abstract: @entity10233 is a new inhalation anaesthetic with a low blood/gas solubility which should allow a fast emergence from anaesthesia. In a prospective open randomized study, @entity10233 was compared with @entity5161 paying special attention to recovery and the quality of the post-operative period. The occurrence of @entity158 and post-operative @entity1209 (PONV) was recorded during the first 20 post-operative hours. Seventy @entity1 ASA Grade I-II scheduled for elective gynaecological laparoscopic procedures were studied. @entity1 receiving @entity10233 were extubated earlier than @entity1 receiving @entity5161 , 5 +/- 1 and 9 +/- 1 min respectively (P < 0.05) and the @entity1 anaesthetized with @entity10233 were able to tell their name and date on average 5 min earlier than those who had received @entity5161 ; however, time in the recovery room was the same for both groups of @entity1 . Twenty-two of 35 @entity1 receiving @entity10233 , and 18 of 35 receiving @entity5161 required analgesia. PONV was recorded in 18 @entity1 anaesthetized with @entity10233 and 12 @entity1 anaesthetized with @entity5161 . In both groups PONV was more frequently observed in @entity1 after leaving the recovery room. PONV in the recovery room was associated with a delayed discharge, 139 vs. 114 min respectively. @entity10233 seems to be an useful alternative to @entity5161 for laparoscopic procedures.

title: Anaesthesia during laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: a comparison between @entity10233 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane', 'Desflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervical @entity3519 results in severe disability and cannot be effectively treated with medication. Repeat injections of botulinum toxin into the dystonic neck muscles can relieve the symptoms in most @entity1 . When this treatment fails (mostly due to antibody formation), deep brain stimulation can be considered. @entity1 AND METHODS: We report our experiences with eight @entity1 who were treated with bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna for cervical @entity3519 . The mean observation period was 31 months. RESULTS: Six of eight @entity1 experienced relief from symptoms a few days after the implantation. Improvement of symptoms was a mean of 60% during the 1st year. There were no complications. CONCLUSION: In this and in other studies with small numbers of @entity1 , deep brain stimulation has shown a good effect on cervical @entity3519 . According to our results, the @entity1 who benefit most are those with no dystonic shoulder involvement and who have a tonic rather than clonic symptomatology. It seems probable that deep brain stimulation will become the therapy of choice for otherwise intractable cervical @entity3519 .

title: [First experiences in deep brain stimulation for cervical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: Aim of the study was to compare efficacy of @entity3446 covered (116 @entity1 , group 1) and bare (117 @entity1 , group 2) stents. Groups were comparable according to main characteristics. Proportion of @entity1 with @entity6 was 19 and 13.7%, with multivessel lesions--87.1 and 80.4%, with arterial diameter <2.75 mm--46.5 and 23.9% in group 1 and 2, respectively. Lesion length was 25.9+/-6.6 mm (28-93 mm) in group 1 and 22.1+/-7.8 mm (26-102 mm) in group 2. Overall 473 stents were implanted into 232 arteries (2.1 per artery). In group 1 184 stents were implanted in 116 arteries, in group 2--289 stents in 117 arteries. Immediate success rate was 97.4 and 99.1% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.74). There were no cases of acute stent @entity715 . Subacute @entity715 (after 1-3 weeks) occurred in 2 @entity1 (1.7%) of group 1 and in 1 @entity1 (0.85%) of group 2 (p=0.47). Angiographic restenosis was observed in 12 (10.6%) and 66 (56.9%) @entity1 in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.0025). In 47 of 66 @entity1 (71.2%) in group 2 restenosis was diffuse. There was no case of diffuse restenosis in group 1. Twelve months survival without angina and major coronary events was 79.8% in group 1 and 31%--in group 2.

title: [Efficacy of the use of XXXX covered stents in the treatment of diffuse atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries].

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: @entity35184 is a Wnt antagonist that when deleted in @entity19 leads to increased trabecular bone formation in adult animals after 13 weeks of age. Treatment of @entity19 with @entity10173 ( @entity10173 ) also increases trabecular bone formation, and some of the anabolic actions of this hormone may result from altered expression of Wnt pathway components. To test this hypothesis, we treated +/+ and -/- female @entity35184 @entity19 with @entity10173 1-34 for 30 days and measured distal femur trabecular bone parameters by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and high-resolution micro-computed tomography. During the course of the 32-week study, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) declined 41% in vehicle-treated +/+ @entity19 , but increased 24% in vehicle-treated -/- animals. At 8 weeks of age when vBMD was not altered by deletion of @entity35184 , treatment of +/+ and -/- @entity19 with @entity10173 increased vBMD by 147 and 163%, respectively. In contrast, at 24 weeks of age when vBMD was 75% higher in -/- @entity19 than in +/+ controls, treatment with @entity10173 increased vBMD 164% in +/+ animals, but only 58% in -/- @entity19 . Furthermore, at 36 weeks of age when vBMD was 117% higher in -/- @entity19 than in +/+ controls, treatment with @entity10173 increased vBMD 74% in +/+ animals, while no increase was observed in -/- @entity19 . At each of these time points, @entity10173 treatment increased vBMD to a similar level in +/+ and -/- @entity19 , and this level declined with age. In addition, at 36 weeks of age, the vBMD level reached by @entity10173 treatment of +/+ @entity19 was the same as that achieved solely by deletion of @entity35184 . These results indicate that loss of @entity35184 and @entity10173 treatment increase vBMD to a similar extent. Moreover, as the effects of @entity35184 deletion on vBMD increase, the ability of @entity10173 to enhance vBMD declines suggesting that there are overlapping mechanisms of action.

title: Bone anabolic effects of XXXX are blunted by deletion of the Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein-1.

entities_list: @entity35184 :: ('20377(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['sFRP-1', 'Secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP)-1']

answer: @entity10173 :: (19226(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: In the @entity1 @entity52 ( @entity52 ) program a variety of superovulation regimens have been employed to promote follicular stimulation and the recruitment of supernumerary oocytes. This therapy, however, disturbs serum concentrations of @entity53 and @entity1420 and may disrupt the normal feedback systems of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. This study examines the effects of hyperstimulation on the pituitary gonadotrophs and circulating gonadotrophins. FSH and @entity1 @entity1465 were administered to normal cycling female @entity35 (n = 12) in phase with their estrous cycle. Control @entity35 (n = 12) were injected with saline. In both the experimental and control groups, six @entity35 were mated on the evening of proestrus and killed 12 hr later, while six animals were killed prior to mating. Blood was collected at the time of sacrifice for radioimmunoassay. The pituitary glands were removed, processed for light microscopy and serially sectioned. Immunocytochemistry for LH and FSH was carried out to determine the area occupied by these cell types. Data were statistically analyzed. Findings were correlated with circulating levels of LH, FSH, @entity53 and @entity1420 . RIA revealed that the concentration of LH, FSH, @entity53 and @entity1420 were significantly different with respect to hyperstimulation and mating. In addition the area occupied by LH and FSH cells was significantly different with respect to both hyperstimulation and mating. Hyperstimulation affects gonadotroph content, as well as gonadotropin and sex @entity134 hormone concentrations and together with other factors, may disrupt the ideal environment required for implantation.

title: Effect of exogenous gonadotropins on gonadotrophs of the XXXX pituitary gland.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Ambulatory ECG monitoring in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1163 is nondiagnostic in the majority of cases. Recently, an ECG implantable loop recorder (ILR) has been introduced. The ILR performs continuous ECG monitoring over a period of at least 14 months. From February 1997 to September 1999, 35 @entity1 underwent implantation of an ILR. During a mean follow-up of 11 +/- 8 months, 24 (69%) @entity1 had recurrent @entity1163 . Four (11%) @entity1 were not capable of activating the ILR to save the event. A symptom-rhythm correlation could be studied in 20 (83%) of 24 @entity1 . Forty of 44 recurrences were captured by the ILR. There were 14 (40%) @entity1 with at least one @entity1163 . An arrhythmic cause for @entity1163 was found in eight of them ( @entity1168 in four and @entity591 in four). In the other six @entity1 the heart rhythm was normal. In 17 (49%) @entity1 with 1-year follow-up, the mean @entity1163 event rate 12 months before ILR implantation was 4.7 +/- 2.4, whereas the mean @entity1163 event rate 12 months after ILR implantation was 1.3 +/- 0.7 (P < 0.01). Resolution of symptoms was observed in 6 (17%) @entity1 . These @entity1 were significantly younger than @entity1 without resolution (50 +/- 18 vs 69 +/- 14 years, p < 0.01) and five were @entity1 . Three (9%) @entity1 died during follow-up, all of them were noncompliant during their follow-up. In conclusion, the ILR made symptom-rhythm correlation possible in 83% of @entity1 with recurrent @entity1163 . @entity1163 decreased significantly after implantation of the device, especially in the younger @entity1 . Noncompliant @entity1 had a high mortality rate.

