abstract: When rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs, noradrenergic cells become silent, with the abolition of activity in locus coeruleus (LC) neurons seen as a key event permissive for the occurrence of @entity11755 . However, it is not known whether silencing of other than LC noradrenergic neurons contributes to the generation of @entity11755 . In @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 , stereotyped @entity11755 can be repeatedly elicited by injections of the cholinergic agonist, @entity5402 , into a discrete region of the dorsomedial pons. We used this preparation to test whether inhibition of ventrolateral pontine noradrenergic A5 neurons only, or together with LC neurons, also can elicit @entity11755 -like effects. To silence noradrenergic cells, we sequentially injected the a(2)-adrenergic agonist @entity1338 (20-40   nl, 0.75   mM) into both A5 regions and then the LC. In two @entity35 , successful bilateral @entity1338 injections into the A5 region elicited the @entity11755 (hippocampal theta rhythm, @entity6256 , reduced respiratory rate). In five @entity35 , bilateral @entity1338 injections into the A5 region and then into one LC triggered @entity11755 , and in two @entity35 injections into both A5 and then both LC were needed to elicit the effect. In contrast, in three @entity35 , uni- or bilateral @entity1338 injections only into the LC had no effect, and @entity1338 injections placed in another six @entity35 outside of the A5 and/or LC regions were without effect. The @entity11755 elicited by @entity1338 had similar magnitude of @entity6256 (by 75%), similar pattern of hippocampal changes, and similar durations (2.5-5.3   min) to the episodes triggered in the same preparation by @entity5402 injections into the dorsomedial pontine reticular formation. Thus, silencing of A5 cells may importantly enable the occurrence of @entity11755 , at least under anesthesia. This is a new role for noradrenergic A5 neurons.

title: Inhibition of A5 Neurons Facilitates the Occurrence of REM Sleep-Like Episodes in XXXX -Anesthetized @entity35 : A New Role for Noradrenergic A5 Neurons?

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of hypoglossal nerve activity']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep-like episodes', 'characteristic REM sleep-like episodes', 'REM sleep']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity4774 :: (MESH:D014520,Chemical) :: ['Urethane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed @entity356 (DGE) is a common complication following left-sided hepatectomy. The goal of this study was to clarify the clinical implications of an omental flap wrapping procedure that includes fixation to the cut surface of the liver to reduce the incidence of DGE after left-sided hepatectomy. METHODS: The study included 50 consecutive @entity1 who underwent left-sided hepatectomy between January 2000 and July 2011. Clinicopathologic risk factors for DGE after left-sided hepatectomy were identified using univariate and multivariate models. The incidence of DGE, digestive symptoms, and @entity260 were compared between two groups: 25 @entity1 treated with the omental flap wrapping and fixation procedure and 25 @entity1 who did not receive such a flap. RESULTS: A univariate analysis revealed that a lack of the omental flap, the lymph node clearance, and use of left hemihepatectomy were associated with postoperative DGE. The multivariate analysis indicated that the lack of the omental flap was the only independent significant factor associated with the DGE (odds ratio, 21.23; p = 0.0002). There was a significant difference in the incidence of DGE between the @entity1 with (4 %) and without an omental flap (36 %). The incidence of @entity356 and the use of prokinetic drugs were also significantly lower in @entity1 with an omental flap than in @entity1 without the flap, and @entity1 with an omental flap resumed a solid diet significantly earlier. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective single-center study revealed that it was possible to reduce the incidence of DGE using a procedure involving omental flap wrapping with fixation to the cut surface of the liver after left-sided hepatectomy.

title: Omental flap wrapping with fixation to the cut surface of the liver for reducing delayed XXXX after left-sided hepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying', 'gastric distension']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric emptying']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucosal affectation may be a direct cytotoxic or cytostatic effect of @entity1499 . OBJECTIVE: To highlight the diagnostic procedure and treatment intervention @entity9374 complicating @entity1499 -induced @entity56 . CASE REPORT: The @entity1 was a 60-year-old @entity1 suffering from @entity3136 that rapidly developed into @entity9374 . The @entity1 had been prescribed @entity1499 to treat @entity309 . The @entity1 presented with painful @entity3384 covered with necrotic tissues. We made a tentative diagnosis of @entity1499 induced @entity56 . On the @entity1 's second visit to the clinic, the lesion had developed into crusted and haemorrhagic @entity1066 with erythematous patches on the lips. The @entity1 was now complaining of weakness, @entity221 and occasional @entity410 attack. Examination of the upper and lower extremities revealed @entity203 . The definitive diagnosis was that of @entity9374 complicating @entity1499 induced @entity56 . withdrawal of the @entity1499 yielded positive result with complete resolution of the lesions after 12 days of drug withdrawal. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of adverse drug reactions is essential for effective treatment, to avoid untoward systemic complications.

title: XXXX -induced @entity9374 : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral bullous eruptions']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration of the vermillion border of the upper and lower lips']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['erythema multiforme']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the availability of neurosurgical intensive care for the traumatically brain injured in all 36 neurosurgical centres in the United Kingdom and Ireland receiving @entity542 , the response times to referral, and the advice given to the referring hospitals. METHODS: Telephone survey of receiving neurosurgeons regarding their bed status and their advice on three hypothetical case scenarios. Outcome measures included response times for an acute @entity542 to be accepted to a neurosurgical centre; the intensive care bed status; variations in advice given to the referring hospitals with regard to ventilation, use of @entity2656 , @entity230 , anticonvulsants, and antibiotics. RESULTS: There were 43 neurosurgical intensive care beds available for an overall estimated population of 63.6 million. There were 1.8 beds available/million of the population for non-ventilated @entity1 , 0.64 beds available/million for ventilated @entity1 , and 0.55 beds available/million for ventilated paediatric @entity1 . London had a shortage of beds with 0.19 adult beds for ventilation/million north of the Thames and 0.14 adult beds for ventilation/million south of the Thames. The median response time for a @entity1 with an extradural haematoma to be accepted for transfer was 6 minutes and 89% of such a referral was accepted within 30 minutes. Clinically significant delays in receiving referrals (over 30 minutes) occurred in four units. Practices regarding the use of hyperventilation, @entity2656 , anticonvulsants, and antibiotics showed little conformity and in some cases were against the available evidence and advice given by published guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: There is a severe shortage of available emergency neurosurgical beds especially in the south east of England. The lack of immediately available neurosurgical intensive care beds results in delays of transfer that could adversely affect the outcome of surgery for traumatic intracranial haematoma. Advice given to the referring units by the receiving doctors is very variable.

title: Snapshot view of emergency neurosurgical XXXX care in Great Britain and Ireland.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of an institutional experience with a consecutive series of @entity1 with post-stage I palliation for @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ). BACKGROUND: In a recent review of 212 consecutive @entity1 who underwent stage I operations for @entity1699 at our institution between 1983 and 1993, we identified risk factors related to stage I mortality. We sought to examine the outcome for these @entity1 at subsequent palliative procedures. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent stage I reconstruction between January 1983 and June 1993 and also underwent subsequent palliation at our institution were included. Seventy @entity1 underwent palliative procedures and two underwent heart transplantation. @entity1 -specific factors and features of the stage II operation were analyzed for impact on stage II mortality and actuarial survival. RESULTS: The only independent risk factor for stage II mortality was the performance of a nonfenestrated Fontan operation (p < 0.001). There were nine in-hospital deaths (69%) in the 13 @entity1 undergoing the nonfenestrated Fontan procedure at stage II. Fifty @entity1 underwent intermediate superior vena cava to @entity358 at stage II, with 4 (8%) early deaths. Pulmonary artery augmentation was performed in 19 @entity1 (38%) at stage II, without increased operative risk. @entity1699 anatomic subtype did not influence stage II mortality. The modified fenestrated Fontan procedure has been performed as a third stage in 32 @entity1 whose median age was 28.7 months, with one early death at a median follow-up of 24.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: A second-stage bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis for @entity1699 reduces second-stage mortality and improves intermediate survival. The modified fenestrated Fontan operation may then be performed as a final palliative stage with low operative risk.

