abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alpha-2 agonists are mixed with local anaesthetic agents to extend the duration of spinal, extradural and peripheral nerve blocks. We compared @entity1338 and @entity6948 as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic agent in supraclavicular brachial plexus block with respect to onset and duration of @entity3481 and duration of @entity1337 . METHODS: Sixty ASA I and II @entity1 scheduled for elective upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were divided into two equal groups in a randomized, double-blinded fashion. Group C received @entity1338 1  g/kg and Group D received @entity6948 1  g/kg added to @entity1341 0.25% (35 cc). Onset and recovery time of @entity3481 , duration of @entity1337 and quality of block were studied in both the groups. RESULTS: @entity616 and motor block was 227.00  48.36 and 292.67  59.13 min, respectively, in group C, while it was 413.97  87.13 and 472.24  90.06 min, respectively, in group D. There was no statistically significant difference in onset of @entity3481 between the two groups. The duration of @entity1337 (time to requirement of rescue @entity1337 ) in group D was 456  97 min, while in group C, it was 289  62 min. Statistically, this difference was significant (P=0.001). The number of @entity1 achieving grade IV quality (excellent) of block was higher in group D (80%) as compared with group C (40%) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity6948 when added to local anaesthetic in supraclavicular brachial plexus block enhanced the duration of @entity3481 and also the duration of @entity1337 . The time for rescue @entity1337 was prolonged in @entity1 receiving @entity6948 . It also enhanced the quality of block as compared with @entity1338 .

title: Comparison of @entity6948 and XXXX (a2 agonist drugs) as an adjuvant to local anaesthesia in supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A randomised double-blind prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor block']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of sensory block']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity161 which is perhaps the most disabling and puzzling form of a @entity146 is often conceptualized as 'gila' (lunacy or @entity3320 ) by the Malaysian society. The debilitating nature of the disorder and recurrent relapse of its @entity716 have often been misunderstood and lead to @entity911 among the family members, who play the role as primary caregivers. While @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ) has been widely studied in the Western world, it is not well understood in Malaysia. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at investigating the predictive role of relatives' @entity5785 index and components as well as @entity1314 traits in relapse among @entity161 @entity1 in Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley, Malaysia. METHODS: A total of 160 subjects consisting of 80 @entity1 diagnosed with chronic @entity161 and 80 relatives were recruited to participate in Phase 1 of the study. Only @entity1 - @entity1 were followed-up 6 months later for Phase 2 of the study in order to check for possible relapse. The Family Questionnaire (FQ) and the short scale Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) were administered to measure relatives' @entity5785 and @entity1314 traits, respectively. @entity1 ' were considered to relapse if they were readmitted into psychiatric wards 6 months post-hospital discharge. RESULTS: The findings revealed that the odds for @entity1 to relapse were increased by 8 times when relatives demonstrated high- @entity5785 level. Relatives' critical comments (CC) turned out to be the strongest predictor with the odds to relapse increased by 12% when they demonstrated an increase in CC level. Relatives' @entity1314 traits particularly the extraversion trait also turned out to be the significant direct predictor to @entity1 ' relapse. Our results showed that a unit decrease in extraversion trait score predicted the odds for @entity1 to relapse by 23%. DISCUSSIONS: Our findings supported the Western findings on the significant role of relatives' high- @entity5785 level particularly the CC scale on the course of @entity161 . The novelty of the current finding was demonstrated in the significant role of relatives' extraversion trait that directly predicted @entity1 ' relapse. Results also indicated the feasibility of @entity5785 in predicting relapse among @entity161 @entity1 in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

title: XXXX relapse in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: do relatives' @entity5785 and @entity1314 traits matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['EE', 'expressed emotion']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episodes']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: The @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) pathway of songbirds has an essential but poorly understood function during song learning, a process requiring auditory experience. Consistent with a role in processing auditory information, two nuclei of the @entity1347 , the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (IMAN) and Area X (X), contain some of the most complex auditory neurons known. In adult zebra finches, these neurons are strongly selective for both spectral and temporal properties of song: They respond more robustly to the @entity17523 ( @entity17523 ) than to songs of conspecific individuals, and they respond less well to @entity17523 if it is played in reverse. IMAN and X neurons of young finches early in the process of song learning (30-45 days of age) are also song responsive, but lack the song and order selectivity present in adult birds. By an intermediate stage of learning (60 days), when birds have experience of both tutor song and their own developing (plastic) song, @entity1347 neurons have significant song and order selectivity for both tutor song and @entity17523 (in this case, plastic song). The degree of @entity17523 selectivity is still less than that found in adults, however. In addition, neurons at 60 days are heterogenous in their preference for @entity17523 versus tutor song: Most prefer @entity17523 , some prefer tutor song, and others respond equally to both songs. The selectivity of adult @entity1347 auditory neurons therefore arises rapidly during development in neurons that are initially unselective. These neurons are one of the clearest examples of experience-dependent acquisition of complex stimulus selectivity. Moreover, the neural selectivity for both @entity17523 and tutor song at 60 days raises the possibility that experience of both songs during learning contributes to the properties of individual @entity1347 neurons.

title: Song- and order-selective neurons develop in the songbird XXXX during vocal learning.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'anterior forebrain']

entities_list: @entity17523 :: ('MESH:D001715', 'Disease') :: ["bird's own song", 'BOS']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior forebrain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Food protein-induced @entity1964 (FPIES) occurs in @entity1 . Typical symptoms include profuse @entity391 and/or @entity294 several hours after ingestion of a given food. The disorder is a non-IgE mediated @entity56 . The most frequently involved foods are milk and soy, but some cases of FPIES induced by solid foods have been described. We report 14 @entity1 with FPIES due to fish protein. MATERIAL AND METHODS: History and physical examination, skin prick test (SPT) with fish allergens and @entity1542 , prick-by-prick test with implicated fish and determination of specific IgE antibodies against fish were performed. In eight @entity1 atopy patch test (APT) were also performed. In nine @entity1 an open oral food challenge with the implicated fish was carried out. RESULTS: There were six @entity1 and eight @entity1 , aged from 9 to 12 months at diagnosis, with between two and six reactions to the offending fish proteins before the diagnosis was established. Four @entity1 had a previous history of atopy. Presenting symptoms included @entity294 in two @entity1 , profuse @entity391 in six @entity1 , and recurrent @entity391 and subsequent @entity294 in three @entity1 . In addition to these symptoms, associated septic appearance, apathy and lethargy were present in the remaining three @entity1 . Onset of symptoms occurred a few minutes after fish ingestion in two @entity1 and from 60 minutes to 6 hours in the 12 remaining @entity1 . SPT to fish were negative in all patients. Serum food-specific IgE antibodies were negative in all @entity1 except one. APT was positive in three @entity1 . Open oral challenge (OC) was performed in nine @entity1 and was positive in all. The @entity1 were followed-up for between 1 and 7 years after diagnosis, and follow-up OC tests were performed after fish had been eliminated from the @entity1 ' diet for 3-4 years. Four @entity1 became clinically tolerant to the causal food. Three @entity1 currently tolerate only one type of fish ( @entity50411 ). CONCLUSIONS: We report 14 @entity1 with FPIES caused by fish protein. The symptoms suggest a form of cell-mediated, non-IgE mediated @entity56 . The gold standard for diagnosis is OC, although caution should be exercised in @entity1 with several reactions or a recent diagnosis. After a period of elimination of the causal food from the diet, tolerance can develop.

title: Food-protein-induced XXXX caused by fish.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['food hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis syndrome']

answer: @entity1964 :: (MESH:D004760,Disease) :: ['enterocolitis syndrome']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to compare outcomes for emergency management of @entity4436 before and after the creation of a regional subspecialist colorectal unit. METHOD: We retrieved data on all emergency admissions for @entity4436 from the regional surgical audit database and compared results before (January 1998 to August 2002) and after (August 2002 to December 2008) establishment of the subspecialist colorectal surgery unit in August 2002. Additional data were retrieved from electronic @entity1 records. The primary outcome measures were mortality and rate of primary @entity254 following resection. RESULTS: There were 879 @entity1 before and 1280 @entity1 after subspecialization. Nonoperative management was undertaken in approximately 80% of cases. Total mortality fell from 3.3 to 1.5% (P = 0.008), attributable to reduced operative mortality (9.6 to 4.2%; P = 0.019). The primary @entity254 rate for all left colon resections increased from 50.3 to 77.9%; P < 0.0001. Stoma formation of any type fell from 46.6 to 27.7%; P < 0001). CONCLUSION: Emergency management of @entity4436 by subspecialist colorectal surgeons is associated with low overall and operative mortality whilst safely achieving high rates of primary @entity254 .

