abstract: PURPOSE: To report our experience using @entity189 with particular attention on the technique of implantation used and on the elective treatment to the lymph nodes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1973 to 1991, 42 @entity1 (36 T1 T2 T3, 35 NO) were treated for @entity957 of the buccal mucosa as the first site of @entity135 . To study the local control, the group of 36 T1-3 @entity1 was divided into two groups according to the brachytherapy technique used: the parallel wires technique and the loop technique (M. Pernot). The latter consists of making a loop of Iridium wire encircling the @entity5 , the curved part acting as a barrier for the posterior part of the cheek (site of recurrence). The group of 35 NO @entity1 was individualized to evaluate the necessity of an elective node treatment. Twenty-three @entity1 had no elective treatment to node areas, 8 an external radiotherapy, and 4 a neck dissection. RESULTS: Overall survival of these 42 @entity1 was 63% at 2 years and 47.5% at 5 years. Specific survival was 77.5% at 2 years and 73.6% at 5 years. Survival without recurrence was 58% at 2 years and 54% at 5 years. Eighty-three percent of the recurrences occurred during the first year. There were six local recurrences on the 14 T1-3 @entity1 treated with the parallel wires technique and 1 on the 22 T1-3 @entity1 treated with the loop technique (6 out of 7 in the posterior part of the buccal mucosa). The local control at 5 years was 91% with the loop technique vs. 58% with the parallel wires technique (p = 0.01). Among the 23 NO @entity1 with no elective treatment, 6 had a nodal failure (5 T2 and 1 T1 of 2 cm). Out of the 8 NO @entity1 treated by radiotherapy, 3 had a nodal failure. The four NO @entity1 treated by surgery were controlled. CONCLUSION: Brachytherapy using the loop technique is the local treatment of choice for @entity5 < or = 5 cm. Elective treatment of the neck lymph nodes is required in @entity1 with a lesion > 1 cm and neck dissection may be preferable to external radiotherapy.

title: An original technique of brachytherapy in the treatment of XXXX of the buccal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['brachytherapy in buccal mucosa carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['epidermoid carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This serial angiographic study evaluated the incidence and predictors of late restenosis after @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) implantation. BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed late restenosis (i.e., late catch-up phenomenon) after implantation of @entity17212 -eluting stents and nonpolymeric, @entity1311 -eluting stents. METHODS: Between August 2004 and December 2006, SES implantation was performed in 1,393 @entity1 with 2,008 lesions, in whom 8-month and 2-year follow-up coronary angiography were planned. RESULTS: Of 2,008 lesions, 1,659 (83%) underwent 8-month follow-up angiography (8.3    2.2 months). @entity256 was observed in 122 lesions (7.4%). Coronary angiography 2 years (1.9    0.4 years) after SES deployment was performed in 1,168 lesions (74% of lesions without restenosis at 8-month follow-up angiography). Late restenosis was observed in 83 lesions (7.1%). There was significant decrease in @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) between 8-month and 2-year follow-up (2.56    0.56 mm vs. 2.35    0.71 mm, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed in-stent restenosis before SES implantation and @entity5562 at 8-month follow-up as independent predictors of late restenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Between 8-month and 2-year follow-up after SES implantation, @entity5562 decreases, which results in late restenosis in some lesions. In-stent restenosis before SES implantation and @entity5562 at 8-month follow-up are independent predictors of late restenosis.

title: Late restenosis following XXXX -eluting stent implantation.

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity17212 :: ('MESH:C434083', 'Chemical') :: ['7-hexanoyltaxol']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimum luminal diameter', 'MLD']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isolated acute dissection of the abdominal aorta is an unusual event that may present with several different clinical scenarios. Because its incidence is low, the natural history is unknown. We report data from the International Registry of Acute @entity1580 (IRAD), the largest group of @entity1 treated for @entity697 . The aim of this study was to identify clinical characteristics, therapeutic approaches, risk factors for mortality, in-hospital outcome, and long-term results of this cohort, thus clarifying its natural history. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis of 290 clinical variables on 18 @entity1 affected by isolated acute abdominal aortic dissection (IAAAD) was performed. Among 1417 @entity1 enrolled in the IRAD from 1996 to 2003, 532 (37.5%) had an acute type B dissection, of which 18 (1.3%) had an IAAAD. Theor mean age was 67.7 +/- 13.3 years, with a male predominance (n = 12, 67%). @entity449 pre-existed in 5 @entity1 (28%). IAAAD was iatrogenic in 2 cases (11%). RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 with type B aortic dissections, @entity490 , @entity5327 or @entity1188 , @entity63 , and @entity551 as initial clinical signs were significantly more frequent in @entity1 with IAAAD, whereas @entity662 was more typical in @entity1 with type B dissections. No neurologic symptoms, such as @entity2759 or @entity1897 , occurred in the IAAAD cohort. The 18 IAAAD @entity1 were medically, surgically, or percutaneously managed in 12 (66.6%), five (27.8%), and one (5.6%) cases, respectively. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 5.6% (n = 1). The @entity1 who died was medically managed. No @entity204 were reported among @entity1 who underwent surgery or had an endovascular procedure, irrespective of their preoperative status. A mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 1 month to 9 years) was completed for 71% (12 of 17) of the @entity1 . Four @entity1 (33.3%) died during the 9-year follow-up period. Overall survival was 93.3% +/- 12.6% at 1 year and 73.3% +/- 27.2% at 5 years. All @entity1 who died during the follow-up period had in-hospital medical management (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: IAAAD is a condition that may present differently compared with classic type B aortic dissections. IAAAD @entity1 treated with surgical or endovascular procedures had a lower unadjusted in-hospital and long-term mortality rate compared with medically managed @entity1 . On the basis of the present natural history report, continued surveillance appears mandatory. To improve the life expectancy of @entity1 with IAAAD, aggressive surgical or endovascular management seems justified.

title: Acute abdominal aortic dissection: insight from the International Registry of Acute XXXX (IRAD).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissections']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic spinal cord damage']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic Dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['Aortic Dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superiority of Intralipid, a long-chain @entity412 ( @entity12115 ) emulsion versus Lipovenoes, a long- and medium-chain @entity412 ( @entity12115 /MCT) emulsion, in reversing local anesthetic-induced @entity1167 is poorly defined and needs to be determined. METHODS: The study included two parts: in experiment A, @entity1341 (20 mg/kg) was injected to produce @entity1167 . Either Intralipid 20% ( @entity12115 group, n = 30) or Lipovenoes 20% ( @entity12115 /MCT group, n = 30) with @entity1425 was infused immediately. Return of spontaneous circulation and recurrence of @entity1167 after resuscitation were recorded. In experiment B, 80 @entity35 using the same model and resuscitation protocol were divided into 10 groups: @entity12115   , @entity12115      , @entity12115      , @entity12115      , and @entity12115          and @entity12115 /MCT   , @entity12115      , and @entity12115 /MCT          (n = 8 each; the subscripts represent respective observation period). @entity12115      - @entity12115          and @entity12115 /MCT      - @entity12115 /MCT          groups received Intralipid 20% or Lipovenoes 20%, respectively. Plasma and myocardial @entity1341 and @entity412 concentrations, as well as myocardial bioenergetics, were determined. RESULTS: In experiment A, 24 @entity35 in @entity12115 group and 23 in @entity12115 /MCT group achieved return of spontaneous circulation (P = 0.754); among them, 2 (8.3%) and 8 (34.8%) @entity35 suffered a repeated @entity1167 , respectively (P = 0.027). In experiment B, plasma and myocardial @entity1341 concentrations in @entity12115       and @entity12115       groups were lower than @entity12115 /MCT       and @entity12115 /MCT       groups, respectively. Furthermore, the plasma @entity1341 level in @entity12115 /MCT       group was higher than @entity12115 /MCT       group (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity12115 emulsion may be superior to @entity12115 /MCT emulsion in treating @entity1341 -related @entity1370 as it was associated with fewer recurrences of @entity1167 after resuscitation and lower myocardial @entity1341 concentrations.

