abstract: BACKGROUND: As single-head data acquisition for @entity4214 -201 myocardial SPECT is a frequently used method mainly in the outpatient medical care as well as in smaller hospitals, comparison to dual-head data collection is a still discussed issue mainly with regard to quality control and -assurance. METHODS: A total of 1334 @entity1 undergoing thallium-201 myocardial SPECT for diagnosis of @entity741 and/or viability have been retrospectively analyzed. In 554 @entity1 , a single-head gamma camera (360 degrees rotation) has been applied, whereas a dual-head gamma camera (180 degrees rotation) has been used in 780 @entity1 . Four hundred twenty-six @entity1 received both myocardial SPECT as well as coronary angiography. The diagnostic value of both applied acquisition techniques has been analyzed. RESULTS: Regarding @entity296 , positive predictive value for the diagnosis of @entity296 tissue was significantly higher for dual-head- as compared to single-head acquisition. Among the 426 @entity1 undergoing diagnosis of @entity741 , significant differences have only been found with regard to specificity being higher in the single-head acquisition. Diagnosis of @entity741 related to a distinct myocardial perfusion region showed a significantly higher sensitivity of dual-head acquisition for the left anterior descending perfusion area, whereas specificity was significantly higher for single-head acquisition. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a beneficial effect of dual-head data collection with regard to sensitivity of the diagnosis of @entity741 . In contrast, single-head data acquisition was superior with regard to specificity. However, it is justified to preferably apply dual-head data collection in clinical routine due to the shorter acquisition time leading to an evident time benefit of this acquisition technique.

title: Single- vs. dual-head SPECT for detection of XXXX and viability in a large study population.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scar', 'myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expanded @entity736 (EPTFE) (Gore-Tex soft-tissue patch) has received favorable clinical reports for use in @entity2652 procedures. We evaluated the EPTFE soft-tissue patch in short-term (3-week), intermediate-term (6-month), and long-term (12-month) animal models. METHODS: Nine pathogen-free male and female New Zealand white @entity95 weighing 2 to 4 kg were used. After implantation of the EPTFE soft-tissue patch, the animals were carefully observed on a daily basis for signs of @entity2737 , or @entity1410 formation. The stability of the implant was evaluated and graded after the animals were killed. Tissue specimens, including skin, implant, and underlying bone, were removed en bloc. These blocks were sectioned and stained for histologic evaluation. A portion of these blocks were used for scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The material increased in stability over time and showed minimal inflammatory cell response and only a delicate fibrous capsule, even in long-term implants. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated close apposition of the material to tissue, suggesting good interface bioactivity. CONCLUSIONS: The EPTFE soft-tissue patch appears to be safe and reliable material for augmentation, demonstrating high biocompatibility, low tissue reactivity, and increasing stability over time.

title: Expanded @entity736 (Gore-Tex soft-tissue patch) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial augmentation']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection, seroma']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity2652 :: (MESH:D005148,Disease) :: ['facial augmentation']


abstract: Attenuation correction (AC) of whole-body PET data in combined @entity7994 tomographs is expected to be a technical challenge. In this study, a potential solution based on a segmented attenuation map is proposed and evaluated in clinical PET/CT cases. METHODS: Segmentation of the attenuation map into 4 classes (background, lungs, fat, and soft tissue) was hypothesized to be sufficient for AC purposes. The segmentation was applied to CT-based attenuation maps from @entity419 PET/CT oncologic examinations of 35 @entity1 with 52 @entity419 -avid lesions in the lungs (n = 15), bones (n = 21), and neck (n = 16). The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the lesions were determined from PET images reconstructed with nonsegmented and segmented attenuation maps, and an experienced observer interpreted both PET images with no knowledge of the attenuation map status. The feasibility of the method was also evaluated with 2 @entity1 who underwent both PET/CT and @entity7994 . RESULTS: The use of a segmented attenuation map resulted in average SUV changes of 8% +/- 3% (mean +/- SD) for @entity79 , 4% +/- 2% for neck lesions, and 2% +/- 3% for lung lesions. The largest SUV change was 13.1%, for a lesion in the pelvic bone. There were no differences in the clinical interpretations made by the experienced observer with both types of attenuation maps. CONCLUSION: A segmented attenuation map with 4 classes derived from CT data had only a small effect on the SUVs of @entity419 -avid lesions and did not change the interpretation for any @entity1 . This approach appears to be practical and valid for @entity7994 -based AC.

title: Tissue classification as a potential approach for attenuation correction in whole-body XXXX : evaluation with PET/CT data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

answer: @entity7994 :: (78996,Gene) :: ['PET/MRI']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 younger than 24 months with small (< 550 g), @entity15803 ( @entity15803 ) @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ) were shown in a pilot study to have an excellent prognosis when treated with nephrectomy only. @entity1 AND METHODS: A study of nephrectomy only for the treatment of selected @entity1 with @entity15803 @entity7097 was undertaken. Stringent stopping rules were designed to insure closure of the study if the true 2-year relapse-free survival rate was 90% or lower. RESULTS: Seventy-five previously untreated @entity1 younger than 24 months with stage I/ @entity15803 @entity3969 for which the surgical specimen weighed less than 550 g were treated with nephrectomy only. Three @entity1 developed metachronous, contralateral @entity7097 1.1, 1.4, and 2.3 years after nephrectomy, and eight @entity1 relapsed 0.3 to 1.05 years after diagnosis (median, 0.4 years; mean, 0.51 years). The sites of relapse were lung (n = 5) and operative bed (n = 3). The 2-year disease-free (relapse and metachronous contralateral @entity7097 ) survival rate was 86.5%. The 2-year survival rate is 100% with a median follow-up of 2.84 years. The 2-year disease-free survival rate (excluding metachronous contralateral @entity7097 ) was 89.2%, and the 2-year cumulative risk of metachronous contralateral @entity7097 was 3.1%. CONCLUSION: @entity1 younger than 24 months treated with nephrectomy only for a stage I/ @entity15803 @entity7097 that weighed less than 550 g had a risk of relapse, including the development of metachronous contralateral @entity7097 , of 13.5% 2 years after diagnosis. All @entity1 who experienced relapse on this trial are alive at this time. This approach will be re-evaluated in a clinical trial using a less conservative stopping rule.

title: Treatment with nephrectomy only for small, stage I/ XXXX @entity3969 : a report from the National @entity3969 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'favorable histology']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumors', 'WTs']

answer: @entity15803 :: (MESH:D009370,Disease) :: ['favorable histology']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we sought to determine whether cigarette smoking is associated with chronotropic @entity337 and to explore prognostic implications of this association. METHODS AND RESULTS: Members of the Framingham Offspring Study (1468 @entity1 and 1642 @entity1 ) underwent graded exercise. Chronotropic @entity337 was assessed in two ways: (1) failure to achieve an age-predicted target heart rate and (2) a low chronotropic index, a heart rate response measure that accounts for effects of age, resting heart rate, and physical fitness. Smokers were more likely to fail to reach target heart rate than were nonsmokers ( @entity1 , 25% versus 15%, odds ratio [OR], 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51 to 2.56; @entity1 , 32% versus 18%; OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.63 to 2.61) and were more likely to have a low chronotropic index ( @entity1 , 17% versus 12%; OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.03; @entity1 , 17% versus 8%; OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.68 to 3.09). These associations persisted after adjustment for age, cardiovascular risk factors, pulmonary function, and ST-segment response to graded exercise. During 8 years of follow-up, there were 48 deaths and 90 incident @entity301 events among the @entity1 . After adjustment for the same confounders, @entity1 who were smokers and failed to achieve target heart rate were at particularly high risk for @entity204 (adjusted relative risk [RR], 2.45; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.24) and for @entity301 (adjusted RR, 4.92; 95% CI, 2.84 to 8.53). There were too few end points in @entity1 for analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based cohort, cigarette smoking was predictive of chronotropic @entity337 . Male smokers who manifested chronotropic @entity337 were at particularly high risk for @entity204 and @entity301 events.

title: Association of cigarette smoking with chronotropic XXXX and prognosis in the Framingham Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['incompetence']


abstract: Alterations of oxidative phosphorylation in @entity5 cells were originally believed to have a causative role in cancerous growth. More recently, mitochondria have again received attention with regards to @entity5 , largely because of their role in apoptosis and other aspects of @entity5 biology. The mitochondrial genome is particularly susceptible to mutations because of the high level of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation in this organelle, coupled with a low level of DNA repair. However, no detailed analysis of mitochondrial DNA in @entity1 @entity5 has yet been reported. In this study, we analysed the complete mtDNA genome of ten @entity1 @entity14 cell lines by sequencing and found mutations in seven (70%). The majority of mutations were transitions at purines, consistent with an ROS-related derivation. The mutations were somatic, and those evaluated occurred in the primary @entity5 from which the cell line was derived. Most of the mutations were homoplasmic, indicating that the mutant genome was dominant at the intracellular and intercellular levels. We showed that mitochondria can rapidly become homogeneous in @entity14 cells using cell fusions. These findings provide the first examples of homoplasmic mutations in the mtDNA of @entity5 cells and have potential implications for the abnormal metabolic and apoptotic processes in @entity5 .

