abstract: Fifty-nine @entity1 with severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) performed pulmonary function and exercise tests before and after participation in a 12-day pulmonary rehabilitation inpatient program. Postdischarge follow-ups were performed at three months. Training consisted of twice daily aerobic exercise of 30 to 40 minutes' duration. Intensity of training was determined after exercise testing and approached the maximal limits of ventilation. In general, the program failed to demonstrate significant changes in pulmonary function. Exceptions were mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75) (p less than .02) and peak flow rate (p less than .05). Evaluation of exercise capacity via maximal exercise testing yielded significant increases in caloric expenditure (p less than .001), peak exercise @entity26 consumption (p less than .001), and work output (p less than .0001). Peak exercise ventilation increased significantly (p less than .005) due to an increase in tidal volume (p less than .002). Work efficiency improved with training, but the change was not statistically significant. Resting @entity26 consumption and @entity544 production were decreased (p less than .05); tidal volume was increased (p less than .005). However, the significant increase noted in tidal volume did not alter minute ventilation. In general, the changes noted at 12 days were maintained at three months postdischarge. These data support the hypothesis that a short-term, in-hospital program of general exercise conditioning can improve work output, gas exchange, and mechanical efficiency without significantly affecting spirometric indices. These changes may translate into improved performance of activities of daily living and a sense of general well-being.

title: Exercise conditioning in the rehabilitation of XXXX with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Considering the limited information on the ability of @entity32 to induce behavioral alterations, including on their persistence after inflammatory stimuli termination and on associated neurochemical perturbations, this study assessed the effects of chronic (0.25mg/kg; i.p.; twice weekly) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on selected behavioral, neurochemical and molecular measures at different time points in adult male C57BL/6 @entity19 . Behaviorally, LPS-treated @entity19 were hypoactive after 6 weeks, whereas significant @entity2915 was observed after 12 weeks of LPS and 11 weeks after 13 week LPS treatment termination. Similar biphasic responses, i.e., early decrease followed by a delayed increase were observed in the open field test center time, suggestive of, respectively, increased and decreased @entity148 . In a forced swim test, @entity19 exhibited increased immobility ( @entity146 ) at all times they were tested. Chronic LPS also produced persistent increase in splenic @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and time-dependent, brain region-specific alterations in striatal and prefrontocortical @entity935 and @entity750 homeostasis. Microglia, but not astrocytes, were activated by LPS early and late, but their activation did not persist after LPS treatment termination. Above findings demonstrate that @entity32 initially causes @entity458 and increased @entity148 , followed by persistent @entity2915 and decreased @entity148 . Notably, chronic LPS-induced @entity146 appears early, persists long after LPS termination, and is associated with increased splenic @entity750 . Collectively, our data highlight the need for a greater focus on the peripheral/central monoamine alterations and lasting @entity146 induced by @entity32 as there are many pathological conditions where @entity32 of a chronic nature is a hallmark feature.

title: Behavioral and monoamine perturbations in adult male @entity19 with chronic XXXX induced by repeated peripheral lipopolysaccharide administration.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'chronic peripheral inflammation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits', 'depressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactivity']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity5990 is a main public health problem. The overall prevalence data range from 3.9% in the pre-echographic era to 13.7% when ultrasonography was used as a diagnostic tool. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity5990 in a medium income level population in Lima, as well as the relationship with some risk factors: age, sex, familiar history and @entity28 . A total of 534 adult @entity1 and @entity1 from a medium economic level underwent ultrasonographic examination of abdomen for detection of @entity5990 (July 2003). The echographic evaluation was performed by 10 general surgeons trained in ultrasonography. Likewise, 4 risk factors--age, gender, familial history, and @entity28 --were analyzed. Pearson chi2 test (2-sided) was used with a probability of <0.05 for statistical significance and logistic regression analyses for assessment of confounding factors. The prevalence founded was 15%. Eighty-one of 534 @entity1 had @entity9279 . Compared to the age group under 30, the odds ratio for the 31 to 50 years and >50 years of age group was 0.9 and 1.1, respectively. The female-male ratio was 1.07 and the odds ratio 0.8. The prevalence of @entity5990 in @entity1 reporting a first-degree relative with @entity9279 was 21%, whereas in @entity1 without such a condition, it was 13%. On the other hand, a familial history was present in 38% of the @entity9279 group and in 25% of the nonlithiasis group. The odds ratio for familial history was 1.8 (P = 0.01, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.9). The prevalence of the disease for body mass index <24, 25 to 29, and higher than 30 was 17%, 14% and 13%, respectively. Compared to the reference group (body mass index <24), the other 2 groups (body mass index 25-29 and >30) both had a similar odds ratio, 0.8. Logistic regression analyses showed an odds ratio of 1.9 for familiar history (95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2), whereas the odds ratio of the overweight (body mass index 25-29) and @entity28 group (body mass index >30) when compared to the normal group, BMI <24, was 0.7 and 0.9, respectively. The prevalence data for @entity5990 remain slightly higher than those previously reported. Although the familiar history was the only characteristic with a statistically significant positive relationship with @entity9279 , additional studies are needed because few biases could not be completely avoided and some confounding factors were not controlled.

title: Prevalence and risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease', 'Gallstone disease']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstone disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the choice of starting insulin for @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is often a basal or premix insulin analog, there is little evidence to base this decision on. This analysis aimed to determine if measurable clinical characteristics prior to starting insulin could predict differences in improved glycemic control between these options. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A thorough literature search was performed for treat-to-target studies in insulin-na  ve individuals with @entity6 treated with biphasic insulin aspart ( @entity14184 ), a basal insulin analog (insulin glargine or insulin detemir) or NPH insulin regimens once or twice daily plus oral @entity413 -lowering drugs (OGLDs). @entity1 data were pooled and mean baseline age, @entity6 duration, gender, body mass index (BMI), HbA(1c), fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), average postprandial plasma @entity413 over three meals ( @entity2017 ) and bedtime PG were investigated for prediction of improved HbA(1c), FPG or @entity2017 . Statistical analyses employed a linear mixed model with insulin type, OGLD, time and time-squared as fixed effects and @entity1 and trial as random effects. RESULTS: Baseline age (p = 0.022) and bedtime PG (p = 0.036) were inter-related predictors of HbA(1c). In older individuals with higher bedtime PG, @entity14184 appeared to be more beneficial. In contrast, basal insulin appeared to be a better choice in younger individuals with lower bedtime PG. For FPG, BMI (p = 0.011) and post-breakfast PG (p = 0.042) were identified as predictors. Basal insulin appeared to achieve better FPG in @entity1 with lower BMI and higher post-breakfast PG, while @entity14184 appeared to be better in @entity1 with higher BMI and lower post-breakfast PG. Age (p = 0.0347) was the only baseline characteristic associated with differences in average @entity2017 : mean @entity2017 was similar between regimens in younger @entity1 , but @entity14184 achieved better @entity2017 results in older @entity1 . Minor @entity4053 was reported by 56% of @entity14184 - and 45% of basal-treated individuals. The major limitation of the study was that only Novo Nordisk trials were included in the analysis as access to individual @entity1 data was required. As the trials were fairly heterogeneous a strict methodology was used to minimize potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Premix analog rather than basal insulin may be an appropriate choice to target HbA(1c) values in older individuals and those with higher bedtime PG, while basal insulin may be more appropriate to target FPG in @entity1 with lower BMI and higher post-breakfast PG.

title: Starting insulin therapy with basal insulin analog or premix insulin analog in XXXX : a pooled analysis of treat-to-target trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['T2DM']


abstract: General anesthetics render a @entity1 unconscious and may produce @entity4589 at therapeutic doses. No pharmacological agent is available to restore respiration and the mechanism/s of anesthesia or @entity386 is not clearly understood. In this report, we present evidence to show that @entity1510 reversed @entity1576 induced by @entity4490 , @entity3652 , @entity1508 but not that induced by @entity109 . Furthermore, 25 mg/kg, i.v. thiopental, 140 mg/kg, i.v. @entity3652 , and 3% @entity1508 produced anesthesia without significantly altering respiratory rate, increased @entity1246 and decreased @entity2227 (except @entity3652 and @entity109 ) levels in @entity35 brain stem and cortex, but not in caudate and cerebellum. @entity492 , @entity2228 and @entity493 levels were not affected in four brain regions studied. Pretreatment with @entity14405 for 30 minutes did not change @entity1246 or @entity2227 contents, but abolished the anesthetic as well as the respiratory depressant actions of the anesthetics. Increasing the doses of anesthetics produced @entity1576 with further rise in @entity1246 and fall in @entity2227 in brain stem and cortex. @entity1510 reversed @entity4589 and restored @entity1246 close to control values in @entity35 brain stem and cortex with no changes in caudate or cerebellum. Data presented here suggest that @entity1246 may be necessary to produce @entity909 and @entity1510 reverses anesthetic induced @entity1576 .

