abstract: Common features such as elastic fibre destruction, mucoid accumulation, and smooth muscle cell apoptosis are co-localized in @entity439 of the ascending aorta of various aetiologies. Recent experimental studies reported an activation of @entity2533 in @entity439 related to Marfan (and Loeys-Dietz) syndrome. Here we investigate @entity2533 signalling in normal and pathological @entity1 ascending aortic wall in @entity439 . Aneurysmal ascending aortic specimens, classified according to aetiology: syndromic MFS (n = 15, including two mutations in @entity2534 ), associated with BAV (n = 15) or degenerative forms (n = 19), were examined. We show that the amounts of @entity2533 protein retained within and released by aneurysmal tissue were greater than for control aortic tissue, whatever the aetiology, contrasting with an unchanged @entity2533 mRNA level. The increase in stored @entity2533 was associated with enhanced @entity2535 protein and mRNA levels. These dysregulations of the extracellular ligand are associated with higher phosphorylated @entity2536 and @entity2536 mRNA levels in the ascending aortic wall from all types of @entity439 . This activation correlated with the degree of elastic @entity2537 . Surprisingly, there was no consistent association between the nuclear location of pSmad2 and extracellular @entity2533 and @entity2535 staining and between their respective mRNA expressions. In parallel, decorin was focally increased in aneurysmal media, whereas biglycan was globally decreased in aneurysmal aortas. In conclusion, this study highlights independent dysregulations of @entity2533 retention and @entity2536 signalling in @entity439 of the ascending aorta.

title: @entity439 of the @entity1 ascending aorta share activation of the XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['fibre fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'syndromic and non-syndromic aneurysms', 'syndromic and non-syndromic aneurysmal disease']

answer: @entity2536 :: (4087,Gene) :: ['Smad2']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The @entity717 ( @entity717 ), the short form-36 (SF-36) physical component summary (PCS), and @entity158 scales for arm and @entity4048 are increasingly used to evaluate treatment effectiveness after cervical spine surgery. The @entity922 ( @entity922 ) is a threshold of improvement that is clinically relevant to the @entity1 . However, the true goal is to provide the @entity1 with a substantial clinical benefit (SCB). PURPOSE: This study determines the @entity922 and SCB using common anchor-based methods for @entity717 , PCS, and @entity158 scales for arm and @entity4048 in @entity1 undergoing cervical spine fusion for @entity179 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: The study setting is a longitudinal cohort in a multisurgeon spine specialty clinic. @entity1 SAMPLE: The sample comprises 505 @entity1 who underwent a cervical fusion for degenerative spine conditions and who have prospectively collected outcome scores with a minimum 1-year follow-up. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures of the study were @entity717 , SF-36, and numeric rating scales for arm and @entity4048 . METHODS: The @entity922 and SCB values for @entity717 , PCS, and @entity158 scales for arm and @entity4048 were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with the Health Transition Item of the SF-36 as an anchor. The Health Transition Item asks a @entity1 "Compared to one year ago, how would you rate your health in general now?" with answers ranging from "Much Better," "Somewhat Better," "About the Same," "Somewhat Worse," to "Much Worse." An ROC curve was constructed for each measure. The ROC curve-derived @entity922 was the change score with equal sensitivity and specificity to distinguish the "Somewhat Better" from the "About the Same" @entity1 . The ROC curve-derived SCB was the change score with equal sensitivity and specificity to distinguish the "Much Better" from the "Somewhat Better" @entity1 . Distribution-based methods including the standard error of the mean and the minimum detectable change were also used to calculate @entity922 . RESULTS: The calculated @entity922 is 7.5 for the @entity717 , 4.1 for SF-36 PCS, and 2.5 for arm and @entity4048 . The calculated SCB is 9.5 for the @entity717 , 6.5 for SF-36 PCS, and 3.5 for arm and @entity4048 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with an eight-point decrease in @entity717 , a 4.1-point increase in PCS, and a three-point decrease in arm or @entity4048 can detect a minimally clinically important change. @entity1 with a 10-point decrease in @entity717 , a 6.5-point increase in PCS, and a four-point decrease in arm or @entity4048 can detect an SCB after cervical spine fusion.

title: @entity717 , short form-36 physical component summary, and XXXX scales for neck and arm @entity158 : the @entity922 and substantial clinical benefit after cervical spine fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimum clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) involves inappropriate mucosal immune responses to intestinal microbiota. Gut dendritic cells (DC) are central immunoregulators of the response to commensal bacteria, and the subset of @entity2935 (+) cells within the human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR(+)) lineage (lin)(-/dim) population are activated in @entity29 . We hypothesized that @entity2935 (-) cells within this population may also be involved in intestinal @entity32 . HLA-DR(+) lin(-/dim) cells were identified in freshly isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells by multi-colour flow cytometry in 54 @entity31 @entity1 and 22 controls. Proportion and number of @entity2935 (+) and @entity2935 (-) cells, and surface expression of activation markers @entity2936 , @entity2937 , @entity2938 , @entity2939 , and @entity2940 (+)[natural killer (NK) marker], were determined. Cytokine production was assessed by intracellular staining. Lamina propria colonic @entity2935 (-) HLA-DR(+) lin(-/dim) cells were increased significantly in inflamed and 'non-inflamed' @entity31 tissue, compared with control tissue. @entity2935 (+) HLA-DR(+) lin(-/dim) cells were unchanged. Fewer @entity2935 (-) cells expressed activation markers and produced intracellular cytokines than their @entity2935 (+) counterparts, and they were weakly stimulatory in mixed leucocyte reactions. Few @entity2935 (-) cells expressed blood plasmacytoid DC markers, but a major subset expressed high levels of @entity2940 . @entity2935 (-) cells decreased after @entity32 resolved. Intestinal @entity32 in @entity31 is associated with the presence of cells that share phenotypic features of both DC and NK cells. This novel population of @entity1 colonic @entity2940 (+) HLA-DR(+) cells may play a role in immune regulation or tissue repair. Their increase in quiescent @entity31 may be a marker of subclinical @entity32 .

title: A novel population of XXXX @entity2940 + human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR+) colonic lamina propria cells is associated with @entity32 in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2938 :: ('7097', 'Gene') :: ['Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of @entity219 -endopeptidases, have a critical role in the pathophysiological responses in damaged brains. MMPs are up-regulated in brain pathologies. To clarify the extracellular signals involved in brain MMP production, the effects of endothelins (ETs), a family of vasoconstricting peptides, were examined. Intracerebroventricular administration of 500 pmol/day Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1, an @entity10932 -receptor agonist, increased the mRNAs of @entity11017 and @entity6929 in @entity35 hippocampus and cerebrum. Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 did not affect mRNA levels of @entity17533 , 12, and 14. Administration of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 for 7 days also increased the protein content and proteolytic activities of @entity11017 and @entity6929 in the cerebrum. Immunohistochemical observations showed that astrocytes in the hippocampus and the cerebrum of ET-infused @entity35 had @entity11017 and @entity6929 reactivities. In @entity35 cultured astrocytes, both Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 (100 nM) and ET-1 (100 nM) increased @entity11017 and @entity6929 mRNAs. ET-1 stimulated the protein releases and the proteolytic activities of @entity11017 and @entity6929 from cultured astrocytes. @entity11345 , an @entity10932 antagonist, inhibited the effects of @entity1827 and @entity6929 . The ET-induced expression of @entity6929 , but not @entity11017 , was inhibited by @entity13373 , proteasome inhibitor I, and @entity16626 . These results suggest that ET stimulates astrocytic @entity11017 and @entity6929 production through @entity10932 receptors.