title: Heart rhythm during XXXX and @entity1163 : results of implantable loop recorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope recurrences', 'syncope or presyncope events', 'syncopal episode']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: @entity1 with severe early-onset @entity5249 (Langenskiold III or greater) often have the radiographic appearance of @entity308 of the medial tibial plateau and delayed ossification of the epiphysis, adjacent physis, and metaphysis. Schoenecker and other authors recommended elevation of the medial plateau of the tibia for correction of this @entity85 . The purpose of this study was to assess the nature of the medial proximal tibia in these severe cases. Eight @entity1 and two @entity1 (17 tibiae) with severe early-onset @entity5249 had standing radiographs and @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) evaluation. Average @entity1 age was 5.8 years (range, 3-8 years). Eleven knees in eight @entity1 underwent arthrography at the time of surgical @entity85 . No tibia had @entity2996 or arthrographic evidence of medial tibial joint " @entity308 ." The "empty" radiographic space was occupied by cartilage-density material. A smooth dye contour without pooling parallel to the femoral condyles was noted arthrographically in all instances. These findings do not support the concept of routine joint elevation in the correction of severe @entity85 associated with early-onset @entity5249 .

title: XXXX of the medial tibial plateau in early-onset @entity5249 : myth or reality?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'correction of deformity']

entities_list: @entity5249 :: ('MESH:C536237', 'Disease') :: ['Blount disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ) is a pro-atherogenic phospholipase A(2), which is predominantly complexed to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. @entity756 ( @entity756 ) provides a key step in LDL metabolism by stimulating LDL receptor degradation. We determined relationships between plasma @entity756 and @entity6511 mass. METHODS: @entity6511 mass (turbidimetric immunoassay), @entity756 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and (apo) lipoproteins were measured in 53 nondiabetic subjects (27 @entity1 ) with body mass index <30 kg/m(2). RESULTS: @entity6511 ) and @entity756 levels were both correlated positively with LDL @entity165 and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 (r = 0.330 to r = 0.382, p  <=0.02). Remarkably, @entity6511 was inversely related to @entity756 (r = -0.388, p = 0.004). The @entity6511 / @entity755 ratio, as a measure of the @entity6511 ) content in @entity755 -containing lipoproteins, was also inversely correlated with @entity756 (r = -0.575, p <0.001). The inverse relationships of @entity6511 (p = 0.023) and the @entity6511 / @entity755 ratio (p = 0.001) with @entity756 levels remained significant after controlling for age, gender, @entity1674 and HDL @entity165 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasing effects on LDL @entity165 , higher @entity756 levels are unlikely to confer impaired @entity6511 metabolism. We propose to evaluate the possible influence of @entity756 inhibiting strategies on @entity6511 ) regulation and vice versa to determine effects of @entity6511 inhibitors on the @entity756 pathway.

title: Plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 is inversely correlated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity756 :: ('255738', 'Gene') :: ['PCSK9', 'Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['Lp-PLA(2)', 'Lp-PLA(2', 'Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2)']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity756 :: (255738,Gene) :: ['proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9']


abstract: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is a major predictor of outcome following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). For @entity1 alive at day 100 after BMT, the presence or absence of @entity2132 is one of the most important determinants of survival and quality of life. We wished to determine the effects on @entity2132 of two regimens used for the prophylaxis of acute @entity2132 : @entity205 , @entity1499 , and @entity229 ( @entity10002 / @entity1500 /PSE) and @entity205 and @entity229 ( @entity10002 ). One hundred forty-nine evaluable @entity1 were entered into the acute @entity2132 study. As of 31 March 1997, 63 months after the last @entity1 underwent BMT, the median survival time was 4.5 years (range 0.09-9.9). The incidence of @entity2132 was independent of the prophylactic regimen (55 vs. 54%), and extensive @entity2132 occurred in 25 and 24% of @entity1 receiving @entity10002 / @entity1500 /PSE and @entity10002 , respectively. Of note, the median Karnofsky performance status of both groups was 100% (range 70-100%), reflecting the low incidence of extensive @entity2132 . Survival rates free of @entity2132 were 52 vs. 42% (p = 0.29) for @entity1 receiving @entity10002 / @entity1500 /PSE vs. @entity10002 . The incidence of relapse was also similar in both groups of @entity1 . These data suggest that the combinations of @entity10002 / @entity1500 /PSE and @entity10002 result in comparable @entity2132 -free survival without an increase in leukemic relapse.

title: @entity205 , XXXX , and @entity229 compared with @entity205 and @entity229 for prevention of acute graft-vs.-host disease: effect on chronic graft-vs.-host disease and long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic GVHD', 'Graft-vs.-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: @entity308 in the elderly is characterized by a prolonged course and resistance to pharmacological treatment. Moreover, in old age sensitivity to the anticholinergic and cardiac side-effects of tricyclic antidepressants ( @entity2974 ) increases. Recently new antidepressants with fewer side-effects have been developed. Of these, @entity3346 and @entity5079 have been particularly recommended for the treatment of @entity308 in older @entity1 . However, the effects of these new compounds on @entity308 are similar to those of the older @entity2974 's, leaving a substantial number of elderly @entity1 with resistant @entity308 . While there are many publications on the potentiation of the effect of @entity2974 's by @entity3486 , there is little data on the potentiation of the effects of @entity3346 and of @entity5079 by @entity1091 , and no reports of their combined use in elderly @entity1 . Birkhimer et al. reported a case of successful treatment of @entity308 with @entity3346 and @entity1091 in a 45-year-old @entity1 . Heninger et al. successfully treated 2 treatment-refractory @entity1 (aged 52 and 58 years, respectively) with a combination of @entity5079 and @entity1091 . Price et al. reported that 85% of 12 drug-resistant @entity1 improved when treated with @entity1091 and @entity5079 , but only 22% of 9 @entity1 treated with @entity1091 and @entity3346 . We report a 73-year-old @entity1 with resistant @entity308 whose physical condition contraindicated tricyclic antidepressants, in whom the combination of @entity5079 and @entity1091 was both safe and effective.

title: [ @entity1091 augmentation for XXXX -resistant @entity308 in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['trazodone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['refractory depression', 'Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['mianserin']

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

answer: @entity5079 :: (MESH:D008803,Chemical) :: ['mianserin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Some fetuses with @entity44 ( @entity44 ) develop @entity4 , but there is no consensus on an appropriate prognostic marker for poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to establish predictors of poor prognosis in fetuses with @entity44 . METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with prenatally diagnosed @entity44 from 1986 to 2011 was performed. @entity1 with outcome data and ultrasound exams before 32 weeks gestational age (GA) were included (n=37). @entity5 volume-to-fetal weight ratio (TFR) and @entity5 morphology were assessed as sonographic predictors of poor prognosis. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (32%) had good prognosis, and twenty-five @entity1 (68%) had poor prognosis. All @entity1 with poor prognosis had a morphology score >=  3, which is a significant predictor of poor prognosis (p <0.0001). TFR was assessed, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified a cutoff value of 0.12 before 24 weeks GA and 0.11 before 32 weeks GA as predictors for poor prognosis. TFR is a significant predictor of poor prognosis (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with cystic @entity44 all had good prognosis. TFR >0.12 was validated as a sonographic predictor of poor prognosis. TFR and @entity5 morphology can be used to counsel expectant families with prenatally diagnosed @entity44 regarding prognosis.

title: XXXX metrics and morphology predict poor prognosis in prenatally diagnosed @entity44 : a 25-year experience at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['sacrococcygeal teratoma', 'SCT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is controversy over whether exercise and/or exercise intensity has an effect on total caloric intake or diet composition. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of exercise intensity without dietary manipulation on body composition and/or @entity353 and to determine whether exercise intensity affected total caloric intake or diet composition in normal weight young @entity1 . METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 aged 18 to 34 years with a maximal @entity26 consumption average or below on the Palo Alto norms served as subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to: 1) low heart rate intensity exercise group ( @entity3162 , N = 7) which exercised 40 to 45 minutes approximately four times weekly at a mean heart rate of 132 beats per minute (bpm); 2) high heart rate intensity group (HI, N = 8) which exercised 40 to 45 minutes approximately four times weekly at a mean HR of 163 bpm. All subjects were given a maximal exercise test prior to and during weeks eight, 12 and 16. The first 4 weeks served as a control period, followed by approximately 11 weeks of exercise. Each subject recorded her dietary intake for 1 complete week, including a weekend, during weeks 2, 6, 10 and 14 of the study. RESULTS: VO2 max increased (p < .05) in HI (29 +/- 6 ml/kg/minute to 38 +/- 7) but did not change in @entity3162 (36 +/- 5 to 38 +/- 7). Percent fat decreased in HI (p < .05) (27 +/- 7 to 22 +/- 4) but was unchanged in @entity3162 (22 +/- 6 to 21 +/- 6). The weekly intake of total kcal, @entity1735 , protein and fat did change significantly for either group. The weekly intake of saturated fat declined significantly (p < .05) in HI (21.2 +/- 5.8 g to 14.9 +/- 5.5 g); their weekly intake of @entity165 also decreased (p < .05) between months 2 to 3 (249 +/- 109 mg to 159 +/- 58 mg). No other differences in dietary intake between groups were found. CONCLUSION: High heart rate intensity exercise training without dietary manipulation resulted in a decrease in body fat, but not weight change, as well as a decrease in the intake of saturated fat and @entity165 in normal weight young @entity1 . These changes were not observed after low heart rate intensity training.