title: Somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome in XXXX @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplasia', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We have combined techniques of genetics and histochemistry to identify genes required for the nucleocytoplasmic export of mRNA in the budding @entity375 @entity375 . We adapted in situ hybridization using a @entity1859 -labeled oligo(dT)50 probe to localize poly(A)+ RNA in fixed @entity375 cells and used @entity375 strains carrying the @entity17215 mutation to develop an assay. The @entity17215 mutation is the only previously described mutation that causes defects in mRNA export. As visualized with this RNA localization assay, @entity17215 strains accumulated poly(A)+ RNA at the nuclear periphery at the nonpermissive temperature. This was in contrast to the RNA localization pattern of wild-type cells or @entity17215 cells grown at permissive temperature. Wild-type cells showed bright uniform cytoplasmic staining with little detectable RNA in the nuclei. We used this RNA localization assay to screen a bank of temperature-sensitive @entity375 strains for mutants with inducible defects in mRNA trafficking. Strains identified in this manner are designated @entity35 mutants for @entity10731 trafficking. The @entity56112 -1 allele conferred temperature-sensitive accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA in one to several intranuclear spots that appear to lie at the nuclear periphery. RNA processing was unaffected in @entity56112 -1 strains, except for an inducible defect in trimming the 5' end of the 5.8S rRNA. The wild-type @entity56112 gene was cloned by complementation; it encodes an essential 116-kD protein with regions of homology to the protein encoded by @entity32018 (also known as @entity32018 , @entity32018 , @entity32018 , and @entity32018 ). @entity32018 is a nucleic acid binding protein, a 5'----3' exonuclease, and catalyzes DNA strand transfer reactions in vitro. We discuss the possible significance of the @entity56112 / @entity32018 homology for RNA trafficking. We also discuss the potential of this RNA localization assay to identify genes involved in nuclear structure and RNA metabolism.

title: Isolation and characterization of @entity56112 : an essential gene of XXXX required for the efficient nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of mRNA.

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The predominant @entity1568 source for the plants in closed environmental systems is the mineral @entity1568 (i.e., @entity1507 and/or @entity3104 ) in the nutrient medium. The following focuses on the processes through which plants obtain @entity1507 and @entity3104 from the rhizosphere and on the influences that each form has upon plant performance. Most plant species can sustain full growth at @entity1507 or @entity3104 concentrations that are over two orders of magnitude lower than those provided in most plant growth systems. Under the high concentrations (mM) normally used, root @entity1568 absorption is downregulated: a) both the affinity and capacity of the transport systems for @entity3104 or @entity1507 are diminished, b) efflux of either ion becomes a significant percentage of influx, and c) root growth is inhibited. High concentrations also promote accumulation of @entity3104 or @entity19131 in plant tissues to potentially deleterious levels and foster microbial outbreaks. Several lines of evidence argue that roots in natural soils are normally exposed to lower concentrations (micromoles) of @entity1507 or @entity3104 : models of root nutrient absorption indicate that roots deplete rhizosphere @entity1507 and @entity3104 to such levels; the high-affinity transport systems for @entity1507 and @entity3104 have optimal control in this range; and root growth and development is maximized under such conditions. The high-affinity transport systems are distinct for @entity1507 and @entity3104 . In general, the affinity of the @entity1507 system for @entity1507 is less than the @entity3104 system for @entity3104 . @entity1507 absorption is induced by the presence of @entity3104 or @entity1507 . Roots most rapidly absorb @entity1507 in the zone where root hairs emerge and @entity3104 in the zone of division near the apex. @entity1507 absorption tends to alkalinize the rhizosphere, whereas @entity3104 absorption acidifies the rhizosphere. The energy requirements for absorption and assimilation of @entity1507 are several fold higher than those of @entity3104 . Root growth and elongation are more extensive when @entity3104 is provided as the sole @entity1568 source, perhaps as a consequence of the lower energy requirements or the increased rhizosphere acidity.

title: XXXX dynamics in plant growth systems.

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrate', 'nitrate']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['Nitrogen']


abstract: Expansion of the cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) in the preovulatory @entity1 follicle requires a transient induction of @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ) synthesis by the cumulus cells. We studied the interactions of known factors that regulate this process by isolating compact COCs from @entity19 and inducing their expansion in vitro. Maximum @entity8273 synthesis requires either follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ) in combination with either a soluble factor(s) produced by the oocyte or @entity641 . FSH (or @entity6354 ) exerts its effects during the first 2 h of incubation, before @entity8273 synthesis actually begins. The oocyte factor(s) (or @entity641 ) exerts its effects from 2 h onwards and must be continuously present throughout the subsequent approximately 10 h to achieve a maximum level of @entity8273 synthesis. FSH stimulates intracellular @entity268 synthesis, which correlates with net @entity8273 production up to approximately 14 fmol/COC at 5 ng/ml FSH; however, higher concentrations of FSH increase @entity268 levels approximately 10-fold higher with no additional effect on @entity8273 synthesis. @entity6354 at saturating concentrations for @entity8273 synthesis does not stimulate @entity268 above basal levels. @entity669 kinase inhibitors @entity670 and @entity12079 AG18 nearly abolish the @entity8273 synthesis response to @entity6354 and inhibit the response to FSH by approximately 60%, suggesting that a @entity669 kinase activity is involved for both factors, whereas FSH also operates partially through another signaling pathway. @entity4316 abolishes @entity8273 synthesis if added at the beginning of culture and reduces @entity8273 synthesis by approximately 50% if added between 6-12 h when @entity8273 synthesis is normally maximal. The results suggest that regulation of @entity8273 synthesis is primarily controlled at the transcriptional level.

title: Hyaluronan synthesis by @entity19 cumulus cells is regulated by interactions between follicle-stimulating hormone (or @entity6354 ) and a soluble oocyte factor (or XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'hyaluronan']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity12079 :: ('CHEBI:38637', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrphostin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

answer: @entity641 :: (21803(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor beta1']


abstract: Hemogenic endothelium has been identified in embryonic dorsal aorta and in tissues generated from @entity19 embryonic stem cells, but to date there is no evidence for such bipotential cells in postnatal tissues or blood. Here we identify a cell population from @entity1 umbilical cord blood that gives rise to both endothelial cells and hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. Cord blood @entity2280 +/CD133+ cells plated at high density in an endothelial basal medium formed an endothelial monolayer and a nonadherent cell population after 14-21 days. @entity5316 , a factor required for definitive @entity1210 , was detected at low levels in adherent cells and at high levels in nonadherent cells. Nonadherent cells coexpressed the endothelial marker @entity3545 and the hematopoietic marker @entity1195 , whereas adherent cells were composed primarily of @entity3545 +/ @entity1195 - cells and a smaller fraction of @entity3545 +/ @entity1195 + cells. Both nonadherent and adherent cells produced hematopoietic colonies in methylcellulose, with the adherent cells yielding more colony-forming units (CFU)-GEMM compared with the nonadherent cells. To determine whether the adherent endothelial cells were producing hematopoietic progenitors, single cells from the adherent population were expanded in 96-well dishes for 14 days. The clonal populations expressed @entity3545 , and a subset expressed @entity5316 , epsilon-globin, and gamma-globin. Three of 17 clonal cell populations gave rise to early CFU-GEMM hematopoietic progenitors and burst-forming unit-erythroid progenitors. These results provide evidence for hemogenic endothelial cells in @entity1 umbilical cord blood.

title: Hemogenic endothelial progenitor cells isolated from XXXX umbilical cord blood.

entities_list: @entity3545 :: ('1003', 'Gene') :: ['VE-cadherin', 'vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We present four @entity1 5, 10, 12, and 17 years of age, each with a long history of severe @entity1142 and @entity23454 of the gut. Three had partial or total resection of the colon, all had enterostomies, and only one maintains normal bowel function after reanastomosis. We report the clinical courses, radiologic findings, and operative procedures for all four cases. Preoperative full-thickness biopsies and the resected colon specimens revealed a complete or incomplete lack of the mesh network of collagen. The connective-tissue layer between the circular and longitudinal muscles was missing. Contrary to expectations, the @entity3002 ( @entity3002 ) was normal or near-normal in the affected areas. @entity9680 was found additionally in some proximal segments of colon and/or small bowel. This combination of clinical symptoms and pathological findings is called desmosis of the colon with reference to a working hypothesis in a preliminary report by Meier-Ruge in 1998. Aplastic or hypoplastic desmosis may be the reason for the disturbed gut motility. Histologic examination should thus not only exclude changes of the @entity3002 .

