abstract: PURPOSE: Solitary @entity652 of the @entity3243 is the major cause of @entity459 . Many centers advocate a minimally invasive surgical approach, wherein the surgeon explores only a localized area of the neck according to the preoperative imaging evaluation, and the @entity652 is resected without histological sampling from the other @entity3243 glands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of high-resolution ultrasonography (US) to localize @entity652 preoperatively and thereby aid in @entity1 selection for minimal procedures. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 77 consecutive @entity1 who underwent resection of a @entity3243 following ultrasonographic imaging between 2001 and 2002, and we assessed the accuracy of the preoperative localization of the @entity652 as well as the efficacy of the minimally invasive procedure. RESULTS: US correctly localized the @entity652 to a specific quadrant of the neck in 87% of the cases and to a specific side of the neck in 94%. Overall, US sensitivity was 89%, with a positive predictive value of 98%. Its sensitivity was not reduced by the presence of nodular disease of the thyroid gland. Success rate for the minimal procedure was 98% (50/51 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: US performed by a skilled operator is a reliable tool for @entity652 localization prior to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. If the US findings are inconclusive, a Tc-sestamibi scan should be used. If there is a high clinical suspicion of @entity652 in the presence of negative imaging studies, bilateral neck exploration should be performed.

title: Minimally invasive procedure for resection of a XXXX : the role of preoperative high-resolution ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prospective studies have shown a high prevalence of decreased compliance immediately after radical prostatectomy, which may be a temporary phenomenon in @entity1 in whom @entity322 persists for more than 1 year. We examined the video urodynamic records of 74 consecutive @entity1 referred to our urodynamic laboratory with @entity322 as the predominant symptom following radical prostatectomy to evaluate voiding parameters and bladder function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The urodynamic assessment was made an average of 3.8 years postoperatively. All @entity1 presented with persistent @entity322 , and 64 underwent radical retropubic and 10 radical perineal prostatectomy. RESULTS: A total of 42 @entity1 (57%) had @entity425 , 29 (39%) had detrusor instability and/or decreased compliance combined with sphincter weakness and only 3 (4%) had detrusor instability alone. Of 29 @entity1 with a combination of factors 8 had decreased compliance, with 3 also having detrusor instability. @entity850 occurred in 24% of the @entity1 . A total of 31 @entity1 voided by straining without demonstrable detrusor contraction (42% overall). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased compliance is an infrequent finding after radical prostatectomy. @entity854 in general are rarely the sole cause of @entity322 , with @entity425 present in the majority of @entity1 .

title: XXXX after radical prostatectomy: detrusor or sphincter causes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'post-prostatectomy incontinence']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter weakness alone', 'sphincter weakness being']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Detrusor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic strictures']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['Incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity704 are @entity5 with a challenging diagnosis. Our aim was to report our 17-year experience of these @entity5 and to highlight the challenges encountered and the main differential diagnoses ruled out. METHODS: We studied 12 (92%) @entity1 and 1 (7.7%) @entity1 with a mean age of 37 years (range 15-60 years). All @entity1 were symptomatic, with @entity662 representing the most frequent symptom. Radiology revealed anterior mediastinal masses in all cases, with either infiltration of the adjacent organs or pulmonary parenchymal metastases. RESULTS: The diagnosis was made on surgical biopsies in 12 cases and a lymph node biopsy in one. Microscopic examination revealed @entity957 in 3 cases, @entity1352 in 1, @entity3079 in 1, @entity189 in 2, @entity1358 in 1, @entity189 in 2, atypical @entity5 in 2, and @entity189 in 1. Total surgical resection was possible in one @entity1 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Follow-up was possible in only 6 @entity1 , and the mean survival reached 13 months. CONCLUSION: In spite of the lack of follow-up information, this study demonstrates the poor outcome associated with these @entity5 and the need for standardized treatment.

title: About XXXX : challenges in diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['Thymic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rare tumors', 'carcinoid tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma', 'lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma', 'sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymic carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7492 ( @entity7492 ) are the most common @entity5 in childhood. Diagnosis of @entity7492 is usually clinical, however, to determine the actual dimensions of the lesion or the anatomic changes that occur during its evolution and treatment, a color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) examination can be performed. To date, there are few publications that assess the sonographic response to @entity1169 in @entity7492 , and to our knowledge, none that consider simultaneous evaluation of both intralesional and normal peripheral blood vessels in these cases. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the anatomic effect of @entity1169 in @entity7492 and peripheral blood vessels using CDU. METHODS: A cohort study was performed in 10 pediatric @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity11126 in whom systemic therapy with @entity1169 was indicated. The @entity1 underwent a baseline and 3-month follow-up CDUs of the @entity5 and the main peripheral vessels of the right upper extremity. RESULTS: The group was composed of 7 (70%) @entity1 and 3 (30%) @entity1 . The average CDU decrease in size of the @entity2270 was 11%; of the transverse axis, 24%; @entity5 thickness, 30%; and intralesional vessel thickness, 46%. @entity2695 volume measured by CDU decreased an average of 51%. The thickness of the peripheral vessels did not change significantly between the baseline and 3-month follow-up CDUs. CONCLUSION: CDU permits noninvasive quantification of the changes in @entity7492 and peripheral vessels in @entity1 receiving @entity1169 therapy. In our cohort of cases there was a significant reduction in @entity5 volume; however, peripheral vascularity was not significantly affected.

title: Color Doppler Ultrasound Follow-Up of Infantile XXXX and Peripheral Vascularity in @entity1 Treated with @entity1169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['IHs', 'Infantile hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal axis']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['Hemangiomas']


abstract: Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved atypical antipsychotics for use in @entity1 with @entity303 , they are commonly prescribed in this population. Recent concerns about increased risk of cerebrovascular events and mortality have led to warnings. A systematic review was conducted to assess the benefits and harms of atypical antipsychotics when used in @entity1 with behavioral and @entity458 symptoms of @entity303 . Electronic searches (through March 2005) of the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were supplemented with hand searches of reference lists, dossiers submitted by pharmaceutical companies, and a review of the FDA Website and industry-sponsored results database. Using predetermined criteria, each study was assessed for inclusion, and data about study design, population, interventions, and outcomes were abstracted. An overall quality rating (good, fair, or poor) was assigned based on internal validity. The evidence for @entity1037 and @entity1090 supports their effectiveness compared with placebo. Short-term adverse events were similar to placebo. @entity1090 had no advantage over @entity1767 on efficacy measures in the better-quality studies. @entity1090 had an advantage over @entity1767 on some measures of @entity21 . Evidence for the other atypical antipsychotics is too limited to assess efficacy and safety. Trials were short term and conducted in highly selected populations. The potential for increased risk of cerebrovascular adverse events and mortality is a serious concern. To make judgments about when the benefits of atypical antipsychotics outweigh the potential harms, clinicians need more information. Additional data from existing trials and more-complete reporting of trial results could provide this information.

title: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of atypical antipsychotics in @entity1 with XXXX and behavioral symptoms of @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological']


abstract: The effects of local @entity5 @entity221 on regional lymph node @entity3 are inconclusive. We studied the effects of @entity221 on the incidence of popliteal, femoral, and abdominal lymph node @entity3 in C57BL/6 @entity19 with primary @entity6844 ( @entity48401 variant) growing subcutaneously in the left foot. @entity5 were heated to 42.3, 43.5, and 44.2 degrees C for 90 minutes either 7 days after inoculation of 5 X 10(4) viable cells (microscopic @entity5 = mic) or when the @entity5 were approximately 3 mm in diameter (macroscopic @entity5 = mac). Femoral lymph node @entity3 occurred in 0/21 control animals and in 8/22 (36%), 11/19 (58%), and 11/17 (65%) animals whose @entity5 were heated to 42.3, 43.5, and 44.2 degrees C, respectively. For all three treatments, the increase in @entity3 as compared to controls was statistically significant (p less than 0.004, Fisher's exact test). The incidence of abdominal lymph node @entity3 was slightly higher in the treated groups than controls. Twenty of 21 (95%) control @entity19 developed popliteal lymph node @entity3 and @entity221 -induced increases could not be demonstrated. Fifteen of 21 control @entity19 killed 3 weeks after amputation of @entity5 -containing leg had pulmonary @entity3 with an average of 6 +/- 4 (standard deviation) lesions per affected @entity19 . Pulmonary @entity3 occurred in 22/22 (100%), 17/19 (89%), and 13/17 (76%) of @entity19 whose @entity5 were heated to 42.3, 43.5, and 44.2 degrees C, respectively. The numbers of @entity3 for affected @entity19 were significantly increased compared to controls for @entity5 heated to 43.5 and 44.2 degrees C (28 +/- 43, 43 +/- 52, 119 +/- 121, p greater than 0.02, p less than 0.006, p less than 0.002, for two sample T-test). While 0/8 mic @entity5 were cured 5/9 mac @entity5 heated to 44.2 degrees C disappeared (p less than 0.03, Fisher's exact test) and there was a growth delay in the remaining @entity19 . @entity5 , heated to 43.5 degrees C, had an accelerated onset of growth while mac @entity5 heated to this temperature had a slight growth delay. Growth of both mic and mac @entity5 heated to 42.3 degrees C was similar to controls. These results show that therapeutic and subtherapeutic local @entity221 increases @entity3 to regional lymph nodes and to lungs even when primary @entity5 growth rate is partially or totally controlled.

