abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated whether visualization of the drainage system of the prostate by free @entity3194 would lead to identification of all or even more lymph node @entity3 detected by super-extended pelvic lymph node dissection in an intermediate and high risk @entity1 population with @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 38 consecutive @entity1 with intermediate or high risk @entity263 according to the D'Amico criteria underwent fluorescence targeted pelvic lymph node dissection during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Super-extended pelvic lymph node dissection was added as the control. @entity1 with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, macroscopic lymph node involvement or prior transurethral prostate resection were excluded from study. Statistical descriptive methods, and the chi-square test and independent t-test were used to analyze data. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 64.9 years (range 46 to 74) and mean preoperative @entity1486 was 13.8 ng/ml (range 0.3 to 44). A total of 23 (60.5%) and 15 cases (39.5%) were classified as intermediate and high risk, respectively. Fluorescence stained nodes were found on each side in all except 1 @entity1 . A total of 700 lymph nodes (mean    SD 18.4    8.2 per @entity1 ) were removed, of which 531 (75% of all nodes) were fluorescence stained (mean 14      8.07 per @entity1 ). Lymph node @entity3 were found in 15 @entity1 (39.5%). Two @entity1 (5.3%) had a solitary micrometastasis and 3 (7.9%) had nodes containing @entity5 cells. @entity3 were found outside the extended pelvic lymph node dissection template in 5 of 15 @entity1 (33.3%). Three of those 5 @entity1 attained a @entity1486 nadir of less than 0.1 ng/ml 6 weeks postoperatively. Fluorescence targeted pelvic lymph node dissection showed superior sensitivity and negative predictive value compared to extended and super-extended pelvic lymph node dissection to detect lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Fluorescence targeted pelvic lymph node dissection allows for the lymphatic drainage of the prostate to be identified with great reliability. Since only the nodes draining the prostate are removed, the absolute number of removed nodes is decreased while diagnostic accuracy is increased.

title: Fluorescence Guided Targeted Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Intermediate and High Risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: @entity43 is one of the major causes of @entity204 among @entity1 . The increasing knowledge about molecular events involved in the early stages of ovarian tumorigenesis may provide the basis for management in the future. In a series of 109 @entity1 with @entity189 in FIGO stages IA-IIC, a number of clinicopathologic prognostic factors (age, FIGO stage, histopathologic type, and @entity5 grade) were studied in relation to the biologic factors @entity876 , @entity588 , and @entity589 , which are important regulators of apoptosis. Immunohistochemical techniques were used. All the @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy after the primary surgery. Univariate analysis showed that expression of @entity876 was significantly associated with @entity5 grade (P = 0.014), probability of persistent disease (P = 0.016), and @entity5 -specific survival rate (P = 0.007). Positive @entity588 staining was associated with @entity5 subtype (P = 0.029) and a favorable @entity5 grade distribution (P = 0.034), but not with the survival status. The combined @entity876 - @entity588 expression was related to histopathologic subtype (P = 0.032), @entity5 grade (P = 0.011), persistent disease (P = 0.014), and risk of dying due to the disease (P = 0.039). The @entity589 status was not a prognostic factor, but the combined @entity876 - @entity589 expression showed an association with FIGO stage (P = 0.014), @entity5 grade (P = 0.034), persistent disease (P = 0.006), and risk of dying due to the disease (P = 0.039). The combined @entity588 - @entity589 expression was related to histopathologic subtype (P = 0.045) and @entity5 grade (P = 0.022). In a multivariate Cox analysis, @entity5 grade (P = 0.014), and @entity876 status (P = 0.020) were independent and significant prognostic factors with regard to the @entity5 -specific survival rate.

title: The prognostic importance of @entity876 , XXXX , and @entity589 in early @entity43 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endometrioid tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial carcinomas']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The PI3K/ @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway is aberrantly activated in many @entity5 including @entity11 and @entity2946 . Preclinical data in a pediatric @entity11 model demonstrated that the combination of @entity16449 ( @entity584 inhibitor) and @entity13850 ( @entity3470 inhibitor) is more potent at inhibiting the axis than either agent alone. We conducted this study to assess pharmacokinetics and identify the maximum tolerated dose for the combination. PROCEDURE: We performed a standard 3+3 phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study in @entity1 with recurrent/refractory @entity5 . Four dose levels of @entity16449 (25-75 mg/m(2) /day) and @entity13850 (25-75 mg/m(2) IV weekly) were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (median age 8.5 years) with @entity1313 ( @entity11 [ @entity11 ] n = 8, high-grade @entity11 n = 6, medulloblastoma n = 2, @entity424 n = 1), @entity521 (n = 4), or @entity980 (n = 2) were treated. The combination was generally well tolerated and no dose-limiting @entity137 was encountered. The most common grade 3 or 4 @entity137 (at least possibly related) were @entity882 (38.1%), @entity1398 (23.8%), @entity2905 (23.8%), and @entity1007 (19.0%). Pharmacokinetic findings for @entity13850 were similar to those observed in the @entity13850 single-agent phase II pediatric study and pharmacokinetic findings for @entity16449 were similar to those in adults. Stable disease was seen in 9 of 11 subjects with @entity11 or high-grade @entity11 ; no partial or complete responses were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of these @entity584 and @entity3470 inhibitors was safe and feasible in @entity1 with recurrent/refractory @entity5 .

title: A phase I study of XXXX with @entity13850 for recurrent @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13850 :: ('MESH:C401859', 'Chemical') :: ['temsirolimus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity16449 :: ('MESH:C105905', 'Chemical') :: ['perifosine']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma', 'gliomas', 'DIPG', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity16449 :: (MESH:C105905,Chemical) :: ['perifosine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10545 is a @entity5 that is mainly located in the lower limbs. According to Campanacci the proximal femur is involved in 25% of cases. We present a series of 44 cases of @entity10545 located in the neck of the femur or the lesser trochanter treated by the minimally invasive method, CT-guided percutaneous bone resection and drilling (PBRD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This series included 44 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 , treated between 1987 and 2012. The average age at surgery was 12.7  years old (range 4-34). The diagnosis was based on the "association" of scintigraphy (hyperfixation) - CT scan (nidus located on the femoral neck or near the lesser trochanter). These @entity1 underwent CT-guided PBRD under general anesthesia. Specific ancillary material was used to reach and remove the nidus and a cylinder of bone was sent to the pathologist for assessment. A lateral or anterior approach was used in all cases except one in which a posterior incision was made. Histological confirmation was obtained in 23 cases (the bone fragment was damaged in 21  cases). RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were reviewed after a minimum follow-up of one year (12-56  months). Two @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Results were evaluated clinically and on CT scan 1 year after surgery: there were 35  cures with complete and permanent @entity158 relief. There were 5  failures and 1 case of recurrence requiring a second CT-guided PBRD procedure as well 2  complications involving @entity3330 (one associated with failure). DISCUSSION: The proximal femur is a common location of @entity10545 . Treatment requires careful preoperative planning to determine the surgical approach for safe removal. PBRD is a minimally invasive technique, allowing complete resection with suitable ancillary equipment. This method should be compared with thermoablation, which is a similar technique. CONCLUSION: CT-guided PBRD is a therapeutic option in case of @entity10545 of the proximal femur. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

title: XXXX of the proximal femur: Treatment by percutaneous bone resection and drilling (PBRD). A report of 44 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign osteogenic tumor']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoid osteoma', 'osteoid osteoma']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['Osteoid osteoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are populations of cells responsible for @entity5 initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance in many @entity5 . In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern and clinical significance of two CSC markers, @entity5439 and @entity15155 , in a series of @entity1489 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirteen @entity982 blocks from @entity1489 including 16 (14%) cases of @entity320 , 37 (33%) of @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) and 60 (53%) of @entity5702 ( @entity5702 ) were collected and assembled in a @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ). The samples were immunohistochemically examined for the expression of @entity5439 and @entity15155 . Expression of these markers was also correlated with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the expression of @entity5439 and @entity15155 in @entity320 , @entity1544 and @entity5702 (p value=0.001). Furthermore, the level of expression was significantly higher in the @entity320 compared to the @entity1544 and @entity5 . Expression of @entity5439 in the @entity320 was significantly associated with increased @entity5 invasiveness (p value=0.05), a higher rate of @entity3 (p value=0.04) and the presence of @entity1066 (p value=0.02). Increased expression of @entity15155 was observed in @entity320 (p value=0.04), while no statistically significant correlation was found with other clinicopathological parameters including Breslow thickness, Clark level and @entity1066 . CONCLUSIONS: Elevated expression levels of @entity5439 and @entity15155 in the @entity320 are associated with advanced disease, with more aggressive and metastatic @entity1489 . Therefore, these markers could be potential therapeutic targets for @entity5 of the skin.

title: Co-Expression of Putative Cancer Stem Cell Markers, @entity5439 and XXXX , in @entity1489 .