title: Intracerebroventricular administration of an endothelin XXXX -receptor agonist increases expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

answer: @entity10932 :: (50672(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['ET(B)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic techniques have evolved, allowing increased capabilities within most subspecialties of general surgery, but have failed to gain traction managing injured @entity1 . We hypothesized that laparoscopy is effective in the diagnosis and treatment of penetrating @entity3511 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 undergoing abdominal exploration following penetrating @entity130 at our Level 1 @entity130 center during a 6-year period from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2013. Demographic and resuscitation data were obtained from our @entity130 registry. Charts were reviewed for operative details, hospital course, and complications. Hospital length of stay (LOS) and complications were primary end points. @entity1 were classified as having nontherapeutic diagnostic laparoscopy (DL), nontherapeutic diagnostic celiotomy (DC), @entity6080 ( @entity6080 ), or @entity6080 ( @entity6080 ). @entity6080 @entity1 were case-matched 2:1 with @entity6080 @entity1 having similar intra- @entity3511 . RESULTS: A total of 518 @entity1 , including 281 @entity1 (55%) with stab wounds and 237 @entity1 (45%) with gunshot wounds, were identified. Celiotomy was performed in 380 @entity1 (73%), laparoscopy in 138 (27%), with 44 (32%) converted to celiotomy. Nontherapeutic explorations were compared including 70 DLs and 46 DCs with similar injury severity. LOS was shorter in DLs compared with DCs (1 day vs. 4 days, p < 0.001). There were no missed @entity130 . Therapeutic explorations were compared by matching all @entity6080 @entity1 2:1 to @entity6080 @entity1 with similar type and severity of @entity130 . Twenty-four @entity1 underwent @entity6080 compared with 48 @entity6080 @entity1 in the case matched group. LOS was shorter in the @entity6080 group than in the @entity6080 group (4 days vs. 2 days, p < 0.001). @entity2737 were more common with open exploration (10.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.002), and more @entity1 developed @entity1744 after open exploration (9.4% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy is safe and accurate in penetrating @entity3511 . The use of laparoscopy resulted in shorter hospitalization, fewer @entity6081 and ileus complications, as well as no missed @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

title: Minimally invasive is maximally effective: Diagnostic and XXXX for penetrating @entity3511 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infections']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['ileus or small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6080 :: ('MESH:D018467', 'Disease') :: ['TC', 'therapeutic celiotomy', 'TL', 'therapeutic laparoscopy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity6080 :: (MESH:D018467,Disease) :: ['therapeutic laparoscopy']


abstract: This paper analyses whether it is possible to use dynamic compression plates (DCPs) and @entity1688 ( @entity1688 ) to vary the flexibility of @entity3604 without compromising the strength and stability of the construct. Compression, torsion and four-point bending static strength tests were conducted. Cyclic load tests of up to 10,000 load cycles were also carried out to determine stiffness performance. Four fixation systems were mounted onto @entity2636 bone models. Group 1 consists of the DCP and six cortical screws. Group 2, idem, but with the addition of two @entity1688 . Group 3, idem, but with the addition of six @entity1688 . Group 4 used the locking compression plate (LCP) and locking screws. The results indicated no significant difference (p>0.05) in the strength of groups 2-4. It was also observed that the torsional stiffness of group 3 (0.30 Nm/  ) was higher than that of group 2 (0.23 Nm/  ) and similar to that of group 4 (0.28 Nm/  ). Compression stiffness of group 4 (124 N/mm) was higher than that of group 2 (102 N/mm), but lower than that of group 3 (150 N/mm). No notable differences were observed for structural bending stiffness. It is concluded that by using the @entity1298 with @entity1688 it is possible to modify the stiffness of the fixation construct for the repair of @entity3604 and, in this way, facilitate the conditions suitable on secondary bone healing.

title: Screw locking elements: a means to modify the flexibility of XXXX with DCPs without compromising system strength or stability.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures', 'osteoporotic fracture fixation']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['SLEs', 'screw locking elements']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fracture fixation']


abstract: The influence of endogenous sex @entity230 and exogenous @entity251 treatment on pulsatile GH secretion, body weight, longitudinal bone growth, and hepatic @entity134 metabolism was studied in male and female adult @entity35 . Blood samples were obtained from the tip of the tail, and maximum and minimum GH levels were determined in individual @entity35 to evaluate pulse heights and baseline levels. Longitudinal bone growth was measured using the intravital marker @entity803 , and hepatic @entity134 metabolism was evaluated by determining the enzyme activities of 16 alpha-hydroxylase and 5 alpha-reductase. Neonatal, but not prepubertal, gonadectomy of male @entity35 suppressed maximum and mean plasma GH levels during adult life. The body weight and the rate of longitudinal bone growth were also decreased. @entity251 treatment neonatally reversed all of these effects. Neonatal gonadectomy of male @entity35 also caused an elevation of minimum plasma GH levels, an effect, however, which was not reversed by @entity251 replacement during neonatal life. Neonatally gonadectomized females treated with @entity251 neonatally or during adult life increased their maximum and decreased their minimum GH levels. Their longitudinal bone growth was increased. The body weight of these @entity35 was increased by neonatal, but not adult, @entity251 treatment. There was no effect of neonatal ovariectomy on plasma GH levels in 3- to 4-month-old female @entity35 . However, neonatal ovariectomy did increase the maximum and mean plasma GH levels immediately postpubertally, suggesting that the effect of the ovaries on GH secretion differs among mature female @entity35 of different ages. Prepubertal gonadectomy of male @entity35 feminized their hepatic @entity134 metabolism by decreasing 16 alpha-hydroxylase and increasing 5 alpha-reductase activities. Neonatal gonadectomy caused an even more pronounced feminization, which was partly reversed in @entity35 given @entity251 replacement therapy neonatally. In neonatally gonadectomized female @entity35 , treatment with @entity251 during adult life increased 16 alpha-hydroxylase and decreased 5 alpha-reductase to levels seen in intact male @entity35 . The present results indicate that neonatally secreted testicular @entity3800 imprint the high amplitude pulses characteristic of GH secretion in adult male @entity35 . Neonatal @entity3800 also stimulate somatic growth and partially account for the masculinized hepatic @entity134 metabolism in the adult animal. It is proposed that imprinting of the GH secretory pattern contributes to the influence of neonatal testicular @entity3800 on body growth and hepatic @entity134 -metabolizing enzymes.

title: Imprinting of growth hormone secretion, body growth, and hepatic @entity134 metabolism by neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that numerous sprouts originating from a @entity2950 , after @entity128 in neonatal animals, can invade spinal nerve roots. However, no study with a focus on how such sprouts behave when they reach the border between the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS-PNS border) has been published. In this study we have in detail examined the CNS-PNS border of ventral roots in kittens with light and electron microscopy after early postnatal sciatic nerve resection. A transient ingrowth of substance P positive axons was observed into the CNS, but no spouts remained 6   weeks after the injury. Using serial sections and electron microscopy it was possible to identify small bundles of unmyelinated axons that penetrated from the root fascicles for a short distance into the CNS. These axons ended blindly, sometimes with a growth cone-like terminal swelling filled with vesicles. The axon bundles were accompanied by @entity2251 positive cells in both the root fascicles and the pia mater, but not in the CNS. It may thus be suggested that @entity2252 presenting @entity2251 positive cells could facilitate axonal growth into the pia mater and that the lack of such cells in the CNS compartment might contribute to the failure of growth into the CNS. A maldevelopment of myelin sheaths at the CNS-PNS border of motor axons was observed and it seems possible that this could have consequences for the propagation of action potential across this region after @entity128 . Thus, in this first detailed study on the behavior of recurrent sprouts at the CNS-PNS border.

title: Observations at the CNS-PNS Border of Ventral Roots Connected to a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'neonatal nerve injury']

answer: @entity2950 :: (MESH:D009463,Disease) :: ['Neuroma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are extremely rare @entity5 that arise in association with @entity4482 ( @entity4482 ), cellular @entity4482 (CBN), common @entity4482 ( @entity4482 ), or de novo. The frequency of @entity817 , @entity8497 , and KIT mutations in @entity320 varies according to histological subtype and localization. These mutations are rarely observed in @entity4482 , which have recently been shown to carry activating mutations in @entity10158 / @entity10159 genes. Only few small molecular studies of @entity5 have been published. The aim of the present study was to analyze in @entity5 and related @entity75 such as @entity4482 , CBN, and @entity4482 the prevalence of @entity817 , @entity8497 , KIT, @entity10158 , and @entity10159 gene mutations and their association with clinicopathological features. We included in our study 12 @entity5 , 6 @entity4482 , 29 CBN, and 35 common @entity4482 diagnosed between 1996 and 2014. Sanger sequencing method was used for mutation analysis. Overall, @entity10158 exon 5 mutation was the most frequent alteration (46  %), in 2 of 12 (17  %) @entity5 , 1 of 6 (17  %) @entity4482 , 22 of 29 (76  %) CBN, and 13 of 35 (37  %) common @entity4482 . @entity817 @entity8554 and @entity10159 exon 5 mutations were respectively detected in 3 of 12 (25  %) and in 2 of 12 (17  %) @entity5 while none in @entity4482 , CBN, and common @entity4482 . None of the cases harbored @entity8497 exon 2/3, KIT exon 9/11/13/17/18, or @entity10158 / @entity10159 exon 4 mutations. @entity10158 gene exon 5 mutations are rare in @entity5 and @entity4482 but frequent in CBN and common @entity4482 . Remarkably, @entity817 @entity8554 and @entity10159 exon 5 mutations were only detected in @entity5 , whereas none were found in @entity4482 , CBN, or common @entity4482 . Our data contribute new elements to the limited data on molecular alterations in @entity5 .

