abstract: BACKGROUND: Constipation is a common side effect of antimuscarinic treatment for @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ). This review evaluates the incidence and impact of @entity1142 on the lives of @entity1 with @entity2182 being treated with @entity15247 . METHODS: Constipation data from published Phase III and Phase IIIb/IV @entity15247 studies were reviewed and analyzed. Over 4000 @entity1 with @entity2182 (aged 18-89 years; >= 80% female) enrolled in nine studies (three Phase III [data from these fixed-dose studies were pooled and provide the primary focus for this review], three Phase IIIb, and three Phase IV). The impact of @entity1142 was assessed by discontinuations, use of concomitant laxatives, @entity1 -reported perception of treatment, and a bowel habit questionnaire. RESULTS: In the pooled Phase III trials, 14.8% (50/337) of @entity1 on @entity15247 7.5 mg/day and 21.3% (71/334) on 15 mg/day experienced @entity1142 compared with 12.6% (28/223) and 6.2% (24/388) with @entity2181 and placebo, respectively. In addition, a few @entity1 discontinued treatment due to @entity1142 (0.6% [2/337], 1.2% [4/334], 1.8% [4/223], and 0.3% [1/388] in the @entity15247 7.5 mg/day or 15 mg/day, @entity2181 , and placebo groups, respectively), or required concomitant laxatives (3.3% [11/337], 6.6% [22/334], 7.2% [16/223], and 1.5% [6/388] in the @entity15247 7.5 mg/day or 15 mg/day, @entity2181 , and placebo groups, respectively). @entity1 -reported perception of treatment quality was observed to be similar between @entity1 who experienced @entity1142 and those who did not. During the long-term extension study, a bowel habit questionnaire showed only small numerical changes over time in frequency of bowel movements, straining to empty bowels, or number of days with hard stools. CONCLUSION: While @entity1142 associated with @entity15247 was reported in  <=21% of the @entity1 population, it only led to concomitant laxative use in approximately one-third of these @entity1 and a low incidence of treatment discontinuation. These data suggest that @entity1142 did not impact @entity1 perception of treatment quality.

title: A review and additional post-hoc analyses of the incidence and impact of @entity1142 observed in XXXX clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity15247 :: ('MESH:C101207', 'Chemical') :: ['darifenacin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity15247 :: (MESH:C101207,Chemical) :: ['darifenacin']


abstract: The effects of root application of @entity16044 (BL) on the growth and development of @entity958 plants ( @entity958 ecotype Columbia [L.] Heynh) were evaluated. Initially, all leaves were evaluated on plants 18, 22, 26 and 29 days old. The younger leaves were found to exhibit maximal petiole elongation and upward leaf bending in response to BL treatment. Therefore, based on these results leaves 6, 7 and 8 on 22-24-day-old plants were selected for all subsequent studies. Elongation along the length of the petiole in response to BL treatment was uniform with the exception of an approximately 4 mm region next to the leaf where upward curvature was observed. Both BL and @entity16044 (24-epiBL) were evaluated, with BL being more effective at lower concentrations than 24-epiBL. The exaggerated growth induced by 0.1   M BL was not observed in plants treated with 1 000-fold higher concentrations of @entity45877 , @entity6207 , @entity14728 or @entity14462 (100   M). In addition, no exaggerated growth effects were observed when plants were treated with 200 ppm @entity1786 or 1 mM ACC. All treatments with BL, @entity14728 , @entity14462 , @entity6207 or ACC promoted @entity1786 and ACC production in wild type @entity958 plants, but only BL triggered exaggerated plant growth. BL also promoted exaggerated growth and elevated levels of ACC and @entity1786 in the @entity1786 insensitive mutant etr1-3, showing that the effect of BR on growth is independent of @entity1786 . This work provides evidence that BR-induced exaggerated growth of @entity958 plants is independent of gibberellins, auxins and @entity1786 .

title: Brassinosteroid-induced exaggerated growth in hydroponically grown XXXX plants.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity16044 :: ('MESH:C023623', 'Chemical') :: ['brassinolide', '24-epibrassinolide']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Changes were induced in the rheological blood properties and hemostasis in 40 albino @entity35 by intracardiac injection of high-molecular dextran, arvin, and @entity1068 . Ten @entity35 received dipyridamole. Changes caused by these agents in erythrocyte deformability were determined by the rheoscopical method. Their effect on the threshold of @entity2224 induced by electric current was also determined. Dextran and arvin reduced erythrocyte deformability and the threshold of @entity2224 to half the initial values. An increase in the @entity2224 threshold due to the effect of @entity4341 was attended by improvement in erythrocyte deformability. @entity1068 reduced the threshold of @entity2224 and caused disorders of cardiac @entity713 . Intravenous infusion of high-molecular dextran and arvin caused various @entity299 and @entity713 in 11 out of 12 @entity95 . Preliminary administration of @entity20429 in 3 @entity95 prevented the development of @entity943 on injection of dextran and arvin. The authors believe that deterioration of the blood rheological properties is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of @entity299 and conduction.

title: [Role of changes in rheological properties of blood in the pathogenesis of XXXX and conductivity].

entities_list: @entity20429 :: ('MESH:D003911', 'Chemical') :: ['rheopolyglucin']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular conduction']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of cardiac rhythm']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['disorders of cardiac rhythm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity808 are uncommon @entity5 of the brain. Trigeminal nerve @entity808 are the most common of this group, followed by glossopharyngeal, vagal, facial, accessory, hypoglossal, oculomotor, trochlear, and @entity2896 , in descending order of frequency. We present a series of @entity808 that were surgically treated during a 7-year period. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with @entity21591 (26 cases), VII (7 cases), IX, X, and XI (9 cases), XII (3 cases), and III (1 case) were microsurgically treated by the senior author (LNS) during a 7-year period, from 1993 to 2000. The clinical presentations, operative approaches, complications, and results were studied. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 underwent gross total @entity5 resection in the first operation. One @entity1 who had undergone @entity5 resection in the initial operation experienced a large recurrence after 4 years, and gross total @entity5 resection was achieved in the second operation. There were no postoperative deaths. Postoperative morbidity consisted of @entity5173 for 5 @entity1 (3 @entity1 required a second operation to repair the leak, and 2 @entity1 responded to lumbar drain placement), @entity693 for 3 @entity1 (2 cases were aseptic and 1 involved @entity4008 , which resolved with antibiotic therapy), @entity2553 requiring angioplasty for 1 @entity1 , temporary @entity1269 for 2 @entity1 (who experienced good recoveries), and permanent @entity1269 for 1 @entity1 . New @entity129 were observed for 24% of @entity1 but were usually partial. The mean follow-up period was 33.3 months (range, 0.2-93 mo). No @entity1 experienced @entity5 recurrence after @entity5 removal. The @entity1 who experienced regrowth of the @entity5 did not exhibit recurrence after the second operation. The Karnofsky Performance Scale scores at the latest follow-up examination were 80 or more for 45 @entity1 (98%) and 70 for 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity808 can be treated via microsurgical excision, with excellent functional results. Recurrence is rare after total @entity5 excision, although much longer follow-up monitoring is required.

title: XXXX of the brain: a 7-year experience.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Nonvestibular schwannomas', 'schwannomas', 'nonvestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor', 'subtotal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity21591 :: ('MESH:D020433', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas of Cranial Nerves V']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leaks']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['abducens nerve schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Nonvestibular schwannomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity545 is an acquired connective tissue disorder of the penile tunica albuginea with @entity82 and @entity32 . The disease produces palpable plaques, @entity546 and @entity158 during erections. @entity1 report negative effects in four major domains: physical appearance and self-image, sexual function and performance. These changes damage sexual life and compromise the quality of life. Our objective is to review the @entity1 's sexual life after penile tunical plicature using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) questionnaires. METHODS: A total of 47 @entity1 with @entity545 ( @entity545 ) were enrolled at our urology department and they underwent correction of penile deviation between February 2009 and March 2010. Mean @entity1 age was 56 years and mean follow-up was 24 months. @entity1 with @entity545 with no progression in angulation for at least 12 months were chosen for surgery. They underwent a penile tunical plication.IIEF and SEP questionnaire were administered to all @entity1 . RESULTS: Of all treated @entity1 , 94% were able to insert their penis in the partner's vagina (p<0.01; SEP question 2), compared with 62% preoperatively and 90% of them was satisfied overall with the sexual intercourse (p<0.01; SEP question 5) . @entity1 had a significantly higher endpoint and a greater change from baseline for the remaining SEP questions related to achievement of an erection, satisfaction of erection hardness (SEP questions 1 and 4; p < 0:001).We reported a significant improvement in the IIEF scores (from a baseline total score of 25.2 +/- 3.2 to a final score of 38.3 +/- 5.2; P<0.01). It resulted in significantly higher endpoint IIEF scores across all five IIEF domains: Erectile Function, Intercourse Satisfaction, Orgasmic Function, Sexual Desire and Overall Satisfaction. The main complaint was penile shortening (28 @entity1 , 60%), feeling of the suture during flaccidity and tumescence (37 @entity1 , 80%). CONCLUSION: @entity1 quality of life improved after surgery thanks to the improvement of their sexual life. The complications are unimportant and few bother symptoms are reported. The significant improvement in erectile function was also supported by IIEF and SEP questionnaire data. Nowadays tunical plication is a safe, advantageous and useful technique to treat @entity1 suffering of @entity545 .

