abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular genetic analysis is the only method that allows accurate detection of @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) carriers. Nevertheless, its application is restricted to those families in which the affected @entity1 holds known mutations. Since most Chilean @entity1577 @entity1 already studied are heterozygous and carry a mutation not yet characterized, direct identification of carriers is limited. Linkage analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP), using DNA markers closely linked to the @entity5174 gene, is a useful tool for the detection of carriers in families in which the @entity1 carries an unknown mutation. AIM: To emphasize the usefulness of KM19 and MetH markers for RFLP analysis in extended genealogies in order to identify carriers of unknown mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Selection of three families, in which a sibling of an index case, identified as EthF-508/unknown mutation, could not be identified as heterozygous carrier or a normal homozygous. Haplotypic characterization for KM19 and MetH markers was performed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA followed by allele specific restriction enzymatic digestion. RESULTS: The siblings of two families were identified as carriers and the sibling of the third family was identified as normal. CONCLUSIONS: KM19 and MetH haplotypic analysis provided a rapid method for carrier detection in the families under study. The analysis may be used as a supplement to direct genetic diagnosis and be helpful in genetic counseling.

title: [Indirect @entity1577 carrier detection in two Chilean families by analysis of DNA polymorphisms closely linked to the XXXX gene].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'Cystic Fibrosis']

answer: @entity5174 :: (1080,Gene) :: ['CFTR']


abstract: @entity10306 (casein kinase II) is normally a heterotetramer composed of catalytic (alpha, alpha') and regulatory subunits (beta). CK2 is able to phosphorylate a large number of protein substrates but the physiological mechanisms of its regulation are still unresolved. @entity376 -rich peptides such as @entity7055 and histone H1 are known to stimulate the catalytic activity of the holoenzyme. This activation is mediated through the @entity37822 regulatory subunit. In this communication, we report that the same concentrations of @entity376 -rich peptides or proteins that activate the holoenzyme cause strong inhibition of the phosphorylation of proteins catalyzed by the free catalytic CK2alpha subunit. The inhibitory effect of @entity7055 and histone H1 is observed with several protein substrates of CK2alpha (casein, adeno E1A, transcription factor II A, and @entity37822 itself). With calmodulin, however, the inhibition of CK2alpha phosphorylation caused by @entity7055 is much lower while with a model peptide substrate of CK2 the inhibition caused by this polycation is negligible. The inhibition of CK2alpha by @entity7055 is observed only at limiting concentrations of the target substrate proteins. The dual effect of @entity7055 and of histone H1, which results in the inhibition of CK2alpha and stimulation of the CK2 alpha(2)beta(2) tetrameric holoenzyme, has the consequence that the addition of the @entity37822 , in the presence of @entity7055 and low concentrations of substrate protein, can cause a 242-fold stimulation of the activity of CK2alpha. Other polycationic compounds such as @entity10504 and @entity8037 do not inhibit the phosphorylation of casein by CK2alpha, indicating that the effect is specific for @entity376 -rich peptides. Since there is evidence that there may be free CK2alpha subunits in the nuclei of cells, where there is abundant histone H1, the inhibition of CK2alpha by this @entity376 -rich protein may have physiological relevance.

title: Dual effect of XXXX -rich polypeptides on the activity of @entity10306 .

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity10504 :: ('MESH:C015462', 'Chemical') :: ['polyarginine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysine', 'lysine']

entities_list: @entity7055 :: ('MESH:D011107', 'Chemical') :: ['polylysine']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7293 Background: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare database (SEER), a population-based study, reported lower resection and survival rates for @entity3004 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). This study was designed determine if such disparity also exists at Albert Einstein Medical Center (AEMC), a tertiary-care urban hospital. The study objectives are (1) to compare resection and 5-year survival rates for non-Hispanic whites (W) @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ); (2) to learn why eligible @entity1 did not have surgery; and (3) to compare resection and survival rates with SEER. METHODS: Demographic data was collected from AEMC @entity5 registry for stage I and II @entity1149 from 1997-2001. From retrospective chart review, comorbidity score was determined using the Charlson Index. Actuarial survival curves were computed using Kaplan-Meier method and compare by log-rank statistic. The comparison population was the SEER data (NEJM 341:1198-1205, 1999). RESULTS: Of 176 @entity1 , 90 (51% W and 987 (49%) @entity3004 , no difference was found in resection rate and 5-year survival (56% W vs. 52% @entity3004 ; 27%W vs. 28% @entity3004 ). Among those not operated, 65% had medical contraindications, 12% refused, 3% had @entity146 contraindications, and the other reasons were unknown. Reasons given for refusal included: concerns of age, adverse experiences of others, and misconceptions of @entity5 spread with surgery. Compared to the SEER data, resection rate and 5-year overall survival was lower at AEMC (76% vs. 54%, p<0.01; 33% vs. 27%). CONCLUSIONS: The AEMC data show no difference in the resection rates or survival for @entity3004 , compared to W. However, our resection rate is lower than that of the SEER. This apparent difference may largely be related to greater medical comorbidity in the AEMC study population when compared with the SEER. [Table: see text].

title: XXXX : Do African Americans really do worse?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['and African-Americans', 'AA', 'African-Americans']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The relationship between periarticular @entity170 in the distal forearm and joint @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is not sufficiently elucidated. From a single institutional cohort study, we found a strong correlation between periarticular forearm @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and joint @entity73 . INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to investigate (1) the difference between various periarticular regions of interest (ROIs) of @entity79 of the forearm, (2) the correlation between periarticular forearm @entity79 and joint destruction and physical function, (3) the independent variables for predicting @entity79 of the forearm, and (4) the forearm @entity79 of different ROIs in the early stage of @entity309 . METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in an @entity309 cohort. Measurements included @entity79 of the distal forearm, joint destruction of the hands assessed by modified total Sharp score (mTSS), functional impairment assessed by a @entity283 ( @entity283 ), and other clinical data. Variables affecting the forearm @entity79 values were analyzed by correlation and stepwise regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the 405 @entity1 enrolled in the present study, 370 (average age; 62.9  years) were identified as having definite @entity309 with a complete set of data. @entity79 in the distal end of the forearm (BMDud) was significantly reduced compared with that in the distal third of the forearm (BMD1/3). In a stepwise regression analysis, the mTSS in BMD1/3 was an independent predicting variable, while age and partial @entity283 scores associated with the upper extremity were common independent variables in BMDud and BMD1/3. BMDud was significantly less than BMD1/3, even in @entity1 with a short duration of the disease. BMD1/3 was significantly less in non-remission group compared with that in remission group in @entity1 with a short duration of the disease. CONCLUSION: Periarticular @entity79 in the distal forearm is closely correlated with joint @entity73 in @entity309 . Periarticular @entity79 in the distal forearm may be already reduced at the clinical manifestation of the disease.

title: Periarticular @entity170 of the forearm correlated with joint @entity73 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HAQ', 'health assessment questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['destruction and functional impairment', 'destruction or functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Although @entity5 is rare in @entity1 , primary @entity1313 constitute the most frequent location of @entity5 in childhood. @entity6196 ( @entity6196 ) of the central nervous system can be divided into infratentorial @entity6196 or @entity2946 ( @entity2946 ), and supratentorial (sPNET) @entity5 . Although @entity2946 and sPNET are histologically similar, clinical evolution differs, sPNET being more aggressive than @entity2946 . Some studies have suggested that @entity2946 and sPNET present different molecular genetic aberrations. The @entity15893 (Ras Association Domain Family Protein 1) gene, located at 3p21.3, is highly methylated in multiple @entity5 samples, including @entity521 . In order to define whether there are genetic differences in the methylation frequency of @entity15893 between @entity2946 and sPNET, we analyzed 32 @entity6196 paraffin-embedded samples (23 @entity2946 and 9 sPNET) by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). We also analyzed @entity15893 expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in five @entity6196 cell lines. All @entity6196 cell lines showed lack of @entity15893 expression that was correlated with @entity15893 promoter hypermethylation. @entity15893 methylation was detected in 19 of 21 @entity2946 cases (91%) and in five of six sPNET samples (83%). Although the methylation frequency found in @entity2946 was slightly higher than in sPNET, no statistical differences were found for the @entity15893 hypermethylation frequency (P > 0.05) presented at @entity2946 versus sPNET. Therefore, the inactivation of the @entity15893 gene seems to be an important step in the tumorigenesis of @entity6196 of the central nervous sytem. More studies should be performed in order to determine genetic differences between @entity2946 and sPNET.