title: Lipid resuscitation of XXXX toxicity: long-chain @entity412 emulsion provides benefits over long- and medium-chain @entity412 emulsion.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that surface epithelial cells play a major role in the defence and inflammatory reactions of the airways. How extracellular stimuli lead to increased gene expression in these epithelial cells is not well known. In this study, we asked whether the multiunit transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, which regulates the expression of genes involved in defense and immune processes, is activated in airway epithelial cells following stimulation with inflammatory mediators and @entity273 . In addition, we studied whether this would be followed by upregulation of the @entity2451 target gene product @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). Activation of @entity2451 in the SV40 transformed @entity1 tracheobronchial epithelial cell line 1HAEo- was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. @entity2841 concentrations in cell culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. @entity2451 was rapidly activated by exposure of cells to @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Exposure to @entity274 platelet activating factor (PAF) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not lead to increased @entity2451 activation. Co-stimulation of @entity1356 with @entity274 led to augmentation and prolongation of the effect on @entity2451 activation compared to stimulation with @entity1356 alone. @entity2841 concentrations increased following stimulation with @entity1356 and @entity274 , and the effect of @entity1356 / @entity274 co-stimulation on @entity2841 concentrations was additive. These results suggest that @entity2451 may represent an important transcription factor, controlling the expression of cytokine genes in airway epithelial cells.

title: Activation of the transcription factor @entity2451 in XXXX tracheobronchial epithelial cells by inflammatory stimuli.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High in-stent restenosis (ISR) rates have been reported after treatment of @entity4522 ( @entity4522 ). Balloon-mounted drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation has led to an ISR reduction in coronary vessels and may provide a solution to overcome this obstacle in the intracranial circulation. We present our initial experience with the @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES; Abbott Vascular, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA), a second-generation balloon-mounted DES, for @entity4522 treatment. METHODS: A retrospective review of prospectively collected endovascular data at our institution resulted in the identification of six @entity1 with @entity4522 treated with EES. Data collected included @entity1 demographics, presentation, comorbidities and lesion, intervention and follow-up details. RESULTS: These six @entity1 had >70% angiographic @entity4522 and history of @entity64 or recurrent transient @entity63 attacks, despite aspirin therapy and medical management of comorbidities. Lesions were located in the V4-vertebral artery segment (n=2), M1 middle cerebral artery segment (n=1), proximal basilar artery (n=1), supraclinoid internal carotid artery (n=1) and petrous internal carotid artery (n=1). Average @entity850 severity was 82.8  6.6% (median, 80%); average lesion length was 10.2  2.2 mm. Stent placement was successful in all cases. Average postintervention @entity850 was 5.5  4.4% (median, 7.5%). One @entity1 had postintervention reperfusion @entity548 that required urgent decompressive craniectomy. None of the five @entity1 with angiographic follow-up (5-6 months) had ISR. The six @entity1 had 4-10 months of clinical follow-up. Only the @entity1 with reperfusion @entity548 had decreased functional status after treatment (modified Rankin scale score=4) and is making a slow recovery. CONCLUSION: This study confirms feasibility of use of a second-generation DES for @entity4522 and provides short-term follow-up results.

title: Initial experience with an XXXX -eluting, second-generation drug-eluting stent for treatment of @entity4522 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis', 'ICAS']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: The effects of jingsongling (JSL) and @entity4763 on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were studied in five conscious male @entity235 . An i.v. injection of @entity4763 (1 mg/kg) caused a @entity1168 , an initial @entity101 , and a subsequent @entity551 . An i.v. injection of JSL (1 mg/kg) caused a @entity1168 and a 20-min @entity101 without a subsequent @entity551 . @entity3897 (45 micrograms/kg, i.v.) increased HR for 30 min without changing MAP, and antagonized JSL-induced @entity1168 for at least 60 min. There was a subsequent rebound @entity1168 . @entity3897 potentiated JSL-induced @entity101 in both magnitude and duration. @entity3160 (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.), an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased HR and MAP for 110 and 70 min, respectively. @entity3160 not only failed to potentiate but even reversed the pressor effect of JSL in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3160 also caused a dose-dependent reversal of JSL-induced @entity1168 . @entity6116 (5 mg/kg, i.v.), a nonselective alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased MAP for 20 min without changing HR. @entity6116 also reversed JSL-induced @entity101 and @entity1168 . @entity3159 (1 mg/kg), an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, decreased MAP and increased HR for at least 110 min. @entity3159 reversed JSL-induced @entity101 but failed to affect JSL-induced @entity1168 . These results indicated that: (1) JSL-induced @entity1168 and @entity101 are mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors; (2) @entity3160 and @entity6116 may be useful in antagonizing these untoward reactions associated with JSL administration, whereas @entity3159 and @entity3897 were not found to be beneficial in this regard.

title: The effects of jingsongling, a @entity4763 analog, on mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in @entity235 --influences of @entity3160 , @entity6116 , XXXX , and @entity3897 .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6116 :: ('MESH:D014043', 'Chemical') :: ['tolazoline', 'Tolazoline']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine sulfate', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity3159 :: (MESH:D011224,Chemical) :: ['prazosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare proportions of the combined outcome of vertigo control and hearing preservation between intratympanic @entity801 injections and endolymphatic sac shunt surgery for intractable vertigo in M  ni  re's disease @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of published data and retrospective review. SETTING: Tertiary otologic referral center. @entity1 : @entity1 with M  ni  re's disease who had failed medical management: 183 surgical @entity1 (shunt group) and 203 @entity1 obtained from 6 published @entity801 treatment studies ( @entity801 group). Cases were included if hearing and vertigo data were available before and after treatment with no previous surgical or injection treatment. Average @entity1 age ranged from 45 to 59 years across studies. @entity801 studies had nearly equal female to male subjects, whereas the shunt group was 60% female. INTERVENTIONS: Endolymphatic sac shunt surgery or intratympanic @entity801 treatment of differing doses and injection schedules. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Proportion of @entity1 with best combined vertigo control/hearing preservation. Hearing preservation is 10 dB or less increase in pure-tone average. Outcomes were categorized as follows: complete vertigo control/hearing preservation (best), complete vertigo control/ @entity393 , @entity393 , and incomplete vertigo control/ @entity393 (worst). RESULTS: The shunt group showed a significantly higher percentage of the best outcome (62%) than the @entity801 group (56%, p <or= 0.003), as well as a higher rate of complete vertigo control (86% versus 71%; p <or= 0.001). CONCLUSION: A higher percentage of @entity1 undergoing shunt surgery attained complete vertigo control/hearing preservation relative to intratympanic @entity801 . There continues to be significant variability in @entity801 outcomes, suggesting that the technique requires additional refinement before consistently producing good outcomes.

title: Outcomes of endolymphatic shunt surgery for M  ni  re's disease: comparison with intratympanic @entity801 on vertigo control and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete vertigo control/hearing preservation', 'hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the echocardiographic myocardial performance index (MPI) to assess post-resuscitation myocardial function following electrically and @entity63 induced @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2224 was induced in fourteen anesthetized @entity1707 weighing 38+/-4 kg. @entity2224 was induced electrically in seven animals and @entity63 , following transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), in the remaining seven animals. @entity2224 was untreated for 7 min after which CPR, including precordial compression and mechanical ventilation was begun. Defibrillation was attempted after 5 min of CPR. MPI, ejection fraction (EF) and fractional area change (FAC) were measured hourly during the following 4 h interval post-resuscitation. RESULTS: Five of seven animals were resuscitated in the electrically induced @entity2224 group, and four of seven animals in the @entity63 induced @entity2224 group. No difference in EF and FAC were observed between the two groups. The MPI, however, was significantly greater at 60 min and 120 min post-resuscitation in animals after @entity63 induced @entity2224 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In this model, left ventricular (LV) MPI was a more sensitive and useful quantitative parameter to assess the LV function than the EF and FAC measurements used routinely. MPI measurements indicated that post-resuscitation @entity296 may be more severe after @entity63 induced @entity2224 compared to the electrically induced @entity2224 .

title: Myocardial performance index following electrically induced or XXXX induced cardiac arrest.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemically']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemically']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allogenic platelet transfusions (PT) are administered to treat excessive @entity548 in @entity1 on @entity3075 receptor inhibitors (RI). We assessed the effect of ex vivo and in vivo PT on platelet activation and aggregation in @entity1 on dual antiplatelet therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the Antagonize @entity3075 Treatment Inhibitors by Transfusion of Platelets in an Urgent or Delayed Timing After Acute Coronary Syndrome or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Presentation-Acute Coronary Syndrome (APTITUDE-ACS) study, @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 or for elective percutaneous coronary intervention, receiving loading doses of @entity1397 (600 mg, n=13 or 900 mg, n=12), @entity3076 60 mg (n=10), or @entity3077 180 mg (n=10) were included. PT was performed ex vivo by mixing platelet-rich plasma from blood sampling performed at baseline in increasing proportions with platelet-rich plasma sampled 4 hours after loading dose. The percentage restoration of residual platelet aggregation achieved with 80% proportion PT (residual platelet aggregation 80% PT mix/residual platelet aggregation baseline*100) significantly decreased with increasing potency of @entity3075 RI (83.9  11%, 73  14%, 66.3  15%, 40.9  19% for @entity1397 600 mg, @entity1397 900 mg, @entity3076 , and @entity3077 , respectively; P for trend <0.0001). In the APTITUDE-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (APTITUDE-CABG) study, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein-platelet reactivity index, a specific marker of the @entity3075 RI drug-effect, was assessed before and after in vivo PT administered for excessive @entity548 in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery while on a maintenance dose of @entity117 and @entity1397 (n=45), @entity3076 (n=6), or @entity3077 (n=3). When compared with baseline, there was a significant relative increase of 23.1% in platelet activation after PT transfusion (42.2  23.6% versus 56.6  18.2%; P=0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: PT restores platelet reactivity in @entity1 with @entity1187 /percutaneous coronary intervention and in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery on @entity3075 RI while @entity548 with a less effect with increasing potency of @entity3075 inhibition. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.recherche-biomedicale.sante.gouv.fr/pro/comites/coordonnees.htm and http://www.cnil.fr/. Unique identifiers: No. 301111 and No. 1547216v0.