title: Regional lymph node and pulmonary @entity3 after local @entity221 of melanomas in C57BL/6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'primary tumors', 'Mic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1 and models of @entity1315 display @entity528 in the hippocampal formation, but neuropathological changes also occur in other forebrain regions. We sought to evaluate the specificity and extent of @entity393 of the major forebrain regions in @entity302 @entity35 months after @entity4176 -induced @entity159 . In systematic series of Nissl-stained sections, the areas of major forebrain regions were measured, and volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri principle. In some regions, the optical fractionator method was used to estimate neuron numbers. Most @entity4176 -treated @entity35 showed significant @entity393 in the amygdala, olfactory cortex, and septal region, but others displayed different patterns, with significant loss only in the hippocampus or thalamus, for example. Average @entity393 was most severe in the amygdala and olfactory cortex (82-83% of controls), especially the caudal parts of both regions. In the piriform cortex (including the endopiriform nucleus) of @entity302 @entity35 , an average of approximately one-third of Nissl-stained neurons and one-third of the GABAergic interneurons labeled by in situ hybridization for @entity14019 mRNA were lost, and the extent of @entity528 was correlated with the extent of @entity393 . Volumetric analysis of major forebrain regions was insensitive to specific @entity528 in subregions such as layer III of the entorhinal cortex and the hilus of the dentate gyrus. These findings provide quantitative evidence that @entity4176 -treated @entity35 tend to display extensive @entity528 in the amygdala and olfactory cortex, although the patterns and extent of loss in forebrain regions vary considerably among individuals. In this @entity159 -based model, @entity16 appears to be more extensive and hippocampal damage appears to be less extensive than that reported for @entity1 with @entity1315 .

title: Stereological analysis of forebrain regions in @entity4176 -treated @entity302 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['extrahippocampal damage']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron and volume loss', 'neuron loss']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Obstacle clearance can be a hazardous locomotor task if not coordinated with the utmost accuracy. The current study explored changes in leading limb segment coordination during obstacle clearance in a population with @entity6447 using the planar law of intersegmental coordination. Eight @entity1 with @entity33624 , caused by mutations in the @entity33624 gene, and eight healthy adults stepped over obstacles. Healthy adults walked at natural speeds, as well as a velocity similar to the @entity1 with @entity6447 , resulting in three groups [healthy (H), matched velocity (MV) and @entity6447 ( @entity6447 )]. Elevation angles of the foot, @entity17237 and thigh in the sagittal plane were calculated. A principal component analysis was applied to limb segment trajectories, and a Fourier harmonic series was further used to determine temporal phase differences between adjacent segments. Although obstacle clearance was greater in the @entity6447 group, the planar nature of the 3D covariance plot of segment elevation angles, the covariance loop width and orientation did not differ between the @entity6447 , H and MV groups, suggesting that the planar patterns between elevation angles may not be heavily influenced by the cerebellum. Further analysis led to the observation of a nonlinear relationship between covariance loop width and thigh- @entity17237 fundamental harmonic phase difference, and a decrease in covariance loop width was observed when the fundamental harmonic phase difference between the thigh and @entity17237 segments is >90  . This study supports previous work that a greater safety margin is used in @entity1 with @entity6447 when stepping over obstacles, but reveals a mechanism of segmental coordination to facilitate this increase in toe clearance. Further work is required to determine whether ataxia severity has an effect on the observed coordination variables.

title: Increased obstacle clearance in XXXX with @entity33624 results in part from voluntary coordination changes between the thigh and @entity17237 segments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'cerebellar ataxia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Biochemical and immunological investigations were made on the nature of @entity29781 -treated antigens obtained from placenta and @entity5 tissues. 1) By the diffusion in gel method, a specific antigen common to @entity5 tissues was found in placental tissue, but not in normal tissue. Immunoelectrophoretically, a characteristic precipitate line was found in alpha2-globulin region. 2) Further purification of the placental antigens was carried out by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Four fractions positive to Folin reaction were detected. 3) Immunoelectrophoresis revealed that the active component was concentrated in a fraction eluted with 0.1 M @entity1219 in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 5.8 (5.8-fraction). 4) Further purification of the active component was performed by using @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Chemical analysis indicated that it belonged to glycoprotein. 5) This substance did not induce @entity417 in @entity95 and had no influence on the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. These results indicate that this substance is different from the @entity417 -inducing substance which was previously reported by us.

title: Immunological and biochemical investigations on the XXXX -treated antigens obtained from placenta and from @entity5 tissues.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity29781 :: ('CHEBI:38824', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorocarbon']

answer: @entity29781 :: (CHEBI:38824,Chemical) :: ['fluorocarbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent research has shown a relationship of @entity717 with neck- @entity158 -related disability has been shown. However, there is still insufficient information demonstrating the influence of neck @entity158 and disability in the sensory-motor activity in @entity1 with @entity10 attributed to @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of neck- @entity158 -related disability on masticatory sensory-motor variables. METHODS: An experimental case-control study investigated 83 @entity1 with @entity10 attributed to @entity2956 and 39 healthy controls. @entity1 were grouped according to their scores on the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) (mild and moderate @entity717 ). Initial assessment included the @entity158 catastrophizing scale and the @entity10 Impact Test-6. The protocol consisted of baseline measurements of pressure @entity158 thresholds (PPT) and @entity158 -free maximum mouth opening (MMO). Individuals were asked to perform the provocation chewing test, and measurements were taken immediately after and 24 hours later. During the test, @entity1 were assessed for subjective feelings of fatigue (VAFS) and @entity158 intensity. RESULTS: VAFS was higher at 6 minutes (mean 51.7; 95% CI: 50.15-53.26) and 24 hours after (21.08; 95% CI: 18.6-23.5) for the group showing moderate @entity717 compared with the mild @entity717 group (6 minutes, 44.16; 95% CI 42.65-45.67/ 24 hours after, 14.3; 95% CI: 11.9-16.7) and the control group. The analysis shows a decrease in the @entity158 -free MMO only in the group of moderate disability 24 hours after the test. PPTs of the trigeminal region decreased immediately in all groups, whereas at 24 hours, a decrease was observed in only the groups of @entity1 . PPTs of the cervical region decreased in only the group with moderate @entity717 24 hours after the test. The strongest negative correlation was found between @entity158 -free MMO immediately after the test and @entity717 in both the mild (r = -0.49) and moderate (r = -0.54) @entity717 groups. VAFS was predicted by catastrophizing, explaining 17% of the variance in the moderate @entity717 group and 12% in the mild @entity717 group. CONCLUSION: Neck- @entity158 -related disability and @entity158 catastrophizing have an influence on the sensory-motor variables evaluated in @entity1 with @entity10 attributed to @entity2956 .

title: Masticatory sensory-motor changes after an experimental chewing test influenced by XXXX catastrophizing and neck- @entity158 -related disability in @entity1 with @entity10 attributed to @entity2956 .

