abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) for @entity2500 has been shown to reduce mortality and improve functional outcomes in young adults; however, there is currently debate regarding how routinely such surgery should be performed in the clinical setting, considering the very high rate of disability and functional @entity734 among survivors. We herein report the current status of the frequency of and indications for @entity5663 for @entity2500 in Japan. METHODS: We retrospectively studied of cohort cases of @entity5663 for @entity2500 treated at pivotal teaching neurosurgical departments in Japan between January 2011 and December 2011. Information was obtained regarding @entity1 characteristics, radiologic features, and outcomes during follow-up. The end points included 30-day mortality rate and functional outcomes, as measured according to the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) score at 3 months. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-five @entity1 underwent @entity5663 at 259 neurosurgical departments who replied to the survey, corresponding to a rate of 8.7% of the 4092 candidates with @entity2500 , the latter being equivalent to 8.5% of @entity1 with acute @entity63 stroke identified during the same period. Among the @entity1 undergoing @entity5663 , the mean age was 67.0 years, and those >= 60 years of age comprised 80.2% of all @entity5663 @entity1 . The most frequently used modality for vascular imaging was magnetic resonance angiography (77.2%). @entity5663 generally was performed between 24 and 48 hours after onset (38.9%), with 36.9% of @entity1 undergoing surgery at >= 48 hours. At the time of surgery, 26.1% of the @entity1 had a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of  <=6. Presurgical midbrain compression was noted in 52.1% of the @entity1 . The 30-day mortality after @entity5663 was 18.6%, and factors affecting @entity204 were a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of  <=6 (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.05-3.32, P = 0.03) and midbrain compression (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.31-4.09, P = 0.005). According to the multivariate analysis, only midbrain compression was an independent risk factor (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.16-3.95, P = 0.01) for 30-day mortality. Modified Rankin scale scores at 3 months were available in 175 @entity1 (49.3%), only 5.2% of whom exhibited a favorable functional outcome ( @entity2653 score  <=3). Meanwhile, 22.9% of the @entity1 had an @entity2653 score of 4, 26.9% had an @entity2653 score of 5, and 45.1% were found to have died. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, less than one-tenth of candidates with @entity2500 in Japan underwent decompressive surgery, and the vast majority of @entity1 were elderly. Age was not found to be an independent factor for immediate mortality in this study, and performing surgery in the elderly may be justified based on additional evidence of functional improvements.

title: Nationwide survey of decompressive hemicraniectomy for XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['mRS', 'modified Rankin scale']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['malignant MCA infarction', 'malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['Decompressive hemicraniectomy', 'DHC']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['malignant middle cerebral artery infarction']


abstract: Over a 5-year period (April 1989 to March 1994) @entity2259 caused by @entity5363 species was diagnosed in 15 @entity1 in a population of 1.3 million in three counties in Jutland province, Denmark. The incidence was 0.2/100,000/year and the ratio of blood to fecal isolates, was 0.008. @entity6920 and @entity5363 accounted for 6 cases each, @entity5874 for 2, and in 1 case the species diagnosis was uncertain. Seven @entity1 were males and 8 females; median age was 42 (range 15-90) years. 11 @entity1 had underlying disorders, including immunological, @entity455 . In a 67-year-old @entity1 a Starr-Edwards prosthesis of the aortic valve was probably infected by @entity5874 , as recurrent @entity2259 resolved following valve replacement. Eight @entity1 had @entity221 and @entity294 , whereas 7 had @entity221 with only slight intestinal discomfort or none at all. In 4 @entity1 the @entity2259 was associated with @entity2688 or @entity1333 . 14 of 15 @entity1 survived. @entity5363 @entity2259 seems to be more common in Denmark than hitherto thought.

title: A survey of @entity5363 XXXX in three Danish counties, 1989 to 1994.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic and vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity5874 :: ('196', 'Species') :: ['C. fetus', 'Campylobacter fetus']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter', 'Campylobacter jejuni']

entities_list: @entity6920 :: ('195', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter coli']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: Microglia are the intrinsic immune cells of the brain. As such, they are crucially involved in neuro-protection as well as @entity528 . Their activation leads to the induction of cytokine and chemokine release, the production of reactive @entity26 species and @entity842 and an increased outward @entity972 conductance. In this study, we focus our interest on @entity972 currents and channels in the @entity19 @entity19 microglial cell line and compare them with those of primary cultured microglia from neo-natal @entity19 . Using the whole cell patch-clamp technique, we have recorded prominent inward and outward rectifying voltage-dependent @entity972 currents but no @entity460 -activated @entity972 currents. Using pharmacological, biophysical and molecular approaches, we demonstrate that @entity2302 and @entity2303 channels underlie outward and inward rectifying @entity972 currents, respectively. In contrast to primary cultured microglia, we observe that an outward rectifying @entity972 current is already present in unstimulated @entity19 cells. However, as seen in primary microglia, this current increases after treatment with @entity558 , @entity60 , @entity641 and @entity2304 and is suppressed by treatment with protein kinase inhibitors. Our study indicates that the @entity19 cell line shows similar though not identical @entity972 channel properties compared to primary cultured microglia. We demonstrate that despite some differences, they are a useful tool to study @entity972 currents in microglial activation mechanisms by means of electrophysiological methods without the need for preparation of cells as primary culture.

title: Characterisation of K+ currents in the XXXX microglial cell line and their regulation by microglia activating stimuli.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-degeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['C8-B4']


abstract: Seventy eight @entity1 with @entity1007 from 4 major hospitals were studied with regard to their responses to an adjustable dose of @entity3413 , a @entity2453 reductase inhibitor. They were followed for up to 6 months with 4 sample points during the drug and 2 prior to therapy. The average dose was 10.2 mg/day (S.D. 5.5). Four were controlled on 5 mg and 4 needed 30 mg per day. Thirty seven per cent had elevated serum transaminases but none to greater than twice normal. Only a third of these showed elevation of transaminases during drug therapy alone. The mean total @entity165 (TC) was 304 mg/100 ml and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was 221 mg/100 ml. These fell 70 and 60 per cent respectively and over 90 per cent of the @entity1 reduced their TC and LDL more than the limits defined from previous long term monitoring of @entity1 (i.e. TC fell by more than 17% and LDL by 25%). High density lipoprotein, HDL, started off at 45 mg/100 ml and rose to an average of 115 per cent. @entity412 , TG, started off at 207 mg/100 ml and fell to about 86 per cent during @entity3413 . However, in terms of the proportion of @entity1 who responded greater than the limit previously determined (i.e. more than a 25% change for HDL and 45% for TG), only about 20 per cent significantly responded with elevation of HDL and 13 per cent dropped their TG. The response of TG was more marked at TG greater than 300 mg/100 ml.

title: Early response of hyperlipidemic subjects to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: A simple method for the rapid screening of hepatotoxic agents is described. Liver slice systems were prepared from @entity35 and @entity19 , and incubated in Krebs-Ringer-Hepes medium with different concentrations of the test compounds. Hepatotoxicity was monitored by determination of liver enzymes in the slice medium. Enzyme leakage was dose- and time-dependent. Histopathological changes in the hepatotoxin-treated slices were well correlated with the extent of enzyme leakage. Species differences in susceptibility to various hepatotoxins could be easily detected by this in vitro system: the dose- @entity137 curves revealed that the @entity19 is more vulnerable than the @entity35 to @entity1443 and @entity1483 . These findings are well correlated with those of in vivo experiments. A preliminary study showed that, in the same species, the relative @entity137 of various chemicals in the liver slice system were similar to those reported in vivo. In summary, these results on the tissue slice system are encouraging. However, much more work will have to be done before the system can be considered sufficiently well validated for routine use.