title: An institutional experience with second- and third-stage palliative procedures for XXXX : the impact of the bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'Hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery anastomosis']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: Although @entity2213 is clearly the treatment of choice for @entity18053 / @entity675 -positive @entity22165 ( @entity22165 ), little is known about optimal dosing, duration of treatment, and the possibility of cure in this disorder. To address these questions, 5 @entity1 with @entity18053 / @entity675 -positive @entity22165 with documented clinical, hematologic, and molecular remission on @entity2213 (400 mg daily) and without evidence of cardiac involvement were enrolled in a dose de-escalation trial. The @entity2213 dose was tapered slowly with close follow-up for evidence of clinical, hematologic, and molecular relapse. Two @entity1 with @entity18032 were maintained on @entity2213 300 to 400 mg daily and served as controls. All 5 @entity1 who underwent dose de-escalation, but neither of the control @entity1 , experienced molecular relapse (P < .05). None developed recurrent symptoms, and eosinophil counts, serum @entity15746 , and tryptase levels remained suppressed. Reinitiation of therapy at the prior effective dose led to molecular remission in all 5 @entity1 , although 2 @entity1 subsequently required increased dosing to maintain remission. These data are consistent with suppression rather than elimination of the clonal population in @entity18053 / @entity675 -positive @entity22165 and suggest that molecular monitoring may be the most useful method in determining optimal dosing without the risk of disease exacerbation. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as no. NCT00044304.

title: Relapse following discontinuation of @entity2213 therapy for @entity18053 / XXXX -positive @entity22165 : implications for optimal dosing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity22165 :: ('MESH:C580364', 'Disease') :: ['chronic eosinophilic leukemia', 'CEL']

entities_list: @entity18032 :: ('MESH:D004719', 'Disease') :: ['endomyocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity675 :: (5156,Gene) :: ['PDGFRA']


abstract: 1. The crude envelope preparation obtained by sonication of @entity5609 cells in the presence of lysozyme was separated into outer and cytoplasmic membrane fractions by @entity969 density gradient centrifugation. The outer membrane fraction accounted for about two thirds of the dry weight of the envelope preparation. 2. In thin sections, the outer and cytoplasmic membrane fractions were shown to consist of vesicles bounded by a single trilaminar membrane, but those of the outer membrane were considerably smaller and were frequently open, forming C-shaped structures. The cytoplasmic membrane vesicles were cleaved by freeze fracturing to expose @entity174 faces studded with particles, while the outer membrane fragments resisted cleavage. 3. The outer membrane fraction consisted of protein (similar to 40%), lipopolysaccharide (similar to 36%) and lipid (similar to 18%) and had a density of about 1.22 g/cm3. The cytoplasmic membrane fraction consisted mostly of protein (similar to 56%) and lipid (similar to 38%), had a density of about 1.16 g/cm3, and contained almost all the @entity2125 oxidase, succinate and @entity6853 dehydrogenase activities of the crude envelope preparation. 4. Electrophoresis in @entity2975 gels containing @entity3208 revealed over 20 polypeptide bands in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction and only 6-7 in the outer membrane fraction. The outer membrane electrophorogram was dominated by a major band (mol. wt 40 000) which was resolved into two bands when electrophoresed in an acidic gel system. @entity535 analysis revealed a higher content of polar @entity1522 in the protein moiety of the outer membrane.

title: The outer membrane of XXXX . I. Isolation and characterization of the outer and cytoplasmic membrane fractions.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity6853 :: ('CHEBI:16004', 'Chemical') :: ['D-lactate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity5609 :: (584,Species) :: ['Proteus mirabilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite reports that @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) symptoms delay up to 7 days before seeking treatment, few studies have prospectively explored specific factors influencing treatment-seeking delay in this population. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore how factors related to the symptom experience, such as perception (number and intensity), evaluation (attribution and understanding), and response (behaviors of @entity1 and others) influence delay in seeking treatment for symptoms of acute decompensated @entity712 . METHODS: @entity1 hospitalized for acute @entity712 were enrolled into an exploratory, descriptive study. Only those who had @entity712 for 3 months or longer and a previous @entity712 admission were eligible. Data on factors related to the symptom experience, response to symptoms, and delay time were collected by interview during hospitalization. Delay time measured in hours was analyzed using generalized linear modeling. RESULTS: The sample of 131 adults was predominately older (77    11.3 years) @entity1 (55.7%). The median delay time was 60 hours (2.5 days), with a range of 1 to 336 hours (14 days). Only 34 (25.9%) sought care in less than 12 hours. Three variables were statistically significant determinants of long delay time-waiting to see if the symptoms would abate, receiving a passive response to symptoms from others, and living in a rural environment. These variables explained 13.9% of the variance in delay time. Clinical characteristics were not significant predictors of delay. CONCLUSIONS: The response of @entity1 (wait-and-see) and others (eg, don't worry) contributed to delay, as did living in a rural environment. Evaluative characteristics of attribution and understanding were not significant determinants of delay, suggesting that @entity1 education alone will not effectively decrease delay. Instead, interventions directed toward decision making in response to symptoms and inclusion of family members in such discussions may be more effective.

title: Factors associated with delay in seeking care for acute decompensated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This prospective study was designed to assess the current clinical course, risk factors, microbiologic profile and echocardiographic findings of @entity1 with left-sided @entity884 and @entity532 . BACKGROUND: Periannular complications worsen the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity884 . The relation between these complications and the clinical and microbiologic data has not been clearly defined. METHODS: In this clinical cohort study, 211 @entity1 with left-sided @entity884 , according to the Duke criteria, were prospectively recruited. All @entity1 underwent conventional and transesophageal echocardiography. The mean follow-up interval was 151 days. RESULTS: Perivalvular complications were detected in 78 @entity1 (37%). The incidence of periannular extension of @entity281 in native and prosthetic valves was 29% and 55%, respectively. The presence of prosthesis (relative risk [RR] 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35 to 2.64) and previous @entity884 ( @entity4736 .78, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.7) were the only pre-existing heart conditions associated with @entity532 . @entity281 ( @entity4736 .8, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.66) and the development of @entity713 ( @entity16071 .55, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.41) were related with the existence of these complications. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were very common in @entity1 with @entity532 ( @entity4736 .77, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.59), and small vegetations were more frequent in these @entity1 (RR l.45, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.22). An operation was more frequently performed in @entity1 with @entity532 , but mortality was similar in @entity1 with and without these complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 , @entity884 , new @entity713 and coagulase-negative staphylococci were independent risk factors of periannular complications. The period between symptom onset and diagnosis, the incidence of @entity2294 and persistent signs of @entity281 were similar between @entity1 with and without @entity532 . @entity1 with @entity532 did not demonstrate a difference in the presence or size of vegetations or the frequency of @entity887 . An operation was more frequently performed in these @entity1 , but mortality was similar in both groups.

title: Periannular extension of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'atrioventricular (AV) block']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['perivalvular complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Aortic infection']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: @entity3106 is toxic for T lymphocytes in vitro but has little effect on B lymphocytes. To investigate the molecular basis for this difference, purified @entity19 T and B lymphocytes were compared for their abilities to incorporate and metabolize @entity3106 . Unstimulated T and B cells incorporated identical amounts of @entity3106 into six different phospholipids and four neutral lipids. After mitogen stimulation, @entity844 uptake was increased in both lymphocyte types, but cell-specific differences were seen in the distribution of @entity3106 among the various cellular lipids. Doses of @entity3106 that selectively inhibited T-cell proliferation resulted in a 5-fold greater accumulation of @entity26130 in T cells than in B cells. Whereas T cells did not desaturate the exogenously derived @entity3106 , up to 25% of the @entity10194 was converted to @entity3952 in B cells. These findings suggested a deficiency of @entity20527 desaturase ( @entity8595 , @entity3884 -donor: @entity26 oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.99.5) activity in T cells, which was confirmed by subsequent studies. Cell-free extracts from B cells displayed nearly 20-fold more @entity20527 desaturase activity than T-cell extracts, and the level of @entity20527 desaturase mRNA was 30-fold higher in B cells. Collectively, our data indicate that @entity19 T cells are deficient in unsaturated @entity844 synthesis. The deficiency of @entity20527 desaturase in T cells may represent the basis for the differing sensitivities of T and B lymphocytes to inhibition by @entity1718 .