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['craniomandibular disability', 'NDI', 'neck disability index', 'neck disability']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital with a chief complaint of lower abdominal mass. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity5 using colonoscopy and also diagnosed with unresectable @entity5 because abdominal CT revealed @entity3 to the liver, lung and lymph node located porta hepatis. The @entity1 was treated with TS-1 combined with @entity2600 . The TS-1 (80 mg/m2) was orally administered for 2 weeks and followed by a 2 week interval, and @entity2600 (80 mg/m2) was simultaneously administered biweekly. One cycle of chemotherapy was 28 days. The @entity1 experienced grade 1 @entity1431 and @entity1398 . Abdominal CT revealed partial response after 2 cycles. After 6 cycles, the @entity1 was subjected to curative operation. Pathological efficacy was Grade 1a at lymph node @entity3 and Grade 3 at liver @entity3 . TS-1 combined with @entity2600 regimen was very feasible and convenient, and obtained a good compliance. So this regimen was promising for unresectable @entity14 . In the future, this regimen will be verified in phase III clinical trial and compared with FOLFIRI and FOLFOX regimens.

title: [A case of an increase in resectability with preoperative chemotherapy TS-1 combined with @entity2600 for unresectable XXXX in downstaging].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of the Framingham and United Kingdom Prospective @entity6 (UKPDS) cardiovascular risk equations in Australian @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were initially free of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). DESIGN AND SETTING: The Fremantle @entity6 (FDS), a community-based longitudinal observational study; data for the period 1993-2006 were used. @entity1 : Of the 815 FDS @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were initially @entity65 -free, 791 (97%) were eligible for assessment using the UKPDS equations, and 697 (86%) using the Framingham equation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity65 endpoints during 5 years of follow-up. For the UKPDS equations, these were fatal @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity944 (fatal @entity301 [ @entity301 ]); hospitalisation for/with or @entity204 from @entity583 or @entity944 (all @entity301 ); fatal @entity64 ; and all @entity64 . For the Framingham equation, they were all @entity583 , @entity944 ( @entity301 ). RESULTS: During follow-up to first @entity65 event, @entity204 or 5 years, there were 38 MIs (11 fatal) and 23 @entity64 (13 fatal) in the UKPDS-assessable cohort of FDS @entity1 . The UKPDS risk equations for all @entity301 , fatal @entity301 , and all @entity64 overestimated the number of events by 6.5, 2.8 and 1.8 times, respectively. The risk equation for fatal @entity64 underestimated the number of events by 38%. The UKPDS @entity301 risk equations showed modest discrimination and poor calibration, while the @entity64 risk equations showed good discrimination and calibration. The Framingham equation predicted 28% fewer @entity301 events than occurred (93 v 130), and discrimination and calibration were poor. CONCLUSIONS: While the UKPDS @entity64 risk equations performed relatively well, the UKPDS and Framingham @entity301 risk equations are not suitable for predicting risk in Australians with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Comparison of the Framingham and United Kingdom Prospective @entity6 cardiovascular risk equations in Australian XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 from the Fremantle @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Study', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death or angina pectoris', 'sudden death']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 glandular salivary secretions contain several acidic @entity1521 -rich phosphoproteins (PRPs). These proteins have important biological functions related to providing a protective environment for the teeth, and appear to possess other activities associated with modulation of adhesion of bacteria to oral surfaces. These functions and activities depend on the primary structures of the PRPs. Previously determined @entity535 sequences of two 150-residue molecules, PRP-1 and @entity18465 , and two related 106-residue proteins, @entity18464 and @entity7675 , indicated that residue 4 was @entity2734 in PRP-1 and @entity18464 , and @entity2574 in @entity18465 and @entity7675 , and position 50 was @entity2734 in all four proteins. Recent data from cDNA sequence studies and further structural studies, however, showed that the previously proposed sequences cannot be completely correct. The present work has shown that the protein previously designated as PRP-1 actually consisted of two positional isomers, @entity18463 , which has @entity2734 and @entity2574 at positions 4 and 50 respectively, and authentic PRP-1, which has the reverse arrangement. The same isomerism is present in the smaller proteins, PIF-f and @entity18464 . Since the isomeric pairs have identical compositions and charges, their presence was not previously detected. Also, by using a more highly purified preparation, it has been found that position 50 in @entity18465 and @entity7675 is @entity2574 , rather than @entity2734 previously reported. These new findings for the six PRPs define their complete primary structures, which are now consistent with those proposed for PRP-1 and @entity18463 from cDNA data, and are also consistent with the chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviours of the six PRPs and their derived peptides. These corrected structures are important for understanding the biological functions and activities of these unusual proteins.

title: The primary structures of six @entity1 salivary acidic @entity1521 -rich proteins (PRP-1, PRP-2, XXXX , @entity7675 , @entity18463 and PIF-f).

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity18464 :: (9129,Gene) :: ['PRP-3']


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-month-old male @entity21394 was examined because of a 3-week history of lameness of the left hind limb. CLINICAL FINDINGS: @entity1273 was initially detected in the left hind limb but resolved and was detected in the right hind limb during treatment. @entity1273 increased during periods of rapid growth. Radiography revealed multiple small opacities of the medullary cavity of several long bones throughout treatment. Core bone biopsies of lesions in the tibiae revealed lamellar bone with areas of loose connective tissue, osteoblasts in the medullary cavity, and periosteal new bone formation, all which were consistent with panosteitis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Palliative treatment was attempted with epidural and transdermal administration of analgesics. @entity3258 was administered PO, which coincided with an abrupt increase in serum @entity1011 concentration. Performance of multiple diagnostic bone biopsies led to remission of clinical signs of @entity158 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Panosteitis should be a differential diagnosis for shifting limb lameness in young @entity20770 . Bone biopsies can be useful for diagnosis of panosteitis and possible relief of @entity158 associated with the disease. @entity21394 may be susceptible to the @entity8 of @entity3258 , especially when dehydrated.

title: Suspected panosteitis in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21394 :: ('9837', 'Species') :: ['Bactrian camels', 'Bactrian camel']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3258 :: ('MESH:C014558', 'Chemical') :: ['flunixin meglumine', 'Flunixin meglumine']

answer: @entity20770 :: (9838,Species) :: ['camel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess clinical and surgical outcomes in @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 and negative screening ultrasonographic (US) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a database of 4,000 @entity1 who underwent screening US for suspected blunt @entity1661 at a level 1 @entity130 center, the authors retrospectively identified 3,679 @entity1 with negative US findings. In these @entity1 , outcome was determined by means of retrospective review of the @entity130 registry and all radiologic, surgical, and autopsy reports. In @entity1 with false-negative findings at screening US, all imaging studies and medical charts were also reviewed. Proportions were statistically compared by means of the Pearson chi(2) and Fisher exact tests. Monte Carlo estimation was applied when expected frequencies were low. RESULTS: Among the 3,679 @entity1 with negative findings at screening US, 99.9% (n = 3,641) had no injuries (true-negative findings). Differences in true-negative rates as a function of year (P >.5) or time of day (P >.3) were not significant. Among the 3,641 @entity1 with true-negative findings, 93.6% (n = 3,407) required no additional tests and 6.4% (n = 234) underwent computed tomography or other tests. The percentage of @entity1 who underwent additional tests was significantly higher in the 1st year of the study (19.2%) than in subsequent years (all comparisons, P <.001). Thirty-eight @entity1 had false-negative US findings for @entity3511 . The injuries that were missed in 24 @entity1 were nonsurgical (those that were treated successfully without intervention or were considered minor at autopsy) and those in 14 @entity1 were surgical (required surgical intervention). Cumulatively, 65 injuries were missed. The six most common injuries included retroperitoneal @entity1410 (n = 13) and injuries in the spleen (n = 10), liver (n = 9), kidney (n = 8), adrenal gland (n = 8), and small bowel (n = 7). Twenty-five of the 38 @entity1 had no or trace hemoperitoneum. Mean diagnostic delay until recognition of missed injury was 16.8 hours +/- 4.3 (standard error of the mean). The missed injury was identified within 12 hours in 19 of the 38 @entity1 and within 24 hours in 34. CONCLUSION: The combination of negative US findings and negative clinical observation virtually excludes @entity3511 in @entity1 who are admitted and observed for at least 12-24 hours.