title: The liver slice system: A rapid in vitro acute XXXX test for primary screening of hepatotoxic agents.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ) is a @entity717 characterised by both motor and @entity1775 , accompanied by @entity12862 . Since Seignot discovered that administration of @entity1767 (HPL) was effective in treating @entity4676 , the etiology of this syndrome has been hypothesized as abnormal metabolism in neurotransmitters. We studied the clinical pictures on nine typical cases of @entity4676 and measured the @entity3829 , @entity5580 , and @entity5581 in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Diagnosis of @entity4676 were made of the nine cases (all males) by DSM-III-R. All cases had symptoms of either @entity12862 . Four cases had no history of treatment with neuroleptics (untreated group) and five cases were under treatment with HPL (treated group). CSF was obtained from each subject in the morning (between 9:00-9:30 a.m.), at rest with nothing by mouth since last night and it was rapidly frozen and stored at -80 degrees C. @entity3829 , the metabolite of @entity935 , @entity5580 , the metabolite of @entity1063 , and @entity5581 , the metabolite of @entity750 , were analyzed by HPLC. The same analyses were made in five males who were healthy volunteer controls (control group). Comparisons were made of the @entity3829 , @entity5580 and @entity5581 levels between the three groups (untreated, treated and control group). @entity3829 was 63.5 +/- 8.4 ng/ml in the untreated group, which was significantly higher than the 35.6 +/- 8.6 ng/ml in the controls (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in both @entity5580 and @entity5581 between the untreated and control group. No significant differences were found in @entity3829 or @entity5580 between the treated group and the controls. The treated group had significantly lower @entity5581 levels than the controls (p < 0.05). A significantly lower levels of CSF @entity3829 were found in the treated group than in the untreated group (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in @entity5580 or @entity5581 in the treated and untreated group. Assuming that the untreated group was most indicative of @entity4676 during the study, higher levels of @entity3829 may indicate dopaminergic @entity6392 .

title: [A study of clinical pictures and monoamine metabolism of Gilles de la XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1775 :: ('MESH:D020323', 'Disease') :: ['vocal (phonic) tics']

entities_list: @entity12862 :: ('MESH:D004454', 'Disease') :: ['coprolalia or echolalia', 'coprolalia and frequently echolalia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome', 'Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette syndrome']


abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard treatment of @entity5990 . Nevertheless, the incidence of conversion and injuries to the biliary tract is still high in difficult cholecystectomies. In this study we sought to determine how using operative risk predictive scores (PSs) and the Nassar scale to grade the difficulty of LC would optimize the perioperative management of complicated @entity5990 @entity1 . We also evaluated whether the "fundus-first" approach to LC combined with ultrasonic dissection minimizes the risk of conversion and @entity130 in difficult cholecystectomies, and avoids routine intraoperative cholangiography. A prospective non-randomized study was carried out from 2005 to 2007 including 237 @entity1 referred for @entity1085 . All @entity1 were evaluated using an operative risk PS. The LC grade of difficulty was assessed according to Nassar. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PS were calculated. LC in difficult cases was accomplished with a fundus-first approach. Outcome measures included: Conversion rate, @entity1157 ( @entity1157 ) @entity260 according to Clavien. In 178 out of 237 @entity1 , a higher risk of conversion and complication was predicted. In 146 out of these 178 cases, intra-operative grading confirmed the difficulty of the procedure. The PS diagnostic accuracy was 0.865, sensitivity was 100%, and specificity 65%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.82 and 1, respectively. Conversion rate was 2.7%. Mean operating time and postoperative length of hospital stay were 75 minutes and 3.5 days. Intra-operative cholangiography was necessary in five cases, and one intraoperative biliary complication occurred with an uneventful postoperative course. Overall, postoperative complications were 2.7% with a mortality rate of 0.68% (1 @entity583 ). Fundus-first LC by ultrasonic dissection is safe and minimizes the risk of conversion and biliary injuries in difficult cases. Difficult cholecystectomies may be predicted preoperatively; in these cases the fundus-first approach and ultrasound dissection may be advised.

title: Management of complicated XXXX : results of an alternative approach to difficult cholecystectomies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder diseases']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['injury rate, and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'gallstone']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['biliary injury']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstones']


abstract: Cell @entity204 plays an important role in host-pathogen interactions. Crystal proteins (toxins) are essential components of @entity11137 (Bt) biological pesticides because of their specific @entity137 against insects and @entity2199 . However, the mode of action by which crystal toxins to induce cell @entity204 is not completely understood. Here we show that crystal toxin triggers cell @entity204 by @entity39 signaling pathway using crystal toxin Cry6Aa- @entity2199 toxin-host interaction system, which involves an increase in concentrations of cytoplasmic @entity460 , lysosomal lyses, uptake of @entity2667 , and burst of @entity204 fluorescence. We find that a @entity39 pathway confers tolerance to Cry6Aa toxin. Intriguingly, the @entity39 pathway is specifically triggered by Cry6Aa, not by Cry5Ba, whose @entity3689 sequence is different from that of Cry6Aa. Furthermore, Cry6Aa-induced @entity39 pathway requires aspartic protease ( @entity11138 ). In addition, @entity11138 protects Cry6Aa from over-degradation in @entity2199 . This is the first demonstration that deficiency in @entity39 pathway confers tolerance to Bt crystal protein, and that Cry6A triggers @entity39 represents a newly added @entity39 paradigm in the @entity2199 . Understanding this model could lead to new strategies for @entity2199 control.

title: XXXX Crystal Protein Cry6Aa Triggers @entity2199 Necrosis Pathway Mediated by Aspartic Protease ( @entity11138 ).

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'deficiency in the necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity11137 :: (1428,Species) :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']


abstract: The authors have studied 42 @entity1 less than 1 month of age, who had @entity3041 due to @entity4145 . Most of them were detected by antenatal ultrasound. Bilateral forms were found in 13 @entity1 . Thus a total of 55 kidneys were involved. Three forms were distinguished. The benign forms (n = 15) were operated. The mild forms (n = 29) must be operated, but not in emergency. Immediate complications (n = 5) and failures (n = 4) are more frequent than in older @entity1 . The severe forms (n = 11) are characterized by renal mutation on IVU. In these forms, percutaneous nephrostomy confirms the diagnosis and shows the functional value of the kidney. Only 5 of these 11 @entity1 underwent nephrectomy.

title: Treatment of neonatal XXXX by malformation of the ureteropelvic junction: interest of percutaneous nephrostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether the Nidek @entity7454 microperimeter (NAVIS software Version 1.7; Nidek Technologies, Padua, Italy) can detect functional decline in progressive @entity66 with stable visual acuity. METHODS: Nine eyes of nine @entity1 with stable acuity but progressive inherited or age-related @entity66 evident on fundus autofluorescence imaging were reviewed. Each @entity1 underwent 3 consecutive microperimetry tests at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Acuity, fixation, and microperimetry tests were performed at each visit. Changes in acuity, fixation stability, and macular sensitivity were analyzed. To detect regional change in retinal sensitivity, the test grid was divided into clusters based on either topographical or functional features. The mean sensitivities within each zone were also compared across the three visits. RESULTS: In this cohort, there was no significant change in visual acuity, fixation stability, and macular sensitivity over 1 year. However, significant decline in mean sensitivity within the central macula and test loci adjacent to dense @entity1019 was found (P = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively). In contrast, mean sensitivity elsewhere remained stable. CONCLUSION: The @entity7454 can detect significant change in regional retinal sensitivity within 12 months in @entity1 with progressive @entity66 and stable acuity. Individualized analysis of regional sensitivity may be a useful method for quantifying microperimetry.

title: Nidek XXXX is able to detect subtle decline in function in inherited and age-related @entity66 with stable visual acuity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic macular disease']

answer: @entity7454 :: (10531,Gene) :: ['MP1']


abstract: @entity295 -induced @entity299 remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 suffered from severe @entity130 . Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) -based treatment has been verified as a promising approach to mitigate the @entity295 -induced @entity299 , but the mechanism is still ambiguous. Thus, our study was designed to explore the potential role of MSCs in @entity295 -induced @entity299 . In vivo bioluminescence imaging revealed 80% acute donor cell death of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) within 3 days after transplantation. However, echocardiography demonstrated that systolic function in wild-type @entity19 group were reduced after @entity295 , while the cardiac function was relatively well persevered in cardiac-conditional deletion of Raptor (component of @entity13407 complex) @entity19 group. Raptor KO group treated with BM-MSCs appeared better cardiac function than other groups (P<0.05). In vitro cell study revealed that co-culture of H9C2 (Raptor-Knock down) and BM-MSC could attenuate the level of proinflammatory cytokines and promote the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine accompanied by @entity15025 - @entity1994 activation (P<0.05). In contrast, co-culture H9C2 (Raptor-O.E) and BM-MSC could aggravate the inflammatory response accompanied by the activation of @entity13407 - @entity17740 and inhibition of @entity15025 - @entity1994 (P<0.05). The immunomodulatory property of MSC is related to the inhibition of @entity13407 - @entity17740 and activation of @entity15025 - @entity1994 signaling pathway. @entity13407 - @entity17740 and @entity15025 - @entity1994 pathways were involved in the therapeutic adjuncts of MSC. The possible mechanism due to MSC s immunomodulatory property through activation of @entity15025 - @entity1994 and inhibition of @entity13407 - @entity17740 signal pathways which may lead to modulate the expression of inflammation cytokines.

