abstract: @entity397 of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) resulting in unusual clinical manifestations can occur if the resistance of structures surrounding the aorta is sufficient to contain @entity548 . In this report, we describe five cases of chronic @entity1755 in which the presenting feature was @entity16 . All @entity1 were male with a mean age of 74 +/- 1.8 years. At the time of presentation, @entity16 had been ongoing for 3 to 9 weeks. In three cases, @entity1028 was not initially suspected because an inadequate clinical examination was performed (not in the vascular surgery department) and because of the small diameter of the aorta in relation to the @entity1 's morphology. Two @entity1 had one episode of @entity551 that was wrongly attributed to @entity11419 . Abdominal CT scanning was always diagnostic of chronic @entity397 . In two cases, @entity397 was associated with erosion of the body of one or more vertebrae and laboratory evidence of @entity32 , i.e., increase in sedimentation rate and @entity2002 level. The mean diameter of the @entity1028 was 7.1 +/- 0.9 cm (range 5-10 cm). All @entity1 underwent midline laparotomy, which was performed under emergency conditions in two cases, under semi-emergency conditions in one case, and electively in two cases. Perforation was consistently located on the posterolateral wall of the aorta and varied from 1 to 3 cm in length. Repair was performed using an aortobifemoral prosthesis in four cases, and a straight tube in one case. The @entity1 who underwent emergency surgery died 4 days after the procedure. The remaining four @entity1 recovered uneventfully and were discharged after 10 days. In the elderly, @entity1755 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity16 . An episode of @entity551 , regardless of its duration, in an elderly @entity1 should be given serious consideration as a possible sign of @entity1755 with @entity548 .

title: @entity397 of @entity1028 manifesting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'ongoing retroperitoneal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['crural neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity11419 :: ('MESH:C536827', 'Disease') :: ['vagal attack']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['crural neuropathy']


abstract: The effect of two concentrations of @entity28602 on biogenic @entity6115 accumulation during the ripening of slightly fermented sausages was examined. Three batches of sausages were manufactured: one without @entity18765 (control), one with 500 mg/kg and one with 1000 mg/kg of @entity28602 . Considerable @entity6114 production (75-140  mg/kg dry matter [dm]) was observed in all batches. Sausages with @entity18765 , especially those with 500 mg/kg, accumulated higher amounts of @entity6114 than those without @entity18765 . @entity7226 was observed in the batch without @entity18765 (38 mg/kg dm), but its production was markedly inhibited by the presence of @entity18765 . A small amount of @entity7224 (4-12  mg/kg dm) was found during ripening and its final content was slightly higher in sausages with 1000  mg/kg of @entity18765 . No production of @entity112 , @entity21675 or @entity7300 was observed. @entity5261 and @entity8037 levels decreased during ripening, whereas @entity11667 levels remained constant. Although sausages with @entity18765 showed lower microbial counts, only @entity7226 production was lower than in sausages without @entity18765 . In contrast, @entity6114 and @entity7224 production seemed to be stimulated by the presence of @entity28602 .

title: Biogenic XXXX accumulation in ripened sausages affected by the addition of @entity28602 .

entities_list: @entity7300 :: ('MESH:C030820', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptamine']

entities_list: @entity28602 :: ('MESH:C025026', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulphite']

entities_list: @entity18765 :: ('CHEBI:17359', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphite']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7226 :: ('MESH:D002103', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadaverine', 'cadaverine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity5261 :: ('MESH:D000376', 'Chemical') :: ['Agmatine']

entities_list: @entity21675 :: ('CHEBI:50048', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylethylamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity6115 :: (CHEBI:32952,Chemical) :: ['amine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the current clinical use of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation in @entity1 , the acute and late effects of @entity75 production in immature myocardium remain unknown. This study was specifically designed to investigate the pathology of @entity75 in developing @entity742 myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS: In study 1, @entity75 were made on the epicardial left ventricular surface of the beating heart in 15 @entity742 , 5 approximately 4 weeks of age (11.0 +/- 1.0 kg) and 10 approximately 8 weeks of age (23.8 +/- 3.4 kg), to assess the effects of RF application duration (10 to 90 seconds) and electrode tip temperature (45 degrees to 90 degrees C) on lesion size in immature myocardium. Lesion width and depth increased asymptotically with RF duration, to 7.0 +/- 0.7 and 4.8 +/- 1.0 mm at 90 seconds, respectively. The time to reach one-half lesion size was 6.5 seconds for width and 12.0 seconds for depth. Lesion width increased nearly linearly with tip temperature above 50 degrees C, but depth followed a sigmoid relation, with no increase above 80 degrees C. In study 2, @entity75 were made in all four cardiac chambers under fluoroscopic guidance in 19 @entity1 @entity742 (10.9 +/- 1.4 kg). Lesion sizes and histological characteristics were assessed acutely (acute, n = 5), at 1.07 +/- 0.02 months (1 month, n = 5), and at 8.5 +/- 0.5 months (late, n = 9). @entity2504 but not atrioventricular groove lesions apparently increased in size during the follow-up period. @entity75 width increased from 5.3 +/- 0.5 to 8.7 +/- 0.7 mm at 1 month (164%) but did not increase further at late follow-up, while ventricular lesion width increased from 5.9 +/- 0.8 to 10.1 +/- 0.7 mm (171%) at late follow-up but was not significantly changed at 1 month. Histological evaluation revealed replacement of normal myocytes with fibrous and elastic tissue at 1 month and late follow-up in all locations but also demonstrated a poorly delineated border with multiple extensions of fibrous and elastic tissue into surrounding normal myocardium in late @entity2504 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity75 formation in immature @entity742 myocardium is similar to that in adult myocardium acutely but is associated with late lesion enlargement and fibrous tissue invasion of normal myocardium. These findings may have implications for clinical RF ablation procedures in @entity1 .

title: Late enlargement of radiofrequency lesions in XXXX @entity742 . Implications for ablation procedures in small @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['RF lesion', 'RF lesions', 'Atrial lesions']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular lesions', 'Atrial and ventricular lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: The present study summarizes our experience in treating a @entity1 with a suspected @entity1261 ( @entity1261 )-producing @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the @entity1464 , which is a rather rare entity. A 56-year-old @entity1 underwent surgical excision of palate @entity12120 in 1996. In 2009, however, a @entity5 was detected in the lower left gingiva, for which the @entity1 underwent gingivectomy. This was subsequently diagnosed as @entity957 . The @entity1 also underwent superselective arterial injection chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, after local recurrence was observed. The @entity1 was subsequently found to have bone @entity3 . After chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, the @entity1 underwent segmental resection of the lower left jaw, left supraomohyoid neck dissection, and lower jaw reconstruction using @entity702 plates. Resection of the @entity5 and left total knee replacement were also performed. Computed tomography scan performed 1   month after the surgeries revealed multiple lung, liver, spine, and subcutaneous @entity3 . The @entity1 also exhibited a sudden increase in her white blood cell (WBC) count and a fever that could not be alleviated, despite treatment with antibacterial drugs. A @entity1261 -producing @entity5 was therefore suspected. Serum @entity1261 level was high at 250   pg/ml. The @entity1 's WBC count increased to 32       10(3)/ml and her general condition suddenly deteriorated, and she died as a result of @entity881 . A final diagnosis of @entity1261 -producing @entity957 of the @entity1464 was made based on the @entity1 's clinical course.

title: @entity1261 -producing XXXX of the @entity1464 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['lower gingiva']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'left femoral tumor', 'leukoplakic superficial tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity442 levels in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 without endogenous insulin production are low. Our aim was to examine whether the plasma insulin profile obtained by treatment with the insulin analogue lispro has a different effect on plasma concentrations of @entity442 and @entity10116 than that seen during treatment with conventional @entity1 insulin (regular insulin). DESIGN AND @entity1 : Twelve @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , age 47.8 +/- 2.4 years (mean +/- SEM), body mass index 26.5 +/- 1.0 kg/m2, @entity6 duration 30.5 +/- 3.2 years participated in this open label randomized cross-over study. @entity442 and @entity10116 levels were measured at the end of 6 weeks treatment with each insulin being administered by a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. @entity442 was measured fasting while @entity10116 , free insulin and blood @entity413 were measured fasting and repeatedly after a morning meal preceded by an insulin bolus dose. RESULTS: Lispro gave a marked insulin peak of 135 +/- 20 pmol/l 50 minutes after injection. After an initial rapid rise, @entity1 regular insulin reached a plateau of approximately 50 pmol/l. The plasma free insulin area under the curve (AUC) from 0710 h to 0910 h was more than twice as large on lispro as on regular insulin (P = 0.01). Plasma @entity442 concentration was 78.8 +/- 10.9 microg/l on lispro and 82.3 +/- 10.5 microg/l on @entity1 regular insulin (not significant). AUC for @entity10116 did not show a significant difference even when divided from 0710 h to 0910 h and from 0930 h to 1430 h. Blood @entity413 AUC after administration of the bolus was significantly lower during treatment with lispro (P = 0.006) but glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 6.4 +/- 0.2% on both therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the effect of lispro on @entity442 and @entity10116 in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 does not differ from that of @entity1 regular insulin.

