abstract: BACKGROUND: A human @entity320 antigen-encoding gene-1, @entity6472 gene, may be linked to the neoplastic transformation. In the present study, we extended this association with @entity1 @entity356 . Specifically, we focused on the relationship between @entity6472 gene expression and the histologic stage of @entity356 . METHODS: We used a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) to analyze the expression of the @entity6472 gene in 38 endoscopic biopsy specimens from @entity356 . We also studied the relationship between the expression of @entity6472 gene and the genetic expression of several @entity5 invasion-related factors, including 72 kD type IV collagenase ( @entity1476 ), @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity6005 ( @entity6005 ), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). RESULTS: Eleven of the 38 @entity5 samples (28.9%) expressed the @entity6472 gene. @entity6472 gene expression was present only in two of the 38 adjacent nontumor samples (5.3%). @entity6472 gene expression in the 38 @entity5 samples was significantly correlated with the histological stage of disease (P = 0.0008), especially with the depth of histologically confirmed @entity5 invasion (t1 vs. t2 or greater, P = 0.00048). The expression of @entity6472 gene correlated with the expression of @entity1476 (P = 0.0064), @entity2290 (P = 0.0390), and @entity6005 (P = 0.00018). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the @entity6472 gene may be activated in @entity356 during periods of their development or invasion. In addition, a relationship between @entity6472 gene expression and expression of invasion-related factors has been demonstrated.

title: @entity320 antigen-encoding gene-1 expression in invasive XXXX : correlation with stage of disease.

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity6005 :: ('5154', 'Gene') :: ['PDGF-A', 'platelet-derived growth factor A']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: We evaluated the apoptosis of neutrophils during the resolution of @entity55 induced by exposure to @entity1787 . The inflammatory response was assessed in @entity35 lungs 0, 1, 3, and 7 days after 4-h exposure to air or 2 ppm @entity1787 . Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid demonstrated significant increases in albumin concentrations on days 0 and 1 and in the number of lavageable neutrophils on days 0, 1, and 3, indicating the presence of @entity55 . These parameters returned to control values on day 7, which suggests that the @entity55 induced by @entity1787 was reversible. On days 1 and 3, but not on day 0, the neutrophils showed morphologic evidence of apoptosis. Based on morphologic analysis, the proportion of apoptotic neutrophils was 23.3 +/- 2.2% on day 1 and 55.7 +/- 3.2% on day 3. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 end labeling (TUNEL), in contrast, revealed that the proportion of apoptotic cells was 59.7 +/- 9.1% on day 1 and 68.0 +/- 4.3% on day 3. On day 3, light microscopy and electron microscopy demonstrated engulfment of the neutrophils by macrophages. These findings indicate that the apoptosis of neutrophils followed by their engulfment by macrophages contributes to the clearance of neutrophils from the sites of @entity32 . Moreover, TUNEL detected apoptotic neutrophils with greater sensitivity compared with morphologic assessment.

title: Elimination of neutrophils by apoptosis during the resolution of @entity55 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary inflammation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to estimate the association between an at-risk drinking pattern and sociodemographic variables, and to compare the mean scores of the factors associated with the Burnout Syndrome, according to the @entity285 consumption pattern in staff members from two Brazilian prisons. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was developed with 339 @entity1 (response rate = 63.8%). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the @entity285 Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ). RESULTS: The @entity1 ' average age was 40.2 (SD = 8.8) years, and 81.0% were male. Among 78.5% of @entity1 (95%CI 74.1 - 82.8) reported consuming alcoholic beverages. The prevalence of at-risk drinking behavior in the sample was 22.4% (95%CI 18.0 - 26.9), and of the Burnout Syndrome was 14.6% (95%CI 10.8 - 18.4). We observed a significant association between at-risk drinking behavior with gender, higher risk for @entity1 (OR = 7.32, p < 0.001), smoking, increased risk for smokers (OR = 2.77, p < 0.001), and religious practice, showing lower risks for religion practitioners (OR = 0.364, p < 0.001). We noticed significantly higher mean scores (p < 0.001) of emotional exhaustion and cynicism, and lower scores of professional achievement among individuals who reported consuming alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who smoke were more likely to develop an at-risk drinking pattern, while religion is presented as a protective factor. Individuals who consume @entity285 were more affected by the different factors of the Burnout Syndrome.

title: Burnout Syndrome and XXXX consumption in prison employees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['MBI-GS', 'Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An unanswered, important question concerning multiple @entity0 is whether they arise independently in the breast (multicentric) or are metastatic deposits from a single, @entity189 (multifocal). This issue was studied by clonal analysis of each focus of multiple @entity0 . METHODS: First, the clonality of 30 @entity0 was analyzed by the method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of the X-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerokinase (PGK) gene and on random inactivation of the gene. Second, the clonality of each focus of three multiple @entity0 was analyzed by the same method. RESULTS: Clonal analysis of the 30 @entity0 revealed that every @entity189 was monoclonal in origin, and one of two alleles of the PGK gene was inactivated at random in these @entity189 . Three @entity1 with multiple @entity0 had three, three, and four histologically separate foci of @entity189 in the breast, respectively. Clonal analysis showed that each focus was monoclonal in origin and, in addition, the same allele of the PGK gene was inactivated consistently at each focus in every @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The thesis that multiple @entity189 foci arise independently is unlikely to be true, because the probability that every independent focus happens to inactivate the same allele of PGK gene in every @entity1 is very low. It seems more likely that a single @entity189 spreads throughout the breast to culminate in multiple secondary @entity189 foci. Therefore, it is concluded that multiple @entity0 are multifocal and not multicentric in origin.

title: Discrimination between multicentric and multifocal XXXX of the breast through clonal analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'primary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: As the next millennium approaches, excitement and promise characterize the future of @entity384 . Until recently, @entity384 was considered an incurable, uniformly fatal @entity102 . Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that at least a quarter of @entity1 with recent onset of symptoms with @entity296 manifest spontaneous improvement and a sustained favorable prognosis. It is imperative that @entity1 who present with new-onset @entity296 be managed medically and closely followed. Medical treatment remains the foundation of therapy, and certainly the advent of beta-blocker use may herald further benefit beyond that observed with conventional therapy (ACE inhibitors and digoxin). Unless mechanical support is required for hemodynamic instability and end organ failure, @entity1 should be treated medically and observed. As discussed earlier, transient mechanical support as a bridge to recovery should be considered in the appropriate clinical scenario before committing to cardiac transplantation. @entity1 with established disease who have been followed for extended periods (> 6 months) that have progressive symptoms despite optimal medical therapy should be considered for surgical therapies. Cardiac transplantation is available to only a minority of the diseased population. All newer modalities of surgical unloading therapy theoretically reduce wall stress. Clearly in @entity384 , ventricular performance is reduced; however, individual myocyte contractile function may be intact. Studies of isolated myocytes (which are unloaded) have yielded conflicting data; however, if contractile function is intact and performance is reduced primarily secondary to abnormal loading conditions, surgical unloading therapies should yield benefit. Hence the thesis of Batista that geometric alteration will improve performance assumes intrinsic integrity of the myocyte contractile function. The implication of intrinsic myocyte contractile dysfunction is that surgical remodeling does not yield improved ventricular performance. Although clinicians have learned that selection criteria appear to play a role in predicting beneficial outcomes with cardiomyoplasty and the Batista procedure, clinical techniques to assess the integrity of myocyte function are unsophisticated. Quantifying interstitial @entity82 , assays for the degree of apoptosis, and various immunologic measures currently do not provide the insight necessary to predict outcomes reliably. The future assessment of @entity384 and the decision to consider alternative surgical procedures versus cardiac transplantation will likely be determined by biomolecular studies. At present, these new surgical procedures are promising therapies and potential alternatives to cardiac transplantation. Controlled studies to determine the clinical and survival benefit compared with medical therapy will ultimately be required, after the surgical techniques and @entity1 selection criteria are refined. Randomized, prospective controlled studies assessing LVAD therapy and cardiomyoplasty are in progress.