title: Mesenchymal stem cells in alleviating @entity295 -induced XXXX @entity299 via inhibition of @entity13407 - @entity17740 signal pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical features and natural course of paramedian @entity64 is poorly known. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of neurological, neuropsychological, and @entity25 after paramedian @entity64 . METHODS: Forty-six consecutive @entity1 , aged 48.4+/-16.6 years, were studied. Fourteen had bilateral, 16 left-sided, and 16 right-sided lesions. Assessment included neurological examinations, estimation of sleep needs, formal neuropsychological tests (n=27), and polysomnographies (n=31). Functional outcome was followed up over 1 year in 31 @entity1 with the modified Rankin Scale and Barthel index. RESULTS: Oculomotor palsy (76% of @entity1 ), mild @entity11583 (67%), @entity71 (63%), fluency and error control (59%), learning and memory (67%), and behavior (67%) were common in the acute @entity64 phase. Outcome was excellent with right-sided @entity1188 but mostly incomplete with bilateral and left-sided lesions. This was mainly related to persistent frontal lobe-related and @entity73 found in 100% bilateral and 90% left-sided, but only 33% right-sided @entity64 . Initially, @entity2147 was present in all @entity1 associated with increased stage 1 sleep, reduced stage 2 sleep, and reduced sleep spindles. Sleep needs improved in @entity1 with bilateral and almost disappeared with unilateral lesions after 1 year. Sleep architecture remained abnormal with the exception of sleep spindles that increased. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas @entity51 and @entity2147 recover to large extent in @entity1 with paramedian @entity64 , the frontal lobe-related and @entity73 , which are mainly linked with bilateral and left-sided lesions, often persist. As such, @entity64 outcome is better in right-sided than bilateral or left-sided @entity1188 .

title: Evolution of neurological, @entity25 after paramedian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'thalamic stroke']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-wake deficits']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficits of attention']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['gait ataxia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['thalamic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: The case of a @entity1 who developed elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR) values after concomitant administration of @entity1229 and @entity3866 is reported. SUMMARY: A 47-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with a history of @entity955 , @entity148 , and a 40-pack-year smoking history was diagnosed with advanced, moderately differentiated @entity2220 . Soon after being diagnosed with @entity1149 , @entity1229 was initiated for the treatment of a @entity1211 . The @entity1 's @entity1229 dosage was adjusted to reach a target INR of 2-3. His INR was relatively stable (2.1-3.2) for at least eight weeks before @entity3866 was added to the chemotherapy regimen. The @entity1 developed a well-disseminated @entity1910 and @entity294 soon after starting @entity3866 . Seven days after the initiation of @entity3866 therapy, the @entity1 's INR value increased from 2.8 to 5.3, with no concurrent changes in @entity1229 dosage, other medications, or diet. After withholding two doses of @entity1229 , the @entity1 's INR value increased to 9.1, and the @entity1 developed an elbow @entity1410 . His anticoagulation was rapidly reversed with the administration of subcutaneous @entity17105 . The @entity1 elected to discontinue @entity3866 nine days after its initiation. The next day, his INR value was 2.4. The @entity1 returned to the hematology-oncology clinic for follow-up two days later, where his INR was found to be 0.9. CONCLUSION: Concomitant administration of @entity3866 and @entity1229 resulted in an increase in INR values in a 47-year-old @entity1 with advanced @entity2 .

title: Elevated international normalized ratio associated with concomitant @entity1229 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17105 :: ('MESH:D010837', 'Chemical') :: ['phytonadione']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: Early @entity2085 is a major contributing factor to @entity291 @entity249 and that 70 to 80% of this loss occurs between d 8 and 16 postfertilization. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and the nature of genes involved in normal and abnormal embryonic development. Moreover, information is limited on the contributions of the genomes of dams and of embryos to the development and survival of preimplantation embryos. We hypothesized that proper gene expression level in the developing embryo is essential for embryo survival and pregnancy success. As such, the characterization of expression profiles in early embryos could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in normal and abnormal embryo development. To test this hypothesis, 2 d-8 embryo populations (degenerate embryos and blastocysts) that differed in morphology and developmental status were investigated. Expression levels of @entity11731 pathway genes were estimated in 4 sets of biological replicate pools of degenerate embryos and blastocysts. The @entity11732 and @entity11733 genes were found to be upregulated in degenerate embryos compared with blastocysts, whereas @entity11734 showed similar expression levels in both embryo groups. Analysis of splice variants of @entity11732 and @entity11733 revealed expression patterns different from the total expression values of these genes. As such, measuring expression of individual transcripts should be considered in gene expression studies.

title: Short communication: expression and alternative splicing of XXXX pathway genes in preimplantation @entity291 embryos.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryo loss']

answer: @entity11731 :: (282315(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['POU1F1']


abstract: Effects of @entity19053 (a gastric proton pump inhibitor) on @entity446 of experimental chronic @entity2275 induced in @entity35 were studied. @entity2275 were induced by the submucosal injection of 20% @entity1543 (0.03 ml) into the antral-oxyntic border of the anterior wall of male Donryu @entity35 (260-280 g). The @entity446 of @entity1543 @entity1066 was delayed by the daily subcutaneous administration of @entity3352 (1 mg/kg) for two or four weeks after @entity1066 . Aggravation of healed @entity1066 was evoked by subcutaneous administration of @entity3352 (1 mg/kg) once daily for four weeks to @entity35 with four-week-old @entity1066 . Oral administration of @entity19053 (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg) once daily for two or four weeks after @entity1066 dose-dependently accelerated both natural and delayed @entity446 of @entity1543 @entity1066 . When the period of administration was extended from two to four weeks, the ED50 values (the dose reducing the ulcerated area by 50%) were decreased from 36.5 to 13.5 mg/kg in natural @entity446 and from 76.0 to 23.0 mg/kg in delayed @entity446 . Aggravation of four-week-old @entity1066 by @entity3352 was significantly prevented by daily administration of @entity19053 (30 or 100 mg/kg) for four weeks. @entity1543 @entity1066 that were healed with @entity19053 given for four weeks after @entity1066 remained healed for four to eight weeks after the cessation of drug administration. A single administration of @entity19053 to normal @entity35 and repeated administration of @entity19053 to @entity35 with @entity1543 @entity1066 for four weeks after @entity1066 caused the same degree of inhibition of gastric acid secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity19053 , a gastric proton pump inhibitor, on XXXX of @entity1543 -induced @entity2275 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid', 'Acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'Gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity446 :: (MESH:C563468,Disease) :: ['healing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most useful criteria for diagnosis of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) are those proposed by the @entity855 -III from NCEP 2001, reviewed in 2005. Waist circumference is one of the criteria included in the @entity855 -III estimate. Given the high incidence of @entity301 attributable to this risk factor, it seems interesting to evaluate its performance as an isolated parameter for the screening of @entity209 among @entity1 with a variety of other prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, such as @entity101 . METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">case-control study. Cases were defined as @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity209 . Controls were those @entity1 with @entity101 and without @entity209 . SAMPLE: the entire population attended in a Primary Care area that had, unless one blood analysis performed between July first 2007 and December 31st 2007. SAMPLE size: 137 individuals were included (60 cases and 77 controls). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: test of logistical regression was used to estimate of the probability of suffering from @entity209 according to values of waist circumference. RESULTS: Probability of @entity209 among @entity101 @entity1 = 1/ (1+2,718281828-(-10+ (perimeter x 0,097))). Probability of @entity209 among female @entity101 @entity1 = 1/(1+2,718281828-(-10+ (perimeter x 0,099))). Probability of @entity209 among male @entity101 @entity1 = 1/(1 +2,718281828-(-10+ (perimeter x 0,105))). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity101 @entity1 , @entity209 can be predicted by means of a formula (calculator), which takes waist circumference as unique variable. This method can be used to better stratify @entity1 according to their cardiovascular risk and to identify those who need an early preventive intervention. We propose a table with the calculations already made.