title: Four cases of desmosis coli: severe chronic XXXX , massive dilatation of the colon, and @entity23454 due to of changes in the colonic connective-tissue net.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23454 :: ('MESH:C536138', 'Disease') :: ['hypoperistalsis']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['Hypo- and dysganglionosis']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['enteric nervous system', 'ENS']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity4595 and daily expectoration of purulent sputum despite conventional antibiotic courses were randomly allocated to receive a sachet of @entity115 (3 g) or matched placebo twice daily for 32 weeks in a double-blind study. Nine @entity1 (four @entity115 , five placebo) were withdrawn from the study treatment; the response of the two @entity1 (both on @entity115 ) withdrawn within the first six weeks was not assessed. The pretreatment characteristics of the two groups were similar. Independent assessment of overall response based on @entity1 ' diary cards showed that a higher proportion improved in the @entity115 group (11 of 17) than in the placebo group (four of 19; p = 0.02). @entity1 in the @entity115 group spent significantly less time confined to bed and away from work during treatment. The frequency of exacerbations during the study treatment phase was similar in the two groups but they were less severe than before study treatment in the @entity115 group. There was a greater reduction in purulent sputum volume between exacerbations during the study treatment in the @entity115 group to 20 per cent of pretreatment volume than in the placebo group (88 per cent of pretreatment volume, p = 0.008), although the concentrations of @entity6728 spp. in sputum between exacerbations was similar in the two groups. Adverse effects experienced were minor except in one @entity1 ( @entity115 ) withdrawn after developing a @entity1910 and in six @entity1 (three @entity115 , three placebo) who had @entity294 lasting more than one week necessitating withdrawal of two @entity1 (one @entity115 , one placebo) from study treatment. Sputum and stool cultures collected regularly during the study showed no important changes in the bacterial flora in either group. Prolonged higher-dose antibiotic therapy in these @entity1 with severe purulent @entity4595 significantly reduced the host ( @entity1 ) inflammatory response to colonizing microorganisms and reduced morbidity.

title: Double-blind randomized study of prolonged higher-dose oral @entity115 in purulent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine flexural strength and modulus after water storage and thermal cycling of @entity505 - @entity15583 fiber-reinforced (CGFR) polymers based on @entity4625 and a copolymer matrix, and to examine adhesion between fiber and matrix by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). METHODS: Solvent cleaned @entity505 - @entity15583 (CG) braided tubes of fibers were treated with a sizing resin. The resin mixture of the matrix was reinforced with 24, 36, 47 and 58wt% (20, 29, 38 and 47vol.%) CG-fibers. After heat polymerization the specimens were kept for 90 days in water and thereafter hydrothermally cycled (12,000 cycles, 5/55 degrees C). Mechanical properties were evaluated by three-point bend testing. After thermal cycling, the adhesion between fibers and matrix was evaluated by @entity4653 . RESULTS: Hydrothermal cycling did not decrease flexural strength of the CGFR polymers with 24 and 36wt% fiber loadings; flexural strength values after thermocycling were 244.8 (+/-32.33)MPa for 24wt% and 441.3 (+/-68.96)MPa for 36wt%. Flexural strength values after thermal cycling were not further increased after increasing the fiber load to 47 (459.2 (+/-45.32)MPa) and 58wt% (310.4 (+/-52.79)MPa). @entity4653 revealed @entity1104 between fibers and matrix for all fiber loadings examined. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of the fiber treatment and resin matrix described resulted in @entity1104 between CG-fibers and matrix. The flexural values for fiber loadings up to 36wt% appear promising for prosthodontic applications such as implant-retained prostheses.

title: Effect of thermal cycling on flexural properties of XXXX - @entity15583 fiber-reinforced polymers.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(methyl methacrylate)']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['good adhesion']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to update the epidemiology of @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 among the incident @entity454 ( @entity454 ) population in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and to determine whether outcome is worse for @entity6 @entity1 , as described in the general population. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS: All resident adults of ANZ who began renal replacement therapy (RRT) from 1 April 1991 to 31 December 2005 were included using data from the ANZ Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Incidence rates, RRT, and survival were analyzed. Risk factors for @entity204 were assessed using Cox regression. RESULTS: The study included 1,284 @entity164 1 @entity6 (4.5%), 8,560 @entity164 2 @entity6 (30.0%), and 18,704 nondiabetic (65.5%) @entity1 . The incidence rate of @entity454 with @entity164 2 @entity6 increased markedly over time (+10.2% annually, P < 0.0001). In @entity1 aged <70 years, rates of renal transplantation in @entity164 1 @entity6 , @entity164 2 @entity6 , and nondiabetic @entity1 were 41.8, 6.5 (P < 0.0001 vs. other @entity1 ), and 40.9% (P = 0.56 vs. @entity164 1 @entity6 @entity1 ), respectively. Compared with nondiabetic @entity1 , the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for @entity204 was 1.64 (P < 0.0001) in @entity164 1 @entity6 and 1.13 (P < 0.0001) in @entity164 2 @entity6 . Survival rates per 5-year period improved by 6% in @entity164 1 @entity6 @entity1 (P = 0.36), by 9% in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 (P < 0.0001), and by 5% in nondiabetic @entity1 (P = 0.001). In @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 aged >or=60 years, the adjusted HR for @entity204 in @entity1 versus @entity1 was 1.19 (P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity454 with @entity164 2 @entity6 increased markedly. Despite high access to renal transplants, @entity164 1 @entity6 @entity1 had a poor prognosis after starting RRT. Survival improved significantly in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 during the study period. Older @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 had a worse prognosis than older @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Incidences, treatments, outcomes, and sex effect on survival in @entity1 with @entity454 by XXXX status in Australia and New Zealand (1991 2005).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports have shown inconsistent results on clinical outcomes between @entity1 and @entity1 after @entity64 , and little is known about gender differences on outcomes in Chinese post- @entity64 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to explore whether there were gender differences on clinical characteristics and outcomes in Chinese @entity1 after @entity385 by using the data from the China National @entity64 Registry (CNSR). METHODS AND FINDINGS: Out of 12,415 consecutively recruited @entity1 with acute @entity385 in the CNSR from 2007 to 2008, 11,560 (93.1%) @entity1 were followed up for 12 months. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes on @entity204 , recurrence, and dependency were recorded. The multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine whether there were gender differences in these outcomes. @entity1 were older than @entity1 at baseline (67.9 vs. 64.0 years, P<0.001). @entity1 had a higher mortality, recurrence rate, and dependency rate at 3, 6, and 12 months than @entity1 , but after adjusting for age, history of @entity6 , pre- @entity64 dependency, @entity64 severity, in-hospital complications, and other confounders, there were no statistically significant differences in gender on mortality and recurrence rate at 3, 6, and 12 months; and dependency rate at 3, and 6 months. However, the dependency rate at 12 months remained significantly higher in @entity1 (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.45). CONCLUSIONS: There are many differences in clinical characteristics between @entity1 and @entity1 after @entity385 in China. Compared with @entity1 , @entity1 are more dependent at 12 months after @entity64 . This difference still exists after controlling the potential confounders.

title: Gender differences in 1-year clinical characteristics and outcomes after @entity64 : results from the China National XXXX Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Altogether 75 @entity1 , 60 of whom had recurrent idiopathic @entity1150 , 10 recurrent superficial @entity2268 and 5 retinal @entity49 , were given a combination of 100 mg @entity18706 and 8 mg @entity54346 a day for periods varying between 3 and 48 months (mean 16.2). Initially, all the @entity1 had an abnormally low plasminogen activator content in the walls of superficial veins and/or a decreased capacity to release plasminogen activator from the vein walls on @entity432 of the arms. The combination elicited a significant increase in the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity and in the local fibrinolytic activity during standardized @entity432 of the arms (assayed on fibrin plates) after treatment for 3 months (p less than 0.001). These activities then remained normal throughout the observation period. In 65 of the 75 @entity1 studied, the plasminogen activator level in the vein wall (histochemically assayed by the method of Pandolfi) was abnormally low intitially. The level had increased significantly after treatment for 3 months (p less than 0.001). After treatment for 12 months all the @entity1 except 2 were normal. The @entity1 in this material had had 2-20 episodes of @entity49 , the most recent 5 years before the institution of treatment, in spite of @entity18689 treatment. During treatment 9 @entity715 episodes occurred; in 5 of these @entity1 the fibrinolytic activity of the vessel wall was not normal at the time of the recurrence. Except in 1 @entity1 , who developed @entity8193 , the side-effects were not severe.

title: @entity18706 and @entity54346 in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18689 :: ('MESH:D001728', 'Chemical') :: ['dicoumarol']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity54346 :: ('MESH:D005032', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyloestrenol']

entities_list: @entity18706 :: ('MESH:D010629', 'Chemical') :: ['phenformin']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: @entity706 is a rare disease; information on diagnosis, treatment and outcome are limited. We report on eight @entity1 affected by @entity1893 of the genital tract, five from the cervix, two from the vagina and one from the vulva collected between 1987 and 1998. Age at presentation ranged from 36 to 82 (median 67) years. The commonest initial symptom was @entity3556 , post coital in 1 @entity1 . Three @entity1 @entity1109 . Ann Arbor classification was stage IAE for 6 @entity1 . Histology, according to the IWF, was either intermediate grade (4 @entity1 ), or high grade (3 @entity1 ), not evaluable in one case. Seven @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy ( @entity4349 based in four) followed by pelvic radiotherapy in five; one @entity1 received irradiation alone. Five @entity1 are currently alive and free of disease with follow-up ranging from 8 to 126 months. Based on our experience in this series, we support a management scheme of combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for @entity1 with @entity1893 of the genital tract.

title: Primary XXXX of the female genital tract.

