abstract: @entity7241 ( @entity7241 ) is a chelated paramagnetic contrast agent under clinical trial for use in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The increased signal intensity following the intravenous infusion of contrast medium may improve the ability of MR imaging to delineate @entity5 . The use of this method in 15 pediatric @entity1 with suspected @entity1313 recurrence was analyzed. All 15 @entity1 underwent postoperative @entity7241 -enhanced MR imaging, and @entity41 was demonstrated in nine of them. Based on the findings of the enhanced MR studies, four @entity1 had additional surgery, two underwent radiation therapy, and one was given immunotherapy. Continued surveillance was recommended for the remaining eight @entity1 . In all cases the enhanced MR imaging studies were superior to the unenhanced studies in regard to the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the @entity41 . Gadolinium- @entity12306 -enhanced MR imaging appears to be a safe and effective means of providing an accurate postoperative @entity66 in pediatric @entity1313 @entity1 . It is as effective as contrast-enhanced computerized tomography and has the sensitivity and anatomic resolution provided by MR imaging. The most useful role of this agent was in the postoperative period, in assessing the adequacy of surgical resection. This technique is recommended as the procedure of choice in the postoperative assessment and long-term surveillance of @entity1 with @entity1313 .

title: Unenhanced and @entity7241 -enhanced MR imaging in postoperative evaluation in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['assessment of residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain-tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['Gd-DTPA', 'Gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Some @entity1 with @entity1204 may be at increased risk for developing @entity0 . The histologic type of @entity1204 associated with @entity0 has not been clearly established. Our purpose was to determine if a certain histologic type of @entity1204 was associated with an increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics @entity5 registry was queried to ascertain all @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity5 from January 1, 1983, to December 31, 1994. Statistics were performed utilizing SPSS for Windows version 9.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), including Student's t tests and chi(2) tests. RESULTS: Five hundred ninety-two @entity1 had @entity1204 during the study period. Five hundred thirty-six @entity1 had @entity4348 , 23 @entity1 had @entity1377 (UPSC), 21 @entity1 had @entity1962 , 10 @entity1 had @entity1358 , and 1 @entity1 each had @entity957 . Twelve @entity1 had previously been diagnosed with @entity0 . Twenty-five @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity0 either concurrently or subsequent to their diagnosis of @entity1204 . Synchronous or subsequent @entity0 developed in 3.2% of @entity1 with @entity4348 and in 25% of @entity1 with UPSC (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with UPSC have an increased risk of development of @entity0 as compared to @entity1 with @entity4348 .

title: XXXX of the uterus: increased risk of subsequent or concurrent development of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'synchronous or subsequent breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'uterine cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous or squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma', 'endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus', 'endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['Papillary serous carcinoma']


abstract: @entity148 can increase the risk of chemotherapy related emesis. We have studied the role of a @entity1245 ( @entity1401 : A) in addition to granisetron for controlling emesis in @entity1 treated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy for @entity706 according to an @entity148 scale (Covi score). Two hundred twenty-five @entity1 receiving at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy including @entity632 and/or @entity786 and/or @entity1259 and/or @entity2699 were randomized. @entity1 in arm G (n = 111) received 3 mg i.v. granisetron 10 min before chemotherapy at cycles @entity41568 while in arm G+A (n = 114), @entity1401 (A) was added per os 1 mg 1 hour before chemotherapy (H-1) and 0.5 mg at H+6 for C1. At C2 and C3, A was given 0.75 or 1.5 mg at H-48, @entity7285 mg at H+6. @entity1 characteristics were comparable between the 2 arms. Complete response rates (i.e. no emesis or at least slight @entity390 ) were similar in both arms: G: 83, 94 and 93% versus G+A: 89, 93 and 97% in C1, C2 and C3 respectively. Nevertheless, the Covi score of the population was low rendering difficult the study of the factor " @entity148 ". Somnolence was significantly more frequent in the G+A arm (p < 0.0001).

title: Granisetron plus or minus @entity1401 for emesis prevention in chemotherapy of XXXX : a randomized multicenter trial. Granisetron Trialists Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a three-generation family with @entity8482 associated with @entity121 and caused by a mutation in the gene encoding for sarcomeric thin filament protein troponin I, @entity54977 . METHODS: The authors performed clinical investigations and reviewed medical records. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained for morphologic analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and analyzed for mutations in @entity54977 . RESULTS: The five affected individuals had @entity1159 , mild @entity2652 (mild @entity4239 , narrow @entity910 ), and no detectable @entity425 . The four affected adults had slightly increased levels of @entity908 kinase in blood, and muscle biopsy specimens showed findings of @entity121 with changes restricted to type 2 fibers. These included variability of muscle fiber size, internalized nuclei, and increased interstitial connective tissue. Analysis of @entity54977 encoding the troponin I isoform expressed in type 2 muscle fibers disclosed a heterozygous three-base in-frame deletion, 2,918-2, @entity54978 , skipping the highly conserved @entity376 at position 176. The mutation was present in all 5 affected individuals but was not identified in any of the 11 unaffected family members. CONCLUSION: Distal arthrogryposis type 1 is genetically heterogeneous, and @entity121 due to sarcomeric @entity409 may be one underlying cause of the disease.

title: A mutation in the fast skeletal muscle troponin I gene causes @entity121 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial involvement']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['distal arthrogryposis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['protein dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral fissures']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['predominantly distal congenital joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity8482 :: (MESH:D001176,Disease) :: ['distal arthrogryposis']


abstract: This study analyzes the results of disease relapse and survival in two series of @entity1 treated between 1974 and 1991 with definitive irradiation, with or without early @entity342 deprivation, for @entity263 localized to the pelvis. All 264 @entity1 were irradiated to the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes with a dose of 50 to 54 Gy in 25 to 27 fractions, followed by a 16- to 20-Gy boost in 8 to 10 fractions to the prostate and periprostatic region. Ninety percent of @entity1 received a total dose to the prostate (pelvis + boost) of 70 Gy. Ninety-nine of the 264 @entity1 underwent early @entity342 deprivation. The endocrine manipulation program was initiated 0 to 9 months before the beginning of the radiotherapy course and was continued for 2 or more years or until disease progression. All @entity1 who relapsed after radiotherapy alone received late hormonal manipulation. After a median follow-up of 100 months, no difference in the incidence of local and distant failure rate and @entity5 -specific mortality was detected between the two treatment groups. The local and distant failure rates were, respectively, 19% and 40% in @entity1 who had undergone radiotherapy and early @entity342 deprivation and 20% and 36% in @entity1 who received radiotherapy alone. @entity5 mortality was similar, with 35% and 30% of deaths in the former and latter group, respectively. Death for intercurrent disease, however, was significantly more frequent (p = 0.03) in @entity1 treated with radiotherapy and hormones (19%) than in those who received radiotherapy alone (8%). Actuarial analysis of both @entity3 -free and disease-free survival detected no difference between the two treatment groups, with 10-year rates of 53.3% and 42.5%, respectively, in the radiation-alone group and 45.5% and 47%, respectively, in the radiation-plus- @entity342 deprivation group. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.03) in overall survival in favor of @entity1 treated with radiotherapy alone was noted, with a 10-year rate of 47%, compared with 26% observed in the radiotherapy-plus- @entity342 deprivation group. In conclusion, results of our study confirm numerous reports based on retrospective analyses that failed to show any benefit of hormonal management adjuvant to a definitive irradiation. The disappointing finding was the significantly better overall survival in @entity1 who underwent radiotherapy alone.

title: Radiotherapy with or without @entity342 deprivation in the treatment of localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: Many aneugenic compounds are known to affect one or several components of the mitotic apparatus. The mechanisms and targets of the aneuploidy-inducing activity of the @entity9158 derivative @entity18884 remain uninvestigated. In our experiments we found that @entity18884 -treated @entity3569 cells (Cl-1) exhibited low levels of newly synthesized tubulin, indicating microtubule @entity4968 . In addition, microtubule growth and organization were substantially affected at mitosis. This was revealed by the reduced length of both interpolar and astral microtubules. Furthermore, @entity18884 strongly induced multipolar and asymmetric alpha-tubulin-positive metaphase spindles, characterized, however, by the absence of fragmentation of centrosome material as evaluated by anti-gamma-tubulin antibody staining. Interestingly, we found that microtubule @entity4968 induced by @entity18884 was qualitatively different from that of @entity3812 , the best known microtubule depolymerizing agent. In fact, in interphase cells @entity3812 was comparatively more effective than @entity18884 in promoting depolymerization of cytoplasmic microtubules. However, @entity3812 could not depolymerize a sub-population of stable, acetylated microtubules, which were however significantly reduced after @entity18884 exposure. In conclusion, the capability of @entity18884 to promote chromosomal malsegregation could be related to an effect on microtubule polymerization that specifically promotes formation of aberrant spindles.

