abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity170 ( @entity170 ) is a disease characterized by progressive @entity604 due to aging and menopause in @entity1 leading to @entity79 with increased susceptibility towards @entity174 . The silent disease weakens the bone by altering its microstructure and mass. Therapy is based on either promoting strength (via osteoblast action) or preventing disease (via osteoclast action). Current therapy with different drugs belonging to antiresorptive, anabolic and hormonal classification suffers from poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. Therapeutics and diagnostics for bone tissue have always been a hard task and presents a great challenge. Nanoparticles (NPs) provide breakthrough as an alternative therapeutic carrier and biomedical imaging tool in @entity79 . Nanotechnology advancements include the use of inorganic particles containing gold, @entity902 , @entity3440 and ceria with an additional advantage of osteoblastic proliferation along with other nano rewards. The current review highlights potential applications of NPs in @entity170 with prime focus on the use of organic and inorganic particles for drug delivery, biomedical imaging as well as regenerative therapy. Incorporation of NPs into the scaffolds is a more recent technique for improving mechanical strength as well as regeneration during bone grafting. Targeted, modified and coated magnetic nanoparticles along with gold and quantum dots provide golden opportunities for biomedical imaging by replacing the traditional invasive radionuclide techniques.

title: Role of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'OP', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases', 'bone fragility']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Bone Diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3136 is a common and often debilitating complication among @entity5 @entity1 receiving radiation therapy to the head and neck or chemotherapy agents, or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. @entity158 and decreased oral function associated with @entity3136 may persist long after the conclusion of therapy. Although most @entity1 respond to conservative management, a subset of @entity1 develop intractable @entity158 with severe consequences. For some, the use of total parenteral nutrition with insertion of percutaneous @entity3685 tubes is the only alternative. Current recommendations to treat @entity33 and its related @entity158 include basic oral care, bland oral rinses, topical anesthetics, and systemic analgesics. We believe that chemical neurolysis of the affected areas with @entity6693 used as an oral rinse is a noninvasive, efficient, safe, and cost-effective alternative that can provide prolonged @entity1337 in @entity1 with intractable @entity158 of @entity3136 . The benefits of this therapy are reflected in its improvement of @entity1 ' quality of life by enabling oral feeding and controlling @entity158 . We report a series of 5 consecutive @entity1 with intractable @entity3136 -related @entity158 despite conventional treatment with systemic opiates. All 5 @entity1 responded well to the use of 0.05% @entity6693 as mouth rinse, demonstrating sustained @entity1337 over 3 weeks. The treatment was tolerated well, and overall @entity1 satisfaction was very high. We also observed that @entity6693 rinse significantly reduced the total opioid requirement, as demonstrated by reductions in the @entity1 ' @entity1286 equivalent daily dose scores after its use. Our case series suggests that 0.5% @entity6693 oral rinse therapy is an effective and inexpensive modality that can be used safely to palliate intractable @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity33 associated with @entity5 treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report using this therapy to treat @entity158 from @entity3136 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity6693 for the Treatment of Intractable @entity158 Associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity3685 :: ('MESH:D019959', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy feeding']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'oral pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['Oral Mucositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity60942 syndrome is the most frequent known @entity12913 , with an incidence of 1 in 4000-5000 livebirths. It is characterised by a 3-Mb deletion on chromosome 22q11.2, @entity299 , @entity784 , @entity2419 , and hypocalcaemia. At least 30 genes have been mapped to the deleted region. However, the association of these genes with the cause of this syndrome is not clearly understood. METHODS: To test for the chromosomal deletion at 22q11.2, we did fluorescence in-situ hybridisation analysis with ten probes on 22q11.2 in 235 unrelated @entity1 with clinically diagnosed @entity60942 syndrome. To investigate mutations in the coding sequence of @entity13808 , we also did genetic analysis in 13 @entity1 from ten families who have the 22q11.2 syndrome phenotype but no detectable deletion of 22q11.2. @entity51 : 96% (225 of 235) of @entity1 had a defined 1.5-3-Mb deletion at 22q11.2. We identified three mutations of @entity13808 in two unrelated @entity1 without the 22q11.2 deletion-one with @entity2418 face @entity2418 and one with sporadic @entity2418 -and in three @entity1 from a family with @entity2418 face @entity2418 . We did not record these three mutations in 555 healthy controls (1110 chromosomes; p<0.0001). INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that the @entity13808 mutation is responsible for five major phenotypes in @entity60942 syndrome. Therefore, we conclude that @entity13808 is a major genetic determinant of the @entity60942 syndrome.

title: Role of XXXX in @entity1 @entity60942 syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['FINDINGS']

entities_list: @entity12913 :: ('MESH:C536297', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal microdeletion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate facial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['conotruncal anomaly', 'syndrome/velocardiofacial syndrome', "DiGeorge's syndrome", 'sporadic conotruncal anomaly']

answer: @entity13808 :: (6899,Gene) :: ['TBX1']


abstract: We have analysed the outcome of 581 autologous @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in first chronic phase reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation between 1983 and 1998. Out off 207 @entity1 evaluable for cytogenetics within 6 months of @entity8 , 36 @entity1 (17%) were in complete cytogenetic remission (CCR), 34 (16%) in major remission (MCR), 74 (36%) in minor remission (mCR) and 63 (31%) had no cytogenetic response (NR). Interferon (IFN) was given post @entity8 to 267 @entity1 . Results of the cytogenetic analysis within 1-2 years from @entity8 were available for 117 @entity1 , the majority of whom (n = 101) received IFN post @entity8 : 17 (15%) were in CCR, 18 (15%) in MCR, 24 (20%) in mCR and 58 (50%) NR. The median survival in this series was 96 months (71-125) from @entity8 . There was no difference in survival according to cytogenetic status pre- and immediately post @entity8 . However, @entity1 in CCR or MCR at 1-2 years post @entity8 had a 10-year survival of 66% compared with 36% for @entity1 in mCR or NR (P = 0.003). The 5-year survival for @entity1 receiving IFN post @entity8 was 72% compared with 61% for @entity1 not treated with IFN (P = 0.01). Out of 155 @entity1 refractory to IFN pre @entity8 , 70% achieved a cytogenetic response post @entity8 , which was complete or major in 31%. IFN refractory @entity1 who sustained a CCR or MCR for 1-2 years after @entity8 had an excellent outcome.

title: The post-transplant cytogenetic response to interferon is a major determinant of survival after autologous stem cell transplantation for XXXX in chronic phase.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplants']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECT: Little is known about the temporal patterns of primary @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) among the general population. The aim of this study was to examine diurnal and seasonal variations in the onset of @entity1779 in a community-based series. METHODS: The study population consisted of 350 @entity1 who presented with primary @entity1779 for the first time and were treated between 1991 and 1998 in Izumo City, Japan. Among the entire @entity1 population, the onset of @entity548 was rarely observed during the night and a peak was observed in the late afternoon. In @entity1 69 years of age or younger, the onset of @entity1779 exhibited a bimodal distribution, with an initial high peak between 8:00 and 10:00 a.m. and a second, lower peak between 6:00 and 8:00 p.m. In contrast, in @entity1 70 years of age or older and in @entity1 regardless of age, only a single evening peak, between approximately 6:00 and 10:00 p.m., was found, and no morning peak was observed. For the entire @entity1 population (for both sexes), and for @entity1 alone, seasonal variations--a peak in winter and a trough in summer-were significant for all age groups combined. This factor was significant for @entity1 69 years of age or younger, during the daytime hours (8:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m.), and for @entity1 with untreated @entity101 ; however, it was not significant for @entity1 70 years of age or older, during nighttime hours (10:00 p.m.-8:00 a.m.), or for treated @entity101 and normotensive @entity1 . In @entity1 , no significant seasonal patterns were found, regardless of @entity1 age, time of day at onset of @entity1779 , or the presence of risk factors. Seasonal variations were statistically significant for @entity1 with @entity1410 larger than 5 ml, but not for those with @entity1410 5 ml or smaller. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal distributions in the onset of @entity1779 seem to be influenced by @entity1 sex and age. The seasonal patterns of @entity1779 occurrence may result mainly from changes that occur during the daytime, and may also be modified by the presence of untreated @entity101 and by the volume of the @entity1410 .