title: Tunical plication in the management of @entity546 due La XXXX . Our experience on 47 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'painless PD plaque', "Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile curvature']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3323 (AA), a probable @entity1 carcinogen, is present in fried and baked starch-rich food. In vivo, the substance is partly biotransformed to @entity37072 (GA), which may account for carcinogenic effects. Existing data suggest an important but not exclusive contribution of @entity5321 to GA formation. The aim of this project was to derive respective enzyme kinetic parameters for @entity5321 and to assess a possible role of other important @entity1 CYPs for this reaction in vitro. METHODS: AA (0.2-20   mM) was incubated with @entity1 liver microsomes (HLM) and @entity1 @entity12325 enzymes (supersomes   ). GA was quantified by a specific LC-MS/MS method. Enzyme kinetic parameters were estimated assuming a single binding site. Furthermore, inhibition experiments were performed with @entity8584 ( @entity7725 ), a potent inhibitor of @entity5321 . RESULTS: The mean        SD maximum formation rate (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for GA formation in HLM were 199        36   pmol GA/mg protein/min and 3.3        0.5   mM, respectively. In AA incubations with supersomes   , only for @entity5321 measurable GA formation was detected in all tested AA concentrations (Vmax and Km were 5.4   nmol GA/nmol @entity5321 /min and 1.3   mM, respectively). Inhibition constant (IC50) of DDC was 3.1        0.5     M for HLM and 1.2        0.2     M for @entity5321 supersomes   . Therefore, relevant participation of CYPs other than @entity5321 in the metabolism of AA to GA in @entity1 does not seem likely. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the major role of @entity5321 in GA formation from AA, albeit with low affinity and low capacity. Further studies are needed to identify other pathways of GA formation.

title: The role of XXXX @entity12325 enzymes in metabolism of @entity3323 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity37072 :: ('MESH:C071834', 'Chemical') :: ['glycidamide']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['Acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity8584 :: ('MESH:D004050', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyldithiocarbamate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Our animal studies suggest that the basal ganglia provide an internal non-specific cue to trigger movement and imply that @entity191 involves @entity942 in this cueing mechanism. Indeed @entity191 @entity1 typically rely upon external visual cues. To assess the effects of such non-specific cueing mechanisms on movement, we examined @entity1 ' utilization of a variety of auditory cues. Ten @entity1 suffering from @entity191 , and their matched controls, pressed buttons at a series of two-way choice points sequentially down a pathway, both when the latter remained illuminated throughout its length, and when it had to be followed from memory alone. In other experimental conditions, auditory cues were also provided, either contingent upon the previous response, at its initiation (a medium level of advance information) or at its completion (a low level of advance information), or as a series of regularly paced (non-contingent) auditory cues (from a metronome). In addition to error data, we recorded down time (DT, time to initiate each next response) and movement time (MT, time to execute each next response). However, both DT and MT measurements showed that @entity191 @entity1 were enormously disadvantaged by the absence of external cues. While contingent auditory cues were of some help, the performance of @entity1 with @entity191 was dramatically improved by the provision of non-contingent auditory information. Moreover, @entity191 @entity1 , unlike controls, were greatly affected by the length of individual sub-movements, especially in the absence of external cues. When the pathway to be followed remained illuminated, sub-movement length had little effect. We conclude that for well-learnt, predictable sequences the basal ganglia provide a non-specific internal cue that is necessary for switching between one movement and the next in a movement sequence, and also for development of preparatory activity for each sub-movement in the sequence.

title: An evaluation of the role of internal cues in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['a deficiency']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['parkinsonian hypokinesia']


abstract: AIM: To date there have been no studies exploring the effects of long-term versus intermediate-term and short-term supervised exercise training program in @entity1 with severe @entity712 ( @entity712 ) on optimal medical therapy. We assessed exercise tolerance and mortality in @entity712 @entity1 undergoing long- versus intermediate-term exercise training (ET). METHODS: Forty-two consecutive severe @entity712 @entity1 (New York Heart Association functional class III) were referred for a supervised exercise and cardiac rehabilitation program and were followed-up for 3 years: 20/42 (48%) @entity1 discontinued ET after intermediate-term period of 1.6+/-0.8 years (Group A, intermediate-term ET), and 22/42 (52%) remained on the ET program for 3.0+/-0.3 years (Group B, long-term ET). Exercise duration, 6-min walked distance and @entity209 ( @entity209 ) assessed by modified Bruce protocol were recorded before, 4.5 months after, and 3 years after initiation of ET. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable regarding age, gender, prevalence of @entity63 etiology, mean ejection fraction and medications. Risk factors for @entity741 were similar, except for the prevalence of @entity6 , which was higher in Group A compared to Group B (11/20 versus 5/22, p=0.03). Significantly more Group A @entity1 died after ET discontinuation (4/20 versus 0/22, p=0.01). At the end of follow-up a significant improvement could be seen in Group B @entity1 compared to A in exercise duration, 6-min walked distance and @entity209 (p<0.01 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Higher survival rate was observed in severe @entity712 @entity1 undergoing long-term versus intermediate-term exercise training. Long-term supervised exercise training is safe and improves exercise tolerance in these @entity1 .

title: Long-term versus intermediate-term supervised exercise training in advanced XXXX : effects on exercise tolerance and mortality.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic equivalents', 'METs']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Assessment of @entity73 with a valid cognitive screening tool is essential in neurorehabilitation. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Turkish-adapted version of the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) among acquired @entity1545 @entity1 in @entity233 . METHODS: Some 155 @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 admitted for rehabilitation were assessed by the adapted version of @entity1032 at admission and discharge. Reliability was tested by internal consistency, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and @entity1 separation index; internal construct validity by Rasch analysis; external construct validity by associations with physical and @entity73 ( @entity15467 ); and responsiveness by Effect Size. RESULTS: Reliability was found to be good with Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 at both admission and discharge; and likewise an ICC of 0.80. @entity1 separation index was 0.813. @entity1055 was good by fit of the data to the Rasch model (mean item fit -0.178; SD 1.019). Items were substantially free of differential item functioning. External construct validity was confirmed by expected associations with physical and @entity73 . Effect size was 0.42 compared with 0.22 for @entity73 . CONCLUSION: The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of @entity1032 as a @entity73 screening tool in acquired @entity1545 has been demonstrated.

title: Validation of the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) as a cognitive screening test in @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Person', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MEAMS', 'Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive disability', 'cognitive FIM']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['Internal construct validity']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: 1. The @entity1785 -containing monooxygenase (FMO) (EC 1.14.13.8) is a versatile enzyme that catalyses the monooxygenation of a large number of xenobiotic soft nucleophiles ranging from inorganic ions to organic compounds with @entity1568 , @entity26687 , @entity3151 or @entity4259 heteroatoms. 2. The substrate specificity relative to agricultural chemicals is discussed and compared with that of the @entity11421 -dependent monooxygenase system. The relative activity of these two enzymes towards common substrates varies from substrate to substrate and from tissue to tissue as is shown in the case of the insecticide, @entity36474 and the hepatotoxicant, @entity49689 . 3. The products of FMO action may be chemically different (e.g. @entity1239 ) to those from P-450, or the two enzymes may produce different isomers of the same product (e.g. phorate). 4. Recent studies have demonstrated that, in the @entity95 , the FMOs from liver and lung are different gene products which differ not only in primary sequence but also in physical, catalytic and immunochemical properties. These studies are being extended to include other tissues such as skin and brain. 5. Immunocytochemical localization of FMO in lung and skin correlates well with measurements of the oxidation of @entity3937 , a specific FMO substrate.