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'BCC tumors', 'cancers', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors', 'skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell cancer', 'BCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity15155 :: (10763,Gene) :: ['Nestin']


abstract: A consecutive series of 130 review-confirmed cases of @entity513 of breast ( @entity0 ) in @entity1 without previous @entity0 was analyzed. Histologic variables assessed included histologic pattern, nuclear grade, @entity39 , and involved duct counts. These were correlated with presentation, extent of @entity0 in the breast, completeness of excision, and outcome. Comedo @entity0 had an occult presentation significantly more often than noncomedo @entity0 . Micropapillary @entity0 was significantly more likely than other patterns to involve multiple quadrants of breast, irrespective of nuclear grade or @entity39 . Solid @entity0 was significantly more often completely excised when compared with all other patterns, while high-grade @entity0 was significantly more often incompletely excised compared with low-grade @entity0 . Follow-up showed invasive recurrence in 16% of cases treated by primary local excision only and 3% cases treated by mastectomy or with re-excision. Of local excision cases with follow-up longer than 3 years, 22% had invasive recurrence. Invasive recurrence only followed high-grade @entity0 and most often followed comedo @entity0 . The need for strict definition of categories of @entity0 is stressed.

title: XXXX of the breast: the relevance of histologic categorization.

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['noninvasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['Noninvasive ductal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6962 of the lung is a rare @entity5 . We evaluated the diagnosis and treatment of six @entity6962 cases, including a @entity5 and a solitary @entity5 , along with the clinical and histological features and survival times. METHODS: From a retrospective analysis of 1076 @entity1149 resections performed between January 1996 and January 2011, six @entity1 (0.5%) with @entity358 (all males; mean age 58 years; range 53-66) who underwent surgical treatment were studied. RESULTS: The mean @entity5 pathological T diameter was 7.2   cm (median 6   cm, range 3-14.5   cm). Only one @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity6962 preoperatively. The clinical presentation and @entity5 localisations differed. The operations performed were a lobectomy (n = 4), pneumonectomy (n = 1), and bilobectomy (n = 1). Histologically, the epithelial characteristics of the @entity5 were consistent with @entity957 in most of the @entity1 . A complete resection was performed in all six @entity1 . No mortality occurred in the early postoperative period. The median survival time was 9 (3-25) months. CONCLUSION: The preoperative diagnosis of @entity6962 of the lung is difficult due to the composition of the different histopathological structures. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice for @entity358 , although further studies are needed.

title: Evaluation of six @entity1 with XXXX with a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumour', 'synchronous tumour', 'tumours', 'malignant neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma', 'Carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary carcinosarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4701 mutation in @entity3492 gene is the most frequent mutation in genetic @entity393 . The carrier screening for @entity4701 mutation to identify affected newborns is at the moment relatively inexpensive method for @entity2319 diagnosis. The casual treatment of @entity3492 is impossible. @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is a method allowing transfer mutation free embryos and successful pregnancies. It's an established procedure allowing genetic research of the oocyte before fertilization or embryo before implantation to the uterus. AIM: The aim of the present work was to perform @entity74 for @entity3492 @entity4701 mutation in a couple who had already a @entity1 affected with genetic @entity393 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 underwent a standard IVF procedure associated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. 6   8 cell embryos were biopsied on day 3. Single cell nested PCR-RFLP protocol and sequence analysis for @entity74 was used for the detection of @entity3492 @entity4701 mutation. RESULTS: In the course of IVF- @entity74 procedures, from 6 analyzed embryos 3 were predicted to be free of @entity3492 @entity4701 mutation in both alleles. Two embryos were heterozygous and one was affected for this mutation as homozygous mutation in both alleles. Of these, one healthy embryo was transferred, resulting in an unaffected singleton pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) of monogenic disorders is a very efficient method, especially for @entity1 whose previous @entity1 is homozygous for @entity74 . It offers new possibilities for the treatment for @entity74 carriers.

title: [Preimplantaion genetic diagnosis of @entity393 with @entity4701 mutation in XXXX gene - preliminary report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PGD', 'genetic disorders', 'Preimplantation genetic diagnosis', 'genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity3492 :: (2706,Gene) :: ['GJB2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3035 Background: @entity36705 , a cell surface glycoprotein is an attractive candidate for antibody-based therapies given its limited expression on normal mesothelial cells and overexpression in MM, @entity43 and @entity788 . To target @entity36705 we developed the immunotoxin-SS1P, consisting of an anti- @entity36705 Fv linked to a mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin that mediates cell killing. Based on the antitumor activity of SS1P in preclinical studies we initiated a multicenter phase I clinical trial of SS1P. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 (pts) had previously treated MM, @entity43 and @entity788 , ECOG PS 0-2, and @entity5 @entity36705 expression as determined by immunohistochemistry. SS1P was administered intravenously over 30 minutes every other day (QOD) for 6 or 3 doses. RESULTS: A total of 20 pts (7 peritoneal MM; 4 pleural MM; 8 @entity43 ; 1 @entity788 ) have been treated to date. On the QOD x 6 schedule 17 pts were treated at 4 dose levels (8, 12, 18 and 25  g/kg/dose) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of SS1P was 18  g/kg/dose. Dose limiting @entity137 (DLT's) included Grade 3 @entity110 (1 pt) and @entity455 ( @entity455 ) (2 pts). Grade 2 @entity137 included @entity4988 , @entity490 , @entity158 , asymptomatic @entity1143 and @entity455 . Since the DLT's on the SS1P QOD x 6 schedule were seen in pts who had received more than 4 doses of SS1P, the protocol was amended to treat pts QOD x 3 doses to allow further dose escalation. Three pts have been treated on the QOD x 3 schedule at 25  g/kg/dose with no DLT's and dose escalation is ongoing. Of the 17 evaluable pts treated, 10 had stable disease; 2 had minor response and 5 had progressive disease. One pt with @entity43 had complete resolution of abdominal and pelvic @entity843 lasting 6 months; 1 pt with peritoneal MM has had complete resolution of abdominal @entity843 lasting >30 months and has required no further treatment. CONCLUSIONS: SS1P is well tolerated and shows promising clinical activity including resolution of @entity843 and stable disease in some pts. SS1P could be potentially useful in pts with small volume disease and @entity843 who have failed standard chemotherapy. Dose escalation on the QOD x 3 schedule is ongoing. [Table: see text].

title: Targeted therapy of XXXX expressing mesotheliomas (MM), @entity43 ( @entity43 ) and @entity788 ( @entity788 ): Results of phase I study of SS1(dsFv)PE38 (SS1P).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular leak syndrome', 'VLS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural and pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic pain']

entities_list: @entity36705 :: ('10232', 'Gene') :: ['mesothelin', 'Mesothelin']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity36705 :: (10232,Gene) :: ['mesothelin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Group A streptococci (GAS) and other b-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) cause @entity7551 , severe invasive disease and serious nonsuppurative sequelae including @entity6331 and @entity631 . The aim of this study was to assess carriage rates and anti-streptococcal C5a peptidase (anti- @entity25513 ) IgG levels and identify epidemiologic factors related to carriage or seropositivity in Australian @entity1 . METHODS: A throat swab and blood sample were collected for microbiological and serological analysis (anti- @entity25513 IgG) in 542 healthy @entity1 aged 0-10 years. Sequence analysis of the @entity25513 gene was performed. Serological analysis used a competitive Luminex Immunoassay designed to preferentially detect functional antibody. RESULTS: GAS-positive culture prevalence in throat swabs was 5.0% (range 0-10%), with the highest rate in 5 and 9 years old @entity1 . The rate of non-GAS BHS carriage was low (<1%). The @entity25513 gene was present in all 22 isolates evaluated. As age of @entity1 increased, the rate of carriage increased; odds ratio, 1.14 (1.00, 1.29); P = 0.50. Geometric mean anti- @entity25513 titers increased with each age-band from 2 to 7 years, then plateaued. Age, geographic location and number of @entity1 within the household were significantly associated with the presence of anti- @entity25513 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 are exposed to GAS and other BHS at a young age, which is important for determining the target age for vaccination to protect before the period of risk.

title: Group A Streptococcal Carriage and Seroepidemiology in XXXX up to 10 Years of Age in Australia.

