abstract: Thirty-nine subjects volunteered for this blinded, randomized, and controlled study to assess the clinical examination skills of orthopaedic surgeons with fellowship training in sports medicine. Eighteen of the @entity1 had 19 chronic isolated posterior cruciate ligament tears. The controls were 9 @entity1 with 9 anterior cruciate @entity942 knees, 12 subjects with normal knees, and the contralateral normal knees of the @entity942 @entity1 . To eliminate preexamination bias, all examiners were blinded from the examinee's history, identity, and diagnosis. The overall clinical examination accuracy for all orthopaedic surgeons was 96%. The accuracy for detecting a posterior cruciate ligament tear was 96%, with a 90% sensitivity and a 99% specificity. The examination accuracy was higher for grade II and III posterior laxity than for grade I laxity. Eighty-one percent of the time, the examiners agreed on the grade of the posterior cruciate ligament tear for any given @entity1 . The posterior drawer test, which included palpation of the tibia-femur step-off, was the most sensitive and specific clinical test. A thorough and precise physical examination, coupled with a @entity1 history, can be considered diagnostic in the majority of isolated posterior cruciate @entity130 . With this accuracy level known, the natural history of isolated posterior cruciate ligament tears can be reliably documented and studied.

title: The accuracy of the clinical examination in the setting of posterior cruciate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injuries']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['ligament-deficient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injuries']


abstract: Kazal-type inhibitors play several important roles in invertebrates, such as anticoagulant, vasodilator and antimicrobial activities. Putative Kazal-type inhibitors were described in several insect transcriptomes. In this paper we characterized for the first time a Kazal unique domain trypsin inhibitor from the @entity4224 mosquito. Previously, analyses of sialotranscriptome of A. aegypti showed the potential presence of a Kazal-type @entity563 protease inhibitor, in female salivary glands, carcass and also in whole male, which we named AaTI (A. aegypti trypsin inhibitor). AaTI sequence showed @entity535 sequence similarity with insect thrombin inhibitors, @entity563 protease inhibitor from @entity11320 hemocytes and tryptase inhibitor from leech Hirudo medicinalis (LDTI). In this work we expressed, purified and characterized the recombinant AaTI (rAaTI). Molecular weight of purified rAaTI was 7 kDa rAaTI presented dissociation constant (K(i)) of 0.15 and 3.8 nM toward trypsin and plasmin, respectively, and it weakly inhibited thrombin amidolytic activity. The rAaTI was also able to prolong prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time. AaTI transcription was confirmed in A. aegypti female salivary gland and gut 3 h and 24 h after blood feeding, suggesting that this molecule can act as anticoagulant during the feeding and digestive processes. Its transcription in larvae and pupae suggested that AaTI may also play other functions during the mosquito's development.

title: A novel trypsin Kazal-type inhibitor from XXXX with thrombin coagulant inhibitory activity.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity11320 :: ('6689', 'Species') :: ['Litopenaeus vannamei']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: @entity2314 ( @entity2314 ) is a @entity2315 . The prevalence and clinical spectrum is higher than previously thought. The average time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis is 10 years. Early identification of @entity1 is essential to institute enzyme therapy and reduce morbidity. We report the case of a 76-year-old @entity1 , who presented with loss of @entity1662 following exertional @entity662 . He was found to have tortuous corneal vessels, > 100 @entity2695 on his trunk, and @entity15967 on his scrotum. The latter were indistinguishable from @entity15967 , a diagnosis reported in 15% of @entity1 over the age of 50 years, and generally ignored by them. The @entity1 's a-galactosidase levels were low, and a mutation in exon 5 of the @entity10153 gene was identified on DNA analysis, confirming the diagnosis of @entity2314 . This case highlights the importance of considering a diagnosis of @entity2314 in all male @entity1 with @entity15967 . It also raises the question of whether the presence of multiple @entity2695 in @entity1 with @entity299 should raise the possible diagnosis of @entity2314 .

title: Late-onset @entity2314 associated with XXXX and multiple @entity2695 .

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['cherry angiomas']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity15967 :: ('MESH:D000794', 'Disease') :: ['angiokeratoma of Fordyce', 'angiokeratoma', 'angiokeratomas']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity15967 :: (MESH:D000794,Disease) :: ['angiokeratoma of Fordyce']


abstract: The mechanism involved in neuronal apoptosis is largely unknown. Studies performed on neuronal cell cultures provide information about the pathways which orchestrate the process of neuronal loss and potential drugs for the treatment of @entity16 . In the present study we select @entity4025 , a natural antioxidant, as a potential drug for the treatment of @entity179 . We evaluate the neuroprotective effects of @entity4025 in two apoptotic models in @entity35 cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs): the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I using @entity9013 ( @entity9016 ) (an in vitro model of @entity191 ) and serum @entity972 withdrawal. We study the role of the @entity1 @entity11935 ( @entity4093 ) in the process of neuroprotection mediated by @entity4025 . Because recent studies have demonstrated that @entity4093 is involved in cell survival and has antiaging properties, we also measured changes in the expression of this protein after the addition of these two apoptotic stimuli. @entity9016 --induced loss of cell viability and apoptosis in CGNs was prevented by the addition of RESV (1 microM to 100 microM). However, the neuroprotective effects were not mediated by the activation of @entity4093 , since @entity11936 -an inhibitor of this enzyme--did not attenuate them. Furthermore @entity9016 decreases the protein expression of @entity4093 . RESV did not prevent serum @entity972 withdrawal-induced apoptosis although it did completely attenuate oxidative stress production by these apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, serum @entity972 withdrawal increases the expression of @entity4093 . Our results indicate that the antiapoptotic effects of RESV in @entity9016 are independent of the stimulation of @entity4093 and depend on its antioxidant properties. Furthermore, because @entity4093 is involved in neuronal survival depending on the apoptotic stimuli, changes in the expression of @entity4093 could be involved in the regulation of the apoptotic route.

title: Comparative analysis of the effects of XXXX in two apoptotic models: inhibition of complex I and @entity972 deprivation in cerebellar neurons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity11935 :: ('22933', 'Gene') :: ['silent information regulator 2']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity9013 :: ('MESH:D015655', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium']

answer: @entity4025 :: (MESH:C059514,Chemical) :: ['resveratrol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The initial findings from the Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest (POCA) Registry (1994-1997) revealed that medication-related causes, often @entity65 from @entity1508 , were the most common. Changes in pediatric anesthesia practice may have altered the causes of @entity1167 in anesthetized @entity1 . METHODS: Nearly 80 North American institutions that provide anesthesia for @entity1 voluntarily enrolled in the Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest Registry. A standardized data form for each perioperative @entity1167 in @entity1 </=18 yr of age was submitted anonymously. We analyzed causes of anesthesia-related cardiac arrests and related factors in 1998-2004. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2004, 193 arrests (49%) were related to anesthesia. Medication-related arrests accounted for 18% of all arrests, compared with 37% from 1994 to 1997 (P < 0.05). Cardiovascular causes of @entity1167 were the most common (41% of all arrests), with @entity3485 from @entity190 and @entity4144 from transfusion of stored blood the most common identifiable cardiovascular causes. Among respiratory causes of arrest (27%), @entity1224 from @entity8822 was the most common cause. @entity1317 incurred during placement of central venous catheters was the most common equipment-related cause of arrest. The cause of arrest varied by phase of anesthesia care (P < 0.01). Cardiovascular and respiratory causes occurred most commonly in the surgical and postsurgical phases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in the proportion of arrests related to @entity65 due to @entity1508 may be related to the declining use of @entity1508 in pediatric anesthetic practice. The incidence of the most common remaining causes of arrest in each category may be reduced through preventive measures.