title: The effects of exercise intensity on body composition, @entity353 , and dietary composition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity8291 ( @entity8291 ) negatively affects @entity1 health, animal welfare, and livestock production. We analyzed the hepatic proteomes of finishing @entity1707 subjected to chronic @entity8291 ( @entity8291 ), @entity1931 ( @entity1931 ), and restricted feed intake conditions, identifying differences between direct and indirect (via reduced feed intake) @entity8291 . Twenty-four castrated male @entity1707 were randomly allocated to three treatments for three weeks: (1) @entity1931 ( @entity1931 ) (22   C) with ad libitum feeding; (2) chronic @entity8291 (30   C) with ad libitum feeding; and (3) @entity1931 , pair-fed to @entity8291 intake (PF). Hepatic proteome analysis was conducted using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Both @entity8291 and PF significantly reduced liver weight (p < 0.05). Forty-five hepatic proteins were differentially abundant when comparing @entity8291 with @entity1931 (37), PF with @entity1931 (29), and @entity8291 with PF (16). These proteins are involved in @entity1457 response and immune defense, oxidative stress response, cellular apoptosis, metabolism, signal transduction, and cytoskeleton. We also observed increased abundance of proteins and enzymes associated with @entity1457 response and immune defense, reduced the redox state, enhanced multiple antioxidant abilities, and increased apoptosis in @entity8291 liver. Heat-load, independent of reduced feed intake, induced an @entity1200 , while food restriction caused stress and cellular apoptosis. Our results provide novel insights into the effects of chronic @entity8291 on liver.

title: Chronic Heat Stress Induces Immune Response, Oxidative Stress Response, and Apoptosis of Finishing XXXX Liver: A Proteomic Approach.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'thermal neutral']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['innate immune response']

entities_list: @entity8291 :: ('MESH:D018882', 'Disease') :: ['Heat stress', 'heat stress', 'HS']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pig']


abstract: The general aim was to describe the frequency of and the reasons for locked doors at wards within Swedish @entity146 care. A questionnaire was answered by 193 ward managers. The findings demonstrated that 73% (n = 193) of the wards were locked on the day of investigation. Wards were sometimes locked in the absence of committed @entity1 and sometimes open in the presence of committed @entity1 . Wards were more often locked if at least one committed @entity1 was present. Fewer wards for @entity1 and adolescents, than for adults and old @entity1 , were locked. More wards in the areas of Sweden's three largest cities, than in the rest of the country, were locked. Fourteen categories of reasons for locking wards were generated by a content analysis of answers to an open-ended question. Most answers were categorized as: prevent @entity1 from escaping, legislation, provide @entity1 and others with safety and security, prevent import and unwelcome visits, and staff's need of control. Staff working in @entity146 care ought to reflect upon and articulate reasons for, and decisions about, locking or opening entrance doors, with the limitation of @entity1 ' freedom in mind.

title: Psychiatric care behind locked doors. A study regarding the frequency of and the reasons for locked XXXX wards in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of beta-amyloid peptide fragments Abeta[15-25], Abeta[25-35], and Abeta[35-25] were examined on synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal @entity1249 region in vivo. @entity35 were anesthetized using @entity4774 , and changes in synaptic efficacy were determined from the slope of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Baseline synaptic responses were monitored for 30 min prior to icv injection of Abeta peptides or vehicle. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) to induce LTP was applied to the Schaffer-collateral pathway 5 min or 1 h following the icv injection. HFS comprised 3 episodes of 10 stimuli at 200 Hz, 10 times, applied at 30-s intervals. Normal LTP measured 30 min following HFS, was produced following icv injection of vehicle (191 +/- 17%, mean +/- SE, n = 6) or Abeta[15-25; 100 nmol] (177 +/- 6%, n = 6) 1 h prior to HFS. LTP was, however, markedly reduced by Abeta[25-35; 10 nmol] (129 +/- 9%, n = 6, P < 0.001) and blocked by Abeta[25-35; 100 nmol] (99 +/- 6%, n = 6, P < 0.001). Injection of the reverse peptide, Abeta[35-25], also impaired LTP at concentrations of 10 nmol (136 +/- 3%, n = 6, P < 0.01) and 100 nmol (144 +/- 7, n = 8, P < 0.05). Using a different protocol, HFS was delivered 5 min following Abeta injections, and LTP was measured 1 h post HFS. Stable LTP was produced in the control group (188 +/- 15%, n = 7) and blocked by Abeta[25-35, 100 nmol] (108 +/- 15%, n = 6, P < 0.001). A lower dose of Abeta[25-35; 10 nmol] did not significantly impair LTP (176 +/- 30%, n = 4). The Abeta-peptides tested were also shown to have no significant effect on paired pulse facilitation (interstimulus interval of 50 ms), suggesting that neither presynaptic transmitter release or activity of interneurons in vivo are affected. The effects of Abeta on LTP are therefore likely to be mediated via a postsynaptic mechanism. This in vivo model of LTP is extremely sensitive to Abeta-peptides that can impair LTP in a time- ([25-35]) and concentration-dependent manner ([25-35] and [35-25]). These effects of Abeta-peptides may then contribute to the @entity73 associated with @entity195 .

title: Blockade of long-term potentiation by beta-amyloid peptides in the XXXX region of the @entity35 hippocampus in vivo.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type II (tyrosinase-positive) @entity16392 is an @entity74 that has recently been mapped to chromosome segment 15q11-q13. The frequency of this disorder is greatly increased in @entity1 with @entity6038 or @entity5427 , both of which involve deletions of chromosome 15q. The P protein is a transmembrane polypeptide that may transport small molecules such as @entity669 , the precursor of melanin. The P gene is located in chromosome segment 15q11-q13. METHODS: We studied the tyrosinase and P genes in three @entity1 with type II @entity16392 , one of whom also had @entity6038 , and in one @entity1 with a milder syndrome known as @entity2788 . Individual exons of these genes were amplified from the DNA of each @entity1 by the polymerase chain reaction and screened for mutations by simultaneous analyses of single-stranded conformation polymorphisms and heteroduplexes and subsequent DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Mutations of the P gene were identified in all four @entity1 . These included one frame shift, three missense mutations that result in @entity535 substitutions, and one mutation that affects RNA splicing. The @entity1 with @entity6038 plus @entity4068 had a typical deletion of the paternal chromosome 15, rendering him hemizygous for a maternally inherited mutant allele of the P gene. The @entity1 with @entity43619 was heterozygous for two different mutations in the P gene. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities of the P gene are associated with a wide range of clinical phenotypes, including type II @entity16392 , @entity4068 associated with the @entity6038 , and at least some cases of @entity2788 .

title: Mutations of the P gene in @entity16392 , @entity43619 , and XXXX plus @entity4068 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['Angelman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity43619 :: ('MESH:D016117', 'Disease') :: ['ocular albinism']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive ocular albinism']

entities_list: @entity16392 :: ('MESH:D016115', 'Disease') :: ['oculocutaneous albinism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi', 'Prader-Willi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6038 :: (MESH:D011218,Disease) :: ['Prader-Willi syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Biomarkers for outcome after immune-checkpoint blockade are strongly needed as these may influence individual treatment selection or sequence. We aimed to identify baseline factors associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after pembrolizumab treatment in @entity320 @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), routine blood count parameters, and clinical characteristics were investigated in 616 @entity1 . Endpoints were @entity1349 and best overall response following pembrolizumab treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were applied for survival analysis. RESULTS: Relative eosinophil count (REC) >= 1.5%, relative lymphocyte count (RLC) >= 17.5%, <= 2.5-fold elevation of LDH, and the absence of @entity3 other than soft-tissue/lung were associated with favorable @entity1349 in the discovery (n = 177) and the confirmation (n = 182) cohort and had independent positive impact (all P < 0.001). Their independent role was subsequently confirmed in the validation cohort (n = 257; all P < 0.01). The number of favorable factors was strongly associated with prognosis. One-year @entity1349 probabilities of 83.9% versus 14.7% and response rates of 58.3% versus 3.3% were observed in @entity1 with four of four compared to those with none of four favorable baseline factors present, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: High REC and RLC, low LDH, and absence of @entity3 other than soft-tissue/lung are independent baseline characteristics associated with favorable @entity1349 of @entity1 with @entity320 treated with pembrolizumab. Presence of four favorable factors in combination identifies a subgroup with excellent prognosis. In contrast, @entity1 with no favorable factors present have a poor prognosis, despite pembrolizumab, and additional treatment advances are still needed. A potential predictive impact needs to be further investigated. Clin Cancer Res; 1-10.   2016 AACR.