title: Absence of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in XXXX T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['Stearic acid', 'stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity26130 :: ('MESH:C010942', 'Chemical') :: ['distearoylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity20527 :: ('MESH:C017725', 'Chemical') :: ['stearoyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The development of novel treatment strategies for the effective delivery of new therapies directed against solid @entity5 , particularly metastatic @entity320 , are required. A novel therapeutic property has previously been discovered for the @entity2858 accessory protein viral protein R (Vpr), based on the ability of this protein to induce G(2) cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis in various @entity5 cell lines. Likewise, in vivo electroporation has been utilized as an effective delivery platform for DNA plasmids expressing potentially therapeutic proteins and has been targeted to normal tissues as well as @entity5 . Our previous findings demonstrated that delivery of a Vpr expression plasmid (pVpr) to established subcutaneous B16.F10 @entity320 by in vivo electroporation yielded long-term complete @entity5 regression in a small percentage of @entity19 . In this study, we modified the electroporation regimen for pVpr with the goal of enhancing the anti- @entity5 activity of Vpr. pVpr was injected intratumorally, on days 0, 2 and 4, into established subcutaneous B16.F10 @entity320 followed by in vivo electroporation. Treatment with 100 mg of pVpr plus electroporation on the modified treatment days resulted in 50% of the @entity19 undergoing complete @entity5 regressions coupled with long-term survival (i.e., greater than 100 days post treatment). Additional investigations established the intratumoral expression of Vpr and induction of apoptosis for a period of at least seven days after the modified pVpr treatment regimen. This report demonstrates that the anti- @entity5 activity of a pVpr plus electroporation regimen against established subcutaneous B16.F10 @entity320 can be significantly enhanced by a modified treatment schedule. In addition, it appeared that this enhanced anti- @entity5 effect was correlated with prolonged Vpr expression and the associated induction of intratumoral apoptosis.

title: Enhancement of anti- @entity320 activity of a plasmid expressing XXXX Vpr delivered through in vivo electroporation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumors']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: The relationship between plasma insulin (IRI) and lipid concentration, or @entity412 (TG) kinetics was studied in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 ( @entity3918 ) to examine how @entity1720 is associated with the mechanism of @entity2298 ( @entity2298 ) in @entity6 . Plasma @entity413 and @entity16623 were significantly elevated and IRI reduced in @entity3918 . Plasma glucagon concentration in @entity3918 was similar to controls. The plasma concentration of TG, total @entity165 phospholipid and apoprotein B was 3-4-fold higher in @entity3918 compared to control @entity35 . The @entity2298 in @entity3918 was mainly attributable to an increase in the concentration of TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive relationship between the concentration of non-esterified @entity844 and plasma lipids, but the decrease in IRI best correlated with increased concentrations of lipids and apoprotein B in plasma and TRL. Neither @entity413 nor glucagon correlated significantly with lipids or apoprotein B concentration in plasma or TRL. The rate of entry of TG into blood was similar between @entity3918 and controls, and in @entity3918 this significantly correlated with IRI. Clearance of radiolabeled TRL-TG in @entity3918 was significantly decreased and correlated with IRI. Conversely, the removal of radiolabeled Intralipid-TG was similar for @entity3918 and controls. The data suggest that insulin critically regulates TRL-TG metabolism in @entity3918 and that a @entity9680 is a main reason for the @entity2298 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Correlation of @entity1720 and XXXX in @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['HTG', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['catabolic defect of TRL-TG due to insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2298 :: (MESH:D015228,Disease) :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Classically a primary @entity694 is not performed in the presence of left @entity694 . Recently there has been a trend towards resection and @entity254 in selected @entity1 , but no prospective study concerning the safety of this approach has been published. The objective of this study was to define the role of intraoperative colonic lavage with resection and primary @entity254 (RPA) in left @entity694 , and to evaluate the differences in outcome in @entity1 with diffuse or localized @entity298 . METHODS: Between January 1994 and December 1998, 127 @entity1 underwent emergency operation for a distal large bowel perforation. RPA was the operation of choice and was performed in 61 @entity1 , 38 with localized and 23 with @entity298 . @entity326 , @entity298 , immunocompromised status and American society of Anesthesiologists grade IV were contraindications to the one-stage procedure. Alternative operations used in high-risk @entity1 were Hartmann's procedure in 55 @entity1 , subtotal colectomy in eight and colostomy in three. RESULTS: There were two deaths (3 per cent) among 61 @entity1 treated by RPA and one (2 per cent) case of clinical anastomotic dehiscence. Overall morbidity was 39 per cent and the overall mean(s.d.) hospital stay was 18(15) days. No statistical differences were observed between @entity1 with localized and @entity298 treated by RPA. CONCLUSION: RPA may be the operation of choice in selected @entity1 with left @entity694 .

title: Role of resection and primary XXXX of the left colon in the presence of @entity298 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic peritonitis', 'colonic diffuse peritonitis', 'colonic anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritonitis', 'faecal peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: The importance of @entity5 angiogenesis in the process of @entity5 growth and progression in solid @entity5 has been widely accepted. Among many angiogenic factors, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been shown to play a major role in the development and dissemination of the @entity5 . @entity842 (NO) production was also observed in solid @entity5 tissues. NO has been reported to play an important role for the mitogenic effect of @entity7 in the angiogenic process. However, little is known about the correlation between @entity7 and NO in circulating levels. Therefore, we investigated serum @entity7 and NO concentrations in @entity1 @entity356 as well as healthy individuals, and examined the influence of @entity5 stage on circulating level of @entity7 . The study consisted of 11 healthy individuals and 37 @entity1 with primary @entity356 who did not receive any prior therapy. @entity1 were categorized into four groups according to TNM classification. The level of @entity1655 in preoperative sera of @entity356 @entity1 and healthy donors was assayed using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. NO concentration was estimated indirectly from serum @entity3542 . The ANOVA test showed a significant difference in serum @entity1655 concentrations between @entity5 stages (P < 0.001). A striking relationship was found between serum NO levels and @entity5 stage (P < 0.001). A significant difference was also seen between healthy individuals and @entity1 with stage 1 disease. The present study suggested that large @entity5 burden was associated with significantly increased levels of @entity1655 and NO.

title: Serum concentrations of XXXX and @entity3542 as an estimate of in vivo @entity842 in @entity1 with @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the approaches to the diagnosis and the treatment of chronic @entity39 @entity57 (CNPA). METHODS: The study included 8 @entity1 with CNPA confirmed by histopathological studies. The @entity1 were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine of Zhejiang University during 2000-2004. The clinical data were analyzed, and related literature was reviewed. The clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics, and the approaches to the diagnosis and the treatment were described. RESULTS: CNPA was a rare form of @entity57 . Common presentations included productive cough (8/8), haemoptysis (7/8) and constitutional symptoms (5/8). Radiographically, the air crescent sign was suggestive of the diagnosis, which was found in 4 @entity1 . Consolidation was also common in the other 4 cases. The histological feature of CNPA included the presence of tissue invasion by Aspergillus, tissue @entity39 and @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations of CNPA are non-specific. Radiography plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of CNPA. Treatment with antifungal medications is indicated once the diagnosis is made. Pulmonary resection should be considered when @entity1 have prolonged illness or frequent haemoptysis.

title: [Chronic @entity39 XXXX : diagnosis and treatment].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotizing']

answer: @entity57 :: (MESH:D055732,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: Previously, we reported a @entity3392 iroquois gene, ziro3, and its expression during early embryogenesis (Mech. Dev. 87 (1999) 165). In the present study, we have isolated two novel @entity3392 iroquois genes, @entity55646 and ziro5, homologs of @entity19 @entity44795 and @entity19 @entity38929 , respectively. The expression of both genes is initiated in dorsal neuroectoderm and mesoderm during gastrulation. Later, their expression appears in the central nervous system (CNS), excluding the telencephalon and most of the diencephalon. @entity55646 expression is complementary to that of ziro3 in the notochord and later in the gut. In contrast, ziro5 expression mostly overlaps with that of ziro3. Interestingly, all three iroquois @entity3392 genes are expressed in the notochord while only @entity55647 is active in the @entity19 notochord. Their expression in later stages of embryogenesis was also compared.

title: Expression of two novel XXXX iroquois homologues ( @entity55646 and ziro5) during early development of axial structures and central nervous system.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: We have transplanted HPV 18 positive nontumorigenic hybrid cells and tumorigenic hybrid segregants as well as nontumorigenic and tumorigenic @entity1 keratinocytes immortalized by @entity1799 -DNA transfection (HPK cells and HPK-ras cells) into @entity19 and grown them under in vivo conditions for different periods of time. By analyzing gene expression at the mRNA level of the early viral genes @entity7906 and a number of cytoskeletal cellular genes we wanted to test the hypothesis that the nontumorigenic phenotype of these cells in vivo may be determined by the specific downregulation of expression of the oncogenic @entity7906 genes by the product(s) of @entity5 suppressor gene(s). The results obtained showed that: 1) The nontumorigenic hybrid cells (in contrast to tumorigenic segregants) stopped to proliferate about 3 days after transplantation. At this time @entity7906 gene expression was already drastically reduced, whereas at day 2 expression was still high. This suppression specifically affected the HPV 18 @entity7906 genes and preceded cell death by at least 10 days. 2) The same specific suppression of HPV @entity7906 gene expression occurred during in vivo growth of the nontumorigenic HPK cells. These cells gave rise to transiently growing cysts, but had retained the in vivo differentiation potential of normal keratinocytes (orderly expression of @entity7436 , involucrin and filaggrin). @entity1799 @entity7906 gene expression was very low and clearly restricted to a small subset of basal cells, thus showing an inverse relationship to terminal differentiation. In contrast, in the @entity5 induced by HPK-ras cells @entity7906 gene expression extended from the basal cells into suprabasal cells and terminal differentiation was retarded. These results support the hypothesis that during in vivo growth @entity5 suppressor gene(s) negatively regulated HPV @entity7906 gene expression resulting in the stop of proliferation of the nontumorigenic cells.

