abstract: In this prospective, randomized and controlled study, we compare complications in 2 groups of @entity1 : group 1, @entity2120 0.8 mg/kg, subcutaneous every 12 hours during 5 days, and group 2, intravenous unfractionated heparin during 5 days, by infusion treated to activate partial tromboplastin time 1.5-2 the upper limit of normal. Blood samples were obtained at 4, 12, 24 hours and at day 5 of treatment, to measure anti-Xa levels, and also, evaluated end points at 30 days, between groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with clinical and angiographic variables between groups, with p < 0.05. RESULTS: 203 consecutive @entity1 , average age of 60.5 +/- 11.2 years, and 80% @entity1 , were included. There were no differences in clinical and angiographic characteristics. All @entity1 with @entity2120 had therapeutic levels of anti-Xa, of 0.5 to 0.67 U/mL. There was increasing risk of total @entity548 in group 2 (18.7%) than in group 1 (5.6%), with RR = 1.72 (95% CI 1.29, 2.29), p = .003. Also, there was 33.3% of MACE in group 2, and only 17.8% in group 1, with RR = 1.88 (CI 95% 1.29, 2.29), p = .011. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Low doses of enoxaparine achieve therapeutic levels, since the first 4 hours of treatment. 2) A significant @entity548 occurred with the low doses of @entity2120 , with the same efficacy to reduce MACE during follow-up.

title: [Decrease of total XXXX with reduced doses of @entity2120 in high risk unstable angina. ENHNFAI study. ( @entity2120 vs non-fractionated heparin in unstable angina). Preliminary report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'reduction of total bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced @entity565 is a syndrome characterized by @entity1353 , @entity158 , cough, sibilant rales and diminished physical performance. It appears into the first 30 minutes after the beginning of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate calisthenic effect on maximal expiratory flow rate in @entity748 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, observational and descriptive study was done through a soccer game. Male and female @entity748 @entity1 from 6 to 16 years old with intermittent and mild @entity565 were included. Maximal expiratory flow rate was measured before the beginning of soccer game, and then, at the end of the first and second sets. Statistical analysis was made through the media values comparison and t Student test. RESULTS: 60 @entity1 were included. They were 11.3 +/- 2.4 mean aged. 45% had diagnosis of mild @entity565 , 36.6% mild @entity565 and @entity2023 and 6.6% persistent @entity565 . Average of basal maximal expiratory flow rate was 275 +/- 90 L/s, and no significant changes were observed in 52 @entity1 : mean maximal expiratory flow rate at the end of first and second sets was 275 +/- 86 L/s and 273 +/- 96 L/s, respectively. Maximal expiratory flow rate diminished at 77 +/- 3.8% and 83 +/- 9.5% in the other eight @entity1 at the end of the first and second sets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Calisthenic made before physical activity prevents maximal expiratory flow rate diminishment.

title: [Calisthenics as a preventive measure against the decrease in maximum expiratory flow in XXXX @entity1 before and after a soccer game].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic pain']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: Partial nephrectomy was performed on 71 renal units between 1962 and 1978 for @entity1347 . Parenchymal scarring associated with an infundibulocalyceal stone, which was usually branched, was the indication for resection. Stone analysis demonstrated an equal incidence of idiopathic and struvite stones. Perioperative morbidity was minimal, but pyelocutaneous urinary drainage prolonged the hospitalization of 5 @entity1 . In 2 cases, the cause was an obstructing retained @entity1608 . Retained calculi occurred in 3 other @entity1 , one requiring early nephrectomy for @entity295 . Fifty-seven @entity1 were followed for longer than twelve months. Ipsilateral calculi recurred in 12 per cent of kidneys, and contralateral new calculi developed in the same number. Ninety-four per cent of @entity1 with preoperative @entity293 had sterile urine at follow-up. From the results of this and other series, partial nephrectomy compares favorably with extended pyelolithotomy and @entity1347 associated with parenchymal scarring and/or a deformed collecting system.

title: XXXX : potential of parital nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anatrophic nephrotomy for segmental calculus disease', 'segmental calculus disease']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['Segmental calculus disease']


abstract: Members of the family Suidae have diverged over extended evolutionary periods in diverse environments, suggesting that adaptation in response to endemic infectious agents may have occurred. @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ) comprise a multigene family that acts as the first line of defense against infectious microbes at the host-environment interface. We hypothesized that across the Suidae, positive selection mediated by infectious agents has contributed to the evolution of TLR diversity. Thus, we analyzed @entity1707 , Sus barbatus, Sus verrucosus, Sus celebensis, Sus scebifrons, Babyrousa babyrussa, Potamochoerus larvatus, Potamochoerus porcus and @entity28545 genomes. Specifically, analyses were performed to identify evidence of positive selection using Maximum likelihood (ML) methods within a phylogenetic framework for bacterial and viral sensing Suidae TLR extracellular domains. Our analyses did not reveal evidence of positive selection for @entity29051 and @entity63979 , suggesting strong functional conservation among these two genes for members of the Suidae. Positive selection was inferred for Suidae @entity57812 , @entity34968 , @entity63980 and @entity63981 evolution. ML methods identified @entity3689 sites of the bacterial sensing @entity57812 , @entity34968 , @entity63980 and the viral sensing @entity63981 to be under persistent positive selection. Some of these sites are in close proximity to functionally relevant sites, further strengthening the case for pathogen mediated selection for these sites. The branch leading to the genus Sus demonstrated evidence of episodic positive selection for @entity57812 , indicating selection mediated by infectious agents encountered within the specific geographic origin of the Sus. These results indicate that species of the Suidae have positively selected residues within functional domains of @entity6071 reflective of prior @entity281 . Thus, TLR genes represent candidates for experimental validation to determine their functional role in antibacterial and antiviral activity within members of the Suidae.

title: Adaptive Evolution of Toll-Like Receptors ( XXXX ) in the Family Suidae.

entities_list: @entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['TLRs', 'Toll-like receptors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity28545 :: ('41426', 'Species') :: ['Phacochoerus africanus']

answer: @entity6071 :: (MESH:C562709,Disease) :: ['TLRs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study changes in @entity3193 ( @entity3193 ) after high-dose systemic @entity228 treatment using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS: The authors reviewed medical records for 64 eyes of 32 @entity1 who receiving high-dose @entity228 therapy with chronic @entity631 and no @entity2194 . Choroidal thickness was measured in a prospective manner in the same subfoveal area using an enhanced depth imaging technique with spectral domain optical coherence tomography at the same time daily. The possible correlation between @entity3193 and various factors was evaluated. RESULTS: Choroidal thickness decreased significantly during @entity1667 pulse treatment. Mean decrease in @entity3193 was 15.42    8.86  m (range, 14-30  m). In 10 eyes of 5 @entity1 with multiple hospitalizations and pulse treatments, a temporary decrease in @entity3193 was observed with @entity1667 pulse treatment and after recovery without @entity1667 pulse treatment. In multiple regression analysis, the number of previous @entity1667 pulse treatments was the only factor associated with the mean amplitude of @entity3193 decrease (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: High-dose systemic @entity228 treatment significantly reduces @entity3193 . The effect of reducing the @entity3193 does not last after cessation of the treatment. The relation of @entity989 with @entity228 treatment may not be based on the effect of @entity228 treatment on @entity3193 .

title: VARIATIONS IN CHOROIDAL THICKNESS AFTER HIGH-DOSE SYSTEMIC @entity228 TREATMENT IN XXXX WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'choroidal thickness']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['CHILDREN']


abstract: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver is an extremely rare @entity5 . A 43-year-old @entity1 was admitted with an enlargement of the abdomen and a feeling of general fatigue. A clinical examination revealed a right liver @entity5 (18.5  *  22  cm). The @entity5 , which contained a solid component, occupied almost the entire right lobe of the liver, and a solid S4 @entity5 was also observed. A blood examination revealed severe @entity417 and mild @entity409 . During hospitalization intratumor @entity548 occurred. A right lobectomy of the liver and lymph node dissection was performed after transcatheter @entity1416 . Histopathologically, the @entity5 was diagnosed as a primary storiform-pleomorphic-type @entity1418 of the liver. One year after the radical operation, the @entity1 developed recurrences in other organs. She received 17 cycles of chemotherapy with @entity2879 , @entity1260 , and @entity900 . The recurrent @entity5 decreased in size, but new recurrences in other organs occurred. The @entity1 died of @entity1576 4  years and 2  months after the initial operation.