title: Surgical therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity2390 therapy in @entity2012 is associated with an increased prevalence of @entity5990 , which may be the result of an inhibition of @entity1085 . Gall stone prevalence in untreated acromegalic @entity1 relative to the general population is unknown, however, and the presence of @entity5990 and @entity1085 in these @entity1 and in acromegalic @entity1 receiving @entity2390 was therefore examined. Thirty four percent of 39 @entity1 who had taken @entity2390 for a mean of 20 months had @entity5990 compared with 16% of 38 @entity1 who had not been treated with @entity2390 (p < 0.005). In a subgroup of 21 @entity1 studied prospectively over 4 to 18 months, two @entity1 developed stones. No @entity1 had symptoms referrable to their @entity5990 . In 31 untreated acromegalic @entity1 , the mean fasting @entity1085 volume was similar to that in normal subjects. Maximal percentage emptying, however, was impaired (34 v 64%, p < 0.001) and the mean postprandial residual @entity1085 volume increased (21.7 v 9.0 ml, p < 0.001). Treatment with @entity2390 increased the mean postprandial residual volume further to 36.8 ml (p < 0.001). Gall bladder emptying in untreated acromegalic subjects is impaired. @entity2390 further @entity1085 and this may be a factor in the @entity5990 prevalence seen in these @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity2390 on gall stone prevalence and XXXX in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder motility', 'increases postprandial residual gall bladder volume', 'gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gall stones', 'increased gall stone']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gall bladder motility']


abstract: @entity75 on a chest radiograph can be the manifestations of @entity66 . The etiologies include abscess, @entity281 , parasite @entity281 , cavitary @entity5 , @entity1151 and @entity1333 . While in comparison with the causes that could simultaneously develop a complete @entity616 , the differential diagnosis is limited. A 43-year-old @entity1 presented to the emergency department with a two-week history of dry cough, chest tightness and @entity1163 .A chest radiograph showed patchy opacities in both lower lungs. A computed tomography of the chest revealed @entity75 bilaterally. The electrocardiogram showed a complete @entity713 . He was later diagnosed with @entity2883 that involved nose, lung and heart. Cardiac involvements are not rare in @entity2883 , but are not usually clinically apparent. A complete @entity713 is a rare but treatable manifestation of @entity299 usually indicating early active @entity262 . @entity1 presenting with @entity299 and evidence of systemic @entity32 should be screened for Wegener's by history, radiographic and laboratory assessment.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with cavitary lung lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary lesions', 'Cavitary lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncopal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement', 'cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['septic pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infections, fungal infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Heart blockage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic lavage has shown promising results in nonfeculent perforated @entity4436 . It is an appealing strategy; it avoids the complications associated with resection. However, there has been some reluctance to widespread uptake because of the scarcity of large-scale studies. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated national trends in management of perforated @entity4436 . DESIGN: This retrospective population study used an Irish national database to identify @entity1 acutely admitted with @entity4436 , as defined by the International Classification of Diseases. Demographics, procedures, comorbidities, and outcomes were obtained for the years 1995 to 2008. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in Ireland. @entity1 : @entity1 with International Classification of Diseases codes corresponding to @entity4436 who underwent operative intervention were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes were length of stay and @entity260 . RESULTS: Two thousand four hundred fifty-five @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity4436 , of whom 427 underwent laparoscopic lavage. @entity1 selected for laparoscopic lavage had lower mortality (4.0% vs 10.4%, p < 0.001), complications (14.1% vs 25.0%, p < 0.001), and length of stay (10 days vs 20 days, p < 0.001) than those requiring laparotomy/resection. @entity1 older than 65 years were more likely to die (OR 4.1, p < 0.001), as were those with connective tissue disease ( @entity45060 , p < 0.05) or @entity740 (OR 8.0, p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: This retrospective study is limited by the quality of data obtained and is subject to selection bias. Furthermore, the lack of disease stratification means it is not possible to identify the extent of @entity298 ; feculent @entity298 has worse outcomes and is not likely to be included in the lavage group. CONCLUSIONS: The number of @entity1 selected for laparoscopic lavage in perforated @entity4436 is increasing, and the outcomes in this study are comparable to other reports. Those @entity1 in whom laparoscopic lavage alone was suitable had lower mortality and morbidity than those in whom resection was considered necessary.

title: Laparoscopic lavage for perforated XXXX : a population analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: Recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and @entity90 ( @entity90 ) allow the noninvasive in vivo study of a variety of anatomical, physiological, and biochemical alterations that may occur in different cerebral pathologies. The authors have investigated the use of MR imaging and @entity90 to monitor the evolution of experimental focal @entity2806 in @entity35 . Permanent focal @entity2806 was induced in 36 @entity35 , and 12 normal @entity35 were used as a control group. Changes in high-energy @entity1391 metabolites were followed in vivo using @entity90 during the 1st hour and at 3 and 6 hours after @entity63 insult. Changes in vivo MR images were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after @entity63 insult. Significant decreases (p less than 0.05) in @entity1734 /inorganic @entity1391 ratios and intracellular pH values occurred immediately after the induction of @entity63 . The presence of an @entity1188 area seen on MR images was a constant finding at 3 hours after @entity63 insult, and was well defined and localized at 12 and 24 hours. The location of areas of @entity1188 seen on MR images correlated well with areas identified histopathologically. The T1 and T2 MR relaxation times were significantly increased 3 hours after @entity63 insult and remained prolonged for at least 24 hours. The results show that MR imaging is a sensitive method to measure @entity385 , and that @entity90 is a sensitive measure of changes that occur in the early phases of @entity63 , perhaps when cellular changes may still be reversible. At 3 and 6 hours after the @entity63 insult, however, 31P- @entity90 spectra may appear to be "normal" despite the presence of well-documented areas of @entity1188 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy for evaluating focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity90 :: ('MESH:C564570', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'MR spectroscopy']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: In this study we serially evaluated the chimerism status in 20 multiple @entity1582 @entity1 allotransplanted with a reduced intensity regimen. All @entity1 engrafted, with total 75% overall responses and 35% of CRs. After a median follow-up of 35 months, seven @entity1 (35%) died, three of them due to disease progression. Four @entity1 died before day +100, with a TRM of 20%. Nine @entity1 (45%) developed aGVHD and six (40%) had cGVHD. Twenty-five percent of @entity1 achieved full donor chimerism (FDC) before day +100, 42% before day +200 and 75% 24 months after graft. In our series, level of chimerism did not correlate with either the quality of response or aGVHD. No significant differences were found between bone marrow and peripheral blood samples. Analogously, even if donor DNA percentage often resulted higher in the PMN fraction than in the mononuclear one, these differences were not significant after statistical analysis. On the other hand, cGVHD was associated with increased rates of FDC, with 6/6 cases showing a full donor pattern in concomitance of the cGVHD versus 5/9 cases presenting a FDC in the group of @entity1 without cGVHD (p=0.057). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of @entity3012 and PFS at 2 years were 59% and 58%, respectively; chimerism pattern did not impact in the predicting clinical outcome. In summary, our study shows that a stable engraftment and high frequency of donor chimerism are achievable after a reduced intensity conditioning regimen. Moreover, even as result of a single center experience, we suggest that chimerism, graft-versus- @entity1582 and GVHD would represent distinct entities that require larger immunological studies for further clarification.

title: Chimerism does not influence graft-versus- XXXX and graft-versus-host disease in reduced intensity setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), the most common cause of @entity1164 in the young, is characterized by @entity1283 , myocyte disarray, and @entity82 . We propose that @entity1184 and @entity82 are secondary to the activation of trophic and mitotic factors and, thus, potentially reversible. We determined whether the blockade of angiotensin II, a known cardiotrophic factor, could reverse or attenuate @entity82 in a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity1 @entity1121 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We randomized 24 adult cardiac troponin T ( @entity23227 -Q(92)) @entity19 , which exhibit myocyte disarray and @entity82 , to treatment with @entity9886 or placebo and included 12 nontransgenic @entity19 as controls. The mean dose of @entity9886 and the mean duration of therapy were 14.2+/-5.3 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) and 42+/-9.6 days, respectively. Mean age, number of males and females, and heart/body weight ratio were similar in the groups. Collagen volume fraction and extent of myocyte disarray were increased in the @entity23227 -Q(92) @entity19 (placebo group) compared with nontransgenic @entity19 (9.9+/-6.8% versus 4.5+/-2.2%, P=0.01, and 27.6+/-10.6% versus 3.9+/-2.3%, P<0.001, respectively). Treatment with @entity9886 reduced collagen volume fraction by 49% to 4.9+/-2.9%. The expression of @entity641 , a mediator of angiotensin II profibrotic effect, were also reduced by 50%. @entity9886 had no effect on myocyte disarray. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity9886 reversed @entity82 and the expression of @entity641 in the hearts of @entity23227 -Q(92) @entity19 . These findings suggest that @entity9886 has the potential to reverse or attenuate @entity82 , a major predictor of @entity1164 , in @entity1 @entity1 with @entity1121 .