title: Subspecialist emergency management of XXXX is associated with reduced mortality and fewer stomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: We investigated a case in our experience presenting false-positive for DUPAN-2 by @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). A female aged 40s has been treated in our hospital from 2003. Her serum level of DUPAN-2 in 2005 and 2006 were 110 U/mL and 140 U/mL respectively. While this level was increased to 770 U/ml in 2007, and kept in the higher level so far. Around years of 2007, no meaning changes was detected by radiological and laboratory tests, and there was no significant change in her clinical signs and symptoms and medications. The elevation of DUPAN-2 was thought as a false-positive phenomenon and the mechanism was investigated. As results, no dilution lineality was found, and absorption test showed a 95% reduction of DUPAN-2 levels not by IgG and IgA, but IgM-specific antiserum. Dithiothreitoldeacylation test with @entity689 , and absorption test with HBR-1, IIR, and mouse IgM serum, it was suggested that the IgM with @entity1701 activity of the @entity1 reacted with mouse monoclonal antibodies in reagents. Moreover, the HPLC-eluted fraction of DUPAN-2 of this @entity1 was detected in the fraction of IgM, which as different from that of a control @entity788 @entity1 . Above these data, elevation of DUPAN-2 in this @entity1 was a false positive phenomenon by IgM- @entity1701 reacting with mouse monoclonal antibodies in reagents. Although there are few reported cases of false positive phenomenon in DUPAN-2 measurement, we have to pay attention to such phenomenon when detecting an unlikely higher levels that could not be explained by clinical information.

title: [False positive of DUPAN-2 caused by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['IgM-human anti mouse antibody', 'HAMA']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['IgM-human anti mouse antibody']


abstract: The aim of the current study was to evaluate bilaterally warm/cold detection and heat/ @entity158 thresholds over the hand/wrist in @entity1 with @entity923 ( @entity923 ). A total of 25 @entity1 with strictly unilateral @entity923 (mean 42 +/- 10 years), and 20 healthy matched @entity1 (mean 41 +/- 8 years) were recruited. Warm/cold detection and heat/ @entity158 thresholds were assessed bilaterally over the @entity923 in a blinded design. Self-reported measures included both clinical @entity158 history (intensity, location and area) and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. No significant differences between groups for both warm and cold detection thresholds in either @entity923 (P > 0.5) were found. Further, significant differences between groups, but not between sides, for both heat and @entity158 thresholds in both the @entity923 were found (all P < 0.001). @entity158 thresholds (P < 0.01) were negatively correlated, whereas @entity158 thresholds (P < 0.001) were positively correlated with hand @entity158 intensity and duration of symptoms. Our findings revealed bilateral thermal @entity1931 (lower @entity158 and reduced @entity158 thresholds) but not @entity1183 (normal warm/cold detection thresholds) in @entity1 with strictly unilateral @entity923 when compared to controls. We suggest that bilateral heat and @entity1931 may reflect impairments in central nociceptive processing in @entity1 with unilateral @entity923 . The bilateral thermal @entity1931 associated with @entity158 intensity and duration of @entity158 history supports a role of generalized sensitization mechanisms in the initiation, maintenance and spread of @entity158 in @entity923 .

title: Bilateral hand/wrist heat and @entity1931 , but not @entity1183 , in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'cold hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Heat pain', 'pain', 'heat pain', 'cold pain']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel and thenar eminence', 'CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome', 'carpal tunnel and the thenar eminence', 'carpal tunnel or thenar eminence']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: Indwelling urinary catheters can cause severe @entity158 and discomfort and can impair a @entity1 's quality of life. Constipation can cause bladder emptying problems and @entity158 if a catheter is present. If the @entity1 is constipated this should be treated. If there are no clinical indications for urinary catheterization the catheter should be removed. If the catheter is clinically necessary it may be possible for the @entity1 to use intermittent self-catheterization. If this is not possible the nurse should adopt a problem-solving approach to determine the reasons why @entity158 is occurring. Ensuring that the catheter is the correct size, length and using an appropriate material reduces the risk of tissue damage and associated @entity158 . Catheter drainage bags should be supported if used; this prevents traction and trauma that can lead to @entity158 . A catheter is a foreign body and its presence may trigger bladder @entity2473 and @entity158 . This can be treated effectively with antimuscarinic drugs, but these should be used with caution and in small doses in older @entity1 . Treating @entity2336 can make a huge difference to a @entity1 's quality of life; however, it is important to discuss treatment with the @entity1 and obtain consent and respect the @entity1 's choices in relation to treatment.

title: XXXX from indwelling urinary catheterization: case study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['bladder pain']

answer: @entity2336 :: (MESH:D018856,Disease) :: ['Bladder pain']


abstract: The @entity9886 Intervention for Endpoint reduction in @entity101 (LIFE) study demonstrated the clinical benefit of @entity9886 -based therapy in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ), mainly due to a highly significant 25% reduction in the relative risk of @entity64 compared with an @entity2165 -based regimen, for a similar reduction in blood pressure. The aim of this economic evaluation was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of @entity9886 compared with @entity2165 from a UK national health system perspective. Quality-adjusted survival and direct medical costs were modelled beyond the trial using the within-trial incidence of @entity64 . Survival with @entity64 , study medication use and quality of life by @entity64 status were taken directly from the LIFE trial. The LIFE data were supplemented with UK data on lifetime direct medical costs of @entity64 and life expectancy in individuals without @entity64 . No additional @entity64 events or use of study treatment were assumed beyond the trial. Costs and benefits were discounted using current UK Treasury rates. In the base-case analysis, the reduction in @entity64 -related costs (by 968 sterling pound) offset 86% of the increase in study medication costs (1128 sterling pound) among @entity9886 -treated @entity1 . The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for @entity9886 versus @entity2165 in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity4346 was 2130 sterling pound per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained (3195 @entity7634 /QALY), and this increased to 11,352 sterling pound per QALY gained (16,450 @entity7634 /QALY) when the costs of @entity64 beyond the first 5 years were excluded. Thus, the clinical benefit of @entity9886 was achieved at a cost well within reported thresholds for cost-effectiveness.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity9886 -based therapy in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity4346 : a UK-based economic evaluation of the @entity9886 Intervention for Endpoint reduction in @entity101 (LIFE) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: 1 Thermoregulatory responses have been recorded from Welsh Mountain @entity742 exposed to warm, neutral or cold environments while injections of cholinomimetic drugs and/or their antagonists have been given into a lateral cerebral ventricle. 2. @entity5402 and @entity2607 inhibited panting of animals at high ambient temperature (ta), caused vasoconstriction and initiated shivering at neutral ta, and accentuated shivering at low ta. Rectal temperature (tre) invariably increased. @entity5592 had apparently identical effects. 3. @entity1239 and another ganglionic stimulant, the quaternary @entity5498 derivative of @entity935 , had no effects on thermoregulation. 4. @entity3897 given 10 min before injections of @entity5402 , @entity2607 or @entity5592 completely inhibited their hyperthermic effects, but pretreatment with the ganglion-blocking drug, @entity30751 , caused no inhibition. The cholinergic synapses that respond to cholinomimetic drugs injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles of @entity742 are therefore muscarinic and not nicotinic. 5. When @entity3897 was given to @entity742 exposed to cold, no detectable reduction of shivering occurred and tre decreased only slightly, even with doses of @entity3897 far greater than needed to inhibit shivering induced by @entity2607 . This may be because shivering is controlled by neural pathways unaffected by drugs administered intracerebroventricularly or because the cholinergic synapses activated by @entity2607 do not carry the input from cold sensors.

title: Thermoregulatory changes induced by cholinomimetic substances introduced into the cerebral ventricles of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine', 'Oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity30751 :: ('MESH:D010393', 'Chemical') :: ['pempidine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Anti-dsDNA Ab is reported to be the central pathogenic autoantibody involved in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms involved in anti-dsDNA Ab production remain unclear. Recent evidence indicated that DNA-containing immune complexes (ICs) in circulation (termed "circulating DNA-containing ICs"), which are one of the hallmarks of @entity1252 , might be involved in autoantibody production. In this study, we explored their potential role in anti-dsDNA Ab production and the underlying mechanisms in @entity1 with @entity1252 . We demonstrated that circulating DNA-containing ICs were able to induce anti-dsDNA Ab. Of note, @entity518 in circulating DNA-containing ICs was crucial for anti-dsDNA Ab induction. The @entity518 content of circulating DNA-containing ICs also correlated positively with anti-dsDNA Ab production in @entity1 with @entity1252 . Further, we revealed that the @entity2938 / @entity4100 / @entity10015 ( @entity10015 ) pathway was pivotal for @entity518 to confer anti-dsDNA Ab induction, and @entity12136 was a functional target of @entity10015 in the induction of anti-dsDNA Ab by circulating DNA-containing ICs. Finally, we validated the expression of @entity10015 and @entity12136 and their correlation with anti-dsDNA Ab production in @entity1 with @entity1252 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of the crucial role of @entity518 in autoantibody production mediated by the @entity2938 / @entity4100 / @entity10015 / @entity12136 pathway. These findings identify a novel mechanism to account for the persistent production of anti-dsDNA Ab in @entity1252 and a clue for developing a novel therapeutic strategy against @entity1252 .