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['post streptococcal glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Despite major attempts to prevent @entity3081 transmission, millions of @entity1 worldwide still must address this devastating disease. @entity3081 has so far mainly focused on the causative agent, the bacterium @entity1838 , or on disease treatment, but rarely were results from both fields interconnected. Indeed, the treatment of this severe @entity5163 is mostly accomplished by oral rehydration therapy (ORT), whereby water and electrolytes are replenished. Commonly distributed oral rehydration salts also contain @entity413 . Here, we analyzed the effects of @entity413 and alternative @entity505 sources on the production of virulence determinants in the causative agent of @entity3081 , the bacterium @entity1838 during in vitro experimentation. We demonstrate that virulence gene expression and the production of @entity3081 toxin are enhanced in the presence of @entity413 or similarly transported @entity3363 in a ToxR-, TcpP- and ToxT-dependent manner. The virulence genes were significantly less expressed if alternative non-PTS @entity505 sources, including @entity579 -based starch, were utilized. Notably, even though @entity413 -based ORT is commonly used, field studies indicated that @entity579 -based ORT performs better. We therefore used a spatially explicit epidemiological model to demonstrate that the better performing @entity579 -based ORT could have a significant impact on epidemic progression based on the recent outbreak of @entity3081 in Haiti. Our results strongly support a change of @entity505 source for the treatment of @entity3081 , especially in epidemic settings.

title: XXXX - but Not @entity579 -Based Oral Rehydration Therapy Enhances the Production of Virulence Determinants in the @entity1 Pathogen @entity1838 .

entities_list: @entity3081 :: ('MESH:D002771', 'Disease') :: ['Cholera research', 'cholera']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: @entity16366 hydroxylase from @entity11763 and @entity2697 hydroxylase from @entity15250 have been reconstituted with 13C- and 15N-enriched FAD. The protein preparations were studied by @entity7352 -NMR, 15N-NMR and 31P-NMR techniques in the oxidized and in the two-electron-reduced states. The chemical shift values are compared with those of free @entity1785 in water or @entity3636 . It is shown that the pi electron distribution in oxidized free @entity16366 hydroxylase is comparable to free @entity1785 in water, and it is therefore suggested that the @entity1785 ring is solvent accessible. Addition of substrate has a strong effect on several resonances, e.g. C2 and N5, which indicates that the @entity1785 ring becomes shielded from solvent and also that a conformational change occurs involving the positive pole of an alpha-helix microdipole. In the reduced state, the @entity1785 in @entity16366 hydroxylase is bound in the anionic form, i.e. carrying a negative charge at N1. The @entity1785 is bound in a more planar configuration than when free in solution. Upon binding of substrate the resonances of N1, C10a and N10 shift upfield. It is suggested that these upfield shifts are the result of a conformational change similar, but not identical, to the one observed in the oxidized state. The 13C chemical shifts of FAD bound to apo( @entity2697 hydroxylase) indicate that in the oxidized state the @entity1785 ring is also fairly solvent accessible in the free enzyme. Addition of substrate has a strong effect on the @entity3884 bond formed with O4 alpha. It is suggested that this is due to the exclusion of water from the active site by the binding of substrate. In the reduced state, the @entity1785 is anionic. Addition of substrate forces the @entity1785 ring to adopt a more planar configuration, i.e. a sp2-hybridized @entity51041 atom and a slightly sp3-hybridized N10 atom. The NMR results are discussed in relation to the reaction catalyzed by the enzymes.

title: NMR studies on @entity16366 hydroxylase from XXXX and @entity2697 hydroxylase from @entity15250 .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida']

entities_list: @entity16366 :: ('MESH:C038193', 'Chemical') :: ['p-Hydroxybenzoate', 'p-hydroxybenzoate']

answer: @entity11763 :: (294,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: To compare the clinical efficacies of inferior hypogastric plexus blockade and acupuncture in the management of @entity1118 (CPP). Methods: The study included 117 @entity1 with CPP. Group 1 included 62 @entity1 who underwent inferior hypogastric plexus blockade and group 2 included 55 @entity1 who underwent acupuncture. @entity158 level was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) immediately and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment. Results: The preprocedure VAS score was 7.6    0.15 in group 1 and 7.7    0.24 in group 2 (p > 0.05). @entity2371 decreased significantly in both groups after treatment, with pretreatment and posttreatment scores of 7.6    0.15 and 2.2    0.88, respectively, in group 1 (p < 0.0001) and 7.7    0.24 and 4.7    0.11, respectively, in group 2 (p < 0.0001). However, the decrease in @entity158 scores throughout the clinical follow-up was significantly more in group 1 than in group 2 (p< 0.0001). @entity1109 was achieved in 72.6% of @entity1 in group 1 compared to 54.5% of @entity1 in group 2 (p = 0.3737). @entity1 who did not benefit from the treatment were significantly more in group 2 than in group 1 (25.5% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.0294). No complications were reported in both groups. Conclusion: The study results showed that inferior hypogastric blockade had a 72.6% success rate and showed a significantly higher effect on reducing @entity158 intensity in a short period of time in the management of CPP, compared to acupuncture.

title: Inferior Hypogastric Plexus Blockade versus Acupuncture for the Management of Idiopathic XXXX : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Complete disappearance of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic chronic pelvic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pelvic Pain']


abstract: Aspects of the prenatal environment, including @entity134 hormones, modulate the timing of puberty onset in many @entity1 species. This study tested whether prenatal @entity342 manipulations altered pubertal development in male @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ). Pregnant females received @entity2609 (TE), the @entity342 receptor blocker @entity12194 , or vehicle during one of two periods of gestation, and their male offspring were observed for morphological, endocrine, and behavioral development from 3 to 4.5 years of age. Males exposed to @entity12194 early in gestation had a greater response to exogenous @entity1176 prepubertally, and greater testes volume, elevated @entity251 , and elevated LH at age 3.5 than did control subjects. Males exposed to @entity12194 late in gestation also had greater testes volumes at age 3.5 than did control males. However, these differences between @entity12194 treated males and control males did not persist postpubertally. By 4.5 years of age, development in control males had reached comparable levels to that of @entity12194 -treated males. Late gestation treatment with TE had no effect on morphological pubertal development but early TE treatment altered some aspects of endocrine function during puberty. None of the prenatal @entity342 manipulations affected @entity146 . These findings suggest that prenatal @entity3800 , in conjunction with social factors, masculinize pubertal timing in @entity2608 males.

title: Prenatal @entity342 blockade accelerates pubertal development in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey', 'Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity2609 :: ('MESH:C004648', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone enanthate']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: Studies using @entity1 -level data to determine the attributable cost of @entity364 ( @entity364 ) are few. Using a case-control study with activity-based costing of @entity1 admitted to a quaternary hospital from 2002 to 2007, we determined attributable hospitalization cost (and 12 weeks thereafter), length of stay (LOS), and costly antifungal treatment (C- @entity1129 ; liposomal @entity2379 , @entity5074 , @entity7143 , @entity11794 ), expressed as @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) per @entity4329 episode, in @entity1 with @entity1583 and hematopoietic stem cell recipients. Matching criteria and median regression modeling controlled for confounding variables, including LOS prior to @entity4329 onset. Multiple mycoses were identified in 43 matched case-control pairs (n=86). A separate sensitivity analysis included 22 unmatched @entity1 . @entity4329 status was associated with a median excess cost of AU 30,957 (95% confidence interval [CI]=AU 2,368 to AU 59,546; P=0.034), approximating at purchasing power parity US 21,203 (95% CI=US 1,622 to US 40,784) and    15,788 (95% CI=   1,208 to    30,368), increasing to AU 80,291 (95% CI=AU 33,636 to AU 126,946; P=0.001), i.e., US 54,993 (95% CI=US 23,038 to US 86,948) and    40,948 (95% CI=   17,154 to    64,742), with @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) requirement. Cost determinants were pharmacy costs (64%; P<0.001) inclusive of antifungal treatment (27%; P<0.001) and ward costs (27%; P=0.091), with proportions persisting through 12 weeks for 25 surviving matched pairs (pharmacy, 60% [P=0.12]; ward, 31% [P=0.21]). Median LOS was not significantly increased unless unmatched @entity1 were included (8 days, 95% CI=1.8 to 14 days; P=0.012). Excess C-ATs were 17 @entity2794 (95% CI=15 to 19 @entity2794 ; P<0.001) per case @entity1 and 19 @entity2794 (95% CI=16 to 22 @entity2794 ; P<0.001) per @entity1213 @entity1 . The sensitivity analysis was confirmatory (for median cost, AU 29,441, 95% CI=AU 5,571 to AU 53,310, P=0.016; for C- @entity1129 , 17 @entity2794 , 95% CI=16 to 18 @entity2794 , P<0.001). @entity4329 results in increased hospital and @entity1213 costs, with pharmacy costs, including antifungal treatment, being major determinants. Consumption of costly antifungal drugs may be a novel resource metric with wider generalizability than cost alone.