title: Evidence for involvement of amino acid neurotransmitters in anesthesia and @entity1510 induced reversal of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone', 'Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopental']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity4589 :: (MESH:D012133,Disease) :: ['respiratory paralysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6927 -antitrypsin deficiency is a rare @entity74 . Deficient @entity1 are at a higher risk to develop @entity358 at an early age. The @entity6927 -antitrypsin registry was founded on 1996 to get new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this study the epidemiological and clinical findings of the Austrian @entity6927 -antitrypsin deficient @entity1 are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 139 @entity1 with severe @entity6927 -antitrypsin deficiency, identified by @entity3971 - and genotyping, were evaluated retrospectively by their physicians with the help of a questionnaire. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were smokers or ex-smokers (71.9%) who developed symptoms in their fourth decade. The mean duration between the onset of symptoms and the final diagnosis was 6.5 years. About 25% of the evaluated @entity1 were unable to practice their profession because of their illness. CONCLUSION: @entity6927 -antitrypsin deficiency is a rare condition with delayed diagnosis. Because of the benefit of an early diagnosis further effort should be put towards early detection.

title: [ XXXX -antitrypsin deficiency in Austria: analysis of the Austrian @entity6927 -international-registry database].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung emphysema']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorder']

answer: @entity6927 :: (146,Gene) :: ['Alpha1']


abstract: @entity1462 of the GI tract can be treated by thermal methods, including the YAG laser. The diagnosis of these lesions is not always easy, and it is difficult to evaluate the completeness of therapy of these lesions. We investigated the value of Doppler ultrasound in this respect. The TVD-1 (Key Med) transendoscopic vascular detector using the 2.5 mm diameter probe emitting at 7 MHz, was used through standard endoscopes. Outputs were monitored through a loudspeaker, and imaged on an oscilloscope, or recorded on a mingograph. Diagnostic usefulness was studied in 64 @entity455 , 36 in the colon and 28 in the upper GI tract in ten @entity1 . A Doppler signal was detected in 75% of the lesions, including all lesions larger than 5 mm in diameter. Forty-five lesions in 13 @entity1 were studied before and immediately after laser therapy. Three out of five @entity1 in whom @entity75 persisted after laser treatment rebled, as compared with 2 out of 8 @entity1 with Doppler-negativity. Disappearance of the signal, however, may be transient, and is probably due to laser-induced @entity4 . These results suggest that endoscopic Doppler ultrasound may have a role in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity455 of the GI tract, and should stimulate further research.

title: Transendoscopic Doppler ultrasound: usefulness for diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Doppler-positive lesions']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['vascular malformations']


abstract: ARA occur in approximately 10% of randomly selected @entity1252 @entity1 but in up to 40% of @entity1 with active disease. Anti-P antibodies appear to be a highly specific diagnostic marker for @entity1252 since they are rarely detected in other multisystem @entity792 . ARA are most frequently directed against the P proteins and the shared conserved C-terminus of the P proteins is immunodominant in almost all sera tested. Anti-P antibodies increase in titer in @entity1 with active disease and have been reported to be detected more frequently in @entity1 with severe @entity146 . This may be particularly true of @entity1 with @entity1316 . The clinical utility of serological tests for anti-P in @entity12319 must await large, prospective studies. Other ARA antibodies have been detected in @entity1 with @entity1252 . These antibodies include anti-28S rRNA, anti-S10, and anti- @entity21629 . In all cases, the frequency with which these antibodies are detected is increased in sera containing anti-P. The P proteins and the 28S rRNA epitope play essential, but as yet undefined, roles in GTPase activity on the ribosome. The @entity21629 protein is the @entity1 homologue of the @entity526 and @entity375 proteins known to bind to the 28S rRNA epitope. These findings indicate that some @entity1252 @entity1 produce autoantibodies against multiple components of a functionally related domain of the ribosome. This, in turn, supports the notion that the ribosome initiates and/or maintains autoantibody production. Despite the evidence supporting an antigen driven immune response, attempts to induce anti-P antibodies by immunization with autologous ribosomes in the autoimmune strain of @entity19 , MRL, have been unsuccessful. It therefore seems likely that the ribosomal components must be altered in some way to break tolerance or that other @entity1200 are necessary for autoantibody production. Immunization with foreign ribosomes induce anti-P autoantibodies in @entity19 and in apparently normal @entity1 infected with the hemoflaggelate, @entity1527 . The ability of the P proteins to break tolerance in these situations is, most likely, explained by the provision of a T cell epitope (the foreign P protein) together with the multivalency of the P proteins on the ribosome (which activate autoreactive B cells). We therefore propose (Fig. 5) a two-signal model for autoantibody production similar to that suggested for T-B collaboration in the normal immune response and also in the GVHD model of @entity1252 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Antiribosomal antibodies in XXXX , infection, and following deliberate immunization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the immune system']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system lupus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6284 ( @entity6285 ) was discovered through gene array analysis with corresponding connectivity mapping (Cmap), aiming for identification of new compounds with anti-ageing properties. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use structural activity relationship (SAR) analysis to identify a predictive mechanism of action of @entity6285 . The findings from SAR will be further characterized by in  vitro activity testing. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the role of polymerized filamentous F-actin in ageing fibroblasts and to evaluate the effect of @entity6285 on this model. METHODS: To predict the mode of action of @entity6285 , we used the PASS computer program as a SAR model. In vitro, scratch motility tests with immortalized keratinocytes were used as a model for wound healing potential. @entity1550 ( @entity1550 ) was analysed using multiplex protein assays (Luminex), and polymerized actin was detected by @entity6286 staining in dermal fibroblasts (HDF). RESULTS: SAR analysis predicted that @entity6285 would possess both epidermal and dermal activities with identification of wound healing and MMP inhibition potential. Further in  vitro studies confirmed the wound healing potential using keratinocyte scratch motility assays. We were also able to confirm the dermal activities predicted by inhibition of MMP ( @entity1550 ) in HDF by @entity6285 . In addition, we found a positive relationship between age and F-actin expression. We also discovered that stimulation of HDF with @entity6285 for 72  h significantly reduced the polymerized cytoskeletal network as visualized by inhibition of F-actin expression. In fact, @entity6285 leveraged the expression of F-actin in middle-aged female fibroblasts (50  years of age) to the level of young female fibroblasts (30  years of age), corresponding to a 40% reduction in F-actin expression. CONCLUSION: Using an in silico and in  vitro approach, we were able to demonstrate that @entity6285 has the capacity to target different compartments of the skin through keratinocyte regeneration, MMP inhibition and relief in fibroblasts stiffness by reduction of F-actin cytoskeletal network in HDF.

title: Structural activity relationship analysis (SAR) and in  vitro testing reveal the anti-ageing potential activity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6284 :: ('CHEBI:21547', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetyl aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity1550 :: ('4322', 'Gene') :: ['MMP 1-3', 'Matrix metalloproteinase 1-3']

answer: @entity6284 :: (CHEBI:21547,Chemical) :: ['acetyl aspartic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8519 Background: @entity5457 (V; @entity5457 , @entity5457 ), a @entity817 inhibitor, induces responses in a majority of @entity1 (pts) with ( @entity8554 ) @entity817 mutant @entity320 , but most eventually progress. We report the @entity74 ( @entity74 ) of pts with @entity320 treated on the phase I study of V. METHODS: Dose escalation cohort pts were treated with V 240-1,120 mg po BID, and MTD extension cohort pts with 960 mg BID. Clinical response was evaluated by RECIST every 8 weeks. Pts with @entity74 in a disease site for which local therapy (surgery or radiotherapy) was feasible were allowed to continue on V post-progression. Survival from time of progression was estimated for pts who were and were not treated post-progression. RESULTS: 48 pts (16 escalation, 32 extension cohort) with ( @entity8554 ) @entity817 mutation were treated. Median age 53 yrs, 27 (56%) male, 35 (73%) M1c, 27 (56%) ECOG PS of 1, and 23 (48%) had received >=  2 prior systemic therapies. Median OS has not been reached for all 48 pts (median follow up [F/U] was 12.5 mo (range 1.2-29.2). The common sites of @entity74 were: Skin/soft tissue (44% of all 48 pts); nodes (27%); brain/CNS (25%); lungs (19%); liver (15%); bone, GI (10%). Among 42 pts with @entity74 , 19 (45%) progressed only in new sites, 8 (19%) in the brain only and 11 (26%) in both new and original sites. Among 18 pts who continued @entity5457 >30 days after a local therapy of a @entity66 (s), a median OS has not been reached with a median F/U of 15.5 mo from initiation of @entity5457 . Median treatment duration beyond initial @entity74 was 3.6 mo (range, 1.1-9.9), and median OS from the time of initial @entity74 has not been reached (median F/U 6.0 mo). For pts who did not continue treatment after @entity74 , median OS from the time of @entity74 was 1.4 mo. Adverse events during continued dosing in these pts were similar to those observed before @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: For subset of pts with @entity74 in limited sites, continuation of @entity5457 treatment beyond @entity74 is potentially beneficial after a local therapy. Further study of the impact of post-progression treatment is warranted while mechanisms of resistance and novel agents for @entity320 are emerging. [Table: see text].

title: Pattern and outcome of disease progression in phase I study of @entity5457 in XXXX with @entity320 ( @entity320 ).

