abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity123 ( @entity123 ) has been observed in @entity1 with @entity1717 ( @entity1717 ), a condition of hypoglycaemia characterised by dysregulated insulin secretion, but the prevalence is not known. @entity1 AND METHODS: Cardiac assessment was performed in @entity1 (n=49) with @entity1717 at diagnosis and follow-up. Two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography studies were used to assess cardiac structures, while M-mode study was used to measure left ventricular (LV) dimensions, subsequently converted to Z scores. Where possible, @entity4346 was confirmed by LV mass index (g/m(2.7)) >95th centile. RESULTS: @entity299 were found in 14 (28%) @entity1 . At initial echocardiography, @entity123 was present in 31 (65%) @entity1 with median (range) LV posterior wall dimension in diastole Z scores of +1.6 (-2.4 to +5.8) and interventricular septal wall dimension in end diastole Z scores of +1.9 (-1.7 to +17.2). At follow-up echocardiography, performed after an interval of 178 (45-390) days, @entity123 persisted in 16 (33%) @entity1 . In regression analysis, the presence of @entity123 (odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) 1.1 (1.0-1.2), P=0.04) at initial echocardiography was correlated with maximum @entity413 requirement at diagnosis, indicating that severity of @entity1717 at presentation may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity123 . CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of @entity1 with @entity1717 have @entity299 . A majority also have @entity123 , which may be associated with the severity of @entity1717 at diagnosis. @entity123 may persist in some @entity1 , which requires careful long-term cardiac review.

title: The association of cardiac @entity123 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['CHI', 'congenital hyperinsulinism']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac structural lesions', 'cardiac structural lesions']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular hypertrophy', 'VH']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1717 :: (MESH:D044903,Disease) :: ['congenital hyperinsulinism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 ( @entity213 ), persistence of cervical @entity3018 following organ-preservation therapy is a strong predictor of locoregional failure. Squamous cell granulomas of the neck may represent a regressed state of metastatic @entity213 ; however, relevant clinicopathologic features of this lesion including its morphologic characteristics, association with therapy, and relationship to disease progression are not well defined. METHODS: We reviewed 866 consecutive neck dissections performed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1984 to 1996. A total of eight cases showing a foreign-body giant-cell reaction to keratin in the absence of viable @entity5 formed the basis of this study. RESULTS: All eight cases were from @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity213 with concurrent neck masses. @entity1 were initially treated by chemotherapy (n = 1), radiotherapy (n = 1), or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (n = 6); and all @entity1 subsequently underwent neck dissection for persistence of their neck masses. Histologically, the neck lesions were characterized by a foreign-body giant-cell reaction to keratin and extensive @entity2318 . None (0%) of the @entity1 developed recurrent regional disease in the treated neck. Two (25%) of the @entity1 had @entity5 recurrence at the primary site. Two (25%) of the @entity1 developed widely metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that squamous cell granulomas represent histologic regression of @entity957 in @entity1 with @entity213 treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Although persistent cervical @entity3018 is an established risk factor for locoregional failure in this group of @entity1 , squamous cell @entity135 may reflect enhanced regional @entity5 sensitivity to cytotoxic agents.

title: Squamous cell granulomas of the neck: histologic regression of XXXX following chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'granulomas of the neck paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6897 ( @entity6897 ) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis by controlling several functions in both @entity5 cells and the immune system, and is considered to be a @entity5 suppressor. The present study evaluated the activity of @entity6897 in @entity1 @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). METHODS: @entity6897 activity was measured in nuclear extracts of @entity5 tissues from 35 @entity3557 @entity1 using an ELISA-based kit. RESULTS: @entity6897 activity was significantly lower in @entity5 than in the surrounding normal thyroid tissues (P < 0.01). The association between @entity6897 activity and clinicopathologic factors was analyzed in @entity3557 tissues. @entity6897 activity was significantly lower in @entity5 that measured 2 cm or more than in @entity5 that measured 2 cm or less (P = 0.044). Moreover, @entity5 size was inversely correlated with @entity6897 activity (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho) = -0.34, P = 0.048). In addition, @entity5 with @entity817 mutations showed lower @entity6897 activity than wild-type @entity817 @entity5 [0.064 (0.056-0.124) vs. 0.108 (0.073-0.153) arbitrary units, P = 0.048]. CONCLUSION: @entity6897 activity is suppressed in PTCs (as measured by DNA-binding activities). The @entity5 with @entity22191 @entity817 mutation and @entity5 sizes of 2 cm or more were clinicopathologic parameters associated with lower @entity6897 activity. @entity6897 activity of @entity5 might be one of potential biomarkers for @entity3557 's.

title: Association between @entity6897 activity and XXXX mutations in @entity3557 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6897 :: ('6772', 'Gene') :: ['STAT1', 'Signal transducer and activator of transcription-1']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expectations for recovery are a known predictor for returning to work. Most studies seem to conclude that the higher the expectancy the better the outcome. However, the development of expectations over time is rarely researched and experimental studies show that realistic expectations rather than high expectancies are the most adaptive. This study aims to explore patterns of stability and change in expectations for recovery during the first weeks of a back- @entity158 episode and how these patterns relate to other psychological variables and outcome. METHODS: The study included 496 volunteer @entity1 seeking treatment for work-related, @entity615 . The @entity1 were measured with self-report scales of @entity308 , fear of @entity158 , life impact of @entity158 , @entity16839 and expectations for recovery at two time points. A follow-up focusing on recovery and return to work was conducted 3 months later. A cluster analysis was conducted, categorizing the data on the trajectories of recovery expectations. RESULTS: Cluster analysis revealed four clusters regarding the development of expectations for recovery during a 2-week period after @entity158 onset. Three out of four clusters showed stability in their expectations as well as corresponding levels of proximal psychological factors. The fourth cluster showed increases in distress and a decrease in expectations for recovery. This cluster also has poor odds ratios for returning to work and recovery. CONCLUSION: Decreases in expectancies for recovery seem as important as baseline values in terms of outcome, which has clinical and theoretical implications.

title: When the wind goes out of the sail - declining recovery expectations in the first weeks of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['acute back pain']

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophizing']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: Local recurrence is the most frequent site of failure after resection for @entity788 . We reported our experience in term of tolerance, local control and survival obtained by the association of resection and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). Between January 1985 and July 1996 152 resection for @entity788 were performed at the authors' institution. For 77 @entity1 , IORT was added to resection (group 1), whereas the other 75 @entity1 underwent resection alone (group 2), because of either the unavailability of the linear accelerator or the @entity1 's refusal. In group 1, radiation doses from 12.5 to 20 Gy, with electron beam energies between 6 and 12 MeV, were delivered. Extension of the disease, percentage of radical resection and postoperative chemotherapy were similar in the two groups of @entity1 . Operative mortality and overall early postoperative complications were respectively 1.3% and 31.2% in group 1 and 4% and 32% in group 2. The median survival was 17 months in group 1 and 15 months in group 2 and the median disease free survival was 12 months in group 1 and 8 months in group 2. A local recurrence was detected in 31% of @entity1 in group 1 and in 49.3% of @entity1 in group 2 (p < 0.1). The results suggest a better local control in @entity1 with @entity788 undergoing adjuvant IORT.

title: [Intraoperative radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment for resection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery has been used to treat persistent @entity158 and dysfunction at the base of the thumb. However, there is no evidence to suggest that any one surgical procedure is superior to another. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of surgery in reducing @entity158 and improving physical function, @entity1 global assessment, range of motion, and strength in @entity1 with trapeziometacarpal @entity571 at 12 months. Additionally, it was the reviewers intention to investigate whether there was any improvement or deterioration in outcomes between the 12 months review and a 5 year follow-up. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the the following databases in the Cochrane Library 2004, Issue 4: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) as well as MEDLINE (1966-Dec 2004), CINAHL (1982-Dec 2004), AMED (1985-Dec 2004), and EMBASE (1974-Dec 2004). Database searches were supplemented by hand searching conference proceedings and reference lists from reviews and papers. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were included if they were: randomised, quasi-randomised or controlled trials; intervention was surgery; and @entity158 , physical function, @entity1 global assessment, range of motion, or strength was measured as an outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent reviewers examined the identified studies according to the inclusion criteria. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality and then data, including adverse effects, was extracted and cross-checked. Authors were contacted to provide missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Seven studies involving 384 @entity1 were included. Studies of five surgical procedures were identified (trapeziectomy, trapeziectomy with interpositional arthroplasty, trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction, trapeziectomy with @entity924 ( @entity924 ), and joint replacement). All studies reported results of a mixed group of @entity1 with Stage II-IV @entity571 , with a range of improvement across all stages of 27 to 57 mm on a 0-100 VAS scale for @entity158 and 18-24 mm on a 0-100 VAS scale for physical function. No procedure demonstrated any superiority over another in terms of @entity158 , physical function, @entity1 global assessment, range of motion or strength. However, @entity1 who underwent trapeziectomy had 16% fewer adverse effects (p=0<.001) than the other commonly-used procedures studied in this review; conversely, those who underwent trapeziectomy with @entity924 had 11% more (p=0.03) (including scar tenderness, @entity924 or @entity397 , sensory change, or Complex Regional @entity158 Syndrome (Type 1). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: No one procedure produced greater strength than any other. Although this also appears to be the case for @entity158 and physical function, there was insufficient evidence to be conclusive. Trapeziectomy is safer and has fewer complications than the other procedures studied in this review, and conversely trapeziectomy with @entity924 has more.