title: Attributable hospital cost and antifungal treatment of XXXX in high-risk hematology @entity1 : an economic modeling approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['invasive fungal diseases', 'IFDs']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['DDDs', 'defined daily doses']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['invasive fungal diseases']


abstract: @entity101 is a main risk factor for both initial and recurrent @entity64 . Compared to the post @entity64 situation in normotension, the @entity75 is larger in @entity101 , and the treatments may not be as effective. Thus, the results from healthy individuals may not be directly applied to the @entity101 . In fact, the high prevalence of @entity101 in @entity64 @entity1 and its devastating effect urge the necessity to integrate arterial @entity101 in the study of @entity64 in order to better mimic the clinical situations. The first step to do so is to have an appropriate @entity101 animal model for @entity64 studies. @entity64 -prone @entity2792 @entity35 (RHRSP) introduced in 1998, is an animal model with acquired @entity101 independent of @entity74 . The blood pressure begins to increase during the first week after constriction of bilateral renal arteries, and becomes sustained since around the 3rd month. Because the morphological and physiological changes of cerebral arteries are similar to those in @entity101 @entity1 , the @entity35 represent a higher than 60% incidence of spontaneous @entity64 . The animal model has several advantages: one hundred percent development of @entity101 without gene modification, high similarity to @entity1 @entity101 in cerebrovascular pathology and physiology, and easy establishment with low cost. Thus, the model has been extensively used in the investigation of @entity385 , and has been shown as a reliable animal model. This paper reviewed the features of RHRSP and its applications in the treatment and prevention of @entity64 , as well as the investigations of secondary lesions @entity64 .

title: @entity64 -prone @entity2792 XXXX as an animal model for @entity64 studies: from artery to brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14528 Background: We previously analyzed a large cohort of unresectable @entity157 @entity1 , ordered by survival. Significant new prognostic factors included @entity61433 ( @entity61433 ) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), as well as previously-described @entity160 ( @entity160 ). We wished to extend this approach to analysis of small @entity5 , which could have significance for screening, given @entity160 limitations. METHODS: A further 557 @entity1 with small HCCs who were diagnosed by screening, were analyzed for baseline serum @entity61433 , ALKP and @entity160 and ordered by @entity5 mass (size x number) and @entity5 number (one or > one). RESULTS: 355 @entity1 (pts) had @entity5 mass <3 (small) and 202 pts had mass >3 (larger). Small vs. @entity5 with @entity61433 >45 IU/l were 42% vs. 64%, @entity160 >25 ng/ml were 32% vs. 43%, ALKP >120 IU/l were 19% vs. 30%. Liver function was excellent, with total @entity648 being <1.3 mg/dl in 88% of each group and albumin being >3g/dl 96% of small and 95% of @entity5 . Thus, @entity61433 was elevated in 50% more pts than @entity160 in each group. The cohort was then analyzed according to presence of a single (73% of total) or more than one @entity5 . For 1 vs. >1 @entity5 , results were: elevated @entity61433 46% vs. 59%, elevated @entity160 37% vs. 41%, elevated ALKP 16% vs. 22%. Total @entity648 and albumin levels were similarly normal. For @entity5 mass <3, 100% of pts had a @entity5 ; for @entity5 mass >3, 25% pts had a @entity5 and 75% had >1. Age was remarkable as at <65 yrs (61% of pts) all pts had only a @entity5 with <3 @entity5 mass at <3cm diameter. For pts >65 yr (39% of pts) there was a steady increase in @entity5 size and # with age. CONCLUSIONS: For pts with small @entity5 and normal @entity648 who were diagnosed by radiological screening, there was a much higher % with elevated serum @entity61433 than @entity160 .

title: Serum gammaglutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and XXXX in small HCCs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity61433 :: ('102724197', 'Gene') :: ['gamma glutamyltranspeptidase', 'GGTP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'single tumor', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alfa-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

answer: @entity160 :: (174,Gene) :: ['alfa-fetoprotein']


abstract: To find out whether the hormonal response to feeding with protein solutions is influenced by the nature and degree of protein fractionation, we examined @entity2690 and glucagon responses after intake of protein solutions containing the same amount of @entity1568 (2.9 g each) in three @entity1 and three @entity1 . Four test meals (600 mL) [ @entity413 (419 kJ/L), @entity3587 ( @entity19992 ) and whey peptide hydrolysates (WPH) (921 and 963 kJ/L, respectively) and a @entity291 's @entity1267 ( @entity1267 ) containing complete milk proteins (2763 kJ/L)] were tested. Peptide hydrolysates elicited a faster increase in venous plasma @entity1522 than did @entity1267 (P < 0.05). Despite the higher @entity1735 content of the @entity1267 , the peptide hydrolysates elicited a peak @entity2690 response that was two and four times greater than that evoked by the @entity1267 and @entity413 solutions, respectively (P < 0.05). The @entity2690 response was closely related to the increase in plasma @entity1522 , especially @entity368 , @entity6778 , @entity4857 , @entity815 and @entity369 , regardless of the rate of gastric emptying. The three protein solutions elicited similar increases of plasma glucagon; however, the response was fastest for both peptide hydrolysates (P < 0.05) and more prolonged for the @entity1267 (P < 0.05). The glucagon response was linearly related to the increase in plasma @entity1522 , regardless of the rate of gastric emptying or meal composition (r = 0.93, r = 0.96 and r = 0.78, all P < 0.05, for the @entity19992 , WPH and @entity1267 ). Among the plasma @entity1522 , @entity669 (r = 0.82-0.98, P < 0.05) and @entity1853 (r = 0.98, P < 0.001) were most closely related to the plasma glucagon response. This study shows that the glucagon response to feeding with protein solutions depends on the increase in plasma @entity535 concentrations. The combined administration of @entity413 and peptide hydrolysates stimulates a synergistic release of @entity2690 , regardless of the protein source.

title: Plasma glucagon and @entity2690 responses depend on the rate of appearance of @entity1522 after ingestion of different protein solutions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'milk solution']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity572 is a common @entity85 in newborns. @entity1 with @entity572 , whether treated or untreated, have a higher incidence of early-onset @entity570 in adulthood. Evidence to support universal screening by physical examination or ultrasonography is limited and often conflicting. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force found insufficient evidence that screening for @entity572 prevents adverse outcomes. Physical examination screening is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America. These organizations recommend use of the Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers to screen @entity1 up to three months of age. Several recent studies support starting assessment for limited hip abduction at eight weeks of age, which is the most sensitive test for @entity572 from this age on. @entity1 with overtly dislocated or dislocatable hips should be referred to an orthopedist on a priority basis at the time of diagnosis. @entity1 with equivocal hip examination findings at birth can be reexamined in two weeks. If there is subluxation or dislocation at the follow-up examination, referral should be made at that time. If the examination findings are still equivocal, the @entity1 can undergo ultrasonography of the hips or be reexamined every few weeks through the first six weeks of life. Although equivocal findings commonly resolve spontaneously, @entity1 with persistent equivocal findings of @entity572 longer than six weeks should be evaluated by an orthopedist. Treatment generally involves flexion-abduction splinting. The benefits of treatment are unclear, and there are risks to treatment, most notably an increased occurrence of @entity2530 of the @entity2738 .