title: XXXX promoter is highly methylated in primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['PNET', 'Primitive neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'MB']

answer: @entity15893 :: (11186,Gene) :: ['RASSF1A']


abstract: AIM: To examine the relative contributions of early life and adult life factors to risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in middle-aged @entity1 using migration within Great Britain (GB). METHODS: Prospective study of 7,735 @entity1 (40-59 years) drawn from one group practice in each of 24 British towns. Zones of birth and/or examination: South of England and rest of GB (Midlands and Wales, North of England, and Scotland). RESULTS: There were 1,392 @entity301 ( @entity301 ) events and 1154 cardiovascular deaths during 21.8 years mean follow-up. Regardless of birth zone, @entity1 examined in the South showed lower risk of @entity301 events and @entity65 mortality than those examined in the rest of GB. Migrants from South to rest of GB showed a small increase in cardiovascular risk. @entity1 born and examined in the rest of GB showed the highest adjusted risk of @entity301 events (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.96-1.38) and @entity65 mortality (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.57). @entity1 born in the rest of GB who moved to the South showed adjusted risks of @entity301 events and @entity65 mortality similar to those born and examined in the South. Zone of examination was more strongly associated with @entity301 events and @entity65 mortality than zone of birth (RR = 1.23 versus 0.95 for @entity301 ; RR = 1.26 versus 1.04 for @entity65 mortality). Smokers, irrespective of zone of birth or examination, showed higher risk than non-smokers. CONCLUSION: Factors in adult life appear to be dominant in determining cardiovascular risk in middle and older age although this does not exclude early life effects on cardiovascular risk.

title: Migration within Great Britain and XXXX : early life and adult environmental factors.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) represents one of the most commonly diagnosed @entity5 worldwide. It is the second leading cause of @entity5 death in Western Countries. In the last decade the survival of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 has improved dramatically. Due to the advent of new drugs ( @entity2600 and @entity901 ) and target therapies (i.e., bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumab), the median overall survival has risen from about 12 mo in the mid nineties to 30 mo recently. Many questions needing of right collocations and more @entity16488 still exist regarding the prognostic factors and the predictive factors of response to therapy. Despite advances in dosing and scheduling of chemotherapy in both adjuvant and advanced settings, and a greater emphasis on early detection, the outlook still remains poor for most @entity1 . Molecular analyses have shown that the natural history of all CRCs is not the same. Individual @entity1 with same stage @entity5 may have different long term prognosis and response to therapy. In addition, some prognostic variables are likely to be more important than others. Here we review the role of prognostic factors and predictive factors according to the recently published English literature.

title: Prognostic and predictive response factors in XXXX @entity1 : between hope and reality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity5609 ( @entity9700 ), a gram-negative enteric bacterium, frequently causes @entity293 . Many virulence factors of uropathogenic @entity9700 have been identified, including urease, flagella, hemolysin and fimbriae. However, the functions of polyphosphate kinase (PPK), which are related to the pathogenicity of many bacteria, remain entirely unknown in @entity9700 . In this study, a ppk gene encoding the PPK insertional mutant in @entity44638 was constructed, and its biological functions were examined. The results of survival studies demonstrated that the ppk mutant was deficient in resistance to oxidative, hyperosmotic and heat stress. The swarming and biofilm formation abilities of @entity9700 were also attenuated after the ppk interruption. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that ppk was required for @entity9700 to invade the bladder. The negative phenotypes of the ppk mutant could be restored by ppk gene complementation. Furthermore, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the proteomes of the wild-type strain and the ppk mutant. Compared with the wild-type strain,  seven proteins including TonB-dependent receptor, universal stress protein G, major @entity3913 -resistant/Proteus-like fimbrial protein (MR/P fimbriae), @entity1457 protein, flagellar capping protein, putative membrane protein and multidrug efflux protein were down-regulated, and  four proteins including exported peptidase, repressor protein for FtsI, FKBP-type peptidyl- @entity10783 cis-trans isomerase and phosphotransferase  were up-regulated in the ppk mutant. As a whole, these results indicate that PPK is an important regulator and plays a crucial role in stress tolerance and virulence in uropathogenic @entity9700 .

title: Involvement of polyphosphate kinase in virulence and stress tolerance of uropathogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity5609 :: (584,Species) :: ['Proteus mirabilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity134 -induced @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common clinical disease, with a high disability rate. At present, efficient prevention and treatment of @entity134 -induced ONFH is still lacking. The @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) is recognized as an important pathogenic gene for the development of @entity134 -induced ONFH. RNA interference (RNAi) is a tool for functional gene analysis, which has been successfully used to down-regulate the levels of specific target proteins. Therefore, down-regulation of @entity6864 expression by RNAi may prevent the incidence of @entity134 -induced ONFH. METHODS: According to the principles of siRNA design, three duplex siRNA sequences (971 - 989, 1253 - 1271 and 1367 - 1385) derived from the @entity6864 gene (NM_001082148) were synthesized. These duplexes were annealed, purified and ligated into 1.0-cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) shuttle vector. The shuttle vector was transfected into HEK293 cells. The HEK293 generated recombinant adenovirus vector carrying @entity6864 siRNA sequences was purified and the titer of recombinant adenovirus was determined. RESULTS: After the annealing of single-strand DNA oligo encoding short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences, products were identified by gel electrophoresis. These products were ligated into the 1.0- @entity2834 shuttle vector and the recombinant shuttle vectors 1.0- @entity2834 -971, 1.0- @entity2834 -1253 and 1.0- @entity2834 -1367 were constructed. These sequences of these recombinant vectors were confirmed. We then successfully constructed the recombinant adenovirus vector carrying siRNA targeting @entity6864 . After purification, the virus titer was higher than 10(10) plaque forming unit (PFU)/ml. CONCLUSION: In this study, three recombinant adenovirus shuttle vectors carrying siRNA targeting @entity6864 , including shuttle vectors 1.0- @entity2834 -971, 1.0- @entity2834 -1253 and 1.0- @entity2834 -1367, were successfully constructed and high titers of recombinant adenovirus were obtained.

title: Construction and identification of the recombinant adenovirus vector carrying a small interfering RNA targeting the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['PPARy', 'peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity6864 :: (5468,Gene) :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y']


abstract: In 499 @entity1 operated on for @entity231 , the clinical postoperative signs of extraocular @entity32 (conjunctival hyperaemia, chemosis, discharge and @entity4 of the lids), the number of infiltrates around the corneoscleral sutures, and the severity of @entity32 in the anterior chamber (aqueous-flare) were assessed on the fourth postoperative day and correlated with the bacterial conjunctival flora examined both qualitatively and quantitatively on the same day. @entity1 with potential pathogens ( @entity794 , gram-negative bacilli and streptococci) on the conjunctiva following operation did not show any increased inflammatory reactions when compared with those without such pathogen. The quantity of bacteria, i.e. number of colonies, did not appear to play a role. The reasons are discussed. The clinical postoperative inflammatory signs were further correlated with the following factors: surgical complications, quality of suturing technique, use of alpha chymotrypsin, @entity262 , sex and age. A positive correlation was found between the severity of extraocular @entity32 and retained lens material and hyphaema. Furthermore, extraocular reactions were more severe in males than in females. The incidence of infiltrates around corneoscleral sutures was found to vary with age, i.e. occurred more frequently in @entity1 less than 60 years. No relationship was found between the severity of aqueous-flare and the above mentioned factors.

title: Bacterial flora in relation to XXXX extraction. IV. Postoperative inflammation. The role of conjunctival bacteria and certain surgical factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Urokinase plasminogen activator ( @entity16372 ) and metalloproteinases (MMP) play key roles in invasion and @entity3 , degrading extracellular matrix compounds and modulating @entity5 cell motility. Their regulation is an attractive therapeutic target for controlling @entity5 @entity3 . Previously we have demonstrated that urokinase overexpression in @entity19 @entity5 cells is regulated by a @entity141 -dependent pathway and that blockage of @entity141 channels by @entity1855 partially inhibited their invasive and metastatic ability. Moreover, the catalytic inhibition of @entity16372 by a synthetic @entity16372 inhibitor @entity49993 reduced local @entity5 invasiveness but not @entity5 cell dissemination. We evaluated the effect of a combined treatment with @entity1855 and @entity49993 on the @entity19 @entity189 F3II behavior in vivo and in vitro. In vivo administration of the combined treatment was not associated to an overt @entity137 . Only the daily combined treatment, beginning after @entity5 take, reduced the incidence and the number of spontaneous lung @entity3 , while no differences were found in the subcutaneous growth of the @entity5 . Interestingly, a remarkable reduction in plasma @entity1235 activity was found associated to @entity3 impairment. In addition, the number of experimental lung metastases was also significantly diminished, with respect to the control group, only when both compounds were co-administered daily, beginning three days after i.v. @entity5 cell injection. In vitro, both compounds, either separately or combined, could inhibit secreted @entity16372 activity. F3II cell migration was significantly inhibited by incubation with 50 microM @entity1855 , 15 microM @entity49993 or the co-treatment with 7.5 microM @entity49993 + 25 microM @entity1855 . The cell spread was also significantly reduced when F3II cells were exposed to the compounds, with an additive effect when @entity49993 + @entity1855 combination was used. The combination of two compounds acting through different molecular targets may be useful to improve the control of metastatic dissemination.

