abstract: BACKGROUND: INCA (Intelligent Control Assistant for @entity6 ) is a project funded by the EU with the objective to improve @entity6 therapy by creating a personal closed loop system interacting with telemedical remote control. Cost-benefit analyses of such systems are needed to decide on the introduction of telemedical systems such as the INCA system to routine care. OBJECTIVE: To identify and apply suitable methods for a cost-benefit analysis from the perspective of the payor for health services (i.e. a health insurance company). METHODS: For the cost analysis MOSAIK-M was used, a method and tool that supports health information systems analysis and design. Two MOSAIK-M models were created during the INCA project. Both, the "As is"-model of conventional insulin pump based @entity6 care, and the "To be"-model of the INCA system were parameterised with cost values. With both models a period of one year was simulated to determine the yearly costs of @entity6 management and treatment for a @entity1 who does not suffer from @entity2412 yet. The HbA1c-value was chosen as effectiveness parameter for @entity6 therapy. To determine the probability of developing complications and their probable duration the Archimedes-Model was used. It was parameterised with selected HbA1c-values anticipating the effect of INCA. The simulation results in form of years of disease within a 30-years time frame were multiplied with corresponding treatment costs from the KoDiM study. RESULTS: The yearly costs of conventional insulin pump treatment for a 19 year old @entity1723 @entity1 with no complications are 5,907 @entity7634 (German health care system). Using the INCA system would raise the yearly costs by 7,348 @entity7634 . Almost all (98.53%) of the additional costs are generated by the continuous blood @entity413 measurement device. HbA1c-decreases from 7% (conventional treatment) to 6.5%, 6%, and 5.8 % would produce yearly savings (benefit) concerning the treatment of complications of 100.50 @entity7634 , 189.20 @entity7634 and 221.82 @entity7634 . CONCLUSIONS: The selected approach produces an estimation of a lower bound for cost savings. Further work is needed to improve the approximation and to include indirect and intangible costs. The INCA approach would be cost efficient from the chosen perspective, only if the costs of system operation were notably lowered.

title: Simulation based cost-benefit analysis of a telemedical system for closed-loop insulin pump therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 1']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes related complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The metabolic effects of an @entity10123 on the liver and kidney were investigated. @entity35 were allowed free access to a 0.28 M @entity5819 ( @entity8777 ) solution for 7- and 8-day periods. Serum @entity1133 concentration was significantly increased after 8 days of @entity8777 ingestion. However the following hepatic @entity1133 cycle enzymes remained unchanged: CPS, OTC, ASS and ASL. The pattern of urinary @entity1133 excretion was variable. When the data for the 7-day period were pooled, there was no significant difference between the control and acidotic groups. However, when they were examined on a daily basis, @entity520 significantly decreased @entity1133 excretion on day 2. @entity1133 excretion then began to increase, reached the control value on day 4 and was significantly greater than the control value on day 7. Urinary @entity3104 excretion of the acidotic group was significantly increased on day 2 and continued to rise throughout the 7-day period. Renal @entity1391 -dependent glutaminase of the acidotic group was significantly increased on the eighth day. These data indicate that @entity8777 ingestion alters the pattern of @entity1133 excretion in a manner not previously demonstrated.

title: The effect of @entity5819 on hepatic and renal metabolism in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity10123 :: ('CHEBI:47704', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium salt']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity4710 frequently present to the Emergency Department. Where vagal manoeuvres fail, the two most commonly used drugs are @entity859 and @entity460 channel antagonists. Both are known to be effective but both have a significant side-effect profile. OBJECTIVES: To examine the relative effects of @entity859 and @entity460 channel antagonists and, if possible, to determine which is most appropriate for the management of @entity4710 . SEARCH METHODS: Studies were identified from The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2010, MEDLINE (1966 to May Week 1 2010) and EMBASE (1980 to 2010 week 19). The searches were originally run in June 2006 and updated and re-run in May 2010. Bibliographies of identified studies were also examined. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials comparing @entity859 and a @entity460 channel antagonist in @entity1 of any age with @entity4710 , where one of the defined outcomes was reported. Outcomes of interest were: reversion rate, mortality, time to reversion, rate of relapse, major and minor adverse events, length of hospital stay and @entity1 satisfaction. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently checked the results of searches to identify relevant studies. Dichotomous outcomes were reported as Peto Odds ratios and continuous outcomes as weighted mean differences. MAIN RESULTS: A total of ten trials were identified (two new trials were identified through the updated search in May 2010), all of which used @entity1855 as the @entity460 antagonist. In the pooled analysis there was no significant difference in reversion rate between the two drugs. Time to reversion was slower for @entity1855 than @entity859 in all studies that reported this outcome, but the data were not suitable for combining. Relapse rates were higher for @entity859 compared with @entity1855 (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.99. P=0.05). Minor adverse events such as @entity390 , @entity764 , @entity1353 and @entity10 were reported much more frequently in @entity1 treated with @entity859 with 10.8 % of @entity1 reporting at least one of these events, compared with 0.6% of those treated with @entity1855 (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.26, P<0.001). @entity551 was reported exclusively in the @entity1855 treatment group (4/214), and occurred in none of the @entity1 treated with @entity859 (OR 10.8, 95% CI 1.46 to 80.22, P=0.02). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: @entity859 and @entity1855 are both effective treatments for @entity4710 in the majority of @entity1 . There is a high incidence of minor but unpleasant side effects and a greater risk of relapse in @entity1 treated with @entity859 while some @entity1 treated with @entity1855 may develop significant @entity551 . @entity1 should be fully informed of these risks prior to treatment.

title: WITHDRAWN: @entity859 versus intravenous @entity460 channel antagonists for the treatment of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine', 'Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest tightness']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously reported that approximately one-fourth of @entity1 with @entity3008 ( @entity3008 ) may respond to therapy with bronchodilators. However, the validity of those observations has been questioned. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of reversible @entity1030 in @entity1 with @entity3008 and to identify associated clinical and physiologic parameters. METHODS: First, the clinical and physiologic characteristics of 235 @entity1 were analyzed to determine the frequency of the response to @entity3045 during a total of 2,307 visits. Second, we prospectively evaluated the response to @entity3045 (2.5 mg) and @entity13265 (500 mug) in 130 @entity1 , and correlated their responses with their clinical and physiologic characteristics. RESULTS: In the retrospective study, 51% of the @entity1 responded at least once to bronchodilators; of these, 12% responded >/= 50% of the time. A higher frequency of positive bronchodilator responses was associated with greater rates of decline in FEV(1) and diffusing capacity of the lung for @entity1223 (Dlco). In the prospective study, 39 @entity1 (30%) responded to bronchodilators, including 12 to @entity13265 , 9 to @entity3045 , and 18 to both. The prevalence of @entity565 and smoking in the 39 responders was not different from that seen in the 91 nonresponders. @entity1 who responded to @entity13265 , @entity3045 , or both had significantly (p < 0.02) lower FEV(1) and Dlco, and a greater rate of FEV(1) decline (p = 0.044) and Dlco decline (p = 0.039) than @entity1 who did not respond to these bronchodilators. After adjusting for FEV(1)/FVC ratio, Dlco decline also was greater in responders than in nonresponders (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3008 may have partially reversible @entity1030 . A positive response to bronchodilators is associated with an accelerated rate of decline in pulmonary function.

title: Reversible @entity1030 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis', 'LAM']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

answer: @entity3008 :: (MESH:D018192,Disease) :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical results of an interspinous stabilization system (Wallis) in treating @entity179 in the short-term. METHODS: From August 2007 to June 2010,48 @entity1 with @entity179 who were treated with interspinous stabilization system, the data of @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. In all of the 48 cases, there were 30 males and 18 females with an average age of 54.2 years (ranged, 40 to 68 years). Forty-four cases were with single segment and 4 cases with two segments. Of them, 4 cases were in L3, 4, 40 cases were in L4, 5, 4 cases were in L3, 4 and L4, 5. The radiographic data of @entity1 were analyzed. Clinical effects were evaluated by Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score system and low back @entity158 disability questionnaire (Oswestry) and Odom method. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up from 1 to 2 years with an average of 18 months. According to Odom's criteria, 20 cases obtained excellent results, 24 good, 4 fair. JOA score increased from 12.4 +/- 2.7 preoperatively to 26.1 +/- 2.0 postoperatively (P < 0.01). Oswestry score decreased from 14.1 +/- 2.9 preoperatively to 5.5 +/- 1.8 postoperatively (P < 0.01). The posterior height of intervertebral space and height of nerve root canal increased compared with that of preperative height. CONCLUSION: The treatment of @entity179 with interspinous stabilization system can obtain satisfactory effects in the near future. It can retain dynamic stable of corresponding segments, expand volume of vertebral canal, and is safe and feasible.