title: Surgery for thumb (trapeziometacarpal joint) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition', 'tendon adhesion', 'LRTI']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: The excretion of live, attenuated @entity9925 vaccine strains was determined in the feces of Prague @entity1 home @entity1 given 10(5) PFU of type 1 and 2 and 2.10(5) PFU of type 3 vaccine in a routine annual mass campaign. The first two faeces specimens examined in each vaccinee prior to immunization were negative for the virus. A total of 476 stool specimens were collected from 37 @entity1 at weekly intervals for a period of 18 weeks. The presence of type 1 @entity9925 in the faeces of @entity1 given monovalent type 1 vaccine was detectable for 9 weeks, with a maximum in first week, and the virus was isolated in 74.2% of vaccinees. The timing of bivalent type 2 and type 3 vaccine was 9 weeks after monovalent type 1 immunization. The excretion of these two types of @entity9925 was found to persist for at least 6 weeks. Type 2 @entity9925 was isolated in all vaccinees, type 3 in 70.4% of @entity1 . The highest percentage of @entity1 excreting type 2 @entity9925 was recorded in the first week, the excretion of type 3 peaked three weeks after bivaccine administration. The excretion peaks were reached relatively early postvaccination, with type @entity9925 reaching the highest titre per 1 g of faeces. After revaccination (one year later) with monovalent type 1 vaccine, the vaccine strain of type 1 @entity9925 could be detected for 6 weeks and was present in the highest percentage of positive stool samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Excretion of live attenuated polioviruses in the faeces of orally vaccinated XXXX . Comparison of two immunization schedules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Infants']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lipopeptide antibiotic, @entity13757 ( @entity6136 ) interacts with the bacterial @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Development of @entity6136 resistance during therapy in a clinical strain of @entity797 was associated with mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in cell envelope homeostasis and phospholipid metabolism. Here we characterized changes in @entity1358 phospholipid profiles associated with development of @entity6136 resistance in clinical enterococcal strains. METHODOLOGY: Using two clinical @entity6475 of @entity6136 -susceptible and @entity6136 -resistant @entity797 (S613 vs. R712) and @entity6375 (S447 vs. R446) recovered before and after @entity6136 therapy, we compared four distinct @entity1358 profiles: phospholipid content, @entity844 composition, membrane fluidity and capacity to be permeabilized and/or depolarized by @entity6136 . Additionally, we characterized the cell envelope of the @entity6375 -pair by transmission electron microscopy and determined the relative cell surface charge of both @entity6475 . PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Both @entity797 and @entity6375 mainly contained four major @entity1358 PLs: @entity3634 (PG), @entity6894 , @entity45671 ( @entity4995 ) and glycerolphospho-diglycodiacylglycerol (GP-DGDAG). In addition, @entity797 CMs (but not @entity6375 ) also contained: i) @entity8558 ; and ii) two other unknown species of @entity1472 -containing PLs. Development of @entity6136 resistance in both enterococcal species was associated with a significant decrease in @entity1358 and PG content, with a concomitant increase in GP-DGDAG. The @entity6475 did not differ in their outer @entity1358 translocation (flipping) of @entity1472 -containing PLs. @entity844 content did not change in the @entity797 -pair, whereas a significant decrease in @entity1474 was observed in the @entity6136 -resistant @entity6375 isolate R446 (vs S447). Resistance to @entity6136 in @entity6375 was associated with distinct structural alterations of the cell envelope and cell wall thickening, as well as a decreased ability of @entity6136 to depolarize and permeabilize the @entity1358 . CONCLUSION: Distinct alterations in PL content and @entity844 composition are associated with development of enterococcal @entity6136 resistance.

title: XXXX resistance in enterococci is associated with distinct alterations of @entity1358 phospholipid content.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity45671 :: ('MESH:C002285', 'Chemical') :: ['lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis', 'E. faecalis strain']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['cell membrane', 'CM fluidity', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['strain-pairs']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['daptomycin']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['E. faecium', 'E. faecium strain']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity13757 :: (MESH:D017576,Chemical) :: ['Daptomycin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a double-blind trial to determine whether a single intramuscular injection of @entity15992 prevents @entity410 and @entity16 in @entity1 with acute @entity772 . METHODS: We conducted this study at Kilifi District Hospital in coastal Kenya and Kondele @entity1 's Hospital in western Kenya. We recruited @entity1 (age, 9 months to 13 years) with acute nontraumatic @entity772 . We administered @entity15992 (20 @entity3174 equivalents/kg) or placebo and examined the prevalence and frequency of clinical @entity410 and occurrence of @entity149 . RESULTS: We recruited 173 @entity1 (median age, 2.6 [interquartile range, 1.7-3.7] years) into the study; 110 had @entity6197 , 8 had @entity4008 , and 55 had @entity75 of unknown etiology. Eighty-five @entity1 received @entity15992 and 88 received placebo. Thirty-three (38%) @entity1 who received @entity15992 had at least 1 @entity410 compared with 32 (36%) who received placebo (P = .733). Eighteen (21%) and 15 (17%) @entity1 died in the @entity15992 and placebo arms, respectively (P = .489). At 3 months after discharge, 6 (10%) @entity1 in the @entity15992 arm had @entity16 compared with 6 (10%) in the placebo arm (P = .952). CONCLUSION: A single intramuscular injection of @entity15992 (20 phenytoin equivalents/kg) does not prevent @entity410 or @entity51 in childhood acute nontraumatic @entity772 .

title: @entity15992 for @entity410 prevention in childhood XXXX in Africa: a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity15992 :: ('MESH:C043114', 'Chemical') :: ['fosphenytoin']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic sequelae']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive sequelae']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: We used quantitative computed tomography and finite element analysis to classify @entity1 with and without @entity173 . Highly accurate classifications were achieved indicating the potential for these methods to be used for subject-specific assessment of @entity174 risk. INTRODUCTION: Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is the current clinical diagnostic standard for assessing @entity174 risk; however, many @entity174 occur in @entity1 not defined as osteoporotic by aBMD. Finite element (FE) analysis based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT) images takes into account both bone material and structural properties to provide subject-specific estimates of bone strength. Thus, our objective was to determine if FE estimates of bone strength could classify @entity1 with and without @entity173 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity2249 and 15 @entity1 with @entity173 along with 35 age-matched controls were scanned with QCT at the hip. Since it is unknown how a specific subject will fall, FE analysis was used to estimate bone stiffness and bone failure load under loading configurations with femoral neck internal rotation angles ranging from -30   to 45   with 15   intervals. Support vector machine (SVM) models and a tenfold cross-validation scheme were used to classify the subjects with and without @entity174 . RESULTS: High accuracy was achieved when using only FE analysis for classifying the @entity1 with and without @entity174 both when the @entity174 types were pooled (82.9 %) and when analyzed separately by @entity2249 (87.5 %) and trochanteric @entity174 (80.0 %). The accuracy was further increased when FE analysis was combined with volumetric BMD (pooled @entity174 accuracy, 91.4 %) CONCLUSIONS: While larger prospective studies are needed, these results demonstrate that FE analysis using multiple loading configurations together with SVM models can accurately classify individuals with previous @entity173 .