title: Baseline Biomarkers for Outcome of @entity320 XXXX Treated with Pembrolizumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a therapeutic modality with a curative potential for @entity1860 . Approximately 20% of @entity1 have a hematologic relapse after BMT. The frequency of cytogenetic or molecular relapse (or both), despite hematologic remission, is reportedly higher. We performed allogeneic BMT in 32 @entity1 with @entity1860 by using unmanipulated donor marrow and a conditioning regimen that consisted of @entity786 and total-body irradiation. Of these 32 @entity1 , 23 had cytogenetic studies after BMT. Seven of these @entity1 had cytogenetically detectable Philadelphia chromosomes some time after BMT, during hematologic remission. The Philadelphia chromosome was detected transiently in two @entity1 , and the fraction of abnormal metaphases exceeded 25% in three @entity1 . None of the @entity1 with negative results of cytogenetic studies or with the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome in less than 25% of analyzed metaphases had a clinical relapse, whereas two of the three @entity1 with more than 25% abnormal metaphases had clinical relapses. Our results suggest that the detection of more than 25% abnormal metaphases during cytogenetic studies for @entity1860 after BMT may imply an incipient clinical relapse. We review the current literature that discusses isolated cytogenetic or molecular relapses of @entity1860 after BMT.

title: Cytogenetic and molecular detection of residual leukemic cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic granulocytic leukemia']


abstract: High HbF levels and F cells are correlated with reduced morbidity and mortality in @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). This paper was designed to determine the HbF and F cells levels in @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) @entity1 in order to determine their impact on the expression of @entity3458 . Population and Method. HbF levels were measured in 89 @entity3458 @entity1 (mean age 11.4 yrs) using a standard HPLC method. F cell quantitation was done in a second group of @entity3458 @entity1 (n = 42, mean age 8.9 yrs) and compared with a control group (n = 47, mean age 5 yrs). F cells were quantified by a cytofluorometric system (MoAb-HbF- @entity2823 ; cut off at 0.5%). Results. The mean value of HbF was 7.2%        5.0 with heterogeneous distribution, most @entity1 (76%) having HbF <   8%. Mean values of F-cells in @entity3458 @entity1 and control group were 5.4%        7.6 (median: 2.19%; range 0,0-30,3%) and 0.5%        1.6 (median 0.0, range 0-5.18), respectively. @entity3458 @entity1 with F cells >4.5% developed less @entity158 crisis and had higher percentage of reticulocytes. Conclusion. Congolese @entity3458 @entity1 displayed low levels of HbF and F-cells that contribute to the severity of @entity3458 .

title: Foetal haemoglobin, erythrocytes containing foetal haemoglobin, and hematological features in congolese XXXX with sickle cell anaemia.

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'SCA', 'sickle cell disease', 'Congolese sickle cell anemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: During a 14-year period 23 @entity1 underwent 25 revascularizations for radiation-induced @entity432 . An average of 5000 rads was delivered, 3 to 24 (mean 9) years before @entity9085 , for @entity5 of the following origin: gynecologic (n = 9), @entity706 (n = 7), head and neck (n = 5), testicular (n = 1), and lower extremity @entity242 (n = 1). @entity432 occurred in the aortic arch vessels (n = 8), visceral aortic vessels (n = 1), and aortofemoral vessels (n = 16). Presenting symptoms were @entity613 (n = 8), @entity158 or nonhealing @entity1066 (n = 7), transient @entity63 attacks (n = 6), asymptomatic bruit (n = 1), and @entity177 (n = 1). Reconstructive operations included anatomic bypass (n = 10), extra-anatomic bypass (n = 4), patch angioplasty (n = 5), endarterectomy (n = 3), and resection with interposition graft (n = 1). In this group of @entity1 there were no major perioperative wound complications or other major radiation-associated morbidity. Five @entity1 had late graft infections that manifested from 2 to 5 years after surgery. All occurred in anatomic regions where the bypass graft passed through previously irradiated tissues. Presenting symptoms of @entity281 included a draining groin sinus (n = 3) or soft tissue abscess (n = 2). In all cases the graft had not incorporated into the surrounding tissues when passing through the irradiated area. Treatment included graft excision and extra-anatomic bypass through nonirradiated tissue. One @entity1 died of systemic @entity295 . Vascular reconstructive surgery can safely be performed for radiation-induced @entity455 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Late complications of revascularization for radiation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial occlusive disease', 'arterial obstructive disease']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['arterial disease']


abstract: @entity227 and @entity1833 are hallmarks of serotonergic hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness. Although the serotonergic hallucinogen @entity28203 activates multiple @entity750 ( @entity750 ) receptors, recent evidence suggests that activation of @entity7601 receptors may lead to the formation of @entity1833 by increasing cortical excitability and altering visual-evoked cortical responses. To address this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of @entity28203 (215  g/kg vs placebo) on both a oscillations that regulate cortical excitability and early visual-evoked P1 and N170 potentials in healthy @entity1 subjects. To further disentangle the specific contributions of @entity7601 receptors, subjects were additionally pretreated with the preferential @entity7601 antagonist @entity6009 (50 mg vs placebo). We found that @entity28203 strongly decreased prestimulus parieto-occipital a power values, thus precluding a subsequent stimulus-induced a power decrease. Furthermore, @entity28203 strongly decreased N170 potentials associated with the appearance of @entity227 , including @entity1833 . All of these effects were blocked by pretreatment with the @entity7601 antagonist @entity6009 , indicating that activation of @entity7601 receptors by @entity28203 profoundly modulates the neurophysiological and phenomenological indices of visual processing. Specifically, activation of @entity7601 receptors may induce a processing mode in which stimulus-driven cortical excitation is overwhelmed by spontaneous neuronal excitation through the modulation of a oscillations. Furthermore, the observed reduction of N170 visual-evoked potentials may be a key mechanism underlying @entity7601 -mediated @entity1833 . This change in N170 potentials may be important not only for @entity28203 -induced states but also for understanding acute hallucinatory states seen in @entity146 , such as @entity161 and @entity191 .

title: Activation of @entity750 2A receptors underlies the @entity28203 -induced effects on a oscillations, N170 visual-evoked potentials, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual illusions', 'visual perceptual alterations']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity28203 :: ('CHEBI:8614', 'Chemical') :: ['psilocybin']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations', 'hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['visual hallucinations']


abstract: To ascertain the effect of extreme @entity2944 on perinatal @entity75 , 7-d-postnatal @entity35 were exposed to unilateral common @entity432 followed by @entity519 with 8% @entity26 combined with 3, 12, or 15% @entity544 ( @entity515 ) for 2 h at 37 degrees C. Survivors underwent neuropathologic examination at 30 d of postnatal age, and their brains were characterized as follows: 0 = normal; 1 = mild @entity194 ; 2 = moderate @entity194 ; 3 = @entity1188 with external dimensions <3 mm; and 4 = @entity1188 with external dimensions >3 mm. The width of the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the @entity432 also was determined on a posterior coronal section and compared with that of the contralateral hemisphere to ascertain the severity of @entity194 . @entity515 tensions averaged 5.08, 11.1, and 13.2 kPa in the 3, 12, and 15% @entity515 -exposed animals, respectively, during @entity519 - @entity63 (HI). Neuropathologic results showed that immature @entity35 exposed to 3 and 12% @entity515 had similar severities of @entity75 . In contrast, @entity35 pups exposed to HI combined with 15% @entity515 were significantly more brain damaged than littermates exposed to 3% @entity515 . Specifically, eight of 14 animals exposed to 15% @entity515 showed @entity1188 (grades 3 and 4), whereas none of 14 littermates exposed to 3% @entity515 developed @entity1188 (p < 0.01). Analyses of coronal width ratios at each @entity515 exposure provided results comparable with those of the gross neuropathology scores. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured at 90 min of HI, was lowest in those immature @entity35 exposed to 15% @entity515 compared with control (p = 0.04), with higher values in those @entity35 pups exposed to 3 and 12% @entity515 . The findings indicate that 7-d-postnatal @entity35 exposed to HI with superimposed 12% @entity515 are neither less nor more brain damaged than littermates exposed to 3% @entity515 (normocapnia). In contrast, animals exposed to 15% @entity515 are the most brain damaged of the three groups. Presumably, extreme @entity2944 produces more severe @entity65 than is seen in animals subjected to lesser degrees of @entity2944 ; the @entity65 , in turn, leads to greater @entity2806 and ultimate @entity75 .