title: Autoantibody induction by DNA-containing immune complexes requires @entity518 with the @entity2938 / XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity10015 :: (406947,Gene) :: ['microRNA-155']


abstract: AIM: To determine the prevalence of @entity75 , according to age and location, in @entity1 with @entity548 who underwent total colonoscopy. METHODS: Retrospective observational study examining records from the hepatogastroenterology department at the Cocody University Hospital (Abidjan) of colonoscopies for rectal examination from September 1, 1991, through August 15, 2007. The data collected and analyzed from the records included age, sex and colonoscopy results. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of 1,158 colonoscopies, 270 (23.3%) were performed for @entity360 : 105 @entity1 (mean age: 48.8 years    19.9 years, range: 10-96 years) and 165 @entity1 (mean age: 46    14.2, range: 21-83 years) with a sex-ratio (M/F) of 1.57. Because @entity14 seems to occur at a younger age in Africa, @entity1 were divided into two groups (aged 45 years: 139 [51.5%] and above 45 years: 131 [48.5%]). The abnormalities found were consistent with anal pathologies (16.3%), @entity1127 (10.4%), @entity66 (11.1%), @entity14 (21.5%) and @entity189 (7%). Diverticula were significantly more common in those older than 45 years and inflammatory lesions in the younger group (p < 10(-3)). More than two thirds of the significant lesions were found in the distal colon (p < 10(-3)). CONCLUSION: The predominance of distal @entity1049 suggests that exploration by flexible sigmoidoscopy can be performed in @entity1 with low to moderate risk of @entity14 , with total colonoscopy reserved for the population at high risk.

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX in Abidjan Cocody University Hospital (Ivory Coast)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal inflammatory lesions', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon lesions']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['hematochezia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous revascularization has led to an important change in the treatment of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity741 in recent years. There is controversy concerning the incidence and prognostic significance of postprocedural increases in @entity908 kinase. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of these elevations and the related factors and to observe the prognosis of @entity1 with and without creatin kinase elevations. METHODS: We reviewed 447 @entity1 in whom an angioplasty was done in our department from January 1997 to June 1998, excluding 138 @entity1 with @entity583 in the previous four days or unsuccessful angioplasty. @entity908 kinase was measured in all @entity1 at 0, 4, 8 and 24 hours after angioplasty. We analyzed the incidence of elevated levels of @entity908 kinase following coronary surgery and the characteristics of the @entity1 in comparison with a control group made up of @entity1 who, at a similar time had undergone a similar angioplasty procedure including, a similar vessel and type of lesion, and equivalent left ventricular function but without elevated serum levels of @entity908 kinase. Major adverse coronary events were defined as: @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 , new revascularization and @entity1459 in which hospitalization was required. RESULTS: Out of 309 @entity1 studied, an elevation in @entity908 kinase was observed in 24 @entity1 (7.7%). Complications related to the procedure were found in 50% of these elevations, most of which involved side branch occlusion. There were no differences with respect to the demographical or anatomical characteristics of the lesions in the groups studied. During the follow-up of 9.5 months, complications were observed in 37.5% of the group of @entity1 with elevated @entity908 kinase levels and in 20% of the control group, but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity908 kinase elevations are produced in 7.7% of the @entity1 after coronary angioplasty. Complications related to the procedure were observed in 50% of the cases, most being side branch occlusion and no complications were seen in the remaining @entity1 . Continuous measurement of @entity908 kinase after angioplasty shows a low sensitivity for detecting complications during follow-up. New, more sensitive and specific cardiac markers, such as troponin, could define this group of @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX kinase increases after coronary interventions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine', 'Creatine']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['Creatine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity15833 ( @entity12046 ) is increasingly used in second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared outcomes of second-line ART containing and not containing @entity12046 in cohort studies from Zambia and the Republic of South Africa (RSA). METHODS: @entity1 aged 16 years and older starting protease-inhibitor-based second-line ART in Zambia (1 cohort) and RSA (5 cohorts) were included. We compared mortality, @entity1200 (all cohorts), and virological failure (RSA only) between @entity1 receiving and not receiving @entity12046 . Competing risk models and Cox models adjusted for age, sex, @entity404 count, time on first-line ART, and calendar year were used to analyze mortality and treatment failure, respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) were combined in fixed-effects meta-analysis. FINDINGS: 1687 @entity1 from Zambia and 1556 @entity1 from RSA, including 1350 (80.0%) and 206 (13.2%) @entity1 starting @entity12046 , were followed over 4471 @entity1 -years. @entity1 on @entity12046 were more likely to have started second-line ART in recent years and had slightly higher baseline @entity404 counts than @entity1 not on @entity12046 . Overall, 127 @entity1 died, 532 were lost to follow-up, and 240 @entity1 developed @entity1200 . In RSA, 94 @entity1 had virologic failure. Combined HRs comparing @entity12046 with other regimens were 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41 to 0.87) for immunologic failure and 0.63 (0.38-1.05) for mortality. The HR for virologic failure in RSA was 0.28 (0.09-0.90). CONCLUSIONS: In this observational study, @entity1 on @entity12046 -containing second-line ART were less likely to develop treatment failure than @entity1 on other regimens. @entity12046 seems to be an effective component of second-line ART in southern Africa.

title: XXXX in second-line ART in Zambia and South Africa: collaborative analysis of cohort studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological failure']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['Tenofovir']

answer: @entity15833 :: (MESH:C096918,Chemical) :: ['Tenofovir']


abstract: Biochemical properties of neuronal protein phosphatases from @entity11066 were characterized. Dephosphorylation of phosphorylase alpha by extracts of abdominal ganglia and clusters of sensory neurons from pleural ganglia was demonstrated. Type-1 protein phosphatase (PrP-1) was identified in these extracts by the dephosphorylation of the beta-subunit of phosphorylase kinase and its inhibition by the protein, inhibitor-2. Type-2A protein phosphatase (PrP-2A) was demonstrated by the dephosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of phosphorylase kinase, which was insensitive to inhibitor-2. As in vertebrate tissues, only four enzymes, PrP-1 (47%), PrP-2A (42%), PrP-2B (11%), and PrP-2C (less than 1%), accounted for all the cellular protein phosphatase activity dephosphorylating phosphorylase kinase. Aplysia PrP-1 and PrP-2A were potently inhibited by @entity18398 , with PrP-1 being approximately 20-fold more sensitive than PrP-2A. By comparison, purified PrP-2A from @entity95 skeletal muscle was 15- to 20-fold more sensitive to @entity18398 than PrP-1 from the same source. Only PrP-1 was associated with the particulate fractions from Aplysia neurons, whereas PrP-1 and PrP-2A, -2B, and -2C were all present in the cytosol. Extraction of the particulate PrP-1 decreased its sensitivity to @entity18398 by sixfold, suggesting that cellular factor(s) affect its sensitivity to this inhibitor. In most respects, protein phosphatases from Aplysia neurons resemble their @entity1 counterparts, and their biochemical characterization sets the stage for examining the role of these enzymes in neuronal plasticity, and in learning and memory.

title: Characterization of neuronal protein phosphatases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid']

entities_list: @entity11066 :: ('6500', 'Species') :: ['Aplysia californica']

answer: @entity11066 :: (6500,Species) :: ['Aplysia californica']


abstract: The prevalence of microvascular and acute @entity6 complications, and their relation to duration of @entity6 and glycaemic control were examined in a cross-sectional study of 3250 @entity1723 @entity1 in Europe ( @entity1723 Complications Study). Mean (SD) duration of @entity6 was 14.7 (9.3) years. HbA1c and AER were measured centrally. @entity989 was assessed by centrally graded retinal photography. @entity4148 was measured by heart rate and blood pressure responses to standing up. @entity16 was measured by biothesiometry. Normal HbA1c was found in 16% of @entity1 . An AER of 20 micrograms/min or higher was found in 30.6% (95% CI 29.0%, 32.2%) of all @entity1 , and 19.3% (15.6%, 23.0%) of those with @entity6 for 1 to 5 years. The prevalence of @entity989 (46% in all @entity1 ; 82% after 20 or more years) was substantially lower than in comparable studies. Of all @entity1 5.9% (5.1%, 6.7%) had @entity551 , 19.3% (17.9%, 20.7%) had abnormal heart rate variability, 32.2% (30.6%, 33.8%) reported one or more severe hypoglycaemic attacks during the last 12 months and 8.6% (7.6%, 9.6%) reported hospital admission for @entity1270 over the same period. Microvascular and acute complications were clearly related to duration of @entity6 and to glycaemic control. However, the relation of glycaemic control to raised @entity633 differed qualitatively from its relation to @entity989 .