title: Common Questions About XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['developmental dysplasia of the hip', 'Developmental dysplasia of the hip']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal condition']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip']


abstract: In view of the shortcomings of the current system for postmarketing drug surveillance that is based on @entity137 (ADR) reporting, new approaches are needed. We describe an approach involving a combination of limited distribution, @entity1 and physician education, as well as a novel pharmaco-vigilance system that is capable of promoting the safe and adequate use of a new drug. Importantly, it provides the possibility of calculating true ADR occurrence rates, as the exposed population (denominator) and the number of @entity1 with events (numerator) are known. These measures were taken for the oral dual endothelin @entity2231 / @entity1627 ) antagonist @entity12584 (Tracleer). In recent guidelines issued by the European Society of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians and the WHO, this drug is considered as first-line oral treatment for the treatment of @entity120 , a devastating orphan disease associated with a poor prognosis. @entity12584 was approved in 2001/2 on the basis of two pivotal studies that showed improved exercise capacity and haemodynamic parameters while delaying time to clinical worsening. Elevations in serum liver aminotransferase levels of >3 times the upper limit of normal were noted in 10.2% of @entity1 (placebo-subtracted incidence). Therefore, liver function tests have to be performed on a regular basis. In addition, @entity12584 has potential as a teratogen. In the US, a controlled distribution network for @entity12584 (Tracleer) Access Program [T.A.P.]) and the development of a @entity1 database to follow @entity1 was set up. Accompanied by comprehensive physician and @entity1 education programmes, T.A.P. was developed to provide a mechanism to assist with the primary risk management goals for @entity12584 therapy, namely pregnancy prevention and liver enzyme monitoring and prevention of @entity99 . In Europe, the Tracleer) Excellence ( @entity43178 PMS) database is a novel European non-interventional, prospective, internet-based surveillance system initiated by the manufacturer in cooperation with the European Medicines Agency. It collected potential safety signals associated with @entity12584 use including adverse events, elevations of liver aminotransferase levels, other abnormal laboratory values, @entity204 and hospitalisation. @entity43178 PMS has accrued 79% of all known @entity1 in the EU and the data provide supportive 'real-life' evidence on the long-term safety of @entity12584 . The two different systems had similar goals and outcomes. The data received concerning thousands of @entity1 -years of use have confirmed the clinical trial results regarding product safety and the favourable benefit/risk ratio of @entity12584 , especially with regard to known type A adverse events. The clinical monitoring algorithm has also been confirmed. In addition, no rare type B events were uncovered despite the increased reporting rate. These systems might serve as templates for future pharmaco-vigilance efforts regarding drugs that require particular safety attention.

title: Risk management strategies in the postmarketing period : safety experience with the US and European XXXX surveillance programmes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary spontaneous adverse drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity12584 :: ('MESH:C086232', 'Chemical') :: ['Bosentan', 'bosentan']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

answer: @entity12584 :: (MESH:C086232,Chemical) :: ['bosentan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1920 -activated protein kinase ( @entity28890 ) is a key molecule of metabolic enhancement in skeletal muscle. We investigated whether @entity2449 (MET) acts directly on skeletal muscle, is transported into skeletal muscle via organic cation transporters (OCTs), and activates @entity28890 . MATERIALS/METHODS: Isolated @entity35 epitrochlearis and soleus muscles were incubated in vitro either in the absence or in the presence of MET. The activation status of @entity28890 , the intracellular energy status, and @entity413 and MET transport activity were then evaluated. The effect of @entity4444 , which is an OCT inhibitor, on @entity28890 activation was also examined. RESULTS: MET (10mmol/L, >= 60min) increased the phosphorylation of Thr(172) at the catalytic a subunit of @entity28890 in both muscles. @entity28890 activity assays showed that both AMPKa1 and @entity28890 activity increased significantly. The @entity28890 activation was associated with @entity1949 , which was estimated from the @entity855 , @entity1734 (PCr), and glycogen content, and with increased rates of @entity10546 (3MG) transport. MET did not change the basal phosphorylation status of insulin receptor signaling molecules. MET was transported into the cytoplasm in a time-dependent manner, and @entity4444 suppressed MET-induced @entity28890 phosphorylation and 3MG transport. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that MET is acutely transported into skeletal muscle by OCTs, and stimulates AMPKa1 and a2 activity in both fast- and slow-twitch muscle types, at least in part by reducing the energy state.

title: Evidence for organic cation transporter-mediated @entity2449 transport and XXXX -activated protein kinase activation in @entity35 skeletal muscles.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['energy deprivation']

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-methyl-d-glucose']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-adenosine monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['5'-adenosine monophosphate']


abstract: Biotinylated lectins and avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex were used to study the correlation between cellular glycoconjugates' expression and squamous maturation in normal @entity235 skin and in various @entity2785 . Normal skin tissue was obtained from five, male, random-source @entity235 , 5 to 7 years old. The @entity5 tested, selected from the files of our Department, were @entity957 from different tissue origin, five @entity420 with @entity1544 , and fourteen solid @entity189 with and without histologic evidence of @entity1544 . Except for mammary @entity189 , all @entity5 had been surgically excised from male @entity235 . Intermediate filament aggregation of twelve solid mammary @entity189 were studied electron microscopically. The basal and the lower spinous cells in normal skin and the less differentiated cells in @entity957 stained moderately with Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-I. Spinous and granular cell layers stained strongly with Phytolacca americana mitogen and Arachis hypogaea agglutinin. Both lectins stained well-differentiated cells in @entity957 . The electron microscopic study carried out in solid @entity189 of mammary glands revealed some relationship between the presence of intracytoplasmic tonofibrils and the binding of Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-I and Phytolacca americana mitogen to the @entity5 tested. Our results suggest that the glycosylation pattern occurring during normal keratinocyte differentiation is conserved in @entity957 and that Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-I and Phytolacca americana mitogen may represent useful tools in distinguishing poorly differentiated @entity957 from other poorly differentiated mammary @entity5 .

title: Lectin histochemistry on @entity1544 in different XXXX of @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['fifteen squamous cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinomas', 'gland carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoid perianal gland adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['epithelial tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between @entity2419 , associated @entity600 and @entity2008 . STUDY DESIGN: Sonograms of 70 fetuses with @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 were prospectively and retrospectively evaluated in our tertiary referral center for the nature of the @entity3384 or palate and for the nature of the associated anomalies. Additionally, karyotyping was performed in 63 of the 70 @entity1 (90%). RESULTS: The frequency of additional anomalies and the mortality rate in this selected population varied with the type of cleft. None of the fetuses presenting an isolated @entity3384 had additional anomalies and all survived. All fetuses presenting a median @entity2419 had concurrent anomalies (particularly of the central nervous system (90%)) and a fatal outcome. Associated defects were more frequent in fetuses with bilateral clefts (72%) than in those with unilateral clefts (48%). Fetuses with a @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 had a better survival rate (52%) than those with a @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 (35%). The frequency and type of @entity2008 varied with the type of cleft. The highest rate of @entity2008 was found in fetuses with median clefts (82%). CONCLUSIONS: Although no conclusions regarding the prevalence of chromosomal or other anomalies in @entity1 with a @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 in the general population could be drawn, the study revealed a strong relationship between the type of @entity2419 , associated @entity600 , @entity2008 and fetal outcome.

title: Fetal @entity3384 : sonographic diagnosis, XXXX , associated anomalies and postnatal outcome in 70 fetuses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'facial clefts', 'facial cleft']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip', 'unilateral cleft lip', 'bilateral cleft lip']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']


abstract: PURPOSE: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity900 is considered the standard regimen for @entity43 ( @entity43 ). A meta-analysis has shown that the incorporation of @entity8253 into first-line chemotherapy might improve long-term survival by 7-10%. We designed a phase I-II study in @entity1 with @entity43 using a combination of a fixed dose of @entity900 with @entity1311 and @entity1259 both given at escalating doses every 3 weeks. The objectives of this study were to determine both the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the antitumor activity of this combination. METHODS: Six different dose levels were planned. The starting doses were @entity900 75 mg/m2, @entity1311 140 mg/m2, and @entity1259 50 mg/m2. The doses of @entity1311 were escalated in 20-mg/m2 increments, alternating with 20-mg/m2 increments of @entity1259 . Ten @entity1 with @entity43 entered the phase I study. Three @entity1 each were enrolled at level I and level II and four @entity1 at level III, and at each level, 15 courses were administered. @entity1 received a median of five courses. RESULTS: Nonhematological @entity137 was generally mild, except for grade 3 @entity33 in one course at levels II and III, and grade 3 @entity391 in one course at levels I and III. @entity1503 were grade 3-4 @entity1398 in 60%, 47% and 60% of courses at levels I, II and III, respectively, and grade 3 @entity417 in one course at level III. At level III two of four @entity1 developed a dose-limiting @entity137 which was grade 4 @entity1398 lasting more than 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: The MTD was reached at level II with @entity900 75 mg/m2, @entity1311 160 mg/m2, and @entity1259 50 mg/m2. The phase II part of the study is currently ongoing.