title: Angiotensin II blockade reverses myocardial fibrosis in a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['collagen 1alpha (I) and transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: To better understand the molecular mechanism of multistage @entity105 , we have attempted to identify putative oncogenes and/or @entity5 suppressor genes involved in preneoplastic-to-neoplastic progression of @entity19 epidermal JB6 variants. The JB6 variants consist of P- (promotion resistant), P+ (promotion sensitive), and Tx [transformed; both apoptosis-sensitive (A(s)) and apoptosis-resistant (Ar)] cells, representing progression from early to late stages of @entity105 . By using the newly developed differential mRNA display technique, we have isolated five clones from these JB6 variants. The isolated clones were uniquely expressed either in P-/P+ cells or in Tx (A(s)/Ar) cells or showed highly differential expression among the variants. The expression pattern shown by differential mRNA display was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. DNA sequencing followed by computer search against Genbank and EMBL DNA databases indicates that three clones are novel and two have high homology with recorded genes. One of the clones ( @entity48317 ), which detects expression in preneoplastic not neoplastic JB6 cells, was used as a probe for complementary DNA library screening. The corresponding gene, named sun for specifically unexpressed in neoplastic JB6 cells, was isolated and sequenced. The longest open reading frame of the sun clone predicts a peptide showing 96% @entity535 sequence identity to the recorded sequence of @entity1 @entity8111 , one of a family of genes implicated in tumorigenesis and @entity5 invasion. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the simultaneous display of mRNAs of four phenotypically distinct cell variants and of the isolation of five clones which may be associated with specific stages of @entity5 promotion and/or progression and apoptosis.

title: Molecular cloning of five messenger RNAs differentially expressed in preneoplastic or neoplastic JB6 XXXX epidermal cells: one is homologous to @entity1 @entity8111 .

entities_list: @entity8111 :: ('7078', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: New developments in high-resolution, low accelaration voltage electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) enable us to resolve and quantify the co-orientation of nanocrystals constituting biological @entity6445 crystals with a scan step resolution of 125 nm. This allows the investigation of internal structures in @entity6445 tablets and tower biocrystals in the nacre of mollusc shells, and it provides details on the calcite- @entity4959 polymorph interface in bivalves. Within the @entity4959 tablets of @entity13367 nacre we find a mesoscale crystallographic mosaic structure with a misorientation distribution of 2   full width at half maximum. Selective etching techniques with critical point drying reveal an organic matrix network inside the nacre tablets. The size scales of the visible @entity4959 tablet subunits and nanoparticles correspond to those of the open pore system in the organic matrix network. We further observe by EBSD that crystal co-orientation spans over tablet boundaries and forms composite crystal units of up to 20 stacked co-oriented tablets (tower crystals). Statistical evaluation of the misorientation data gives a probability distribution of grain boundary misorientations with two maxima: a dominant peak for very-small-angle grain boundaries and a small maximum near 64  , the latter corresponding to {110} twinning orientations. However, the related twin boundaries are typically the membrane-lined {001} flat faces of the tablets and not {110} twin walls within tablets. We attribute this specific pattern of misorientation distribution to growth by particle accretion and subsequent semicoherent homoepitaxial crystallization. The semicoherent crystallization percolates between the tablets through mineral bridges and across matrix membranes surrounding the tablets. In the "prismatic" calcite layer crystallographic co-orientation of the prisms reaches over more than 50 micrometers.

title: Homoepitaxial meso- and microscale crystal co-orientation and organic matrix network structure in XXXX nacre and calcite.

entities_list: @entity13367 :: ('6550', 'Species') :: ['Mytilus edulis']

entities_list: @entity6445 :: ('CHEBI:41609', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['aragonite']

answer: @entity13367 :: (6550,Species) :: ['Mytilus edulis']


abstract: HISTORY AND FINDINGS: A 38-year-old female physician was admitted with the suspected diagnosis of a @entity2590 . The self-reported history was inconsistent and incoherent. On physical examination neurological and @entity74 could be found. EXAMINATIONS: A bone marrow puncture revealed a @entity137 -induced @entity236 . Extensive examinations to evaluate the neurological symptoms did not show any pathological findings. A toxicological screening identified opioids, @entity1245 and @entity4489 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: Because of the inconsistent history and the contradictory results of our clinical tests, we asked in other hospitals for past admissions and were thus able to have insight into a hospital career that grasped numerous different admission diagnoses. All presented symptoms, especially the @entity236 , were self-induced by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: For the first time in this @entity1 's history, a @entity13593 was diagnosed after a hospital career of almost 10 years. In this publication, the case is thoroughly presented. Additionally, the current literature is reviewed with latest recommendations for therapeutic strategies about this poorly understood disorder.

title: [ XXXX . Hematologic, neurologic and dermatologic symptoms in a physician with @entity13593 ].

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity13593 :: ('MESH:D005162', 'Disease') :: ['factitious disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological disorders']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow damage']

answer: @entity13593 :: (MESH:D005162,Disease) :: ['Factitious disorders']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of endoscopic drainage of @entity3883 with @entity545 as well as to identify possible factors related with @entity432 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One-hundred and forty @entity1 with @entity3883 were retrospectively evaluated. The site of obstruction was proximal in 35 @entity1 (25.0%), distal in 64 (45.7) and ampullary in 41 (29.3). Amsterdam or pigtail @entity691 prostheses of variable caliber and length were used. Drainage was preoperative in 41 @entity1 and palliative in 99. Seventy-seven @entity1 who underwent with palliative drainage were followed up long-term. RESULTS: Drainage was satisfactory in 132 @entity1 (94.2%). Early morbidity was 10.7% (14/140) and early mortality related with the technique was 5% (7/140). Time free of obstruction was 4.6 +/- 1.0 months and in 47/77 (60%) the prostheses were still working at the end of follow-up. The actuarial rate of obstruction at 6 months was 42%, the majority (61%) occurring in the first 3 months. The median survival was 5.9 +/- 1.3 months. Of all the factors analyzed, greater permeability was found only in the @entity5 (p < 0.01) and in prostheses of caliber equal or superior to 10 French (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic biliary drainage using plastic prostheses is satisfactory in the majority of @entity1 with @entity1087 . It has a low complication rate and provides acceptable palliation: the majority of @entity1 do not require prostheses to be replaced and, when they becomes clogged, substitution usually solves the problem. @entity5 and prostheses of higher caliber (> or = 10F) have been associated with greater permeability.

title: [Endoscopic drainage with @entity691 endoprosthesis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['malignant jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary tumors', 'Ampullary tumors']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['plastic endoprosthesis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['malignant obstructive jaundice']


abstract: The last decade has seen explosive growth in the therapy of @entity263 . Three areas of therapeutics are emerging: 1) new compounds with novel uses; 2) available compounds with new applications; and 3) new compounds applied to established indications. The novel compounds target specific receptor sites of @entity5 pathways and @entity5 cells with less effect on normal tissue. Earlyphase trials with compounds targeting the endothelin-A and EGF receptors have shown encouraging results in @entity263 . In addition, the Early Prostate Cancer Trial of over 8000 @entity1 is currently underway to determine the benefit of adjuvant @entity342 ablation with @entity12195 in @entity1 with @entity263 . Early results show a significant 42% reduction in the progression of the disease in the @entity12195 treatment arm. Further, in large, phase 3 clinical trials in @entity1 needing @entity342 ablation, the @entity1176 antagonist abarelix caused no @entity251 surge and demonstrated a significantly more rapid decline in serum @entity251 to the castrate level than did an LHRH agonist analogue. Abarelix should thus have application as a monotherapy in @entity1 who need a rapid onset of action or are at high risk of complications from the clinical flare seen with LHRH agonists. Abarelix also uniquely caused a sustained decline in serum FSH levels, which have been shown in vitro to stimulate @entity263 cell growth. If these favorable effects can be duplicated in @entity1 , abarelix might also offer a survival benefit.

