abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the classifications of the risk groups of different prestigious institutions and collaborative groups that have had a major impact on our knowledge and therapeutic approach to @entity2971 of the testis. METHODS: We reviewed the different classifications of renowned institutions and collaborative groups and the literature published over the last 15 years that provide evidence for the optimal therapeutic approach for each subgroup at risk. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Germ cell @entity5 is the paradigm of curable @entity5 of the adult. @entity1 with stage I @entity5 have an excellent prognosis with more than 98% probability of cure. The prognosis for the advanced stage @entity5 is superior to that of other @entity5 with a similar volume due to their exquisite chemosensitivity. @entity1 with @entity1442 can be divided into two or three groups (low and high, or low, intermediate and high risk) with different probability of cure after treatment with @entity900 -based regimens, according to the location of the @entity5 , extent of the disease and serum levels of the markers. The standard treatment for the @entity1442 consists of first line chemotherapy with @entity900 , @entity2879 and @entity1732 ( @entity12962 ) followed by surgery in cases with @entity41 . Approximately 10% of the @entity1 with good-prognosis factors and 30%-50% of those with poor-prognosis factors will not cure after first line chemotherapy, although rescue with second line chemotherapy can be utilized in some of these @entity1 . The search for more effective chemotherapeutic regimens for high risk @entity1 and regimens with a lower @entity137 for the low risk @entity1 has been hampered by the lack of consensus among the working groups on the criteria for the classification of these @entity1 into subgroups according to prognosis. The recent International Germ Cell Consensus Classification will permit studies on homogeneous risk groups of @entity1 and will allow us to obtain reliable and reproducible results.

title: [Treatment decision in advanced testicular XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'primary tumor', 'testicular tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['germ cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is largely unknown if corticosteroid-induced @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) is an entity that is limited to a few susceptible individuals or whether it contributes significantly to the overall population burden of @entity1538 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between corticosteroid use and the incidence of @entity1538 in the general elderly population. METHODS: A prospective population-based cohort study was conducted in a general community setting. 3,939 @entity1 of the Rotterdam Study aged 55 years and older for whom data from ophthalmic examinations at baseline and follow-up were available and who did not have @entity726 at baseline were included (baseline examination from 1991 to 1993; follow-up examinations from 1997 to 1999 and from 2002 to 2006). Ophthalmic examinations, including measurement of the intraocular pressure, assessment of the optic nerve head and perimetry, were performed at baseline and follow-up. The use of @entity288 was monitored continuously during follow-up. @entity288 were stratified into five groups: ophthalmic @entity230 , inhaled @entity230 , nasal @entity230 , oral @entity230 and @entity479 ointments. Associations between the use of @entity288 and incident @entity1538 were assessed using logistic regression models. The study outcome measures were the odds ratios (ORs) of associations between the use of @entity288 and incident @entity1538 . RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 9.8 years, 108 @entity1 (2.8%) developed @entity1538 . The median number of @entity479 prescriptions during follow-up was 2 for ophthalmic, 7 for inhaled, 2 for nasal and 2 for oral @entity230 , and 3 for @entity479 ointments. The OR of the use of ophthalmic @entity230 was 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66, 1.65; p = 0.86], inhaled @entity230 0.79 (95% CI 0.42, 1.48; p = 0.46), nasal @entity230 1.26 (95% CI 0.74, 2.13; p = 0.40), oral @entity230 1.03 (95% CI 0.65, 1.64; p = 0.89) and @entity479 ointments 0.70 (95% CI 0.47, 1.05; p = 0.086). These analyses were adjusted for age, sex, high @entity1714 and family history of @entity726 . The small median numbers of prescriptions made it difficult to evaluate dose-response relationships. CONCLUSION: None of the classes of @entity230 were associated with the incidence of @entity1538 in this elderly population.

title: @entity288 and XXXX in the elderly: a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum total IgE measurement is one of the first @entity32 marker test. It has been currently used for the diagnosis of @entity566 . However, when it has been widely used in clinical practice, we discover its limit in the diagnosis of @entity56 . AIM: We carried a retrospective study about 1111 consecutive @entity1 , seen in the Allergology Unit of the Home Ministry Hospital with suspicion of @entity66 . The aim of our study is to evaluate the contribution of serum total IgE measurement in the diagnosis of @entity1576 . METHODS: Our population was divided into three groups. Group A: 771 @entity56 symptomatic subjects (371 @entity1 with mean age of 7.8 +/- 3.4 years and 467 adults with mean age of 30.1 +/- 6.6 years). Group B: 117 controls (70 @entity1 with mean age of 6.6 +/- 3 years, and 47 adults with mean age of 30.7 +/- 6 years). 221 @entity1 with doubtful diagnosis of @entity566 were excluded (group C). RESULTS: If we consider the cut-off I of 150 UI (for adults), 75% of @entity56 subjects have elevated serum total IgE, 62% of adults and 77.6% of @entity1 . When doubling the cut-off (cut-off II), 49% of @entity56 subjects have serum total IgE over 300 UI/ml, 36% of adults and 57% of @entity1 . In the control group: 35.8% of @entity1 have total IgE over the cut-off value I and 17% over the cut-off value II. The variation of serum total IgE was related in @entity56 subjects to the type and the number of symptoms. The levels of total IgE were higher in @entity565 than in @entity2490 and more elevated if the @entity1 has several symptoms. With cut-off I we found a quite good sensibility of the test of 75% (62% in adults and 77.6% in @entity1 ) and a poor specificity of 64% (68% in adults and 61% in @entity1 ), with a negative predictive value of 28% and a positive predictive value of 93%. When doubling the cut-off, the sensibility falls to 49% and the specificity was improved at 82%. The serum total IgE measurement was in agreement with prick-tests in 80% of cases and with Phadiatop in 56% of cases if we consider cut-off I. CONCLUSION: Our results showed a large overlapping of serum total IgE in both @entity56 and control populations. The measurement of serum total IgE is not helpful for the diagnosis of @entity56 @entity1576 because it has a quite good sensibility, a poor specificity and a poor negative predictive value. The test was more sensible and less specific in @entity1 .

title: [Contribution of serum total immunoglobulin E measurement in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases', 'respiratory allergic diseases']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory allergic diseases']


abstract: The aim was to expand recently published information regarding the significance of the interleukin (IL)-8/p- @entity4104 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway in @entity816 , focusing on the @entity687 receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 ( @entity7416 ), and the @entity4104 inhibitor @entity5740 (suppressors of cytokine signaling). A total of 91 @entity982 -embedded @entity1 @entity816 tissues (grades II-IV) were investigated for the association of @entity5740 and @entity7416 expression with clinicopathologic and morphometric microvascular characteristics, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity687 and p- @entity4104 expression and @entity1 survival. Peripheral @entity687 secretion levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT). @entity5740 , p- @entity4104 and @entity7416 protein levels were also quantified by Western immunoblotting in six cases, and the protein levels of @entity5740 and @entity7416 were correlated with the immunohistochemical expression of the respective proteins. All @entity7416 -positive cases by Western immunoblotting displayed increased peripheral @entity687 secretion levels. Treatment of @entity463 cell cultures with exogenous @entity687 enhanced proliferation, and this effect was inhibited by treatment with a neutralizing anti- @entity7416 antibody. @entity5740 and @entity7416 were expressed by neoplastic astrocytes in 92.4% and 48.78% of cases, respectively, with their levels increasing with histological grade and extent of @entity39 . @entity7 expression and microvessel density, @entity7416 and @entity687 levels were interrelated. @entity5740 and p- @entity4104 were co-expressed in 85.7% of cases, although they were not interrelated. In univariate survival analysis, increased @entity5740 expression and the presence of @entity7416 adversely affected survival, whereas in multivariate analysis, only @entity7416 remained significant. The prognostic significance of @entity7416 was validated in an independent set of 63 @entity1 . Our data implicate @entity687 / @entity7416 signaling pathway in the progression and regulation of angiogenesis in @entity816 and provide a rationale for @entity7416 therapeutic exploitation in these @entity5 .

title: Expression of XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['primary glioblastoma']

answer: @entity5740 :: (9021,Gene) :: ['interleukin-8 receptor CXCR2 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective was to validate an online nomogram developed based on the French collaborative national database on upper urinary tract @entity189 (UUT-UC) using a different cohort. METHODS: The study comprised 328 @entity1 with UUT-UC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy. The discrimination of models was quantified using Harrell's concordance index. The relationship between the model-derived and actuarial @entity5 -specific mortality was graphically explored within calibration plots. Calibration was also assessed using the quartiles of the predicted survival at 3 and 5 years and calculation of the corresponding observed Kaplan-Meier estimates. Clinical net benefit was evaluated constructing decision curve analysis. RESULTS: The discrimination accuracy of the nomograms at 3 and 5 years was 71.6% and 71.8%, respectively. Although nomograms discriminated well by Kaplan-Meier curves, and log-rank tests were all highly significant, the calibration plots tended to exaggerate the overestimation of mortality between predicted and observed probabilities at 3 and 5 years for survival. When compared with the AJCC/UICC staging system, the nomograms performed well across a wide range of threshold probabilities using decision curve analysis. CONCLUSION: The online nomogram is a highly accurate prognostic tool for @entity1 with UUT-UC treated with radical nephroureterectomy. The model can provide an accurate estimate of the individual risk of @entity5 -specific mortality. Further improvement and implementation of novel molecular marker is needed.

