abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine outcomes associated with @entity35277 treatment among @entity1 with @entity1007 in real-world clinical practice. METHODS: This analysis was conducted as a retrospective, observational cohort study in an ambulatory-care medical network in Northern California. @entity1 with orders for @entity35277 were identified in the electronic health record between January 2004 and December 2011. The date of the first order during the study period was designated the index date. @entity1 were evaluated for the following eligibility criteria: a diagnosis of @entity1007 , >= 18 years of age at index date, baseline laboratory values  <=3 months before the index date, >= 12 months of treatment and follow-up, and no prior orders for @entity35277  <=12 months before the index date. @entity1 who were pregnant during the study period were excluded. Changes in LDL-C and percentage of @entity1 at LDL-C goal were examined. Among @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity3918 ), changes in glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) and percentage of @entity1 at HBA1C goal were also examined. RESULTS: Overall, 468 and 181 @entity1 with @entity1007 met the predefined inclusion criteria with treatment and follow-up through 12 and 24 months, respectively. LDL-C decreased significantly from baseline by a mean of 11.4 mg/dL and 15.7 mg/dL (P < 0.0001, for each) at 12 and 24 months, respectively, and the percentages of @entity1 at LDL-C goal increased by 13.9% and 21.0%. Among @entity1 with @entity3918 and a baseline HBA1C >= 8%, 113 and 39 had treatment and follow-up through 12 and 24 months, respectively. HBA1C decreased significantly by a mean of 0.72% (P = 0.0001) and 0.75% (P = 0.010) and 11.5% and 12.8% were at HBA1C goal at 12 and 24 months, respectively. This study is limited by its retrospective and observational study design. CONCLUSIONS: @entity35277 treatment in a real-world setting was associated with improvements in LDL-C and @entity4051 C through 24 months of follow-up.

title: @entity35277 in the treatment of XXXX and hyperglycemia: a retrospective analysis from an ambulatory care medical network.

entities_list: @entity35277 :: ('MESH:C107058', 'Chemical') :: ['colesevelam', 'Colesevelam']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Leprosy often heals with residual @entity272 after completion of treatment. WHO recommends fixed duration @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) irrespective of whether lesions clear or persist after treatment. @entity1 with @entity75 are often unsatisfied and may undergo repeat biopsy and re-treatment. This study was conducted to compare the clinicohistopathological features in @entity5117 before and after @entity6371 from September 2012 to February 2014. METHODS: Sixty-one untreated cases of @entity5117 were investigated and given standard WHO paucibacillary- @entity6371 for 6 months. Scoring of clinical activity was done; histopathological activity was graded according to @entity738 fraction. Forty-four @entity1 who completed the treatment were subjected to post-treatment biopsy. Clinical response to therapy was graded as active, resolving and inactive and histopathological changes were compared in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Among the 44 @entity1 , the lesions were inactive, resolving and active in 39% (17/44), 39% (17/44) and 23% (10/44) of @entity1 respectively. Histologically, disease was inactive, resolving and active in 30% (13/44), 9% (4/44) and 61% (27/44). But histomorphological features suggesting regression: loose @entity738 (59%, 26/44); lymphocyte predominance (66%, 29/44); vacuolar change in epithelioid cell cytoplasm (59%, 26/44), were statistically significant in post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although histological resolution is slower than clinical resolution, qualitative histomorphological changes in correlation with clinical inactivity can offer a fair suggestion to the clinician to terminate therapy.

title: Clinical and histopathological features of XXXX before and after @entity6371 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity5117 :: ('MESH:D056005', 'Disease') :: ['paucibacillary leprosy']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['multidrug therapy', 'MDT']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['residual lesions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity5117 :: (MESH:D056005,Disease) :: ['paucibacillary leprosy']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prolonged @entity410 , @entity302 ( @entity302 ), is a potent stimulus for increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Molecular mechanisms that regulate normal and pathologic cell birth in the dentate gyrus are poorly understood. METHODS: @entity1091 - @entity2134 was used to induce @entity302 in immature postnatal day 20 @entity35 . Newborn cells in the dentate were labeled with @entity1603 to determine a time-course of cell proliferation, and measure cell-cycle length. In addition, we studied expression by Western blot and immunohistochemistry of two known inhibitors of G(1)-S cell-cycle progression @entity5447 / @entity5447 and @entity22163 /Ink4b following @entity302 . RESULTS: Cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus increases starting 2 h after @entity302 and is sustained for 40 days. Increased cell proliferation following @entity302 is associated with a shortened dentate gyrus progenitor's cell cycle, 15 h in control to 12 h in the @entity302 animals. To identify molecules responsible for the shortened progenitor cell cycle we studied inhibitors of cell-cycle progression @entity5447 / @entity5447 , and @entity22163 /Ink4b. We find decreased phosphorylation at @entity5447 / @entity5447 @entity563 10 and @entity1889 187 following @entity302 . Although total @entity5447 / @entity5447 and @entity22163 /Ink4b levels were not altered after @entity302 , @entity5447 / @entity5447 immunoreactivity was minimal in newborn but increased with maturation of the dentate granule neurons. DISCUSSION: The sustained increase in dentate gyrus cell proliferation following @entity302 provides a large pool of immature dentate granule cells prior to development of spontaneous @entity410 . A decrease in cell-cycle length of dentate gyrus progenitors is at least partially responsible for increased numbers of newborn cells following @entity302 .