title: Blunt XXXX : clinical value of negative screening US scans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity8019 is a genetically determined disorder that causes varying degrees of @entity149 . Our aim was to investigate the occurrence of known, or new, mutations in the @entity24382 gene in two unrelated @entity1 with clinical suspicion of the @entity8019 . Methods: Two unrelated @entity1 - the first with behavioral changes, the second with progressive @entity73 - underwent a clinical and genetic examination in order to establish a diagnosis and discover a possible mutation. Results: In the first @entity1 , a 47 year old @entity1 , the clinical examination showed @entity303 of the frontal type and @entity508 . The @entity1 also suffered from @entity1887 for 6 years. An MRI showed confluent @entity75 in FLAIR images in the frontal lobe of both hemispheres. The second @entity1 , a 16 year old @entity1 , suffered also from @entity5343 since the age of 9, and developed @entity73 in the course of one year. The MRI showed posterior @entity194 and @entity75 in parietal and occipital lobes in T2WI. In both cases, genetic analyses showed a missense mutation at the @entity57886 in exon 1 of the @entity24382 gene, predicting the substitution @entity57887 in the @entity8019 protein. Conclusion: We detected the same mutation of the @entity24382 gene in two unrelated @entity1 with @entity8019 . In the first case there was frontal lobe involvement, in the second case parieto-occipital involvement. Both pathologic involvement and clinical presentation differed in two cases of the same mutation.

title: Differing clinical presentations of two unrelated cases of @entity8019 with identical mutation XXXX in the @entity24382 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'man']

entities_list: @entity57886 :: ('c|SUB|A|CODON887|G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['codon 887 (A>G)']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['malfunction of the adrenal cortex and central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperintensive lesions']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8019 :: ('MESH:D000326', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy', 'adrenoleukodystrophy']

answer: @entity57887 :: (p|SUB|Y|296|C,ProteinMutation) :: ['Y296C']


abstract: @entity599 mustard ( @entity2033 ) ( @entity30783 ) is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and suspected carcinogenic properties, but occupational health standards have not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the dominant lethal effect in male and female @entity35 dosed orally with @entity2033 , for which currently available data are ambiguous. @entity35 of each sex, 6-7 weeks old, were orally administered 0, 0.08, 0.20 or 0.50 mg kg-1 @entity2033 5 days a week for 10 weeks, after which dominant lethal studies were conducted during the post-exposure period. The studies were conducted in two phases: a female dominant lethal phase in which treated or untreated males were mated with treated females and their fetuses were evaluated 14 days after copulation; and a male dominant lethal phase in which treated males cohabited with untreated females for 5 days and fetuses were evaluated 14 days after the mid-point of the week of cohabitation, for each of 10 weeks. In addition, motility, population size and morphology were measured in sperm obtained from the cauda epididymis. Parental growth rates were reduced in both sexes treated with the high level of @entity2033 . Female dominant lethal effects were not observed, although significant male dominant lethal effects were observed in @entity2033 -exposed male @entity35 mated to untreated females at 2 and 3 weeks' post-exposure. These effects, which included increases of early fetal resorptions and preimplantation losses and decrease in total live embryo implants, were most consistently observed at a dose of 0.50 mg kg-1. A significant P(P < 0.05) increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm was detected in males exposed to 0.50 mg kg-1 @entity2033 . The timing of dominant lethal effects is consistent with an effect during the post-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis, possibly involving the generally sensitive spermatids.

title: Dominant lethal study of XXXX mustard in male and female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity30783 :: ('CHEBI:25434', 'Chemical') :: ['bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: Most @entity1 with @entity3123 are not curable. Surgical @entity3883 and @entity1084 leaves many @entity1 with severe @entity158 from @entity3123 . Anesthesiologists have drawn increasing attention to the successful use of postoperative percutaneous celiac @entity616 for the treatment of @entity158 . Ironically, little attention has been paid to celiac @entity616 during laparotomy. We reviewed the cases of 12 @entity1 with @entity3123 and severe @entity490 who were treated surgically. All @entity1 had operative celiac @entity616 with absolute @entity167 at the time of exploratory laparotomy for biliary bypass, gastroenterostomy, or @entity5 biopsy. @entity282 relief was obtained in 10 of the 12 @entity1 ; two had only partial relief. No operative complications were related to celiac @entity616 ; one @entity1 died postoperatively of @entity55 . Average postoperative hospital stay was 13 days and average postoperative survival was 3 1/2 months. Most @entity1 had excellent @entity158 relief for at least 2 months or until @entity204 . Because most @entity1 treated surgically for @entity3123 are receiving only palliation with biliary bypass or gastroenterostomy, surgeons should pay increased attention to @entity158 relief. Operative celiac @entity616 is easy, safe, and highly effective in relieving the agonizing @entity3123 .

title: Improving palliation in pancreatic cancer: intraoperative celiac XXXX for @entity158 relief.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma', 'pain of pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['palliation of obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Complete postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plexus block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['plexus block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 in young adults is a major health problem being associated with a higher vascular morbidity and mortality compared to controls, and a @entity64 recurrence rate of 25% during the first decade. The assumed cause of @entity1188 and the detected risk factors determine the early- and long-term treatment. However, for many @entity1 the cause of @entity64 remains unknown. Risk factor profile and etiology differ in young and elderly @entity385 @entity1 , and @entity731 is the determined underlying condition in 10 to 15%. However, subclinical @entity731 is probably more prevalent and may go unrecognized. METHODS/DESIGN: NOR- @entity60907 is a prospective long-term research program. Standardized methods are used for anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and ultrasound data collection in @entity385 @entity1 aged  <=60 years, their partners and joint adult offspring. The ultrasound protocol includes the assessment of intracranial, carotid and femoral arteries, abdominal aorta, and the estimation of VAT. To date, the study is a single centre study with approximately 400 @entity1 , 250 partners and 350 adult offspring expected to be recruited at our site. DISCUSSION: NOR- @entity60907 aims to increase our knowledge about heredity and the development of @entity455 in young @entity1 with @entity385 and their families. Moreover, optimization of diagnostics, prophylaxis and early intervention are major targets with the intention to reduce @entity64 recurrence and other clinical arterial events, @entity717 , @entity73 and @entity204 .

title: The XXXX in the Young Study (NOR- @entity60907 ): rationale and design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Norwegian Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Maintaining an adequate blood @entity413 level is essential for neuron integrity. The increased energy demand imposed on the fetus by the birth process in combination with a limited @entity413 production capacity therefore threatens brain function. It is logical to presume that mechanisms increasing @entity413 mobilization as well as decreasing peripheral @entity413 utilization has evolved to preserve brain function, even after complicated deliveries. DESIGN: We studied umbilical cord levels of hormones involved in acute @entity413 regulation as well as @entity442 ( @entity442 ), modulating factors @entity33855 as well as @entity650 ( @entity650 ) in 149 @entity1 born after different degrees of birth stress. We measured @entity413 , insulin, @entity442 , @entity10116 , @entity2301 , glucagon, @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), prolactin, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), @entity701 and @entity650 in umbilical cord blood of @entity1 born at term gestation after: A) elective Cesarean-section (n = 37), B) normal delivery (n = 87) or C) complicated delivery (n = 25). All @entity1 were of normal birth weight for gestational age. Arterial pH and @entity880 as well as S-100B, a marker of @entity528 , were used as stress variables. RESULTS: With increasing fetal stress, we found significant and generally progressive elevations in @entity413 , @entity10116 , @entity650 , ACTH, @entity701 , glucagon, @entity2124 , prolactin and @entity880 . This was accompanied by significant decreases of @entity442 , insulin and arterial pH. S-100B and @entity2301 levels did not differ between groups. @entity10116 showed a significant positive correlation to @entity650 and @entity880 and a significant negative correlation to both @entity442 and arterial pH. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing stress and energy demands during birth are accompanied by increasing fetal levels of @entity413 -mobilizing hormones in combination with depressed levels of insulin and @entity442 , despite increasing blood @entity413 . Furthermore, @entity10116 and @entity650 increase steeply, presumably aimed at diminishing insulin-like activity of @entity442 , thereby reducing peripheral @entity413 utilization. We believe that @entity10116 and @entity650 deserve evaluation as potential intrapartum indicators of fetuses at risk for @entity1763 .

title: @entity10116 and XXXX are markers of fetal stress during parturition at term gestation.