title: Changes in microtubule organization after exposure to a XXXX derivative in @entity3569 cells.

entities_list: @entity9158 :: ('MESH:C031000', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazole']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity9158 :: (MESH:C031000,Chemical) :: ['benzimidazole']


abstract: DNA ploidy and proliferation have been shown in several studies to be prognostic markers for @entity263 . Flow cytometry (FCM) is often used in the determination of ploidy and proliferation. However, FCM cannot readily distinguish among benign epithelium, stromal and inflammatory cells, @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ), and @entity5 cells. In this study, we evaluated H_E histologic features of 322 radical prostatectomy @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue blocks used for determining DNA ploidy, percent S-phase (%S), and %S + %G2M by FCM. The microscopic findings included Gleason score, extent of @entity5 and @entity5436 in the tissue block, and presence of a needle track. The amount of @entity5 in the block was expressed as a percentage of the total tissue surface area in quartiles: < or =25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, and > or =76%. The extent of @entity5436 was recorded in rough 5% intervals. Needle track effect was defined as a combination of fibrohistiocytic reaction, fibrin clot, @entity32 . The associations between these histologic features and DNA ploidy and proliferation (%S and %S + %G2M) were assessed. In multivariate analyses, Gleason score, the amount of @entity5 in the tissue block, and the extent of @entity5436 were significantly associated with ploidy. Gleason score was the only parameter significantly associated with the proliferation measure of %S. If we included %G2M as part of the proliferative fraction of the histogram, however, both Gleason score and the amount of @entity5 in the block were significantly associated with this measure of proliferation. The presence of a needle track was not significantly associated with DNA ploidy, %S, or %S + %G2M. In summary, @entity263 DNA ploidy and proliferation results assessed by FCM in @entity982 -embedded tissue blocks were associated with the Gleason score, amount of @entity5 in the tissue block, and extent of @entity5436 . However, the presence of a needle track was not associated with the FCM results.

title: Factors that influence the measurement of XXXX DNA ploidy and proliferation in @entity982 embedded tissue evaluated by flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma formation, and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['HGPIN', 'high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity136 has been recognized as a standard chemotherapy in advanced @entity788 ( @entity1412 ). We conducted a phase II study of a triple combination regimen ( @entity6283 ) consisting of @entity136 (G), @entity900 (P) and @entity3866 (T) in @entity1 with @entity1412 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic, histologically confirmed @entity420 were treated with @entity3866 100 mg daily, 1,000 mg/m2 of @entity136 and 25 mg/m2 of @entity900 administered on days 1 and 8, respectively, every 3 weeks.The primary end point was objective response. Secondary end points included progression-free survival, overall survival and @entity137 . The study was designed according to the optimal two-stage design. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 were enrolled between June 2009 and August 2010. No complete response was achieved and partial response was observed in 5 @entity1 (26%), Stable disease in 7 (37%), and progressive disease in 7 (37%). The median time to progression was 4.0 months (95% CI: 2.9   5.1 months), and the median overall survival 6.8 months (95% CI: 3.7   9.9 months). The response rate in stage I reached the target (>= 3/22,p0010%) established for movement to stage II but this study was determined to close earlier than planned because of unexpected treatment-related @entity204 (3 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: The triple regimen of @entity6283 is effective for @entity1412 . Treatment related mortalities factored early closure of this @entity6283 protocol. Considering effect and @entity137 , this triple regimen seems to offer few benefits to the @entity1 compared with @entity136 based doublets. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00922896).

title: A phase II trial of @entity3866 in combination with @entity136 and XXXX in advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: This study tested the tissue engineering hypothesis that construction of an osteochondral composite graft could be accomplished using multipotent progenitor cells and phenotype-specific biomaterials. @entity35 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were culture-expanded and separately stimulated with @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) for chondrogenic differentiation or with an @entity421 ( @entity421 ). MSCs exposed to @entity1810 were loaded into a sponge composed of a hyaluronan derivative (HYAF-11) for the construction of the cartilage component of the composite graft, and MSCs exposed to @entity421 were loaded into a porous @entity78 ceramic component for bone formation. Cell-loaded @entity17642 sponge and ceramic were joined together with fibrin sealant, Tisseel, to form a composite osteochondral graft, which was then implanted into a subcutaneous pocket in syngeneic @entity35 . Specimens were harvested at 3 and 6 weeks after implantation, examined with histology for morphologic features, and stained immunohistochemically for type I, II, and X collagen. The two-component composite graft remained as an integrated unit after in vivo implantation and histologic processing. Fibrocartilage was observed in the sponge, and bone was detected in the ceramic component. Observations with polarized light indicated continuity of collagen fibers between the ceramic and @entity17642 components in the 6-week specimens. Type I collagen was identified in the neo-tissue in both sponge and ceramic, and type II collagen in the fibrocartilage, especially the pericellular matrix of cells in the sponge. These data suggest that the construction of a tissue-engineered composite osteochondral graft is possible with MSCs and different biomaterials and bioactive factors that support either chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation.

title: Tissue-engineered fabrication of an osteochondral composite graft using XXXX bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic supplement', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity65 and morbidity in the Czech Republic are among the highest in the world. The morbidity data, however, are not routinely registered and thus a basis for preventive program evaluation is not available. Aim of the study is to establish the incidence of @entity583 in the Olomouc district in 1994 and to compare it with the incidence of this disease in the Czech Republic. Cases of @entity583 (diagnosis 121 according to the 10th revision of @entity1479 established by a physician) were included. Sources of data concerning the diagnosis included the registries of internal clinics, departments of internal medicine, department of forensic medicine of the Faculty of Medicine in Olomouc, and general practitioners practising in the Olomouc district. Data concerning @entity583 mortality were obtained from the Olomouc Regional Statistical Office. The 6th version of EPI-Info Programme was used to process the data. In 1994, 523 cases of @entity583 were diagnosed in the Olomouc district, 313 in @entity1 and 210 in @entity1 . The respective incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 227: 286 in @entity1 and 178 in @entity1 . Acute @entity583 mortality per 100,000 in Olomouc district was 98.05, it is 109.57 in @entity1 and 87.26 in @entity1 . For comparison, @entity583 mortality per 100,000 in the Czech Republic at the same period was 171.4 and 117.2 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Highest incidence was observed in March and October/November, lowest occurrence was observed in July and August. The incidence decreased with increasing size of the place of residence. As to the latter, further analysis is required to formulate conclusions concerning the morbidity trends.

title: The incidence of XXXX in the district Olomouc in 1994--descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity11664 , not yet defined aminopeptidases and endopeptidases, @entity54126 , @entity5428 transferase and @entity50799 were investigated in the normal @entity1 full-term placenta using qualitative (catalytic) cytochemistry, isoelectric focusing, immunocytochemistry and kinetic fluorometry. @entity11664 could be visualized cytochemically in the smooth muscle cells of the chorionic plate, stem villi and basal plate blood vessels. Aminopeptidases were found in connective tissue fibres of the chorionic plate, villous stroma, basal plate and paraplacenta. @entity5735 was detected at the same sites as the aminopeptidases and, in addition, in amniotic epithelial cells, fibroblasts of the villous stroma, endothelium of chorionic plate and villous blood vessels as well as in the basophilic cytotrophoblast cells (x-cells) of the basal plate and paraplacenta, and it possibly also occurred in some domains of the plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells. The x-cells surrounded the fetus in the form of a @entity5735 -positive shell at the border to the mother. The enzyme represented the first specific marker for x-cells. @entity26903 and II were primarily found in Hofbauer cells (macrophages) of the villous stroma, but also in the syncytiotrophoblast, other villous stromal cells and cells of the chorionic and basal plate. @entity5428 transferase was present in some connective tissue elements of the chorionic plate. @entity50799 and endopeptidases were not detected. Isoelectric focusing of proteases revealed different molecular forms of @entity5735 in the paraplacenta and villous tree, while the aminopeptidases shared the same pattern in both regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Proteases in the XXXX full-term placenta.