title: Anesthesia-related XXXX in @entity1 : update from the Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular depression']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Immature eggs were recovered from freshly excised ovaries from @entity468 , and initially 931 eggs with a compact cumulus and uniform cytoplasm were cultured in 1 of 15 treatments. Eagle's minimum essential medium containing @entity1160 and @entity2388 was supplemented with 5% (v/v) fetal calf serum (FCS), 4 mg bovine serum albumin (BSA) ml-1 or 2 mg @entity4832 ml-1 ( @entity939 ; non-protein control). Within each of these supplement groups, eggs were cultured with: no hormone; LH+FSH; LH+FSH+ @entity53 ; or LH+FSH+ @entity53 + @entity1420 . After incubation for 52 h, eggs were inseminated with conspecific fresh spermatozoa, cultured and examined for stage of meiotic maturation and @entity52 ( @entity52 ). There were fewer (P < 0.05) eggs maturing to metaphase II in vitro in FCS compared with BSA or @entity939 , the last two treatments producing similar (P < 0.05) results. Gonadotrophins in concert with @entity53 or @entity53 + @entity1420 improved the incidence of maturation (P < or = 0.01) compared with no added hormones. The incidence of fertilization and cleavage in vitro ranged from 5.2 to 33.9% and varied (P < 0.05) with hormone subtreatment. Adding FSH+LH+ @entity53 consistently increased the incidence of @entity52 approximately twofold compared with controls with no added hormones. Although it inhibited the ability of eggs to reach metaphase II, FCS in the presence of gonadotrophins and @entity53 allowed > 60% of mature eggs to fertilize in vitro (P < 0.05, compared with @entity939 and BSA). Inhibitory effects on egg maturation were further evaluated by testing four FCS batches from three commercial sources against BSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of protein and hormone supplementation on in vitro maturation and fertilization of XXXX eggs.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cats']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['domestic cat']


abstract: We have studied biochemical and behavioral effects of chronic @entity2819 administration in two inbred @entity35 stains (Fischer 344 and Lewis), known to differ in their @entity2339 and in their behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. First, we studied @entity2819 regulation of phosphoproteins in the ventral tegmental area of sham- and @entity2819 -treated Fischer and Lewis @entity35 , by means of back-phosphorylation and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis. @entity2819 administration upregulated @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactivity and decreased glial-fibrillary acidic protein phosphorylation state in the ventral tegmental area of Fischer @entity35 only, with no changes seen in Lewis @entity35 . We also studied @entity2819 effects on locomotor sensitization to @entity2072 , a behavior known to be regulated by the ventral tegmental area. In Fischer @entity35 , chronic @entity2819 pretreatment resulted in development of @entity2072 sensitization, which was absent in sham-pretreated Fischer @entity35 . In contrast, Lewis @entity35 developed @entity2072 sensitization either with or without @entity2819 pretreatment. Thus, both biochemical and behavioral effects of @entity2819 observed in Fischer @entity35 were absent in Lewis @entity35 . We next studied the possibility that certain transcription factors, thought to play a role in @entity669 hydroxylase expression, could be involved in these strain-selective effects of @entity2819 . @entity2819 treatment decreased levels of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area of Lewis @entity35 , but not of Fischer @entity35 . In addition, drug-naive Fischer @entity35 showed higher ventral tegmental area levels of immunoreactivity of @entity1919 response element binding protein than Lewis @entity35 , with no effect of @entity2819 observed in either strain. These findings suggest that @entity2339 modulation of responses to drugs of abuse is a genetically determined characteristic seen in Fischer @entity35 , but absent in Lewis @entity35 . We propose that @entity2819 administration down-regulates the glucocorticoid receptor in the ventral tegmental area of Lewis @entity35 , and thereby prevents other adaptations to @entity2819 treatment, while in the ventral tegmental area of Fischer @entity35 the lack of glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation and the high basal levels of @entity1919 response element binding protein could facilitate the transcriptional, biochemical and behavioral actions of glucocorticoids.

title: Strain-selective effects of @entity2819 on locomotor sensitization to XXXX and on levels of @entity669 hydroxylase and glucocorticoid receptor in the ventral tegmental area.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of B-lymphocyte dysfunction on the serum @entity920 , @entity4259 and @entity219 levels of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 , and to provide evidence for clinical practice. METHODS: Sixty @entity309 @entity1 enrolled in our hospital from August 2009 to August 2013 were selected as the observation group. Another 60 healthy subjects who received physical examinations in our hospital were selected as the control group. Their @entity8410 ( @entity8410 ) levels and @entity1075 (+) @entity2902 (+) lymphocyte percentages were determined. The levels of trace elements were measured, and correlation analysis was performed. RESULTS: The @entity8410 levels of the observation group and the control group were (0.39  0.21) ng/ml and (0.13  0.04) ng/ml respectively, which were significantly different (P<0.05). The percentages of @entity2902 (+), @entity1075 (+) and @entity1075 (+) @entity2902 (+) lymphocytes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The serum @entity920 , @entity4259 and @entity219 levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the @entity8410 level was correlated with the levels of @entity920 , @entity4259 and @entity219 respectively (r=-0.541, -0.370, -0.430, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity309 may be induced by @entity8410 -mediated @entity8624 , accompanied by decreased expressions of @entity920 , @entity4259 and @entity219 .

title: Effects of B-lymphocyte dysfunction on the serum @entity920 , @entity4259 and @entity219 levels of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8410 :: ('10673', 'Gene') :: ['BlyS', 'B-lymphocyte stimulator']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['B-lymphocyte dysplasia and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity2254 evokes blood pressure responses that are dose-dependent in magnitude and in shape. At a high dose, @entity2254 evokes a response that decays biphasically. Response decay is not due to receptor desensitization or to decreasing plasma levels of drug. The first component of the biphasic decay (early, transient response) has an apparent peak of approximately 56 mm Hg and a rate constant for decay of approximately 0.043- @entity1009 . The second component (late, relatively stable response) has an apparent peak of approximately 27 mm Hg and a rate constant for decay less than 0.0043- @entity1009 . Chronic @entity2515 treatment diminishes the blood pressure response to a high dose of @entity2254 , but it exerts a differential effect on the two components of the response. The ID50 for reducing the early, transient response is greater than 800 micrograms/kg; the ID50 for reducing the late, relatively stable response is approximately 100 micrograms/kg. Acute @entity2515 treatment enhances blood pressure responses to @entity2254 , mainly by enhancing the early, transient response. In addition, acutely administered @entity2515 reverses the tachyphylactic effect of @entity2254 . The data are used to construct a model for @entity1063 storage in postganglionic sympathetic nerves and to propose a model for @entity2254 -induced tachyphylaxis.

title: Evidence that there are subcellular pools of XXXX and that there is flux of @entity1063 between these pools.

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine', 'd-Amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: This is a comparison of the rate of surgical complications in a group of @entity1 with advanced but operable @entity135 who underwent surgery after preoperative radiotherapy (5000 rad in five weeks, 200 rad fractions, directed to the @entity5 area and neck) versus another group operated without prior irradiation. Both groups of @entity1 formed part of a randomized prospective multiinstitutional trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (73-03). Of 229 @entity1 who had planned operations, 88 (38%) developed some @entity532 , and in 28 (12%) the complications were rated as severe. The most frequently reported complications were @entity245 and @entity292 formation each occurring in approximately one-fourth of each of the two treatment groups. Carotid blow-out occurred in 5% or less of the cases. No significant statistical difference between treatment groups was noted for the overall complication rate or specific @entity532 . A trend was noted towards more complications in the preoperative group for @entity1 with lesions in the oropharynx and supraglottic larynx. However, an opposite trend towards more complications in the no prior irradiation group was observed among @entity1 with lesions in the oral cavity and hypopharynx. Surgical mortality and postoperative hospital stay were not significantly different between treatment groups. We conclude that preoperative irradiation for @entity135 , with the stated dose, followed by surgery in 4-6 weeks, does not substantially increase the rate of overall or specific @entity532 , surgical mortality or hospital stay versus those @entity1 operated without prior irradiation.

title: Does preoperative irradiation increase the rate of surgical complications in XXXX ? A Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Report.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['type of surgical complications', 'degree of surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Prevention of postoperative recurrence after resection for @entity30 ( @entity30 ) would be of great clinical benefit. The efficacy of oral @entity4184 for prevention of endoscopic recurrence was evaluated in @entity1 undergoing resection for ileal or ileocecal @entity30 . METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 received @entity4184 and 66 received placebo in a double-blind, randomized trial with parallel groups. Ileocolonoscopy, including biopsy, was performed after 3 and 12 months. Indications for surgery were fibrostenosis (78 @entity1 ), disease activity (41), and other reasons (10). RESULTS: The frequency of endoscopic recurrence did not differ between the groups at 3 and 12 months. In @entity1 with disease activity as indication for surgery, the endoscopic recurrence rate at the @entity254 was lower in the @entity4184 group at 3 months, although not significantly (21% vs. 47%; P = 0.11), and at 12 months (32% vs. 65%; P = 0.047). There was no such difference with respect to fibrostenosis as indication for surgery. No differences in adverse event patterns were found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity4184 , 6 mg daily, offered no benefit in prevention of endoscopic recurrence after surgery for ileal/ileocecal fibrostenotic @entity30 but decreased the recurrence rate in @entity1 who had undergone surgery for disease activity.