title: Molecular alterations in @entity5 and related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant blue nevi', 'dermal melanocytic tumors', 'MBN']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['blue lesions']

entities_list: @entity4482 :: ('MESH:D018329', 'Disease') :: ['BN', 'blue nevi', 'ACBN', 'atypical cellular blue nevi']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['blue lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify nationwide trends and factors associated with the use of computed tomography (CT) in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was exempt from institutional review board approval. Data from the 1995-2007 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used to evaluate the numbers and percentages of @entity341 visits associated with CT. A mean of 30   044 visits were sampled each year. Data were also subcategorized according to multiple @entity1 and hospital characteristics. The Rao-Scott   (2) test was performed to determine whether CT use was similar across subpopulations. Data were evaluated according to exponential and logistic growth models. RESULTS: From 1995 to 2007, the number of @entity341 visits that included a CT examination increased from 2.7 million to 16.2 million, constituting a 5.9-fold increase and a compound annual growth rate of 16.0%. The percentage of visits associated with CT increased from 2.8% to 13.9%, constituting a 4.9-fold increase and a compound annual growth rate of 14.2%. The exponential growth model provided the best fit for the trend in CT use. CT use was greater in older @entity1 , white @entity1 , @entity1 admitted to the hospital, and @entity1 at facilities in metropolitan regions. By the end of the study period, the top chief complaints among those who underwent CT were @entity490 , @entity10 , and @entity662 . The percentage of @entity1 visits associated with CT for all evaluated chief complaints increased-most substantially among those who underwent CT for flank, abdominal, or @entity662 . CONCLUSION: Use of CT has increased at a higher rate in the @entity341 than in other settings. The overall use of CT had not begun to taper by 2007.

title: National trends in CT use in the XXXX : 1995-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity842 modifies free radical-mediated cell processes in multiple in vivo and in vitro systems. The aim of this study was to determine the role of hepatocyte production of NO in oxidative injury. METHODS: @entity35 hepatocytes in primary culture were incubated with @entity10737 , a source of @entity224 . Interleukin (IL) 1 was added to induce NO synthesis. Injury was determined by @entity492 aminotransferase (AST), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels. RESULTS: @entity10738 -induced injury increased AST and @entity1865 levels and decreased @entity2197 levels in control and IL-1-treated cells. Inhibition of NO synthesis in IL-1-treated cells significantly increased AST and @entity1865 production while enhancing @entity2197 depletion. In the presence of @entity224 dismutase or @entity10739 , an exogenous source of NO, injury was decreased or abolished. NO production was significantly increased with oxidative stress. In @entity10738 -induced injury in IL-1-stimulated hepatocytes, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction showed significantly increased levels of @entity1506 messenger RNA, whereas immunoblot analysis showed similarly increased levels of @entity1506 protein. CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity35 hepatocyte model of IL-1/ @entity10738 -mediated injury, NO, derived from endogenous synthesis or an exogenous donor, is protective. Oxidative stress may have a role in the transcriptional control of NO synthesis.

title: Interleukin 1-induced production of XXXX inhibits @entity10738 -mediated oxidative injury in @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity10738 :: ('CHEBI:22707', 'Chemical') :: ['benzenetriol', 'Benzenetriol']

entities_list: @entity10739 :: ('MESH:C091665', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-albumin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3003 / @entity1311 (CP), with or without @entity2857 , result in objective response rates of 18-20  % in unselected chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 . Molecular predictors of survival and response to CP-based chemotherapy in @entity320 ( @entity320 ) are critical to improving the therapeutic index. Intergroup trial E2603 randomized @entity320 @entity1 to CP with or without @entity2857 . Expression data were collected from pre-treatment formalin-fixed @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) @entity5 tissues from 115 of 823 @entity1 enrolled on E2603. The selected @entity1 were balanced across treatment arms, @entity817 status, and clinical outcome. We generated data using Nanostring array (microRNA (miRNA) expression) and DNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension and ligation (DASL)/Illumina microarrays (HT12 v4) (mRNA expression) with protocols optimized for FFPE samples. Integrative computational analysis was performed using a novel Tree-guided Recursive Cluster Selection (T-ReCS) [1] algorithm to select the most informative features/genes, followed by TargetScan miRNA target prediction ( @entity1 v6.2) and mirConnX [2] for network inference. RESULTS: T-ReCS identified @entity17875 as negatively associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and miR-659-3p as the primary miRNA associated positively with PFS. miR-659-3p was differentially expressed based on PFS but not based on treatment arm, @entity817 or @entity8497 status. Dichotomized by median PFS (less vs greater than 4 months), miR-659-3p expression was significantly different. High miR-659-3p expression distinguished @entity1 with @entity66 (complete or partial response) from @entity1 with stable disease. miR-659-3p predicted gene targets include @entity21051 , which is a transcription factor known to interact with @entity1178 and AP-1 in the context of developmental processes and disease. CONCLUSIONS: This novel integrative analysis implicates miR-659-3p as a candidate predictive biomarker for @entity320 @entity1 treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy and may serve to improve @entity1 selection.

title: MicroRNA expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of @entity3003 / @entity1311 -based therapy in XXXX treated on the ECOG-ACRIN trial E2603.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['responsive disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: No clinically effective chemoprevention for @entity2 has been found. Angiogenesis is an early feature of both @entity420 and @entity1544 . We investigated the effects of @entity11132 ( @entity11132 ) inhibition on lung carcinogenesis in a @entity19 model of @entity420 . The @entity11132 @entity4149 kinase inhibitor, @entity4733 , was given to FVB/ @entity19 in chow for 7 days at varying doses to show pharmacologic activity by inhibition of @entity1611 -mediated VEFGR-2 and ERK phosphorylation. Plasma levels corroborated adequate dosage. For chemoprevention experiments, @entity19 were injected i.p. with 1 mg/g of @entity4774 , a carcinogen found in @entity286 smoke. Chow containing @entity4733 , 75 mg/kg/d, or control chow was given to @entity19 , starting 7 days after @entity4774 administration. Sixteen weeks after @entity4774 injection, @entity19 were sacrificed, @entity5 enumerated and measured. @entity4733 resulted in reductions in @entity5 multiplicity (6.5 +/- 0.86 versus 1.0 +/- 0.30, P = 0.001) and average @entity5 volume (0.85 +/- 0.10 versus 0.15 +/- 0.09 mm(3), P = 0.001), but not incidence (71% versus 100%, P = ns), compared with control. As @entity4733 has other activities besides @entity11132 @entity4149 kinase inhibition, we gave the anti- @entity11132 monoclonal antibody, DC101, for weeks 11 to 15 of a @entity4774 carcinogenesis protocol with an arrest in @entity5 volume increase, but no change in multiplicity or incidence. Further investigation of the chemopreventive effect of @entity4733 and other @entity1611 signaling inhibitors is needed.

title: @entity11132 -targeted chemoprevention of XXXX @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity11132 :: ('16542(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2', 'VEGFR-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib', 'Vandetanib']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The 105 @entity1 admitted to our Burn Institute from 1st January 1996 to 31st December 2007, with @entity2708 fire-related burns were studied retrospectively. The mean age was 30.2+/-12.6 years with a range of 1-58. One hundred and three @entity1 (98.1%) were @entity1 and 2 (1.9%) @entity1 . The mean total burn surface area (TBSA) was 46.5%, mostly deep burns. The most common areas of burn were the head, neck and upper limb. Summer months July, August, June and September were times of highest incidence. Fifty-seven (54.3%) @entity1 had @entity130 , 42 received tracheotomy, and 38 received mechanical ventilation. The treatment was complex, difficult, long, and costly. The interval between burn and start of resuscitation ranged from 2.1 to 67 h with a mean of (5.9+/-4.4)h. Forty-two @entity1 (40%) started intravenous fluid resuscitation 6h after burn. Twenty-four @entity1 (23%) received insufficient fluid resuscitation developed @entity551 and severe @entity1457 at admission. Ninety-two (87.6%) @entity1 required operations including tracheotomy, debridement and grafting, per @entity1 was 5.2. The mean length of hospital stay was 44.2 days. @entity3126 was the most common complication during the early post-burn period (within 7 days), and @entity295 during the later period (>7 days). Nine @entity1 died of @entity881 or @entity295 , giving a mortality rate of 8.57%. CONCLUSION: Caution and preventive measures are needed for @entity1 in ships for fire-related burns.

title: @entity130 caused by XXXX fire: a 12-year study in Shanghai.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhalation injury']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Gene) :: ['ship']


abstract: Cases of @entity432 with @entity4786 have rarely been reported. We report here, the case of a 57-year-old @entity1 who twice had sudden onset of @entity932 . She had a family history of @entity4786 . Her elder daughter and her niece had a diagnosis of @entity4786 and examination showed caf   au lait spots and @entity3292 over the body, accompanied with @entity1635 . CT scans revealed @entity548 at the first onset of @entity1779 and secondly showed a high-density mass at the left basal ganglia. SPECT(99mTC-HMPAO) showed decreased activity in the left frontal and temporal lobe. Angiogram revealed @entity432 of the cerebral arteries, including occlusions of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery and the right middle cerebral artery at the proximal portion and stenosis of the left posterior artery at the proximal portion. @entity455 (so called Moyamoya phenomenon) at the base of the brain were also seen bilaterally. Seizinger and others have found a genetic locus of this disease in the use of genetic engineering, and Riccardi showed that mast cell is related to the tumorous growth of @entity3292 and suggested a possibility of medical treatment for growing @entity3292 by stabilizing mast cell function with @entity6850 . We anticipate the treatment for this disease will be established in recent years.