title: @entity900 and escalating doses of @entity1311 and XXXX in @entity43 . A phase I study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['AOC', 'advanced ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Atypical and @entity5 are a rare disease whose histological definition is still recent. Their management is not consensual. The aim of this study was to review the outcome, prognostic factors and the role of complementary therapies. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2007, 36 @entity1 with atypical or @entity5 were managed in our hospital. All surgical specimens were reviewed according to the 2007 WHO classification system. The sex ratio was 1.25 male, the median age was 59 years. The median follow-up was 55 months. Thirty @entity1653 were atypical and six were malignant. RESULTS: Five and 10 years overall survival rate are respectively 72 and 41%, whereas 5 and 10 years progression free survival rate are 61 and 23%. We only identify female sex, age over 70 years and Karnofsky status under 70% as negative prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Atypical and @entity5 are difficult to manage and have high recurrence and poor survival rates. The prognostic of @entity2172 is heterogeneous. Adjuvant radiation therapy is recommended in case of malignant menigioma or in case of @entity1653 if incomplete surgical excision is performed.

title: [Management of WHO grade II and II XXXX : retrospective study of surgical series of 36 cases at a single institution].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['atypical meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['OMS II meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: A unique form of @entity358 develops in @entity11584 . This report describes the gross, histologic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of this @entity5 in 6 @entity11584 . DNA in-situ hybridization for polyomavirus in the @entity5 was also performed. The @entity5 was comprised predominantly of compact sheets of anaplastic round to polygonal cells. All @entity5 had a high mitotic index, and had occasional large clear to slightly basophilic intranuclear inclusions that caused peripheral dispersal or complete masking of chromatin. @entity5 were invasive but convincing metastases were not observed. Transmission electron microscopy identified intracytoplasmic intermediate filaments, desmosomes between cells, and intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations corresponding to the intranuclear inclusions in light microscopic sections. Neoplastic cells stained positive for vimentin, lysozyme, and in 1 bird, pan cytokeratin. All 6 @entity2 were negative for avian polyomavirus using the FN-19/FN-40 cocktail and the long VP-1 probe. We propose that these @entity5 may be poorly differentiated @entity189 of pulmonary or thymic origin.

title: Histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features of a unique @entity2 in @entity11584 ( XXXX ): six cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary malignancy']

answer: @entity11584 :: (13180,Species) :: ['Nymphicus hollandicus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While evidence for oxidative injury is frequently detected in brains of @entity1 affected by @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and in relevant animal models, there is uncertainty regarding its cause. We tested the potential role of @entity5533 in the oxidative injury that characterizes @entity191 . METHODS: Utilizing brains of @entity20098 a- @entity20309 and ntg @entity19 , and cultured cells, we analyzed @entity5533 activity and expression, and performed biochemical analyses of peroxisomal metabolites. RESULTS: Lower @entity5533 expression and lower activity levels were detected in @entity20098 a- @entity20309 brains and a- @entity20309 -expressing cells. The effect on @entity5533 activity was independent of disease progression, represented by @entity19 age and a- @entity20309 mutation, suggesting a potential physiological function for a- @entity20309 . Notably, @entity5533 activity and expression were unaffected in brains of @entity19 modeling @entity195 . Moreover, we found that a- @entity20309 expression downregulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( @entity3229 )y, which controls @entity5533 transcription. Importantly, activation of either PPARy2, @entity3229 or retinoic X receptor eliminated the inhibiting effect of a- @entity20309 on @entity5533 activity. In addition, activation of these nuclear receptors enhanced the accumulation of soluble a- @entity20309 oligomers, resulting in a positive association between the degree of soluble a- @entity20309 oligomers and @entity5533 activity. Of note, a comprehensive biochemical analysis of specific peroxisomal metabolites indicated no signs of @entity409 in specific peroxisomal activities in brains of @entity20098 a- @entity20309 @entity19 . INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that a- @entity20309 expression may interfere with the complex and overlapping network of nuclear receptors transcription activation. In result, @entity5533 activity is affected through mechanisms involved in the regulation of soluble a- @entity20309 oligomers.

title: The regulation of @entity5533 activity by XXXX y is affected by a-synuclein.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity3229 :: (19013(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PPAR']


abstract: This randomized open-label study compared the incidence of metabolic side effects of @entity1770 , @entity1280 and @entity1089 in a population of medication-na  ve first-episode @entity716 @entity1 . A total of 202 subjects were enrolled. Body weight, body mass index, @entity1243 , fasting lipids and fasting glycaemic parameters were measured at baseline and at 3 months follow-up. A hundred and sixty-six @entity1 completed the follow-up and were included in the analyses. A high proportion of @entity1 experienced a significant weight increase (>7% of their baseline weight): 23% @entity1280 (n=12), 32% with @entity1089 (n=16) and 45% with @entity1770 (n=31). @entity1 treated with @entity1770 gained significantly more weight than the @entity1 in the @entity1280 group (1.2 kg [SD=4.1] versus 4.3 kg [SD=4.8], respectively). The increase in @entity1243 levels was greater in @entity1 treated with @entity1770 than in those treated with @entity1280 (p=0.030). Mean prolactin levels significantly increased in @entity1 treated with @entity1089 and @entity1280 but not in those treated with @entity1770 . @entity1 treated with @entity1089 and @entity1770 showed a significant increase in total @entity165 and LDL- @entity165 plasma levels. @entity1089 -treated @entity1 resulted in a higher increase in LDL- @entity165 than @entity1 treated with @entity1280 (p=0.021). No other significant differences between groups were found. No significant changes in glycaemic parameters were observed. Our results suggest that @entity1280 has a lower liability for inducing @entity1017 and @entity14822 than @entity1770 or @entity1089 .

title: Comparison of metabolic effects of @entity1770 , @entity1089 and XXXX after 12 weeks of treatment in first treated episode of @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1280 :: (MESH:C092292,Chemical) :: ['ziprasidone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity6211 therapy in selected cases of @entity4810 . DESIGN: Placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. SETTING: University tertiary referral center. @entity1 (S): One @entity249 @entity1 (ages 20-40 years) with the following baseline sperm selection criteria: concentration, 10-20 x 10(6)/mL; total motility, 10%-30%; forward motility, <15%; atypical forms, <70%; velocity, 10-30 micro/s; linearity, <4. Eighty-six @entity1 completed the study. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 underwent @entity6211 therapy 2 g/day or placebo; the study design was 2 months of washout, 2 months of therapy/placebo, 2 months of washout, and 2 months placebo/therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Variation in sperm parameters used in the @entity1 selection criteria, in particular, sperm motility. Excluding outliers, a statistically significant improvement in semen quality, greater than after the placebo cycle, was seen after the @entity6211 therapy for sperm concentration and total and forward sperm motility. The increase in forward sperm motility was more significant in those @entity1 with lower initial values, i.e., <5 x 10(6) or <2 x 10(6) of forward motile sperm/ejaculate or sperm/mL. CONCLUSION(S): Based on a controlled study of efficacy, @entity6211 therapy was effective in increasing semen quality, especially in groups with lower baseline levels. However, these results need to be confirmed by larger clinical trials and in vitro studies.