title: Diurnal and seasonal variations in the onset of primary XXXX in individuals living in Izumo City, Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4707 Background: Chemotherapy is limited for the treatment of @entity263 secondary to the development of multiple mechanisms of resistance, such as the overexpression of @entity588 . To test the hypothesis that @entity10211 (R) and @entity13089 , which have been shown to decrease the expression of @entity588 , are capable of improving the results of standard chemotherapy with @entity1205 (T) and @entity12749 (E), we began a phase I/II study in @entity1 with @entity263 . METHODS: @entity1 received @entity1968 , 1 mg/kg and interferon, six million units/m2 on days 1-4, @entity12749 , 280mg, orally tid on days 1-5, with escalating doses of @entity1205 (0, 40, 50, 60mg/m2) on day 2. The treatment was repeated every 21 days. Each @entity1 had peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained prior to therapy and on days 1-4 of the first cycle to assess the effect of therapy on @entity588 by immunoblot. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 have been enrolled in this ongoing phase I part of the study with 9- @entity263 and1- @entity694 . Nine of 10 @entity1 had progressed on prior therapy. Therapy was well tolerated in this study. Grade 3 fatigue occurred in the first cycle of 2 @entity1 in cohorts 3 and 4, defining a DLT, and in 3 additional @entity1 beyond the first cycle. Fatigue resolved with interferon dose reduction, as planned per study. Grade 3 hypophosphotemia transiently occurred after the first cycle of therapy in 2 @entity1 in cohort 2 and 1 @entity1 in cohort 3. Grade 3 @entity390 / @entity391 occurred in 2 @entity1 beyond the first cycle in cohorts 1 and 3. Grade 4 @entity1398 without @entity221 occurred in 2 @entity1 . Grade 3 @entity3638 transiently seen in 1 @entity1 in cohort 3. PSA decreased in 9/9 @entity1 with @entity263 in the ongoing phase I study (mean decrease of 35%). A PSA decrease of >=  50% was seen in 2/9 @entity1 . Assessment of @entity588 expression in PMCs is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS: RITE therapy is well tolerated and active in this ongoing phase I/II study. Following determination of the @entity21035 , a phase II study in @entity1 with @entity263 will be completed. Assessment of RITE effect on PBMC @entity588 expression is ongoing and will be presented. This study is supported by DOD and Aventis. [Table: see text].

title: A phase I/II trial of @entity10211 , alpha interferon, @entity1205 , and XXXX (R.I.T.E.) for the treatment of @entity263 ( @entity263 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity12749 :: (MESH:D004961,Chemical) :: ['estramustine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The hypothalamic nuclei constitute that part of the corticodiencephalic mechanism that activates, controls and integrates the peripheral, autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activity and many somatic functions. Their full integration into behavior requires the neocortex, in particular the limbic system. PURPOSE: An antiserum against @entity112 was used to reveal the location and time of appearance of the @entity6115 in developing fetal hypothalamus. Although the expression pattern of @entity112 is well studied in mammals, less is known about it in @entity1 . The neurotransmitter @entity112 plays a crucial role in co-ordinating mutiple inputs from various brain centres. METHODS: In the present investigations the hypothalamus was studied in the @entity1 fetus ranging from 19 weeks of gestation (GW) to term by using immunocytochemistry. Distinct neurons that stained with Pischinger's @entity6693 were obsereved from 19 GW to term. Sections adjacent to those that contained neurons were stained for @entity112 labeling. Immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus at 19 GW of gestation show relatively meager population. RESULTS: @entity112 immunoreactive (His-ir) neurons of the hypothalamus were divisible in lateral and ventrolateral subgroups at 19 GW to 24 GW At 32 GW along with the neuronal cell bodies some beaded fibers were visible. There was progressive increase in the @entity112 expressing neurons as the fetus grows. In term fetal specimens, two to three small groups of his-ir neurons gradually merged in a single large ventrolateral group. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study provide for a better understanding of the chemoneuroarchitecture of @entity112 containing neurons in hypothalamus during second and third trimester of @entity1 fetal development.

title: Expression pattern of histaminergic neurons in the XXXX fetal hypothalamus at second and third trimester.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Wuji Powder (WP) and a small dose @entity1770 in treatment of antipsychotic drug-induced phlegm dampness type @entity2588 . METHODS: Seventy female @entity161 patients with antipsychotic drug-induced @entity11114 ( @entity11114 ) were recruited and randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 35 in each group. All patients received antipsychotic drug therapy. @entity1 in the treatment group additionally took WP, while those in the control group took @entity1770 (at the daily dose of 5 mg, once daily). The therapeutic course for all was 4 weeks. Prolactin levels and @entity28 indices[body weight, waist aircumstance, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hit ratio (WHR)] were determined before and after treatment. The efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS: The treatment course was completed in 95.71% of @entity1 . The total effective rate of the 33 @entity1 of the treatment group was 93.94% (31/33), while it was 91.18% (31/34) in the 34 @entity1 of the control group. There was no difference in the total effective rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Prolactin levels in both group after treatment were significantly lower than those of the baseline (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in prolactin levels between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment, body weight, BMI, waist circumstance, and waist-hip ratio obviously decreased after treatment, showing significant difference when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight, BMI, waist circumstance, and waist-hip ratio in the control group between before and after treatment (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both WP and @entity1770 could lower high prolactin levels of schizophrenics with phlegm dampness type @entity2588 . They showed equivalent efficacy. But WP showed more obvious effect in reducing @entity28 indices.

title: [Treatment of antipsychotic drug-induced phlegm dampness type @entity2588 by Wuji Powder and a small dose XXXX : a clinical study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity11114 :: ('MESH:C537072', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome', 'GAS']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

answer: @entity1770 :: (MESH:C094645,Chemical) :: ['aripiprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The roles of complex muscle sleeve geometry and fiber orientation in the pulmonary veins (PVs) in wave-front propagation are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: We mapped the left superior PV (LSPV, n=7) and @entity4406 ( @entity4406 , n=4) of @entity235 with 420 bipolar electrodes (1-mm resolution) and performed detailed histological examination. In the anterior LSPV-left atrial (LA) junction, myocardial muscle fibers were oriented perpendicular to PV blood flow. A wedge filled with connective tissues led to a complete muscle separation or an abrupt increase in muscle thickness between the PV and LA (0.42+/-0.12 versus 2.0+/-0.31 mm, P<0.01). Distal LSPV pacing resulted in conduction @entity616 at the anterior PV-LA junction, with double potentials. In contrast, the posterior LSPV-LA junction showed gradual muscle thickening and a fiber orientation parallel to the blood flow. The maximum PV muscle thickness in the anterior PV-LA junction is thinner than that in the posterior junction (0.83+/-0.15 versus 1.3+/-0.38 mm, P<0.01). Distal @entity4406 pacing showed multiple PV-LA breakthroughs, with segmental conduction @entity616 in the anterior PV-LA junction. The conduction @entity616 corresponded to segmental PV-LA muscle disconnection. Complex fiber orientations in the PV muscle sleeves away from the PV-LA junction were responsible for intra-PV conduction delay or @entity616 during rapid PV pacing. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that segmental muscle disconnection and differential muscle narrowing at PV-LA junctions and complex fiber orientations within the PV provide robust anatomical bases for conduction disturbance at the PV-LA junction and complex intra-PV conduction patterns.

title: Correlation between anatomy and electrical activation in XXXX pulmonary veins.

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior PV', 'LIPV']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The second order rate constants for the oxidation of high potential @entity5985 protein (Hipip) of @entity17269 by @entity9588 were determined as a function of ionic strength and pH. From the ionic strength results, calculations were done to correct the rate constant at each pH for the electrostatic interactions between Hipip and @entity9588 . The electrostatic corrections are necessary since the charge of the protein changes as a function of pH and can mask the ionization of mechanistically important @entity535 residues. An apparent pKa congruent to 7 was obtained from electrostatically corrected rate-pH profile, indicating the possible participation of @entity3793 . Perturbation difference spectroscopic studies of Hipip as a function of pH also gave apparent pKa values of 6.9 and 6.7 for the reduced and oxidized protein, respectively. That it was indeed His 42 (the only His in the polypeptide) that was responsible for the kinetic and spectroscopic pKa values was demonstrated by modification of His 42 of Hipip by the @entity3793 selective reagent @entity13201 . No modification of Tyr 19 could be detected. It is concluded that either deprotonation or modification of His 42 results in the destabilization of the reduced cluster and thus a faster rate of oxidation. This work provides the first experimental evidence of the 'squeeze effect' mechanism (Carter, C.W., Jr., Kraut, J., Freer, S.T. and Alden, R.A. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 6339--6346) in which the polypeptide directly modulates the stability of the @entity5985 cluster.