title: Efficacy of Ex Vivo Autologous and In Vivo Platelet Transfusion in the Reversal of @entity3075 Inhibition by @entity1397 , XXXX , and @entity3077 : The APTITUDE Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3076 :: ('MESH:C408153', 'Chemical') :: ['prasugrel']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3077 :: ('MESH:C503700', 'Chemical') :: ['ticagrelor']

answer: @entity3076 :: (MESH:C408153,Chemical) :: ['Prasugrel']


abstract: Over the past decade, outpatient @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy has become increasingly common in the treatment of many @entity1 with @entity5 . In our study, we explored @entity1 's experiences of @entity158 and distress over a series of five @entity1168 brachytherapy procedures given for @entity5 . Seventeen @entity1 receiving @entity1168 cervical brachytherapy with conscious sedation for stages @entity5 completed ratings of @entity158 intensity and distress and a measure of physical and emotional discomfort with each procedure. The majority of @entity1 reported @entity158 in the mild to moderate range and similar ratings of worst distress across the series of procedures. The most physically uncomfortable aspect of treatment was removal of the instruments after the procedure, when sedatives had worn off. The most emotionally uncomfortable aspect was worry about the effects of treatment. A subset of @entity1 reported having @entity158 from previous procedures, despite the use of conscious sedation medications. Those @entity1 who recalled having had @entity158 rated their @entity158 during the procedure higher than @entity1 who did not recall having had @entity158 . For most @entity1 , @entity1168 brachytherapy delivered with conscious sedation is well tolerated with only mild @entity158 and distress. However, a small number of @entity1 may experience more significant symptoms and may require additional medical and psychosocial support.

title: Patterns of @entity158 and distress during @entity1168 intracavity brachytherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['I-III cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['recalled pain', 'pain', 'worst pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Antagonists of the type 1 ( @entity1809 ) angiotensin II ( @entity1808 ) receptor increase @entity3449 secretion and plasma @entity1808 levels, and the increased @entity1808 levels may counteract the effects of the antagonist. Moreover, other investigators have suggested that the reactive increase in @entity10340 II levels may increase @entity1812 (BK) levels through stimulation of the type 2 @entity1808 receptor ( @entity11082 ). We investigated the acute effects of the @entity1809 receptor antagonist @entity9886 (intraarterial injection of 10 mg/kg every 12 h) in male @entity35 by measuring circulating angiotensin and BK peptides at 6, 12, and 24 h. Whereas acute @entity9886 administration increased blood angiotensin levels four- to sixfold, blood BK levels were unchanged. We also investigated the effects of @entity9886 administered for 8 days (10 mg/kg every 12 hours, by intraperitoneal injection) on circulating and tissue levels of angiotensin and BK peptides, and @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ). @entity9886 increased plasma @entity3449 levels 100-fold; plasma angiotensinogen levels decreased to 24% of control; and plasma @entity1369 levels were unchanged. @entity1808 levels in plasma, adrenal, lung, heart, and aorta were increased 25-, 8-, 3.5-, 2.4-, and 14-fold, respectively, by @entity9886 administration. By contrast, kidney @entity1808 levels decreased to 71% of control, accompanied by a decrease in kidney levels of BK-(1-7) and BK-(1-9). No other tissue showed a change in BK peptide levels, except for a reduction in blood levels of BK-(1-8) to 43% of control. Plasma @entity1811 increased by 13-50%, but tissue @entity1811 levels were unchanged. These data demonstrate that @entity9886 has tissue-specific effects on endogenous levels of angiotensin and BK peptides and indicate that increased BK levels do not contribute to the actions of @entity9886 . The absence of a reactive increase in endogenous kidney levels of @entity1808 indicates that this tissue is likely to be the most sensitive to @entity1809 receptor antagonism.

title: Effects of @entity9886 on angiotensin and XXXX peptides and @entity1811 .

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity116 is a life threatening disease. Reported mortality for @entity116 is 15-39%. Conventional treatment includes heavy sedation and artificial ventilation. Complications resulting from long term heavy sedation and artificial ventilation contribute to 60% of the total mortality caused by @entity116 . In this study @entity2400 was used to reduce the need for sedation and artificial ventilation. Objectives of this prospective study were to determine the role of @entity2400 in post traumatic @entity116 . METHODS: The study was carried out in surgical Intensive Care at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad from Jan 2004 to Dec 2007. Forty-four @entity1 presented during this period and 33 @entity1 were included in the study. All @entity1 had tracheostomy done within 48 hours. Every @entity1 was started @entity2400 therapy for control of @entity2473 after sending baseline investigations. @entity1 were given ventilatory support when needed. All data was entered in well structured proforma. SPSS-10 was used to analyse data. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were included in the study and all @entity1 were given @entity2400 . Out of these, 45.5% cases were grade 4 @entity116 , 73.6% and 63.3% cases did not require artificial ventilation and additional sedation respectively, 51.1% @entity1 remained free of complications of @entity116 . Overall mortality was 30.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Use of @entity2400 is safe and reduces the need for sedation and artificial ventilation in high grade @entity116 thus contributing to survival benefit in adult post-traumatic @entity116 cases.

title: Post traumatic XXXX and role of @entity2400 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate', 'Magnesium Sulphate']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the use of two different approaches, and feasibility of four commonly used utility assessment methods to assess preferences for treatment of @entity5 by surgery or @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). METHODS: Utility assessment methods, namely, time trade-off (TTO), standard reference gamble (SRG), rating scale (RS), and direct comparison (DC), were used to assess utilities in two groups of former @entity5 @entity1 (n = 10 for both), a group of clinicians (n = 9), and a group from the general population (n = 10). For the treatment modalities, ie, surgery and @entity1161 , two types of scenarios were developed and used: the state scenario, which describes a stable health state after treatment, and the process scenario, which describes a dynamic process. First, utilities were assessed based on state scenarios. Next, respondents were thoroughly informed and educated with respect to the relevant aspects of both treatment modalities. Subsequently, utilities were again assessed, but now based on the process scenarios. The outcome of each approach was calculated and expressed in a quality-adjusted life-expectancy (QALE) score for each treatment modality, and the treatment with the highest outcome was said to be the preferred treatment modality. RESULTS: In general, a higher QALE score for each treatment modality was found for clinicians and for the general population as compared with the former- @entity5 - @entity1 groups. When the outcome of both approaches was compared on an individual level dependent on the utility assessment method, 32% to 43% of respondents showed an inconsistent treatment preference. CONCLUSION: The approach to assess utilities and the extent to which respondents are informed about treatment modalities have a major effect on individual treatment preferences.

title: XXXX participation in clinical decision-making for treatment of T3 @entity5 : a comparison of state and process utilities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'T3-laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Ovine or @entity291 colostrums with different antibody titers were tested for their ability to prevent cryptosporidiosis in five groups of neonatal @entity742 experimentally infected with 10(6) @entity2432 oocysts 2 days after birth (Day 0). In a control group (Group 1), six @entity742 were deprived of ewe colostrum and exclusively fed with milk replacer. Two groups of six @entity742 were allowed to suckle their non-hyperimmunized (Group 2) or hyperimmunized (Group 3) dams throughout the experiment. Two groups of seven @entity742 were separated from their dams at birth before suckling and fed with non-hyperimmune (Group 4) or hyperimmune (Group 5) @entity291 colostrum; for 7 days they received 50 ml of colostrum completed by milk replacer twice a day, then they were fed with milk replacer exclusively. Control @entity742 became infected and developed @entity922 with @entity294 on Days 4-9 post inoculation, oocyst shedding and mortality (2/6). In all the treated groups, the colostrum prevented mortality and @entity922 . The mortality (5/7) observed in Group 5 was not due to cryptosporidiosis but @entity417 . In treated groups, specific antibodies were detected on Day 0 after 2 days of colostrum intake and varied little in time for IgM and IgG in spite of the parasite development, whereas they appeared later in the control group, on Day 4 for IgM, Day 11 for IgA and Day 14 for IgG. In all groups, the response which was the most consistent was the IgA response which evolved from Days 11 to 18 in association with the decline of oocyst shedding. Our results show that whatever the serum antibody titers were, the specific C. parvum circulating antibodies have no influence on the control of cryptosporidiosis. The prophylaxis or the treatment of cryptosporidiosis require high titers of specific C. parvum antibodies in the gut lumen during a sufficiently long period.