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Genital tract lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['complained of vescical symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Scedosporium apiospermum is a fungus found in the soil and in contaminated water. Common cutaneous manifestations include @entity13443 , a painless swelling on the sole of the foot. @entity3 is usually associated with immunosuppression. The authors present a 16-month-old immunocompetent @entity1 who had a near-drowning event. Following this, he was severely disabled with @entity508 . Early computerized tomography scans revealed @entity131 . Magnetic resonance images obtained 3 months after the initial event demonstrated multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the brain. Aspiration of the lesion was performed. Scedosporium apiospermum, the asexual form of Pseudallescheria boydii, was cultured. Conventional antifungal agents were commenced, with minimal effect. The @entity1 was subsequently treated with a new antifungal agent, @entity5074 , a broad-spectrum @entity10998 antifungal agent with good penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid. The @entity1 improved, with a good radiological outcome and a moderate clinical outcome. The authors review the use of @entity5074 for @entity4767 and review the literature on S. apiospermum associated with near drowning.

title: Scedosporium apiospermum brain abscess treated with surgery and XXXX . Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hypoxic injury']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system infections']

entities_list: @entity13443 :: ('MESH:D008271', 'Disease') :: ['Madura foot']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive infection']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

answer: @entity5074 :: (MESH:C102790,Chemical) :: ['voriconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 caused by cold storage (CS) and reperfusion of the kidney is often responsible for delayed graft function after transplantation. Significant attention has been focused on the cascade of events involved in @entity63 -reperfusion injury, with the objective of identifying drugs to ameliorate the functional damage that occurs. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the renal function of isolated perfused @entity1707 kidneys after 48 hr of CS with @entity7634 -Collins (EC) solution plus @entity1481 (EC+ @entity2904 ), standard EC solution, or University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Normothermic isolated perfused @entity1707 kidneys were randomized into five experimental groups: (A) control group (cold flush with cold heparinized saline and immediately reperfused; n=6); (B) cold flush with cold heparinized saline with @entity2904 (10(-6) M), n=6; (C) 48 hr of CS with EC and reperfusion (n=8); (D) 48 hr of CS with EC+ @entity2904 alone and reperfusion (n=8); (E) 48 hr of CS with UW and reperfusion (n=8). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical studies were performed for the functional evaluation during reperfusion. Lipid peroxidation was also determined. Histological examination (optical and electron microscopy) was performed after CS and reperfusion. RESULTS: Using @entity2904 , the renal perfusate flow rate as well as the glomerular filtration rate and proximal tubular function were significantly improved. This improvement of renal function during reperfusion was correlated with a less significant cellular and interstitial @entity4 . In addition, tubular injury markers were significantly lower in the group preserved with EC+ @entity2904 , and @entity2904 reduced lipid peroxidation dramatically during reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity2904 to the EC solution increased the preservation quality and renal tubular function, and gave protection from reperfusion injury better than EC alone or UW. These results strongly suggest that @entity2904 has a cytoprotective effect and may therefore be useful for kidney preservation.

title: @entity1481 prevents renal injury in the isolated perfused XXXX kidney exposed to prolonged @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetazidine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ivor Lewis minimally invasive oesophagectomy (ILMIE) is a complex surgery aiming to @entity5 and to create a new gastric tube in the abdomen. The objective was to assess the technical and early outcomes of ILMIE for gastric tube construction in the @entity1514 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 25 @entity5 @entity1 treated with ILMIE between August and December 2012. A gastric tube was constructed in the @entity1514 in all @entity1 . The gastric tube and the oesophagus were anastomosed using a circular stapler. Clinical data (age, gender, pathological pattern and TNM stage), surgical data (operation time, intraoperative @entity190 and @entity3816 ) and follow-up data ( @entity260 , length of stay, thoracic tube drainage time and time before eating) were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age was 61    8 years. Sixteen @entity1 were male and 9 were female. @entity5 was located in the middle oesophagus in 5 cases and in the lower oesophagus in 20. No conversion to open surgery was performed. The mean operative time and intraoperative @entity190 were 320    63 min and 137    95 ml, respectively. A mean of 2.4    0.5 linear stapler cartridges was used per @entity1 . A mean of 14.6    5.4 lymph nodes was dissected per @entity1 . Postoperative hospital stay was 13.2    2.4 days. Intraoperative and @entity260 occurred in 12% (3 of 25) and 20% (5 of 25) of @entity1 , respectively, including 1 case of anastomotic @entity292 . The @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 3.5    1.2 months, and there was no relapse or @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The construction of a gastric tube through the @entity1514 using ILMIE is feasible and safe in @entity1 with @entity5 . However, longer follow-up and larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate the oncological efficacy.

title: Technical and early outcomes of Ivor Lewis minimally invasive oesophagectomy for gastric tube construction in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['remove an oesophageal tumour', 'Oesophageal cancer', 'middle or lower oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic cavity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic cavity']


abstract: In @entity742 , growth and development of ovarian follicles beyond 2 mm in diameter is acutely dependent on gonadotropin support. As a consequence, following hypophysectomy (HPX) or @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ), growth of follicles beyond 2 mm is arrested and all follicles > 2 mm undergo @entity1146 . Although administration of exogenous gonadotropins stimulates follicular growth and ovulation in @entity2339 ewes, follicles in HPX ewes remain unresponsive unless @entity12550 ( @entity12550 ) is also given. To determine whether the difference in follicular sensitivity to gonadotropins after @entity2339 (gonadotropin sensitive) or HPX (gonadotropin insensitive) is related to the distribution and quantity of binding sites for FSH, LH, and/or @entity9418 ( @entity9418 ), binding sites for these hormones were localized and quantified using topical autoradiography in healthy follicles from control (pituitary-intact), @entity2339 , and HPX ewes. In addition, in situ hybridization was performed to localize mRNA for @entity12550 and FSH receptors. Irrespective of treatment, binding of FSH and mRNA for FSH receptor were greatest (p < 0.05) in the membrana granulosa; LH binding was greatest (p < 0.05) in the theca interna; and @entity9418 binding was greatest (p < 0.05) in the theca externa. Although the relative number of binding sites for LH did not differ among treatments, those for FSH and @entity9418 were lower (p < 0.05) in @entity2339 and HPX ewes compared to controls. Attempts to quantify binding sites for @entity12550 were unsuccessful due to high nonspecific binding. However, mRNA for @entity43872 was most abundant (p < 0.05) in the membrana granulosa and oocytes of small antral and preantral follicles. Compared to levels in controls and @entity2339 ewes, the level of @entity43872 mRNA was lower (p < 0.05) in follicles obtained from HPX ewes. On the basis of these data, failure of small antral follicles in HPX ewes to respond to exogenous gonadotropins is not due to a reduction in receptors for FSH, LH, or @entity9418 . The observed reduction of mRNA for @entity43872 in the membrana granulosa of follicles from HPX ewes provides evidence that @entity12550 may play an important role in early stages of folliculogenesis and that it is involved in the maintenance of sensitivity to gonadotropins.

title: Localization and quantification of binding sites for follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, XXXX , and @entity9418 in @entity742 ovarian follicles.