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['PD lesion']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'patterns of disease progression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity984 oncogene (also known as @entity984 ) is activated by point mutations involving codon 12 in 72%-100% of primary @entity788 , but the gene is not activated in nonneoplastic tissues. Therefore, the detection of @entity984 mutations can facilitate the diagnosis of @entity788 , which are not always identified with current tests. Detection is usually performed by oligonucleotide hybridization combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), RNAse mismatch cleavage assay, or non-isotopic mismatched PCR, methods that are not feasible for routine screening of large numbers of samples because they are time consuming and/or expensive. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to evaluate a rapid, non-radioactive method of detection of a mutation in codon 12 of the @entity984 gene in @entity788 samples obtained by fine-needle aspiration for diagnostic screening. METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 (15 with @entity788 , one with @entity788 , one with @entity4294 , and three with @entity1689 ) were selected for this study. A sample of pancreatic tissue from each @entity1 with a @entity5 or @entity788 was obtained and evaluated by fine-needle aspiration biopsy under computerized tomography scan or ultrasound guidance using a two-needle coaxial technique. Pancreatic DNA from each of these samples was evaluated by PCR amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with @entity377 substitution in PCR primers, creating BstNI restriction patterns that distinguished mutated from normal alleles. The accuracy of the PCR/RFLP assay was validated with DNA from SW480 and HT29 @entity694 cell lines with known mutated and wild-type @entity984 gene sequences. Sensitivity was tested with a series of titration experiments. RESULTS: PCR/RFLP analysis can detect a mutation present in 1% of cells. No amplification could be performed in four (20%) samples because of the absence of cells in the aspirated sample. In the 16 samples adequate for PCR/RFLP analysis, a @entity984 gene mutation was detected in 11 (92%) of 12 @entity420 . Overall, diagnosis was obtained by pathologic (cytomorphologic) examination alone in 13 samples (81%). The presence of malignant cells and/or mutated @entity984 gene was detected in 12 of 12 @entity420 but not in @entity1689 or @entity4294 . CONCLUSION: Screening of pancreatic tissue samples obtained by fine-needle aspiration for @entity17342 -ras mutation using PCR/RFLP analysis combined with pathologic examination could facilitate diagnosis of @entity788 .

title: Detection of XXXX -ras mutation by PCR/RFLP analysis and diagnosis of @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors', 'pancreatic adenocarcinomas', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell tumor', 'endocrine islet cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity17342 :: (1119,Gene) :: ['c-Ki']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of orthokeratology (ortho-K) lenses and to introduce the fitting steps of ortho-K lens for myopic regression after keratorefractive surgery. METHODS: Twenty-one eyes from 12 @entity1 with myopic regression after keratorefractive surgery were fitted with ortho-K lenses and followed up for 12.11  3.68 months. The mean K value of the peripheral cornea was used to speculate preoperative central corneal K value, estimated K. After dispensing the lenses according to estimated K, biomicroscopic examination including @entity941 staining and over-refraction were performed to determine the final K and final lens power. RESULTS: LogMAR uncorrected visual acuity was 0.48  0.39 before and 0.00  0.00 after wearing ortho-K lenses (p<0.001). Pre-fitted @entity2516 was -1.87  1.05 diopters (D) in @entity1714 , 0.54  0.42D in @entity940 , and spherical equivalent of -2.14  1.01D. At the final visit @entity1714 level and spherical equivalent significantly decreased to -0.73  0.84 D (p<0.001) and -1.01  0.87 D (p<0.001), respectively. Estimated K was 8.07  0.36mm, and final K used for ortho-K prescription was 8.19  0.30mm. Final K significantly correlated with K value of pre-fitted peripheral cornea (r=0.737, p<0.001) and estimated K (r=0.721, p<0.001), respectively. There was no correlation between pre-fitted degree of @entity1714 and the Final lens power (r=0.429, p=0.053). CONCLUSIONS: Ortho-K lenses may be an effective solution for @entity1 with myopic regression following keratorefractive surgery. Estimated K value can be used as reference value in ortho-K prescription.

title: Effect of orthokeratology in XXXX with myopic regression after refractive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Colonoscopy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of @entity14 . Several lines of independent evidence, however, suggest that a significant number of small @entity652 and also some advanced lesions are missed even by experienced endoscopists. With large-scale screening colonoscopy programmes installed, information on quality of colonoscopy in primary care is essential, but not available. Between July 2006 and December 2008, a total of 40 @entity1 (23 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 , median age: 69 years) underwent a second colonoscopy within 42 days after the first endoscopy (median: 11 days), in all cases exclusively for clinical reasons. Index colonoscopy was performed by 14 endoscopists in 6 hospitals and 4 private practices. Data on all consecutive @entity1 were collected prospectively. A total of 98 @entity1313 were identified in 34 @entity1 at the index colonoscopy, an additional 53 @entity652 were removed at the second colonoscopy, 33 of them smaller than 5 mm. 25 out of 53 missed @entity652 were identified between the coecum and the right colonic flexure. 12 of the additional lesions were considered significant lesions (larger than 10 mm or @entity652 ), nine of these were located between the coecum and the right colonic flexure. In 24 @entity1 repeat colonoscopy detected @entity652 not described in the original report. In eight @entity1 a total of 12 significant lesions were removed, nine of these were located between the coecum and the right colonic flexure. About one-third of @entity652 were missed in 40 routine colonoscopies, most of them only small and therefore probably of little clinical significance. However, 12 significant lesions were missed in 8 @entity1 . @entity652 in the right colon seem to be a particular problem.

title: Missed colonic XXXX in routine primary care endoscopy: a prospective tandem colonoscopy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'tubulovillous adenoma', 'Adenomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity231 is the most common cause of @entity227 . Removal of @entity231 and @entity16406 ( @entity16406 ) is the main surgical approach for @entity231 . The major block in quick visual rehabilitation of the @entity1 is post-operative @entity32 . To limit post-operative @entity32 corticosteroids drugs are used in routine prophylactically. Topical @entity12356 1% and @entity5935 0.1% remain gold standard to control post-operative @entity32 but newer drugs like @entity16407 , @entity3748 are also effective in controlling @entity32 . AIM: To study the efficacy of @entity16407 ophthalmic emulsion and @entity12356 ophthalmic suspension on Post-operative @entity32 in @entity231 surgery (clear corneal phacoemulsification with foldable @entity16406 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 100 @entity1 having visually significant @entity231 requiring surgery, clear corneal phacoemulsification with foldable @entity2790 was done in all @entity1 . @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups. In group A topical 1% @entity12356 ophthalmic suspension was administered six times a day Post-operatively. In group B 0.05% @entity16407 ophthalmic emulsion was administered six times a day post-operatively. Efficacy of drug was evaluated in terms of decrease in @entity3856 , anterior chamber reaction in the form of aqueous cells and flare and final visual acuity at 4 weeks. RESULTS: In this study, 92% of @entity1 in group A and 90% of @entity1 in group B had BCVA 6/6. None of the @entity1 in group A had @entity3856 . In group B, 96% @entity1 had no @entity3856 . Remaining 4% had mild discomfort but required no medication. 98% of @entity1 in group A and 100% of @entity1 in group B presented with clearance of aqueous cells at the end of study. Only 2% of @entity1 in group A had showed cell score (  ). CONCLUSION: Though @entity12356 has been the gold standard anti inflammatory agent, 0.05% @entity16407 ophthalmic emulsion is equally effective in treatment of post-operative @entity32 . @entity16407 have added an advantage of uniform drug dosage and absence of harmful preservative.