title: Oral @entity4184 for prevention of postsurgical recurrence in XXXX . The IOIBD @entity4184 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: By sporadic examination of 492 wild animals and regular weekly checks of @entity235 (179), @entity291 (288) and @entity742 and @entity1237 (141), 13 Ixodides were identified in the province of Salamanca. Some of these were only detected on the northern (I. ricinus) or southern (H. lusitanicum and B. annulatus) slopes of the mountains to the south of the province. Except for occasional introductions, H. lusitanicum and B. annulatus are not found on the Castillian plateau. In wild animals, 12 species were found of which only 4 are monotropic for some of these animals. In @entity235 , the most important species were R. turanicus and @entity278 . The latter shows only one generation per year and its nymphs are held to be the most important vector for the cases of @entity17356 registered in the provincial setting. In @entity291 , R. bursa is the most important tick, in terms of its prevalence in June/July (adults) and from November to January (immature forms). It also displays a much higher parasitization intensity than that of any of the other 7 species found on @entity291 . These remaining tick species (D. marginatus, H. marginatum, H. lusitanicum, I. ricinus, R. turanicus, Hae. punctata and B. annulatus) are abundant when R. bursa is absent; that is, in spring and at the end of summer, which thus are periods of richness in Ixodides but of low @entity4801 intensity. The ticks found on @entity742 and @entity1237 are the same as those detected on @entity291 , but in some of them prevalence and intensity vary as result of the kind of pasture frequented by the ovine and caprine hosts.

title: Ticks of the province of Salamanca (Central/NW Spain). Prevalence and parasitization intensity in XXXX and domestic ungulates.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

entities_list: @entity17356 :: ('MESH:D001907', 'Disease') :: ['boutonneuse fever']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Surgical @entity130 produces metabolic and hormonal responses, which are characterized by @entity2690 resistance. Due to extension of the preoperative fasting period, which increases the magnitude of postoperative @entity2690 resistance, preoperative oral @entity3363 (POC) have been developed. @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective, randomized, controlled study was performed on 43 ASA I-II @entity1 undergoing elective microsurgical lumbar discectomy. The intervention group received oral @entity1735 solution 800mL the night before and 400mL 2h prior to operation. The other group fasted for 8h prior to operation. Blood samples were obtained the day before the operation, before induction of anesthesia, after skin incision, 1h, 2h, 6h and 24h following skin incision. Blood @entity413 , plasma @entity2690 , @entity701 and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) levels were determined. The primary endpoint was to assess the effect of POC treatment on @entity2690 resistance and surgical stress response following lumbar disc surgery. The secondary endpoint was to assess POC's effects on @entity1209 . RESULTS: The serum @entity2690 levels were higher before induction of anesthesia in the study group and returned to fasted group levels by 2h after skin incision. The plasma @entity650 levels were higher in the intervention group at 6h after the skin incision. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to blood @entity413 , plasma @entity701 levels and the incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that use of POC treatment does not attenuate development of @entity2690 resistance in @entity1 undergoing lumbar disc surgery.

title: Does preoperative oral XXXX treatment reduce the postoperative surgical stress response in lumbar disc surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: The surgical treatment of primary @entity0 must cope with its multicentric origin, its occasional bilaterality, and its primary lymphatic drainage to the axillary and internal mammary nodes. The scope of the surgical procedure should correlate with the extent of disease in the individual @entity1 with the primary aid of removing all disease present in these areas. We have used and continue to use three operative procedures--modified mastectomy (total mastectomy with thorough axillary dissection), radical mastectomy, and extended radical mastectomy. With this selected approach, we have attained a ten-year survival rate of 57% with a 4% local recurrence rate as the first sign of recurrent @entity5 .3% overall local recurrence rate--in a group of 515 @entity1 with infiltrating @entity5 and 44% proven axillary nodal involvement treated between 1955 and 1964. This includes Stages I, II and III cases. These data are crude and uncorrected for age, intercurrent disease, and lost to follow-up. Forty-three percent of @entity1 received adjuvant x-radiation therapy--4500 rads T.D. to the peripheral nodes. No chemotherapy was given. Similar local control and long term salvage has not been attained by conservative surgery with aggressive x-ray therapy. Long term follow-up--ten years at the minimum--with accurate information regarding extent of disease (nodal status), local recurrence, and survival rate is essential to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment regimen for primary @entity0 .

title: Surgical management of palpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer--8', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fat embolization (FE) is an often overlooked and poorly understood complication of @entity1141 and some orthopedic procedures. @entity7123 can lead to major @entity358 associated with @entity7123 ( @entity7123 ). METHODS: A model of FE in unanesthetized @entity35 , using intravenous injection of the neutral fat @entity18050 , was used to study the potential therapeutic effect on lung histopathology of altering the production of, or response to, endogenous @entity1808 . Either @entity3371 , an Ang I converting enzyme inhibitor, or @entity9886 , an Ang II type 1 receptor blocker, was injected 1 hour after FE by @entity18050 injection. After euthanasia at 48 hours, histopathologic evaluation was used to compare the drug-treated animals with control animals that received only @entity18050 . RESULTS: Histology of the lungs of @entity35 treated only with @entity18050 revealed severe, diffuse pathology. @entity133 showed severe, diffuse @entity32 . Bronchial lumina showed severe mucosal epithelial loss. The media of the pulmonary small arteries and arterioles was thicker, and the lumen patency was reduced 60% to 70%. Trichrome staining confirmed the abundant presence of collagen in the media and adventitia, as well as collagen infiltrating the bronchial musculature. Both @entity3371 and @entity9886 treatments reduced the inflammatory, vasoconstrictor, and profibrotic effects present at 48 hours (p<0.001). With treatment, the vascular lumen remained patent, and the fat droplets were reduced in size and number. There was a reduction in the number of infiltrating leukocytes, macrophages, myofibroblasts, and eosinophils, along with a significant decrease in @entity548 and collagen deposition (p<0.001). Pathologic changes in bronchial epithelium were also diminished. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the use of drugs that act on the renin-Ang system might provide an effective and targeted therapy for @entity7123 .

title: Mitigating effects of @entity3371 and @entity9886 on lung histopathology in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity7123 :: ('MESH:D004620', 'Disease') :: ['fat embolism syndrome', 'FES', 'Fat embolism']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['Alveolar septa']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal trauma']

answer: @entity7123 :: (MESH:D004620,Disease) :: ['fat embolism']


abstract: PURPOSE: Diagnosis of @entity4094 in ultrasonography is a challenging task since experts are often unable to discriminate between healthy and pathological cases. A computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for skeletal muscle ultrasonography was developed and tested for @entity5442 detection in ultrasound images of biceps brachii. METHODS: Several types of features were extracted from rectangular and polygonal image regions-of-interest (ROIs), including first-order statistics, wavelet-based features, and Haralick's features. Features were chosen that are sensitive to the change in contrast and structure for pathological ultrasound images of @entity4094 . The number of features was reduced by applying different sequential feature selection strategies followed by a supervised principal component analysis. For classification, two linear approaches were investigated: Fisher's classifier and the linear support vector machine (SVM) as well as the nonlinear [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor approach. The CAD system was benchmarked on datasets of 18 subjects, seven of which were healthy, while 11 were affected by @entity5442 . Three expert radiologists provided pre-classification and testing interpretations. RESULTS: Leave-one-out cross-validation on the training data revealed that the linear SVM was best suited for discriminating healthy and pathological muscle tissue, achieving 85/87  % accuracy, 90  % sensitivity, and 83/85  % specificity, depending on the radiologist. CONCLUSION: A muscle ultrasonography CAD system was developed, allowing a classification of an ultrasound image by one-click positioning of rectangular ROIs with minimal user effort. The applicability of the system was demonstrated with the challenging example of @entity5442 detection, showing highly accurate results that were robust to imprecise user input.