entities_list: @entity33855 :: ('3484;3486', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and -3']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4047 is a pleiotropic cytokine, which shares many biological functions with @entity3646 . The receptor subunits of @entity4047 consist of @entity9597 , IL-13Ralpha1 and @entity9596 . The regulatory mechanisms of the @entity16210 expression in the keratinocytes of certain @entity272 have not been known. OBJECTIVE: To clear the roles of @entity4047 and the regulatory mechanisms of its receptor in @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and @entity1569 . METHOD: The expression of IL-13Ralpha1 in the skin of @entity483 and @entity1569 was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The regulation of @entity16210 mRNA in the skin and @entity1 primary keratinocyte (HPK) was investigated by quantitative PCR. The secretion of @entity650 and @entity5737 from HPK was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The expression of IL-13Ralpha1 was more prominent on the suprabasal keratinocytes in the skin of @entity483 and striking increase of staining was observed on all layers of keratinocyte in the skin of @entity1569 . The mRNA of IL-13Ralpha1, but not of @entity9596 was overexpressed in both skin of @entity483 and @entity1569 . In vitro experiment using HPK demonstrated that @entity379 , @entity4047 but not @entity3646 could up-regulate the mRNA expression of IL-13Ralpha1. In contrast, @entity9596 mRNA expression was up-regulated by @entity379 plus @entity3646 . Furthermore, the stimulation of HPK with @entity379 plus @entity4047 and/or @entity3646 resulted in significant enhancement of @entity650 and @entity5737 secretion. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that @entity3646 and @entity4047 have different regulatory effects on the expression of IL-13Ralpha1 and alpha2, and the overexpression of IL-13Ralpha1 may play some roles in the pathogenesis of chronic stage of @entity483 or @entity1569 .

title: Up-regulation of @entity16210 on XXXX keratinocytes in the skin of @entity1569 and @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This case series aims to describe the demographic and clinical features of male inpatients with early onset @entity1277 . METHOD: Retrospective review was made of medical files of male @entity1 treated for @entity1277 at two @entity1 's hospitals over a 2 year period, with an onset of @entity1277 before age 14 years, presenting for index admission. Demographic characteristics, DSM-IV diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment received were reviewed. RESULTS: Ten male @entity1 with a median age of 12.8 years (range 10.2 to 13.5) were identified; three met the full criteria for @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) and four met all except the weight criterion. There was high @entity146 comorbidity: four with a major @entity308 , seven an @entity148 , three with @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) symptoms. Seven engaged in over-exercise. Seven were treated with an antidepressant, and five with an atypical antipsychotic; six required nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding. CONCLUSION: A minority of @entity1 met full diagnostic criteria for @entity1278 , with many not meeting weight criteria despite medical instability. The main clinical features were food restriction, over-exercise and @entity146 comorbidity. Treatment with antidepressants, antipsychotics and NGT feeding was frequent. Future prospective studies could help identify gender-specific features as well as benefits and potential side effects of pharmacotherapy in this age group.

title: Early onset XXXX in male adolescents: a series of 10 inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of @entity1 's bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage on endogenic foreign body in bronchus. METHOD: (1) Three hundred and thirty-seven cases had bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage whose chest X-ray diagnoses were @entity3127 with one or two lobe @entity2415 and/or @entity891 , in which 22 cases had severe @entity55 with @entity712 and @entity1576 . All cases had no history of foreign bodies' inhalation and become more @entity1353 after a three-day treatment of antibiotics. Three hundreds and thirty one cases of bronchoalveolar lavages were divided into two groups randomly using saline or @entity4580 , saline group had 126 cases (aged 0 approximately 10 years, mean age, 3 years ); @entity4580 group had 211 cases(aged 0 approximately 8 years, mean age, 3.1 years). RESULT: There were 331 cases of @entity999 , 126 cases in left lung, 178 in right, and 27 cases in both sides. Judging from nature of emboli, 305 cases were mucus, 4 cases were milk valve, 22 cases were white membrane of @entity3617 . In @entity4580 group, 172 cases (81.2%) were cured, 39 cases (18. 8%) showed effective, the total effective rate was 100 percent. In saline group, 96 cases were cured, 24 cases showed effective, the total effective rate was 100 percent. There wasn't statistically significant between two groups in total effective rate. The average hospitalization time had a statistical significance between saline group (11 days) and @entity4580 group (6 days). Two cases of complication of pneumothorax happened in operation. They recovered through closed drainage of thoracic cavity and 3 cases dead. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage could shorten the course of endogenic foreign body in bronchus; especially it has significance to those cases of respiratory path obstruction with heart and @entity1576 . @entity3617 could be determined by bronchoscopy and a pathologic histologic examination thereafter.

title: [ XXXX 's bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage on endogenic foreign body in bronchus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['plastic bronchitis', 'Plastic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['endotracheal endogenous purulent emboli']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'azythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: It is unknown whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) predicts outcome depending on implanted stent type. We investigated the prognostic value of hs-CRP in relation to type of stent implanted in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Immediately before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), 301 @entity1 had blood drawn. @entity1 were categorized according to hs-CRP levels and combination of hs-CRP ( <=2 vs >2 mg/L) and stent type (bare metal stent [BMS] vs drug-eluting stent [DES]). Hs- @entity13228 mg/L (median, hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 5.6, p = 0.007) and the combined variable of hs- @entity13228 mg/L and BMS (hazard ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 4.5, p = 0.006) independently predicted the composite end point of @entity204 and MI at 36-month follow-up. There was a significant interaction (p = 0.006) for hs-CRP and stent type. Survival analysis demonstrated significant differences for occurrence of @entity204 and MI: 4.8% in BMS + @entity13228 mg/L, 11.9% in DES + @entity13228 mg/L, 17.6% in @entity4743 + @entity13228 mg/L, and 27.9% in BMS + @entity13228 mg/L. None of the 14 stent @entity715 occurred in @entity1 with BMS + @entity13228 mg/L. In conclusion, preprocedure hs-CRP predicts outcome after pPCI in @entity1 with @entity583 . Our hypothesis-generating data indicate that BMS implantation should be preferred when hs-CRP is  <=2 mg/L and DES when hs-CRP is >2 mg/L to decrease long-term adverse outcomes including stent @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity583 treated with pPCI. These findings need confirmation in larger randomized clinical trials.

title: Usefulness of preprocedure high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to predict XXXX , recurrent @entity583 , and stent @entity715 according to stent type in @entity1 with @entity583 randomized to bare metal or drug-eluting stenting during primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the diagnosis and therapy of @entity418 have improved over the past decade, the prognosis remains dismal. Since MAGE-A @entity5 /testis antigens (CTA) are potential targets for immunotherapy, this study was aimed at evaluating their expression in these @entity1 and its prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using 57B monoclonal antibody, MAGE-A CTA expression was analyzed in paraffin-embedded @entity5 specimens of 98 @entity1 with @entity1721 or @entity420 who had undergone surgical resection. For all @entity1 , a postoperative follow-up of at least 4 years was available. The expression was quantified using a scoring system considering intensity and homogeneity of the immunostaining. The prognostic relevance of MAGE-A expression was analyzed in univariate analyses as well as Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS: 57B positivity could be detected in 38 @entity5 (38.8%). Positive staining was observed in five out of 32 @entity420 (15.2%) and in 33 out of 66 (50%) @entity957 . MAGE-A expression did not correlate with the TNM classification, grading or age of the @entity1 . Both univariate (p=0.88) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.82) revealed that MAGE-A expression lacked prognostic significance in @entity418 . CONCLUSION: MAGE-A was expressed in half of the @entity957 of the esophagus, but rarely in @entity420 . Although its immunodetection was insufficient for prognostic evaluation, the high expression rate suggests MAGE-A as a potential target for immunotherapy in the first group with the ability for pretherapeutic testing.

title: Expression of MAGE-A @entity5 /testis antigens in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: The mucosal immune system consists of a number of compartments that are populated with a different assortment of cells and serve different functions. The cytokines produced by the cells in each of these compartments are currently being defined. This is best understood in relation to B cells, whose proliferation and maturation is guided by a sequence of cytokines. PP are inductive sites that preferentially stimulate IgA production. At least in part, this preference seems to be due to the T cells located in PP, which have been shown to stimulate switching to IgA production by cognate interactions and production of TGF-beta. Postswitch B cells expressing surface IgA respond to @entity225 , a cytokine produced by T cells in GALT. Terminal differentiation to IgA-producing plasma cells in the lamina propria may be driven by @entity650 , which can be produced by a variety of cells in the lamina propria and by epithelial cells. T cells in the lamina propria have an assortment of surface markers consistent with both activation and memory and appear to produce a variety of cytokines in the local environment that presumably act in normal host defense. IEL consist mainly of CD8+ T cells. They have been shown to produce @entity379 and, very likely, other cytokines that presumably act in a paracrine fashion on local enterocytes. How these cells and cytokines are perturbed during intestinal @entity32 is currently being defined. A certain assortment of cytokines are greatly increased in IBD. This assortment, including @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity687 , is elevated in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory states in other tissues as well. A critical requirement for cytokines to exert their effects is the expression of specific receptors on target cells. Virtually nothing is known about this aspect of mucosal immunity, but receptor expression on mucosal cells must be defined before we will be able to understand the complex interactions among lymphoid cells, the cytokines they produce, and the local stromal and epithelial cells.