title: XXXX increase cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus by shortening progenitor cell-cycle length.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromo-deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'status epileptics']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['Threonine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizures']


abstract: In order to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity5505 as a substitute for @entity581 in the treatment of @entity1320 , a prospective randomized trial was conducted. Ninety-four @entity1 (49% @entity130 ) were randomized to receive @entity5505 / @entity3402 ( @entity8353 /C) (n = 47) or @entity2890 / @entity3402 ( @entity14552 ) (n = 47). @entity8353 (2.0 gm) and C (0.9 gm) were administered intravenously every 8 hours while T dosage was adjusted to maintain peak (5-8 mg/L) and trough (less than 2 mg/L) concentrations. Age, sex, baseline serum @entity1011 , and etiology of @entity281 were comparable in the two groups. Clinical cure was similar in culture-positive and culture-negative @entity1 who received @entity8353 /C (94% vs 88%). The clinical cure rate however was significantly lower in the T/C culture positive (73%) than in the culture negative @entity1 (100%) (P = 0.016). Pathogenic organisms were eradicated in 100% (30/30) and 76% (13/17) of @entity8353 /C and T/C @entity1 , respectively (P = 0.0006). Nephrotoxicity Nephrotoxicity or @entity2167 was observed in none of the @entity8353 /C @entity1 and in one and two T/C @entity1 , respectively. @entity8353 /C more effectively eradicated the bacteria isolated from these @entity1 and no significant difference in clinical response was observed in culture-positive @entity1 . These findings plus the lack of @entity137 suggest that @entity8353 /C is an effective alternative for treatment of IAI.

title: @entity5505 / @entity3402 versus XXXX / @entity3402 in the treatment of @entity1320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['tobramycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the continued successes of the world's @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ) elimination programs and the growing successes of many @entity311 elimination efforts, the necessity of low cost tools and methodologies applicable to long-term disease surveillance is greater than ever before. As many countries reach the end of their @entity3754 mass drug administration programs and a growing number of countries realize unprecedented successes in their @entity311 intervention efforts, the need for practical molecular xenomonitoring (MX), capable of providing surveillance for disease recrudescence in settings of decreased parasite prevalence is increasingly clear. Current protocols, however, require testing of mosquitoes in pools of 25 or fewer, making high-throughput examination a challenge. The new method we present here screens the excreta/feces from hundreds of mosquitoes per pool and provides proof-of-concept for a practical alternative to traditional methodologies resulting in significant cost and labor savings. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Excreta/feces of laboratory reared @entity4224 or @entity36351 mosquitoes provided with a @entity2757 microfilaria-positive or @entity3965 -positive blood meal respectively were tested for the presence of parasite DNA using real-time PCR. A titration of samples containing various volumes of @entity2757 -negative mosquito feces mixed with positive excreta/feces was also tested to determine sensitivity of detection. Real-time PCR amplification of @entity2757 and @entity3965 DNA from the excreta/feces of infected mosquitoes was demonstrated, and @entity2757 DNA in excreta/feces from one to two mf-positive blood meal-receiving mosquitoes was detected when pooled with volumes of feces from as many as 500 uninfected mosquitoes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: While the operationalizing of excreta/feces testing may require the development of new strategies for sample collection, the high-throughput nature of this new methodology has the potential to greatly reduce MX costs. This will prove particularly useful in post-transmission-interruption settings, where this inexpensive approach to long-term surveillance will help to stretch the budgets of @entity3754 and @entity311 elimination programs. Furthermore, as this methodology is adaptable to the detection of both single celled ( @entity3965 ) and multicellular eukaryotic pathogens ( @entity2757 ), exploration of its use for the detection of various other mosquito-borne diseases including viruses should be considered. Additionally, integration strategies utilizing excreta/feces testing for the simultaneous surveillance of @entity66 should be explored.

title: A Novel Xenomonitoring Technique Using Mosquito Excreta/Feces for the Detection of Filarial Parasites and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity2757 :: ('6279', 'Species') :: ['Brugia malayi', 'B. malayi']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diseases']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis', 'LF']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity36351 :: ('30069', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles stephensi']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['Malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In November 2014, the @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ) recommended switching the emergency contraceptive (EMC) ulipristal @entity598 to non-prescription status. This study's objective is to assess the current legal status of the two EMCs ulipristal @entity598 and @entity2692 in Europe and to report on the development of sales figures for EMCs since they were made freely available. METHODS: Health authorities were contacted in autumn 2015 and asked about the current status of EMCs and whether the sales figures had changed after a switch to non-prescription status. Additionally, data on consumption were collected in 18 German community pharmacies. RESULTS: As of November 2015, most countries in the European Union (EU) have followed the @entity17991 recommendation. Hungary kept the prescription-only status. In Malta, EMC drugs are not authorized. Germany and Croatia switched @entity2692 to non-prescription status as well. Of the EU candidate and European Free Trade Association countries, ulipristal @entity598 is available without prescription in Norway and Bosnia and Herzegovina only. Several countries reported an increase in EMC sales since the switch. CONCLUSIONS: An @entity17991 recommendation can strongly contribute to the harmonization of a drug's legal status in the EU. In most European countries, ulipristal @entity598 and/or @entity2692 are now freely available.

title: Status of Emergency Contraceptives in Europe One Year after the XXXX 's Recommendation to Switch Ulipristal Acetate to Non-Prescription Status.

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['European Medicines Agency', 'EMA']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

answer: @entity17991 :: (MESH:D004675,Disease) :: ['European Medicines Agency']


abstract: PURPOSE: Due to the widespread use of computerized tomography, the diagnosis of @entity703 (3 cm or less) within the @entity13712 classification continues to increase. Current treatment of these @entity5 includes radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy and thermal ablation. We used the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program to compare treatment modalities for these @entity5 based on 1 cm increments in @entity5 size. We examined overall survival, cancer specific survival, survival from @entity65 and race based treatment disparities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the SEER database we identified 17,716 @entity703 3 cm or less diagnosed from 2005 to 2010 treated with radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy or thermal ablation. Overall survival, cancer specific survival and cardiovascular survival were determined for each treatment group, and then substratified by size in centimeters, @entity5 grade, age, geographical location and ethnicity. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods, multivariate proportional hazards models and a propensity score weighted approach. RESULTS: Overall survival, cancer specific survival and cardiovascular survival were better for partial nephrectomy than radical nephrectomy in all circumstances. Thermal ablation showed equivalent overall survival to partial nephrectomy for @entity5 2 cm or less. Notably, radical nephrectomy for @entity703 3 cm or less was applied in a disparately larger number of black @entity1 (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47-1.81) and Hispanic @entity1 (OR 1.28, 95% CI  1.14-1.44). CONCLUSIONS: Radical nephrectomy should be avoided for all @entity5 3 cm or less. For @entity703 2 cm or less partial nephrectomy and thermal ablation are equally effective. For @entity5 2.1 to 3 cm partial nephrectomy is better than thermal ablation. We identified significant racial treatment disparities that negatively impact survival in black and Hispanic @entity1 .