title: Emerging pharmacologic therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity12195 :: ('MESH:C053541', 'Chemical') :: ['bicalutamide']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['attack cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of @entity2400 in combination with @entity413 , insulin, and @entity972 (GIK) on intrinsic AV-nodal properties during chronic @entity955 . METHODS: The study included two @entity1 groups--(a) control and intervention and (b) intervention--with different infusion times and concentrations of @entity2400 . Ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings were analyzed using modified heart-rate stratified histogram (HRSH) analysis allowing detailed observation of the RR distribution at different average heart rate levels. The two RR-interval populations observed in most @entity1 were characterized by analyzing the relationship between the summits of the peaks of the bimodal histograms. RESULTS: A bimodal RR distribution with a shorter and a longer RR-interval population was observed in 9 of 11 (control), 9 of 11 (intervention) in group (a), and 11 of 13 in group (b) @entity1 . No significant changes in the two RR populations were seen in the control registration (group a). There were, however, indications of a conduction delay in the longer RR intervals in group (a), which received a low concentration of @entity2400 , when control was compared with intervention recordings. In group (b), receiving a high @entity2400 concentration, a conduction delay was seen in both the shorter and longer RR populations, being most pronounced for the longer RR population. CONCLUSION: High @entity2400 levels caused a delay in both the shorter and longer RR intervals. The conduction delay in the longer RR population was most pronounced, indicating that @entity2400 differently affected the two corresponding AV-nodal pathways.

title: Modification of intrinsic AV-nodal properties by magnesium in combination with @entity413 , insulin, and @entity972 (GIK) during chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Nine @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , ranging in age from 17 to 22 years) who sustained a Jones @entity174 were treated with percutaneous intramedullary screw fixation as outpatients. All of the @entity1 were varsity athletes. Seven were Division I scholarship athletes. Beginning at 7 to 10 days after surgery, all @entity1 were allowed weightbearing as tolerated with a CAM walker. Stationary bicycling, swimming, and Stairmaster were allowed at 2 to 3 weeks. The average return to running was 5.5 weeks (range, 3 to 10). The average return to full competition was 8.5 weeks (range, 7 to 12). No perioperative or @entity260 occurred. Average followup was 2.5 years. All @entity174 attained clinical and radiographic union. We believe that outpatient percutaneous intramedullary screw fixation of the acute Jones @entity174 is a reasonable alternative for those active @entity1 who would have difficulty with a non-weightbearing cast and crutches or who desire an expeditious return to activities. Time restraints are particularly critical for in-season or preseason athletes. With the outpatient screw fixation method, our @entity1 population had predictable healing, and they returned to full sports participation within 12 weeks.

title: Outpatient percutaneous screw fixation of the acute Jones XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Regarding the fatality rates stemming from various existing forms of @entity5 worldwide, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is ranked as the main cause of @entity204 amongst those who suffer from @entity5 . Although the epidemiological, clinical, and histological profile of @entity1 with this type of @entity5 is largely unknown, Brazil has made tremendous efforts to generate data for supporting healthcare policies concerning @entity2 . Taking these factors into account, this study aims to analyse the epidemiological, clinical, and histological profiles of @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this study, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted to nationally analyse @entity1 's data within the @entity5 hospital registries found in the National @entity5 Institute (INCA) and the S  o Paulo @entity5 Foundation (FOSP) between 2000 and 2011. RESULTS: A total of 35,018 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1149 in Brazil between 2000 and 2011 were analysed. The analysis demonstrated the occurrence of an epidemiological shift, related to the most prevalent histological type of @entity1149 in the study population from 2003. The shift resulted in a higher percentage of @entity420 (43.3%) over @entity957 (36.5%). Additionally, there was a significant increase in both the number of cases of @entity2 in @entity1 and in the rates of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The use of filtered cigarettes since the 60's and the increase in the number of @entity2 cases in @entity1 , were one of the causes for the switch in the histological profile of @entity1149 in Brazil. Consequently, @entity420 is now the predominant type of @entity5 detected. Late diagnosis is a hallmark sign.

title: Epidemiological changes in the histological subtypes of 35,018 XXXX cases in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the long-term visual function and the dose and dose rates delivered to critical @entity2383 in @entity1 with @entity320 treated with 125I episcleral plaque radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1987 to 1994, 63 @entity1 underwent 125I episcleral plaque ( @entity320 Study [COMS] design) application for the treatment of @entity320 . The mean @entity5 height was 4.5 mm (range 1.7-8.3). Doses and dose rates at the @entity5 apex, macula, and optic disc were calculated. Forty-three records were scored to assess whether a decrease in visual acuity of >2 lines on a standard Snellen eye chart had occurred. @entity1 age and the presence of @entity101 or @entity6 were noted. Statistical analysis was performed to assess both the rate at which @entity227 had occurred and the presence of significant factors that had contributed to this decline. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year actuarial survival rate was 93.6%. The 3-year actuarial local control rate was 86.9%. The median time to @entity227 after therapy was 18.7 months. The 3-year actuarial rate of visual preservation was 40.5%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated higher macula dose rates (p = 0.003) to forecast @entity227 . Macula dose rates of 111 +/- 11.1 cGy/h were associated with a 50% risk of significant @entity227 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 in our series treated with 125I plaque brachytherapy for @entity320 experienced favorable @entity5 control, but with a measurable incidence of @entity227 . Higher dose rates to the macula correlated strongly with poorer posttreatment visual outcome. This information may be valuable in selecting the optimal dose rates to treat @entity320 and to predict the risk of @entity227 .

title: Posttreatment visual acuity in XXXX treated with episcleral plaque therapy for @entity320 : dose and dose rate effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual decline']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Collaborative Ocular Melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma', 'choroidal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['ocular structures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this investigation was to determine the incidence of @entity410 activity in the acute phase following @entity131 . Compression contusion @entity130 was produced in the right parietal cortex in 19 artificially ventilated @entity35 . Electroencephalographic recordings were carried out in 17 of the animals for 2 h following the impact. The extracellular levels of neuroactive @entity1522 were simultaneously monitored in 9 of the experiments using microdialysis. In 14 of the 17 animals a generalized @entity410 activity with an average duration of 59 s (range 30-101 s) was recorded. The mean time lag between @entity130 and @entity410 onset was 67 s (range 26-90 s). The @entity410 activity was consistently followed by @entity308 . The @entity130 was accompanied by a transient increase of @entity492 , @entity2226 , @entity2227 and @entity2228 , in decreasing rank order. The @entity410 activity occurred when the levels of these neuroactive @entity1522 were elevated. It is concluded that the high incidence of @entity410 activity observed may be an important factor contributing to secondary @entity63 after @entity131 . @entity492 and @entity2227 , potentiated by @entity2228 , may play a role in post-traumatic @entity410 activity.

title: Epileptic seizure activity in the acute phase following cortical impact @entity130 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['post-ictal depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate', 'Aspartate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: It is clear that @entity0 progression is associated with inactivation of a number of different recessive oncogenes. The most widely evaluated @entity5 suppressor gene, @entity876 , is mutated in approximately 30-50% of @entity0 . Mutations usually occur early in malignant progression. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies have identified numerous chromosomal regions where other recessive oncogenes relevant to @entity0 may be located. Each LOH is seen in a varying proportion of @entity0 and may appear either early or late in progression. High-grade @entity513 in situ (DCIS) and @entity189 have similar @entity74 , showing that aberrations can occur before invasive disease. Direct evidence that the same aberrations can be acquired later in progression comes from a study of multiple metastases from the same @entity1 ; other studies found that primary invasive @entity5 are characterized by marked intratumor heterogeneity for each lesion examined. The model we propose to account for these results hypothesizes that @entity74 can accomplish each phenotype required for malignancy (i.e., dysregulated proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, etc.) and that, for a given @entity5 , at least one aberrant gene for each phenotypic change is stochastically selected. Biological heterogeneity of @entity0 results from the stochastic acquisition of various genetic aberrations. We further propose that the lymphocytic reaction in high-grade DCIS may select for aggressive @entity5 subpopulations capable of escaping immune surveillance. Another aspect of @entity5 heterogeneity may be the multiple mechanisms employed by various @entity5 to escape immune surveillance.