title: Treatment with insulin lispro changes the insulin profile but does not affect the plasma concentrations of @entity442 and XXXX in type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity10116 :: (3484,Gene) :: ['IGFBP-1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) is a cluster of risk factors for @entity65 and @entity2175 . In Vietnam, more than one-quarter of its population aged 50-65 have @entity209 . This cluster-randomised controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to increase levels of physical activity and improve dietary behaviours among Vietnamese adults aged 50-65   years with @entity209 . METHOD AND ANALYSIS: This 6-month community-based intervention includes a range of strategies to improve physical activity and nutrition for adults with @entity209 in Hanam, a province located in northern Vietnam. 600 @entity1 will be recruited from 6 communes with 100 @entity1 per commune. The 6 selected communes will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group (m=3; n=300) or a control group (m=3; n=300). The intervention comprises booklets, education sessions, resistance bands and attending local walking groups that provide information and encourage @entity1 to improve their physical activity and healthy eating behaviours during the 6-month period. The control group @entity1 will receive standard and 1-time advice. Social cognitive theory is the theoretical concept underpinning this study. Measurements will be taken at baseline and postintervention to evaluate programme effectiveness. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The research protocol was approved by the Curtin University @entity1 Research Ethics Committee (approval number: HR139/2014). The results of the study will be disseminated through publications, reports and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12614000811606.

title: Community-based physical activity and nutrition programme for adults with XXXX in Vietnam: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The success of radiotherapy in eradicating the @entity5 in @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 is limited by normal tissue tolerance. Systematic recording of morbidity and treatment parameters is therefore very important for radiobiologic treatment optimization and clinical decision making. There is substantial evidence that fractionation schedules employing large doses per fraction lead to a loss of therapeutic ratio. A similar argument could be used for @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy that should also be administered in small dose fractions. However, @entity1168 brachytherapy might convey some advantage to physical dose distribution that should be weighed against the radiobiologic advantages of low-dose-rate (LDR) continuous irradiation. Increasing overall treatment time reduces local control probability, whereas a shorter overall treatment time by accelerated fractionation may improve the therapeutic ratio, at least in fast-growing @entity5 . @entity519 and reduced @entity26 delivery are associated with poor radiation response. @entity417 should be compensated, if necessary. The role of @entity519 modification needs to be further explored. In the future, the therapeutic ratio may also be improved by the use of chemical and biologic response modifiers. @entity5 are heterogeneous with respect to intrinsic radiosensitivity, proliferation parameters, and extent of @entity519 . Until a detailed prognostic profile can be obtained for each @entity1 , optimal curative radiotherapy must aim for a sufficient dose, short overall treatment time, @entity519 modification, and LDR or low dose per fraction.

title: Is there a radiobiologic basis for improving the treatment of advanced XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Achieving rapid, brain cooling has potentially important clinical implications. To investigate potential practicalities, we induced @entity75 in @entity235 by perfusing cooled crystalloid solution into the carotid artery using an extracorporeal cooling-filtration system. METHODS: Ringer's solution cooled to approximately 6.5 degrees C was infused at a rate of 3 ml/kg/min for 30 minutes into the right common carotid artery through an angiographic catheter via the right femoral artery in six adult @entity235 (13.81 +/- 0.60 kg). Excessive fluid was ultrafiltrated through a venovenous extracorporeal circuit via the right femoral vein. Temperature was monitored in the cerebral hemispheres, the rectum and the vena cava. The extracellular @entity880 concentrations were measured by microdialysis in the frontal lobes. RESULTS: Right brain temperature decreased to 33.6 +/- 2.0 degrees C from 37.7 +/- 1.1 degrees C 30 minutes after initiation of perfusion, while left brain and rectal temperatures were 34.3 +/- 1.7 and 34.1 +/- 1.3 degrees C, respectively. The cooling rate of the right cerebral hemisphere was 4.2 +/- 1.1 degrees C/ 30 minutes and advanced compared with the rectum (p<0.01), the left cerebral hemisphere and the vena cava (both p<0.05). There was no significant increase in the extracellular @entity880 concentrations in the cerebral hemispheres. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and cardiac function significantly changed during perfusion (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Brain @entity2332 was rapidly and safely induced using an intra-arterial crystalloid infusion and an extracorporeal cooing-filtration system. With refinement and further assessment of metabolic and physiologic parameters, the method holds a potential for clinical utility.

title: Rapid induction of XXXX by endovascular intra-arterial perfusion.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain hypothermia']


abstract: A total of 14 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 19 to 39 years old (mean age 27 years) with @entity2590 underwent undiversion 8 to 29 years (mean 16) after ileal conduit diversion. The main reasons for diversion were @entity322 in 17 @entity1 and failed ureteral reimplants in 3, and those for undiversion were a desire for an improved quality of life in 16, increasing @entity3041 in 4 and stomal problems in 3. Preoperative assessment included upper and lower tract imaging, and video urodynamics. Operations on the ureters included reimplantation into an intussuscepted nipple valve in 8 @entity1 , tunneled reimplants into a sigmoid augmentation in 3 and the ureters joined to either the bladder or lower ureter without interposing bowel in 9. All reimplantations were done with nonrefluxing techniques. A total of 18 @entity1 underwent @entity1494 and 2 @entity1 in whom cystectomy was performed for pyocystis underwent substitutions. Simultaneous continence procedures in 18 @entity1 included trigonal tubularization in 2, artificial sphincter implantation in 2, a @entity1494 sling in 5 or @entity1494 tapering and a sling in 9. The @entity1 were followed for a mean of 69 months (range 21 to 133). Eight @entity1 required reintervention within 1 year for problems, such as @entity834 in 1, @entity1876 in 1, @entity322 in 1, artificial urinary sphincter revisions in 1 and @entity3226 in 1. One @entity1 had a recurrent @entity1290 10 years after undiversion. All @entity1 experienced either persistence of normal upper tract appearance or improvement and/or stabilization of @entity3041 . Mean bladder capacity was 77 cc preoperatively and 480 cc postoperatively, while mean pressure at capacity decreased from 50 to 14 cm. water with detubularized augmentation. Of the @entity1 17 are completely dry, 2 wear 1 pad per day and 1 has @entity11795 . All but 1 @entity1 who voids with straining are on intermittent self-catheterization. All @entity1 , on followup interviews, reported an improved quality of life without a stoma. We conclude that undiversion provides an improved quality of life and an acceptable morbidity rate. The choice of operation depends on the anatomy of the @entity1 . We prefer a nonprosthetic type of @entity322 procedure when intermittent self-catheterization is to be done. No long-term morbidity has yet been noted.

title: Urinary undiversion in adults with XXXX : long-term followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder augmentation', 'bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder stones']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculus']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck obstruction']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: Active transport of @entity1522 by membrane vesicles from @entity526 , grown anaerobically on @entity413 in the presence of @entity1507 , can be energized under anaerobic conditions by electron transfer in the @entity1507 respiration system with @entity5189 as electron donor and @entity1507 as acceptor. A high rate of @entity535 transport is also obtained under anaerobic conditions by electron transfer from @entity5189 to the @entity1507 analogue @entity3782 or to the membrane-impermeable electron acceptor @entity9588 . Electron transfer from @entity5189 to @entity1507 results in the generation of an electrical potential as is indicated by the uptake of the lipophilic cation @entity43788 . @entity9588 accpets electrons from at least two sites of the @entity1507 respiration system. One of these sites appears to be @entity1507 reductase, because cytochrome b, reduced by @entity5189 , is completely reoxidized by @entity9588 and @entity2227 transport energized by @entity5189 plus @entity9588 and @entity5189 plus @entity1507 are affected by the same electron transfer inhibitors. A second site of electron transfer to @entity9588 appears to be located prior to @entity1507 reductase in the @entity1507 respiration system, since @entity5189 is oxidized at a higher rate in the presence of @entity9588 than with @entity1507 while @entity5189 / @entity9588 energizes transport of @entity1522 at a lower rate than @entity5189 / @entity1507 . Moreover, electron transfer inhibitors block electron transfer from @entity5189 to @entity1507 to a significantly higher extent than from @entity5189 to @entity9588 . The effects of irradiation of the membrane vesicles with near ultra-violet light suggest that @entity15942 play an essential role in the electron transfer from @entity5189 to @entity1507 or @entity9588 . Irradiation blocks completely @entity5189 -dependent @entity1507 and @entity9588 reduction and active transport driven by @entity5189 / @entity1507 and @entity5189 / @entity9588 , but has hardly any effect on the activity of @entity5189 dehydrogenase and on @entity9050 / @entity27544 / @entity26 -driven transport. Similar effects of @entity9588 have been observed in membrane vesicles from @entity526 , grown anaerobically in the presence of @entity8516 . In these membrane vesicles a high rate of @entity1132 and @entity43788 uptake under anaerobic conditions is obtained by electron transfer from @entity7685 to @entity8516 and also to @entity9588 and evidence has been presented for the involvement of cytochromes in these electron transfers.

