abstract: Cellular X-chromosome mosaicism, which is unique to females, may be advantageous during pathophysiological challenges compared with the single X-chromosome machinery of males, and it may contribute to gender dimorphism in the inflammatory response. We tested the hypothesis of whether cellular mosaicism for the X-linked @entity8930 ( @entity8930 ) deficiency, the catalytic component of the @entity224 anion-generating @entity1110 oxidase complex, is advantageous during polymicrobial @entity295 . Deficient, @entity164 ( @entity164 ), and heterozygous/mosaic @entity19 were compared following polymicrobial @entity295 initiated by cecal ligation and puncture. Compared with @entity164 littermates, @entity295 -induced mortality was improved in deficient @entity19 , as well as in mosaic animals carrying both deficient and @entity164 phagocyte subpopulations. In contrast, blood bacterial counts were greatest in deficient @entity19 . Consistent with poor survival, @entity164 @entity19 also showed the most severe @entity16 following @entity295 . In mosaic animals, the deficient neutrophil subpopulations displayed increased organ recruitment and elevated @entity3804 membrane expression compared with @entity164 neutrophil subpopulations within the same animal. The dynamics of @entity295 -induced blood and organ cytokine content and WBC composition changes, including lymphocyte subsets in blood and bone marrow, showed differences among @entity942 , and mosaic subjects, indicating that mosaic @entity19 are not simply the average of the deficient and @entity164 responses. Upon oxidative burst, interchange of oxidants between @entity164 and deficient neutrophil subpopulations occurred in mosaic @entity19 . This study suggests that @entity19 mosaic for @entity8930 expression have multiple advantages compared with @entity164 and deficient @entity19 during the septic course.

title: Female X-chromosome mosaicism for @entity8930 deficiency presents unique inflammatory phenotype and improves outcome in polymicrobial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['organ damage']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['WT, deficient']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the comparative effectiveness, efficacy, and tolerability of @entity2812 (LTG) and sustained-release @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) in the treatment of newly diagnosed @entity302 in the elderly. METHODS: @entity1 aged 65 years or older, who had experienced at least two unprovoked partial and/or generalized @entity410 , were randomized to receive LTG (n=93) or @entity2050 (n=92) according to a multicenter double-blind, parallel-group design. Trial duration was 40 weeks and included a 4-week dose escalation followed by a maintenance phase during which dosages could be adjusted according to response. Initial, maintenance and maximum dosages were 25 mg, 100 mg, and 500 mg per day for LTG, and 100 mg, 400 mg, and 2,000 mg per day for @entity2050 , respectively. The primary end point was retention in the trial. RESULTS: In the LTG group, 68 @entity1 (73%) completed the 40-week study period compared with 61 (67%) in the @entity2050 group, a nonsignificant difference. Time to withdrawal from any cause did not differ between groups (p=0.34). The number of subjects who completed the 40-week period and were @entity410 free in the last 20 weeks was 48 (52%) in the LTG group and 52 (57%) in the @entity2050 group. Adverse events leading to withdrawal occurred in 13 (14%) subjects in the LTG group and 23 (25%) subjects in the @entity2050 group. CONCLUSION: LTG and @entity2050 showed comparable effectiveness, with a trend for higher @entity410 -free rates for @entity2050 and better tolerability for LTG. Differences in outcome compared with previous trials may be related to different dosing rates and use of a sustained-release formulation for @entity2050 .

title: An international multicenter randomized double-blind controlled trial of @entity2812 and sustained-release XXXX in the treatment of newly diagnosed @entity302 in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in cases of suspected @entity2877 . METHODS: Suitable candidates were recruited from a database of all consecutive @entity1 who underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography between March 2009 and December 2012. @entity1 were stratified into low, medium and high risk for @entity2877 by assessing clinical symptoms, liver function tests and ultrasonography. True negatives and false positives were calculated based on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, intraoperative cholangiogram and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Of 201 magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography investigations conducted, @entity2877 was diagnosed in 37 (18%) @entity1 . In total, there was one false negative and three false positives. Total sensitivity and specificity values were 97% and 98%, respectively. These values were highest among low-risk @entity1 (100% for both sensitivity and specificity). By initially opting for magnetic resonance imaging in suitable moderate- and high-risk @entity1 , unnecessary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures were avoided in 61% and 65% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for @entity1 with suspected @entity2877 yields high sensitivity and specificity. Given its reduced risk profile and relative ease of administration, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is a necessary tool for the assessment of @entity2877 with the capacity to rival gold standard diagnostic techniques and help reduce the number of unnecessary interventional procedures.

title: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: utilization and usefulness in suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: With the aim of assessing the effectiveness and safety of @entity5753 in @entity1 with @entity1007 after heart transplantation, as well as the potential differences in the lipid-lowering effect of @entity5753 between @entity1 with or without pretransplant @entity453 ( @entity453 ), we studied 63 heart transplant @entity1 who had serum total @entity165 > 250 mg/dl in spite of dietary therapy. Mean age of subjects was 47 +/- 2 years. Triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy consisted of @entity205 , @entity500 , and @entity230 . Thirty-nine @entity1 (62%) had pretransplant @entity453 and 24 (38%) did not. Pretreatment serum lipid levels were: total @entity165 , 302 +/- 32 mg/dl; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , 201 +/- 35 mg/dl; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , 60 +/- 19 mg/dl; @entity1674 , 205 +/- 86 mg/dl; and total/HDL @entity165 ratio, 5.4 +/- 1.6. @entity1 received 10 to 40 mg/day of @entity5753 (mean dose 17 +/- 6) for 13 +/- 4 months. There were no serious adverse events. At 3 months, @entity5753 decreased total @entity165 by 15% (p < 0.001), LDL @entity165 by 21% (p < 0.001), @entity1674 by 17% (p < 0.05), and total/HDL @entity165 ratio by 17% (p < 0.001), and increased HDL @entity165 by 3% (NS). Although @entity5753 was effective in both @entity1 with pretransplant @entity453 and non- @entity453 , analysis of its effect in each subgroup ( @entity453 and non- @entity453 ) revealed that its lipid-lowering effect was higher for non- @entity453 @entity1 (-20% vs -12% for total @entity165 , and -27% vs -17% for LDL @entity165 , both p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of the effectiveness of XXXX therapy for @entity1007 after heart transplantation between @entity1 with and without pretransplant @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5753 :: (MESH:D008148,Chemical) :: ['lovastatin']


abstract: Malignancy-associated chylothorax is a rare manifestation with uncertain characteristics and clinical significance. We segregated 18 @entity1 into @entity706 (n= 11) and solid @entity5 (n= 7) groups to analyse the characteristics, treatment response and prognostic value of @entity5 -associated chylothorax. Diagnosis of chylothorax was confirmed by a @entity412 concentration of >110   mg/dL or by the presence of chylomicrons in the @entity1143 . Concentrations of @entity413 , protein and @entity880 dehydrogenase did not differ significantly between the @entity706 and solid @entity5 groups. Although not statistically significant (P= 0.25), 90.9% @entity706 @entity1 and 57.1% solid @entity5 @entity1 had exudates. The cytology diagnostic rate in the @entity706 and solid @entity5 groups was 20.0% and 33.3% respectively (P > 0.99). After chemotherapy, six @entity706 @entity1 achieved complete remission, with simultaneous chylothorax disappearance. The overall survival rate at 12 and 24 months in the @entity706 group was 54.5% and 36.4% respectively, while that in the solid @entity5 group was 35.7% and 0% respectively. @entity706 was the chief cause of chylothorax in our cohort. @entity706 treatment, lacking supplementary interventions, is essential for treating chylothorax in @entity706 @entity1 . Chylothorax indicates extremely limited life expectancy for solid @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Malignancy-associated chylothorax: a 20-year study of 18 XXXX from a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant lymphoma', 'Effective lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Outbreaks of mucohemorrhagic @entity294 in @entity1707 caused by @entity2127 in the late 2000s indicated the re-emergence of @entity1707 Dysentery (SD) in the U.S. Although the clinical disease was absent in the U.S. since the early 1990s, it continued to cause significant economic losses to other @entity1707 rearing countries worldwide. This study aims to fill the gap in knowledge pertaining to the re-emergence and epidemiology of @entity2127 in the U.S. and its global relationships using a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) approach. Fifty-nine post re-emergent isolates originating from a variety of sources in the U.S. were characterized by MLST, analyzed for epidemiological relationships (within and between multiple sites of @entity1707 systems), and were compared with pre re-emergent isolates from the U.S. Information for an additional 272 global isolates from the MLST database was utilized for international comparisons. Thirteen @entity377 @entity5599 ( @entity5599 ) including a predominant genotype ( @entity14821 ) were identified in the post re-emergent U.S. isolates; some of which showed genetic similarity to the pre re-emergent @entity5599 thereby suggesting its likely role in the re-emergence of SD. In the U.S., in general, no more than one ST was found on a site; multiple sites of a common system shared a ST; and @entity5599 found in the U.S. were distinct from those identified globally. Of the 110 @entity5599 characterized from ten countries, only two were found in more than one country. The U.S. and global populations, identified as clonal and heterogeneous based on @entity5599 , showed close relatedness based on @entity535 types (AATs). One predicted founder type (AAT9) and multiple predicted subgroup founder types identified for both the U.S. and the global population indicate the potential microevolution of this pathogen. This study elucidates the strain diversity and microevolution of @entity2127 , and highlights the utility of MLST for epidemiological and surveillance studies.