title: Combined treatment with @entity1855 , a calcium channel blocker, and @entity49993 , a synthetic @entity16372 inhibitor, impairs the metastatic ability of a XXXX @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity20866 is a rare benign disease. We here in present the case of a 39-year-old @entity1 with a history of hysterectomy who presented with intermittent @entity490 , palpitations and tightness of the chest. Physical examination revealed the presence of a pelvic mass of regular shape. Gynecological ultrasonography, computed tomography scans and three-dimensional (3D) cardiac ultrasonography were used to evaluate the imaging characteristics of the mass and reach a final diagnosis. The mass appeared to extend to the iliac veins, renal veins and inferior vena cava on imaging examination. The mass was successfully excised under non-extracorporeal circulation in one stage. Pathological examination of @entity5 samples indicated @entity20866 . After the operation, the symptoms were dissipated and no abnormal echo was observed in the inferior vena cava or the right atrium on 3D-cardiac ultrasonography. The @entity1 is currently followed up without signs of recurrence. The aim of the present study was to describe in detail the diagnostic procedure and treatment in order to improve our current understanding of this disease.

title: Post-hysterectomy XXXX : A case of successful multidisciplinary surgery under non-extracorporeal circulation.

entities_list: @entity20866 :: ('MESH:D018231', 'Disease') :: ['intravenous leiomyomatosis', 'Intravenous leiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity20866 :: (MESH:D018231,Disease) :: ['intravenous leiomyomatosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the association between characteristics of individuals with @entity1566 and @entity3501 and their perceived quality of life. DESIGN/METHODS: The study design is an exploratory, descriptive correlational design. To measure the variables of the study the Quality of Life Survey developed by Randell et al. (2001) was used to measure perceived quality of life related to bowel management. Individual bowel management preferences and subjective costs and benefits of the preferences were gathered through the Neurogenic Bowel Characteristics Survey. @entity1 /METHOD: Data were collected from a random half of the individuals who met the inclusion criteria from the @entity1 database (n=1193). Two hundred and forty one surveys were analyzed for this study. DISCUSSION: More than half of the sample (n=134) provided their own bowel management consisting of digital stimulation, suppositories, and other aids; 8% (n=19) had a colostomy. Regardless of the bowel management program 54% (n=127) were satisfied with current methods. Although time reported to complete bowel programs ranged from 1 to 120 minutes, there was no difference in rating of satisfaction with time. There was a statistically significant difference between those satisfied and dissatisfied with current bowel management and quality of life; those satisfied demonstrated a higher quality of life on three subscales, work function (p= .021), bowel problems (p< .001), and social function (p< .001). Those dissatisfied with their bowel program perceived a lower quality of life and indicated problems of time (p= .001), @entity158 or discomfort (p= .033), and poor results (p< .001). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Research data provide the @entity1 's perspective on bowel management characteristics, complications, satisfaction, and their perceived quality of life. Results of this research will be incorporated into bowel management education and possible modification of the current inpatient bowel management program.

title: Characteristics of XXXX in @entity1566 and perceived quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity3501 :: ('MESH:D055496', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bowel']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity3501 :: (MESH:D055496,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bowel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although adverse birth outcomes have been associated with @entity1949 in urban areas, few studies have addressed this issue in rural zones. This study examines whether associations between @entity1949 and adverse birth outcomes differ in urban and rural contexts, while taking individual characteristics and @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ) into account. METHODS: Pregnant @entity1 from a French mother- @entity1 cohort were recruited from 2002 to 2006 in Brittany. Their residential addresses were geocoded into their census blocks (the finest geographical resolution available). Deprivation was assessed at the same neighbourhood level. Models to assess the associations of deprivation, stratified by urban/rural status, with @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ), with small for gestational age birth weight (SGA) and with small for gestational age head circumference at birth (SHC), estimated odds ratios (ORs), adjusted for maternal socioeconomic characteristics and @entity2414 . RESULTS: This study considered 2929 liveborn singleton pregnancies from 780 census blocks. @entity1949 was associated with increased risks of SGA and SHC (P trend   <   0.01 and 0.03 respectively), only among mothers residing in rural areas. @entity1949 had statistically significantly heterogeneous effects on SGA and SHC according to the urban/rural status of maternal residence. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity1949 affects fetal growth differentially in urban and rural areas and that @entity2414 does not seem to be responsible for this difference. Comparison of these findings with the literature requires caution in the conceptualisation of urban and rural settings.

title: Socioeconomic Disparities in Adverse Birth Outcomes in Urban and Rural Contexts: a French Mother- XXXX Cohort.

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['spatial accessibility of prenatal care', 'SAPC']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Neighbourhood deprivation', 'neighbourhood deprivation']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'PTD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: Intracavernous injection of vasoactive substances has been shown to be an effective means of treatment of @entity323 . However, up to 50% of @entity1 eventually discontinue treatment often because of lack of spontaneity and @entity913 . This study was done as a phase I, placebo controlled, nonblinded investigation of the safety and efficacy of a topical @entity3302 gel in the treatment of @entity323 . Of 20 @entity1 with @entity347 impotence 17 completed the trial and 13 of these @entity1 had @entity1566 . After application of a 15% and 20% @entity3302 base gel to the scrotum, perineum and penis, cavernous artery diameter was significantly increased (36%, p < 0.001) as assessed by color flow Doppler ultrasound. Peak systolic flow velocity increased 26%. Only 3 of 14 @entity1 achieved an increase in cavernous artery diameter of 75% or more and 2 of 14 had a peak systolic flow velocity of 25 cm. per second or more after application of a topical base gel. Similar findings were present when only the @entity1 with @entity1566 were analyzed. The effect of a @entity3302 base in producing flow alterations to the penis is dose-dependent. A diminution in blood pressure was present at 15 and 30 minutes after application to the forearm, and the heart rate diminished from 68 to 62 beats per minute after application to the genitalia. No @entity1 was symptomatic. Serum @entity3302 levels were not elevated over pre-application values. No hepatotoxic effects were demonstrated. Full clinical erections (mean duration 38.7 minutes) were present in 3 @entity1 but were also present with the placebo preparation (mean duration 8.0 minutes). In conclusion, topical @entity3302 gel appears to be safe and well tolerated after application to the genitalia, and increases blood flow to the penis with a 15% and 20% base preparation. Minimal systemic absorption occurs and, thus, effects are probably from local absorption. Topical therapy appears to augment reflex erections in the @entity1566 @entity1 and may be especially beneficial in this population. Further investigation is warranted at higher concentrations or in combination with different skin absorption enhancers.

title: @entity3302 topical gel for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'organic erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['needle phobia']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: The pathogenesis of 4 isolates of @entity233 -origin reovirus (NC/SEP-R44/03, NC/98, TX/98, and NC/85) and 1 @entity1573 -origin reovirus (1733) was examined by infecting specific pathogen free (SPF) poults. These @entity233 -origin reovirus ( @entity15510 ) isolates were collected from @entity233 flocks experiencing poult @entity1681 and are genetically distinct from previously reported avian reoviruses. Microscopic examination of the tissues collected from the @entity15510 -infected poults revealed @entity194 characterized by lymphoid depletion and increased fibroplasia between the bursal follicles. To understand the relationship between @entity778 spread and replication, and the induction of lesions, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for viral antigen, in situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of viral RNA, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for the detection of apoptosis in affected tissues was performed. Both IHC and ISH revealed viral antigen and RNA in the surface epithelial cells of the bursa, in macrophages in the interstitium of the bursa and, to lesser degree, in splenic red pulp macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Increased apoptosis of bursal lymphocytes and macrophages was observed at 2 and 5 days postinoculation. No lesions were found in tissues from poults inoculated with the virulent @entity1573 -origin strain, however viral antigen was detected in the bursa and the intestine. Although all TRVs studied displayed similar tissue tropism, there were substantial differences in the severity of the lesions produced. Poults inoculated with NC/SEP-R44/03 or NC/98 had moderate to severe @entity194 , whereas poults inoculated with TX/98 or NC/85 presented a mild to moderate @entity706 . The lymphoid depletion observed in the bursa appears to be the effect of an indirectly induced apoptosis and would most likely result in @entity1200 in poults infected with @entity15510 .