title: Microvascular and acute complications in XXXX @entity1 : the @entity1723 Complications Study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'EURODIAB IDDM']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['postural hypotension']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Exclusion of bile-pancreatic juice from the intestine increases pancreatic secretion via @entity8586 ( @entity6140 ) release in conscious @entity35 . Luminal @entity6140 -releasing factor (LCRF), purified from @entity35 intestinal secretions, is an intraluminal regulator of @entity6140 secretion during bile-pancreatic juice diversion. AIMS: Because @entity1943 is a potent inhibitor of @entity6140 release and pancreatic secretion, the inhibitory effect of @entity1943 on LCRF was examined. METHODOLOGY: @entity35 were prepared with bile and pancreatic cannulae and two duodenal cannulae and with an external jugular vein cannula. The experiments were conducted without anesthesia. After 1.5-hour basal collection of pancreatic juice with bile-pancreatic juice return, bile-pancreatic juice was diverted for 2 hours, during which time @entity1943 (2, 10 nmol/kg/h) was infused intravenously. The @entity35 were killed before and 1 and 2 hours after bile-pancreatic juice diversion. To examine the effect of luminal @entity1943 , 50 or 200 nmol/kg/h of @entity1943 was infused into the duodenum. The plasma @entity6140 and luminal content of LCRF were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. RESULTS: Bile-pancreatic juice diversion significantly increased pancreatic secretion, plasma @entity6140 , and LCRF levels. Intravenous infusion of @entity1943 inhibited @entity6140 release and pancreatic secretion, but not LCRF content. Luminal administration of @entity1943 did not show any effect. CONCLUSION: Inhibitory effect of circulating @entity1943 on @entity6140 release and pancreatic secretion is independent of LCRF content.

title: Inhibitory effect of @entity1943 on @entity8586 release is independent of luminal XXXX -releasing factor content in conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

answer: @entity8586 :: (MESH:D002766,Chemical) :: ['cholecystokinin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology underlying chronic @entity1142 in older @entity1 is poorly understood. Our objective was to @entity29 (particularly @entity1142 ) in this population is associated with risk factors (age, immobility, low dietary fiber intake, and medication use) or directly with slow colonic transit. METHODS: A previously validated questionnaire was administered to a random sample of older residents (age range 65-104 years, n = 1609) of Olmsted County, MN. A random subset who met standard diagnostic criteria for functional @entity1142 (n = 52) or @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) (n = 55) and a group without @entity344 (n = 93) were selected for further study. Each subject underwent structured interview and physical examination. Total caloric and fiber intake were assessed by dietitian interview, a food frequency questionnaire, and a food diary. Physical activity was assessed using a previously validated instrument. Medication use was determined by self-report, physician interview, and review of medical records. Total and segmental colonic transit was assessed radiographically using radioopaque markers. RESULTS: Total colonic transit times were prolonged in subjects with functional @entity1142 (median 50.4 hours) but not in subjects with @entity1744 (median 34.2 hours) or in healthy controls (median 28.8 hours); however, only rectosigmoid transit was delayed significantly. Age, gender, physical activity, and dietary fiber intake were not associated with total transit times, nor could they discriminate among the three @entity1 groups. Laxative use was associated with prolonged total transit times independent of @entity1 group. CONCLUSIONS: Older subjects can be classified by @entity490 and bowel symptoms, which reflect colonic transit times. Older subjects with @entity1142 symptoms generally have prolonged rectosigmoid transit. Other potential risk factors do not distinguish symptom subgroups, nor are they associated with altered colonic transit although older @entity1 who use laxatives regularly have prolonged colonic transit.

title: Relation of colonic transit to functional bowel disease in older XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['determine if functional bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity56 in adults has not been definitively established. On the other hand, @entity1244 is more common in allergic individuals than control subjects. Nasal provocation studies with allergens produce clinical findings and radiographic evidence suggestive of @entity56 . Studies that use single-photon emission computerized tomography do not confirm direct entry of pollens into the sinuses. @entity364 typically occurs in @entity1 with @entity2023 and nasal obstruction for many years. @entity1 often have an elevated specific IgE and total IgE with positive skin tests to the fungus involved. The diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomographic scan or magnetic resonance imaging of the sinuses. There is no direct fungal invasion. Many @entity1 who have chronic severe @entity1244 , @entity565 , and frequently @entity117 idiosyncrasy appear to have immunologic reactions in the sinuses (and bronchial tissue). Histologic findings of the sinus mucosa show infiltration with plasma cells and eosinophils. Immunofluorescent stains show IgE dispersed throughout the tissue possibly in plasma cells. An intense linear stain for IgD is found along the epithelial side of the basement membrane.

title: The role of allergy in XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic sinus disease', 'allergic sinusitis']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: The 52-kDa phosphoprotein, also reported as lymphocyte-specific gene 1 and @entity34269 , is transcribed as a 1.6-kb mRNA in B lymphocytes, B cell lines, and untransformed T cells. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic and plasma membrane-associated protein that is phosphorylated at a casein kinase II site and reportedly binds @entity460 . Based on these properties, it has been hypothesized that lymphoid form of the 52-kDa phosphoprotein protein may play a role in lymphocyte signal transduction. We show that alternatively spliced mRNA are expressed from this gene in nonlymphoid cell lines (myocytes, stromal cells, fibroblasts). These cell lines do not express the 1.6-kb lymphoid cell-specific transcript. Instead, mRNA of 2.0 and 2.8 kb are detected in varying abundance. A full-length 2.0-kb cDNA has been cloned and sequenced from the BMS2 stromal cell line by conventional screening and polymerase chain reaction-based methods. This cDNA clone, designated S37, has a single open reading frame encoding a 328 @entity535 peptide. The @entity377 sequence of the S37 stromal cell cDNA is identical to that of the lymphocyte derived @entity34269 cDNA from the 3' poly(A) tail to the codon encoding the @entity535 at residue 24. This region of the S37 cDNA clone encodes a protein that is identical to that encoded by the lymphoid @entity34269 cDNA and includes a casein kinase II phosphorylation site. However, the two clones differ in their 5' @entity377 sequence and their @entity3655 terminal @entity535 sequence. This organization is consistent with alternative exon utilization. These results suggest that tissue-specific control mechanisms are used to generate different forms of lymphoid form of the 52-kDa phosphoprotein mRNA in lymphoid cells versus mesoderm-derived, nonlymphoid cell lineages.

title: Alternatively spliced XXXX mRNA in nonlymphoid stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity34269 :: (4046,Gene) :: ['pp52']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Extreme drug-resistant @entity796 (XDR-PA) with decreased susceptibility to @entity6414 (PB) has emerged in Singapore, causing @entity281 in immunocompromised hosts. Combination therapy may be the only viable therapeutic option until new antibiotics become available. The objective of this study is to assess the in vitro activity of various antibiotics against local XDR-PA isolates. METHODS: PA isolates from all public hospitals in Singapore were systematically collected between 2006 and 2007. MICs were determined according to CLSI guidelines. All XDR-PA isolates identified were genotyped using a PCR-based method. Time-kill studies (TKS) were performed with approximately 10(5) CFU/ml at baseline using clinically achievable unbound concentrations of @entity4509 (A), @entity800 (L), @entity2889 (M), @entity1215 (R) and PB alone and in combination. Bactericidal activity (primary endpoint) was defined as a >= 3 log(10) CFU/ml decrease in the colony count from the initial inoculum at 24 hours. RESULTS: 22 clinical XDR-PA isolates with PB MIC 2-16   g/ml were collected. From clonal typing, 5 clonal groups were identified and nine isolates exhibited clonal diversity. In TKS, @entity2889 plus PB, @entity4509 plus @entity2889 , @entity4509 plus @entity1215 , @entity4509 plus PB exhibited bactericidal activity in 8/22, 3/22, 1/22 and 6/22 isolates at 24 hours respectively. Against the remaining ten isolates where none of the dual-drug combination achieved bactericidal activity against, only the triple-antibiotic combinations of ARP and @entity860 achieved bactericidal activity against 7/10 and 6/10 isolates respectively. CONCLUSION: Bactericidal activity with sustained killing effect of >= 99.9% is critical for eradicating @entity263 , especially in immunocompromised hosts. These findings underscore the difficulty of developing combination therapeutic options against XDR-PA, demonstrating that at least 3 antibiotics are required in combination and that efficacy is strain dependant.