title: Understanding the molecular epidemiology and global relationships of XXXX from @entity1707 herds in the United States: a multi-locus sequence typing approach.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['sequence types', 'STs']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2127 :: ('159', 'Species') :: ['B. hyodysenteriae', 'Brachyspira hyodysenteriae']

answer: @entity2127 :: (159,Species) :: ['Brachyspira hyodysenteriae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study evolution of pSS immunological profile, impact on pSS activity and the long-term evolution of @entity1 with atypical auto-antibodies in a bicentric cohort of @entity1 with pSS (n=445, mean age 53.6+/-14years, mean follow-up 76.1+/-51months). RESULTS: 212 @entity1 were SSA positive and 131 were both SSA and @entity6016 positive. During follow-up, SSA antibodies disappear in 8 @entity1 ; 2 of them exhibit new systemic complications of pSS. 68 @entity1 had @entity14033 . 52 @entity1 had other anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) specificities: anti-RNP (n=12), anti-centromere (n=14), anti-DNA native (n=19), anti-Scl70 (n=3), anti-JO1 (n=3), anti-Sm (n=3) and anti-histone (n=1). Fourteen @entity1 developed ANA-associated @entity1200 during the follow-up: 5 @entity6558 (mean apparition delay 78months), 6 @entity1252 (mean occurrence delay 77months) and 2 systemic @entity1463 (mean occurrence delay 133+/-64months). Among these 14 @entity1 , only three presented atypical-ANA at pSS diagnosis. @entity14033 and anti-SSA and @entity6016 antibodies at diagnosis were associated with new systemic involvements. IN CONCLUSION: @entity14033 and SSA/ @entity6016 positivity are associated with systemic activity after diagnosis in pSS. Although atypical ANA are found in 12% of the cases, long-term evolution to ANA associated auto-immune diseases concerned @entity1 with active immunological profile and extra-glandular manifestations.

title: Immunological profile in primary Sj  gren syndrome: clinical significance, prognosis and long-term evolution to other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['Cryoglobulinemia', 'cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['auto-immune disease']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['auto-immune disease']


abstract: Experiments were performed in 25 @entity4774 -anaesthetized male @entity35 . Forty-six RVLM neurons were identified as putative presympathetic neurons according to their arterial baroreceptor reflex related properties, i.e. they were inhibited by stimulation of the aortic nerve; silenced by elevation of blood pressure and had a cardiac cycle related rhythm of spontaneous discharge. Responses of these neurons to tripled square wave stimulation of vagal afferents was tested by means of peristimulus time histograms. In addition to a long-lasting inhibition (I2), some neurons had one (P0) or two excitatory peaks ( @entity10298 ), and there was a short-lasting inhibition (I1) between @entity10298 . After microinjection of CPP (0.1 microl, 50 mM) into the NTS, the inhibitory responses were blocked, but the excitatory peaks were not affected; in the CVLM, CPP microinjection of the same dose had a similar effect on the responses elicited by vagal afferent stimulation in 15 of the 24 neurons tested. No detectable effects were observed in 9 neurons. However, intravenously administered @entity3652 attenuated or abolished these responses, either inhibitory or excitatory, in a dose dependent way. These results suggest: (1) an @entity143 mechanism is involved in both the inhibitory and the excitatory responses. For the inhibitory responses, the involvement is both in the NTS and in the CVLM; for the excitatory responses, it is probably in the RVLM. (2) There may be a direct excitatory @entity535 (EAA) pathway from the NTS to the RVLM.

title: Evidence that XXXX receptors mediate the responses of putative RVLM presympathetic neurons to vagal afferent stimulation in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: PURPOSE: This analysis was undertaken to review published reports of the comparative efficacy and safety of @entity750 -3 ( @entity19476 ) receptor antagonists in the prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy-induced @entity391 . METHODS: Comparison data used are the preclinical pharmacology as well as the design and results of clinical trials. Seven comparative studies that used @entity10442 , @entity3974 , or tropisetron in @entity1 who received either moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy are reviewed. As the study designs, @entity1 population, chemotherapy, antiemetic doses and schedule, and methods of assessment were slightly different, the results of each study are analyzed independently. Effectiveness is assessed by emetic episodes, @entity390 , and @entity1 preference. RESULTS: The preclinical pharmacologic profile is different among the @entity19476 antagonists in terms of potency, selectivity, dose response, and duration of action. The comparative clinical trials show that a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of @entity10442 3 mg is as effective as multiple (8 mg x 3) or single (32 mg) i.v. doses of @entity3974 for the prevention of acute @entity390 and @entity391 due to @entity900 . In the two moderately emetogenic clinical trials, @entity10442 3 mg i.v. was at least as effective as @entity3974 8 mg i.v. +/- 24 mg orally and @entity19473 5 mg i.v. @entity1 preference was evaluated in three of the four crossover trials: @entity10442 was preferred in three of four, and no preference was reported in the fourth. The one trial to compare @entity3974 0.15 mg/kg x 3 versus @entity10442 10 micrograms/kg x 1 or @entity10442 40 micrograms/kg i.v. demonstrated equivalent control of @entity390 and @entity391 in @entity1 who received @entity900 -based chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The @entity19476 receptor antagonists compared are highly effective antiemetic agents that have now become the standard of care for preventing chemotherapy-induced @entity391 . Whether the described preclinical differences among these agents are also clinically significant remains to be seen. In the comparative trials analyzed, the @entity19476 receptor antagonists demonstrated relatively equivalent clinical efficacy. Cost analysis may favor the use of one agent over another depending on the emetogenic challenge, dose of the @entity19476 antagonists, and number of doses recommended. @entity1 preference may be an important factor to be considered in future antiemetic trials.

title: Review of the preclinical pharmacology and comparative efficacy of @entity750 -3 receptor antagonists for chemotherapy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'emesis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['granisetron']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity19473 :: ('MESH:C045504', 'Chemical') :: ['tropisetron']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['emesis']


abstract: Forty mildly diabetic @entity1 , with a mean age of 49 +/- 9.7 years, and without clinical or exercise electrocardiographic evidence of @entity63 @entity299 , participated in a study consisting of exercise thallium-201 @entity296 and exercise radionuclide ventriculography. 1. Among the 40 @entity1 , 16 (40%) showed no filling defect (negative cases). Mild defects (mild cases) and moderate defects (moderate cases) were observed in 12 and 12 cases, respectively. 2. The percent washout ratio was decreased in none of the 16 negative cases, in three of the 12 mild cases, and in 11 of the 12 moderate cases. 3. There were no significant statistical differences in age, duration of @entity6 , fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, serum @entity165 , smoking or blood pressure. Percent of ideal body weight was greater in moderate cases (121 +/- 15%) compared to negative or mild cases (103 +/- 9%, 108 +/- 9%) (p less than 0.01). 4. The percent fractional shortening was decreased in mild cases and in moderate cases (34.6 +/- 6.3%, 32.6 +/- 8.4%) compared to negative cases (41.7 +/- 4.9%) (p less than 0.01). Weissler's index ( @entity7216 ) was higher in moderate cases (0.42 +/- 0.09) compared to negative or mild cases (0.35 +/- 0.05, 0.36 +/- 0.06) (p less than 0.05). 5. Left ventricular wall motion was abnormal on echocardiography in none of the 16 negative cases, in three of the 12 mild cases and in seven of the moderate cases. The site of echocardiographically abnormal wall motion coincided with the defect area on @entity296 in six cases, but not in four cases. 6. Radionuclide ventriculographic studies statistically showed no significant differences in ejection fraction (EF), 1/3EF, time to peak ejection (TPE), ejection time (ET), peak ejection rate (PER), 1/3 filling fraction (FF), 1/3 peak filling rate (PFR) and time to peak filling (TPF). The peak filling rate (PFR) at rest was significantly lower in mild cases (2.4 +/- 0.5 EDV/sec, p less than 0.025). Although the PFR at rest in moderate cases was lower than in negative cases (2.9 +/- 0.6 EDV/sec, 3.2 +/- 0.7 EDV/sec), no significant difference was shown between them. The rate of increase in cardiac output was significantly lower in moderate cases compared to mild cases and negative cases (59 +/- 28%, 96 +/- 49%, 97 +/- 31%, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Diabetic cardiomyopathy in mild XXXX : evaluation by thallium-201 scintigraphy and exercise radionuclide ventriculography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: A method for the use of a biotinylated antibody (DAKO-ER 1D5) to quantify @entity2931 receptors (ER) on @entity5 cells by flow cytometry is described. ER quantification was determined after treatment with @entity3857 rendering cells permeable to ER antibody. Use of dual parameter labelling was performed utilizing a @entity2823 -conjugated antibody (NCL-5D3) directed against @entity10585 /18. This allowed selection of @entity0 cells of epithelial origin by gating to exclude contaminating inflammatory and stromal cells. Use of such a gating technique was seen to identify cells with a higher level of ER expression. Using QC quantum bead standards, the number of ER binding sites per cell was assessed. Results were compared with conventional ER quantification using a radio-ligand binding assay. A high degree of correlation was found between the two methods. The flow cytometric method for ER quantification described is simple, rapid, and reproducible. The assay may be of particular value in measuring ER on urgent clinical samples. Advantages of this assay over the radio-ligand binding assay include reduction in use of radio-labelled @entity1496 compounds, a decrease in analysis time, and reduced cost and quantity of material needed for assay.