title: The role of the XXXX -containing monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.8) in the metabolism and mode of action of agricultural chemicals.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity49689 :: ('MESH:C015539', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobenzamide']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity1785 :: (MESH:C024132,Chemical) :: ['flavin']


abstract: A female @entity1 aged 22 with fully developed symptoms of @entity1278 presented the following metabolic disturbances: persistent @entity5052 , hyponatruria, (sometimes with @entity1372 lack in urine) as well as frequent @entity2753 and @entity2915 . The @entity1 's low arterial blood pressure (70/40 mm Hg on average) was not improved by pharmacological treatment, and only high oral doses of table salt (20-70 g/24 h) did prove effective in the therapy. The subject passed seven @entity1290 composed of @entity414 and @entity414 . Numerous urinalyses did not reveal any changes, and bacterial cultures of the urine were also negative. After 14 years of @entity1278 , the @entity1 was treated for @entity55 with @entity801 at doses of 2 x 80 mg/24 h. Following third dose of the antibiotic, the @entity1 developed @entity810 and was treated by haemodialysis for six weeks. The renal function came gradually to the norm. Simultaneously, all the @entity1278 subsided along with @entity1372 metabolism disturbances, while @entity10043 metabolism disorders got considerably alleviated. The @entity1 started to have her menstrual cycles again, gained 12 kg in body weight, and one year afterwards bore a son. A further 10-year follow-up period was free of any pathological changes except for a slight @entity5052 . To the best of our knowledge, the similar case has not been reported in the medical literature and electronic data bases.

title: Regression of @entity1278 following XXXX caused by @entity801 intoxication.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-uricosuria']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid', 'sodium urate']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2772 , @entity225 , and @entity2841 are not able to induce @entity112 release in purified basophils of nonallergic donors. However, we have recently found that preincubation with 2 micromol/L @entity2426 , which induces a rise in intracellular free @entity460 ions, renders @entity1 basophils extremely sensitive for @entity2772 , @entity225 , or @entity2841 , leading to enhanced @entity112 release. @entity112 release was also induced in the reverse order (first cytokine and then @entity2426 ). OBJECTIVE: Because these cytokines are supposed to be increased in @entity32 , we examined whether basophils of @entity1 with @entity56 showed an enhanced response to @entity2426 . METHODS: We measured the @entity112 release induced by @entity2426 in a group of allergic @entity748 subjects (n = 24) and compared this response with those of 3 control groups. The control groups consisted of healthy control subjects (group 1, n = 21); @entity1 with a nonallergic, nonasthmatic @entity358 (group 2, n = 22); and @entity1 with @entity565 (group 3, n = 9). RESULTS: There was no difference in spontaneous @entity112 release. Also, no significant difference in @entity112 release was found when anti-IgE or @entity5037 was used as a stimulus. @entity112 release induced by @entity2772 alone or a combination of @entity2772 and @entity2426 also did not differ. In contrast, basophils from the group with @entity56 showed a significantly higher percentage of @entity112 release induced by @entity2426 (38.2% +/- 13.2%) than did basophils from the 3 control groups (healthy control subjects, 22.5% +/- 6.9%; subjects with @entity358 , 24.9% +/- 8.9%; subjects with @entity565 15.0% +/- 3.0%; all mean +/- SD). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that basophils in peripheral blood of subjects with @entity56 have a primed phenotype and that @entity2426 -induced @entity112 release is a practical tool to study this phenomenon.

title: Basophils from XXXX with @entity56 show a primed phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['nonallergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of dural arteriovenous @entity292 involving the transverse-sigmoid region with cortical reflux is complex and treatment options may require sacrifice of the fistulous segment of the sinus. OBJECTIVE: To review our results in this subset of @entity1 and describe current endovascular decision-making and approaches. METHODS: We reviewed cases of endovascular sinus sacrifice for dural @entity292 at our institution from 2007 to 2012. Demographic, decision-making, technical and outcome data were collected. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were identified who underwent endovascular sinus sacrifice for treatment of dural @entity292 during this 4-year period. Determination of the fistulous sinus segment was based on the pattern of cortical drainage. Endovascular access to the sinus was achieved by transarterial, transvenous or via open surgery in one case. Complete cure of the target @entity292 was obtained in all cases. One @entity1 had transient post-procedure @entity10 . There were no @entity548 , new @entity51 or signs of @entity428 . Six of the seven @entity1 had angiographic follow-up at least 6 months after treatment with no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Fistulas of the transverse-sigmoid sinuses with cortical reflux may require sacrifice of the parent sinus for cure. Defining the fistulous segment and occluding this segment deliberately, completely and precisely is essential for cure. Several modalities and approaches can be used to achieve this. For properly selected @entity1 , cure of the lesions can be achieved with this method with low risk of morbidity.

title: Endovascular approach and technique for treatment of transverse-sigmoid dural arteriovenous XXXX with cortical reflux: the importance of venous sinus sacrifice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of @entity2457 via a very small, short feeding artery with the assistance of a balloon placed proximal to the tip of the microcatheter, such that the balloon serves as a plug. METHODS: Eight @entity1 who underwent treatment of DAVF by balloon-assisted transarterial embolization with Onyx were retrospectively reviewed. Gender, age, angiography findings, procedure details, clinical and angiographic outcomes, complications, and follow-up were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Nine embolization procedures were performed in eight male @entity1 via extracranial arteries. Balloon-assisted embolization was successful in all eight @entity1 . A Hyperglide balloon was used in five @entity1 , and a Hyperform balloon was used in three @entity1 . Angiographic resolution of the @entity292 was achieved in all @entity1 without complications. All @entity1 recovered uneventfully. During the follow-up period of 7-19 months, all @entity1 were asymptomatic except for one @entity1 who experienced mild @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of DAVF by balloon-assisted embolization with Onyx achieved promising results, even in @entity1 with very small and short feeding arteries. This technique allowed the treatment of DAVF cases where other techniques have failed.

title: Treatment of dural arteriovenous XXXX by balloon-assisted transarterial embolization with Onyx.

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: AIM: To study the small bowel (SB) mucosa on biopsy in cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity101 and in non-cirrhotic controls and grade findings according to the Marsh criteria. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 51 consecutive @entity1 undergoing an upper endoscopy for their routine medical care. Twenty five @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity101 were compared to 26 controls. We obtained coeliac serology and multiple upper small bowel biopsies on all 51 @entity1 . A GI pathologist interpreted biopsies and graded findings according to the Marsh criteria. We assessed equivalence in Marsh grade between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic controls using the Mann-Whitney test for equivalence. RESULTS: Gender, ethnicity and age were similar between both groups. Marsh grades were equivalent between the groups. Grade of 0 was present in 96% and grade of 1 was present in 4% of both groups and there was no villus @entity194 or decrease in villus/crypt ratio in @entity1 with @entity101 . CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for the lack of villus @entity194 in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity101 , and supports the continuous reliance on the Marsh criteria when the diagnosis of @entity66 is to be made in the presence of @entity82 .

title: Histological abnormalities of the small bowel mucosa in @entity82 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: The development and evaluation of drugs to elevate fetal hemoglobin in the treatment of the @entity74 of hemoglobin would be facilitated by the availability of reliable cell assays. We have used real-time, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of globin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in a biphasic, @entity1307 -dependent primary culture system for @entity1 adult erythroid cells in order to assay compounds for their ability to modulate levels of adult (beta) and fetal (gamma) globin mRNA. Complementary DNA synthesized from total RNA extracted at timed intervals from aliquots of cells were assayed throughout the period that the culture was studied. gamma-globin mRNA levels were found to be much lower (less than 1%) than beta-globin mRNA levels. At concentrations of agents chosen for minimal effect on cell division, we find that the 3 drugs studied, @entity2591 (5 micromol/L), @entity1862 (40 micromol/L), and @entity4877 (0.5 mmol/L), significantly increase gamma-globin mRNA levels. Interestingly, @entity1862 also had a small stimulatory effect on beta-globin mRNA levels, while @entity4877 caused a twofold inhibition of beta-globin mRNA levels, and @entity2591 had little effect on beta-globin mRNA levels. The net result of all 3 drugs was to increase the gamma/(gamma + beta) mRNA ratios by threefold to fivefold. These data suggest that the mechanism is distinct for each drug. The profile of @entity4877 -induced changes on globin gene expression is also quite distinct from changes produced by @entity3996 , a known histone deacetylase inhibitor. Quantitative PCR analyses of @entity1 erythroid cells should prove useful for studying the mechanism(s) of action of known inducers of gamma-globin and identifying new drug candidates.

title: Quantitative PCR analysis of HbF inducers in primary XXXX adult erythroid cells.