title: Effect of extreme @entity2944 on @entity75 in the immature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cystic infarct', 'cystic infarcts']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy/cavitation', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular depression']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Organ-specific in vitro @entity137 assays are often highly sensitive, but they lack specificity. We evaluated here examples of assay features that can affect test specificity, and some general procedures are suggested on how positive hits in complex biological assays may be defined. Differentiating @entity1 LUHMES cells were used as potential model for developmental @entity2359 testing. Forty candidate toxicants were screened, and several hits were obtained and confirmed. Although the cells had a definitive neuronal phenotype, the use of a general cell death endpoint in these cultures did not allow specific identification of neurotoxicants. As alternative approach, neurite growth was measured as an organ-specific functional endpoint. We found that neurite extension of developing LUHMES was specifically inhibited by diverse compounds such as @entity3812 , @entity1891 , @entity40873 , @entity3788 , @entity1880 , or @entity8229 . These compounds reduced neurite growth at concentrations that did not compromise cell viability, and neurite growth was affected more potently than the integrity of developed @entity527 of mature neurons. A ratio of the EC50 values of neurite growth inhibition and cell death of >4 provided a robust classifier for compounds associated with a developmental @entity2359 hazard. Screening of unspecific toxicants in the test system always yielded ratios <4. The assay identified also compounds that accelerated neurite growth, such as the rho kinase pathway modifiers @entity12602 or @entity40874 . The negative effects of @entity3812 or @entity3788 were completely inhibited by a rho kinase inhibitor. In summary, we suggest that assays using functional endpoints (neurite growth) can specifically identify and characterize (developmental) neurotoxicants.

title: Evaluation of a XXXX neurite growth assay as specific screen for developmental neurotoxicants.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neurites']

entities_list: @entity40874 :: ('MESH:C545214', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazovivin']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity12602 :: ('MESH:C472645', 'Chemical') :: ['blebbistatin']

entities_list: @entity40873 :: ('MESH:C010753', 'Chemical') :: ['narciclasine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Malaria remains a public health challenge, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where asymptomatic @entity311 is not uncommon. In the present study, the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity9231 was investigated in almajirai, and the genetic polymorphisms of @entity503 (CQ) resistance biomarkers were assessed. METHODOLOGY: A total of 440 apparently healthy almajirai between 3 and 12 years of age were randomly enrolled in Maiduguri, northeast Nigeria, between July and December 2010. @entity5895 and gametocytemia were assessed by light microscopy, and polymorphisms of Pfcrt @entity19306 and @entity41522 @entity19307 were detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 8.3    4.5 years, with subjects  <= 5 years accounting for 10.7% (47/440) of the population. Prevalence of asymptomatic @entity41523 and gametocytemia were 12.7% (56/440) and 8.6% (38/440), respectively. Geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) was 240 (160-630) parasites/  L, while geometric mean gametocyte density (GMGD) was 53 (24-96) gametocytes/  L. The GMPD was higher among subjects  <= 5 years of age (p = 0.027). Pfcrt 76T was detected in 5.4% (3/56) of the isolates, and no isolates harbored @entity41522 86Y mutant. CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals asymptomatic @entity9231 in almajirai and low levels of Pfcrt 76T and @entity41522 86Y alleles. These findings could hinder @entity311 control measures, and hence almajirai should be incorporated into @entity311 control programs.

title: Asymptomatic @entity9231 and genetic polymorphisms of Pfcrt @entity19306 and @entity41522 XXXX among almajirai in northeast Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity19306 :: ('p|SUB|K|76|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K76T']

entities_list: @entity41523 :: ('OMIM:248310', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity19307 :: ('p|SUB|N|86|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N86Y']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['Parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity19307 :: (p|SUB|N|86|Y,ProteinMutation) :: ['N86Y']


abstract: Developmental senescence is a coordinated physiological process in plants and is critical for nutrient redistribution from senescing leaves to newly formed sink organs, including young leaves and developing seeds. Progress has been made concerning the genes involved and the regulatory networks controlling senescence. The resulting complex metabolome changes during senescence have not been investigated in detail yet. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive profiling of metabolites, including pigments, lipids, @entity3363 , @entity1522 , organic acids, nutrient ions, and secondary metabolites, and determined approximately 260 metabolites at distinct stages in leaves and siliques during senescence in @entity958 ( @entity958 ). This provided an extensive catalog of metabolites and their spatiotemporal cobehavior with progressing senescence. Comparison with silique data provides clues to source-sink relations. Furthermore, we analyzed the metabolite distribution within single leaves along the basipetal sink-source transition trajectory during senescence. Ceramides, lysolipids, @entity9750 , branched chain @entity1522 , and stress-induced @entity1522 accumulated, and an imbalance of @entity2734 / @entity492 , @entity2227 / @entity1160 , and nutrient ions in the tip region of leaves was detected. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal distribution of @entity6626 cycle intermediates was already changed in the presenescent leaves, and @entity24150 , @entity9592 , and @entity41389 accumulated in the base region of leaves with preceding senescence. These results are discussed in the context of current models of the metabolic shifts occurring during developmental and environmentally induced senescence. As senescence processes are correlated to crop yield, the metabolome data and the approach provided here can serve as a blueprint for the analysis of traits and conditions linking crop yield and senescence.

title: Comprehensive dissection of spatiotemporal metabolic shifts in primary, secondary, and lipid metabolism during developmental senescence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity41389 :: ('MESH:C013536', 'Chemical') :: ['galactinol']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity9750 :: ('CHEBI:33856', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amino acids']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity24150 :: ('MESH:D005961', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosinolates']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: AIMS OF THE STUDY: Wine @entity6398 attenuate the development of @entity731 , which involves an inflammatory process. We studied the beneficial effect of de-alcoholised white and red wines (DWW and DRW, respectively) on the development of @entity1856 plaques and on the expression of biomarkers. METHODS: We administered control or de-alcoholised wine-rich diets to @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 for 12 or 20 weeks. We then used optical microscopy or immunofluorescence to examine @entity731 development in the thoracic aorta and aortic root and assessed the presence of cytokines and adhesion molecules by qPCR and immunofluorescence in total aorta and aortic root, respectively. RESULTS: @entity731 in thoracic aorta were significantly decreased in @entity19 supplemented with DWW (30 %) and DRW (62 %) for 20 weeks. In addition, the expressions of interferon-y, @entity635 , the @entity1750 and @entity18901 were reduced by DRW. The adhesion molecule P-selectin, @entity44470 were decreased by 52, 76 and 45 %, respectively, in @entity19 fed DRW for 12 weeks, whereas DWW reduced these parameters in a minor extent. The NF-kB expression in total aorta was significantly decreased in the @entity19 treated with de-alcoholised wines for 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: DRW is shown to be more effective than DWW on cytokines and adhesion molecule expression, in the early stages of the inflammatory events associated with @entity731 development, probably due to the high phenolic content of red wine. Downregulation of NF-kB expression may be involved in the mechanism by which de-alcoholised wines modulate @entity731 .

title: De-alcoholised white and red wines decrease inflammatory markers and NF-kB in @entity1856 plaques in XXXX -deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity44470 :: ('22329;15894', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['apoE']


abstract: AIM: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and tolerance of infliximab in @entity31 . METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="SELECTION OF STUDIES" NlmCategory="METHODS">evaluating efficacy of infliximab in @entity31 . For the meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials comparing infliximab vs. placebo/steroids. SEARCH STRATEGY: electronic and manual. Study quality: independently assessed by two reviewers. DATA SYNTHESIS: meta-analysis combining the odds ratios (OR). RESULTS: Thirty-four studies (896 @entity1 ) evaluated infliximab therapy in UC, with heterogeneous results. Mean short-term (2.3 weeks) response and remission with infliximab was 68% (95% CI 65-71%) and 40% (36-44%). Mean long-term (8.9 months) response and remission was 53% (49-56%) and 39% (35-42%). Five randomized double-blind studies compared infliximab with placebo, the meta-analysis showing an advantage (P < 0.001) of infliximab in all endpoints (short-/long-term response/remission): ORs from 2.7 to 4.6, and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) from 3 to 5. Similar infliximab response was calculated independently of the indication ( @entity134 -refractory/non- @entity134 -refractory) or the dose (5/10 mg/kg). Adverse effects were reported in 83% and 75% of the infliximab and placebo-treated @entity1 (OR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.03-2.24; number-needed-to-harm ( @entity15852 ) was 14). CONCLUSION: Infliximab is more effective than placebo, with an NNT from 3 to 5, for the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC, achieving clinical remission in 40% of the @entity1 at approximately 9 months of follow-up. Further studies are necessary to confirm the long-term efficacy of infliximab in @entity31 .