title: [A case of @entity4786 with occlusion of multiple cerebral artery, moyamoya phenomenon and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal vascular networks']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subependymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular occlusive lesion', 'multiple occlusive lesions']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6850 :: ('MESH:D007665', 'Chemical') :: ['ketotifen']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: Background It is important to have current reliable estimates of the prevalence, correlates and consequences of @entity458 among a representative sample of Australian adults and to identify changes over time in prevalence and consequences. METHODS: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 20094 Australian @entity1 and @entity1 aged 16-69 years. The participation rate among eligible @entity1 was 66.2%. RESULTS: Sexual coercion (i.e. being forced or frightened into sexual activity) was reported by 4.2% of @entity1 and 22.4% of @entity1 . Sexual coercion when aged  <=16 years was reported by 2.0% of @entity1 and 11.5% of @entity1 . Correlates of @entity458 were similar for @entity1 and @entity1 . Those who had been coerced reported greater psychosocial distress, were more likely to smoke, were more anxious about sex and more likely to have acquired a sexually transmissible @entity281 . Few @entity1 had talked to others about their experiences of @entity458 and fewer had talked to a professional. There were no significant differences between the First and Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships in whether @entity1 or @entity1 had experienced coercion, talked to anyone about this or talked to a counsellor or psychologist. CONCLUSION: Sexual coercion has detrimental effects on various aspects of @entity1 's lives. It usually occurs at the ages at which @entity1 become sexually active. There is a need to reduce the incidence of @entity458 , better identify experiences of @entity458 , and provide accessible services to minimise the detrimental effects of @entity458 .

title: Experiences of XXXX in a representative sample of adults: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual coercion']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual coercion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between @entity425 and @entity174 is not well understood. This study sought to examine the contribution of @entity121 at baseline and change in @entity121 to the observed risk of @entity174 in older @entity1 . The study involved 595 @entity1 and 1066 @entity1 aged 60+ years (median 69 years) who had been followed for a median of 11 years (range, 4 to 22 years). Quadriceps isometric @entity121 ( @entity121 ) measured at baseline and biennially was adjusted for height. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured by DXA. @entity174 was ascertained from X-ray reports and interview. The relationship between baseline @entity121 and serial @entity121 and @entity174 assessed by time-invariant and time-variant Cox's regression models was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During the follow-up period, 282 (26%) @entity1 and 89 (15%) @entity1 sustained a @entity174 . From age 60 years, @entity1 lost 0.28   kg/m (1.6%) of @entity121 per year, whereas @entity1 lost 0.39   kg/m (1.5%) of @entity121 per year. In the time-variant model, using serial @entity121 , each 1 @entity168 (4.7   kg/m) lower @entity121 was associated with a 27% increase in the risk of @entity174 in @entity1 (HR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.43); and 46% increase in @entity1 (HR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.75). After adjusting for @entity79 , age and prior @entity174 , history of fall and smoking, HR per @entity168 of lower @entity121 was 1.13 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.28) for @entity1 and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.64) for @entity1 . These data indicate that @entity425 is an independent determinant of @entity174 risk in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 . This sex difference suggests that apart from mechanical load effect of muscle on bone, there are other muscle-bone interactions that need to be investigated in future studies. The accuracy of @entity174 risk prediction for @entity1 may be improved by incorporating @entity121 .    2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

title: XXXX to @entity174 : A Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Low-trauma fracture', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral neck bone mineral density', 'FNBMD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'muscle strength']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['Contribution of Quadriceps Weakness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although plasma total @entity1255 has been identified as an independent risk factor for @entity455 in a multitude of studies, there is a considerable overlap in values between @entity1 at risk and control subjects. The difference in values can be used to distinguish statistically between the 2 groups, provided each group is large enough; however, discriminating between individual @entity1 at risk and control subjects is difficult. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the precursor of @entity1255 , @entity13710 , is a more sensitive indicator of risk. DESIGN: We measured plasma total @entity1255 , @entity13710 , @entity7726 , @entity1011 , @entity1501 , and @entity2186 in 30 @entity1 with proven @entity65 and 29 age- and sex-matched control subjects. RESULTS: The @entity1255 values (+/-SD) were 12.8 +/- 4.9 (95% CI: 11.0, 14.7) micromol/L for @entity1 and 11.0 +/- 3.2 (9.8, 12.2) micromol/L for control subjects. The @entity13710 values were 40.0 +/- 20.6 (32.3, 47.7) nmol/L for @entity1 and 27.0 +/- 6.7 (24.5, 30.0) nmol/L for control subjects (P = 0.0021). The @entity7726 values were 121.8 +/- 42.9 (105.8, 137.8) nmol/L for @entity1 and 103.9 +/- 21.8 (95.6, 112.2) nmol/L for control subjects (P = 0.0493). The @entity1011 values were 110 +/- 27 (97, 120) micromol/L for @entity1 and 97 +/- 9 (80, 100) micromol/L for control subjects (P = 0.0025). Values for @entity1501 and @entity2186 did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma @entity13710 appears to be a much more sensitive indicator of the difference between @entity1 with @entity65 and control subjects than is @entity1255 . Both plasma total @entity1255 and @entity13710 are significantly correlated with plasma @entity1011 in @entity1 .

title: Plasma @entity13710 is a more sensitive indicator of XXXX than plasma @entity1255 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity13710 :: ('MESH:D012435', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylhomocysteine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interactions between cell adhesion molecules and their ligands are an integral part of inflammatory processes and may have direct relevance to the pathology of @entity565 . METHODS: Immunostaining with antibodies to cell adhesion molecules was performed on bronchial biopsy specimens from @entity1 with @entity565 , normal nonasthmatic control subjects, and @entity1 with @entity565 after allergen challenge. RESULTS: There was constitutive expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity4105 and @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) in @entity1 with @entity565 and in control subjects. Compared with control subjects, @entity2071 and @entity4105 staining in the submucosa was greater in the intrinsic asthmatic group for intensity (p < 0.02, p < 0.05) and extent (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) of staining, respectively. No differences were observed between @entity1 with extrinsic @entity565 and normal control subjects, and @entity4725 expression did not differ among the groups. Epithelial expression of @entity2071 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity565 compared with normal control subjects (p < 0.05). Compared with diluent challenge, bronchial biopsy specimens obtained 24 hours after allergen challenge revealed no significant differences in intensity or extent of staining for @entity2071 , @entity4105 , or @entity4725 . After allergen challenge, the intensity and extent of both @entity4725 and @entity2071 expression correlated significantly with the number of eosinophils (cells positive for major basic protein). Epithelial @entity2071 expression was more frequently observed after allergen challenge than after diluent challenge (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest a complex pattern of regulation for @entity2071 , @entity4105 , and @entity4725 in vivo, where they may reflect the degree of ongoing @entity32 in @entity565 .

title: Expression of endothelial and leukocyte adhesion molecules interacellular adhesion molecule-1, XXXX , and @entity4725 in the bronchial mucosa in steady-state and allergen-induced @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic and extrinsic asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity4105 :: (6401,Gene) :: ['E-selectin']


abstract: @entity409 and the loss of synapses are early pathological features of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Synapses are sites of high energy demand and extensive @entity460 fluctuations; accordingly, synaptic transmission requires high levels of @entity855 and constant @entity460 fluctuation. Thus, synaptic mitochondria are vital for maintenance of synaptic function and transmission through normal mitochondrial energy metabolism, distribution and trafficking, and through synaptic @entity460 modulation. To date, there has been no extensive analysis of alterations in synaptic mitochondria associated with amyloid pathology in an amyloid b (Ab)-rich milieu. Here, we identified differences in mitochondrial properties and function of synaptic vs. nonsynaptic mitochondrial populations in the transgenic @entity19 brain, which overexpresses the @entity1 mutant form of amyloid precursor protein and Ab. Compared with nonsynaptic mitochondria, synaptic mitochondria showed a greater degree of age-dependent accumulation of Ab and mitochondrial alterations. The synaptic mitochondrial pool of Ab was detected at an age as young as 4 mo, well before the onset of nonsynaptic mitochondrial and extensive extracellular Ab accumulation. Ab-insulted synaptic mitochondria revealed @entity51 in mitochondrial function, as shown by increased mitochondrial permeability transition, decline in both respiratory function and activity of cytochrome c oxidase, and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. Furthermore, a low concentration of Ab (200 nM) significantly interfered with mitochondrial distribution and trafficking in axons. These results demonstrate that synaptic mitochondria, especially Ab-rich synaptic mitochondria, are more susceptible to Ab-induced damage, highlighting the central importance of synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction relevant to the development of @entity528 in @entity195 .