title: Ultrasound texture-based CAD system for detecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular diseases']


abstract: Blood platelets have long been recognised to bring about primary haemostasis with @entity1423 and function manifesting in @entity548 while upregulated function favourises arterial @entity715 . Yet increasing evidence indicates that platelets fulfil a much wider role in health and disease. First, they store and release a wide range of biologically active substances including the panoply of growth factors, chemokines and cytokines released from a-granules. Membrane budding gives rise to microparticles (MPs), another active @entity1 within the blood stream. Platelets are essential for the @entity1200 (viruses, bacteria, micro-organisms). They help maintain and modulate @entity32 and are a major source of pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g. P-selectin, tissue factor, @entity11603 , metalloproteinases). As well as promoting coagulation, they are active in fibrinolysis; wound healing, angiogenesis and bone formation as well as in maternal tissue and @entity6980 . Activated platelets and MPs intervene in the propagation of @entity66 . They are major players in @entity731 and related diseases, pathologies of the central nervous system ( @entity195 , @entity15 ), @entity5 and @entity5 growth. They participate in other tissue-related acquired pathologies such as @entity272 and @entity566 , @entity309 , @entity409 ; while, paradoxically, autologous platelet-rich plasma and platelet releasate are being used as an aid to promote tissue repair and cellular growth. The above mentioned roles of platelets are now discussed.

title: Platelets, XXXX and tissue regeneration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['major diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in platelet production']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['foetal vascular remodelling']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['innate immune response and combat infection']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimers disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have investigated the possibility that specific mutations may be related to specific clinicopathological features. However, most previous investigations included only an average age (40-80 years) group of sporadic @entity14 and, moreover, studied only a single gene in isolation. Therefore, the influence of age on these mutation frequencies remains unclear, despite age being considered a risk factor for genetic mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 122 sporadic @entity14 from three different age groups and analyzed mutation frequencies of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), @entity984 , and @entity876 genes and microsatellite instability to determine their mutation frequencies and relationships with clinicopathological features. RESULTS: Significantly lower @entity876 mutation frequencies were observed among young (32 years old or younger) and old (86 years old or older) @entity1 groups compared with an average age (39-85 years old) @entity1 group (14.3% and 19.2% versus 51.5%, P<0.001). @entity1412 mutation frequency (11.8%) was significantly lower in highly aggressive (Dukes' stage D) @entity5 ( P=0.003) than in the other stage @entity5 (Dukes' stage A, B, and C). Additionally, simultaneous occurrence of all three genetic alterations in an individual @entity5 was rare (below 5%). Statistical analysis further confirmed that mutation number in Dukes' D @entity5 occurred less frequently than expected in other stage @entity5 ( P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic alterations of sporadic @entity14 have different relationships with age or @entity5 stage. Additionally, most sporadic @entity14 do not necessarily require following the widely accepted genetic model, because the three key genetic mutations, @entity1412 , @entity984 , and @entity876 , rarely occur simultaneously.

title: Influence of age on @entity1412 and @entity876 mutation frequency in sporadic XXXX -rarity of co-occurrence of mutations in @entity1412 , @entity984 , and @entity876 genes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy persists concerning the preferred treatment of @entity3330 . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of the newly developed implants - proximal femoral nail antirotation ( @entity21990 ) for the stabilisation of this type of @entity174 . METHODS: Between April 2006 and March 2008, 169 @entity1 with @entity3330 were treated with @entity21990 . As many as 26 @entity1 were excluded from the study. According to the Orthopaedic @entity130 Association (OTA) classification system, the remaining 143 @entity174 were classified as 19 cases of AO/OTA 31A1 @entity174 , 83 cases of 31A2 @entity174 , 28 cases of 31A3 @entity174 and 13 cases of 31A combined with proximal 32 @entity174 or separate proximal 32 @entity174 . The mean age of these @entity1 was 67 years (range, 20-93 years). The operative time, the overall fluoroscopy time, the duration of hospitalisation and the surgical complications were noted. @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 21 months (range, 12-36 months). Functional outcomes were assessed according to the Harris hip scoring system. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (10%) required open reduction. The mean duration of surgery (from the beginning of close reduction to wound closure) was 72 min with a range between 45 and 170 min. The mean fluoroscopy time was 164 s with a range between 92 and 396 s. The mean time of hospital stay was 15 days. Postoperative X-rays showed a good or acceptable reduction in 134 cases (94%), and an ideal implant position in 131 cases (92%). There were 12 (8%) @entity260 . All @entity1 except one healed their @entity174 without any implant-specific complication (bending, breaking of the implant, cut out of the @entity21990 blade, femoral head penetration of the blade or ipsilateral @entity174 of the femoral shaft at the tip of the implant). The average time to bone healing was 16 weeks (range, 12-25 weeks). At the time of the latest follow-up, 106 @entity1 (74%) were restored to their preoperative mobility. The mean Harris hip score was 84 points (range, 46-100 points). A total of 106 @entity1 (74%) had an excellent or good outcome. According to the @entity1 and/or their caregivers, outcome was described as satisfactory in 120(84%) of the 143 @entity1 , and 36(90%) of the 40 @entity1 , who were more than 80 years old. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that @entity21990 is a very effective and safe method in the treatment of different patterns of @entity3330 . The fixation is adequate to maintain reduction over time even in osteoporotic bones.

title: Mid-term outcomes after intramedullary fixation of XXXX using the new proximal femoral nail antirotation ( @entity21990 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['peritrochanteric femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['peritrochanteric femoral fractures']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 with unresectable @entity957 of the @entity135 , 28 with local or distant recurrences following primary surgery and/or radiation and three with distant @entity3 at diagnosis, were treated with @entity900 and @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ). @entity900 was given at 60 mg/m2 i.v. every 21 days X 3, followed by 80 mg/m2 every 28 days in responding @entity1 . @entity2665 500 mg/m2 i.v. was given weekly X 5, then every 14 days. Each dose of @entity2665 was to be escalated in the absence of @entity137 , but in the majority of @entity1 doses greater than 500 mg/m2 resulted in unacceptable @entity137 . Gastrointestinal symptoms were the major side effects of this combined treatment. In 28 evaluable @entity1 there were two complete remissions and nine partial remissions. This 39% response rate is not different from that reported with either drug alone. Combined @entity900 and @entity2665 as administered in this study had no apparent advantage compared to either agent alone in this group of @entity1 .

title: A phase II trial of @entity900 and @entity2665 ( XXXX ) in recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2665 :: ('MESH:D008935', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal bis-guanylhydrazone', 'MGBG']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2665 :: (MESH:D008935,Chemical) :: ['MGBG']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endomyocardial biopsy is the standard means of establishing cardiac allograft rejection diagnosis. The efficacy of this procedure in xenotransplantation has not been determined. In this study we compare the histology of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens with the corresponding full cross sections of explanted right ventricle (RV). We also compare RV with the related left ventricle (LV) cross sections. METHODS: Heterotopic @entity14404 @entity1707 -to- @entity3474 cardiac xenotransplants (n = 64) were studied. RV endomyocardial biopsy specimens were taken at cardiac explant by using a standard bioptome (n = 24) or by sharp dissection (n = 40). @entity1710 and @entity1711 stained sections of RV and LV cross-section and RV endomyocardial biopsy specimens were compared in a blinded fashion. Characteristics of delayed xenograft rejection and a global assessment of @entity63 were scored from 0 to 4 according to the percentage of myocardium involved (0, 0%; 1, 1%-25%; 2, 26%-50%; 3, 51%-75%; and 4, 76%-100%). RESULTS: Median graft survival was 30 days (range, 3-137 days). Linear regression analysis of histology scores demonstrated that specimens from both bioptome and sharp dissection equally represented the histology of the RV cross section. @entity63 was strongly correlated between RV and RV endomyocardial biopsy (R(2) = 0.84) and between RV and LV cross sections (R(2) = 0.84). Individual characteristics of delayed xenograft rejection showed no significant variation between RV and RV endomyocardial biopsy or between RV and LV (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that delayed xenograft rejection is a widespread process involving both right and left ventricles similarly. This study shows that histologic assessment of RV endomyocardial biopsy specimens is an effective method for the monitoring of delayed xenograft rejection after cardiac xenotransplantation.