title: Use of the biotinylated antibody DAKO-ER 1D5 to measure @entity2931 receptor on cytokeratin positive cells obtained from primary XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this retrospective cephalometric study was to compare the stability of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy ( @entity18661 ) with @entity1697 (VRO) after correction of @entity3233 by means of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. METHODS: The sample comprised 51 consecutively treated @entity1 , 38 females and 13 males, with a mean age of 19.1 years. All had a one-piece Le Fort I osteotomy with maxillary advancement and mandibular setback. VRO was performed in 30 cases, and @entity18661 was performed in 21 cases. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before surgery, within 1 week of surgery and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: The mean forward movement of the maxilla was 5.6 mm in both groups (p<0.001). The mean horizontal surgical change in the VRO group was 4.4 mm (p<0.001), and in the @entity18661 group it was 5.4 mm (p<0.001). In the VRO group, the horizontal relapse was 1.2 mm (p<0.001), and in the @entity18661 group, it was 1.4 mm (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the stability between the @entity18661 and VRO groups. The average relapse in the whole sample was 26% of the surgical movement.

title: The stability of bilateral sagittal ramus osteotomy and vertical ramus osteotomy after bimaxillary correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3233 :: ('MESH:D008313', 'Disease') :: ['class III malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['extra-oral vertical ramus osteotomy']

answer: @entity3233 :: (MESH:D008313,Disease) :: ['class III malocclusion']


abstract: There has been a definite change in the natural history of @entity4034 . At the turn of the century the disease was most often seen in younger @entity1 , accompanied by a high incidence of @entity733 formation and associated with a high mortality rate. Today the disease is more commonly seen in the older age groups and is only occasionally characterized by @entity733 formation. In addition it tends to be of a lower grade inflammatory reaction and has a better prognosis. A @entity293 is a common pre-existing condition. Diagnosis may be difficult particularly before the onset of destructive changes radiologically at 8 to 12 weeks. Biopsy by either open or closed methods might be necessary to establishe the diagnosis and isolate the causative organism which is usually @entity794 . @entity281 is the most devastating complication, particularly if neglected. The duration of treatment is determined by following the clinical symptoms, sedimentation rate, temperature curve and interval radiological changes. The prognosis is good and most @entity1 will recover within one year.

title: XXXX : spectrum and natural history. A retrospective analysis of 37 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Epidural infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Vertebral body osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of lower @entity548 in the early perioperative period after @entity14 represents a life-threatening condition. The early treatment includes surgery or endoscopy, the latter being subject to complications associated with air insufflation and associated perforation. OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of early perioperative water-immersion endoscopy to treat the source of @entity548 in @entity1 having undergone @entity14 . DESIGN: To prospectively study @entity1 with active lower @entity548 early after @entity14 and subject them to therapeutic water-immersion endoscopy instead of surgery. SETTING: University referral center for digestive surgery and endoscopy. @entity1 : This study involved 2 @entity1 presenting with active lower @entity548 within 4 days after colorectal surgery. INTERVENTION: Instead of air insufflation during endoscopy, an underwater investigation was performed in each @entity1 after colonic water immersion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy of therapeutic endoscopy. RESULTS: Water-immersion endoscopy in each case allowed us to identify the location of the @entity254 and the source of active @entity548 . It allowed us to safely place clips on the active vessels and stop the @entity548 . LIMITATIONS: Number of @entity1 included, no comparison between conventional endoscopy and water-immersion endoscopy. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic as well as therapeutic water-immersion colonoscopy is safe in @entity1 presenting with active lower @entity548 in the early perioperative period after @entity14 .

title: Water-immersion sigmoidoscopy to treat @entity548 in the perioperative period after surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute GI bleeding', 'GI bleeding', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal anastomosis']


abstract: The range of behavioral changes occurring after @entity64 has not yet been fully characterized. To evaluate behavioral symptoms after @entity64 and clinical characteristics that may influence the number and frequency of such symptoms, we compared 53 survivors of mild @entity385 with 30 @entity64 -free controls. @entity64 survivor and control @entity1 completed self-ratings of behavioral symptoms and were administered measures of cognitive status (ie, Beck @entity308 Inventory II, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test). Informants of @entity64 survivors and controls completed ratings of behavioral symptoms and functional status (ie, @entity146 Inventory Questionnaire, Informant Questionnaire on @entity73 in the Elderly, and Functional Activities Questionnaire). More behavioral symptoms were observed in @entity64 survivors than in controls (mean [standard deviation] total number of symptoms on the @entity146 Inventory Questionnaire, 2.1 [2.0] vs 1.1 [1.5]; P = .02). Informants of @entity64 survivors were more likely to recognize behavioral symptoms than were @entity64 survivors themselves. Higher initial @entity64 severity was associated with more behavioral symptoms. With more behavioral symptoms, there was more functional impairment. Our findings suggest that behavioral symptoms can have unique and troublesome effects on @entity64 @entity1 . Future research is needed to understand how the identification of behavioral symptoms after @entity64 can improve care in @entity64 survivors.

title: Behavioral symptoms in long-term survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive Decline']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate intravesical @entity136 in high-risk nonmuscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) refractory to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG). This was a prospective multicentre single-arm trial. Eligible @entity1 were those with high-risk NMIBC refractory to BCG therapy, for which radical cystectomy was indicated but not conducted because of @entity1 refusal or ineligibility. @entity1 received intravesical @entity136 twice weekly at a dose of 2000 mg/50 ml for 6 weeks, and then weekly for 3 weeks at 3, 6, and 12 months. Outcome measures were recurrence rate, time to first recurrence, progression rate and complications. Twenty @entity1 were enrolled and included in the analysis. Median follow-up was 15.2 months. Fifty-five percent (11 @entity1 ) developed disease recurrence. Mean time to the first recurrence was 3.5 months and 45% (five @entity1 ) of recurring @entity1 had disease progression. Overall, treatment was well tolerated. Urinary symptoms represented the primary adverse events. The role of @entity136 used as second-line treatment in high-risk BCG-refractory NMIBC @entity1 who refused or were unsuitable for radical cystectomy remains to be defined. Further clinical research in this area is needed.

title: Is @entity136 an option in BCG-refractory nonmuscle-invasive XXXX ? A single-arm prospective trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: The type D subfamily of retroviruses contains five distinct viruses which are found in New and Old World monkeys. The retroviruses found in Old World macaque (genus Macaca) monkeys are exogenous to the species and upon injection induce a fatal @entity17556 ( @entity17556 ). Two serotypes of type @entity17557 , @entity17556 retrovirus types 1 and 2 (SRV-1 and SRV-2), are found in captive macaques in primate centres in the United States. In addition to @entity17556 , two @entity5 , @entity81 ( @entity81 ) and subcutaneous @entity1492 (SF), have been found in macaques with type D retrovirus-induced @entity17556 . Only SRV-2 is found in association with @entity81 , and only about 35% of SRV-2-infected macaques develop @entity81 . SF is found in association with both serotypes, but less than 5% of infected monkeys develop SF. The @entity81 in macaques is potentially a model for @entity1 disease since the lesions in macaques are similar to the idiopathic @entity81 described in @entity1 . Thus far, @entity81 has not been found in species other than macaque or @entity1 . The complete sequence of three type D retroviruses is known. Importantly, no oncogenes are present in the viral genome. Therefore, the mechanisms for @entity5 induction which involve immunosuppressive or genetic properties of the virus that are distinct from classic oncogenes must be considered.