title: Molecular aspects of early stages of XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'sporadic breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions', 'multiple genetic lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of the recently discovered @entity32325 ( @entity32325 ) and @entity32326 in the synovial membrane (SM) of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and to assess the localization and cellular source of these proteins in the SM and their functional influence on synovial fibroblasts. METHODS: Expression of mRNA for PDGFs A, B, C, and D as well as for @entity675 and beta chains in @entity309 and @entity571 SM samples was assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of @entity32325 and @entity32326 were quantified by immunoblotting. Regional and cellular localization of @entity32325 and @entity32326 in the SM was investigated by double-staining immunohistochemistry. In addition, the influence of @entity32326 on the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts and their matrix metalloproteinase ( @entity3334 ) mRNA expression were determined. RESULTS: The expression of mRNA for PDGFs A, B, and C and for @entity675 and beta chains was comparable in @entity309 and @entity571 SM samples; in contrast, the expression of mRNA for @entity32326 was significantly higher in @entity571 SM. @entity32325 protein was not differentially expressed in @entity571 and @entity309 . The expression of @entity32326 protein was significantly higher in @entity309 SM (full-length and activated form). @entity32325 and @entity32326 were expressed throughout the SM (lining layer, diffuse infiltrates, and stroma) by both synovial fibroblasts and macrophages. In addition, @entity32326 increased the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts and the expression of mRNA for @entity3334 . CONCLUSION: @entity32325 and @entity32326 are expressed by synovial fibroblasts and macrophages in @entity309 and @entity571 SMs. The levels of @entity32326 protein were significantly higher in @entity309 SM. In addition, @entity32326 stimulated synovial fibroblast proliferation and expression of @entity3334 . These findings may have pathogenetic implications for cellular transformation and matrix remodeling in the @entity309 SM.

title: Expression of platelet-derived growth factors C and D in the synovial membrane of @entity1 with XXXX and @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity675 :: ('5156', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR alpha', 'PDGF receptor (PDGFR) alpha']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity32325 :: ('56034', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-derived growth factor C', 'PDGF-C']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: We asked whether a @entity717 could be elicited by deprivation of @entity21410 (PA; @entity21410 ), the substrate for the enzyme @entity50333 ( @entity50333 ), which is @entity16 @entity7929 (pantothenate kinase-associated @entity179 formerly called @entity7929 ). This study was undertaken because @entity19 made null for @entity50333 failed to show the neurological manifestations of the @entity1 disease. Wild-type and @entity50333 mutant @entity19 were fed @entity21410 -deficient diets and were monitored for general health, fertility and movement compared with animals on control diets over time. @entity19 of both genotypes on PA-deficient diets exhibited poor grooming, greying of fur and decreased body weight. With PA deprivation, wild-type @entity19 manifested @entity3893 (a phenotype also seen in @entity50333 @entity19 ) as well as a @entity717 with a low-lying pelvis and slow steps. Rear limbs appeared to drag and occasionally extended into unnatural postures for 16-17 s duration, possibly indicative of @entity3519 . @entity717 probably also occurs in PA-deprived @entity50333 mutant @entity19 , but they died precipitously before undergoing detailed analysis. Remarkably, restoration of dietary PA led to recovery of general health and grooming, @entity1017 , reversal of the @entity717 , and reappearance of mature sperm within 4 weeks. This study confirms the primacy of PA metabolism in the mechanism of disease in @entity7929 . PA deprivation provides a useful phenocopy for @entity7929 and allows us to test pharmacological and other interventional strategies in the treatment of this devastating disease.

title: Deprivation of XXXX elicits a @entity717 and @entity3893 in a @entity19 model of pantothenate kinase-associated @entity179 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in the inherited neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity7929 :: ('MESH:D006211', 'Disease') :: ['PKAN', 'Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder', 'Movement disruption']

entities_list: @entity21410 :: ('MESH:D010205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin B5', 'pantothenic acid']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity21410 :: (MESH:D010205,Chemical) :: ['pantothenic acid']


abstract: The Western @entity29551 survives months without @entity26 . A key adaptation is a coordinated reduction of cellular @entity855 production and utilization that may be signaled by changes in the concentrations of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and cyclic nucleotides ( @entity268 and @entity6708 ). Little is known about the involvement of cyclic nucleotides in the turtle's metabolic arrest and ROS have not been previously measured in any facultative anaerobes. The present study was designed to measure changes in these second messengers in the anoxic turtle. ROS were measured in isolated turtle brain sheets during a 40-min normoxic to anoxic transition. Changes in @entity268 and @entity6708 were determined in turtle brain, pectoralis muscle, heart and liver throughout 4 h of forced submergence at 20-22 degrees C. Turtle brain ROS production decreased 25% within 10 min of @entity3789 or N(2)-induced @entity519 and returned to control levels upon reoxygenation. Inhibition of electron transfer from @entity15401 to complex III caused a smaller decrease in [ROS]. Conversely, inhibition of complex I increased [ROS] 15% above controls. In brain [ @entity268 ] decreased 63%. In liver [ @entity268 ] doubled after 2 h of @entity519 before returning to control levels with prolonged @entity519 . Conversely, skeletal muscle and heart [ @entity268 ] remained unchanged; however, skeletal muscle [ @entity6708 ] became elevated sixfold after 4 h of submergence. In liver and heart [ @entity6708 ] rose 41 and 127%, respectively, after 2 h of @entity519 . Brain [ @entity6708 ] did not change significantly during 4 h of submergence. We conclude that turtle brain ROS production occurs primarily between mitochondrial complexes I and III and decreases during @entity519 . Also, @entity1921 concentrations change in a manner suggestive of a role in metabolic suppression in the brain and a role in increasing liver glycogenolysis.

title: @entity519 -induced changes in reactive XXXX species and cyclic nucleotides in the @entity29551 .

entities_list: @entity15401 :: ('MESH:C003741', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinol']

entities_list: @entity29551 :: ('8479', 'Species') :: ['painted turtle']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1921 :: ('CHEBI:23447', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: AIM: Effects of oral appliances on snoring in @entity1 with @entity27 : correlation between cephalometry with and without @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) in place. SUBJECTS: 15 @entity1 were treated with 3 types of @entity1697 : Herbst, tooth positioner and QuietKnight. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent a full-night diagnostic polysomnography. They were asked to use their @entity1697 each night during one month. All the subjects then underwent a second polysomnography with the @entity1697 in place. Standard cephalometric analysis was done in each @entity1 with and without the @entity1697 in place. RESULTS: Although average @entity27 index decreased significantly, snoring was not affected by the @entity1697 . Only in 7 @entity1 a reduction was observed. There was a strong correlation between the change in snoring index during sleep and 2 cephalometric variables: ANB angle without, and overjet with the @entity1697 in place. No change in @entity25 was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity1697 are indeed effective in decreasing the number of obstructive @entity386 and @entity387 , without affecting the @entity25 . Snoring reduction with @entity1697 may be predicted by cephalometry.

title: [Orthodontic appliances in the treatment of XXXX : a cephalometric and polysomnographic study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral appliance', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopneas']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['quality of sleep']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: Voltage-gated @entity972 channels constitute the largest group of heteromeric ion channels discovered to date. Over 20 genes have been isolated, encoding different channel subunit proteins which form functional tetrameric K+ channels. We have analyzed the subcellular localization of subunit Kv3.1b, a member of the Kv3 (Shaw-like) subfamily, in @entity35 brain at the light and electron microscopic level, using immunocytochemical detection. Detailed localization was carried out in specific neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. The identity of Kv3.1b-positive neurons was established using double labeling with markers for specific neuronal populations. In the neocortex, the Kv3.1b subunit was expressed in most @entity7053 -containing bipolar, basket or chandelier cells, and in some bipolar or double bouquet neurons containing calbindin. In the hippocampus, Kv3.1b was expressed in many @entity7053 -containing basket cells, as well as in calbindin-positive neurons in the stratum oriens, and in a small number of interneurons that did not stain for either @entity7053 or calbindin. Kv3.1b protein was not present in pyramidal cells in the neocortex and the hippocampus, but these cells were outlined by labeled presynaptic terminals from interneuron axons that surround the postsynaptic cell. In the cerebellar cortex, granule cells were the only population expressing the channel protein. Careful examination of individual granule cells revealed a non-uniform distribution of @entity48850 staining on the somata: circular bands of labeling were present in the vicinity of the axon hillock. In cortical and hippocampal interneurons, as well as in cerebellar granule cells, the Kv3.1b subunit was present in somatic and unmyelinated axonal membranes and adjacent cytoplasm, as well as in the most proximal portion of dendritic processes, but not throughout most of the dendrite. Labeling was also seen in the terminals of labeled axons, but not at a higher concentration than in other parts of the axon. The distribution in the cells analyzed supports a role in action potential transmission by regulating action potential duration.