title: The utility of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy for the diagnosis of xenograft rejection after XXXX @entity1707 -to- @entity3474 cardiac transplantation.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'Global ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

answer: @entity14404 :: (396922(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['CD46']


abstract: @entity8057 is a B-cell malignancy with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the bone marrow or lymphatic tissue and a monoclonal immunoglobulin M protein (IgM) in the serum. It is incurable with current therapy, and the decision to treat @entity1 as well as the choice of treatment can be complex. Using a risk-adapted approach, we provide recommendations on timing and choice of therapy. @entity1 with smoldering or asymptomatic @entity8057 and preserved hematologic function should be observed without therapy. Symptomatic @entity1 with modest hematologic compromise, IgM-related @entity16 that requires therapy, or @entity5714 unresponsive to corticosteroids should receive standard doses of rituximab alone without maintenance therapy. @entity1 who have severe constitutional symptoms, profound hematologic compromise, symptomatic @entity66 , or hyperviscosity should be treated with the DRC ( @entity619 , rituximab, @entity786 ) regimen. Any @entity1 with symptoms of hyperviscosity should first be treated with plasmapheresis. For @entity1 who experience relapse after a response to initial therapy of more than 2 years' duration, the original therapy should be repeated. For @entity1 who had an inadequate response to initial therapy or a response of less than 2 years' duration, an alternative agent or combination should be used. Autologous stem cell transplant should be considered in all eligible @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: Diagnosis and management of @entity8057 : Mayo stratification of XXXX and risk-adapted therapy (mSMART) guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bulky disease', 'relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['Waldenstr  m macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['macroglobulinemia']


abstract: Background: Self-generated coping strategies and the enhancement of coping strategies are effective in the treatment of @entity716 . Evaluating these strategies can be of clinical interest to develop better coping enhancement therapies. Cognitive models consider delusions as multidimensional phenomena. Using a psychometric approach, the relationship between coping and the dimensions of delusion were examined. Methods: Thirty @entity161 spectrum @entity1 with delusions and 29 @entity1 with @entity1316 with @entity716 were interviewed using the Heidelberg Coping Scales for Delusions and the Heidelberg Profile of Delusional Experience. Analyses of variance were conducted to investigate differences between the groups, and Spearman's rank-based correlations were used to examine the correlations between coping factors and the dimensions of delusion. Results: @entity161 spectrum @entity1 used more medical care and symptomatic coping, whereas @entity1 with @entity1316 engaged in more @entity308 coping. In the @entity161 spectrum sample, the action-oriented, the cognitive, and the emotional dimensions of delusion were related to coping factors. In @entity1 with @entity1316 , only the action-oriented dimension was related to coping factors. Conclusion: @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity1316 cope differently with delusions. The dimensions of delusion are related to coping and should be regarded when using cognitive therapy approaches to enhance coping strategies.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Coping with Delusions in XXXX and @entity1316 with Psychotic Symptoms: The Relationship between Coping Strategies and Dimensions of Delusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) @entity1 for differences between masticatory muscle (MM) and @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity158 @entity1 in the prevalence of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) symptoms and evaluate the level of @entity458 and its relationship to @entity1005 symptoms in these @entity1 . METHODS: This study included 445 @entity1 . Psychological questionnaires included the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the @entity1005 Check List Civilian. The total sample of @entity1 was divided into 2 major groups: the MM group (n = 242) and the @entity1348 group (n = 203). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups based on the presence of a stressor and severity of @entity1005 symptoms. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 (14.9%) in the MM group and 20 @entity1 (9.9%) in the @entity1348 group presented with @entity1005 symptomatology (P = .112). Significant differences were found between the MM and the @entity1348 group in several psychometric domains, but when the presence of @entity1005 symptomatology was considered, significant differences were mostly maintained in the subgroups without @entity1005 . MM and @entity158 @entity1 in the "positive @entity1005 " subgroups scored higher on all SCL-90-R scales (P < .001) than @entity1 in the other 2 subgroups and reached levels of distress indicative of @entity458 . @entity158 @entity1 (58.3%; P = .008) in the positive- @entity1005 subgroups were more often classified as dysfunctional. Both positive- @entity1005 subgrounps of the MM and @entity1348 groups presented with more @entity25 (P < .005) than @entity1 in the other 2 subgroups. CONCLUSION: A somewhat elevated prevalence rate for @entity1005 symptomatology was found in the MM group compared to the @entity1348 group. Significant levels of @entity458 appeared to be linked to @entity2956 @entity1 with @entity1005 symptoms.

title: Prevalence and impact of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in @entity1 with masticatory muscle or @entity1348 XXXX : differences and similarities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorder']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk of elevated total @entity1255 (tHcy) levels for @entity455 , estimate the reduction of tHcy by @entity1501 , and calculate the potential reduction of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) mortality by increasing @entity1501 intake. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE search for meta-analysis of 27 studies relating @entity1255 to @entity455 and 11 studies of @entity1501 effects on tHcy levels. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies dealing with @entity453 , @entity66 , and peripheral @entity455 were selected. Three prospective and six population-based case-control studies were considered of high quality. Five cross-sectional and 13 other case-control studies were also included. Causality of tHcy's role in the pathogenesis of @entity455 was inferred because of consistency across studies by different investigators using different methods in different populations. DATA SYNTHESIS: Elevations in tHcy were considered an independent graded risk factor for @entity455 . The odds ratio (OR) for @entity453 of a 5-mumol/L tHcy increment is 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 1.7) for @entity1 and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3 to 1.9) for @entity1 . A total of 10% of the population's @entity453 risk appears attributable to tHcy. The OR for @entity66 (5-mumol/L tHcy increment) is 1.5 (95% CI, 1.3 to 1.9). @entity3657 also showed a strong association. Increased @entity1501 intake (approximately 200 micrograms/d) reduces tHcy levels by approximately 4 mumol/L. Assuming that lower tHcy levels decrease @entity453 mortality, we calculated the effect of (1) increased dietary @entity1501 , (2) supplementation by tablets, and (3) grain fortification. Under different assumptions, 13,500 to 50,000 @entity453 annually could be avoided; fortification of food had the largest impact. CONCLUSIONS: A 5-mumol/L tHcy increment elevates @entity453 risk by as much as @entity165 increases of 0.5 mmol/L (20 mg/dL). Higher @entity1501 intake by reducing tHcy levels promises to prevent @entity455 . Clinical trials are urgently needed. Concerns about masking @entity12320 by @entity1501 could be lessened by adding 1 mg of @entity2186 to @entity1501 supplements.

title: A quantitative assessment of plasma @entity1255 as a risk factor for XXXX . Probable benefits of increasing @entity1501 intakes.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic vascular disease', 'vascular disease', 'arterial vascular disease', 'arteriosclerotic vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'CAD deaths']

entities_list: @entity12320 :: ('MESH:C564747', 'Disease') :: ['cobalamin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 184 Background: Atypical @entity455 (AVLs) are known to occur in the setting of radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery for treatment of @entity0 . Their relationship with potential @entity5426 has yet not been fully characterized. AVLs typically present as single or multiple pink papules in the skin of the breast. Histologic examination reveals proliferation of dilated vascular channels in the dermis with IHC reactive for @entity2279 , @entity2280 and D2-40. Management consists of local excision to rule out @entity5426 . METHODS: The pathology records of the NYU Langone Medical Center were queried for @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity455 . RESULTS: A total of 3 @entity1 with previous history of @entity0 treated with breast conserving therapy (BCT) and radiation therapy were included in this case series. Two @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3821 and one was diagnosed with @entity513 . The median time between the @entity5 diagnosis and the development of AVL was 5 years (3-9 years). Presentation was an erythematous skin nodule in two @entity1 and progressive telangectasia in one. Diagnosis was made initially by punch biopsy and it was followed by excisional biopsy in all three cases. Only one @entity1 had residual atypical @entity455 in the excisional biopsy especimen. CONCLUSIONS: AVL is a pathological entity with growing importance over the years due to its questionable progression to @entity5426 . The improvement in survival of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 as well as the widespread use of lumpectomy with breast irradiation for the treatment of the disease have caused an exponential increase in the number of @entity1 seen in daily practice after BCT. Clinicians must implement high surveillance of these @entity1 and have a low threshold for further work up of skin changes in the radiated breast in order to early diagnose these lesions since it is yet unknown which ones will progress to @entity5426 . There are ongoing studies in the development of immunophenotypical markers such as MYC that will be a useful diagnostic tool to differentiate AVL from its malignant counterpart.