title: External validation of an online nomogram in XXXX undergoing radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With an increasing number of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) undergoing liver transplantation (OLT), @entity157 remains the main limiting factor for long-term survival. We herein report our experience with @entity2857 treatment for @entity157 post-OLT. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed data on transplanted @entity157 @entity1 receiving @entity2857 for @entity157 . RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 were included for the period November 2006 to February 2011. There were 9 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 of median age of 57 years. Twelve @entity1 (86%) received rescue grafts through Eurotransplant allocation. Median values for alpha fetoprotein levels, Model for End-Stage @entity409 score, @entity2857 daily dose, and length of treatment were 97 ng/mL, 10, 400 mg, and 6.5 months, respectively. @entity2857 side effects led to discontinuation (n = 4) or reduction (n = 2) of the daily dose. Four @entity1 experienced @entity5 progression during treatment. Seven @entity1 are currently alive, 3 @entity1 died of @entity5 progression, and 4 @entity1 of non- @entity5 -related causes of @entity204 . Median survival was 25 months. CONCLUSION: @entity2857 treatment for @entity157 in transplant recipients represents a challenging oncologic approach that requires further validation in prospective, multicenter studies.

title: XXXX treatment for recurrent @entity157 after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC recurrence']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['Sorafenib']


abstract: @entity47193 ( @entity47193 ) can effectively treat @entity91 by reshaping crania with the appropriate spring force. However, it is difficult to accurately estimate spring force without considering biomechanical properties of tissues. This study presents and validates a reliable system to accurately predict the spring force for @entity91 . The authors randomly chose 23 @entity1 who underwent @entity47193 and had been followed for at least 2 years. An elastic model was designed to characterize the biomechanical behavior of calvarial bone tissue for each individual. After simulating the contact force on accurate position of the skull strip with the springs, the finite element method was applied to calculating the stress of each tissue node based on the elastic model. A support vector regression approach was then used to model the relationships between biomechanical properties generated from spring force, bone thickness, and the change of cephalic index after surgery. Therefore, for a new @entity1 , the optimal spring force can be predicted based on the learned model with virtual spring simulation and dynamic programming approach prior to @entity47193 . Leave-one-out cross-validation was implemented to assess the accuracy of our prediction. As a result, the mean prediction accuracy of this model was 93.35%, demonstrating the great potential of this model as a useful adjunct for preoperative planning tool.

title: A Systematic Approach to Predicting Spring Force for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['scaphocephaly', 'sagittal craniosynostosis surgery']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity47193 :: ('MESH:C566781', 'Disease') :: ['Spring-assisted surgery', 'SAS']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['Sagittal Craniosynostosis Surgery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has appeal for en bloc resection of large flat @entity1127 carries appreciable risk and demands a high level of expertise and training. Undermining flat and laterally spreading @entity1127 by using @entity33 (SEMF) may be combined with ESD to offer a hybrid technique that is easier and safer. OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of combining SEMF and ESD for the removal of progressively larger areas of the mucosa in the porcine rectum and colon. DESIGN: Two-phase ex vivo and in vivo study using @entity12526 rectum and distal colon. SETTING: Developmental endoscopy unit/animal research unit. INTERVENTIONS: Progressively larger targeted mucosal dissections were performed by using the basic principles of ESD, which included margination of the targeted area of mucosa, submucosal fluid cushion, and needle-knife dissection. These were combined with the SEMF method of predissection with @entity544 ( @entity515 ) gas and balloon-based blunt dissection of the submucosa undermining the targeted and isolated mucosa. The hybrid technique was first applied to ex vivo porcine rectums and distal colons, then in vivo in an acute animal study. Progressively larger staged dissections were performed with 2-, 4-, and 6-cm diameter targeted mucosal sites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Success with associated difficulty or failure of the hybrid method in the rectum and distal colon to achieve complete resection of a progressively larger targeted area of mucosa. RESULTS: The ex vivo phase of the experiment demonstrated the ability to use the blunt balloon dissection of the SEMF procedure to remove 2-, 4-, and 6-cm areas of rectum and distal colon with a rapid progression to the largest size resection. The colon proximal to 20 cm above the anus was unable to hold a submucosal fluid cushion and allow submucosal dissection. Successful hybrid ESD was performed in vivo with staged progression through to the largest mucosal area (6 cm) within 20 cm of the anus. Dissections became progressively easier and faster to perform and dependent on the following steps: a traditional circumferential mucosal incision into the deep submucosa, an @entity1613 (MP), balloon dissection, and needle-knife release of persistent tethering strands of submucosa with and without vessels. Of 16 hybrid resections, 3 failures and 2 very difficult resections were attributed to attempts at resection too proximal in the colon, excessive flexibility of the balloon catheter, and electrosurgical device subperformance. There were no mucosal perforations or coagulation injuries to the MP. A single uninflated balloon catheter perforation of the MP occurred in a dissection site just above 20 cm from the anus with a suboptimal fluid cushion. LIMITATIONS: Animal study. Procedures performed by a single endoscopist with long-standing familiarity with the SEMF method. CONCLUSIONS: Large mucosal target sites in the rectum and distal colon of the @entity1707 can be safely removed en bloc by means of a hybrid technique, ie, @entity10700 with mucosal resection, combining elements of ESD with our SEMF method.

title: XXXX with mucosal resection: a hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection in the porcine rectum and distal colon.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'colorectal polyps but']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal endoscopy with the mucosal safety valve flap']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial needle-knife submucosal "tunnel" dissection above the muscularis propria']

entities_list: @entity10700 :: ('MESH:C563509', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal endoscopy']

answer: @entity10700 :: (MESH:C563509,Disease) :: ['Submucosal endoscopy']


abstract: In the @entity1 ovary, primordial follicles are generated early in life and remain dormant for prolonged periods. Their growth resumes via primordial follicle activation, and they continue to grow until the preovulatory stage under the regulation of hormones and growth factors, such as @entity172 , FSH, and @entity7424 . Both FSH and @entity7424 activate the @entity4357 -3 kinase (PI3K)/ @entity1994 (acute transforming retrovirus thymoma protein kinase) signaling pathway in granulosa cells (GCs), yet it remains inconclusive whether the PI3K pathway is crucial for follicle growth. In this study, we investigated the @entity20721   isoform (encoded by the @entity33518 gene) of PI3K catalytic subunit expression in the @entity19 ovary and its function in fertility. @entity33518 -null females were subfertile, exhibited fewer growing follicles and more atretic antral follicles in the ovary, and responded poorly to exogenous gonadotropins compared with controls. Ovary transplantation showed that @entity33518 -null ovaries responded poorly to FSH stimulation in vitro; this confirmed that the follicle growth defect was intrinsically ovarian. In addition, @entity53 (E2)-stimulated follicle growth and GC proliferation in preantral follicles was impaired in @entity33518 -null ovaries. FSH and E2 substantially activated the PI3K/ @entity1994 pathway in GCs of control @entity19 but not in those of @entity33518 -null @entity19 . However, primordial follicle activation and oocyte meiotic maturation were not affected by @entity33518 knockout. Taken together, our findings indicate that the @entity20721   isoform of the PI3K catalytic subunit is a key component of the PI3K pathway for both FSH and E2-stimulated follicle growth in ovarian GCs; however, it is not required for primordial follicle activation and oocyte development.

title: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase @entity20721   mediates XXXX - and FSH-stimulated ovarian follicle growth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Nine cases of a syndrome are described, which is known as the "Currarino triad" and which belongs to the group of @entity600 in which there is a persistent neurenteric communication. The features of the triad consist of ano-rectal anomalies (particularly ano-rectal stenoses), a curved, but limited, sacro-coccygeal defect ("scimitar sacrum") and a @entity5 , which may be an anterior sacral meningocoele, a @entity44 , a cyst (dermoid or neurenteric a cyst ( @entity601 ) or a mixture of these. In at least 50% of cases, the triad is familial and autosomal dominant. Of our nine cases, seven were familial. A dangerous complication is @entity693 due to @entity281 , or @entity292 formation between the colon and spinal canal (one of our cases). Other complications are a fixed filum terminale ("tethered cord") and @entity600 of the urogenital tract. The risk of @entity5 in a @entity44 is low, but exists. When considering the indications for surgery, this must be kept in mind, as must the risk of @entity281 , and damage to neural structures during operation. In all cases of early obstipation the sacrum should be x-rayed in order to exclude a Currarino triad. The finding of a @entity17315 and a presacral mass makes it essential to obtain CT of the pelvis with contrast in the distal gut and in the meningeal sac. The same is true for screening of the family (including views of the sacrum).