title: Treatment of experimental ovine cryptosporidiosis with ovine or XXXX hyperimmune colostrum.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical cryptosporidiosis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether users of oral contraceptives and in [corrected] carriers of a @entity74 ( @entity5337 mutation, protein C, S, or @entity5582 deficiency) have an increased risk of @entity50 . DESIGN: Comparison of a prospective series of cases of @entity50 with population data. SETTING: Neurological teaching hospitals from different regions in the Netherlands (cases) and a representative sample of the non-institutionalised Dutch population (controls). SUBJECTS: 40 @entity1 aged 18-54 years with @entity50 (cases) and 2248 @entity1 aged 18-49 years (controls). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Current use of oral contraceptives at the time of the @entity715 (cases) or at the time of the questionnaire (controls). Prevalences of a @entity74 in @entity1 and in the population with odds ratios. RESULTS: 34 of 40 (85%) @entity1 with @entity50 used oral contraceptives, versus 1007 of 2248 (45%) of the control @entity1 ; the age adjusted odds ratio was 13 (95% confidence interval 5 to 37). Seven of 36 @entity1 (19%) had a @entity942 , versus 7% expected in the population; this corresponds to a threefold to fourfold increase in risk. In @entity1 who used oral contraceptives and also carried a @entity154 , the odds ratio for @entity50 was about 30 relative to @entity1 who had neither risk factor. CONCLUSION: The use of oral contraceptives and being a carrier of a @entity74 increase the risk of and interact in a multiplicative way in the development of @entity50 .

title: Case-control study of risk of @entity50 in oral contraceptive users and in [correction of who are] carriers of XXXX . The Cerebral @entity50 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['prothrombotic defect']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary prothrombotic condition']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['prothrombotic deficiency']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['hereditary prothrombotic conditions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) is influenced by diverse environmental and genetic risk factors. @entity209 ( @entity209 ) increases the risk of @entity65 and @entity6 . We analysed 14 cases of polymorphisms located in 10 candidate loci, in a sample of @entity1 with @entity2175 and controls from Mexico City. METHODS: We analysed the association of 14 polymorphisms located within 10 genes ( @entity8405 , @entity22347 , @entity21276 , @entity14225 , @entity13156 , @entity6864 , @entity18957 , @entity14226 , @entity4093 and @entity13500 ) with @entity2175 and @entity209 . The analysis included 519 subjects with @entity2175 defined according to the ADA criteria, 389 with @entity209 defined according to the AHA/NHLBI criteria and 547 controls. Association was tested with the program ADMIXMAP including individual ancestry, age, sex, education and in some cases body mass index (BMI), in a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The two markers located within the @entity8405 gene showed strong associations with @entity2175 ( @entity8406 , T allele, odd ratio (OR) = 1.76, p = 0.001 and @entity22348 , T allele, OR = 1.78, p = 0.002), but did not show significant association with @entity209 . The non-synonymous @entity22349 polymorphism of the @entity21276 gene was associated with @entity2175 (Trp allele, OR = 0.62, p = 0.001) and @entity209 (Trp allele, OR = 0.74, p = 0.018). Nominally significant associations were also observed between @entity2175 and the @entity4093 @entity22350 SNP and @entity209 and the @entity13500 @entity22351 polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Variants located within the gene @entity8405 are strongly associated with @entity2175 but not with @entity209 , providing support to previous evidence indicating that polymorphisms at the @entity8405 gene increase @entity2175 risk. In contrast, the non-synonymous @entity21276 @entity22349 polymorphism is associated with @entity2175 and @entity209 .

title: Candidate gene association study conditioning on individual ancestry in XXXX with type 2 @entity6 and @entity209 from Mexico City.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We recently reported that @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ), acting through the STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) pathway, stimulated a delayed @entity23125 ( @entity23125 )-like DNA binding activity (maximal at 2-3 h) (Bhat, G.J., Thekkumkara, T.J., Thomas, W.G., Conrad, K.M., and Baker, K.M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 31443-31449). Using a cell line transfected with the AT1A receptor (T3CHO/AT1A), we further characterized the @entity2178 -induced @entity23125 response and explored the possible reasons for the delay in stimulated @entity23125 activity. In cells transfected with a @entity2755 acetyltransferase reporter plasmid, under the control of a SIE (sis-inducing element), @entity2178 markedly stimulated @entity2755 acetyltransferase activity. The delayed @entity23125 activation by @entity2178 was not due to a requirement for the release of other @entity23125 inducing factors into the medium and contrasts with the rapid (5 min) induction elicited by the cytokine, @entity650 ( @entity650 ). Interestingly, both agents stimulated @entity669 phosphorylation of Stat92 and predominantly the formation of @entity23125 complex A. We tested the hypothesis that @entity2178 initially activated an inhibitory pathway, which was responsible for delaying the maximal @entity23125 stimulation until 2 h. Pretreatment of cells for 15 min with @entity2178 resulted in significant inhibition of the @entity650 induced nuclear @entity23125 response (10 min) and Stat92 @entity669 phosphorylation, which was blocked by @entity1123 , an AT1 receptor antagonist. This inhibition was transient with return of the @entity650 -induced @entity23125 response at 2 h, suggesting that the delayed maximal activation of @entity23125 by @entity2178 occurs following an initial transient inhibitory phase. Pretreatment of cells with @entity1359 for 15 min, to activate protein kinase C, resulted in inhibition of the @entity650 -induced @entity23125 response (10 min). However, down-regulation of protein kinase C activity prevented @entity1359 , but not @entity2178 mediated inhibition of the @entity650 -induced @entity23125 response. Although the mechanism is not clear, the results presented in this paper raise the interesting possibility that the activation of @entity23125 /Stat92 by @entity2178 is characterized by an initial inhibitory phase, followed by the induction process. The observation that @entity2178 and @entity650 utilize similar components of the STAT pathway and that @entity2178 can cross-talk with @entity650 signaling through inhibition of @entity650 -induced @entity23125 /Stat92, implies a modulatory role for @entity2178 in cellular responses to cytokines.

title: Activation of the STAT pathway by XXXX in T3CHO/AT1A cells. Cross-talk between @entity2178 and @entity650 nuclear signaling.

entities_list: @entity23125 :: ('MESH:C538139', 'Disease') :: ['sis-inducing factor', 'SIF']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'AII']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of @entity23006 virus (PRRSV) antigen-positive uterine tissue in gilts culled due to reproductive disturbance in relation to age at culling, reasons for culling, herds, and @entity23007 vaccination. Uterine tissues of 100 gilts from six @entity1707 herds in Thailand were collected. The immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the PRRSV antigen using a polymer-based non-avidin- @entity1885 technique. @entity23007 was detected in the cytoplasm of the macrophages in the subepithelial connective tissue layers of the endometrium in 33.0% of the culled gilts. The detection of PRRSV antigen varied among the herds from 14.3% to 80.0% (P = 0.018). The detection of @entity23007 in the uterine tissues at different ages was not statistically different (29.6%, 39.4%, and 40.9% in gilts culled at 6-8, 9-10, and 11-16 months of age, respectively, P = 0.698), similar to the reasons for culling (P = 0.929). PRRSV antigen was found in 24.5% of the gilts vaccinated against the EU-strain-modified-live @entity23007 vaccine and in 23.1% of the gilts vaccinated against the US-strain-modified-live @entity23007 (P = 0.941). The level of antibody titers against @entity23007 had no impact on PRRSV antigen detection in the uterine tissues. Similarly, the detection of PRRSV antigen did not differ between the virgin gilts (35.4%) and the gilts mated before culling (30.8%) (P = 0.622). It can be concluded that @entity23007 remains in the uterine tissue of the infected gilts for several months even though vaccinations and acclimatization have been carried out.