title: Pathology and XXXX tissue distribution of @entity233 origin reoviruses in experimentally infected @entity233 poults.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['bursal lymphoid depletion']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['different degrees of bursal atrophy', 'bursal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of clinic and ambulatory heart rate with total, cardiovascular, and @entity204 in a cohort of elderly subjects with isolated systolic @entity101 from the Systolic @entity101 in Europe Trial. METHODS: A total of 4682 @entity1 participated, whose untreated blood pressure on conventional measurement at baseline was 160 to 219 mm Hg systolic and lower than 95 mm Hg diastolic. Clinic heart rate was the mean of 6 readings during 3 visits. Ambulatory heart rate was recorded with a portable intermittent technique in 807 subjects. RESULTS: Raised baseline clinic heart rate was positively associated with a worse prognosis for total, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality among the 2293 @entity1 and @entity1 taking placebo. Subjects with heart rates higher than 79 beats/min (bpm) (top quintile) had a 1.89 times greater risk of mortality than subjects with heart rate lower than or equal to 79 bpm (95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.68 bpm). In a Cox regression analysis, predictors of time to death were heart rate (P<.001), age (P<.001), serum @entity1011 level (P =.001), presence of @entity6 (P =.002), previous @entity65 (P =.01), @entity412 readings (P =.02), smoking (P =.04), and elevated systolic blood pressure (P =.05), while total @entity165 level was found to be nonsignificant in the model. In the ambulatory monitoring subgroup, clinic and ambulatory heart rates predicted noncardiovascular but not cardiovascular mortality. However, in a Cox regression analysis in which clinic and ambulatory heart rates were included, a significant association with noncardiovascular mortality was found only for clinic heart rate (P =.004). In the active treatment group, the weak predictive power of clinic heart rate for mortality disappeared after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: In untreated older @entity1 with isolated systolic @entity101 , a clinic heart rate greater than 79 bpm was a significant predictor of all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality. Ambulatory heart rate did not add prognostic information to that provided by clinic heart rate.

title: Predictive value of clinic and ambulatory heart rate for mortality in elderly subjects with systolic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 2-fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the initial staging and prediction of bone @entity236 in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity706 . A total of 185 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity706 were enrolled. All @entity1 received PET/CT and @entity236 biopsy as part of a staging work-up. At the initial staging, 17 @entity1 (9.2%) with occult nodal or extranodal lesions were upstaged after a review of the PET/CT studies. PET/CT was found to be useful in the differentiation of @entity146 subtypes from the indolent subtype based on higher standardized uptake value (SUV) (16.67 vs. 7.98, p  <  0.001). The results of @entity236 biopsy and PET/CT in the detection of bone @entity236 were concordant in 152 @entity1 (82.1%); positive concordance was observed in 21 @entity1 , and negative concordance was observed in 131 @entity1 . A high concordance rate was found between aggressive @entity1892 and @entity978 (88.1% and 93.8%, respectively). High negative predictive values (NPVs) for excluding bone @entity236 were observed in @entity1892 (93.2%) and @entity978 (100%). Diffuse @entity236 FDG uptake accurately predicted @entity236 in @entity1892 with a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 100%. The concordance rate was lower in indolent @entity1892 (66.0%). In conclusion, PET/CT resulted in the upstaging of @entity1 with occult extranodal or nodal lesions. A high SUV level can predict @entity146 and detect aggressive components in @entity706 . PET/CT had a high @entity2286 for @entity1892 with diffuse @entity236 FDG uptake and high NPVs for excluding bone @entity236 in @entity1892 and @entity978 . Bone marrow biopsy may be omitted for the above subgroups of @entity1 with medical conditions not suitable for this procedure. For @entity1 with indolent @entity1892 , @entity236 biopsy is still an indispensable procedure for staging.

title: Utilization of (18)F-FDG PET/CT as a staging tool in @entity1 with newly diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'indolent lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive subtype of lymphoma', 'aggressive lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma', 'B-cell lymphoma', 'aggressive B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow involvement', 'bone marrow']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 with papillary @entity1204 were studied. Forty-five were followed for at least five years or until @entity204 , and 41 were followed for 10 years. The remaining @entity1 was alive at four years. The survival rate was 51.1% at five years and 46.3% at 10 years. At five years one-third had died of their disease. The median age at time of diagnosis was 63 years, and the age at diagnosis was an important determinant of survival. None of the seven black @entity1 survived for five years. @entity5 grade was an important predictor of the course of disease and nuclear grading was a significantly more accurate indicator than was the histologic grading of the World Health Organization. @entity1377 should be distinguished from the papillary type of clear cell @entity1204 . While it has a somewhat better prognosis than mixed @entity1962 or @entity1358 , it appears to be more aggressive with a lower survival rate and higher rate of @entity204 from disease than the usual type of @entity1204 or adenoacanthoma.

title: XXXX . II. Papillary adenocarcinoma: a clinical pathological study, 46 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'carcinoma of the endometrium']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the endometrium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10751 ( @entity10751 ; OMIM # 223900) is an @entity74 with features of @entity158 and temperature perception and lack of functional muscle spindles. After 3 @entity10751 @entity1 presented with @entity5925 in a short time span, we aimed to determine the frequency of @entity5925 is this population. METHODS: This study was a retrospective chart review of 665 @entity10751 @entity1 . RESULTS: Eight @entity1 had at least 1 episode of @entity5925 . Two @entity1 had 2 episodes. The average incidence of @entity5925 in @entity10751 was 7.5 per 10,000 @entity1 -years. By comparison, the average incidence with statins has been reported to be 0.44 per 10,000 @entity1 -years. Mean maximum @entity908 kinase (CK) level was 32,714        64,749 U/L. Three @entity1 had hip magnetic resonance imaging showing gluteal hyperintensities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity10751 have an increased incidence of @entity5925 . We hypothesize that this may result from a combination of absent functional muscle spindles and muscle mitochondrial abnormalities. Muscle Nerve, 2015.

title: Increased frequency of XXXX in @entity10751 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity10751 :: ('MESH:D004402', 'Disease') :: ['Familial dysautonomia', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['impaired pain']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the clinico-biological characteristics at diagnosis, the clinical course, and the response to splenectomy of a series of @entity1 with @entity7276 ( @entity7276 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical records of 61 @entity1 diagnosed of @entity7276 along 30 years were reviewed. The diagnosis was based upon the existence of family history, physical findings, blood cell examination, reticulocyte count, peripheral blood spherocytes, red-cell osmotic fragility, auto-haemolysis, serum @entity2104 , LDH, non-conjugated @entity648 and direct anti-human globulin test. Data regarding the time of diagnosis and clinical course were taken into account in every case. Within the sub-group of 29 @entity1 undergoing splenectomy, the changes in haemoglobin rates and reticulocyte and platelet counts after surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 61 @entity1 , 35 were @entity1 and 26 @entity1 ; the median age at diagnosis was 13 years (range: 0-64 years). Family history was positive in only 40% of the cases. The mean haemoglobin rate was 112 g/L (range: 46-151 g/L), over 60% of the @entity1 having @entity417 . The mean reticulocyte count was 282 x 10(9)/L (range: 31-583 x 10(9)/L), this being above 100 x 10(9)/L in 91% of the cases. Red-cell osmotic fragility with fresh blood was increased in 86% of the cases, and in 97% after blood incubation. Serum haptoglobins were decreased, whereas LDH was increased in 58% of the @entity1 and non-conjugated @entity648 in 72%. @entity381 appeared in the clinical course in 87% of the @entity1 ; @entity2963 was present in 31.5% of them. Haemoiytic crises were seen in 45% of @entity1 , aplastic phases in 7%, and transfusion was needed by 16% of the @entity1 to variable extents. Splenectomy was performed in 50% of the instances before 14 years of age (range: 4-64 years), and it increased haemoglobin rates in 40 g/L, @entity417 being corrected in all cases; the mean reticulocyte count returned to normal, but @entity1148 developed after surgery, it being present in 82% of the cases 2-3 months later. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Wide clinical variability is seen in @entity7276 , from severe forms requiring frequent transfusion to asymptomatic cases. (2) Highly frequent findings in @entity7276 are reticulocytosis and @entity381 ; relatively frequent were @entity417 , @entity2142 and @entity2963 , in this order. (3) @entity417 was always corrected after splenectomy, which also rose the haemoglobin rate even in the cases without @entity417 , and returned the reticulocyte count to normal values.