title: [Clinical analysis of an interspinous stabilization system (wallis) in treating XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative disease']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['lumbar degenerative disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7092 is a disorder of @entity2002 structure and is associated with a functional abnormality. Since @entity2002 is a key component of both the procoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways, defects in @entity2002 function can be associated with increased risk for both @entity548 and @entity715 . Management of @entity1 with @entity7092 and a @entity715 tendency usually involves long-term anticoagulation. CASE: A 36-year-old male with relapsed nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's was found to have a prolonged prothrombin time, low @entity2002 activity and a normal @entity2002 antigen during evaluation for a hematopoietic peripheral blood stem cell transplant. His past medical history was significant for an acute @entity583 and two episodes of acute @entity788 . His father had @entity7092 complicated by multiple @entity715 episodes. A trans-esophageal echocardiogram revealed two thrombi, one each in the superior vena cava and the descending aorta. He was treated with enoxaparin and received peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. An effort was made to maintain his @entity2002 activity levels at 200 mg/dL using cryoprecipitate. A month following the transplant he developed a new @entity715 in the right internal jugular vein, while on enoxaparin and he was started on argatroban and cryoprecipitate followed by fondaparinux. A repeat echocardiogram six weeks later demonstrated that the burden of @entity715 both in the right atrium and descending aorta was significantly lower. DISCUSSION: This is the first case report of a @entity1 with @entity7092 undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Conventional anticoagulant therapy and cryoprecipitate seem to be a reasonable management strategy to prevent @entity715 in a @entity1 with @entity7092 and a thrombophilic tendency. Secondly, fondaparinux can be used in cases of failure of therapy with low molecular weight heparins and may actually be superior to low molecular weight heparins, especially in @entity1 with @entity7092 .

title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin's disease in a @entity1 with @entity7092 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7092 :: ('MESH:C562727', 'Disease') :: ['Dysfibrinogenemia', 'dysfibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: The heart includes systolic and diastolic components. The immediate effects of physical activity include increased sympathetic nervous and related hormonal activity; increased heart rate, contractility, @entity64 volume, and cardiac output. The time for systole and diastole are reduced, with relatively more work per beat. Light activity prior to the following strenuous exertion enhances performance, safety, and recovery. @entity1 , @entity1 , and @entity1 show similar responses to activity: acute stress, with long-term improvements in cardiovsacular function. There is no cardiovascular reason for restricting activity for @entity1 or @entity1 . Mental and/or emotional stressors cause similar stress reactions, without the potential long-range benefits of regular physical activity. Athletics is viewed as an optional part of a lifetime of regular, vigorous activity, and as such can make a contribution to one's @entity65 . From this viewpoint, there is no need to put one in the stressful athletic situation until adequate pre-conditioning has taken place. Neither is there a place for inactive promoters of athletics for its own sake.

title: Athletics and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular fitness']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular health']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the beneficial and harmful effects of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers in non-ST elevation @entity1187 (NSTE-ACS) depend on age. METHODS: A meta-analysis of six trials of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers in @entity1 with NSTE-ACS (PRISM, PRISM-PLUS, PARAGON-A, PURSUIT, PARAGON-B, GUSTO IV-ACS; n = 31 402) was performed. We applied multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate the drug effects on @entity204 or non-fatal @entity583 at 30 days, and on major @entity548 , by age subgroups (<60, 60-69, 70-79, > or =80 years). We quantified the @entity204 or @entity583 as the number needed to treat (NNT), and the increase of major @entity548 as the number needed to harm (NNH). RESULTS: Subgroups had 11 155 (35%), 9727 (31%), 8468 (27%) and 2049 (7%) @entity1 , respectively. The relative benefit of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers did not differ significantly (p = 0.5) between age subgroups (OR (95% CI) for @entity204 or @entity583 : 0.86 (0.74 to 0.99), 0.90 (0.80 to 1.02), 0.97 (0.86 to 1.10), 0.90 (0.73 to 1.16); overall 0.91 (0.86 to 0.99). ORs for major @entity548 were 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8), 1.9 (1.4 to 2.7), 1.6 (1.2 to 2.1) and 2.5 (1.5-4.1). Overall NNT was 105, and overall @entity15852 was 90. The oldest @entity1 had larger absolute increases in major @entity548 , but also had the largest absolute reductions of @entity204 or @entity583 . @entity1 > or =80 years had half of the NNT and a third of the NNH of @entity1 <60 years. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with NSTE-ACS, the relative @entity204 or non-fatal @entity583 with platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers was independent of @entity1 age. Larger absolute outcome reductions were seen in older @entity1 , but with a higher risk of major @entity548 . Close monitoring of these @entity1 is warranted.

title: Effects of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers in non-ST segment elevation XXXX : benefit and harm in different age subgroups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of death', 'death']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: The feasibility of using still images sent via the Internet for remote neuropathological consultation was examined. We assessed the diagnostic agreement between three groups of neuropathologists and a reference laboratory. All groups independently evaluated pictorial data exchanged by e-mail or ftp server. In the group of @entity1653 agreement was reached in 100%, 100%, 92% of cases. In three cases of @entity5 agreement was achieved in 100%, 33%, 33% of cases, and in ten cases of @entity1653 agreement was achieved in 50%, 30%, 40% of cases. Average concordance for all three groups was 83.33%, 54.33%, 57.67%. Our experiment showed that there were no discrepancies in the typical cases of @entity1653 . Disagreement related to the grade II and III lesions i.e. atypical and @entity5 . Atypical as well as @entity5 seems to need more direct discussion to achieve consensus. The main problem was the subjectivity of the local pathologist who overstated the informational content of the images, and an insufficient number of pictures. This may be prevented in the future by employment of dynamic teleneuropathology using a very high-resolution camera.

title: Determining the feasibility of diagnosing XXXX using static teleneuropathy images transmitted electronically.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['benign meningothelial meningiomas', 'benign meningothelial meningioma', 'atypical meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of lacrimal probing in @entity1 at or older than 1 year of age with @entity1448 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty eyes of 38 @entity1 (24 males, 14 females) with @entity9467 who underwent nasolacrimal duct probing were evaluated in a prospective study. The age of the @entity1 was between 12 and 101 months (mean: 33 months). Success of probing was defined as complete resolution of preoperative symptoms and signs. The mean follow-up was 8 months (3-28 months). RESULTS: The success rate of probing was 88% (44/50 eyes). @entity9467 was observed in 6 eyes of 4 @entity1 (12%). Age of the @entity1 , gender, the frequency of @entity9467 before probing and the unilaterality or bilaterality of @entity9467 did not correlate with the success of probing (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nasolacrimal duct probing is advocated as a primary treatment in @entity1 younger than 9 years of age before proceeding to more complex treatment options. Unsuccessful probing may result from the selection of nonmembranous obstructions rather than the increased age of the @entity1 .

title: The results of late probing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['Residual epiphora', 'epiphora', 'congenital epiphora']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although endovascular repair of the descending @entity1514 aorta has emerged as a viable treatment option, little is known about its potential to treat @entity1 diagnosed with @entity292 . We reviewed our comprehensive @entity1514 endografting experience with regard to the endovascular management and subsequent outcome of @entity1 with @entity292 to assess whether endoluminal graft repair is a realistic option. METHODS: Between February 2000 and November 2005, 255 @entity1 were successfully treated with an endoluminal graft to the descending @entity1514 aorta. Indications for intervention included: @entity731 (109/255, 42.7%), acute and chronic dissections (75/255, 29.4%), miscellaneous (34/255, 13.3%), penetrating aortic @entity1066 (30/255, 11.8%), and @entity292 (7/255, 2.7%). RESULTS: Average @entity1 age was 73.4 +/- 10.1 years, with 4 male @entity1 (4/7, 57.1%) and 3 female @entity1 (3/7, 42.9%). All @entity1 presented with hemoptysis, with 1 @entity1 (1/7, 14.3%) requiring preoperative blood transfusion. Three @entity1 (3/7, 42.9%) were diagnosed with @entity731 , 3 @entity1 (3/7, 42.9%) had @entity2849 associated with prior open surgical repair, and 1 @entity1 (1/7, 14.3%) had a prior endoluminal graft placed for a traumatic aortic transection. No standard postoperative antibiotic regimen was followed. There were no endoleaks, no incidences of @entity451 , and no endoluminal graft infections. Survival was 100% (7/7) at both 30 days and 1 year, and all @entity1 are currently alive. Follow-up computed tomography was available for all 7 @entity1 , with an average follow-up of 42.6 +/- 28.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular management of @entity292 appears to be safe and well tolerated, even in surgically high-risk @entity1 , with minimal risk of prosthesis infection. Long-term surveillance and continued investigation are warranted.