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['5-azacytidine']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['butyric-acid', 'butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The profile of salivary proteases and their cellular origin, with special reference to polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacteria, was studied in localized @entity6223 and compared with @entity7278 and healthy controls. General proteolytic activity in saliva as well as collagenase, elastase-like and trypsin-like activity was measured. In addition, the sensitivity of salivary collagenase of @entity1 with localized @entity6223 to @entity3403 inhibition was studied. The saliva of localized @entity6223 @entity1 contained low amounts of collagenase compared with @entity7278 saliva, and almost all salivary collagenase was found to exist in endogenously active form, as was found to be the case also in @entity7278 @entity1 and healthy controls. The salivary collagenase of localized @entity6223 @entity1 was relatively insensitive to 100 mumol/l @entity3403 but was completely inhibited by 600 mumol/l @entity3403 , reflecting rather @entity3334 (fibroblast-type) than @entity5952 (polymorphonuclear leukocyte) enzyme. The saliva of localized @entity6223 @entity1 also contained low amounts of elastase-like activity compared with the saliva of untreated @entity7278 @entity1 . Scaling and root planing caused a significant decrease in elastase-like activity in the saliva of @entity7278 @entity1 . General proteolytic and trypsin-like activities were also low in the saliva of localized @entity6223 @entity1 . Furthermore, the reducing agent @entity5643 did not activate or inhibit the salivary trypsin-like activity of localized @entity6223 or @entity7278 @entity1 , although the reductant readily activated partially purified @entity2523 trypsin-like protease in a characteristic manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Salivary collagenase, elastase- and trypsin-like proteases as biochemical markers of periodontal tissue destruction in adult and localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity5643 :: ('CHEBI:41218', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity5952 :: ('4317', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-8']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity6223 :: (MESH:D010520,Disease) :: ['juvenile periodontitis']


abstract: LH and @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) control the life span and function of the corpus luteum (CL). Nevertheless, identification of the various cell types (steroidogenic and nonsteroidogenic) expressing the receptors for these hormones remains controversial. In this study we characterized LH and @entity17439 (r) expression in the various luteal cell types using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found, in agreement with previously described functions of PGF2 alpha, that the two steroidogenic cell types, as well as luteal endothelial cells, expressed PGFr. In contrast, LHr was mainly expressed by small luteal cells. A similar pattern of PGFr and LHr expression was observed in steroidogenic cells luteinized in vitro and in cells derived from the mature CL. The expression of these two receptors was inversely affected by increased levels of @entity268 (achieved by incubating cells with varying doses of @entity1928 ); LHr expression was down-regulated by 50% in the presence of 10 microM forskolin (p < 0.05), while an increase was observed in PGFr expression. In granulosa-derived luteal cells, maximal expression of PGFr was higher (approximately by 3-fold, p < 0.05) than in the theca-derived luteal cells. PGF2 alpha, mimicking its in vivo effect, markedly down-regulated LHr expression in thecaderived luteal cells, abolishing expression at a concentration of 100 ng/ml. In summary, these studies depict @entity268 and PGF2 alpha as major regulators of PGFr and LHr expression in the two steroidogenic cell types. All three major cell types of the CL (steroidogenic and endothelial) express PGFr. LHr mRNA, on the other hand, was detected mainly in small luteal cells. Such broad cellular distribution of PGFr may highlight the significant role played by this @entity3009 in the @entity291 CL.

title: Characterization of messenger ribonucleic acid expression for XXXX and luteinizing hormone receptors in various @entity291 luteal cell types.

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity3774 :: (MESH:D015237,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence or recurrence of @entity792 or of autoantibodies (autoAb) has been reported during type I interferon (IFN) treatment. OBJECTIVE: To define the frequency of @entity409 and of @entity792 during IFN-beta 1b ( @entity2391 ) treatment of @entity15 . METHODS: Prospective 1-year multicenter follow-up of 156 @entity1 with @entity15 recruited by 18 centers was conducted. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid autoAb were measured by an immunoradiometric method, thyroid hormones by chromatographic assay, and non-organ-specific autoAb by indirect immunofluorescence. Tests were repeated every 3 months. The probability of having liver, thyroid, or autoAb alterations was analyzed longitudinally with the generalized estimating equations (GEE) method. RESULTS: @entity1374 was observed in 5.3% of cases at baseline and 8.3% de novo during @entity2391 treatment. GEE analysis showed that the probability of having @entity8426 did not change significantly during treatment compared with baseline. Liver alteration was observed in 4.6% of cases at baseline and 37.5% de novo during @entity2391 treatment (p < 0.0001). GEE analysis showed that the probability of having liver alteration was higher (p < 0.002) at months 3 and 6 compared with baseline, returning to values similar to baseline by month 9. AutoAb were detected in 16.1% of @entity1 at baseline and in 20% during @entity2391 . GEE analysis showed that the probability of having autoAb did not change significantly during treatment compared with baseline. Thyroid or liver alteration or autoAb occurring de novo during @entity2391 were usually transient. CONCLUSIONS: Differently from the frequency of liver function alteration (which significantly increased during the first months of @entity2391 treatment, suggesting a probable causal relationship with @entity2391 ), the frequency of @entity1374 or of @entity792 showed random and insignificant changes over time, probably not related to @entity2391 treatment.

title: Liver and thyroid function and XXXX during interferon-beta 1b treatment for @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid and liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid alteration']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'Thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of a new surgical technique of fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for the treatment of foveal @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) in eyes with myopic traction @entity1020 . DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series. METHODS: Forty-five eyes of 45 consecutive @entity1 who underwent vitrectomy and ILM peeling for the treatment of a foveal RD attributable to myopic traction @entity1020 were studied. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups by the area of ILM peeled: complete macular ILM peeled group (30 eyes) and fovea-sparing ILM peeled group (15 eyes). A gas tamponade was used in all of the eyes. The main outcome measures were the rate of development of a full-thickness @entity937 ( @entity937 ) and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). All of the @entity1 were followed for more than 6 months. RESULTS: A full-thickness @entity937 developed in 5 of 30 eyes (16.7%) in the complete ILM peeled group and in none of the 15 eyes in the fovea-sparing ILM peeled group. Postoperative OCT examination showed a contraction of the residual ILM on the fovea and reduction of the outer lamellar holes in the fovea-sparing ILM peeled group. The postoperative BCVA was significantly better than the preoperative BCVA in the fovea-sparing ILM peeled group (P = .04), but not in the complete ILM peeled group. CONCLUSIONS: Fovea-sparing ILM peeling results in better visual and anatomic outcomes for the treatment of foveal RD attributable to myopic traction @entity1020 . These were accomplished by reducing the development of a full-thickness @entity937 .

title: Fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling for myopic traction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RDs', 'retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['macular hole', 'MH']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ) used for public-access defibrillation (PAD) @entity1170 , particularly if the @entity4610 are incorporated into an organized response plan. This project was undertaken to determine how many PAD @entity4610 were in North Carolina, how many were properly registered, and how many were integrated into the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) response. METHODS: Data were collected for this prospective, descriptive study via phone survey, e-mail survey, and/or direct personal interview. Four sources were utilized: 1) state office of @entity341 AED registration database, 2) AED sales representatives, 3) county @entity341 agency representatives, and 4) @entity299 ( @entity299 ) training center instructors and regional faculty. The primary endpoint was determining the proportion of @entity4610 placed in unregistered locations. RESULTS: The state @entity341 office provided the state registry of AED locations. One-hundred percent of state-recognized AED vendors and county @entity341 agencies provided data. Twelve of 55 (22%) @entity299 personnel provided data. Eight hundred eighty-one unique locations were identified. Although AED sales are required by law to be registered, the office of @entity341 database contained only 99 of the 552 (18%) unique PAD locations identified by the study. CONCLUSIONS: A large number of unregistered @entity4610 are being placed in communities. @entity4610 placed as part of an organized PAD program improve the rates of survival from sudden @entity204 . In the absence of registration, it is difficult to determine the extent to which these @entity4610 are part of an organized PAD program.

title: Lack of integration of automated external defibrillators with XXXX response may reduce lifesaving potential of public-access defibrillation.