title: Mesenchymal XXXX associated with type D retroviruses in macaques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity17556 :: ('MESH:D016097', 'Disease') :: ['simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome', 'SAIDS']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'retroperitoneal fibromatosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: @entity1877 -acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) activity was surveyed in segments of cranial arteries--both cerebral and extracerebral--from the cat. High levels were found in pial arteries, both cerebral and cerebellar, and in the arteries to salivary glands, tongue, and nose. Intermediate levels were found in the external and internal maxillary arteries and many of their branches. Enzyme levels in the arteries supplying the head--common carotid, vertebral, and in several systemic arteries and veins and also the lingual vein--were probably not significant. Only those vessels that have higher @entity4268 contents show capacity for @entity6011 . The dilation of segments of a number of these arteries, the basilar, middle cerebral, lingual, and internal maxillary, is reduced significantly by @entity3897 (5 X 10(-7) M). @entity4268 activity did not correlate with vessel @entity1063 content. The data may be interpreted as defining a functional vasodilator system to the head encompassing both cerebral and extracerebral arteries that depends in part on a functional cholinergic link involving a muscarinic receptor. It is separate from the adrenergic outflow. The tissues supplied by vasculature receiving this type of innervation are of ectodermal origin.

title: Distribution of @entity1877 acetyltransferase in cerebral and extracerebral cranial arteries of the cat. Its relationship to neurogenic XXXX -sensitive dilation.

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: The @entity20423 beta-glucosidase B was purified to homogeneity in its recombinant form from @entity526 . The purification protocol included ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and @entity692 chromatography. The polypeptide was found to have a molecular mass of 84,000 daltons and a pI of 4.4. There was a differential effect of temperature on the aryl-beta-glucosidase and cellobiase activities of the purified protein. The cellobiase activity had an optimum of 45 degrees C, and aryl-beta-glucosidase 60 degrees C. Both activities had an optimum pH of 5.6, although the aryl-beta-glucosidase had a secondary peak at 7.0. Both activities were stimulated by divalent cations and DTT, but inhibited by @entity1432 reagents. The enzyme was found to have a broad substrate specificity. Using @entity8692 as substrate and a temperature of 45 degrees C, the Km and Vmax values were 1.6 mM and 5.5 U mg-1 respectively. The aryl-beta-glucosidase when assayed against pNP glucopyranoside and a temperature of 60 degrees C had Km and Vmax of 2.9 mM and 1.1 U mg-1 respectively. The enzyme was very stable at 45 degrees C, but rapidly inactivated at 60 degrees C.

title: Purification and properties of the XXXX bglB gene product expressed in @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity20423 :: ('1515', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium thermocellum']

entities_list: @entity8692 :: ('MESH:D002475', 'Chemical') :: ['cellobiose']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity20423 :: (1515,Species) :: ['Clostridium thermocellum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tendon healing differs between the sexes. Comparisons in outcome between the sexes after an @entity397 are often not possible because of the small cohort (<20%) of @entity1 . PURPOSE: To evaluate whether there are any differences in outcome between the sexes by combining the data from 2 large randomized controlled trials that used identical outcome measures. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Included in the evaluation were @entity1 from 2 consecutive randomized controlled trials comparing surgical and nonsurgical treatment performed at our research laboratory. @entity1 who had a rerupture were excluded from analysis. A total of 182 @entity1 (152 males, 30 females), with mean    SD age of 40    11 years, were included; 94 (76 males, 18 females) were treated with surgery and 88 (76 males, 12 females) nonsurgically. @entity1 -reported outcome was evaluated using the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), and the functional outcome was measured with a heel-rise test (measurement of muscular endurance and heel-rise height) at 6 and 12 months after injury. RESULTS: Male @entity1 had a greater improvement in heel-rise height at 12 months (P = .004). When each treatment group was analyzed separately, it was found that female @entity1 had significantly (P < .03) more symptoms after surgical treatment (mean    SD ATRS, 59    24) compared with males at 6 (73    19) and 12 months (74    27 vs 86.5    17). This sex difference was not found in the nonsurgical treatment group. For the entire group, there were no significant differences between treatments on ATRS at 6 and 12 months. The surgical group had significantly better results compared with the nonsurgical group in heel-rise endurance at 6 and 12 months and in heel-rise height recovery at 6 months (P < .03 for both). CONCLUSION: Sex differences were demonstrated, and female @entity1 had a greater degree of @entity51 height as compared with males, irrespective of treatment. Females had more symptoms after surgery both at 6 and 12 months, but this difference was not found when treated nonsurgically. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Further research is needed to determine whether @entity1 will benefit more from nonsurgical compared with surgical treatment after an @entity397 .

title: Sex Differences in Outcome After an Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in heel-rise']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Achilles Tendon Rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity393 are both highly prevalent in older adult populations, but how the impact of @entity6 on hearing varies by age is not well-studied. MATERIAL/METHODS: The subjects were 2306 adults aged 40 to 86 years who participated in a population-based study of aging, and were divided into 2 age groups, 40-64 years and 65-86 years, for cross-sectional analysis. Air-conduction pure-tone thresholds at octave intervals from 125 to 8000 Hz were obtained. Outcomes were categorized in relation to presence or absence of @entity6 . Hearing levels at 7 frequencies were set in the general linear model as objective variables with adjustment for confounders. Explanatory variables were age (<65 years vs. > or =65 years), @entity6 (absence vs. presence), and interaction between age and @entity6 . RESULTS: A statistically-significant adverse effect of @entity6 on hearing was observed. This effect varied by age at the higher frequencies. The @entity6 -age interaction was not synergistic at any test frequencies. No significant effects of the @entity6 -age interaction were observed below 4000 Hz. In contrast, significant reciprocal effects of the @entity6 -by-age interaction were found at 4000 Hz and 8000 Hz. @entity6 may accordingly affect higher-frequency hearing more strongly in the younger age-bracket. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity6 detrimentally affected hearing in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly @entity1 , and that the effect of @entity6 on higher-frequency hearing might be stronger in middle age. Screening for @entity393 in @entity6 @entity1 may provide benefits for intervention or prevention of early presbycusis, particularly in this age group.

title: Diabetes reduces auditory sensitivity in middle-aged listeners more than in elderly listeners: a population- based study of age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate visual outcome in @entity1 with @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) treated microsurgically using the frontolateral or fronto-orbital approach and optic canal unroofing to resect @entity5 involvement of the optic canal. METHODS: Data from 67 @entity1 with TSMs who underwent microsurgical treatment by a frontolateral approach (n=44) or fronto-orbital approach (n=23) between January 2002 and December 2008 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Change in visual function was evaluated as the main outcome. RESULTS: Total @entity5 resection was achieved in 62 of 67 cases (92.4%). Postoperative, visual acuity was improved in 87 eyes (64.9%) and unchanged in 39 eyes (29.1%), and the optic nerve was therefore preserved in 126 of 134 eyes (94.0%). @entity227 were improved or stable in 65 eyes, no @entity1 experienced worsening of @entity227 . There was no mortality in our series. CONCLUSIONS: The frontolateral approach with microsurgical dissection of the Sylvian fissure provides quick access to TSMs, which can be resected safely and totally. Visual function is improved and neurological and ophthalmological morbidity is minimal. Optic nerve decompression by intradural clinoidectomy and optic canal unroofing is likely to increase the rate of reducing or eliminating preoperative @entity227 .

title: Microsurgical management of tuberculum sellae XXXX by the frontolateral approach: surgical technique and visual outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculum sellae meningioma', 'TSM']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual field deficits', 'visual symptoms', 'vision in both eyes']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5274 after hysterectomy is a rare but known complication. Cases of prolapse of the fallopian tube through the vaginal vault have been reported after abdominal, vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomies. This is the first case report to the best of our knowledge on the prolapse of a fallopian tube through an abdominal wound after caesarean section. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of the prolapse of the fimbrial end of a fallopian tube through an abdominal scar after caesarean section mimicking @entity46 . A 24-year-old primipara South Asian @entity1 of Punjabi ethnicity presented to our institute with a fleshy mass protruding through her abdominal scar and @entity548 from the mass during menstruation for the past 5 months. She underwent a caesarean section 6 months earlier for breech presentation. Her history revealed she had wound dehiscence on the sixth postoperative day. The major portion of her wound healed in 1 month leaving a 2 cm area in the middle of her vertical scar. An abdominal examination revealed a 2*2 cm fleshy mass protruding through the middle part of her infraumbilical abdominal scar. At the time of the surgery we found that the fimbrial end of her @entity5274 was protruding through her abdominal scar. CONCLUSION: Awareness of this complication may prevent improper management of wound dehiscence and such complication causing prolonged agony to the @entity1 .