title: Have we gone too far? Endovascular stent-graft repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['aortobronchial fistulas']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['aortobronchial fistulas']


abstract: Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 admitted to hospital with severe soft tissue infection were entered into an open trial designed to evaluate safety and efficacy of the drug combination @entity7120 / @entity3400 . The dosage regimen was 4 g @entity3400 /500 mg @entity7120 Q8H. There were twenty cases of uncomplicated @entity2688 and five cases with associated @entity733 formation. These five cases required adjunctive surgical drainage. Mean duration of therapy was 7.6 days. No other antibiotics were administered unless treatment with the study drug failed. There were eight treatment failures, six related to the trial drug. Four @entity1 developed an @entity56 response to the trial drug, necessitating a change of therapy. Three @entity1 failed to respond; all three had acute @entity2688 in association with @entity1095 . Significant bacterial isolates were grown in thirteen @entity1 ; Group A streptococci in three, @entity794 in five, other pathogenic streptococci in four and coliforms or Ps. aeruginosa in five. The majority of isolates except the streptococci were resistant to @entity3400 but all isolates except one strain of Ps. aeruginosa were susceptible to the combination. The combination is suitable for the treatment of serious soft tissue infection, but increased doses may be appropriate in infection at poorly perfused sites.

title: @entity3400 / XXXX in the treatment of serious acute soft tissue infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

answer: @entity7120 :: (MESH:C043265,Chemical) :: ['tazobactam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose was to determine preoperative indications, intraoperative procedures, and outcomes of capsular tension ring (CTR) insertion during @entity231 surgery. METHODS: A review of all @entity1 undergoing @entity231 surgery with insertion of a CTR between July 2000 and June 2010 was conducted at The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, a large tertiary teaching hospital in Victoria, Australia. Information relating to each @entity1 's demographic details, preoperative assessment, surgical procedure, and postoperative assessment were obtained. RESULTS: Eighty-four eyes of 82 @entity1 were included in this study. The main indications for CTR insertion were previous @entity130 , @entity9998 , and mature @entity231 . Twenty-one eyes (25.0%) did not have any obvious preoperative indication. A posterior capsule tear was the most common intraoperative complication (3.6%). An intraocular lens was successfully implanted in the bag in 72 eyes (85.7%). Postoperatively, the most common complications were a decentered intraocular lens (8.3%) and persistent @entity3279 (6.0%). Overall, 61 eyes (72.6%) had better postoperative visual acuity compared with preoperative acuity, with 67 @entity1 (79.8%) achieving vision of 20/40 or better. CONCLUSION: For the majority of cases, CTR use in complex @entity231 surgeries is associated with improved postoperative outcomes. CTR implantation is most commonly required in @entity1 with known risk factors for zonular instability.

title: A retrospective study of the indications and outcomes of capsular tension ring insertion during XXXX surgery at a tertiary teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoexfoliation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OVERVIEW: As @entity28 has reached epidemic proportions, the management of this global disease is of clinical importance. The availability and popularity of natural dietary supplements for the treatment of @entity28 has risen dramatically in recent years. AIMS: The aim of this paper was to assess the current evidence of commonly available natural supplements used to suppress appetite for @entity28 control and management in @entity1 using a systematic search of clinical trials meeting an acceptable standard of evidence. METHODS: The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE with full text (via EBSCOHost) were accessed during late 2012 for @entity922 ( @entity922 ) using natural plant extracts as interventions to treat @entity28 through appetite regulation. A quality analysis using a purpose-designed scale and an estimation of effect size, where data were available, was also calculated. The inclusion criteria included the following: sample @entity1 classified as overweight or @entity28 adults (aged 18-65 years), randomized, double blind, controlled design, suitable placebo/control intervention, sample size >20, duration of intervention >2 weeks, have measurable outcomes on appetite or food intake and anthropometry, and full paper in English. RESULTS: There were 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The findings from published double blind @entity922 revealed mostly inconclusive evidence that plant extracts are effective in reducing body weight through appetite suppression. Caralluma fimbriata extract and a combination supplement containing Garcinia cambogia plus Gymnema sylvestre were the only exceptions. CONCLUSION: According to the findings from this systematic review, the evidence is not convincing in demonstrating that most dietary supplements used as appetite suppressants for weight loss in the treatment of @entity28 are effective and safe. A balance between conclusive findings by double blind @entity922 and advertisement is required to avoid safety concerns and dissatisfaction from consumers.

title: Plant extracts with appetite suppressing properties for body weight control: a systematic review of double blind XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['RCTs', 'randomized controlled clinical trials']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['randomized controlled clinical trials']


abstract: The efficiency of the @entity5 markers prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), @entity1069 ( @entity1069 ), @entity6421 , and osteocalcin was tested with regard to their ability to predict @entity5 death within 2 years plus survival beyond 2 years in a series of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity263 . For all markers, an elevated level suggested a @entity5 with a worse prognosis. Moreover, the extent to which the level was increased carried additional information. The prognostic efficiency was routinely improved by selecting cutoff levels higher than the standards suggested by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit manufacturers. Seventy-four percent of the @entity1 with elevated levels of neopterin were still alive after 2 years when 8 nmol/L was selected as the upper normal value compared to only 43% at 12 nmol/L. At a cut-off value of 3 micrograms/L for osteocalcin, 79% of the @entity1 with elevated levels were still alive after 2 years compared with only 20% when 7 micrograms/L was selected. Such adjustments to higher cutoff levels could be made without increasing the number of "false-negatives." The efficiency of PAP to predict short-term prognosis was poor at the standard cutoff level of 1.9 microgram/L. Not until 20 micrograms/L was selected did the efficiency exceed 80%. @entity1069 was highly sensitive but little specific at any of the cutoff levels tested with regard to ability to indicate prognosis.

title: Aspects on reference values for @entity5 markers in XXXX @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate-specific antigen', 'PSA']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We measured the levels of sFas and sFasL in CSF and serum of @entity2858 infected @entity1 and related them to @entity29625 complex (ADC). Specimens were obtained from 51 @entity2858 infected individuals (29 with ADC) and 39 @entity645 negative individuals. The sFas was detectable in all sera and 98% of CSF specimens. Measurable levels of sFasL were found in 79% of the CSF and 98% of sera samples. According to the presence or absence of ADC, we observed significant differences in CSF sFas (median and IQR 116, 132 vs. 30, 23 pg/ml, P<0.001) and sFasL (median and IQR 127, 290 vs. 15, 73 pg/ml, P<0.001) levels. The sFas in serum differed significantly between @entity2858 infected subjects and non-infected controls (P<0.001), with no correlation to ADC. On the contrary, sFasL in serum differed among @entity2858 infected subjects according to clinical signs of ADC. In the cross-sectional study, the number of cells present in CSF and CD4+ T cell counts in blood did not correlate to the levels of CSF sFas and sFasL. Interestingly, the number of @entity645 RNA copies in CSF correlated significantly to the levels of CSF sFasL (P=0.001) but not to sFas in the same compartment. Antiretroviral therapy reduced viral load and sFas levels in CSF in the majority of @entity1 . sFas is a useful marker for ADC diagnosis and follow-up during antiviral treatment.

title: Elevated levels of soluble Fas and Fas ligand in cerebrospinal fluid of XXXX with @entity29625 complex.