title: Treatment for XXXX @entity703 Substratified by Size: "Less is More".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancers', 'renal  tumors', 'small renal cancers']

answer: @entity13712 :: (10630,Gene) :: ['T1a']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although rare, invasive @entity2694 usually is fatal and necessitates prompt diagnosis, surgical intervention and antifungal treatment. METHOD: A case series of 5 @entity1 , with review of treatments and outcomes. RESULT: Five @entity1 initially presented with @entity2694 without @entity50 . Histologic examination revealed @entity3 . Four @entity1 underwent transnasal endoscopic surgical exploration of rhino-orbital-skull base, and three of them simultaneously underwent optic nerve decompression. One @entity1 underwent the rhinopharyngeal biopsy. Following surgical debridement and antifungal drug, Two @entity1 achieved various degree of recovery, 1 @entity1 (case 5) showed vision improvement, from counting fingers to 0.1 and symptom-free during 65 months follow-up. One @entity1 (case 1) showed no recovery of vision from no light perception, but symptom-free during 43 months follow-up. Other three @entity1 respectively died of massive intracranial spread (case 3), postoperative @entity548 (case 2) and @entity295 (case 4). CONCLUSION: Invasive sino-orbital-skull base @entity2381 often may resemble inflammatory conditions. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are required to improve vision and survival. The endoscopic surgical exploration and biopsy often are necessary to rule out fungal sinus infection before considering @entity134 use, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The @entity1 with invasive @entity2694 usually have a poor prognosis.

title: [Five cases of invasive XXXX with orbit apex syndrome initial presentation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital apex syndrome', 'rhino-orbital-skull base aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['apparent rhino-sinus disease']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['rhino-orbital-skull base aspergillosis']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity1512 (SIS) is an uncommon condition. The purpose of this retrospective study of 10 adult @entity1 (6 males and 4 females, average age 52 years), all with lumbar SIS and @entity7181 , was to analyze the efficacy of single-stage posterior debridement plus single-level interbody grafting with autologous bone, and transpedicular screw-rod instrumentation. The mean follow-up period was 43 months, with a minimum of 30 months. The @entity615 was relieved within 3 to 8 days after surgery. @entity51 , present in 5 cases, all improved. Solid fusion was achieved at 6 months in all 10 cases. The mean VAS for @entity158 improved from 7.5 to 1.6, the mean Oswestry Disability Index from 57.8% to 8.1%. The mean physical component of SF-36 (PCS) improved from 32.4% to 54.7%, the mean mental component of SF-36 (MCS) improved from 33.8% to 57.2%. All these changes were significant (p < 0.001). No recurrence of @entity281 was noted. The outcome was quite satisfactory in terms of fusion rate and quality of life.

title: Single-stage posterior debridement and single-level instrumented fusion for spontaneous XXXX of the lumbar spine.

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['infectious spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['infectious spondylodiscitis']


abstract: @entity420 will soon cease to be a rare form of @entity5 for @entity1 born after 1940. In many Western countries, its incidence has increased more rapidly than other digestive cancers. Incidence started increasing in the Seventies in England and USA, 15 years later in Western Europe and Australia. The cumulative risk between the ages of 15 and 74 is particularly striking in the UK, with a tenfold increase in @entity1 and fivefold increase in @entity1 in little more than a single generation. Prognosis is poor with a 5-year relative survival rate of less than 10%. The main known risk factors are @entity354 , @entity28 (predominantly mediated by intra-abdominal adipose tissues) and smoking. @entity355 is a @entity1613 , however, the risk of degeneration has been overestimated. In population-based studies the annual risk of @entity420 varied between 0.12% and 0.14% and its incidence between 1.2 and 1.4 per 1000 @entity1 -years. Only 5% of subjects with @entity355 die of @entity420 . On the basis of recent epidemiological data, new surveillance strategies should be developed. The purpose of this review is to focus on the epidemiology and risk factors of @entity420 .

title: Epidemiology and risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Oesophageal adenocarcinoma', 'oesophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) is an environmental contaminant, exhibiting well-established @entity137 to reproductive systems in aquatic organisms. Little information exists regarding the effects of @entity2385 on @entity1 reproduction. Cellular junctions are crucial for sperm development and maturation. Intercellular tight junctions are formed by transmembrane proteins such as claudins (Cldns), while the formation of tight junctions involves signaling components of adhering junctions, comprised of cadherins. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of in utero exposure to @entity2385 on the @entity35 ventral prostate. Pregnant @entity35 were given doses of @entity2385 (2.5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) throughout gestation and sacrificed at Day 91. Ventral prostate weights of @entity2385 -treated @entity35 were decreased in all treatment groups. Results of gene expression macro-array analysis indicated that numerous genes related to cellular adhesion and cell polarity were affected. @entity32243 mRNA levels decreased after exposure to @entity2385 . @entity32243 was immunolocalized to the apical lateral margins of adjacent prostatic epithelial cells in controls, but was increasingly dispersed along the lateral plasma membrane with increasing @entity2385 dose, suggesting that the targeting of @entity32243 or its localization to tight junctions was altered as a result of fetal @entity2385 exposure. @entity17937 mRNA levels and immunolocalization were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that in utero @entity2385 exposure results in permanent alterations in ventral prostate and that these are associated with alterations in the expression and distribution of cell adhesion and tight junctional proteins.