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-Glutamyl', 'gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['Dipeptidyl peptidase IV', 'dipeptidyl peptidase IV']

entities_list: @entity26903 :: ('1075', 'Gene') :: ['Dipeptidyl peptidase I']

entities_list: @entity50799 :: ('4012', 'Gene') :: ['Oxytocinase', 'oxytocinase']

entities_list: @entity54126 :: ('1075;29952;1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase I, II and IV']

entities_list: @entity11664 :: ('2028', 'Gene') :: ['Aminopeptidase A']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fourteen domestic @entity1707 were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 7) was the control group, in which no pharmacologic intervention was applied. In group B (n = 7), the @entity63 -reperfused spinal cord was treated with the combination of @entity208 (50 mg/kg/day for 3 days before the day of operation) and @entity5532 (Desferal, 50 mg/kg administered intravenously over 3 to 4 hours). The administration of @entity5532 was completed 1 hour before crossclamping. The crossclamp was placed on the descending aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery for 30 minutes. Proximal @entity101 was controlled with @entity1854 and volume depletion. Methods of assessment included an evaluation of the neurologic status of the animals by quantitative Tarlov criteria, blood flow by radiolabeled microspheres, and histologic examination of the spinal cord. All animals in the control group, group A, were completely paraplegic with 0% recovery by Tarlov criteria at 24 hours after the removal of the crossclamp. In contrast, all animals in group B, in which the combination of @entity208 and @entity5532 was used, completely recovered (100% recovery by Tarlov criteria), and at 24 hours after the @entity63 episode they were able to walk with no difficulty and had intact sensation. Functional parameters of these animals fully correlated with the morphologic findings. Widespread acute @entity528 and vacuolation of neuropil were observed in the control group of animals. In contrast, animals in group B showed much less pronounced morphologic changes after the same period of @entity63 . In summary, the combined use of these agents significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the incidence of @entity451 induced by aortic crossclamping with 82% additivity.

title: Additive effect of XXXX and @entity5532 in the prevention of spinal cord injury caused by aortic crossclamping.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: @entity95 reticulocyte initiation factor M2A has been prepared in homogeneous form. The final preparation was purified 2,300-fold and ran as a single band on @entity2975 gel electrophoresis in three different buffer systems: alkaline, @entity3208 , and acidic 6.5 M @entity1133 . IF-M2A also ran as a single band in @entity2975 gel isoelectric focusing experiments with an apparent pI of 6.45. The molecular weight of IF-M2A was approximately 125,000 based on determinations by low speed equilibrium centrifugation (118,000), @entity3208 gel electrophoresis (130,000) and s20,w combined with Stokes radius (124,000). The @entity535 composition of IF-M2A revealed three unusual features: a) the basic @entity1522 represented 19.4 mol %; b) glutamicacid (plus @entity1160 ) constituted 18.8 mol%; c) @entity2340 and @entity462 residues were only 0.4 and 0.7 mol%, respectively. Homogeneous IF-M2A was tested in several initiation assays using either natural or artificial mRNAs. In each assay tested, homogeneous IF-M2A fully substituted for cruder preparations and at concentrations commensurate with its increased purity. IF-M2A was also examined for ribosome-dependent @entity3007 hydrolysis, an assay requiring ribosomes but no other initiation factors. Analysis of the data yielded a Km for @entity3007 of 10 muM and a Vmax for hydrolysis of 1.20pmol/mug IF-M2A/min. In addition, IF-M2A mediated @entity3007 hydrolysis required both 40 S and 60 S subunits for maximal activity. The possibility that IF-M2A is a factor required for the joining of 40 S and 60 S subunits is discussed.

title: Purification and characterization of homogeneous initiation factor M2A from XXXX reticulocytes.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of TNF-alpha and live @entity328 on @entity1 neutrophil oxidative burst and @entity2263 -integrin expression using flow cytometry. METHODS: Six clinical isolates of @entity2260 (serotypes 3, 19A, 22F, 6A, 33F and 9N) from @entity1 with bacteremic @entity55 or @entity1729 were studied. Whole blood was incubated either alone, with TNF-alpha or with @entity2260 or with both TNF-alpha and pneumococci at a ratio of one neutrophil per 1--5 bacteria. After 30 min of incubation, the tubes were put into ice, fixed and analysed. RESULTS: @entity2260 caused an increase in oxidative burst but not greater than that caused by TNF-alpha alone. When whole blood was preincubated with TNF-alpha for 30 min before the addition of pneumococci, a further increase in the oxidative burst response was seen. The variation in CD11b expression was not significant. Both @entity2260 and TNF-alpha caused increases in CD18 expression. The addition of TNF-alpha directly with the bacteria caused no further increase, but preincubation of blood with TNF-alpha 30 min before the addition of the bacteria caused a significant increase in CD18 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Live @entity2260 stimulates polymorphonuclear leukocytes to produce an oxidative burst and increases expression of CD18, and these effects are enhanced by TNF-alpha.

title: The effects of live XXXX and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on neutrophil oxidative burst and @entity2263 -integrin expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among the potential uses of @entity12502 , intentional release of its aerosolized form, causing @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission, is thought to be the most threatening. With the current rarity of @entity1407 , our epidemiological knowledge remains insufficient for detailed characterization of effective control measures. METHODS: Temporal patterns and key biological parameters of a @entity1407 in Manchuria from 1910 to 1911 were analysed based on historical records collected by Kanto Totokufu, the administration of the Japanese Empire in Manchuria at that time. The serial intervals were fitted to gamma distribution using the maximum likelihood method, and time-delay distributions from onset-to-admission, admission-to- @entity204 , and onset-to- @entity204 were investigated. RESULTS: Whereas a total of 228 cases were diagnosed with @entity1407 in areas under direct control of the Japanese Empire, 4,781 cases were also recorded in surrounding areas. Although the @entity3082 grew exponentially in the early phase, the average doubling time steadily increased reflecting successful control efforts. The estimated mean serial interval (and standard deviation) was 5.7 (3.6) days. All cases with known dates of onset were admitted to hospital within 4 days after onset, and the mean time from onset to admission was 1.1 (0.4) days. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in doubling time demonstrates the efficient and rapid countermeasures employed. Since the short interval from onset to @entity204 implies the importance of rapid responses, the challenge in confronting a future bioterrorist attack is to implement rapid and appropriate integration of control measures both at the individual and community level to prevent further transmissions as well as lower case fatality.

title: Epidemiology of a primary XXXX in Kantoshu, Manchuria, from 1910 to 1911: statistical analysis of individual records collected by the Japanese Empire.

entities_list: @entity12502 :: ('632', 'Species') :: ['Yersinia pestis']

entities_list: @entity1407 :: ('MESH:D010930', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonic plague epidemic', 'pneumonic plague epidemics', 'pneumonic plague']

answer: @entity1407 :: (MESH:D010930,Disease) :: ['pneumonic plague']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity3557 is rising, with an @entity101 being discovered. There is controversy in the literature regarding the optimal management of these @entity5 . This study aimed to review our institution's experience with the presentation and management of @entity7172 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis from the Sydney @entity135 Institute, from 1987 to 2009. RESULTS: A total of 228 @entity1 were analysed. @entity7172 were discovered incidentally in 116 (50.9 per cent) @entity1 and non-incidentally in the remaining 112 (49.1 per cent) @entity1 . Amongst the non-incidental group, 11.6 per cent of @entity1 presented with lateral cervical lymph node involvement. Non-incidental @entity7172 were significantly associated with younger age (<45 years) (p = 0.007) and larger @entity5 (5-10 mm) (p < 0.001). Only four @entity1 in the incidental group suffered recurrent disease (locoregional). No @entity1 developed distant @entity3 or died during follow up. CONCLUSION: @entity7172 present both incidentally and non-incidentally, with equal prevalence. Non-incidental @entity5 not infrequently present with cervical @entity1600 . The @entity1 outcome is generally excellent.