title: The role of @entity3793 -42 in the oxidation-reduction mechanism of XXXX high potential @entity5985 protein.

entities_list: @entity17269 :: ('1049', 'Species') :: ['Chromatium vinosum']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity13201 :: ('MESH:D004047', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylpyrocarbonate']

entities_list: @entity9588 :: ('MESH:C007931', 'Chemical') :: ['ferricyanide']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

answer: @entity17269 :: (1049,Species) :: ['Chromatium vinosum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inactivation of the @entity5 suppressor neurofibromin 1 ( @entity1265 ) presents a newly characterized @entity320 subtype, for which currently no targeted therapies are clinically available. Pre-clinical studies suggest that @entity3963 inhibitors are likely to provide benefit, albeit with limited efficacy as single agent; therefore, there is a need for rationally designed combination therapies. Here, we evaluate the combination of the @entity3963 inhibitor @entity35909 and the biguanide @entity18706 . Combination of both compounds showed potent synergy in cell viability assays and cooperatively induced apoptosis. Treatment with both drugs was required to fully suppress @entity3470 signaling, a known effector of @entity1265 loss. Mechanistically, @entity35909 increased the @entity26 consumption rate (OCR), indicating that these cells relied more on oxidative phosphorylation upon treatment. Consistently, @entity35909 increased expression of the mitochondrial transcriptional co-activator @entity6217 . In contrast, co-treatment with @entity18706 , an inhibitor of complex I of the respiratory chain, decreased the OCR. @entity35909 also promoted the expansion of the H3K4 demethylase @entity46112 (also known as @entity46112 )-positive subpopulation of @entity320 cells, which are slow-cycling and treatment-resistant. Importantly, @entity18706 suppressed this @entity46112 -positive population, which reduced the emergence of @entity35909 -resistant clones in long-term cultures. Our results warrant the clinical investigation of this combination therapy in @entity1 with @entity1265 mutant @entity320 .

title: @entity18706 enhances the efficacy of @entity3963 inhibition in @entity1265 -mutant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18706 :: ('MESH:D010629', 'Chemical') :: ['phenformin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to explore the @entity146 complications of @entity1575 in a Nigerian general hospital setting. The mental state of 31 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1575 seen in a gastroenterology unit, from July 1996 to August 1998, was assessed using the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) and Present State Examination (PSE) and compared with those of 20 @entity101 @entity1 and 20 apparently healthy controls. The socio-demographic characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1575 who developed @entity146 complications were compared with those without such complications. The mental status of the @entity82 @entity1 in the present study was also compared with those of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and hemodialysis @entity1 in earlier studies. About fifty-five percent of all the @entity1575 @entity1 developed diagnosable @entity146 . This was significantly higher than that of the @entity101 @entity1 (15%) or healthy controls (5%) (P=0.0001). The @entity146 conditions were @entity308 episode, generalized @entity148 , @entity933 and @entity2166 . No socio-demographic parameter had a significant effect on the mental state of the @entity1 with @entity1575 . The same proportion (55%) of hemodialysis and a lower proportion (30%) of @entity1030 @entity1 compared with @entity82 @entity1 had @entity146 . We found a high rate of @entity146 in the @entity1 with @entity1575 compared with those of @entity101 and normal subjects. None of the socio-demographic variables considered was found to be associated with @entity146 complications in the @entity1575 @entity1 . Poor medical conditions seem to be associated with high levels of @entity146 .

title: Specific XXXX in @entity1575 in a Nigerian general hospital setting.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric morbidity']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorder']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric morbidity']


abstract: An experiment was made to investigate the effect of diet composition on the utilization of beef tallow by adult cockerels. The birds were starved for 24 hr and then force-fed 1 of 3 basal diets (30 g) supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 g of beef tallow. Excreta voided in the subsequent 24 hr was collected. @entity8125 ( @entity8125 ) and lipid availability values were measured. The @entity8125 value of tallow differed between basal diets and with the level of tallow input. A @entity4336 basal permitted greater @entity8125 values than a @entity3505 basal but a supplement of @entity1460 lecithins made the @entity3505 basal as effective as the @entity4336 basal. @entity4722 and phospholipid concentrations in the diet appeared to influence tallow utilization. The basic procedures of the @entity8125 bioassay permitted measurement of total lipid and @entity844 availability data. Lipid availability paralleled the @entity8125 data. Total lipid utilization ranged from 78 to 93% while the utilization of individual @entity1718 varied both between acids and within acids between dietary treatments. Unsaturated @entity1718 were well utilized (85 to 96%) while saturated acids were less well utilized (57 to 90%), particularly at high levels of input.

title: The effect of the basal diet on the utilization of fat as a source of true metabolizable energy, lipid, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity8125 :: ('MESH:C579935', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'True metabolizable energy']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['Linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity64 is a leading cause of long-term motor disability. @entity64 @entity1 with severe hand weakness do not profit from rehabilitative treatments. Recently, brain-controlled robotics and sequential functional electrical stimulation allowed some improvement. However, for such therapies to succeed, it is required to decode @entity1 ' intentions for different arm movements. Here, we evaluated whether residual muscle activity could be used to predict movements from  paralyzed joints in severely impaired @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: Muscle activity was recorded with surface-electromyography (EMG) in 41 @entity1 , with severe hand weakness (Fugl-Meyer Assessment [FMA] hand subscores of 2.93      2.7), in order to decode their intention to perform six different motions of the affected arm, required for @entity121 and to control neuroprostheses. Decoding of paretic and nonparetic muscle activity was performed using a feed-forward neural network classifier. The contribution of each muscle to the intended movement was determined. RESULTS: Decoding of up to six arm movements was accurate (>65%) in more than 97% of nonparetic and 46% of paretic muscles. INTERPRETATION: These results demonstrate that some level of neuronal innervation to the paretic muscle remains preserved and can be used to implement neurorehabilitative treatments in 46% of @entity1 with severe @entity912 and extensive @entity75 . Such decoding may allow these @entity1 for the first time after @entity64 to control different motions of arm prostheses through muscle-triggered rehabilitative treatments.

title: Decoding upper limb residual muscle activity in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical and/or subcortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary muscle activity']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: Subcutaneous @entity3826 infusion (Apo) and intrajejunal levodopa infusion (IJLI) are two treatment options for @entity1 with advanced @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and refractory motor complications, with varying cost of treatment. There are no multicenter studies comparing the effects of the two strategies. This open-label, prospective, observational, 6-month, multicenter study compared 43 @entity1 on Apo (48.8% males, age 62.3        10.6 years; disease duration: 14        4.4 years; median H _ Y stage 3; interquartile range [IQR]: 3-4) and 44 on IJLI (56.8% males, age 62.7        9.1 years; disease duration: 16.1        6.7 years; median H _ Y stage 4; IQR, 3-4). Cohen's effect sizes (>= 0.8 considered as large) were "large" with both therapies with respect to total motor, nonmotor, and quality-of-life scores. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) with Apo showed moderate improvement, whereas @entity25 fatigue, gastrointestinal, urinary, and sexual dimensions of the NMSS showed significantly higher improvement with IJLI. Seventy-five percent on IJLI improved in their quality-of-life and @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ), whereas in the Apo group, a similar proportion improved in quality of life, but 40% in @entity1109 . Adverse effects included @entity298 with IJLI and skin nodules on Apo. Based on this open-label, nonrandomized, comparative study, we report that, in advanced @entity191 @entity1 , both IJLI and Apo infusion therapy appear to provide a robust improvement in motor symptoms, motor complications, quality-of-life, and some @entity1109 . Controlled, randomized studies are required.    2014 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: EuroInf: A Multicenter Comparative Observational Study of XXXX and Levodopa Infusion in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'nonmotor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

answer: @entity3826 :: (MESH:D001058,Chemical) :: ['Apomorphine']


abstract: Medical treatment for @entity1 with stable @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) has evolved significantly over the past 2 decades. Current World Health Organization recommendations suggest a stepwise approach to therapy depending upon disease severity. As-needed use of short-acting bronchodilators is recommended for @entity1 with mild disease. Scheduled dosing of bronchodilators is recommended for @entity1 with more @entity1442 . Inhaled beta-agonists and anti-cholinergic agents in combination have proved to be more effective than either agent alone. Long-acting preparations are associated with better disease control and have not been associated with tachyphylaxis. Inhaled corticosteroids are useful for reducing the frequency of exacerbations in @entity1 who experience one or more episodes per year. @entity26 therapy is clearly beneficial in @entity1 with advanced @entity1030 and @entity1576 , and its potential benefits in less severe disease are currently being studied. Pulmonary rehabilitation benefits @entity1 with mild-to-severe disease, although the greatest benefits have been demonstrated in those with moderate @entity1030 . New ultra-long-acting inhaled bronchodilators, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and @entity4878 intended to promote tissue regeneration are currently being evaluated in clinical trials as future therapeutic agents.

title: Medical therapy for XXXX in 2007.