title: Four-year survival of a XXXX with @entity1418 of the liver treated with surgery and chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic tumor', 'giant cystic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity61586 (RhCMV) exhibits strong parallels with @entity1 @entity2834 (HCMV) in terms of nucleic and @entity535 identities, natural history, and mechanisms of persistence and pathogenesis in its natural host, @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ). To determine whether this non- @entity1 primate model would be useful to assess vaccine strategies for HCMV, host immune responses to RhCMV glycoprotein B (gB) were evaluated in RhCMV-infected monkeys. Total protein extracts were prepared from cells transiently transfected with an expression plasmid for either the full-length gB or a derivative (gBDelta, 1-680 aa) lacking both the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail. Western blot analysis showed identical reactivity of macaque sera with full-length gB and its derivative gBDelta, indicating that the immunodominant epitopes of gB are contained in the extracellular portion of the protein. Using gBDelta extract as a solid phase, a sensitive and specific ELISA was established to characterize gB antibody responses in monkeys acutely and chronically infected with RhCMV. During @entity281 (seroconversion), gB-specific antibodies developed concurrently and in parallel with total RhCMV-specific antibodies. However, during @entity281 gB-specific antibody responses were variable. A strong correlation was observed between neutralizing and gB-specific antibody levels in RhCMV-seropositive monkeys. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that, similar to host humoral responses to HCMV gB, anti-gB antibodies are an integral part of humoral immunity to @entity2803 and probably play an important protective role in limiting the extent of @entity2803 . Thus, the @entity2608 model of @entity281 is relevant for testing gB-based immune therapies.

title: Antibody responses to XXXX glycoprotein B in naturally infected @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['RhCMV infection']

entities_list: @entity61586 :: ('47929', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HCMV infection', 'chronic infection', 'primary infection']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus macaques', 'rhesus macaque']

answer: @entity61586 :: (47929,Species) :: ['rhesus cytomegalovirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is growing evidence of ongoing, in utero @entity16 in fetuses with myelomeningocele (MMC). Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has known @entity2359 properties and is predominantly present in its secretory isoform ( @entity25191 ) in meconium, the passage of which is increased in MMC fetuses. The objective of this study was to determine if @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) levels of PLA2 are elevated in a @entity35 model of MMC. METHODS: Timed pregnant @entity35 were gavage fed 60 mg/kg/bodyweight @entity1968 (RA) in olive oil at embryonic day 10 (E10). Amniocentesis was performed at multiple gestational time points on MMC fetuses, RA-exposed fetuses without MMC, and control fetuses. @entity6703 PLA2 levels were analyzed by a fluorescent enzyme activity assay. PLA2 isoforms were determined by measuring activity in the presence of specific inhibitors. RESULTS: There was no difference in @entity6703 PLA2 activity between groups on E15. PLA2 activity was significantly increased in MMC fetuses on E17, E19, and E21 (P < 0.001). Secretory PLA2 primarily accounted for the overall greater activity. CONCLUSIONS: PLA2 levels are elevated in the @entity6703 of fetal @entity35 with MMC and may contribute to ongoing @entity130 . This pathway may be a useful drug target to limit ongoing damage and better preserve neurologic function.

title: Amniotic fluid levels of Phospholipase A2 in fetal XXXX with @entity1968 induced myelomeningocele: the potential "second hit" in @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neural injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recently, we reported that GH therapy without @entity10844 ( @entity10844 ) decreased the final height of @entity1 with @entity851 by decreasing the height standard deviation score ( @entity214 ) for bone age (BA) during puberty. Combination therapy with GH and @entity10844 has been reported to suppress bone maturation and improve final height in some cases. We evaluated the effects of combination therapy with GH and @entity10844 using @entity3429 on the final height of @entity1 with @entity851 . @entity1 : Fifty nine @entity1 with non-GH @entity851 were observed retrospectively until they reached their final height. The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: Group A consisted of 26 @entity1 who were not treated with GH, group B consisted of 13 @entity1 who were treated with GH alone, and group C consisted of 20 @entity1 who were treated with combination therapy with GH and @entity10844 using @entity3429 . At the start of observation, the height @entity214 for BA and projected height were matched among these three groups. RESULTS: The mean +/- @entity214 of the final height for groups A, B, and C were 162.7 +/- 5.3 cm, 155.4 +/- 4.9 cm, and 161.9 +/- 3.2 cm, respectively. GH therapy did not affect the height @entity214 for BA during the prepubertal period. GH therapy without @entity10844 decreased the height @entity214 for BA during puberty in group B. Combination therapy with GH and @entity3429 increased the height @entity214 for BA between 12 and 14 years BA in group C. However, after @entity10844 therapy was discontinued at 14 years BA, the height @entity214 for BA gradually decreased and eventually reached the same value as that in group A. CONCLUSIONS: GH therapy during the prepubertal period did not improve the final height of @entity1 with @entity851 . GH therapy without @entity10844 decreased pubertal height gain, resulting in reduced final height. Combination therapy with GH and @entity10844 using @entity3429 decelerated the bone maturation during puberty which might be accelerated by GH therapy, but did not improve the final height which might have been attained without treatment.

title: Combination therapy with GH and @entity3429 does not improve final height in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['deficient short stature', 'non-GH-deficient short stature']

entities_list: @entity10844 :: ('MESH:D006058', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal suppression', 'GS']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['non-GH-deficient short stature']


abstract: In order to clarify mechanisms underlying dopaminergic @entity528 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ), a gene expression profiling study was performed in a rodent model of @entity191 . In this model, @entity19 are intrastriatally injected with @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) gradually die by @entity10747 . The SN were removed 2 h, 24 h, or 14 days after @entity2955 administration. Levels of mRNAs related to cell death or survival were quantified using adaptor-tagged competitive PCR (ATAC-PCR). The @entity1896 gene showed an immediate increase in mRNA expression. After 24 h, when dopaminergic neurons were under intense degeneration, levels of @entity4699 mRNA and @entity899 apoptosis effecter related to @entity16819 ( @entity66461 ) mRNA increased and, conversely, FAS mRNA decreased. After 14 days, when the degeneration was attenuated, levels of @entity66461 mRNA and @entity35077 ( @entity35077 ) mRNA still increased. @entity35077 has a similarity to @entity1994 , which is an important molecule involved in nerve growth factor signal transduction. @entity1994 mRNA levels are low in dopaminergic neurons. These results suggest that an increase in @entity1896 mRNA triggers dopaminergic neurons to enter an abnormal cell cycle, which leads to @entity528 and cell death, possibly induced by @entity66461 and @entity4699 . In addition to cell death-related genes, several survival-related genes are activated. @entity35077 might function as a key enzyme for the survival of dopaminergic neurons.

title: Gene expression profiling in the midbrain of striatal @entity2955 -injected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde degeneration']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity35077 :: ('20393(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase', 'SGK']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Each year, around 50.000 @entity1 in Sweden experience a separation between their parents. Joint physical custody (JPC), where the @entity1 alternates homes between the parents for about equal amount of time, has become a common living arrangement after parental separation. @entity1 in two homes could benefit from everyday contact with both parents and access to both parents' financial resources. However, @entity1 could experience stress from being constantly moving and potentially exposed to parental conflicts. Still, studies on JPC and biological functioning related to stress, are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate how living arrangements (intact family/JPC) relate to @entity2270 activity and recurrent @entity158 in mid-adolescents. METHODS: Mid-adolescents (106 @entity1 and 51 @entity1 ) provided demographic details, self-reports of recurrent @entity158 ( @entity10 , @entity615 ) and salivary samples. Salivary @entity701 samples were collected: 1) immediately at awakening, 2) +30  minutes, 3) +60  minutes, and 4) at 8  p.m. The @entity701 awakening response (CAR) was computed using an established formula. Additionally, the diurnal decline between the waking and 8  p.m. samples was computed. RESULTS: Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that living arrangements (intact family/JPC) was not associated with morning @entity701 (CAR), the diurnal @entity701 decline or with recurrent @entity158 . However, sex was a significant predictor of both @entity701 measures and recurrent @entity158 with @entity1 exhibiting a higher @entity701 awakening response and a greater diurnal decline value as well as reporting more recurrent @entity158 than did @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Living arrangements were not associated with @entity2270 activity or recurrent @entity158 in this group of well-functioning mid-adolescents. Although this study is the first to investigate how living arrangements relate to @entity2270 functioning and additional studies are needed, the tentative findings suggest that these mid-adolescents have adapted to their living arrangements and that other factors play a more pertinent role for HPA-functioning and subjective health.