title: Active transport by membrane vesicles from anaerobically grown @entity526 energized by electron transfer to @entity9588 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity8516 :: ('CHEBI:29806', 'Chemical') :: ['fumarate']

entities_list: @entity27544 :: ('CHEBI:8055', 'Chemical') :: ['phenazine methosulphate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3782 :: ('CHEBI:49709', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorate']

entities_list: @entity43788 :: ('MESH:C011561', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenylmethylphosphonium']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity7685 :: ('MESH:C029620', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol 1-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity9588 :: ('MESH:C007931', 'Chemical') :: ['Ferricyanide', 'ferricyanide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity3782 :: (CHEBI:49709,Chemical) :: ['chlorate']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of infrared LED irradiation on stem cells harvested from @entity1 exfoliated primary teeth (SHEDs). METHODOLOGY: Exfoliated primary teeth were obtained (n=3) and SHEDs obtained from the teeth were seeded on the pulpal surface of 0.2 mm-thick dentine discs produced from permanent molars. The cells were incubated for 24 hours by placing the disks in plain Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). The DMEM was then replaced with new culture medium formulated for odontoblast differentiation. After 12 hours in the second medium, SHEDs were irradiated through the dentine disks using an infrared LED (850 nm) with a power density of 80 mW/cm(2) . Energy doses delivered to the occlusal surface of the dentine disks were: 0 (control), 2 and 4 J/cm(2) (n=6). Subsequent tests were performed 72 hours after irradiation. These tests included cell viability ( @entity98 ), alkaline phosphatase activity ( @entity623 ), total protein production (TP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as gene expression for @entity623 , Col I, @entity25882 and @entity21954 . Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (a=0.05). RESULTS: Both energy doses (2 and 4 J/cm(2) ) significantly increased the cell viability and @entity623 activity. For TP, @entity623 and Col I gene expression, only the 4 J/cm(2) group had significantly higher values compared to the control group. Cell morphology was not affected by irradiation. CONCLUSION: Infrared LED irradiation was capable of biostimulating SHEDs through a 0.2 mm thickness of dentine, especially at the 4 J/cm(2) level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Transdentinal photobiostimulation of stem cells from XXXX exfoliated primary teeth.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: By assuming the brain as a multi-stable system, different scenarios have been introduced for transition from normal to @entity302 state. But, the path through which this transition occurs is under debate. In this paper a stochastic model for @entity410 genesis is presented that is consistent with all scenarios: a two-level spontaneous @entity410 generation model is proposed in which, in its first level the behavior of physiological parameters is modeled with a stochastic process. The focus is on some physiological parameters that are essential in simulating different activities of ElectroEncephaloGram (EEG), i.e., excitatory and inhibitory synaptic gains of neuronal populations. There are many depth-EEG models in which excitatory and inhibitory synaptic gains are the adjustable parameters. Using one of these models at the second level, our proposed @entity410 generator is complete. The suggested stochastic model of first level is a hidden Markov process whose transition matrices are obtained through analyzing the real parameter sequences of a @entity410 onset area. These real parameter sequences are estimated from real depth-EEG signals via applying a parameter identification algorithm. In this paper both short-term and long-term validations of the proposed model are done. The long-term synthetic depth-EEG signals simulated by this model can be taken as a suitable tool for comparing different @entity410 prediction algorithms.

title: Proposing a two-level stochastic model for XXXX genesis.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the outcome of surgical reconstruction for renal artery in @entity12040 -induced @entity2791 (TARAS). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 33 consecutive @entity1 with TARAS, who underwent @entity5509 ( @entity5509 ) with autologous saphenous vein graft. There were 9 male and 24 female @entity1 , with a mean age of (25    11) years. The effects on blood pressure and renal function were analyzed. Primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates were determined. The effects of various factors on primary patency rate were analyzed. All @entity1 showed @entity101 . The mean blood pressure was (175    26)/(100    19) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). The mean antihypertensive dosage was (2.1    0.6) @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ). Seventeen @entity1 showed intractable @entity101 . Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was (78    5) ml/min. One @entity1 was dialysis-dependent, and 3 @entity1 were combined with @entity712 . RESULTS: @entity5509 was performed for the 39 renal arteries, including 27 unilateral and 6 bilateral bypasses. Postoperative morbidity was 15.2%. All @entity1 survived. During follow-up of mean (56    18) months, two graft occlusions and four graft restenoses occurred. All graft restenoses were eliminated successfully with percutaneous angioplasty, but one @entity1 experienced @entity256 again six months later. At 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up, primary patency was 92%, 89%, and 79%, respectively, primary assisted patency was 95%, 95%, and 91%, respectively, and secondary patency was 95%, 95%, and 91%, respectively. @entity5509 resulted in a decrease in mean blood pressure to 139/85 mmHg (one month post- @entity5509 , P = 0.000) and 136/80 mmHg (last follow-up, P = 0.000), and a reduction in mean antihypertensive dosage to 1.4 @entity2794 (one month post- @entity5509 , P = 0.084) and 0.6 @entity2794 (last follow-up, P = 0.000). Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate increased to 82 ml/min (P = 0.458) one month post- @entity5509 , and 91 ml/min (P = 0.044) at last follow-up, respectively. The dialysis-dependent @entity1 no longer required hemodialysis, and @entity1002 resolved in all of the three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity5509 using the autologous saphenous vein graft is safe, effective and durable for treating TARAS.

title: [Aortorenal bypass with autologous saphenous vein in XXXX -induced @entity2791 : an analysis of 33 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5509 :: ('MESH:D058606', 'Disease') :: ['aortorenal bypass', 'ARB']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['defined daily dose', 'DDD']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have evaluated the prognostic impact of early invasive strategies in the management of non-ST elevation @entity1187 (NSTEACS). There is, however, conflicting evidence about the advantages of such an approach. In some studies the benefits are dependent on gender or age, while time to angiography varies between studies. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 222 @entity1 admitted with NSTEACS between 1/1/2004 and 12/31/2004. The @entity1 initially received intensive medical therapy and were divided into three groups according to the subsequent approach. In the early invasive strategy group (EIS; n = 62), angiography was performed in the first 48 hours; in delayed invasive strategy (DIS; n = 97), angiography was routinely performed but postponed beyond the first 48 hours; in the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ; n = 63), catheterization was performed only in cases of @entity951 or evidence of @entity63 in non-invasive tests. We evaluated the occurrence of @entity204 or hospitalization due to cardiac cause during a mean follow-up of 549 days. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' mean age was 64.6 +/- 11.7 years and 66.7% were male. @entity1585 @entity1 were older than the others (60.6 +/- 10.3 [EIS]; 63.2 +/- 11.2 [DIS]; 70.6 +/- 11.5 [ @entity1585 ]; p < 0.0005). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was similar in the three groups. Ejection fraction (EF) at discharge was lower in the @entity1585 group (51.2% +/- 9.5; 51.3% +/- 7.4; 44.5% +/- 11.4; p < 0.0005). The primary endpoint occurred in 9.6%, 16.4% and 41.3% in the EIS, DIS and @entity1585 groups respectively. On multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, EF and troponin I elevation, @entity1585 maintained the association with the endpoint (OR 5.17; 95% CI 1.64-16.32), while EF > 40% was inversely related to the endpoint. CONCLUSION: A conservative approach to NSTEACS was, in our population, associated with a worse prognosis. Delaying cardiac catheterization beyond the first 48 hours had no prognostic impact.