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['chronic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Contrast agents have shown to be useful in the detection of @entity5 . The goal of this study was to compare enhancement of @entity1313 contrast using reflectance and fluorescence confocal imaging of two fluorophores, @entity6693 (MB) and @entity3487 ( @entity1233 ). MB absorbs light in the red spectral range and fluoresces in the near-infrared. It is safe for in vivo staining of @entity1 skin and breast tissue. However, its safety for staining @entity1 brain is questionable. Thus, @entity1233 , which absorbs light in the violet spectral range and fluoresces between 470 and 570 nm, could provide a safer alternative to MB. Fresh @entity1 @entity11 , obtained from surgeries, were cut in half and stained with aqueous solutions of MB and @entity1233 , respectively. Stained tissues were imaged using multimodal confocal microscopy. Resulting reflectance and fluorescence optical images were compared with @entity1710 and @entity1711 histopathology, processed from each imaged tissue. Results indicate that images of tissues stained with either stain exhibit comparable contrast and resolution of morphological detail. Further studies are required to establish the safety and efficacy of these contrast agents for use in @entity1 brain.

title: Comparative evaluation of @entity6693 and @entity3487 for enhancing optical contrast of XXXX in optical images.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3487 :: ('MESH:D003707', 'Chemical') :: ['demeclocycline']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interspinous process distraction device (IPD) compared with open decompression surgery (ODS) in treating @entity2649 . Methods: Literatures were searched in the databases including Cochrane Library, Pubmed, OvidSP, Sciencedirect, Web of Science, and Springerlin. Published reviews were checked to track missed original research papers. The quality and bias of publications with randomized controlled trial were evaluated using the tool for assessing risk of bias in the Cochrane handbook. The quality and bias of publications with cohort trial were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The grades of literatures were evaluated with the guidelines of Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Totally, 21 publications matched the inclusion criteria, including 20 different clinical trials and 54,138 @entity1 . The results indicated that there was no significant difference in improvement rate, @entity717 index questionnaire (ODI) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score of back @entity158 or @entity158 between IPD group and ODS group. The postoperation complication rate, perioperation @entity190 , hospitalization time, and operation time were lower/shorter in IPD group than ODS group. However, the reoperation rate in IPD group was higher than ODS group. Conclusion: The results indicated that IPD has better effects and less complication than ODS. However, because of the higher reoperation rate in IPD than ODS, we failed to conclude that IPD could replace ODS as golden standard but may be a viable alternative in treating @entity2649 .

title: Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety between Interspinous Process Distraction Device and Open Decompression Surgery in Treating XXXX : A Meta Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'leg pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['Lumbar Spinal Stenosis']


abstract: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to the success of @entity5 chemotherapy. One of the effective approaches to overcome MDR is to use nanoparticle-mediated the gene silence of chemotherapeutic export proteins by RNA interference to increase drug accumulation in @entity5 cells. In this work, a new co-delivery system, @entity3105 - @entity7050 / @entity8681 / @entity1262 shRNA nanobubbles (NBs) around 327 nm, to overcome @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) resistance in MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 was designed and developed. Positively charged @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ) were modified onto the surface of @entity3105 - @entity7050 NBs through DCC/NHS crosslinking, and could efficiently condense @entity1262 shRNA into @entity3105 - @entity7050 / @entity8681 NBs at vector/shRNA weight ratios of 70:1 and above. An in vitro release profile demonstrated an efficient @entity3105 release (more than 80%) from @entity3105 - @entity7050 / @entity8681 NBs at pH 4.4, suggesting a pH-responsive drug release for the multifunctionalized NBs. Cellular experimental results further showed that @entity3105 - @entity7050 / @entity8681 / @entity1262 shRNA NBs could facilitate cellular uptake of @entity3105 into cells and increase the cell proliferation suppression effect of @entity3105 against MCF-7/ADR cells (a @entity3105 -resistant and @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) over-expression @entity5 cell line). The IC50 of @entity3105 - @entity7050 NBs against MCF-7/ADR cells was 2-fold lower than that of free @entity3105 . The increased cellular uptake and nuclear accumulation of @entity3105 delivered by @entity3105 - @entity7050 / @entity8681 / @entity1262 shRNA NBs in MCF-7/ADR cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry, and might be owning to the down-regulation of @entity1262 and reduced the efflux of @entity3105 . The cellular uptake mechanism of @entity3105 - @entity7050 / @entity8681 / @entity1262 shRNA NBs indicated that the macropinocytosis was one of the pathways for the uptake of NBs by MCF-7/ADR cells, which was also an energy-dependent process. Furthermore, the in vitro cellular ultrasound imaging suggested that the employment of the @entity3105 - @entity7050 / @entity8681 / @entity1262 shRNA NBs could efficiently enhance ultrasound imaging of @entity5 cells. These results demonstrated that the developed @entity3105 - @entity7050 / @entity8681 / @entity1262 shRNA NBs is a potential, safe and efficient theranotic agent for @entity5 therapy and diagnostics.

title: Multifunctional @entity7050 Nanobubbles as Theranostic Agents: Combining XXXX and @entity1262 siRNA Co-Delivery Into @entity1 Breast Cancer Cells and Ultrasound Cellular Imaging.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['drug resistant cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: While aggressive endoluminal therapy for superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease is commonplace, the implications of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) on long-term outcomes in this population are unclear. We examined the consequences of endovascular treatment of the SFA in @entity1 with and without varying stages of @entity740 . A database of @entity1 undergoing endovascular treatment of the SFA between 1986 and 2007 was queried, and two groups were defined: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <or=60 and >60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 cm(2). Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results were standardized to TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC-II) and Society for Vascular Surgery criteria. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess time-dependent outcomes. Factor analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model for time-dependent variables. Data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation where appropriate. There were 525 limbs in 535 @entity1 (68% male, average age 66 +/- 14 years) that underwent endovascular treatment for @entity613 or chronic @entity63 (51%). @entity1 with eGFR <or=60 were older and had significantly more @entity453 , @entity712 , @entity6 , and @entity407 . TASC-II lesion distribution was equivalent (37% for TASC-II C and D), but tibial runoff was significantly worse in the eGFR <or=60 group. In addition, there were more inflow and outflow interventions in the eGFR <or=60 group. In @entity1 with @entity613 , there was no difference in patency or limb salvage between those with eGFR <or=60 and >60. In @entity1 with @entity63 , there was no difference in patency between those with eGFR <or=60 and >60. Limb salvage was worse in @entity1 with eGFR <or=60 compared to eGFR >60. With respect to limb salvage, six factors were significantly associated with a reduction in rates: presence of tissue loss at presentation (relative risk [RR] = 6.45, p = 0.003), 0 or 1 vessel tibial runoff (RR = 2.56, p < 0.01), progression of distal disease noted in follow-up (RR = 4.62, p < 0.01), embolization at the initial intervention (RR = 2.70, p < 0.05), @entity6 (RR = 3.71, p < 0.01), and a history of @entity299 (RR = 2.42, p < 0.01). Notable factors that were not significantly associated included lesion @entity730 (p = 0.64), TASC C or D lesion categorization (p = 0.99), acute occlusion at initial intervention (p = 0.40), and adjuvant stenting (p = 0.67). @entity740 does not impact the patency of SFA interventions. Limb salvage in @entity1 with critical @entity63 is significantly worse when the eGFR is <or=60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 cm(2).