title: To Study the Efficacy of @entity16407 Ophthalmic Emulsion and @entity12356 Ophthalmic Suspension on Post-operative Inflammation in XXXX Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity3748 :: ('MESH:C063378', 'Chemical') :: ['loteprednol']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Senile cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular lens implantation']

entities_list: @entity12356 :: ('MESH:C009935', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['ocular pain']

entities_list: @entity16406 :: ('MESH:D060437', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'implantation of intraocular lens implantation']

entities_list: @entity16407 :: ('MESH:C015808', 'Chemical') :: ['difluprednate', 'Difluprednate']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Using a new fluorescence-quenching optode which, unlike earlier oximeters, neither consumes @entity26 nor generates heat, we sought to determine the effects of @entity548 and resuscitation on subcutaneous @entity4095 . Additionally, we compared the effects of resuscitation with @entity12165 crosslinked hemoglobin, an @entity26 -carrying solution, on subcutaneous @entity4095 to that of traditional resuscitative fluids. We also compared mean arterial pressure and central venous @entity26 saturation, indirect indices of perfusion, to subcutaneous @entity4095 , a direct index of perfusion. DESIGN: Prospective trial, randomized for selection of treatment regimen. SETTING: Shock-trauma laboratory of a medical university. SUBJECTS: Male @entity35 , weighing 260 to 380 g. INTERVENTIONS: @entity35 were bled 22 mL/kg and resuscitated, 1 min later, with either 66 mL/kg of lactated Ringer's solution, 22 mL/kg of human serum albumin, 22 mL/kg of blood, or 22 mL/kg of @entity12165 crosslinked hemoglobin. A fifth group of animals was not resuscitated after @entity548 . Subcutaneous @entity4095 and mean arterial pressure were monitored continuously throughout the experiment, while central venous @entity26 saturation was measured intermittently. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Subcutaneous @entity4095 decreased in response to @entity548 and, although it did increase after resuscitation with each fluid, no treatment was able to restore subcutaneous @entity4095 to baseline within 2 hrs postresuscitation. Subcutaneous @entity4095 continued to decrease after @entity548 in the unresuscitated animals. In contrast, mean arterial pressure was restored to baseline values in only blood- and @entity12165 crosslinked hemoglobin-treated animals, although this effect was lost within 30 mins in the blood-treated group. Only blood restored the central venous @entity26 saturation to baseline values in the early postresuscitation period. CONCLUSIONS: The fluorescence-quenching optode consistently followed changes in subcutaneous @entity4095 during @entity548 and after resuscitation. @entity12165 crosslinked hemoglobin performed as well as blood in restoring peripheral perfusion, as measured by subcutaneous @entity4095 , while both of these fluids were superior to either lactated Ringer's solution or albumin. Both whole blood and @entity12165 crosslinked hemoglobin restored mean arterial pressure to baseline, although the effect of the latter was of a longer duration. The pressor effect of the crosslinked hemoglobin did not affect peripheral perfusion, as reflected by the values for subcutaneous @entity4095 . Subcutaneous @entity4095 is a useful adjunct in assessment of the adequacy of peripheral perfusion and may help redefine targets for resuscitation.

title: Subcutaneous XXXX tension: a useful adjunct in assessment of perfusion status.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12165 :: ('MESH:C030830', 'Chemical') :: ['diaspirin', 'Diaspirin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity0 commonly develop disease resistant to chemotherapy (typically @entity8253 and @entity6023 ), which presents a major obstacle to therapy and leaves few effective treatment options. Drug resistance can occur due to various mechanisms including modification of drug efflux membrane transporters such as P-glycoprotein, as well as alterations in beta-tubulin. The novel @entity14514 analog, @entity19878 , which has low susceptibility to various drug-resistance mechanisms, has demonstrated preclinical activity in @entity0 . The clinical activity of @entity19878 was evaluated in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 with highly pretreated and/or resistant/refractory disease. Results were reviewed from three phase II trials in which @entity19878 was administered as monotherapy and one phase III trial that evaluated @entity19878 in combination with @entity416 . As a single agent, @entity19878 demonstrated activity in @entity1 who were heavily pretreated and resistant to an @entity4349 , a @entity3907 , and/or @entity416 . The combination of @entity19878 and @entity416 was significantly more active than @entity416 alone in @entity1 with prior treatment or resistance to @entity8253 and @entity6023 . Treatment-related adverse events were generally low grade except for grade 3/4 @entity137 , including @entity1398 (53-54%) and reversible @entity1897 (14-16%). @entity19878 has significant activity in @entity1 with heavily pretreated metastatic @entity0 who are disease resistant or refractory to @entity8253 and @entity6023 . Further clinical evaluation of this agent in @entity1 with @entity0 and in specific @entity1 subsets is warranted.

title: Implications of @entity4349 -resistant and XXXX -resistant metastatic @entity0 and new therapeutic options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'drug-resistant breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity19878 :: ('MESH:C430592', 'Chemical') :: ['ixabepilone', 'Ixabepilone']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14514 :: ('MESH:C093788', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilone B']

answer: @entity3907 :: (MESH:C080625,Chemical) :: ['taxane']


abstract: It has been suggested that long-term beta blockade treatment in @entity712 might be less effective in @entity1 with @entity296 as compared with @entity1 having @entity1000 . This study was performed to evaluate the effect of long-term adrenergic beta blockade treatment on regional myocardial function in @entity1 with @entity296 . The regional wall motion (RWM) was evaluated in 12 @entity1 with @entity296 before and after long-term open treatment with @entity1406 . On average, the @entity1 were treated over 11 months (range 6-36 months). The regional left ventricular function was assessed using two-dimensional echocardiographic recordings by two independent blinded observers. The RWM score was evaluated in 16 segments of the left ventricle on a scale from 0 (hypercontractility) to 5 ( @entity910 ). Following treatment, there was an improvement in general ventricular function (ejection fraction 0.24-0.31; p = 0.01) as well as in RWM (86 improved segments, 48 deteriorated, 49 unchanged; p < 0.002). @entity67 with poor contractility (RWM score > or = 3.5) tended to improve (53 improved segments, 16 deteriorated, 13 unchanged; p < 0.0001), whereas less severely @entity73 (RWM score < 3.5) did not improve (33 improved segments, 32 deteriorated, 36 unchanged; NS). It is suggested that poorly contracting @entity296 might improve following beta blockade treatment, while an effect on less @entity73 might be lacking. An improvement in overall myocardial function would then be harder to detect.

title: Recovery from left @entity67 in XXXX following long-term beta blockade treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segments', 'ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired segments']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular segments']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rapid brain MR imaging is often substituted for head CT in multiply imaged @entity1 with shunted @entity1276 . Fast @entity9212 sequences are commonly used in these protocols. One limitation of @entity9212 sequences is the decreased catheter delineation compared with CT. The aim of this study was to compare fast @entity9212 with rapid SS-GRE sequences in the evaluation of intracranial shunt catheter delineation as part of a rapid nonsedated pediatric brain MR imaging protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the findings from 179 consecutive @entity1 who underwent routine clinical imaging according to the rapid nonsedated pediatric brain MR imaging protocol. Comparison of the quality of intracranial shunt catheter localization on SS-GRE versus @entity9212 was performed. RESULTS: Of the total of 179 rapid nonsedated pediatric brain MR images that were reviewed, 62 (35%) had an intracranial shunt catheter. The shunt catheter tip was better localized on the SS-GRE than on the @entity9212 images in 49/62 (79%) of these @entity1 . Of the remaining 13/62 (21%), the @entity9212 was either better or equivalent in localizing the shunt catheter tip. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that rapid SS-GRE sequences can provide better delineation of standard intracranial shunt catheters than standard rapid MR imaging protocols containing only fast @entity9212 sequences.