title: In utero exposure to XXXX alters the expression of @entity17937 and localization of @entity32243 in intercellular junctions of the @entity35 ventral prostate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tributyltin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2384 :: (MESH:C011559,Chemical) :: ['tributyltin']


abstract: NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Although different studies have attempted to find factors that influence the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the lung in different situations, to date no research group has explored the expression of @entity6095 and @entity24941 jointly in rats mechanically ventilated with different tidal volumes in a model of ventilator-induced @entity651 . What is the main finding? Mechanical ventilation with a high tidal volume causes @entity651 and @entity4 , increasing lung permeability. In rats ventilated with a high tidal volume, the pulmonary expression of @entity6095 decreases. We analysed the expression of @entity36160 and its relation with tidal volume in a model of ventilator-induced @entity651 . Forty-two rats were used. Six non-ventilated animals were killed (control group). The remaining rats were ventilated for 2  h with different tidal volumes (group 7ML with 7  ml  kg(-1) and group 20ML with 20  ml  kg(-1) ) and a respiratory rate of 90  breaths  min(-1) . @entity4 was measured, and the expression of @entity6095 and @entity24941 was determined by Western immunoblotting and measurement of mRNA. @entity4 and alveolar-capillary membrane permeability were significantly increased in the animals of group 20ML compared with the control group. Expression of @entity6095 was decreased in groups 7ML and 20ML compared with the control group. In conclusion, mechanical ventilation with a high tidal volume causes @entity651 and @entity4 , increasing lung permeability. In rats ventilated with a high tidal volume, the pulmonary expression of @entity6095 decreases.

title: Expression of @entity36160 in a model of ventilator-induced XXXX and its relation to tidal volume.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Lung oedema', 'oedema']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To quantify in vitro the root @entity4368 ( @entity4368 ) when soaked in 10% @entity620 solution (Group A) and distilled water (Group B) for up to 14 days. METHODS: Forty-four extracted @entity1 mandibular single-rooted teeth were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis at the CEJ to access the root dentin. The samples were divided into Groups A and B. Baseline (day 0) @entity4368 was measured using a digital grain moisture meter. One sample was placed in each tube, which was then filled with solution. All tubes were kept at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity. @entity4368 was measured after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. The baseline @entity4368 value was used as a covariate in the generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis to account for the difference in the baseline @entity4368 between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean @entity4368 (%) values+/-standard deviation on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 were 11.4+/-1.08, 17.1+/-0.87, 18.2+/-0.76, 18.4+/-0.77, and 17.9+/-0.90 in Group A, and 10.2+/-0.95, 12.8+/-0.90, 13.3+/-0.95, 13.0+/-0.91, and 13.2+/-0.89 in Group B, respectively. Group A had significantly higher baseline @entity4368 than Group B (p=0.006). After adjusting for differences in the baseline, the GEE analysis indicated that, on average, Group A had a significantly higher increase in @entity4368 than Group B, with means+/-standard deviation of 4.35+/-0.26. CONCLUSIONS: The moisture increase in the @entity620 group was greater than that in the distilled water group. Soaking root dentin in the unreplenished @entity620 solution or distilled water beyond 3 days did not further increase @entity4368 .

title: Root dentin body moisture changes caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity4368 :: ('MESH:D003805', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dentin moisture']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective study was to test computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of local @entity0 recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study population included 103 @entity1 referred for mamma CT examination for reasons of suspicious findings in a conservatively treated breast. In these @entity1 , both clinical and conventional imaging studies (mammography, ultrasonography) features of local recurrences were non specific or suspicious. The @entity1 underwent breast CT before and 90 s after intra-venous contrast medium administration. Criterion for @entity5 recurrence was detection of a lesion with an enhancement of 20 UH or more. The final diagnosis was based on operative histopathological findings or follow-up for over two years. RESULTS: Local recurrence was confirmed on histology in 52 @entity1 . CT identified 47 @entity0 . False-positive contrast enhancement was seen in five @entity1 . CT showed 90% sensitivity, 90% specificity and 90% accuracy. CONCLUSION: Although mamma CT examination proved to have a high diagnostic efficacy in evaluating @entity0 recurrence, routine computed tomography is unnecessary for most @entity1 .

title: Computed tomography in suspected local XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast recurrent cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a risk factor for progressive @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). Drugs commonly prescribed in @entity1 with @entity6 may affect liver histology by interfering with lipid metabolism and insulin resistance/secretion. AIM: We studied if statins or antidiabetic agents were associated with @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) and significant @entity82 (SF). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 346 diabetics with biopsy-proven @entity1561 . @entity6 was defined as fasting @entity413 >= 7   mmol/L or glycated haemoglobin >= 6.5% and/or use of antidiabetics. @entity7936 was defined according to the @entity1182 algorithm and SF as F2-4 Kleiner's stages. RESULTS: 84% of @entity1 were on antidiabetic therapy and 45% on statins. @entity7936 and SF were present in 57% and 48% of @entity1 . Statin-treated @entity1 were older, more frequently male and with poorer glycaemic control despite more frequent antidiabetic therapy than those without statins; however, the prevalence of @entity7936 (57%vs56%, p=0.868) and SF (48%vs48%, p=0.943) was not different between @entity6817 users and non-users. @entity7936 was more common in @entity1 on @entity2449 or insulin than in those not treated with these drugs (60%vs47%, p=0.026; 68%vs53%, p=0.017). SF was more common in those treated with @entity5736 (57%vs44%, p=0.030). Multivariate analyses confirmed that use of statins was independently and negatively associated with both @entity7936 (OR (95% CI) 0.57 (0.32 to 1.01), p=0.055) and SF (OR (95% CI) 0.47 (0.26 to 0.84), p=0.011). Moreover, we found independent associations between insulin use and @entity7936 (OR (95% CI) 2.24 (1.11 to 4.54), p=0.025) and @entity5736 use and SF (OR (95% CI) 2.04 (1.11 to 3.74), p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Several medications used in @entity1 with @entity6 are differently associated with @entity1561 histology. Statin use is negatively associated, while insulin and @entity5736 are positively associated with @entity7936 and SF. A wider use of statins may be warranted in this high-risk population.