title: The early genes E6 and E7 of @entity5 associated @entity1 papilloma viruses as targets of XXXX suppression?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals of low socioeconomic status ( @entity497 ) are at increased risk for @entity65 relative to @entity1 of more advantaged social position. Recent evidence suggests that community @entity497 (variation in the material and @entity497 ) also predicts incident @entity65 , and may do so independently of individual level @entity497 . In this study we examined whether community @entity497 is similarly associated with preclinical @entity455 , as measured by carotid artery ultrasonography. METHODS: Subjects were 230 untreated @entity101 @entity1 without history of @entity301 , residing in and around Pittsburgh, PA (80% white, 20% African-American; mean age, 56 years). Community @entity497 was defined by levels of income, economic disadvantage (eg, poverty, unemployment), housing costs, and educational attainment in the US Census tract of residence for each subject. A composite community @entity497 score was calculated for each subject as the average of all extracted census measures. Individual @entity497 was estimated from subjects' years of education and current annual income. RESULTS: Regression analyses accounting for traditional risk factors showed @entity497 to be associated with greater intima-medial thickness (b = 0.02, P < .05) and plaque occurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, P < .01). The latter association persisted on multivariable adjustment for both risk factors and individual markers of social position ( @entity497 ) (OR = 1.68, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of one's own income or educational attainment, untreated @entity101 @entity1 living in poorer communities are more likely to exhibit preclinical @entity731 than residents of more affluent areas.

title: Community socioeconomic status is associated with carotid artery @entity731 in untreated, XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['social resources of communities', 'community disadvantage', 'SES']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: We used QCT scans obtained in 687 @entity1 and @entity1 , 21-97 years of age, to estimate the factor of risk for @entity174 , Phi(vert), defined as the ratio of spinal loading to vertebral strength. With age, vertebral strength declined and Phi(vert) increased significantly more in @entity1 than @entity1 . Age- and sex-specific differences in Phi(vert) closely resembled previously reported @entity174 incidence. INTRODUCTION: Despite the high prevalence of @entity174 , little is known about the interaction between spinal loading and @entity2100 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed the ratio of spinal loading to vertebral strength (i.e., the factor of risk, Phi(vert)) in an age- and sex-stratified population-based sample of 700 @entity1 and @entity1 21-97 years of age. We measured volumetric BMD (vBMD, mg/cm3) and cross-sectional area (CSA, cm2) of the midvertebral bodies of L1-L3 using QCT and computed vertebral compressive strength from these data using engineering beam theory. A biomechanical model of the trunk was used to estimate compressive forces applied to the L3 vertebral body during standing, bending forward, and bending forward while lifting 10 kg. The factor of risk for @entity174 , Phi(vert), was computed as the ratio of spinal compressive force to vertebral strength for each activity. RESULTS: @entity1 had a higher vertebral strength at all ages, largely because of their greater CSA. Whereas both sexes exhibited a marked decline in vertebral compressive strength with age (p < 0.001), the decline was greater in @entity1 than @entity1 (-43% versus -31%, p = 0.008). Compressive forces on L3 were greater in @entity1 than @entity1 , because of their greater body weight and height. For both sexes, forces during bending and lifting were 8-fold higher than those experienced during upright standing. For all activities, Phi(vert) increased with age, but significantly more so in @entity1 than @entity1 (p < 0.001). For bending and lifting, Phi(vert-bending) exceeded 1.0 in 30% of @entity1 and 12% of @entity1 > or =50 years of age, values that are similar to the reported frequency of @entity174 . CONCLUSION: These findings illustrate potential mechanisms underlying @entity174 and provide strong rationale for further evaluation of this QCT-based biomechanical approach for assessment of @entity174 risk.

title: Age- and sex-specific differences in the factor of risk for XXXX : a population-based study using QCT.

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fragility']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fracture']


abstract: Imaging strategies of the sinonasal cavities have undergone extensive revision over the last 5-year period. The traditional imaging examination of the paranasal sinuses, plain film radiography, does reasonably well in diagnosing maxillary, frontal, and @entity18184 . However, it less reliable in depicting abnormalities in the ethmoid sinuses, the most common area first affected with @entity32 . Compared with sinus computed tomography (CT), plain films prove to be less specific and sensitive in depicting the extent of @entity50 . One series plainly concluded that sinus radiographs were not reliable enough to be an integral part of the clinical decision process. The use of plain radiographs of the sinuses has clearly been reduced by medical cost-containment concerns, replacement by superior techniques, and by clear weaknesses of the modality. Although it is inexpensive and easily accessible, the low sensitivities and inaccuracies of plain film radiography have resulted in the current use of CT and high-field-strength (1.5 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By using this cross-sectional imaging, we now visualize directly the pathologic conditions within the sinuses, as well as the normal anatomy. We discuss current use of diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of @entity1 with nasosinusoidal complaints (most commonly resulting from acute and chronic @entity32 ), with complications of sinonasal @entity32 , and with suspected/documented @entity5 . In addition to developing an imaging algorithm to provide the information affecting clinical decision making, we detail the specific imaging techniques necessary accurately to obtain that information. We also review the specific concerns about imaging @entity1 in the intensive care unit and touch on several emerging imaging techniques. The imaging workup in pediatric @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity154 is beyond the scope of this review.

title: Current indications and techniques in evaluating @entity32 and XXXX of the sinonasal cavities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity18184 :: ('MESH:D015524', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoid sinusitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: AIM: Although @entity8143 are one of the most prominent @entity146 symptoms in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), research on the subtypes, prevalence and associated factors of @entity8143 , especially in drug (psychotropic)-na  ve @entity1 , has been limited. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 230) with psychotropic-na  ve (drug-na  ve) probable @entity195 were assessed with the Korean Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI) delusion subscale at the time of initial presentation. After determining the four delusion subtypes (paranoid, misidentification, mixed and expansive delusion), clinical characteristics and prevalence of each type were compared. RESULTS: Delusions were present in 63 @entity1 (27.4%). Among those @entity1 , @entity10963 were the most common type of delusion (38, 60.3%), followed by misidentification @entity8143 (12, 19.0%), then mixed @entity8143 (11, 17.5%). Expansive @entity8143 are rare in drug-na  ve probable @entity195 @entity1 . Compared with @entity10963 , misidentification and mixed @entity8143 appeared at a later stage, and were associated with greater @entity73 . Mixed @entity8143 were associated with @entity1833 . CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that @entity8143 are associated with global @entity73 . Although @entity10963 are the most common, misidentification and mixed @entity8143 comprised significant portions of @entity8143 in @entity195 @entity1 , and appeared in the later stages of @entity303 .

title: Delusions of Korean @entity1 with XXXX : study of drug-na  ve @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid delusions']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusions']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thoracic sympatholysis and sympathectomy are the current standard treatments for primary @entity1119 . In this study, we evaluated the incidence of peri- and postoperative complications associated with these procedures. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1996 to 2004, 520 consecutive @entity1 (364 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 26.8 years, were treated for primary @entity1119 at our hospital. The procedure was bilateral in all but 24 cases. The 484 @entity1 in the sympatholysis group underwent a single intervention while the 36 @entity1 in the sympathectomy group underwent 2 separate interventions. RESULTS: No @entity204 occurred. @entity3797 of the target area was achieved in 97.6% of @entity1 while 2.2% experienced @entity3797 . In 0.2% of the cases, the procedure was initially unsuccessful and a second intervention was required. The mean duration of hospital stay was 72 hours for @entity1 in the sympathectomy group and 17 hours for the sympatholysis group. Serious intraoperative complications requiring conversion to thoracotomy were recorded in 0.2% of @entity1 . @entity260 --of which pneumothorax was the most common--occurred in 5.2% of the cases (in 22.5% of the sympathectomy group and 3.55% of the sympatholysis group). @entity1119 occurred in 48.4% of the @entity1 , excessive @entity2133 and @entity1736 in 0.38%, and gustatory sweating in 0.9%. The degree of @entity1 satisfaction was quite high (88.5%) and only 2.3% were very unsatisfied. CONCLUSIONS: Given the results obtained, we can conclude that both sympatholysis and sympathectomy are appropriate treatments for @entity1119 . Nonetheless, because sympatholysis is both easier to perform and less aggressive, we consider it the treatment of choice for primary @entity1119 .