title: Two different invasive versus noninvasive strategies in the management of non-ST elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['refractory angina']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'conservative strategy group']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: @entity18639 ( @entity18640 ) is a common contaminant of @entity4336 worldwide and is responsible for several diseases of animals. In the preparation of tortillas, @entity4336 is treated with lime (producing nixtamal) that when heated hydrolyzes at least a portion of the @entity18640 to the @entity39982 backbone ( @entity39983 ), another known toxin. This study analyzed the amounts of @entity18640 and @entity39983 in tortillas and nixtamal from two communities in the central highlands of Guatemala where @entity4336 is a major dietary staple (Santa Maria de Jesus, Sacatepequez, and Patzicia, Chimaltenango). The amounts of @entity18640 and @entity39983 in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus were, respectively, 0.85 +/- 2.0 and 26.1 +/- 38.5 microg/g dry weight (mean +/- SD), and from Patzicia were 2.2 +/- 3.6 and 5.7 +/- 9.4 microg/g dry weight. Less than 6% of the tortillas from both locations contained > or = 10 microg @entity18640 /g dry weight; whereas, 66% of the samples from Santa Maria de Jesus and 29% from Patzicia contained > or = 10 microg @entity39983 /g dry weight. The highest amount of @entity39983 (185 microg/g dry weight) was found in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus. The highest amounts of @entity18640 were 6.5 and 11.6 microg/g dry weight in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus and Patzicia, respectively. The mean concentration of @entity18640 in nixtamal was significantly higher in Santa Maria de Jesus compared to Patzicia. Surprisingly, @entity39983 was not detected in any of the nixtamal samples. The @entity1 impact of exposure to these amounts of @entity18641 is not known. However, based on findings with other animals, where @entity4336 is a dietary staple, long-term consumption of @entity18640 and @entity39983 (especially at > or = 10 microg/g of the diet) may pose a risk to @entity1 health.

title: @entity18639 and hydrolyzed XXXX ( @entity39983 ) in tortillas and nixtamalized @entity4336 (Zea mays L.) from two different geographic locations in Guatemala.

entities_list: @entity18639 :: ('MESH:C056933', 'Chemical') :: ['Fumonisin B1']

entities_list: @entity18641 :: ('MESH:D037341', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisins']

entities_list: @entity39982 :: ('MESH:C110744', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopentol']

answer: @entity18639 :: (MESH:C056933,Chemical) :: ['fumonisin B1']


abstract: The standard surgical management of @entity173 is associated with tissue @entity130 and @entity548 which are added to the @entity174 . The @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) is a minimally invasive device that has been demonstrated in previous studies to reduce @entity260 and @entity190 . This prospective, multi-center, observational study assessed clinical and functional outcomes with @entity2850 as treatment for @entity173 . @entity1 with a stable or unstable proximal femoral @entity174 of type AO 31.A1 or 31.A2 were enrolled in eight hospitals in Italy. The primary outcome of interest was the recovery of the pre- @entity174 functional status at 1-year follow-up; secondary outcomes of interest included blood transfusions, surgical time, complications, and mortality. A total of 273 @entity1 were enrolled. The ASA score was 3 or 4 in 72.5  % of @entity1 . The mean surgical time was 44.1  min; the mean post-surgery blood transfusions was 0.9 units. At 1  year, 48 @entity1 (17.6  %) died, 28 (10.2  %) were lost to follow-up, 4 @entity1 (1.5  %) were excluded, hence 193 @entity1 (70.3  %) were available for final evaluation. At the 1-year follow-up visit, 51.9  % of @entity1 recovered or improved their pre- @entity174 modified Harris Hip Score, 49.1  % of @entity1 improved or maintained their walking abilities, and 66.6  % of @entity1 residing at home pre-surgery maintained their domicile. The overall mortality rate was 17.6  %. Major complications included two @entity174 collapses, one excessive sliding of the cephalic screw leading to a partial @entity174 and one back-out of the diaphyseal screw. This study demonstrates that treatment of @entity173 with @entity2850 gives good outcomes and significant advantages such as low @entity190 , short surgical time, low risk of complications, and good functional recovery in the majority of the @entity1 .

title: Clinical and functional outcomes of the XXXX study: a multi-center prospective study in Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fracture collapse', 'fracture injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['PCCP', 'percutaneous compression plate']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures', 'hip fractures']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['PCCP']


abstract: In anesthetized @entity468 , static contraction of the hindlimb reflexly increases mean arterial pressure (MAP). This cardiovascular adjustment is reduced by the arterial baroreflex. Both of these reflex responses are mediated through activation of ventrolateral medullary (VLM) regions. We tested the hypothesis that the concentration of @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) increases in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (cVLM) during static hindlimb contractions in anesthetized @entity468 , and that barodenervation reduces this elevation in @entity367 levels. Static contractions of the triceps surae muscle of one hindlimb were evoked by electrical stimulation of the peripheral ends of cut L7 and S1 ventral roots. After the insertion of the microdialysis probes and a 3-h recovery period, a 2-min static contraction increased MAP by 47 +/- 7 mmHg. The concentration of @entity367 increased from 606 +/- 189 to 1042 +/- 228 nM. These results were repeatable in that @entity367 , as well as MAP, rose by a similar amount in two subsequent contractions. By contrast, in a subset of @entity468 paralyzed prior to the third contraction, neither MAP nor @entity367 were significantly increased over baseline levels during the third stimulation period. In a third group of @entity468 , hindlimb contraction increased MAP and @entity367 levels. However, the @entity367 release was attenuated in subsequent contractions after these @entity468 were barodenervated. During the same periods of stimulation, the denervation accentuated the rise in MAP. These data demonstrate that static contraction of the hindlimb increases the extracellular concentration of @entity367 in the cVLM. Further, our study implicates this neurotransmitter in the baroreflex mediated reduction of the pressor reflex response to static muscle contraction.

title: Static muscle contraction elicits a baroreflex-dependent increase in XXXX concentration in the ventrolateral medulla.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Clinicopathological and genetic features were assessed on 35 Japanese families affected by late-onset @entity14755 (transthyretin Met30-associated @entity14755 , @entity1941 TTR Met30) whose siblings were unrelated to endemic Japanese foci. In these @entity1 (50 years or older), the most common initial symptom was paraesthesias in the legs. Autonomic symptoms were generally mild and did not seriously affect daily activities. The male-to-female ratio was extremely high (10.7 : 1). A family history was evident in only 11 out of 35 families, and other @entity1 were apparently sporadic. The rate of penetrance was very low. Symptomatic siblings of familial cases showed a late age of onset, male preponderance and clinical features similar to those of the probands. Asymptomatic carriers, predominantly female, were detected relatively late in life. The geographical distribution of these late-onset, @entity1941 TTR Met30 cases was scattered throughout Japan. In three autopsy cases and 20 sural nerve biopsy specimens, neurons in sympathetic and sensory ganglia were relatively preserved. @entity527 was seen in the peripheral nervous system, particularly in the sympathetic ganglia, dorsal root ganglia and proximal nerve trunks such as sciatic nerve. These abnormalities were milder than those seen in typical early-onset @entity1941 TTR Met30, as observed in two Japanese endemic foci of this disease. While @entity528 was prominent in myelinated fibres, resulting in severe fibre loss, unmyelinated fibres were relatively preserved. Our cases of late-onset @entity1941 TTR Met30 showed features distinct from those of typical early-onset @entity1941 TTR Met30 that occurred in the two Japanese endemic foci. Factors responsible for clinicopathological differences between these two forms of @entity1941 TTR Met30 need to be identified.

title: Late-onset XXXX (transthyretin Met30-associated @entity14755 ) unrelated to endemic focus in Japan. Clinicopathological and genetic features.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy', 'familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity14755 :: (MESH:D028227,Disease) :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I']


abstract: Between April 1988 and December 1990, 37 @entity1 with progressive histologically proven metastatic @entity320 were treated with @entity1199 according to three multicentric successive protocols. Eighteen males and 19 females entered the trial. Mean age was 44 years (range 20-66); none of the @entity1 had severe @entity66 or brain @entity3 . Superficial and visceral metastatic sites were equally distributed. @entity1199 was administered as a 3 to 5 day continuous intravenous infusion, at a dose varying from 16 to 24 million international units/m2/day, as previously described by West. The second course was given after a 9 to 16 day free interval and one to seven courses were administered (mean three courses). A total of 132 courses has been given to the 37 @entity1 . All are evaluable for @entity137 and efficacy. @entity137 was tolerable and not different from that presented in recent reports. Only four @entity1 had to definitively stop therapy for @entity137 , one of them for @entity1370 ; a dose modification or a transient suspension of therapy occurred in 18% of treatment cycles. One @entity1375 with anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsome antibodies was observed. We observed eight major responses (21.6%), usually of short duration (2-6 months). Most responses occurred in superficial lesions. One @entity1 remains in complete remission, as therapy is stopped for 40 months. Immunological parameters, although demonstrating induced immunostimulation, did not correlate with clinical outcome. With an overall response rate of 21.6%, we confirm the activity of @entity1199 in @entity320 , as previously reported by others.