title: Subcellular localization of the K+ channel subunit Kv3.1b in selected XXXX CNS neurons.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Light and the phytohormone @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) regulate overlapping processes in plants, such as seed germination and seedling development. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between light and @entity2272 signaling is largely unknown. Here, we show that @entity50996 ( @entity50996 ) and @entity50997 ( @entity50997 ), two key positive transcription factors in the phytochrome A pathway, directly bind to the promoter of @entity2272 -Insensitive5 and activate its expression in @entity958 ( @entity958 ). Disruption of @entity50996 and/or @entity50997 reduces the sensitivity to @entity2272 -mediated inhibition of seed germination, seedling development, and primary root growth. The seed germination of the @entity50996 mutant is also less sensitive to salt and osmotic stress than that of the wild type. Constitutive expression of @entity2272 -Insensitive5 restores the seed germination response of @entity50996 . Furthermore, the expression of several @entity2272 -responsive genes is decreased in the @entity50996 and/or @entity50997 mutants during seed imbibition. Consistently, @entity50996 and @entity50997 transcripts are up-regulated by @entity2272 and abiotic stresses. Moreover, the @entity50996 and @entity50997 mutants have wider stomata, lose water faster, and are more sensitive to drought than the wild type. These findings demonstrate that @entity50996 and @entity50997 are positive regulators of @entity2272 signaling and provide insight into the integration of light and @entity2272 signaling, a process that may allow plants to better adapt to environmental stresses.

title: @entity50996 and XXXX transcription factors integrate light and @entity2271 signaling in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity50997 :: (827173(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present spatial retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) attenuation coefficient maps for healthy and @entity735 based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. Quantitative analyses of differences between healthy and @entity735 were performed. METHODS: Peripapillary volumetric images of 10 healthy and 8 @entity735 were acquired by a Spectralis OCT system. Per A-line, the attenuation coefficient of the RNFL was determined based on a method that uses the retinal pigment epithelium as a reference layer. The attenuation coefficient describes the attenuation of light in tissue due to scattering and absorption. En-face maps were constructed and visually inspected. Differences between healthy and @entity735 were analyzed (Mann-Whitney U test), both globally (average values) and spatially (concentric and per segment). RESULTS: RNFL attenuation coefficient maps of healthy eyes showed relatively high and uniform values. For @entity735 , the attenuation coefficients were much lower and showed @entity154 . Normal and glaucomatous average RNFL attenuation coefficients were highly significantly different (P < 0.0001) and fully separable. The RNFL attenuation coefficient decreased with increasing optic nerve head distance for both groups, with highly significant differences for all distances (P < 0.001). The angular dependency showed high superio- and inferiotemporal and low nasal values, with most significant differences superio- and inferiotemporally. CONCLUSIONS: Maps of RNFL attenuation coefficients provide a novel way of assessing the health of the RNFL and are relatively insensitive to imaging artifacts affecting signal intensity. The highly significant difference between normal and @entity735 suggests using RNFL attenuation coefficient maps as a new clinical tool for diagnosing and monitoring @entity726 .

title: RPE-normalized RNFL attenuation coefficient maps derived from volumetric OCT imaging for XXXX assessment.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['local defects']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: To examine the action of @entity1881 on high energy @entity1391 compounds, a 31P-NMR technique was applied to perfused Langendorff @entity35 hearts. @entity35 were treated with @entity4793 (25 mg/kg body wt i.p.) for 7 consecutive days. On the 7th day, the @entity35 hearts were isolated for the Langendorff experiment. After 30 min of global @entity63 the NMR signals of @entity1734 and @entity855 in @entity1562 disappeared, and then recovered slightly in the reperfusion following @entity63 . However, in the @entity4793 -treated @entity35 hearts, the restoration of high energy @entity1391 compounds occurred quickly after the beginning of reperfusion, although there was no significant difference in the destruction of high energy @entity1391 compounds during the @entity63 . The @entity1881 level in the @entity1562 was severely depleted by @entity63 -reperfusion. In the @entity1881 -treated animals, the @entity1881 level in @entity1562 was still significantly higher than the control level at the end of 30 min of global @entity63 . The heart mitochondrial respiratory function was simultaneously protected against @entity63 -reperfusion injury. The role of @entity1881 was discussed as a radical scavenger and membrane stabilizer against @entity26 stress.

title: Effect of XXXX on high energy @entity1391 metabolite levels in @entity35 heart by 31P-NMR using a Langendorff perfusion technique.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol', 'tocopherol acetate']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

answer: @entity1881 :: (MESH:D024502,Chemical) :: ['alpha-tocopherol']


abstract: @entity65 is still hard to predict in an individual. The main focus in @entity65 has been on endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall and their interactions with the blood flow. Alterations in the properties of the blood have received a lot of attention in biochemical terms. Interestingly, alterations in the properties of circulating cells have received less attention. We propose that presence of 1 or more risk factors together with normal physiological stimuli induce redox-dependent changes in leukocyte gene transcription with pathophysiological responses. Thus, risk factors render leukocytes hypersensitive to normal stimuli. Risk factors can be subdivided into physical and chemical factors. Superimposed on physiological regulators of leukocyte function, these risk factors promote a cellular pro-oxidative state. Redox-sensitive transcription factors are activated, leading to responses involving @entity32 , adhesion, migration, and additional reactive @entity26 species generation. As a consequence, monitoring of individual gene expression signatures of these cells could well increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which leukocytes and, in particular, monocytes function. Furthermore, transcriptomes of these cells could be used to investigate the @entity146 of the @entity731 process or to guide treatment in the @entity1 with risk factors for @entity731 .

title: Role of circulating karyocytes in the initiation and progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular research']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in studying the anatomy, sites, and causes of @entity3883 . From September 1994 to May 1996 three-dimensional MRCP was performed on 31 @entity1 with @entity490 and @entity3883 with a fast spin-echo T2-weighted pulse sequence. The images were reconstructed using maximal intensity projection, AVERAGE and SURFACE algorithm processing techniques at a graphics workstation. All the reconstructed images were compared with those obtained using conventional cholangiographic techniques, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage, and intraoperative cholangiography. The @entity1 ' diagnoses included @entity2941 (13), @entity201 (five), @entity2877 (four), @entity788 (three), @entity980 (one), @entity1377 (one), recurrent @entity356 (one), ascaris (one), and @entity2876 (two). Extrahepatic biliary dilatation was present in all 13 @entity1 with @entity2941 ; the pancreatic ducts and their entrance level to the common bile duct were observed in eight of these @entity1 . The level of obstruction in @entity1 with @entity201 was well documented but the biliary tract of one @entity1 with @entity2876 was not identified by MRCP. In one @entity1 with @entity980 , MRCP clearly delineated the extrabiliary extension of the @entity5 . In a @entity1 with ascaris in the common bile duct an increase in signal intensity inside the digestive tract of the worm denoted fluid in its gut. @entity9279 was shown in all of the four @entity1 with @entity2877 . Thus, MRCP is a useful tool in the assessment of biliary tract obstruction and its causes, and is a valuable addition to ultrasonography.

title: Three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary Vater carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['Lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma', 'biliary rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: Surgery is usually not indicated for @entity3483 ( @entity1143 ) due to its poor prognosis. However, @entity1143 is first detected at thoracotomy, and it is difficult to judge an appropriate mode of resection. Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity2 were first diagnosed as @entity1143 ( @entity1143 ) at thoracotomy. The histological types were 36 @entity420 , @entity957 and three @entity152 . Sixteen @entity1 had only @entity1143 , 17 had only @entity1143 , and 16 had both @entity1143 and @entity1143 . Ten @entity1 underwent only exploratory thoracotomy, seven partial resection, 27 lobectomy and five panpleuropneumonectomy. The overall survival rate was 26.7% at 3 years. The @entity1 with @entity1143 and/or @entity1143 seemed to have a poorer survival compared to our previous study. The @entity1 with only @entity1143 showed a significantly better prognosis than the @entity1 with only @entity1143 (P=0.0001) or with @entity1143 + @entity1143 (P=0.019). The @entity1 who underwent exploratory thoracotomy showed poor survival. There were significant differences in the survival in relation to the extent of the @entity5 . In conclusion, the @entity1 with T1-2 of @entity5 and only a small amount of @entity1143 without @entity1143 can be expected to show long-term survival after @entity5 resection.