title: @entity6817 , antidiabetic medications and liver histology in @entity1 with @entity6 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Type-2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylureas']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: Epidemiologic and clinical studies conducted in the past 15 years have demonstrated striking differences in the biology of @entity189 among Japanese and American @entity1 living in their native countries. These variations have, in part, been related to some differences in the characteristics of the @entity5 between the two groups. As part of a collaborative study we have had an opportunity to compare the stage of disease and to examine and compare histological sections of @entity1 with @entity0 treated in 1973-74 at the National @entity5 Center Hospital (NCH) in Tokyo and in 1974 at the @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ) in New York. The former group consisted of 216 and the latter of 555 @entity189 . Fewer @entity1 in each group had axillary metastases than reported in a prior study of @entity1 treated at MSKCC and in Tokyo 20 to 30 years earlier. Negative axillary nodes were now found in 58% of the @entity2414 @entity1 and in 63% of @entity1 treated at the NCH. The magnitude of improvement in stage relative to the prior report was similar in both groups. However, it would appear that the change occurred mainly from the mid-1950s to the 1960s in New York and approximately 10 years later in Tokyo. Results of this study confirming prior reports were: (1) higher frequency of colloid and of @entity189 with @entity1137 in the Japanese @entity1 ; (2) more intense lymphoid infiltrate in and around @entity5 in Japanese @entity1 ; (3) higher frequency of rounded or circumscribed @entity5 in Japanese @entity1 ; and (4) the more frequent occurrence of @entity5 emboli within the breast in American @entity1 . The difference in the frequency of @entity1137 was less striking when comparison was limited to @entity1 with @entity189 .

title: A comparative study of some pathologic features of XXXX in Tokyo, Japan and New York, USA.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid stroma and lesser frequency of lobular carcinoma', 'lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'Cancer', 'intralymphatic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'mammary carcinoma', 'medullary carcinoma', 'unilateral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memorial Hospital', 'MH']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['mammary carcinoma']


abstract: Previous research has demonstrated response differences following administration of @entity167 between adult males with a positive (FHP) versus negative (FHN) family history of @entity988 . These response differences are thought to reflect differences in vulnerability to dependence on @entity167 . Thus, the role of positive family @entity988 history in increasing risk of addiction to a variety of drug classes might be studied by determining whether FHP subjects show different responses to drug classes other than @entity167 . This was done in the present study by determining dose-effect functions for a variety of physiological (heart rate, skin conductance, skin temperature), subjective (analog mood and drug effect, Subjective High Assessment Scale), and psychomotor measures (hand @entity400 , body sway, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, eye-hand coordination, and numeric recall) in FHP and FHN college-aged males for @entity11467 (0, 100, 200 mg by mouth) and @entity1068 (1 g/kg). FHP and FHN subjects were matched on light-to-moderate drinking patterns, anthropometric dimensions, age, years of schooling, and drug use. At equivalent blood @entity167 levels family-history positive subjects reported greater effects of @entity1068 than did family-history negative subjects on almost all subjective measures. Following the high dose of @entity11467 , FHP but not FHN subjects showed elevated subjective effects; these effects were substantially less and were evident in fewer measures than following @entity1068 . In contrast to effects on the subjective measures, @entity1068 and @entity11467 produced comparable impairment in both groups of subjects for most psychomotor responses. Group differences were not obtained on any physiological measures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity167 and @entity11467 effects as a function of familial XXXX : acute psychophysiological effects.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity11467 :: ('MESH:D012631', 'Chemical') :: ['secobarbital']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: @entity1675 and B concentrations were measured in 502 @entity1 undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization to assess the predictive power of apolipoproteins B and A-I to discriminate between @entity1 with @entity453 and those with normal coronary arteries as defined by coronary arteriography. The strength of the associations was compared with that of the associations between traditional risk factors (eg, smoking status, @entity165 levels) and @entity453 . The study population consisted of 154 @entity1 (mean age, 62.9 years) and 348 @entity1 (mean age, 59.6 years). The @entity1675 concentration averaged (+/- SD) 124 +/- 25 mg/dL and the @entity755 concentration, 98 +/- 24 mg/dL. In all cases, the apolipoprotein measures showed a larger univariate difference between the "normal" (no @entity453 ) group (66 @entity1 ) and the group with @entity453 (436 @entity1 ) than did the corresponding standard lipoprotein measures. The variable with the strongest association with @entity453 was the ratio of @entity1675 to @entity755 , followed by @entity755 level. These findings were confirmed using logistic regression, adjusting for other @entity453 risk factors. Fasting status did not affect @entity1675 or B concentrations. We conclude that the use of @entity1675 and B concentrations gives additional information to that supplied by lipoprotein measures to help predict the presence of @entity453 . Since traditional lipid measures may be changed by a meal, @entity1675 might be more useful measures when the fasting status of a @entity1 is in question.

title: XXXX as predictors of angiographically defined @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['Apolipoprotein A-I', 'apolipoproteins A-I and B', 'apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['Apolipoproteins A-I and B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of out-field regional recurrence after involved-field irradiation (IFI) in definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locally advanced @entity1721 (LA-ESCC) and identify the possible risk factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with LA-ESCC who received CCRT with IFI between January 2003 and January 2009 at the Shandong Cancer Hospital were recruited and analyzed. Imaging scans demonstrating first sites of failure were compared with original computed tomography-based radiation treatment plans, and failure patterns were defined as in-field, outfield regional (failures in initially uninvolved regional nodes), and distant failures. RESULTS: After a median follow-up time of 52.6 months, 24 @entity1 had evidence of out-field regional failure, 43 @entity1 had evidence of in-field failure, and 33 @entity1 had the evidence of distant failure. Multivariate analysis revealed that out-field regional failure was associated with clinical @entity5 status (T4 vs T1-3, odds ratio [OR] =6.547, P=0.002), @entity5 length (>8 cm vs  <=8 cm, OR =4.130, P=0.036), response to CCRT (complete response vs no complete response, OR =2.646, P=0.035), and in-field failure (no in-field failure vs in-field failure, OR =1.32, P=0.016). Survival analyses indicated that, compared to in-field failure or distant failure alone group, out-field regional failure alone group tended to have longer overall (P=0.006) and progression-free survival (P=0.164). CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that the predominant failure pattern after IFI was not out-field regional failure, which also did not influence survival significantly, and that out-field regional failure did not shorten the time to disease recurrence, which also did not influence survival significantly. In addition, out-field regional failure was likely to appear later than in-field and distant failures. The relatively advanced @entity66 followed by poor local control and distant metastases contributed more to the poor outcome of LA-ESCC. Further prospective studies are needed to verify the findings of this study.