entities_list: @entity29625 :: ('MESH:D015526', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS dementia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to describe health perceptions related to sense of coherence among young adults living with @entity17325 . BACKGROUND: @entity17325 refers to a group of progressive @entity121 that may manifest in @entity717 . The focus in health care is to optimize health, which requires knowledge about the content of health as described by the individual. DESIGN: A descriptive study design with qualitative and quantitative data were used. METHOD: Interviews were conducted between June 2012-November 2013 with 14 @entity1 aged 20-30  years. The @entity1 also answered the 13-item sense of coherence questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed with content analysis and related to self-rated sense of coherence. FINDINGS: Health was viewed as intertwined physical and mental well-being. As the disease progressed, well-being was perceived to be influenced not only by physical @entity73 caused by the disease but also by external factors, such as accessibility to support and attitudes in society. Factors perceived to promote health were having a balanced lifestyle, social relations and meaningful daily activities. Self-rated sense of coherence varied. The median score was 56 (range 37-77). Those who scored >= 56 described to a greater extent satisfaction regarding support received, daily pursuits and social life compared with those who scored <56. CONCLUSION: Care should be @entity1 -centred. Caregivers, with their knowledge, should strive to assess how the @entity1 comprehends, manages and finds meaning in daily life. Through dialogue, not only physical, @entity6100 but also health-promoting solutions can be highlighted.

title: Health perceptions of young adults living with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['psychological and social needs']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment and mental strain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity17325 :: ('MESH:D049288', 'Disease') :: ['recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy', 'Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscular disorders']

answer: @entity17325 :: (MESH:D049288,Disease) :: ['recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the sonographic changes observed in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) post antiangiogenic treatment with @entity2857 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty one intermediate or advanced @entity157 @entity1 (19 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; mean age: 66.8 years; 32 @entity5 -TTs) received @entity2857 as monotherapy and were studied with unenhanced ultrasonography (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with a second generation echo-enhancer (SonoVue) at bimonthly intervals. Changes in lesional size, echotexture and enhancement were evaluated. Response was classified according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In @entity5 ) and modified (m) RECIST. RESULTS: Cystic changes were detected on US in 4 @entity1 (7 lesions); CEUS showed a significant (51-100%) decrease of viable, enhancing TTs in the aforementioned @entity1 . Four additional @entity1 (5 lesions) showed a 73-87% decrease of their viable TTs on CEUS, but no changes on US. 13/21 @entity1 showed less than 30% decrease, no change, or increase of their viable TTs. Based on the last sonographic evaluation, response was as follows: RECIST- Complete Response, CR (n=0), Partial Response, PR (n=1), Stable Disease, @entity168 (n=16), @entity74 , @entity1726 (n=4); mRECIST- CR (n=2), PR (n=6), @entity168 (n=11), @entity1726 (n=2). The 8 responders (CR+PR) according to mRECIST had significantly longer mean @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) compared to the 13 non-responders (21.5 vs 12.2 months, p=0.018, Kaplan-Meier method). However, statistical significance was reduced (p=0.065) after adjustment for BCLC and @entity1 's class. CONCLUSION: US may occasionally detect changes indicative of the effect of @entity2857 on @entity157 , but CEUS is required to evaluate and grade post-therapeutic reduction of tumoral enhancement. The latter is likely to correlate with @entity1349 .

title: Intermediate and advanced @entity157 treated with the antiangiogenic agent XXXX . Evaluation with unenhanced and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Child', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors', 'target tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive Disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: By insertional and deletional marker replacement mutagenesis the common nod region of @entity19062 was examined for the presence of additional, essential nodulation genes. An open reading frame located in the 800 bp large intergenic region between nodD1 and nodA did not appear to be essential for nodulation of @entity1460 . Furthermore, a strain with a deletion of the nodI- and nodJ-like genes downstream of nodC had a Nod+ phenotype. A mutant with a 1.7 kb deletion immediately downstream of nodD1 considerably delayed the onset of nodulation. This region carried a second copy of nodD (nodD2). A nodD1-nodD2 double mutant had a similar phenotype to the nodD2 mutant. Using a 22-mer oligonucleotide probe partially identical to the nod box sequence, a total of six hybridizing regions were identified in @entity19063 genomic DNA and isolated from a cosmid library. Sequencing of the hybridizing regions revealed that at least three of them represented true nod box sequences whereas the others showed considerable deviations from the consensus sequence. One of the three nod box sequences was the one known to be associated with nodA, whereas the other two were located 60 to 70 kb away from nif cluster I. A deletion of one of these two sequences plus adjacent DNA material (mutant delta 308) led to a reduced nodulation on @entity2773 but not on @entity1460 . Thus, this region is probably involved in the determination of host specificity.

title: Mutational analysis of the XXXX common nod genes and further nod box-linked genomic DNA regions.

entities_list: @entity19062 :: ('375', 'Species') :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum']

answer: @entity19062 :: (375,Species) :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum']


abstract: @entity1578 is a heterogeneous condition which may be fatal and the primary cause is frequently unknown. We investigated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. We studied 45 @entity1 who had liver transplantation due to a variety of clinical presentations. Blue native @entity2975 gel electrophoresis with immunodetection of respiratory chain complexes I-V, biochemical activity of respiratory chain complexes II and IV and quantification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were investigated in liver tissue collected from the explanted liver during transplantation. Abnormal mitochondrial function was frequently present in this cohort: ten of 40 @entity1 (25  %) had a defect of one or more respiratory chain enzyme complexes on blue native gels, 20 @entity1 (44  %) had low activity of complex II and/or IV and ten (22  %) had a reduced mtDNA copy number. Combined @entity2383 and reduced numbers of mitochondria were detected in all three @entity1 with @entity879 . Low complex IV activity in @entity2876 in @entity82 were common findings. All six @entity1 diagnosed with @entity96 showed variable alterations in mitochondrial function, probably due to the heterogeneity of the presenting @entity5 . In conclusion, @entity2383 is common in severe @entity1578 in non-mitochondrial conditions. Therefore, in contrast to the common practice detection of @entity17220 in liver should not restrict the inclusion of @entity1 for liver transplantation. Furthermore, improving mitochondrial function may be targeted as part of a complex therapy approach in different forms of @entity409 .

title: XXXX in @entity1578 requiring transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory chain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['Liver failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia and complex II defects']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'respiratory chain deficiency']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['Mitochondrial dysfunction']


abstract: Cells from a secondary @entity5 developing at the site of a regressed @entity41741 virus-induced @entity5 could be passaged in adult STU @entity19 by intramuscular and intraperitoneal inoculation. The @entity5 induced by these cells, as well as by a cell line derived from it, grew progressively and led to death of the animals between 3 and 7 wk after @entity5 transplantation. No evidence for production of virus from these cells was obtained or for the presence of viral antigens ( @entity8919 , gp69/71). From both cell variants, @entity242 virus genome could be rescued by @entity778 , resulting in the establishment of a cell line producing focus- and @entity778 . The rescued producer cells very frequently also produced @entity5 which finally grew progressively. The nonproducer cells were not immunogenic, as was demonstrated in cross transplantation tests and in studies for cell-mediated @entity137 (CMC) and complement-dependent @entity137 ( @entity137 ). The producer cells, however, were demonstrated to possess a strong immunogenicity. The nonproducer cells, though nonimmunogenic, revealed a weak immunosensitivity when used for challenge in the transplantation protection assay or as target cell for the demonstration of @entity137 and CMC, if the immune response was induced by cells producing the @entity778 complex, but not by cells producing only helper virus. The nonproducer cells, as well as their rescued producer derivative, showed a stronger reactivity with cytotoxic antibodies than with cytotoxic cells, whereas the helper virus-producing cell line was comparably suitable as target cell for @entity137 and CMC. The recurrence of a regressed @entity41741 is assumed to be the result of the occurrence of transformed nonproducer cells escaping immune destruction, and not as a consequence of a depleted immune resistance in the host.

title: Nonproducer XXXX cells with rescuable @entity242 virus genome isolated from a recurrent @entity41741 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['XC plaque-forming virus', 'infection with helper virus', 'sarcoma-helper virus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['antibody-mediated cytotoxicity', 'AMC', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity41741 :: ('MESH:C535810', 'Disease') :: ['Moloney sarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumor']


abstract: Most countries still do not achieve 1 IU of factor VIII/capita sufficient for survival. Although primary prophylaxis prevents @entity603 , is not universally used. @entity102 is treated with arthroscopy at expense of considerable amount of coagulation factors, and specialized surgeons. Radioactive synovectomy (RS) is a minimally invasive and cost effective alternative to arthroscopy, often considered first the option for persistent @entity603 . Even without established causation with @entity5 , RS is avoided by some, due to this concern. We aim contributing to the understanding of RS safety regarding malignancy, presenting a large number of treated @entity1 , and a single case of @entity5 . Three centres in Brazil applied RS with (90) Yttrium Citrate, (90) Yttrium hydroxyapatite or (153) @entity40021 in @entity2720 and performed a survey addressing @entity5 in these @entity1 . Four hundred and eighty eight @entity1 (ages 3-51) received 1-3 RS (total 842) and follow-up was 6 months to 9 years. One @entity1 aged 14 years presented @entity2828 , 11 months after RS. The @entity5 was treated successfully with surgery and chemotherapy. Causality of @entity5 by RS is improbable in this case. Accordingly, latency here is far below minimum 5-10 years for radio-induction of solid @entity5 . Moreover, ES is not a typically radio-induced @entity5 , even at high doses. In agreement with others, though recognizing limitations, this study suggests RS is safe regarding @entity5 . @entity603 is a known burden for @entity1 . The decision of making reasonable usage of RS should be outweighed with the risks of leaving @entity603 untreated.