title: [The Currarino triad. An autosomal-dominant inherited complex of anorectal malformation, XXXX . Observation of 9 further cases].

entities_list: @entity17315 :: ('MESH:C564271', 'Disease') :: ['sacral defect']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['presacral tumour', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the cystic component', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid or neurenteric cyst']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['sacrococcygeal defect and presacral tumor']


abstract: @entity3841 is a major periodontal pathogen which is associated with both early-onset @entity2521 and adult cases refractory to conventional periodontal therapy, although the organism has also been shown to be widely distributed among dentate healthy individuals. The observed disease status may be associated with a variation in virulence of different strains or clones. The aim of the present study was to analyse genotype distribution as assessed by an arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) among 51 isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans recovered from more than 200 young adult recruits with no or @entity2520 . In addition, isolates from 25 @entity2521 @entity1 as well as reference strains were genotyped. Primers amplifying (i) a specific sequence in the ltxA region, (ii) a specific 16S rRNA sequence and (iii) sequences in the leukotoxin promoter region were used to verify species identity of the strains. Three random oligonucleotide primers were employed to analyse genomic polymorphisms of the organism by means of PCR. A total of 19 genotypes could be distinguished, which were grouped by cluster analysis into 5 major clusters based on genetic similarity and a complete linkage sort. Whereas 3 clusters assembled A. actinomycetemcomitans genotypes isolated from both healthy subjects and @entity2521 @entity1 , one cluster containing 4 different genotypes exclusively comprised isolates from healthy or @entity2522 subjects. Another cluster with 2 genotypes consisted of strains originating from @entity2521 @entity1 (p < 0.05). One strain characterized by a specific 530 bp deletion in the promoter region of the leukotoxin region was identified in a Ghanese @entity1 with localized juvenile @entity2521 . It was concluded that there is considerable clonal diversity of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from healthy or periodontally diseased subjects, and that genetically closely related groups might be associated with health or disease.

title: Clonal diversity of XXXX isolates from young adults with @entity2520 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['minor periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A close relationship between reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and @entity14360 , which is a common complication of myringotomy, was recently reported. The objective of this study was to measure ROS levels directly in @entity35 tympanic membranes using @entity6931 -aided chemiluminescence (CL) in order to compare the levels of ROS after incisional and radiofrequency (RF) myringotomy. METHODS: Fifteen @entity35 were separated into three groups of five animals each. @entity1621 were made using an appropriate myringotomy lancet in Group 1 and RF in Group 2. Group 3 served as the control group with no myringotomy. Twenty-four hours after the procedure, all tympanic membranes were inspected with an otomicroscope and then excised for the measurement of ROS using @entity6931 -aided CL. RESULTS: The mean ROS level in Group 1 was significantly higher than that in Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.05 for both). The difference in mean ROS level between Groups 2 and 3 was not significant (p>0.05). Otomicroscopy revealed increased vascularity and vessel dilation in all tympanic membranes that underwent myringotomy. @entity384 was observed in the annular region in the vessels that passed along the long arm of the malleus, in addition to the vessels feeding the anterior and posterior tympanomalleolar folds. CONCLUSIONS: Although the relationship between ROS and the development of @entity14360 after myringotomy has been demonstrated, the present study is the first to compare incisional and RF myringotomy based on the measurement of ROS levels. Our results indicate that the increase in ROS due to myringotomy was greater following incisional myringotomy than RF myringotomy.

title: Levels of reactive @entity26 species in XXXX tympanic membranes after incisional versus radiofrequency myringotomy.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular dilation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14360 :: ('MESH:D063371', 'Disease') :: ['myringosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral myringotomies']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) plays an important role in the deacetylation of histone, which can alter gene expression patterns and affect cell behavior associated with malignant transformation. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships between @entity17029 , @entity15687 , clinicopathologic characteristics, @entity1 prognosis and apoptosis, to clarify the mechanism of upregulation of the @entity2270 inhibitor @entity21125 (an important regulator of the Wnt pathway) by X-radiation and to elucidate the effect of siRNA on radiation therapy of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity17029 and @entity15687 expression levels were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription PCR. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 -nick end labeling and fluorescence activated cell sorting. BE1 cells expressing @entity21125 were exposed to 2 Gy of X-radiation. RESULTS: Expression of @entity17029 and that of @entity15687 were correlated, and significantly higher in @entity1149 tissues than in normal lung tissues (P   <   0.05). @entity17029 and @entity15687 expression was correlated with pTNM stage and negatively correlated with differentiation of @entity1149 and apoptotic index (P   <   0.05). The prognosis of @entity1 with low expression of @entity17029 and @entity15687 was better than that of those with high expression. X-radiation and siRNA inhibited @entity17029 and @entity15687 expression in @entity1149 cells and @entity21125 levels were significantly higher in BE1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: X-radiation and siRNA inhibit expression of @entity17029 and @entity15687 , weaken the inhibitory effect of HDAC on @entity21125 , upregulate @entity21125 expression and induce apoptosis of @entity2 cells. Inhibition of @entity17029 and @entity15687 is a means of enhancing the radiosensitivity of @entity1149 .

title: X-radiation inhibits histone deacetylase 1 and 2, upregulates XXXX expression and induces apoptosis in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity21125 :: (8312,Gene) :: ['Axin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the in vitro caries inhibition of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer-3M) and two compomers (Dyract-Dentsply; Compoglass-Ivoclar). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized Class V preparations were placed in 40 molars, the gingival margin placed below the cementoenamel junction. Randomly, 10 Vitremer, 10 Dyract and 10 Compoglass restorations were placed according to manufacturer's instructions, in 30 teeth. Ten teeth received @entity2451 composite resin (3M) restorations and acted as the control. All teeth had an acid-resistant varnish placed to within 1 mm of restoration margins and they were then placed into artificial saliva for 4 weeks, the saliva being replenished every 48 hours. All teeth were subjected to an artificial caries challenge (pH 4.4) for 5 days. Sections of 100 microns were obtained, photographed under polarized light microscopy, and then digitized to quantitate demineralized areas adjacent to the restoration. RESULTS: The mean (+/- S.D) area (microns 2) @entity3760 100 microns from the dentin/gingival margin was: Vitremer 4965 +/- 841, Compoglass 4981 +/- 2209, Dyract 5375 +/- 516, @entity2451 8088 +/- 2083. ANOVA and Duncan's (P < 0.05) indicated all three @entity1388 -releasing materials examined in this study had significantly less @entity3760 adjacent to restoration margins than the @entity2451 composite resin control. Seventy percent of glass ionomer cement restorations demonstrated adjacent dentin inhibition zones, while no dentin inhibition zones were demonstrated with the compomer restorations.

title: Dentin XXXX inhibition at restoration margins of Vitremer, Dyract and Compoglass.

entities_list: @entity3760 :: ('MESH:D017001', 'Disease') :: ['demineralization']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity3760 :: (MESH:D017001,Disease) :: ['demineralization']


abstract: AIMS: Completion lymph node dissection (CLND) and adjuvant therapy are recommended for node-positive @entity320 @entity1 . We sought to analyze our institution's experience with neoadjuvant biochemotherapy in stage III @entity1 . METHODS: Clinical information was extracted from a retrospective database on @entity9910 @entity1 . Eligible @entity1 received two cycles of biochemotherapy prior to their CLND. RESULTS: There were 153 @entity1 available for analysis. The average @entity5 depth was 2.5 mm. More than half of all @entity1 presented with @entity1600 . @entity532 occurred in 23% of @entity1 . @entity1 who experienced an adverse event during their neoadjuvant therapy had a worse overall survival when compared with those who did not (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that aggressive neoadjuvant treatment prior to CLND does not impact surgical complications. Our surgical outcomes are similar to the current literature when adjuvant therapy is used in @entity9910 . The inability to tolerate neoadjuvant therapy in @entity9910 is a negative prognostic indicator.