title: XXXX after radiation therapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['atypical vascular lesions', 'vascular lesion', 'vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'secondary angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Atypical vascular lesion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It appears to be widely accepted that @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) and @entity245 result from some form of phonological deficit. Some theorists contend that these deficits are directly and exclusively caused by a @entity73 specific to representation and processing of speech sound. However, separate theories hold that @entity51 indeed may cause @entity10870 or @entity5545 but @entity51 arise due to sensory, mainly auditory, deficits. Here we studied if there is a correlation between two hotly debated measures of auditory low-level processing and measures of phonological processing in preschool @entity1 . METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">prospective study. SAMPLE: preschool @entity1 . VARIABLES: monaural and binaural temporal order judgement (TOJ(b) and TOJ(m)), several standardized measures of broad and narrow phonological processing (Bielefelder Screening BISC). STATISTICS: correlation analysis. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between TOJ(b)/TOJ(m )and phonological processing. However, these data show that "impaired" TOJ(b) and TOJ(m) is neither a necessary nor a sufficient prerequisite for impaired phonological processing. DISCUSSION: Although TOJ(b) and TOJ(m) as measures of auditory low-level processing show a correlation with some measures of phonological processing, the precise nature of mechanisms leading to @entity10870 or @entity5545 still remains an unsolved problem.

title: [Is there a correlation between low-level auditory processing and phonological processing in preschool XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental dyslexia']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['phonological deficits']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Chemical degradations often induce changes in protein conformation and thus influence protein activity and protein stability in solutions. One difficulty in studying of chemical degradations on protein aqueous properties is to obtain sufficient amount of chemically degraded protein which is well characterized. Chemical degradation protocols that are often used may induce also conformation changes and aggregation of the protein. In this article we studied the effect of @entity1853 oxidation on the conformation of recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (r-hGH). In literature it is reported that oxidation of @entity1853 residues induces conformation changes on r-hGH. In our study, oxidation of r-hGH was performed by incubation with @entity273 under mild conditions. Mass spectrometry and chromatographic analysis revealed that oxidation with @entity273 resulted in more than 90% of oxidized r-hGH. By extensive spectroscopic characterizations no detectable change in conformation and aggregation of r-hGH after oxidation was found. In conclusion, mild oxidation conditions led to selective oxidation of the two more accessible @entity1853 residues of r-hGH (Met(14) and Met(125)) and did not results in any conformation change of the protein. These findings prove that oxidation of @entity1 @entity2124 does not influence protein conformation and demonstrate the importance of employing mild conditions during production of oxidized protein.

title: Oxidized recombinant @entity1 XXXX that maintains conformational integrity.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Microscopic examination of an @entity5 removed from a 50 year-old @entity1 revealed a gliomatous rim surrounding a @entity242 . The @entity242 had central @entity39 and @entity455 . Sarcomatous cellular elements consisted of medium-sized undifferentiated cells together with spindle cells associated with a loose collagenous matrix. Although grossly circumscribed, the @entity242 microscopically invaded the brain along an ill-defined border. Adjacent, and encompassed @entity1779 had undergone gliomatous changes consisting of swollen body astrocytes with cellular and nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromatism and cellularity, and the presence of multinucleated giant cells. The sarcomatous cells were unreactive to antibodies for @entity787 ( @entity787 ), keratin, @entity538 ( @entity538 ), S 100, actin and factor VIII although the endothelium and muscularis of neovascular areas were positive for factor VIII and actin respectively. The gliomatous rim and encompassed glial elements were strongly positive for @entity538 . Ultrastructure of the spindle cell component, found only in the @entity242 , revealed well-formed myofibroblasts with dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and bundles of myofilaments with dense bodies. The medium-sized cells of the @entity242 were generally undifferentiated. However some of these cells had bundles of microfilaments with areas of condensation although these cells lacked the configuration and dilatations of the RER characteristic of myofibroblasts. Transitional cells between the mature and immature components also occurred. These findings suggest that this @entity242 originates from mesenchymal stem cells undergoing myofibroblastic differentiation.

title: Myofibroblastic differentiation of a primary XXXX with gliomatous reaction.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral tumor']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral parenchyma']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral sarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2520 ( @entity5951 ), which are the cause of chronic inflammatory processes, can develop increased susceptibility to @entity455 through @entity731 . Due to the raised inflammatory and thrombotic risk, @entity5951 can have a significant influence on the course and results of stable @entity951 (SAP). OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of chosen @entity5951 parameters on selected cardiovascular system parameters, and the correlation between chosen parameters of @entity65 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The case group included 67 @entity1 with SAP,  <= 60 years of age. The occurrence of well-known @entity65 risk factors was evaluated on the basis of the clinical interview, clinical examination and laboratory tests. The occurrence of known risk factors for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) was established on the basis of the interview, clinical research and laboratory tests. Periodontal examination included API (approximal plaque index), CAL (clinical attachment level), @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ), and BI (bleeding index). @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and the size of @entity731 plaque in carotid arteries were assessed by ultrasound examination. @entity1347 were assessed on the basis of echocardiography examination, presence of the @entity455 on the basis of angiographic examination. RESULTS: In the study group of @entity1 , numerous risk factors and a higher level of API, CAL, @entity5951 and BI were observed. A higher prevalence of @entity74 (75%) than @entity66 (25%) was noted on the basis of angiographic examination. @entity1 with @entity854 demonstrated also poor oral cavity health. In addition, a higher concentration of CRP (3.2 mg/dl), @entity2002 (3.3 g/l)) and the progression of @entity731 , e.g. @entity101 (2.1 mm) and formation of @entity731 plaques were noted. Results of multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that API and @entity5951 had a significant influence on @entity121 . In @entity1 with BMI >=  30 kg/m(2), the risk of @entity101 (OR = 4.67) was fourfold higher. SUMMARY: @entity2521 may influence the occurrence and course of the @entity731 process in @entity1 with @entity5749 .

title: XXXX in relation to selected parameters of the cardiovascular system in a group of @entity1 with stable @entity951 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases', 'single-vessel vascular and multi-vessel vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased IMT']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Segmental contractility abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['contractility abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multi-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['pocket depth', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis and cardiovascular system parameters', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['Periodontal disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2108 is an aggressive @entity784 . It rarely involves the urinary bladder, with just twelve cases reported thus far and only one being @entity7041 -negative. Immunophenotyping (particularly for @entity7041 ) is mandatory, both for prognostic and therapeutic reasons. Herein, we report the case of a @entity1 with an @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 involving the bladder which was diagnosed and fully characterized by immunocytochemistry in urine cytology. The @entity1 underwent a cystoscopy and the urine sample disclosed @entity5 diathesis background and aggregates of atypical cells, with evidence of multinucleation and mitotic figures. Immunocytochemistry revealed strong membrane/Golgi positivity for @entity5823 and negativity for @entity7041 . The @entity1 was submitted to transurethral resection for therapeutic purposes, which confirmed the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this represents only the third case of @entity2108 with bladder involvement diagnosed in urine cytology and the very first with diagnostic findings allowing for immunophenotyping of the disease in a bladder wash. The present report reinforces the role of urine cytology as a suitable method for establishing an earlier diagnosis and characterization of the disease, avoiding submitting @entity1 to invasive procedures like transurethral resections. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017.    2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX -negative @entity2108 with urinary bladder involvement diagnosed in urine cytology: A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma', 'Anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity7041 :: (238,Gene) :: ['ALK']