title: Early deficits in synaptic mitochondria in an XXXX @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Synaptic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['early deficits']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic degeneration']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Three @entity1138 ( @entity1139 )-hypersensitive mutants (CL-V1B, CL-V5B, and CL-V101B) were isolated from @entity3569 V79B cells by the replica plating technique. In comparison to the parental cell line, CL-V1B, CL-V5B, and CL-V101B show about a 22-, 32-, and 13-fold increased sensitivity to @entity1139 , respectively (judged by the D10). These mutants are also sensitive to other DNA cross-linking agents, such as @entity19644 (9-, 19-, and 12-fold, respectively) and @entity900 (17-, 12-, and 6-fold, respectively). CL-V5B and CL-V101B display an exclusive sensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, whereas CL-V1B also shows an increased sensitivity to monofunctional alkylating agents, such as @entity10842 (3-fold) and @entity6321 (2-fold), and UV254mm (2-fold). Approximately 2-3-fold higher levels of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations are found in these three mutants in comparison to wild-type V79B cells. At a @entity1139 survival level of 80%, CL-V5B demonstrates a 16-fold higher level of @entity1139 -induced chromosomal damage than V79B. Despite phenotypical heterogeneity within this group of mutants, hybrid clones derived after fusion remained @entity1139 sensitive, indicating that these mutants belong to the same complementation group. To determine whether the mutants represent a new complementation group among other @entity3569 cell mutants that also display @entity56 to @entity1139 , CL-V1B cells were fused with mutants representing different complementation groups i.e., @entity19645 , irs3, irs1SF, UV20, UV41, V-H4, and V-C8 cells. In all cases, the derived hybrids regained @entity1139 sensitivity similar to wild-type cells, indicating that the CL-V1B mutant represents a new complementation group. The phenotype of CL-V1B, CL-V5B, and CL-V101B cells closely resembles the phenotype of @entity11807 cells, suggesting that these hamster mutants could be defective in a gene that is involved in this disorder.

title: A new complementation group of @entity1138 -hypersensitive XXXX cell mutants that closely resembles the phenotype of @entity11807 cells.

entities_list: @entity6321 :: ('MESH:D005020', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity10842 :: ('MESH:D008741', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity8782 ( @entity8782 ) is caused by genetic defect in lymphocyte apoptosis. Chronic @entity3329 and @entity381 are the consequence of lymphoproliferation. The diagnosis is based on the assessment of the defective lymphocyte apoptosis and the identification of lymphocyte T subset that are double negative ( @entity404 - @entity405 -). The susceptibility to @entity706 and @entity792 , mainly blood cytopenias is increased. METHODS: We studied a 14 year-old @entity1 with chronic @entity381 and familial history of @entity381 and @entity3329 . T lymphocyte phenotypes, and molecular defect of @entity1197 gene were studied in the @entity1 , his sister and his father. Lymphocyte apoptosis was also analysed in the @entity1 and his father. RESULTS: The @entity1 and his father showed in vitro apoptosis defects, an increased number of double negative T lymphocytes (18% and 5%, respectively) and the same mutation in the @entity1197 gene. His sister had 16% of double negative T lymphocytes and the mutation in the @entity1197 gene. COMMENTS: Chronic familial @entity381 can be the only clinical sign of @entity8782 .

title: [Familial @entity381 as a first clinical sign of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8782 :: ('MESH:D056735', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome', 'ALPS']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity8782 :: (MESH:D056735,Disease) :: ['autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of early/emergency shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in symptomatic @entity1607 has still not been established. We have performed a randomized comparison between early (<48 hours) vs delayed (>48 hours) SWL for symptomatic upper ureteral stones less than 1 cm to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of early SWL in these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty consecutive @entity1 with a single radiopaque upper @entity1901 <1 cm, who presented with an episode of @entity158 and who were undergoing treatment between July 2008 and June 2009 in our department were included. The @entity1 were hospitalized and randomized into two groups-group A: SWL was performed within 48 hours of onset of @entity158 (early SWL) using the electromagnetic lithotripter (Dornier Alpha Compact) along with analgesics and hydration therapy; group B: SWL was performed after 48 hours (delayed SWL) along with analgesics and hydration therapy. The statistical analysis was performed in two groups regarding the @entity1 demographic profile, presence of @entity3041 , time to stone clearance, success rates, number of sessions needed, auxiliary procedures, modified efficiency quotient (EQ), and complications. RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 were enrolled in each group. The mean stone size was 7.3 mm in group A vs 7.5 mm in group B (P = 0.52). The stone fragmentation rate was 88.75% in group A vs 91.2% in group B (P = 0.35). The overall 3-month stone-free rate was 86.3% (69/80) for group A vs 76.2% (61/80) for group B (P = 0.34). The mean time taken for stone clearance was significantly less in group A than in group B (10.2 days vs 21.1 days; P = 0.01). The number of sessions needed in group A were significantly less than in group B (1.3 vs 2.7; P = 0.01). The auxiliary procedure rate was also significantly lesser in group A than group B (16.3% vs 32.5%; P = 0.001). The modified EQ (in %) was 67.2 in group A vs 59.4 in group B (P = 0.21). The steinstrasse formation and requirement for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) were significantly less in group A (P:0.02 and P:0.01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Early SWL (within 48 hours of onset of @entity158 ) is feasible, safe, and highly efficacious in the management of symptomatic proximal ureteral stones <1 cm, resulting in a lesser requirement of number of SWL sessions, time taken for stone clearance, auxiliary procedure rate, and fewer complications in comparison with delayed SWL.

title: A prospective randomized comparison between early (<48 hours of onset of @entity158 ) versus delayed shockwave lithotripsy for symptomatic XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stone']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['colicky pain']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['upper ureteral calculi']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['upper ureteral calculi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 @entity1 commonly suffer from @entity146 , such as @entity308 , that negatively influence @entity64 outcome. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post- @entity64 @entity146 including @entity308 are under debate. OBJECTIVE: To study the course of @entity308 after @entity64 . METHODS: One hundred and ninety first-ever @entity64 @entity1 were screened for @entity308 symptoms at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after @entity64 . Diagnosis of @entity308 was made according to the DSM-IV criteria of major and minor @entity308 . RESULTS: Follow-up was completed in 138 @entity1 . The cumulative incidence of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) in 1 year was 36.2%. One month after @entity64 the prevalence of @entity64 was 18.8%. Thirty percent of @entity1 who were @entity308 in the first three months did not reach cut-off levels on @entity308 screening instruments at the following assessments. In 44% of these @entity1 symptoms recurred. Recurrent cases were older than @entity1 with limited disease. In 40% of @entity64 @entity1 @entity308 persisted for at least two consecutive following follow-up visits. Persistent cases were more disabled and suffered more often from @entity308 . CONCLUSION: Half of @entity64 @entity1 become @entity308 within the first month after @entity64 . Although most @entity1 recover, a clinician has to be aware that symptoms can recur especially in older @entity1 and that in @entity1 with @entity308 symptoms may be persistent. In these @entity1 treatment should be considered, whereas in @entity1 with limited disease an observational approach may suffice.

title: A one-year follow-up study into the course of @entity308 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['post-stroke depression', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'PSD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood @entity413 testing (BGT) at the forearm minimizes the @entity158 experienced during sampling of capillary blood. We compared the BGT results for forearm sampling with those for standard finger @entity272 and venous serum to evaluate the clinical validity of forearm BGT. METHODS: BGT was performed on the finger (G(F)) and forearm (G(A)) with a portable glucometer in 555 subjects, including 61 @entity6 @entity1 , under fasting conditions. BGT with venous serum (G(V)) was followed within an hour in 514 subjects. Simple linear regression, intraclass correlation, and Passing-Bablok regression analyses were performed using the G(A)-G(F) and G(A)-G(V) data. RESULTS: G(A) showed an excellent linear relationship with both G(F) and G(V) with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.97 (P<0.0001) in the @entity1 group, which was similar to the findings in the normal group except for the lower r values. The mean bias between G(A) and G(F) and between G(A) and G(V) were within +/- 10 mg/dL in both groups. The intraclass correlation coefficients were slightly smaller than the corresponding r values, but they showed the same tendency in both groups. In the Passing-Bablok analyses, the 95% confidence intervals of the slope and intercept parameters were <+/-20% of unity and <+/-20 mg/dL, respectively, which were within the acceptable ranges. @entity5953 statistical analyses supported the satisfactory agreement of G(A) with G(F) or G(V). CONCLUSIONS: BGT at the forearm was highly consistent with the standard BGT, thereby confirming its applicability in clinical practice for self-testing under steady fasting conditions.