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['allow for rapid defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency medical services', 'EMS']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'Automated external defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['EMS']


abstract: In the present @entity1 study, we aimed to investigate the facilitation of both the subjective @entity158 responses, and the withdrawal reflex to consecutive transcutaneous electrical stimuli as measures of temporal summation. The frequency (0.5-20 Hz) and intensity (0.4-0.8 times the reflex threshold, xRT) of the electrical stimuli were systematically varied. When using repeated stimulation, the stimulus intensity that evoked @entity158 was lower than that required by a single stimulus (temporal summation). Temporal summation leading to @entity158 was found to depend significantly upon both frequency and intensity (e.g. stimulation at 1 Hz caused summation at 0.8 x @entity138 , whereas stimulation at 20 Hz caused summation at 0.6 x @entity138 ). The strongest reflex facilitation, and hence the strongest @entity158 intensity was obtained for stimulation at 10-20 Hz at an intensity of 0.8 x @entity138 . In conclusion, the results of the present @entity1 study demonstrate clearly that a stimulus that is perceived as a localised, repetitive tactile tap can be integrated and cause severe @entity158 . This suggests that pathologically generated sparse nociceptive afferent activity causes strong @entity158 by central integration. This might be one mechanism to explain why clinical conditions can become excruciatingly @entity158 despite the fact that the pathophysiological changes seem to be marginal (e.g. minor nerve @entity130 ).

title: Facilitation of the withdrawal reflex by repeated transcutaneous electrical stimulation: an experimental study on central integration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While @entity1501 (FA) reduces plasma @entity1255 (Hcy), whether the simultaneous improvement in endothelial function is dependent on Hcy lowering per se is questionable. In the present study the relationship between FA dose, Hcy lowering and endothelial function in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity453 received either 400 microg FA or 5 mg placebo daily for a 6-week treatment period. A further 44 @entity1 with @entity453 received either 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of @entity7727 or placebo for a 6-week treatment period. @entity384 ( @entity384 ), a measure of endothelial function, was assessed before and after the 6-week periods. Isometric tension and Western blotting were used to investigate the effect of FA on endothelial function and endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS) dimerization in isolated @entity95 aortic rings and cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC), respectively. RESULTS: Both 400 micro g day(-1) and 5 mg day(-1) FA significantly increased plasma @entity1501 and decreased plasma @entity5784 . The @entity384 improved significantly after 6 weeks' treatment of 5 mg day(-1) FA but did not correlate with the reduction in Hcy. There was no change in @entity384 in either the 400 micro g FA or placebo group. In a subgroup analysis of 11 @entity1 in the @entity7727 group, despite a reduced Hcy, a significant impairment in @entity384 was observed. In the in vitro studies FA, but not @entity7727 , reversed @entity1853 -induced @entity409 . Moreover, the FA promoted eNOS dimerization in cultured PAEC. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that FA dose-dependently improves endothelial function in @entity453 via a mechanism independently of Hcy lowering. It may involve promotion of eNOS dimerization.

title: High- but not low-dose XXXX improves endothelial function in @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Flow-mediated dilatation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine retrospectively the prognostic significance of airway compromise necessitating tracheostomy in @entity189 managed with radical radiotherapy and surgery for salvage (RRSS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: The charts of 270 @entity1 managed with RRSS at the Toronto-Sunnybrook @entity5 Centre between June 1980 and December 1990 were reviewed. Airway compromise necessitating tracheostomy was documented in 26 @entity1 prior to radiotherapy and 3 @entity1 during radiotherapy. Of 29, 27 had T3T4 primaries. @entity1 have been followed for a median of 5 years. RESULTS: @entity1 managed without tracheostomy had a 2-year disease-free survival of 74% compared to 41% for those managed with tracheostomy. The adverse impact of airway compromise was more marked in @entity1 with glottic primaries (78% vs. 32%, p = 0.0001) than those with supraglottic primaries (64% vs. 47%, p = 0.18). Tracheostomy was identified in univariate analysis, but not in multivariate analysis, as having a statistically significant impact on local control and local-regional control. Radiotherapy controlled disease above the clavicles in 185 of 267 (69%) evaluable @entity1 . 83% of isolated local-regional failures underwent salvage surgery. Among those managed without tracheostomy, ultimate local-regional control (LRC) was achieved in 161 (94%) of 172 glottic primaries and 54 (81%) of 67 supraglottic primaries. Among those managed with tracheostomy, ultimate LRC was achieved in 9 (69%) of 13 glottic primaries and 12 (80%) of 15 supraglottic primaries. In a subset analysis of 76 @entity1 with T3T4 primaries, there was no statistically significant difference in larynx preservation, disease-free survival, or cause-specific survival between those managed with and without tracheostomy. CONCLUSION: Airway compromise necessitating tracheostomy is an adverse prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity189 . However, larynx preservation is possible in over 40% of those undergoing tracheostomy and radiotherapy with no compromise of cause-specific survival. The need for pretreatment tracheostomy should not rule out the possibility of RRSS.

title: The prognostic significance of tracheostomy in XXXX treated with radiotherapy and surgery for salvage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Regional Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the larynx']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the larynx']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), in particular @entity322 ( @entity322 ), commonly develops during pregnancy or following delivery. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of the LUTS before and during pregnancy, and to demonstrate the relationships between various obstetric parameters and @entity322 . METHODS: For this observational study, 1,501 consecutive primiparae who delivered at >=  36 gestational weeks were recruited in a tertiary hospital. A urogynecological questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of LUTS before and during pregnancy. The relationships between various obstetric parameters and @entity322 were analyzed. RESULTS: Prevalence of LUTS increased over the course of pregnancy. The most commonly reported LUTS symptoms, regardless of pregnancy trimester, were @entity2183 (51.1%) and frequency (40.3%), @entity322 (37.5%), urgency (31.1%), @entity1494 (26.3%), straining (15.3%), and voiding difficulty (14.5%). Stress @entity322 (SUI) (26.7%) was more common during pregnancy than mixed @entity322 (6.1%) or urge @entity322 (4.7%). @entity1 with a prepregnancy BMI >30 were at increased risk of developing de novo SUI during pregnancy. Urge incontinence during pregnancy was associated with smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LUTS generally increased with gestational age. @entity322 during pregnancy was associated with prepregnancy BMI and smoking.

title: Lower urinary tract symptoms in primiparous XXXX before and during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete bladder emptying']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We studied the proliferative activity of leukemic cells obtained from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 34 @entity1 ; 30 with @entity1778 in blastic crisis. Flow cytometry was performed using monoclonal antibody against @entity10947 . Since fresh and frozen cells showed virtually identical @entity10947 -positive populations and flow cytometric histograms, 52 cryopreserved samples (25 from peripheral blood and 27 from bone marrow) were used in this study. The @entity10947 -positive population ranged from 20.4% to 84.7% in peripheral blood, and from 6.5% to 92.1% in bone marrow. A positive correlation (r = 0.76, P < 0.01) was found between @entity10947 -positive populations in peripheral blood and bone marrow from the same @entity1 . This suggests that the @entity10947 -positive population in the bone marrow can be estimated from that in peripheral blood. No relationship was observed between the positive population and the response to chemotherapy. Statistical analyses for all cases showed no relationship between the @entity10947 -positive population and either the @entity5 cell count or time to reach a nadir. However, a negative correlation was observed between the positive population in bone marrow samples and the time to reach a nadir (r = -0.64, P < 0.05) in those @entity1 who achieved a complete response. In addition, in the cases of @entity981 who did not respond to chemotherapy, a positive correlation was observed between the @entity5 cell count in bone marrow and the @entity10947 -positive population (r = 0.93, P < 0.01). Thus, the method described here provides a simple and time-efficient means of detecting the proliferative activity of leukemic cells, which is a useful parameter in the treatment of @entity1778 .