entities_list: @entity9418 :: ('443318(Tax:9940)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary stalk disconnection', 'HPD']

answer: @entity12550 :: (443329(Tax:9940),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: 1. Increased myoplasmic inorganic @entity1391 (P(i)) has been suggested to have an important role in skeletal muscle fatigue, especially in the early phase. In the present study we used intact fast-twitch muscle cells from @entity19 completely deficient in @entity908 kinase (CK(-/-)) to test this suggestion. These CK(-/-) muscle cells provide a good model since they display a higher P(i) concentration in the unfatigued state and fatigue without significant increase of @entity57064 . Tetanic contractions (350 ms duration) were produced in intact single muscle fibres. The free myoplasmic [ @entity141 ] ([ @entity141 ](i)) was measured with the fluorescent indicator indo-1. The force-[ @entity141 ](i) relationship was constructed from @entity116 at different frequencies. 3. Compared with wild-type fibres, CK(-/-) fibres displayed lower force in 100 Hz @entity116 and at saturating [ @entity141 ](i) (i.e. 100 Hz stimulation during @entity5834 exposure), higher tetanic [ @entity141 ](i) during the first 100 ms of tetanic stimulation, reduced myofibrillar @entity141 sensitivity when measurements were performed 100-200 ms into @entity116 , and slowed force relaxation that was due to altered cross-bridge kinetics rather than delayed @entity141 removal from the myoplasm. 4. In wild-type fibres, a series of 10 @entity116 resulted in reduced tetanic force, slowed force relaxation, and increased amplitude of [ @entity141 ](i) tails after @entity116 . None of these changes were observed in CK(-/-) fibres. 5. Complementary experiments on isolated fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles showed a reduction of tetanic force and relaxation speed in CK(-/-) muscles similar to those observed in single fibres. 6. In conclusion, increased P(i) concentration can explain changes observed in the early phase of skeletal muscle fatigue. Increased P(i) appears to be involved in both fatigue-induced changes of cross-bridge function and SR @entity141 handling.

title: Role of myoplasmic XXXX in contractile function of skeletal muscle: studies on @entity908 kinase-deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Alteration in the expression of @entity8206 ( @entity8206 ), @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity1552 ) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-AA) may contribute to poor healing in @entity3179 . AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the expression of @entity8206 , @entity1476 , @entity1552 and PDGF-AA in the @entity1066 exudates and perivascular tissue of healing and non-healing @entity3179 . @entity1 , MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity3179 were included in this study, with a mean age of 60 years. Eleven @entity1 were males and 29 were females. All @entity1 had normal ankle brachial index and a venous @entity1066 of at least 8 weeks duration. Immuno-histochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to PDGF-AA, @entity1476 , @entity1552 and @entity8206 was carried out on paraffin embedded punch biopsy skin specimens from the @entity1066 edge. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for PDGF, @entity1476 and @entity1552 were carried out on wound fluids collected from @entity1 . The @entity1066 size and character at the initial assessment and after 8 weeks were assessed to determine the status of @entity1066 . RESULTS: No significant difference was seen in the expression of @entity1552 , @entity1476 and @entity8206 between the two groups. However, in the non-healing group high levels of @entity1476 and low levels of @entity1552 in the wound fluid suggest a strong correlation of these two markers in the state of healing. Analysis of wound fluid by ELISA demonstrated high PDGF-AA in the healing group (p = 0.021). Significantly increased levels of PDGF-AA (p<0001) was noted in the perivascular area on immuno-histochemistry of healing @entity1066 . These data suggest that PDGF-AA plays an important role in healing of @entity3179 . CONCLUSION: Non-healing @entity3179 are associated with greater activity @entity1476 activity. The ratio of MMPs to their inhibitors TIMPs, dictate the rate of healing of the @entity1066 . PDGF-AA activity is associated with @entity1066 , though the mechanism is unclear. @entity8206 expression in @entity3179 probably parallels the chronicity of the condition rather than propagate it. However, further studies with larger samples are needed.

title: The impact of differential expression of @entity8206 , @entity1476 , tissue inhibitor of XXXX and PDGF-AA on the chronicity of @entity3179 .

entities_list: @entity8206 :: ('682', 'Gene') :: ['EMMPRIN', 'extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'chronic venous ulcers', 'venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare physical and psychological outcomes in @entity1 presenting at Accident and Emergency Departments (A_E), diagnosed with @entity1681 and admitted to hospital with those of a similar age, sex and severity of @entity221 discharged home. The physical and psychological well-being of @entity1 in these two groups, in the month after the episode, were compared as was further use of health care services. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. METHODS: A comparison of 116 @entity1 aged 1-6 years with @entity1681 , presenting at A_E over a 6 months period. Admitted @entity1 were compared with @entity1 discharged, of a similar age, sex and @entity221 severity (triage score) with follow-up at 1 week and 1 month. Clinical history, psychosocial factors, investigations and outcomes were recorded at presentation and physical, psychological and family outcomes at 1 week and 1 month. RESULTS: Of 116 @entity1 , 112 (97%) completed the study (56 in each group). No differences were detected in psychosocial factors, socio-economic status, family factors, time of arrival at A_E or waiting times. Parental perception of @entity221 was greater in the admitted group (P < 0.005), but was recorded after the decision on admission was made. At 1 week follow-up admitted @entity1 had increased separation @entity148 compared with @entity1 who were discharged (P < 0.05), but this difference disappeared at 1 month. Clinical outcomes were the same for both groups, although admitted @entity1 had more investigations (91% vs. 39%). Parents were equally satisfied with their @entity1 's treatment, but one-third of @entity1 in both groups sought further consultation with a health professional in the following week. CONCLUSIONS: There is no statistically significant difference in socio-demographic data, time of arrival at A_E, waiting times, clinical and psychosocial outcomes in @entity1 with @entity697 admitted to hospital compared with a group of @entity1 of similar age, gender and severity of @entity221 managed at home. However, parents seek reassurance and follow-up of acutely ill @entity1 , even if the @entity1 is admitted to hospital, which has service and resource implications.

title: A prospective cohort study comparing hospital admission for XXXX with home management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastro-enteritis']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-enteritis']

answer: @entity1681 :: (MESH:D004751,Disease) :: ['gastro-enteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review @entity130 to @entity1 on farms. METHODS: Between January 1988 and December 1999, childhood @entity130 referred to a @entity130 center were reviewed. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 under 19 years of age were identified. Mean age was 7.3 years. Male to female ratio was 2:1. A total of 31 of 45 (69%) survived. A total of 14 of 45 (31%) died. The mechanism of injury was tractor in 15 (33%), animals in 13 (29%), other machinery in 9 (20%), falls in 4 (9%), burns in 2 (4%), equipment in 1 (2%), and mechanism not documented in 1 (2%). Twelve deaths involved tractors or machinery (86%), and 2 involved animals (14%). Thirty of forty-five (67%) accidents occurred between June and October. A total of 28 of 45 (62%) occurred between 1 PM and 6 PM. Nine fatalities (64%) were supervised. Predominant @entity130 were orthopedic in 25 of 45 (56%), neurologic in 19 of 45 (42%), and thoracoabdominal in 10 of 45 (22%). Eighteen (40%) underwent orthopedic surgery. Six @entity1 (13%) had long-term disability. Seven survivors and 7 fatally injured @entity1 (31%) had @entity1230 . Seven of 14 fatalities (50%) had solitary @entity542 . The average transport time from scene to rural hospital was 1.5 hours, from rural hospital to @entity130 center, 2.3 hours. Twelve of fourteen fatalities (86%) were declared dead at the scene, and 2 died en route. CONCLUSION: Efforts must be focused to prevent tractor and animal @entity130 .

title: Farm accidents in XXXX : eleven years of experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['farm injuries', 'injuries', 'accidental injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In this study, we used @entity15739 , y-synuclein, @entity876 , @entity984 and epiregulin antibodies to localize stem cells by indirect immunocytochemistry in paraffin sections of normal and cancerous colon tissues. In the normal colon tissue, no staining of cells with @entity15739 , y-synuclein, @entity876 and @entity984 antibodies was observed, apart from a few scattered cells in between the colon villi that were faintly stained with antibodies to @entity15739 . Staining of highly differentiated @entity5 tissue with @entity15739 antibodies revealed single cells or clusters of up to 4 cells in the interior space of the @entity189 cell layers. Staining of poorly differentiated @entity5 tissues (stage I-IV) revealed 9-81 clustered stem cells. The number of clustered stem cells increased significantly with the @entity5 stage, when comparing stage II to stage IV (p<00048). Occasionally, the clustered stem cells appeared in the interphase between the colon stroma and the @entity5 tissue. Surprisingly, antibodies to @entity876 clearly stained the clusters of stem cells both in the nuclei and the cytoplasm. The staining of the nuclei of other cells in the undifferentiated @entity5 was in general weaker, and no staining was found in the cytoplasm. Antibodies to y-synuclein heavily stained the endothelial cells of the blood vessels and some other scattered cells in the highly differentiated @entity5 . Antibodies to y-synuclein heavily stained the stem cells in both the cytoplasm and the nuclei of poorly differentiated @entity5 . Antibodies to @entity984 stained the cytoplasm and the nuclei of stem cells in poorly differentiated @entity5 and also stained the cytoplasm of some scattered cells. Antibodies to epiregulin stained the cytoplasm of normal colon tissue cells in the crypt-villus axis. The antibodies weakly stained the highly differentiated @entity5 cells and moderately stained the moderately differentiated @entity5 cells. Of note, the antibodies intensively stained the clustered stem cells of the poorly differentiated @entity5 cells. These antibodies also clearly stained the clustered stem cells of poorly differentiated @entity5 but were not specific as they clearly stained cells in the crypt-villus axis of the normal colon wall. Our results show that @entity15739 antibodies can serve as a reliable marker for @entity694 stem cells. Once the colon stem cells are identified, the targeting of specific drugs to kill these cells should be attempted in the future in order to cure this disease. Moreover, the fact that we did not find any stained cells with antibodies to @entity15739 in normal tissues apart from a few scattered cells, suggests that the normal colon stem cells differ from the @entity5 stem cells at least as regards the expression of this protein. In addition, antibodies to y-synuclein, @entity876 and @entity984 only stained the @entity5 stem cells and not the normal tissue. Thus, they can serve as multiple biomarkers for the localization of @entity694 stem cells by indirect immunofluorescence.