title: [Treatment of metastatic @entity320 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['visceral disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-2']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity10315 (ZNS) is a useful antiepileptic drug with a broad therapeutic spectrum. However, there is limited information on the long-term use of ZNS as a monotherapy. This study investigated the long-term effects of ZNS as a monotherapy for the treatment of @entity302 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of @entity302 @entity1 treated with ZNS monotherapy at our clinic. We identified outcomes for @entity1 treated with ZNS monotherapy for a minimum of 6 months. Efficacy was quantified as the percentage change in @entity410 frequency, and safety was assessed by the frequency and types of adverse events. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 who received ZNS for a minimum of 6 months were included. The mean duration of treatment was 19.8 months (range, 6-37 months), and the mean ZNS dosage was 255 mg/day (range, 100-500 mg/day). Twenty-seven @entity1 (45%) were @entity410 -free, and an additional 20 @entity1 (33%) had above 50% @entity410 frequency reduction at the last follow-up visit. Partial @entity410 with or without secondary generalization and generalized @entity410 were well controlled by ZNS, whereas complex partial @entity410 were not. Forty-eight @entity1 (80%) reported mild-to-moderate adverse events, including @entity2414 (35%), @entity71 (27%), and @entity353 (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term ZNS monotherapy is effective at treating a broad spectrum of @entity410 disorders, except complex partial @entity410 . However, a specific adverse event, such as @entity73 , is common and long-lasting.

title: Long-term efficacy and safety of @entity10315 monotherapy in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity10315 :: ('MESH:C022189', 'Chemical') :: ['Zonisamide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: CONTEXT: The effective treatment of @entity1489 is warranted for targeting the chemotherapeutic agents into @entity5 cells and avoiding unwanted systemic absorption. OBJECTIVE: This work was dedicated to the purpose of engineering highly penetrating shell-enriched nanoparticles, which were loaded with a hydrophilic chemotherapeutic agent, @entity1487 . METHODS: Varying ratios of lecithin and @entity12185 were used to produce shell enriched nanoparticles by enabling the formation of reversed micelles within this region of the SLN. The localization of @entity1487 within the shell region of the SLN, was confirmed using @entity1487 nanogold particles as a tracer. SLN were introduced within @entity1372 carboxy @entity7522 hydrogel, and then applied onto the skin of @entity19 bearing Ehrlich Ascetic @entity189 . The @entity19 were treated with the gel twice daily for six weeks. RESULTS: The transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed the formation of uniform nanoparticles, which captured reversed micelles within their shell region. The SLNs' had particle size that ranged from 137    5.5   nm to 800    53.6, zeta potential of -19.70    0.40   mV and entrapment efficiency of 47.92    2.34%. The diffusion of the drug-loaded SLN (269.37    10.92   g/cm(2)) was doubled when compared with the free drug (122    3.09   g/cm(2)) when both diffused through a hydrophobic membrane. SLN treated @entity19 exhibited reduced inflammatory reactions, with reduced degrees of @entity9284 , in addition to reduced symptoms of angiogenesis compared to @entity1487 treated @entity19 . CONCLUSION: SLN possesses the capacity to be manipulated to entrap and release hydrophilic antitumor drugs with ease.

title: @entity1487 Shell-enriched Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) for Effective XXXX Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['keratosis']

entities_list: @entity7522 :: ('MESH:D008747', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcellulose']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Skin Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic factors, as well as the menstrual and reproductive outcomes, of @entity43 following a fertility-preserving treatment. METHODS: A total of 145 @entity1 with @entity43 who had undergone fertility-preserving management in the past 20 years were analyzed retrospectively. The correlative factors for survival, recurrence, and reproductive status were evaluated. The median follow-up time was 9.5 years. Thirty-five cases suffered from @entity5000 , 31 cases from @entity2970 , 63 cases from @entity44 , two cases from @entity189 , 13 cases from @entity2971 , and one case had @entity5 . The overall five-year survival rate was 90.3%, whereas the ten-year survival rate was 89.2%. The five-year survival rates for the different stages were as follows: Stage I, 98.1%; Stage II, 5/5; Stage III, 73.3%; and recurrence, 64.1%. The five-year survival rates were 100% for @entity5000 , 84.1% for endodermal sinuse @entity5 , 92.0% for @entity44 , one of two cases for @entity189 , 76.9% for mixed @entity2971 , and one case of @entity5 . RESULTS: Thirty-five babies were delivered, whereas seven induced abortions were performed during the follow-up. The important prognostic factors included the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and standard chemotherapy. No statistical significance in the five-year survival rates was determined among the different histological types, surgery types, chemotherapy courses, and chemotherapy regimen. Fertility-preserving treatment should be considered for @entity43 without the limitation of the FIGO stage. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy does not influence the menses, pregnancy, or offspring. Recurrent cases could obtain a good prognosis after the proper treatment.

title: Treatment of XXXX and preservation of fertility.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian germ cell tumors', 'malignant ovarian germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immature teratoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors', 'mixed germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant struma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['endodermal sinus tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['malignant ovarian germ cell tumors']


abstract: The recommendation to test every @entity1 for @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has a defined cost. The management of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 will use additional health resources. This examines the cost and resource utilization of a consecutive group of @entity1 diagnosed over a 1-year period. The cost of testing a @entity1 for @entity6 is around  10.00 with slight variations depending on the testing procedure. The annual cost of testing in NSW would be less than 1 million dollars. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 used the resources of a @entity6 education centre for an average of 2.8 hours and attended for 3.4 (2.3) medical visits. Insulin was required by 18.7% of the @entity1 for 9.7 (4.7) weeks using 47.7 (21.2) units each day. Testing @entity1 for @entity6 is a low-cost item. Managing a @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 may cost several hundred dollars. Cost reductions could be made by reducing the amount of insulin used and by avoiding hospitalization.

title: XXXX ; resource utilization and costs of diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'GDM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed that treatment outcome is an important indicator of @entity378 control. This study investigated the outcome of @entity378 treatment at a medical center in eastern Taiwan. METHODS: A total of 166 @entity1907 @entity1 notified by Tzu Chi Hospital in 2002 were included in this study. Treatment outcome data were collected at the local level and categorized according to WHO recommendations as cured, treatment completed, failed, died, defaulted, or transferred. Outcomes of the 166 @entity1 , as reported by the National @entity378 Program were obtained from the Taiwan Center for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) for comparison. RESULTS: Of the 166 @entity1 , outcome was classified as cured in 46 (27.7%), treatment completed in 73 (44.0%), died in 27 (16.3%), treatment failed in five (3.0%), and defaulted in 15 (9.0%). Males were more likely to die or to default than females, and the elderly were more likely to die than younger @entity1 . @entity1 with comorbidities were significantly more likely to die than @entity1 without (p = 0.025). @entity1 with a history of @entity378 were more likely to default (p = 0.050). Smear-positive @entity1 were more likely to fail, and @entity1 without cavitation on chest radiograph were more likely to have successful treatment. Outcomes of 26 (15.7%) cases in this cohort were unavailable (18 cases) or inaccurate (8 cases) on the Taiwan CDC website. CONCLUSION: The unsatisfactory outcome of @entity1907 treatment in this medical center in eastern Taiwan highlights the importance of implementing directly observed treatment short course strategy. Improvement in the quality of data reported by the National @entity378 Program is urgently needed.

title: Treatment outcome of XXXX in eastern Taiwan - experience at a medical center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The activation of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs), including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, contributes to @entity149 in various @entity16 . In @entity2662 -associated @entity602 /tropical @entity3500 ( @entity3498 / @entity3499 ), MPs are reservoirs of @entity2662 , and induce proinflammatory cytokines and excess T cell responses. The virus-infected or activated MPs may play a role in immuneregulation and disease progression in @entity1 with @entity2662 -associated @entity16 . RESULTS: Phenotypic analysis of @entity5750    monocytes in @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 demonstrated high expression of @entity9173 and HLA-DR in CD14lowCD16    monocytes, compared to healthy normal donors (NDs) and asymptomatic carriers (ACs), and the production of @entity310 and @entity1356 in cultured @entity5750    cells of @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 . @entity5750    cells of @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 also showed acceleration of @entity2662 Tax expression in CD4    T cells. @entity1214 , an inhibitor of activated MPs, decreased @entity310 expression in @entity5750    cells and @entity1356 release in PBMCs of @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 . @entity1214 significantly inhibited spontaneous lymphoproliferation and degranulation/ @entity379 expression in CD8    T cells of @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 . Treatment of @entity1214 also inhibited @entity379 expression in CD8    T cells of @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 after Tax11-19 stimulation and downregulated MHC class I expression in @entity5750    cells. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that @entity1214 directly inhibits the activated MPs and that the downregulation of MP function can modulate CD8    T cells function in @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 . It is suggested that activated MPs may be a therapeutic target for clinical intervention in @entity3498 / @entity3499 .