title: [Abdominal girth utility as a method of metabolic syndrome screening in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Metabolic Syndrome']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Two bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from the forestomach of @entity7858 and @entity742 fed alfalfa. After the amplification using the universal 16S rRNA gene primers, equal quantities of PCR products from the same species were mixed and used to construct the two libraries. Sequence analysis showed that the 60 clones from @entity7858 were divided into 27 phylotypes with 25% clones affiliated with Eubacterium sp. F1. The 60 clones from @entity742 were divided into 21 phylotypes with 7 phylotypes affiliated with @entity8293 (40% clones). Clones closely related to @entity25283 , Eubacterium sp. F1, @entity25283 cellobioparum, Mogibacterium neglectum, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridiaceae bacterium WN011, @entity25283 coccoides, @entity25283 orbiscindens, Eubacterium sp. F1, Cytophaga sp. Dex80-37, Treponema bryantii and Pelotomaculum sp. FP were only found in the forestomach of @entity7858 , and those to Anaerovorax odorimutans, Treponema zioleckii, Bifidobacterium indicum, Paludibacter propionicigenes, Paraprevotella clara, Eubacterium siraeum, Desulfotomaculum sp. CYP1, @entity25283 bolteae, @entity25283 termitidis and Clostridiaceae bacterium DJF_LS40 only in the rumen of @entity742 . Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the forestomach of @entity7858 had significantly lower density of bacteria, with bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies (6.89 [Log10 (copies per gram of wet weight)]), than that of @entity742 (7.71, P<0.01). The two clone libraries also appeared different in Shannon index (library from @entity7858 3.30 and from @entity742 3.04). Our results showed that there were apparent differences in the bacterial diversity and abundance in the forestomach between @entity7858 and @entity742 .

title: Diversity and abundance of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in forestomach of @entity7858 ( XXXX ) and @entity742 ( @entity742 ).

entities_list: @entity25283 :: ('43305', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium proteoclasticum', 'Clostridium']

entities_list: @entity8293 :: ('839', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella ruminicola']

answer: @entity7858 :: (30538,Species) :: ['Lama pacos']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated early and long-term results of endovascular treatment of @entity432 and compared these outcomes with those in @entity1 treated for stenotic lesions. METHODS: During a 10-year period ending in January 2010, 223 endovascular procedures to treat @entity432 (PAD) were performed. All @entity1 were prospectively enrolled in a dedicated database. The intervention was performed for iliac occlusion in 109 @entity1 (group 1) and for @entity850 in 114 (group 2). Early results were analyzed and compared by      and Fisher exact tests. Follow-up consisted of clinical examination and duplex scanning at discharge,  <= 3 months, at 6 and 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Follow-up results were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS: The two groups had similar risk factors for @entity731 and comorbidities. @entity63 was more common in group 1 (20.5%) than in group 2 (8.5%; P = .01). Intraoperative technical details were similar, except for a higher percentage of brachial and contralateral femoral access and more frequent use of @entity5648 stents in group 1. Two immediate technical failures occurred, one in both groups, requiring immediate conversion to surgical bypass. Four intraoperative @entity397 occurred, two in each group; all were successfully treated with covered stents. An additional 10 immediate complications occurred (8 in group 1; 2 in group 2), one of which required conversion to open surgical bypass. The cumulative rate of perioperative complications was 9% in group 1 and 3.5% in group 2 (P = .08). Primary patency at 30 days was 97.3% and 98.7%, respectively. Mean duration of follow-up was 28.4 months; 203 @entity1 (91%) had a regular postoperative follow-up visit. At 60 months, primary patency in group 1 vs group 2 was 82.4% vs 77.7% (P = .9), assisted primary patency was 90.6% vs 85.5% (P = .4), and estimated secondary patency was 93.1% vs 92.8% (P = .3). The cumulative rate of reintervention during follow-up (excluding reinterventions performed in the perioperative period) was 2.5% in group 1 and 12.5% in group 2 at 60 months (P = .09). Univariate analysis in group 1 failed to find any of the examined risk factors significantly affected long-term primary patency rates. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, endovascular treatment of @entity432 provides excellent early and long-term results, similar to those obtained in the treatment of stenotic lesions.

title: Early and long-term comparison of endovascular treatment of XXXX and @entity850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['iliac ruptures']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac occlusive disease', 'iliac occlusions', 'iliac artery occlusions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['iliac stenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['iliac artery occlusions']


abstract: @entity6 is associated with increased @entity174 risk in adults and adolescents. We find in both adolescent and adult @entity19 dramatically inferior mechanical properties and structural quality of cortical bone, in agreement with the @entity1 @entity174 data, although some aspects of the response to @entity28 appear to differ by age. INTRODUCTION: The association of @entity28 with bone is complex and varies with age. @entity6 adolescents and adult @entity1 have increased @entity174 risk. Prior studies have shown reduced mechanical properties as a result of high-fat diet (HFD) but do not fully address size-independent mechanical properties or structural quality, which are important to understand material behavior. METHODS: Cortical bone from femurs and tibiae from two age groups of C57BL/6 @entity19 fed either HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) were evaluated for structural and bone turnover changes (SEM and histomorphometry) and tested for bending strength, bending stiffness, and @entity174 toughness. Leptin, @entity7424 , and non-enzymatic glycation measurements were also collected. RESULTS: In both young and adult @entity19 fed on HFD, femoral strength, stiffness, and toughness are all dramatically lower than controls. Inferior lamellar and osteocyte alignment also point to reduced structural quality in both age groups. Bone size was largely unaffected by HFD, although there was a shift from increasing bone size in @entity28 adolescents to decreasing in adults. @entity7424 levels were lower in young @entity28 @entity19 only. CONCLUSIONS: While the response to @entity28 of @entity19 cortical bone mass, bone formation, and hormonal changes appear to differ by age, the bone mechanical properties for young and adult groups are similar. In agreement with @entity1 @entity174 trends, adult @entity19 may be similarly susceptible to bone @entity174 to the young group, although cortical bone in the two age groups responds to @entity6 differently.

title: Changes in cortical bone response to high-fat diet from adolescence to adulthood in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic obesity', 'diabetic obesity', 'Diabetic obese']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity390 and @entity391 are often observed as side effects with many medicines and may lead to poor treatment compliance. In the present study, we aimed to establish simple methods for predicting @entity390 and/or @entity391 in @entity19 , which do not vomit, using drugs and chemicals known to evoke @entity390 and/or @entity391 . The gastrointestinal transit test, the liquid gastric emptying by @entity3971 red solution ( @entity3971 red method) and the solid gastric emptying by resin beads (Beads method) were used and the effects of antispasmogenics ( @entity3897 , 0.1-3 mg/kg i. @entity3972 calcitonin, 1-30 units/kg i.m.), nauseants ( @entity3973 , 1-30 mg/kg p.o.; @entity3826 , 0.01-0.3 mg/kg s.c.) and chemotherapeutics ( @entity900 , 0.3-10 mg/kg i.v.; @entity632 , 0.3-10 mg/kg i.v.) were evaluated. In addition, the effects of @entity3974 , a @entity750 ( @entity750 )(3) receptor antagonist, on the inhibition of solid gastric emptying induced by salmon calcitonin, @entity3973 , @entity900 and @entity632 were also assessed. Only the solid gastric emptying method could detect changes of gastric emptying by all drugs and chemicals. We also found that the inhibition of solid gastric emptying induced by @entity900 and @entity632 was dose-dependently antagonized by @entity3974 . However, @entity3974 failed to antagonize the salmon calcitonin-induced delay, but exerted only very weak effects with @entity3973 . Solid gastric emptying may be more suitable than gastrointestinal intestinal transit or liquid gastric emptying in @entity19 to predict @entity390 and/or @entity391 . Our results also suggest that chemotherapeutic-induced delay of solid gastric emptying mediated via @entity750 (3) receptors in @entity19 could also be useful for prediction purposes.

title: Solid gastric emptying mediated by the XXXX ( @entity750 )3 receptor in @entity19 is a simple marker to predict @entity391 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3973 :: ('MESH:D019327', 'Chemical') :: ['copper sulfate']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3971 :: ('MESH:D019800', 'Chemical') :: ['phenol', 'Phenol']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intubation is a risk factor for nosocomial @entity1244 in adult intensive care @entity1 . @entity1244 in intubated adults can be an occult cause of @entity221 . In @entity1 , nasal intubation may increase the risk of @entity1244 . No pediatric study has determined the frequency of nosocomial @entity1244 in the pediatric intensive care unit setting. We hypothesized that within a subset of @entity1 who had head computed tomography imaging 1) the incidental frequency of @entity1244 in pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 exceeds the frequency in non-pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 , 2) the frequency of @entity1244 is greater in pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 with a tube (nasotracheal, nasogastric, orotracheal, or orogastric) compared to those without a tube, and 3) nasal tubes confer an increased risk for @entity1244 over oral tubes. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Independent not-for-profit pediatric healthcare system. @entity1 : Pediatric intensive care unit and non-pediatric intensive care unit (inpatients hospitalized on medical-surgical wards) @entity1 referred for head computed tomography. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Computed tomography images were scored using the Lund-MacKay staging system. @entity1244 was defined as a Lund-MacKay score >= 5. A total of 596 @entity1 were studied, 395 (66.3%) in the pediatric intensive care unit. A total of 154 (44.3%) pediatric intensive care unit vs. 54 (26.9%) non-pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 had @entity1244 (p < .001). A total of 102 of 147 (69.4%) pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 with a tube present had @entity1244 vs. 73 of 248 (29.4%) @entity1 without a tube present (p < .001). There was no difference in @entity1244 based on tube location (p = .472). Of @entity1 with @entity1244 , 51.3% (81 of 158) compared to 39.4% (89 of 226) were febrile within 48 hrs of imaging (p = .021). A younger age or the presence of a tube increased the probability of @entity1244 (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A total of 44.3% of our pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 imaged for reasons other than evaluation for @entity50 had evidence of @entity1244 , and 51.3% of these had @entity221 . These findings raise the concern that @entity1244 in pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 is common and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity221 in pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 .