title: Classification of @entity1 with and without XXXX based on quantitative computed tomography and finite element analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Inhalation challenge with @entity27983 ( @entity35419 ) is often used to diagnose @entity117 -induced @entity565 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the specificity and safety of performing @entity35419 inhalation challenge with a dosimeter. Twenty-four subjects entered the study: ten @entity1281 -sensitive @entity748 @entity1 , seven non- @entity1281 -sensitive @entity748 @entity1 , and seven normal control subjects. The investigation was performed on two consecutive days. On day 1 a dosimeter inhalation test with @entity2710 was performed to establish the provocation dose (PD20). On day 2, @entity1 underwent the @entity35419 inhalation test, whereby increasing doses of @entity35419 (from 1 to 32 mg cumulative dose) were inhaled using a dosimeter and a dose response curve was constructed. In subjects negative to the top dose, an additional oral dose of 500 mg of @entity117 was administered to exclude @entity117 sensitivity not revealed with the inhaled drug. The ten @entity1281 -sensitive @entity748 @entity1 developed early reactions within 30 minutes of PD20 administration. Recovery time from induced bronchoconstriction varied from two to three hours to six hours or longer resulting in an "early prolonged reaction." The response was limited to airways. No clear late reactions were observed. There was no correlation between PD20 with @entity2710 and PD20 with @entity35419 . The @entity35419 challenge was negative in the seven non- @entity1281 -sensitive @entity748 @entity1 and in the seven normal control subjects. In conclusion the dosimeter method is sensitive, specific, and safe for the detection of @entity117 -induced @entity565 .

title: Dosimeter inhalation test with @entity27983 for the detection of @entity117 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27983 :: ('MESH:C010395', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine acetylsalicylate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity1486 is a well-studied model system for @entity1568 fixation in bacteria. Regulation of @entity1568 fixation in A. vinelandii is independent of NtrB/NtrC, a conserved @entity1568 regulatory system in proteobacteria. Previous work showed that an ntrC mutation in A. vinelandii resulted in a loss of induction of assimilatory @entity1507 and @entity3542 reductases encoded by the nasAB operon. In addition to NtrC, several other proteins, including NasT, a protein containing a potential RNA-binding domain ANTAR (AmiR and NasR transcription antitermination regulators), have been implicated in nasAB regulation. In this work, we characterize the sequence upstream of nasA and identify several DNA sequence elements, including two potential NtrC binding sites and a putative intrinsic transcriptional terminator upstream of nasA that are potentially involved in nasAB regulation. Our analyses confirm that the nasAB promoter, P(nasA), is under NtrC control. However, unlike NtrC-regulated promoters in enteric bacteria, P(nasA) shows high activity in the presence of @entity3104 ; in addition, the P(nasA) activity is altered in the nifA gene mutation background. We discuss the implication of these results on NtrC-mediated regulation in A. vinelandii. Our study provides direct evidence that induction of nasAB is regulated by NasT-mediated antitermination, which occurs within the leader region of the operon. The results also support the hypothesis that NasT binds the promoter proximal hairpin of nasAB for its regulatory function, which contributes to the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ANTAR-containing antiterminators.

title: NasT-mediated antitermination plays an essential role in the regulation of the assimilatory @entity1507 reductase operon in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Species') :: ['Azotobacter vinelandii']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Species) :: ['Azotobacter vinelandii']


abstract: @entity28 is highly associated with the development of insulin resistance and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Recently we found that adipolin/CRTP12 is an adipocytokine that exerts beneficial actions on @entity413 metabolism. Here we investigated the regulation of circulating adipolin under conditions of @entity28 and assessed its potential mechanisms. Both full and cleaved forms of adipolin were observed in @entity19 plasma. Diet-induced @entity28 (DIO) @entity19 showed a significant reduction of plasma levels of full and total (full and cleaved) adipolin compared with control @entity19 , resulting in an increase in the ratio of cleaved to full isoform. In vitro gene transfection studies using HEK293 cells revealed that a deletion mutant of adipolin gene (  aa90-93) caused a reduction of cleaved production of adipolin in media. A bioinformatics analysis of adipolin @entity535 sequence indicated the potential involvement of the family of proprotein convertases (PCs) in cleavage of adipolin. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with an inhibitor for PCs abolished the expression of cleaved adipolin form in the media. The expression of @entity31253 , the member of PCs, was increased in adipose tissue of DIO @entity19 . @entity31253 expression was also increased in cultured adipocytes by treatment with an inducer of @entity32 . These data suggest that @entity28 states facilitate the cleavage of adipolin presumably through upregulation of @entity31253 in adipose tissue.

title: Regulation of adipolin/CTRP12 cleavage by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare coagulation test results, @entity190 , and blood product transfusions between @entity1 receiving prophylactic @entity929 ( @entity930 ) and a control group matched for age, resternotomy, and surgery in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: University-affiliated, pediatric medical center. @entity1 : Same study period; 70 @entity1 in @entity930 group and 70 @entity1 in control group. INTERVENTIONS: Prophylactic @entity930 administered intravenously (load, 150 mg/kg, infusion; 30 mg/kg/h) to 70 @entity1 at increased risk for @entity548 (reoperation or Ross procedure). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Coagulation test values were measured before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Intraoperative @entity190 , @entity86 , and allogenic blood product transfusions were recorded. Comparison of demographic and surgical data indicated close matching of the @entity930 and control groups. The @entity930 group ([median, 25th to 75th quartile] 15.6 mL/kg; 9.2 to 26.3 mL/kg) had less intraoperative @entity190 than the control group (22.2 mL/kg; 14.3 to 36.3 mL/kg; p = 0.02). Postoperative chest tube output at 6 hours (p = 0.08), 12 hours (p = 0.07), and 24 hours (p = 0.08) was not significantly different between groups. Fewer @entity930 group @entity1 required reexploration for @entity548 (p < 0.05). There was no difference between groups in blood products transfused (in milliliters per kilogram or allogenic exposure per @entity1 ). Thromboelastography values (maximum amplitude [MA], whole blood clot lysis index at 30 minutes after MA) during CPB were better preserved in the @entity930 group. CONCLUSION: @entity930 reduced intraoperative @entity190 but did not significantly decrease blood product transfusions. Lack of efficacy may be related to relative underdosing and should be further studied.

title: Efficacy of XXXX in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon-aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative chest tube output']

answer: @entity929 :: (MESH:D015119,Chemical) :: ['epsilon-aminocaproic acid']


abstract: Changes in serum @entity1011 concentration and @entity644 over a period of 12 months were analysed retrospectively in hypertensives in @entity177 , 39 treated with conversion-enzyme inhibitors and 41 treated with other antihypertensives. The occasionally recorded blood pressures were comparable in the two groups. Median serum @entity1011 levels in the @entity1 treated with conversion-enzyme inhibitors rose from 2.33 mg/100 ml (range 1.5-5.5) after one month acutely by 0.4 mg/100 ml and then remained essentially constant. In nine @entity1 the level was higher by greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/100 ml after 12 months than at the beginning of treatment. @entity644 did not show any identifiable changes. On the other hand, in those @entity1 treated with other antihypertensives, median serum @entity1011 concentration rose gradually over 12 months from 2.4 mg/100 ml (range 1.5-6.0) to 3.45 mg/100 ml (1.5-12.9). In 18 patients the serum @entity1011 level rose by less than or equal to 0.5 mg/100 ml. Five @entity1 developed side effects to conversion-enzyme inhibitors, but none required discontinuation of treatment. It is concluded that the use of conversion-enzyme inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity177 is effective and largely safe. It apparently causes less of a rise in serum @entity1011 than other antihypertensives.

title: [Conversion enzyme inhibitors in the antihypertensive treatment of XXXX with @entity177 ].