title: A neoadjuvant biochemotherapy approach to XXXX : analysis of surgical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node-positive disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity9910 :: ('MESH:C563985', 'Disease') :: ['stage III melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity9910 :: (MESH:C563985,Disease) :: ['stage III melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in risk factors and @entity64 mechanisms between @entity4522 ( @entity4522 ) and extracranial @entity731 (ECAS) and between anterior and posterior circulation @entity731 . METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, Web-based registry was performed on @entity64 using diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. @entity64 mechanisms were categorized as @entity1416 , in situ thrombo-occlusion, @entity732 , or @entity73 . RESULTS: Onethousand @entity1 were enrolled from 9 university hospitals. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.033; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.018-1.049), male gender (OR, 3.399; 95% CI, 2.335-4.949), and @entity407 (OR, 1.502; 95% CI, 1.117-2.018) were factors favoring ECAS (vs @entity4522 ), whereas @entity101 (OR, 1.826; 95% CI, 1.274-2.618; P=0.001) and @entity6 (OR, 1.490; 95% CI, 1.105-2.010; P=0.009) were related to posterior (vs anterior) circulation diseases. @entity209 was a factor related to @entity4522 (vs ECAS) only in posterior circulation @entity64 (OR, 2.433; 95% CI, 1.005-5.890; P=0.007). @entity64 mechanisms included @entity887 (59.7%), @entity732 (14.9%), in situ thrombo-occlusion (13.7%), @entity73 (0.9%), and mixed (10.8%). Anterior @entity4522 was more often associated with @entity1416 (51.8% vs 34.0%) and less often associated with @entity732 (12.3% vs 40.4%) than posterior @entity4522 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of risk factors and @entity64 mechanisms differ between @entity4522 and ECAS, and between anterior and posterior circulation @entity731 . Posterior @entity4522 seems to be closely associated with metabolic derangement and @entity732 . Prevention and management strategies may have to consider these differences.

title: Risk factors and @entity64 mechanisms in XXXX : intracranial compared with extracranial and anterior compared with posterior circulation disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic strokes', 'strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['artery-to-artery embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['arterytoartery embolism']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['local branch occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis', 'ICAS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic stroke']


abstract: SJL @entity19 are known for their poor IgE production upon helminth infection. In this study, we have demonstrated that SJL standard B cells (85% IgM+ or B220+), prepared by complement-mediated T cell lysis, failed to proliferate and to produce IgE and @entity9686 in response to @entity558 plus @entity58 in vitro. This diminished IgE production was restored by anti-IL-12 and enhanced by additional treatment with anti- @entity6026 , suggesting active suppression by the cells that produce IL-12 and @entity6026 . Indeed, SJL standard B cells were contaminated with @entity3804 + cells. Therefore, we removed macrophages by passing standard B cells through a Sephadex G-10 column ( @entity49732 ). Resultant cells (95% IgM+), designated as @entity49732 -B cells, responded to @entity558 and @entity58 by their proliferation and differentiation. G-10 treatment markedly diminished the proportion of B220- cells and @entity3804 + cells in SJL standard B cells. Furthermore, addition of SJL B220- cells dose dependently and MHC independently inhibited @entity558 plus @entity58 -induced B cell growth and IgE production in SJL and BALB/c B cells. B220- cells in SJL standard B cells contained @entity3804 + cells (51%) and Fas ligand+ @entity1961 -CD8- double-negative CD3intIL-2R beta+ T cells (26%). Thus, IL-12 and @entity6026 produced by @entity558 -stimulated @entity3804 + cells stimulate this unique subpopulation of T cells to produce @entity60 , which in combination with Fas ligand, inhibits IgE production from the B cells. Our present results indicate that @entity3804 + cells and double-negative CD3intIL-2R beta+ T cells, uniquely abundant in the spleens of SJL @entity19 , inhibit IgE production, indicating their new role in IgE response.

title: XXXX -stimulated SJL macrophages produce IL-12 and @entity6026 that inhibit IgE production in vitro by induction of @entity60 production from CD3intIL-2R beta+ T cells.

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['LPS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse urological cases registered with the Northern @entity154 Survey ( @entity20336 ) and thus assess antenatal diagnostic sensitivity, measure regional interhospital variation and determine whether antenatal ultrasonography has contributed to the prevention of @entity5450 in childhood. METHODS: All notification documents forwarded to @entity20336 from its inception in 1984 until 31 December 1996 were inspected and those relating to @entity5450 were abstracted. Information about postnatal progress was often missing. Twenty-three hospitals delivering maternity services were identified and randomly allocated a code letter a-w. Data were analysed in two periods, 1984-90 and 1991-96. To quantify hospital performance an 'expected number' for each hospital was calculated from the overall incidence per 1000 births and the number of births in each hospital. RESULTS: There was a clear improvement in antenatal diagnostic sensitivity for the major @entity5450 in the second period, but there was considerable variation among hospitals in the number of cases notified; this applied particularly to @entity8 . Two hospitals notified significantly more cases in this category than all the others. The difference in notification rates among hospitals was caused by diagnoses such as @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ), @entity4145 , which often produce @entity8 . Hospitals which notified more of these cases performed more micturating cystograms and identified more @entity1 with @entity3025 . Measurements of the fetal renal pelvis were regularly made by only seven hospitals; one of these had difficulties with postnatal follow-up. There was evidence that moderate degrees of @entity8 (4-10 mm) were associated with @entity3025 ; 8.5% of the @entity1 in whom @entity3025 was diagnosed had fetal renal dilatation of this order. CONCLUSION: Antenatal renal dilatation and its significance are either not being recognized or not appreciated in some hospitals. The high incidence of @entity3025 in cases with moderate @entity8 indicates that @entity1 with this condition may be escaping diagnosis.

title: Screening for fetal XXXX : how effective?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Abnormality']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['antenatal renal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological abnormalities', 'urinary tract disease']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesico-ureteric reflux']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction and megaureter']

answer: @entity5450 :: (MESH:D014570,Disease) :: ['urological abnormalities']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of type I collagen on the healing of @entity79 both experimentally and clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the experimental study, 16 adult male @entity95 were divided into 2 groups: a collagen group and a control group. After the induction of general anesthesia with intraperitoneal @entity3652 , the anterior surfaces of tibias of the @entity95 were surgically exposed, and a hole 4 mm in diameter was made in each tibia. In the collagen group, the defects were filled with type I collagen. The unfilled defects of the other animals were used as controls. During the study, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity of the @entity95 , and radiopacity changes in the radiographs of the tibias of the @entity95 were evaluated. The @entity95 were killed on the 35th day, and histologic sections of the tibias were prepared. The clinical study was carried out on periapical defects in a total of 15 @entity1 who underwent apicoectomy. After the surgical procedure, the @entity154 in periapical regions of 7 @entity1 were filled with type I collagen. The unfilled cavities of the other @entity1 were used for control purposes. The @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiographically in the postoperative period. The data were analyzed by Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: In the experimental study, there was an increase in radiopacity corresponding with the serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and there were statistically significant differences between the control and collagen groups both radiologically and biochemically on the 14th and 28th days of the study. In the clinical study, the control cavities filled with a tissue of normal bone density in about 5 months, but the collagen cavities filled in 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that heterologous type I collagen provides a more rapid regeneration of @entity79 .

title: Evaluation of the effect of heterologous type I collagen on healing of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['osseous defects']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A supple @entity85 caused by @entity12290 may include a supination deformity of the forefoot that usually is not sufficiently corrected by the commonly suggested treatment options. The use of a partial anterior tibial tendon (ATT) graft that is rerouted through the first cuneiform to the proximal stump of the PTT may restore plantarflexion power of the first ray (Cobb procedure). METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive @entity1 with @entity12290 and a supple supination deformity of the forefoot were included. A clinical examination, a subjective score, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean AOFAS score increased from preoperatively 53.2 (range 40 to 68) to 88.5 (range 78 to 94) at a followup of 24 (range 12 to 46) months. The overall clinical results were excellent in nine @entity1 (41.0%), good in 12 (54.5%), fair in one (4.5%), and poor in none. None of the @entity1 had decreased power of the anterior tibial tendon compared to the contralateral foot. Nineteen @entity1 (86%) were able to wear shoes without shoe modifications. CONCLUSIONS: The Cobb procedure provided satisfactory correction of associated forefoot supination @entity12290 . All @entity1 had improved function because of the increased stability of the first ray. There was no evidence of loss of ATT power. The Cobb procedure may be considered an appropriate alternative to arthrodeses in selected @entity1 with supple supination deformity in @entity12318 .