title: Improved delineation of ventricular shunt catheters using fast steady-state gradient recalled-echo sequences in a rapid brain MR imaging protocol in nonsedated pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of @entity150 . METHODS: The clinical data of 17 cases with @entity150 , 15 males and 3 females, aged 28 (3-73), were analyzed. RESULTS: Ten of the 17 cases were diagnosed as with @entity980 , 2 with @entity706 , and 2 with @entity5 , 2 with @entity1822 , and 1 with @entity6962 . All @entity1 underwent operation, or were treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Among the 10 cases with @entity980 , 7 were aged under 5, 5 of them survived for more than 8 years, and 2 were lost to follow-up; other 3 adult @entity1 died in one year with @entity3 all over the body. Two @entity1 with @entity706 underwent partial cystectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and survived for more than 3 years. Of the 2 cases with @entity5 , one underwent lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy and survived for more than 5 years; and another case died 2 years after operation and chemotherapy. Two @entity1 with @entity1822 underwent simple resection, one survived for more than 5 years; and another survived 1 year after operation. One case with @entity6962 receiving operation followed by chemotherapy died in one year. CONCLUSION: Malignant @entity150 are rare clinically and most of them occur in @entity1 . Most of them are @entity980 . The prognosis of @entity150 , different in pathological types, is relatively worse in adults.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bladder non-epithelial tumor', 'malignant bladder non-epithelial tumors', 'bladder non-epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['malignant bladder non-epithelial tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: We estimate that approximately 70,000 @entity1 yearly have @entity1486 -only recurrence after failed definitive therapy. The ideal salvage therapy for these @entity1 is not clear. Treatment must be individualized based on the @entity1 risk of progression, the likelihood of success and the risks involved with the therapy. However, to do so the risks and benefits of the various options must be known. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the natural history and treatment options for @entity1 with @entity1486 -only recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review and overview of @entity1486 -only recurrence after failed definitive therapy was done. RESULTS: The natural history after @entity1486 -only recurrence is long but variable. Median time from @entity1486 -only recurrence after radical prostatectomy to @entity263 death exceeds 16 years, although some @entity1 die within 1 year after PSA recurrence. Rapid @entity1486 doubling time is the best prognostic factor for poor outcome. Salvage radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy results in a 45% 4-year @entity1486 response rate, although long-term outcomes appear poor. To our knowledge the effect on survival is not known. Salvage radical prostatectomy is rarely performed but in the highly selected @entity1 it may provide some benefit. There are no randomized studies of early vs late hormonal therapy for @entity1 with @entity1486 -only recurrence. A retrospective study suggested delayed @entity3 when therapy was begun early but only in @entity1 at high risk. This mirrors other data suggesting that @entity1 at high risk may derive significant benefits from early hormonal therapy, whereas @entity1 at low risk are unlikely to benefit and may be harmed by hormonal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1486 -only recurrence is the most common form of @entity263 . Optimal salvage treatments and timing of these treatments remain controversial.

title: XXXX recurrence after definitive therapy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['advanced prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen', 'Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate specific antigen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have indicated that viewing @entity458 ( @entity458 ) might be associated with @entity146 in @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (MSM). However, most prior research has not explored this association cross-culturally or the potential influence that important covariates might have on the association. AIM: To explore the association between self-reports of viewing @entity458 depicting various @entity146 and engagement in @entity146 after controlling for relevant covariates in MSM in China. METHODS: Three hundred fourteen Chinese MSM participated in a web-based survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity458 consumption, sexual risk behavior, and measurements of covariates. RESULTS: @entity458 consumption was frequent in MSM in China. Viewing a larger proportion of @entity458 depicting @entity146 was associated with a larger number of regular partners with whom MSM reported engaging in @entity146 , but not with the number of casual partners, after controlling for covariates. @entity16090 -related knowledge and seeking male sex partners were associated with the number of regular partners with whom MSM had engaged in @entity146 . Seeking sexual sensation, @entity16090 -related knowledge, and seeking male sex partners were associated with the number of casual partners with whom MSM had engaged in @entity146 . CONCLUSION: Future research exploring the relation between @entity458 use and sexual health risk behaviors should consider theoretically important psychological and behavioral covariates. Xu Y, Zheng Y, Rahman Q. The Relationship Between Self-Reported Sexually Explicit Media Consumption and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among @entity1 Who Have Sex With @entity1 in China. J Sex Med 2017;XX:XXX-XXX.

title: The Relationship Between Self-Reported Sexually Explicit Media Consumption and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among @entity1 Who Have Sex With  XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'sexually explicit media']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual risk behaviors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity209 ( @entity209 ) are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. The long-term effectiveness of @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) in @entity1 with @entity209 and in @entity6 @entity1 is not well defined. METHODS: 563 consecutive @entity1 with 629 de novo @entity301 (< 50 mm lesion length, reference diameter < 3.5 mm) successfully treated with SES were enrolled in the study and followed for 41 +/- 17 months. Bifurcation and left main lesions were excluded. @entity1 were categorized into three groups: 1) no @entity209 and no @entity6 ; 2) @entity209 and no @entity6 ; and 3) @entity6 . @entity209 was defined as the presence of > or = 3 of the following criteria: @entity28 , @entity101 , @entity2298 , low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , elevated fasting @entity413 . RESULTS: 284 @entity1 (51%) with 318 lesions had neither @entity209 nor @entity6 , 148 @entity1 (26%) with 163 lesions had @entity209 without @entity6 and 131 @entity1 (23%) with 148 lesions had @entity6 . Baseline angiographic parameters were comparable between the three groups. Clinically driven @entity75 revascularization rates for controls, @entity209 and diabetics were 7.7%, 5.4% and 14.5%, respectively (p = 0.041). Mortality rates for the three groups were 4.2%, 10.1% and 15.3%, respectively (p = 0.042). There were also significant differences in stent @entity715 (ST) rates with 0.3% in controls, 0.6% in @entity209 and 6.1% in diabetics (p = 0.037). Annual mortality and ST rates for controls, @entity1 with @entity209 and @entity6 @entity1 were 1.2%, 3.0% and 5.6% (p = 0.037) and 0.2%, 0.3% and 2.7% (p = 0.039), respectively. Late loss in-lesion was 0.19 +/- 0.59 mm in controls, 0.17 +/- 0.44 mm in @entity1 with @entity209 /no @entity6 and 0.46 +/- 0.81 mm in diabetics (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: During long-term follow up after implantation of SES in de novo @entity301 , @entity209 without @entity6 does not result in an increase in @entity75 revascularization or ST rates compared with control @entity1 . However, @entity1 with @entity209 have a higher follow-up mortality rate compared to control @entity1 .

title: Long-term clinical outcome of @entity3446 -eluting stent implantation in @entity209 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) in @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) @entity1 with prior failure to intravenous @entity786 over a 12-month follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity1988 were included. @entity2098 doses ranged from 1.5-2 grams per day. In all @entity1 , 24-h urinary protein excretion, @entity1011 clearance, and serum @entity1011 were evaluated. Treatment-related adverse effects were recorded over the 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: Basal @entity644 decreased from 1.63 g/L (95% CI: 0.78-2.5) to 0.93 (95% CI: 0.1-1.62) g/L at the end of the follow-up period (p = 0.04). @entity1011 clearance showed a tendency to improve but no statistically significant differences were found, 69.2 (95% CI 51.4- 87.4) vs. 79.29 (IC 95% 49.2-109.3) ml/min, respectively; p = 0.90). No significant differences were found in the remaining variables. @entity1 without response to @entity2098 had a higher chronicity index than those with good or average response. CONCLUSION: @entity2098 doses of 1.5-2 grams per day are a good alternative in @entity1988 @entity1 without response to intravenous @entity786 and a low chronicity index. No severe adverse effects were found.

title: [ @entity618 in XXXX refractory to intravenous @entity786 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: To obtain controlled genetic variation, @entity694 was chemically induced by use of four subcutaneous injections of @entity2985 (15 mg/kg of body weight/wk) to @entity35 of 3 inbred strains (BDIX/OrlIco, F344/NHsd, WAG/Rij). The selection was based on the availability of established @entity694 cell lines arising from these particular strains. In the first experiment, only female @entity35 were used; in the second experiment, both sexes were studied. The goal was to select a @entity35 giving the highest @entity5 frequency with the shortest latency period in reproducible manner. The histologic characteristics should resemble the corresponding @entity1 @entity5 . The size of the @entity5 should be at about 1 cm in diameter, as these @entity5 cells were intended to be used in future transplantation studies. The two experiments yielded highly reproducible results: histologic evaluation of all @entity694 in all three @entity35 strains revealed @entity652 and @entity420 closely resembling their @entity1 counterpart. The BDIX strain had the highest @entity5 frequency (75%) in both sexes and the shortest minimal latency period (28 weeks in experiment 1; 23 weeks in experiment 2). Tumor size of about 1 cm in diameter was found most often in the BDIX strain. On the basis of results of these two experiments, the BDIX strain has been selected for future study.