title: XXXX modulates antigen-specific CTL activity through inactivation of mononuclear phagocytes in @entity1 with @entity2662 associated @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline', 'Minocycline']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system inflammation']

answer: @entity1214 :: (MESH:D008911,Chemical) :: ['Minocycline']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3925 , a new oral anticoagulant, is currently licensed for use in @entity1 undergoing orthopedic surgery. It is more efficacious than other anticoagulants such as low molecular weight heparin and does not require daily monitoring. It has also been shown to be efficacious in @entity1 with @entity1211 and @entity1187 . Although @entity548 is a known side effect of this new anticoagulant, we could find no case reports in the literature of @entity1 suffering severe @entity548 whilst taking @entity3925 . Thus, we describe the first case of potentially fatal @entity548 in a @entity1 taking @entity3925 . CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 58-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with acute-onset severe per @entity548 who had undergone total hip arthroplasty four weeks prior to the onset of symptoms and was taking @entity3925 in the postoperative period. @entity3925 was discontinued immediately but, having required nine units of packed red blood cells in a peripheral hospital due to a rapidly decreasing hemoglobin level, our @entity1 was transferred to our tertiary referral center where he required a further eight units of packed red blood cells over a 48-hour period to manage his ongoing @entity548 and maintain hemodynamic stability. No source of @entity548 was found on computed tomography angiography and our @entity1 's condition improved over the following 48   hours with cessation of the @entity548 . Our @entity1 was discharged home well several days later. A follow-up colonoscopy one week after his discharge was normal. CONCLUSION: Although advantageous with regard to its oral availability and ongoing use without the need for daily monitoring, @entity3925 does not come without rare but severe side effects. When severe per @entity548 occurs in a @entity1 taking @entity3925 , discontinuation of the offending agent and aggressive hematological replacement are the mainstays of treatment, especially when no source of @entity548 can be found. This case, as the first to describe severe @entity548 and @entity3925 , serves as a reminder to those prescribing the medicine that they must inform the @entity1 of the risk of such a serious side effect and the need for urgent medical attention if it occurs.

title: Acute-onset severe gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in a postoperative XXXX taking @entity3925 after total hip arthroplasty: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivaroxaban', 'rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monocyte subsets with low @entity5750 expression that coexpress @entity4071 ( @entity42829 ) are called non-classic or hyperinflammatory monocytes. Previous studies have reported an increase in the percentage of @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity7278 ( @entity7278 ). To our knowledge, there are no reports demonstrating the presence of @entity5750 (MDMs) in the gingival tissue. The objective of this study is to identify the proportion of non-classic ( @entity42829 ) monocytes/macrophages in peripheral blood and gingiva of healthy individuals and @entity1 with @entity7278 . METHODS: A total of 60 individuals (n = 30 per group) were recruited for the study. Group 1 included 30 individuals with healthy gingiva, and group 2 included 30 @entity1 with @entity7278 . Direct immunofluorescent staining was done in 200  L whole-blood and single-cell suspensions obtained from gingival tissue, with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies against @entity5750 , @entity4071 , and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and subjected to flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The mean percentage of @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals was 9.10%    1.39%, and for @entity1 with @entity7278 it was 14.18%    2.69% (P <0.05). The mean percentage of @entity5750 + @entity4071 + MDMs in the gingival tissue of healthy individuals was found to be 0.93%    0.33%, whereas in @entity1 with @entity7278 , it was 1.92%    0.78% (P <0.01). Non-classic monocytes/macrophages showed a high median fluorescent intensity for HLA-DR (DR++). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates an increased proportion of @entity5750 + @entity4071 +HLA-DR++ monocytes/macrophages in the peripheral blood and gingiva of @entity1 with @entity7278 .

title: Comparison of the proportion of non-classic ( XXXX ) monocytes/macrophages in peripheral blood and gingiva of healthy individuals and @entity1 with @entity7278 .

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity5750 :: ('929', 'Gene') :: ['CD14+CD16+ monocyte-derived macrophages', 'CD14']

answer: @entity42829 :: (2214;929,Gene) :: ['CD14+CD16+']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the factors that influenced the initial success rate and complication rate of percutaneous computerized tomography guided cryoablation of @entity1358 of clinical stage T1N0M0. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 21 @entity1 with a mean age of 71.5 years and a pathological diagnosis of @entity1358 were treated with percutaneous computerized tomography guided cryoablation under conscious sedation on an outpatient basis. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data, @entity5 characteristics, techniques and results. @entity5 with complete loss of contrast enhancement were considered successfully treated. RESULTS: A total of 21 @entity1 with 23 @entity5 underwent 25 cryoablation sessions. The mean intraoperative computerized tomography scan @entity5 size was 2.1 cm (range 0.5 to 4.3) and the mean ice ball size was 4.1 cm (range 2.2 to 7.2). Of the @entity1 82.6% (19 of 23) had a single treatment. @entity1 were followed with postoperative scans of 4.6 to 18.3 months (mean 12.3). There were 2 recurrences. The rate of successful complete @entity5 ablation was influenced by various factors. @entity5 location and size were the major determinants for achieving @entity5 eradication. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous renal cryoablation using computerized tomography imaging proved to be a successful technique for guiding probe placement and monitoring ice ball formation. @entity1 selection based on @entity5 size and location may aid in improved outcomes. Further study and followup are necessary to determine long-term oncological efficacy.

title: Percutaneous computerized tomography guided cryoablation for XXXX : factors influencing success.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study cortical activity in different motor tasks, we compared event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related potentials (ERPs) in different @entity137 ( @entity137 ) paradigms with the time course of corticospinal excitability. METHODS: Nine right-handed, normal subjects performed right or left thumb extensions in simple, choice and go/no go auditory @entity137 paradigms. Eight subjects had participated in a previous study evaluating changes in corticospinal excitability during the same paradigms. Twenty-nine EEG channels with electrooculogram and bilateral EMG monitoring were collected. ERPs and ERD of 10 and 18-22 Hz bands were obtained with respect to tone administration and EMG onset. RESULTS: Trials with movement showed lateralized ERP components, corresponding to the @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ), both in the averages on the tone and on EMG. The @entity1957 corresponded well in time and location to the rise in corticospinal excitability on the moving side observed in the previous study. Sensorimotor ERD, followed by event-related synchronization (ERS), was present for trials with movements and for the no go. ERD was present contralaterally during movement preparation and in no go trials, while it was bilateral during motor execution. No go ERD was followed more rapidly by ERS than in trials with movement. This finding suggests that in no go trials, there is a brief active process in the sensorimotor areas. ERD and ERS do not correspond, respectively, in time and location to increases and decreases in corticospinal excitability. In fact, ERD is bilateral during movement execution, when corticospinal inhibition of the side at rest is observed. Contralateral no go ERS occurs later than corticospinal inhibition, which is bilateral. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may suggest that ERD is compatible with both corticospinal activation and inhibition, ERS indicating the removal of either, resulting in cortical idling.

title: Event-related desynchronization in XXXX paradigms: a comparison with event-related potentials and corticospinal excitability.

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['MP', 'motor potential']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'reaction time']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['reaction time']


abstract: Studies defining role of systemic @entity230 in routine management of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) are too few and inconclusive. The present study was carried out to define the role of add-on @entity617 in the management of @entity1600 . @entity1 of @entity1600 were randomized into two groups. Group I @entity1 received DOTS Category I treatment along with @entity617 1mg/kg for first 4 weeks and then tapered down. Group II @entity1 received DOTS Category I treatment along with placebo. @entity1 were kept under close follow up for 6 months. Response to therapy and adverse drug reactions, if any, were recorded. A total of 120 @entity1 completed the study protocol. The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, smoking, @entity988 , and clinical profile (p>0.5). At 2 months, 54 out of 60 @entity1 in Group I showed symptom relief when compared with 44 out of 60 @entity1 in Group II (p<0.001). Abscess, sinus, and/or appearance of new lymph node/s were noted in 3 and 13 @entity1 in Group I and Group II, respectively (p<0.001). Complete resolution was seen in 57 @entity1 in Group I when compared with only 40 @entity1 of Group II and sequel in form of residual LN was noted in three @entity1 of Group I when compared with 20 in Group II (p<0.001). Gastrointestinal side effects were reported by higher number of @entity1 in Group I but @entity1910 and joint @entity158 were fewer when compared with Group II (p>0.05). All the adverse reactions were transient and amenable to symptomatic treatment.

title: Add-on @entity617 in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lymph node tuberculosis', 'CLNTB']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['cervical lymph node tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Arterial bifurcations are susceptible locations for formation of @entity731 . In the present study, steady blood flow is investigated in a bifurcation model with a non-planar branch. METHODS: The influence of different bifurcation angles and non-planar branch is demonstrated on @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) distribution using three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. RESULTS: The @entity1642 values are low in two locations at the top and bottom walls of the mother vessels just before the bifurcation, especially for higher bifurcation angles. These regions approach the apex of bifurcation with decreasing the bifurcation angle. The @entity1642 magnitudes approach near to zero at the outer side of bifurcation plane and these locations are separation-prone. By increasing the bifurcation angle, the minimum @entity1642 decreases at the outer side of bifurcation plane but low @entity1642 region squeezes. @entity1642 peaks exist on the inner side of bifurcation plane near the entry section of daughter vessels and these initial peaks drop as bifurcation angle is increased. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the non-planarity of the daughter vessel lowers the minimum @entity1642 at the outer side of bifurcation and increases the maximum @entity1642 at the inner side. So it seems that the formation of @entity731 at bifurcation region in direction of non-planar daughter vessel is more risky.