title: The prognostic significance of @entity3483 at the time of thoracotomy in XXXX with non-small cell lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'PE and/or pleural dissemination', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['ten squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It is difficult to assemble data from an @entity1167 since there is often lack of objective information. The true incidence of @entity1164 out-of-hospital is not known since far from all of these @entity1 are attended by emergency medical services. The incidence of @entity1167 increases with age and is more common among @entity1 . Among @entity1 who die, the probability of having a fatal event outside hospital decreases with age; i. e. younger @entity1 tend to more often die unexpectedly and outside hospital. Among the different initial @entity943 , @entity2224 is the most common among @entity1 with cardiac aetiology. The true distribution of initial @entity943 is not known since several minutes most often elapse between collapse and rhythm assessment. Most @entity1 with @entity1167 have a cardiac aetiology. @entity1167 most frequently occur in the @entity1 's home, but the prognosis is shown to be better when they occur in a public place. @entity1167 , @entity2224 as initial @entity943 and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are important predictors for immediate survival. In the long-term perspective, @entity1167 in connection with acute @entity583 , high left ventricular ejection fraction, moderate age, absence of other @entity712 signs and no history of @entity583 promotes better prognosis. Still there is much to learn about time trends, the influence of @entity1 characteristics, comorbidity and hospital treatment among @entity1 with prehospital @entity1167 .

title: The epidemiology of out-of-hospital 'sudden' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['out-of-hospital cardiac arrest', 'cardiac arrest', 'Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests', 'Witnessed arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: The cervical lymphatic metastasis rate of @entity5 is low, and has seldom been reported. This study was to explore the factors related to cervical lymphatic metastasis of @entity5 , and analyze its correlation to prognosis. METHODS: Clinical data of 83 @entity1 with @entity5 , treated in @entity5 Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1992 to 2000, were reviewed retrospectively. The lymphatic metastasis rate, distribution of metastatic lymph nodes, influence factors of neck recurrence of cN0 @entity5 , and correlation of cervical lymphatic metastasis to prognosis of @entity5 were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall lymphatic metastasis rate was 20.5%. The neck recurrence rate of cN0 @entity1 was 14.3%. Most metastatic lymph nodes located at the ipsilateral levels II, III, and IV, while only 1 located at the contralateral level II. For cN0 @entity1 , there was no difference in the neck recurrence rate between observation group and prophylactic cervical radiation group (P=0.772). Histopathologic differentiation affected the neck recurrence of cN0 @entity1 (P=0.028); while T stage did not relate to the neck recurrence (P=0.217). The prognosis of cN+ @entity1 was poorer than that of cN0 @entity1 (P<0.001). The neck recurrence of CN0 @entity1 did not affect the prognosis (P=0.460). CONCLUSION: Most metastatic lymph nodes of @entity5 locate at the ipsilateral levels II, III, and IV. Poor differentiation is significantly correlated to high risk of neck recurrence among cN0 @entity1 . However, the recurrence does not affect the prognosis. Close observation should be done to the cervix of cN0 @entity1 ; while neck dissection should be done to cN+ @entity1 .

title: [Correlation of cervical lymphatic metastasis to prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'glottic cancer', 'T3-T4 glottic cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['T3-T4 glottic cancer']


abstract: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is a @entity245 with an etiology that is not fully understood. @entity71 has been considered to occur due to a disturbance in cathecholaminergic neurotransmission, with particular emphasis on @entity935 . The neurotransmission of @entity935 in subcortical regions such as the basal ganglia and limbic areas is synaptic; on the other hand, @entity935 neurotransmission in the frontal cortex is quite different, because there are very few @entity935 transporters (DAT) in the frontal cortex that allow @entity935 to diffuse away from the @entity935 synapse ("volume transmission"). It is now clear that noradrenergic neurons play a key regulatory role in dopaminergic function in the frontal cortex. Furthermore, serotonergic neurons exert an inhibitory effect on midbrain @entity935 cell bodies, and they have an influence on @entity935 release in terminal regions. There is accumulating neurobiological evidence pointing toward a role of the @entity750 system in @entity71 . The etiology of @entity72 ( @entity72 ) is still unclear, but information from genetics, neuropathology, brain imaging, and basic neuroscience has provided insights into the understanding of this @entity245 . In addition to abnormal circuitry in specific limbic and neocortical areas of the cerebral cortex, impairments in brainstem, cerebellar, thalamic, and basal ganglia connections have been reported. Numerous studies have pointed to abnormalities in @entity750 and @entity2227 neurotransmission. Three important aspects involved in the pathophysiology of @entity72 have been proposed. The first is cell migration, the second is unbalanced excitatory-inhibitory networks, and the third is synapse formation and pruning, the key factors being reelin, neurexin, and neuroligin. @entity750 is considered to play an important role in all of these aspects of the pathophysiology of @entity72 . Finally, I would like to emphasize that it is crucial in the field of @entity1 neurology medical examination and treatment should be based on the basic neuroscience, always taking "neurons" into consideration.

title: [Neurotransmission in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['AD/HD', 'Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous developmental disorder', 'developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['developmental disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (PIB) may be a supportive antimicrobial approach for use in endodontics, but sufficient activation of photosensitizers (PS) in root canals is a critical point. Therefore, aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of PS absorbing blue (TMPyP) or red light ( @entity6693 ; MB) for light activation through @entity1 dental hard and simulated surrounding tissue to inactivate root canal bacteria. Methods: A tooth model was fabricated with a @entity1 premolar and two molars in an acrylic resin bloc simulating the optical properties of a porcine jaw. The distal root canal of the first molar was enlarged to insert a glass tube (external diameter 2 mm) containing PS and stationary-phase @entity797 . Both PS (10  M) were irradiated for 120 s with BlueV (20 mW/cm(2);   em = 400-460 nm) or PDT 1200L (37.8 mW/cm(2);   em = 570-680 nm; both: Waldmann Medizintechnik), respectively. Irradiation parameters ensured identical numbers of photons absorbed by each PS. Three setups were chosen: irradiating the glass pipette only (G), the glass pipette inside the single tooth without ( @entity1422 ) and with (GTM) simulated surrounding tissues. Colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. Transmission measurements of the buccal halves of hemisected mandibular first molars were performed by means of a photospectrometer. Results: PIB with both PS led to reduction by >=  5 log10 of @entity797 CFU for each setup. From transmission measurements, a threshold wavelength   th for allowing an amount of light transmission for sufficient activation of PS was determined to be 430 nm. Conclusion: This study can be seen as proof of principle that light activation of given intra-canal PS from outside a tooth may be possible at wavelengths >=  430 nm, facilitating clinical application of PIB in endodontics.

title: Photodynamic Inactivation of Root Canal Bacteria by Light Activation through XXXX Dental Hard and Simulated Surrounding Tissue.