title: Management of incidental and non-incidental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in the number of microcarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas', 'microcarcinomas', 'papillary thyroid microcarcinoma']

answer: @entity7172 :: (MESH:C563277,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid microcarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity303 with @entity1832 is a common form of @entity303 in the elderly, characterised clinically by fluctuating @entity73 , @entity71 , @entity1833 , @entity304 , and other neuropsychiatric features. Neuroleptic medication can provoke severe sensitivity reactions in @entity1 with @entity303 of this type. Many deficits in cholinergic neurotransmission are seen in the brain of @entity1 with Lewy-body @entity303 ; therefore, drugs enhancing central cholinergic function represent a rationally-based therapeutic approach to this disorder. @entity11544 , a cholinesterase inhibitor, was tested in a group of clinically characterised @entity1 with Lewy-body @entity303 . METHODS: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre study was done in 120 @entity1 with Lewy-body @entity303 from the UK, Spain, and Italy. Individuals were given up to 12 mg @entity11544 daily or placebo for 20 weeks, followed by 3 weeks rest. Assessment by means of the neuropsychiatric inventory was made at baseline, and again at weeks 12, 20, and 23. A computerised cognitive assessment system and neuropsychological tests were also used, and @entity1 underwent close medical and laboratory safety analysis. FINDINGS: @entity1 taking @entity11544 were significantly less apathetic and anxious, and had fewer delusions and @entity1833 while on treatment than controls. Almost twice as many @entity1 on @entity11544 (37, 63%), than on placebo (18, 30%), showed at least a 30% improvement from baseline. In the computerised cognitive assessment system and the neuropsychological tests, @entity1 were significantly faster and better than those on placebo, particularly on tasks with a substantial attentional component. Both predefined primary efficacy measures differed significantly between @entity11544 and placebo. After drug discontinuation differences between @entity11544 and placebo tended to disappear. Known adverse events of cholinesterase inhibitors ( @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity448 ) were seen more frequently with @entity11544 than with placebo, but safety and tolerability of the drug in these mostly multimorbid @entity1 were judged acceptable. INTERPRETATION: @entity11544 6-12 mg daily produces statistically and clinically significant behavioural effects in @entity1 with Lewy-body @entity303 , and seems safe and well tolerated if titrated individually.

title: Efficacy of @entity11544 in XXXX with @entity1832 : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled international study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficits']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations', 'hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivastigmine', 'rivastigmine']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: To evaluate the relationship between cytosolic @entity460 (Cai) and @entity1369 production, @entity35 adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells were studied during long-term stimulation by different secretagogues. Cai was measured in single ZG cells using microspectrofluorimetry, and @entity1369 was determined in cell populations using a superfusion system. For external @entity972 (K+), Cai increases are sustained, with only a slight decrement over time, a feature shared by @entity1369 production. The relationship between @entity1369 output and Cai is nonlinear, with a Cai value for half-maximal stimulation of approximately 500 nM. Furthermore, the sustained changes in Cai with external K+ indicate that ZG cells can use an amplitude-based Cai signal to stimulate @entity1369 production. Cai changes stimulated by @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) show a complex dose-response pattern, with high concentrations (greater than or equal to 1 nM) of @entity1808 eliciting a peak-plateau signal and lower doses (0.1 nM to 10 pM) producing repeated @entity48402 . The peak amplitude of the Cai response in individual cells is not dose dependent, with the ZG cell experiencing peak levels repeatedly at the lowest @entity1808 concentrations. However, the Cai transients are more frequent with increasing @entity1808 concentrations between 0.1 nM and 10 pM. When integrated over time, the mean Cai signal also shows only modest dose-dependency during the sustained phase of @entity1808 stimulation. Unlike the integrated Cai signal, @entity1369 production increases steeply between 10 pM and 0.1 nM @entity1808 , indicating that the Cai signal is likely to be frequency-based. Conversely, the @entity134 response to high @entity1808 closely mirrors the kinetics of the more sustained Cai signals, including the diminished Cai and @entity1369 levels during sustained stimulation with the highest @entity1808 doses. @entity369 vasopressin stimulated Cai and @entity1369 responses, which closely resemble those elicited by 0.1 nM @entity1808 , except that both Cai and @entity1369 return to basal values within 20 min of continuous presentation of @entity5463 . Each ZG secretagogue produces a distinct pattern of Cai and @entity1369 response. In addition, Cai response patterns can be divided into two general classes: a sustained Cai response, which appears to modulate cell activation by the amplitude of the Cai signal, and an oscillating Cai response, which uses the frequency of the Cai transients to control the magnitude of stimulation.

title: Kinetics of cytosolic @entity460 and @entity1369 responses in XXXX adrenal glomerulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity48402 :: ('MESH:D002128', 'Disease') :: ['Cai oscillations']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Little is known about @entity299 in @entity3326 ( @entity3326 ) in @entity191 ( @entity191 ), although high levels of serum @entity908 kinase (CK) suggest the presence of cardiac involvement. We have also been aware of elevated serum myosin light chain I (MLCI) in these @entity1 with no clear evidence of an @entity1187 . To evaluate cardiac involvement in @entity3326 in @entity191 , we recorded the electrocardiogram (ECG) and measured serum MLCI and CK-MB levels. Plasma levels of @entity1063 and @entity1425 were also determined. The @entity1 were classified based on the in-hospital outcome into 55 survivors and 5 nonsurvivors. Age- and gender-matched @entity191 @entity1 without @entity3326 served as controls (n = 51). All @entity1 had high serum concentrations of CK-MB and MLCI. The mean values of CK, CK-MB, MLCI, @entity1425 and @entity1063 were higher in both @entity1 groups as compared to control subjects, and the values in nonsurvivors were significantly higher than those in survivors. A positive correlation was observed between serum MLCI and CK levels (p < 0.01), and between serum MLCI levels and plasma @entity1063 concentrations (p < 0.01). ECG abnormalities such as @entity1162 , abnormal Q wave, ST elevation and T wave inversion were observed in all nonsurvivors and 32 (58.2%) survivors. We conclude that @entity296 is common in @entity1 with @entity3326 even when they have no symptoms suggestive of @entity296 , and MLCI and CK-MB as well as ECG are useful indicators of mortality.

title: Cardiac involvement in malignant syndrome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'neuroleptic malignant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement', 'myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QTc interval']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Upon return from spaceflight or resumption of normal posture after bed rest, individuals often exhibit @entity65 . Although the mechanisms responsible for @entity65 have yet to be fully elucidated, alterations within the central nervous system have been postulated to be involved. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the @entity2339 are important brain regions in control of sympathetic outflow and body fluid homeostasis. @entity842 (NO) modulates the activity of PVN and SON neurons, and alterations in NO transmission within these brain regions may contribute to symptoms of @entity65 . The purpose of the present study was to examine @entity842 synthase (NOS) activity and expression in the PVN and SON of control and hindlimb unloaded (HU) @entity35 , an animal model of @entity65 . The number of neurons exhibiting NOS activity as assessed by @entity1110 -diaphorase staining was significantly greater in the PVN but not SON of HU @entity35 . Western blot analysis revealed that @entity5612 ( @entity5612 ) but not endothelial NOS ( @entity2824 ) protein expression was higher in the PVN of HU @entity35 . In the SON, there was a strong trend for an increase in @entity5612 (p=0.052) and a significant increase in @entity2824 expression in HU @entity35 . Our results suggest that increased @entity5612 in the PVN contributes to autonomic and humoral alterations following @entity65 . In contrast, the functional significance of increases in @entity5612 and @entity2824 protein in the SON may be related to alterations in vasopressin release observed previously in HU @entity35 .

title: Increased @entity842 synthase activity and expression in the XXXX of hindlimb unloaded @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deconditioning']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['hypothalamus']


abstract: Influences of @entity23725 on the postoperative continence of imperforate anus were evaluated clinically and experimentally. Postoperative continence was clinically assessed by the quantitative scoring system for 77 @entity1 (44 of high-type anomalies and 33 of @entity258 ). Incidence of combined @entity23725 was 28.6% (38.6% in @entity6127 and 15.2% in @entity258 ). Combined @entity23725 had harmful effects on the postoperative defecational function, especially on the parameters of rectal sensation and soiling. @entity1 with more than four segments of sacral vertebrae had relatively satisfying results on the postoperative assessment. For a teratological study to obtain a model of @entity23725 , Donryu @entity35 were used. @entity3460 was injected as the teratogen intraperitoneally on the nineth day of gestation. Of the 198 live fetuses, 5 @entity35 had tail defect and @entity23725 . Two of the 5 anomalous @entity35 also had imperforate anus. Four of 5 @entity35 had vertebrae intact above the first sacral segment. In these 4 @entity35 the pelvic floor muscles had developed to some degree. All the vertebrae were agenetic below the thoracic segments in the other @entity35 fetus. This @entity35 had no pelvic floor muscles. These studies showed that the severity of @entity23725 had a relationship to postoperative continence. Intact sacral vertebrae above the 4th in @entity1 and the 1st in @entity35 correlated with fair development of pelvic floor muscles and satisfying postoperative continence.