title: Systematic review: Infliximab therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Apelin was identified as natural ligand for @entity40737 , a G protein-coupled receptor. @entity40737 is expressed in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. This study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of intrathecally (i.t.) administered apelin-13 on nociceptive response in @entity406 test and tail-flick test. In @entity406 test, i.t. injection of apelin-13 (0.3-3 nmol/ @entity19 ) had no effect on the nociceptive response in either acute phase (0-10 min) or interphase (10-20 min), but significantly produced @entity1931 effect in late phase (20-30 min) at the dose of 3 nmol/ @entity19 . The @entity40737 receptor antagonist apelin-13( @entity40738 ) and GABAA receptor antagonist @entity4781 , but not opioid receptor antagonist @entity1510 , significantly blocked the @entity1931 caused by apelin-13 in late phase, indicating that i.t. apelin-13- induced @entity1931 was mediated by @entity40737 and GABAA receptor, rather than opioid receptor. However, in tail-flick test, i.t. injected apelin-13 (1 and 3 nmol/ @entity19 ) induced a significant antinociceptive effect, which was significantly antagonized by apelin-13( @entity40738 ) and @entity1510 , suggesting @entity40737 and opioid receptor were involved in the antinociception of spinal apelin-13.

title: Intrathecal apelin-13 produced different actions in @entity406 test and tail-flick test in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity40738 :: ('p|SUB|F|13|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['F13A']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity4781 :: ('MESH:C017069', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline methiodide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: A diploid @entity375 , D6 is described which monitors mitotic non-disjunction by the phenotypic expression of a set of coupled and recessive markers flanking the centromere of chromosome VII. These markers are not expressed in the heterozygous condition prevailing in D6. The left arm of chromosome VII carries a tightly centromere linked marker, @entity43935 ( @entity368 requirement), distal to @entity43935 in this order: @entity42340 ( @entity2340 requirement), @entity43936 (recessive resistance to @entity1880 ) and met 13 (requirement for @entity1853 ). The right arm is marked with @entity43937 (simultaneous requirement for @entity5536 and @entity3793 ). D6 is homozygous for @entity14269 and consequently, forms red rather than the normally white colonies. It shows no requirement for the above @entity1522 and it is sensitive to @entity1880 . Unmasking of all the markers on chromosome VII leads to colonies that are white because @entity43937 sets a block preceding the @entity14269 block (which causes the accumulation of a precursor of the red pigment), they require @entity368 , @entity2340 and @entity1853 , and grow on media with @entity1880 . Cells are plated on a @entity1880 medium where red and white colonies are formed. Colonies of spontaneous origin were tested. The majority of the white colonies expressed all the recessive markers whereas only few of the red colonies expressed all the markers on the left arm of chromosome VII. Basically expression of recessive markers on both sides of the centromere can be explained as a result of two coincident events of mitotic crossing over. However, the frequency of colonies expressing centromere linked @entity43935 was 14 times higher among the white types than the red ones. This suggested that the white, @entity1880 resistant, @entity368 requiring colonies arose by mitotic non-disjunction and not only by two coincident mitotic crossing over events. Presumptive spontaneous monosomic segregants were placed on sporulation medium. Only 8 out of 30 isolates sporulated, which showed that these eight segregants were diploid at the time of sporulation. They could have arisen by two coincident crossover events or through restoration of a normal disomic condition after non-disjunction had occurred. The genetic data thus leaves us with only its statistical argument in favour of non-disjunction. Further confirmation of monosomic nature of the white @entity1880 resistant colonies was provided by the estimates of their DNA contents. Compared to the stock wild type diploids the presumptive monosomics showed a reduction in DNA content. We have utilized D6 to investigate the possible induction of mitotic non-disjunction after treatment with gamma rays, @entity1457 at 52 degrees C and ultraviolet irradiation. In all cases white, @entity1880 resistant colonies were produced at levels significantly higher than that found in untreated cultures. In order to detect the production of monosomic cells, treated cultures were grown for 48 h in non-selective medium after exposure to allow for "expression" of the monosomic condition.

title: The detection of monosomic colonies produced by mitotic chromosome non-disjunction in the @entity375 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast strain']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: PURPOSE: Degeneration of the gingival margin and periodontal @entity604 between segments can occur in @entity1347 . However, treatment and management of these problems have not yet been resolved; improvement of the conventional method is necessary. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the usefulness and advantage of orthodontic devices in osteotomies. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty Japanese adults presented with @entity89 diagnosed as mandibular prognathism with maxillary protrusion, bimaxillary protrusion, and anterior crowding. Of these 40 @entity1 , 20 (group 1) underwent @entity1347 with our original orthodontic periodontal management. The remaining 20 (group 2) @entity1 underwent conventional procedures. After surgery, pocket depth and periodontal @entity604 at the osteotomy site were evaluated. RESULTS: In all cases of @entity1 who underwent our original technique, degeneration of the gingival marginal and periodontal defects at the osteotomy site were not found. The rate of alveolar bone height in group 1 significantly increased and that in group 2 significantly decreased after maxillary osteotomy (P < .05). CONCLUSION: This technique may prevent periodontal defects from occurring at the interdental osteotomy site.

title: The prevention of periodontal @entity604 at the osteotomy site after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segmental osteotomy or dento-osseous osteotomy along', 'various segmental osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw deformities']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior segmental and dento-osseous osteotomy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe treatment patterns among @entity1 with central or branch @entity2994 (CRVO or BRVO) in France, Germany, and Italy, and to estimate @entity2994 ( @entity2994 )-related direct medical costs. METHODS: We used a retrospective chart review to determine 18-month @entity2994 -related resource utilization and calculate 12-month health care costs. Country-specific unit costs (   ) were assigned to each resource from the perspective of the health care payer. Costs for France and Germany were based on 2005, and for Italy on 2007 values. RESULTS: Data from a total of 109 BRVO and 119 @entity1 with CRVO were used in the analysis. Laser therapy was the most commonly used intervention in Germany, for both CRVO and @entity1 with BRVO (95%-98% of treatments), while @entity1 in France with either condition had triamcinolone injections most often (63%-67% of treatments). Injections were also administered frequently in Italy and were the most common treatment for CRVO (50%), whereas @entity1 with BRVO used laser therapy most often (41%). Inpatient treatment was most common in Germany (42% of CRVO and 34% of @entity1 with BRVO), and did not occur at all in Italy except for day admissions. Total costs were higher for @entity1 with CRVO in all countries. Most costs in Italy and France were attributable to outpatient treatment. In Germany, hospitalization made up the largest proportion of costs (80%), although more @entity1 used outpatient services. CONCLUSIONS: Approaches to treating BRVO and CRVO vary across European countries. Development of agreed-upon guidelines would support consistency in @entity1 care and reimbursement policy.

title: Treating XXXX in France, Germany, and Italy: an analysis of treatment patterns, resource consumption, and costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'RVO']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusions']


abstract: Routine blood work that includes ESR, CRP, and @entity413 levels, and plain radiographs and knee aspirations are obtained from our @entity1 who have clinical suspicion of @entity281 . If the culture result is positive and blood tests suggest @entity281 , the surgical plan is a two-stage revision with an interval period of intravenous antibiotic administration. Risk factors are identified, and the @entity1 's condition optimized. An @entity166 consultant is also involved in the treatment care plan and advises the @entity1 about the best antibiotic, management of proper antibiotic levels, and home care. If culture results are negative, cultures are repeated every week for 3 to 4 weeks after the @entity1 stops taking antibiotics. If the cultures yield positive results, a two-stage revision protocol is initiated. In @entity1 who have 3 to 4 negative culture results, normal blood tests and radiographs, and no history of any immunocompromised state, such as @entity6 or @entity309 , diagnoses such as @entity691 wear or @entity603 can be considered. If @entity1 have any involved risk factor or blood tests, equivocal or suggestive, isotope scintigraphy is requested. We examine tissue in @entity1 with positive scans and equivocal blood test results with clinical suspicion of @entity281 . We prefer an open arthrotomy, which allows us to take multiple specimens for frozen section, assess fixation of the implant, and look for any other signs of @entity281 . If the frozen section reveals more than 10 PMNLs per high-power field, we proceed to stage 1 revision after obtaining intraoperative cultures. If an organism grows in the cultures, stage 2 protocol is initiated. If no cultures are obtained at 7 to 10 days of incubation, we may consider earlier stage 2 revision at 4 to 6 weeks (Fig. 1). In @entity1 in whom the frozen section reveals less than 5 PMNLs per high-power field, component fixation should be assessed, and if they are loose, revision of the knee should be initiated. As with a septic revision, use of antibiotic-impregnated cement can be considered for fixation. If the components are well fixed, a @entity691 tibial tray is exchanged. In either circumstance, intraoperative cultures should be obtained, and if they yield positive results, antibiotics should be continued for 6 to 12 weeks.