title: The Cobb procedure for treatment of acquired @entity85 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['stage II PTT dysfunction', 'posterior tibial tendon (PTT) dysfunction', 'deformity in stage II PTT dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot deformity']

answer: @entity12290 :: (MESH:D037081,Disease) :: ['stage II insufficiency of the posterior tibial tendon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical @entity5 . Although the optimal chemotherapeutic regimen is not yet defined, previous randomized trials have demonstrated that @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) plus @entity900 every 3 weeks and weekly @entity900 are the most popular regimens. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of weekly CCRT with @entity900 and monthly CCRT with @entity1487 plus @entity900 for locally advanced cervical @entity5 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from 255 @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 were classified into two CCRT groups according to the concurrent chemotherapy: weekly CCRT group, consisted of CCRT with weekly @entity900 for six cycles; and monthly CCRT group, consisted of CCRT with @entity900 and @entity1487 every 4 weeks for two cycles followed by additional consolidation chemotherapy for two cycles with the same regimen. RESULTS: Of 255 @entity1 , 152 (59.6%) @entity1 received weekly CCRT and 103 (40.4%) received monthly CCRT. The mean follow-up period was 39 months (range, 1 to 186 months). Planned CCRT was given to 130 (85.5%) @entity1 in weekly CCRT group and 84 (81.6%) @entity1 in monthly CCRT group, respectively. Severe adverse effects were more common in the monthly CCRT group than in the weekly CCRT group. There were no statistically significant differences in progression-free survival and overall survival between the two groups (p=0.715 and p=0.237). CONCLUSION: Both weekly CCRT and monthly CCRT seem to have similar efficacy for @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 , but the weekly @entity900 is better tolerated.

title: Comparison of concurrent chemoradiation therapy with weekly @entity900 versus monthly XXXX plus @entity900 in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'FIGO stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a primary medical versus surgical service on healthcare utilization and outcomes for adhesive @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) admissions. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Adhesive- @entity1744 typically requires hospital admission and is associated with high healthcare utilization and costs. Given that most @entity1 are managed nonoperatively, many @entity1 are admitted to medical hospitalists. However, comparisons of outcomes between primary medical and surgical services have been limited to small single-institution studies. METHODS: Unscheduled adhesive- @entity1744 admissions in NY State from 2002 to 2013 were identified using the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. Bivariate and mixed-effects regression analyses were performed assessing factors associated with healthcare utilization and outcomes for @entity1744 admissions. RESULTS: Among 107,603 admissions for adhesive- @entity1744 (78% nonoperative, 22% operative), 43% were primarily managed by a medical attending and 57% were managed by a surgical attending. After controlling for @entity1 , physician, and hospital-level factors, management by a medical service was independently associated with longer length of stay [IRR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24, 1.56], greater inpatient costs (IRR = 1.38, 95% = 1.21, 1.57), and a higher rate of 30-day readmission (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.22, 1.42) following nonoperative management. Similarly, of those managed operatively, management by a medicine service was associated with a delay in time to surgical intervention (IRR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.69, 2.01), extended length of stay (IRR=1.36, 95% CI = 1.25, 1.49), greater inpatient costs (IRR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.71), and higher rates of 30-day mortality (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.50, 2.47) and 30-day readmission (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.97, 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that management of @entity1 presenting with adhesive- @entity1744 by a primary medical team is associated with higher healthcare utilization and worse perioperative outcomes. Policies favoring primary management by a surgical service may improve outcomes and reduce costs for @entity1 admitted with adhesive- @entity1744 .

title: XXXX With Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction Should Be Primarily Managed by a Surgical Team.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intraocular pressure (IOP) determination using dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) has been considered to be independent of @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ), while Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is known to be influenced by various corneal properties. In this study, IOP was measured before and 1 day after @entity231 surgery using GAT and DCT to investigate the possible effects of @entity3279 on IOP measurements. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with advanced @entity231 were included in a pilot study. IOP was measured using GAT and DCT before and 1 day after phacoemulsification. @entity2840 was determined before and after surgery to quantify postsurgical @entity3279 . RESULTS: @entity2840 increased significantly (by 89.7    107.4  m, P < 0.0001) 1 day after surgery. No significant difference was found for IOP measurements using GAT and DCT before surgery (mean IOP GAT: 17.5    5.7 mmHg; mean IOP DCT: 17.9    6.4 mmHg; P = 0.67) and 1 day after surgery (mean IOP GAT: 16.1    6.6 mmHg; mean IOP DCT: 16.8    8.3 mmHg; P = 0.69). IOP values using GAT and DCT were significantly correlated before as well as 1 day after surgery (before surgery: r = 0.82, P < 0.0001; after surgery r = 0.83, P < 0.0001). Bland-Altman plots showed a high variability in the difference in IOP measurements between methods before and 1 day after surgery. CONCLUSION: GAT and DCT seem to be equally valuable in IOP determination in postsurgical central @entity3279 , although large differences between both methods are present in individual @entity1 . IOP evaluation in @entity3279 remains a difficult clinical challenge.

title: Tonometry in @entity3279 after XXXX surgery: dynamic contour tonometry versus Goldmann applanation tonometry.

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether social deprivation has any independent effect on emergency @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). DESIGN: Cohort study of 478 @entity1 with @entity712 who had been hospitalised before 1993 and who were followed up during 1993 and 1994. SETTING: Emergency admissions within Tayside acute hospitals. @entity1 : 478 @entity712 @entity1 who had a previous @entity583 , a previous @entity712 admission, and were on diuretic treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Emergency hospital admissions are divided into those for all causes and those for cardiac causes only. RESULTS: Social deprivation was significantly associated with an increase in the number of @entity299 (p = 0.007). This effect was mainly caused by increasing the proportion of @entity1 hospitalised in each deprivation category (26% in deprivation category 1-2 versus 40% in deprivation category 5-6, p = 0.03). This effect of deprivation was independent of disease severity, as judged by the dose of prescribed diuretic, the death rate, and the duration of each hospital stay. Non-adherence with diuretic treatment could not account for these findings either. CONCLUSIONS: Social deprivation increases the chance of a @entity712 @entity1 being rehospitalised independently of disease severity. Possible explanations are that doctors who look after socially deprived @entity1 have a lower threshold for cardiac hospitalisation of their @entity1 , or that social deprivation alters the way a @entity712 @entity1 accesses medical care during decompensation. Understanding how social deprivation influences both doctor and @entity1 behaviour in the prehospital phase is now crucial in order to reduce the amplifying effect that social deprivation appears to have on @entity299 .

title: Social deprivation increases XXXX in @entity712 independent of disease severity and diuretic non-adherence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hospitalisations']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac hospitalisations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity215 ( @entity215 ) is one of the most common types of @entity299 and requires prompt surgical correction. Post-correction @entity338 ( @entity338 ) often ensues in adulthood. At times, the @entity338 is accompanied by @entity849 (PS). Little is known regarding right ventricular (RV) function in the setting of combined PS and @entity338 . PURPOSE: To compare cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters for the assessment of RV function between @entity1 with @entity849 and @entity338 (PSPI) and isolated @entity338 following surgical repair of @entity215 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 with comparable corrected @entity215 and similar @entity338 was performed. Seventeen @entity1 (median age, 24 years; range, 10-52 years) had combined PSPI and 30 @entity1 (median age, 30 years; range, 6-70 years) had isolated @entity338 . Cine magnetic resonance (MR) images (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands) in the short-axis plane were used to calculate end-systolic, end-diastolic, and @entity64 volumes (RVESV, RVEDV, RVSV) and to measure RV wall thickness. Velocity-encoded cine MR images were used to measure @entity338 fraction (PRF) by calculating the ratio of backward flow and total forward flow, obtained from the main pulmonary flow analysis. Peak pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve was obtained from spectral Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: RVEF was 51    8% in the PSPI @entity1 and 39    11%, in the @entity1 with isolated @entity338 (P = 0.001). Additionally, RV wall thickness was 5.2    0.8 mm in the PSPI @entity1 compared to 2.6    0.9 mm in the isolated @entity338 @entity1 (P = 0.001). RVESVi and RVEDVi were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in @entity1 with combined PSPI (60    21 mL/m(2), 121    35 mL/m(2), respectively) compared to the @entity1 with isolated @entity338 (95    48 mL/m(2), 152    61 mL/m(2), respectively). CONCLUSION: RV function is preserved in @entity1 with PSPI when compared to @entity1 with @entity338 following surgical repair of @entity215 .

title: CMR assessment of right ventricular function in @entity1 with XXXX and insufficiency after correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'Tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation', 'pulmonary insufficiency', 'PI']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['residual pulmonary stenosis', 'combined pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['combined pulmonary stenosis']


abstract: Tissue engineering and cell therapy require large-scale production of homogeneous populations of lineage-restricted progenitor cells that easily can be induced to differentiate into a specific tissue. We have developed straightforward protocols for the establishment of @entity1 embryonic stem (hES) cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor (hES-MP) cell lines. The reproducibility was proven by derivation of multiple hES-MP cell lines from 10 different hES cell lines. To illustrate clinical applicability, a xeno-free hES-MP cell line was also derived. None of the markers characteristic for undifferentiated hES cells were detected in the hES-MP cells. Instead, these cells were highly similar to mesenchymal stem cells with regard to morphology and expression of markers. The safety of hES-MP cells following transplantation was studied in @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 . The implanted hES-MP cells gave rise to homogeneous, well-differentiated tissues exclusively of mesenchymal origin and no @entity44 formation was observed. These cells further have the potential to differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. The possibility of easily and reproducibly generating highly expandable hES-MP cell lines from well-characterized hES cell lines with differentiation potential into several mesodermal tissues entails an enormous potential for the field of regenerative medicine.

title: XXXX embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitors--potential in regenerative medicine.