title: Use of multiple biomarkers for the localization and characterization of XXXX stem cells by indirect immunocytochemistry.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Acute @entity101 responses during nitrous oxide-opioid-relaxant anesthesia are a common clinical problem. In adult @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy procedures and anesthetized with a standardized technique, we evaluated the effectiveness of @entity680 , @entity5161 , and @entity13673 in treating acute hemodynamic and stress hormone responses to surgical stimulation. Stress hormone concentrations were measured 1 min before skin incision, after the onset of an acute @entity101 response, and after returning the mean arterial pressure to within 10% of the preincision values with one of the three treatment modalities. Pretreatment plasma @entity680 concentrations (151 +/- 47 to 156 +/- 47 ng.ml-1) and end-tidal nitrous @entity8369 concentrations (66 +/- 2 to 68 +/- 2%) were similar in all three groups. Acute @entity101 events were associated with significantly increased concentrations of @entity2661 and @entity1951 ( @entity6085 [ @entity6085 ]). Whereas intravenous @entity680 returned all hormone concentrations to preincision values, @entity1063 and @entity413 concentrations were significantly increased after adjunctive @entity5161 administration. Although @entity13673 decreased the @entity1063 concentration, the @entity1425 , @entity4545 , @entity701 , @entity6085 , and @entity413 concentrations were significantly increased compared to preincision values. However, the persistent elevation in the posttreatment @entity6085 concentration in the @entity13673 group was the only significant difference between the three groups. Mean (+/- standard deviation) times to awakening (2.8 +/- 3.3 to 3.8 +/- 4.2 min), extubation (8.1 +/- 4.8 to 10.3 +/- 8.5 min), and orientation (19.6 +/- 20.4 to 24.6 +/- 19.1 min) were similar in all three groups. @entity1510 was required more frequently in @entity1 in the @entity680 (35%) and @entity5161 (24%) groups than in the @entity13673 group (4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of stress response during balanced anesthesia. Comparative effects of @entity5161 , @entity680 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity13673 :: ('MESH:D014294', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethaphan']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['ADH', 'antidiuretic hormone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity13673 :: (MESH:D014294,Chemical) :: ['trimethaphan']


abstract: The objective of this study was to predict @entity1578 and morbidity after hepatectomy for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with @entity82 . The @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score is currently accepted as a disease severity index of cirrhotic @entity1 awaiting liver transplantation; however, its impact on prognosis after resection of @entity157 on @entity82 has never been investigated. One hundred fifty-four cirrhotic @entity1 resected in a tertiary care setting for @entity157 were retrospectively analyzed. For each @entity1 , the @entity3851 score was calculated and related to @entity1578 and complications (morbidity). Hospital stay and 1-year survival was also investigated. @entity3851 accuracy in predicting @entity1578 and morbidity of cirrhotic @entity1 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Eleven @entity1 (7.1%) experienced @entity1578 leading to @entity204 or transplantation. ROC analysis identified cirrhotic @entity1 with a @entity3851 score equal to or above 11 at high risk for @entity1578 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87-0.96; sensitivity = 82%; specificity = 89%). Forty-six @entity1 (29.9%) developed at least 1 postoperative complication: ROC analysis identified @entity1 with a @entity3851 score equal to or above 9 at major risk for @entity260 (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78-0.89; sensitivity = 87%; specificity = 63%). Cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity3851 score below 9 had no @entity1578 and low morbidity (8.1%). In conclusion, the @entity3851 score can accurately predict @entity1578 and morbidity of cirrhotic @entity1 referred for resection of @entity157 and should be used to select the best candidates for hepatectomy.

title: Impact of @entity3851 ( XXXX ) score on prognosis after hepatectomy for @entity157 on @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'model for end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity3851 :: (MESH:D058625,Disease) :: ['MELD']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Taiwan, the Smoke-Free Restaurant Program (SFRP) was implemented from 2003 to 2005 as an initial phase before the introduction of restrictive legislation promoting smoke-free restaurants (SFRs). No studies have evaluated trends in public opinion before and after a national health promotion campaign for the introduction of SFRs on a @entity2798 . The present study investigated whether public opinion with respect to eliminating environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) in restaurants changed after implementation of the SFRP. METHODS: Data were obtained from four large-scale, nationally representative surveys conducted in 2003-2005 before and after implementation of the SFRP. Weighted analyses were performed to obtain nationally representative results. RESULTS: After a series of SFRP campaigns, reported exposure to ETS in restaurants by survey @entity1 decreased by approximately 14%. Approximately 20% more @entity1 had heard of SFRs, and approximately 25% more had chosen to dine in a smoke-free restaurant. We found consistently high community support for SFRs (ca. 95%), and approximately 80% supported smoke-free @entity1058 , although both rates dropped slightly in 2005. @entity1 aged 60 years or more, nonsmokers, and those who had greater knowledge of ETS hazards were more likely to support smoke-free @entity1058 . DISCUSSION: The SFRP was effective at promoting SFRs on a @entity2798 . Strong community endorsement has major implications for legislators who are considering the nature and extent of further smoke-free @entity1058 in Taiwan and other countries.

title: Moving toward XXXX 's needs for smoke-free restaurants: before and after a national promotion program in Taiwan, 2003-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['restaurant legislation']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary basis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: The autonomic circadian rhythm plays an important role in @entity565 . In recent years it has become possible to evaluate autonomic nervous function (ANF) using analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). We analyzed the HRV in the 24h period following the state without an @entity565 attack in order to study the relationship between @entity565 and ANF. The HRV was analyzed in 94 @entity748 @entity1 (ages 5-15 years). These subjects were divided into groups according to the severity of their @entity565 . After recording a 24h ambulatory electrocardiograph (AECG), the HRV was analyzed by a computer. Evaluation of the HRV was carried out using time-domain and frequency-domain analyses. The ANF of @entity565 subjects was decreased in comparison to the normal group. The severity of @entity565 had a significant effect on the %RR50 (the proportion of cycles during which the difference is > 50 ms), the SD (standard deviation; mean of standard deviation of all normal RR intervals for all 5-minute periods), the low-frequency (LF) band (0.04 to 0.15 Hz), and the high-frequency (HF) band (0.15 to 0.4 Hz) (%RR50: F = 4.31, p = 0.01; SD: F = 3.48, p = 0.03; LF: F = 3.67, p = 0.02; HF: F = 3.41, p = 0.03). These values were lowest in the severe @entity565 group. With regard to the therapy grouping, the index that exhibited a significant difference was the NNA (mean of normal-to-normal RR intervals over 24h) (F = 4.43, p = 0.01). In conclusion, even in the normal condition in which the @entity1 is free of an @entity565 attack, the ANF of @entity565 sufferers differs from that of normal @entity1 . It is possible that the different ANF of @entity565 sufferers is related to the severity of the @entity565 .

title: Heart rate variability during 24 hours in @entity748 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: For the diagnosis of @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ), confirmatory testing is mandatory and different function tests can be employed. There are, however, sparse data comparing the @entity7842 suppression test (FST) and the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). @entity1 with @entity1368 (n=90) or essential @entity101 (n=65) were studied. They underwent one or the other test or both of them. Using the DPC Siemens @entity1369 radioimmunoassay, we found that the @entity1062 led to a stronger suppression of @entity1369 than the FST. Post-test @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratios (ARRs) and the percentage of suppression of @entity1369 serum concentrations performed worse. The same results were observed in @entity1 who underwent both FST and @entity1062 . Some @entity1 had divergent results in both tests. For the @entity1062 , a lower cutoff value should be used than for the FST for the adequate identification of @entity1 with unilateral @entity1368 . Long-term prospective studies are needed to address the question at what cutoff values @entity1 benefit from subtype differentiation of @entity1368 . We discuss here possible explanations for divergent results obtained with both tests.