title: Comparative study of histopathologic characterization of @entity2985 -induced XXXX in three inbred @entity35 strains.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2985 :: ('MESH:D001397', 'Chemical') :: ['azoxymethane']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat strain', 'rat', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon tumors']


abstract: @entity1 who become @entity1398 secondary to chemotherapy for @entity5 are at high risk for @entity2348 . Since the most common organisms include enteric gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci, drug combinations have traditionally been used. In addition, available clinical evidence suggests that synergistic drug combinations are most effective in the treatment of @entity281 due to @entity796 . Comparative clinical trials have not shown any particular drug combination to be superior to others tested. Therefore, the drug choice for the combination should be based on local susceptibility patterns, clinical experience, and cost. Newer @entity3405 compounds are broader in spectrum and more potent than older drugs, and have been tested as sole agents in this setting. Although results appear promising for drugs such as @entity2891 or @entity5505 , the development of resistance and lack of adequate antistaphylococcal activity preclude routine use of these drugs. Imipenem is currently undergoing clinical trials for this purpose and appears to have the appropriate breadth of spectrum. However, frequent development of resistance among isolates of @entity796 is problematic. At the present time a combination of an @entity4028 and an extended-spectrum penicillin seems to be the therapy of choice for the febrile, @entity1398 @entity1 .

title: Therapy of choice for the empiric treatment of the febrile @entity1398 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence relating to the clinical efficacy of @entity684 , @entity685 and @entity7776 in the prevention of @entity683 . METHODS: RCTs evaluating these interventions in seasonal prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis were identified using electronic bibliographic databases and handsearching of retrieved articles. RESULTS: @entity684 was effective in preventing @entity2480 ( @entity2480 ) in seasonal prophylaxis in healthy adults and at-risk elderly subjects and in post-exposure prophylaxis within households of mixed composition. Post-exposure prophylaxis using @entity684 for paediatric contacts was observed to prevent @entity2480 . @entity685 prevented @entity2480  in seasonal prophylaxis in healthy adults, at-risk adults and adolescents and in post-exposure prophylaxis within mixed households, with a trend for seasonal and post-exposure preventative effects in elderly subjects. Evidence for @entity7776 prophylaxis across subgroups was very limited. However, @entity7776 prevented @entity2480 in seasonal prophylaxis in healthy adults and in outbreak control amongst adolescent subjects. Interventions were reported to be well tolerated by subjects, with a relatively low proportion of subjects experiencing drug-related adverse events and drug-related withdrawals. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence was identified for the efficacy of @entity684 and @entity685 in preventing @entity683 in a range of population subgroups. The evidence base for @entity7776 was considerably more limited.

title: XXXX , @entity685 and @entity7776 in the prevention of @entity683 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['Oseltamivir', 'oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['Zanamivir', 'zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza', 'SLCI']

answer: @entity684 :: (MESH:D053139,Chemical) :: ['Oseltamivir']


abstract: A 19 year-old @entity1 admitted to Emergency Department with @entity551 , @entity1018 and acute @entity490 . Ultrasound and computed tomography demonstrated an @entity1188 in brain and ruptured intraperitoneal @entity409 . Urgent laparotomy was performed and it included aspiration of cyst contents, peritoneal washing and drainage. Her vision loss improved by 15 hours postoperatively but generalized @entity410 were started. Weakness in all extremities was present. Cranial MRI demonstrated @entity63 in the areas of middle, posterior and anterior cerebral arteries. She was discharged from the hospital with severe @entity51 (unable to walk, not able to eat herself). @entity51 were improved with physiotherapy after two years. There was no recurrence of hydatid cysts in the follow-up of three years. We assumed that anaphylaxis after intraperitoneal @entity397 of hydatid liver cyst resulted with @entity551 and reduced cerebral perfusion, caused the acute @entity16 . This unusual presentation of intraperitoneal @entity397 should be kept in mind particularly in endemic areas of hydatid disease.

title: Blindness following XXXX of hepatic hydatid cyst: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['sudden loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss and other neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cyst of hydatid liver disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['occipital infarct']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: The @entity120 that occurs within 24 hours of valve replacement for @entity4794 is well documented, but @entity1 who die after surgery have not been adequately studied. Clinical and autopsy data for 16 @entity1 who died following mitral valve replacement were reviewed. The emphasis was on preoperative and postoperative pulmonary arterial pressure and @entity358 , including arterial, venous, and capillary changes. Morphologic features were graded and summed to obtain an @entity15803 ( @entity15803 ). @entity1 were divided into three groups: 1) those who had uneventful operations and early postoperative periods but died prior to discharge; 2) those who had postoperative difficulty, with identifiable acute anatomic causes of @entity204 ; and 3) those who had postoperative difficulty, with no apparent acute anatomic cause of @entity204 . In group 1 (n = 4) the preoperative pulmonary arterial pressure was 43 +/- 17 mm Hg, and @entity15803 ranged from 0 to 4; in group 2 (n = 5) the preoperative pulmonary arterial pressure was 60 +/- 15 mm Hg, but @entity15803 ranged only from 2 to 5. In group 3 (n = 7) the preoperative pulmonary arterial pressure was 59 +/- 12 mm Hg; @entity15803 ranged from 6 to 9, significantly higher than that of the other groups (P less than 0.005). Three @entity1 from group 3 had elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (60, 52, and 50 mm Hg three, six, and 15 days after surgery, respectively). Two additional @entity1 had @entity712 with normally contracting left ventricles terminally. It is concluded that some @entity1 with @entity4794 who die after surgery with persistently elevated pulmonary arterial pressure have sufficiently severe @entity358 to account for their persistent pulmonary @entity101 and @entity204 .

title: @entity358 and XXXX after valve surgery for @entity4794 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'additive histologic assessment']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A prospective study of the frequency, timing, etiology and risk factors of @entity281 in renal transplant recipients during the first year after transplantation was conducted in 50 consecutive @entity1 . Neither prophylaxis with @entity206 - @entity207 nor antiviral prophylaxis was administered. Two hundred twenty-eight episodes of @entity281 were registered (4.5 per @entity1 ), 19 of which were severe. Forty-seven percent of all @entity166 episodes occurred during the first two months after transplantation. The more frequent @entity281 were bacterial (64%), viral (22%) and fungal (11%). @entity526 was the most common agent isolated (n = 36), followed by @entity2803 (n = 32). @entity293 were most common (n = 144), especially asymptomatic @entity793 (n = 106). Surgical reintervention and the use of anti-lymphocytic globulins were associated with a higher frequency of severe @entity281 (p < 0.05), and @entity3 was associated with allograft loss (p < 0.03). Annual survival rates of @entity1 and allografts were 100% and 94%, respectively. The frequency of mild @entity281 was higher than that observed in other studies using bacterial or viral prophylaxis. Nevertheless, the number of severe @entity281 and the survival rates of @entity1 and allografts were similar to those reported in previous studies.

title: Prospective study of renal transplant infections in 50 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Testing immunotherapeutic strategies for @entity263 has been impeded by the lack of relevant @entity5 models in immunocompetent animals. This opportunity is now provided by the recent development of prostate specific @entity2370 knockout @entity19 , which show spontaneous development of true @entity420 arising from prostate epithelium and more faithfully recapitulate the @entity1 disease than any previous model. We investigated the feasibility of using @entity5 cells derived from this model to test @entity5 vaccination and adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies for @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2370 -CaP8 @entity420 cells derived from the biallelic @entity2370 knockout @entity263 model were used to vaccinate nontumor bearing litter mates. Tumor specific effector cells were generated from splenocytes of vaccinated @entity19 by mixed @entity5 reactions, and antiproliferative effects and cytokine generation were examined in vitro. The effect of vaccination or adoptive immunotherapy on luciferase marked @entity2370 -CaP8 subcutaneous @entity5 was monitored by @entity5 volumetric measurements and noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS: Vaccination of litter mate @entity19 with irradiated @entity2370 -CaP8 cells showed a significant prophylactic effect against the subsequent @entity5 challenge. Effector cells harvested from vaccinated litter mates showed significant @entity60 secretion upon co-incubation with @entity2370 -CaP8 target cells and they were capable of efficient target cell growth inhibition in vitro. Intratumor adoptive transfer of effector cells resulted in significant growth inhibition of preestablished @entity263 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2370 knockout model serves as a highly useful model in which to investigate @entity5 cell vaccination and adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies in the context of true @entity263 . This model should accelerate efforts to develop effective immunotherapies for @entity1 @entity263 .