title: XXXX through abdominal wound after caesarean section mimicking @entity46 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['left fallopian tube', 'Prolapse of the fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['scar endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['Prolapse of fallopian tube']


abstract: In summary, the ingestion by adult @entity1 of an all-plant diet supplying 46 gm. protein per day, primarily as bread made from white @entity3505 four, over a period of 74 days, resulted in positive balances for @entity920 , @entity68 , @entity5334 , @entity4259 , and @entity219 . @entity68 balances were significantly decreased by the isonitrogenous substitution of pinto beans or peanut butter for 20 percent of the @entity1568 supplied by white bread. When pinto beans or white @entity579 substituted for 20 percent of the @entity1568 of white bread, the retention of @entity5334 was lower and the retention of @entity4259 was greater. Although the @entity1 were @entity1568 balance and total plasma protein concentrations were normal, the ingestion of diets providing 46 gm. protein, from all-plant sources resulted in significantly lower plasma albumin, with corresponding elevations in alpha, beta and gamma globulins. However, the substitution of pinto beans for a portion of the white bread improved plasma albumin and alpha-globulin levels. Routine clinical data obtained on @entity1 who previously consumed strictly vegetarian diets should include determinations of plasma albumin. The ability of the subjects to maintain @entity1568 balance on protein intakes of 46 gm. per day from all-plant sources appeared to be correlated with decreases in the urinary excretion and plasma concentration of @entity17691 , a metabolite of @entity1853 and @entity1889 , suggesting conservation of @entity1853 or re-utilization of this metabolite. The possible mechanism of this adaptation to minimal protein intake, or dietary protein from all-plant sources, is discussed.

title: Trace minerals, amino acids, and plasma proteins in adult @entity1 fed XXXX diets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5334 :: ('MESH:D008982', 'Chemical') :: ['molybdenum']

entities_list: @entity17691 :: ('MESH:C012223', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 40 Background: Sipuleucel-T (SipT) prolongs survival of @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 ( @entity263 ). We prospectively collected CTC, LDH, and inflammatory markers as part of an audit to investigate changes after SipT treatment compared to baseline. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity263 had blood drawn routinely before and after SipT treatment. CTC were run using Veridex assay. LDH, @entity1851 (CRP) and @entity6393 (b2m) were measured in a reference lab. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare pre- and post-treatment (median 3.5 weeks after final infusion) levels. RESULTS: 61 @entity1 received SipT at USC from June 2010 to July 2012 and were included in the analysis. Median pre-SipT @entity7735 level was 24.9 and 47% had Gleason 8-9; 20% had received chemotherapy. 18 @entity1 had detectable CTCs pre SipT (range 1-170). CTC count declined in 7 @entity1 , increased in 6 @entity1 , and stayed stable in 2 @entity1 (3 inevaluable); in 3 cases the change crossed @entity1 over from unfavorable ( >5) to favorable count. @entity7735 declines were noted in 10 @entity1 (16.4%) ranging from -0.5% to 99%. Change in CTC and @entity7735 was discordant in 4 cases of 13. When CTC stayed stable @entity7735 increased in 5 and decreased in 5 cases. Median CRP was 0.5 pre and 0.23 post SipT (p=0.025) and b2m was 1.74 pre and 2.01 post (p=0.02). Increased CRP was correlated with decreased CTC (r=0.7, p=0.003 Spearman test) but b2m changes were not (r=0.45, p=0.08 Spearman) and there was no correlation between changes in the @entity32 markers and @entity7735 decline. LDH did not change significantly. The relationship between infusion reaction, @entity1712 and inflammatory markers will be presented. CONCLUSIONS: We found that CTC counts can decline after SipT treatment, including conversion from unfavorable to favorable range, and can change independently of @entity7735 . Correlation of CTCs with outcomes in a prospective study is warranted to explore this as a potential biomarker. [Table: see text].

title: Changes in circulating tumor cells (CTC) and markers of XXXX after sipuleucel-T treatment.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castrate-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate fixation pattern and retinal sensitivity in @entity1 with @entity3193 ( @entity3193 ). METHODS: Twenty-eight eyes (14 @entity1 ) with @entity3193 were evaluated. Best-corrected visual acuity, color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and @entity941 and @entity3194 angiography were performed. Microperimetry was used to assess fixation pattern and retinal sensitivity. RESULTS: Of 28 eyes, 16 (57%) had central, one (4%) poor central, and 11 (39%) eccentric fixation; and 18 (64%) had stable, four (14%) relatively unstable, and six (21%) unstable fixation. In @entity1 with posterior pole symmetrically involved in both eyes, the better eye had stable and central fixation in all cases. @entity66 were characterized by a dense @entity1019 in all cases, with a relative @entity1019 at their margins in ten eyes (38%). In two cases of active disease, a dense @entity1019 correlated to an active lesion could be detected. A relative @entity1019 was documented in areas not involved by the disease at the posterior pole in eight eyes (28%), and in the peripapillary area in 11 eyes (39%). CONCLUSIONS: Quantification of retinal sensitivity and fixation pattern by microperimetry offers new data about the impact of @entity227 in @entity1 with @entity3193 . A reduction of retinal sensitivity in an apparently healthy area suggests a wider functional involvement of the retina, undetectable by morphologic evaluation alone.

title: Retinal function in XXXX with @entity3193 : a microperimetry study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['SC', 'serpiginous choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The pathological mechanism of @entity2553 following @entity510 has not been well clarified until now. There have been reports that denervation supersensitivity in cerebral vessels occurring after @entity510 may possible play a role in the appearance of @entity2553 . On the other hand, we have accepted that @entity7672 (Oxy-Hb) is an important spasmogenic substance. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chemical denervation ( @entity2515 or @entity2955 : @entity2955 ) and surgical denervation (bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy: SCG) on the constrictive sensitivity of cat basilar arteries to @entity1063 (Nor) and @entity7672 (Oxy-Hb) in situ. METHOD: Adult @entity468 were anesthetized with intramuscular pentobarbital and maintained on a respirator through a tracheostomy. By the transclival approach, the basilar artery was exposed. A cannula was then inserted into the subarachnoid space, and through it, Oxy-Hb and Nor were injected. The sequential changes in caliber of the basilar artery were measured using photography. SCG was done 7 days before the application of Nor or Oxy-Hb and 14 days before application of Oxy-Hb. Pretreatment with @entity2515 was done as follows: 1 mg/kg of @entity2515 was injected subcutaneously once each day for 2 days. On the following day, the sensitivity of the basilar arteries to Nor or Oxy-Hb was assessed. Pretreatment with @entity2955 was done as follows: 5 mg of @entity2955 was dissolved in 1.0 ml of artificial CSF, and then injected into the cisterna magna. Seven days later, Nor or Oxy-Hb was applied. RESULTS: Pretreatment with @entity2515 tended to increase the vasoconstriction induced by 10(-7)-10(-4) M of Nor and the constriction induced by 10(-3) M of Nor was increased statistically (P less than 0.05). Cisterna magna injection of @entity2955 tended to increase the vasoconstriction induced by Nor. SGG tended to increase the vasoconstriction induced by 10(-7)-10(-4) M of Nor and at a dose of 10(-3) M of Nor, the constriction of the basilar arteries was increased statistically (P less than 0.05). However, pretreatment with @entity2515 , @entity2955 and SCG did not increase the vasoconstriction induced by Oxy-Hb. These results lead us to suggest that denervation supersensitivity does not participate in the vasoconstriction induced by Oxy-Hb.

title: [Experimental XXXX induced by @entity7672 and the sympathetic nervous system (Part 2): An investigation into denervation supersensitivity].