title: Use of XXXX therapy in selected cases of @entity4810 : a double-blind crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['hundred infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine']

answer: @entity6211 :: (MESH:D002331,Chemical) :: ['carnitine']


abstract: A 31-year-oldman presented with a 6-month history of right testicular enlargement. The @entity1 underwent a right inguinal orchiectomy. Histopathological examination showed @entity10711 ( @entity1466 ) which was confined to the tunica albuginea. The postoperative serum level of @entity160 ( @entity160 ) and @entity880 dehydrogenase were normal. Serum level of @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG), however, was 23,000 mIU/ml (normal, < 0.7 mIU/ml). A thoracic computed tomography (CT) at that time showed bilateral and multiple metastases to the lungs but the abdominal CT was normal. After the surgery, the @entity1 was treated with conventional doses of @entity900 , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 . On day 11 of the second chemotherapy course, the @entity1 developed @entity911 and right sided weakness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an @entity2806 in the left middle cerebral artery area. An echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular function and no @entity340 . Finally, the @entity1 completed one additional course of chemotherapy with considerable measures to prevent side effects. A thoracic CT at the end of the third cycle showed no evidence of @entity5 . At 3 months followup after chemotherapy, he suffered from partial @entity912 of right-sided upper and lower limbs but due to intensive rehabilitation he overcame the @entity912 and is able to walk by himself. There was no evidence of @entity5 recurrence.

title: [Case of brain infarction during @entity900 -based combined chemotherapy with @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma>seminoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular vegetations']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: On diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), @entity3 of the brain may exhibit different signal intensities (SI) depending on their histology and cellularity. The purpose of our study was to verify the hypotheses (1) that SI on DWI predict the histology of @entity3 and (2) that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values reflect @entity5 cellularity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed conventional MR images, DWI, and ADC maps of 26 metastatic @entity75 from 26 @entity1 , 13 of whom underwent surgery after the MR examination. Two radiologists performed qualitative assessment by consensus of the SI on DWI in areas corresponding to their enhancing portions. We measured the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) on T2-weighted images and normalized ADC (nADC) values, and compared them with @entity5 cellularity. RESULTS: The mean SI on DWI and the CNR on T2-weighted images were significantly lower in well differentiated than in poorly differentiated @entity420 and lesions other than @entity420 . The mean nADC value was significantly higher in well differentiated than poorly differentiated @entity420 and lesions other than @entity420 . All 3 small-cell @entity189 and 1 @entity152 exhibited high SI on DWI. The nADC value showed a significant inverse correlation with @entity5 cellularity. There was no significant correlation between the CNR and @entity5 cellularity. CONCLUSION: The SI on DWI may predict the histology of @entity3 ; well differentiated @entity420 tended to be hypointense, and small- and @entity152 showed hyperintensity. Their ADC values reflect @entity5 cellularity.

title: Diffusion-weighted imaging of metastatic brain tumors: comparison with histologic type and XXXX cellularity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma', 'large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative risk stratification is essential in tailoring @entity1204 treatment, and biomarkers predicting @entity1600 and @entity146 disease are aspired in clinical practice. DNA ploidy assessment in hysterectomy specimens is a well-established prognostic marker. DNA ploidy assessment in preoperative curettage specimens is less studied, and in particular in relation to the occurrence of @entity1600 . METHODS: Curettage image cytometry DNA ploidy in relation to established clinicopathological variables and outcome was investigated in 785 @entity1204 @entity1 prospectively included in the MoMaTEC multicentre trial. RESULTS: Diploid curettage status was found in 72.0%, whereas 28.0% were non-diploid. Non-diploid status significantly correlated with traditional @entity146 postoperative clinicopathological features, and was an independent predictor of @entity1600 among FIGO stage I-III @entity1 in multivariate analysis (OR 1.94, P=0.033). Non-diploid status was related to shorter disease-specific survival (5-year DSS of 74.4% vs 88.8% for diploid curettage, P<0.001). When stratifying by FIGO stage and lymph node status, the prognostic effect remained. However, in multivariate regression analysis, preoperative histological risk classification was a stronger predictor of DSS than DNA ploidy. CONCLUSIONS: Non-diploid curettage is significantly associated with @entity146 clinicopathological phenotype, @entity1600 , and poor survival in @entity1204 . The prognostic effect was also observed among subgroups with (presumably) less @entity146 traits, such as low FIGO stage and negative lymph node status. Our results indicate curettage DNA ploidy as a possible supplement to existing parameters used to tailor surgical treatment.

title: DNA ploidy in curettage specimens identifies high-risk @entity1 and @entity1600 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: Energy exchange based on Newtonian principles is the most appropriate way to express the function of any pump--including the heart. Using information obtained at cardiac catheterisation, we have measured the total work energy (ET) of the left ventricle (LV) (mean 1.63 F) in @entity1 with severe @entity339 (mean regurgitant fraction 0.66). ET was approximately 84% above normal. Of the regurgitant energy (RE) (mean 0.95 F), on average , 3/4 (73.6%) was kinetic (KE) and 1/4 (23.4%) @entity841 ( @entity841 ). Both components represent wasted LV energy: the kinetic energy associated with turbulence lost as heat, the @entity841 energy responsible for a rise in Left Atrial (LA) pressure. The amount of @entity841 as a percentage of total regurgitant energy (RE) varied considerably from one @entity1 to another (10.5% to 54.4%). Hence, colour flow mapping which detects only KE of turbulent jet flow must underestimate LV energy loss and, because of @entity1 to @entity1 variation, cannot consistently reflect severity of regurgitation. Measurements of @entity841 correlate well with wedge P-wave height. Corresponding non-invasive estimates were made using sphygmodynamometer-calibrated indirect carotid pulse tracings and echocardiographic measurements. These were not significantly different from the invasive measurements. Unfortunately, the calculation of @entity841 is indirect and involves subtraction, so that measurements for individual @entity1 were not accurate enough for clinical use. Part of the non-invasive calculation involved an estimate of left atrial pressure based on the blood pressure measurement and Doppler velocity of regurgitation; this should be a useful measurement in itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Left ventricular energy in XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'potential']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the articular manifestations of @entity11102 ( @entity11102 ) and to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of those manifestations. METHODS: A community- and hospital-based surveillance study of @entity11102 was conducted in Israel between 1991 and 2002. @entity11102 was defined as present in a @entity1 when a compatible clinical syndrome and a positive confirmatory finding of @entity2711 (by serology and/or polymerase chain reaction) were identified. @entity11102 @entity1 with @entity2720 ( @entity625 / @entity4841 ) that limited or precluded usual activities of daily living constituted the study group. @entity1 were followed up until > or =6 weeks after resolution of symptoms, or if symptoms persisted, for >/=12 months. @entity11102 @entity1 without @entity2720 served as controls. RESULTS: Among 841 @entity11102 @entity1 , 24 (2.9%) had rheumatoid factor-negative @entity2720 that was often severe and disabling. Both univariate and multivariate analyses identified female sex (67% of @entity2720 @entity1 versus 40% of controls; relative risk [RR] 2.5, P = 0.047), age older than 20 years (100% of @entity2720 @entity1 versus 43% of controls; RR 4.9, P = 0.001), and @entity5406 (21% of @entity2720 @entity1 versus 2% of controls; RR 7.9, P = 0.001) as variables significantly associated with @entity2720 . Knee, wrist, ankle, and @entity2720 were most frequently affected. Ten @entity1 (42%) had severe @entity2720 in the weight-bearing joints, which substantially limited their ability to walk, and 4 of these @entity1 were hospitalized. All of the @entity1 had regional lymphadenopathy, 37.5% had nocturnal joint @entity158 , and 25% had morning stiffness. Nineteen @entity1 (79.2%) recovered after a median duration of 6 weeks (range 1-24 weeks), whereas 5 @entity1 (20.8%) developed @entity102 persisting 16-53 months (median 30 months) after the onset of @entity2720 . CONCLUSION: This is the first comprehensive study of @entity2720 in @entity11102 . @entity11102 -associated @entity2720 is an uncommon syndrome affecting mostly young and middle-age @entity1 . It is often severe and disabling, and may take a chronic course.