title: XXXX knockout @entity263 as a model for experimental immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lymphocyte-tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2370 :: (19211(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PTEN']


abstract: Occasionally variants of @entity693 ( @entity2698 ) may be confused with primary and secondary @entity5 of the meninges by virtue of their features and patterns of growth. Until now, a specific immunohistochemical marker for @entity2698 could not be identified. @entity2698 are reported to express @entity21939 (F XIIIa) in the cytoplasm of the @entity5 cells. In an effort to assess the diagnostic value of F XIIIa for meningeal @entity2698 , we investigated 38 primary @entity5 (6 @entity2698 , 28 @entity1653 of various subtypes, 4 @entity693 ) and 23 secondary @entity3554 (8 metastatic @entity189 , 6 @entity3038 , 9 @entity11 ) with anti-F XIIIa antibody. All @entity2698 revealed 5%-20% of F-XIIIa-positive neoplastic cells. @entity1418 and @entity3038 with @entity12624 -like structures also exhibited multiple F-XIIIa-positive cells. Most of the F-XIIIa-positive cells in @entity1653 were identified as macrophages. Furthermore, there was a population of small dark cells of uncertain histogenesis. Cells with positive immunoreactivity for F-XIIIa in metastatic @entity189 and @entity11 apparently were of macrophage lineage. Though, in some cases, it would have been difficult to distinguish reactive from neoplastic cells without simultaneous immunohistochemical investigation with antibodies for macrophages, cytokeratin, EMA and @entity538 . Because of these uncertainties, wo believe that the potential of F XIIIa-antibody in obtaining precise differential diagnostic information is limited.

title: @entity21939 immunoreactivity in primary and secondary XXXX of the meninges.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'meningeal tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal hemangiopericytomas', 'meningeal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'anaplastic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: Systemic administration of the @entity1246 antagonist @entity5094 6.0 mg/kg i.v. elicited @entity101 and a fall in sinus rate with a return to baseline levels in intact @entity35 . Antagonists of @entity1246 act in the supraspinal CNS to augment sympathetic outflow to the heart and vasculature. Therefore, in this study the spinal cord was transected prior to drug administration in order to eliminate sympathetically mediated effects. In spinal @entity35 , @entity5094 6.0 mg/kg evoked a biphasic sinus rate response characterized by an initial decrease followed by an increase above baseline sinus rate. Bilateral vagotomy or @entity3897 pretreatment blocked sinus rate changes elicited by @entity5094 , demonstrating that these effects were vagally mediated. Midcollicular decerebration altered the biphasic sinus rate response by preventing the late rise but not the initial decrease in sinus rate. Infusion of another @entity1246 antagonist, @entity1027 , elicited a similar biphasic sinus rate response, although the time-course was shorter. Unexpectedly, @entity5094 or @entity1027 administration in spinal @entity35 caused an increase in mean blood pressure which was prevented by decerebration and different from that observed in intact @entity35 with respect to time course. In spinal @entity35 pretreatment with a vasopressin antagonist, @entity6021 , blocked the pressor response induced by @entity5094 infusion without altering the biphasic changes in sinus rate. These results suggest that, in the @entity35 : (1) two GABAergic inhibitory mechanisms at different levels of the neuraxis exert opposite effects on cardiac vagal activity; and (2) @entity1246 antagonists may elevate arterial pressure by a mechanism distinct from their previously described sympathoexcitatory effects.

title: Biphasic effects of systemically administered XXXX antagonists on cardiac vagal activity.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a resource-demanding therapy with varied results among institutions. An organized protocol was necessary to improve the effectiveness of this therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 110 @entity1 received ECLS due to refractory postcardiotomy @entity1455 between January 2003 and June 2009, and were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative variables were collected, including the European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) and markers of ECLS-related organ injuries. All variables were analyzed for possible associations with mortality in hospital, and after hospital discharge. The mean age, additive EuroSCORE, and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) for all @entity1 was 60 (+/-14) years, 9 (+/-6), and 43% (+/-20%) respectively. Sixty-seven @entity1 were weaned from ECLS and 46 survived to hospital discharge. The mean duration of ECLS support was 143 h (+/-112 h). Multivariate analysis revealed that an age of >60 years, a necessity for postoperative continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration, a maximal serum total @entity648 >6 mg/dL, and a need for ECLS support for >110 h were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. In addition, persistent @entity712 with @entity1002 <30% was an independent predictor of mortality after hospital discharge. A risk-predicting score for in-hospital mortality associated with postcardiotomy ECLS was developed for clinical application. CONCLUSION: Based on the abovementioned findings, a comprehensive protocol for postcardiotomy ECLS was designed. The primary objective was to achieve adequate hemodynamics within the first 24h of initiating ECLS. Other objectives of the protocol included a consistent approach to safe anticoagulation while on ECLS, a process to make decisions within 7 days of initiating ECLS, and @entity1 follow-up after hospital discharge.

title: Using extracorporeal life support to resuscitate adult postcardiotomy XXXX : treatment strategies and predictors of short-term and midterm survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sufficient data are currently unavailable to assist in defining suitable regimens for @entity1 >=  70 years with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Chemona  ve @entity1 with a performance status (PS) of 0 or 1 and stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 were randomized to @entity136 1000mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 plus @entity3003 area under the curve (AUC) 5.5 on day 1; the same schedule of @entity136 plus @entity1311 200mg/m(2) on day 1; or @entity1311 225mg/m(2) on day 1 plus @entity3003 AUC 6.0 on day 1. Cycles were every 21 days up to 6. Efficacy and @entity137 results were compared by age groups. RESULTS: @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between @entity1 <70 years (8.6 months, 95% CI: 7.9, 9.5) and >=  70 years (7.9 months, 95% CI: 7.1, 9.5) was similar. @entity1349 was 8.8 months (95% CI: 7.5, 10.3) among @entity1 70-74 years, 6.5 months (95% CI: 5.6, 9.3) among @entity1 75-79 years, and 7.9 months (95% CI: 6.3, 10.3) among @entity1 >=  80 years. @entity1349 was lower among @entity1 75-79 years compared with @entity1 70-74 years (P=0.04). Compared with @entity1 <70 years, @entity1 >=  70 years experienced similar rates of myelosuppresion, but younger @entity1 experienced more @entity391 and @entity390 . There was no clear pattern with respect to differences in efficacy by treatments across age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the similarity of @entity1 outcomes across age groups, doublet chemotherapy is feasible among carefully selected elderly @entity1 with good PS.

title: A retrospective analysis of outcomes by age in a three-arm phase III trial of @entity136 in combination with @entity3003 or @entity1311 vs. @entity1311 plus XXXX for advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Although the mechanism responsible for @entity73 in stress-related @entity146 has been obscure, prefrontal cortical (PFC) @entity409 is thought to be involved. In animals, the mesoprefrontal dopaminergic system is particularly vulnerable to stress, and chronic stress induces working @entity2414 . However, the relation between the working @entity2414 and altered dopaminergic activity in chronically stressed @entity35 is unclear. Furthermore, the change of dopaminergic activity in the PFC induced by stress is thought to express as a stress response, not as a disorder of organic function. We have previously reported that chronic stress administered by water immersion and restraint for 4 weeks induces a @entity347 such as @entity528 . We therefore examined whether chronically stressed (4 weeks) and recovered (10 d) @entity35 show a working @entity2414 caused by reduced @entity935 (DA) transmission in the PFC, as suspected in the @entity146 . The stress impaired the spatial working memory evaluated by T-maze task and induced a marked reduction of DA transmission concomitant with an increase in DA D1 receptor density in the PFC. This @entity2414 was sufficiently ameliorated by intra-PFC infusion of 10 ng @entity10432 , a D1 receptor-specific agonist. Pretreatment with intraperitoneal injection of 20 microgram/kg @entity10095 , a D1 receptor antagonist, reversed the @entity10432 response. These results indicate that chronic stress induces working @entity2414 through a D1 receptor-mediated hypodopaminergic mechanism in the PFC. These findings provide important information for understanding of the mechanisms underlying PFC dysfunction in stress-related @entity146 .

title: Chronic stress induces XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disorder']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impairment of spatial working memory because of prefrontal dopaminergic dysfunction']


abstract: The appearance of @entity2114 pneumophila antigen in the urine of @entity840 with experimental airborne @entity4502 was investigated and compared with that of emerging antibody by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Models with high dose (acute) and low dose (chronic) @entity281 were studied. Antigen was detected after 40 h in the high dose group but animals died (at 3 days) before an antibody response could be elicited. In the low dose group, antigen was detected 4 days after @entity281 , well before serum antibody was detected (7-10 days). Small, but significant, amounts of antigen were detected up to 17 days after @entity281 in surviving animals. Although detection of L. pneumophila antigen in urine has been proposed before, and achieved on an ad hoc basis, the technique is not in routine, general use. This is due mainly to difficulties of evaluation in relation to other methods of early diagnosis in the @entity1 situation where infectious dose, time of @entity281 , host uniformity and availability of samples present difficulties. The use, in this study, of a highly relevant aerosol-infected @entity840 model of @entity4502 has avoided these uncertainties and hopefully proved the value of this technique for general routine use. The antigen detection test was shown to be rapid, sensitive and reliable, and allowed diagnosis of @entity4502 earlier than was possible by demonstrating antibody. In addition, the detection of antigen in urine is a convenient and non-invasive procedure.