title: [Results of high bilateral endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy and sympatholysis in the treatment of primary XXXX : a study of 1016 procedures].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dryness of the hands']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral ptosis']

entities_list: @entity3797 :: ('MESH:D007007', 'Disease') :: ['Anhidrosis', 'hypohidrosis']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because epidemiologic data indicate a @entity43 risk with increased parity, the occurrence of maternal immunization against @entity43 -associated antigens during pregnancy was investigated. METHODS: Sera were obtained from nulligravid and multiparous @entity1 and from @entity1 . Cellular proteins were isolated from four @entity43 cell lines as well as from normal ovaries. These proteins were separated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, and the presence of cellular proteins reactive with each individual's serum was assessed by Western immunoblot. Tumor-reactive antibodies from two multiparous @entity1 were used to prepare immunoaffinity columns for the isolation of reactive proteins from @entity43 cells. These immunoaffinity-purified antigens were transferred electrophoretically to @entity12142 membranes, stained with Ponceau S, and identified by @entity535 sequencing. RESULTS: Western immunoblot analysis of the cellular proteins from four established @entity43 cell lines using sera from multiparous @entity1 as the primary antibody indicated that these samples recognized multiple bands on @entity43 , ranging from 30 to 150 kD. Two commonly recognized proteins were isolated and subjected to microsequencing, which identified the 56-kD band protein as elongation factor-1 alpha and the 38-kD protein as nucleophosmin/B23 protein. Both of these proteins play integral roles in cell growth. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that certain antigens expressed by the fetus immunize @entity1 during pregnancy. This immune response may protect these @entity1 from the subsequent development of @entity5 .

title: Induction of immune responses to XXXX antigens by multiparity.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian tumor', 'reduction in ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity12142 :: ('CHEBI:53325', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrocellulose']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumor']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: (1) To describe the incidence rate of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ); and (2) to investigate MVC risk factors in @entity27 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective case-series observational study was conducted using data from the West Australian Sleep Health Study at a tertiary hospital-based sleep clinic. @entity1 were @entity1 (N = 2,673) referred for assessment of suspected @entity25 @entity1353 . Questionnaire data were collected including age, sex, years of driving, near-misses and MVCs, @entity25 , and consumption of @entity167 and caffeinated drinks. Overnight laboratory-based polysomnography was performed using standard methodology.(1) Poisson univariate and negative binomial multivariable regression models were used to investigate associations between risk factors and MVC and near-miss risk in @entity1 with untreated @entity27 . RESULTS: In @entity1 with untreated @entity27 , the crash rate was 0.06 MVC/ @entity1 -year compared with the general community crash rate of 0.02 MVC/ @entity1 -year. The rate ratio comparing very sleepy @entity1 with normal @entity1 was 4.68 (95% CI 3.07, 7.14) for near-misses and 1.27 (95% CI 1.00, 1.61) for crashes, after adjusting for confounders. In @entity1 there was a significant association with @entity25 score (p = 0.02) but no dose effect across quartiles. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated @entity27 is associated with an increased risk of near-misses in @entity1 and @entity1 and an increased risk of MVCs in very sleepy @entity1 . There is a strong association between excessive @entity25 and increased report of near-misses. Our data support the observation that it is those @entity1 with @entity25 regardless of @entity27 severity who are most at risk.

title: Excessive XXXX increases the risk of motor vehicle crash @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep disordered', 'daytime sleepiness', 'increased sleepiness']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['daytime sleepiness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Clinical, epidemiological and biochemical studies strongly support the concept that the @entity1561 is a hepatic manifestation of the @entity209 . Insulin resistance is a common factor connecting @entity28 , @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity2299 with @entity1560 and the progression of @entity99 to @entity1560 , @entity82 , @entity82 and @entity157 . Since identification of cardiovascular risk factors is the first step in their prevention, the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of some risk factors in @entity1 with @entity1560 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 130 @entity1 who met @entity209 criteria; their demographic and anthropometric characteristics were analyzed and some clinical characteristics were determined, such as smoking habit, arterial pressure and @entity167 intake. Routine biochemical analyses were carried out by a standard laboratory procedure. @entity1560 was detected by the abdominal ultrasound. Modified criteria of the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III were used to describe the @entity209 . RESULTS: The study group consisted of 72 subjects (55.38%), who had been found by ultrasound to have @entity1560 , whereas the control group included 58 respondents (44.62%) without pathological ultrasound findings. Differences in the @entity1560 were highly statistically significant between the groups. The values of body mass index (33.56 +/- 6.05 vs 30.56 +/- 4.23 kg/m2; p = 0.001), @entity413 (6.23 +/- 0.95 vs 5.76 +/- 0.88 mmol/l; p < 0.01) and @entity165 (6.66 +/- 1.30 vs 6.23 +/- 0.95; p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the @entity1 with @entity1560 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the @entity1 from the study group had a high percentage of cardiovascular risk factors.

title: [Cardiovascular disease risk factors in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['number of fatty liver', 'fatty liver than in those without fatty liver', 'Hepatic steatosis', 'steatohepatitis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Along with the elevation of survival rate of very low birth weight @entity1 (VLBWI), the enteral feeding of VLBWI has become one of the most important factors, which influence the length of stay, short and long-term prognosis. This study aimed to explore safe and effective clinical protocols of VLBWI enteral feeding. METHOD: According to different correlative degree of related factors to VLBWI enteral feeding, different scoring system was formulated for the enteral feeding and monitoring proposal of VLBWI. The safety and efficacy of the score system was evaluated. RESULT: Forty-eight VLBWIs in group A was not treated with any score system, gestational age (30.0    2.1) weeks, birth weight (1173    170) g; while 48 VLBWIs in group B were guided with the scoring system, gestational age (30.3    1.7) weeks, birth weight (1133    238) g, there was no significant difference between two groups. The incidence of newborn @entity649 of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P = 0.016). The time of umbilical catheterization of group B was longer than that of group A. There was no significant difference in the incidence of other complications between two groups. The beginning milk volume, milk volume on the third, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, twenty-eight day of group B were significantly higher than that of group A [5.6 vs. 3.5 ml/(kg  d), P = 0.008, 12.3 vs. 5.7 ml/(kg  d), P = 0.000, 29.1 vs 8.9 ml/(kg  d), P = 0.000, 62.5 vs. 44.6 ml/(kg  d), P = 0.020, 98.1 vs. 71.5 ml/(kg  d), P = 0.005, 128.0 vs. 102.4 ml/(kg  d), P = 0.011]. The time achieving full enteral feeding of group B was shorter than that of group A (26.7 vs 32.9d, P = 0.007). The incidence of @entity3166 in group B was lower than that of group A(0/48 vs. 4/48, P = 0.041). There was no significant difference of the total @entity535 dosage between two groups. The total dosage of fatty emulsion was less, and the duration of parenteral nutrition was shorter in group B than in group A (50.3 vs. 73.9 g/kg, P = 0.000, 31.5 vs. 37.8 d, P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in length of stay between two groups. VLBWI of group B began to gain weight earlier [5.0 (4.3, 6.0) vs. 5.0 (5.0, 7.0) d, P = 0.028], regained birth weight earlier (9.2 vs. 11.6 d, P = 0.001), and got more weight in the second week (178 vs. 138 g, P = 0.020). CONCLUSION: VLBWI guided with the scoring system achieved full enteral feeding faster, and shortened the duration of parenteral nutrition without increasing the incidence of @entity3166 .

title: [Clinical research of the enteral feeding of very low birth weight XXXX guided with a scoring system].