title: XXXX and pelvic floor muscle in imperforate anus: a clinical and experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['Trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity23725 :: ('MESH:C537222', 'Disease') :: ['sacral anomalies']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low type anomalies', 'low-type anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['high type anomalies']

answer: @entity23725 :: (MESH:C537222,Disease) :: ['Sacral anomaly']


abstract: Calcification has been examined in 250 samples of @entity731 (types II to VI) of @entity1 carotid arteries using von Kossa and haematoxylin staining. Early @entity730 described as 'stippling' was first noted in stage III specimens, with intermediate and solid calcifications becoming increasingly prominent within advanced plaques, especially stages Vb and VI. Although the relative frequencies of stippling, intermediate and large calcified deposits varied between plaques of the same stage, the prevalent sites of @entity730 were recognized as the deeper regions of the intima and the @entity1856 . Immunolocalization and histochemical techniques were used to identify the associations of mast cells (MCs), macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and @entity2362 with the different stages of @entity730 . Early, dispersed stippling was commonly associated with local accumulations of macrophages (HAM56 and CD68-positive), MCs and extracellular MC tryptase, the presence of immunoreactive @entity2362 , but the relative absence of SMCs. Intermediate stages of @entity730 described as 'morula' deposits were also associated with local increases in the numbers of macrophages and MCs. Larger calcified deposits, even within the same plaque specimen, showed no regular pattern of cellular or @entity2362 associations. However, in the vast majority of specimens, macrophages represented the predominant cell type associated with different phases of @entity730 . By contrast, the @entity730 less frequently observed in the media beneath advanced plaques was commonly associated with SMCs and @entity2362 ; only rarely were macrophages or MCs present. These studies are the first to demonstrate that macrophages, MCs, and extracellular tryptase frequently occupy micro-environmental loci showing the first stages of @entity730 within the @entity731 plaque; similar associations with more advanced mineral deposits are discussed in relation to @entity397 .

title: Calcification in @entity731 plaque of XXXX carotid arteries: associations with mast cells and macrophages.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The localizations of two transglutaminases [ @entity21939 and @entity8265 ( @entity8265 )] and their mRNAs were examined in @entity1 brain tissues from neurologically normal and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) cases, using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods. In all cases, meningeal macrophages and ependymal macrophage/microglia were positive for @entity21939 . The mRNA encoding @entity21939 was detected in macrophages and microglia. As reported previously, intense staining with the antibody to @entity21939 of a subset of microglia was seen in the parietal cortex in @entity195 brains. Few or no microglia were found associated with classical senile plaques. In contrast, many labeled microglia were associated with primitive plaques. Further-more, most of these cells were mainly seen in the subpial cortical layer but were very rare in the hippocampus. On the other hand, few @entity21939 -positive microglia were found in the parietal cortices from non-neurological cases, but moderate numbers were found in their hippocampal tissues. TG and its mRNA were localized in astrocytes in all the cases. In @entity195 , a few @entity3072 were positive to @entity8265 . These results suggest that the subsets of microglia which express @entity21939 may play some roles in the early phase of @entity195 pathology.

title: Possible roles of transglutaminases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tTG', 'tissue transglutaminase']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity21939 :: ('2162', 'Gene') :: ['factor XIIIa', 'factor-XIIIa']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: @entity1 keratinocytes produce several antimicrobial peptides and proteins ( @entity860 ) which contribute to the protection of @entity1 skin against @entity281 . @entity42778 is a major @entity860 involved in cutaneous defense with a high expression in keratinocytes and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The cytokine @entity4155 has been recently identified as a potent inducer of several @entity860 in keratinocytes. Since the role of @entity4155 to induce @entity42778 expression is unknown we analyzed @entity4155 alone and in combination with other cytokines to induce @entity42778 expression in keratinocytes. Whereas @entity4155 alone only weakly induced @entity42778 expression, the synergistic combination of @entity29514 ( @entity4155 / @entity379 ) was identified as a potent inducer of @entity42778 expression. This combination was more effective in inducing @entity42778 than the combination of @entity4155 / @entity310 , a combination previously identified as a strong inducer of psoriasis-related immune response genes including several @entity860 . @entity379 and @entity4155 both have been reported to activate the transcription factor @entity4104 ( @entity4104 ). Therefore we investigated the influence of @entity4104 on the @entity4155 / @entity379 -mediated @entity42778 induction. The use of a @entity4104 inhibitor as well as siRNA-mediated downregulation of @entity4104 resulted in a diminished @entity4155 / @entity379 -mediated @entity42778 induction in keratinocytes indicating that @entity4104 is involved in this process. Similarly as seen with @entity42778 , treatment of keratinocytes with @entity4155 / @entity379 revealed also a synergistic induction of gene expression of the @entity860 @entity1 @entity46240 as well as the @entity4483 protein psoriasin (S100A7) indicating that the combination of @entity4155 / @entity379 is a potent inducer of various @entity860 classes in general. This was also reflected by an increase of the @entity794 -killing activity of @entity4155 / @entity379 -treated keratinocytes.

title: @entity29514 synergistically induce XXXX expression via @entity4104 in primary keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity4104 :: ('6774', 'Gene') :: ['Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3', 'STAT3']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity42778 :: (84659,Gene) :: ['RNase 7']


abstract: Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations were performed on the neutral, anionic, and dianionic forms of @entity32406 -a (Pheo-a) in @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ) in order to calculate the absolute free energy of reduction of Pheo-a in solution. The geometry of the solvated species was optimized by restricted open-shell density functional treatment (ROB3LYP) using the 6-31G(d) basis set for the molecular species while the primary solvent shell consisting of 45 @entity9104 molecules was treated by the MM method using the universal force field (UFF). Electronic energies of the neutral, anionic, and dianionic species were obtained by carrying out single point density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the 6-311+G(2d,2p) basis set on the respective ONIOM optimized geometries. The CHARMM27 force field was used to account for the dynamical nature of the primary solvation shell of 45 @entity9104 molecules. In the calculations using solvent shells, the required atomic charges for each solvent molecule were obtained from ROB3LYP/6-31G(d) calculation on a single isolated @entity9104 molecule. Randomly sampled configurations generated by the Monte Carlo (MC) technique were used to determine the contribution of the primary shell to the free energy of solvation of the three species. The dynamical nature of the primary shell significantly corrects the free energy of solvation. Frequency calculations at the ROB3LYP/6-31G(d) level were carried out on the optimized geometries of truncated 47-atom models of the neutral and ionic species in vacuum so as to determine the differences in thermal energy and molecular entropy. The Born energy of ion-dielectric interaction, the Onsager energy of dipole-dielectric interaction, and the Debye-H  ckel energy of ion-ionic cloud interaction for the @entity32406 -solvent aggregate were added as perturbative corrections. The Born interaction also makes a large contribution to the absolute free energy of reduction. An implicit solvation model (DPCM) was also employed for the calculation of standard reduction potentials in @entity9104 . Both the models were successful in reproducing the standard reduction potentials. An explicit solvent treatment(QM/MM/MC + Born + Onsager + Debye corrections) yielded the one electron reduction potential of Pheo-a as -0.92 +/- 0.27 V and the two electron reduction potential as -1.34 +/- 0.25 V at 298.15 K, while the implicit solvent treatment yielded the corresponding values as -1.03 +/- 0.17 and -1.30 +/- 0.17 V, respectively. The calculated values more or less agree with the experimental midpoint potentials of -0.90 and -1.25 V, respectively. Moreover, a numerical finite difference Poisson-Boltzmann solver (FDPB) along with the DPCM methodology was employed to obtain the reduction potential of @entity32406 in the thylakoid membrane. The calculated reduction potential value of -0.58 V is in excellent agreement with the reported value -0.61 V.

title: Theoretical determination of the standard reduction potentials of XXXX -a in @entity6442 and membrane.