title: Radioactive synovectomy with (90) yttrium and (153) XXXX in @entity2720 : preliminary study on radiation safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer induction', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity40021 :: ('MESH:C091049', 'Chemical') :: ['Samarium hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic synovitis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'Synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilic joints']

answer: @entity40021 :: (MESH:C091049,Chemical) :: ['samarium hydroxyapatite']


abstract: This report describes the histopathology of two hundred and fifty-three @entity361 of the urinary bladder in @entity291 grazing on lands rich in bracken fern. Approximately 80% were @entity2695 and @entity5426 . @entity2695 (capillary, cavernous, and large vessels) was the most frequent @entity361 and was more common than @entity5426 . Although the appearance of endothelial cells can vary remarkably, epithelioid @entity5426 , often containing multinucleated cells, were the most frequent @entity5 . @entity2698 and @entity5 of muscle and soft connective tissue origin, alone and/or in association with @entity5 -like lesions, were less frequently seen. Furthermore, forty-five cases of intravascular @entity1377 (IPEH), a lesion not previously reported in the urinary bladder of @entity291 , were also described. @entity10368 DNA was amplified in @entity5 samples. @entity5 were investigated by dual-labeling immunofluorescence, and, for the first time, a coexpression of @entity42592 (PDGF b R) was shown to occur. The results show that the @entity10368 E5 oncoprotein binds to the activated form of the PDGF b receptor thus playing an important role in mesenchymal as well as epithelial carcinogenesis of the urinary bladder. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that @entity10368 infects both epithelial and mesenchymal cells.

title: XXXX infection and a series of @entity361 of the urinary bladder in @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary endothelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas', 'Hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Forty vascular tumors', 'tumors', 'malignant vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity10368 :: ('10561', 'Species') :: ['Bovine papillomavirus type-2', 'BPV-2']

entities_list: @entity42592 :: ('22899', 'Gene') :: ['E5 and platelet-derived growth factor b receptor']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors', 'mesenchymal tumor']

answer: @entity10368 :: (10561,Species) :: ['Bovine papillomavirus type 2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION:   @entity2548 are a preferred access for hemodialysis. Subsequent hemodynamic changes in systemic circulation may cause @entity712 . The general conclusions that can be drawn from the few available studies are that high  -flow @entity292 causing symptomatic @entity712 should be subjected either to reconstruction or ligation. However, it is still unclear whether a well  -functioning @entity292 should be ligated after successful kidney transplantation. OBJECTIVES:   The aim of our study was to assess the effect of the @entity292 on heart function in @entity1 after kidney transplantation. @entity1 AND METHODS:   The study included 18 @entity1 after kidney transplantation. Five @entity1 underwent @entity292 ligation for esthetic reasons; 4 @entity292 thrombosed shortly after transplantation. A group of 9 @entity1 with a patent @entity292 was matched for age and sex. Heart function was assessed by physical examination and echocardiography. RESULTS:   The study group consisted of 6 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , aged 32 to 64 years, with 6 forearm and 3 arm @entity292 , and with hemoglobin levels ranging from 6.95 to 9.63 mmol/l. The control group consisted of 6 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , aged 38 to 66 years, with 5 forearm @entity292 and   hemoglobin levels ranging from 7.32 to 9.25 mmol/l. Control echocardiography was performed in each @entity1 3 months after @entity292 closure and did not reveal any significant differences compared with baseline examination. CONCLUSIONS:   Fistula ligation performed in a stable kidney allograft recipient does not seem to have a beneficial effect on cardiac function during short-term follow-up. Decision making should be cautious and balanced, because the creation of a new access may be extremely difficult and not always feasible.

title: To close or not to close: XXXX ligation and cardiac function in kidney allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: @entity3619 is @entity409 of at least 6 months' duration. Liver biopsy is essential for diagnosis and allows classification into chronic persistent @entity99 and @entity3619 . Chronic persistent @entity99 is associated with @entity1956 or with infection with the non A non B viruses. The prognosis is good and it requires no treatment. @entity3619 presents a very active clinical, biochemical and immunological picture. @entity617 therapy is of benefit in prolonging life. Steroid therapy is disappointing in @entity1956 related @entity3619 . Superinfection with delta agent may affect HBsAg positive @entity1 : it appears to cause activation of disease and progression towards @entity82 . Hepatocarcinoma is another complication of chronic B infection. Chronic active non A non B @entity99 is diagnosed by elimination since there is no specific diagnostic test.

title: [Value of puncture biopsy of the liver during diagnostic and follow-up examinations (clinical aspects, immunological markers, images) in chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection', 'hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['defined as chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis', 'Chronic hepatitis', 'chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: @entity6342 are frequently encountered in the elderly population. While the majority of these @entity174 can be managed nonoperatively, 2-, 3-, and 4-part @entity174 , head splitting, and complex @entity174 dislocations typically require operative management. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a popular treatment option for displaced @entity174 . Advent of locking plates potentially imparts a better option for @entity1 with osteoporotic bone. Hemiarthroplasty has traditionally been used in @entity6342 not amendable to ORIF. While typically providing @entity158 control, results of hemiarthroplasty have demonstrated inconsistent shoulder motion. Tuberosity malposition or poor healing is a major culprit in unsatisfactory postoperative range of motion. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has been used in the setting of rotator cuff @entity2720 with successful results. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has recently been used in the setting of acute @entity6342 of the elderly individuals. This technology has shown promising results with mean active anterior elevation from 97   to 122   reported with complication rates of 15% to 28% in short-term studies. Long-term studies and higher level evidence studies with comparison to hemiarthroplasty and ORIF are needed.

title: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for acute @entity6342 in the geriatric XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures', 'Proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['good pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) are a heterogenous family of @entity1503 characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. Because of the variability between @entity1 regarding prognosis and morbidity related to the disease, consensus regarding the management of these @entity1 has been difficult. Over the past several years, new prognostic scoring systems such as the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) have attempted to provide a projection for long-term stability of the percentage of @entity1 who have "low-grade" or indolent @entity2590 . Unfortunately, its lack of prospective use in clinical trials and other settings has thus far failed to validate it as a functional decision-making tool. Thus, investigators have hypothesized that separating @entity1 based on more simplistic treatment-oriented guidelines may be more efficient. For the majority of @entity1 with @entity2590 , no curative option exists. @entity1 who are young enough and have an available matched sibling or matched unrelated donor may undergo an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) with a potential cure rate of 30% to 50%. The major issue regarding this approach is the relatively high morbidity and the risk that the @entity1 's lives may be shortened, that their quality of life will be worsened, or that no overall benefit will occur (relapse). Compounding the issue of selection and timing for BMT is the fact that the best results in terms of relapse-free survival appear to be in the subset of @entity1 with early or low-grade @entity2590 , characterized by @entity417 with or without ringed sideroblasts. For these @entity1 , lacking a donor for BMT, the major issue has become the consideration of induction chemotherapy. While dose-intensive chemotherapy may improve outcome in a small percentage of @entity1 , the majority of elderly @entity1 with @entity2590 are not optimal candidates for such an approach. As a result, supportive care has a major role for @entity1 with @entity2590 and depending on the French-American-British (FAB) presentation and comorbid illnesses may be the preferred approach. @entity1307 , a growth factor, is perhaps the most commonly used supportive care after transfusion. The use of colony-stimulating growth factors to support @entity1431 is currently under investigation. The use of thrombopoietic agents has lagged behind in the management of @entity2590 @entity1 . Investigation of @entity650 ( @entity650 ), a thrombopoietic cytokine, showed some ability to increase platelets through significant @entity137 . Investigation of @entity4382 , an approved thrombopoietic growth factor, is preparing to start and should aid in determining its role in this setting.