title: Exploring salivary XXXX and recurrent @entity158 in mid-adolescents living in two homes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['stomachache, neck/shoulder and back pain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Intranasal (IN) @entity6948 , @entity1363 and @entity3652 in producing moderate sedation among uncooperative pediatric dental @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: This randomized triple blind comparative study comprises of eighty four ASA grade I @entity1 of both sexes aged 4-14 years, who were uncooperative and could not be managed by conventional behavior management techniques. All the @entity1 were randomized to receive one of the four drug groups @entity6948 1 microg/ kg (D1), 1.5 microg/kg (D2), @entity1363 0.2 mg/kg (M1) and @entity3652 5 mg/kg (K1) through IN route. These drug groups were assessed for efficacy and safety by gauging overall success rate and by monitoring vital signs, respectively. RESULTS: The onset of sedation was significantly rapid with M1 and K1 as compared to @entity14169 (p = < 0.001). The overall success rate was highest in D2 (85.7%) followed by D1 (81%), K1 (66.7%) and M1 (61.9%), however, the difference among them was not statistically significant (p = > 0.05). Even though all the vital signs were within physiological limits, there was significant reduction in pulse rate (PR) (p = < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = < 0.05) among @entity14169 as compared to M1 and K1. D1, D2 and K1 produced greater intra- and post-operative @entity1337 as compared to M1. There were no significant adverse effects with any group. CONCLUSION: @entity6948 , @entity1363 and @entity3652 , all the three drugs evaluated in the present study can be used safely and effectively through IN route in uncooperative pediatric dental @entity1 for producing moderate sedation.

title: A comparative evaluation of intranasal @entity6948 , XXXX and @entity3652 for their sedative and analgesic properties: a triple blind randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: The evaluation of the @entity1 with @entity548 , particularly @entity931 , carries a relatively high yield of discovering an underlying @entity74 . The most common underlying @entity4461 would be @entity2880 , with an estimated prevalence of 7% to 20%. In addition, preliminary results suggest that another 20% to 30% of @entity1 may have @entity1423 as another cause of @entity931 . Disorders of fibrinolysis may be an additional underlying @entity4461 . Initial intake should include documentation of @entity931 by the pictorial chart assessment of menstrual flow. Baseline characteristics of menstrual flow should also be documented including the frequency of changing the sanitary napkin on the heaviest day, use of more than one sanitary napkin at a time, and number of days lost from school or work. @entity931 since menarche, a history of surgicalor dental-related @entity548 , and a history of postpartum @entity548 are items of the @entity548 symptom audit that appear to predict in @entity2880 in @entity1 with @entity931 . @entity1415 and easy @entity2981 do not appear to be clearly discriminatory symptoms. Initial testing should include the complete blood cell count, protime, activated partial thromboplastin time, @entity68 profile, serum @entity1011 , thyroid-stimulating hormone level, factor VIII level, @entity2880 factor antigen, ristocetin cofactor, and @entity1423 studies. Additional hemostatic studies may also include a factor XI level and euglobulin clot lysis time. Intuitively, failure to diagnose an underlying @entity4461 may lead to continued @entity931 and diminished quality of life, as well as unnecessary surgical interventions, which, in turn, may be fraught with @entity548 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['increased bleeding', 'abnormal bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'impaired platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['Epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of hemostasis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia', 'Menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['part von Willebrand disease', 'von Willebrand disease', 'von Willebrand']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['abnormal bleeding']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 110 Background: We conducted a retrospective study to investigate @entity2675 risk factors, treatment and survival. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity2675 diagnosed between 1985 and 2014 at the Cleveland Clinic were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: 131 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The median age at diagnosis was 66. Most of the @entity5 were @entity513 (85%, 111/131) and most were intermediate grade (47%, 41/87). Most @entity1 had localized disease - stage 0-1 (45%, 48/107); stage 2 (35%, 37/107). Among the @entity1 with data, 93% (94/101) were ER+, 73% (74/101) were PR+, 12% (10/80) were @entity1722 positive, and 6% were triple negative. Estimated median survival was 20.2 years (95% C.I. 19.0-29.4), and estimated 2 and 5-year survival were 96% + 2% and 87% + 3%. Grade was associated with outcome (p=.07). CONCLUSIONS: In our study only age at diagnosis was associated with overall survival. Further research is required to understand the treatment outcomes of this rare @entity5 . [Table: see text].

title: XXXX : Risk factors, treatment, and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinomas']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['Male breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: Accurate staging of @entity14 depends on adequate retrieval and reporting of lymph nodes in the specimen. The presence of positive lymph nodes is an indication for adjuvant therapy. Both surgeons and pathologists influence the number of lymph nodes that are retrieved and reported in specimens. Although several recommendations exist in the literature regarding the minimum number of lymph nodes required for reliable staging, the relationship of examined to infiltrated lymph nodes has not been clarified. The aims of this study were to examine variance among surgeons and pathologists in the retrieval and reporting of lymph nodes in @entity14 specimens; to examine the relationship between retrieved/examined lymph nodes and infiltrated lymph nodes; to identify in our own series the minimum number of retrieved lymph nodes required to secure accurate staging. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 284 @entity1 with @entity14 followed in our hospital and retrospective analysis of histopathology reports. Correlation analysis, ANOVA, and survival analysis were performed on the data. RESULTS: There were 127 @entity1 with @entity188 and 157 @entity1 with @entity694 under follow-up. The median number of lymph nodes per specimen was 8 (range 0-29). There was no difference in the number of retrieved lymph nodes among 9 surgeons. There were 2 outliers among pathologists, with one reporting a mean of 11.4 (9.8-12.9) 95% CI nodes per specimen and another reporting a mean 4.9 (3.6-6.2) 95% CI nodes per specimen. @entity1619 stage did not affect the number of nodes. Correlation analysis revealed a linear correlation between the total number of reported lymph nodes and the existence of positive lymph nodes. From the correlation equation we calculated that, in order to have one positive node, a minimum of 8.4 nodes was required in the specimen. Therefore, in our group of @entity1 , a minimum of 8.4 nodes was required for accurate @entity5 . However, survival analysis did not show any difference between @entity1 with more and @entity1 with less than 9 reported lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Variance among pathologists exists and may be at least as important as variance among surgeons. Specialisation of pathologists similar to that of surgeons as well as employment of new techniques may be required . There is a linear correlation between the number of examined lymph nodes and the presence of positive nodes in a @entity14 specimen. This linear correlation makes the calculation of the minimum number of lymph nodes possible. In our series a minimum of nine nodes must be examined. However, we have not demonstrated an effect of inadequate nodes numbers on survival, possibly because survival in @entity14 is multifactorial.

title: Variance of surgeons versus pathologists in staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Dukes and T']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Dukes staging']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the colon']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1067 , resembling @entity75 in @entity1 , together with chronic inflammatory exudates, have been reported after chronic administration of @entity2647 (PE). The present study aims to characterize the evolution of the expression of typical leukocyte markers immunohistochemically as correlated to the promotion of @entity75 . METHODS: Adolescent @entity35 received injections of PE (subcutaneously) (10 mg/kg BW/per day) and were euthanized 3, 8 hr, 1, 3, 7, 14 days thereafter. The dissected prostates were fixed in @entity406 , and paraffin embedded sections were cut and immunoreacted. RESULTS: PE exerted a time related bi-phasic effect on the @entity35 prostate. A first inflammatory reaction phase took place at 3-8 hr post injection characterized by @entity384 , @entity384 , @entity4 , and massive leukocytic infiltrate, mainly of ED1+ cells. At 24 hr, the amount of ED1+ cells decreased approaching the equivalent values of ED2+, CD8+ cells, and mastocytes. Their values remained relatively high for the rest of the experimental period. A second phase of proliferative changes, consisting of healing @entity82 as well as @entity75 , similar to @entity1 @entity75 , appeared on the 7th day. CONCLUSIONS: Neuro-immune interactions promote prostatic @entity82 and @entity6349 changes; these being preceded by an acute and transient inflammatory reaction.

title: XXXX -induced neurogenic prostatitis facilitates the promotion of PIN-like lesions in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PIN lesions', 'dysplastic epithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical prostate hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dilatation', 'congestion']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['Phenylephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) is a progressive, debilitating disease with complex symptoms, unclear etiology and pathogenesis, and difficult diagnosis. Current imaging methods are useful in diagnosing @entity1691 and other @entity5145 , and are frequently used in investigations of @entity6592 . The radiographic diagnosis of @entity6592 has large interobserver variations. Computed tomography (CT) has been used for evaluation of @entity6592 since 1979, and has been evaluated in several studies, most of them with a limited number of @entity1 . These studies have shown a large number of false-negative results from radiography. METHODS: In a retrospective study of clinical data, we evaluated 910 @entity1 with @entity1691 who were examined by radiography and CT within a 2-year period. The reported outcomes from radiography and CT were compared. RESULTS: The agreement between radiography and CT data was only fair, with a kappa value of 0.2418. There were 35.0% false-positive radiography reports, 22.5% false-negative radiography reports, and 86.0% false-equivocal radiography reports. In total, 41.3% of all radiological reports gave a false answer. While the number of false negatives was similar to that previously reported, the number of false positives was much higher than previously reported, and is probably similar to everyday radiology reporting. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the clinical utility of radiography for evaluation of @entity6592 is limited. The high rate of inaccurate results should motivate the use of sectional imaging for its superior performance.