title: Effective antibiotics in combination against extreme drug-resistant @entity796 with decreased susceptibility to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['XDR-PA infections']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity6414 :: (MESH:D011112,Chemical) :: ['polymyxin B']


abstract: @entity463 multiforme (GBM) @entity5 , which have been established as 'de novo' @entity5 , are known to differ from their adult counterparts in terms of biology, genetics and ultimately survival of @entity1 . In order to evaluate the utility of markers of @entity5 biology for refining prognostic assessment, we retrospectively analyzed 54 pediatric GBMs (age range 9 months to 15 years) occurring at different anatomical sites in the brain, operated at our institute between 1995 and 2001. The expression of @entity876 , @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity588 and @entity995 proteins ( @entity996 ) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the results were compared with the clinical profile, @entity1758 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and @entity1 survival. @entity876 immunoreactivity was noted in 53.7% of cases, predominantly in thalamic (75%) and cerebral lobar (62.2%), followed by @entity5 (30%). It was absent in @entity17692 . @entity876 -positive @entity5 had a higher @entity1758 @entity894 , compared to @entity876 -negative @entity5 (p=0.003). @entity470 and @entity588 overexpression was observed in 25.9% and 33.3% of cases, respectively, and loss of @entity996 expression was evident in only 7.4% of cases, indicating that loss of this gene function is not significantly involved in pediatric GBMs. @entity876 and @entity588 expression were maximally noted in @entity1 with poorer outcome. Our results indicate that @entity876 expression status is noted in a significant number of pediatric supratentorial @entity5 . @entity876 with @entity588 overexpression is more often associated with ominous prognosis. Further molecular characterization would provide newer insights into the biology of these @entity5 and form a basis for future therapeutic decision making.

title: Expression of XXXX , @entity470 , @entity996 and @entity588 proteins in @entity463 multiforme: a study of 54 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tumors']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'brainstem tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown to be effective in the treatment of @entity148 ( @entity148 ). However, fear of social blushing is almost never measured as a therapeutic outcome variable, even though some data suggest that this dimension constitutes a specific syndrome in @entity148 , justifying specific therapeutic strategies. For these reasons, we developed a group therapy program including a combination of task concentration training (TCT) and other CBT strategies targeting fear of blushing. AIM: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of this program in an open trial conducted in 55 @entity1 suffering from @entity148 (Diagnostic and statistical manual of @entity146 ) with fear of blushing. METHOD: Throughout a program including eleven weekly sessions, systematic measurements of fear of blushing and other @entity148 and @entity1314 dimensions were performed at inclusion, at the end of the therapy and 3 months later, in order to explore the therapeutic effects of the program on fear of blushing, @entity148 , and other dimensions ( @entity148 , blushing propensity questionnaire, Rathus assertiveness scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale, Sheehan disability scale). The statistical analyses compared the scores of all measurements at inclusion, at the end of the therapy, and 6 months later. We also calculated the effect size obtained after treatment, and performed a logistic regression to determine the factors associated with a remission of fear of blushing after therapy. RESULTS: The main outcome criterion -  the @entity9574  tri  re fear of blushing questionnaire (SFBQ) score  - was significantly reduced after treatment (P<0.001) and remained stable at follow up. A satisfying effect size was obtained on this score after treatment (1.7), and 57.6% of subjects were considered in remission on the basis of a SFBQ score of 6 or less. Other measurements of blushing propensity, @entity148 , assertiveness, self-esteem, @entity148 , @entity308 and disability showed significant improvement after treatment and reductions remained stable at 3-month follow-up. To be a female and to have a low SFBQ score at inclusion appeared as two independent predictors of good improvement. DISCUSSION: Despite the preliminary nature of this study, our results suggest the efficacy of this specific group therapy program for erythrophobia. Further controlled and comparative trials are now required to confirm the program efficacy including a comparison between group and individual therapies.

title: [Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral group therapy in XXXX with fear of blushing].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders IV criteria']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['SAD', 'Liebowitz social anxiety scale', 'social anxiety disorders', 'social anxiety spectrum', 'anxiety', 'social anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiate into cells having the biochemical properties of adipocytes; @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity637 ) attenuates this process. Inhibition of differentiation by this cytokine, thought to be mediated at the level of transcription, has been investigated by examining the accumulation of mRNA for six transcription factors and three diversely regulated genes during the first 24 h of the differentiation process. Upon induction of differentiation, a rapid and major accumulation of @entity9830 and @entity27619 mRNA, which returned to near basal levels within 4-6 h, was observed. In contrast, @entity9829 mRNA, although rapidly expressed at the induction of differentiation, remained at relatively constant levels throughout the time-course. Exposure of the cells to 5 nM @entity637 potentiated the accumulation of all three mRNAs but most significantly that of @entity9829 (12-fold), which remained elevated for at least 24 h after treatment. In control differentiating cells, @entity30264 and @entity27618 were expressed transiently from 30 min to 2 h, while @entity47461 mRNA accumulated over an extended period of 1 to 8 h. Again, @entity637 enhanced the accumulation of these mRNAs. Accumulation of mRNA for @entity16509 , a transcription factor proposed to control the expression of genes involved in the terminally differentiated state, was attenuated after exposure of the cells to @entity637 . @entity777 ( @entity777 ) mRNA was expressed briefly (30 min to 2 h) and again transiently (at 8 h after induction of differentiation). @entity637 treatment markedly enhanced accumulation of @entity777 message. We propose that an increased cellular content of one or more transcription factors or the suppression of @entity16509 may be responsible for the attenuation of differentiation induced by exposure of the cells to @entity637 .

title: Regulation of transcription factor mRNA accumulation during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation by XXXX @entity39 factor-alpha.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: In the absence of salt the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor of fetal @entity95 lung sediments at 7 S while the nuclear receptor sediments at 4 S. However, if nuclear extracts are mixed with receptor-depleted cytosol preparations in dilute buffer solutions without added salt, the nuclear 4 S receptor sediments as a 7 S species similar to that observed for the cytoplasmic form under the same conditions suggesting an interaction of the nuclear receptor with other cytosol proteins rather than with itself. In addition, both cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors sediment at 4 S in 0.4 M @entity4338 and a major fraction of the nuclear receptor has an agarose elution profile identical to that of the cytoplasmic receptor. Thus a major fraction of the nuclear receptors is indistinguishable from the cytoplasmic receptors by the methods used. Since the cytoplasmic receptor sediments at 4 S in 0.15 M @entity4338 , it is suggested that in vivo the glucocorticoid receptor may exist as a 4 S species and that the 7 S form described previously may result from an interaction of the 4 S component with other cytosol proteins in @entity2421 media. About 25% of the receptor present in nuclear extracts has an agarose elution profile different from that of the cytoplasmic receptor in 0.4 M @entity4338 . This suggests that either the nuclear receptor associates with itself or other nuclear proteins or that more than one form of nuclear receptor exists. Earlier observations suggested that in the absence of hormone the glucocorticoid receptor is localized exclusively in the cytoplasm of lung cells and that the nuclear receptor is formed by a transfer of the cytoplasmic steroid-receptor complex into the nucleus. A prerequisite for this transfer seems to be a modification of the receptor to an active form which can bind to nuclei. This receptor transfomration, referred to in this paper as activation of the receptor, can occur in the absence of nuclei and is highly dependent on temperature and ionic strength. Cytoplasmic receptors activated either by heating or by exposure to high ionic strength are indistinguishable from nonactivated receptors by @entity969 density gradient analysis or by agarose gel filtration in solutions containing 0.4 M @entity4338 . Simiarly, no significant difference in the absence of salt is observed after activation by heating. These results suggest that activation of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor involves conformational changes which favor its transfer and/or binding to nuclear sites rather than conversion of a 4 S species to a faster-sedimenting form by dimerization or by addition of another protein unit as has been proposed for the activation of the @entity172 receptor of the @entity35 uterus.

title: Glucocorticoid receptors in lung. Comparison between nonactivated and activated forms of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid binding protein and their relationship to the nuclear binding protein of fetal XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: AIMS: To examine indices of two plausible pathways linking housing conditions in childhood and adult cause-specific mortality: sanitary conditions and economic deprivation. To investigate if the effects of these are explained by education. METHODS: Linked register study (housing information from the 1960 Census, the educational register in 1990 and the @entity204 register 1990-998). A Sanitary Conditions Index (SCI) and an Economic Deprivation Index (EDI) were constructed from the housing conditions variables. @entity1 : All @entity1 aged 30-54 years (n = 55,761) who were residents in Oslo on 1 January 1990 with complete information on housing conditions (80%). RESULTS: Both SCI and EDI were related to all-cause mortality independently of each other. Education explained to a large extent these effects. In a sub-sample, 24% of the effects could be explained by parental education and 31% by own education. The effects found for causes of @entity204 failed to give a heterogeneous pattern between the two indices. In the fully adjusted model @entity146 causes of @entity204 appeared to be more related to EDI than SCI. CONCLUSIONS: The two indices of childhood social circumstances, sanitary conditions and economic deprivation, appeared to be independently associated with all-cause mortality. The effect of both could to a large extent be explained by parental and own education.