entities_list: @entity6442 :: ('MESH:D004126', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethyl formamide']

entities_list: @entity32406 :: ('CHEBI:8108', 'Chemical') :: ['Pheophytin', 'pheophytin']

answer: @entity32406 :: (CHEBI:8108,Chemical) :: ['pheophytin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that changes in serum @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ) and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) after @entity583 reflect extracellular matrix remodelling and the @entity1188 healing process. @entity1 : 13 consecutive @entity1 with their first @entity583 who underwent successful reperfusion. METHODS: Blood was sampled on the day of admission, and on days 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, and 28. Serum @entity3334 and @entity2843 were measured by one step sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Left ventricular volume indices were determined by left ventriculography performed four weeks after the @entity1188 . RESULTS: Serum concentrations of both @entity3334 and @entity2843 changed over time. The average serum @entity3334 was more than 1 SD below the mean control values during the initial four days, increased thereafter, reaching a peak concentration around day 14, and then returned to the middle control range. Negative correlations with left ventricular end systolic volume index and positive correlations with left ventricular ejection fraction were obtained for serum @entity3334 on day 5, when it began to rise, and for the magnitude of rise in @entity3334 on day 5 compared to admission. Serum @entity2843 at admission was more than 1 SD below the mean control value, and increased gradually thereafter, reaching a peak on around day 14. Negative correlations with left ventricular end systolic volume index and positive correlations with left ventricular ejection fraction were obtained for serum @entity2843 on days 5 and 7, and for the magnitude of rise in @entity2843 on days 5 and 7 compared to admission. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity3334 and @entity2843 showed significant time dependent alteration after @entity583 . Thus @entity3334 and @entity2843 may provide useful information in evaluating the healing process as it affects left @entity5707 after @entity583 .

title: Time dependent alterations of serum @entity3334 tissue inhibitor after successful reperfusion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular remodelling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: In spite of extensive research in molecular @entity105 , genes that can be considered primary targets in @entity1 @entity105 remain to be identified. Mutated oncogenes or cellular growth regulatory genes, when incorporated into normal @entity1 epithelial cells, failed to immortalize or transform these cells. Therefore, they may be secondary events in @entity1 @entity105 . Based on some experimental studies we have proposed that downregulation of a differentiation gene may be the primary event in @entity1 @entity105 . Such a gene could be referred to as a @entity5 -initiating gene. Downregulation of a differentiation gene can be accomplished by a mutation in the differentiation gene, by activation of differentiation suppressor genes, and by inactivation of @entity5 suppressor genes. Downregulation of a differentiation gene can lead to immortalization of normal cells. Mutations in cellular proto-oncogenes, growth regulatory genes, and @entity5 suppressor genes in immortalized cells can lead to transformation. Such genes could be called @entity5 -promoting genes. This hypothesis can be documented by experiments published on differentiation of @entity521 ( @entity521 ) cells in culture. The fact that terminal differentiation can be induced in @entity521 cells by @entity268 ( @entity268 ) suggests that the differentiation gene in these cells is not mutated, and thus can be activated by an appropriate agent. The fact that @entity268 -resistant cells exist in @entity521 cell populations suggests that a differentiation gene is mutated in these @entity5 cells, or that differentiation regulatory genes have become unresponsive to @entity268 . In addition to @entity268 , several other differentiating agents have been identified. Our proposed hypothesis of @entity105 can also be applied to other @entity1 @entity5 such as @entity320 , @entity1911 , @entity2946 , @entity11 , @entity242 , and @entity694 .

title: Differentiation genes: are they primary targets for XXXX @entity105 ?

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate", 'cAMP']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Genetic researchers often collect disease related quantitative traits in addition to disease status because they are interested in understanding the pathophysiology of disease processes. In genome-wide association (GWA) studies, these quantitative phenotypes may be relevant to disease development and serve as intermediate phenotypes or they could be behavioral or other risk factors that predict disease risk. Statistical tests combining both disease status and quantitative risk factors should be more powerful than case-control studies, as the former incorporates more information about the disease. In this paper, we proposed a modified inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis method to combine disease status and quantitative intermediate phenotype information. The simulation results showed that when an intermediate phenotype was available, the inverse-variance weighted method had more power than did a case-control study of @entity66 , especially in identifying susceptibility loci having minor effects. We further applied this modified meta-analysis to a study of imputed @entity2 genotypes with smoking data in 1154 cases and 1137 matched controls. The most significant SNPs came from the @entity15555 - @entity15556 - @entity15557 region on chromosome 15q24-25.1, which has been replicated in many other studies. Our results confirm that this @entity52164 region is associated with both @entity2 development and smoking behavior. We also detected three significant SNPs-- @entity20519 , @entity52165 , and @entity52166 --in the promoter region of the @entity2533 gene on chromosome 19 (p=1.46 10(-5), 1.18 10(-5), and 6.57 10(-6), respectively). The SNP @entity20519 is reported to be associated with @entity2 in cigarette smokers. The present study is the first GWA study to replicate this result. Signals in the 3q26 region were also identified in the meta-analysis. We demonstrate the intermediate phenotype can potentially enhance the power of complex disease association analysis and the modified meta-analysis method is robust to incorporate intermediate phenotype or other quantitative risk factor in the analysis.

title: Genetic association analysis of XXXX incorporating intermediate phenotype information.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complex diseases']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['complex diseases']


abstract: Two @entity1 , a 66-year-old @entity1 (case 1) and a 55-year-old @entity1 (case 2), had been known (for 40 and 35 years, respectively) to have type 1 @entity4786 . Dyspnoea, recently even at rest, had developed in both over the past few years. Both were emaciated (weight 62 kg, height 180 cm; 42 kg, 166 cm, respectively). In both the chest radiography had net-like increased interstitial markings. Computed tomography in case 1 showed largely subpleural small-blister-like changes bilaterally ( @entity358 ), while there were large apical cysts bilaterally in case 2. Lung function tests demonstrated restrictive changes in case 1 (vital capacity 48% of norm, relative one-second capacity 88%) and severe ventilation abnormality in case 2 (vital capacity 42% of norm, relative one-second capacity 47%). Both had marked hypoxaemia even at rest and the walking limit was 200 m in case 1, 40 m in case 2. The pulmonary changes were most likely manifestations of the @entity4786 . Symptomatic treatment consisted of long-term @entity26 therapy with a portable liquid @entity26 system (flow rate: 1-2 l/min at rest and 3-5 l/min on exercise; duration: 24 h/d). This achieved a walking distance without hypoxaemia of 500 and 200 m, respectively, with marked improvement in the @entity1 ' condition.

title: [Involvement of the lungs in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['honeycomb lung']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity4786 :: (MESH:D017253,Disease) :: ['neurofibromatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the usage and accessibility problems faced by the disabled (whether in @entity158 or not) users of assistive devices (conventional wheelchairs), identify physical barriers that limit their mobility, and recognize the socio-cultural practices excluding them from the design process of such devices. Another main purpose of this paper is to improve the ergonomic criteria that influence the design and manufacture of assistive devices. MATERIALS AND METHOD:                 <AbstractText Label="STUDY POPULATION" NlmCategory="METHODS">15 @entity1 with any of the following diagnoses: @entity1691 , @entity309 , or amputees using wheelchairs in Mexico and Colombia. DESIGN: Qualitative study. Thematic analysis with a theoretical industrial design approach to employing usability testing for ergonomic analysis. RESULTS: We identified 6 issues associated with usability problems from the @entity1 's standpoint: barriers for use of wheelchairs (usability and acceptability), creative adaptations, potential use of technical devices, independence, body perception and assistive devices, and architectural barriers. The ergonomic and usability requirements and the resulting level of independence vary across wheelchair users with @entity1118 and those whose disability does not involve @entity158 . The latter are more independent in their movements and decisions. CONCLUSIONS: User input is essential in the design of assistive devices. The proposal of "design from and for the user" must rely on both engineering and medical perspective on the ergonomy as well as the user interpretation of the environment and the experience of the disease. Thus we can arrive at a "user-centered design".

title: Usage problems and social barriers faced by @entity1 with a wheelchair and other aids. Qualitative study from the ergonomics perspective in XXXX disabled by @entity309 and other conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: Regional strain rate in the left ventricle can be assessed in real time and color mapped. The method is termed strain rate imaging (SRI), and findings correspond well with 2-dimensional echocardiography. This study addresses SRI as a method for localizing coronary lesions, compared with standard echocardiography. Twenty @entity1 with acute @entity583 who underwent coronary angiography for clinical reasons were examined with SRI and standard echocardiography. Wall motion was graded by SRI color and separately by wall thickening. Strain rate imaging and 2-dimensional echocardiography results agreed well. An @entity1188 was identified from angiograms combined with electrocardiograms. Both methods identified an @entity1188 in 19 possible cases and had equal sensitivity and specificity for wall segments affected by lesion. Combining the information from both methods did not change accuracy. The study validates SRI as a method for assessing regional wall function in @entity453 . The advantages of SRI are discussed and measurements of strain rates are given.