title: Advances in supportive care of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of adjunctive antidepressant drug therapy to improve the @entity308 or negative symptoms of @entity914 , however, monotherapy with atypical antipsychotics may be advantageous. We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity1090 monotherapy versus combination therapy of @entity1767 with sertaline for the acute treatment of @entity914 , @entity308 . This is an open label study of 52 female inpatients randomly assigned to @entity1090 alone (N = 26) or @entity1767 in combination with @entity3756 (N = 26) for 12 weeks. The mean daily doses of medications were: @entity1090 : 3.75-3.29 mg/day, @entity1767 : 5.35-4.15 mg/day, @entity3756 : 65.39-133.82 mg/day. Efficacy was measured using clinical rating scales of treatment, safety, and tolerability. @entity1090 @entity1 showed statistically significant greater improvement than @entity1767 - @entity3756 @entity1 on efficacy measures including Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Clinical Global Impressions rating. A higher number of @entity1090 @entity1 dropped out of the study early. Fewer adverse events and lesser need for concomitant medications occurred in @entity1 on @entity1090 . The @entity1090 group showed better psychological, social and occupational functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning) and higher quality of life (Heinrich's Quality of Life Scale). @entity1090 has higher antipsychotic efficacy and tolerability compared with @entity1767 - @entity3756 combination for the acute treatment of @entity914 , @entity308 . Both treatments were comparable in terms of antidepressant efficacy.

title: Combination therapy or monotherapy for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed type', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed type of schizoaffective disorder']


abstract: @entity65 are the major cause of mortality in @entity1 of @entity6 . Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of three subtypes such as @entity5601 , @entity6864 and @entity11589 . Activation of @entity5601 reduces @entity1674 and involves in regulation of energy homeostasis. Activation of @entity6864 causes insulin sensitization and enhances @entity413 metabolism, whereas activation of @entity11589 enhances @entity844 metabolism. Current therapeutic strategies available for the treatment of @entity6 do not inhibit the associated @entity65 . Hence, the development of multimodal drugs which can reduce @entity4854 and concomitantly inhibit the progression of @entity65 may offer valuable therapeutic option. Several basic and clinical studies have exemplified the beneficial effects of @entity5601 and @entity6864 ligands in preventing the @entity65 . The @entity5601 /gamma dual agonists are developed to @entity1720 and simultaneously prevent @entity65 . Such compounds are under clinical trials and proposed for treatment of @entity2175 with @entity65 . However, @entity5601 /gamma dual agonists such as muraglitazar, tesaglitazar and ragaglitazar have been noted to produce several @entity65 and carcinogenicity, which raised number of questions about the clinical applications of dual agonists in @entity6 and its associated complications. The ongoing basic studies have elucidated the cardio protective role of @entity11589 . Therefore, further studies are on the track to develop @entity5601 /delta and @entity6864 /delta dual agonists and @entity5601 /gamma/delta pan agonists for the treatment of @entity65 . The present review critically analyzes the protective and detrimental effect of @entity5601 agonists in @entity65 . Moreover, the newly developed @entity5601 /delta and @entity6864 /delta dual agonists and @entity5601 /gamma/delta pan agonists have also been discussed which may open a new vista in the management of @entity65 in near future.

title: XXXX dual agonists: are they opening Pandora's Box?

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increase insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risks', 'Cardiovascular disorders', 'secondary cardiovascular complications', 'diabetic cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['PPARgamma', 'PPAR gamma']

entities_list: @entity11589 :: ('5467', 'Gene') :: ['PPARdelta/beta', 'PPARdelta']

answer: @entity5601 :: (5465,Gene) :: ['PPAR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischaemic preconditioning results in a reduction in @entity5721 to the heart. This beneficial effect is seen both with direct local preconditioning of the myocardium and with remote preconditioning of easily accessible distant non-vital limb tissue. Ischaemic postconditioning with a comparable sequence of brief periods of local ischaemia, when applied immediately after the ischaemic insult, confers benefits similar to preconditioning. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that limb ischaemia induces remote postconditioning and hence reduces experimental @entity583 size in a validated @entity1707 model of @entity583 . METHODS: Acute @entity583 was induced in 24 @entity1707 with 90 min balloon inflations of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Remote ischaemic postconditioning was induced in 12 of the @entity1707 by four 5 min cycles of blood pressure cuff inflation applied to the lower limb immediately after the @entity661 . @entity1188 size was assessed by measuring 72 h @entity1011 kinase release, MRI scan and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Area under the curve of @entity1011 kinase release was significantly reduced in the postconditioning group compared with the control group with a 26% reduction in the @entity1188 size (p<0.05). This was confirmed by MRI scanning and immunohistochemical analysis that revealed a 22% (p<0.05) and a 47.52% (p<0.01) relative reduction in the @entity1188 size, respectively. CONCLUSION: Remote ischaemic postconditioning is a simple technique to reduce @entity1188 size without the hazards and logistics of @entity453 . This type of conditioning promises clear clinical potential.

title: Remote ischaemic postconditioning protects the heart during @entity583 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon deflation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['multiple coronary artery balloon inflations']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Endovascular stent placement combined with coil @entity887 is an established procedure for the treatment of @entity438 . We describe lesion outcome using stents for the treatment of @entity438 . Sixty-nine @entity1 (30 females and 39 males; age range 12-78 years) treated with stent placement at Beijing Tiantan Hospital over a six-year period. Seventy- six @entity438 were encountered and 74 lesions were treated with 79 stents. Outcome was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score during a mean follow-up period of 32 months. Of the 74 stented @entity439 , 34 (45.9%) were located in the anterior circulation and 40 (54.1%) in the posterior circulation. Forty-eight (64.9%) @entity439 were small and 26 (35.1%) were large or giant. In 67 (90.5%) @entity439 @entity887 was completed by packing the @entity439 sac with @entity902 coils. In five small fusiform and four @entity439 , the stent was used alone. Six procedure-related complications were observed and a cause of @entity204 in 7.2% of the @entity1 . Follow-up angiography obtained at three months to one year in 68 (91.9%) @entity439 demonstrated complete occlusion in 43 @entity439 with a progressive @entity715 rate of 19.4% (six out of 31 @entity439 ). @entity439 occurred in four (5.8%) @entity1 , three were treated with coil @entity887 and one with placement of another stent. Overall long-term outcome was good (GOS Score 4 or 5) in 92.8%, and fatal (GOS Score 1) in 7.2% of the @entity1 . Intracranial stents can be a useful addition to coil @entity887 for complex broad-based @entity439 . Favorable overall long-term outcome can be achieved in 92.8% of @entity1 when using endovascular stent placement techniques.

title: Endovascular treatment for XXXX using stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'saccular aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm recurrence']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine whether use of a @entity9190 inhibitor or (2) @entity5345 /2 mutation testing followed by a @entity9190 inhibitor for test positives is potentially cost-effective for maintenance treatment of @entity902 -sensitive recurrent high-grade serous @entity43 . METHODS: A modified Markov decision analysis compared 3 strategies: (1) observe; (2) olaparib to progression; (3) @entity5345 /2 mutation testing; treat mutation carriers with olaparib to progression. Progression-free survival and rates of adverse events were derived from a phase 2 randomized trial. Key assumptions are as follows: (1) 14% of @entity1 harbor a @entity6069 mutation; (2) progression-free survival of individuals treated with olaparib is improved for BCRA1/2 carriers compared with noncarriers (estimated hazard ratio, approximately 0.4). Costs derived from national data were assigned to treatments, adverse events, and @entity6069 test. Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS: Global olaparib was the most effective strategy, followed by @entity6069 testing and no olaparib. @entity6069 testing had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of  193,442 per progression-free year of life saved (PF-YLS) compared to no olaparib, whereas global olaparib had an ICER of  234,128 per PF-YLS compared to @entity6069 testing. At a 52% lower-than-baseline olaparib cost estimate of  3000 per month, @entity6069 testing became potentially cost-effective compared with observation, with an ICER of  100,000 per PF-YLS. When strategy (1) was removed from the analysis, @entity6069 testing was the preferred strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of maintenance olaparib in @entity1 with high-grade serous @entity43 is not cost-effective regardless of whether @entity6069 testing is used to direct treatment. However, @entity6069 testing is a preferred strategy compared to global maintenance olaparib alone.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity5345 and BRCA2 mutation testing to target @entity9190 inhibitor use in @entity902 -sensitive recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity4163 -stimulated protein kinase, designated PKJ, had been found in several animal brains. These include @entity840 , @entity95 , @entity35 , and @entity4186 brains. All of the four brain PKJ could be extracted from the particulate fractions using nonionic detergent nonidet @entity12993 and purified by using identical DEAE-cellulose and @entity4364 chromatographic methods. These results suggest that PKJ from different animal brains has similar ionic and hydrophobic characteristics. All four of the partially purified PKJ preparations could undergo autophosphorylations in the presence of @entity22270 GT1b and 32P- @entity855 . Analyses of the autophosphorylated proteins by using @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and subsequent autoradiography revealed one major radioactive band with apparent M(r) = 68,000. The range of @entity4163 -stimulated autophosphorylation was between 6- and 10-fold. The structural similarities of the different animal brain PKJ were further determined by using one-dimensional peptide mapping techniques. Limited proteolytic cleavages of the 32P-labeled 68-kD bands with staphylococcal aureus V-8 protease resulted in four major radioactive fragments with apparent M(r) corresponding to 22, 20, 18 and 15 kD, respectively. By contrast, digestion with chymotrypsin revealed only two major radioactive bands with apparent M(r) of 43 and 26 kD, respectively. These findings indicate that PKJ from @entity840 , @entity95 , @entity35 , and @entity4186 brains may have similar primary structures.