title: Details of out-field regional recurrence after involved-field irradiation with concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Primary clear cell @entity420 (CCE) is a rare, aggressive @entity5 , representing 1-5.5% of all primary @entity1204 . Twenty cases of CCE were studied, covering the period 1973-1987. Both endometrial curettings and hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) specimens were reviewed. Treatment was total abdominal hysterectomy/BSO for all @entity1 with/without pre- and postoperative and/or post-operative chemotherapy. Grossly the @entity5 formed fleshy, soft masses and involved most of the endometrial surface. The @entity5 arose in part in an endometrial polyp in 10 cases. Myometrial penetration was found in 12 cases and varied from 5 to 100%. The @entity5 exhibited the following microscopic patterns in pure form or mixed: papillary, tubulocystic, glandular, and solid. All cases were graded as poorly differentiated (grade 3) @entity420 . The stroma surrounding @entity5 cells showed a lymphoplasmocytic cellular infiltrate in all cases. Follow-up varied from 5 to 165 months, with a crude survival of 60%; eight @entity1 died; six of those had @entity3 of 40-100%. In conclusion, CCEs are @entity5 with defined histologic parameters in which the cytologic grade and/or @entity5 morphology do not appear to influence outcome. On the other hand, the depth of @entity3 and clinical staging are reliable prognostic elements.

title: Primary clear cell XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'specific tumors', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma of the endometrium']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the endometrium']


abstract: @entity530 with multiple fistular formation is rarely reported in the literature. We herein present a case of pelvic @entity5850 with sigmoid colo-ileovesical fistulae in a 36-year-old intrauterine device (IUD) user. She was admitted to the hospital because of @entity6191 , @entity353 and bilateral palpable @entity4134 . Sonography showed bilateral @entity4134 which contained many echolucent spots. A barium enema examination revealed sigmoid colo-ileo-vesical fistulae. A computed tomographic scan showed bilateral cystic @entity4134 , bilateral @entity3041 and hydroureter. Preoperatively, pelvic @entity5 was suspected. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. @entity43 with extensive adhesions were found. Pathologic examination of the operative specimen revealed pelvic @entity5850 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity114 for 14 weeks and had a stable clinical course.

title: XXXX with colo-ileo-vesical fistula formation: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral tubo-ovarian abscesses']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['general malaise']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['Pelvic actinomycosis']


abstract: Nephroureterectomy is currently the gold standard for management of upper urinary tract @entity189 despite it results. This review article in the loss of a renal unit. The ultimate aim of endoscopic management of this condition is @entity5 control whilst preserving renal function and the integrity of the urinary tract. Endoscopic treatments of upper tract TCC include the antegrade percutaneous and retrograde ureteroscopic approaches. This review article summarizes the endoscopic management of upper tract @entity189 , surveillance of the disease after endoscopic management and adjuvant therapy. The main message regarding endoscopic management of upper tract @entity5 is that @entity1 must be carefully selected. @entity1 selection is based on @entity5 size, grade, and multifocality. Single low-grade @entity5 , less than 1.5 cm in size, generally have a good outcome with endoscopic treatment provided that they have regular ureteroscopic surveillance. Ureteroscopic treatment of high-grade @entity5 is essentially palliative. It is essential that @entity1 are motivated and compliant as lifetime follow-up is necessary. However, until large randomized trials with long-term follow-up are performed, endoscopic management cannot be considered a standard treatment and should be limited to poor performance @entity159 @entity1 .

title: Endoscopic management of upper tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: The chironomid midges are the only insects that harbour true haemoglobin in their haemolymph. Here we report the identification of haemoglobin genes in two other nematoceran species. Two paralogous haemoglobin genes (glob1 and glob2) from the @entity311 mosquito @entity313 were cloned and sequenced. Furthermore, we identified two orthologous haemoglobin genes in the @entity4224 @entity4224 . All four haemoglobins were predicted to be intracellular proteins, with the @entity1522 required for @entity1446 - and @entity26 -binding being conserved. In situ-hybridization studies showed that glob1 and glob2 expression in An. gambiae is mainly associated with the tracheal system. This pattern resembles that of other insect intracellular globins. We also observed expression of glob2 in visceral muscles. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the globins of the mosquitoes and the Chironomidae are not orthologous. The chironomid haemoglobins share a recent common origin with the brachyceran glob1 proteins. The mosquito glob1 and glob2 proteins, which separated by gene duplication around 170 million years ago, form a distinct clade of more ancient evolutionary origin within the insects. The glob1 genes have introns in the ancestral globin positions B12.2 and G7.0. An additional intron was observed in Ae. aegypti glob1 helix position E18.0, providing evidence for a recent intron gain event. Both mosquito glob2 genes have lost the B12.2 intron. This pattern must be interpreted in terms of dynamic intron gain and loss events in the globin gene lineage.