title: Housing conditions in childhood and cause-specific adult mortality: the effect of sanitary conditions and economic deprivation on 55,761 XXXX in Oslo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The predictive value of test results in animals when selecting a compound for potential therapeutic @entity1 use depends upon the relevance of the animal model to the @entity1 disease and the comparative pharmacokinetics of the compound in animals and @entity1 . The development of the aromatase inhibitor, @entity13558 ( @entity13558 ), illustrates the importance of these factors. In postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 , aromatase activity in the peripheral tissues is the main source of @entity2931 for @entity5 growth. Only one form of the @entity1 enzyme is known, which is not subject to strong feedback control. Inhibition of aromatase therefore simply reduces @entity2931 production. This situation is mimicked by assays of acute inhibition of ovulation in @entity35 , chronic inhibition of @entity2671 -induced uterine @entity1184 in sexually immature @entity35 , and chronic inhibition of peripheral aromatase in monkeys. In all these assays, maximum @entity13558 activity was consistently achieved at an oral dose of about 0.1 mg/kg, and the clearance half-life of 7-16 h indicated that once-daily dosing would be possible in @entity1 . The clearance half-life in postmenopausal @entity1 is about 50 h, and with once-daily dosing the dose of @entity13558 required for maximal inhibition is 1 mg/day. The @entity35 @entity106 @entity5 model, in contrast, is supported by ovarian @entity2931 and chronic inhibition provokes positive feedback loops that try to restore @entity2931 production, masculinise the animals and decrease the clearance half-life of @entity13558 . Higher doses (10 mg/kg) of @entity13558 are therefore needed. Variations in the dose of aromatase inhibitor required in different models, therefore, can be explained in terms of pharmacokinetics and do not reflect the effectiveness of @entity13558 as an aromatase inhibitor.

title: The relevance of preclinical models to the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity106 :: ('MESH:D015127', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole', 'Arimidex']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and outcome of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) with large regional field and high-dose external beam boost irradiation in @entity418 . METHODS: @entity1 with clinical stage T1 (submucosal)-4N0-1M0 (UICC 1997) @entity957 of the @entity1514 esophagus were eligible. Radiotherapy consisted of regional irradiation (extending from supraclavicular fossa to the paracardial area) with 39.6 Gy followed by high-dose external beam boost up to 66.6 Gy (1.8 Gy/day, five times per week). Two-hour infusion of @entity900 (80 mg/m(2) on day 1) and continuous infusion of @entity1487 (800 mg/m(2)/day on days 2-6) were administered concurrently with radiotherapy, every 3-4 weeks, for two cycles. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 (stage I, 3; stage II, 11; stage III, 16) were entered into the study. Twenty-one @entity1 (70%) completed the planned treatment. In elderly (> or = 70 years) @entity1 , four of six withdrew. Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 (NCI-CTC) were observed in 20 (67%) and three (10%) @entity1 , respectively. Major @entity137 were blood, gastrointestinal (i.e. @entity390 and @entity2910 ) and pulmonary. There was no grade 5 (fatal) @entity137 . The median follow-up period for surviving @entity1 was 27 months (range: 9-49 months). The median survival time was 21 months. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 65 and 49% for all 30 @entity1 . The incidence of esophageal stricture (grade 1-2: RTOG) was 21%. No @entity1 suffered @entity292 formation. CONCLUSIONS: Despite poor compliance for elderly @entity1 and frequent severe @entity137 , our concurrent CT-RT resulted in a favorable outcome in @entity418 .

title: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for @entity957 of XXXX esophagus: feasibility and outcome of large regional field and high-dose external beam boost irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic']


abstract: Occult @entity63 of the mobilized gastric fundus is an important etiologic factor for esophagogastric @entity834 after esophagectomy. @entity86 is another possible predisposing factor for @entity834 . We hypothesized that @entity356 could worsen @entity63 . To test this hypothesis, gastric tissue perfusion was studied in 20 @entity35 . Baseline serosal gastric tissue perfusion was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry at a point 10 mm distal to the gastroesophageal junction. Perfusion was measured after left gastric @entity432 , @entity356 to 20 cm water pressure, and combined left gastric @entity432 and @entity356 . Gastric tissue perfusion (in tissue perfusion units, TPU) was 64.2 +/- 9.1 TPU at baseline measurement, 18.6 +/- 4.3 TPU after left gastric @entity432 , 22.0 +/- 4.1 TPU after @entity356 , and 7.8 +/- 1.8 TPU after combined left gastric @entity432 and @entity356 . Distention (P < 0.0001) and @entity432 (P < 0.0001) both reduced gastric tissue perfusion; of the two, @entity432 produced the greatest reduction in perfusion (P < 0.021). The combination of distention and @entity432 caused greater reduction in gastric perfusion than either factor alone (P < 0.0001). In this model, @entity356 exacerbated the @entity63 produced by partial gastric devascularization. In clinical esophageal surgery, postoperative @entity356 may similarly potentiate the ischemic effects of gastric transposition for esophageal reconstruction.

title: @entity356 exacerbates XXXX in a rodent model of partial gastric devascularization.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative gastric distention']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric distention']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors quantitate the rate of @entity227 in @entity1 with @entity6391 as it relates to different clinical field phenotypes. @entity1 AND METHODS: Goldmann visual fields were obtained with target V4e in 77 @entity1 and with target II4e in 71 @entity1 who had either isolated or various genetic types of @entity6391 and who met certain entrance criteria. The visual fields were categorized into five distinct clinical field phenotypes on the basis of their pattern of field loss. Mixed-model methods for the analysis of longitudinal data were used to model the natural logarithm of the @entity227 as a function of @entity1 age and clinical field phenotype. The average half-life (time over which half of the remaining field area would be lost) of the @entity227 for each phenotype was computed from the results of this analysis. Visual field data were not analyzed for @entity1 with a normal clinical field phenotype (type 1). RESULTS: Independent of the field phenotype, average half-life values were 7.3 years for target V4e and 6.8 years for target II4e, which were not statistically different (P = 0.16). Visual fields with partial or complete midperipheral ring scotomas (type 2) and those with only a residual central field (type 4) had a half-life of 9.5 and 9.4 years, respectively, for target V4e, and 8.9 and 8.0 years, respectively, for target II4e. @entity1 with partial peripheral restriction (type 5) lost visual fields with a half-life of 9.5 years for target V4e and 7.3 years for target II4e. None of these differences in the half-lives between the different phenotypes were statistically significant for either targets V4e or II4e. Fields with a residual central area and remaining temporal and/or nasal islands (type 3) had a half-life of 4.8 years for target V4e and 6.0 years for target II4e. The differences in half-lives between type 3 and each of the other field phenotypes were statistically significant for the V4e target, but not for the II4e target. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study can be useful for counseling @entity1 with @entity6391 and various @entity227 as to their potential rate of @entity227 .

title: Rate of visual field XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field area', 'visual field phenotypes', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['loss in retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: The effect of dietary @entity1718 on the formation and growth of intra-arterial occlusive thrombi in @entity35 was investigated. It appeared that fats containing a large amount of @entity1718 promote arterial @entity715 formation, whereas dietary @entity4722 has a specific anti- @entity715 effect. @entity3952 on its own does not seem to act as an anti- @entity715 substance. However, the replacement of thrombogenic @entity1718 by @entity3952 results in a decrease of the dietary thrombogenic potency. Moreover, the results indicated that the thrombogenicity of the @entity1718 increases with their chain length. As for the anti- @entity715 effect of cis @entity1718 and their trans isomers, no obvious differences have been observed. Almost identical results were obtained when thrombogenicity was related to either absorption or to composition of the dietary @entity1718 . Further research can therefore be restricted to this latter criterion. For the majority of the fats tested, @entity715 tendency and @entity857 -induced @entity1423 were closely associated. It is therefore highly probable that @entity1423 is involved in the mechanism by which dietary fats affect arterial @entity715 formation.