title: Comparison of blood XXXX measurements using samples obtained from the forearm, finger @entity272 , and venous serum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin puncture']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) is one of the most lethal @entity1 @entity5 with a median survival of 6 months. The inhibition of @entity12841 ( @entity12841 ) alone, or with @entity11132 ( @entity11132 ), represents an attractive approach for treatment of @entity2867 . Several reports have examined agents that target these receptors. However, with the misidentification of as many as 60% of all commonly used @entity2867 cell lines, the significance of these past findings is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cell lines authenticated by short tandem repeat profiling were selected to establish xenograft @entity5 in an orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity2867 . These @entity19 were then treated with @entity4733 to evaluate its effects on @entity2867 @entity5 growth. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI was utilized to measure the impact of @entity4733 on @entity5 vasculature. RESULTS: @entity4733 inhibited @entity5 growth of the @entity2867 cell lines Hth83 and 8505C in vivo by 69.3% (P < 0.001) and 66.6% (P < 0.05), respectively, when compared with control. Significant decreases in vascular permeability (P < 0.01) and vascular volume fraction (P < 0.05) were detected by DCE-MRI in the orthotopic xenograft @entity5 after 1 week of treatment with @entity4733 as compared with control. CONCLUSION: The inhibition of @entity12841 and @entity11132 by @entity4733 and its tremendous in vivo antitumor activity against @entity2867 make it an attractive candidate for further preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of this particularly virulent @entity5 , which remains effectively untreatable. @entity4733 disrupts angiogenesis and DCE-MRI is an effective method to quantify changes in vascular function in vivo.

title: Targeted therapy of XXXX and @entity12841 significantly inhibits growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer in an orthotopic @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib', 'Vandetanib']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity11132 :: (16542(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VEGFR2']


abstract: Natural @entity1199 is a lymphokine with an immunoregulatory function. The recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) is cloned from a @entity1 lymphoblastoid T-cell line for this trial. The gene is expressed in @entity526 , allowing production of large quantities of @entity5041 . This study is an open label phase I-II trial designed to evaluate the @entity137 and efficacy of a @entity5041 in disseminated @entity1358 . After surgical resection of the @entity5 , 3 X 10(6) units/m2 day @entity5041 is administered by 2-hr IV infusions daily for 5 days every other week for a total of eight cycles. At the conclusion of eight cycles of therapy, the @entity1 were re-evaluated for response. @entity1 with complete and partial responses were eligible to receive an additional eight cycles every other week. @entity1 demonstrating @entity74 during this study were withdrawn. The @entity137 of the high-dose @entity5041 included transient @entity551 , @entity221 , malaise, and @entity1910 . The transient @entity551 responded to fluid replacement, and the other @entity137 also responded to symptomatic treatment. The early results in ten @entity1 indicate two partial and one complete response. We have concluded that administration of high-dose @entity1199 has acceptable @entity137 with encouraging response and deserves a phase III study.

title: A phase I-II study of high-dose recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 in disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal-cell carcinoma']


abstract: To investigate mechanisms of cartilage destruction that may apply to @entity309 , young and old @entity1 , and young porcine, articular cartilage was cultured for 8 days and the effects on @entity6142 ( @entity6142 ) metabolism of normal synovium supernatant (NSS), rheumatoid synovial fluid (RFL), and blood mononuclear cell supernatant (MCF) were studied. The effects were chondrocyte-mediated. An inverse correlation was found between baseline net @entity6142 synthesis and the effect of NSS on @entity6142 synthesis. Responses of young (porcine and @entity1 ) cartilage were similar. In young cartilage the three agents induced @entity6142 depletion by suppression of net @entity6142 synthesis. In old cartilage NSS and RFL induced @entity6142 depletion, whereas MCF did not. In cartilage of low baseline net @entity6142 synthesis, NSS and MCF stimulated both @entity6142 release and @entity6142 synthesis; NSS stimulated predominantly @entity6142 release, and MCF predominantly @entity6142 synthesis. In conclusion, young and old @entity1 cartilage differ in the quality of their in vitro response to potentially catabolic factors. This may be due to the difference in baseline net @entity6142 synthesis. Synovial extracts differ from mononuclear-cell supernatants in their effects on old cartilage. It is suggested that this is caused by the presence, in different relative amounts, of factors that influence either @entity6142 synthesis or @entity6142 release.

title: Differential responses of old XXXX cartilage explants to synovial- and mononuclear-cell factors.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6142 :: ('MESH:C536201', 'Disease') :: ['PG', 'proteoglycan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In 1997, the US FDA approved a new bulk toxin source (now referred to as current) for the manufacture of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). The current BTX-A preparation has a lower neurotoxin complex protein load than the original BTX-A preparation, which may reduce antigenic potential. The present double-masked, multicenter study compared the efficacy and safety of BTX-A ( @entity9381 ) produced from both original and current bulk toxin sources for the treatment of cervical @entity3519 . @entity1 (N = 133) were injected with BTX-A produced from original and current bulk toxin sources using a crossover design. Adverse events were assessed at each visit. Efficacy was assessed at 2 and 6 weeks post-injection using the severity and @entity158 subscales of the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Mean BTX-A doses were comparable (original: 155 U, current: 156 U). Both BTX-A preparations produced similar, statistically significant reductions in TWSTRS severity and @entity158 scores at weeks 2 and 6 post-injection. The original and current BTX-A preparations showed no significant differences in adverse events, including both treatment-related (34%, 31%) and treatment-unrelated (27%, 32%), respectively. BTX-A produced from the original and current bulk toxin sources showed comparable efficacy and safety in the treatment of cervical @entity3519 ; both significantly reduced @entity3519 severity and @entity158 .

title: A randomized, double-masked, crossover comparison of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A produced from the original bulk toxin source and current bulk toxin source for the treatment of cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-disability']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: @entity1824 ( @entity1824 ) are a group of rare @entity361 including @entity359 , @entity1824 , @entity3008 , and other @entity5 at various locations. We describe a 45-year-old female @entity1 presenting with a painless mass at the left lower abdomen. Computed tomography showed a circumscribed mass 8 x 7 x 8 cm in the left round ligament of the uterus. The provisional diagnosis was @entity2909 . The @entity1 underwent initial laparoscopic excision. The histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis was @entity5 . She subsequently underwent laparoscopic radical excision of the residual left round ligament and surrounding tissue. At 18 months after surgery, she remained well without clinical and radiographic evidence of recurrent disease. According to this report, primary @entity1824 of the round ligament can mimic @entity2909 . Laparoscopic radical excision might be a feasible and safe alternative treatment of this @entity5 with a favorable outcome.

title: Laparoscopic radical excision of primary round ligament perivascular epithelioid cell XXXX mimicking @entity2909 .

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['PEComas', 'PEComa', 'clear cell sugar tumor', 'Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'unusual clear cell tumors', 'malignant PEComa']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: While @entity663 has been intensely investigated in caregivers of @entity1 with serious somatic disorders, studies in caregivers of @entity1 with @entity1032 are lacking. Additionally, most studies are cross-sectional not allowing conclusions about long-term effects of personality factors. The present study examines the impact of personality factors on the course of subjective burden and psychological well-being by a mediational model in a sample of caregivers of first hospitalized @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity308 within a 2-year follow-up period. At baseline, 83 caregivers could be enrolled in the study, the drop-out rate was about 23% at 2-year follow-up. Personality factors were assessed by the German version of the NEO-FFI (Borstenau and Costa 1993) only at baseline. At each follow-up, subjective burden was assessed by the FBQ (M  ller-Leimk  hler acc. to Pai and Kapur (Brit J Psychiat 138:332-335, 1981)), and psychological well-being by the SCL-90 R (Derogatis in SCL-90-R, administration, scoring and procedures. Manual for the r(evised) version. John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 1977). Among the personality factors, @entity663 turned out to be the most relevant predictor of subjective burden and self-rated symptoms, showing direct as well as indirect effects. The direct effects on caregivers' mental health were mediated to a considerable amount by subjective burden. The mediational model was stable across time and even revealed increasing indirect effects of @entity663 . Caregivers' @entity663 as a dispositional trait plays a crucial role in the course of the stress process. As @entity663 is associated with perceptual distortion, the latter should be targeted by long-term family interventions in order to reduce subjective burden and enhance mental health of the caregivers.