title: Characterization of two globin genes from the XXXX mosquito @entity313 : divergent origin of nematoceran haemoglobins.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['yellow fever mosquito', 'Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been reported for over the past decade that the use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) may associate with the emergence of apathy. The authors hypothesized that @entity308 @entity1 treated with SSRI's would show more signs of apathy than @entity1 treated with non-SSRI antidepressants. This case control study was conducted to investigate the possibility of the association between SSRI use and the occurrence of apathy. METHODS: Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care's Day Hospital Database of elderly @entity308 @entity1 who received antidepressants was divided into 2 groups depending on antidepressant use at discharge: SSRI user group-SUG, and non-SSRI user group-NSUG. Apathy scales developed by the authors were selected from the Geriatric @entity308 Scale (GDS) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAMD), and were titled as @entity308 subscale (GAS) and HAMD-apathy subscale (HAS). Demographic data, baseline apathy, underlying medical conditions and medication use were studied. Proportion, analysis of variances, Chi-square test, odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were reported. RESULTS: Among 384 @entity1 (160 SUG and 224 NSUG), mean GDS and HAM-D at discharge were 12.46 and 10.61 in SUG, and were 11.37 and 9.30 in NSUG, respectively. Using GAS for apathy assessment, 83.7% of @entity1 in SUG and 73.4% in NSUG stayed apathetic at discharge. As evaluated by HAS, 44.2% of @entity1 in SUG and 36.5% in NSUG stayed apathetic. SSRI use was not a predictor of apathy at admission, while it was at discharge, p = 0.029. The SUG showed more @entity1 with apathy than that found in NSUG (adjusted OR = 1.90 (1.14-3.17). Age 70-75 years tended to be a predictor for the apathy (p = 0.058). Using HAS, age 70-75 years and living situation were associated with apathy at discharge, p = 0.032 and 0.038 respectively. CONCLUSION: Even though @entity308 was improved in elderly patients receiving antidepressants, apathy appeared to be greater in @entity1 who were treated with SSRI than that found in @entity1 who were not. @entity75 due to alteration of @entity750 is considered to be one of the possibilities.

title: Selective XXXX reuptake inhibitor use associates with apathy among @entity308 elderly: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'GDS-apathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Frontal lobe dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: Anoestrous Romney Marsh ewes with (+P) and without (-P) @entity1420 pretreatment were induced to ovulate by multiple low-dose injection of @entity1176 followed by a bolus injection of @entity1176 . Luteal function was assessed by twice daily measurement of plasma @entity1420 . Animals were slaughtered on Days 3 or 5 after the end of @entity1176 treatment and CL and endometrium were recovered. In all Day-5 ewes, blood samples were collected at 30-min intervals for 8 h on Days 3 and 5 for measurement of PGFM and @entity398 . At slaughter 92% of the Group +P ewes had ovulated compared with 54% of the Group -P ewes. The ovaries of some of the Group -P ewes only contained luteinized cysts either alone or in association with CL. In the ewes that ovulated, @entity1420 profiles were normal in all Group +P ewes, whereas Group -P ewes had 'normal' or 'abnormal' profiles in which plasma @entity1420 was declining prematurely. All of the CL from ewes with abnormal @entity1420 profiles were associated with @entity7979 , and were significantly smaller and with a lower @entity1420 content on Day 5. PGFM levels decreased (P less than 0.05) between Days 3 and 5 in ewes in Groups +P and -P with 'normal' CL but increased (P less than 0.01) in Group -P ewes with 'abnormal' CL. @entity398 levels were lower in Group -P ewes with 'abnormal' CL on Day 5, than in 'normal' ewes in Groups -P (P less than 0.01) or +P (P less than 0.05). In 3/5 Day-5 ewes with 'abnormal' CL there was a clear association between a major peak of @entity398 and a rise in PGFM during the frequent sampling period on Day 3 or Day 5, and endometrial @entity398 binding sites were present at slaughter. This suggests that the premature regression of 'abnormal' CL occurs via the normal luteolytic mechanism. Although ewes in Groups +P and -P with 'normal' CL had similar @entity1420 profiles, plasma @entity398 was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the Group -P ewes and @entity398 binding sites were present only in this group, suggesting that @entity1420 pretreatment can influence the production of both @entity398 and its receptor.

title: Role of prostaglandin F-2 alpha and @entity398 in the regression of XXXX -induced abnormal corpora lutea in anoestrous ewes.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity7979 :: ('MESH:D005497', 'Disease') :: ['follicular cysts']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1176 :: (MESH:D007987,Chemical) :: ['GnRH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that @entity1 with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) demonstrate specific cerebral activation patterns in response to visual food stimulation. We postulated that cerebral activation patterns could represent different perceptions of high-calorie images during hunger and satiety and could be determined by @entity1 ' subjective ratings. METHODS: After 6 h of starvation and also in a state of satiety, 12 female @entity1 with @entity1278 and 12 normal-weight @entity1 were assessed by use of fMRI with high-calorie food images. All @entity1 suffered from a restrictive type of @entity1278 . Heart rates, subjective ratings of satiety and valences of the visual stimuli were assessed. RESULTS: Food stimuli presented during a state of hunger were associated with significant activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and insula in the control group and of the prefrontal and central cortices and insula in the @entity1278 group. During the hunger state activation in @entity1278 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex was revealed compared to the controls. In the state of satiety, activation of the left insula was observed in the @entity1278 group. Use of the food valence judgment as a covariate confirmed the insula activation and revealed additional activation of the orbitofrontal, cingulate and medial temporal cortices. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate differences in cerebral activation patterns due to different perceptions of high-calorie food images, modulated by feelings of hunger or satiety, among @entity1278 @entity1 with modulation by subjective ratings of food valence.

title: Influence of satiety and subjective valence rating on cerebral activation patterns in response to visual stimulation with high-calorie stimuli among restrictive anorectic and control XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Regulated growth and branching of dendritic processes is critical for the establishment of neuronal circuitry and normal brain functions. Rho family GTPases, including @entity20757 , @entity23415 , and @entity31139 , play a prominent role in dendritic development. @entity20757 inhibits dendritic branching and growth, whereas @entity23415 / @entity31139 does the opposite. It has been suggested that the activity of @entity20757 must be kept low to allow dendritic growth. However, how neurons restrict the activation of @entity20757 for proper dendritic development is not clear. In the present study, we undertook a comprehensive loss-of-function analysis of putative @entity20757 GTPase-activating proteins ( @entity20757 GAPs) in the cortical neurons. The expression of 16 @entity20757 GAPs was detected in the developing @entity35 brain, and RNA interference experiments suggest that 2 of them, @entity31140 and @entity31141 , are critical regulators of dendritic morphogenesis. Knockdown of either @entity31140 or @entity31141 in cultured cortical neurons or developing cortex resulted in @entity393 . Inhibition of @entity20757 /ROCK signaling restores the defects of dendritic morphology induced by knockdown of @entity31140 or @entity31141 . These data demonstrate that @entity31140 and @entity31141 repress @entity20757 /Rock signaling and modulate dendritic morphogenesis in cortical neurons, providing evidence for critical physiological function of @entity20757 GAPs in regulation of dendritic development.