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Plants modified to express insecticidal proteins from @entity11137 (referred to as Bt-protected plants) provide a safe and highly effective method of insect control. Bt-protected @entity4336 , @entity2708 , and @entity415 were introduced into the United States in 1995/1996 and grown on a total of approximately 10 million acres in 1997, 20 million acres in 1998, and 29 million acres globally in 1999. The extremely rapid adoption of these Bt-protected crops demonstrates the outstanding grower satisfaction of the performance and value of these products. These crops provide highly effective control of major insect pests such as the @entity33167 , southwestern @entity4336 borer, @entity13708 , @entity13708 , pink bollworm, and Colorado @entity415 beetle and reduce reliance on conventional chemical pesticides. They have provided notably higher yields in @entity2708 and @entity4336 . The estimated total net savings to the grower using Bt-protected @entity2708 in the United States was approximately  92 million in 1998. Other benefits of these crops include reduced levels of the fungal toxin @entity20695 in @entity4336 and the opportunity for supplemental pest control by beneficial insects due to the reduced use of broad-spectrum insecticides. Insect resistance management plans are being implemented to ensure the prolonged effectiveness of these products. Extensive testing of Bt-protected crops has been conducted which establishes the safety of these products to @entity1 , animals, and the environment. Acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicology studies conducted over the past 40 years establish the safety of the microbial Bt products, including their expressed insecticidal (Cry) proteins, which are fully approved for marketing. @entity1 toxicology and digestive fate studies, which have been conducted with the proteins produced in the currently approved Bt-protected plant products, have confirmed that these Cry proteins are nontoxic to @entity1 and pose no significant concern for allergenicity. Food and feed derived from Bt-protected crops which have been fully approved by regulatory agencies have been shown to be substantially equivalent to the food and feed derived from conventional crops. Nontarget organisms exposed to high levels of Cry protein are virtually unaffected, except for certain insects that are closely related to the target pests. Because the Cry protein is contained within the plant (in microgram quantities), the potential for exposure to farm workers and nontarget organisms is extremely low. The Cry proteins produced in Bt-protected crops have been shown to rapidly degrade when crop residue is incorporated into the soil. Thus the environmental impact of these crops is negligible. The @entity1 and environmental safety of Bt-protected crops is further supported by the long history of safe use for Bt microbial pesticides around the world.

title: Safety and advantages of XXXX -protected plants to control insect pests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity13708 :: ('29058', 'Species') :: ['cotton bollworm', 'tobacco budworm']

entities_list: @entity20695 :: ('CHEBI:38224', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin']

entities_list: @entity33167 :: ('29057', 'Species') :: ['European corn borer']

answer: @entity11137 :: (1428,Species) :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1547 is an @entity166 which results from the acidic demineralisation of the tooth enamel and dentine as a consequence of the @entity2413 (a microbial biofilm) accumulation. Research showed that several foods contain some components with antibacterial and antiplaque activity. Previous studies indicated antimicrobial and antiplaque activities in a low-molecular-mass (LMM) fraction of extracts from either an edible mushroom (Lentinus edodes) or from Italian red chicory (Cichorium intybus). METHODS: We have evaluated the antimicrobial mode of action of these fractions on @entity6586 , the etiological agent of human @entity1547 . The effects on shape, macromolecular syntheses and cell proteome were analysed. RESULTS: The best antimicrobial activity has been displayed by the LMM mushroom extract with a bacteriostatic effect. At the MIC of both extracts DNA synthesis was the main macromolecular synthesis inhibited, RNA synthesis was less inhibited than that of DNA and protein synthesis was inhibited only by roughly 50%. The partial inhibition of protein synthesis is compatible with the observed significant increase in cell mass. The increase in these parameters is linked to the morphological alteration with transition from cocci of the untreated control to elongated cells. Interestingly, these modifications were also observed at sub-MIC concentrations. Finally, membrane and cytosol proteome analysis was conducted under LMM mushroom extract treatment in comparison with untreated @entity6586 cells. Significant changes were observed for 31 membrane proteins and 20 of the cytosol fractions. The possible role of the changed proteins is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: This report has shown an antibiotic-like mode of action of mushroom and chicory extracts as demonstrated by induced morphogenetic effects and inhibition of specific macromolecular synthesis. This feature as well as the safe use of this extract as result of its natural origin render the LMM both mushroom and chicory extracts suitable for the formulation into products for daily oral hygiene such as mouthwashes or toothpastes.

title: Effects of mushroom and chicory extracts on the shape, physiology and proteome of the cariogenic bacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['dental plaque']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Dental caries', 'dental caries']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: Biodiversity loss and climate change secondary to @entity1 activities are now being associated with various adverse health effects. However, less attention is being paid to the effects of biodiversity loss on environmental and commensal (indigenous) microbiotas. Metagenomic and other studies of healthy and diseased individuals reveal that reduced biodiversity and alterations in the composition of the gut and skin microbiota are associated with various inflammatory conditions, including @entity565 , @entity56 and @entity29 ( @entity29 ), type1 @entity6 , and @entity28 . Altered indigenous microbiota and the general microbial deprivation characterizing the lifestyle of urban @entity1 in affluent countries appear to be risk factors for immune @entity10204 and impaired tolerance. The risk is further enhanced by physical inactivity and a western diet poor in fresh fruit and vegetables, which may act in synergy with dysbiosis of the gut flora. Studies of immigrants moving from non-affluent to affluent regions indicate that tolerance mechanisms can rapidly become impaired in microbe-poor environments. The data on microbial deprivation and @entity1200 as they relate to biodiversity loss are evaluated in this Statement of @entity566 ( @entity566 ). We propose that biodiversity, the variability among living organisms from all sources are closely related, at both the macro- and micro-levels. Loss of the macrodiversity is associated with shrinking of the microdiversity, which is associated with alterations of the indigenous microbiota. Data on behavioural means to induce tolerance are outlined and a proposal made for a Global Allergy Plan to prevent and reduce the @entity566 for affected individuals and the societies in which they live.

title: The biodiversity hypothesis and XXXX : world allergy organization position statement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['global allergy burden', 'WAO', 'World Allergy Organization']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of an endoscopic antireflux procedure in @entity1 with recurrent acute @entity2885 and no evidence of @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) on voiding cystograms. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1989 to 1999, 603 female @entity1 were hospitalized for acute @entity2885 with @entity158 , chills, fever, and a positive urine culture. Of these @entity1 , 48 (8%) had recurrent episodes of acute @entity2885 and underwent a thorough diagnostic work-up including intravenous urography or renal CT scan, cystoscopy, and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). @entity3025 was demonstrated in 21 @entity1 , who were then offered an antireflux procedure, either surgical or endoscopic. Another 27 @entity1 had no reflux on VCUG; in 15 cases, the upper urinary tract was normal, and the ureteral orifices did not show any abnormality on cystoscopy. The other 12 @entity1 in this group with a normal VCUG had one or more abnormal findings normally associated with @entity3025 : @entity8 in five and ureteral duplication in two. Golf-hole ureteral orifices were noted in two @entity1 . The intravesical ureter was short (< 5 mm) in five @entity1 . In spite of the normal VCU, we offered these @entity1 endoscopic treatment of @entity3025 by submeatal injection of Teflon or microparticulate @entity1346 (Macroplastic). The median follow-up before treatment was 4 years (range 1-15.3 years); 0.3 episodes of acute @entity2885 per @entity1 -month of follow-up were noted. The frequence of preoperative and postoperative episodes of acute @entity2885 was compared with Wilcoxon's paired analysis. The median postoperative follow-up was 3.9 years (range 1.1 months-10.2 years). RESULTS: There were no significant @entity260 . One @entity1 had two episodes of acute @entity2885 during pregnancy. On the whole, 11 @entity1 (91%) were free of recurrent @entity2885 after treatment. Overall, 0.003 episodes of acute @entity2885 per @entity1 -month of postoperative follow-up were observed. The result was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Recurrent acute @entity2885 is frequently related to @entity3025 . Intermittent reflux can be difficult to demonstrate on voiding conventional or nuclear cystograms but can be suspected in the presence of ureteral duplication, @entity8 , or abnormal ureteral orifices. Adult @entity1 with recurrent episodes of @entity293 and normal cystograms should be considered for an endoscopic antireflux procedure in the presence of anatomic abnormalities commonly associated with reflux.

title: Recurrent @entity2885 without XXXX : is there a role for an antireflux procedure?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal scarring']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesicoureteral reflux', 'Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral loin pain']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: We previously reported that @entity5 mitochondrial redox state and its heterogeneity distinguished between the aggressive and the indolent @entity0 xenografts, suggesting novel metabolic indices as biomarkers for predicting @entity5 metastatic potential. Additionally, we reported that the identified redox biomarkers successfully differentiated between the normal breast tissue and the cancerous breast tissue from @entity0 @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to further characterize intratumor heterogeneity by its distribution of mitochondrial redox state and glucose uptake pattern in @entity5 xenografts and to further investigate the metabolic heterogeneity of the clinical biopsy samples. We employed the Chance redox scanner, a multi-section cryogenic fluorescence imager to simultaneously image the intratumor heterogeneity in the mitochondrial redox state and glucose uptake at a high spatial resolution (down to 50   *   50   *   20  m(3)). The mitochondrial redox state was determined by the ratio of the intrinsic fluorescence signals from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp including FAD, i.e., flavin adenine dinucleotide), and the glucose uptake was measured using a near-infrared fluorescent glucose-analogue, pyropheophorbide 2-deoxyglucosamide (Pyro-2DG). Significant inter- and intratumor metabolic heterogeneity were observed from our imaging data on various types of @entity0 xenografts. The patterns and degrees of heterogeneity of mitochondrial redox state appeared to relate to @entity5 size and metastatic potential. The glucose uptake was also heterogeneous and generally higher in @entity5 peripheries. The oxidized and reduced regions mostly corresponded with the lower and the higher pyro-2DG uptake, respectively. However, there were some regions where the glucose uptake did not correlate with the redox indices. Pronounced glucose uptake and high NADH were observed in certain localized areas within the @entity5 necrotic regions, indicative of the existence of viable cells which was also supported by the H_E staining. Significant heterogeneity of the redox state indices was also observed in clinical specimens of @entity0 @entity1 . As abnormal metabolism including the Warburg effect (high glycolysis) plays important roles in @entity5 , our observations that reveal the 3D intratumor metabolic heterogeneity as a characteristic feature of @entity0 are of great importance for understanding @entity5 biology and developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