title: Personality factors and mental health outcome in caregivers of first hospitalized @entity161 and XXXX @entity1 : 2-year follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity293 are a common problem encountered by primary care, emergency physicians and urologists. A complicated @entity293 (CUTI) responds less effectively to the standard treatment. @entity526 is the most common pathogen (40-70  %). In Mexico, there are @entity2177 resistance rates of 8-73  %, to @entity206 / @entity207 53-71  % and cephalosporins 5-18  %, with an ESBL @entity526 prevalence of 10  %. For infections producing gas or purulent material, the percutaneous or endoscopic drainage is the standard. OBJECTIVE: To describe the management of @entity1 with CUTIs, their specifically clinical course and eventual culture results determining the most common isolated microorganisms and their resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records of @entity1 hospitalized with CUTIs from January 2012 to July 2013 were reviewed. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-three @entity1 were included. Acute @entity2885 was the most common presentation (53.2  %). The most common microorganism was @entity526 (83  %), with ESBL prevalence of 71.4  % and a resistance to @entity1536 , @entity5898 and @entity206 of 89.7, 64.7 and 60.3  %, respectively. The most common factors associated with development of CUTIs were recent use of antibiotics (95.3  %) and obstructive @entity3551 (73.4  %). A total of 41  % received carbapenems and 40.5  % received minimally invasive treatments. Overall mortality was 2.9  %. DISCUSSION: There were a greater ESBL-producing pathogen prevalence and an over 50  % resistance to classically first-choice antibiotics. The minimally invasive treatments for complicated infections are fundamental; however, nephrectomy still has a role. CONCLUSIONS: Wide-spectrum antimicrobial therapy and minimally invasive approaches are the most common treatments for CUTIs in our center, and a reevaluation regarding antibiotic use in Mexico needs to be done.

title: Management of complicated XXXX in a referral center in Mexico.

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'Urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: Current imaging modalities can provide only a qualitative or semiquantitative measure of the severity of @entity337 . Ultrafast computed tomography (CT) has the capability of rapid imaging (17 frames/sec) coupled with high spatial resolution (1.5 mm2). Eight millimeter thick images can be acquired to interrogate simultaneously the right and left ventricles. End-diastolic and end-systolic tomograms can be reconstructed serially from apex to base by Simpson's rule to provide end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes from which the right and left @entity64 volumes can be derived. To determine whether the difference between left and right @entity64 volume measured with ultrafast CT could be used to estimate the volume of experimentally induced @entity337 , we studied six @entity235 in which proximal aortic electromagnetic flow probes had been implanted. Varying degrees of @entity337 were induced by manipulation of a basket catheter through the aortic valve. During suspended respiration in the control state in the absence of @entity337 , right and left @entity64 volumes measured with ultrafast CT were nearly identical (mean difference 1.0 +/- 1.2 ml [mean +/- SE]). In the presence of varying degrees of @entity337 , regurgitant volume derived by ultrafast CT as the difference between right and left @entity64 volumes correlated closely to the regurgitant volume measured by the electromagnetic flow probe (r = .99, slope = .92, y intercept = 0.98 ml, SEE = 1.02 ml, n = 16). Regurgitant fraction also correlated closely to the regurgitant fraction measured by the electromagnetic flow probe (r = .94, slope = .98, y intercept = 0.66%, SEE = 4.73%, n = 16).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quantitative determination of aortic regurgitant volumes in XXXX by ultrafast computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The foot is often the first area of the body to be systematically affected by @entity309 . The multidimensional consequences of foot problems for @entity1 can be subjectively evaluated using @entity1 -reported outcome measures (PROMs). However, there is currently no systematic review which has focused specifically upon the PROMs available for the foot with @entity309 . The aim of this systematic review was to appraise the foot-specific PROMs available for the assessment and/or evaluation of the foot affected with @entity309 . METHODS: A systematic search of databases was conducted according to pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. PROMs identified were reviewed in terms of: conceptual bases, quality of construction, measurement aims and evidence to support their measurement properties. RESULTS: A total of 11 PROMs were identified and 5 papers that provided evidence for the measurement properties of some of the PROMs. Only one of the PROMs was found to be RA disease-specific. The quality of construction, pretesting and presence of evidence for their measurement properties was found to be highly variable. Conceptual bases of many of the PROMs was either restricted or based on reductionist biomedical models. All of the PROMs were found to consist of fixed scales. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to develop an @entity309 and foot-specific PROM with a greater emphasis on a biopsychosocial conceptual basis, cognitive pre-testing methods, @entity1 preference-based qualities and evidence to support the full complement of measurement properties.

title: The rheumatoid foot: a systematic literature review of XXXX -reported outcome measures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA-disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate long-term outcomes of locally advanced @entity5 (LARC) @entity1 with postchemoradiotherapy (post-CRT) pathologic complete response of @entity5 (ypT0) and determine prognostic significance of post-CRT pathologic nodal (ypN) status. BACKGROUND: LARC @entity1 with post-CRT pathologic complete response were suggested to have favorable long-term outcomes, but prognostic significance of ypN status has never been specifically defined in ypT0 @entity1 . METHODS: The Korean Radiation Oncology Group collected clinical data for 333 LARC @entity1 with ypT0 following preoperative CRT and curative radical resections between 1993 and 2007. Sphincter preservation surgery and abdominoperineal resection were performed in 283 (85.0%) and 50 (15.0%) @entity1 , respectively. Postoperative chemotherapy was given to 285 (85.6%) @entity1 . Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used in multivariate analyses. RESULTS: After median follow-up of 43 (range = 14-172) months, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 84.6% and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 92.8%. The ypN status was ypT0N0 in 304 (91.3%), ypT0N1 in 22 (6.6%), and ypT0N2 in 7 (2.1%) @entity1 . The ypN status was the most relevant independent prognostic factor for both DFS and @entity1349 in ypT0 @entity1 . The 5-year DFS and @entity1349 was 88.5% and 94.8% in ypT0N0 @entity1 , and 45.2% and 72.8% in ypT0N+ @entity1 (both, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LARC @entity1 achieving ypT0N0 after preoperative CRT had favorable long-term outcomes, whereas positive ypN status had a poor prognosis even after total regression of @entity5 .

title: Pathologic complete response of @entity5 following preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : long-term outcomes and prognostic significance of pathologic nodal status (KROG 09-01).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Injection of low-viscosity resin was used to identify in situ functional blood vessels at the margins of developing regional @entity583 . The ventral interventricular branch (VIB) of the left coronary artery was occluded for 0-240 min in 20 isolated perfused @entity95 hearts. After perfusion fixation with @entity3584 , resin was injected into the coronary arteries--that injected into the VIB contained dispersed @entity15747 and that injected into the remainder of the heart contained Fat Red 7B dye. This allowed macroscopic and microscopic identification of functional blood vessels. Following transmural freeze @entity174 , left ventricles were examined using back-scattered electron imaging in a scanning electron microscope. Close to 60% of capillaries in nonischemic myocardium allowed the passage of resin. Thirty minutes of @entity63 produced a hyperemic increase to 80%-90% in the proportion of filled vessels. After 60 min, however, a severe reperfusion defect corresponding to the "no-reflow" phenomenon had developed, with virtually all vessels collapsed and less than 10% functional. Among the structurally normal myocytes adjacent to the @entity1188 margin there was a significant reduction (to 30%-40%) in the proportion of functional capillaries. This was due to groups of dilated vessels which were not accessible to arterial supply. Although these marginal "low-flow" regions were of small volume at any one point in time, they seem likely to contribute to the progression of @entity39 , and are probably nonfunctional due to the compression of their venous drainage traversing the @entity1188 .

title: Microvascular function at the margins of early experimental XXXX in isolated @entity95 hearts.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity15747 :: ('MESH:C047365', 'Chemical') :: ['lead dioxide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarcts']


abstract: Thermotolerance (TT) induced by @entity7249 (A-TT: 100 microM, 1 h, 37 degrees C) was compared to heat-induced thermotolerance (H-TT: 15 min, 44 degrees C) using HeLa S3 cells. All four pretreatments led to comparable levels of thermotolerance and also induced resistance to @entity4250 -, @entity1068 -, and @entity13131 -induced @entity137 (clonogenic ability). Stress-induced expression of the major @entity1457 proteins ( @entity2284 , @entity9487 ( @entity9486 ), @entity2285 ( @entity13132 ), and @entity4041 ) was generally highest in H-TT cells and lowest in A-TT cells. Interestingly, the four types of TT cells showed distinct differences in certain aspects of resistance against thermal protein damage. Thermal protein denaturation and aggregation determined in isolated cellular membrane fractions was found to be attenuated when they were isolated from H-TT and A-TT cells but not when isolated from E-TT and D-TT cells. The heat resistance in the proteins of the membrane fraction corresponded with elevated levels of @entity2285 ( @entity13132 ) associated with the isolated membrane fractions. In the nuclear fraction, only marginal (not significant) attenuation of the formation of protein aggregates (as determined by @entity13133 (in)solubility) was observed. However, the postheat recovery from heat-induced @entity6960 in the nucleus was faster in H-TT, E-TT, and D-TT cells, but not in A-TT cells. Despite the fact that elevated levels of @entity2284 , @entity2285 ( @entity9486 ), and @entity2285 ( @entity13132 ) were found in the @entity13133 insoluble nuclear fraction derived from all TT cells, no correlation was found with the degree of resistance in terms of the accelerated recovery from nuclear @entity6960 . The only correlation between accelerated recovery from nuclear protein aggregates was that with total cellular levels of @entity2284 . The data indicate that heat-induced @entity393 may be a multitarget rather than a single target event. A threshold of damage may exist in cells after exposure to heat; multiple sets of proteins in (different compartments of) the cell need to be damaged before this threshold is exceeded and the cell dies. As a consequence, stabilization of only one of these sets of proteins is already sufficient to render cells thermotolerant at the clonogenic level.