title: [ XXXX : clinical characteristics and treatment with splenectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity7276 :: ('MESH:D013103', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary spherocytosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly', 'Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic crisis']

answer: @entity7276 :: (MESH:D013103,Disease) :: ['Hereditary spherocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32789 ( @entity32789 ) is produced by reactive astrocytes in the injured brain and has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. The neuroprotective effects of @entity32789 can be replicated in vitro which suggests that @entity32789 may act directly on injured neurons. However, @entity32789 is also known to modulate the immune system and inflammatory processes mediated by the immune system can exacerbate @entity1545 . The present study tests the hypothesis that @entity32789 may have an indirect neuroprotective action via modulation of the immune system. METHODS: Wild type and @entity32789 (-/-) @entity19 were administered cryolesion @entity1545 and the progression of @entity1545 was compared by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. The levels of circulating leukocytes in the two strains were compared by flow cytometry and plasma cytokines were assayed by immunoassay. RESULTS: Comparison of @entity32789 (-/-) @entity19 with wild type controls following cryolesion @entity1545 revealed that the @entity32789 (-/-) @entity19 only showed increased rates of @entity528 after 7 days post-injury (DPI). This coincided with increases in numbers of T cells in the injury site, increased @entity2047 levels in plasma and increased circulating leukocyte numbers in @entity32789 (-/-) @entity19 which were only significant at 7 DPI relative to wild type @entity19 . Examination of mRNA for the marker of alternatively activated macrophages, @entity18444 , revealed a decreased expression level in circulating monocytes and brain of @entity32789 (-/-) @entity19 that was independent of @entity1545 . CONCLUSIONS: These results contribute to the evidence that @entity32789 (-/-) @entity19 have altered immune system function and provide a new hypothesis that this alteration is partly responsible for the differences observed in @entity32789 (-/-) @entity19 after @entity1545 relative to wild type @entity19 .

title: Increased circulating leukocyte numbers and altered macrophage phenotype correlate with the altered immune response to XXXX in metallothionein (MT)-I/II null mutant @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron death']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed is whether @entity1 with @entity697 have a better outcome after total arch replacement. Altogether, 138 papers were found using the reported search, of which 8 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country they are from, @entity1 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. All studies are retrospective. Five representative studies reported that total arch replacement could be performed safely without increasing operative mortality and morbidity compared with hemiarch replacement, but with an overall longer time of cardiopulmonary bypass and @entity1167 . The other three reports documented an apparently higher early mortality rate in the total arch group than in the hemiarch group. In terms of long-term results, freedom from reoperation on the distal aorta is similar for @entity1 treated with total arch replacement and with hemiarch replacement at 5 and 10 years in four papers. As for the false lumen, three reports documented that the rate of complete @entity715 of the false lumen in the proximal descending aorta was significantly higher in the total arch group than in the hemiarch group (P <0.05). Only one study reported similar rates of complete @entity715 formation of the distal aorta in the two groups at different follow-up points (P >0.05). The remaining four reports did not provide information about the false lumen. Evidence for long-term outcomes, albeit limited, has proved that better results of @entity715 of the false lumen can be achieved with a more extensive total arch repair. Although the literature shows no advantage of the total arch over a more limited approach, the more extensive approach may be required to achieve this goal when the entry tear extends to, or is localized in, this segment of the aorta. This suggests that a more extensive surgical strategy can be justified when it is based on circumstances, on the individual @entity1 's clinical condition, and on the anatomical and pathological features of the dissection.

title: Is extended arch replacement justified for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute type A aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute type A aortic dissection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6106 Background: @entity901 has been a standard part of adjuvant @entity694 treatment since 2003, while @entity1 with @entity5 receive @entity901 and/or @entity2600 . We investigated the frequency and predictors of @entity901 use in @entity5 and of @entity901 / @entity2600 use for metastatic @entity694 in the elderly. METHODS: We identified @entity1 >65 yrs diagnosed with @entity5 , 9/1/04- 12/31/05, in the SEER-Medicare database who were treated with @entity901 within 6 months of diagnosis. We also identified @entity1 >65 yrs diagnosed with stage IV or recurrent @entity694 , 1/1/05-12/31/05, treated with @entity901 or @entity2600 . We used multivariable logistic regression models and Generalized Estimating Equations to assess the relationship between @entity1 /physician characteristics and receipt of drug. RESULTS: Among 1884 @entity1 with @entity5 , only 825 (43.8%) were treated with chemotherapy and of those 443 (53.7%) were treated with @entity901 . Younger age (OR 3.64 95% CI 2.38-5.57), white race (OR 1.93 95% CI 1.06-3.49), being married (OR 2.21 95% CI 1.60-3.07), fewer comorbidities (OR 2.84 95% CI 1.81-4.45), urban location (OR 2.37 95% CI 1.35-4.05), moderate/poorly differentiated @entity5 (OR 2.47 95% CI 1.30-4.67) and having a younger physician (OR 1.66 95% CI 1.12-2.46) were associated with @entity901 receipt. Among 1,119 @entity1 with stage IV or recurrent @entity694 , only 441 (39.4%) received chemotherapy, however 361 (81.9%) received either @entity901 (291, 66.0%) or @entity2600 (70, 15.9%). Younger age, being married, fewer comorbidities, having a younger physician (OR 2.43 95% CI 1.47-4.01), a US trained physician (OR 1.45 95% CI 1.02-2.06), and a physician who saw more @entity1 in the sample (OR 1.60 95% CI 1.14-2.25) were associated with receipt of @entity901 and/or @entity2600 . CONCLUSIONS: Uptake of newer chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of @entity694 has been rapid in the metastatic setting, but less rapid in the adjuvant setting. Younger physicians are more likely to treat @entity1 with newer treatments than older physicians. Additional studies of the influence of physician characteristics on practice patterns are needed.

title: Relationship between physician characteristics and the use of newer chemotherapy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: AIM: Chronic right ventricle (RV) apical (RVA) pacing is standard treatment for an @entity713 but may be deleterious to left ventricle (LV) systolic function. Previous clinical studies of non-apical pacing have produced conflicting results. The aim of this randomized, prospective, international, multicentre trial was to compare change in @entity5707 ( @entity5707 ) between right ventricular apical and high septal (RVHS) pacing over a 2-year study period. METHODS AND RESULTS: We randomized 240 @entity1 (age 74    11 years, 67% male) with a high-grade @entity713 requiring >90% ventricular pacing and preserved baseline @entity5707 >50%, to receive pacing at the RVA (n = 120) or RVHS (n = 120). At 2 years, @entity5707 decreased in both the RVA (57    9 to 55    9%, P = 0.047) and the RVHS groups (56    10 to 54    10%, P = 0.0003). However, there was no significant difference in intra- @entity1 change in @entity5707 between confirmed RVA (n = 85) and RVHS (n = 83) lead position (P = 0.43). There were no significant differences in @entity712 hospitalization, mortality, the burden of @entity955 , or plasma brain natriutetic peptide levels between the two groups. A significantly greater time was required to place the lead in the RVHS position (70    25 vs. 56    24 min, P < 0.0001) with longer fluoroscopy times (11    7 vs. 5    4 min, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with a high-grade @entity713 and preserved LV function requiring a high percentage of ventricular pacing, RVHS pacing does not provide a protective effect on left ventricular function over RVA pacing in the first 2 years. PROTECT-PACE: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00461734.

title: Effect of right ventricular pacing lead site on left ventricular function in @entity1 with high-grade XXXX : results of the Protect-Pace study.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'atrioventricular (AV) block']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LV ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: In @entity35 , food restriction during lactation extends lactational @entity249 , an effect that is in part due to attenuated luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to the positive feedback effects of @entity53 (E2). In cycling @entity35 , rising endogenous E2 levels not only induce a surge in LH release, but also increase the expression of the immediate early gene @entity5019 in the anteroventral preoptic area (AVPV) and within gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. This experiment examined whether the induction of @entity5019 expression in the AVPV and within GnRH neurons after E2 treatment varied with stage of lactation and nutritional status. Brains of @entity172 -treated ad lib fed and food-restricted lactating @entity35 were processed for @entity5019 or @entity5019 /GnRH immunocytochemistry on days 15, 20, or 25 postpartum (pp). Cell counts from both labeling studies showed that on day 15 pp, neuronal activation in the AVPV and within GnRH neurons was low and did not differ between ad lib fed and food-restricted dams. On day 20 pp, levels of @entity5019 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity5019 -IR) in the AVPV remained low in all dams but were significantly higher in ad lib fed dams. By day 25 pp, the ability of E2 to induce @entity5019 -IR in the AVPV of food-restricted dams remained compromised. The proportion of GnRH cells expressing @entity5019 -IR following E2 stimulation was restored to baseline levels by day 20 pp regardless of the nutritional status of the dam. These results show that the effects of E2 on neuronal events that correlate with the LH surge, are attenuated during lactation. Furthermore, food restriction during lactation selectively alters neuronal activation in the AVPV suggesting that this area integrates nutritional information to regulate LH release.