title: Incidental XXXX in a pediatric intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis', 'Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus disease']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected bone stress injuries in the pelvis, hip, thigh, and knee in a large cohort of Finnish conscripts during a follow-up of 102,515 @entity1 -years. METHODS: An epidemiologic prospective cohort study of 152,095 conscripts, including 2345 (1.5%) females, was conducted. Localized @entity158 in the pelvis, hip, thigh, or knee resulted in an orthopedic surgeon's consultation and subsequent MRI examination at the Central Military Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Risk factors were systematically collected from 1998 to 2004, including data on conscripts' physical fitness and body composition measured at the beginning of their military service. RESULTS: Altogether, 319 MRI-detected bone stress injuries of the pelvis, hip, thigh, or knee were identified in our cohort; thus, the incidence was 311 (95% CI: 277-345) per 100,000 @entity1 -years. The female:male ratio varied substantially, depending on the anatomic location of the injury; it was highest for sacral injuries (female:male ratio = 51.1) and lowest for injuries of the femoral condyle (female:male ratio = 0.8). In univariate Cox regression analysis, poor muscle strength and a poor result in a 12-min run were significantly associated with bone stress injuries. In multivariable analysis, the strongest risk factors for bone stress injuries were female gender (hazard ratio 8.2; 95% CI: 4.8-14.2) and higher age (hazard ratio 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.1). CONCLUSIONS: Female military trainees have a highly increased risk of bone stress injuries of the pelvis and hip compared with male conscripts. @entity1642 are typical bone stress injuries in female military recruits. Physicians should remember the possibility of @entity79 , especially when examining stress-related @entity158 symptoms of the pelvic area in physically active young adult females.

title: Risk factors for bone stress injuries: a follow-up study of 102,515 XXXX -years.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone stress injury']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Sacral stress fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['person']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) is an effective intervention to reduce plantar pressure in @entity1 with @entity6 and a plantar forefoot @entity1066 . The walls of the @entity6029 have been indirectly shown to bear approximately 30  % of the plantar load. A new direct method to measure inside the @entity6029 walls with capacitance sensors has shown that the anterodistal and posterolateral-distal regions of the lower leg bear the highest load. The objective of this study was to directly measure these two regions in @entity1 with @entity6 and a plantar forefoot @entity1066 to further understand the mechanism of pressure reduction in the @entity6029 . METHODS: A @entity6029 was applied to 17 @entity1 with @entity6 and a plantar forefoot @entity1066 . @entity6029 wall load (contact area, peak pressure and max force) at the anterodistal and posterolateral-distal regions of the lower leg were evaluated with two capacitance sensor strips measuring 90 cm(2) (pliance  , novel GmbH, Germany). Plantar load (contact area, peak pressure and max force) was measured with a capacitance sensor insole (pedar  , novel GmbH, Germany) placed inside the @entity6029 . Both pedar   and pliance   collected data simultaneously at a sampling rate of 50Hz synchronised to heel strike. The magnitude of @entity6029 wall load as a proportion of plantar load was calculated. The @entity6029 walls were then removed to determine the differences in plantar loading between the @entity6029 and the cut down shoe-cast for the whole foot, rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot (region of interest). RESULTS: @entity6029 wall load was substantial. The anterodistal lower leg recorded 48  % and the posterolateral-distal lower leg recorded 34  % of plantar contact area. The anterodistal lower leg recorded 28  % and the posterolateral-distal lower leg recorded 12  % of plantar peak pressure. The anterodistal lower leg recorded 12  % and the posterolateral-distal lower leg recorded 4  % of plantar max force. There were significant differences in plantar load between the @entity6029 and the cut down shoe-cast for the whole foot, rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot (region of @entity1066 ). Contact area significantly increased by 5  % beneath the whole foot, 8  % at the midfoot and 6  % at the forefoot in the shoe-cast (p   <   0.05). Peak pressure significantly increased by 8  % beneath the midfoot and 13  % at the forefoot in the shoe-cast (p   <   0.05). Max force significantly increased 6  % beneath the midfoot in the (shoe-cast p   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity6 and a plantar forefoot @entity1066 , the walls of the @entity6029 bear considerable load. @entity146 area in the @entity6029 compared to the shoe-cast suggests that the foot is suspended by the considerable load bearing capacity of the walls of the @entity6029 which contributes mechanically to the pressure reduction and redistribution properties of the @entity6029 .

title: Total contact cast wall load in XXXX with a plantar forefoot @entity1066 and @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Reduced plantar contact']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['total contact cast', 'TCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity932 ( @entity932 ) is a major determinant of @entity385 in Asians. We determined the clinical significance of different risk factors and the role of @entity932 in Taiwanese @entity1 with varied distributions of cervicocerebral @entity850 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Presence of extracranial @entity543 (ECS, >= 70%) and @entity932 (>50%) was examined in 13 539 @entity1 using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography, respectively. Seven hundred thirty-three @entity1 with non-ECS/ @entity932 (n=372), @entity932 (n=112), isolated ECS (n=121), or combined ECS/ @entity932 (CEIS, n=128) were selected. Prevalence of @entity385 in each group was compared, and risk factors for @entity850 were determined. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each risk factor was calculated. Prevalence of @entity385 was highest in @entity1 with CEIS (odds ratio 15.86; P<0.001), followed in decreasing order by those with @entity932 (odds ratio 7.16; P<0.001), isolated ECS (odds ratio 1.77; P=0.011), and non-ECS/ @entity932 . Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity101 , @entity453 , and smoking were risk factors for isolated ECS; @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity453 , and smoking were risk factors for @entity932 ; and @entity6 , @entity453 , and smoking were risk factors for CEIS. Smoking, @entity6 , and @entity453 were the greatest contributors to CEIS, @entity932 , and isolated ECS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CEIS was associated with higher odds of @entity385 compared with @entity932 and isolated ECS. Smoking and @entity6 , major determinants of CEIS and @entity932 , should be targeted in therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of @entity385 .

title: Risk Factor Stratification for Intracranial @entity850 in Taiwanese @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial stenosis', 'isolated ICS', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Cervicocerebral Stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of implantation of the Visian Implantable Collamer Lens phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) (spherical and toric models) for management of @entity4457 due to anisometropic @entity3467 and @entity1714 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary care eye specialty hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Eyes of @entity1 who underwent the implantation of the pIOL for refractory anisometropic @entity4457 were identified. None of the @entity1 were compliant with spectacle/contact lens correction. Preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluation included visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, slitlamp microscopy, intraocular pressure, orthoptic evaluation, anterior chamber depth, and ICL vault. RESULTS: A total of 11 eyes (9 myopic, 2 hyperopic) of 11 @entity1 aged 5 to 15 years were identified. Of the 9 @entity735 , 6 eyes received spherical ICLs and 3 received toric ICLs. Both @entity735 received spherical ICLs. Preoperatively, the mean cycloplegic refractive spherical equivalent (CRSE) was -11.07 D (range -7.75 to -21.88 D) in @entity735 , and +8.75 D (range +8.63 to +8.87 D) in @entity735 . The mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/171 (range 20/40 to 20/400) in @entity735 , and 20/130 (range 20/60 to 20/200) in @entity735 . At a mean follow-up of 16.8 months (in @entity735 ), the mean CRSE was -1.40 D (range 0 to -2.25 D), and mean CDVA was 20/51 (range 20/20 to 20/100). In @entity735 , at a mean follow-up of 15 months, the mean CRSE was +1.82 D (range +1.75 to +1.88 D) and the CDVA had improved to 20/25 in both eyes. Although complications occurred in the 2 @entity735 , the complications were either temporary or visually insignificant and did not necessitate reoperation or ICL explantation. CONCLUSION: ICL implantation may be considered a safe and effective treatment option for refractory @entity4457 due to anisometropic @entity3467 or @entity1714 in @entity1 who are noncompliant with conventional therapy. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors have no financial or proprietary interest in a product, method, or material described herein.