title: Flow cytometric detection of proliferative cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10947 :: ('5422', 'Gene') :: ['DNA polymerase alpha']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia and 4 with chronic myelogenous leukemia', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemias']


abstract: PURPOSE: Antimetabolites, especially @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), increase the incidence of late @entity4530 -related @entity3225 in trabeculectomy. This is related to a higher incidence of avascular, thin, @entity4530 , which may be caused by a toxic effect on conjunctival tissue. An @entity1139 dose-response study was carried out focusing on @entity4530 morphology and function. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a retrospective, comparative case series study, 2 successive groups of @entity1 with complicated @entity726 were compared 2 years after a special, minimally invasive, filtering procedure (intrastromal holmium laser keratostomy). Preoperative local subconjunctival injections of a fixed @entity1139 dose (4 microg) were used in group A, and lower @entity1139 doses, calculated individually (1 or 2 microg), were used in group B. Bleb vascularity and morphology were evaluated by masked grading of photomicrographs. Bleb function was evaluated by intraocular pressure (IOP). RESULTS: @entity4530 occurred in 63% of the blebs in group A and 0% in group B (P < 0.01). In eyes with IOP < or = 20 mmHg without medical treatment, the mean IOP was significantly lower in group 1 (8 vs 15 mm Hg, P < 0.002). A translucent @entity4530 without conjunctival stroma was observed in only 1 eye in group A. An optimal spongy stromal @entity4530 was observed in all other eyes (96%) despite the different @entity1139 doses. The numbers of complications in the 2 groups were nearly equal. CONCLUSIONS: Bleb avascularity after 4 microg @entity1139 could be avoided by the use of 1 or 2 microg @entity1139 on the basis of preoperative prognosticators for failure, but at the expense of some of the IOP-lowering effect. This indicates that the therapeutic index (clinical safety margin) of @entity1139 seems to be narrow. An @entity1139 dose-response relation was not observed for the thin, cystic, and translucent @entity4530 . The low incidence of this @entity4530 (4%) indicates that the operative technique, apart from the vascularity, may be the most essential determinant of @entity4530 morphology.

title: Determinants of @entity4530 morphology in minimally invasive, clear-cornea micropenetrating XXXX surgery with @entity1138 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['Total bleb avascularity', 'cystic, translucent blebs', 'cystic bleb', 'bleb']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: A total of 129 strains of @entity794 , isolated from clinical specimens in Taiwan between February 1992 and December 1993, were subjected to coagulase typing and susceptibility testing to 21 kinds of antimicrobial agents using Pasco MIC Gram-positive panels. In the determination of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), there were 94 strains (72.9%) resistant to @entity114 and @entity869 , 54 strains (41.9%) resistant to @entity803 and @entity2929 , and 21 strains (16.3%) resistant to @entity6101 ( @entity6101 -resistant @entity794 ; ORSA), but none of them was resistant to @entity2176 or @entity6616 . As the susceptibility of the isolates from four different geographic districts was compared, no statistical difference was found except that the resistance rate to @entity114 and @entity869 was higher in southern Taiwan, and resistance rate to @entity1215 and @entity801 was higher in central Taiwan. The ORSA strains were all resistant to @entity114 , @entity869 , @entity803 ; 95.2% of the strains were resistant to @entity801 , @entity2890 and @entity2929 . The resistance rates to drugs tested for ORSA strains were statistically higher than those for OSSA strains except @entity2176 , @entity6616 , @entity206 / @entity207 and @entity869 / @entity5899 . In the coagulase typing of 127 strains, Type IV, III and VII were most frequently encountered. Among the coagulase types, Type IV was mostly encountered in the North, the South and the East of Taiwan; Type III was mostly encountered in central Taiwan. Among the ORSA strains, coagulase Type III was most predominant (85%). In conclusion, analysis of an antibiogram is easy to perform and the results can provide clinicians not only with correct guides for @entity1 treatment but also with a useful tool for epidemiological studies. However, if antibiogram and coagulase typing are carried out simultaneously, results will be more reliable in epidemiological studies, including @entity580 survey.

title: [Coagulase type and antimicrobial susceptibility of XXXX isolated from various areas in Taiwan].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy (RT) prior to surgery could benefit @entity1 with advanced @entity420 . This study was designed to examine the preoperative therapeutic effect of RT given in different doses and fractions, depending on clinical (c) @entity7443 stage and on @entity5 site in the rectum. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2002, 122 @entity1 with @entity420 of the lower two thirds of the rectum and @entity44742 , N0-2, M0, were treated with preoperative RT and then were operated radically. @entity1 with postoperative pathological (p) T4 and/or N+ received 4-6 cycles of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 chemotherapy. RT was performed using 3 different schemes. Thirty-eight @entity1 received 4 Gy daily in 5 consecutive days and operated within 3-5 days after RT. Doses of 5 Gy daily in 5 consecutive days were delivered to 51 @entity1 who were also operated within 3-5 days post-RT. Another 33 @entity1 received 50 Gy in 25 fractions of 2 Gy each in 5 weeks and were operated not later than 30-45 days post-RT. The average follow-up period was 53 months. Conventional and conformal techniques were used for RT. The influence of various factors (stage, histological subtype, distance from dentate line, type of surgery, number of nodes involved) were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall survival for all 122 @entity1 at 3 years was 84%. The distant @entity3 -free survival was 82%, the local recurrence-free survival 92%; for stage III only it was 88%. Overall survival, distant @entity3 and local recurrence rate were significantly influenced by the pathological stage (p <0.05). Local recurrence and distant @entity3 were significantly higher in @entity1 with more than 3 nodes involved (p <0.005). The influence of the different RT dose regimens showed a tendency to reduced local recurrence free survival in @entity1 receiving a dose lower than 40 Gy. The use of short preoperative schemes increased the rate of local recurrences in cases with low anterior resections. A reduction in @entity5 size with 50 Gy of conventional RT was established and downstaging was achieved in 54% of the cases. No late effects on normal tissues were observed with any scheme of preoperative RT. CONCLUSION: The conventional preoperative RT at 50 Gy dose levels proved more effective for advanced @entity5 (T4 or N2) and for low anterior resections. The short scheme 5 x 5 Gy was appropriate for less advanced @entity5 (T2-3, N0-1), something requiring accurate clinical staging.

title: Preoperative radiotherapy in XXXX : treatment results of three different dose regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In several beating cardiac muscle preparations, a short-lived increase in twitch @entity2701 or amplitude has been observed when they were exposed abruptly to solutions containing @entity1508 or @entity4488 . As exposure to the anesthetics was continued, the expected negative inotropic effect became evident after the short-lived increase in twitch. No such increase in twitch has been reported during exposure to @entity5161 . It has been hypothesized that this short-lived increase in twitch is caused by an enhancement of @entity460 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, but other mechanisms have not been excluded. METHODS: Freshly isolated, single @entity35 ventricular cells were stimulated to beat at room temperature and abruptly exposed to solutions containing @entity1508 (0.25-0.64 mM), @entity4488 (0.69-1 mM), or @entity5161 (0.31-0.54 mM). During these exposures, twitch amplitude was measured and intracellular @entity460 concentration was followed using the @entity460 -sensitive dye indo-1. In some experiments, the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to measure membrane current. In addition, in several cells the sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity460 content was assessed through the response to brief pulses of @entity5834 . RESULTS: Both the twitch amplitude and the intracellular @entity460 transient were increased temporarily in cells abruptly exposed to @entity1508 or @entity4488 . No such behavior was found with @entity5161 . After continued exposure to all three agents, both the twitch amplitude and the @entity460 transient were less than control. During the beats exhibiting an increase in twitch, no alteration in the relation between cell length (twitch amplitude) and the intracellular @entity460 transient was found compared with control conditions. In addition, the temporary increase in twitch amplitude occurred in cells contracting under voltage-clamp control when @entity1508 was introduced, and it was not associated with any increase in the @entity460 current. The sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity460 content at the time of the @entity1508 -induced increase in twitch also was not increased. CONCLUSIONS: The short-lived increase in twitch after abrupt exposure to @entity1508 or @entity4488 is related to increased intracellular @entity460 during the beat and not to any changes in myofilament sensitivity to @entity460 . Because these results eliminate most alternative explanations for this phenomenon, the authors conclude that @entity1508 , and probably also @entity4488 , increases the fraction of @entity460 released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum with each heart beat. @entity5161 appears to lack this action.

title: Initial contractile response of isolated @entity35 heart cells to @entity1508 , XXXX , and @entity5161 .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity4488 :: (MESH:D004737,Chemical) :: ['enflurane']


abstract: A 39 year old male comes to the emergency room because of rapidly increasing @entity158 in his left leg one hour after the injection of @entity12029 into a groin vessel. There is a history of @entity734 for more than 15 years. The left leg is cool and shows intense patchy cyanosis. The same @entity272 is seen at the left lower abdomen and parts of the thigh. The leg is paretic but foot-pulses are detectable. Color-coded duplex-sonography of the left leg shows normal shaped arteries with regular flow. Regarding the veins there are post-thrombotic changes but no signs of actual @entity715 . The ECG shows sinus rythme. No source of emboli can be found by echocardiography. The laboratory tests reveal normal results except of @entity417 (Hb 9.6 g/dl, normocytic, normochromic). As an accidental intraarterial injection with a @entity137 to the vessel-walls has to be supposed the @entity1 is treated besides of analgesics with systemic anticoagulation, high doses of @entity821 and @entity460 channel-blockers. With this therapeutic regimen the leg and the left lower abdomen improve gradually except for some toes which remain cyanotic. During the first days the @entity1 develops signs of moderate @entity5925 with swelling of the leg and an increase of creatininase concentration in blood. After 12 days the left leg has normalised but the toes show further demarcation. They have to be amputated six weeks later. The accidental injection of drugs into the femoral artery may result in the clinical picture of @entity63 without occlusion of the big vessels of the leg. This obviously occurs most often with @entity1245 , especially when crushed tablets soluted in water are injected. Color-coded duplex sonography is able to show open vessels within minutes and prevents ineffective surgical interventions.

title: [Acute XXXX of the leg in a drug addict].