title: Relationship between the type of dietary fatty acid and arterial @entity715 tendency in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid', 'Oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the anti- @entity28 effects of oolong tea on diet-induced overweight or @entity28 . METHODS: A total of 8 g of oolong tea a day for 6 weeks was ingested by 102 diet-induced overweight or @entity28 subjects. The body fat level of the subjects was determined at the same time by taking body weight, height and waist measurements. The thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer was also determined on the abdomen 3 cm to the right of the navel by the ultrasonic echo method. On the other hand, effects of oolong tea ingestion on plasma @entity412 (TG) and total @entity165 (TC) were determined. Inhibitions of pancreatic lipase by oolong tea extract and @entity23382 in vitro were also determined. RESULTS: A total of 70% of the severely @entity28 subjects did show a decrease of more than 1 kg in body weight, including 22% who lost more than 3 kg. Similarly, 64% of the @entity28 subjects and 66% of the overweight subjects lost more than 1 kg during the experiment, and the subcutaneous fat content decreased in 12% of the subjects. The correlation between @entity353 and subcutaneous fat decrease in @entity1 (r=0.055) was obviously lower than that in @entity1 (r=0.440, P<0.01). Body @entity353 was signifificantly related to the decrease of the waist size in @entity1 (r=0.730, P<0.01) and @entity1 (r=0.480, P<0.01). Also, the correlation between subcutaneous fat reduction and decreased waist size was signifificant in @entity1 (r=0.554, P<0.01), but not in @entity1 (r=0.050, P>0.05). Moreover, the plasma levels of TG and TC of the subjects with @entity407 were remarkably decreased after ingesting oolong tea for 6 weeks. In vitro assays for the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by oolong tea extract and @entity23382 suggest that the mechanism for oolong tea to prevent @entity407 may be related to the regulative action of oolong tea @entity23382 in lipoprotein activity. CONCLUSIONS: Oolong tea could decrease body fat content and reduce body weight through improving lipid metabolism. Chronic consumption of oolong tea may prevent against @entity28 .

title: Beneficial effects of oolong tea consumption on diet-induced overweight and XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The effects of media (TCM199 vs. synthetic oviduct fluid, SOF), sera (foetal calf serum, FCS vs. human serum, HS), gas atmosphere (5% @entity515 in air vs. 5% @entity515 , 5% O2 and 90% N2) and coculture with @entity291 oviduct epithelial cells (cells vs. no cells) on the in-vitro development of in-vitro matured and fertilized @entity291 oocytes were examined. Immature oocytes surrounded with compacted cumulus cells were cultured for 24 h in TCM199 supplemented with 10% FCS, 10 micrograms follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/ml and 10 micrograms luteinizing hormone (LH)/ml, 1 microgram @entity53 /ml, and 1 x 10(6) granulosa cells at 39 degrees C under 5% @entity515 in air. In-vitro fertilization was performed with frozen-thawed, heparin-treated (100 micrograms/ml, 15 min) spermatozoa from 2 bulls. Oocytes were incubated with 2.5 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml for 24 h and then cultured in one of 16 treatments for 7 days. Cleavage (2-8-cell) and development to blastocysts were recorded on Days 2 and 7, respectively, after the start of culture. SOF was superior to TCM199 for cleavage (P less than 0.01), development to blastocysts (P less than 0.001) and for proportion of cultured ova resulting in blastocysts with at least 60 or at least 100 nuclei (P less than 0.001). FCS was superior to HS for development to blastocysts (P less than 0.001) and 5% @entity26 was superior to air for the proportion of ova reaching at least 60 cells (P less than 0.01). For cleavage and development to blastocysts, there was an interaction between serum and cells (P less than 0.01). In the presence of cells, ova preferred FCS, in their absence, serum had little effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Factors affecting the in-vitro development to blastocysts of XXXX oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Biomarkers are needed to address overtreatment that occurs for the majority of @entity263 @entity1 that would not die of the disease but receive radical treatment. A possible barrier to biomarker discovery may be the polyclonal/multifocal nature of @entity263 as well as cell-type heterogeneity between @entity1 samples. Tumor-adjacent stroma ( @entity5 microenvironment) is less affected by @entity74 and might therefore yield more consistent biomarkers in response to @entity146 . To this end we compared Affymetrix gene expression profiles in stroma near @entity5 and identified a set of 115 probe sets for which the expression levels were significantly correlated with time-to-relapse. We also compared @entity1 that chemically relapsed shortly after prostatectomy (<1 year), and @entity1 that did not relapse in the first four years after prostatectomy. We identified 131 differentially expressed microarray probe sets between these two categories. 19 probe sets (15 genes overlapped between the two gene lists with p<0.0001). We developed a PAM-based classifier by training on samples containing stroma near @entity5 : 9 rapid relapse @entity1 samples and 9 indolent @entity1 samples. We then tested the classifier on 47 different samples, containing 90% or more stroma. The classifier predicted the risk status of @entity1 with an average accuracy of 87%. This is the first general @entity5 microenvironment-based prognostic classifier. These results indicate that the @entity263 microenvironment exhibits reproducible changes useful for predicting outcomes for @entity1 .

title: Expression changes in the XXXX predict subsequent relapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['stroma of prostate cancer']


abstract: A clearcut definition of the transition from the cervix to the lower uterine segment is lacking. We therefore evaluated the location of the anatomic border between the cervix and the uterine corpus. Using both morphometry and immunohistochemisty, we examined the epithelial and stromal cell types in this transition zone. In 26 @entity1 , longitudinal sections from the cervix uteri up to the fundus uteri were paraffin embedded and immunohistochemically stained for @entity588 , keratin 5, Ki-67, @entity2282 , and @entity2280 . Examination of the slides resulted in the identification of a junctional zone in the cranial portion of the cervix, which is characterized by a usually abrupt morphologic and immunohistochemical transition from an endocervical-type mucinous epithelium to a ciliated tubal-like epithelium and a slow transition in stromal marker expression patterns. This epithelial transition was characterized by its intense keratin 5 and @entity588 staining with accompanying Ki-67 expression in the tubal-like epithelium, whereas the endocervical epithelium was largely negative for these markers. @entity2282 expression was usually quite intense directly around endocervical invaginations, but the remaining stroma was negative. Toward the endometrial cavity, expression increased and endometrial stroma displayed full thickness expression for @entity2282 . @entity2280 showed a reverse pattern to @entity2282 , with moderate expression in the endocervical stroma, which disappeared in the endometrial stoma. The immunohistochemical identification of this transition may allow a more objective determination of the extension of @entity1204 into the cervix in cases that are morphologically problematic. Furthermore, as ciliated tubal-like epithelium is invariably found cranial to the uterine-cervix-isthmus junction, a diagnosis of @entity4648 should not be made in this region and tubal-like epithelium is not indicative of a metaplastic process.

title: XXXX and keratin 5 define the uterine-cervix-isthmus junction, a transition between endocervical and tubal-like epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['tubal metaplasia']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['BCL2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reported strategies for void filling in bone include autograft, allograft, synthetic bone substitutes or various combinations of these materials, but poor response rates and donor morbidity have created a desire to find a better option. @entity77 as a stand-alone graft material reconstruct bone following curettage has not been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and radiological quality of healing, the time to healing, the functional outcomes and the complications following curettage and grafting using an injectable aqueous @entity77 (BonePlast; Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) as the sole grafting strategy. METHODS: The procedure of curettage and grafting with an aqueous solution of @entity77 was undertaken. The @entity1 were regularly reviewed clinically and radiologically for a minimum of 12 months (range: 12-85 months). Forty-six procedures in 46 @entity1 were reviewed. Radiological outcomes of healing were established and functional outcomes were obtained from each @entity1 at annual follow-up review. RESULTS: A complete response was seen in 38 @entity1 (83%) at a median of 6 months following the procedure (range: 1-24 months). Seven @entity1 (15%) displayed only a partial response after a median of 13 months post-surgery (range: 12-53 months). There was one non-response to treatment (2%) after 40 months of follow-up. The mean functional score was 99%. DISCUSSION: Aqueous @entity77 as a sole grafting agent for void management after curettage simplifies current treatment practices and displays good bone reconstruction in a comparatively short time frame, with excellent functional results and acceptable complication rates in the setting of @entity5 surgery.

title: Aqueous XXXX as bone graft for voids following open @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium sulphate', 'calcium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity77 :: (MESH:D002133,Chemical) :: ['calcium sulphate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study reports our experience with microscopic phonosurgery (PS) of benign lesions of the vocal folds. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the five-year period from 2003 to 2007, a total of 97 @entity1 had PS for vocal fold @entity1127 (n = 63), vocal fold cysts (n = 17), vocal fold nodules (n = 12) or vocal fold @entity4 (n = 5). Their average age was 41 years; 62% were @entity1 and 69% were smokers. Post-operative voice therapy was given to 45 @entity1 . Post-operative clinical evaluation was available for data analysis in 89 @entity1 (92%). Voice quality was assessed using the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP), video-stroboscopy and self-reported assessment. The median follow-up time was 3.9 months. RESULTS: Post-operative voice quality was reported as unaffected in 85%, improved but moderately affected in 13%, and severely affected in one @entity1 with a cyst and vocal fold sulcus. Unaffected voice quality was obtained in 91% of @entity1 not receiving voice therapy and in 77% of @entity1 receiving voice therapy. All lesions except one polyp in the anterior commissure were completely removed. MDVP was performed both pre- and post-operatively in 22% of @entity1 . The effect was a significant improvement of jitter (p = 0.013), shimmer (p = 0.001) and Soft Phonation Index (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: PS is a quick and effective treatment with uncommon and transient @entity532 . Objective assessment of the voice pre- and post-operatively should be used consistently and applied in controlled studies evaluating the additional impact of pre- and post-operative voice therapy. FUNDING: not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.