title: Impact of XXXX on outcomes of superficial femoral artery endoluminal interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Blood lymphocytes from small groups of @entity1 with transitional-cell @entity150 ( @entity8214 ), clinical controls (CC) or healthy donors (HD) were tested for @entity137 in vitro by a 51Cr-release assay. The target cells were either from @entity8214 or control tissue (long-term cultures) or were from short-term @entity8214 cultures, kept in vitro for 10-20 transfer generations. When tested with allogeneic target cells from long-term cultures, @entity8214 @entity1 ' lymphocytes tended to be more cytotoxic to @entity8214 targets than to control targets. For the control lymphocytes this was not seen. A large proportion but not all of the @entity137 to these target cells was due to immunoglobulin-dependent cellular reactions, probably mediated by natural and disease-related antibodies of the lymphocyte donors, since it was significantly inhibited by @entity1334 -fragments of rabbit antibodies to @entity1 immunoglobulin. Moreover, it was, to a large extent, mediated by lymphocytes with Fc-receptors for IgG. For seven of the @entity8214 target cell cultures (two long-term and five short-term) autologous lymphocytes were also available for testing. While two @entity1 were non-reactive to their own @entity5 cells, five reacted strongly in the autologous combinations. These autologous reactions were immunoglobulin-independent and were mediated by Fc-receptor-negative effector cells. In some instances, autologous @entity137 was accompanied by similar reactions to some of the allogeneic @entity8214 targets but not to the allogeneic non- @entity8214 control targets. On the basis of available information on HLA antigens in this material, the pattern of cross-reactions suggests that the @entity137 encountered in the autologous and in some of the allogeneic @entity8214 -combinations may be the expression of antibody-independnet but specific CTL-mediated reactions, regulated by HLA. However, at the present stage of the investigation, other mechanisms must also be considered since the target cells from short-term @entity8214 cultures were sometimes lysed by control lymphocytes in immunoglobulin-independent reactions. Whatever the explanation, the results show that the @entity137 observed in the in vitro systems is usually the net result of several different types of reaction. Which effector cell types and which mechanism of recognition will predominate in a given lymphocyte/target cell combination is greatly influenced by the nature and origin of the target cells used.

title: @entity137 in vitro of blood lymphocytes from @entity150 XXXX and controls to allogeneic or autologous @entity5 cells derived from established cell lines or short-term cultures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fat depot sizes peak in middle age but decrease by advanced old age. This phenomenon is associated with ectopic fat deposition, decreased adipocyte size, impaired differentiation of preadipocytes into fat cells, decreased adipogenic transcription factor expression, and increased fat tissue inflammatory cytokine generation. To define the mechanisms contributing to impaired adipogenesis with aging, we examined the release of @entity1505 , which inhibits adipogenesis, and the expression of @entity37724 ( @entity37724 ) homologous protein ( @entity21206 ), which blocks activity of adipogenic @entity37724 family members, in preadipocytes cultured from young, middle-aged, and old @entity35 . Medium conditioned by fat tissue, as well as preadipocytes, from old @entity35 impeded lipid accumulation by preadipocytes from young animals. More @entity1505 was released by preadipocytes from old than young @entity35 . Differences in @entity1505 -converting enzyme, @entity1505 degradation, or the presence of macrophages in cultures were not responsible. @entity1505 induced @entity35 preadipocyte @entity21206 expression. @entity21206 was higher in undifferentiated preadipocytes from old than younger animals. Overexpression of @entity21206 in young @entity35 preadipocytes inhibited lipid accumulation. @entity1505 short interference RNA reduced @entity21206 and partially restored lipid accumulation in old @entity35 preadipocytes. @entity21206 normally increases during late differentiation, potentially modulating the process. This late increase in @entity21206 was not affected substantially by aging: @entity21206 was similar in differentiating preadipocytes and fat tissue from old and young animals. @entity4053 , which normally causes an adaptive increase in @entity21206 , was less effective in inducing @entity21206 in preadipocytes from old than younger animals. Thus increased @entity1505 release by undifferentiated preadipocytes with elevated basal @entity21206 contributes to impaired adipogenesis with aging.

title: Increased XXXX and @entity37724 homologous protein with aging predispose preadipocytes to resist adipogenesis.

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity37724 :: ('25301(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein', 'C/EBP']

answer: @entity1505 :: (24835(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TNFalpha']


abstract: This article compares @entity4697 ( @entity4697 ) medications and discusses long-term therapy. In a review of the literature, @entity1154 oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and @entity1245 prove effective in treating @entity4697 . MAOIs treat comorbid @entity308 ; frequent side effects are @entity1296 and @entity551 . SSRIs are better tolerated than MAOIs, producing mild anticholinergic effects, but also producing gastrointestinal side effects and @entity250 . @entity1245 are generally well tolerated when titrated gradually; moderate sedation is the most common short-term side effect. Long-term risks are physical dependence and withdrawal reactions. One hundred six @entity4697 @entity1 were enrolled in a double-blind, 8-month, placebo-controlled trial of @entity1401 and @entity2645 . In the 8-week short-term phase, daily dosages were titrated up to 10 mg/day of @entity1401 and 250 mg/day of @entity2645 . The greatest number of dropouts occurred during this phase (lack of improvement and/or side effects). @entity1401 @entity1 had a significantly more rapid onset of improvement and lower adverse events and @entity6661 rates. In the 6-month maintenance period, @entity1 continued short-term treatment. @entity1 receiving either @entity1401 or @entity2645 developed tolerance to some side effects. At maintenance-phase completion, 62% of the @entity1401 -group @entity1 and 26% of both the @entity2645 - and placebo-group @entity1 were @entity4697 free (p<0.01). Dosages were tapered to zero over 3 weeks; one third of the @entity1401 @entity1 could not discontinue. During the unblinded, 15-month follow-up, @entity1 received open treatment selected by personal physicians on an as-needed basis. At the end of follow-up, all @entity1 were reassessed. @entity1 who had completed both short-term and maintenance phases were far more likely to be @entity4697 -free (85% vs. 55%; p<0.01). @entity4697 is chronic and recurrent, and 8 months is an effective treatment period. Maintenance treatment does not lead to tolerance, even with @entity1245 . Dose tapering must be very gradual. Completion of a long-term maintenance program strongly predicts remission.

title: XXXX : long-term pharmacotherapy and discontinuation.

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'PD', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['Alprazolam', 'alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['Panic disorder']


abstract: There is growing interest worldwide in rTMS as a clinical treatment for @entity308 . Apart from efficacy, its safety as a clinical treatment must be considered before its widespread use can be advocated. All published, sham-controlled rTMS @entity308 trials were reviewed for reported side-effects and outcomes of formal neuropsychological testing. In addition, all reports of @entity410 occurring with rTMS were reviewed. Other safety concerns (effects on hearing; @entity10 , @entity158 , induced currents in electrical circuits, histotoxicity, electromagnetic field exposure, @entity146 complications, safety in pregnancy) are discussed. Common side-effects were of a minor nature, e.g. @entity10 . There was a low incidence of accidental @entity410 and induced hypomania, both of which were associated with identified risk factors for which subjects should be screened. Long-term effects of repeated rTMS sessions are as yet unknown. When given within recommended guidelines, the overall safety profile of rTMS is good, and supports its further development as a clinical treatment.

title: A review of the safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a clinical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Complications related to central venous catheters (CVCs) in the postoperative period can be fatal. We recently had a case of @entity1143 and @entity649 caused by delayed @entity1317 . A 79-y-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of advanced @entity356 . A multiple-lumen CVC was placed through the left subclavian vein 1 d before surgery for postoperative nutritional management. The @entity1 suddenly complained of @entity1353 , and the chest X-ray film revealed right massive @entity1143 . Although the @entity1 's symptoms soon disappeared after the thoracentesis, she again developed severe @entity649 , and an endotracheal intubation was performed and her respiration was managed by mechanical ventilation. Computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed a displacement of the tip of the CVC out of the wall of the superior vena cava, @entity1764 , and leakage of intravenous fluid, which may have been caused by delayed @entity1317 due to the CVC. The CVC was removed immediately after the diagnosis of delayed @entity1317 at 10 d after surgery. The @entity1 soon recovered with conservative treatment and was discharged from the hospital 43 d after surgery. This case highlights an extremely rare presenting complication of CVC placement and total parenteral nutrition.

title: Delayed @entity1317 and severe XXXX as a rare complication of a central venous catheter and total parenteral nutrition.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'bilateral pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study of @entity958 , we investigated the relationship between FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER (FYF) and @entity1786 response DNA-binding Factors (EDFs) and functionally analyzed a key FYF target, an @entity1786 -Responsive Factor (ERF) that controls flower senescence/abscission. Ectopic expression of @entity65046 caused promotion of flower senescence/abscission and the activation of the senescence-associated genes. The presence of a repressor domain in EDFs and the enhancement of the delay of senescence/abscission in @entity65046 [converting EDFs to strong repressors by fusion with the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR)-motif repression domain SRDX] transgenic plants suggested that EDFs act as repressors. The significant reduction of GUS expression by 35S:FYF in @entity65046 :GUS plants indicates that @entity65046 function downstream of FYF in regulating flower senescence/abscission. In this study, we also characterized an ERF gene, FYF UP-REGULATING FACTOR 1 (FUF1), which is up-regulated by FYF during flower development. Ectopic expression of FUF1 caused similar delayed flower senescence/abscission as seen in 35S:FYF plants. This phenotype was correlated with deficient abscission zone formation, @entity1786 insensitivity and down-regulation of @entity65046 and abscission-associated genes in 35S:FUF1 flowers. In contrast, significant promotion of flower senescence/abscission and up-regulation of @entity65046 were observed in 35S:FUF1+SRDX transgenic dominant-negative plants in which FUF1 is converted to a potent repressor via fusion to a SRDX-suppressing motif. Thus, FUF1 acts as an activator in suppressing @entity65046 function and senescence/abscission of the flowers. Our results reveal that FYF regulates flower senescence/abscission by negatively regulating @entity65046 , which are the downstream genes in the @entity1786 response, by activating FUF1 in @entity958 .