title: Revision total knee arthroplasty: planning, controversies, and management-- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Chylomicrons have been shown to protect @entity19 and @entity35 against a lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide and may serve as a therapeutic means to protect against @entity5694 . However, the requisite of isolation from @entity1 lymph hampers pharmaceutical application. Recently, we developed recombinant chylomicrons from commercially available lipids and @entity1 recombinant @entity2204 . The current study explored the effectiveness of these @entity2204 -enriched emulsions in redirecting @entity558 from Kupffer cells to liver parenchymal cells. Upon injection into @entity35 , 125I- @entity558 rapidly and specifically associated with the liver (64.3+/-3.1% of the injected dose) and spleen (4.1+/-0.7%). The uptake of @entity558 by the spleen was four- to fivefold reduced upon incubation with the @entity2204 -enriched emulsion or free @entity2204 (P < 0.0001), but not with emulsion alone or Lipofundin. Within the liver, 125I- @entity558 mainly associated with Kupffer cells. The uptake by Kupffer cells was eight- to ninefold reduced by the @entity2204 -enriched emulsion or @entity2204 alone (P < 0.01), and a 19.6-fold increased uptake ratio by liver parenchymal cells over Kupffer cells was observed. The emulsion without @entity2204 had no effect on the in vivo kinetics of @entity558 . @entity558 interacted selectively with the @entity2204 moiety of the recombinant chylomicron. Emulsion-associated and free @entity2204 bound approximately two molecules of @entity558 , possibly by its exposed hydrophilic domain involving @entity369 residues. We anticipate that the protecting effect of endogenous chylomicrons against @entity558 -induced @entity5694 may result from the @entity2204 moiety and that @entity1 recombinant @entity2204 may serve as a therapeuticum to protect against @entity5694 .

title: XXXX recombinant apolipoprotein E redirects lipopolysaccharide from Kupffer cells to liver parenchymal cells in @entity35 In vivo.

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apoE', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in 9 patas monkeys before and during protein depletion, and in 4 of them also during recovery from protein depletion. Pancreatic function was estimated by measuring enzymatic activities in the duodenal contents after a test meal and by determination of urinary excretion of @entity11894 (pancreatic function test) after oral ingestion of the chymotrypsin-labile peptide @entity17163 . The average serum albumin dropped by 34.8% to 2.6 g per 100 ml. Significant decrease of trypsin, lipase, amylase, and chymotrypsin was observed in the duodenal samples during @entity1131 . Urinary excretion of @entity11894 was also reduced significantly. The two tests correlated well. In 3 of 4 animals, recovery of pancreatic function was noted after refeeding a full protein diet. @entity788 was noted in 2 animals which died. The study shows that exocrine pancreatic secretion can be seriously impaired even at a moderate @entity1131 and may not be reversibly in all instances. Therefore, function tests have to be evaluated with caution when @entity9427 , i.e., @entity4988 , is present.

title: Exocrine pancreatic function in XXXX patas monkeys studied by means of a test meal and an indirect pancreatic function test.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity17163 :: ('MESH:C006717', 'Chemical') :: ['N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity11894 :: ('MESH:D010129', 'Chemical') :: ['p-aminobenzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

answer: @entity1131 :: (MESH:D011488,Disease) :: ['protein-deficient']


abstract: In order to obtain plasma membrane-rich fractions two methods were tried. Approach A was based on differential pelleting followed by discontinous gradient centrifugation in a @entity28309 . In approach B homogeneization was performed in buffered water ( @entity5993 , pH 7.4). The 73 300 X g pellet from this homogenate was subjected to buoyant density equilibrium in a @entity8682 (continuous @entity969 gradient). Using approach A, the highest relative specific activity for plasma membrane markers was found at the 30-37% @entity969 interphase. However, an increase for @entity413 6-phosphatase (endoplasmic reticulum marker) was also found at that interphase. Using approach B marker profiles different from approach A were found. Approach B results in a subdivision of membrane material in four distinct regions. These regions do not contain completely pure membrane species, although region I seems to be essentially derived from plasma membranes. It is also concluded from approach A that plasma membranes from @entity291 thyroid tissue are heterogeneous.

title: Subcellular structure of XXXX thyroid gland. VII. A study on the distribution of @entity291 thyroid plasma membranes by density gradient centrifugation in zonal rotors.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity8682 :: ('MESH:C567159', 'Disease') :: ['HS zonal rotor']

entities_list: @entity28309 :: ('MESH:D006933', 'Disease') :: ['B-XIV zonal rotor']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) can lead to @entity1164 at any age, yet are often asymptomatic and clinically undetected. Prophylactic interventions are available and cascade testing is recommended to identify family members at risk. When a disease-causing mutation has been identified in a family, pre-symptomatic genetic testing (PSGT) is available. This study explores perceptions of the cascade process, impact of PSGT and attitudes towards direct contact as an alternative to family-mediated dissemination for @entity74 . In depth, interviews were conducted with 22 @entity1 eligible for PSGT for @entity1121 or @entity1162 . Data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. Risk is perceived to be low pre-test in the absence of symptoms, and @entity1 frequently test with the aim of ruling out risk to self and @entity1 . Testing of @entity1 is a complex decision; although older @entity1 have concerns about possible adverse effects of genetic testing early in the life course, young @entity1 are pragmatic about their result. The meaning of a positive genetic test result may be difficult to conceptualise in the absence of clinical evidence of disease, and this may deter further dissemination to at-risk family members. A majority of @entity1 see advantages in direct contact from health professionals and support it in principle. Implications for practice include addressing risk perception pre-test, and presenting genetic test information as part of a risk stratification process rather than a binary outcome. Families may require more support or intervention in cascading genetic test information.

title: Pre-symptomatic genetic testing for XXXX : a qualitative exploration of psychosocial and ethical implications.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ICCs', 'Inherited cardiac conditions']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Long QT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['inherited cardiac conditions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concurrent chemoradiation is a standard option for locally advanced @entity788 (LAPC). Concurrent conventional radiation with full-dose @entity136 has significant @entity137 . Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may provide the opportunity to administer radiation in a shorter time frame with similar efficacy and reduced @entity137 . This Pilot study assessed the safety of concurrent full-dose @entity136 with SBRT for LAPC. METHODS: @entity1 received @entity136 , 1000 mg/m2 for 6 cycles. During week 4 of cycle 1, @entity1 received SBRT (25 Gy delivered in five consecutive daily fractions of 5 Gy prescribed to the 75-83% isodose line). Acute and late @entity137 were assessed using NIH CTCAE v3. @entity5 response was assessed by RECIST. @entity1 underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy at baseline, 2, and 6 months to assess the duodenal mucosa. Quality of life (QoL) data was collected before and after treatment using the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PAN26 questionnaires. RESULTS: Between September 2009 and February 2011, 11 @entity1 enrolled with one withdrawal during radiation therapy. @entity1 had grade 1 to 2 gastrointestinal @entity137 from the start of SBRT to 2 weeks after treatment. There were no grade 3 or greater radiation-related @entity137 or delays for cycle 2 of @entity136 . On endoscopy, there were no grade 2 or higher mucosal @entity137 . Two @entity1 had a partial response. The median progression free and overall survival were 6.8 and 12.2 months, respectively. Global QoL did not change between baseline and immediately after radiation treatment. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT with concurrent full dose @entity136 is safe when administered to @entity1 with LAPC. There is no delay in administration of radiation or chemotherapy, and radiation is completed with minimal @entity137 .

title: Stereotactic body radiation therapy with concurrent full-dose @entity136 for locally advanced XXXX : a pilot trial demonstrating safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Statin use may be associated with increased musculoskeletal adverse events, especially in physically active individuals. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether statin use is associated with @entity85 , including @entity2720 and injury, in a military health care system. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching. SETTING: San Antonio Military Multi-Market. @entity1 : Tricare Prime/Plus beneficiaries evaluated from October 1, 2003, to @entity3490 , 2010. INTERVENTIONS: Statin use during fiscal year 2005. On the basis of medication fills, @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: @entity6817 users (received a statin for at least 90 days) and nonusers (never received a statin throughout the study period). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Using @entity1 ' baseline characteristics, we generated a propensity score that was used to match statin users and nonusers; odds ratios (ORs) were determined for each outcome measure. Secondary analyses determined adjusted ORs for all @entity1 who met study criteria and a subgroup of @entity1 with no comorbidities identified using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Sensitivity analysis further determined adjusted ORs for a subgroup of @entity1 with no @entity85 at baseline and a subgroup of @entity1 who continued statin therapy for 2 years or more. The occurrence of @entity85 was determined using prespecified groups of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, ClinicalModification codes: @entity29772 , all @entity85 ; Msk1a, @entity2720 and related diseases; Msk1b, @entity66 ( @entity3029 , @entity6475 , strain); and @entity38050 , @entity4512 . RESULTS: A total of 46 249 individuals met study criteria (13 626 statin users and 32 623 nonusers). Of these, we propensity score-matched 6967 statin users with 6967 nonusers. Among matched pairs, statin users had a higher OR for @entity29772 (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08-1.30), Msk1b (1.13; 1.05-1.21), and @entity38050 (1.09; 1.02-1.18); the OR for Msk1a was 1.07 (0.99-1.16; P = .07). Secondary and sensitivity analyses revealed higher adjusted ORs for statin users in all outcome groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Musculoskeletal conditions, @entity2720 , @entity130 , and @entity158 are more common among statin users than among similar nonusers. The full spectrum of statins' musculoskeletal adverse events may not be fully explored, and further studies are warranted, especially in physically active individuals.