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic/allergic insult']

entities_list: @entity12029 :: ('MESH:D005445', 'Chemical') :: ['Flunitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin discoloration']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is largely an environmentally caused disease with poor prognosis. An in vitro transformation model of @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) was used to study long-term effects of @entity286 smoke carcinogens on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the forkhead box transcription factors @entity9323 and @entity10354 . @entity8985 and @entity2215 immortalized HBEC2 and HBEC12 cell lines were exposed weekly to either cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), @entity3014 , or @entity7044 . Transformed cell lines were established from soft-agar colonies after 12weeks of exposure. HBEC12 was transformed by all exposures while HBEC2 was only transformed by CSC. Untransformed HBEC2 showed little invasive capacity, whereas transformed cell lines completely closed the gap in a matrigel scratch wound assay. @entity5962 was down-regulated in all of the transformed cell lines. In contrast, @entity6076 was up-regulated in both HBEC2 and one of the HBEC12 transformed cell lines. Furthermore, transformed cells showed activation of EMT markers including @entity4245 , @entity18075 , @entity2277 , and @entity1476 . All transformed cell lines had significant down-regulation of @entity9323 and @entity10354 , indicating a possible role in cell transformation and EMT. ChIP analysis showed increased binding of Histone-H3 and macroH2A in @entity9323 and @entity10354 in the transformed HBEC2 cell lines, indicating a compact chromatin. In conclusion, long-term carcinogen exposure lead to down-regulation of @entity9323 and @entity10354 concomitantly with the occurrence of EMT and in vitro transformation in HBEC cells.

title: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and FOXA genes during XXXX smoke carcinogen induced transformation of @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['methylnitrosourea']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: The greater splanchnic nerves are responsible for sympathetic innervation of the supra mesocolic viscera, and total bilateral neurotomy is efficient to relieve @entity158 . Their dissection is easy by a midline transperitoneal route used for @entity788 surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity158 relief related to transhiatal bilateral splanchnicotomy in @entity1 with @entity788 . The @entity5 was unresectable for all the @entity1 , and nobody was operated only to make neurotomy. Twenty two @entity1 had single bilateral splanchnicotomy, and other had an associated biliary and/or digestive diversion. There was not postoperative specific mortality, and postoperative mortality rate was 3.9%. Specific postoperative morbidity rate was 6%. Most of the @entity1 (83.3%) had immediate @entity158 relief, with or without diversion (respectively 80.7% and 86.3%, p = 0.6). Our data suggest that @entity158 recurs for some @entity1 three months after surgery ( @entity158 control in respectively 69.2% and 72.7%), but difference was not significant (p = 0.14). Our results demonstrate that transhiatal bilateral splanchnicotomy relieves @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity788 , with a poor specific morbidity.

title: [Analgesic effect of transhiatal splanchnectomy in @entity158 from XXXX . Apropos of 51 operated @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['cancer of the pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral anticoagulation therapy reduces risk of vascular events in @entity1 with @entity955 . However, long-term monitoring is necessary and many @entity1 cannot achieve optimum anticoagulation. We assessed whether @entity1397 plus @entity117 was non-inferior to oral anticoagulation therapy for prevention of vascular events. METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled if they had @entity955 plus one or more risk factor for @entity64 , and were randomly allocated to receive oral anticoagulation therapy (target international normalised ratio of 2.0-3.0; n=3371) or @entity1397 (75 mg per day) plus @entity117 (75-100 mg per day recommended; n=3335). Outcome events were adjudicated by a blinded committee. Primary outcome was first occurrence of @entity64 , non-CNS systemic @entity887 , @entity583 , or @entity204 . Analyses were by intention-to-treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00243178. RESULTS: The study was stopped early because of clear evidence of superiority of oral anticoagulation therapy. There were 165 primary events in @entity1 on oral anticoagulation therapy (annual risk 3.93%) and 234 in those on @entity1397 plus @entity117 (annual risk 5.60%; relative risk 1.44 (1.18-1.76; p=0.0003). @entity1 on oral anticoagulation therapy who were already receiving this treatment at study entry had a trend towards a greater reduction in vascular events (relative risk 1.50, 95% CI 1.19-1.89) and a significantly (p=0.03 for interaction) lower risk of @entity548 with oral anticoagulation therapy (1.30; 0.94-1.79) than @entity1 not on this treatment at study entry (1.27, 0.85-1.89 and 0.59, 0.32-1.08, respectively). CONCLUSION: Oral anticoagulation therapy is superior to @entity1397 plus @entity117 for prevention of vascular events in @entity1 with @entity955 at high risk of @entity64 , especially in those already taking oral anticoagulation therapy.

title: @entity1397 plus @entity117 versus oral anticoagulation for XXXX in the @entity955 @entity1397 Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['vascular death']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) may be caused in part by aberrant immune responses to commensal intestinal microbes including the well-characterized anaerobic gut commensal @entity3404 (B. theta). Healthy, germ-free HLA-B27 transgenic (Tg) @entity35 develop @entity1960 when colonized with complex gut commensal bacteria whereas non-transgenic (nTg) @entity35 remain disease-free. However, the role of B. theta in causing disease in Tg @entity35 is unknown nor is much known about how gut microbes respond to host @entity32 . METHODS: Tg and nTg @entity35 were monoassociated with a @entity1 isolate of B. theta. Colonic @entity32 was assessed by histologic scoring and tissue pro-inflammatory cytokine measurement. Whole genome transcriptional profiling of B. theta recovered from ceca was performed using custom GeneChips and data analyzed using @entity37622 , Significance Analysis of Microarrays, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Western Blots were used to determine adaptive immune responses to a differentially expressed B. theta gene. RESULTS: B. theta monoassociated Tg @entity35 , but not nTg or germ-free controls, developed @entity1960 . Transcriptional profiles of cecal B. theta were significantly different in Tg vs. nTg @entity35 . GSEA revealed that genes in KEGG canonical pathways involved in bacterial growth and metabolism were downregulated in B. theta from Tg @entity35 with @entity1960 though luminal bacterial concentrations were unaffected. Bacterial genes in the Gene Ontology molecular function "receptor activity", most of which encode nutrient binding proteins, were significantly upregulated in B. theta from Tg @entity35 and include a SusC homolog that induces adaptive immune responses in Tg @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: B. theta induces @entity1960 in HLA-B27 Tg @entity35 , which is associated with regulation of bacterial genes in metabolic and nutrient binding pathways that may affect host immune responses. These studies of the host-microbial dialogue may lead to the identification of novel microbial targets for @entity29 therapies.

title: The @entity1960 -associated transcriptional profile of commensal XXXX enhances adaptive immune responses to a bacterial antigen.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity3404 :: ('818', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron']

answer: @entity3404 :: (818,Species) :: ['Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of @entity1295 and @entity1353 , treatment with oral @entity288 , high circulating levels of cytokines, and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity497 ( @entity497 ) could affect the @entity1 ' exercise tolerance and @entity121 ( @entity121 ). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional capacity (FC) of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity497 and to correlate the FC with length of hospital stay. METHOD: We prospectively evaluated 45 @entity1 (49  16 years; @entity497 group) and 20 healthy subjects (53  17 years; control group). They were randomized to perform, on separate days, a 6-minute walk test (6MWT), a test of @entity121 , and the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). Additionally, the SF-36 questionnaire and the MRC scale were completed and evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the groups ( @entity497 and controls) for the 6MWT (381.3  108 vs. 587.1  86.8 m) and @entity1062 (272.8  104.3 vs. 174  39 sec). The @entity497 group also presented worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores, reduced strength (quadriceps and biceps), and higher scores of @entity1353 . The time required to perform the @entity1062 correlated with the length of hospital stay (r=0.35, P=0.02) and @entity1353 (r=0.36, P=0.02). Significant correlations were observed between @entity1062 and 6MWT (r=-0.66, P=0.0001) and between @entity1062 with the physical functioning domain of SF-36 (r=-0.51, P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 hospitalized for @entity497 presented with reduced FC, @entity121 , and HRQoL during hospitalization. In addition, @entity1062 performance was related to the length of hospital stay.

title: XXXX hospitalized for @entity497 present reduced functional performance.