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severely combined immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete resuscitative @entity432 of the aorta (C-REBOA) increases proximal mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the cost of distal organ @entity63 , limiting the duration of intervention. We hypothesized that partial @entity432 (P-REBOA) would maintain a more physiologic proximal MAP while reducing distal tissue @entity63 . We investigated the hemodynamic and physiologic effects of P-REBOA versus C-REBOA. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen @entity1707 were anesthetized, instrumented, splenectomized, and subjected to rapid 25% blood volume loss. They were randomized to C-REBOA, P-REBOA, or no intervention (controls). P-REBOA was created by partially inflating an aortic balloon catheter to generate a 50% blood pressure gradient across the balloon. Hemodynamics were recorded and serum makers of @entity63 and @entity32 were measured. Following 90 minutes of treatment, balloons were deflated to evaluate the immediate effects of reperfusion. End organs were histologically examined. RESULTS: C-REBOA produced supraphysiologic increases in proximal MAP after @entity548 compared to more modest augmentation in the P-REBOA group (p<0.01), with both groups significantly greater than controls (p<0.01). Less rebound @entity551 following @entity661 was seen in the P-REBOA compared to C-REBOA groups. C-REBOA resulted in higher serum @entity880 than both P-REBOA and controls (p<0.01). Histology revealed @entity39 and @entity5932 in all C-REBOA animals but none with P-REBOA. CONCLUSIONS: In a porcine @entity548 model, P-REBOA resulted in more physiologically tolerable hemodynamic and ischemic changes compared to C-REBOA. Further work is needed to determine if the benefits associated with P-REBOA can both extend the duration of intervention and increase survival.

title: Partial Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in a @entity1707 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['early necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['disruption of duodenal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon deflation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular balloon occlusion', 'aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhagic Shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute worsening of renal function, an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in @entity712 ( @entity712 ), occurs as a consequence of new onset @entity8 (AKI) or acute deterioration of pre-existed @entity740 ( @entity740 ) ( @entity810 , ACKI). However, the possible difference in prognostic implication between AKI and ACKI has not been well established. METHODS: We studied all consecutive @entity1 hospitalized with @entity712 from 2003 through 2010 in Nanfang Hospital. We classified @entity1 as with or without pre-existed @entity740 based on the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over a six-month period before hospitalization. AKI and ACKI were defined by @entity38543 criteria according to the increase of the index serum @entity1011 . RESULTS: A total of 1,005 @entity1 were enrolled. The incidence of ACKI was higher than that of AKI. The proportion of @entity1 with diuretic resistance was higher among @entity1 with pre-existed @entity740 than among those without @entity740 (16.9% vs. 9.9%, P = 0.002). Compared with AKI, ACKI was associated with higher risk for in-hospital mortality, long hospital stay, and failure in renal function recovery. Pre-existed @entity740 and development of acute worsening of renal function during hospitalization were the independent risk factors for in-hospital death after adjustment by the other risk factors. The @entity38543 classification predicted all-cause and cardiac mortality in both AKI and ACKI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with ACKI were at greatest risk of adverse short-term outcomes in @entity712 . Monitoring eGFR and identifying @entity740 should not be ignored in @entity1 with @entity65 .

title: @entity810 of XXXX with @entity712 : impact on outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute decompensated heart failure', 'ADHF']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute-on-chronic kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Better diagnosis of @entity3 has been pursued by oncologists: however, many of the @entity5 markers have been still controversial. Our purpose was to estimate the usefulness of soluble @entity4105 and its ligand @entity37325 for more accurate diagnosis as a combined @entity5 marker for @entity3 in @entity14 . METHODS: @entity4105 and @entity37325 , collected from preoperative blood, were measured of its levels in 54 @entity1 with @entity14 classified according to Dukes' stage. @entity4105 was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas @entity37325 was quantified by enzyme immunoassay using immunoclone kit. RESULTS: The elevation in the level of @entity4105 was significantly higher in Dukes' D group than that of healthy volunteers (P < 0.001, Fisher's procedure of least significance test), Dukes' A (P = 0.01), B (P = 0.025) and C (P < 0.01). Significantly higher level of @entity37325 was shown in the group of @entity3 than that of non- @entity3 (P < 0.0068. Student's t-test). Paired elevation of @entity4105 and @entity37325 was significantly higher in the hematogenous @entity3 than non- @entity3 (P < 0.001, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity4105 could play some role in the progress of hematogenous @entity3 . The elevation of @entity4105 alone or both @entity4105 and @entity37325 may be one of the useful indexes for more precise diagnosis of hematogenous @entity3 of @entity1 @entity14 .

title: @entity5 marker of soluble @entity4105 and its ligand XXXX in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity37325 :: ('MESH:C086528', 'Chemical') :: ['sialyl Lewis A']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity37325 :: (MESH:C086528,Chemical) :: ['sialyl Lewis A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a surgical classification system for @entity3 of proximal femur and discuss the therapeutic strategy with retrospective analysis and literature review. METHODS: The data of 99 @entity1 who underwent a total of 102 operations for femoral metastatic lesions from January 2003 to December 2011 was analyzed. There were 50 males and 49 females, and the median age was 56 years (range 15-87 years). The most common diagnosis was @entity2 (30 cases), followed by @entity0 (17 cases). All femoral lesions were divided into 4 types (I-IV) with different anatomic site and biomechanic characteristic. The @entity1 with various surgical reconstruction mode and postoperative follow-up data were recorded. RESULT: There were 65 side who received widely or marginal resection and 37 side who received intralesional resection. The @entity1 were operated with bipolar hip prosthesis (n = 3), @entity572 (THR) (n = 10), @entity162 prosthesis (n = 48), THR with @entity5 prosthesis (n = 8), intramedullary nailing (n = 21), and plate/screw (n = 12). The estimated survival for the 99 @entity1 was 10.3 months. Type I, II, III and IV @entity1 with postoperative American @entity2721 -93 rating were 86.5%, 77.3%, 81.3% and 69.1%. @entity1 with type IV were worse compared with the other 3 groups (t = 4.763, P = 0.031). The 10 operations were followed by complications of any kind. Complication rate of @entity1 with type IV were 3/12, and it was significantly higher than the other 3 groups of @entity1 (  (2) = 4.018, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: The classifications and corresponsive surgical methods for upper femur @entity3 had some superiority in hinting prognosis and guiding treatment.

title: [Surgical classification and therapeutic strategy for XXXX of proximal femur].

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['ordinary total hip replacement']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['Society of bone and soft tissue tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: A new procedure for the confirmation of two @entity4028 antibiotics in milk was developed and validated. This work is among the early applications of ion trap mass spectrometry for regulatory methodology, and it incorporates a novel weak cation-exchange extraction. The procedure was validated for the confirmation of both @entity801 and @entity5154 at 30 ng ml(-1) and above. Milk is first treated with acid and centrifuged. The supernate, excluding the fat layer, is buffered with @entity4958 to neutral pH. The extract is applied to a weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction column. Aminoglycosides are eluted with acidified @entity1042 . Following separation by ion-pair liquid chromatography, analytes are ionized with an electrospray interface. Protonated molecular ions are selectively stored in an ion trap mass spectrometer, then collisionally dissociated to yield unique product ion spectra. Confirmation is based on matching spectral responses between samples and comparison standards consisting of a bona fide standard spiked into control extracts. Method performance was demonstrated with replicate samples of control milk, fortified milk, and milk containing incurred residues of each compound.

title: Confirmation of XXXX and @entity5154 in milk by weak cation-exchange extraction and electrospray ionization/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the presentation, management and outcome of persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of @entity950 seen at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for @entity1 over a 10 year period. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review of 20 subjects was performed. As well as laboratory data, data were collected on clinical presentation, medical and surgical management and developmental outcome. RESULTS: Twenty subjects (11 male) were identified with presentation at a median age of 1.5 months (range 0-10 months), with 10 (50%) presenting in the first week of life. Only 20% of @entity1 were large for gestational age. Diagnosis was made on the basis of high @entity413 requirements and inappropriately high @entity2690 levels at the time of hypoglycaemia. Eight (40%) responded well to @entity6335 treatment alone, seven (35%) received @entity6335 in combination with other short-term medical therapy initially and five (25%) required pancreatectomy (repeat surgery in three). Those who required surgery had a higher mean birth weight. @entity1 presenting in the first week of life were less likely to respond to @entity6335 . At the time of last review, eight (40%) of those treated medically had ceased all treatment. Two of the five cases requiring pancreatectomy now require @entity2690 treatment. Neurodevelopmental assessment was normal in 11 (55%), mild delay was found in six (30%) and moderate or severe delay was found in three (15%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1717 remains a major diagnostic and management challenge. Early suspicion and recognition is critical with definitive investigation and medical therapy to avoid hypoglycaemia, with pancreatectomy in medically unresponsive cases. Normal neurodevelopmental outcome was found in only 55% of cases.