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Recent studies have found that severe surfactant dysfunction occurs during an @entity565 attack, but the changes in surfactant in a @entity840 model of @entity102 have not been studied. We therefore analysed the surfactant recovered from @entity840 after repeated inhalation of ovalbumin to see if the surfactant recovered from chronic @entity748 lungs would be intrinsically altered. @entity840 immunized through repeated inhalation of aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) were exposed to the antigen once a week for a month. Twenty-four hours after the last challenge the alveolar wash was recovered. We calculated saturated @entity2434 (Sat-PC) and total protein (TP) pool sizes in alveolar spaces. Surfactant subtype conversion of large aggregate surfactant (LA) to small aggregate surfactant was studied in vitro by means of the surface area cycling technique. The phospholipid composition of LA was analysed by thin layer chromatography and the surface activity of LA was also determined. We found decreased surfactant pool sizes, decreased ratio of Sat-PC to TP in alveolar lavages in @entity565 groups, and surface activity of the surfactant recovered from @entity748 lungs to be inferior to that of the controls. Accelerated surfactant subtype conversion in vitro was also noted in the lungs of @entity748 animal models. In addition, the changes in phospholipid compositions which were similar to the pattern of @entity647 suggested that @entity32 might be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity102 . These results indicate that surfactant is intrinsically abnormal in chronically @entity748 lungs.

title: Compositional and functional changes of pulmonary surfactant in a @entity840 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic asthma']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 28-year-old @entity1 in her fourth pregnancy had a positive direct Race-Coombs test in her 14th week of pregnancy. About 6 weeks later she developed marked @entity417 , severe @entity882 and @entity1431 with @entity1415 as well as petechiae over the lower abdomen and the inguinal regions. INVESTIGATIONS: Platelet count was 7000/microliter, haemoglobin concentration 4.8 mmol/l (7.73 g/dl) and WBC count 2600/microliter). Bleeding time was markedly prolonged. Erythrocyte-attached immunoglobulin G and complement components as well as antithrombocyte and antigranulocyte antibodies were demonstrated. Haemoblastosis or @entity2150 was excluded by bone marrow examination. TREATMENT AND COURSE: The @entity3043 with @entity3039 , @entity417 and associated @entity1431 were classified as @entity5934 . Administration of glucocorticoids and of immunoglobulins intravenously for 5 days failed to improve the blood picture significantly. But platelet count rose significantly on immunoadsorption (Ig Therasorb columns), allowing the pregnancy to proceed. CONCLUSION: In life-threatening states Ig immunoadsorption can achieve well tolerated, effective and specific elimination of pathogenetically relevant antibodies against blood cells and can also be applied in pregnant @entity1 .

title: [Immune @entity882 , @entity417 and XXXX during pregnancy. Successful therapy with extracorporeal immunoadsorption].

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'autohaemolytic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['nose-bleeds']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity1431 :: (MESH:D007970,Disease) :: ['leukopenia']


abstract: It has recently been described that the maximal respiratory effort developed at the end of an @entity386 (Pesmax)--which is regarded as an index of arousal threshold in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 )--increases progressively during the night, probably as a consequence of associated @entity1949 . In order to find out whether the nocturnal trend of Pesmax may be more influenced by a sleep-dependent circadian rhythm than by @entity1949 , we revised the polygraphic recordings of 37 @entity1 in whom obstructive @entity386 were recorded for at least 7 hours. In 15 of these @entity1 , analysis was made for eight hours of the night. During each hour we analyzed at least 7 obstructive @entity386 , in which we measured the minimal esophageal pressure at the start of the @entity386 , the maximum value recorded at the end of the @entity386 (Pesmax), the difference from the minimum to the maximum (delta Pes), and the rate of increase in esophageal pressure (RPes). As indices of @entity1949 , we defined the number of arousals, awakenings and sleep state transitions. In the group of @entity1 as a whole, we found a trend toward a gradual increase for @entity386 duration (F = 98.8, p < 0.001) and Pesmax F = 31.6, p < 0.001) which was significant from the first to the last hour. The time-dependent evolution of @entity386 duration and Pesmax showed that the rise in these two variables peaked during the first 3 hours of sleep, followed by a plateau and a decrease in the last hour of the night. This temporal profile was more evident when the analysis was available for 8 hours. No significant changes across the night were found for nocturnal @entity519 and number of arousals. Considering the slope of Pesmax changes across the night, we saw that neither the @entity386 + @entity387 index nor the indices of @entity1949 affected the nocturnal trend. The present data demonstrate the presence of a nocturnal trend in arousal threshold in @entity27 @entity1 independent of @entity1949 . The biphasic evolution of the arousal threshold may be caused by factors that influence the circadian and homeostatic processes.

title: Arousal threshold to respiratory stimuli in XXXX @entity1 : evidence for a sleep-dependent temporal rhythm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['OSA']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the diagnosis and management of adults attending a @entity2587 clinic, to establish to what extent the management of the two most common injuries treated at this clinic is evidence based, and to explore factors that affect management. METHODS: A retrospective examination of 100 random case notes extracted age, sex, sport, type and site of injury, treatment, and outcome. Systematic literature reviews examined the extent and quality of scientific evidence for the management of the two most commonly presenting injuries. A clinical attachment period and practitioner interviews allowed recognition of factors impinging on management decisions. RESULTS: @entity158 ( @entity158 ; 10% of all injuries) and @entity924 (6% of all injuries) were the most commonly presenting injuries. The mean (SD) number of treatments used for @entity158 was 2.8 (0.9). The mean number of treatments used for @entity924 was 3.7 (1.0). Clinicians reported that personal experience formed the basis of management plans in 44% of @entity158 cases and 59% of @entity924 cases, and that primary research evidence only accounted for 24% of management plans in @entity158 and 14% in @entity924 . Practitioners were unaware of literature supporting over 50% of the treatment modalities they used. However, clinicians were often using evidence based treatments, unaware of the supporting research data. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights a lack of evidence base, a lack of knowledge of the research evidence, and a lack of management based on the current evidence that is available for these conditions. Practitioners practised evidence based medicine in under 50% of cases.

title: How evidence based is the management of two common XXXX in a @entity2587 clinic?

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injury']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['PFPS', 'Patellofemoral pain syndrome']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['sports injuries']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyse the proliferative fraction with the monoclonal antibody M1-R-R to M1-subunit @entity2151 reductase and with @entity1758 to Ki-67 antigen in relation to @entity876 protein expression in fine needle aspirates from B-cell @entity1893 . One hundred and thirty-seven cases, previously diagnosed and sub-typed according to the Kiel classification and characterized by immunophenotyping, were included in the study. The M-1 subunit @entity2151 reductase (M1-R-R), Ki-67 and @entity876 antigens were detected using monoclonal antibodies on stored cytospin preparations. There was a good correlation (r = 0.72) between Ki-67 and M1-R-R positive cell fraction in both high and low grade @entity706 . @entity1893 had a median percentage of M1-R-R/ @entity1758 positive cells of 53.0/73.0 for lymphoblastic, 61.0/52.0 for immunoblastic and 33.5/41.0 for @entity706 , respectively. In low grade @entity706 figures of median percentage of M1-R-R/ @entity1758 were 9.0/15.0 for centroblastic/centrocytic, 11.0/9.5 for @entity6444 , 16.0/27.0 for centrocytic and 12.0/9.0 for immunocytomas, respectively. The median percentages of M1-R-R/ @entity1758 for high and low grade @entity706 were 37.0/50.5 and 11.0/12.0, respectively. In the @entity876 positive cases the proliferation rate as measured by staining for M1-R-R and @entity1758 was higher than in @entity876 negative cases, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results show that cytospin material obtained by fine needle aspiration and stored at -70 degrees C for years can be used reliably for both peroxidase-avidin- @entity1885 and three-step alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemical staining. In addition, proliferation fraction determined by M1-R-R monoclonal antibody staining correlates well with that measured by an established marker for cell proliferation, the Ki-67 antibody. However, the proliferation fraction as measured by the two antibodies differs in the various subtypes of @entity1893 which indicates that they may contribute different prognostic information.

title: Analysis of proliferating cell fraction determined by monoclonal antibody to M1-subunit @entity2151 reductase and Ki-67 in relation to @entity876 protein expression in fine-needle aspirates from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['centroblastic lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'High-grade lymphomas', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: @entity14725 ( @entity14725 ) syndrome is the first reported disease caused by a defect in the tubulin folding and assembly pathway. We aimed to summarize our experience with a cohort of @entity1 with @entity14725 , analyze their growth, and evaluate @entity1 ' polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) functions. The records of 22 @entity14725 @entity1 in a single medical center were reviewed. Growth during infancy and early childhood were analyzed by the Infancy-Childhood-Puberty (ICP) growth model. PMN functions were compared with healthy controls. Twelve @entity1 died and many hospitalizations due to @entity281 and @entity410 were recorded. Growth measurements, expressed as weight and height SD scores in @entity1 at a mean age of 4 y were -13.1+/-3.8 and -8.7+/-1 and -16.6+/-4.4 and -9.5+/-2.4, respectively, in @entity1 at a mean age of 6.4 y. Chemotactic migration, random migration, and phagocytosis of PMN from @entity14725 @entity1 were significantly lower than that of PMN from healthy controls. No significant differences were found in @entity224 production of PMN from @entity1 compared with controls. Functional hyposplenism has been demonstrated in most of the studied @entity1 . The defect in the tubulin folding and assembly pathway, previously described in @entity14725 , has grave consequences on growth and PMN functions.