title: FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER Negatively Regulates XXXX Response DNA-binding Factors (EDFs), by Activating An @entity1786 -Responsive Factor (ERF), to Control @entity958 Floral Organ Senescence and Abscission.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene', 'Ethylene']

answer: @entity1786 :: (MESH:C036216,Chemical) :: ['Ethylene']


abstract: It has been reported that joint effusion, the excessive accumulation of joint fluid in and around the joint, is related to @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) disorders such as @entity158 and disk displacement. However, there have been no longitudinal studies of this phenomenon. We performed a longitudinal study on the relationship between joint fluid and various pathological disk conditions. The subjects were 17 @entity1 who visited our facility for orthodontic treatment and were diagnosed using MRI as having internal derangement of one or both TMJs (three males and 14 females; age 12-31 years; mean age 20.5 years). MRI was performed before, during, or after treatment for their disorders. We evaluated the relationship between changes in joint fluid in the joint space and the state of the disk, as well as the presence or absence of @entity158 . Joint fluid was evaluated by classifying the extent of high-signal areas in the upper and lower articular cavities on T2-weighted images. The extent of high-signal areas was classified into five levels. Disk displacement and the extent of displacement were evaluated using proton density-weighted images. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, and differences in the distribution among the groups were examined. Effusion was noted on the first MRI in nine of the eleven joints (81.8%) in which joint fluid decreased on the second MRI (p<0.01). Displacement remained unchanged or worsened in 18 of the 21 joints (85.7%) that showed joint fluid on the first MRI (p<0.01). @entity158 was alleviated or absent in all joints in which the fluid decreased. These results suggest that joint fluid may be a factor in the outcome of disk recapture treatment as well as in the evaluation of @entity158 .

title: A longitudinal study of magnetic resonance (MR) evidence of XXXX ( @entity1348 ) fluid in @entity1 with TMJ disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: PHACE is an acronym for posterior fossa @entity75 , @entity2695 , @entity432 , @entity1498 and @entity299 , and @entity735 . Several case reports of @entity385 ( @entity385 ) in individuals with PHACE have been published, but risk factors for @entity385 in PHACE have not been clearly defined. The objective of this article is to review all cases of @entity64 in PHACE in @entity1 and describe clinical characteristics that may be associated with an increased risk of @entity385 . METHODS: A literature and registry search was conducted to identify @entity1 with PHACE who had experienced @entity385 . Data were analyzed to determine age of onset, presenting signs and symptoms, and clinical features among this cohort compared with PHACE without @entity385 . RESULTS: Twenty-two individuals with PHACE and @entity385 were identified. Imaging of the arteries of the head and neck was reported in 20 of 22. Narrowing or nonvisualization of at least 1 great cerebral vessel was present in 19 of 20 and of those, 15 had >=  2 vessels involved. @entity6127 were reported in 13 of 22 individuals. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3894 , @entity509 , or occlusion of a major cerebral artery appears to be a significant risk factor for @entity385 in @entity1 with PHACE, especially when >1 vessel is involved or if there is @entity1498 .

title: @entity64 in @entity1 with posterior fossa @entity75 , XXXX , @entity432 , @entity1498 and @entity299 , and @entity735 : a systematic review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain malformations']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic arch anomalies']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['arterial ischemic stroke', 'AIS']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9371 genes coding for natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, @entity9371 , influence the effector and regulatory function of NK cells as well as some subpopulations of T lymphocytes (e.g. @entity404 +CD28- @entity9371 +) depending on presence of ligands (particularly HLA-C molecules). @entity9371 - @entity9371 ligand interaction may lead to the development of @entity792 , including @entity309 ( @entity309 ). However, their role in the response of @entity309 @entity1 to @entity1499 therapy is not known. METHODS: @entity9371 genes and @entity9371 -ligand (HLA-C C1/C2 allomorphs) genotyping was performed using the PCR-SSP method in 312 @entity309 @entity1 (179 classified as good responders and 133 as poor responders using DAS28 criteria). Thus, we evaluated the association of @entity9371 genes and HLA-C allomorphs with the response to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) treatment. RESULTS: We observed that @entity1 possessing the full-length @entity32883 ( @entity32883 ) gene had a lower chance of responding in comparison to @entity32883 -negative cases. This phenomenon was observed both in @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and rheumatoid factor (RF) positive and in @entity66 - and RF-negative @entity1 . Interestingly, the observed effect of the @entity32883 gene was strongest in individuals possessing medium values (20-33 mm/h) of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). @entity1 with high ESR values had low probability and, in contrast, @entity1 with low ESR had a high probability of @entity1500 response, and the presence of @entity32883 did not affect their outcome. Additionally, we show that the @entity32883 effect did not depend on the presence of either @entity1605 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the response of @entity309 @entity1 with medium ESR values to @entity1500 treatment may be dependent on the full-length @entity32883 gene.

title: Presence of the full-length @entity32883 gene reduces the chance of @entity309 XXXX to respond to @entity1499 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['C1 or C2 allomorphs']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['erosive disease', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evidence regarding the relationship between @entity28 and @entity28 in Japan is limited. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between childhood mass index (BMI) at 3 months, 12 months, 3 years and 20 years in a general population. METHODS: Data obtained from @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20 years (born between 1968-1974), who had received medical examinations in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, were linked to data of medical examinations of the same individuals as @entity1 (3 months, 12 months, and 3 years). The relationship between childhood BMI (or Kaup index) and adult BMI was analyzed for a total of 2,314 @entity1 (1,080 @entity1 and 1,234 @entity1 ), whose data could be followed for 20 years. RESULTS: BMI at 20 years displayed significant positive correlations with BMI at 3 months, 12 months, and 3 years; this correlation was strongest with respect to BMI at 3 years (r = 0.33, p < 0.001 in @entity1 ; r = 0.42, p < 0.001 in @entity1 ). In terms of percentages of @entity28 @entity1 (BMI 25 kg/m2 or over) at 20 years in accordance with BMI categories at each age, the rates were 4.6% in @entity1 and 1.0% in @entity1 with a BMI less than 15 kg/m2 at 3 years, but 29.1% and 29.5%, respectively, with a BMI of 18 kg/m2 or over (6.3 and 29.5 times higher, respectively). Percentages of @entity28 @entity1 at 20 years were highest in those exhibiting an above average BMI at 3 years, regardless of the BMI at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Body mass in young adults is strongly related to body mass in childhood, especially with that at 3 years. About 30 percent of @entity28 @entity1 at 3 years remain @entity28 into adulthood. These results are of interest with respect to assessment of future risk of adulthood @entity28 at medical examinations for @entity1 in Japan.

title: [Relationship of @entity28 to XXXX : a 20-year longitudinal study from birth in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'infants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'adult obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['adult obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: This is a retrospective cohort comparison of combined chemotherapy and radiation versus esophagectomy in nonmetastatic @entity418 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1984 and 1994, 82 @entity1 received concurrent chemotherapy and radiation as their primary treatment. Their treatment consisted of 50-60 Gy of radiation in 20-30 fractions over 4-6 weeks, concurrent with bolus @entity1138 (8 mg/m2) on day 1, @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) infusion (20 mg/kg/day) +/- @entity4181 (20 mg/m2/day) on days 1-4 and 22-25. This group was compared to another cohort of 81 @entity1 who had esophagectomy. Both groups were restaged according to the 1983 AJCC clinical staging system and there was more clinical Stage III disease in the chemoradiation group, 30% versus 16%. RESULTS: The complete response rate was 68% after chemoradiation (by clinical assessment) and 83% for esophagectomy (by pathological assessment). At 5 years, the local relapse rate was 59% for chemoradiation and 51% for esophagectomy. The 5-year disease-free rate and survival were 23% and 25% for chemoradiation, and 21% and 23% for esophagectomy respectively. There was no significant difference in the disease control and survival between the two treatments. The pretreatment AJCC clinical stage was a strong prognosticator of outcome. The 5-year survival was 55% for Stage I, 16% for Stage II, and 8% for Stage III (p = 0.00003). CONCLUSION: Combined chemotherapy and radiation appeared to be as effective as esophagectomy in localized @entity418 .