title: Strain rate imaging by ultrasonography in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: We have administered interferon alfa-2b, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, to 126 @entity12297 -positive @entity1860 @entity1 . Of 71 early @entity2212 ( @entity2212 ) @entity1 (less than 12 months from diagnosis), 41 (58%) obtained a @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ). Daily interferon was more effective than intermittent administration. In previously untreated @entity1 , the response was significantly influenced by risk status at diagnosis. Thirty-four out of 71 (48%) @entity1 improved cytogenetically, the median of @entity12297 + mitoses declining from 100% to 66% with complete @entity12297 -suppression in one case. Of 46 late @entity2212 @entity1 (greater than 12 months from diagnosis), 32 (70%) achieved @entity1939 with interferon alone or combined with chemotherapy. All 10 @entity1 with disease well controlled by chemotherapy obtained stable @entity1939 with interferon alone. Of 36 partial responders to conventional chemotherapy, 22 (61%) obtained @entity1939 on interferon plus low-dose @entity1862 . @entity12297 mosaicism was reached by 16 (35%) late @entity2212 @entity1 (median @entity12297 + cells 75%). Of nine accelerated phase @entity1 on interferon plus chemotherapy, one attained @entity1939 , and two responded partially. At a median follow up of 36 months, of 41 @entity1939 @entity1 in early @entity2212 , 15 are controlled on interferon, 12 have had autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and two allogeneic BMT. Blastic transformation (BT) has occurred in eight of 41 @entity1939 @entity1 (19%) versus 17 of 30 (57%) non-responders and partial responders to interferon. At a median follow up of 22 months, of 32 late @entity2212 @entity1 obtaining @entity1939 , 26 remain on interferon, one had allogeneic BMT, one had autologous BMT, and one developed BT (versus five out of 14 with less than @entity1939 ). These studies confirm the haematological and cytogenetic efficacy of interferon in CML and indicate that the disease status at the start of treatment is critical in determining the success of therapy.

title: Evolving modalities of treatment with interferon alfa-2b for @entity12297 -positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2212 :: ('MESH:D015466', 'Disease') :: ['chronic phase', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['complete haematological response', 'CHR']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukaemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity632 and @entity136 have promising antineoplastic activity and manageable @entity137 as a single agent in the treatment of @entity1 (pts) with @entity0 . AIM OF THE STUDY: This study evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of the combination of @entity136 plus @entity632 as first-line treatment of advanced or @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced or @entity0 received @entity136 1250mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8 plus @entity632 60mg/m2 IV on day 1 every 21 days for a maximum of 6 cycles. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were included, and all are evaluable for safety and efficacy. Median age was 47 years (range, 33 to 60 years). Fourteen @entity1 (40%) were post-and 21 (60%) were premenopausal. Prior treatment included mastectomy (23pts); adjuvant nonanthracycline containing combination chemotherapy (18pts); adjuvant hormonal therapy (3pts) and 2 pts did not receive any adjuvant therapy. Twelve @entity1 had metastatic disease at presentation. Seventeen pts were chemonaive. Hormonal receptors were positive in 6, negative in 21, and unknown in 8 pts. Site of @entity3 included one site in 15 pts, two sites in 14, and three sites in 6 pts. Complete remission was observed in 6/35 (17.1%) and partial remission in 14/35 (40%) pts, for an overall response rate of 57.1%. Stable disease was observed in 8 (22.9%) and progressive disease in 7 (20%) pts. The median time to @entity5 progression was 7 months (range, 5-23 months; 95% CI, 6-8 months) and the median survival time was 16 months (range, 6-43 months; 95% CI, 13-19 months). The overall survival at 1 and 2 years was 74.2% and 34.2%; respectively; with 4/35 (11.4%) @entity1 alive at 40 months. A total of 186 cycles of treatment were administered (range2-6 cycles, median 6 cycles). The doses of both @entity632 and @entity136 were modified after interim analysis of @entity137 following the first 22 cycles administered to the first 10 @entity1 [ @entity33 grade 3-4 occurred in 6/10 (60%), grade 3-4 @entity1398 in 3/10 (30%), and febrile @entity1398 grade 3 in 2/10 (20%) @entity1 ] to @entity632 50mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity136 to 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 in the remaining cycles. After doses reduction, the @entity137 was generally tolerable. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity136 plus @entity632 after doses modification can be safely administered every 21 days with promising response as first-line therapy for @entity0 . The response rate, time to disease progression and overall survival rates of this regimen are comparable to other standard therapies for @entity0 , as well as other @entity136 combinations.

title: @entity136 plus XXXX as first-line treatment in advanced or @entity0 ( @entity0 ), a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['MBC', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Circumscribed @entity320 usually arises in the bulbar conjunctiva and less often in the forniceal or palpebral conjunctiva. After simple superficial removal, employed by many ophthalmologists, these @entity5 have an increased tendency toward local recurrence and distant @entity3 . A surgical procedure designed to remove the @entity5 completely and minimize the changes of recurrence would be desirable. The authors employed a surgical approach to @entity320 excision, which they believe insures more @entity5 removal and decreases the chances of recurrence and @entity3 . The surgical management of @entity320 in the limbal region of the bulbar conjunctiva consists of localized @entity167 epitheliectomy, removal of the mass by a partial lamellar scleroconjunctivectomy, and supplemental double freeze-thaw cryotherapy to the adjacent remaining conjunctiva by a specific technique. For @entity5 located in the forniceal or palpebral conjunctiva, wide surgical resection with @entity167 treatment to the scleral base and cryotherapy to the surrounding conjunctiva is performed. A "no touch" technique is employed and direct manipulation of the @entity5 is strictly avoided in an effort to prevent @entity5 cell seeding into a new area. The technique currently employed has evolved from experience with circumscribed @entity320 excision during a 20-year period. About 80 @entity1 had circumscribed @entity320 unassociated with appreciable primary acquired @entity1709 . Although it is not the purpose of this article on surgical technique to provided a detailed statistical analysis of the results, the authors currently believe that this technique should be employed in all cases of circumscribed lesions in which @entity320 is a diagnostic consideration. Incisional biopsy and frozen sections are generally not advisable. Preliminary observations suggest that this method decreases the chances of local recurrence.

title: Surgical management of circumscribed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'conjunctival melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['conjunctival melanomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A large number of transplantation centres consider extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as an inappropriate option for bridging critical @entity1 to lung transplantation. Technical improvements such as the introduction of a @entity52174 membrane, new centrifugal pumps and heparin-coated circuits have led to a safer application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and an increasing number of centres are reporting their positive experiences. The aim of this study was to review our practice in bridging critical candidates to lung transplantation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, by comparing @entity1 with invasive mechanical ventilation with @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1353 . METHODS: The records of candidates for lung transplantation treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have been revised. RESULTS: From February 2008 to 2012, 11 @entity1 who experienced an abrupt worsening of their respiratory conditions were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; mean age: 33.9    13.2 years, male/female ratio: 5/6, 6 @entity1 were affected by @entity1577 , 2 had chronic rejection after transplantation, 2 had @entity3794 and 1 had @entity785 . Seven @entity1 were awake, while 4 @entity1 received invasive mechanical ventilation. The sequential organ failure assessment score significantly increased during bridging time and this increase was significantly higher in the intubated @entity1 . All the @entity1 had bilateral lung transplantation. Spontaneously @entity1353 @entity1 showed a tendency to require a shorter duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay and hospital stay after transplantation. One-year survival rate was 85.7% in @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1353 vs 50% in @entity1 with invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in spontaneously @entity1353 @entity1 is a feasible, effective and safe bridge to lung transplantation.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with spontaneous XXXX as a bridge to lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity52174 :: ('MESH:C021245', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylpentene']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: Nontypeable @entity327 (NTHI) causes @entity281 that feature the formation of biofilm communities. NTHI variants within biofilms have on their surfaces lipooligosaccharides containing @entity3167 ( @entity33944 ) and @entity2945 (PCho). Our work showed that NeuAc promotes biofilm formation, but we observed no defect in the initial stages of biofilm formation for mutants lacking PCho. In this study, we asked if alterations in NTHI PCho content affect later stages of biofilm maturation. Biofilm communities were compared for NTHI 2019 and isogenic mutants that either lacked PCho (NTHI 2019 licD) or were constitutively locked in the PCho-positive phase (NTHI 2019 lic(ON)). Transformants expressing green fluorescent protein were cultured in continuous-flow biofilms and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. COMSTAT was used to quantify different biofilm parameters. PCho expression correlated significantly with increased biofilm thickness, surface coverage, and total biomass, as well as with a decrease in biofilm roughness. Comparable results were obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of thin sections of biofilms by transmission electron microscopy revealed shedding of outer membrane vesicles by NTHI bacteria within biofilms and staining of matrix material with @entity3739 red in biofilms formed by NTHI 2019 lic(ON). The biofilms of all three strains were comparable in viability, the presence of extracellular DNA, and the presence of sialylated moieties on or between bacteria. In vivo infection studies using the chinchilla model of @entity2346 media showed a direct correlation between PCho expression and biofilm formation within the middle-ear chamber and an inverse relationship between PCho and persistence in the planktonic phase in middle-ear effusions. Collectively, these data show that PCho correlates with, and may promote, the maturation of NTHI biofilms. Further, this structure may be disadvantageous in the planktonic phase.