title: Comparison of the @entity1062 and the @entity7842 suppression test for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'saline infusion test']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary aldosteronism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity29 has been reported to have varying frequencies in different parts of the world, and there seem to be significant differences in the disease pattern and clinical course in cases of @entity31 ( @entity31 ). The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and disease pattern of @entity31 in Oman. METHOD: A prospective study, over a period of 8 years (1987-1994), was performed to study 108 @entity1 found to have @entity31 . RESULTS: The annual incidence of @entity31 was 1.35/100,000. The disease was mainly seen in the middle and upper middle class group, and the majority were nonsmokers or exsmokers. There was no significant difference in the incidence of the disease between nationalities or sexes. Total @entity1960 was seen in 18%, and a significant number had disease extending up to the @entity4558 . @entity4272 was seen in 8%. Although, the extent of the disease was similar to reports from the West, these @entity1 had fewer hospital admissions, blood transfusions and none of them suffered local complications such as @entity137 , perforation or severe @entity548 . @entity991 occurred in 2 @entity1 . @entity1 were followed up for a maximum period of up to 7 years after diagnosis and none developed @entity1141 or @entity5 . Three @entity1 had surgery mainly for failure of medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: From this report it seems that @entity31 occurs in Oman at a lower frequency compared to the West. Although, the extent of the disease was similar to Europeans, these @entity1 had less severe disease with fewer complications.

title: XXXX in Oman. A prospective study of the incidence and disease pattern from 1987 to 1994.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['Proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Abnormal myocardial acoustic properties have been reported in @entity1 with @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quantitative ultrasonic textural alterations of myocardium and clinical outcome in @entity1000 . METHODS: Baseline clinical and echocardiographic variables were obtained from 28 @entity1 with @entity1000 . By using a videodensitometric approach, quantitative myocardial texture analysis was performed on images obtained from septum and posterior wall (PW). Cyclic variation (CV) index of mean gray level (MGL) was calculated according to the formula: (MGLdiast-MGLsyst)/MGLdiastx100. All @entity1 were followed for an average of 11+/-5 months for the occurrence of @entity204 or repeated hospitalization due to worsening of @entity712 . RESULTS: During follow-up, 10 @entity1 experienced @entity299 (6 @entity204 and 4 @entity712 events). The CV indexes of both septum and PW were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity299 than those of event free @entity1 (6.8+/-9.6% vs. 13.6+/-8.2%, P<0.05 and 5.3+/-6.4% vs.15.7+/-7.2% P<0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis defined the following variables as predictors of outcome: PW-CV index (chi2=13.0, P=0.0003), transmitral E/A ratio (chi2=12.5, P=0.0004), symptom status (chi2=8.7, P=0.003), and septum-CV index (chi2=4.7, P=0.03). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the PW-CV index (chi2=7.5, P=0.006) and E/A ratio (chi2=6.5, P=0.01) were the independent predictors of outcome. The event-free survival rate of @entity1 with PW-CV index <11% was significantly lower than those with an index > or = 11 (35.7% vs. 92.8%, P=0,001). CONCLUSION: The assessment of severely depressed CV index provides valuable prognostic information in @entity1 with @entity1000 .

title: Prognostic implication of myocardial texture analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Benign recurrent @entity9744 is a rare disorder of unknown etiology and has not yet been reported in Taiwan. We report a case with a typical clinical course. A 17-year-old Taiwanese @entity1 had three episodes of @entity111 and @entity1087 from February 1993 to July 1995, each lasting 3 to 4 months. @entity1087 spontaneously subsided and he was symptom-free during periods of remission. A fourth episode of @entity111 began in July 1995, with @entity1087 developing later and lasting for 3 months. Laboratory tests revealed direct @entity3638 . Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed normal intra- and extrahepatic biliary trees. Light microscopy of a liver biopsy sample revealed hepatocellular and canalicular @entity1448 with bile retention in the Kupffer cells. Benign recurrent @entity9744 was diagnosed after exclusion of other possible causes of @entity1087 . The @entity1 made an uneventful recovery.

title: Benign recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'Jaundice']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity9744 :: (MESH:D002780,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']


abstract: AIM: To examine the expression of @entity18760 , a member of the transforming growth factor (TGFbeta) superfamily, recently has been reported to be overexpressed in liver @entity82 , in the course of @entity4314 -induced @entity35 @entity1575 . METHODS: @entity1575 was induced in @entity35 by subcutaneous injections of 40% @entity4314 oily solution for a period of 1 to 7 weeks. At the end of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks after @entity4314 injections, the @entity35 were killed in group (6-10 @entity35 each time) for study. The @entity18760 messenger RNA expression and its protein localization were assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The normal @entity35 liver expressed @entity18760 mRNA and protein, and its expression was transiently decreased and became undetectable after @entity4314 injections for 2 or 3 weeks and then increased gradually. After injection of @entity4314 for 6 and 7 weeks, @entity18760 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly enhanced in @entity35 liver. Compared with that of the normal @entity35 liver. @entity18760 mRNA expression levels in @entity35 receiving @entity4314 injections for 6 and 7 weeks were 1.6 and 2.2 times that of those in normal @entity35 liver respectively (0.456 +/- 0.094 vs 0.2860.0670, P< 0.01; 0.620 +/- 0.134 vs 0.286 +/- 0670, P< 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that @entity18760 expressed in hepatocytes of normal liver, and its expression was decreased in @entity35 receiving @entity4314 for 2 or 3 weeks. Compared with normal liver, @entity18760 expression distribution mode changed in fibrotic liver, being increased significantly in hepatocytes around fibrotic areas. CONCLUSION: @entity18760 expression was increased in late stage of @entity1575 , and this may be involved in @entity1575 formation in this period.

title: Expression changes of XXXX in the development of @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis', 'Hepatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity18760 :: (29200(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['activin A']


abstract: Replication factor C is required to load proliferating cell nuclear antigen onto primer-template junctions, using the energy of @entity855 hydrolysis. Four of the five RFC genes have consensus @entity855 -binding motifs. To determine the relative importance of these sites for proper DNA metabolism in the cell, the conserved @entity376 in the Walker A motif of @entity12854 , @entity12855 , @entity12856 , or @entity12857 was mutated to either @entity369 or @entity367 . @entity369 mutations in all RFC genes tested permitted cell growth, although poor growth was observed for @entity12855 - @entity53208 . A @entity367 substitution resulted in lethality in @entity12855 and @entity12856 but not in @entity12854 or @entity12857 . Most double mutants combining mutations in two RFC genes were inviable. Except for the @entity12854 - @entity53209 and @entity12857 - @entity53210 mutants, which were phenotypically similar to wild type in every assay, the mutants were sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. The @entity12855 - @entity53208 and @entity12857 - @entity22853 mutants show checkpoint defects, most likely in the intra-S phase checkpoint. Regulation of the damage-inducible @entity48437 promoter was impaired in these mutants, and phosphorylation of @entity16387 in response to DNA damage was specifically defective when cells were in S phase. No @entity154 in telomere length regulation were detected in the mutants. These data demonstrate that the @entity855 binding function of @entity12855 is important for both DNA replication and checkpoint function and, for the first time, that @entity12857 also plays a role in checkpoint regulation.

title: XXXX utilization by yeast replication factor C. IV. RFC @entity855 -binding mutants show defects in DNA replication, DNA repair, and checkpoint regulation.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic defects']

entities_list: @entity53208 :: ('p|SUB|K|71|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K71R']

entities_list: @entity53210 :: ('p|SUB|K|55|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K55E']

entities_list: @entity22853 :: ('p|SUB|K|55|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K55R']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pancreatic @entity3 accounts for 2% of @entity1358 cases. Surgical management is typically recommended because of the limited value of immunotherapy as an effective treatment. @entity2240 recently showed clinical efficacy in @entity1 with @entity1358 . We report a series of @entity1 with pancreatic @entity3 treated with @entity2240 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied a population of 15 adults with pancreatic @entity3 of @entity1358 at 1 center in France and at 2 in the United States who were treated with @entity2240 between 2005 and 2007. @entity2240 monotherapy was given at a dose of 50 mg orally in 6-week cycles, consisting of 4 weeks of treatment followed by 2 weeks of rest. All clinical and radiological data were analyzed. RESULTS: At a median followup of 20 months the overall @entity5 response using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors was 34%. Median time to relapse was 20 months. Two deaths were noted and median survival was not attained. Responses in the pancreatic @entity3 were seen in 28% of @entity1 and were stable in 72%. The main grade 3 and 4 adverse events were @entity294 in 7% of cases and fatigue in 7%. Only grade 1 increased lipase was noted in 27% of @entity1 and no increase in amylase was noted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2240 is effective in @entity1 with pancreatic @entity3 . This raises the question of whether @entity1 with @entity1358 limited to the pancreas may derive greater clinical benefit from anti-angiogenic agents, rather than from aggressive surgical resection. However, surgery remains the only potential cure in @entity1 with isolated pancreatic @entity3 .