title: Prevalence of XXXX virus (PRRSV) antigen-positive uterine tissues in gilts culled due to reproductive disturbance in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity23006 :: ('MESH:D019318', 'Disease') :: ['porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome']

answer: @entity23006 :: (MESH:D019318,Disease) :: ['porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries faces numerous challenges: increasing numbers of @entity1 needing ART, new guidelines recommending more expensive antiretroviral (ARV) medicines, limited financing, and few fixed-dose combination (FDC) products. Global initiatives aim to promote efficient global ARV markets, yet little is known about market dynamics and the impact of global policy interventions. METHODS: We utilize several data sources, including 12,958 donor-funded, adult first-line ARV purchase transactions, to describe the market from 2002-2008. We examine relationships between market trends and: World Health Organization (WHO) @entity645 / @entity791 treatment guidelines; WHO Prequalification Programme (WHO Prequal) and United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals; and procurement policies of the Global Fund to Fight @entity791 , @entity378 , and @entity311 (GFATM), US President's Emergency Plan for @entity791 Relief (PEPFAR) and UNITAID. RESULTS: WHO recommended 7, 4, 24, and 6 first-line regimens in 2002, 2003, 2006 and 2009 guidelines, respectively. 2009 guidelines replaced a @entity14027 -based regimen ( 88/ @entity1 /year) with more expensive @entity9611 - ( 154-260/ @entity1 /year) or @entity15833 -based ( 244-465/ @entity1 /year) regimens. Purchase volumes for ARVs newly-recommended in 2006 ( @entity15832 , @entity15833 ) increased >15-fold from 2006 to 2008. Twenty-four generic FDCs were quality-approved for older regimens but only four for newer regimens. Generic FDCs were available to GFATM recipients in 2004 but to PEPFAR recipients only after FDA approval in 2006. Price trends for single-component generic medicines mirrored generic FDC prices. Two large-scale purchasers, PEPFAR and UNITAID, together accounted for 53%, 84%, and 77% of market volume for @entity22208 , @entity15832 , and @entity15833 , respectively, in 2008. PEPFAR and UNITAID purchases were often split across two manufacturers. CONCLUSIONS: Global initiatives facilitated the creation of fairly efficient markets for older ARVs, but markets for newer ARVs are less competitive and slower to evolve. WHO guidelines shape demand, and their complexity may help or hinder achievement of economies of scale in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Certification programs assure ARV quality but can delay uptake of new formulations. Large-scale procurement policies may decrease the numbers of buyers and sellers, rendering the market less competitive in the longer-term. Global policies must be developed with consideration for their short- and long-term impact on market dynamics.

title: Intervening in global markets to improve access to @entity645 / XXXX treatment: an analysis of international policies and the dynamics of global antiretroviral medicines markets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity15832 :: ('MESH:C122114', 'Chemical') :: ['emtricitabine']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The electrocardiogram (ECG) remains the most immediately accessible and widely used diagnostic tool for guiding emergency treatment strategies. The ECG recorded during acute @entity741 is of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic significance. In @entity1 with @entity741 as a result of decreased blood supply, the initial 12-lead ECG typically shows (1) predominant ST-segment elevation (STE) as part of STE @entity1187 (STE-ACS), or (2) no predominant STE, that is, non-STE ACS (NSTE-ACS). @entity1 with predominant STE are classified as having either @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity583 ( @entity583 ) based on the absence or presence of biomarkers of @entity296 . The @entity583 may be aborted either by spontaneous or therapeutic reperfusion of the @entity63 before development of @entity296 . NSTE-ACS @entity1 are classified as having either @entity1459 or NSTE- @entity583 , based also on the absence or presence of biomarkers of @entity39 . The information obtained from the 12-lead ECG at presentation should be complemented by repeated ECGs especially during symptoms indicative of @entity63 and, if applicable, by comparing the findings with reference ECGs. Also, continuous ECG recording in a coronary care setting, including the comparison of ECGs with and without @entity158 , adds to the information gained at @entity1 presentation. In this article, mechanisms of ischemic ECG changes and the ECG patterns recorded in both STE-ACS and NSTE-ACS are described. ECG patterns of NSTE-ACS, which include ST @entity308 , negative T wave, and even normal ECG, need to be better defined in future studies to correlate them with the severity and extent of @entity63 and to explore to what extent they are explained by acute active @entity63 or represent consequences of @entity63 . One of the aims of this article is to propose a classification of the ECG patterns encountered in different clinical scenarios of ACS. How these patterns will aid in guiding the diagnostic and therapeutic process is discussed.

title: Electrocardiographic classification of XXXX : a review by a committee of the International Society for Holter and Non-Invasive Electrocardiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial cell necrosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['mycardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['ST-elevation MI', 'STEMI', 'MI', 'aborted myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: AIM: To assess fetal brain growth over the third trimester in pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 using in utero magnetic resonance imaging (iuMRI) to determine if greater brain growth occurs in type 1 (T1DM) when compared to gestational (GDM) @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each consented @entity1 was scanned at three fixed times during the third trimester using iuMRI. One hundred and fifty-seven @entity1 were approached, 48 @entity1 were recruited, and 36 complete data sets were analysed. Three-dimensional (3D) iuMRI volume data sets were manually segmented using software to construct models of the fetal brain from which brain volumes could be calculated. Inter-rater analysis was performed, and volume differences and growth rates were compared between T1DM and GDM. RESULTS: Recruitment proved difficult with low uptake and high attrition rates (77.1%). Inter-rater analysis revealed excellent correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.93, p<0.001) and agreement with no significant difference between operators (p=0.194). There was no evidence of increased brain volume in the T1DM group. Growth rates between visit 1 and 3 for T1DM and GDM were not significantly different (p=0.095). CONCLUSION: T1DM brain volumes were not significantly larger than GDM volumes and there was no significant divergence of brain growth over the third trimester. Constructing volume models from 3D iuMRI acquisitions is a novel technique that can be used to assess fetal brain growth. No specialist software or knowledge is required. Larger studies attempting to recruit pregnant @entity1 in the later stages of pregnancy should employ multicentre recruitment to overcome @entity7804 and high attrition rates.

title: The assessment of fetal brain growth in XXXX pregnancy using in utero magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['recruitment difficulties']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Experiments were performed in @entity35 models to study the effectiveness of various antiplatelet agents in the prevention of @entity1165 during acute @entity741 . The time to the onset of ST-segment elevation and initiating @entity943 , frequency and incidence of @entity943 , and mortality rates were observed during acute @entity741 (20 minutes) induced by ligation of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in anesthetized @entity35 . Four groups were studied: Control group (n = 10, not pretreated); @entity117 pretreated group (n = 10, 300 mg/kg p.o. for 1 wk); @entity1396 pretreated group (n = 10, 200 mg/kg p.o. for 1 wk); and Abciximab (Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist) pretreated group (n = 10, 2 mg/kg i.v. 10-20 minutes before an experiment). No significant difference was observed in the time to the onset of ST-segment elevation and @entity943 between the groups. The incidence of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in the abciximab group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05) and @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) in the @entity117 and @entity1396 group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). The mortality rate in the @entity1396 group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01). This study suggests @entity117 , @entity1396 , and abciximab can effectively prevent @entity1165 or @entity2224 during acute @entity741 induced by @entity432 and its antiarrhythmic effect may lead to prolonged survival.

title: The effects of antiplatelet agents in the prevention of @entity1165 during acute @entity741 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine', 'Ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['nonthrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For severely paralyzed @entity1 , a brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a way of re-establishing communication. Although subjects with @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) appear to be potential BCI users, the actual long-term effects of BCI use on brain activities in @entity3986 subjects have yet to be clarified. To investigate these effects, we followed BCI use by a chronic tetraplegic subject with @entity3986 over 5 months. The topographic changes in an electroencephalogram (EEG) after long-term use of the virtual reality (VR)-based BCI were also assessed. Our originally developed BCI system was used to classify an EEG recorded over the sensorimotor cortex in real time and estimate the user's @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) in 3 different limb movements: feet, left hand, and right hand. An avatar in the internet-based VR was controlled in accordance with the results of the EEG classification by the BCI. The subject was trained to control his avatar via the BCI by strolling in the VR for 1 hour a day and then continued the same training twice a month at his home. RESULTS: After the training, the error rate of the EEG classification decreased from 40% to 28%. The subject successfully walked around in the VR using only his @entity1957 and chatted with other users through a voice- @entity4268 function embedded in the internet-based VR. With this improvement in BCI control, event-related desynchronization (ERD) following @entity1957 was significantly enhanced (p < 0.01) for feet @entity1957 (from -29% to -55%), @entity1957 (from -23% to -42%), and right-hand @entity1957 (from -22% to -51%). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that our subject with severe @entity3986 was able to learn to control his EEG signal and communicate with other users through use of VR navigation and suggest that an internet-based VR has the potential to provide paralyzed @entity1 with the opportunity for easy communication.