title: Characterizing the metabolic heterogeneity in @entity1 XXXX xenografts by 3D high resolution fluorescence imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'cancer transformation and progression']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Central tendency, the tendency of judgements of quantities (lengths, durations etc.) to gravitate towards their mean, is one of the most robust perceptual effects. A Bayesian account has recently suggested that central tendency reflects the integration of noisy sensory estimates with prior knowledge representations of a mean stimulus, serving to improve performance. The process is flexible, so prior knowledge is weighted more heavily when sensory estimates are imprecise, requiring more integration to reduce noise. In this study we measure central tendency in @entity2438 to evaluate a recent theoretical hypothesis suggesting that @entity2438 relies less on prior knowledge representations than typical perception. If true, @entity2438 @entity1 should show reduced central tendency than theoretically predicted from their temporal resolution. We tested @entity2438 and age- and ability-matched typical @entity1 in two @entity1 -friendly tasks: (1) a time interval reproduction task, measuring central tendency in the temporal domain; and (2) a time discrimination task, assessing temporal resolution. Central tendency reduced with age in typical development, while temporal resolution improved. Autistic @entity1 performed far worse in temporal discrimination than the matched controls. Computational simulations suggested that central tendency was much less in @entity2438 @entity1 than predicted by theoretical modelling, given their poor temporal resolution.

title: Central tendency effects in time interval reproduction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'autistic', 'autistic perception']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perineural invasion (PNI) plays a role in local invasion of pancreatic, biliary tract, and large intestine @entity5 and greatly affects the prognosis. Although PNI of @entity356 has been reported rarely, the authors previously reported the usefulness of immunohistochemical staining with laminin in evaluating PNI. METHOD: PNI was studied histochemically in 283 @entity1 with @entity356 of T2 or greater depth of invasion resected between 1982 and 1989. The relationships between PNI and histopathologic findings, type of recurrence, and prognosis also were studied. RESULTS: Of the 216 @entity1 who underwent resection for cure, 103 experienced @entity5 recurrence. Recurrence correlated significantly with lymphatic vessel invasion, lymph node @entity3 , and PNI. Peritoneal recurrence was found in 65 (63.1%) of the 103 @entity1 with @entity5 recurrence and correlated most significantly with PNI in T2 @entity5 . The 5-year survival rate was 71.3% for @entity1 with @entity3 , significantly higher than the 5-year survival rate (23.7%) for @entity1 with @entity3 . A multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model of the relationship between histopathologic findings and prognosis demonstrated that the presence of PNI had the greatest influence on prognosis. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of PNI is useful in determining the prognosis of @entity356 of T2 class with no serosal invasion.

title: Perineural invasion as a predictor of recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'PNI-positive tumors', 'PNI-negative tumors']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell division is positively regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) partnered with cyclins and negatively regulated by CDK inhibitors. In the frog, @entity1238 , three types of CDK inhibitors have been described: @entity50940 ( @entity50940 ) which shares sequence homology with both p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 from mammals, @entity32631 (Xic2) which shares sequence homology with p21Cip1, and p17Xic3 (Xic3) which shares sequence homology with p27Kip1. While past studies have demonstrated that during DNA polymerase switching, @entity50940 is targeted for protein turnover dependent upon DNA, @entity7559 ( @entity7559 ), and the ubiquitin ligase CRL4Cdt2, little is known about the processes that regulate Xic2 or Xic3. METHODS: We used the @entity1238 interphase egg extract as a model system to examine the regulation of Xic2 by proteolysis and phosphorylation. RESULTS: Our studies indicated that following primer synthesis during the initiation of DNA replication, Xic2 is targeted for DNA- and @entity7559 -dependent ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and that @entity50941 can promote Xic2 turnover. Additionally, during interphase, Xic2 is phosphorylated by @entity50942 at Ser-98 and Ser-131 in a DNA-independent manner, inhibiting Xic2 turnover. In the presence of double-stranded DNA ends, Xic2 is also phosphorylated at Ser-78 and Ser-81 by a @entity5834 -sensitive kinase, but this phosphorylation does not alter Xic2 turnover. Conversely, in the presence or absence of DNA, Xic3 was stable in the @entity1238 interphase egg extract and did not exhibit a shift indicative of phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: During interphase, Xic2 is targeted for DNA- and @entity7559 -dependent proteolysis that is negatively regulated by @entity50942 phosphorylation. During a response to DNA damage, Xic2 may be alternatively regulated by phosphorylation by a @entity5834 -sensitive kinase. Our studies suggest that the three types of @entity1238 CDK inhibitors, @entity50940 , Xic2, and Xic3 appear to be uniquely regulated which may reflect their specialized roles during cell division or early development in the frog.

title: Proteolysis of @entity1238 Cip-type CDK inhibitor, XXXX , is regulated by @entity7559 binding and @entity50942 phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity7559 :: ('394328(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen']

answer: @entity32631 :: (492305(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['p16Xic2']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Low birth weight and postnatal catch-up growth have been associated with an increased risk for @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We evaluated the contribution of birth and adult size, body composition, and waist-to-hip ratio to @entity6 risk factors in young adulthood. METHODS: In a group of 136 young adults, aged 18-24 yr, insulin sensitivity and disposition index were determined by frequent sampling iv @entity413 tolerance test. The association of clinical parameters with these variables was analyzed with multiple regression modeling. In addition, differences in insulin sensitivity and disposition index, a measure for beta-cell function, were analyzed in four subgroups, young adults either born small for gestational age SGA with @entity851 (n = 25) or SGA with catch-up growth (n = 23) or born appropriate for gestational age with @entity851 (n = 23) or with normal stature (controls) (n = 26). RESULTS: Fat mass was the only significant predictor of insulin sensitivity, whereas birth length and birth weight were not significant. After correction for age, gender, and adult body size, insulin sensitivity was significantly lower in subjects born SGA with catch-up growth compared with controls. None of the variables had a significant influence on disposition index, and there was no significant difference in disposition index between the subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that a higher body fat mass at 21 yr is associated with @entity1720 , independent of birth size. These findings have important implications for public health practice.

title: Fat mass accumulation during XXXX in early adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['reduced insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic short stature', 'short stature']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type II', 'DMII']

answer: @entity1720 :: (MESH:D007333,Disease) :: ['childhood determines insulin sensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: For various reasons, some @entity1 undergo a gross margin positive resection (R2) leading to a dilemma in care. We hypothesized that there is a subset of @entity1 who have long-term survival (LTS, >= 5 years) after R2 resection for @entity242 ( @entity242 ). METHODS: National @entity5 Database data from 1998 to 2011 were reviewed to identify @entity1 with @entity242 who had R2 resections. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to compare LTS with short-term survival. RESULTS: Of 12,028 @entity1 , R2 resection rate was 3.28% (4.9% in 1998; 2.5% in 2011). Median survival for @entity242 with R2 resection was 21 months versus 69 months for those with R0/R1 resections (P   <   0.001). Of 272 @entity1 with available survival, 24% (n   =   64) survived >= 5 years with 64% alive at follow-up. LTS was most often seen in younger @entity1 (<65 years) with well-differentiated @entity1821 . Chemotherapy appeared to improve survival in the first 3 postoperative years, but paradoxical effects were seen in LTS (Hazards Ratio [HR] 0.69, 95%CI: 0.50-0.95, P   =   0.024) in first 3 years versus (HR 2.15, 95%CI: 1.21-3.81, P   =   0.009). CONCLUSION: Long-term survival is possible for a subset of @entity1 after an R2 resection for @entity242 , especially with favorable histology characteristics. Benefits of chemotherapy in margin positive settings need to be investigated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:823-827.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Is long-term survival possible after margin-positive resection of @entity242 ( XXXX )?