title: @entity2945 expression by nontypeable XXXX correlates with maturation of biofilm communities in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infections']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1372 - @entity3884 exchange (NHE) activation is a major mechanism of @entity299 produced by @entity63 and reperfusion. In addition, NHE may mediate the direct effects of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) in normally perfused hearts. The present study was done to determine whether @entity274 at low concentrations producing mild @entity296 affects post-ischemic recovery of function and to determine the ability of the NHE inhibitor @entity42720 to modulate this effect. METHODS: Isolated Langendorff-perfused @entity35 hearts with a left @entity661 to an initial end-diastolic pressure of 5 mmHg were subjected to 90 min of global zero-flow @entity63 followed by 60 min reperfusion. In Study 1, hearts were randomized for perfusion with or without @entity274 (20 microM) for 15 min before @entity63 and throughout reperfusion. In Study 2, identical experiments were done except that the hearts were pretreated with the NHE inhibitor @entity42720 (5 microM). Function was assessed by determining intraventricular pressures. RESULTS: Recovery of developed pressure in Study 1 after 10 min reperfusion was 60.3 +/- 8% of pre-ischemic values in control hearts whereas this was reduced to 29.9 +/- 10% in hearts treated with @entity274 (P < 0.05). After 60 min of reperfusion recovery of developed pressure was 80.3 +/- 5.2% and 60.7 +/- 7% in control and @entity274 -treated hearts, respectively (P < 0.05). Recovery of rates of pressure development (+dP/dt) and relaxation (-dP/dt) paralleled the effects seen with developed pressure. Moreover, these effects were associated with significantly elevated end-diastolic pressure during the last 20 min of reperfusion. In Study 2, @entity42720 completely prevented the deleterious effect of @entity274 , both with respect to ventricular recovery and to the elevation in end-diastolic pressure during reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that very low concentrations of @entity274 significantly impair recovery of function in this @entity35 model of @entity741 -reperfusion. Moreover, our results suggest that this effect is likely dependent on NHE activity and can be prevented by treatment with the NHE inhibitor @entity42720 .

title: @entity273 induced impairment of post-ischemic ventricular function is prevented by the @entity1372 - @entity3884 exchange inhibitor XXXX ( @entity42720 ).

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial depression']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular balloon inflated']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

answer: @entity42720 :: (MESH:C093373,Chemical) :: ['HOE 642']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term visual field outcome in primary @entity1538 . METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 40 eyes of 40 @entity1 with primary @entity1538 with @entity2790 and a minimum of 8-year longitudinal series of visual fields were plotted with Goldmann perimeter. Eyes with any other @entity2194 except @entity231 were excluded. Manual grid templates were used to quantify the visual fields. Linear regression was performed to estimate the rate of @entity227 . Pertinent clinical factors were evaluated for statistical association with the rate of decline. Long-term clinical outcome including visual acuity, rate of @entity1939 , and rate of medical and surgical interventions was also measured. RESULTS: In the 40 eyes studied, with a mean follow-up of 14 years, the visual field score decreased at the rate of -1.5% per year. Overall, 68% showed significant decrease, and the rate of decrease among these eyes was -2.1% per year. Five eyes became @entity1939 from @entity726 ; the cumulative rate of @entity1939 from @entity726 was 19% at 22 years. @entity2790 and greater number of antiglaucoma medications on initial presentation were associated with @entity227 (compared with the average), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With @entity726 therapy, the rate of @entity227 in primary @entity1538 is slow. @entity2790 and more antiglaucoma medications are associated with slower @entity227 . @entity1939 from @entity726 is 19% over a follow-up of 22 years.

title: Rate of @entity227 and long-term visual outcome in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field decline', 'visual field loss', 'faster and slower deterioration of visual field']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['standard glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legally blind', 'Legal blindness', 'legal blindness', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Higher intraocular pressure', 'Lower intraocular pressure', 'elevated intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Laparoscopic treatment of @entity3610 is a less invasive technique than ovarian wedge resection by laparotomy and is associated with less adhesion formation. Furthermore, the results appear to be superior. The purpose of the current study was to determine the changes in the ovarian volume and the reproductive outcome after laparoscopic treatment of @entity3610 . We studied 34 @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) who failed to ovulate with @entity4082 and who subsequently underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling. A standard procedure was done by a single surgeon using an insulated needle electrode. In six @entity1 , ultrasound examination was performed to determine three-dimensional volume before surgery, and 1 week and 3 weeks postoperatively. Preoperative volume was 12.2 _plusmn; 1.8 cm3 and 1 week after surgery it was 13.6 _plusmn; 1.5 cm3. The ovarian volume 3 weeks after surgery (6.9 _plusmn; 1.3 cm3) was significantly smaller than that before surgery (p <0.05). Ovulation after the procedure occurred in 30 @entity1 (88.2%). Using life table analysis, the cumulative probability of conception at 12-month follow-up was 70% (median 8.1 mo). Two @entity1 (6%) who did not ovulate with gonadotropin previously refused further expectant treatment after surgery and conceived in the first cycle of gonadotropin treatment. Aside from these @entity1 , the majority of pregnancies (76%) occurred spontaneously, and 18% conceived with @entity4082 . We observed for the first time that there is a temporary swelling of the ovary after laparoscopic ovarian drilling. Subsequently, the volume decreases to the size smaller than the preoperative volume. Laparoscopic treatment of @entity3610 in @entity1 with @entity3610 who fail @entity4082 therapy is associated with an ovulation rate of 88.2% and a pregnancy rate of 70% at 12-month follow-up.

title: Reproductive Performance and Three-Dimension-Ultrasound Volume Determination of XXXX after Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'polycystic ovaries', 'PCOS']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['Polycystic Ovaries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the microstructural differences and responsible mechanisms in early bone formation in anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) in the spine using rhBMP-2 (INFUSE), @entity1641 bone protein extract (COLLOSS E) or autograft. METHODS: Twelve Danish female landrace @entity1707 underwent a 3-level ALIF procedure at L3-6. PEEK interbody cages packed with rhBMP-2, COLLOSS E, or autograft were inserted. The animals were divided into two groups of six, and observed for four and eight weeks postoperatively. MicroCT was performed for evaluation of microstructure of the bone within the cage. A mathematical finite element model was developed to investigate the aqueous behavior within the cages when exposed to external compressive forces. RESULTS: At 4 weeks postoperative bone surface volume fraction (BS/TV) using rhBMP-2 was higher than with use of COLLOSS E and autograft, while trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) was lower using rhBMP-2 at this time-point. At eight weeks BS/TV and trabecular number (Tb.N.) were still higher using rhBMP-2 than autograft and COLLOSS E. Connectivity density was significantly higher using rhBMP-2 than using autograft or COLLOSS E at both time-points. Between four- and eight-week time-points BV/TV and Tb.Th. rose while Tb.N. declined using rhBMP-2. The degree of anisotropy and the calculated amount of trabeculae with main direction along the @entity4681 , were higher at four weeks using COLLOSS E. rhBMP-2 had the highest amount of trabeculae directed along the @entity4681 at eight weeks. A change in main direction between four and eight weeks was observed for both autograft and rhBMP-2. The numerical results from the finite element model verify that significantly different flow pattern emerges as the boundary conditions are altered. At four weeks there was an evident correlation between trabecular orientation and flow pattern using rhBMP-2. CONCLUSION: This study reveals large differences in microstructure in the early osteogenesis and explains important mechanisms of early bone formation using rhBMP-2, COLLOSS E or autograft treatment. These differences might explain some of the unfortunate events reported such as @entity4 , @entity4 , and excessive bone formation using different bone graft substitutes in spinal fusion procedures.

title: Differences in early osteogenesis and bone micro-architecture in anterior lumbar interbody fusion with rhBMP-2, XXXX bone protein extract, and autograft.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal axis']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']