title: Implantation of spherical and toric copolymer phackic intraocular lens to manage XXXX due to anisometropic @entity3467 and @entity1714 in pediatric @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes', 'hyperopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1223 (CO) @entity4968 can cause tissue injury. Neutrophil granulocytes have been proposed to contribute to the injury, which may be ameliorated by hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO2) treatment. We sought to assess the relationship between @entity5499 and blood neutrophil count, plasma cytokine, and @entity701 responses, as well as the mechanism behind the observed beneficiary effects of HBO2 treatment. METHODS: Eight @entity1 (age 26-82 years) with severe @entity5499 were enrolled, concomitant with eight healthy controls (age 27-42 years), in a prospective, controlled, clinical study. The @entity1 were given three HBO2 treatments (2.8 atmospheres absolute, 100 minutes) within the first 24 hours. The controls were given identical simultaneous HBO2 treatments. Venous blood samples were taken before and after each treatment. RESULTS: At the start of the HBO2 treatment, @entity1 displayed significantly higher blood neutrophil counts (p < .0001) and plasma @entity701 levels (p = .020) than controls, but the two groups had similar values for @entity687 , @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), neutrophil @entity274 generation, and @entity4071 and @entity1454 surface expression. During the observation time, neutrophil @entity274 accumulation declined in @entity1 and in controls (p = .031), whereas the up-regulation of @entity1454 expression increased (p = .002) in both groups. Moreover, @entity1261 levels became significantly higher in @entity1 than in controls (p = .015). @entity1261 levels also correlated significantly with neutrophil counts. CONCLUSION: CO @entity4968 was associated with discrete changes of blood neutrophil counts, @entity701 , and @entity1261 plasma concentrations. HBO2 treatment modulated neutrophil generation of @entity274 and surface expression of @entity1454 . These changes may be part of the cascade of events leading to the sequelae of CO @entity4968 and their attenuation by HBO2.

title: Effects of @entity1223 @entity4968 on neutrophil responses in @entity1 treated with hyperbaric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity5499 :: ('MESH:D002249', 'Disease') :: ['acute CO poisoning']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because no adequate randomized trials have compared active treatment modalities for @entity263 , the authors analyzed risk-adjusted, @entity5 -specific mortality outcomes among @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy, @entity1 who received external-beam radiation therapy, and @entity1 who received primary @entity342 -deprivation therapy. METHODS: The Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) registry comprises @entity1 from 40 urologic practice sites who are followed prospectively under uniform protocols, regardless of treatment. In the current study, 7538 @entity1 with localized disease were analyzed. @entity263 risk was assessed using the Kattan preoperative nomogram and the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score, both well validated instruments that are calculated from clinical data at the time of diagnosis. A parametric survival model was constructed to compare outcomes across treatments adjusting for risk and age. RESULTS: In total, 266 @entity1 died of @entity263 during follow-up. Adjusting for age and risk, the hazard ratio for @entity5 -specific mortality relative to prostatectomy was 2.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-3.24) for radiation therapy and 3.22 (95% CI, 2.16-4.81) for @entity342 deprivation. Absolute differences between prostatectomy and radiation therapy were small for @entity1 at low risk but increased substantially for @entity1 at intermediate and high risk. These results were robust to a variety of different analytic techniques, including competing risks regression analysis, adjustment by CAPRA score rather than Kattan score, and examination of overall survival as the endpoint. CONCLUSIONS: Prostatectomy for @entity263 was associated with a significant and substantial reduction in mortality relative to radiation therapy and @entity342 -deprivation monotherapy. Although this was not a randomized study, given the multiple adjustments and sensitivity analyses, it is unlikely that unmeasured confounding would account for the large observed differences in survival.

title: Comparative risk-adjusted mortality outcomes after primary surgery, radiotherapy, or @entity342 -deprivation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity625 Self-Efficacy Scale-8 (ASES-8) is a valid tool to measure @entity1 ' @entity625 -specific self-efficacy. However, evidence about reliability and validity of the ASES-8 in Chinese @entity625 @entity1 is lacking. This study aimed to culturally adapt and test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the ASES-8. Chinese ASES-8 was translated from original English version using translation and back-translation procedures. Validation survey was then conducted in a university-affiliated hospital by a set of questionnaires comprised Chinese ASES-8, @entity158 -VAS, The Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS), Functional Assessment of @entity102 Therapy Fatigue (FACIT-F), and Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) physical functioning subscale. A convenience sample of 134 @entity1 with @entity309 was recruited from the department of rheumatology. Validity was assessed by Pearson's correlation analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory factor analysis extracted one dimension that explained of the 71.35% variation. Significant negative correlations were found between the ASES-8 and @entity158 -VAS, HADS-D, HADS-A scores (r -0.487 to -0.656, p   <   0.01), while positive correlations were found between the ASES-8 and SF-36 PH (r   =   0.561, p   <   0.01), FACIT-F (r   =   0.660, p   <   0.01). Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC   =   0.98) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha   =   0.942) were demonstrated. The Chinese version of the ASES-8 had statistically acceptable levels of reliability and validity for assessing self-efficacy in @entity1 with @entity309 . This disease-specific scale is particularly valuable for use among @entity1 with @entity309 from the Chinese population.

title: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of XXXX Self-Efficacy Scale-8 (ASES-8) in a @entity309 population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Illness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']


abstract: @entity10306 , a messenger-independent @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase, has been implicated in cell growth. Androgenic stimulus in @entity35 prostate modulates its association with @entity10307 ( @entity10307 ) and chromatin. Because the growth of @entity1 @entity263 cells is influenced by @entity3800 and/or growth factors, we determined the nature of CK2 signaling in the @entity10307 in response to @entity342 and growth factor stimuli. @entity342 -sensitive LNCaP and @entity342 -insensitive PC-3 cells were cultured in media to regulate their growth in the presence of @entity586 ( @entity586 ) or growth factors (epidermal growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, and @entity310 ). The activity of CK2 was measured in the cytosolic and @entity10307 fractions isolated from these cells after treatment with growth stimuli. The changes in CK2 in various fractions were also confirmed by immunoblotting with a specific antibody. LNCaP cells responded to both @entity586 and growth factors for growth. The presence of these agents in the culture medium evoked a translocation of CK2 to the @entity10307 from the cytosol. The PC-3 cells did not respond to @entity586 for growth but did respond to growth factors. Under these conditions, there was also a translocation of CK2 to the @entity10307 concomitant with a decrease in the cytosolic fraction. These results suggest that CK2 translocation to the @entity10307 occurs in response to various growth stimuli in cells in culture. Thus, CK2 is a common downstream signal transducer in response to diverse growth stimuli that may relate to the pathobiology of @entity263 cells.

title: Nuclear matrix targeting of the XXXX signal as a common downstream response to @entity342 or growth factor stimulation of @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-DHT', '5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity10307 :: ('MESH:C564596', 'Disease') :: ['NM', 'nuclear matrix']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity10306 :: (1457,Gene) :: ['protein kinase CK2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the measurement properties of the @entity1118 Acceptance Questionnaire Revised (CPAQ-R) and its subscales with @entity1 with @entity626 using Rasch analysis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire study. @entity1 : A total of 176 @entity1 with radiographic evidence of @entity571 of the knee, as identified by a Kellgren-Lawrence grade >=    2, and @entity158 on most days for at least the past month. METHODS: @entity1 completed the CPAQ-R at home within a set of measures covering different aspects of @entity158 . The questionnaires were returned by pre-paid envelope. Rasch analysis was conducted on the Activity Engagement and @entity158 subscales and the Total scale using Rasch Unidimensional Measurement Models (RUMM2020). RESULTS: The Activity Engagement and @entity158 subscales fit the Rasch model following minimal changes, including re-scoring and removal of item 14 due to misfit. Both subscales passed tests of unidimensionality. Although the Total scale could be adjusted to yield adequate fit statistics, it demonstrated multidimensionality. CONCLUSION: The Activity Engagement and @entity158 subscales have good measurement properties for 2 distinct factors relevant to @entity158 acceptance. CPAQ-R is a valid measurement tool that may help target and evaluate response to treatments that address low activity engagement and @entity158 willingness in @entity1 with @entity571 .