title: XXXX and @entity85 , @entity2720 , and @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['drug-associated musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy', 'arthropathies']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal diseases', 'musculoskeletal conditions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity6817 :: (D019821,Chemical) :: ['Statins']


abstract: Clinical research in @entity712 has recently focused on the stimulated neuro-hormonal compensatory mechanisms that could contribute to auto-aggravation of the disease. On the basis of such a hypothesis, and apart from the inhibition of the @entity916 angiotensin system, the antagonism of beta-receptors has evolved as a promising approach for improving quality of life and prognosis. However, the definite proof of beta-adrenoceptor blockade induced benefit on survival remains to be demonstrated. On the basis of CIBIS I data, the objective of the @entity299 @entity2179 Study II (CIBIS II) is to evaluate effects of the selective @entity2161 blocker, @entity2179 , on mortality (primary endpoint) in @entity1 with ischaemic or non-ischaemic @entity712 . Eligible @entity1 will be symptomatic ambulatory @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 35% in NYHA functional class III or IV, receiving a background treatment of diuretics and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. A total of 2,500 @entity1 are planned to be included with a mean follow up of at least 3 years. Secondary endpoints include hospitalisations, cardiovascular mortality and combination of both as well as permanent treatment withdrawal. @entity2179 will be titrated up to 10 mg, starting with 1.25 mg daily. Randomization began in November 1995. CIBIS II results will represent a basis for definite conclusions on the evaluation of beta-adrenoceptor blockade induced benefit with @entity2179 in @entity712 .

title: Design of the @entity299 XXXX study II (CIBIS II). The CIBIS II Scientific Committee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2161 :: ('153', 'Gene') :: ['beta-1 adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol', 'Bisoprolol']

answer: @entity2179 :: (MESH:D017298,Chemical) :: ['bisoprolol']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate factors associated with the outcome after surgical resection and to compare the efficacy of surgery to transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) in @entity1 with advanced @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 273 @entity1 with @entity1419 treated in our department between 1997 and 2012 were included in our study. @entity1 were divided according to therapy into surgical (n  =  130), TACE (n  =  32), and systemic chemotherapy/best supportive care (n  =  111) groups. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates in @entity1 after surgical resection were 60%, 40%, and 23%, respectively. Recurrence occurred in 63 percent of @entity1 after R0 resection. Median time of recurrence-free survival was 14 months. Univariate analysis revealed nine significant risk factors for overall survival in the resection group: major surgery, extrahepatic resection, vascular and bile duct resection, lymph node invasion, poor @entity5 differentiation, positive surgical margin, multiple lesions, @entity5 diameter, and UICC-Stage. Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node @entity3 (P  <  0.001), poor @entity5 differentiation (P  =  0.002), and positive resection margins (P  =  0.001) were independent prognostic factors for survival. Median survival as well as overall survival rates of TACE @entity1 were comparable to those of lymph node positive @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity5 positive surgical margins. CONCLUSIONS: R0 resection in @entity1 with negative lymph node status remains the best chance for long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity1419 . There is no significant survival benefit of surgery in lymph node positive @entity1 or @entity1 with positive resection margin over TACE.

title: Comparison of resection and transarterial chemoembolisation in the treatment of advanced XXXX --a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['IHC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the treatment of @entity302 , the recommendation to add vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) to the best available drug therapy (BDT) mostly relies on uncontrolled studies which provide limited information about VNS-specific benefits. We report findings from a retrospective matched pairs case-control study comparing the long-term (>2 years) outcomes of BDT with or without VNS. METHODS: Included were adult @entity1 with therapy-refractory @entity302 who had undergone the pre-surgical work-up (baseline) and subsequently received BDT with VNS (BDT+VNS) or BDT alone (BDT group). @entity1 were matched in pairs for age, gender and follow-up. Health outcomes were assessed at least 24 months after the baseline by comprehensive postal surveys and included established psychometric scales. RESULTS: We obtained data from 20 matched pairs of case and control @entity1 . In both groups, @entity410 , health-related quality of life and mood improved over time. More BDT @entity1 experienced a complete cessation of "major" @entity410 (12/20 vs. 4/20) whereas, in non- @entity410 free @entity1 , BDT+VNS @entity1 showed better @entity410 frequency reduction (>50% reduction: 12/19 vs. 7/16). BDT+VNS @entity1 experienced equal drug related and additional VNS related side effects. No clinically relevant effect of VNS treatment was found on any psychological/psychosocial outcome measure. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study provided no positive evidence for therapeutic benefits of adding VNS to BDT. The follow-up health status of BDT+VNS @entity1 was slightly worse than in @entity1 receiving BDT alone. Despite minor group differences at baseline the two @entity1 groups who had failed presurgical evaluation were comparable. Therapeutic improvements during long-term BDT alone are often underestimated resulting in a misattribution of positive changes to VNS in uncontrolled studies and reviews. Currently, there is no incontrovertible evidence for the clinical effectiveness of adding VNS to BDT.

title: Comprehensive long-term outcome of best drug treatment with or without add-on vagus nerve stimulation for XXXX : a retrospective matched pairs case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Genetically determined loss of fibrocystin function causes @entity7872 ( @entity7872 ), @entity13550 ( @entity13550 ), and @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity28004 of the intrahepatic bile ducts and progressive portal fibrosis characterize liver pathology in @entity7872 / @entity13550 . At a cellular level, several functional morphological and signaling changes have been reported including increased levels of 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( @entity268 ). In this study we addressed the relationships between increased @entity268 and b-catenin. In cholangiocytes isolated and cultured from @entity41173 ( @entity41174 ) @entity19 , stimulation of @entity268 /PKA signaling ( @entity1928 10  M) stimulated Ser(675) -phosphorylation of b-catenin, its nuclear localization, and its transcriptional activity (western blot and TOP flash assay, respectively) along with a down-regulation of @entity3112 expression (immunocytochemistry and western blot); these changes were inhibited by the PKA blocker, PKI (1  M). The Rho-GTPase, @entity5844 , was also significantly activated by @entity268 in @entity41173 ( @entity41174 ) cholangiocytes. @entity5844 inhibition blocked @entity268 -dependent nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of pSer(675) -b-catenin. Cell migration (Boyden chambers) was significantly higher in cholangiocytes obtained from @entity41173 ( @entity41174 ) and was inhibited by: (1) PKI, (2) silencing b-catenin (siRNA), and (3) the @entity5844 inhibitor @entity7186 . CONCLUSION: These data show that in fibrocystin-defective cholangiocytes, @entity268 /PKA signaling stimulates pSer(675) -phosphorylation of b-catenin and @entity5844 activity. In the presence of activated @entity5844 , pSer(675) -b-catenin is translocated to the nucleus, becomes transcriptionally active, and is responsible for increased motility of @entity41173 ( @entity41174 ) cholangiocytes. b-Catenin-dependent changes in cell motility may be central to the pathogenesis of the disease and represent a potential therapeutic target.

title: Protein kinase A-dependent pSer(675) -b-catenin, a novel signaling defect in a XXXX model of @entity7872 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ARPKD', 'autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity7872 :: ('MESH:C562378', 'Disease') :: ['CHF', 'congenital hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity28004 :: ('MESH:C537755', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Caroli disease']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of serum @entity1904 (PCT) in diagnosis of @entity693 in @entity1 and its efficacy in differential diagnosis. METHODS: The study included 40 @entity1 of @entity693 admitted in pediatric ward with @entity221 , @entity10 , @entity391 and @entity410 , up to 14  y of age. The diagnosis of @entity693 was based on clinical features; physical examination, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytochemical findings, gram's stain and bacterial culture. Fifteen cases of @entity5827 admitted during same period were also included in the study, and 15 @entity1 with normal CSF were taken as control. Serum PCT was measured by ELISA Kit. RESULTS: Serum PCT level was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity693 than those with @entity5827 or in controls (p   <   0.001). In culture and gram's stain positive 7 cases, serum @entity1904 was significantly elevated (24,768.21        6,567.45  pg/mL) than @entity5827 (14,451.24        4,266.15  pg/mL) (p   <   0.001). Further its level was found significantly elevated in partially treated @entity693 as compared to @entity5827 cases (p   <   0.001). At optimum cut off value of >=  5,000  pg/mL, based on area under ROC curve, PCT showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 98.5  %, 93.5  %, 98.6  % and 93.3  % respectively. Serum PCT with cut off level of 15,000  pg/ml showed sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 and NPV of 92  %, 67  %, 91.4  % and 71.4  % respectively for the differentiation of septic from @entity5827 . CONCLUSIONS: Serum PCT may be used as diagnostic marker for @entity693 and its differentiation from @entity5827 .

title: Serum @entity1904 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['septic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['septic meningitis']