title: Is combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy equally effective as surgical resection in localized XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancers']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether @entity2348 before 10 weeks' gestation is associated with miscarriage before 16 weeks. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: 32 general practices and five family planning clinics in south London. @entity1 : 1216 pregnant @entity1 , mean age 31, presenting before 10 weeks' gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of miscarriage before 16 weeks' gestation. RESULTS: 121 of 1214 @entity1 (10.0%, 95% confidence interval 8.3% to 11.7%) miscarried before 16 weeks. 174 of 1201 @entity1 (14.5%, 12.5% to 16.5%) had @entity6981 . Compared with @entity1 who were negative for @entity6981 those who were positive had a relative risk of miscarriage before 16 weeks' gestation of 1.2 (0.7 to 1.9). @entity6981 was, however, associated with miscarriage in the second trimester at 13-15 weeks (3.5, 1.2 to 10.3). Only 29 @entity1 (2.4%, 1.5% to 3.3%) had @entity281 , of whom one miscarried (0.32, 0.04 to 2.30). CONCLUSION: @entity6981 is not strongly predictive of early miscarriage but may be a predictor after 13 weeks' gestation. The prevalence of @entity1047 was too low to assess the risk, but it is unlikely to be a major risk factor in pregnant @entity1 .

title: Association between XXXX and miscarriage before 16 weeks' gestation: prospective community based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis or chlamydial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infection']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial vaginosis', 'bacterial vaginosis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial vaginosis or chlamydial infection']


abstract: Early identification of @entity1 with severe (discriminant function >or=32) biopsy-proven @entity99 ( @entity99 ) who are not responding to corticosteroids would be clinically relevant. Our goal was to develop simple criteria that will help physicians to promptly identify nonresponders to corticosteroids. A total of 238 @entity1 were included. We used 6 months survival as an end point because of the rule requiring 6 months for listing alcoholic @entity1 for transplantation. Overall survival at 1 and 6 months was 85% +/- 2.3% and 64.3% +/- 3.3%, respectively. An early change in @entity648 levels (ECBL) at 7 days (defined as @entity648 level at 7 days lower than @entity648 level on the first day of treatment) was observed in 73% of @entity1 . At 7 days, in @entity1 with ECBL, @entity648 decreased (84 +/- 75 micromol/L [4.94 +/- 4.40 mg/dL]), whereas it increased in @entity1 without ECBL (76.5 +/- 77 micromol/L [4.50 +/- 4.54 mg/dL], P <.0001). Ninety-five percent of @entity1 with ECBL continued to have improved liver function during treatment. At 6 months, survival of @entity1 with ECBL was significantly higher than that of @entity1 without ECBL, 82.8% +/- 3.3% versus 23% +/- 5.8%, P <.0001. On multivariate analysis, ECBL, discriminant function and @entity1011 were independent prognostic variables, and ECBL had the most important prognostic value. In conclusion, ECBL is a very simple predictive factor for identifying nonresponders. A recommendation to discontinue corticosteroids after 7 days in @entity1 without ECBL, suggested by our results, awaits additional confirmation.

title: Early change in XXXX levels is an important prognostic factor in severe @entity99 treated with prednisolone.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatitis', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['bilirubin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up-regulation of regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted ( @entity16620 / @entity16620 ) and adhesion molecules is observed in the serum of animals following experimental @entity510 ( @entity510 ). The present study was to examine the effect of @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) on @entity16620 and alternation of adhesion molecules in this model. METHODS: A rodent @entity510 model was employed. Animals were randomly assigned into six groups. Basilar artery (BA) was harvested for @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ), @entity297 ( @entity297 ), and E-selectin evaluation (western blotting) and @entity16620 (rt-PCR). 1  ng @entity16620 recombinant protein intrathecal injection was performed in the @entity3262   +   @entity510 groups. (N   =   5). RESULTS: Convoluted internal elastic lamina, distorted endothelial wall, and smooth muscle micro- @entity39 was prominently observed in the @entity510 groups, which is absent in the @entity3262 treatment and the healthy controls. Treatment with @entity3262 dose-dependently reduced the @entity1590 , E-selectin and @entity16620 level, compared with the @entity510 group (p <0.01). The administration of @entity16620 significantly increased @entity1008 (+) glia and @entity1590 level in the @entity3262 treatment groups. CONCLUSION: @entity3262 exerts its anti-vasospastic effect through the dual effect of inhibiting @entity16620 expression and reduced adhesion molecules. Besides, @entity3262 also decreased @entity1008 (+) cells transmigrated to the vascular wall. The administration of @entity16620 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of this compound on @entity1008 (+) monocytes, E-selectin, and @entity1590 level. This study also lends credence to support this compound could attenuate @entity510 induced adhesion molecules and @entity32 in a @entity16620 dependent mechanism.

title: @entity1092 attenuates XXXX and E-selectin through a chemokine ligand 5 dependent mechanism and @entity510 induced vasospasm in a rat model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-inflammation']

entities_list: @entity297 :: ('25361(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['VCAM-1', 'vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity1590 :: (25464(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity787 and CA 19-9 are the most common @entity5 associated antigens used in the staging of @entity1 with @entity5 and other parts of the colon. GOAL: of this study was to evaluate the value of @entity787 and CA 19-9 in serum of @entity1 with @entity694 and prove its place in the diagnostic staging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was retrospective-prospective performed at the Gastroenterohepatology Clinic, Clinical Center of Sarajevo University. The study included 91 hospitalized @entity1 who had histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity694 in 98% of cases. All @entity1 underwent colonoscopy, targeted biopsy and measurement of @entity787 and CA 19-9 levels in serum. All of them underwent abdominal CT and MRI of the pelvis in case of @entity5 . RESULTS: The study analyzed 58 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 , mean age 66.6 years, with the youngest @entity1 at age of 35 and the oldest at age of 89 years. The largest number of @entity1 was aged 56-75 years. According to localization 77 @entity1 had @entity189 located in the area of the rectum and sigma 37.4 and 37.4 in the rectostigmoid area and sigma. @entity3 were observed in 37 @entity1 , with predominance in the liver (22 cases) and both liver and lungs (5 cases). @entity787 and CA 19-9 were determined in all cases but @entity1 with @entity3 had high values, especially in the two cases of cecoascendent @entity694 where detected values were extremely high (1789ng/ml and 10780U/ml). Values of CA19 -9 were significantly higher (p<0.05). @entity787 mean values were highest in @entity1 aged over 75 years. In case of CA 19-9 high mean values have been recorded in @entity1 aged over 75 years with statistically significant differences between the age groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity787 and CA19-9 are cancer antigens that are late markers of @entity105 , with significantly elevated serum concentrations in case of @entity694 with already developed @entity3 . Older age group of @entity1 has significantly elevated levels of both antigens. @entity5 was twice more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 .

title: @entity5 Antigens ( XXXX and CA 19-9) as Markers of Advanced Stage of Colorectal Carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The treatment of @entity5327 may require surgery because of the high failure rate of intracavernous injections. Implantation of penile prostheses is a last resort which can be avoided in certain selected @entity1 in whom vascular surgery can be proposed. However, the modalities and results of this type of treatment remain controversial. We therefore evaluated the results of two different techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1st January, 1985 to 31st December, 1995, 114 @entity1 were operated for impotence due to pure veno-cavernous @entity337 in 23 cases (20%), associated with @entity455 in 38 cases (46%) or purely @entity9085 in 39 cases (34%). The mean age was 47.5 +/- 11 years (range: 20 to 74). These @entity1 had suffered from @entity323 for an average of 33.3 +/- 3 years. Pharmacological erection tests achieved rigid erection in only 6 cases. Two surgical techniques were used: end-to-end bypass graft between the epigastric artery and the dorsal artery of the penis ( @entity10620 ) in 44 cases and arterialisation of the deep dorsal vein of the penis (DVP) in 71 cases. RESULTS: Overall, there were 54 good results (48%), defined by return of normal erections allowing satisfactory sexual intercourse without any complementary treatment, 15 improvements (14%) and 45 failures (38%) with a mean follow-up of 18 months (range: 3 to 120). These results were equivalent in the case of pure veno-cavernous @entity337 (65%) of good results) or associated @entity455 (52%) of good results), but poorer results (31% of good results) were obtained in the case of pure @entity455 . The results were not statistically influenced by age or the presence of graft in all 3 types of @entity323 , arterial, veno-cavernous or mixed. However, this difference was only statistically significant for pure veno-cavernous @entity337 . The morbidity of arterialisation of the DVP was marked by high-flow syndrome in 21% of cases (n = 15), requiring surgical revision in 77% of cases (n = 11). Interestingly, 85% of good results on erectile function were obtained in this subgroup. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this series of vascular erectile impotence, regardless of the aetiology of @entity323 , are in favour of the better efficacy of arterialisation of the DVP compared to arterial bypass graft. The biological mechanisms underlying this better result need to be elucidated.