title: Change in brain activity through virtual reality-based brain-machine communication in a chronic tetraplegic subject with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'left-hand MI', 'motor intention']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'MD']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['muscular dystrophy']


abstract: 1. Apparent (AME) and true ( @entity14323 ) metabolisable energy values of four diets, containing 50 or 150 g animal fat or @entity2829 oil/kg, were estimated in young and adult @entity1573 . The diets were given with and without a supplement of 5 g bile salts/kg. Three feeding rates, ad libitum, and 1/6th or 1/3rd of ad libitum were compared. 2. In younger birds, endogenous energy losses were higher when measured in starved birds than when estimated by regression analysis. 3. In young birds, feeding rate had no effect on AME of diets containing 50 g lipids/kg but it significantly affected @entity14323 . These results were reversed in adults. AME and @entity14323 values of diets containing 150 g lipids/kg were affected by the feeding rate in both young and adult birds. 4. @entity3645 increased metabolisable energy values of diets containing high concentrations of @entity1718 and their effect was more pronounced in young birds.

title: The effects of age, dietary fat and XXXX , and feeding rate on apparent and true metabolisable energy values in @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile salts']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile salts']


abstract: AIMS: Circumstantial evidence suggests that genetic changes may lead to @entity5 progression within the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) carrying non-random chromosomal translocation t(12;16). METHODS: To address this subject an immunophenotypic analysis, applying antibodies against proteins encoded by @entity876 , @entity7465 and @entity8985 genes, complemented by molecular analysis of eight suitable cases, was performed on 104 consecutive cases. Chromosomal translocations were assessed either by cytogenetic analysis or by RT-PCR in 9 suitable cases and chimeric transcripts were found in all cases but two @entity1821 . RESULTS: Based on immunophenotyping and @entity5 site, the case material consisted of three groups. The first one was made up of 92 non-retroperitoneal cases carrying a null @entity876 , @entity7465 , @entity8985 immunophenotype, which remained unchanged over the time of recurrences and along the gamut of histologic subtypes. The second group was represented by five @entity876 +, @entity7465 -, @entity8985 - non-retroperitoneal cases, 4 of which were further analysed by PCR-SSCP for @entity876 mutation. The immunophenotypic profile of these cases, complemented by the molecular findings, supported a role of @entity876 in @entity5 progression in three high-grade @entity5 . The third group, consisting of 7 retroperitoneal cases, showed a heterogeneous immunophenotype, sharing immunophenotypic and molecular features with the well-differentiated/evoluted (dedifferentiated) liposarcoma group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity876 mutations seem to play a role in @entity5 progression in a few cases of @entity5 (2.8%) showing more aggressive histologic characteristics. The unexpected finding that a number of retroperitoneal LMTs display the immunophenotypic profile of the well differentiated/evoluted (dedifferentiated) liposarcomas, deserves further investigation.

title: Limited role of @entity876 and XXXX -related genes in myxoid liposarcoma.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MLTs', 'myxoid liposarcoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic liposarcomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nonhealing perineal wound is often a @entity532 after aggressive surgical extirpation of @entity5 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 underwent perineal reconstruction using an inferiorly based transpelvic transverse rectus abdominal myocutaneous (TRAM) flap for large nonhealing postsurgical perineal wounds. After debridement of the perineum, the rectus muscles and their skin islands were mobilized, preserving their inferior epigastric blood supply. The flap was then taken through the midline abdominal incision transpelvically into the perineal defect. The study population was composed of three @entity1 and eight @entity1 ranging in age from 43 to 76 years (mean 59). The primary diagnosis was recurrent @entity188 or anus (n = 5), recurrent @entity957 or cervix (n = 4), and recurrent sacral @entity3580 (n = 2). All @entity1 had received adjuvant radiation therapy and all @entity1 had undergone one to four previous attempts at perineal closure. The perineal defect ranged in size from 72 cm2 to 1,250 cm2 (mean 337). RESULTS: There were no perioperative @entity204 . Ten of the 11 @entity1 (91%) had primary wound healing of the TRAM flap, perineal wound, and donor site. One @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 at the suture line 4 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The inferiorly based transpelvic TRAM flap is a safe and effective reconstructive technique for recalcitrant nonhealing perineal wounds after extirpation of @entity5 .

title: Perineal reconstruction after surgical extirpation of XXXX using the transpelvic transverse rectus abdominal myocutaneous flap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['chordoma developed recurrent tumor', 'pelvic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic complication']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pelvic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity503 has been the drug of choice for the treatment of @entity311 for many decades. We aimed to examine the molecular basis of @entity503 resistance among @entity3964 isolates from the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia by analyzing the @entity19306 and @entity19307 mutations in the PfCRT and PfMDR1 genes, respectively. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity3964 -infected blood spot samples (n=121) were collected on filter papers. DNA was extracted and fragments from the above genes were amplified using nested PCR. The amplicons were digested by ApoI enzyme and sequenced. RESULTS: Of the 121 samples, 95 and 112 samples could be amplified for PfCRT @entity19306 and PfMDR1 @entity19307 mutations, respectively. All of the samples amplified for the PfCRT @entity19306 mutation were undigestible by ApoI, suggesting the presence of the @entity19306 mutation. For the PfMDR1 @entity19307 mutation, 65/109 samples (59.6%) were digestible when treated with ApoI in a pattern, suggestive of the presence of the investigated wild allele (N86). However, 44/109 samples (40.4%) were digestible by ApoI, suggesting the presence of the mutated allele (Y) at position 86. DNA sequencing confirmed these results. CONCLUSION: Surprisingly, all isolates exhibited the mutated allele at codon 76 ( @entity19306 ) of PfCRT. However, the mutated mutant allele at codon 86 ( @entity19307 ) of PfMDR1 was found in 40.4% of the samples studied. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated the existence of the mutation in the PfMDR1 gene in the country. This study will contribute to the development of new strategies for therapeutic intervention against @entity311 in Saudi Arabia.

title: Analysis of gene mutations involved in @entity503 resistance in XXXX parasites isolated from @entity1 in the southwest of Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity19306 :: ('p|SUB|K|76|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K76T']

entities_list: @entity19307 :: ('p|SUB|N|86|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N86Y']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'P falciparum']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine', 'Chloroquine']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity401 ( @entity401 ) as part of @entity785 ( @entity785 ) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of intravenous pulse @entity786 combined with low and high doses of @entity229 in the treatment of @entity401 in @entity785 is equally effective. METHOD: An experimental, exploratory and randomized single-blind clinical trial was conducted at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital from September 2006 to December 2009, including 23 @entity1 with @entity785 and @entity401 . Two treatment schedules were evaluated and randomly assigned. Group A was composed of 13 @entity1 with a monthly dose of @entity786 (ev) for 6 months and a twice-monthly dose for the remaining 6 months, @entity229 (1 mg   kg   day) 4 weeks and then the dose was lowered to 5mg every 2 weeks up to 10mg. Group B: 10 @entity1 with @entity786 (ev), oral @entity229 10mg daily. RESULTS: There are significant differences at onset of CVF and the honeycomb pattern between both groups, where the high dose group was at a disadvantage. At the end of treatment the low dose group achieved improvement of radiologic lesions and the Warrick index, unlike the high dose group. The remaining variables experienced improvement in both groups without marked inequality. Similarly, slight adverse reactions were present in both groups. Two @entity1 dropped out of the study. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of low dose @entity230 with @entity786 is effective in @entity401 treatment especially in active disease, and results did not showe differences regarding the high dose group but the sample size and the evolutionary severity of high dose @entity1 oblige other studies to verify this data.