title: Cells and cytokines in mucosal immunity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: DNA demethylases regulate DNA methylation levels in eukaryotes. @entity958 encodes four DNA demethylases, @entity58152 (DME), @entity15350 ( @entity15350 ), @entity58153 ( @entity58154 ), and @entity58155 . While DME is involved in maternal specific gene expression during seed development, the biological function of the remaining DNA demethylases remains unclear. RESULTS: We show that @entity15350 , @entity58154 , and @entity58155 play a @entity364 resistance in @entity958 . A triple DNA demethylase mutant, rdd ( @entity15350 @entity58154 @entity58155 ), shows increased susceptibility to the fungal pathogen @entity4278 . We identify 348 genes differentially expressed in rdd relative to wild type, and a significant proportion of these genes are downregulated in rdd and have functions in stress response, suggesting that DNA demethylases maintain or positively regulate the expression of stress response genes required for @entity4278 resistance. The rdd-downregulated stress response genes are enriched for short transposable element sequences in their promoters. Many of these transposable elements and their surrounding sequences show localized DNA methylation changes in rdd, and a general reduction in @entity5557 methylation, suggesting that RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), responsible for @entity5557 methylation, may participate in DNA demethylase-mediated regulation of stress response genes. Many of the rdd-downregulated stress response genes are downregulated in the RdDM mutants nrpd1 and nrpe1, and the RdDM mutants nrpe1 and ago4 show enhanced susceptibility to @entity4278 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a primary function of DNA demethylases in plants is to regulate the expression of stress response genes by targeting promoter transposable element sequences.

title: DNA demethylases target promoter transposable elements to positively regulate stress responsive genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['role in fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum', 'F. oxysporum']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: International travel is rapidly increasing worldwide, and the greatest increases have occurred in tropical and subtropical areas. The aim of the survey was to investigate the pre-travel health-seeking practices of travelers to Asian destinations. METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted at the Athens International Airport between the 1st of November 2011 and the 30th of April 2013. RESULTS: A total of 1666 adult travelers participated in the study, and 69.7% were @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 39 years. Previous travel to tropical countries was reported by 69% of the @entity1 . The most frequent destination was the Indian subcontinent (45.0%). The main reasons for travel were visiting friends and relatives (VFRs; 36.5%) and business (32.4%). Most of the @entity1 traveled for <1 month (51.4%). Only 24.5% pursued pre-travel consultations. Vaccinations were administered to 14.4% of the @entity1 , and of those, 77%, 73%, and 32.5% received @entity99 , @entity116 /diphtheria, and typhoid vaccines, respectively. @entity311 prophylaxis was given to 12.2% of the @entity1 . Logistic regression analysis revealed that being male and unemployed, having an elementary level of education, traveling to visiting friends and relatives, and short durations of travel were significant determinants of not seeking pre-travel consultations. CONCLUSION: Significant gaps were revealed in the vaccinations and @entity311 prophylaxes of travelers departing to Asia. Specific educational tools should be developed to improve the awareness of travelers to high-risk destinations.

title: Vaccination and XXXX prophylaxis among Greek international travelers to Asian destinations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Secondary @entity9058 ( @entity9058 , HLH) follows @entity1800 , @entity5 , and @entity792 . Criteria for HLH diagnosis, which were proposed in 2004, include @entity2298 . However, some studies reported the absence of @entity2298 in @entity1 with secondary HLH, differing from those with primary HLH. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this study, we investigated the presence or absence of @entity2298 in 28 @entity1 who were diagnosed with secondary HLH between 1997 and 2007 retrospectively. There were no @entity1 undergoing treatment for those with a history of @entity407 . RESULTS: The subjects consisted of 14 @entity1 with @entity706 , 11 with virus-associated HLH, 2 with @entity792 , and 1 with post transplantation HLH. In 19 @entity1 (68%), @entity2298 was noted on diagnosis or during the disease period (mean: 242 mg/dL). Furthermore, the @entity412 (TG) level decreased with the treatment-related amelioration of HLH (mean level before and after treatment: 297 and 136 mg/dL, respectively, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the TG level is useful for diagnosing HLH and evaluating the treatment response. TG measurement is simple and inexpensive; therefore, this parameter can be determined several times to evaluate the treatment response.

title: Analysis of XXXX value in the diagnosis and treatment response of secondary @entity9058 .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma-associated HLH']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome', 'hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disorders']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune disease-associated HLH']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with relapsed (10) or primarily refractory (5) @entity3052 were treated with a combination of @entity2592 (3 g/m2 i.v. every 12 h, 12 doses, days 1-6), @entity332 (100 mg/m2 orally every 12 h, 12 doses, days 1-6) and @entity5699 (60 mg/m2 i.v. on days 5 and 6 only). Complete remission was achieved in 11 @entity1 . Eight of 10 relapsed @entity1 and 3 of 5 primarily refractory @entity1 entered remission. Median remission duration was 7.5 months (2-36+ months). Ten of the 11 remissions resulted from a single induction course. The time to hematologic recovery was comparable to that seen with 'standard'-dose @entity2592 regimens. @entity137 , although considerable, was not greater than that seen with high-dose @entity2592 alone. The most significant problem was @entity344 with @entity294 occurring in the majority of @entity1 . Mild @entity137 (reversible @entity76 ) occurred in 2 @entity1 .

title: High-dose XXXX , @entity5699 and @entity332 in relapsed or refractory @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Nonhematologic toxicity', 'neurologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunomycin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thioguanine']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytosine arabinoside']


abstract: In some tissues, @entity1522 (AA) stimulate translation initiation via interactions between @entity28888 ( @entity28888 ), @entity3801 and @entity44031 . @entity7245 have been shown to induce pancreatic proteases independently of @entity8586 in @entity35 , the mechanism of which has not yet been clarified. In the present study, we examined the mechanism in @entity35 for protease induction by dietary AA and determined the involvement of translation initiation. Male @entity35 /ST @entity35 were fed a 20 or 60% casein or AA mixture diet for 7 d and were intravenously injected with [35S] @entity1853 (Met) 30 min before killing on d 7 (expt. 1). In expt. 2, @entity35 were fed a 20 or 60% AA diet for 7 d and after food deprivation and refeeding with the respective diet on d 7 were killed at 0, 1 or 3 h. We measured mRNA and [35S] Met incorporation into chymotrypsinogen, phosphorylation status of @entity28888 and the association of @entity3801 with @entity28888 or @entity44031 . In expt. 1, chymotrypsin activity and synthesis were higher in both of the 60% diet groups than in the 20% diet groups, but the mRNA level and @entity28888 status did not differ. In expt. 2, chymotrypsin activity increased in the 60% AA diet group in a time-dependent manner. The translation initiation activity via the @entity3470 pathway indicated an increase similar to chymotrypsin activity. There were no differences in chymotrypsin mRNA level at any point. These results indicate that dietary AA induce chymotrypsin synthesis by promoting translation, and transient activation of translation initiation via @entity3470 may be associated with this induction.

title: Dietary XXXX promote pancreatic protease synthesis at the translation stage in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['Dietary AA']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity28888 :: ('116636(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['eukaryote initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein 1', '4E-BP1']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: @entity5 gene therapy based on tissue-restricted expression of cytotoxic gene should achieve superior therapeutic index over an unrestricted method. This study compared the therapeutic effects of a highly augmented, prostate-specific gene expression method to a strong constitutive promoter-driven approach. Molecular imaging was coupled to gene therapy to ascertain real-time therapeutic activity. The imaging reporter gene (luciferase) and the cytotoxic gene (herpes simplex @entity1014 kinase) were delivered by adenoviral vectors injected directly into @entity1 @entity263 grafted in @entity915 @entity19 . Serial bioluminescence imaging, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography revealed restriction of gene expression to the @entity5 when prostate-specific vector was employed. In contrast, administration of constitutive active vector resulted in strong signals in the liver. Liver serology, tissue histology, and frail condition of animals confirmed @entity99 suffered by the constitutive active cohorts, whereas the prostate-targeted group was unaffected. The extent of @entity5 killing was analyzed by apoptotic staining and @entity1 prostate marker (prostate-specific antigen). Overall, the augmented prostate-specific expression system was superior to the constitutive approach in safeguarding against systemic @entity137 , while achieving effective @entity5 killing. Integrating noninvasive imaging into cytotoxic gene therapy will provide a useful strategy to monitor gene expression and therapeutic efficacy in future clinical protocols.