title: Response of XXXX pancreatic @entity3 to @entity2240 treatment: a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'advanced renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Cryptosporidiosis, previously seen mostly among immunocompromised @entity1 , is now recognized among immunocompetent @entity1 . During a large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in two day-care centers, we compared two procedures for the demonstration of the organism in preserved stool specimens. Of 703 stool specimens tested by both techniques, Sheather @entity969 flotation (SSF) identified 127 (18.1%) as positive for Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts. Ritchie @entity406 - @entity1046 sedimentation (F/EA) plus a modified cold Kinyoun acid-fast stain ( @entity16410 ) of the sediment identified 129 (18.4%) as positive for Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts. The degree of agreement between the two tests was statistically highly significant (P less than 0.0001). A total of 161 (22.9%) were positive by one technique or the other; 95 (13.5%) were positive by both techniques. A total of 32 specimens were positive by SSF but negative by F/EA plus @entity16410 , and 34 specimens were positive by F/EA plus @entity16410 but negative by SSF. The discrepancies between the two techniques occurred in stool specimens that contained rare to a few oocysts. Other parasitic forms were found by both techniques. F/EA plus trichrome staining recovered 126 (17.9%) specimens with @entity461 , whereas SSF recovered only 42 (6.0%) specimens with @entity461 . No association (chi 2 = 0.02, P = 0.89) was observed between the presence of @entity461 and Cryptosporidium sp. in these stool specimens. We concluded that F/EA plus @entity16410 of the sediment was as effective in the concentration and identification of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts as SSF. F/EA plus @entity16410 may be advantageous as a single concentration method for general parasitology when Cryptosporidium sp. is also being sought.

title: Comparison of sedimentation and flotation techniques for identification of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in a large outbreak of XXXX diarrhea.

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia', 'G. lamblia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the risk of @entity356 in @entity1 with histologically verified @entity1141 and @entity4726 of the stomach. METHODS: One hundred and one @entity1 with mild (n = 84), moderate (n = 14), or severe (n = 3) @entity1141 among 359 elderly @entity1 who smoked underwent gastroscopy because of low serum pepsinogen. @entity1 with @entity1141 were prospectively followed up for an average of four years with repeated gastroscopies and multiple biopsies. RESULTS: Four of the 84 (4.8%) cases of mild @entity1141 had progressed to moderate @entity1141 during the follow up. Most of the cases of mild @entity1141 had resolved spontaneously. No surgical intervention was required. Three of the 14 (21%) cases of moderate @entity1141 had progressed to severe @entity1141 , but no @entity189 were observed during follow up. Five moderately @entity75 were removed surgically or endoscopically. In two of these five cases, moderate or severe @entity1141 recurred. Two of the three severe @entity1141 progressed to @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity4726 of mild and moderate @entity75 seems to be a slow process and is rare in mild @entity1141 . However, severe @entity1141 is highly predictive of subsequent @entity5 . It is suggested that a five year follow up interval is sufficient in cases with mild @entity1141 and two years in those with moderate @entity1141 . Local @entity19354 is indicated but does not guarantee that the lesion will not progress. @entity12341 requires immediate surgical intervention.

title: Risk of @entity356 in XXXX with mucosal dysplasia associated with @entity4726 : a follow up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis progression', 'atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19354 :: ('MESH:C565640', 'Disease') :: ['removal of moderate dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity12341 :: ('MESH:C563736', 'Disease') :: ['Severe dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'dysplasias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A double blind study to compare the efficacy of oral UFT (400 mg Tegafur (FT) plus 896 mg @entity5537 /day) with that of oral FT (800 mg/day) on @entity0 was performed between November, 1986, and November, 1989. Sixty @entity1 were registered for the trial and fifty-six cases were evaluated (28 for UFT and 28 for FT). The primary end points in the study were response rate and time to relapse. There were no significant differences in @entity1 ' characteristics in either group. The objective response rates were 39% (11/28; 95% confidence interval (C.I.), 22-59%) in UFT and 21% (6/28; 95% C.I., 8-41%) in FT, without statistical significance (P = 0.25). For time to relapse, a trend was seen in favor of UFT, but this effect did not achieve statistical significance (P = 0.09). Both subjective and objective adverse effects were similar between the two treatments. The overall survivals were similar in both parts of the study. The size of the trial was too small for a definite conclusion to be drawn although, for both response rate and time to relapse, a trend was seen in favor of UFT. A large scale randomized study will be necessary to compare the drugs in the management of @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: A double blind comparative study of tegafur (FT) and UFT (a combination of Tegafur and @entity5537 ) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2971 originate from ovarian, testicular and extragonadal germ cells. @entity5 stem cells can retain most of the features of germ cells and form @entity4797 or @entity5000 or, transform into developmentally pluripotent @entity2085 cells and give rise to @entity44 or @entity14641 . @entity5 can be experimentally produced in @entity19 from early @entity19 embryos transplanted to extrauterine sites. The malignant stem cells of @entity14641 , called in analogy with their @entity1 counterparts @entity189 ( @entity189 ), can be isolated and grown in culture and or propagated indefinitely by isotransplantation in syngeneic inbred @entity19 . When injected into the blastocyst, i.e., the embryonic environment from which they have been originally isolated, @entity189 cells lose their @entity5 and become benign, participating in the normal development of the injected blastocyst. Injection of @entity189 cells into blastocysts has been used to generate @entity19 . Developmentally pluripotent non-neoplastic @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cells can be produced from @entity19 blastocysts cultured in vitro. These cells are developmentally similar to @entity189 cells. In contrast to @entity189 cells, @entity2085 cells injected into adult @entity19 do not produce @entity14641 but only @entity44 . Similar @entity2085 cells were produced from @entity1 blastocysts cultured in vitro. @entity1 @entity2085 injected into @entity19 produce @entity44 composed of various somatic tissues. @entity1 @entity2085 cells resemble @entity19 @entity2085 cells, but differ from @entity1 @entity189 cells. Like their @entity19 equivalents, @entity1 @entity2085 cells could be used for generating experimental models of @entity66 and, hopefully, for cell therapy in not so distant future.

title: From stem cells to germ cell XXXX and back.

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'embryonic stem']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['Germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Similar tumors', 'Tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity74 present an increased production of IgE, which is usually limited to specific antibodies against various environmental allergens. It has also been suggested that the production of these antibodies may be influenced by effective @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). Of course, a decline of serum antigen specific IgE in the course of such a treatment cannot explain the clinical efficacy of @entity6542 and is probably not a key mechanism. However, @entity6542 may at least participate in the final clinical result. In this study, 37 @entity1 with @entity483 were treated with @entity566 vaccines (Novo-Helisen Depot) for a time period of 48 months. The control group consisted of 29 @entity1 with @entity483 who were treated with classical methods. The clinical score (W-AZS), total IgE and antigen specific IgE (asIgE) in the sera of @entity1 were assessed before treatment and after 24 and 48 months of therapy (FEIA CAP System, Pharmacia). There was a significant difference between the two investigated groups from both the clinical and immunological standpoints after 2 and 4 years of observation. There was a significant decrease of serum total IgE and asIgE (directed against airborne allergens) in the course of @entity6542 . In the control group, the total IgE level tended to increase, and this tendency was also recorded in case of asIgE measurements. We also evaluated the influence of @entity6542 on the serum level of @entity379 , sIL-2R, @entity3646 , @entity225 and @entity688 before treatment and after 4 years of therapy with the quantitative 2-step colorimetric sandwich ELISA method (R and D Systems). In the group of @entity1 treated with @entity566 vaccines, a significant decrease of the serum sIL-2R level was observed after 48 months of therapy (p<0.01). In the control group, a significant increase of serum @entity3646 (p<0.01) as well as @entity225 (p<0.05) was registered at the end of the observation period. There was no significant correlation between the clinical score and serum level of any of the investigated cytokines in either group of @entity1 before the treatment or after 48 months of therapy.

title: Immunological parameters in the sera of @entity1 with XXXX and airborne @entity566 treated with @entity566 vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disorders']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']