title: The early diagnosis of @entity4502 in a @entity2114 aerosol-infected @entity840 model; comparison of a method developed for detecting XXXX pneumophila antigens in urine and the demonstration of circulating antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

entities_list: @entity4502 :: ('MESH:D007877', 'Disease') :: ["legionnaires' disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella']

answer: @entity2114 :: (446,Species) :: ['Legionella']


abstract: The objective in this study was to examine the capillary supply in the broiler breast muscle in relation to productivity and the incidence of @entity843 . Muscle samples (pectoralis superficialis) were collected from 24 pairs of broilers of a commercial paternal strain. The pairs consisted of full sib broilers (brothers and sisters). Of each pair one broiler had a high arterial pressure index, as an indication of @entity843 , and the other was a healthy @entity1573 of the same sex. Data collected were, among others, body weight, arterial pressure index, haematocrit and weight of breast muscle and lungs. Pectoral muscle samples were histologically analysed with respect to capillary density, fibre area and number of capillaries per fibre. Ascitic @entity1573 (measured as high values for @entity1283 ) had a lower number of capillaries per fibre and tended to have reduced fibre area, although they had a similar capillary density in the pectoral muscle in comparison with healthy @entity1573 . The expected increase in capillary density was not observed. Normally capillary densities decrease in proportion to the increase in fibre size. So @entity843 has unfavourable relations with capillary traits. Fast growth was not significantly associated with capillary density. However, @entity1573 with a higher percentage breast muscle had a lower capillary density. This implies that high muscularity might be a risk for a diminished @entity26 supply to the breast muscle.

title: Fibre area and capillary supply in broiler breast muscle in relation to productivity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['heart hypertrophy']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the false-positive rate of blood lead determinations on samples obtained by fingerstick from @entity1 screened in private suburban and rural practices. METHODS: Screening capillary lead samples were obtained by fingerstick; @entity1 with capillary lead levels of 0.7 mumol/L (15 micrograms/dL) or greater were recalled for a confirmatory venous lead test that served as the criterion standard. Parents completed a five-question risk assessment questionnaire at the time of initial screening. SETTING: Four private suburban to rural practices that serve predominantly white, middle-class populations. @entity1 : @entity1 seen for routine care between August 1992 and February 1993 (N = 1085; 98% between 6 months and 6 years of age). RESULTS: Capillary lead level was 0.7 mumol/L (15 micrograms/dL) or greater in 35 @entity1 (3% of total sample); venous lead samples were obtained in 30 @entity1 . Nine of the elevated capillary lead results were true-positives (venous lead = 0.7, 0.8, 0.8, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 1.1, 1.1, and 1.7 mumol/L [15, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 22, 22, and 35 micrograms/dL]); parents of only two of these @entity1 answered yes to any question on the risk assessment questionnaire. Although the false-positive rate of the capillary lead screening test was 70% (21/30) in this setting, only 2% of the total sample had a false-positive screening test (an average of fewer than one false-positive per month per practice). Screening by fingerstick allowed phlebotomy to be avoided for 97% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Fingerstick screening for @entity10108 is a reasonable alternative to direct venous testing within private suburban and rural practices, provided that care is taken to avoid specimen contamination, that appropriate caution is used in the interpretation of screening test results, and that medical and environmental interventions are based on the results of confirmatory venous testing.

title: Screening for XXXX by fingerstick in suburban pediatric practices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity10108 :: ('MESH:D007855', 'Disease') :: ['lead poisoning']

answer: @entity10108 :: (MESH:D007855,Disease) :: ['lead poisoning']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective review was to determine the feasibility of treating anatomic female stress @entity322 (SUI) with a retropubic laparoscopic bladder neck suspension. Also, we compared the clinical course and results of the transvaginal bladder neck suspension (VBNS; Raz) and laparoscopic bladder neck suspension (LBNS) among a group of @entity1 of similar age and American Society of Anesthesiologists rating. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 undergoing a retropubic LBNS (E.M.M.) were compared with 23 @entity1 undergoing a Raz VBNS (C.G.K.) operated on during the same time period for anatomic SUI. All @entity1 were assessed for their age, preoperative bladder capacity, preoperative postvoid residual, operative time, estimated @entity190 , length of hospital stay, postoperative analgesia requirement, time required to resume a normal voiding pattern, complications, and recurrence rate of the SUI. RESULTS: The operative time for the LBNS is longer than the VBNS (124 versus 44 minutes). The LBNS @entity1 required significantly less postoperative parenteral analgesia (6.3 versus 15.6 mg @entity1286 ), and a shorter time to resume a normal voiding pattern (0.6 versus 13 days) compared with the VBNS @entity1 . The overall success rate of the two procedures was similar at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Retropubic LBNS is a technically feasible surgical procedure for @entity1 with anatomic SUI. Compared with the VBNS, the LBNS is associated with minimal postoperative discomfort, no need for suprapubic urinary diversion, and a rapid return to normal activities. The short-term success rate of the LBNS appears to be similar to that for the VBNS.

title: Comparison of transvaginal versus laparoscopic bladder neck suspension for stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: To elucidate the pathogenesis of @entity6 in spontaneously @entity6 @entity3569 ( @entity6475 ), a longitudinal study from just after weaning to overt @entity6 state was performed. Fasting and non-fasting plasma @entity413 , non-fasting plasma insulin and pancreatic hormone contents (insulin, glucagon and amylin) were measured, and light microscopic examination of pancreatic islets by immunohistochemical technique and pancreas perfusion study were performed. No insulitis was found in the islets of the @entity6475 . In animals aged 1 month, there was no significant difference in the percentage of B-cell area to islet area between the @entity6475 and the control. At this stage, @entity3190 was observed despite normal plasma @entity413 levels both in fasting and non-fasting states. In the animals of the @entity6475 aged 2-4 months, insulin secretion from the pancreas, pancreatic insulin content and non-fasting plasma insulin level decreased in proportion to the decrease of B-cell mass. In animals aged about ten months, severe @entity4854 and hypoinsulinemia were observed. We demonstrated the existence of amylin-like immunoreactivity in the B-cells of @entity3569 . However, no amyloid deposit was observed in the islets of the @entity6475 . After the onset of @entity6 , amylin secretion from the pancreas and pancreatic amylin content in the @entity6475 were significantly lower than those in the control. We demonstrated the natural history of B-cell dysfunction in the @entity6475 . It could mean the process of B-cell exhaustion. The profile of the @entity6475 is similar to some types of @entity1 @entity2175 . Therefore, the @entity6475 is a useful @entity6 model in the study of @entity2175 .

title: Natural history of B-cell dysfunction in spontaneously XXXX @entity3569 .

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamsters']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['CHAD strain']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thickness of the compressed breast in mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) mammograms, to relate these thickness and breast patterns to mean glandular dose (MGD) in Korean @entity1 , and to evaluate the suitability of using the American College of Radiology's Recommendations for Korean @entity1 from a quality assurance standpoint. The study population consisted of 92 paired MLO and CC mammograms obtained on one mammographic unit. The digital readouts of compressed breast thickness, applied compression force and tube voltage were recorded. Entrance skin exposure was measured by dosimetry. MGD was calculated by multiplying entrance skin exposure by the exposure-to-absorbed dose conversion factor. The range of breast thickness was 1.3-6.2 cm in CC mammograms with a mean breast thickness of 3.6 cm, and 1.6-6.5 cm in MLO mammograms with a mean breast thickness of 3.9 cm. MGDs in CC and MLO mammograms were 1.77 @entity2073 and 1.88 @entity2073 per view, respectively. Breast composition patterns were divided into 4 groups according to ACR BI-RADS; P1 (n=20), P2 (n=16), P3 (n=48) and P4 (n=8). The MGDs for these groups were: 1.82, 1.84, 1.84, and 1.91 @entity2073 , respectively. When subjects were subdivided by breast thickness into three groups, namely, below 3 cm, 3 cm to 4.2 cm, aaa and above 4.2 cm, the corresponding MGDs were 1.83, 1.86, and 1.91 @entity2073 . According to our initial trial, the mean breast thickness and the MGDs of Korean @entity1 are lower than recommended by the American College of Radiology, which are commonly used for quality assurance purposes.

title: Dosimetric evaluation of the mean glandular dose for mammography in Korean XXXX : a preliminary report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']