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasospasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3603 Background: The variable number of tandem repeat of the @entity1950 promoter gene (mainly 2 or 3 28bp repeats) has been shown to influence response to @entity1487 therapy. Because @entity1950 is located on chromosome 18p11.32, a region frequently lost in @entity14 , the impact of @entity74 needs to be taken into account to assess the predictive value of @entity1950 genotype for @entity5 response to @entity1487 in advanced @entity14 . METHODS: @entity1950 polymorphism was determined in both normal and @entity5 tissues obtained from 56 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 (37 males, median age 54.5 yrs) treated with @entity1487 as first line chemotherapy. In order to discriminate 2R/loss and 3R/loss @entity1950 genotypes from 2R/2R and 3R/3R, respectively, 18p allelic loss was analyzed in @entity5 tissues, using polymorphic markers located in the region of @entity1950 . RESULTS: In normal tissue, the distribution of @entity1950 genotype was: 2R/2R, 16% (n=9); 2R/3R, 47% (n=27); 3R/3R, 35% (n=20). Objective response rate (ORR) to @entity1487 was 39%. The ORR was not different between the 3R/3R (50%), 2R/3R (37%), and 2R/2R (22%) genotypes. When @entity1950 polymorphism was studied in primary @entity5 (n=32), a better ORR was observed in @entity1 with 3R/3R genotype (56%) compared to @entity1 with 2R/3R and 2R/2R genotypes (22% and 0%, respectively; p=0.06). When loss of @entity1950 was considered, ORR was significantly better in @entity1 with 3R/3R genotype (60%) compared to @entity1 with either 3R/loss -2R/3R (35%) or 2R/2R -2R/loss (0%) genotypes (p=0.03). Conversely, ORR was not correlated to the @entity1950 genotype in @entity3 (n=24), whatever loss of @entity1950 was considered or not. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1950 polymorphism in primary @entity5 may predict response to @entity1487 in advanced @entity14 when loss of @entity1950 is considered. Specifically, the corrected 3R/3R @entity1950 genotype is associated with a better response to @entity1487 first line chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Predictive value of thymidylate synthase (ts) gene polymorphism for response to XXXX in advanced @entity14 ( @entity14 ): Role of chromosome 18p allelic loss.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['TS allelic imbalance']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-FU']


abstract: We report an operated case of a @entity439 of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). An 18-year-old @entity1 presenting with a 6-month history of severe left temporal @entity10 was admitted to our department. On admission, MRI revealed a @entity66 measuring 45 mm in diameter in the @entity75 . A left carotid angiogram revealed @entity384 and @entity850 in the M2 portion of the left MCA, which was diagnosed as a giant fusiform dissecting @entity439 . An intracarotid amobarbital test (Wada test)demonstrated @entity63 tolerance to occlusion of the parent artery. Spontaneous occlusion of the parent artery and obliteration of the @entity438 incidentally occurred 15 days after admission. Follow-up 3D-CT angiography revealed recurrence of the @entity384 in the same segment of the artery 6 days after the spontaneous obliteration. The lesion was then successfully resected without revascularization. Histopathological examination revealed a pseudolumen and loss of the three-layer structure of the aneurysmal wall. The postoperative course was uneventful and the @entity1 was discharged without @entity51 . We present the case report and a review of the literature.

title: [An operated case of a XXXX of the middle cerebral artery with alternating radiological findings within a short period].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['giant fusiform aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal lesion']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['giant fusiform aneurysm']


abstract: The Hox gene products are transcription factors involved in specifying regional identity along the anteroposterior body @entity2270 . In the @entity19 , several single mutants for Hox genes show variably penetrant, partial homeotic transformations of vertebrae at their anterior limits of expression, suggesting that compound Hox mutants might show more complete transformations with greater penetrance than the single Hox mutants. Compound mutants for the paralogous group 3 genes, @entity12615 and @entity12616 , show deletion of a cervical vertebrae, which is not readily interpretable in terms of an alteration in regional identity. Here, we report the skeletal phenotypes of compound mutants in the group 4 Hox genes, @entity12617 , @entity12618 , and @entity12619 . @entity19 mutant for each of these genes were intercrossed to generate the three possible double mutant combinations and the triple mutant. In contrast to the @entity12615 , @entity12616 double mutants, group 4 Hox compound mutants displayed clear alterations in regional identity, including a nearly complete transformation of the second cervical vertebrae toward the morphology of the first cervical vertebra in one double mutant combination. In comparing the types of homeotic transformations observed, different double mutant combinations showed different degrees of synergism. These results suggest a certain degree of functional redundancy among paralogous genes in specifying regional identity. Furthermore, there was a remarkable dose-dependent increase in the number of vertebrae transformed to a first cervical vertebra identity, including the second through the fifth cervical vertebrae in the triple mutant. Thus, these genes are required in a larger anteroposterior domain than is revealed by the single mutant phenotypes alone, such that multiple mutations in these genes result in transformations of vertebrae that are not at their anterior limit of expression.

title: Compound mutants for the paralogous XXXX , @entity12618 , and @entity12619 genes show more complete homeotic transformations and a dose-dependent increase in the number of vertebrae transformed.

answer: @entity12617 :: (15401(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['hoxa-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2764 -dependent @entity302 is a rare @entity74 . Untreated @entity1 suffer from a progressive @entity75 with @entity1032 , @entity302 , and progressive neurological signs and symptoms. Lifelong supplementation with @entity2245 is the treatment of choice. However, despite early treatment, many @entity1 develop @entity1032 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of @entity2227 as an excitatory neurotransmitter and neurotoxin in @entity2764 -dependent @entity302 . METHODS: We examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of @entity2227 , @entity1246 , and @entity2707 in a @entity1 with @entity2764 dependency while on and off @entity2245 treatment. RESULTS: Off @entity2245 the @entity2227 level was two hundred times normal. An intermediate dose of @entity2245 (5 mg/kg BW/day) caused normalization of the EEG and remission of the @entity410 , but the CSF @entity2227 concentration was still ten times normal. With a higher dose of @entity2764 (10 mg/kg BW/day) the CSF @entity367 normalized. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that control of @entity302 might not suffice as the therapeutic aim in treating of @entity2764 dependency. In view of the evidence for the role of excitatory @entity1522 in destruction of CNS nerve cells, the optimal treatment must counteract the raised levels of CSF @entity2227 and the dosage of @entity2245 must be adjusted accordingly. The development of @entity1032 might theoretically be prevented by adjusting the dose of @entity2245 to achieve not only remission of @entity302 but also normalization of CSF @entity2227 .

title: @entity2227 in @entity2764 -dependent @entity302 : neurotoxic XXXX concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid and its normalization by @entity2764 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyridoxine', 'pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ["pyridoxal-5'-phosphate"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urban agriculture is an important livelihood strategy to increase access to and availability of food in urban settings. OBJECTIVE: We examined the impact of sociodemographic and farming variables on the household food security and nutritional security of an index @entity1 aged 2 to 5 years. Our hypothesis was that dietary quality (percentage of energy from animal-source foods [%ASF] and dietary diversity) would have an impact on infection (as measured by @entity1851 [CRP]), which in turn would have an impact on biochemical indices (hemoglobin and retinol) and anthropometric indices ( @entity353 [ @entity353 ] and body mass index z-score [ZBMI]). We examined the relationships among urban agricultural activities, household food security, and @entity1 nutritional security. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 296 households within each randomly selected study zone in Kampala, Uganda. Correlations were calculated and bivariate and exploratory path analysis was conducted to explore relationships. RESULTS: Household food security score was significantly positively correlated with the number of tropical livestock units (r = 0.142, p = .017), dietary diversity (r = 0.230, p < .001), %ASF (r = 0.185, p = .002), and @entity353 (r = 0.149, p = .017). Exploratory path analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between household food security and %ASF, which in turn was positively associated with @entity904 . Consumption of animal-source food was significantly negatively associated with @entity1851 level, which in turn was significantly negatively associated with hemoglobin level, and hemoglobin was significantly positively associated with @entity353 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are supportive of efforts to enhance access to land for urban farming and engagement in activities aimed at improving the quality of dietary intake of urban residents, in particular by increasing consumption of animal-source foods.

title: Food and nutritional security of XXXX of urban farmers in Kampala, Uganda.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WAZ', 'weight-for-age z-score']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a culture method for expansion of corneal endothelial cells (CEC) based on the combined activation of PI3K/Akt and @entity18088 . Methods: Morphology, proliferation, and migration of cultured @entity95 and nonhuman primate CEC were examined in the presence of the PI3K/Akt activators @entity2503 and heregulin beta in combination with the @entity18088 activator activin A. Phenotypic characterization of CEC was performed at the RNA and protein levels. Cell pump function and transepithelial electric resistance were used for in vitro functional assessment of CEC. Finally, ex vivo-expanded @entity95 CEC were transplanted into a model of endothelial damage in @entity95 corneas. Results: Treatment of @entity95 and nonhuman primate CEC in vitro with @entity2503 , heregulin beta, and activin A induced an upregulation of PI3K/Akt and @entity18088 signaling pathways and an increase in proliferation and migration of CEC expressing ZO-1, @entity1006 , and @entity4024 / @entity3529 -ATPase. Cell pump function evaluation revealed the complete functionality of cultured CEC. Injection of @entity95 CEC successfully produced recovery of normal corneal thickness in a @entity95 model of @entity409 . Conclusions: We demonstrated that the combined activation of PI3K/Akt and @entity18088 results in in vitro expansion of phenotypic and functional CEC. Expanded cells were able to contribute to restoration of corneal endothelium in a @entity95 model. These findings may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating @entity2687 .