title: Thermal protein denaturation and XXXX in cells made thermotolerant by various chemicals: role of @entity1457 proteins.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of clonogenic ability']

entities_list: @entity7249 :: ('MESH:C017947', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium arsenite']

answer: @entity6960 :: (MESH:D001796,Disease) :: ['protein aggregation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16052 ( @entity16052 ) is an @entity74 with recurrent attacks of @entity390 and @entity391 . The exact cause of the disorder is still unclear. It was first described in @entity1 but may affect @entity1 of any age. The syndrome is frequently misdiagnosed, and @entity1 receive redundant investigations and treatments. @entity1 are referred finally to a neurologist because of the differential diagnosis of @entity2704 or @entity1625 . CASE REPORT: We present a 18-year-old @entity1 with @entity1209 attacks who was diagnosed as @entity16052 . The attacks regressed with combination treatment with @entity3659 and @entity23191 . CONCLUSION: @entity16052 has no specific diagnostic test and the diagnosis is based on history, clinical presentation and exclusion of other possible causes with similar presentation. The syndrome has a strong association with @entity2704 ; treatment options may also overlap. Treatment is still based on case series and reports. Here, we aim to present the clinical features as well as treatment response of a @entity1 with @entity16052 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX and @entity3659 in the prophylaxis of @entity16052 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity23191 :: ('MESH:C052753', 'Chemical') :: ['nebivolol']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'abdominal migraine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['episodic disorder']

entities_list: @entity16052 :: ('MESH:C536228', 'Disease') :: ['Cyclic vomiting syndrome', 'CVS']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['episodic nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity23191 :: (MESH:C052753,Chemical) :: ['nebivolol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of postoperative irradiation for @entity5 recurrence and in the prevention of distant @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity3484 treated by radical surgery. METHODS: 51 @entity5 of the upper urinary tract, most of which had been treated by radical surgery (nephroureterectomy with resection of bladder cuff were analyzed. Since 1989 an adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy protocol (55 Gy) has been included for high grade and @entity5 . @entity5 staging was done according to the Jewett-Marshall classification and the Mostoffi cytological grading. RESULTS: Of the total number of cases analyzed, 16 received postoperative irradiation; of these, 5 (31%) showed recurrence. The recurrence rate was 47% for those treated by radical surgery alone. In @entity1 with stage C @entity5 , 5 out of 12 cases (41.6%) showed recurrence. The recurrence rate was higher (83%) for @entity1 with stage C @entity5 treated by radical surgery alone. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy is advocated for high grade and stage @entity3484 . This therapeutic approach has been found to reduce the number of recurrences and, consequently, morbidity. Although the overall survival rate did not increase, a larger series may show more consistent results in this regard.

title: [Efficacy of radiotherapy for XXXX following radical surgery].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage tumors', 'Tumor', 'locoregional tumor', 'urothelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract tumor', 'upper urinary tract tumors']

answer: @entity3484 :: (MESH:D014571,Disease) :: ['upper urinary tract tumor']


abstract: Neuromuscular recovery after @entity1897 depends on the regeneration of severed axons that re-establish their functional connection with the denervated muscle. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on the neuromuscular recovery after nerve @entity130 in @entity35 . Electrical stimulation was carried out on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle after sciatic nerve @entity130 in a @entity35 model. Six ES sessions were administered every other day starting from day 3 postinjury until the end of the experiment (day 14). The sciatic functional index was calculated. Muscle excitability, @entity12890 ( @entity12890 ) expression, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) were accessed from TA muscle. Regenerated sciatic nerves were analyzed by light and confocal microscopy. Both treated (crush+ES) and untreated (crush) groups had their muscle weight and CSA decreased compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). Electrical stimulation accentuated muscle fiber @entity194 more in the crush+ES than in the crush group (P < 0.05). @entity12890 expression increased in both crush and crush+ES groups compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). Regenerated nerves revealed no difference between the crush and crush+ES groups. Nevertheless, functional recovery at day 14 @entity130 was significantly lower in crush+ES group compared with the crush group. In addition, the crush+ES group had chronaxie values significantly higher on days 7 and 13 compared with the crush group, which indicates a decrease in muscle excitability in the crush+ES animals. The results of this study do not support a benefit of the tested protocol of ES during the period of motor nerve recovery following injury.

title: Electrical stimulation impairs early functional recovery and accentuates skeletal muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve @entity130 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve lesion']

entities_list: @entity12890 :: ('24586(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['N-CAM', 'neural cell adhesion molecule']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury', 'crush injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1 @entity14435 ( @entity14435 ) and @entity14436 ( @entity14436 ) and their @entity19 homologs, Endo B and @entity14436 , respectively, are expressed in adult @entity19 primarily in a variety of simple epithelial cell types in which they are normally found in equal amounts within the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Expression of @entity14435 alone in @entity19 L cells or NIH 3T3 fibroblasts from either the gene or a cDNA expression vector results in @entity14435 protein which is degraded relatively rapidly without the formation of filaments. A @entity14436 cDNA containing all coding sequences was isolated and expressed in @entity19 fibroblasts either singly or in combination with @entity14435 . Immunoprecipitation of stably transfected L cells revealed that when @entity14436 was expressed alone, it was degraded in a fashion similar to that seen previously for @entity14435 . However, expression of @entity14436 in fibroblasts that also expressed @entity14435 resulted in stabilization of both @entity14435 and @entity14436 . Immunofluorescent staining revealed typical keratin filament organization in such cells. Thus, expression of a type I and a type II keratin was found to be both necessary and sufficient for formation of keratin filaments within fibroblasts. To determine whether a similar proteolytic system responsible for the degradation of @entity14435 in fibroblasts also exists in simple epithelial cells which normally express a type I and a type II keratin, a mutant, truncated @entity14435 protein missing the @entity1473 -terminal tail domain and a conserved region of the central, alpha-helical rod domain was expressed in @entity19 parietal endodermal cells. This resulted in destabilization of endogenous @entity14436 and Endo B and inhibition of the formation of typical keratin filament structures. Therefore, cells that normally express keratins contain a proteolytic system similar to that found in experimentally manipulated fibroblasts which degrades keratin proteins not found in their normal polymerized state.

title: Posttranslational regulation of keratins: degradation of XXXX and @entity1 keratins 18 and 8.

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We describe a @entity1 with @entity2012 and @entity1373 secondary to a @entity7704 -secreting @entity1820 . This case report illustrates the importance of including this rare clinical syndrome in the differential diagnosis of @entity2012 for @entity1 with suspected or known @entity5 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old, Asian-American, male @entity1 with a 2-year history of a nonresectable, metastatic, intestinal @entity5 presented with complaints of @entity10 , @entity4841 , sweats, and changing features. The examination revealed a young subject with acromegalic features, without @entity227 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a diffuse sellar mass that extended suprasellarly to compress the optic chiasm. Endocrinological studies demonstrated a growth hormone level of more than 100 ng/ml and an inappropriately elevated @entity7704 level. INTERVENTION: The @entity1 underwent transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary mass for diagnostic and decompressive purposes. The pathological examination revealed @entity1373 , without evidence of an @entity652 . Therapy with long-acting repeatable octreotide (Sandostatin LAR; Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland) was initiated postoperatively, to further control the @entity2012 and @entity5 . The soft-tissue swelling resolved, and the @entity1 remained free of @entity10 , @entity4841 , and sweats at the 6-month follow-up examination. CONCLUSION: Ectopic @entity2012 is a rare syndrome that must be recognized by neurosurgeons because its treatment differs from that of classic pituitary @entity2012 . We describe a @entity1 for whom this syndrome was documented with magnetic resonance imaging, endocrinological testing, and pathological examinations.

title: XXXX caused by a @entity7704 -secreting @entity5 : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficits']

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumors', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['Acromegaly']