title: The clinical utility of computed tomography compared to conventional radiography in diagnosing XXXX . A retrospective study on 910 @entity1 and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathies']

answer: @entity6592 :: (MESH:D058566,Disease) :: ['sacroiliitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the serum @entity1369 level and abnormal levels of mineral corticoid in @entity1 with the @entity989 ( @entity989 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: All recruited @entity1 with @entity989 received fundus @entity941 angiography (FFA), enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and serum @entity1369 assay. The @entity1 were classified into spontaneously resolved group and unresolved group according to a 3-months follow-up of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) examination. @entity1 from unresolved group were recruited to receive treatment with 40 mg @entity1482 orally for 2 months. After the treatment, the EDI-OCT and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were performed again to assess the treatment efficacy. RESULTS: The study included 61 @entity1 (72 eyes) with 34 @entity1 in the unresolved group and 27 @entity1 in the resolved group. The @entity1369 level was significantly associated with the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of revolved @entity989 eyes (r=0.342, p<0.05) as well as the SFCT of unresolved @entity989 eyes (r=0.348, p<0.05). And the @entity1369 level in the unresolved @entity989 group was greater than that in the spontaneously resolved group (161.8    50.1 ng/dl vs. 122.5    50.5 ng/dl, p<0.05). The central macular thickness and SFCT were decreased significantly (p<0.05) after the treatment with 40 mg/d @entity1482 for two months. CONCLUSIONS: The unresolved @entity989 @entity1 were characterized by high level of @entity1369 and thickened SFCT. @entity1482 treatment was associated with the improvement of chronic @entity989 . Besides, the side effect of @entity1482 treatment was rare.

title: The relation of the serum @entity1369 level and XXXX - a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy', 'CSC']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone', 'Spironolactone']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have previously shown complement activation as a possible mechanism for @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) sensitization, leading to multi-organ damage including the kidneys. In particular, excessive deposition of C5 and C5b-9-the membrane attack complex, which can generate significant tissue damage, was observed in the kidney tissue after @entity4966 sensitization. The present study tested the hypothesis that anaphylatoxin @entity12920 binding to its receptor @entity47513 mediates @entity8 in @entity4966 -sensitized BALB/c @entity19 . BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized through skin challenge with @entity4966 , with or without pretreatment by the @entity47513 antagonist W54011. Kidney histopathology and the renal functional test were performed to assess @entity8 , and immunohistochemistry and fluorescent labeling were carried out to assess @entity12920 and @entity47513 expressions. @entity4966 sensitization up-regulated @entity12920 and @entity47513 expressions in kidney tissue, generated inflammatory infiltration, renal tubule damage, @entity8 and @entity8 . Antagonist pretreatment blocked @entity12920 binding to @entity47513 and attenuated @entity4966 -induced @entity8 . @entity4966 sensitization also caused the deposition of major pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity2047 , @entity637 and IFN-y in the kidney tissue (P   <   0.05); this was accompanied by increased expression of P-p38, @entity2986 and P-JNK proteins (P   <   0.05). Pretreatment with the @entity47513 antagonist attenuated the increase of expression of P-p38, @entity2986 and P-JNK proteins (P   <   0.05) and also consistently reduced the @entity4966 sensitization-induced increase of @entity2047 , @entity637 and IFN-y (P   <   0.05). These data identify @entity12920 binding to @entity47513 , MAP kinase activation, and inflammatory cytokine release as a novel mechanism for complement-mediated @entity8 by sensitization with @entity4966 or other environmental chemicals. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Complement @entity12920 - @entity47513 interaction enhances MAPK signaling pathway activities to mediate @entity8 in @entity4965 sensitized BALB/c XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function', 'tissue damage and renal dysfunction', 'renal injury', 'glomerular hypercellularity']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Purpose: @entity29714 ( @entity29714 ) is a well-established @entity725 ( @entity725 ) risk gene, with rare variants known to have high penetrance. The most common clinically relevant risk variant, @entity30607 , has an allele frequency of 0.1% to 0.3% in populations of European ancestry. Detection of rare @entity29714 variants has traditionally been conducted using Sanger sequencing. Here we report the use of genotyping arrays and imputation to assess whether rare variants including @entity30607 can be reliably detected. Methods: A total of 1155 cases with advanced @entity725 and 1992 unscreened controls genotyped on common variant arrays participated in this study. Accuracy of imputation of @entity30607 variants was compared with direct sequencing. A genome-wide association study was performed using additive model adjusted for sex and the first six principal components. Results: We found that although the arrays we used were designed to tag common variants, we could reliably impute the @entity30607 variant ( @entity66928 ). When tested in 1155 @entity725 cases and 1992 controls, @entity66928 was strongly associated with risk (odds ratio = 15.53, P = 1.07 * 10-9). All @entity725 samples underwent full sequencing of the @entity29714 gene, and we found a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99.91%, positive predictive value of 95.65%, and negative predictive value of 100% between imputation and sequencing. @entity30607 was also accurately imputed in a further set of 1801 individuals without @entity725 . Among the total set of 3793 (1992 + 1801) individuals without @entity725 , six were predicted (probability > 95%) to carry the risk variant. Conclusions: We demonstrate that some clinically important rare variants can be reliably detected using arrays and imputation. These results have important implications for the detection of clinically relevant incidental findings in ongoing and future studies using arrays.

title: Accurate Imputation-Based Screening of XXXX @entity29714 Variant in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity30607 :: ('p|SUB|Q|368|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln368Ter']

answer: @entity30607 :: (p|SUB|Q|368|X,ProteinMutation) :: ['Gln368Ter']


abstract: @entity65 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adult @entity1 with @entity454 receiving maintenance dialysis. Coronary artery @entity730 (CAC) contribute to the high prevalence of @entity299 and are associated with @entity2265 , an elevated @entity460 - @entity3151 product (CaxP), and prolonged time on dialysis. @entity32 and @entity3147 are also associated with an increased risk for development of @entity299 . Young adults receiving maintenance dialysis develop @entity299 at a degree out of proportion to healthy adults of the same age and gender. Many of these young adults initiated dialysis as @entity1 or teenagers. Risk factors associated with the development of CAC are also seen in the pediatric dialysis population. To date, reports of @entity299 in pediatric @entity1 receiving maintenance dialysis are limited to post-mortem studies. We present two pediatric @entity1 with ANCA-positive @entity1333 diagnosed with @entity299 while receiving maintenance dialysis. @entity2265 and an elevated CaxP product were seen in both @entity1 and probably contributed to the development of extraskeletal @entity730 . In addition, both @entity1 had an underlying systemic inflammatory disease and significant @entity353 / @entity3147 that may have contributed to the early and rapid onset of @entity299 .

title: XXXX in pediatric @entity1 receiving maintenance dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperphosphatemia', 'hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac calcifications']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular calcifications']


abstract: The present study is based on a multicenter documentation system which includes standardized information on a total of 1271 @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). In 441 (34.7%) cases the optic nerve was involved at the first appearance of the disease, and in 212 (16.6%) subjects @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ) was the sole initial sign. For all @entity15 @entity1 with @entity7995 at the onset of the disease the female to male ratio was 1.3, whereas it was 1.5 for the whole series. The mean age at onset was 2 years lower for @entity1 with initial @entity7995 as compared with the whole series (29.0 and 31.1 years, respectively). Correlation of the disability of the @entity1 to the duration of the disease revealed the best prognosis for @entity1 with @entity7995 as the sole inital sign of @entity15 . The frequency of brainstem/cerebellar and pyramidal signs was lowest among these @entity1 at the time of the present examination. The difference was more pronounced during the first years of the disease and disappeared after longer duration. The correlation curves of disability to the present age of the @entity1 confirmed this pattern. Our findings do not support the idea of initial @entity7995 as being a favorable sign of the later course. As an initial bout of @entity15 , it reflect more precisely the mean age of onset of the disease than other signs.