title: [Vascular microsurgery in the treatment of XXXX : clinical experience apropos of 115 operations performed according to 2 different surgical techniques].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular erectile insufficiency']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['vasculogenic erectile dysfunction']


abstract: The diagnosis of primary @entity96 was reviewed in 75 @entity1 . A definitive diagnosis was made during life in 63% and in a further 20% this condition was suspected though histological confirmation was obtained only at necropsy. The most common presenting complaints were @entity490 and @entity353 and the most frequent findings @entity382 and @entity843 . Less than one-half of the @entity1 were @entity1087 and when present it was usually mild. An arterial bruit was heard over the liver in 25% of the @entity1 . A @entity1789 in a @entity1 known to have @entity82 or @entity9595 should raise the possibility of a primary @entity5 ; this occurred in 24% of our @entity1 . @entity160 was found in the serum of 11 out of 18 cases. The presence of a mass in the liver was frequently confirmed by liver scan, portal venography, or hepatic arteriography, but these showed no features diagnostic of a primary @entity5 . Liver scan also proved useful in localizing the lesion for biopsy purposes. Definitive diagnosis is dependent on the histological demonstration of the features of the @entity5 . This can frequently be achieved by percutaneous needle biopsy, which was positive in 38 out of 57 @entity1 . Wedge biopsies were positive in a further nine @entity1 .

title: Diagnosis of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['sudden and unexplained deterioration']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'hepatic tumour']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['Alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['haemochromatosis']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['cancer of the liver']


abstract: In @entity15548 , three- to fourfold more @entity16335 dehydrogenase protein than @entity16055 kinase is needed for glycolysis because of differences in catalytic efficiency. Consistent with this requirement, higher levels of @entity16335 dehydrogenase were observed with two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The genes encoding these enzymes (gap and pgk, respectively) form a bicistronic operon, and some form of regulation is required to provide this differential expression. Two transcripts were observed in Northern RNA analyses with segments of gap as a probe: a more abundant 1.2-kb transcript that contained gap alone and a 2.7-kb transcript that contained both genes. Based on the relative amounts of these transcripts, the coding regions for @entity16335 dehydrogenase were calculated to be fivefold more abundant than those for @entity16055 kinase. Assuming equal translational efficiency, this is sufficient to provide the observed differences in expression. Operon fusions with lacZ provided no evidence for intercistronic terminators or attenuation mechanisms. Both gap operon messages were very stable, with half-lives of approximately 16 min (1.2-kb transcript) and 7 min (2.7-kb transcript). Transcript mapping and turnover studies indicated that the shorter gap message was a stable degradation product of the full-length message. Thus differential expression of gap and pgk results primarily from increased translation of the more stable 5' segment of the transcript containing gap. The slow turnover of the messages encoding @entity16335 dehydrogenase and @entity16055 kinase is proposed as a major feature contributing to the high level of expression of these essential enzymes.

title: Segmental message stabilization as a mechanism for differential expression from the XXXX gap operon.

entities_list: @entity15548 :: ('542', 'Species') :: ['Zymomonas mobilis']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity16055 :: ('CHEBI:61304', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity16335 :: ('MESH:D005986', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']

answer: @entity15548 :: (542,Species) :: ['Zymomonas mobilis']


abstract: AIM OF STUDY: The aim of this study was a comparative evaluation of the dynamics of change during selected behavior patterns related to students health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study covered a total of 1.496 students from University of Rzesz  w and Rzesz  w University of Technology, studying following disciplines: medical, humanities and exact sciences. The study was performed by using a diagnostic survey questionnaire technique. The study used a statistical test of independence chi-square. It was conducted from October to December 2009. Afterwards the study was repeated in 2012 in the same group of students. The percentage of students who were in class on the day of the study reached 59.1% of the assumed research sample. RESULTS: The research found that in 2009 and 2012, in the scope of selected unhealthy behavior, the respondents did not differ in the level of statistical significance in any of following categories: drinking @entity285 (p=0.4951); drug usage (p=0.2968); @entity286 smoking (p=0.6053) and usage of psychoactive substances (p=0.6581). Students used the drugs occasionally, mostly at social events in order to achieve pleasure. If it comes to sex of respondents who presented @entity146 @entity1 occurred more often (5.3% [2009] vs. 2.2% [2012]). University students derived from municipal areas had frequent contact with drugs (14.2% vs. 8.0%). Students of non-medical fields consumed @entity285 more often than the ones from medical fields of studies (11.7%, 7.9%). Repeated study shows in this category increase towards medical studies (23.2% vs. 8.9%). The same study (2012) indicates statistical differences between field of study and smoking (p = 0.0064) in reference to students of medical sciences (respectively 38.2% and 27.5%). ONCLUSIONS: This work showed that the stabilization prevalence of @entity146 considerina students. may be the result of positive changes and prevention pro. grams aimed at @entity1 and teenagers, constantly put on the national and regional level.

title: [Analisys of changes of XXXX among students from south-eastern Poland. Long-term prospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['risky behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['risky behaviors']


abstract: To determine the etiology and clinical predictors of @entity302 , a case-control study comprising 50 @entity1 and 50 control subjects was performed. @entity1 included @entity1 who had more than one @entity410 per month over at least 6 months. Control subjects included @entity1 with @entity302 who had been @entity410 -free for more than 6 months. @entity1 were evaluated with special reference to birth history and development. Clinical examination and neurodevelopmental assessment were performed in all the @entity1 . Drug monitoring was performed to exclude pseudointractability. @entity302 in the study group was caused by @entity14716 (48%) and sequelae of @entity4767 (24%) and was idiopathic in 20%. In the control group, @entity302 was idiopathic in 72%, a result of calcified @entity738 in 22%, and @entity14716 comprised 6% of the subjects. On univariate analysis, strong association was evident between @entity302 and several factors, including age at onset of @entity410 , remote @entity302 , initial @entity410 type, history of neonatal @entity410 , high initial @entity410 frequency, @entity4242 , and @entity16 . On multivariate analysis, @entity16 (odds ratio [OR] 12.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.58-41.89), age at onset of @entity410 less than 1 year ( @entity24773 .70; 95% CI 2.95-46.43), @entity410 /infantile @entity2473 (OR 10.36; 95% CI 2.39-44.93), and remote @entity302 (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.13-7.43), were independent predictors of intractability.

title: Etiology and clinical predictors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'myoclonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system infection']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity14716 :: ('MESH:D066087', 'Disease') :: ['perinatal problems']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['intractable epilepsy']


abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement may occur in 20-70% of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity1 where @entity16 are overt; this is termed @entity146 lupus or NPSLE. This review summarizes evidence that damage to the brain endothelium forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a contributory factor in NPSLE. The normal CNS is protected by blood-tissue barriers at three sites, the brain endothelium (BBB), the choroid plexus epithelium (blood-CSF barrier) and the arachnoid epithelium. The tight junctions of the barrier layers severely restrict entry of plasma constituents including proteins, so that the CSF and brain interstitial fluid contain low levels of protein. Methods for diagnosing @entity75 include imaging (CT, MRI) using contrast agents, and analysing protein content and profiles of CSF Changes in the albumin quotient Qalbumin show evidence for barrier damage, while changes in the immunoglobulin (Ig) index can indicate intrathecal antibody production. However, @entity75 may be transient, and hence undetected or underestimated. Few mechanistic studies exist, but the two main candidate mechanisms for @entity75 are microthrombi in cerebral vessels leading to ischaemia, and immune-mediated attack and activation of the endothelium leading to local cytokine production. Both can result in barrier breakdown. @entity16 could then be secondary to damage to the BBB. The implications for treatment of NPSLE are discussed.

title: The blood-brain barrier in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['BBB damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological syndromes', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']