abstract: PURPOSE: The antibacterial activity of @entity575 -containing compounds has recently been employed in constructing medical devices, such as vascular and urinary catheters, that may be effective in @entity281 . The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a @entity19851 -coated urinary catheter. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1,309 hospitalized @entity1 who required placement of an indwelling urinary catheter for 24 hours or longer were randomly assigned to receive either a @entity1346 catheter coated externally with 5% @entity19851 or a standard @entity1346 elastomer-coated latex catheter. Daily catheter-urine specimens were collected aseptically and catheter-care violations were monitored daily for the duration of the catheterization. RESULTS: @entity793 developed in 85 of 745 @entity1 (11.4%) in the @entity575 -coated catheter group and in 73 of 564 @entity1 (12.9%) in the control group (P = 0.45). In @entity1 who did not receive antibiotics, the rates were 29.3% and 30.4%, respectively (P = 0.98). In @entity1 who did not receive antibiotics, the rate of @entity793 was significantly higher with the @entity575 -coated catheter (29.4% compared to 8.3%, respectively, P = 0.02). Staphylococcal species were isolated more often from the @entity575 -coated catheter group than from the control group (25% versus 8% of all isolates, respectively, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: This study, the largest ever reported evaluating any @entity575 -impregnated device, has not only failed to demonstrate the efficacy of @entity575 in prevention of catheter-associated @entity793 , as suggested in prior studies, but it has also shown a significantly increased incidence of @entity793 in male @entity1 and a significantly increased occurrence of staphylococcal @entity793 . These results suggest the need for caution and for similar large-scale trials before @entity575 -containing compounds are widely used for preventing device-associated @entity281 , both in vascular and urinary catheters.

title: A large randomized clinical trial of a XXXX -impregnated urinary catheter: lack of efficacy and staphylococcal superinfection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteriuria', 'bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['blocking infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity19851 :: ('MESH:C040225', 'Chemical') :: ['silver oxide']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: Seventy-five @entity1 with @entity5 refractory to orchiectomy have been entered in a controlled trial to test whether @entity342 priming enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy. All @entity1 are treated with @entity6239 and @entity701 as a means of achieving medical adrenalectomy and are given cyclic i.v. chemotherapy with @entity786 , @entity632 and @entity1487 . @entity1 in the stimulation arm (N = 39) receive, in addition, @entity6240 (5 mg p.o. b.i.d.) for 3 days before and on the day of chemotherapy. A similar response rate was observed in the stimulation and control arm (83% vs 74% respectively) when the analysis was restricted to evaluable @entity1 . When all @entity1 were included, a significantly higher response rate was observed in the control arm (64% vs 49%, P less than 0.05) as a result of the larger fraction of unevaluable @entity1 in the stimulation arm (41% vs 14%). Median duration of response is 9 months in the stimulation and 10 months in the control arm. Median overall survival in the stimulation and control group is 12 months and 16 months respectively. Significant @entity137 consisting of exacerbation of @entity158 and, in two @entity1 , development of reversible @entity1745 was observed following @entity342 priming. Our results suggest that combined medical adrenalectomy and chemotherapy are highly effective in the treatment of @entity263 . Thus far, no additional benefit has been observed with @entity342 priming.

title: XXXX depletion and repletion as a means of potentiating the effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage D-2 prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cytoxan']

entities_list: @entity6240 :: ('MESH:D005474', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxymesterone']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['Androgen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of @entity227 with @entity1543 (VIA) as a screening method for @entity75 . METHODS: VIA and cytological smears were carried out on the cervices of non-pregnant @entity1 aged 30-60 years with no previous history of @entity5 . Cervices with aceto white lesions or positive Pap smears, and one in ten negative cervices (control), were biopsied. RESULTS: 5010 @entity1 were enrolled, 4813 (96.1%) were screened. 4767 (99.%) had adequate cytology smears. 574 (11.9%) had colposcopy. 1743 biopsies were obtained of which 528 were controls. The sensitivity of VIA was 70.4% versus 47.7% for Pap smear. VIA specificity was 77.6% versus 94.2% for Pap smear; @entity2286 for VIA was 44.0% versus 67.2% for Pap smear; and NPV for VIA was 91.3% versus 87.8% for Pap smear. CONCLUSIONS: VIA has acceptable test qualities and may in low resource settings be implemented as a large scale screening method.

title: Visual inspection with XXXX and cytology as screening methods for @entity75 in Cameroon.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual inspection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5076 Background: Lack of an early detection test makes @entity43 ( @entity43 ) a lethal gynecological malignancy. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an early event in @entity5 development and represents a potential target for early detection. Traditional transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) cannot detect @entity5 at early stage. The goal of this pilot study was to examine the enhancement of TVUS using avb3 integrins targeted microbubble ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) in laying hens, a preclinical spontaneous model of @entity1 @entity43 . METHODS: 3-4 years old hens (n=50) were selected randomly and scanned continuously by TVUS before, during and after UCA (Visister-integrins, Targeson Inc. CA) injection at brachial veins. UCA was visualized using a low mechanical index contrast imaging pulse sequence. All pre- and post-contrast injection images were archived and analyzed off-line. Gross diagnosis was recorded at euthanasia and tissues were processed for histology. @entity5 and their types were confirmed by routine histology. @entity5 markers ( @entity4574 and avb3 integrins) were detected by immunohistochemistry. @entity5 vessels were counted and correlation with ultrasound prediction was examined. RESULTS: avb3-integrins targeted UCA enhanced the visualization of @entity43 significantly in laying hens. At gray scale, UCA bounded areas appeared as a ring on the ovarian surfaces of 8 of 50 hens and were suspected for @entity43 . @entity5 were confirmed in all hens predicted to have @entity43 . In 7 hens @entity5 were early stage and in one hen the @entity5 metastasized to the oviduct. A microscopic lesion was found in one hen which was not detected by ultrasound imaging. Thus 9 of 50 hens had @entity43 and UCA detected approximately 88% at early stages. The frequency of immunopositive @entity5 vessels ( @entity4574 and avb3 integrins positive) were significantly higher in @entity43 hens than normal hens (P<0.05) and was positively correlated (0.86, P< 0.05) with ultrasound prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that UCA targeting avb3 integrin enhanced TVUS detection of early stage @entity43 in a pre-clinical model and may form the foundation for a clinical study. Support: Department of Defense (#09-3303), Sramek Foundation.

title: Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging with microbubbles targeted to avb3 integrins to enhance detection of early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer', 'OVCA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor associated neo-angiogenesis', 'TAN', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: From 1980 to 1984, 48 @entity1 were subjected to liver resection for hepatic @entity3 from @entity14 . The disease was staged according to the original staging system proposed by the authors: stage I, single @entity3 involving less than 25% of @entity99 (21 @entity1 ); stage II, multiple @entity3 involving less than 25% of @entity99 or single @entity3 involving between 25-50% (9 @entity1 ); and stage III, multiple @entity3 involving between 25-50% or more than 50% of @entity99 , irrespective of the number of @entity3 (18 @entity1 ). The extent of hepatic resection was generally related to that of @entity409 ; a typical lobectomy was performed in 28 @entity1 and segmentectomies in 20. One @entity1 died after operation (mortality, 2.1%), and major complications occurred in seven @entity1 (morbidity, 14.9%). Morbidity was related to @entity190 : 45% of @entity1 with blood replacement of more than 2000 cc developed major complications versus 5.4% with blood replacement of less than 2000 cc (p less than 0.05). The actuarial 3-year survival for stages I, II, and III was 73%, 60%, and 29%, respectively (p less than 0.05). Twenty-two @entity1 (45%) have had recurrences, all stage III @entity1 within 2 years of resection versus 28% of stage I @entity1 (30 months disease-free survival, 49%). The liver only was the site of recurrence in 10 @entity1 , distant sites in seven, and both liver and distant in five. Analysis of the different features of the @entity5 , the interval between bowel resection and detection of hepatic @entity3 , and the number and extent of liver secondaries demonstrated that prognosis after surgery was mainly related to the latter; they are considered in the staging system adopted in this study. It is a simple system and shows a good prognostic correlation. The results reported here are in agreement with those of the literature; the low mortality and morbidity and the survival benefit support the growing acceptance of surgery in treatment of hepatic @entity3 from @entity14 , in particular stage I @entity1 . For the other stages, surgery should represent, when applicable, only the first step of a multimodality treatment.