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylene Blue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Open non comparative study for the evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of the new @entity5230 formulation, the Fast Dissolving Dosage Form tablets for sublingual administration in the treatment of @entity1834 . The 54 @entity1 enrolled in the study have been treated with @entity5230 sublingual tablets: 40 mg single daily dose for the first two days and 20 mg for the following three days for a total of 5 days of therapy to be repeated for two consecutive menstrual cycles. The drug efficacy was evaluated on the basis of variation of intensity in @entity158 and associated symptoms, as @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity391 , etc. The ability to perform normal daily activity has also been evaluated. The intensity of spontaneous @entity158 in the first and second cycles showed a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.0001) only 15 minutes after drug administration. This improvement increased in the first and in the following days. The relief from @entity158 was stronger in the second cycle, in fact none of the @entity1 had to assume a further analgesic drug, as happened during the first cycle of therapy. As regards the symptoms associated to @entity158 , as @entity10 and low back @entity158 , they significatively decreased starting from the first cycle of treatment. The improvement became more marked during the second cycle of therapy. @entity262 was good. Only 5 @entity1 experienced systemic side effects in the first cycle, and 12 in the second cycle. Three @entity1 experienced local side effects in the first cycle, and 1 in the second cycle. These effects were well tolerated and did not cause the treatment discontinuation. Moreover, most of the side effects occurred, as @entity390 and @entity294 , are symptoms commonly associated to @entity1834 . In conclusion, @entity5230 fast dissolving dosage form for sublingual administration, in the treatment of @entity1834 , showed its analgesic efficacy 15 minutes after the drug administration. It has also a good local and systemic tolerability.

title: [Primary XXXX treated with sublingual @entity5230 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea', 'primary dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Local and systemic tolerability']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['cephalgia']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['dysmenorrhea']


abstract: Our objective was to test the hypothesis that anthropometry and body composition were independently associated with sex- @entity134 concentration in adolescent @entity1 . Premenarcheal (age, mean +/- SD = 10.9 +/- 0.6, N = 51), perimenarcheal (age = 13.7 +/- 0.6, N = 74), and postmenarcheal (age = 16.7 +/- 0.6, N = 44) cohorts provided saliva at morning recess during the schoolday over 6 weeks. @entity53 , @entity251 , @entity1420 , and @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) were quantified. Age, developmental cohort, self-reported Tanner stage of breast development and pubic-hair distribution, gynecological age, height, weight, waist/hip ratio, and percent body fat (by impedance) were assessed. Repeated measures were reduced to a mean. Data were hierarchically standardized for sexual maturation status, and then used to predict anthropometry/percent body fat. After intensive repeated sampling, individuals still varied widely in @entity251 , @entity1420 , and @entity2494 concentrations within a developmental cohort (35.0 < or = coefficient of variation < or = 66.5%). Individual hormone concentration was repeatable across 2 years (0.51 < or = r(2) < or = 0.73). In spite of the variability within a cohort, there was no evidence for an association between the standardized hormone and body mass index, percent body fat, or waist/hip ratio, whether or not measures were age-adjusted (21 univariate tests; 0.19 < or = P < or = 0.96). Stratification by developmental cohort also did not reveal associations. Low @entity53 assay precision precluded analyses. In conclusion, despite considerable population variation in hormone concentration after repeated sampling, no evidence supported an association between anthropometry or pecent body fat and @entity251 , @entity1420 , or @entity2494 in adolescent @entity1 .

title: Anthropometry and body composition do not predict bioavailable androgen or @entity1420 concentration in adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing with conventional suturing during abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled prospective study. A total of 88 @entity1 with @entity1868 uteri larger than 14 weeks in size were divided into two groups: group A (44 @entity1 who were administered the LigaSure vessel sealing system during surgery) and group B (44 @entity1 who were administered conventional sutures during surgery). Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed in all @entity1 . Hemoglobin reduction, operation time, hospital stay and visual analogue scale parameters of @entity1 in both groups were compared. SPSS 16.0 was utilized in statistical analyses. The outcomes with a 95% confidence interval and a p value of less than 0.05 were regarded as significant. RESULTS: When the two groups were compared, it was observed that the LigaSure device significantly reduced the operation time (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, no statistically significant difference was determined in hemoglobin reduction, hospital stay and visual analogue scale parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity1868 uteri cases larger than 14 weeks in size, LigaSure vessel sealing is a secure and comfortable method for surgeons to achieve shorter operation times in abdominal hysterectomy.

title: Efficacy of electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing for abdominal hysterectomy with uterine XXXX more than 14 weeks in size: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1868 :: (MESH:D009214,Disease) :: ['myomas']


abstract: @entity28 and elevated serum @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) level are major risk factors in the development of @entity0 . We investigated the long-term effects of high- @entity3093 soy intake and @entity28 on @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced @entity5 development and on serum @entity2135 ( @entity9929 ) levels. Lean and @entity28 female Zucker @entity35 fed casein or high- @entity3093 soy protein were orally gavaged at age 50 days with @entity106 and sacrificed after 147 days. The majority of lean casein-fed @entity35 (69%) developed @entity5 compared to 50% in lean soy-fed @entity35 (P=0.176). In the @entity28 groups, 76% of soy-fed @entity35 developed @entity5 compared to 15% of @entity28 casein-fed @entity35 (P<0.001). At age 43 days, @entity9929 was increased in the lean soy-fed @entity35 compared to the lean casein-fed @entity35 (P<0.05). At age 99 days, soy- and @entity28 casein-fed @entity35 exhibited increased serum @entity2135 compared to the lean @entity35 and this increase was maintained for the rest of the experiment (P<0.05). Obese @entity35 fed casein exhibited increased @entity9929 levels (P<0.001). However, @entity28 @entity35 fed soy exhibited a significant decrease in @entity9929 levels compared to the lean soy-fed @entity35 (P<0.001) and a significant decrease in @entity9929 levels compared to the @entity28 casein-fed @entity35 (P<0.001). At age 197 days, @entity9929 levels were increased in @entity28 casein-and soy-fed @entity35 (P<0.001). The results suggest that female Zucker @entity35 fed casein diets are protected against @entity106 -induced @entity5 , which is not the case for those on high- @entity3093 soy diet, and changes in the concentration of serum @entity9929 may contribute to the incidence of @entity106 -induced @entity5 .

title: Effects of high- @entity3093 soy diet vs. casein protein diet and @entity28 on @entity106 -induced XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumors', 'mammary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1', 'IGF-1 and binding protein', 'insulin growth factor-1']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['mammary tumor']


abstract: 1. The in vitro effect of neuroactive @entity230 on the @entity1025 -dependent @entity141 -ATPase activity in neuronal membranes isolated from primary cell culture of @entity35 cortex was examined. 2. A 1-hr treatment of neuronal cell culture with @entity53 (10 pM) and @entity10768 (1 microM) resulted in an increase in the enzyme activity of as much as 130% and 160%, respectively. 3. Neuroactive @entity230 moderately decreased the stimulation of the @entity1025 -dependent @entity141 -ATPase activity by 72 nM calmodulin, by 20-30%. 4. The effects of hormones on the ATPase activity were irreversible after extensive washing of the membranes. 5. These results suggest that @entity53 and @entity10768 at physiological concentrations could participate in the regulation of neuronal @entity460 homeostasis at a membrane level.

title: Neuroactive XXXX modulate in vitro the @entity1025 -dependent @entity141 -ATPase activity in cultured @entity35 neurons.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17-beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10768 :: ('MESH:C018370', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone sulfate']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the association between duration of vitrectomy, as well as other risk factors, and the progression of @entity1463 and @entity231 in the Vitrectomy for Macular Hole Study. DESIGN: A cohort study nested within a randomized controlled clinical trial. METHODS: Using a system similar to the Lens Opacities Classification @entity262 , @entity1463 ( @entity1463 ) and @entity231 ( @entity231 ) were scored in the vitrectomy and fellow eye of 74 @entity1 at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Age, baseline blood pressure and refractive power, and duration of surgery were evaluated as risk factors for @entity1463 or @entity231 progression and @entity231 extraction. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1463 progression in the surgical group of vitrectomy eyes was 81% at 6 months, 98% at 1 year, and 100% at 2 years of follow-up. In contrast, @entity1463 progression in the control group of fellow eyes was only 18% at 6 months, 20% at 1 year, and 8% at 2 years. The incidence of @entity231 progression in the surgical group remained at approximately 11% throughout follow-up, which was not significantly higher than the 3% to 5% incidence in the control group. Vitrectomy was significantly related to progression of @entity1463 @entity231 (P <.001) and @entity231 extraction (P <.01). No statistically significant differences were found for @entity1463 scores, @entity231 scores, or progression rates between eyes that had less than median surgical duration (60 min.) or more than the median surgical duration. Additionally, no significant differences were found when eyes that experienced 45 minutes or less surgical duration were compared with eyes that endured more than 75 minutes surgical duration. Age, blood pressure, and refractive power were not found to be predictors for @entity1463 and @entity231 progression. CONCLUSIONS: Although vitrectomy is a risk factor for @entity1463 progression, the duration of vitrectomy does not increase the risk.

title: Duration of vitrectomy and postoperative XXXX in the vitrectomy for macular hole study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nuclear sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['System II']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['posterior subcapsular cataract', 'PSC', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']