title: XXXX syndrome: impaired early growth and increased susceptibility to severe @entity281 due to hyposplenism and impaired polymorphonuclear cell functions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity14725 :: ('MESH:C537157', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoparathyroidism, retardation, and dysmorphism', 'HRD']

answer: @entity14725 :: (MESH:C537157,Disease) :: ['Hypoparathyroidism, retardation, and dysmorphism']


abstract: Lepidium meyenii (Brassicaceae), known as Maca, is a Peruvian hypocotyl that grows exclusively between 4000 and 4500 m above sea level in the central Andes. Maca is traditionally employed in the Andean region for its supposed fertility-enhancing properties. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that different ecotypes of Maca (Red, Yellow and Black) after short-term (7 days) and long-term (42 days) treatment affects differentially spermatogenesis adult @entity35 . After 7 days of treatment with Yellow and Red Maca, the length of stage VIII was increased (P<0.05), whereas with Black Maca stages II-VI and VIII were increased (P<0.05). Daily sperm production (DSP) was increased in the group treated with Black Maca compared with control values (P<0.05). Red or Yellow Maca did not alter DSP and @entity1319 was not affected by treatment with any ecotype of Maca. After 42 days of treatment, Black Maca was the only ecotype that enhanced DSP (P<0.05). Moreover, Black Maca was the only that increased @entity1319 (P<0.05). In relation to the control group, Red Maca did not affect testicular and epididymal weight nor @entity1319 and sperm count; however, prostate weight was reduced (P<0.05). Black or Yellow Maca did not affect prostate weight. In conclusion, there were differences in the biological response of the three ecotypes of Maca (Yellow, Red and Black). Black Maca appeared to have more beneficial effect on sperm counts and @entity1319 .

title: Effect of short-term and long-term treatments with three ecotypes of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) on spermatogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['epididymal sperm motility']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The action of two potential anticonvulsants, @entity53534 (10-50 mg/kg i.p.) and @entity53535 (1.25-20 mg/kg i.p.) against @entity5093 -induced @entity410 was studied in @entity35 7, 12, 18 and 25 days old. Two types of motor @entity410 --minimal, clonic and major, generalized tonic-clonic--were elicited by a 100-mg/kg dose of @entity5093 (s.c.) and their incidence and latency were evaluated. The severity of @entity410 was expressed as a score on a 5-point scale. @entity3733 , an organic solvent, exhibited anticonvulsant action only in doses far exceeding those used for dissolving the two anticonvulsants. Both drugs suppressed minimal as well as major @entity410 in all age groups studied in a dose-dependent manner, @entity53535 being approximately four times more potent than @entity53534 . The latencies could be measured only in animals given low doses of anticonvulsants. @entity53534 did not change the latencies whereas @entity53535 prolonged them. The severity of @entity410 was decreased again in a dose-dependent manner. There were only minor changes in the efficacy of @entity53534 among the four age groups. On the contrary, @entity53535 exhibited an extreme efficacy in 7-day-old @entity35 pups, where even the 1.25 mg/kg dose significantly decreased the incidence and severity of @entity410 . The efficacy in the remaining three age groups was approximately at the same level as in adult @entity35 .

title: Antimetrazol action of two potential anticonvulsants, XXXX and @entity53535 , in immature @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethylsulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['metrazol']

answer: @entity53534 :: (MESH:C045387,Chemical) :: ['CM 40907']


abstract: OBJECT: The atlantoaxial joint is the location most and earliest affected in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). In longstanding disease, ligamentous and osseous destruction can progress and involve all cervical segments. If surgical intervention is necessary, some prefer, to be safe, undertaking fusion to the occiput, whereas others advocate 1-level fusion of C1-2. Sparing the occiput (Oc)-C1 segment would allow retention of a considerable amount of physiological range of motion and seems beneficial against subaxial overload. Previous clinical studies on this topic have provided only nonspecific data after short-term follow-up, rendering a segment-sparing approach questionable. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess long-term progression of inflammatory or degenerative destruction in the @entity25875 segment after isolated C1-2 fusion for @entity309 . METHODS: In a series of 113 consecutive @entity1 with @entity309 -related destruction restricted to the craniocervical junction, 14 individuals underwent Oc-C2 fusion and 99 underwent surgery exclusively at the C1-2 level. After a mean follow-up period of 9.4 years (range 4.9-14.7 years), 46 @entity1 were available for clinical and radiographic examination, including CT imaging. RESULTS: None of the 46 @entity1 needed additional surgery to extend the fusion to the occiput. Despite marked deterioration in the subaxial cervical spine, in general there were little or no changes in the atlantooccipital region. All but one @entity1 presented with bony fusion of the fixed C1-2 level at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation suggest that if the @entity25875 joint is free of osseous destructions on conventional radiographs and free of abnormalities on MRI scans at the time of surgery (for transarticular fixation and fusion of C1-2), there is a very low risk for relevant destruction in the following 5-14 years. Thus, no prophylactic oligosegmental approach, but rather a segment-sparing monosegmental approach, is preferred, even in @entity1 with high inflammatory levels.

title: Is inclusion of the occiput necessary in fusion for C1-2 instability in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: This paper describes the cloning and characterisation of two @entity554 -related orphan receptor (ROR)-y homologues (ROR-ya1 and -ya2) in @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ). The coding region predicted for both homologues consists of 1410 base pairs (bp), which translate into two 469 @entity535 (aa) proteins. The trout ROR-ys revealed a high conservation of both DNA- and ligand-binding domains (functional regions of the nuclear receptor family), and shared a high homology to @entity1 ROR-yt. A phylogenetic tree containing ROR family members confirmed that both trout homologues clustered within the ROR-y group. Both results suggested that these molecules are likely to be ROR-y homologues, more similar to the @entity1 splice variant ROR-yt than the full length ROR-y. Expression analysis of tissues obtained from healthy fish revealed highest constitutive expression of trout ROR-y in muscle, followed by the brain, heart and skin. This suggests that these genes may play an important role in such tissues. In vitro studies, using trout cell lines, demonstrated that ROR-y is induced significantly by @entity558 and down-regulated by the presence of PolyI:C and recombinant interferon (IFN)-y. Moreover, analysis of this gene in head kidney macrophages and mixed primary leucocyte cultures indicated that differences were apparent between the different cell types/sources used, indicating that its expression may be cell-type dependent. Additional studies to investigate the regulation of this gene in vivo demonstrated that its expression was significantly higher in vaccinated vs unvaccinated fish following bacterial ( @entity8012 ) challenge but it was down-regulated after a viral (VHSV) infection. This suggests a potential role of trout ROR-y, a putative T(H)17 transcription factor, in protection against extracellular bacteria.

title: Cloning and expression analysis of two ROR-y homologues (ROR-ya1 and ROR-ya2) in XXXX @entity5660 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8012 :: ('29486', 'Species') :: ['Yersinia ruckeri']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity53376 family of proteins plays a key role in the regulation of apoptosis. Some family members prevent apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli, whereas others promote apoptosis. Competitive dimerisation between family members is thought to regulate their function. Homologous domains within individual proteins are necessary for interactions with other family members and for activity, although the specific mechanisms might differ between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. RESULTS: Using a cell-free system based on extracts of @entity1238 eggs, we have investigated the role of the @entity53376 homology domain 3 ( @entity2424 ) from different members of the @entity53376 family. @entity2424 domains from the pro-apoptotic proteins @entity53377 and @entity53378 , but not the @entity2424 domain of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity53376 , induced apoptosis in this system, as determined by the rapid activation of specific apoptotic proteases (caspases) and by DNA fragmentation. The apoptosis-inducing activity of the @entity2424 domains requires both membrane and cytosolic fractions of cytoplasm, involves the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and is antagonistic to @entity53376 function. Short peptides, corresponding to the minimal sequence of @entity2424 domains required to bind anti-apoptotic @entity53376 family proteins, also trigger apoptosis in this system. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2424 domains of pro-apoptotic proteins are sufficient to trigger cytochrome c release, caspase activation and apoptosis. These results support a model in which pro-apoptotic proteins, such as @entity53377 and @entity53378 , bind to @entity53376 via their @entity2424 domains, inactivating the normal ability of @entity53376 to suppress apoptosis. The ability of synthetic peptides to reproduce the effect of pro-apoptotic @entity2424 domains suggests that such peptides may provide the basis for engineering reagents to control the initiation of apoptosis.

title: Regulation of apoptosis by XXXX domains in a cell-free system.