title: Micro-PET/CT monitoring of herpes @entity1014 kinase suicide gene therapy in a XXXX xenograft: the advantage of a cell-specific transcriptional targeting approach.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver toxicity']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative biliary drainage is considered essential in perihilar @entity201 (PHC) requiring major hepatectomy with biliary-enteric reconstruction. However, evidence for postoperative biliary drainage as to protect the @entity254 is currently lacking. This study investigated the impact of postoperative external biliary drainage on the development of post-hepatectomy biliary leakage and @entity1578 (PHLF). METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent major liver resection for suspected PHC between 2000 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Biliary leakage and PHLF was defined as grade B or higher according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) criteria. RESULTS: Eighty-nine out of 125 (71%) @entity1 had postoperative external biliary drainage. PHLF was more prevalent in the drain group (29% versus 6%; P = 0.004). There was no difference in the incidence of biliary leakage (32% versus 36%). On multivariable analysis, postoperative external biliary drainage was identified as an independent risk factor for PHLF (Odds-ratio 10.3, 95% confidence interval 2.1-50.4; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: External biliary drainage following major hepatectomy for PHC was associated with an increased incidence of PHLF. It is therefore not recommended to routinely use postoperative external biliary drainage, especially as there is no evidence that this decreases the risk of @entity834 .

title: External biliary drainage following major liver resection for perihilar XXXX : impact on development of @entity1578 and biliary leakage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['biliary anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of a combined treatment of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD), a well-known formula of traditional Chinese medicine, and neural stem cells (NSCs) on @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and the associated underlying mechanisms. A @entity1566 model was established by surgery via a complete transection of the T10 vertebra of female @entity35 . Gelatin sponges were used to absorb NSCs labeled with the @entity1014 analog, @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ), and were transferred into the transected spinal cords. BYHWD was administered once a day by introgastric infusion. Motor functions of the hind limbs were evaluated using the 21-point locomotor rating scale developed by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB). The fate of the transplanted NSCs under the various conditions was examined by double immunofluorescence staining, using markers for neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, with @entity1603 . Ultrastructural changes of the @entity1566 site following the various treatments were examined under a transmission electron microscope. The number of double positive cells for glial fibrillary acidic protein and @entity1603 in the BYHWD + NSC group was significantly decreased when compared with that in the NSC group (P<0.05). However, the number of cells that were labeled double positive for @entity8382 and @entity1603 , as well as neuron specific enolase and @entity1603 , was greater in the BYHWD + NSC group when compared with the NSC group. Electron microscopy demonstrated that treatment with BYHWD combined with NSCs significantly alleviated @entity17 . Results from the BBB motor function test exhibited a significant improvement in the BYHWD + NSC group when compared with the @entity1566 , BYHWD and NSC only groups. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the traditional Chinese medicine formula, BYHWD, exerted an effect on the differentiation and migration of NSCs. Combining the administration of BYHWD with NSCs was shown to have a synergistic effect on the recovery of neurological function, mitigating the progress of @entity17 or ameliorating the recovery of myelination.

title: Synergistic effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction and embryonic neural stem cell transplantation on the recovery of neurological function in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: We report a 43-year-old male with @entity5441 . The @entity1 has had @entity1712 since the age of 25. He developed @entity565 at 41 years of age. In the following year, he consulted a gastroenterologist because of @entity221 and abdominal discomfort. Upper gastrointestinal study showed @entity9317 . At the age of 43 years, there was slight @entity221 , @entity11563 , and @entity1712 . Examination in our department disclosed @entity5441 associated with @entity9317 , endomyocarditis with an intraventricular @entity715 , and @entity565 caused by house dust. Both @entity617 and @entity117 were administered with improvement of @entity1712 and partial thrombolysis. Assays of @entity2772 , @entity2841 , and @entity225 revealed increased activity of @entity225 , @entity2841 , and @entity2772 in this order. Especially @entity225 has by far the strongest activity in these cytokines. @entity225 may play an important role in the development of @entity5441 .

title: [A case of @entity5441 followed by XXXX , intraventricular @entity715 , and @entity9317 ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11563 :: ('MESH:D003969', 'Disease') :: ['watery diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological characteristics of the hematopoietic cells in @entity2590 ( @entity4289 ) and the relationship between the biological indices and the disease progressing. METHODS: R banding technique for karyotype analysis, in vitro semi-solid culture for CFU-GM growth patterns, flow cytometry after monoclonal antibody labeling for proliferation cell nuclear antigen ( @entity1364 ) expression, flow cytometry after in vitro @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation for cell cycle kinetics analysis, and X-linked HUMARA gene polymorphism assay for hematopoiesis clonality analysis were carried out in 37 @entity4289 @entity1 . RESULTS: 1. @entity2008 were detected in 31% of the @entity4289 @entity1 and @entity3052 transformation occurred in 2 of 9 with normal and 3 of 5 with abnormal chromosomal karyotypes. 2. The mean CFU-GM colony yield was decreased and cluster yield increased in the @entity4289 @entity1 . Disease progression in 6 of 9 with more CFU-GM cluster yields, while only 1 of 9 with either normal or no CFU-GM yields transformed into @entity3052 . 3. Percentages of @entity1364 -positive BMMNCs were significantly higher in @entity4289 @entity1 than in normal control (44.22% vs 26.82%, P < 0.01). @entity7139 / @entity7139 -t subtypes had significantly higher @entity1364 -positive cells (P < 0.01). 4. The mean @entity1603 labeling index of @entity236 was lower (5.07%), the mean DNA synthesis time (Ts) and potential doubling time(Tpot) of @entity4289 @entity1 were longer than that of normal control (p < 0.01), and the increased Ts and T pot were related to the disease progression. 5. Monoclonal pattern of BMMNCs was detected in 5 of 7 heterozygous female RA @entity1 and the other 2 were polyclonal hematopoiesis. All 3 @entity7139 and 1 @entity4289 / @entity3052 were monoclonal hematopoiesis. CONCLUSION: With disease progressing and bone marrow blasts increasing, the biological nature of the hamatopoetic cells in @entity4289 exhibited a tendency to transformation as follows: hematopoiesis converting into clonal, in vitro CFU-GM growth pattern approaching leukemic, @entity1364 expression increasing, and cell cycle prolonging.