title: Are high doses of @entity229 necessary for treatment of @entity401 in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'Interstitial lung disease', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Foot @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity309 is common and can be associated with excessive @entity551 loading. Running and off-the-shelf orthopaedic footwear are commonly recommended to manage foot @entity158 and discomfort in these @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of running footwear as an alternative to off-the-shelf orthopaedic footwear on plantar pressure loading characteristics in @entity1 with @entity158 associated with @entity309 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 diagnosed with @entity309 reporting chronic @entity158 participated in this experimental, randomised, single-blind, cross-over trial of three footwear conditions: control, running and off-the-shelf orthopaedic. Outcome measures included measurement of peak pressure and pressure-time integral, with an in-shoe plantar pressure measurement system, beneath the total foot, forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot. Furthermore, perceived comfort and footwear acceptability were determined for each @entity558 . FINDINGS: Compared to the control footwear, forefoot peak pressures were reduced by 36% in the running footwear and by 20% in the orthopaedic footwear, compared to the control (P<0.001). Forefoot pressure-time integrals were reduced by 33% in the running footwear and by 23% in the orthopaedic footwear (P<0.001). The largest reductions were achieved with the running footwear across the whole plantar surface of the foot. Perceived comfort did not differ between running and orthopaedic footwear, although both were significantly more comfortable than the control footwear. Overall, more @entity1 nominated the running footwear as the most acceptable @entity558 . INTERPRETATION: The results of this preliminary study show that running footwear was most effective at @entity551 loading and was regarded as a comfortable and acceptable footwear alternative by @entity1 with @entity158 associated with @entity309 .

title: @entity551 in XXXX : a comparison of running versus off-the-shelf orthopaedic footwear.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['footwear condition']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['forefoot pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reducing plantar pressure', 'forefoot plantar pressure']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: We studied the effect of striatal @entity935 depletion induced by @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ) in @entity19 on @entity4176 (KA) evoked @entity410 . @entity5212 , 36 mg/kgp i.p. for 3 days, caused an 80% drop of striatal @entity935 . Animals pretreated with @entity5212 , plus controls treated with saline, were challenged with five different convulsant doses of KA (3, 6, 12, 18 and 36 mg/kg i.p.). The @entity410 were monitored by electrographic recording and behavioral observation. @entity5212 pretreatment greatly attenuated the severity of the @entity410 and the mortality induced by KA. The effect was mostly evident at the intermediate and at the high doses of KA. Surprisingly, no differences between the @entity5212 and control groups were found on the intensity and time course of the electrical @entity410 . Increment doses of KA resulted in a more severe electrographic @entity410 pattern in both the saline and the @entity5212 pretreated groups. Our data suggest that the @entity935 depletion induced by @entity5212 does not alter the genesis of KA induced @entity410 , but may alter the function of cerebral structures involved in the control of @entity410 motor expression.

title: Motor expression of @entity4176 XXXX is attenuated by @entity935 depletion in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: In order to assess the effect of @entity9486 gene polymorphism G4C14-A4T14 on @entity900 -based chemosensitivity of @entity1 @entity2220 cell lines, we examined the differences in biological character and drug sensitivity affected by @entity900 between @entity1 @entity2220 cell lines A549 and @entity9288 . The allelic expression of @entity9486 in A549 and @entity9288 was studied by Sty I polymorphism analysis. @entity98 [ @entity2454 ] assay was used to analyse the response of these two cell lines to @entity900 . The changes in the biological behaviour of the cells were observed by colony formation assay. The drug-induced apoptosis of cells was measured by Hoechst and TUNEL techniques. Homozygous allelic expression was demonstrated in the two cell lines. @entity1129 / @entity1129 genotype appeared in A549, GC/GC genotype was detected in @entity9288 . Although the colony formation number decreased with an increasing @entity900 dose (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in colony-formation rate in these two cell lines (P>0.05). @entity98 assay also determined that the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for A549 and @entity9288 was 8.9 and 11.6 micromol/l, respectively; the IC50 value did not differ significantly between A549 and @entity9288 (P>0.05). The cell apoptosis induced by @entity900 was demonstrated in both A549 and @entity9288 . @entity9486 G4C14-A4T14 polymorphisms at exon 2 existed in @entity1 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell lines. Our data in vitro suggest that @entity9486 G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism has no significant relationship to the @entity900 -based chemosensitivity in @entity1 @entity2220 .

title: Association of @entity9486 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism at exon 2 with the response of @entity1 XXXX cell lines to chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aflibercept ( @entity7 [VEGF] trap), a recombinant fusion protein, blocks the activity of @entity7 and placental growth factor and has demonstrated activity in pretreated @entity1 with @entity2 in a phase I trial. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of intravenous aflibercept in @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity3866 -resistant @entity2220 . METHODS: An open-label, single arm, multicenter trial was conducted, with the primary end point of response rate (modified RECIST). Additional endpoints included safety, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity3866 -resistant @entity2220 were eligible. Aflibercept 4.0 mg/kg intravenous every 2 weeks was administered until progression of disease or intolerable @entity137 . RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity1 were enrolled; 89 were evaluable for response. Median age was 60 years, 41% were @entity1 with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1/2 in 35/55/9% of @entity1 . The overall response rate was 2.0%, (95% confidence interval, 0.2-7.2%). Median progression-free survival was 2.7 months, and overall was survival 6.2 months. Six- and 12-month survival rates were 54 and 29%, respectively. A median of four cycles was administered (range 1-22). Common grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity1353 (21%), @entity101 (23%), and @entity644 (10%). Two cases of grade 5 hemoptysis were reported, and one case each of @entity4501 , decreased cardiac ejection fraction, @entity2806 , and reversible posterior @entity62 . CONCLUSIONS: Aflibercept has minor single agent activity in heavily pretreated @entity2220 , and is well tolerated, with no unexpected @entity137 . Further studies evaluating aflibercept in @entity2 , in combination with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies, are ongoing.

title: A multicenter, phase 2 study of @entity7 trap (Aflibercept) in @entity902 - and @entity3866 -resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the occurrence, extent, and frequency of formation of @entity75 ( @entity75 ) in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) @entity15 ( @entity15 ), and their relationship with @entity194 and disability progression. METHODS: One-hundred seven @entity15 @entity1 (76 RRMS and 31 SPMS), enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, were assessed clinically and by brain MRI (including a double inversion recovery sequence) 3 years after study initiation. CL number and volume, T2 white matter (WM) lesion volume, gray matter fraction, and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) were measured. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity75 were detected in 64.4% of RRMS and 74.2% of SPMS @entity1 . During follow-up, 132 new @entity75 were found in 44 RRMS @entity1 (57.9%; 0.8 new CL/ @entity1 /yr) and 61 in 15 SPMS @entity1 (48.4%; 1.0 new CL/ @entity1 /yr). Among these @entity1 , only 31 also showed at least 1 new @entity62 . CL number and volume increases were higher in the 52 @entity1 with a clinical worsening compared with those without (p < 0.001). Baseline CL volume correlated with baseline @entity717 (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and @entity717 changes over time (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). Baseline CL volume was an independent predictor of @entity717 accumulation and @entity7419 volume change at follow-up in both @entity1 groups. In SPMS @entity1 , baseline T2 @entity62 volume was another independent predictor of @entity717 worsening. INTERPRETATION: In relapse-onset @entity15 , @entity75 accumulate over time and are associated with disability progression. The quantification of @entity75 might represent an additional useful paraclinical tool to monitor @entity15 evolution.

title: A 3-year magnetic resonance imaging study of @entity75 in relapse-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CLs', 'cortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['expanded disability status scale', 'EDSS']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WM lesion']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (SFLP) on pre-existing @entity338 in the recipient twin in @entity14244 ( @entity14244 ). METHODS: We evaluated preoperative echocardiograms of all pregnancies with @entity14244 treated with SFLP at our institution from 2001 to 2009 (n = 76). Sixteen (21%) recipients had an @entity358 ( @entity850 / @entity1141 , insufficiency or functional @entity1146 ) before SFLP. Postoperative echocardiograms and medical records from these 16 recipients were reviewed. Changes in pulmonary valve structure and function, and overall cardiac function, were noted after SFLP. RESULTS: The mean gestational age at SFLP was 21 (range, 18.7-24.3) weeks. Seven of sixteen (44%) recipients with @entity358 prior to SFLP survived. Six of the 16 (37.5%) recipient twins had documented absence of persistent @entity358 at birth or at autopsy. Two (12.5%) of the 16 recipients (2.6% of the original cohort) had persistent @entity358 at birth, requiring intervention. Systolic and diastolic function improved or normalized after SFLP in all @entity1 undergoing longitudinal follow-up. There was a tendency for a better cardiovascular profile score (best = 10 points) at initial evaluation in pregnancies with survivors compared with those with no survivors (mean (SD): 5.6 (2.2) vs. 6.75 (1.28)), but this was not statistically significant. Severity of @entity299 did not predict persistence of valve pathology or survival. CONCLUSIONS: SFLP can improve flow through the pulmonary valve of the recipient twin in @entity14244 , probably as a consequence of improvements in right ventricular systolic and diastolic function. However, @entity338 may persist and require postnatal intervention.