answer: @entity2424 :: (MESH:C006008,Chemical) :: ['BH3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1372 channel blocker @entity43531 (619C89) prevents @entity63 -induced @entity2227 release and is neuroprotective in animal models of @entity64 . Previous clinical experience found @entity146 effects attributed to @entity43531 that may have been related to peak plasma concentrations of the drug. METHODS: @entity1 within 12 h of clinically diagnosed @entity64 were randomized to placebo or @entity43531 at total doses of 10, 18, 27, or 36 mg/kg by continuous intravenous infusion over 65 h. Pharmacokinetic and routine laboratory analyses were undertaken. The outcome at 30 days or 3 months was assessed by Barthel and Rankin scores. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were recruited: 7 of 21 @entity1 stopped the @entity43531 infusion early due to adverse events as compared with none of 6 placebo @entity1 . Neuropsychiatric effects (reduced consciousness, @entity2146 , @entity911 , @entity132 , or @entity1833 ) occurred in 16 of 21 @entity1 receiving @entity43531 and in no placebo @entity1 . @entity390 , @entity391 , infusion site reactions, and @entity2753 were also commoner in @entity43531 @entity1 . Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those observed previously. No effects on outcome measures were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous infusion of @entity43531 is associated with @entity146 effects. No difference in the nature of these events was evident between this regimen and repeated short infusions, but it was possible to administer higher doses.

title: Phase II clinical trial of @entity43531 (619C89) by continuous infusion in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity43531 :: ('MESH:C081980', 'Chemical') :: ['sipatrigine']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['visual perceptual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['frank hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity27975 gene was cloned and mapped to chromosome 11p15, a site suspected to contain a @entity5 suppressor gene involved in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . Subsequent investigation described the presence of abnormally spliced transcripts and point mutations of @entity27975 in @entity0 . Thus, we performed RT-PCR amplification of the entire open reading frame of @entity27975 to test for aberrant transcripts in various @entity1 @entity5 cell lines derived from breast, bladder, head and neck, and @entity2 . In addition, we performed RT-PCR on cDNA from primary @entity1 @entity0 tissue. We found a single band of the expected size in 10 of 11 @entity0 and 6 of 6 @entity3969 samples after the first round of PCR. The remaining @entity0 sample displayed a barely visible smaller band. However, aberrant bands appeared in most cases after performing nested PCR casting doubt on the physiologic relevance of these spliced variants. We then searched for small intragenic mutations by complete sequence analysis of @entity27975 in @entity0 cell lines and @entity5 , as well as in @entity3969 and normal fetal and adult kidney. No point mutations were found in any of the samples, including four @entity0 with @entity393 at 11p15. We found no consistent evidence of aberrant splicing or point mutations in @entity0 or @entity3969 suggesting that @entity27975 is not a primary target of inactivation in @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Absence of XXXX transcript abnormalities in @entity1 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ["breast and Wilms' tumor", 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor", "Wilms' tumors"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal loss']

answer: @entity27975 :: (7251,Gene) :: ['TSG101']


abstract: Neglected instabilities or luxations of the upper cervical spine in @entity1 are rare if one discards conditions such as @entity1610 , Down Syndrome or others, were the spine is known to be at high risk of instability. We have studied twenty cases of neglected luxations and the delay in diagnosis is explained either by the asymptomatic character of some of these lesions, or by the difficulty in diagnosis. At the occipito-atlantal level we have reviewed: an instability in translation which required an occipito-axial fusion; two compensatory counter occipito-atlantal luxation of an atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. The diagnosis was best made with computed tomography scan and the treatment was not much different from the @entity9807 . An instability in flexion extension, which was merely followed at regular intervals. At the atlanto-axial level 9 cases of sagittal instabilities in @entity1513 and translation with a distance between atlas and @entity2270 of more than 5 mm were observed. These instabilities were most often associated with a @entity600 ; their treatment was usually surgical by means of an atlanto-axial or occipito-axial arthrodesis depending on the case. 9 other cases of atlanto-axial rotatory luxations were either isolated (7 cases) or associated with a counter occipito- @entity7194 (2 cases). Their diagnosis was made on routine X-rays, but the complete or incomplete aspect of the luxation, as well as its fixed aspect, was best appreciated with dynamic CT scan. Their treatment was always started with collar neck or halo traction in order to obtain, @entity3029 , or at least the disparition of the torticollis and the head straight up on shoulders. The stability of the spine was achieved with a minerva cast jacket, halo cast or spine fusion depending on the case.

title: [Instability and misdiagnosed or neglected dislocations of the upper cervical spine in XXXX . Apropos of 20 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['atlantal rotatory subluxation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation of the cranio-cervical junction']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['isolated atlanto-axial rotatory luxation']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of the dislocation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), so the safety and activity of anti-B cell immunotherapy with the humanized anti- @entity10317 antibody epratuzumab was evaluated in @entity1252 @entity1 . An open-label, single-center study of 14 @entity1 with moderately active @entity1252 (total British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) score 6 to 12) was conducted. @entity1 received 360 mg/m2 epratuzumab intravenously every 2 weeks for 4 doses with analgesic/antihistamine premedication (but no @entity230 ) prior to each dose. Evaluations at 6, 10, 18 and 32 weeks (6 months post-treatment) follow-up included safety, @entity1252 activity (BILAG score), blood levels of epratuzumab, B and T cells, immunoglobulins, and human anti-epratuzumab antibody (HAHA) titers. Total BILAG scores decreased by > or = 50% in all 14 @entity1 at some point during the study (including 77% with a > or = 50% decrease at 6 weeks), with 92% having decreases of various amounts continuing to at least 18 weeks (where 38% showed a >/= 50% decrease). Almost all @entity1 (93%) experienced improvements in at least one BILAG B- or C-level disease activity at 6, 10 and 18 weeks. Additionally, 3 @entity1 with multiple BILAG B involvement at baseline had completely resolved all B-level disease activities by 18 weeks. Epratuzumab was well tolerated, with a median infusion time of 32 minutes. Drug serum levels were measurable for at least 4 weeks post-treatment and detectable in most samples at 18 weeks. B cell levels decreased by an average of 35% at 18 weeks and remained @entity308 at 6 months post-treatment. Changes in routine safety laboratory tests were infrequent and without any consistent pattern, and there was no evidence of immunogenicity or significant changes in T cells, immunoglobulins, or autoantibody levels. In @entity1 with mild to moderate active lupus, 360 mg/m2 epratuzumab was well tolerated, with evidence of clinical improvement after the first infusion and durable clinical benefit across most body systems. As such, multicenter controlled studies are being conducted in broader @entity1 populations.

title: Initial clinical trial of epratuzumab (humanized anti- @entity10317 antibody) for immunotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity12965 is a member of the Siphovirus family of dsDNA bacteriophages. It is similar in architecture to @entity5999 , the type member of this family, with an icosahedral capsid of triangulation number T = 7. No high-resolution structural information is available for the dsDNA phages, and @entity12965 is the only dsDNA bacteriophage capsid to produce crystals which diffract X-rays. At 650 A in diameter, the large size of the particle and resultant large unit cell create crystallographic challenges. The empty Head II (mature) particles were expressed in @entity526 and assembled in vitro, but they have the same morphology as the mature @entity12965 capsid. Previously reported Head II crystals diffracting to 3.5 A resolution are examined here in detail. Although the cell dimensions suggest an orthorhombic lattice, further analysis demonstrated that the space group was monoclinic. This has been confirmed by the present study. Images were recorded on the F1 beamline at CHESS and they were processed and scaled, resulting in a data set with a cumulative completeness of 65% and a scaling R factor of 7.7% to 7 A. The cell dimensions after post-refinement were a = 580, b = 626, c = 788 A, beta = 90.0 degrees. From the particle dimensions determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), there were determined to be two particles per unit cell. Systematic absences of even reflections along the 0k0 lattice line indicate that the space group is P21. The rotation function was used to determine the orientation of the particles in the unit cell and to confirm the space group. An @entity2270 is approximately, but not exactly, aligned with the crystallographic screw (b) @entity2270 . An @entity2270 orthogonal to the one approximately parallel to the b @entity2270 , is rotated 18 degrees away from the a @entity2270 . The centers of the two particles must be positioned close to the minimum-energy packing arrangement for spheres, which places one particle at ((1/4), 0, (1/4)) and the other particle at ((3/4), (1/2), (3/4)). The particle position and orientation were confirmed by calculating a Patterson function. The particles interact closely along icosahedral threefold axes, which occurs both along the crystallographic a @entity2270 and along the b @entity2270 . The particle dimensions derived from this packing arrangement agree well with those determined by cryo-EM and image reconstruction. The cryo-EM reconstruction will be used as a model to initiate phase determination; structure determination at 7 A is under way.

title: Crystallographic analysis of the dsDNA XXXX mature empty capsid.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis', 'icosahedral twofold axis']

entities_list: @entity5999 :: ('10710', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage lambda']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity12965 :: (37554,Species) :: ['bacteriophage HK97']