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal sarcoma', 'RPS']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['RPS']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with severe @entity174 and extraperitoneal @entity548 were reviewed. Eighteen @entity1 seen prior to 1975 (group I) were clinically similar to 22 @entity1 seen subsequently (group II). Major @entity548 was defined as @entity548 in excess of 2,000 ml over and above initial resuscitation volumes. Ten of 22 group II @entity1 met the criteria for continued extraperitioneal @entity548 and were immobilized in an inflatable G-suit after surgically remediable lesions had been excluded. Ventilator support and hemodynamic monitoring were instituted and clinical response recorded. Prompt cessation of @entity548 was observed in nine of ten @entity1 . One @entity1 required selective catheterization of a @entity548 artery with subsequent @entity432 . Significant reductions in overall mortality and the frequency of shock related death were observed in group II @entity1 . @entity295 was the leading cause of late death in survivors. Immobilization of @entity174 @entity1 in the G-suit is recommended as a means of controlling continuing retroperitoneal @entity548 when surgically correctable @entity548 points have been dealt with. Failure of @entity1 to respond promptly to the G-suit strongly suggests @entity548 amenable to selective catheterization and @entity432 .

title: Definitive control of XXXX from severe @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'arterial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['embolic occlusion']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Nineteen adults with @entity1467 were studied with the static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) method. A single whole-night recording was made of each subject. Two different periodic @entity1353 indices (PBIf and PBI%) were calculated from a computerized analysis of these recordings. A polygraphic recording was also made of one subject, a 52-year-old male. The EEG, the EOG, the EMG, nasal and oral airflow, and diaphragmatic movement were recorded, the latter with an abdominal strain gauge and with the SCSB-method simultaneously. Good correlation was found between the recording with the SCSB and the strain gauge. The apnoea index (AI) calculated from the polygraphic recording was 23.3, while the PBIf of this @entity1 recorded on another night and analysed automatically was 45 and the PBI% was 78.6. The @entity1 group was divided into those aged 40 or older (n = 10) and those aged 39 or younger (n = 9). The mean PBI% of the older group was 24.0 while that of the younger group was 5.4 (t = 2.23; P less than 0.05). The mean PBIf of the older group was 16.7 and that of the younger was 3.6 (t = 2.70; P = less than 0.02). The mean body mass index (BMI) of the younger group was significantly higher than the mean BMI of the older group. The mean BMI of those @entity1 , whose PBI values were considered to be normal (PBI% less than 3, PBIf less than 7), did not significantly differ from the BMI of those @entity1 , whose PBI-values were abnormal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nocturnal periodic XXXX in adults with @entity1467 .

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The expression of synaptic @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors in the auditory cortex is dynamic and is bidirectionally regulated by auditory activity. Furthermore, the time course of changes in the level of @entity4476 protein differs after sensory and @entity528 stimulation, which modulate different changes in synaptic plasticity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of different types of auditory activity on the expression of synaptic @entity143 receptors (NMDARs) in the auditory cortex of @entity35 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prepared synaptosomes from the auditory cortices of postnatal Day 28 @entity2167 -deafened @entity35 and postnatal Day 28 @entity35 subjected to noise @entity130 that were given various treatments and compared them to the synaptosomes of 1-6-week-old normal @entity35 . The expression of different NMDAR subunits in the synaptosomes was investigated by means of Western blotting. RESULTS: Changes in @entity4474 and @entity4319 proteins were not significant during different types of auditory activity. The level of @entity4476 protein increased remarkably during postnatal development and as a result of electrical intracochlear stimulation, auditory deprivation and noise @entity130 . Seventy-two h after a 2-h period of sensory electrical intracochlear stimulation, the expression of @entity4476 protein returned to the level caused by auditory deprivation. Seventy-two h after a 3-h period of noise @entity130 , elevation of the level of @entity4476 protein was unchanged. We also confirmed that elevation of the level of synaptic @entity4476 protein was sensitive to protein synthesis inhibitor and NMDAR antagonist. However, transcription inhibitor had no effect on @entity4476 protein expression.

title: Different effects of intracochlear sensory and @entity528 stimulation on expression of synaptic XXXX receptors in the auditory cortex of @entity35 in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: Angiotensinergic synapses in the central nervous system (CNS) have been proposed to be involved in drinking induced by both intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and peripheral administration of angiotensins. In the present studies, we tested this hypothesis with i.c.v. application of @entity17554 , an @entity11664 inhibitor, to block peptide degradation. Potentiation of i.c.v. @entity2178 ( @entity2178 )-induced drinking responses was observed when @entity17554 and @entity2178 were administered. @entity17554 did not potentiate drinking to @entity5402 which demonstrates that the enhancement is specific to peptides. Centrally administered @entity17554 also potentiated drinking following systemic administration of Asn1 @entity2178 . (Asn1 @entity2178 ). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that CNS angiotensin synapses are involved in the dipsogenic response that results from elevated levels of circulating angiotensin.

title: XXXX potentiation of drinking induced by blood-borne angiotensin: evidence for mediation by endogenous brain angiotensin.

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Ang II']

entities_list: @entity11664 :: ('2028', 'Gene') :: ['aminopeptidase A']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity17554 :: ('MESH:C016977', 'Chemical') :: ['amastatin', 'Amastatin']

answer: @entity17554 :: (MESH:C016977,Chemical) :: ['Amastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) share the potency of typical bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, there is little information concerning characteristics of @entity235 AMSCs (CAMSCs); it has not previously been made clear whether CAMSCs would be able to differentiate into other cell types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, typical AMSC lines were established, and their characteristics including morphology, typical markers and differentiation potentiality were tested. RESULTS: The cells exhibited typical MSC morphology and were positive for CD90, @entity22090 and CD166, considered to be MSCs surface markers. They were negative for @entity16129 and @entity16385 . The CAMSCs also exhibited embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers, including @entity45687 and @entity45688 , at passage 2. In an appropriate microenvironment, CAMSCs differentiated into EBs and were able to produce cells of the three germ layers. These results indicate that established cells were putative adipocyte-derived MSCs, which also displayed properties of ESCs. Moreover, when the CAMSCs were induced by @entity48638 ( @entity48638 ), they differentiated into PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) and male germ-like cells, which were positive for @entity48639 ( @entity48639 ), @entity48640 ( @entity48640 ), doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor ( @entity48641 ), as well as for promyelocytic @entity1778 @entity219 finger (Plzf). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis verified higher expression levels of these markers. CONCLUSION: This study provides an efficient approach to study germ cell development using CAMSCs.

title: Primordial germ cell-like cells derived from XXXX adipose mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity48638 :: ('490695(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['BMP4', 'bone morphogenetic protein 4']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite strong indications that @entity1295 is the most common and debilitating symptom after @entity131 , little is known about its frequency, natural history, or relation to other factors. The current protocol outlines a strategy for a systematic review that will identify, assess, and critically appraise studies that assessed predictors for @entity1295 and the consequences of @entity1295 on at least two separate time points following @entity131 . METHODS/DESIGN: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and PsycINFO will be systematically searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies. Reference lists of eligible papers will also be searched. All English language studies with a longitudinal design that focus on @entity1295 in adults with primary-impact @entity131 will be included. Studies on @entity1295 following @entity1545 due to secondary pathological processes (intracranial complications, @entity4 , @entity63 / @entity1188 , and systemic intracranial conditions) will be excluded. Excluded studies, along with the reasons for exclusion will be reported. Two independent reviewers will conduct all levels of screening, data abstraction, and quality appraisal. Randomized control trial data will be treated as a cohort. The quality will be assessed using the criteria defined by Hayden and colleagues. The review will be conducted and reported in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The review will summarize the current knowledge in the field with the aim of increasing understanding and guiding future research on the associations between @entity1295 and clinically important factors, as well as the consequences of @entity1295 in @entity131 . PROSPERO registry number: CRD42013004262.