title: XXXX as an initial symptom in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'ON']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['Optic neuritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Various techniques to correct @entity91 have been described. The authors of this study assess the results of 2 techniques for late complete cranial remodeling and test the hypothesis that adding a widening bridge would improve outcome. METHODS In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated @entity1 with @entity91 -those who underwent frontobiparietal remodeling (FBR) and those who underwent modified FBR (MFBR) involving the introduction of a bony bridge to increase the width of the skull. Outcomes for both groups are described in terms of the aesthetic results assessed on photographs and any changes in the cranial index (CI) and head circumference over time, the presence of @entity1829 , and complaints of @entity10 . The effect of the surgical technique on CI and head circumference over time was assessed using linear regression analysis, with adjustment for preoperative CI and head circumference. RESULTS Sixty-nine @entity1 with @entity91 were included in this study: 35 underwent MFBR and 34 underwent the original technique of FBR. The mean follow-up period was 7 years. In the 1st year after surgery, mean CI improved by 9% in the FBR group and by 12% in the MFBR group. One year after surgery, CI in the MFBR group was on average 4.7% higher than that in the FBR group (p < 0.001). During follow-up, CI decreased in both groups; however, at all time points CI was significantly higher in the MFBR group than in the FBR group. The impact of surgical technique on CI was less important than the impact of preoperative CI (R(2)= 0.26 vs 0.54), and this applied at all time points during follow-up. Head circumference declined during follow-up in both groups. It was influenced by preoperative head circumference, but not by surgical technique. Aesthetic outcome, prevalence of @entity10 (42%), and @entity1829 (7%) were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Adding a widening bridge to late complete remodeling significantly improved CI and helped to prevent CI from decreasing in the long term. This addition did not affect the head circumference growth curve. Despite a mean head circumference remaining at +1 SD, @entity1 continued to develop @entity1829 postoperatively (7%).

title: Frontobiparietal remodeling with or without a widening bridge for XXXX : comparison of 2 cohorts for aesthetic and functional outcome.

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis', 'sagittal synostosis', 'isolated sagittal synostosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['sagittal synostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of prolonged use of an artificial beta cell (closed-loop insulin-delivery system) in the home setting have not been established. METHODS: In two multicenter, crossover, randomized, controlled studies conducted under free-living home conditions, we compared closed-loop insulin delivery with sensor-augmented pump therapy in 58 @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . The closed-loop system was used day and night by 33 adults and overnight by 25 @entity1 and adolescents. @entity1 used the closed-loop system for a 12-week period and sensor-augmented pump therapy (control) for a similar period. The primary end point was the proportion of time that the @entity413 level was between 70 mg and 180 mg per deciliter for adults and between 70 mg and 145 mg per deciliter for @entity1 and adolescents. RESULTS: Among adults, the proportion of time that the @entity413 level was in the target range was 11.0 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1 to 13.8) greater with the use of the closed-loop system day and night than with control therapy (P<0.001). The mean @entity413 level was lower during the closed-loop phase than during the control phase (difference, -11 mg per deciliter; 95% CI, -17 to -6; P<0.001), as were the area under the curve for the period when the @entity413 level was less than 63 mg per deciliter (39% lower; 95% CI, 24 to 51; P<0.001) and the mean glycated hemoglobin level (difference, -0.3%; 95% CI, -0.5 to -0.1; P=0.002). Among @entity1 and adolescents, the proportion of time with the nighttime @entity413 level in the target range was higher during the closed-loop phase than during the control phase (by 24.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 20.6 to 28.7; P<0.001), and the mean nighttime @entity413 level was lower (difference, -29 mg per deciliter; 95% CI, -39 to -20; P<0.001). The area under the curve for the period in which the day-and-night @entity413 levels were less than 63 mg per deciliter was lower by 42% (95% CI, 4 to 65; P=0.03). Three severe hypoglycemic episodes occurred during the closed-loop phase when the closed-loop system was not in use. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , 12-week use of a closed-loop system, as compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy, improved @entity413 control, reduced @entity4053 , and, in adults, resulted in a lower glycated hemoglobin level. (Funded by the JDRF and others; AP@home04 and APCam08 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01961622 and NCT01778348.).

title: Home Use of an Artificial Beta Cell in Type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The hollow fiber system model of @entity378 ( @entity6517 ) is designed to perform pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/ @entity1726 ) experiments, and hence the design of optimal doses and dose schedules for the treatment of @entity378 . To determine if this model is useful for deriving PK/ @entity1726 data relevant to clinical outcomes, we compared its quantitative output to that from clinical trials. METHODS: We performed a PubMed search to identify clinical studies performed with antituberculosis therapy in which PK/ @entity1726 data and/or parameters were documented or a dose-scheduling study design was employed. The search period was from January 1943 to December 2012. All clinical studies were published prior to @entity6517 experiments. Bias minimization was done according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Clinical publications were scored for quality of evidence, with 1 as the highest score (randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses of such studies), and 4 as the lowest score. RESULTS: We identified 17 studies that examined the same parameters as in 8 @entity6517 studies. Fifteen of 17 studies had a quality-of-evidence score of 1. The sterilizing and bactericidal effect rates for @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity5585 , and @entity3110 were the same in the @entity6517 as in @entity1 . Time to emergence of resistance for monotherapy was the same as in @entity1 . The PK/ @entity1726 indices associated with efficacy were the same in @entity6517 as in @entity1 for all drugs examined. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6517 model is highly accurate at identifying optimal drug exposures, doses, and dosing schedules for use in the clinic.

title: Correlations Between the Hollow Fiber Model of @entity378 and Therapeutic Events in @entity378 XXXX : Learn and Confirm.

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The efficacy of several antiepileptics in the preventive treatment of episodic @entity2704 in adults has been systematically reviewed. Because many trial reports have been published since then, an updated systematic review was warranted. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed/MEDLINE (1966 to January 15, 2013), MEDLINE In-Process (current week, January 15, 2013), and EMBASE (1974 to January 15, 2013) and hand-searched @entity10 and @entity10 through January 2013. Prospective, controlled trials of antiepileptics taken regularly to prevent the occurrence of @entity2704 attacks, to improve @entity2704 -related quality of life, or both, were selected. RESULTS: Mean @entity10 frequency on topiramate and @entity1092 is significantly lower than placebo. Likewise, topiramate and @entity1092 demonstrated favorable results for the proportion of subjects with >= 50% reduction of @entity2704 attacks. For @entity1771 , 100   mg and 200   mg outperformed 50   mg, but this was paralleled by a higher adverse event rate. For @entity1092 / @entity1092 , a dose-effect correlation could not be established. There was no unequivocal evidence of efficacy for any of the other antiepileptics. CONCLUSION: Topiramate, @entity1092 and @entity1092 are effective prophylactic treatments for episodic @entity2704 in adults. In contrast to previous reports, there is insufficient evidence to further support the use of @entity2682 .

title: Antiepileptics in XXXX prophylaxis: An updated Cochrane review.

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'divalproex', 'sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Cephalalgia', 'Headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This experiment aimed to compare the ionic ( @entity5777 , @entity5777 ) and non-ionic ( @entity7241 , @entity7241 ) @entity2287 -based contrast agents (GBCA) in the quantitative evaluation of @entity36 with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( @entity9243 -MRI). A @entity36 model was established in 12 @entity35 , and magnetic resonance (MR) scans were performed six days after @entity5 implantation. Imaging was performed using a 3.0-T MR scanner with a 7-inch handmade circular coil. Pre-contrast T1 mapping and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1WI after a bolus injection (0.2 mL s(-1)) of GBCA at 0.4 mmol kg(-1) were performed. Each @entity35 received two DCE-MRI scans, 24 h apart. The first and second scans were performed using @entity5777 and @entity7241 , respectively. Image data were processed using the Patlak model. Both K (trans) and V p maps were generated. @entity5 were manually segmented on all 3D K (trans) and V p maps. Pixel counts and mean values were recorded for use in a paired t-test. Three radiologists independently performed the @entity5 segmentation and value calculation. The agreements from different observers were subjective to the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Readers demonstrated that the pixel counts of @entity5 in K (trans) maps were higher with @entity5777 than with @entity7241 (P<0.001, all readers). Although the K (trans) values were higher with @entity5777 than with @entity7241 , there was no statistical significance (P>0.05, all readers). The pixel counts of @entity5 in V p maps, as well as V p values, showed no obvious difference between the two agents (P>0.05, all readers). Excellent interobserver measurement reproducibility and reliability were demonstrated in the ICC tests. The @entity5777 contrast agent had significantly higher pixel counts of @entity11 in the K (trans) maps, and an increased tendency for average K (trans) values, indicating that DCE-MRI with @entity5777 may be more suitable and sensitive for the evaluation of @entity11 .