title: Rasch analysis of the @entity1118 Acceptance Questionnaire Revised in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis pain', 'Pain Willingness', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Pain']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The alpha 6-containing integrin was suggested to be involved in the process of @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the expression and function of this adhesion receptor in @entity3123 . METHODS: Integrin expression was investigated in pancreatic tissue and @entity5 cell lines using immunohistochemistry. Radioimmunoprecipitation was used to determine the complex composition of alpha 6. To analyze the function of the alpha 6-containing integrin in @entity788 , in vitro adhesion, migration, and invasion experiments were performed. RESULTS: The alpha 6-containing integrin was differentially expressed in normal pancreas and @entity3123 . Immunoprecipitation of different @entity3123 cell lines showed that alpha 6 was expressed together with the beta 4 subunit as alpha 6 beta 4 complex. However, adhesion of @entity788 cells to laminin could be inhibited with anti-alpha 6 and anti- @entity2393 antibodies but not by anti-beta 4 integrin antibody. Migration of the cells through laminin was almost completely inhibited by anti- @entity8652 antibody but not by other anti-integrin antibodies. @entity5 cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane was only slightly inhibited by anti-alpha 6 antibody. In contrast, a marked inhibition was observed using anti- @entity8652 antibodies, anti-alpha 2-anti-alpha 5 antibodies, and RGDS. CONCLUSIONS: The alpha 6-containing integrin is a laminin adhesion receptor in @entity3123 cells, possibly involved in @entity5 invasion through the basement membrane.

title: The alpha 6-integrin receptor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate numbers and function of @entity2902 (+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that lack @entity6977 receptor ( @entity6978 ) expression in @entity309 . METHODS: Numbers of CD4 T cells expressing either @entity2902 or @entity6978 , and those co-expressing or lacking both @entity2902 and @entity6978 were assessed in peripheral blood (PB) of @entity309 @entity1 and healthy controls, and in paired samples of SF and PB from @entity309 @entity1 . All T-cell subsets were analysed for @entity403 expression. The anergic state and the capacity to suppress @entity6978 (+) proliferating responder T cells were determined. RESULTS: Numbers of @entity6978 (-) T cells and @entity2902 (+) Tregs in PB of @entity309 @entity1 were not different from controls but significantly increased in SF compared with PB. @entity2902 (+) and @entity6978 (-) T cells showed comparable @entity403 expression. @entity6978 (+) T cells hardly expressed @entity403 . PB @entity2902 (+) @entity6978 (-) T cells identified a subset that consisted for 75% of @entity403 (+) cells. SF @entity2902 (+) @entity6978 (-) T-cell number was increased; however, in SF fewer of these cells were @entity403 (+). @entity2902 (+) @entity6978 (-) T cells were anergic, and in controls potent suppressors of @entity6978 (+) proliferating T cells, but in @entity309 @entity1 these cells showed impaired suppression. In line with this, @entity6977 had an increased capacity to activate total CD4 T cells from SF as compared with PB despite increased numbers of @entity2902 (+) @entity6978 (-) in SF. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate improved identification of @entity403 (+) T cells in @entity309 @entity1 by the absence of @entity6978 in addition to @entity2902 expression. Increased numbers of @entity2902 (+) @entity6978 (-) T cells are found in inflamed @entity309 , but they have an impaired suppressive function, which could contribute to the persistent @entity625 in these @entity1 .

title: Numbers of @entity2902 + @entity403 + T cells that lack the @entity6977 receptor are increased intra-articularly and have impaired suppressive function in @entity309 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression of NGF, @entity2252 , @entity14840 mRNA in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). Meanwhile, to analysis whether the expression of NGF, @entity2252 , @entity14840 mRNA correlate with the severity of @entity2490 . METHOD: This study is a group controlled trial, which takes the healthy adults as control group. The total RNA have been extracted from the peripheral blood of @entity2023 @entity1 . The expression of NGF, @entity2252 and @entity14840 mRNA have been tested by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. RESULT: Comparing with the healthy adults, the expression of NGF, @entity2252 and @entity14840 mRNA as 2(-deltadeltaCt) are 2.436 8, 4.4588 and 1.781 8 respectively. The increasing expression of @entity14840 correlated positively with the scores of visual analog scale. CONCLUSION: The expression of NGF, @entity2252 and @entity14840 mRNA are as high as 2.4368, 4.4588 and 1.7818 times to healthy adults. We propose NGF, @entity2252 and @entity14840 may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity2023 . @entity14840 could reflect the severity of @entity2490 as a molecular biological index.

title: [Increase expression of neurotrophins mRNA in peripheral blood of @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A large number of @entity1 with @entity453 that is not suitable for revascularization and is refractory to conventional medical therapy. Laboratory and preclinical studies have provided evidence for the safety and potential efficacy of autologous @entity2280 + stem cell therapies as treatment for @entity951 . Clinical studies investigating intramyocardial transplantation of autologous @entity2280 + stem cells by catheter injection for @entity1 with @entity951 that this is safe and feasible. It remains unclear whether intracoronary infusion of @entity2280 + stem cells exerts beneficial effects in @entity1 with @entity951 as well. We addressed this question with a controlled clinical trial by enrolling 112 @entity1 with @entity951 . Previous trials have investigated the safety and beneficial effects of @entity2280 + cells isolated from @entity1261 -mobilized peripheral blood; in our trial, we isolated @entity2280 + cells directly from the @entity1 's bone marrow. METHODS: One hundred and twelve @entity1 with diffuse @entity66 and @entity65 Society class III or IV @entity951 were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled study. @entity1 received optimal medical treatment but were not candidates for mechanical revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting). Fifty-six @entity1 (27 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 aged 42-80 years) were enrolled in the treatment group, and 56 @entity1 (28 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 aged 43-80 years) who received optimal medical treatment and intracoronary saline injections were enrolled in the placebo control group. Bone marrow was collected from all enrolled @entity1 at a volume of 120-150 ml each in both groups. Selections of @entity2280 + cells were performed by a CE-marked device approved by the Security, Food and Drug Administration of China. Coronary angiography had been performed before enrollment in this study. RESULTS: No @entity583 was observed during intracoronary infusion. The intracoronary infusion of cells or saline did not result in cardiac enzyme elevation, @entity299 or pericardial effusion. No @entity943 , such as @entity1165 or @entity2224 , was induced by intracoronary infusion. No serious adverse events occurred in either group. The reduction in the frequency of @entity951 episodes per week 3 and 6 months after infusion was significantly higher in the treatment group (-14.6    4.8 at 3 months and -15.6    4.0 at 6 months) than in the control group (-4.5    0.3 and -3.0    1.2, respectively; p < 0.01). Other efficacy parameters such as @entity12118 usage, exercise time and the @entity65 Society class also showed an improvement in the treatment group compared to the control group. A significant improvement in myocardial perfusion was noted in the treatment group compared to the control group, as measured by single-photon emission computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized trial investigating intracoronary infusion of autologous @entity2280 + cells in @entity1 with intractable @entity951 shows the safety and feasibility of this therapy and provides evidence for efficacy.

title: Intracoronary autologous XXXX + stem cell therapy for intractable @entity951 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['refractory angina show', 'refractory angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac perforation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease experience angina']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Canadian Cardiovascular']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: A clinical study of a @entity1 with @entity5441 is presented. The blood eosinophil count reached 273 x 10(9) cells per litre. There were only mild symptoms but skin, lung and heart were affected. There was a good response to treatment. In a morphometric analysis, the @entity1 's eosinophils were compared with those of 9 healthy subjects, using appropriate multiple comparison procedures. The @entity1 's eosinophils showed significantly increased cell size and surface area. Mitochondrial volume and surface area were also increased and there were more mitochondrial profiles per section. The eosinophil granules showed a striking reduction in total volume, both the number of profiles and the profile area of individual granules being decreased. These findings are consistent with inappropriate activation and degranulation, a relatively orderly degranulation perhaps accounting for the mild symptoms. This investigation illustrates the value of morphometry in quantitating cellular changes in @entity74 .

title: XXXX : case report and morphometric study.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome']

answer: @entity5441 :: (MESH:D017681,Disease) :: ['Hypereosinophilic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Within @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity1103 DIE) is one of the leading causes of the loss of visual acuity. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the intravitreal @entity7 ( @entity7 ) inhibitor application alone or combined with macular focal/grid lasephotocoagulation compared with laser treatment alone. METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial included 72 @entity1 (120 treated eyes) with varying degrees of @entity6 and DME. The DME treatment included intravitreal @entity7 inhibitor bevacizumab (Avasting) application, with and without laser treatment. Bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) was administered intravitreally in 4-6-week intervals. Laser is applied 4-6 weeks after last dose of the drug as a part of combined treatment, or as the primary treatment. RESULTS: The mean reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) for the eyes (n = 31) treated with bevacizumab alone was 162.23 .rm, for the eyes (n = 53) treated with combined treatment the mean reduction in CMT was 124.24 pm, both statistically significant at p < 0.001. Laser macular photocolagulation as a part of combined treatment (in 53 eyes) significantly contributed to the CMT reduction, based on the paired t-test results (366.28 vs. 323.0 pLm at p < 0.05). In our study, the mean visual acuity improvement of 0.161 logMAR was achieved in the group of eyes treated with bevacizumab alone, and 0.093 logMAR in the group with combined treatment, both statistically significant atp < 0.05. The effect of laser photocolagulation alone on visual acuity and'CMT was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Treatment with bevacizumab alone or within combined treatment is more effective in treating DME than conventional macular laser treatment alone, both anatomically and functionally.