title: @entity11102 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity2711 :: ('38323', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella henselae']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['CSD', 'cat-scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joints', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['arthropathy']


abstract: @entity1511 ( @entity1511 ) frequently poses both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The clinical symptoms, radiological imaging studies and laboratory tests are quite often inconclusive in the early stages of the disease. GOAL: To identify early clinical symptoms, review results from radiological imaging studies and laboratory tests to establish their diagnostic value and determine the effect of conservative therapy in @entity1 with early @entity1511 . RESULTS: Twenty two (22) @entity1 with @entity1511 subjected to conservative therapy were studied. Medullary compression syndrome was found in 10 @entity1 . The highest diagnostic value was established by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data for @entity1512 engaging two adjacent vertebrae and QuantiFERON @entity1906 Gold and T SPOT. @entity1906 tests. The effect of the disease on 12 @entity1 , whose treatment had started before the collapse of the bodies of the vertebrae was non-occurrence of any @entity85 . The effect on 9 @entity1 , whose therapy started at a later stage was a recovery of the @entity16 and @entity85 occurrence of various degrees. CONCLUSION: Repetitive lateral plain radiographs, MRI and QuantiFERON @entity1906 Gold test have proven of highest diagnostic value at this stage of the disease in our @entity1 . The presence of clinical data, accelerated ESR levels, plain radiography and MRI evidence of an inflammatory process preceding the occurrence of @entity79 and the formation of paravertebral soft tissue collection provide sufficient reasons to conduct QuantiFERON @entity1906 Gold or T SPOT. @entity1906 testing and start an antituberculous therapy. In the frequent cases when the diagnosis cannot be sufficiently proven, we recommend empirical anti-tuberculous therapy.

title: XXXX --analysis of 22 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Tuberculous spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'residual deformity of the spinal column']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['Tuberculous spondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical instability, @entity51 , and/or modified coactivation strategies following anterior cruciate @entity130 and surgery might compromise the ability of the knee extensors to exert a precise force during isokinetic knee extension with maximal effort. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an @entity1347 and reconstruction on knee extensor torque-time curve smoothness and to elucidate its association with hamstring (antagonist) activation and physical performance. METHODS: Thirteen subjects who had a unilateral deficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament, twenty-five matched subjects with a unilateral reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament, and thirty-three control subjects performed knee extension and flexion repetitions bilaterally with maximal effort at 180 degrees/sec on a Cybex dynamometer. For the subjects with a deficient or a reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament, hamstring activation was measured electromyographically. Physical performance was measured by requiring subjects to perform single-limb timed hopping on the involved limb. RESULTS: In the subjects with a reconstructed or a @entity1347 , wavelet-derived mean instantaneous frequency of the extensor torque-time curves was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the involved limb than in the noninvolved limb and the limbs of the control subjects. Furthermore, for the subjects with a reconstructed or @entity1347 , the mean instantaneous frequency of the extensor torque-time curves was positively associated with the level of hamstring antagonist activity (r = 0.580, p < 0.001) and with hopping performance (b = -0.943, p = 0.019), whereas isokinetic peak torque was not (b = -0.001, p = 0.797). CONCLUSIONS: For individuals who have a deficient or a reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament, an increased frequency content of the knee extensor torque is not, as previously and commonly assumed, a deleterious manifestation of the neuromuscular system. Rather, our results suggest that torque smoothness reduces as hamstring activation increases-a positive neuromuscular adaptation that enhances joint stability and, hence, optimizes physical performance. Wavelet-derived measures of extensor torque smoothness may provide valuable clinical information regarding joint function that conventional isokinetic torque measures cannot.

title: Morphology of knee extension torque-time curves following anterior cruciate XXXX and reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['deficient anterior cruciate ligament', 'anterior cruciate ligament deficiency']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity2879 plus @entity900 (EP) is considered to be standard therapy for @entity151 ( @entity151 ). To determine whether drug intensification improves survival of @entity1 with extensive @entity151 , we compared this treatment with a four-drug regimen containing EP plus @entity786 and @entity1259 ( @entity57901 ). METHODS: In a phase III clinical trial organized by the French Federation of @entity5 Institutes, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either EP (n = 109; @entity2879 at a dose of 100 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 plus @entity900 at 100 mg/m(2) on day 2) or @entity57901 (n = 117; @entity2879 and @entity900 given as in EP plus @entity786 at 400 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 and @entity1259 at 40 mg/m(2) on day 1) every 4 weeks. Both groups received a total of six cycles. Survival differences were analyzed by Wilcoxon and log-rank tests. Associations of treatment group and putative prognostic variables with survival were tested in the Cox proportional hazards model. Quality of life was assessed from the responses to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 quality-of-life questionnaire (C30, health status and @entity2 module 13). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity57901 arm had a statistically significant higher frequency of combined complete plus partial responses compared with those in the EP arm (21% plus 55% versus 13% plus 48%, respectively; P =.02 for difference in combined objective responses). @entity1 in the @entity57901 arm survived longer than those in the EP arm (1-year survival rate: 40% and 29%, respectively; median survival: 10.5 and 9.3 months, respectively; log-rank P =.0067). In the Cox model, the relative risk of @entity204 for @entity1 in the @entity57901 arm compared with those in the EP arm was 0.70 (95% confidence interval = 0.51 to 0.95); the disease also progressed more slowly in @entity1 in the @entity57901 arm. @entity1503 was higher in the @entity57901 arm (22% with documented @entity281 compared with 8% in the EP arm; P =.0038), and the @entity137 -related @entity204 rate was 9% in the @entity57901 arm versus 5.5% in the EP arm (P =.22). The global health status showed similar improvement in both arms during treatment. CONCLUSION: Compared with the EP regimen, the @entity57901 regimen yielded higher response rates and better survival rates in @entity1 with extensive @entity151 without affecting the quality of life of the @entity1 during chemotherapy.

title: @entity2879 plus XXXX with or without the combination of @entity1259 plus @entity786 in treatment of extensive @entity151 : a French Federation of @entity5 Institutes multicenter phase III randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-epidoxorubicin"]

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: On the basis of clinical empirical observations and classic theory of @entity1423 , microvascular surgeons have held that @entity1423 is more responsible for arterial @entity715 and fibrin clot formation is more responsible for @entity49 . This theory was tested in two models of @entity715 , one created in arteries and the other in veins, using systemic antithrombotic agents. The models were @entity13635 matched in @entity35 , creating a crush-avulsion @entity1317 on one leg and a @entity130 to the femoral vein on the contralateral leg. There were four treatment groups (n = 15 per group): systemic heparin, @entity117 and @entity4341 , both sets of agents, and dual controls (vehicle treated). One-day patency rates in the controls were 13.4% and 0% for the arterial and venous models, respectively. Heparin treatment caused an increase in arterial patency to 73.3% but had no effect on venous patency (6.7%). @entity117 and @entity4341 had a modest effect on venous patency (40%) but had no effect on arterial patency (6.7%). Administration of both sets of agents led to 100% and 86.7% patency in the arterial and venous models, respectively. Patency rates were maintained at the 7-day evaluation in the arteries; in contrast, all thrombosed veins were found to be patent 7 days postoperatively (100% patency in all groups). These findings are in contrast to classic thinking about microvascular @entity715 , but this reverse effect may be unique to the @entity35 . The high rate of recanalization in thrombosed veins indicates a need for caution in performing experimental studies of patency in @entity35 veins.

title: Effect of anticoagulation and inhibition of @entity1423 on arterial versus venous microvascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the femoral artery']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crushing injury']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Murine monoclonal antibody 2B8 specifically recognizes the @entity2225 phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of normal B lymphocytes and @entity1892 . The light- and heavy-chain variable regions of 2B8 were cloned, after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction, into a cDNA expression vector that contained human IgG1 heavy chain and @entity1 kappa-light chain constant regions. High-level expression of chimeric-2B8 antibody (C2B8) was obtained in @entity3569 ovary cells. Purified C2B8 exhibited antigen binding affinity and @entity1 -tissue reactivity similar to the native murine antibody. In vitro studies showed the ability of C2B8 to bind @entity1 @entity6300 , mediate complement-dependent cell lysis of @entity1 B-lymphoid cell lines, and lyse @entity1 target cells through antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 . Infusion of macaque @entity5434 with doses ranging from 1.6 mg/kg to 6.4 mg/kg resulted in greater than 98% depletion of peripheral blood (PB) B cells and 40% to 70% depletion of lymph node B cells. Recovery of PB B cells usually started at 2 weeks after treatment and required 60 to greater than 90 days to reach normal levels. As much as 95% depletion of B cells in peripheral lymph nodes and bone marrow was observed following weekly injections of 16.8 mg/kg antibody. No @entity137 was observed in any of the animals. These results offer the possibility of using an "immunologically active" chimeric anti- @entity2225 antibody as an alternative approach in the treatment of @entity1892 .

title: Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity2225 :: (54474,Gene) :: ['CD20']