title: Intra-individual comparison of different @entity2287 -based contrast agents in the quantitative evaluation of XXXX with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['Gd-DTPA', 'Gadopentetate dimeglumine']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity5777 :: ('MESH:C064925', 'Chemical') :: ['Gd-DTPA-BMA', 'Gadodiamide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Wistar rats']

answer: @entity36 :: (MESH:C567307,Disease) :: ['C6 glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that the treatment of @entity1 with @entity14784 ( @entity14784 ) would be improved under the care of laparoscopic specialists. METHODS: The records of @entity1 undergoing cholecystectomy for @entity14784 from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. Of 170 @entity1 , 48 were cared for by three laparoscopic specialists ( @entity8433 group), whereas 122 were treated by nine general surgeons who perform only laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) ( @entity1412 group). The rates of successful LC, complications, and length of hospital stay were compared. Multivariate analysis was used to control for baseline differences. RESULTS: The @entity1 in the @entity1412 group were older (median age, 63 vs 53 years; p = 0.01). In all, 31 @entity8433 @entity1 (65%), as compared with 44 @entity1412 @entity1 (36%), had successful laparoscopic treatment (p = 0.001). The operating time was the same (median, 70 min). The proportion of @entity1 with @entity260 was similar in the two groups (37% in the @entity1412 vs 31% in the @entity8433 group; p = 0.6). The median postoperative hospital stay (3 vs 5 days; p <0.01) was shorter in the @entity8433 group. On logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of a successful laparoscopic operation included @entity8433 group (p <0.01) and age (p = 0). Predictors of prolonged length of hospital stay were age (p <0.01) and comorbidity score (p <0.01), with @entity8433 group status not a significant factor (p = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity14784 are more likely to undergo successful LC if cared for by a surgeon with an interest in laparoscopy. However, length of hospital stay is influenced more by @entity1 factors in a multivariate model.

title: Does a special interest in laparoscopy affect the treatment of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis', 'AC']

answer: @entity14784 :: (MESH:D041881,Disease) :: ['acute cholecystitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The effects of @entity101 on cerebral blood flow remain poorly understood. Hemodynamic responses within the somatosensory cortex have been shown to be impaired in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) model. However, it is unknown whether @entity101 affects @entity26 homeostasis in vital brainstem areas that control cardiovascular reflexes. In this study, we assessed vagus nerve stimulation-induced changes in local tissue @entity4095 ( @entity36724 ) in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarius (cNTS) of SHRs and normotensive @entity35 . @entity36724 measurements were performed using a novel application of fast cyclic voltammetry, which allows higher temporal resolution of @entity3612 changes than traditional optical fluorescence techniques. Electrical stimulation of the central-cut end of the vagus nerve (ESVN) caused profound arterial blood pressure decreases along with biphasic @entity36724 changes in the cNTS, characterised by a rapid decrease in @entity36724 ("initial dip") followed by a post-stimulus overshoot above baseline. The initial dip was found to be significantly smaller in SHRs compared to normotensive @entity35 even after ganglionic blockade. Post-ESVN overshoot was similar in both groups but was reduced in @entity35 after ganglionic blockade. In conclusion, neural activity-dependent changes in tissue @entity26 in brainstem cardiovascular autonomic centres are significantly impaired in animals with @entity101 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Abnormal @entity26 homeostasis in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear to which degree the services available after end of treatment are sufficient to meet the needs of @entity1 treated for @entity0 . The aim of the present study was to identify @entity1 -reported supportive care needs and the prevalence of fear of @entity5 recurrence (FCR) following end of treatment in @entity1 treated for @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, @entity1 treated for @entity0 (n   =   155; mean age 63) completed questionnaires concerning supportive care needs and FCR. Inclusion criteria were: >= 18 years of age and treated for primary @entity0 at Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark and between three months and five years after diagnosis. Associations between demographic characteristics, clinical factors, side effects, late effects and the two dependent variables, unmet needs (examined with linear regression model), and FCR (examined with logistic regression model) were analyzed. RESULTS: The response rate was 79.9%. Almost all (82.6%) @entity1 reported at least one unmet need (mean number 9.3; range 0-34). More than half (59.3%) of the unmet needs were rated as strong unmet needs. The most frequent unmet needs were concerned with doctors collaborate to coordinate care; the need for having ongoing dialog with healthcare providers to receive available local health care services, understandable and up-to-date information, to manage side effects and feeling reassured that the best medical care are given. Having unmet needs were associated with young age, short time since primary surgery, and having clinical FCR. FCR was reported by 54.8% of the @entity1 and was associated with short time since primary surgery, having chemotherapy, having unmet needs, and moderate to severe muscle and joint @entity158 and @entity1295 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 survivors experience substantial unmet needs years after end of treatment, particularly among younger @entity1 and @entity1 having clinical FCR. Furthermore, FCR is frequent among @entity1 , particularly when closer in time to primary surgery.

title: XXXX recurrence and unmet needs among @entity0 survivors in the first five years. A cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Fear of cancer']


abstract: Previous studies on beta-amyloid production have been carried out using transfected cells and cell lines. We measured the 40 and 42 @entity535 forms of beta-amyloid released into the culture medium by primary @entity1 foetal mixed brain cell aggregate culture over 3 months. In this model, neurones and supporting cells are maintained in serum-free defined medium. The secretion of significant amounts of beta-amyloid 40 and 42 was observed throughout culture for three separate cultures. Levels of beta-amyloid 40 and 42 closely followed the neuronal content of the cultures as estimated by cellular neurone-specific enolase. Addition of synthetic beta-amyloid 1-40 to the cultures for 1 week at 35 days in vitro resulted in a dose-related reduction in cellular neurone-specific enolase levels. Primary @entity1 aggregate brain cell cultures produced multimeric beta-amyloid, as determined by immunoassay. beta-Amyloid-treated cultures released diminishing amounts of multimeric beta-amyloid and contained increasing amounts of intracellular multimeric beta-amyloid with increasing exogenous beta-amyloid. These results suggest that release of multimeric beta-amyloid into the extracellular environment by @entity1 primary neurones can be affected by the presence of extracellular beta-amyloid. This has implications for @entity195 in that beta-amyloid released into the extracellular environment by dead/dying neurones could modulate beta-amyloid release by surrounding neurones, potentially causing amplification of @entity137 . Moreover, intracellular beta-amyloid oligomer-dependent @entity2359 may be a component of @entity179 in @entity195 , and other conditions with increased beta-amyloid synthesis, suggesting anti-amyloid therapies for @entity195 may have to target intracellular beta-amyloid.

title: Production of beta-amyloid by primary XXXX foetal mixed brain cell cultures and its modulation by exogenous soluble beta-amyloid.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Postburn @entity6726 , although relatively uncommon, is a complex problem to treat. Three of 25 female premenopausal @entity1 who were admitted during the years 1995 to 2001 with more than 40% TBSA burns developed this problem. All three @entity1 were @entity28 according to body mass index and other clinical criteria. It was observed that the additional disturbance of equilibrium of hypothalamus because of @entity130 , which is already disturbed as per se in @entity28 @entity1 , precipitates sustained release of @entity4090 , leading to @entity6726 . @entity3190 because of @entity28 and associated reactive metabolic response of burn @entity130 contribute to the stimulation of @entity4090 secretion and sustained @entity4089 . Interestingly, our @entity1 who developed postburn @entity6726 also developed @entity2805 not readily amenable to preventive and conservative therapeutic treatment methods. The responsible factor for its development can be a rise in @entity4090 levels with interplay of other hormones, such as melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), from the anterior pituitary. Repeated serum @entity4090 measurements and early control of rising levels during the burn treatment, particularly in @entity28 @entity1 , are recommended. Early and vigorous measures to prevent @entity1184 also are advocated. In our study, we failed to correlate chest wall burns with @entity6726 .

title: Postburn @entity6726 with @entity2805 : role of XXXX under scrutiny.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['scar hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['refractory hypertrophic scars']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Cyclin E is essential for progression through the G1-phase of the cell cycle and initiation of DNA replication by interacting with and activating its catalytic partner, the @entity15308 ( @entity15308 ). Rb, as well as @entity22733 , @entity22352 , and nucleophosmin, critical components of cell proliferation and DNA replication, respectively, are targets of Cyclin E/ @entity15308 phosphorylation. There are a number of putative binding sites for E2F in the cyclin E promoter region, suggesting an E2F-dependent regulation. @entity20127 and @entity26562 are novel proteins, responsible for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of Cyclin E. The tight regulation of cyclin E expression, both at the transcriptional level and by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, indicates that it has a major role in the control of the G1- and S-phase transitions. Cyclin E is also transcriptionally regulated during radiation-induced apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. In addition to its biological roles, deregulated cyclin E expression has an established role in tumorigenesis. Cell cycle regulatory molecules, such as cyclin E, are frequently deregulated in different types of @entity5 , where overexpressed native or low molecular weight forms of Cyclin E have a significant role in oncogenesis. During apoptosis of hematopoietic cells, caspase-dependent proteolysis of Cyclin E generates a @entity7818 -Cyclin E variant. Understanding the role of Cyclin E in apoptosis may provide a novel target, which may be effective in @entity5 therapy. This review summarizes what is known about the biological role of cyclin E, its deregulation in @entity5 , and the opportunities it may provide as a target in clinical therapy.