title: Ten years' experience of persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['Persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity950 :: (MESH:C537702,Disease) :: ['infancy']


abstract: @entity2491 ( @entity2491 ) is a major cause of @entity1902 in @entity291 and @entity1 . Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (M  ) are major players in early @entity1200 , and their response could influence the course of @entity281 . Therefore, the global transcriptional response of @entity291 monocyte-derived DC and M   to stimulation with live and inactivated @entity2491 was compared. Both cell types mount a major response 2 h post @entity281 , with a core common response conserved across cell-type and stimuli. However, three of the most affected pathways; inflammatory response, regulation of transcription and regulation of programmed cell death, exhibited cell-type and stimuli-specific differences. The expression of a subset of genes associated with these pathways was investigated further. The inflammatory response was greater in M   than DC, in the number of genes and the enhanced expression of common genes, e.g., interleukin (IL) 1B and IL6, while the opposite pattern was observed with interferon gamma. Furthermore, a large proportion of the investigated genes exhibited stimuli-specific differential expression, e.g., Mediterranean @entity221 . Two-thirds of the investigated transcription factors were significantly differentially expressed in response to live and inactivated Salmonella. Therefore the transcriptional responses of @entity291 DC and M   during early @entity2491 @entity281 are similar but distinct, potentially due to the overall function of these cell-types. The differences in response of the host cell will influence down-stream events, thus impacting on the subsequent immune response generated during the course of the @entity281 .

title: Live and inactivated XXXX stimulate similar but distinct transcriptome profiles in @entity291 macrophages and dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. Typhimurium', 'Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunity to Salmonella']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium']


abstract: @entity2294 are common complications after cardiac surgery; however, their treatment is not well established yet. We reviewed the accuracy and limits of clinical trials of prophylaxis and treatment of these diseases to identify an evidence-based therapeutic approach. We performed a literature search in the National Library of Medicine using the keywords pericardial effusion, cardiac surgery and paediatric/congenital. The research was then redefined adding separately the @entity8198 , NSAIDs, @entity230 and @entity3812 . We found 12 clinical trials (eight for the prophylaxis and four regarding treatment), testing three major agent classes: NSAIDs, corticosteroids and @entity3812 . Therapy is generally based on NSAID with or without @entity230 with the adjunct of @entity3812 for recurrences. Only a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults support NSAID therapy. Efficacy of @entity230 has been proved only in small paediatric works, whereas no studies are available for @entity3812 . Studies furthermore presented some limitations: not univocal endpoints (not allowing for a meta-analysis), a limited sample size, scarce attention to confounders (such as the underlying @entity299 and diuretic/analgesic regimen). Moreover, different agents were not assessed, nor when to start therapy. More evidence (two wide RCT plus a meta-analysis) supports the role of @entity3812 for prophylaxis in adults. Prophylaxis with NSAID/corticosteroids instead failed to have significant advantage in @entity1 , whereas a few data are available for adults. Evidence for the treatment of @entity2294 is incomplete, making it difficult to understand when to treat and which agent to employ, especially in @entity1 .

title: Controversies in the prophylaxis and treatment of XXXX : a critical review with a special emphasis on paediatric age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8198 :: ('MESH:D011185', 'Disease') :: ['keywords postpericardiotomy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['Postsurgical pericardial syndromes', 'postsurgical pericardial syndromes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['postsurgical pericardial syndromes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the impact of intravitreal ranibizumab on @entity1 -reported visual function using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) through 6 months in @entity1 with @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) secondary to branch or central @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). DESIGN: Two multicenter, double-masked trials, which enrolled @entity1 with @entity1103 secondary to branch or central @entity2994 : the RanibizumaB for the Treatment of @entity1103 following BRAnch @entity2994 : Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety (BRAVO) trial or the Central @entity2994 Study: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety (CRUISE) trial. @entity1 : Three hundred ninety-seven BRAVO and 392 CRUISE @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomized 1:1:1 to monthly sham, 0.3-mg, or 0.5-mg injections of ranibizumab for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Although visual acuity was the main outcome measure for the trials, mean change from baseline in NEI VFQ-25 scores at month 6 was a secondary outcome measure. RESULTS: In BRAVO, among the 132, 134, and 131 @entity1 randomized, respectively, to sham, 0.3 mg ranibizumab, or 0.5 mg ranibizumab, the study eye was the worse-seeing eye in 121 (91.7%), 118 (88.1%), and 125 (95.4%) @entity1 and 123 (93.2%), 128 (95.5%), and 125 (95.4%), respectively, had a 6-month follow-up visit. In CRUISE, among the 130, 132, and 130 @entity1 randomized, respectively, to sham, 0.3 mg ranibizumab, and 0.5 mg ranibizumab, the study eye was the worse-seeing eye in 117 (90.0%), 123 (93.2%), and 120 (92.3%) @entity1 and 115 (88.5%), 129 (97.7%), and 119 (91.5%), respectively, had a 6-month follow-up visit. In both trials, @entity1 treated with ranibizumab reported greater mean improvements in visual function, with substantial differences observed as early as month 1, including the NEI VFQ-25 composite score and near and distance activities subscales, compared with sham @entity1 . P values for comparisons with sham for the composite score and these 2 subscales were <0.05. CONCLUSIONS: These results from the BRAVO and CRUISE trials indicate that @entity1 with @entity1103 from RVOs treated with monthly ranibizumab report greater improvements in vision-related function compared with sham-treated @entity1 through 6 months, even when a majority of @entity1 present with @entity735 .

title: Improved vision-related function after ranibizumab for @entity1103 after XXXX : results from the BRAVO and CRUISE trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'RVO', 'Retinal Vein OcclUsIon', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['RVOs in the worse-seeing eye']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['Macular Edema', 'ME', 'macular edema']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: @entity5 of the pancreas are an uncommon entity comprising fewer than 1 per cent of all @entity788 . The guidelines for management of these @entity5 , specifically, the extent of resection, are unclear. Formerly, a distal pancreatectomy including the spleen was performed for @entity5 in the tail of the pancreas. The importance of preserving the spleen has been well documented; however, there are few reports of spleen-preserving pancreatectomy for @entity5 of the distal pancreas. We report two @entity1 who underwent spleen-preserving pancreatectomy for mucinous @entity5 in the tail of the pancreas. Both @entity1 were female, ages 39 and 65 years. Preoperative preparation included administration of vaccinations and subcutaneous @entity1943 . Operative technique emphasized division of the splenic artery and vein beyond the tip of the distal pancreas without mobilization of the spleen. The pancreas was transected with a vascular stapler. Fibrin glue was applied to the margin of the pancreas. The operative @entity190 , duration of operation, and postoperative hospital stay were 150 and 250 mL, 150 and 180 minutes, and 7 and 9 days, respectively. The pathology revealed @entity66 to be mucinous @entity5 . The @entity1 recovered and at 6-month follow-up were without complaints and in good health. Spleen-preserving pancreatectomy is rapid and associated with minimal morbidity. This procedure should be considered in the surgical management of @entity5 in the tail of the pancreas.

title: Spleen-preserving pancreatectomy for cystic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['both lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic neoplasms', 'cystic neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neoplasms']


abstract: Our objective was to evaluate @entity256 after stenting of femoropopliteal occlusions and the impact of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) on recurrent @entity850 . We used a retrospective analysis of contrast angiograms obtained during follow-up of stented limbs. Subjects included 27 claudicants (34 limbs) who had @entity432 treated with @entity865 and Wallstents at the Veterans Adminstration Medical Center. During follow-up, 31 PTAs, three thrombolytic treatments, and one additional stenting were performed. Outcome was measured by contrast angiography. Primary patency at 1 and 3 years was 38% and 8% after stenting, and secondary patency ( @entity865 required at least once in 21/34 limbs) was 89% and 55%, respectively. @entity865 performed during follow-up reduced within-stent @entity256 on average from 48.3 +/- 13.6% to 22.8 +/- 18.0%. Recurrent @entity850 after @entity865 measured 14.9 +/- 10.9 months later was 46.8 +/- 16.7%, showing little permanent impact of @entity865 on @entity850 . Severe within-stent @entity850 develops commonly after initial stenting of complete femoropopliteal occlusions. Supplemental @entity865 performed during follow-up provides immediate improvement in lumen diameter, but severe @entity256 is still likely to recur.