title: [The implications of the biological indices examination of bone marrow cells in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['MDS marrow cells']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Cytogenetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: CONTEXT: Epidemiologic studies suggest that endogenous @entity251 (T) levels in males may be implicated in @entity65 ( @entity65 ), however further clarification is needed. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between endogenous plasma T and mean carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), and the longitudinal relationship with incident clinical @entity65 events, cardiac mortality, and all-cause mortality using male @entity1 in the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. DESIGN: This study involved a subset of @entity1 from visit 4 of the ARIC study. SETTING: The study was conducted in a community based cohort. @entity1 : Males who provided a morning blood sample excluding those taking @entity342 therapy, with prevalent @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity64 , or @entity712 ( @entity712 ) (n = 1558). INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma T by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and carotid IMT using high resolution B-mode ultrasound were obtained at visit 4. Incident @entity301 , @entity712 , cardiac mortality, and all-cause mortality were identified by surveillance through 2010 (median 12.8 years). RESULTS: Lower T was significantly associated with higher body mass index, greater waist circumference, @entity6 , @entity101 , lower HDL, and never smoking (P = 0.01). T was not associated with mean cIMT in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Following multivariable adjustment, there was no association of quartile (Q) of T with incident @entity301 [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.60-1.26) for Q1; 0.97 (95% CI = 0.69-1.38) for Q2; 0.97 (95% CI = 0.69-1.36) for Q3 compared to reference of Q4] or for incident @entity712 [HR = 0.77 (95% CI = 0.46-1.29) for Q1; 0.72 (95% CI = 0.43-1.21) for Q2; 0.87 (95% CI = 0.53-1.42) for Q3 compared to reference of Q4]. Similarly there was no association of Q of T with mortality or cardiac-associated mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Low male plasma T is cross-sectionally associated with key @entity65 risk factors, but after adjustment there was no association with mean cIMT, incident @entity299 , or mortality. Our results are reassuring that neither high nor low T levels directly predict @entity731 , but are a marker for other cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Endogenous @entity251 and its Relationship to Preclinical and Clinical Measures of @entity65 in the XXXX Risk in Communities Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While the prevalence of @entity27 among @entity1 with Down syndrome is reported to vary from 30 to 50%, the nocturnal respiratory patterns of adults with Down syndrome is not well known. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate sleep-related @entity387 in a sample of adults with Down syndrome. METHODS: We studied the nocturnal respiratory patterns of 6 adults with Down syndrome, aged 28-53 years. All @entity1 were monitored for 8 hours using a 12 channel polysomnograph. Respiratory events (apnoeic and hypopnoeic) were classified as obstructive or central, in relation to the presence or the absence of paradoxical @entity1353 . RESULTS: All @entity1 had respiratory pauses during sleep. 5 of them had an apnoea/hypopnoea index > 10, justifying the diagnosis of @entity25 . About 85% of the respiratory events were apnoeic, the others being hypopnoeic. Among all the respiratory events 89.2% were obstructive, whereas only 10.8% were central. The central events were almost always organised in very low and regular sequences and respiration frequently showed a true periodic pattern, consisting of short periods of augmented @entity1353 followed by central events causing @entity26 desaturation. CONCLUSIONS: According to the literature and in conjunction with the current study's results it could be hypothesised that the nocturnal respiratory pattern of adults with Down syndrome depends on several pathogenetic factors such as age, severity of @entity1030 , body mass index (BMI), other pathological conditions and age-related @entity409 .

title: Sleep related XXXX in adults with Down syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['breathing disorders']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing', 'breath']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea syndrome']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['breathing disorders']


abstract: The ability of Holter monitoring to predict clinical events during @entity2643 therapy was evaluated in 83 @entity1 with @entity453 and inducible monomorphic @entity1165 . Sixty-four @entity1 (77%) had significant @entity1540 (> or = 10 ventricular premature complexes [VPCs]/hour) at baseline, and 19 (23%) did not; @entity1 were similar in age (63 and 65 years, respectively; p = 0.24) and ejection fraction (31 and 32%, respectively; p = 0.75). Over a mean of 23 +/- 17 months, there was no difference in @entity943 recurrence (33 and 26%; p = 0.89) or @entity944 (16 and 20%; p = 0.94) in @entity1 with and without significant ectopy, respectively. In @entity1 with significant ectopy, @entity2643 decreased VPC frequency from baseline to 2 weeks, but not from 2 to 6 weeks. Forty-two @entity1 had > 85% reduction in ectopy at 2 weeks; 20 @entity1 did not. However, this reduction of simple VPCs did not predict a decrease in arrhythmic recurrence (29 vs 40%; p = 0.59) nor @entity944 (25 vs 11%; p = 0.56) in @entity1 with and without VPC suppression, respectively. Forty-five @entity1 had Holter monitoring at 6 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 (47%) had > 95% suppression of ectopy, and 24 did not. Neither the recurrence (38 vs 38%; p = 0.54) nor @entity944 (33 vs 13%; p = 0.45) rate was predicted by the degree of VPC suppression. @entity2643 is a powerful suppressant of VPCs, but Holter suppression of this ectopic activity is not predictive of clinical outcome.

title: Usefulness of Holter monitoring in predicting efficacy of @entity2643 therapy for sustained XXXX associated with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy activity']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess different methods of measuring therapy adherence in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). In a single centre observational study, 112 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity191 were randomised to a crossover trial of active monitoring (n = 69, simple tablet count and electronic monitoring), or to no monitoring (n = 43, control group). All @entity1 completed a self report and visual analogue scale (VAS) indicating therapy intake. In the active monitoring group, 56 (81% of cases) used > or = 80% of their medication, and 13 (19% of cases) used <80%, based on electronic monitoring. Median adherence for self report was 100% (interquartile range (IQR) 100 to 100) and for VAS was 100% (IQR 95 to 100), in both active and control groups. @entity1 taking > or = 80% of prescribed medication had a median total adherence of 98% (IQR 93 to 101) by electronic monitoring, which was similar to that from other METHODS: self report 100%, IQR 100 to 100; VAS 100%, IQR 95 to 100; simple tablet count 98%, IQR 89 to 100. Median total adherence in @entity1 taking <80% of medication was significantly lower by electronic monitoring (69%, IQR 44 to 74) than by other methods: self report 100%, IQR 100 to 100; VAS 100%, IQR 95 to 100; and simple tablet count 90%, IQR 78 to 100 (all p<0.0001). Sensitivities of self report (10%), VAS (17%), and simple tablet count (50%) were all low for detecting suboptimal medicine intake. Self report, VAS, and simple tablet counts are insensitive as predictors of suboptimal medicine usage in @entity191 . How @entity1 take their medicines influences interpretation of the therapy response and consequent management decisions, with implications for clinical trial analysis and clinical practice.

title: Measuring therapy adherence in XXXX : a comparison of methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Characterization of retinal cells, cell transplants and gene therapies may be helped by pre-labeled retinal cells, such as those transfected with vectors for green fluorescent protein expression. The aim of this study was to analyze retinal cells and optic nerve components from transgenic green @entity19 (GM) with the 'enhanced' green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene under the control of the CAG promoter (a @entity1573 b-actin promoter and a @entity2803 enhancer). The structural analysis and electroretinography recordings showed a normal, healthy retina. Surprisingly, EGFP expression was not ubiquitously located in the retina and optic nerve. Epithelial cells, photoreceptors and @entity162 cells presented high green fluorescence levels. In contrast, horizontal cells, specific amacrine cells and ganglion cells exhibited a null EGFP expression level. The synaptic terminals of rod @entity162 cells displayed a high green fluorescence level when animals were kept in the dark. Immature retinas exhibited different EGFP expression patterns to those noted in adults. Axons and glial cells in the optic nerve revealed a specific regional EGFP expression pattern, which correlated with the presence of myelin. These results suggest that EGFP expression might be related to the activity of both the CAG promoter and b-actin in mature retinal neurons and oligodendrocytes. Moreover, EGFP expression might be regulated by light in both immature and adult animals. Since GM are used in numerous retina bioassays, it is essential to know the differential EGFP expression in order to select cells of interest for each study.

title: 'Green XXXX ' display limitations in enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in retina and optic nerve cells.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Descriptions of genes that are adaptively evolving in @entity1 and that carry polymorphisms with an effect on cognitive performances have been virtually absent. @entity12252 encodes a presynaptic protein with a role in regulation of neurotransmitter release. We analysed the intra-specific diversity along @entity12252 and identified a region in intron 1 that shows signatures of balancing selection in @entity1 . The estimated TMRCA (time to the most recent common ancestor) of the @entity12252 haplotype phylogeny amounted to 2.08 million years. The balancing selection signature is not secondary to demographic events or to biased gene conversion, and encompasses @entity25260 . This SNP has previously been associated to cognitive performances with contrasting results in different populations. We analysed this variant in two Italian cohorts in different age ranges and observed a significant genotype effect for @entity25260 on verbal performances in females alone. Post hoc analysis revealed that the effect is driven by differences between heterozygotes and both homozygous genotypes. Thus, heterozygote females for @entity25260 display higher verbal performances compared to both homozygotes. This finding was replicated in a cohort of Italian subjects suffering from @entity4094 that do not affect cognition. Heterozygote advantage is one of the possible reasons underlying the maintenance of genetic diversity in natural populations. The observation that heterozygotes for @entity25260 display higher verbal abilities compared to homozygotes perfectly fits the underlying balancing selection model. Although caution should be used in inferring selective pressures from observed signatures, @entity12252 might represent the first description of an adaptively evolving gene with a role in cognition.

title: Variants in XXXX are targets of natural selection and influence verbal performances in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

answer: @entity12252 :: (6616,Gene) :: ['SNAP25']