title: Combined PI3K/Akt and XXXX Activation Promotes Corneal Endothelial Cell Proliferation.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal endothelial diseases']

answer: @entity18088 :: (100359137(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['Smad2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to measure @entity683 vaccination coverage rates in the general population, including @entity1 , and in high-risk groups of five European countries during the season 2007/2008. An additional aim was to analyze coverage trends over seven consecutive seasons and to gain an understanding of the primary drivers and barriers to immunization. METHODS: Community-based telephone and mail surveys have been conducted in the UK, Germany, Italy, France, and Spain, yearly, since 2001/2002. Approximately 2,000 individuals per country and season were interviewed who were considered to be representative of the adult population aged 14 years and older. Data on the vaccination status of @entity1 were obtained by proxy interviews. The questionnaire used was essentially the same for all seven seasons. Five target groups were identified for the study: (1) @entity1 aged > or = 65 years; (2) elderly suffering from a @entity102 ; (3) @entity1 suffering from a @entity102 ; (4) @entity1 working in the health care sector; (5) @entity1 . RESULTS: In the season 2007/2008, vaccination coverage rates in the general population remained stable in Germany. Compared to the coverage rates of the previous season, increases of 3.7%, 2.0%, and 1.8% were observed for the UK, Spain, and France, respectively, while a decrease of -1.5% was observed for Italy. Across all five countries, vaccination rates in the predefined target groups decreased to some extent (elderly) or increased slightly (chronically ill and health care workers). Vaccination rates among @entity1 varied strongly between countries and ranged from 6.1% in UK to 19.3% in Germany. The most powerful motivation for getting vaccinated in all countries was advice from a family doctor (58.6%) and the perception of @entity683 as a serious illness (51.9%). The major reasons why individuals did not become vaccinated were (1) the feeling of not being likely to catch @entity683 (39.5%) and (2) never having considered the option of being vaccinated (35.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The change in general @entity683 vaccination coverage in the 2007/2008 season compared to the previous season was small, but decreases were seen in some target groups. The underlying motivations for and against vaccination did not substantially change. An effort to activate those driving forces that would encourage vaccination as well as dealing with barriers that tend to prevent it may help enhance coverage rates in Europe in the future.

title: Disparities in XXXX vaccination coverage rates by target group in five European countries: trends over seven consecutive seasons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: The present study describes a cytochemical approach to demonstrate @entity1 @entity0 cells in cryosections and in primary monolayer cultures from surgical biopsies. The material consisted of biopsies from 52 @entity189 and 29 benign lesions. Cryosections and cultures were incubated to demonstrate @entity1110 -neotetrazolium reductase in an atmosphere of 99.5% @entity26 . Incubation time and section thickness were adjusted to accomplish the same level of reaction in cells of cryosections and corresponding cultures. Positive reaction was thus confined to epithelial elements and to the wall of some smaller blood vessels. More than one-half of the @entity189 cells showed moderate to strong reaction in cryosections from 29 of 52 @entity189 whereas no reaction was seen in ductules of normal appearance adjacent to these @entity189 cells. Positive reaction was seen in epithelial cell islets in primary cultures of 16 of the 40 @entity189 cultured. In cryosections from @entity1557 and @entity3923 specimens only apocrine metaplasia consistently showed positive reactions compared with less than 10% of other ductular profiles in a given cryosection. This pattern of reaction was reflected in the derived primary cultures in which positive reaction was found in epithelial cell islets in only one of 19 biopsies cultured. The presence of @entity1 milk fat globule membrane antigen was used to demonstrate the epithelial nature of the cell islets seen in cultures of biopsies from both @entity189 . @entity1110 -neotetrazolium reductase positive islets from @entity189 biopsies were frequently aneuploid whereas most negative islets from @entity189 biopsies were diploid as were all islets from benign tissues.

title: Demonstration of @entity1 XXXX cells in cryosections and primary monolayer cultures of surgical biopsies by neotetrazolium reductase cytochemistry.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'benign lesions and carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['fibrocystic disease']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Previous studies using single-unit recording techniques have shown that the inferior colliculus is critical for @entity410 in @entity74 -prone @entity35 (GEPR). In order to investigate cellular abnormalities that may be important in causing audiogenic @entity410 susceptibility, intracellular recordings were made from neurons of inferior colliculus dorsal cortex (ICd) in a GEPR variety that exhibits severe @entity410 (GEPR-9). GEPR neuronal membrane and synaptic properties were compared to those of normal @entity35 (SD), the strain from which GEPR were derived. We found six electrophysiological differences between GEPR and normal SD ICd neurons, all of which could promote @entity410 in GEPR. (1) Input resistance was higher in GEPR than in normal ICd neurons. (2) Threshold for repetitive action potential firing was closer to resting membrane potential in GEPR ICd neurons. (3) GEPR neurons showed faster repetitive spike firing than normal SD neurons. (4) Anode break spikes occurred at the offset of a hyperpolarizing pulse more often in GEPR than in normal SD neurons. (5) Stimulation of the commissure of the inferior colliculus caused synaptic paired pulse inhibition in normal ICd neurons, but paired pulse facilitation was always observed in GEPR neurons. (6) In GEPR, a @entity302 event could be elicited by strong electrical stimulation of the commissure of the inferior colliculus. In normal SD @entity35 , similar @entity302 was seen only after application of @entity1027 or @entity143 . Our results suggest that both abnormal neuronal membrane properties and altered synaptic transmission are likely to contribute to @entity410 predisposition and @entity410 in GEPR.

title: Inferior colliculus neuronal membrane and synaptic properties in @entity74 -prone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'audiogenic seizure initiation', 'seizures', 'audiogenic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['large epileptiform depolarizing', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetically epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Gene expression profiling is an important tool to evaluate genetic heterogeneity in @entity189 and is useful to develop expression-based classifications for many types of @entity5 , as well as markers of disease outcome. In this study, we have investigated the expression profile of 22 genes involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway in 26 high-grade @entity43 (19 serous and 7 @entity1358 ). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering divided high-grade @entity43 into three groups. Although all @entity1358 clustered in one group, high-grade @entity189 were segregated into two separate groups with different prognosis (P=0.05). High expression of @entity522 , @entity9846 ( @entity9846 ) , @entity2451 , FAS, and @entity9459 mRNAs identified high-grade @entity189 with better prognosis. In multivariate analysis, these cluster groups were of prognostic significance independent of age, @entity5 size, and @entity5 stage (P=0.008). To validate the mRNA expression data, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of @entity522 and @entity9846 on a tissue microarray. Immunoreaction for @entity522 was concordant with the results obtained by mRNA expression analysis (Spearman r=0.762, P=0.000). @entity522 was exclusively expressed by the macrophages. Furthermore, co-expression of @entity522 and @entity9846 identified high-grade @entity189 with different prognosis (P=0.03). Our results suggest that there are different biological subtypes of high-grade @entity189 .

title: Gene expression analysis identifies two groups of XXXX with different prognosis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity9846 :: ('331', 'Gene') :: ['XIAP', 'X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether a bacteriophage antimicrobial-lock technique can reduce bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on indwelling central venous catheters in a @entity95 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cuffed central venous catheters were inserted into the jugular vein of female New Zealand White @entity95 under image guidance. Catheters were inoculated for 24 hours with broth culture of @entity3256 -sensitive @entity794 . The inoculum was aspirated, and @entity95 were randomly assigned to two equal groups for 24 hours: (i) untreated controls (heparinized saline lock), (ii) bacteriophage antimicrobial-lock (staphylococcal @entity13794 , propagated titer > 10(8)/mL). Blood cultures were obtained via peripheral veins, and the catheters were removed for quantitative culture and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Mean colony-forming units (CFU) per cm(2) of the distal catheter segment, as a measure of biofilm, were significantly decreased in experimental animals compared with controls (control, 1.2   10(5) CFU/cm(2); experimental, 7.6   10(3); P = .016). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that biofilms were present on the surface of five of five control catheters but only one of five treated catheters (P = .048). Blood culture results were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity95 model, treatment of infected central venous catheters with a bacteriophage antimicrobial-lock technique significantly reduced bacterial colonization and biofilm presence. Our data represent a preliminary step toward use of bacteriophage therapy for prevention and treatment of central @entity1212 .