title: Possibility of XXXX in an arterial bifurcation model.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate whether the therapeutic effects of an anti-inflammatory drug such as @entity1214 could be monitored by serial ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of @entity1933 (USPIO)-enhanced MRI in experimental @entity64 . METHODS: @entity19 received a three-dose @entity1214 treatment (n   =   12) or vehicle (n   =   12) after permanent @entity2500 . USPIOs were administered 5 h post-surgery. MRI was performed before, 24 h and 48 h post-USPIO administration. MRI endpoints were the extent of signal abnormalities on R2 maps (=1/T2) and quantitative R2 changes over time (   R2). Post-mortem brains were prepared either for immunohistology (n   =   16) or for @entity68 dosage (n   =   8). RESULTS: As expected, treatment with @entity1214 significantly reduced @entity1188 size, blood-brain barrier permeability and @entity11496 immunostaining for microglia/macrophages. Areas of R2 maps   >   35 ms(-1) also appeared significantly decreased in @entity1214 -treated @entity19 (ANOVA for repeated measures, P   =   0.017). There was a fair correlation between these areas and the amount of @entity68 in the brain (R(2)   =   0.69, P   =   0.010), but no significant difference in    R2 was found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the extent of signal abnormalities on R2 maps can be used as a surrogate marker to detect @entity1214 effects in a @entity19 experimental model of @entity64 .

title: Monitoring therapeutic effects in experimental XXXX by serial USPIO-enhanced MRI.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Computerized tomography is frequently employed in the critically ill, often using intravenous radiocontrast material. Many of these @entity1 have clinical features that are considered risk factors for contrast induced @entity8 , but are simultaneously at risk for @entity8 from other factors related to their acute illnesses. The attributable risk for @entity8 from radiocontrast exposure has not been well quantified in this population. METHODS: A prospective matched cohort study was conducted of @entity1 scanned with or without radiocontrast enhancement while receiving intensive care in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. @entity1 were matched for pre-scan measured @entity1011 clearance, @entity6 , mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor use. Measured clearance was followed for three days after scanning. Evolution of @entity8 , as determined by change in measured clearance, was compared within matched pairs. RESULTS: Fifty-three pairs of @entity1 satisfied matching criteria. Unmatched characteristics were similar among the pairs, including serum @entity1011 variability during the week preceding scanning (67    85% among contrast recipients, 63    62% among others) and clinical risk factors for @entity177 . In 29 pairs, pre-scan measured clearances were less than 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2. Following scanning, measured clearance declined by at least 33% in 14 contrast and 19 non-contrast @entity1 (95% confidence interval for contrast associated difference in @entity8 rates -27% to 9%), while a 50% reduction in clearance persisted three days after scanning in three contrast and nine non-contrast @entity1 (95% confidence interval for difference in rates -25% to 2%). CONCLUSIONS: Among established intensive care unit @entity1 declines in glomerular filtration following contrast-enhanced scanning are common, but these changes are far more likely to be attributable to factors other than the contrast exposure itself. The upper bound for the incidence of contrast induced @entity8 lasting even three days was 2% in the population studied.

title: Risk of contrast induced XXXX in the critically ill: a prospective, case matched study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal dysfunction', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: @entity5 lesions of the pancreas are relatively uncommon. Advances in imaging and pathohistology, including immunohistochemistry, have led to the detection and classification of novel @entity5 entities. A promoting aspect is the extended indication profile in pancreatic surgery, in particular, because of lower perioperative morbidity and mortality. One of these classified @entity5 of the pancreas is @entity652 ( @entity652 ), a rare and @entity5 . We report on a 41-year-old @entity1 with a @entity5409 within the pancreatic head. Therefore, he underwent pylorus-preserving cephal duodenopancreatectomy. Pathohistologic investigation revealed a @entity652 . He had a medical history significant for subtotal colectomy because of a @entity694 . Both @entity5 tissue specimens had been characterized for a high level of @entity124 ( @entity124 ) and loss of @entity6756 , as well as for a corresponding germ line mutation in @entity6756 gene, leading to the diagnosis of @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ). The case is remarkable since the @entity652 revealed @entity124 and loss of @entity6756 protein in the @entity5 cells that has never been reported for this @entity5 type. In addition, there is a rare and extraordinary association between @entity652 and @entity4309 , which has never been published before, since @entity652 , in this case, could have been developed in the setting of @entity4309 .

title: XXXX ( @entity652 ) of the pancreas--first reported case of a genetically fixed association in a @entity1 with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer ( @entity4309 ).

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC syndrome', 'hereditary non-polyposis associated colon cancer', 'HNPCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic neoplasms', 'benign tumor lesion', 'Cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['SOIA', 'serous oligocystic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous double colonic carcinoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Serous oligocystic adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity167 use typically begins during adolescence. Little is known regarding the antecedents and impact of this early @entity167 use, although age-related changes in the neural systems modulating @entity167 sensitivity could contribute to the propensity of adolescents to consume @entity167 . We have previously observed a marked ontogenetic decline in acute tolerance to @entity1068 ( @entity167 ), with preweanling pups exhibiting the most acute tolerance (Silveri and Spear, 1998). The objective of this study was to assess whether rapid tolerance shows a similar ontogenetic profile. METHODS: In Experiment I of the present study, female and male Sprague-Dawley preweanling @entity35 at postnatal day (P) 16 or young adults at P56 were examined. On Day 1, preweanlings were pretreated with saline, 1.5, 3.5, or 5.0 g/kg @entity167 and adults were pretreated with saline or 3.5 g/kg @entity167 . This was followed by challenge with 3.5 g/kg @entity167 and assessment of @entity1068 -induced sleep time on Day 2. In Experiment II, adolescents at @entity5056 were pretreated with saline, 3.5, or 5.0 g/kg @entity167 on Day 1 before Day 2 assessment of sleep time after 3.5 g/kg @entity167 . Upon awakening, animals were killed and whole brains removed and analyzed for brain @entity167 levels (BrALs). RESULTS: Rapid tolerance was observed in @entity5056 and P56 animals, with @entity167 -pretreated animals exhibiting significantly shorter sleep times than age-matched animals treated with saline. In contrast, no evidence for rapid tolerance was seen after any pretreatment dose at @entity11754 . Interestingly, although @entity167 -pretreated adults woke at higher BrALs than saline-treated adults, this pattern was not evident in the adolescents, which suggests that at this age, metabolic tolerance may play a prominent role in the expression of rapid tolerance. Thus, it seems as though the ability to develop rapid tolerance to @entity167 hypnosis emerges during adolescence and continues into adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Together with previous findings that adolescent animals also display substantial acute tolerance to @entity167 (Silveri and Spear, 1998), the propensity of adolescents for developing these two forms of tolerance may have important implications for the increased voluntary consumption of @entity167 at this age relative to other ages.

title: Ontogeny of rapid tolerance to the hypnotic effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'EtOH', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 infection is associated with low-grade @entity6595 , and available data support that the eradication of the @entity1534 can cause histological regression of the @entity706 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 with low-grade @entity6595 were treated with @entity115 , @entity868 , and @entity4546 for 14 days in a prospective study. @entity1 were followed up with sequential endoscopy, mapping gastric biopsies, and molecular studies with PCR amplification of the @entity7513 gene in order to assess the response to @entity1534 eradication and the evolution of the histological molecular responses. RESULTS: @entity1534 was eradicated in all @entity1 and reinfections were not demonstrated. After @entity1534 eradication treatment, the @entity706 regressed both endoscopically and histologically in eight of the nine @entity1 (88.8%). In four of the eight histologically cured @entity1 , no clonal band was detected by PCR; in the remaining four @entity1 ; PCR identified a clonal band, which disappeared in all @entity1 after a mean of 12 +/- 4 months. No clonal band was detected by the PCR analysis in any of the eight @entity1 with histological regression after a median of 7 +/- 6 months (range 1-20). The seven followed-up @entity1 have a persistent clinical and histological remission after a median of 14 +/- 5 months. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Low-grade @entity6595 can be histologically cured with eradication therapy for @entity1534 . (2) After histological regression, PCR amplification of the @entity7513 gene can identify an eventually persisting clonal population. (3) Sequential histological and molecular studies are essential for the assessment of the evolution of the @entity706 . (4) The clonal population tends to disappear, but its disappearance may be delayed for months. (5) @entity1 with histological regression but with a persistent clonal band should not be treated unless the @entity706 can be histologically demonstrated. All these observations suggest that @entity6595 can be effectively cured, but the ultimate fate of these @entity1 is unknown until long-term follow-up studies are available.