title: A dual role of cyclin E in cell proliferation and apoptosis may provide a target for XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity15308 :: ('1017', 'Gene') :: ['Cdk2', 'cyclin dependent kinase 2']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial glycocalyx participates in the maintenance of vascular integrity, and its perturbations cause @entity2478 , loss of vascular responsiveness, and enhanced adhesion of leukocytes and platelets. We hypothesized that marked shedding of the glycocalyx core protein, @entity13221 , occurs in @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) and that it increases during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We further evaluated the effects of general anesthesia on glycocalyx shedding and its association with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) after OLT. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive liver transplant recipients were enrolled in this prospective study. Ten healthy volunteers served as a control. @entity810 was defined by Acute @entity8 . RESULTS: Plasma @entity13221 was significantly higher in @entity3851 @entity1 than in healthy volunteers (74.3    59.9 vs 10.7    9.4 ng/mL), and it further increased significantly after reperfusion (74.3    59.9 vs 312.6    114.8 ng/mL). The type of general anesthesia had no significant effect on @entity13221 . @entity13221 was significantly higher during the entire study in @entity1 with posttransplant @entity810 stage 2 or 3 compared to @entity1 with @entity810 stage 0 or 1. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics curve of syndecane-1 to predict @entity810 stage 2 or 3 within 48 hours after reperfusion was 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.89, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3851 suffer from glycocalyx alterations, and @entity63 -reperfusion injury during OLT further exacerbates its damage. Despite a higher incidence of @entity810 in @entity1 with elevated @entity13221 , it is not helpful to predict de novo @entity810 . Volatile anesthetics did not attenuate glycocalyx shedding in @entity1 OLT.

title: Alterations of Endothelial Glycocalyx During Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in XXXX With End-Stage Liver Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Injury Network criteria']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary leakage']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease', 'ESLD']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury', 'acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is a radiosensitive and chemosensitive @entity5 . This randomized phase III trial compared concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus radiotherapy (RT) alone in @entity1 with advanced @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From December 1993 to April 1999, 284 @entity1 with 1992 American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage III to IV (M0) @entity189 were randomly allocated into two arms. Similar dosage and fractionation of RT was administered in both arms. The investigational arm received two cycles of concurrent chemotherapy with @entity900 20 mg/m(2)/d plus @entity1487 400 mg/m(2)/d by 96-hour continuous infusion during the weeks 1 and 5 of RT. Survival analysis was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. RESULTS: Baseline @entity1 characteristics were comparable in both arms. After a median follow-up of 65 months, 26.2% (37 of 141) and 46.2% (66 of 143) of @entity1 developed @entity5 relapse in the CCRT and RT-alone groups, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates were 72.3% for the CCRT arm and 54.2% for the RT-only arm (P =.0022). The 5-year progression-free survival rates were 71.6% for the CCRT group compared with 53.0% for the RT-only group (P =.0012). Although significantly more @entity137 was noted in the CCRT arm, including @entity1431 and @entity391 , compliance with the combined treatment was good. The second cycle of concurrent chemotherapy was refused by nine @entity1 and was delayed for > or = 1 week for another nine @entity1 . There were no treatment-related deaths in either arm. CONCLUSION: We conclude that CCRT is superior to RT alone for @entity1 with advanced @entity189 in endemic areas.

title: Phase III study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for advanced XXXX : positive effect on overall and progression-free survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We assessed the intraoperative haemodynamic responses and recovery profiles of total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1937 and @entity680 for outpatient surgery. METHODS: @entity1 in Group 1 (n = 20) received @entity680 20 microg kg(-1) followed by 2 microg kg(-1) @entity1009 ) intravenously; @entity1 in Group 2 (n = 20) received @entity1937 1 microg kg(-1) followed by 0.5 microg kg(-1) @entity1009 ) intravenously. Both groups then received @entity1875 2 mg kg(-1) followed by 9 mg kg(-1) h(-1) intravenously. Five minutes after skin incision, infusion rates were decreased, and at the end of surgery, all infusions were discontinued. Early recovery was assessed by the Aldrete score, whereas intermediate recovery was assessed with the postanaesthetic discharge scoring system (PADS). RESULTS: Perioperative arterial pressure was similar in both groups; heart rate was lower in Group 2 (P < 0.05). The times to spontaneous and adequate respiration, response to verbal commands, extubation and times for Aldrete score > or = 9 were shorter in Group 2 @entity1 (P < 0.05). @entity158 scores were higher in Group 2 @entity1 (P < 0.05). Overall times for postanaesthetic discharge scores > or = 9 were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Early recovery of @entity1 after day surgery is significantly shorter after total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1937 compared with that with @entity680 but postoperative @entity158 management must be planned ahead.

title: @entity1937 versus XXXX in total intravenous anaesthesia for day case surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Young (4 week) spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) exhibit greater renal responses to @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) than normotensive @entity35 Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . SHR pups cross-fostering to a WKY dam at birth (SHRX) are less sensitive to @entity1808 and have lower adult blood pressure. The aim of this study was to compare renal renin-angiotensin system activity in young naturally reared and cross-fostered SHR pups. METHODS: SHR and WKY @entity35 were reared either by their natural mothers or by a foster mother of the opposite strain. At 5, 10, and 15 days of age, renal tissue renin activity and @entity1808 concentration were measured by radioimmunoassay. Renin-secreting cells were identified by in situ hybridization and @entity1129 (1) receptor expression was compared using Western blots. @entity1808 -mediated @entity268 generation was measured in isolated proximal tubules. CONCLUSIONS: Tissue renin activity and numbers of renin-secreting cells did not differ, but @entity1808 was higher in SHRX. The @entity1129 (1) receptor expression was significantly lower in SHRX compared with SHR. Basal and @entity1808 -stimulated @entity268 was lower in SHR tubules compared with WKY and SHRX tubules.Cross-fostering reversed the increased renal sensitivity of the SHR to @entity1808 . These data suggest that renal @entity1129 (1) receptor expression can be manipulated during the postnatal period and that this may affect adult blood pressure.

title: Renal renin-angiotensin system activity in naturally reared and cross-fostered spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: PURPOSE: To differentiate classic and cellular type of @entity12878 ( @entity12878 ) in MRI and to evaluate MRI for staging according to the Societe Internationale de Oncologie Pediatrique (SIOP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRI examinations of 20 @entity1 with @entity12878 (age 1st to 16th months, classic type n = 11, cellular type n = 7, mixed type n = 2) were analyzed retrospectively. Cysts, @entity39 , hemmorhage in the @entity5 , signal intensity, @entity5 structure, @entity715 and dilatation of renal vein, crossing of the body midline, peripheral contrast-enhancement, @entity5 volume and existence of a @entity5 pseudocapsule in contrast to the residual kidney were described. The radiologic stage was compared with the histopathologic stage (infiltration of perirenal fat and @entity8 ). RESULTS: Tumors of the classic type (mean volume 67.9 ml) had @entity39 in 1 case, crossed the midline in 1 case, had no cysts or @entity548 , and had a peripheral contrast-enhancement in 1 case, and were heterogeneous in 9 cases. The cellular type (mean volume 302.8 ml) had @entity5 @entity39 in 6 cases, @entity548 in 3 cases, cysts in 3 cases, crossed the midline in 4 cases, and peripheral contrast enhancement in 2 cases, and was predominantly heterogeneous. Mixed @entity5 types (7 ml and 202 ml) had @entity5 @entity39 in 1 case and crossed the midline in 1 case, a peripheral contrast enhancement in 2 cases and a homogenous structure in 1 case. The signal intensity in T1 w and T2 w images was not specific. The renal vein was inconspicuous in all @entity1 . The evaluation of the infiltration in perirenal fatty tissue was true positive in 1 case, true negative in 10 cases, false negative in 4 cases and false positive in 5 cases. The infiltration of the renal hilus was true positive in 10 @entity1 , false positive in 8 cases and true negative in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: A typical finding of @entity12878 in MRI is a heterogeneous @entity5 without demarcation from the rest of the kidney parenchyma by a pseudocapsule. The cellular type of @entity12878 tends to have a higher @entity5 volume and shows more @entity39 , @entity548 and cysts than the classic type in MRI. A peripheral contrast-enhancement in MRI is not characteristic for any type of @entity12878 . Local @entity5 staging is not possible with MRI.