title: Fatigue in adults with XXXX : predictors and consequences. A systematic review of longitudinal study protocols.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of @entity50886 in @entity8 ( @entity359 ) @entity5 and the related, devastating syndrome of @entity358 ( @entity3008 ). We recently reported the high expression of T-cell co-regulatory B7-H ligands in renal cell @entity5 vasculature and @entity5 cells. @entity359 is a highly @entity5 that most frequently emanates from the kidney. Events leading to its pathogenesis remain enigmatic and understudied. METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to assess the @entity5 expression of @entity50887 in @entity982 -embedded tissues from 110 @entity1 who had undergone partial or radical nephrectomy for renal @entity359 and from 7 @entity1 with @entity3008 who had undergone lung biopsy. RESULTS: @entity25032 was expressed by 100% of the @entity359 and @entity3008 specimens, and @entity4634 expression was detected in only 2.7% of the specimens studied. Both membranous and cytoplasmic @entity25032 expression was noted in the smooth muscle, blood vessel, and lipoid cell components of the @entity5 ; however, no expression was detected in the adjacent, normal parenchyma tissue. @entity25032 staining was noted in a median of 90% (range 20%-100%) of cells from renal AMLs and was independent of @entity1 age (P = .43), sex (P = .27), @entity5 size (P = .21), and symptomatic presentation (P = .35). CONCLUSIONS: @entity25032 was expressed at high levels in renal AMLs and pulmonary @entity3008 , and @entity4634 was infrequently expressed in these @entity5 . Additional studies are needed to evaluate the utility of @entity25032 as a diagnostic marker or immune/angiogenic target to improve the management of @entity359 and the potentially devastating condition of @entity3008 , for which effective treatment is lacking.

title: T-cell co-regulatory molecule expression in XXXX and @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoma tumor', 'vascular tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']


abstract: This report deals with a 46-year-old male with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 (WM), who developed @entity7555 four years after diagnosis. The @entity1 was diagnosed with WM, based on the presence of IgM-k type monoclonal (M) protein and infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells identified in bone marrow aspirates. Four years later, the @entity1 presented with progressive @entity425 and @entity809 of the limb extremities, and he was admitted to our hospital. Physical and neurological examination on admission revealed @entity305 , @entity828 , @entity1375 , IgM-k M protein, leg @entity4 , and @entity2117 . He fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for @entity7555 . Laboratory tests showed normocytic normochromic @entity417 , elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and increased levels of soluble @entity3647 , @entity650 and plasma @entity7 ( @entity7 ). He was started on @entity6985 . After therapy, the leg @entity4 and @entity4218 improved, and the @entity7 level decreased from 608 pg/ml to 380 pg/ml. This is a very rare case of @entity7555 associated with WM, and is the first case treated with @entity6985 in Japan. @entity7 presumably producted WM may be associated with development of @entity7555 .

title: [A case of @entity7555 associated with Waldenstr  m's XXXX and treated with @entity6985 ].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['POEMS syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['macroglobulinemia']


abstract: Splenectomy is a recognized cause of @entity715 . Thirty-six b- @entity2395 major (b-TM) @entity1 were followed up for 36 months to evaluate changes in D-dimer levels (as a possible marker for @entity715 development) and portal vein status (by portal duplex ultrasound) at both early and late postlaparoscopic splenectomy periods. They were classified into group I if they were splenectomized in the study period (n = 12), or group II if they were splenectomized during the 5 years preceding the period (n = 24). In group I, D-dimer was measured 5 times: 1 day presplenectomy, the 1st week, 6th week, and 6th month postsplenectomy, and at the study end, whereas in group II, D-dimer was measured twice: at the study entry and end. Portal duplex was done 1 week postsplenectomy (group I) and at study end in both groups. Presplenectomy D-dimer levels in group I were significantly higher compared with the 6th month (P = .042) and study end (P = .03), whereas 1st week (postsplenectomy) D-dimer levels had a high mean of 3497.3 ng/mL, lowered at the 6th week (P = .017), at the 6th month (P = .008), and at study end (P = .005). D-dimer levels in group II showed no difference between study entry and end (P = .104). Portal vein "diameter and flow" were within normal findings in both groups. In this 3-year prospective study, a subclinical @entity49 state was detected 1 day prior to splenectomy and in the early postsplenectomy period, as evidenced by high D-dimer levels. Laparoscopic splenectomy was not associated with @entity49 either clinically or by duplex sonography.

title: D-dimer and portal vein status in splenectomized Egyptian b- @entity2395 major @entity1 : a prospective single- XXXX center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable', 'portal venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['thalassemia']


abstract: @entity4002 are an increasing cause of @entity204 and suffering worldwide. Efforts to control these diseases have been focused on the use of chemical pesticides, but arthropod resistance (whether physiological, biochemical, or behavioral) to pesticides is now an immense practical problem. The pharmacokinetic interactions of pesticides with arthropods, mechanisms of resistance, and the strengths and shortcomings of different resistance test methods are briefly reviewed. Using @entity311 control as an example, the differences between the efficacy of insecticide-sprayed houses in reducing @entity311 transmission, and the actual effect of such treatments on vectors are discussed. Reduced @entity311 transmission as a result of spraying house walls occurs through some combination of killing vectors that land on sprayed walls (insecticidal effect) and by preventing vectors from entering or remaining inside long enough to bite (behavioral effects). Both insecticidal and behavioral effects of insecticides are important, but the relative importance of one versus the other is controversial. Field studies in Africa, India, Brazil, and Mexico provide persuasive evidence for strong behavioral avoidance of @entity318 by the primary vector species. This avoidance behavior, exhibited when @entity311 vectors avoid insecticides by not entering or by rapidly exiting sprayed houses, should raise serious questions about the overall value of current physiological and biochemical resistance tests. The continued efficacy of @entity318 in Africa, India, Brazil, and Mexico, where 69% of all reported cases of @entity311 occur and where vectors are physiologically resistant to @entity318 (excluding Brazil), serves as one indicator that repellency is very important in preventing indoor transmission of @entity311 . This experience with @entity318 has implications for future control efforts because @entity312 also stimulate avoidance behaviors in arthropods. Each chemical should be studied early (before broad-scale use) to define types of action against vector species by geographic area, especially for impregnated bed net applications. The problems for vector control created by use of insecticides in agriculture and the potential for management of resistance in both agriculture and @entity4002 control are discussed.

title: Insecticide resistance issues in XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Vector-borne diseases', 'vector-borne disease']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethroids']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['vector-borne disease']


abstract: @entity3069 . @entity3068 causes a chronic @entity30 in ruminants. Cell-mediated immune responses are assumed to be protective and therefore, to be associated with its more delimited lesion types, while humoral responses are mainly associated with diffuse histopathological lesions. However, this duality of immune responses has been recently questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between both types of immunological responses and the type and extension of intestinal lesions and the presence of MAP in @entity291 tissues. Standard histopathological examinations, two microbiological procedures (culture and real time PCR (rtPCR)), as well as MAP specific antibody and @entity12028 ) release assays (IGRA) were performed on tissues and blood of 333 slaughtered Holstein-Friesian animals. @entity75 were observed in 176 (52.9%) of the animals and overall MAP detection rates were estimated at 13.5% and 28.5% for tissue culture and rtPCR, respectively. Unlike the relatively constant non-specific IFN-y release, both the antibody levels and the specific IFN-y release significantly increased with tissue damage. Delimited immunopathological forms, which accounted for 93.2% of all forms, were mostly related to positive testing in the IGRA (38.4%) whereas diffuse ones (6.8%) were associated with antibody seropositivity (91.7%). However, since the frequency of positive immune responses in both tests increased as the lesions severity increased, polarization of Th1/Th2 responses was less prominent than expected. MAP was detected in the majority of ELISA-positive animals (culture+: 90%, rtPCR+: 85%) but the bacteria was only confirmed in the 36.1% of IGRA-positive animals by any of the two microbiological tests. In terms of diagnosis, the antibody test was a good indicator of advanced tissue damage (diffuse forms), but the IGRA did not associate well with more delimited forms or with MAP detection.

title: Specific antibody and @entity12028 responses associated with immunopathological forms of @entity291 XXXX in slaughtered Friesian @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Paratuberculous lesions']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammatory regional enteritis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis (MAP) infection']

answer: @entity3068 :: (MESH:D010283,Disease) :: ['paratuberculosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity932 is a predictor of occult cervical-spine @entity174 . DESIGN: A prospective, cross-sectional study. SETTING: University-affiliated Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Ninety-three blunt @entity130 victims with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 12 or less. Exclusion criteria were incomplete radiographic evaluation caused by @entity1344 , @entity204 , or other reasons. INTERVENTIONS: The study protocol required that all @entity1 undergo a five-view cervical-spine @entity130 series, head computed tomography (CT), and upper cervical-spine CT. Cervical-spine radiographs and CT scans were read by two radiologists blinded to each other's interpretations. The results were compared with each @entity1 's head CT diagnosis. Medical records were reviewed for demographic information and mechanism of injury. RESULTS: Of the 93 @entity1 , 54 had @entity932 noted on CT scan; two of these @entity1 had an upper cervical-spine @entity174 , but only one was an occult cervical-spine @entity174 . Thirty-nine @entity1 had no @entity932 ; two @entity1 had an upper cervical-spine @entity174 , but only one had an occult cervical-spine @entity174 . Fisher's exact test showed no significant difference between the rate of occult cervical-spine @entity174 between @entity1 with and without @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Despite a high percentage of @entity1 with @entity932 , our study failed to demonstrate that @entity932 is predictor of occult cervical-spine @entity174 .