title: XXXX eradication for the treatment of low-grade @entity6595 : follow-up together with sequential molecular studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma', 'gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: Muddy and/or musty off-flavors in farmed-raised catfish occur as a result of the absorption of geosmin (GEO) and @entity38804 ( @entity5931 ), compounds produced by algae. Previous research suggests the acid pH-shift method may be able to reduce off-flavors to produce a consumer acceptable product. The objective of this research was to evaluate application of the acid pH-shift method using a shaker sieve for protein recovery and to evaluate consumer acceptability of a resultant batter-coated fried nugget-like catfish product. Farm-raised catfish were either allowed to depurate (control) or treated with 1 ppb GEO or @entity5931 . Fillets from each replicate were collected and ground and treated by the acid pH-shift process. Samples from all treatments and replicates were evaluated for residual GEO and @entity5931 . In addition, batter-coated fried catfish samples were prepared for a consumer sensory evaluation. Results demonstrated that the pH-shift process decreased moisture, ash, and collagen content of catfish fillet tissue (P < 0.05). Flavor of control samples was preferred (P < 0.05). Texture of catfish samples treated by the pH-shift process was preferred (P < 0.05). Results demonstrate the pH-shift process can be utilized to reduce off-flavors and increase the acceptability of a processed catfish product. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Use of a sieve as an economic alternative for the pH-shift process was evaluated for removing off-flavors from catfish. Difficulties were encountered with regard to protein recovery using the sieve and suggestions are made to, perhaps, make the process more applicable for a sieve-based recovery step. The process as described reduced off-flavors, but only 2-fold suggesting the process would work best on catfish near or just over off-flavor thresholds. Results also indicated the pH-shift process could be used to improve texture of a fried catfish product designed to be similar to @entity1573 nuggets.

title: Evaluation of a modified pH-shift process to reduce XXXX and geosmin in spiked catfish and produce a consumer acceptable fried catfish nugget-like product.

entities_list: @entity38804 :: ('MESH:C005536', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methylisoborneol']

answer: @entity38804 :: (MESH:C005536,Chemical) :: ['2-methylisoborneol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7551 ( @entity7551 ) has increasingly been a common clinical complication particularly in thyroid surgery. We conducted a trial to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological [smaller-sized endotracheal tube (ETT)] combined with pharmacological intervention [ @entity3303 intravenous (i.v.)] on @entity7551 in @entity1 undergoing thyroid surgery. METHODS: Two hundred and forty @entity1 scheduled for thyroid surgery were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, ETT size 7.0 with saline; Group B, ETT size 6.0 with saline; Group C, ETT size 7.0 with @entity3303 ; Group D, ETT size 6.0 with @entity3303 . @entity1 in Groups C and D received i.v. 1.5 mg/kg @entity3303 that was filled in syringe up to 10 ml 5 min before induction of anaesthesia; whereas @entity1 in Groups A and B received an equal volume of saline. The incidence and severity of @entity7551 were evaluated at 1, 6 and 24 h after tracheal extubation. RESULTS: The highest incidence of @entity7551 occurred at 6 h after extubation in all groups. The incidence of @entity7551 was significantly lower in Group D compared with Groups A (23% vs. 62%, P < 0.01), B (23% vs. 42%, P = 0.03) and C (23% vs. 43%, P = 0.02) at 6 h after extubation. Group D had significantly decreased severity of @entity7551 compared with Groups A, B and C 6 and 24 h after extubation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Use of smaller-sized ETT combined with i.v. @entity3303 decreases the incidence and severity of @entity7551 in @entity1 undergoing thyroid surgery.

title: A smaller endotracheal tube combined with intravenous XXXX decreases post-operative sore throat - a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['POST', 'Post-operative sore throat']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Being a parent is an important part of one's identity and role. Previous research outlines many challenges associated with parenting by @entity1 with severe @entity1032 . However, there is a limited research describing parenting experiences of mothers and fathers who have @entity716 . METHOD: The second Australian national survey of @entity716 recruited 1825 @entity1 living with symptoms of, or a diagnosis of, @entity716 . The survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews and included key clinical and demographic information, as well as parenting specific information. RESULTS: Over half of all @entity1 and a quarter of @entity1 were parents. Almost a quarter of @entity1 but only 5.5% of the @entity1 had dependent @entity1 (own and/or stepchildren) living at home with them. Of parents with dependent @entity1 , the most common diagnosis was @entity161 (48.2% fathers, 28.9% mothers), and there were high rates of comorbidity with @entity734 /dependence ( @entity167 : fathers 69.2%, mothers 44.3%; cannabis: fathers 69.22%, mothers 47.8%). A substantial proportion of parents with dependent @entity1 experienced challenges including low educational attainment, unemployment, poverty, and social isolation. Although many parents living with dependent @entity1 functioned in the average range, a significant proportion was moderately to severely disabled on global independent functioning ratings (fathers 49.1%, mothers 35.7%) and some were identified as having obvious/severe impairments in their ability to care for their @entity1 ( @entity916 ) (fathers 28.3%, mothers 21.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Most parents living with @entity716 function well. However, a significant proportion has impairments in parenting and general functioning that could have adverse consequences for both the parent and @entity1 . This study brings into focus the need for interventions to optimise successful parenting outcomes.

title: The experiences of Australian parents with XXXX : the second Australian National Survey of @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'children', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: In @entity31 , as in many other diseases with a suspected autoimmune etiology or pathogenesis, an association with certain HLA class II specificities has been investigated. In the Japanese, several studies have shown a positive association with DR2, but in Caucasian populations the results are conflicting. Therefore we undertook a study of HLA class II gene association with @entity31 in a large group of white Madrid @entity1 and ethnically matched controls, using molecular biology techniques to investigate whether any allelic subspecificity within the HLA-DR2 group is associated with susceptibility to or protection against @entity31 . @entity1 with @entity31 (n = 107) and 200 controls were typed using molecular, DNA-based techniques for @entity1533 , @entity8167 and @entity3098 alleles. Those HLA-DR2+ were then specifically typed for the individual alleles within the HLA-DR2 group. We observed a positive association with HLA-DR15 (P=0.021) and its subtype DRB1*1501 (P=0.018). @entity1533 *1502 was also increased, although its frequency both in @entity1 and controls was very low. When the HLA-DR2+ population was studied, @entity1533 *1601 was significantly decreased in @entity1 (P=0.026). Both HLA-DR3 (P=0.002) and @entity3098 *02 (P=0.001) were also negatively associated with the disease, the latter especially with pancolitis. Therefore, HLA class II association with @entity31 is complex, and separate alleles confer either susceptibility or resistance. Conflicting results with HLA-DR2 appear to be due to the presence in this group of both positively associated ( @entity1533 *1501 and DRB1*1502) and negatively associated ( @entity1533 *1601) subspecificities. Moreover, HLA-DR3 and @entity3098 *02 are associated negatively.

title: Positive and negative associations of distinct HLA-DR2 subtypes with XXXX ( @entity31 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 @entity1 who develop refractoriness are left with no alternatives other than @entity6963 and costly biological response modifiers. @entity6963 , though effective, was associated with adverse events and has not been extensively studied in the Indian population. AIMS: Determination of safety and efficacy of @entity6963 alone and if not useful, in combination with @entity1499 in @entity1 refractory to conventional disease-modifying agents. SETTING AND DESIGN: Open labeled clinical trial with @entity6963 [100 mg, OD x 3 days followed by 20 mg, OD x 6 months], if no improvement at three months, combined with @entity1499 [5-7.5 mg, OD x 3 months] at a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary endpoint in the improvement in EULAR criteria and secondary endpoints were @entity1 and physician global evaluation, incidence of remission and biochemical and clinical adverse events. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi square test or Fisher's exact test and parametric and non-parametric repeat measure ANOVA were used for analysis. RESULTS: Among 84 @entity1 who were included in the study, @entity6963 showed improvement and remission in 52 [62%] and 6 [7%] in six months, by intention to treat analysis. Adverse events were observed in 15, discontinuation in 5 and 24 dropped out. With combination in 11 @entity1 , there was improvement and remission in nine [91%] and one [9%] after three months. Adverse events were observed in six and one discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: If regular monitoring of hepatic function and hematological parameters are performed, @entity6963 is an effective and safe drug in the Indian population in resistant @entity309 @entity1 , especially if used alone.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX alone and in combination with @entity1499 in the treatment of @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide', 'Leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['leflunomide']