title: Bacteriophage K antimicrobial-lock technique for treatment of @entity794 central XXXX : a leporine model efficacy analysis.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['venous catheter-associated infection']

entities_list: @entity13794 :: ('221915', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage K']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity1212 :: (MESH:D055499,Disease) :: ['venous catheter-related infection']


abstract: Fourteen Egyptian cottonseed varieties were analysed to study some properties of their lipids and proteins. Lipid contents of the kernels ranged from 29.0 to 35.1%. The mean value of the @entity1496 number was 110.9. The tested varieties showed little or no differences regarding to their @entity844 content. A slight higher proportion of @entity4722 was recorded for the @entity1674 whereas the polar lipids components contained a lower amount of this @entity1718 compared to that found in the total lipids. Protein contents in the examined varieties ranged from 32.3 to 37.9%. The amount of water-soluble protein ranged from 12.8 to 23.0% of the total protein. An almost complete recovery (94.5-100%) of the total protein was yielded when the extraction was performed with 0.02 N @entity6674 instead of water. The electrophoretic patterns of the water-soluble proteins gave only two bands, having a molecular weight between 14,000 and 25,000 dalton. A clear differentiation between the varieties was noticed when the alkaline soluble protein extracts were subjected to electrophoresis. Accordingly, the examined varieties were classified into five groups each of them having a similar spectrum.

title: Studies on Egyptian cottonseeds: XXXX -composition and protein patterns.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chylothorax after @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) repair contributes significantly to morbidity. Our aim was to identify factors contributing to chylothorax and effective treatment strategies. METHODS: We reviewed 171 @entity1 with @entity2914 from 1997 to 2008 and analyzed hernia characteristics, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use, operative details, and treatment approaches for chylothorax. RESULTS: Ten (7%) @entity1 developed chylothorax; all were left sided. Using univariate analysis, prenatal diagnosis, ECMO use, and patch repair were associated with development of chylothorax. Logistic regression analysis showed that patch repair was the only variable predictive of chylothorax (P = .028; confidence interval, 0.032-0.823). Although survival was not affected, @entity1 with chylothorax had a significant increase in ventilator days and length of stay (t = 3.57; P = .000; t = 2.74; P = .007). All received thoracostomy and total parenteral nutrition. Six @entity1 received octreotide, 5 of whom required pleurectomy because of failed medical management; the remaining @entity1 died of overwhelming @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of chylothorax at our institution was relatively low. Patch repair was associated with the formation of chylothorax. Morbidity was substantial, but survival was not significantly affected. Total parenteral nutrition and thoracostomy were appropriate initial treatments. @entity2390 was not an effective adjunct. Refractory cases were successfully treated with pleurectomy.

title: Chylothorax after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['Octreotide']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: @entity842 has emerged as one of the most important neurotransmitters mediating internal anal sphincter relaxation. The effect of @entity1242 , a @entity842 donor, on anal tone was examined. Maximum resting pressure, predominantly a function of the smooth muscle internal anal sphincter, was measured before and 20 min after application of 0.2 per cent @entity1242 ointment in ten @entity1 . Pressure decreased by a mean of 27 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval 18-36 per cent) (P = 0.0004) after administration of the drug. A further 20 @entity1 were then randomized to either active or placebo ointment. Anal pressure was significantly decreased (P = 0.002) in those who received 0.2 per cent @entity1242 , but there was no significant reduction in the control @entity1 . Mild @entity10 occurred in two @entity1 who were given the active preparation and in one who received placebo. Manometry was repeated 9h after application of @entity1242 and showed a sustained decrease in pressure in two @entity1 . Topical @entity1242 may have a role in the treatment of anal fissure, haemorrhoids, certain types of @entity1142 and anal @entity158 . It may also reduce injury to the internal sphincter during peranal operations.

title: 'Reversible chemical sphincterotomy' by local application of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relative influence of facilities and regions on the timing of dialysis initiation remains unknown. The purpose of the study is to determine the variation in @entity470 at dialysis initiation across dialysis facilities and geographic regions in Canada after accounting for @entity1 -level factors (case mix). DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: In total, 33,263 dialysis @entity1 with an @entity470 measure at dialysis initiation between January of 2001 and December of 2010 representing 63 dialysis facilities and 14 geographic regions were included in the study. Multilevel models and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the variation in timing of dialysis initiation by @entity470 at the @entity1 , facility, and geographic levels. RESULTS: The proportion initiating dialysis with an @entity470 >= 10.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) was 35.3%, varying from 20.1% to 57.2% across geographic regions and from 10% to 67% across facilities. In an unadjusted, intercept-only linear model, 90.7%, 6.6%, and 2.7% of the explained variability were attributable to @entity1 , facility, and geography, respectively. After adjustment for @entity1 and facility factors, 96.9% of the explained variability was attributable to @entity1 case mix, 3.1% was attributable to the facility, and 0.0% was attributable to the geographic region. These findings were consistent when the @entity470 was categorized as a binary variable (>= 10.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) or in an analysis limited to @entity1 with >3 months of predialysis care. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 characteristics accounted for the majority of the explained variation regarding the @entity470 at the initiation of dialysis. There was a small amount of variation at the facility level and no variation among geographic regions that was independent of @entity1 - and facility-level factors.

title: Variation in the Level of XXXX at Dialysis Initiation across Dialysis Facilities and Geographic Regions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['eGFR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of two adjuvant therapy regimens in improving surgical cure rates in stage III (Dukes stage C) @entity694 . DESIGN: Randomized, concurrently controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Major @entity5 centers, universities, and community clinics affiliated with the North Cancer Treatment Group, the Southwest Oncology Group, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. @entity1 : Those who had had curative-intent resections of @entity5 in the previous 1 to 5 weeks. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were assigned to observation only, to @entity7305 alone (50 mg orally three times/d for 3 days, repeated every 2 weeks for 1 year), or to this regimen of @entity7305 plus @entity1487 (450 mg/m2 body surface area intravenously daily for 5 days and then, beginning at 28 days, weekly for 48 weeks). MEASUREMENTS: Rates of @entity5 recurrence and @entity204 . Early- and late-treatment side effects. RESULTS: With all 929 eligible @entity1 able to be followed for 5 years or more (median follow-up, 6.5 years), @entity1487 plus @entity7305 reduced the recurrence rate by 40% (P < 0.0001) and the @entity204 rate by 33% (P = 0.0007). @entity7305 reduced the recurrence rate by only 2% and the @entity204 rate by only 6%. With few exceptions, @entity137 was mild and @entity1 compliance was excellent. No evidence of late side effects was seen. CONCLUSION: @entity1487 plus @entity7305 is tolerable adjuvant therapy to surgery; it has been confirmed to substantially increase cure rates for @entity1 with high-risk (stage III) @entity694 . It should be considered standard treatment for all such @entity1 not entered into clinical trials.

title: XXXX plus @entity7305 as effective adjuvant therapy after resection of @entity5 : a final report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['Levamisole', 'levamisole']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', 'Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['Fluorouracil']


abstract: Several approaches may be suggested for prevention or treatment of @entity170 . In elderly @entity1 , an association of @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation has been shown to reduce nonvertebral fractures up to 40% over an 18-month period. @entity175 , given parenterally or nasally, may prevent further @entity604 and has been reported to significantly decrease @entity173 . This hormone also possesses an important analgesic effect. @entity1388 salts are the most effective way to significantly increase bone mass, mainly at the trabecular site. The optimal doses and regimens remain to be clearly established. The use of new formulations like @entity18754 are likely to facilitate the search of the optimal therapeutic window. @entity171 are potent inhibitors of bone resorption. They have been shown to significantly increase trabecular bone mass without @entity79 . Their use may be associated with a significant @entity174 , mainly in @entity1 with severe @entity170 . The new, second and third generation of @entity171 ( @entity19761 , @entity562 , @entity561 ) look extremely promising but their widespread use will only be possible after a confirmation of the absence of a deleterious effect on bone quality ( @entity561 ) and after demonstration of a @entity173 following a prolonged use.

title: Treatment of bone in elderly subjects: XXXX , @entity560 , fluor, @entity171 , @entity175 .

entities_list: @entity19761 :: ('MESH:C058651', 'Chemical') :: ['tiludronate']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates', 'bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['senile osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity18754 :: ('MESH:C012980', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium monofluorophosphate']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral and hip fractures', 'reduction in vertebral and/or hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of cortical bone']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoride']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']