title: Widespread occurrence of XXXX -stimulated protein kinase in animal brains.

entities_list: @entity22270 :: ('MESH:C016806', 'Chemical') :: ['trisialoganglioside']

entities_list: @entity4364 :: ('MESH:C020927', 'Chemical') :: ['phenyl-Sepharose']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside', 'Ganglioside']

answer: @entity4163 :: (CHEBI:28892,Chemical) :: ['ganglioside']


abstract: Although @entity1 with @entity1030 often show airway hyperresponsiveness to constrictor challenge, the mechanisms underlying this hyperreactivity are unknown. In this study, we tested whether the elastase-induced hamster model of @entity2415 and bronchial secretory cell metaplasia shows a similar hyperreactivity. Four weeks after intratracheal administration of 0.2 mg/100 g body weight porcine pancreatic elastase, the animals were anesthetized and ventilated with a constant tidal volume of 5 ml/kg. Changes in airway pressure (Paw) were monitored before and after intravenous challenge with 0.7 mg/kg @entity934 ( @entity1617 ). There was a significant decrease in baseline Paw from 5.7 +/- 0.6 cm @entity2507 in control animals (n = 6) to 4.0 +/- 0.6 cm @entity2507 in emphysematous animals (n = 6). The peak Paw response to the intravenous challenge, normalized to the baseline Paw, was 2.9 +/- 0.4 in control animals, but it was significantly increased in the emphysematous animals to 4.4 +/- 1.1. @entity825 , bronchi, and parenchyma from these lungs were challenged with cumulative dose of @entity1617 and KCl. Sensitivity of the @entity825 and bronchi to @entity1617 challenge, assessed as the log ED50, did not show differences between the two groups. However, the @entity13404 showed greater sensitivity to @entity1617 compared with the control parenchyma. @entity825 and bronchi from emphysematous animals showed significantly decreased maximal contractility to challenge with both @entity1617 and KCl. In contrast, the @entity13404 showed significantly greater maximal contractility. These findings were independent of the baseline passive @entity2701 . This increased responsiveness may relate to @entity450 .

title: In vivo and in vitro lung reactivity in elastase-induced XXXX in hamsters.

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['trachea', 'Trachea']

entities_list: @entity13404 :: ('MESH:D041882', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['increased passive distensibility of the emphysematous parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: Studies with DNA flow cytometry (FCM) have shown that DNA contents of @entity5 clones vary in a wide range. The aim of this study was to analyse whether homologous chromosomal changes exist despite the individual differences that may be of general relevance for the development of gross @entity957 of the head and neck. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 13 centromere-specific DNA probes was applied to 3 diploid and 11 @entity5 with DNA indices ranging between 0.8 and 2.2. Disomic and monosomic cell populations were prevalent findings in DNA-diploid @entity5 . Polysomies were common in @entity5 . Different degrees of aneusomy for identical chromosomes were recurrent features in @entity5 . FISH signal heterogeneity was identified for all chromosomes. The mean number of aneusomic cell populations identified for DNA- @entity5 ranged between 1.6 for chromosome 17 and 3.1 for chromosome 3. Inconsistencies between FISH and FCM data may indicate that centromere-specific DNA probes identify gains and losses of marker DNA due to complex karyotypic rearrangements rather than absolute changes in chromosome numbers. Overall, there was no evidence of the critical involvement of particular chromosomes in the development of different DNA contents.

title: Chromosomal composition of aneuploid clones with different DNA contents in head and neck XXXX as determined by combined flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid tumour', 'tumours', 'aneuploid tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy in squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: The objective of this review is to assess the incidence of postoperative @entity810 that necessitates the application of hemofiltration and to determine the factors that influence the outcome in @entity1 undergoing surgical repair of @entity1028 . In addition, the review aims to assess the outcomes of postoperative early hemofiltration as compared to late intensive hemofiltration. Different forms of renal replacement therapies for use in @entity1028 surgery @entity1 are discussed. Electronic literature searches were performed using Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Sumsearch, Cinahil, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Excerpta Medica. The search identified 419 potentially eligible studies, of which 119 were excluded based on the title and abstract. Of the remaining 300 studies, full articles were collected and re-evaluated. Forty-five articles satisfied our inclusion criteria, of which only 12 were of the IA Level of evidence. The search results indicated that the underlying disease, its severity and stage, the etiology of @entity810 , clinical and hemodynamic status of the @entity1 , the resources available, and different costs of therapy might all influence the choice of the renal replacement therapy strategy. However, clear guidelines on renal replacement therapy duration are still lacking. Moreover, it is not known whether in @entity810 @entity1 undergoing @entity1028 surgery, renal replacement therapy modalities can eliminate significant amounts of clinically relevant inflammatory mediators. This review gives current information available in the literature on the possible mechanisms underlying @entity810 and recent developments in continuous renal replacement treatment modalities.

title: Renal replacement therapies after XXXX repair--a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: The presence of early @entity86 after megaprosthesis replacement surgery is a concern for orthopedic oncologists due to the possibility of @entity281 . The aims of the current study were to determine the incidences and patterns of @entity221 and factors associated with its development and to determine the clinical significance of @entity221 after megaprosthesis replacement surgery. Seventy-one @entity1 who had undergone megaprosthesis reconstruction for previously unoperated localized lower-extremity @entity421 were reviewed. No @entity1 had evidence of @entity281 preoperatively. Mean @entity1 age was 23.72  16.84 years (range, 6.7-74 years), and average follow-up was 59.5 months (range, 4-240 months). @entity6081 (4 deep, 1 superficial) occurred on postoperative days 5, 13, 14, 20, and 21. Fevers (body temperature of 38   C or higher) were present in 62 @entity1 (87.3%) at some point during the first 2 postoperative weeks. Peak body temperature was observed on postoperative day 1 in 62% of the febrile @entity1 . Of the 62 febrile @entity1 , 94% were relieved of @entity221 by postoperative day 5. No significant association was observed between the presence of @entity221 . Body temperature curves in @entity1 with @entity281 showed that several atypical patterns, such as @entity221 and persistent @entity221 , were accompanied by physical findings within the normalization period. Fever during the first 5 postoperative days is common after megaprosthesis replacement for @entity79 and seems to be a normal physiologic response to surgery. However, atypical @entity221 patterns or additional physical findings require investigation.

title: Febrile response following megaprosthesis replacement for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['Five postoperative surgical wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever and surgical wound infection', 'multiple fever peaks', 'fever']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone sarcoma']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of our study is to assess the incidence and clinical significance of right ventricular (RV) involvement in @entity661 ( @entity661 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Between February 2002 and December 2005, 47 @entity1 with @entity661 underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at our institutions. 13 @entity1 with delayed initial CMR were excluded. In the remaining 34 @entity1 (32 @entity1 ), RV wall motion abnormalities (WMAs) were present in nine (26%). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly lower in @entity1 with RV involvement (40 +/- 6 vs. 48 +/- 10%, P = 0.04). The most frequently affected RV segments were the apico-lateral (89%), the antero-lateral (67%), and the inferior segment (67%). All RV WMA improved or disappeared in eight of nine @entity1 who underwent a follow-up CMR study. @entity1143 was more common in @entity1 with RV involvement (67 vs. 8%, P < 0.001) and was predictive of @entity67 (sensitivity 67% and specificity 92%). Significant or bilateral @entity1143 were seen exclusively in @entity1 with RV involvement. CONCLUSION: RV involvement is common in @entity661 and seems to be associated with a more severe impairment in LV systolic function. It may be suspected by the presence of @entity1143 .