title: [MRI-morphology and staging of XXXX : evaluation of a collection with 20 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['infiltration of the renal sinus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity12878 :: ('MESH:D018201', 'Disease') :: ['congenital mesoblastic nephroma', 'CMN']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity12878 :: (MESH:D018201,Disease) :: ['congenital mesoblastic nephroma']


abstract: This study was to assess the role of different components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on the mobilization of Cai++ induced by @entity1808 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from @entity101 (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) @entity35 . The effect of AII (10-6 M) on Cai++ release was studied in VSMC isolated from the aorta of 5-week-old WKY and SHR using fluorescent imaging microscopy ( @entity593 ). Cai++ mobilization was characterized by amplitude, slope of Cai++ increase and total amount of Cai++. Cells were cultured on glass coverslips (control) or coated with either collagen I, collagen IV, @entity4117 , fibronectin and extracellular matrix (ECM) and studied at confluence between passage 3 and 9. A significant increase of Cai++ released by AII has been observed with cells from WKY cultured on collagen I (meam +/- SEM, amplitude: 192 +/- 12% of control values, slope: 194 +/- 13%, total amount Cai++: 173 +/- 12%, n = 270, p < or = 0.0001 for each, unpaired t-test). Conversely, response with SHR was not significatively modified. Cai++ mobilization was not significatively modified after culture of VSMC from SHR and WKY on collagen IV. A significative decrease of the slope (WKY: 66 +/- 6%, p < or = 0.0001; SHR: 83 +/- 5%, p < or = 0.03) and of the amount of Cai++ (WKY: 74 +/- 7%, p < or = 0.01; SHR: 74 +/- 5%, p < or = 0.01) has been observed after culture of VSMC from the 2 strains on @entity4117 . A decrease in amplitude (53 +/- 3%, p < or = 0.0001), slope (38 +/- 4%, p < or = 0.0001) and Cai++ release (69 +/- 5%, p < or = 0.004, n = 106) has been observed in VSMC from SHR seeded on fibronectin. Conversely, in VSMC from WKY, Cai++ mobilisation has not been modified compared with control cells. Culture of VSMC from SHR on ECM induced a significative @entity393 (49 +/- 2%), slope (54 +/- 4%) and Cai++ release (53 +/- 3%, p < or = 0.0001 for each, n = 122), while in WKY, ECM induced a significative stimulation of these parameters (amplitude: 157 +/- 11%, slope: 149 +/- 13% and Cai++ release: 130 +/- 9%, p < or = 0.0001 for each, n = 247). These results show that the Cai++ mobilization induced by AII is modified by the adhesion of cells to different ECM components. This suggests a modulation of the A II-associated signalling events via the focal adhesion points. Furthermore, a difference in this modulation is observed between SHR and WKY when cells are seeded on collagen I, fibronectin or ECM. These modulations of Cai++ mobilization could play a role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of cells during the development of @entity101 .

title: [Cellular adhesion to elements of the extracellular matrix in the @entity101 @entity35 modulates the effect of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of amplitude']

answer: @entity1808 :: (24179(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: For evaluation of the natural history of @entity1653 , a cooperative retrospective study of 21 conservatively treated @entity1 is reported. METHODS: All @entity1 had @entity1653 that were observed for at least 4 years, with regular clinical and radiological control examinations. The follow-up periods ranged from 48 to 120 months (mean, 82 mo; median, 85 mo). Functional evaluations were performed by using the Karnofsky index. Individual growth curves and rates were defined. RESULTS: Age and sex distributions and presenting symptoms were comparable to those of other studies. During follow-up monitoring, radiological @entity5 growth was observed in 76% of the cases. With 63% of the growing @entity5 , there was functional deterioration. We performed statistical analyses of demographic features, radiological findings, and functional deterioration. Severe functional deterioration was observed to be statistically significantly associated with infratentorial growth and @entity851 . A change in the growth pattern often preceded functional deterioration. CONCLUSION: This study provides a better understanding of the natural course of @entity1653 . The growth patterns of these @entity5 are unpredictable and variable. The exact factors influencing growth remain unclear. This study can contribute to the optimization of individual management of these @entity5 .

title: Natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['petroclival meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['increased growth rates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['petroclival meningiomas']


abstract: Rotational mobility of the lipoyl domain of a number of @entity21640 dehydrogenase complexes was investigated by transient dichroism after the domain had been specifically labeled with the triplet probe @entity14453 . Complexes investigated included @entity2388 dehydrogenase complexes from @entity8220 , ox heart, and @entity526 (in which the E2 component had been genetically engineered to contain one lipoyl domain) and @entity15706 dehydrogenase complexes from ox heart and @entity526 . Measurements were also performed with ox heart @entity2388 dehydrogenase and @entity15706 dehydrogenase complexes specifically labeled on E1. @entity1547 were recorded in @entity653 -buffer solutions of varying viscosity and at different temperatures. For E2-labeled complexes, the decays were found to be multiexponential, and the fastest correlation time was considerably shorter than expected for tumbling of the whole complex. This fast correlation time was absent from E1-labeled complexes and was assigned to independent motion of the lipoyl domain. Plots of the fast correlation time against eta/T showed a surprisingly weak dependence on viscosity and extrapolated to a time of 30-40 microseconds at zero viscosity. To explain this result, a model is proposed in which the lipoyl domain is in equilibrium between "free" and bound states. The time of 30-40 microseconds is shown to correspond to 1/koff, where koff is the rate constant for dissociation of the domain from binding sites on the complex. This dissociation phenomenon only contributes to the anisotropy decay when the viscosity of the solution is sufficiently high to slow the tumbling of the whole complex to times that are long in comparison to 1/koff.

title: Rotational diffusion studies of the lipoyl domain of XXXX dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes.

entities_list: @entity8220 :: ('1422', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus stearothermophilus']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['2-oxoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Anisotropy decays']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity14453 :: ('MESH:C033531', 'Chemical') :: ['eosin-5-maleimide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity21640 :: (CHEBI:35910,Chemical) :: ['2-oxoacid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shoulder dislocations account for almost 50% of all @entity2720 , and are most commonly anterior (90-98%) and occur due to @entity130 . This prospective study was conducted to report our experiences of using the external rotation method (ERM) in the reduction of @entity2065 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 2006 and April 2007, ERM was applied to 31 @entity1 who presented with traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation to the Emergency Department of our Hospital which is a level 2 @entity130 centre. We evaluated the type of dislocation, the effectiveness of the procedure in achieving reduction, the need for premedication, the ease of performing the reduction, and complications, if any. RESULTS: Of the 31 @entity1 , 29 had a successful reduction. No premedication was required in 25 @entity1 who had a successful reduction, and the average time required for reduction in 25 was less than 2 min. Only five @entity1 reported severe @entity158 during the process of reduction. The method was not successful in two @entity1 in whom the reduction was achieved under @entity7908 . We experienced a success rate of 89% at the first attempt. None of the @entity1 encountered any complication. CONCLUSIONS: ERM for the reduction of @entity2065 is a safe and reliable method, mainly without requirement for any sedatives or opiate analgesics, that can be performed relatively painlessly for @entity2065 . As no single method has a 100% success rate, ERM is a useful one to know.

title: The external rotation method for reduction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint dislocations']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior shoulder dislocation', 'acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder', 'anterior shoulder dislocations']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['acute anterior shoulder dislocations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incontinence and @entity121 are important senior health issues. Nevertheless, there are no available domestic or international studies on the association between @entity322 and @entity121 . The aim of this study was to investigate the association between @entity121 and @entity322 in elderly Korean @entity1 . METHODS: Korean @entity1 (1,313) >= 65 years of age whose complete body composition data were collected using dual X-ray absorptiometry were analyzed from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys. Class I and II losses of the appendicular, truncal, and total muscle mass were defined using adjustments for weight and height. Each @entity1 's @entity322 status was collected using constructed questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the association between @entity121 and @entity322 . RESULTS: On the basis of physician-diagnosed @entity322 , weight- and height-adjusted @entity121 showed no association with @entity322 (weight-adjusted @entity121 : class I adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 1.73; class II aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.59 to 3.18; height-adjusted @entity121 : class I aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.18 to 1.51; class II aOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 0.22 to 15.79). Similar results were observed for truncal muscle and total muscle mass as well as self-reported @entity322 . CONCLUSION: Our study found no association between @entity322 and appendicular, truncal, and total @entity121 in elderly Korean @entity1 .

title: Association between Muscle Loss and Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Korean XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']