title: XXXX as a predictor of occult cervical-spine @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'traumatic intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['Intracranial hemorrhage']


abstract: CONTEXT: Hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) under image guidance using helical tomotherapy for @entity263 improves therapeutic ratio. AIMS: To report on clinical and dosimetric experience using hypofractionated helical tomotherapy for @entity263 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective consecutive case series as feasibility study approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) (2007-11). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The staging work-up, risk stratification, simulation, contouring, planning, online matching and treatment delivery methodology are described in detail. The doses to (prostate and nodal) @entity343 and organs at risk (bladder, rectum, bowel and femoral heads) are described. The audit of online matching was used to determine set-up errors, @entity343 margins and resultant translational vector. We also report the outcomes in terms of biochemical relapse-free survival and acute @entity137 . RESULTS: Fifty-three consecutive @entity1 were included. The baseline PSA was 23 ng/ml (1.60-100.37). The prostate BED3 ranged from 110-129 Gy (a/b for prostate 1.5-3 Gy) and nodal 72-87.68 Gy. The required @entity343 margin by van Hark's formula for lateral, longitudinal and vertical axes were 11.30, 9.95 and 13.49 mm, respectively with resultant vectors 3-15 mm. There was 7% to 8% chance of missing part of CTV in absence of image guidance. There was only one @entity1 requiring premature conclusion at 45 Gy due grade 3 genitourinary @entity137 . At median follow-up of 23 months, biochemical relapse-free survival rate is 95.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated IMRT under image guidance using helical tomotherapy for @entity263 is feasible with acceptable acute @entity137 and may be advantageous in high throughput centers.

title: Helical tomotherapy-based hypofractionated radiotherapy for XXXX : a report on the procedure, dosimetry and preliminary clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the impact of @entity1109 on return to work (RTW) in workers after @entity5281 . METHODS: Our study candidates were injured workers who were hospitalized for 3 days or longer and received hospitalization benefits from the Labor Insurance. A self-reported questionnaire including Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-50) and RTW was sent to workers at 12 weeks after injury. At 1 year, all @entity1 were contacted again to determine whether or not they had RTW. RESULTS: A total of 2001 workers completed the questionnaire (response rate 45.5 %) at 12 weeks after injury, among them, 1,149 had returned to work. Among the 852 who were unable to return to work at 12 weeks after injury, 225 reportedly returned to work by 1 year. A proportional hazards regression indicated that after adjusting for all possible risk factors, higher scores in BSRS-50 and BSRS-5 at 12 weeks after injury were significant risk factors for not return to work (NRTW) at 1 year after injury. Other risk factors were gender, education level, length of hospitalization, affected physical appearance, and @entity130 . Among 10 psycho-physiological symptoms of BSRS-50, a proportional hazards regression indicated that high score in @entity148 was a risk factor for NRTW. CONCLUSIONS: After considering all other factors, @entity1109 further predicted poorer probability of returning to work after @entity5281 , and @entity148 was the most significant symptom predicting poor RTW. Development of preventive measures among injured workers according to the risk factors identified in this study is warranted.

title: The impact of @entity1109 on return to work in workers after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['phobic-anxiety scale', 'phobic-anxiety']

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injuries', 'occupational injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury type']

answer: @entity5281 :: (MESH:D060051,Disease) :: ['occupational injury']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the natural history of mitral valve and @entity2333 in @entity1 with @entity1614 during childhood and adolescence. METHODS: Fifty two @entity1 with @entity1614 were followed for a mean of 7.9 years. Occurrence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes was measured clinically and by ultrasound examination. RESULTS: @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ) was diagnosed in 46 @entity1 at a mean age of 9.7 years, more than 80% of whom presented as "silent @entity3454 ". @entity339 ( @entity339 ) occurred in 25 @entity1 , @entity384 in 43, and @entity337 ( @entity337 ) in 13. Both @entity3454 and @entity384 developed at a constant rate during the age period 5-20 years. In 23 @entity1 @entity3454 was diagnosed before @entity384 , in 18 the reverse occurred, and in 11 @entity1 the two abnormalities were diagnosed simultaneously. During follow up, 21 @entity1 showed progression of @entity339 ; progression of @entity2333 occurred in 13. Aortic surgery was performed in 10; two died of subsequent complications. Mitral valve surgery was performed in six. In sporadic female Marfan @entity1 the age at initial diagnosis of @entity3454 , @entity339 , @entity384 , and @entity337 was lowest, the grade of @entity339 and @entity337 most severe, the time lapse between the occurrence of @entity3454 and subsequent @entity339 as well as between dilatation and subsequent @entity337 shortest, and the risk for cardiovascular associated morbidity and mortality highest. CONCLUSIONS: During childhood and adolescence in @entity1614 , @entity339 as well as @entity2333 develop and progress gradually, often without symptoms, but may cause considerable morbidity and mortality by the end of the second decade, especially in female sporadic @entity1 .

title: Natural history of cardiovascular manifestations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'MR', 'mitral valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Describe potential cardiac complications of low-dose @entity1089 and other atypical antipsychotic drugs. METHOD: We present a case report of a 45-year-old Black @entity1 with multiple medical and @entity146 problems taking low-dose @entity1089 . RESULTS: Coincident with a generalized @entity410 , the @entity1 developed ' @entity2224 '. She was countershocked with restoration of normal sinus rhythm. The initial electrocardiogram showed @entity1162 . Shortly thereafter, classical @entity1166 appeared, lasted 10 min, and resolved spontaneously. @entity1272 was present. A cardiac electrophysiologist was concerned that the very slow shortening of the @entity1162 after @entity1760 replacement implicated @entity1089 as a risk factor for @entity1162 and @entity1166 . A psychosomatic medicine consultant asserted that the fragmented medical and @entity146 care almost certainly contributed to the @entity1 's medical problems. We discuss other cases of @entity1162 by newer antipsychotic drugs and previous reports by our group concerning the association of psychotropic drugs, @entity1162 , and @entity1166 . CONCLUSION: Atypical antipsychotic drug administration, when accompanied by risk factors, may contribute to @entity943 including @entity1166 .

title: @entity1166 in a @entity1 with complex medical and XXXX conditions receiving low-dose @entity1089 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsade de pointes']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTc interval prolongation', 'prolonged QTc interval', 'QT interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity401 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity785 ( @entity3130 ), with insufficiently effective treatment options. Progression of @entity3794 involves expanding populations of fibroblasts, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Characterisation of @entity3130 lung fibroblast gene expression profiles underlying the fibrotic cell phenotype could enable a better understanding of the processes leading to the progressive build-up of scar tissue in the lungs. In this study we evaluate the transcriptomes of fibroblasts isolated from @entity3130 lung biopsies at the time of diagnosis, compared with those from control lungs. METHODS: We used Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays to compare the gene expression profile of pulmonary fibroblasts cultured from 8 @entity1 with @entity3794 associated with @entity3130 ( @entity3130 ), with those from control lung tissue peripheral to resected @entity5 (n=10). Fibroblast cultures from 3 @entity1 with @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) were included as a further comparison. Genes differentially expressed were identified using two separate analysis programs following a set of pre-determined criteria: only genes significant in both analyses were considered. Microarray expression data was verified by qRT-PCR and/or western blot analysis. RESULTS: A total of 843 genes were identified as differentially expressed in pulmonary fibroblasts from @entity3130 and/or @entity2416 compared to control lung, with a large overlap in the expression profiles of both diseases. We observed increased expression of a @entity2533 response signature including @entity82 associated genes and myofibroblast markers, with marked heterogeneity across samples. Strongly suppressed expression of interferon stimulated genes, including antiviral, chemokine, and MHC class 1 genes, was uniformly observed in fibrotic fibroblasts. This expression profile includes key regulators and mediators of the interferon response, such as @entity6897 , and @entity371 , and was also independent of disease group. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a strongly suppressed interferon-stimulated gene program in fibroblasts from fibrotic lung. The data suggests that the repressed expression of interferon-stimulated genes may underpin critical aspects of the profibrotic fibroblast phenotype, identifying an area in @entity3794 that requires further investigation.

title: Microarray profiling reveals suppressed interferon stimulated gene program in fibroblasts from scleroderma-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'IPF']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']