title: Effects of XXXX on immediate early gene expression associated with ovulation in lactating @entity35 : role of nutritional status.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the static and dynamic contrast sensitivity changes in myopic @entity1 before and after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Seventy-three eyes in 37 @entity1 with @entity1714 (with or without @entity940 ) who received LASIK were tested for static and dynamic contrast sensitivities using the METRO VISION MON ELEC I system at 0.7, 1.4, 2.7, 5.5, 11, and 22 cpd and cps prior to LASIK, and at one-, three-, and six-month intervals after LASIK. RESULTS: All eyes gained naked visual acuity of more than 0.5 after LASIK. The contrast sensitivity was depressed at all frequencies 1 month after LASIK, as compared to one week prior to LASIK. The @entity308 at 2.7, 5.5, 11 (P < 0.01) and 22 cpd (P < 0.05) was statistically significant for static contrast sensitivity, and also at 5.5 (P < 0.01) and 11 cps (P < 0.05) for dynamic contrast sensitivity. Myopic eyes between 6.25 D and 14.0 D, and astigmatic eyes 2 DC and more, suffered more static and dynamic contrast sensitivity @entity308 than the @entity735 between 1.25 D and 6.00 D and astigmatic eyes less than 2 DC. Contrast sensitivities were improved and exceeded preoperative levels 3 months after LASIK, and improved even more 6 months after LASIK. All sequences were statistically significant for static contrast sensitivity (P < 0.01), while only 2.7, 5.5, and 11 cps were statistically significant for dynamic contrast sensitivity (P < 0.01). The astigmatic eyes 2 DC and more showed less improvement, even below the preoperative level at 1.4 cps of dynamic contrast sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: While temporary @entity308 of contrast sensitivity for @entity735 after LASIK was seen, contrast sensitivity soon returned to exceed preoperative levels at 3 months after LASIK, while improving even more 6 months after LASIK.

title: [Static and dynamic contrast sensitivity of XXXX before and after laser in situ keratomileusis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['myopic eyes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiography is used routinely in the assessment of lower-limb arteries, but there are few well validated angiographic scoring systems. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel angiographic scoring system for @entity3657 . METHODS: An angiographic scoring system (the ANGIO score) was developed and applied to a sample of @entity1 from a single vascular surgical department who underwent CT angiography of the lower limbs. The reproducibility of the ANGIO score was compared with those of the Bollinger and Trans-Atlantic inter-Society Consensus (TASC) IIb systems in a series of randomly selected @entity1 . Associations between the ANGIO score and @entity6250 , as measured by the ankle : brachial pressure index (ABPI), and outcome events (major lower-limb amputations and @entity65 - @entity583 , @entity64 and @entity65 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Some 256 @entity1 undergoing CT angiography were included. The interobserver reproducibility of the ANGIO score was better than that of the other scoring systems examined (k = 0  90, P = 0  002). There was a negative correlation between the ANGIO score and ABPI (   = -0  33, P = 0  008). A higher ANGIO score was associated with an increased risk of major lower-limb amputation (hazard ratio (HR) for highest versus lowest tertile 9  30, 95 per cent c.i. 1  95 to 44  38; P = 0  005) and @entity65 (HR 2  73, 1  31 to 5  70; P = 0  007) following adjustment for established risk factors. CONCLUSION: The ANGIO score provided a reproducible and valid assessment of the severity of @entity6250 and risk of major amputation and @entity65 in these @entity1 with @entity3657 .

title: Assessment and validation of a novel angiographic scoring system for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower-limb ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The resurgence of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) for the treatment of @entity14 has been dampened by concern over its complications. We have reviewed the incidence and frequency of complications associated with @entity99 and discussed the factors associated with these complications. METHODS: A PUBMED search was conducted from 1950-2001 using various combinations of these keywords: hepatic arterial infusion, @entity14 , complications, and trials. The main inclusion criterion was the reporting of @entity409 . The main exclusion criterion was duplicated @entity1 . Extracted data included chemotherapeutic agents, @entity1212 technique, @entity137 , and @entity1212 related complications. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: We reviewed 437 articles/abstracts and included 101 studies. 4580 @entity1 with 4582 @entity137 and complications were reported. The mortality rate was 1%. The most common @entity137 were: @entity1109 22%, @entity99 19%, and @entity236 8%. @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) @entity99 had statistically significant risk for @entity1109 and @entity236 . @entity10049 (FUDR) @entity99 had statistically significant risk for @entity99 , @entity991 , and @entity137 . The most common @entity1212 complications were: hepatic artery occlusion 6%, @entity1212 @entity715 5%, and @entity1212 displacement 7%. CONCLUSIONS: This literature review of the complications of @entity99 confirms a low mortality associated with @entity99 . @entity991 and @entity99 are associated with the use of FUDR, while the use of @entity1487 is associated with @entity236 . Our observations support the development of hepatic cytoprotective agents and other effective anti- @entity5 agents to improve the results and morbidity of @entity99 for @entity14 .

title: XXXX : a review of 4580 reported cases.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicities', 'toxicities', 'biliary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['HAI complications']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['Floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing cholangitis', 'Sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery infusion', 'HAI', 'chemical hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Complications of hepatic artery infusion']


abstract: Feeding @entity35 a highly palatable 'cafeteria' diet resulted in a two-fold increase in interscapular brown adipose tissue (b.a.t.) mass after only 3 d on the diet. No significant difference in DNA content of b.a.t. was noted between control and cafeteria-fed @entity35 at this time but DNA content was elevated 2-3-fold in the latter group by day 30, and incorporation rates of tritiated @entity1014 into DNA were elevated in these animals after 5, 15 and 30 d of cafeteria feeding. A doubling of specific @entity3006 (per mg protein) to b.a.t. mitochondria was seen in cafeteria-fed @entity35 on days 3, 15 and 30 and total @entity3006 binding in the interscapular depot was increased by 3-4-fold. Injection of the animals with @entity1063 (25 micrograms/100 g body weight) 1 h before killing caused 180 and 430% increases in b.a.t. mitochondrial @entity3006 binding in control and cafeteria-fed @entity35 respectively. Linear Scatchard plots of binding data obtained from 15 d control and cafeteria groups indicated a single class of receptor, with the same affinity for @entity3006 in all animals, but the maximum number of binding sites was markedly elevated in cafeteria @entity35 and was increased further after treatment with @entity1063 1 h prior to sacrifice. When cafeteria-fed @entity35 were returned to stock diet alone the differences in b.a.t. mass and @entity3006 binding diminished but after 10 d brown fat mass and @entity1063 -stimulated @entity3006 binding were still significantly higher than control levels. These data provide further evidence for the involvement of b.a.t. and its mitochondrial proton conductance pathway in diet-induced changes in thermogenic capacity.

title: Effects of diet and acute XXXX treatment on brown adipose tissue development and mitochondrial purine-nucleotide binding.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: Phytoestrogens are dietary estrogenic contaminants capable of inducing vitellogenin synthesis in @entity5660 and @entity30721 . A competitive-binding assay on their hepatic @entity172 receptors (ER) was performed to determine the relative affinity of phytoestrogens compared to @entity53 (E(2)). @entity42129 concentrations used were 1000 times higher than for E(2), except for @entity670 and @entity8137 . For each compound, the competition with 50%-bound labelled E(2) (DC(50)) was considered in order to classify phytoestrogens according to their affinity for ER. The affinities are compared for each species. In @entity5660 , @entity53 (DC(50): 7 nM)> @entity8137 (DC(50): 260 nM)> @entity670 (DC(50): 570 nM)> @entity20788 (DC(50): 5.3 microM)> @entity8139 (DC(50): 9 microM)> @entity8138 (DC(50): 100 microM). In sturgeon, @entity53 (DC(50): 5 nM)> @entity670 (DC(50): 220)> @entity8137 (DC(50): 1 microM)>equol>(DC(50): 8.3 microM)>daidzein>(DC(50): 80 microM)> @entity8138 (DC(50): 100 microM). These results demonstrate that phytoestrogens, mimicking @entity53 , can disturb the endocrine system by competing for ER. Also, the higher sensitivity to @entity670 observed in vivo in @entity30721 (vitellogenin synthesis), compared to @entity5660 , is not due to a higher affinity of @entity670 for the hepatic ER. Thus, the metabolism of @entity42129 could be species dependent and affect sensitivity.