title: Surgical treatment of hepatic @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['operatory blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic parenchyma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity2224 during reperfusion after aortic cross-clamping for coronary artery bypass grafting may cause @entity130 . We investigated the use of @entity3303 to prevent @entity2224 during this period. In a blind, prospective, randomized trial, 91 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft procedures were given @entity3303 (2 mg/kg) or normal saline immediately before removal of the aortic cross-clamp. The groups were similar with respect to demographic, clinical, and intraoperative variables. Myocardial preservation techniques were similar in both groups. Of 47 @entity1 receiving @entity3303 , 38 recovered a supraventricular rhythm without @entity2224 , compared with only 5 of 44 @entity1 in the control group (p less than .001). When @entity2224 occurred, @entity1 in the control group required a greater number of direct-current countershocks (2.31 versus 1.86) to convert to sinus rhythm. Transient @entity616 , requiring temporary pacing, developed in 3 @entity1 in the @entity3303 group, compared with 1 @entity1 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in the requirement for perioperative inotropic support (6 of 47 versus 6 of 44) or the number of @entity583 (2 of 47 versus 1 of 44), and there were no deaths in either group. @entity3303 infusion immediately before removal of the aortic cross-clamp significantly reduces the incidence of @entity2224 during the reperfusion period after cardiopulmonary bypass.

title: Prevention of XXXX after myocardial revascularization.

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial injury']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: Fifty-three of sixty-four @entity1 who underwent gastrectomy for @entity356 presented with advanced @entity356 . 8 @entity1 underwent palliative gastrectomy. In 17 @entity1 gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy was performed. In 28 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity356 , extended resection was performed. @entity1 who underwent splenectomy were only included if tumorous adherence to the spleen was present. Hospital mortality and morbidity were 3.6% and 25% in extended resection and 5.9% and 18% in gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy alone. R0 resection was performed in 26/28 and in 16/17 @entity1 , respectively. In R0 (complete) resections the mean one and two-year-survival rates were 64% and 44% in extended resection, and 67% and 47% in gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy. In @entity1 (11) with @entity5 (R1/R2) mean one and two-year-survival rates were 27% and 0%, respectively. If complete resection (R0) is achieved, extended resection for locally advanced @entity356 provides survival time, which is comparable, stage for stage, with survival rates observed after R0 resection for @entity5 limited to the stomach.

title: Multi-visceral resection for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: We studied the usefulness of percutaneous instillation of antifungal agents for treatment of @entity358 . The subjects were six @entity1 , four males and two females, with a mean age of 69 years (range, 45 to 90 years). In all cases, radiography revealed a @entity364 or thickened cavity wall in residual tuberculous cavities. The @entity1 had clinical symptoms including hemoptysis, fever, cough and sputum, and most of them showed severe @entity19259 , @entity417 , @entity4988 and @entity519 . @entity5897 or @entity2380 was instilled through an indwelling catheter inserted percutaneously into the cavity from the anterior chest wall or parascapular region under fluoroscopic observation. After treatment with a total dose of 610 to 2070 mg over a period of 6 to 18 weeks, clinical symptoms were diminished in all @entity1 and radiographic findings were improved in five. Furthermore, @entity54 , which had been isolated from sputum samples of three @entity1 , was eradicated. According to evaluation of the overall therapeutic effects, this therapy was considered to be effective in five @entity1 , giving an efficacy rate of 83%. No recurrence has been detected in six @entity1 during a mean follow-up of 13 months after treatment. Since percutaneous instillation involves @entity158 and stress than other kinds of

title: [Usefulness of percutaneous instillation of antifungal agents for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['Miconazole']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity19259 :: ('MESH:D004614', 'Disease') :: ['emaciation']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungus ball']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma']


abstract: The effects of in vivo administration of native @entity1421 ( @entity5014 ) on the cycling status of the granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cell (CFU-GM) were examined in a @entity19 model. In @entity19 hematopoietically rebounding from a sublethal dose of @entity786 , intravenous injection of @entity5014 in doses ranging from 100 to 10(-4) micrograms/ @entity19 /day over three days, significantly decreased the absolute number of CFU-GM per femur and the percentage of CFU-GM in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Administration of @entity1421 , 10 micrograms/ @entity19 /day, over three days to steady-state @entity19 resulted in significant suppression of the absolute number of CFU-GM per femur, but was without effect on CFU-GM cycling. However, when an additional @entity1421 injection was included on day 4 and @entity19 killed 6 h later, inhibition of both parameters was observed. Single bolus injection of @entity1421 into steady-state @entity19 was found to have the identical effect. Inhibition of the absolute number of CFU-GM per femur and percentage of CFU-GM in S-phase were apparent 6 h after injection of a single dose of 10 micrograms @entity5014 , with a loss of effect on CFU-GM cycling status 12-14 h after injection. The inhibitory effect of @entity1421 on the absolute number of CFU-GM per femur persisted for two days after injection. These studies confirmed the cell-cycle effects of @entity5014 , heretofore demonstrated only in vitro; illustrated the importance of timing and dose analysis when examining the effects of hematopoietic inhibitors in vivo; and suggested that @entity1421 may be useful as an adjunct to chemotherapy in ameliorating myelotoxicity. Furthermore, dose-response analysis revealed an enhanced in vivo sensitivity of macrophage progenitor cells (M-CFC) to the inhibitory effects of injected @entity1421 . Inhibition of in vivo incorporation of tritiated @entity1014 (3HTdr) into bone marrow CFU-GM by @entity5014 could also be demonstrated.

title: In vivo modulation of myelopoiesis by XXXX . II. Inhibition of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cell (CFU-GM) cell-cycle rate.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: A simple 96-well plate liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ) method has been developed and validated for the determination of a basic drug candidate in @entity1 plasma. Against the wisdom of conventional approaches, an aqueous/organic miscible solvent, @entity1626 , was used for liquid-liquid extraction along with @entity7389 . The use of @entity1626 effectively eliminated the formation of the irregular emulsion between aqueous/organic interfaces and modulated the polarity of the extraction solvents to achieve the desired recovery. This approach, which solved the emulsion problem, permitted the method to be automated using standard 96-well plate technology. A practical application was demonstrated through the use of this technique in the measurement of a novel drug in @entity1 plasma samples by LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . Chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically on a Phenomenox C18(2) Luna column (2 mm x 50 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase contained 60% of 0.1% @entity5189 and 40% @entity1626 . Detection was by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The standard curve, which ranged from 1.22 to 979ng/ml, was fitted to a 1/x2 weighted quadratic regression model. The validation results show that this method was very rugged and had excellent precision and accuracy. The actual sample analysis results further demonstrated that this extraction procedure is well suited for real life applications. It is expected that with some modifications, this approach can be applied for the extraction of similar compounds from various biological fluids.

title: A simple 96-well liquid-liquid extraction with a mixture of @entity1626 and XXXX for the determination of a drug in @entity1 plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity7389 :: ('MESH:C043243', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl t-butyl ether']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity7389 :: (MESH:C043243,Chemical) :: ['methyl t-butyl ether']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, reports on a new endoscopic biliary drainage technique utilizing endosonographic guidance (endosonography-guided biliary drainage [ESBD]) have been increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ESBD in cases with @entity253 (EBD). @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity3883 who underwent ESBD because of difficult EBD between January 2007 and September 2008 were included. The technical success, complications, and clinical efficacy of ESBD were prospectively evaluated. RESULTS: ESBD was performed via the duodenum, stomach, and esophagus in eight, six and two @entity1 , respectively. Stent placement was successful in all cases and excellent biliary decompression was achieved in all but one @entity1 . One @entity1 developed localized @entity298 following guidewire migration and re-puncture of the bile duct. In another @entity1 , stent migration was observed one week after ESBD and re-ESBD was carried out. Three @entity1 underwent surgery for their primary diseases, and stent exchange was carried out in 10 @entity1 during the course. CONCLUSIONS: ESBD is an effective treatment for @entity3883 that will replace percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in cases of difficult EBD and is a possible alternative to EBD in selected cases.

title: Endosonography-guided biliary drainage in cases with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['difficult transpapillary endoscopic biliary drainage']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['difficult transpapillary endoscopic biliary drainage']