title: Effect of selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation therapy for XXXX on @entity338 in recipient twins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve pathology']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve abnormalities', 'abnormal pulmonary valve']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome', 'TTTS']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14244 :: (MESH:D005330,Disease) :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Targeted therapies to stabilize the clinical manifestations and prolong pregnancy in @entity1468 do not exist. Soluble fms-like @entity669 kinase 1 (sFlt-1), an alternatively spliced variant of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, induces a @entity1468 -like phenotype in experimental models and circulates at elevated levels in @entity1 @entity1468 . Removing sFlt-1 may benefit @entity1 with @entity6632 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We first show that negatively charged dextran sulfate cellulose columns adsorb sFlt-1 in vitro. In 5 @entity1 with @entity6632 and elevated circulating sFlt-1 levels, we next demonstrate that a single dextran sulfate cellulose apheresis treatment reduces circulating sFlt-1 levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Finally, we performed multiple apheresis treatments in 3 additional @entity1 with very preterm (gestational age at admission 28, 30, and 27+4 weeks) @entity1468 and elevated circulating sFlt-1 levels. Dextran sulfate apheresis lowered circulating sFlt-1, reduced @entity644 , and stabilized blood pressure without apparent adverse events to mother and fetus. Pregnancy lasted for 15 and 19 days in @entity1 treated twice and 23 days in a @entity1 treated 4 times. In each, there was evidence of fetal growth. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study supports the hypothesis that extracorporeal apheresis can lower circulating sFlt-1 in @entity6632 . Further studies are warranted to determine whether this intervention safely and effectively prolongs pregnancy and improves maternal and fetal outcomes in this setting.

title: Pilot study of extracorporeal removal of soluble fms-like XXXX kinase 1 in @entity1468 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['very preterm preeclampsia', 'very preterm (<32 weeks) preeclampsia']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Background and aims. @entity135 are the most common complaints of @entity1 referring to different medical sections, especially in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these @entity5 in @entity1 less than 12 years of age to provide a better perspective for future studies. Materials and methods. All the files in Department of Pathology at Tabriz Pediatric Hospital from 2001 to 2011 were screened for @entity135 in @entity1 under 12 years of age. Data including age and gender as well as the type, the location, and benign/malignant characteristic of the @entity5 were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15 statistical software, using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results. A total of 160 cases were identified. Most of the @entity5 were benign (68%) and most of the @entity5 occurred in the neck region (41%). The most frequent benign and @entity5 were @entity2696 and @entity1893 , respectively. The majority of @entity5 were found in @entity1 younger than 2 years old (P=0.007), but there was no age predilection for @entity5 . Conclusion. According to our results, @entity5 were more prevalent than malignant ones. Although a low rate of @entity5 in males shows that more attention should be paid to the early diagnosis of @entity135 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in @entity1 under 12 Years of Age Referred to the Pathology Department of @entity1 's Hospital in Tabriz during a 10-year Period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors', 'Head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with @entity632 chemomyectomy as an alternative to other treatments for @entity1649 ( @entity1649 ). DESIGN: A prospective, open study Phase I clinical trial of chemomyectomy. SETTING: A hospital-based, referral neuro-ophthalmology and oculoplastic service. @entity1 AND METHODS: Repeated (1-6, median: 4) local injections of @entity632 were given in the eyelids of 8 @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 , average age: 71). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eyelid strength, self-reported @entity2473 , and duration of improvement without seeking additional or alternative treatments. RESULTS: Chemomyectomy resulted in permanent (> or = 2.5 years) orbicularis oculi weakness and relief from spasms in the treated areas in 5 @entity1 , although 2 @entity1 requested occasional supplementary botulinum toxin (BT) injections in the facial muscles over the cheek. One @entity1 had a successful result for 3 years, after which @entity2473 recurred. One @entity1 maintains a successful result in the eyelid but had a failed microvascular decompression in the lower face. One incompletely treated @entity1 required microvascular decompression following spread of @entity2473 and increased severity of the @entity1649 . One @entity1 required eyelid surgery because of concurrent @entity508 . One @entity1 treated with a higher concentration than currently used required closure of a skin ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: @entity632 chemomyectomy is an effective alternative to conventional therapy for properly selected @entity1 affected by @entity1649 , particularly older @entity1 with relatively localized eyelid @entity2473 . The modified technique of @entity632 chemomyectomy has developed to the point where its safety is demonstrated and its risks are known.

title: Chemomyectomy of the orbicularis oculi muscles for the treatment of localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic entropion']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasms', 'spasms to the lower branches of the facial nerve', 'spasm']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial spasm', 'HFS']

answer: @entity1649 :: (MESH:D019569,Disease) :: ['hemifacial spasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of non- @entity5 cells inside @entity5 tissue is one of the causes of errors in cell cycle analysis by DNA flow cytometry. The recent establishment of bivariate cytokeratin and DNA flow cytometry has made feasible the accurate assessment of @entity5 proliferative activity. METHODS: Bivariate flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry examinations of paraffin-embedded specimens were performed in 92 @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Determination of the S-phase fraction by flow cytometry, with cytokeratin gating (CK-gated SPF) and without gating (ungated SPF), and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen by immunohistochemistry ( @entity1364 labeling index), were used to assess @entity5 cell proliferation. RESULTS: Two @entity5 had DNA histograms with a coefficient of variation of more than 8.0% and were excluded from the flow cytometric analysis. In DNA diploid @entity5 (n = 25), the ungated SPFs (8.7 +/- 3.6%) showed a lower distribution than the CK-gated SPFs (14.3 +/- 4.7%) (P < 0.0001). In DNA @entity5 (n = 65), there was no difference in distribution between the ungated SPFs (15.0 +/- 8.3%) and the CK-gated SPFs (15.1 +/- 7.1%) (P = 0.94). The CK-gated SPF and the @entity1364 labeling index of an individual @entity5 had a good correlation (P < 0.0001), and this agreed with the result showing that DNA diploid and @entity5 had equal proliferative activity (P = 0.64 and P = 0.63, respectively). CONCLUSION: The technique using CK-gating markedly improved the SPF measurement in DNA diploid @entity5 . This assessment showed no difference in proliferative activity between DNA diploid and @entity5 in @entity1149 . Bivariate cytokeratin and DNA flow cytometry is an accurate and objective method for @entity5 -specific analysis, and will surely be informative in clinical oncology.

title: The significance of bivariate cytokeratin and DNA flow cytometry in paraffin-embedded specimens of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 15q24 microdeletion syndrome has been recently described as a recurrent, submicroscopic genomic imbalance found in individuals with @entity717 , typical facial appearance, @entity2421 , and @entity790 . Gene dosage abnormalities, including copy number variations (CNVs), have been identified in a significant fraction of individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ). In this study we surveyed two @entity2438 cohorts for 15q24 abnormalities to assess the frequency of genomic imbalances in this interval. METHODS: We screened 173 unrelated subjects with @entity2438 from the Central Valley of Costa Rica and 1336 subjects with @entity2438 from 785 independent families registered with the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) for CNVs across 15q24 using oligonucleotide arrays. Rearrangements were confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization and quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 from Costa Rica, an atypical de novo deletion of 3.06 Mb in 15q23-q24.1 was detected in a @entity1 with @entity2438 sharing many features with the other 13 subjects with the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome described to date. He exhibited @entity717 , constant smiling, characteristic facial features (high anterior hairline, broad medial eyebrows, epicanthal folds, @entity5766 , full lower lip and protuberant, @entity717 ), @entity15723 and @entity9529 . The deletion breakpoints are atypical and lie outside previously characterized low copy repeats (69,838-72,897 Mb). Genotyping data revealed that the deletion had occurred in the paternal chromosome. Among the AGRE families, no large 15q24 deletions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: From the current and previous studies, deletions in the 15q24 region represent rare causes of @entity72 with an estimated frequency of 0.1 to 0.2% in individuals ascertained for @entity72 , although the proportion might be higher in sporadic cases. These rates compare with a frequency of about 0.3% in @entity1 ascertained for unexplained @entity717 and @entity154 . This atypical deletion reduces the minimal interval for the syndrome from 1.75 Mb to 766 kb, implicating a reduced number of genes (15 versus 38). Sequencing of genes in the 15q24 interval in large @entity2438 and @entity717 samples may identify mutations of etiologic importance in the development of these disorders.

title: A large-scale survey of the novel 15q24 microdeletion syndrome in XXXX identifies an atypical deletion that narrows the critical region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity15723 :: ('MESH:D013576', 'Disease') :: ['single palmar crease, toe syndactyly']

entities_list: @entity9529 :: ('MESH:D020417', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['posteriorly rotated ears', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['digital and genital abnormalities']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']