title: Binding affinities of hepatic nuclear @entity172 receptors for phytoestrogens in @entity5660 ( XXXX ) and @entity30721 ( @entity30721 ).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity8137 :: ('MESH:C007768', 'Chemical') :: ['formononetin']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity30721 :: ('27689', 'Species') :: ['Siberian sturgeon']

entities_list: @entity8138 :: ('MESH:C004541', 'Chemical') :: ['biochanin A']

entities_list: @entity42129 :: ('MESH:D048789', 'Chemical') :: ['phytoestrogen', 'Phytoestrogen']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity573 ( @entity573 ) is a systemic @entity1333 , classically affecting large- and medium-size arteries. The coronary arteries draw most of the clinical attention, whereas few studies have taken interest in the ascending aorta. Using a proprietary imaging-based mechanical biomarker (ImBioMark), we sought to determine @entity2333 in @entity573 compared to systemic @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and healthy @entity1 . We evaluated parasternal long-axis views focused on the ascending aorta in 20 controls, 12 @entity573 , and 8 @entity101 as a comparative clinical model of @entity455 . We calculated systolic and diastolic aortic wall strain with ImBioMark. Strain was tested for normality against height, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure in normal subjects. Strain from @entity573 and @entity101 was normalized (Z score) accordingly. Z score comparisons were performed using nonparametric statistics. Age was similar between @entity573 and @entity101 (9.1      5.3 and 9.9      5.3  years old; p  =  NS). Systolic and diastolic strain values were normally distributed against height, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in healthy subjects. @entity101 subjects had abnormal systolic and diastolic strain values (p  <  0.0001). Whereas @entity573 subjects had normal diastolic strain, systolic strain was significantly lower (p  <  0.001), and systolic strain was intermediate between controls and @entity101 . There were no significant differences in aortic strain among @entity573 , however, according to the presence of @entity574 . Despite normal blood pressure, the ascending aorta in @entity573 exhibits reduced strain during systole. This may reflect in situ rigidity of the aorta. The normal diastolic strain in @entity573 may, in contrast, reflect normal peripheral vascular resistance.

title: Ascending Aorta Elastography After Kawasaki Disease Compared to Systemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Effective decontamination of animal holding environments is critical for providing high quality @entity1 care and maintaining a safe working environment. Disinfection of animal holding environments is a significant challenge during times of @entity66 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disinfectant efficacy of 3 strategies for high-volume directed mist application of accelerated @entity273 and @entity15909 disinfectants; 4.25% accelerated @entity273 (Accel(  ) ; AHP) at a 1:16 dilution and single and double applications of 2% @entity15909 solution (Virkon-S(  ) ; VIR-1 and VIR-2) for decontamination of a large animal hospital environment. STUDY DESIGN: Experiment. METHODS: After cleaning and disinfection of the hospital environment, transparencies experimentally contaminated with known concentrations of @entity794 , @entity11621 and @entity796 were placed on vertical surfaces. Disinfectant solution was applied by directed mist application and, after 30  min of contact time, transparencies were collected and individually placed into tubes containing 10  ml Dey-Engley broth. The process was repeated for each disinfectant. Tenfold dilutions of each sample were plated onto tryptic soy blood agar with 5% @entity742 blood. Bacterial counts from transparencies exposed to disinfectants were compared with counts from control transparencies (unexposed to disinfectants) to evaluate reduction in colony forming units. RESULTS: The least squares mean reduction (log10 ) in colony forming units (CFUs) for @entity794 and @entity796 was 1.5-2.5 logs and approximately 0.8-1.0 logs for @entity11621 . Reductions were generally largest for VIR-2 and smallest for AHP, although these differences were not all statistically significant and the magnitude of differences may not be clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS: For the organisms evaluated, all 3 disinfectants applied as a directed mist were effective at reducing CFUs in a veterinary hospital environment. Effective disinfection using this method of application is dependent on adequate cleaning prior to application, and use of adequate volumes of disinfectant.

title: Comparison of disinfectant efficacy when using high-volume directed mist application of accelerated XXXX and @entity15909 disinfectants in a large animal hospital.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P.  aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic disease']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S.  aureus']

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica', 'S.  enterica']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity15909 :: ('MESH:C038288', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxymonosulfate']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: The study documents a general change of position on @entity170 (definition, diagnosis, aim of treatment). Taking into consideration a multifactorial nature of @entity79 in @entity170 we do not diagnose " @entity170 " but a total, individual 10-year @entity174 risk (AR-10) on the basis of independent and self-sufficient risk factors. These are: advanced age, prior @entity174 , parental history of proximal femur @entity174 , low BMI, low bone mass, glicocortycosteroids treatment, @entity309 , smoking, overuse of @entity167 . The treatment should be implemented in @entity1 burdened with a @entity174 risk higher than a population risk. The intervention threshold is a result of an agreement and a result of work of various working groups of experts. According to Johnell AR-10 below 8% does not require a therapeutical intervention; above 14% justifies the treatment independently of BMD measurement. AR-10 between 8% and 14% is an indication for BMD measurement precising @entity174 risk. The aim of the treatment is to decrease @entity174 risk. It combines a limitation of @entity174 risk factors effects including fall prevention and improvement of bone quality with applying pharmacotherapy. This study highlights that a bone mineral measurement, so far accepted as a criteria for diagnosis of @entity170 or its exclusion should not be made in aim of diagnosis but to evaluate an absolute @entity174 risk. Spinal X-rays are performed in aim to diagnose @entity174 , which mean a multiple increase of risk of further @entity174 . The principles of low bone mass differential diagnosis and current possibility of pharmacological treatment are also described. Guidelines for fall avoidance in @entity174 prevention are described.

title: Current understanding of @entity170 according to the position of the World Health Organization (WHO) and International XXXX Foundation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone fragility']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of early nephrology referral on clinical outcome in @entity6 @entity1 on maintenance @entity298 ( @entity298 ). DESIGN: This is a retrospective study in a single University Hospital in Taiwan. @entity1 : This study analyzed the type II @entity6 @entity1 entering our @entity298 program from February 1988 to June 2000. @entity1 that were presented to a nephrologist more than 6 months before starting dialysis were defined as early referrals (ER). @entity1 were considered late referrals (LR) if they were transferred to the nephrology department within 6 months before initial dialysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 survival and technique survival curves were derived from Kaplan-Meier analysis and were compared using the Cox-Mantel log rank test. Covariates were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: 52 type II @entity6 @entity1 were enrolled in this study: 16 in the ER group and 36 in the LR group. @entity1 survival was better in the ER group than in the LR group [relative risks [exp(coef)] 0.42; 95% confidence interval 0.152-0.666; p < 0.05]. The improved survival in the ER group was independent of age at dialysis, good glycemic control, and residual renal function, as indicated in the multivariate analysis with stepwise regression by Cox proportional hazards model. The ER group was also associated with better technique survival. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that early nephrology referral before initiating dialysis is associated with improved long-term clinical outcome in type II diabetics on maintenance @entity298 .

title: Improvement in clinical outcome by early nephrology referral in type II diabetics on maintenance XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination remains a routine immunization in primary care in @entity378 ( @entity378 )-endemic areas, though several studies found that its efficacy was inconclusive. @entity44051 ( @entity44051 ) polymorphism has been shown to result in higher susceptibility to @entity378 . Information on genetic susceptibility in populations will be useful in planning the application of the BCG vaccine. The present study explored BCG efficacy in a rural Timor population with specific @entity44051 polymorphism in a @entity378 . METHODOLOGY: A case-control study with 64 newly diagnosed @entity1907 @entity1 and 65 healthy controls was performed. BCG scars were examined by a physician. @entity44051 polymorphism was evaluated using molecular methods. RESULTS: Half of the subjects (65; 50.4%) had a clear presenting BCG scar on the upper arm, suggesting a successful BCG vaccination. Among the subjects, @entity62588 @entity44051 polymorphism, history of contact with @entity378 @entity1 , and not having a clear BCG scar on the upper arm tended to be significantly association with active @entity378 . The significant differences were more profound when subjects were divided based on presenting BCG scar. Subjects without clear BCG scars had significant association with developing @entity378 (p = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, history of previous contact with @entity378 @entity1 and unclear presenting BCG scar were associated with active @entity378 (OR 9.2; 2.0-43.8 95% CI, OR 4.8; 2.1-11.0 95% CI, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: BCG vaccination in our population was effective for @entity378 protection, especially in highly endemic areas of @entity378 , regardless genetic susceptibility.