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection alone or combined with macular photocoagulation compared to macular photocoagulation as primary treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DR', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3025 in @entity1 with a @entity262 ( @entity262 ) is often treated by open surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subureteric @entity13768 ( @entity13768 (  )) injection (SMING) in the management of @entity3025 in duplex and single (SS) renal systems. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 (24 refluxing renal units) with @entity3025 in @entity262 underwent SMING. @entity3025 was more frequent in the lower moiety. @entity3025 was graded moderate/severe in 88% of renal units. There was a history of @entity293 in 40% of cases. The outcome for @entity262 @entity1 was compared with 44 @entity1 (60 refluxing renal units) with moderate/severe @entity3025 in SS. RESULTS: The @entity3025 resolution/improvement rate was 88% in @entity262 and 95% in SS @entity1 . Ureteric reimplantation  was required because of recurrent @entity3025 in 13% and 7% of @entity262 and SS groups, respectively. Transient @entity1695 was observed in 1/15 and 5/44 @entity1 . Two required double-J ureteric stenting for 3 months. CONCLUSION: SMING seems an effective treatment for @entity3025 in both @entity262 and SS @entity1 , even in severe cases. The complication rate does not significantly differ between the two groups.

title: XXXX ( @entity13768  ) injection for vesicoureteral reflux in duplex ureters: a comparison with single renal systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['DS', 'duplex system']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane', 'Macroplastique']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity13768 :: (MESH:C013830,Chemical) :: ['Polydimethylsiloxane']


abstract: 1. The in vivo action of cellulose @entity597 was studied in an attempt to clarify the role of complement and kinin formation in @entity32 .2. @entity4 was produced in the @entity35 paw by heat (45.5 degrees C), and on the ear by @entity11574 . The @entity4 was assessed by comparing the ratio of fresh wet weight to dry weight of corresponding injured and non-injured parts.3. Following cellulose @entity597 (6.5 mg/kg i.v.), plasma @entity19197 concentrations were promptly reduced by 90% or more. The reduction in complement titres was statistically significant and ranged from 17 to 65%. No toxic effects were observed. The @entity4 caused by heat or @entity11574 was not reduced in these @entity35 .4. Cellulose @entity597 (80 mg/kg i.p.) given over 3 days depleted plasma @entity19197 by about 90%, but reduced complement titres only slightly. These @entity35 gained less weight and their condition was poor. @entity4461 was @entity6243 were found. Heat and @entity11574 produced significantly less @entity4 than in control @entity35 . This diminished response is attributed to toxic side effects of cellulose @entity597 , rather than depleted plasma @entity19197 and reduced plasma complement.5. The results suggest that the inflammatory reactions to thermal and @entity130 can fully develop when plasma @entity19197 and complement are lowered.

title: In vivo effects of cellulose @entity597 on plasma @entity19197 , complement and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['impaired and widespread haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'Inflammatory oedema']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['Blood clotting']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chemical injury']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of level IIb @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective analysis of 56 @entity1 with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment of the @entity75 with simultaneous neck dissection was performed. During neck dissection, level IIb lymph nodes were separately removed and processed. Neck dissection was bilateral in 26 @entity1 (46%) and unilateral in 30 @entity1 (54%). RESULTS: The mean number of nodes found in the level IIb specimens was 4.7 (range: 0-8 nodes). The prevalence of @entity3 at level IIb was 0% in pN0 necks and 3.4% in pN+ necks, with an overall prevalence of 1.8%. A significant association between @entity3 to level IIb and type of neck dissection was observed. There were no isolated metastases to level IIb without the involvement of other nodes in the remaining neck specimen. Four regional recurrences were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, we suggest that dissection of the level IIb region in @entity1 with OSCC may be required only in @entity1 with multilevel neck @entity3 or if level IIa @entity3 is found intraoperatively.

title: Relevance of level IIb neck dissection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas', 'OSCCs']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: We reviewed the charts of 87 @entity1 with documented @entity130 resulting from @entity130 admitted to a regional trauma referral center during the 32-month period beginning in January 1984. @entity245 was defined as surgical intervention for @entity130 after a trail of nonoperative management lasting at least 24 hours. @entity245 was not required in any of the 16 cases in the pediatric age group (age less than or equal to 17 years) who were initially managed nonoperatively. In contrast, of the 27 adults who were initially treated nonoperatively, ten (37%) ultimately required celiotomy. Although splenorrhaphy was successfully performed in 21 of 44 @entity1 undergoing early operation, all ten of the @entity1 requiring celiotomy after an unsuccessful trial of observation underwent splenectomy rather than a spleen-preserving procedure. Of the 27 adults who were initially managed nonoperatively, 24 had abdominal computed tomography (CT) performed during their initial diagnostic evaluation. Twenty-three of these scans were reviewed by one of the authors. A CT scoring system was developed, based on the degree of @entity130 and the amount of fluid in the abdomen and the pelvis. Adult @entity1 who were successfully treated without operation had a significantly (p = 0.011) lower total CT score than did @entity1 who required delayed celiotomy. No adult with a total CT score less than 2.5 required delayed operative intervention. These data support

title: Nonoperative treatment of adult XXXX : development of a computed tomographic scoring system that detects appropriate candidates for expectant management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed celiotomy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'splenic parenchymal and capsular injury', 'blunt trauma', 'splenic injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic trauma']


abstract: Some new aspects regarding @entity8708 induced @entity35 @entity694 were obtained from the findings of weekly endoscopic examinations of induced @entity5 and their histological results. It was observed endoscopically that each @entity5 had a different speed of growth. There was no relation between the time when a @entity5 appeared and the depth of its invasion at sacrifice. Biopsies were taken from several @entity5 at an early stage when these @entity5 were recognized endoscopically. The histological findings of the biopsy specimens were all compatible with @entity420 . The total number of @entity5 increased with time. As a second step, the effect of fecal stream upon the @entity105 in @entity35 of our experimental model was investigated by periodic endoscopy before and after fecal diversion, and by histological examination. Without a fecal stream microscopic foci of atypical glands did not grow to become visible @entity5 . However, a @entity5 which had already become visible in endoscopy grew in the absence of a fecal stream. It is possible to say that the @entity105 of this experimental model has two distinct phases, i.e., initiation and promotion. Our result could give valuable information for the study of @entity105 in @entity1 large bowel.

title: [Serial endoscopic examinations of XXXX induced @entity694 in @entity35 and effects of fecal stream].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity8708 :: (MESH:D019813,Chemical) :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to control the short-term outcome of @entity1843 ( @entity1843 ) of the femoral condyle depending on conservative or surgical treatment at the beginning of therapy. TYPE OF STUDY: Case series. METHODS: Treatment planning for @entity1843 depended on the stage on MRI when analyzing the appearance of the interface between parent bone and fragment on T1- and T2-weighted images. Twenty-seven @entity1 received conservative treatment and 46 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic surgery. After 20 to 24 months, @entity1 were re-evaluated by MRI to assess the condition of bony fragment, parent bone, and interface so as to determine partial or complete remission, no change, or progression of @entity1843 . RESULTS: After conservative treatment, MRI showed partial or complete remission in 30% of @entity1 and no change in 63%. Arthroscopic treatment led to remission in 37% and to no change in 57%. Progressive disintegration of @entity1843 was found on MRI in 7% of conservatively treated @entity1 and in 7% of the surgery @entity1 . In 33.3% of the @entity1 initially treated conservatively, it was decided to treat them arthroscopically because of ongoing, unacceptable clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The rates of remission and progression were not significantly different between the groups. The @entity1 ' age was significantly correlated to the rate of consolidation. @entity1843 in juveniles under 16 years of age followed a milder course than in adults.

title: Arthroscopic versus conservative treatment of XXXX of the knee: value of magnetic resonance imaging in therapy planning and follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis dissecans', 'OCD']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['osteochondritis dissecans']