title: Transluminal stenting for XXXX : analysis of @entity256 by serial arteriography.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['complete superficial femoral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['femoropopliteal occlusive disease']


abstract: Out- @entity1 operations cause lower costs and they are a method the @entity1 are less burdened with than it is the case with usual operating methods. Avoiding @entity580 is regarded as another advantage. The rate of infection can be given by a carefully kept nosocomial infection surveillance. Ambulatory surgery units have difficulties in keeping these statistics because they often do not take over the after-treatment of this @entity1 . Out- @entity1 operations in surgeries must guarantee the same standard of hygiene which can usually be found in hospitals. Hospital epidemiologists, health authorities and professional associations have published corresponding guidelines with organizational/functional and structural requirements. These requirements, however, are only met by few ambulatory practices. Surgery holders justify the non-observance of the guidelines by supposing that the spectrum of germs in their office differs from that in a hospital and that there aren't any pathogens. The standard of hygiene in ambulatory surgery units is not controlled regularly. Therefore the @entity10281 conditions and the microbial burden of five surgeries that carry out out- @entity1 operations under general anaesthesia were determined within the scope of microbial monitoring of the surroundings. Only two surgeries achieved a standard of hygiene which is comparable with that of a hospital. Up to 42% of the taken samples were sterile. The other three surgeries did not meet the requirements. The microbial burden in these surgeries was distinctly higher. The spectrum of detected microorganisms was very wide and there were pathogens too. @entity10281 controls and monitoring of the surroundings should be carried out regularly as a measure to guarantee the production and maintenance of quality. Thus the actually achieved @entity10281 standard in the surgeries can be controlled and improved if necessary. Ambulatory surgeries should be liable to similar @entity10281 controls as hospitals.

title: XXXX monitoring of environmental surroundings in office-based ambulatory surgery units--an instrument for infection control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['hygienic', 'Hygienic']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity10281 :: (MESH:D020920,Disease) :: ['Hygienic']


abstract: The cooperation of @entity6826 ( @entity6826 ) and @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) is required to induce renewal divisions in erythroid progenitors, whereas differentiation to mature erythrocytes requires the presence of @entity1307 only. @entity1307 and @entity6826 activate common signaling pathways such as the activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and the subsequent phosphorylation and inactivation of @entity16389 . In contrast, only @entity1307 activates @entity11715 . Both @entity16389 and @entity11715 promote erythroid differentiation. To understand the interplay of @entity6826 and @entity1307 in maintaining the balance between renewal and differentiation during erythroid development, we investigated differential @entity16389 target regulation by @entity1307 and @entity6826 . Expression profiling revealed that a subset of @entity16389 targets was not inhibited but was activated by @entity1307 . One of these genes was @entity25818 . Transcriptional control of @entity1307 / @entity16389 -induced @entity25818 was studied and compared with that of the @entity1307 -repressed @entity16389 target @entity23636 . We show that in response to @entity1307 , the allegedly growth-inhibitory factor @entity16389 associates with the allegedly growth-stimulatory factor @entity11715 in the nucleus, which is required for @entity1307 -induced @entity25818 expression. In contrast, @entity23636 expression is controlled by the cooperation of @entity16389 with @entity1919 - and @entity5183 -dependent Creb family members. Thus, @entity16389 not only is an effector of PKB but also integrates distinct signals to regulate gene expression in erythropoiesis.

title: Differential regulation of XXXX target genes in erythropoiesis.

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Epo']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['SCF', 'stem cell factor']

answer: @entity16389 :: (2309,Gene) :: ['Foxo3a']


abstract: AIMS: We report a review of our institutional and consultation files in order to select cases of hitherto unrecognized type of @entity420 occurring in the tongue. MATERIALS AND RESULTS: Eight cases of a characteristic @entity420 resembled solid and follicular variants of the @entity1377 of the thyroid. All the @entity5 were unencapsulated and were divided by fibrous septa into lobules. Major parts of the lesions were composed of areas with solid and microcystic growth patterns. The most striking cytological feature was that the @entity5 nuclei were pale-staining with a 'ground glass' quality, and they often appeared to overlap. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 expressed cytokeratin and @entity4483 protein and, focally, actin; thyroglobulin was negative. Ultrastructurally the cells had clefted nuclei, and the cytoplasm contained a few mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi apparatus. Many @entity5 cells had combined features of both myoepithelial and secretory differentiation-well formed microvilli on their apical borders and bundles of microfilaments. At first presentation, all eight @entity1 had @entity3 in the regional neck lymph nodes, but all are alive 2-6 years after the initial excision and irradiation. CONCLUSION: We describe a distinctive type of @entity420 , for which we propose the name cribriform @entity420 (CAT). CAT usually presents with @entity3 in the neck lymph nodes at the time of presentation. We hypothesize that the @entity5 might arise from the thyroglossal duct anlage.

title: Cribriform @entity420 : a hitherto unrecognized type of XXXX characteristically occurring in the tongue.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the tongue']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify regulatory T  cell (Treg) subsets residing in adipose tissue, demonstrate their immunosuppressive functions, and assess the possible role of @entity4093 in their function in overweight subjects. METHODS: Fat samples were obtained by lipoaspiration from healthy overweight (n  =  15) and normoweight (n  =  11) subjects. We obtained the stromal vascular fraction and then isolated the mononuclear cells by Ficoll-Hypaque sedimentation. The Treg subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry, the expression of @entity4093 and @entity403 was detected by western blot, and @entity6864 ( @entity5601 -y) expression was evaluated by qPCR. RESULTS: We detected low numbers of Treg cell subsets displaying the phenotypes @entity404 + @entity2902 - @entity403 +, @entity405 + @entity2902 - @entity403 +, and @entity404 + @entity13796 + @entity403 + associated with increased body mass index in overweight subjects. We found lower levels of mRNA @entity4093 expression in adipocytes from overweight subjects than in those from normoweight subjects. In contrast, increased amounts of the @entity4093 and @entity403 proteins in adipose tissue mononuclear cells from overweight subjects were observed. The immunosuppressive function of @entity404 + @entity2902 +  Treg cells is higher in cells from obese subject than in those from normoweight subject. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of Treg subsets in overweight subjects with a high percentage of inhibition of proliferation could be related to high levels of the @entity403 protein. Likewise, the low expression of @entity4093 and @entity5601 -y mRNA levels and increased concentration of @entity4093 proteins allows adipose tissue mononuclear cells to respond to stimuli dependent on @entity859 receptors and sirtuin pathways.

title: Diminished levels of regulatory T cell subsets ( @entity405 + @entity403 , @entity404 + @entity403 and @entity404 + XXXX + @entity403 ) but increased @entity403 expression in adipose tissue from overweight subjects.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma']

answer: @entity13796 :: (953,Gene) :: ['CD39']


abstract: It is well recognized that @entity11 escape an immune response by hiding behind the blood-brain barrier and by producing proteins that suppress systemic immunity. However, if @entity11 can be made to be more immunogenic or if a @entity5 vaccine can be produced, then access to all @entity5 cells including those that infiltrate into the brain can be achieved through the @entity1 's immune response. Several strategies have been investigated for immunotherapy. Laboratory studies and animal models have shown that these immune cells will attack the @entity5 cell, reduce the size of implanted @entity5 , and that the immune memory is sufficient to suppress @entity5 growth when the animal is rechallenges with a @entity5 implant. Since the development of hybridoma technology, monoclonal antibodies against @entity1 @entity5 cells have been produced and antigens have been identified. Hagiwara reported the production of a human monoclonal antibody, @entity12587 , made by fusing UC 729-6, @entity1 lymphoblastoid B-cell line, with lymphocytes obtained from a @entity1 with the @entity2622 . It has been reported that @entity12587 recognized the antigen expressed in various histological types of @entity1 @entity5 including @entity11 . The effect of human monoclonal antibody( @entity12587 ) on malignant @entity1313 was evaluated in @entity1 with @entity11 . Early phase II study was concluded that this specific immunotherapy with @entity12587 is safe and effective therapy in @entity1 with @entity11 . We treated 10 cases of @entity11 with @entity12587 . All @entity1 had received radiotherapy and chemotherapy before this immunotherapy using the human monoclonal antibody. The human monoclonal antibody( @entity12587 ) was administered intravenously once or twice/week during 24 weeks. Six cases of @entity463 , 1 @entity2946 and 3 cases of potine @entity11 histologically unverified, were treated. Five cases of 6 @entity463 died 4 to 12 months after this treatment, 3 cases of pontine @entity11 showed good responses, 2 cases showed marked decrease of @entity5 size and 1 case showed no regrowth of @entity5 on MRI imaging. For the above reasons, Human monoclonal antibody( @entity12587 ) might be useful as an immunotherapy of @entity11 .

title: [Monoclonal immunotherapy with human monoclonal antibody( XXXX ) in @entity11 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma', 'malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity12587 :: (MESH:D017099,Disease) :: ['CLN-IgG']