title: Effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine in an Indonesian population with @entity62588 XXXX polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity44051 :: ('6556', 'Gene') :: ['NRAMP1', 'Natural resistance-asociated machrophage protein 1']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB-endemic region of eastern Indonesia', 'TB disease', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity44051 :: (6556,Gene) :: ['NRAMP1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of aborted @entity944 attributable to @entity943 in the presence of @entity453 are at risk for recurrences. The substrate underlying these @entity943 is not clear, and therefore the relation between @entity63 , viability, scar tissue (and revascularization), and the incidence of @entity943 (and survival) was studied over up to 3 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred fifty-three survivors of @entity944 underwent stress-rest perfusion imaging. @entity1 with @entity63 /viable myocardium (n=73) were revascularized if possible. Final antiarrhythmic therapy was based on the outcome of electrophysiological testing or @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). Implantation of a defibrillator was performed in 112 (72%) @entity1 . During 3-year follow-up, 15 @entity204 occurred and 42 (29%) @entity1 had recurrent @entity943 . @entity1 with events ( @entity204 or recurrence) exhibited more often a severely depressed @entity1002 (< or =30%), more extensive scar tissue, and less @entity63 /viable myocardium on perfusion imaging and less frequently underwent revascularization. Multivariate analysis identified extensive scar tissue and @entity1002 < or =30% as the only predictors of @entity204 /recurrent @entity943 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with aborted @entity944 , extensive scar tissue and severely depressed @entity1002 are the only predictors of @entity204 or recurrent @entity943 . These @entity1 should be considered for implantation of a defibrillator.

title: Impact of viability, @entity63 , scar tissue, and revascularization on outcome after aborted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether time to prepare IV medications for @entity4144 varied by 1) drug, 2) @entity1 weight, 3) @entity460 salt, and 4) whether these data support the Advanced Cardiac Life Support recommended sequence. DESIGN: Prospective randomized simulation-based study. SETTING: Single pediatric tertiary medical referral center. SUBJECTS: Pediatric nurses and adult or pediatric pharmacists. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were randomized to prepare medication doses for one of four medication sequences and stratified by one of three weight categories representative of a neonate/ @entity1 , @entity1 , or adult-sized adolescent: 4, 20, and 50   kg. Using provided supplies and dosing references, subjects prepared doses of @entity12374 , @entity10041 , @entity4388 , and regular @entity2690 with @entity413 . Because @entity2690 and @entity413 are traditionally prepared and delivered together, they were analyzed as one drug. Subjects preparing medications were video-recorded for the purpose of extracting timing data. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 12 nurses and 12 pharmacists were enrolled. The median (interquartile range) total preparation time for the three drugs was 9.5 minutes (6.4-13.7   min). Drugs were prepared significantly faster for larger @entity1 (50   kg, 6.8   min [5.6-9.1 min] vs 20   kg, 9.5   min [8.6-13.0 min] vs 4   kg, 16.3   min [12.7-18.9 min]; p = 0.001). @entity2690 with @entity413 took significantly longer to prepare than the other medications, and there was no difference between the @entity460 salts: ( @entity4388 , 1.9 [0.8-2.6] vs @entity12374 , 2.1 [1.2-3.1] vs @entity10041 , 2.4 [2.1-3.0] vs @entity2690 with @entity413 , 5.1   min [3.7-7.7 min], respectively; p < 0.001). Forty-two percent of subjects (10/24) made at least one dosing error. CONCLUSIONS: Medication preparation for @entity4144 takes significantly longer for smaller @entity1 and preparation of @entity2690 with @entity413 takes the longest. This study supports Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines to treat @entity4144 during pediatric @entity1167 similar to those recommended per Advanced Cardiac Life Support (i.e., first, @entity460 ; second, @entity4388 ; and third, @entity2690 with @entity413 ).

title: Comparatively Evaluating Medication Preparation Sequences for Treatment of XXXX in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: A Prospective, Randomized, Simulation-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['Hyperkalemia']


abstract: The aim was to determine cabin air quality and in-flight exposure for cabin attendants of specific pollutants during intercontinental flights. Measurements of air humidity, temperature, @entity544 ( @entity515 ), respirable particles, @entity1787 (O3), @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) and @entity406 were performed during 26 intercontinental flights with Boeing 767-300 with and without @entity286 smoking onboard. The mean temperature in cabin was 22.2 degrees C (range 17.4-26.8 degrees C), and mean relative air humidity was 6% (range 1-27%). The @entity515 concentration during cruises was below the recommended limit of 1000 ppm during 96% of measured time. Mean indoor concentration of @entity6836 and O3, were 14.1 and 19.2 micrograms/m3, with maximum values of 37 and 66 micrograms/m3, respectively. The concentration of @entity406 was below the detection limit (< 5 micrograms/m3), in most samples (77%), and the maximum value was 15 micrograms/m3. The mean concentration of respirable particles in the rear part of the aircraft (AFT galley area) was much higher (49 micrograms/m3) during smoking as compared with non-smoking conditions (3 micrograms/m3) (P < 0.001), with maximum values of 253 and 7 micrograms/m3. In conclusion, air humidity is very low on intercontinental flights, and the large variation of temperature shows a need for better temperature control. @entity286 smoking onboard leads to a significant pollution of respirable particles, particularly in the rear part of the cabin. The result supports the view that despite the high air exchange rate and efficient air filtration, smoking in commercial aircraft leads to a significant pollution and should be prohibited.

title: Cabin air quality: indoor pollutants and climate during intercontinental flights with and without XXXX smoking.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little is known about the impact of quality of anticoagulation control, as reflected by time in therapeutic range (TTR), on the effectiveness and safety of @entity1229 therapy in Chinese @entity1 with @entity955 . We investigated the risks of @entity385 and @entity932 ( @entity932 ) in relation to @entity1229 at various TTRs in a real-world cohort of Chinese @entity1 with @entity955 receiving @entity1229 and compared with those on @entity3926 , @entity117 , and no therapy. METHODS: This is an observational study. RESULTS: Of 8754 Chinese @entity1 with @entity955 and CHA2DS2-VASc >= 1 (79.5  9.2 years; CHA2DS2-VASc, 4.1  1.5; and @entity101 , Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, @entity64 , Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile International Normalized Ratio, Elderly (>65 years), Drugs/ @entity167 Concomitantly [HAS-BLED], 2.2  0.9), 16.3% received @entity1229 , 41.1% @entity117 , 4.5% @entity3926 , and 38.1% received no therapy. The incidence of @entity385 was highest in @entity1 with no therapy (10.38%/y), followed by @entity1 on @entity117 (7.95%/y). The incidence of @entity64 decreased progressively with increasing TTR quartiles (<17.9%, 17.9%-38.8%, 38.8%-56.2%, and >56.2%) from 7.34%/y (first quartile) to 3.10%/y (fourth quartile). @entity1 on @entity3926 had the lowest incidence of @entity64 among all groups (2.24%/y). The incidence of @entity932 was lowest in @entity1 on @entity3926 (0.32%/y) compared with those on @entity1229 (0.90%/y), @entity117 (0.80%/y), and no therapy (0.53%/y). @entity932 incidence decreased with increasing TTR from 1.37%/y (first quartile) to 0.74%/y (fourth quartile). CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese @entity1 with @entity955 , the benefits of @entity1229 therapy for @entity64 prevention and @entity932 risk are closely dependent on the quality of anticoagulation, as reflected by TTR. Even at the top TTR quartile, @entity1229 was associated with a @entity64 and @entity932 risk than @entity3926 .

title: @entity385 and @entity932 with XXXX , @entity3926 , and @entity1229 : impact of quality of anticoagulation control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'higher stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: The aim of this study is to understand the current status of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) among Taiwanese @entity1 and to determine the relationship between bone mass, weight, height and body mass index (BMI), and the proportion of @entity170 sufferers, based on World Health Organization standards, in each age group. A total of 4689 @entity1 underwent lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) @entity79 measurements, and 3529 @entity1 underwent femoral neck @entity79 measurements. @entity79 was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Standards were based on the @entity79 of the 20- to 40-year-old age group, as were relationships between height, weight, BMI, and @entity79 . Pearson correlation revealed a positive relationship between body weight, BMI, and @entity79 in the femoral neck; other correlations were insignificant. The defined @entity79 value for a diagnosis of @entity170 was 0.827 g/cm(2) for lumbar vertebrae and 0.605 g/cm(2) for the femoral neck. The proportion of @entity170 calculated for each age group in the lumbar vertebrae group was: 40-49 years old, 8.25%; 50-59 years old, 8.62%; 60-69 years old, 14.14%; 70-79 years old, 14.25%; >80 years old, 16.07%. For the femoral neck group, the values were: 40-49 years old, 5.24%; 50-59 years old, 5.28%; 60-69 years old, 11.17%; 70-79 years old, 17.30%; >80 years old, 24%. The total proportion of @entity170 in the lumbar vertebrae was 10.08%, and in the femoral neck, 7.45%. The @entity79 of Taiwanese @entity1 shows a positive relationship to body weight and BMI in the femoral neck group but not in the lumbar vertebrae group. The proportion of @entity170 by age group in this cohort was lower than that among Western @entity1 .

title: XXXX : prevalence in Taiwanese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']