title: Right ventricular involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'Pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['TTC', 'Takotsubo cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['Takotsubo cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity157 and @entity5 can complicate the course of @entity775 , and these occurrences may increase in frequency as the survival of @entity1 with @entity82 is extended and the prospect of new nonstandard immune-modifying intervention is realized. The frequency of @entity157 in @entity1 with @entity775 and @entity82 is 1-9 %, and annual occurrence in @entity1 with @entity82 is 1.1-1.9 %. The standardized incidence ratio for @entity157 in @entity775 @entity4318 .3 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 7.5-54.3) in Sweden, and the standardized mortality ratio for @entity5 is 42.3 (95 % CI 20.3-77.9) in New Zealand. The principal risk factor is long-standing @entity82 , and @entity1 at risk are characterized mainly by @entity82 for >=  10 years, manifestations of @entity101 , persistent @entity409 , and immunosuppressive therapy for >=  3 years. Multiple molecular disturbances, including the accumulation of senescent hepatocytes because of telomere @entity3207 , step-wise accumulation of @entity130 , and aberrations in transcription factors and genes, may contribute to the risk. @entity5 of diverse cell types occur in 5 % in an unpredictable fashion. The standardized incidence ratio is 2.7 (95 % CI 1.8-3.9) in New Zealand, and @entity1489 are most common. Outcomes are related to the nature and stage of the @entity5 at diagnosis. Surveillance recommendations have not been promulgated, but hepatic ultrasonography every six months in @entity1 with @entity82 is a consideration. Routine health screening measures for other @entity5 should be applied diligently.

title: @entity157 and other @entity5 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'extrahepatic malignancies', 'hepatobiliary cancer', 'Extraheptic malignancies', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal injuries']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: Various @entity1474 (notably @entity20765 and @entity3952 ) interfered with plaque production by the lipid-containing bacteriophage PR4 on lawns of @entity526 . Addition of @entity844 to give 50 mug/ml ( approximately 0.2 mM) at the time of @entity281 prevented phage replication. If, however, the @entity844 was added after @entity281 , normal amounts of phage were produced. If the @entity844 was added (to 50 mug/ml) to the host cell culture a long enough time before @entity281 such that the @entity844 concentration in the growth medium at the time of @entity281 was reduced to less, similar5 mug/ml (due to @entity844 incorporation by the host cells), normal phage replication occurred also. Neither @entity20765 nor @entity3952 prevented PR4 attachment to @entity526 . Several types of experiments indicated that it is the entry process of the virus that is inhibited by these @entity1718 . Specifically, if the @entity844 was added at the time of @entity281 , the host cells were not killed by the virus and no detectable amounts of viral protein were synthesized. In addition, experiments using purified radioisotope-labeled virions showed directly that entry is inhibited. Mutants of PR4 that did replicate in the presence of @entity3952 arose spontaneously at a frequency of 10(-6). Three of these mutants that have been further characterized have protein and phospholipid compositions indistinguishable from those of wild-type PR4.

title: Inhibitory effect of XXXX on the entry of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PR4 into @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity20765 :: ('MESH:C008757', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: Bcr-Abl @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as @entity2213 or @entity8947 produce high cytogenetic response rates in @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) with a good overall safety profile. Despite a complete molecular response, it is currently recommended to continue these targeted therapies to avoid relapse. The immediate and short-term TKI side effects are well known, but the long-term side effects have not yet been clearly identified. A preclinical study in @entity35 treated with TKI showed a statistically significant increase in benign and @entity703 . The authors report the case of a 61-year-old @entity1 with @entity1860 treated with @entity2213 with a good response, and they switched to @entity8947 after grade 4 @entity99 . He had received treatment with 400 mg of @entity2213 per day for 77 days, followed by @entity8947 for 133 days. He developed a @entity189 of unknown origin during TKI therapy. Despite chemotherapy, the @entity1 died 2 months after the diagnosis. Although several cases of solid @entity5 have been reported during TKI therapy, the link between @entity5 and TKIs is not yet clear. @entity2213 has remarkably improved the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1860 . Monitoring of the long-term safety profile of TKIs is essential due to the prolonged survival of these @entity1 .

title: @entity669 kinase inhibitors and solid XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['malignant renal tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Sonographic @entity1410 -guided (SHG) lumpectomy achieves better margin clearance with a smaller volume of resection compared with wire-localized (WL) lumpectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University Comprehensive Breast Center. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 treated over 6 months at the breast center with stereotactic biopsy-proven @entity5 that were not visualized on ultrasonography. The SHG and WL techniques were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The matching variables were age, mammographic abnormality, @entity5 size and type, and lymph node status. The outcome variables were the closest margin of resection, volume of resection, resection index (resection volume divided by @entity5 volume), and rate of margin revision. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 had SHG lumpectomy and 34 had WL lumpectomy. The SHG and WL groups were similar in age, mammographic abnormality, @entity5 size and type, and lymph node status. The median (interquartile range) closest margin was 5.0 (5-8) mm in the SHG group vs 3.5 (1-7) mm in the WL group (P = .01). The median (interquartile range) resection volume was 85.0 (60-128) cm(3) in the SHG group vs 143.4 (54-229) cm(3) in the WL group (P = .048). The median (interquartile range) resection index was 77.1 (51-220) in the SHG group vs 315.9 (89-3025) in the WL group (P = .003). The margin was revised in 1 (3.4%) of the @entity1 who underwent SHG lumpectomy vs 5 (14.7%) of the @entity1 who underwent WL lumpectomy (P = .20). CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic @entity1410 -guided lumpectomy is superior to WL lumpectomy in obtaining adequate margins while minimizing the volume of resection.

title: Sonographic XXXX -guided vs wire-localized lumpectomy for breast cancer: a comparison of margins and volume of resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a factory producing synthetic fibers the hepatotoxic effects of the solvent @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ) were investigated in 126 male employees, especially with regard to the combination effects of @entity9104 exposure and @entity1068 consumption. A collective of similar structure from the same factory served as a control collective. METHODS: Reference is made to the results of air measurements and biological monitoring presented in a previous publication. The @entity9104 concentrations in the air ranged from < 0.1 (detection limit) to 37.9 ppm (median 1.2 ppm). Concentrations of the @entity9104 metabolite @entity37409 ( @entity37410 ) in urine were 0.05-22.0 mg/l (preshift) and 0.9-100.0 mg/l (postshift), corresponding to 0.02-44.6 mg/g @entity1011 (preshift) and 0.4-62.3 mg/g @entity1011 (postshift). A standardized anamnesis was drawn up for relevant previous illnesses and other factors influencing liver function. The laboratory tests included parameters especially relevant to the liver (e.g., AST, ALT, gamma-GT, @entity1956 and C antibodies, and @entity1735 -deficient @entity69 ). RESULTS: The results indicate a statistically significant toxic influence of @entity9104 on liver function. @entity167 has a synergistic effect. The effects of @entity9104 and those of @entity167 are dose-dependent. Under the existing workplace conditions the hepatotoxic effects of @entity167 are more severe than those of @entity9104 . In the exposed group there was a statistically significantly greater number of @entity1 who stated that they had drunk less since the beginning of exposure (13% versus 0). This corresponded with the data on symptoms occurring after @entity167 consumption (71% versus 4%). In the work areas with lower-level exposure to @entity9104 there was greater @entity167 consumption. It corresponded to that of the control collective not exposed to @entity9104 . CONCLUSION: In this study we tried to differentiate and quantify the interaction between @entity9104 exposure and @entity167 consumption and the influence of both substances on liver function. The experience gained from former occupational health surveillance in @entity9104 -exposed @entity1 and from the present study show that there are individual differences in tolerance of interactions between @entity9104 and @entity1068 . Further studies are necessary for the evaluation of these individual degrees of susceptibilitiy.

title: Liver function in workers exposed to XXXX during the production of synthetic textiles.

entities_list: @entity37409 :: ('MESH:C002950', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methylformamide']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity6442 :: ('MESH:D004126', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethylformamide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

answer: @entity6442 :: (MESH:D004126,Chemical) :: ['N,N-dimethylformamide']