title: Phonosurgery of vocal fold XXXX , cysts and nodules is beneficial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: Transient @entity2749 of @entity63 preconditioning (PC) render myocardium protected against subsequent @entity130 after @entity63 and reperfusion. Recent studies indicate that application of short, repetitive @entity63 only during the onset of reperfusion after the lethal @entity63 event may obtain equivalent protection. We assessed whether such @entity63 postconditioning (Postcon) is cardioprotective in @entity1707 by limiting @entity130 . Pentobarbital @entity1372 -anesthetized, open-chest @entity1707 underwent 30 min of complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 3-h reflow. PC was elicited by two cycles of 5-min occlusion plus 10-min reperfusion before the 30-min occlusion period. Postcon was elicited by three cycles of 30-s reperfusion, followed by 30-s reocclusion, after the 30-min occlusion period and before the 3-h reflow. @entity1188 size (%area-at-risk using @entity5045 macrochemistry; means +/- SE) after 30 min of @entity63 was 26.5 +/- 5.2% (n = 7 hearts/treatment group). PC markedly limited @entity583 size (2.8 +/- 1.2%, n = 7 hearts/treatment group, P < 0.05 vs. controls). However, Postcon had no effect on @entity1188 size (37.8 +/- 5.1%, n = 7 hearts/treatment group). Within the subendocardium, Postcon increased phosphorylation of @entity26439 (74 +/- 12%) and @entity53363 (56 +/- 10%) compared with control hearts subjected only to 30-min occlusion and 15-min reperfusion (P < or = 0.05), and these changes were not different from the response triggered by PC (n = 5 hearts/treatment group). Phosphorylation of downstream @entity53364 was also equivalent in PC and Postcon groups. These data do not support the hypothesis that application of 30-s cycles of repetitive @entity63 during reperfusion exerts a protective effect on @entity1707 hearts subjected to lethal @entity63 , but this is not due to a failure to phosphorylate ERK and @entity26439 during early reperfusion.

title: Ischemic postconditioning during reperfusion activates XXXX and ERK without protecting against lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['lethal injury']

answer: @entity26439 :: (100126861(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: A vast majority of the world buffalo resource is concentrated in tropical and subtropical countries. Apart from heat stress and poor nutritional availability, @entity7288 is one of the most commonly encountered reproductive problems limiting fertility and consequently productive potential of the species. As demonstrated recently, @entity7288 impairs growth and follicular fluid composition of the largest follicle in buffalo. In the present study, the effect of @entity7288 on luteal development, function, @entity842 (NO), and @entity620 was investigated. Reproductive tracts were collected from 90 cyclic buffaloes at an abattoir and grouped into endometritic (n   =   36) or non-endometritic (n   =   54) buffaloes based on physical examination of uterine mucus, white side test, and uterine cytology. Samples with pus-containing mucus, positive reaction on white side test, and/or >5  % neutrophils were considered to be positive for @entity7288 . Corpora lutea were enucleated, weighed, classified into stages I to IV, and assayed for @entity1420 (P(4)), NO, and @entity620 concentrations. Endometritic buffaloes had lesser (P   <   0.0001) luteal weight and P(4), NO, and @entity620 concentrations than non-endometritic buffaloes. The findings indicated that @entity7288 impairs corpus luteum development and function in buffalo. Reduced luteal NO and @entity620 concentrations during @entity7288 are novel findings.

title: Endometritis impairs luteal development, function, and @entity842 and XXXX concentrations in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9429 is an infrequent entity characterized by multiple blood-filled cavities mostly involving the liver. @entity9429 usually appears as a rare autopsy finding in asymptomatic @entity1 or in @entity1 with chronic @entity5653 . However, @entity9429 may present as @entity409 or shock from @entity99 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In our report we present the case of a 33-year-old @entity1 with @entity99 causing a hemoperitoneum resulting from @entity409 , which needed immediate surgical treatment. On the basis of symptoms and the laboratory parameters the acute abdomen was evaluated by abdominal ultrasound and CT scan, both revealing a hemoperitoneum and a lesion in the left liver lobe. RESULTS: Embolization was performed by superselective catheterization of the left hepatic artery to stop the @entity548 . After stabilization of the @entity1 , @entity409 was performed because of the @entity96 . The @entity1 recovered well and was discharged without residual complaints. Histopathologic analysis showed focal parenchymal peliosis. DISCUSSION: The authors evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical strategy in a case of life-threatening focal @entity99 . Besides surgery, the authors emphasize the importance of invasive radiological interventions in these cases.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX in @entity9429 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured 15-cm liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction', 'left lobectomy of the liver', 'liver rupture']

entities_list: @entity9429 :: ('MESH:D010382', 'Disease') :: ['Peliosis hepatis', 'Peliosis', 'peliosis hepatis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disorder', 'hepatic rupture', 'hepatic peliosis']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['wasting diseases']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intraabdominal hemorrhage']


abstract: We have tested the importance of genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIB in @entity12178 ( @entity12178 ) for survival after challenge with a highly virulent bacterial pathogen. Forty juvenile full siblings from each of 120 families were infected with the bacterium @entity6464 , which causes high mortality in salmon due to @entity6690 . Fishes from @entity2101 ( @entity2101 , < 35% mortality) and low-resistance (L,R, > 80% mortality) families were screened for their MHC class IIB genotypes using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. The exon 2 sequences, encoding the major part of the peptide-binding region, were established for each DGGE fragment. One allele, e, containing a missense single base substitution was significantly more prevalent in @entity2101 families than in LR families. An odds-ratio test showed that broods carrying this allele had a 12-fold higher chance of being @entity2101 than broods without the e allele. A second allele, i, showed significantly higher frequencies in uninfected and surviving individuals than in infected dead individuals. A third allele, j, tended to more prevalent both in LR families and in individuals that had died of the @entity281 . There was no correlation between MHC heterozygosity and resistance to A. salmonicida. Our results support the hypothesis that MHC polymorphism is maintained through pathogen-driven selection acting by means of frequency-dependent selection rather than heterozygous advantage.

title: Association between major histocompatibility complex class IIB alleles and resistance to XXXX in @entity12178 .

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon', 'Salmo salar']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6464 :: ('645', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HR', 'high-resistance']

entities_list: @entity6690 :: ('MESH:D005667', 'Disease') :: ['furunculosis']

answer: @entity6464 :: (645,Species) :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity2998 Italian Ultrasound Study (CAIUS) was performed to test the effects of lipid lowering on the progression of carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in 305 asymptomatic @entity1 from a Mediterranean country. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligibility included @entity1007 (baseline means: low-density lipoprotein [LDL] = 4.68 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] = 1.37 mmol/L), and at least one 1.3 < @entity121 < 3.5 mm in the carotid arteries. @entity1 (mean age 55 years, 53% male) were assigned to @entity8673 (40 mg/day, n = 151) or placebo (n not equal to 154). Ultrasound imaging was used to quantify @entity121 at baseline, and semiannually thereafter for up to 3 years. The mean of the 12 maximum IMTs (MMaxIMT), was calculated for each @entity1 visit, and used to determine each @entity1 's longitudinal progression slope. The intention-to-treat group difference in the MMaxIMT progression was chosen a priori as the primary end point. RESULTS: Five serious cardiovascular events (1 fatal @entity583 ), and 7 drop-outs for @entity5 were registered. In the @entity8673 group, LDL decreased -0.22 after 3 months versus -0.01 in the placebo group, and remained substantially unchanged afterward (-0.23 versus +0.01 at 36 months, respectively). Progression of the MMaxIMT was 0.009 +/- 0.0027 versus -0.0043 +/- 0.0028 mm/year (mean +/- SE, P < 0.0007) in the placebo and @entity8673 groups, respectively. @entity121 progression slopes diverged after 6 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8673 stops the progression of carotid @entity121 in asymptomatic, moderately @entity753 @entity1 and @entity1 . This finding extends the beneficial effects of @entity165 lowering to the primary prevention of @entity731 in a population with relatively low cardiovascular event rates, and suggests that this benefit is mediated by specific morphological effects on early stages of plaque development.

title: @entity8673 reduces carotid @entity121 progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic mediterranean population: the XXXX Italian Ultrasound Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['Carotid Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin', 'Pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['Carotid Atherosclerosis']