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['Glittre test', 'GT']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'peripheral muscle strength']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity10233 is a new inhalation anesthetic having especially desirable recovery characteristics because of its very low blood and tissue solubility. Investigations of its cardiovascular and electroencephalographic effects have revealed actions similar to those of @entity5161 . However, these studies did not evaluate the potential of @entity10233 to predispose the heart to @entity1425 -induced @entity943 . In this investigation, we studied eight domestic @entity1707 to compare the effects of @entity10233 with those of other anesthetics on the cardiac arrhythmogenic actions of intravenously infused @entity1425 . @entity10233 , @entity5161 , and @entity1508 each were given, on separate days, at 0.7-0.8 and at 1.1-1.2 MAC. The rate of infusion of @entity1425 needed to produce @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) when the animals were anesthetized with @entity10233 (6.9 +/- 0.7 and 6.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 at 0.8 and 1.2 MAC) did not differ from that during @entity5161 anesthesia (5.7 +/- 1.1 and 6.0 +/- 1.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 at 0.7 and 1.1 MAC), but was greater than that required during @entity1508 anesthesia (1.3 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 at 0.7 and 1.1 MAC). Similar mean arterial blood pressures and heart rates resulted from like infusions of @entity1425 during @entity10233 and @entity5161 anesthesia. @entity1540 occurred at lesser infusion rates of @entity1425 and at lower mean arterial blood pressures and heart rates with @entity1508 than with @entity10233 or @entity5161 . Anesthetic concentration, over the range studied, did not alter the infusion rate of @entity1425 required to produce @entity943 with any anesthetic. The authors conclude that @entity10233 and @entity5161 have similar properties with respect to @entity1425 -induced @entity943 and increases in heart rate and arterial blood pressure.

title: XXXX -induced @entity1540 and changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate during I-653, @entity5161 , and @entity1508 anesthesia in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['Epinephrine']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that components of the extracellular matrix can induce neurite extension and cell adhesion in the @entity521 x @entity11 hybrid cell line, NG108-15. Using standard intracellular recording techniques, we examined the resting membrane potential (RMP) and membrane excitability of @entity19 cells differentiated under serum-free media with representative extracellular matrix (ECM) protein components as the substrate. Surfaces coated with collagen IV and a laminin-1 synthetic peptide induced a significantly (P < 0.05) more hyperpolarized RMP than control @entity852 surfaces. For example, after > or =8 days in culture @entity19 cells plated on @entity852 exhibited a RMP of -33.2+/-0.8 mV (mean+/-SEM, n=158 cells) whereas cells cultured on the laminin-1 peptide C16 and collagen IV showed a RMP of -37.6+/-0.7 mV (n=157) and -37.5+/-1.5 mV (n=68), respectively. Furthermore, the proportions of cells on ECM substrates showing membrane excitability, i.e. evoked action potentials (APs) and the capability for regular firing, were significantly greater compared to those cells cultured on @entity852 . Among excitable cells cultured on the different substrates, characteristics of the action potentials, such as AP duration, amplitude, and the maximum rate of rise, dV/dtMAX, were examined in detail. While little or no differences were observed between @entity852 and the laminin-1 peptide groups, significant differences in the AP parameters were apparent for collagen IV. For example, dV/dtMAX for @entity852 and the laminin-1 peptide C16 were only 71.7+/-24.5 V/s (n=11) and 59.0+/-8.9 V/s (n=9), respectively, whereas cells cultured on collagen IV surfaces exhibited a dV/dtMAX reaching 156.1+/-22.0 V/s (n=7). These data support a role for ECM components in the maintenance of the RMP and membrane excitability in @entity19 cells.

title: Influence of extracellular matrix proteins on membrane potentials and excitability in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['NG108-15']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inflammatory masses of the @entity788 head are a dilemma for surgeons, especially when the differences between these lesions and @entity788 are not so clear. The surgical management of these inflammatory benign lesions is also a topic with conflicting opinions. A clinical analysis was performed in an attempt to differentiate between these lesions and @entity5 . The results of our observatory strategy of these lesions are also presented. METHODOLOGY: From 1992 to 1994, 73 @entity1 with ultrasonographically (US) or computed tomographically (CT) heterogenous @entity660 were diagnosed at the Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Forty-nine of these lesions were neoplastic (Group I), but the remaining 24 @entity1 had @entity1313 ( @entity788 inflammatory masses, IPM, Group II), which were diagnosed during laparotomy by core needle biopsy. Surgery and outcome were reviewed. Ten of the 24 @entity1 in group II received biopsy only, and the remaining 14 @entity1 received bypass procedures. At follow-up of at least 16 months of the surviving @entity1 (n=21), only 9.5% were with residual lesions. All cases in group II revealed shrinkage of masses. We focused on the clinical features, hematology, biochemistry, image study, serum @entity787 and CA 19-9, and compared these variances between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Three clinical features were statistically different between groups I and II: mean age at presentation of disease (group I vs II = 53.3 vs 65.1), the tendency of a past history of @entity988 (Group II), and presence of @entity490 (Group II). Group II also showed a higher level of serum alkaline phosphatase and a lower level of total @entity648 as well as a lower level of CA19-9. These inflammatory masses could not be distinguished from the true neoplasms pre-operatively on endoscopic appearance, US, or CT. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative differentiation between these @entity660 may be difficult but laparotomy and core needle biopsy remain safe and reliable procedures. Our short-term follow-up justified the bypass surgery and that observatory strategy is enough for those @entity1 with @entity788 head inflammatory masses.

title: Clinical analysis of inflammatory masses of the XXXX head region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic', 'pancreatic head carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory non-neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head lesions', 'pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic']


abstract: A battery of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against the triplet of identified neurofilament protein subunits was used to investigate neurofilament protein immunoreactivity in neurons of the @entity840 coeliac ganglion. Using optimal conditions of fixation and tissue processing for each antibody we found that only 20% of the postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the @entity840 coeliac ganglion contain neurofilament protein-triplet immunoreactivity. Double labelling with neurofilament protein-triplet antibodies raised in different species demonstrated that all of these antibodies labelled the same population of neurons. Double labelling using mouse monoclonal antibodies against neurofilament proteins in combination with rabbit polyclonals to neuronal markers showed that neurofilament protein-triplet immunoreactivity is restricted to specific chemically coded subpopulations of noradrenergic neurons. Approximately 52% of neurons in the ganglion contain neuropeptide Y and are presumed vasomotor neurons projecting to blood vessels in the submucosa of the small intestine. Virtually none of the neuropeptide Y-containing neurons were labelled with neurofilament protein-triplet antibodies. Neurons that contain @entity1943 (21%) project to the submucous ganglia of the small intestine. Approximately two-thirds of neurons containing @entity1943 are immunoreactive for the neurofilament protein-triplet. The other postganglionic neurons in the ganglion (27%) project to the myenteric plexus of the small intestine and do not contain either neuropeptide Y or @entity1943 . Approximately a quarter of these neurons were labelled with neurofilament protein-triplet antibodies. These results suggest that the neurofilament protein-triplet may not be an intrinsic component of the cytoskeleton of all neurons. Furthermore the idea of a chemical coding of neurons should be extended to cytoskeletal proteins. The finding that these neurofilament proteins are confined to specific neuronal subpopulations has important implications for the search for a role of the neurofilament protein-triplet in neurons, for the interpretation of classical neurohistological silver impregnation techniques which appear to stain only neurofilament protein-triplet-containing neurons, as well as for neuropathological conditions that may involve these proteins in disease processes.

title: Neurofilament protein-triplet immunoreactivity in distinct subpopulations of peptide-containing neurons in the XXXX coeliac ganglion.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']