title: XXXX and @entity31141 modulate dendritic morphology of cortical neurons.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased dendrite length and number']

answer: @entity31140 :: (25486(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Myo9b']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for locally recurrent @entity14 after previous endoscopic mucosal resection. METHODS: A total of 16 @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity14 were enrolled. A needle knife, an insulated-tip knife and a hook knife were used to resect the lesion along the submucosa. The rate of the curative resection, procedure time, and incidence of complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 16 lesions, 15 were completely resected with endoscopic submucosal dissection, yielding an en bloc resection rate of 93.8 percent. Histologic examination confirmed that lateral and basal margins were @entity5 -free in 14 @entity1 (87.5 percent). The average procedure time was 87.2 +/- 60.7 minutes. None of the @entity1 had immediate or delayed @entity548 during or after endoscopic submucosal dissection. Perforation in one @entity1 (6.3 percent) was the only complication and was managed conservatively. The mean follow-up period was 15.5 +/- 6.8 months; none of the @entity1 experienced lesion residue or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection appears to be effective for locally recurrent @entity14 after previous endoscopic mucosal resection, making it possible to resect whole lesions and provide precise histologic information.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for locally recurrent XXXX after previous endoscopic mucosal resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal lesions', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal lesions']


abstract: During development, neurons can be generated directly from a multipotent progenitor or indirectly through an @entity30439 ( @entity30439 ). This last mode of division amplifies the progeny of neurons. The mechanisms governing the generation and behavior of IPs are not well understood. In this work, we demonstrate that the lengthening of the cell cycle enhances the generation of neurons in a @entity1 neural progenitor cell system in vitro and also the generation and expansion of IPs. These IPs are @entity9216 ( @entity9216 )(+)/ @entity20015 ( @entity20015 )(-), which suggests an increase in a self-amplifying @entity30439 population. Later the cultures express @entity31289 ( @entity31289 ) and become neurogenic. The signaling responsible for this cell cycle modulation is investigated. It is found that the release of @entity460 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol in response to B cell @entity706 or @entity855 addition lengths the cell cycle and increases the number of IPs and, in turn, the final neuron outcome. Moreover, data suggest that the @entity876 - @entity3544 pathway is responsible for the changes in cell cycle. In agreement with this, increased @entity876 levels are necessary for a @entity460 -induced increase in neurons. Our findings contribute to understand how @entity460 signaling can modulate cell cycle length during neurogenesis.

title: Intermediate progenitors are increased by lengthening of the cell cycle through @entity460 signaling and XXXX expression in @entity1 neural progenitors.

entities_list: @entity30439 :: ('MESH:D001924', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'intermediate progenitor']

entities_list: @entity9216 :: ('3642', 'Gene') :: ['insulinoma-associated 1', 'Insm1']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma-extra large overexpression']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many unknown risk factors play a role in the etiopathogenesis of @entity64 . The appearance of inflammatory cells within the damaged tissue after @entity2806 suggests that an inflammatory response may play a role in @entity64 pathogenesis. In our study, we examined whether an association exists between the acute-phase reactants and the levels of cytokines, the volume and diameter of the @entity64 , and short-term mortality in @entity1 who were diagnosed as acute ischemic a @entity64 after admission to the Emergency Department. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 50 consecutive @entity1 who applied to the Emergency Service with acute @entity385 were enrolled in the study. Their @entity64 volume were calculated and serum samples were obtained as soon as they arrived into the Emergency Service. The @entity1 were evaluated according to the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) and National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS). RESULTS: There was no significant correlations between @entity64 volume and levels of cytokine and acute-phase reactants in dead @entity1 group or in living @entity1 group. A correlation and statistical significance was found between @entity64 volume and hospital stay time in living @entity1 group. In addition, GCS and NIHSS scores were correlated with @entity64 volume and was found a significant statistically. CONCLUSIONS: Scales such as GKS and NIHHS, which evaluate the functional state of @entity1 , are the best indicators for defining prognosis in our daily practices. In addition, we found a positive correlation between levels of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and prognosis. However, we did not observe a statistically significant correlation between prognosis and other acute-phase reactants such as @entity310 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity2002 , and leukocytes.

title: Acute-phase reactants and cytokines in XXXX : do they have any relationship with short-term mortality?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As numerous factors account for @entity6 , retinal thickness alone is poorly correlated to visual function in @entity1103 . En face optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables assessing retinal changes at specific layers. By averaging several planes, overall changes can be better appreciated. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a consecutive group of 16 @entity1 (30 eyes) with @entity1103 in at least one eye, was compared to a control group of 17 healthy subjects (34 eyes). Healthy volunteers and @entity6 @entity1 being seen as part of their regular care underwent swept source OCT fundus imaging. En face Integrated Central Avascular Zone (EFICAZ) was manually determined and measured on images obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT). EFICAZ was then compared between both populations and, for @entity6 @entity1 , correlated with best corrected visual acuity, as measured by the Snellen chart. RESULTS: In healthy subjects, a moderate correlation was found between age and EFICAZ (Pearson's coefficient   =   0.45, P   =   0.01). In age-matched populations (mean age of 63        3.8  years for eight healthy subjects and 62.7        8.9  years for @entity6 @entity1 ; P   =   0.9), EFICAZ was significantly higher in @entity6 (2.92        1.10  mm(2) versus 1.86        0.53  mm(2); P   <   0.01). In @entity6 @entity1 , correlation between the size of EFICAZ and visual acuity (Pearson's correlation coefficient   =   -0 .72, P   <   0.001) was stronger than between OCT measured central subfield @entity227 (Pearson's correlation coefficient   =   -0.02, N.S). CONCLUSIONS: EFICAZ increases with age in normal subjects. It is significantly larger in @entity6 than in non- @entity6 subjects. It offers a better way to determine visual acuity than OCT measurement of central retinal thickness. This new approach, which takes into account several factors involved in @entity6 , could be useful in monitoring response to therapy. It can easily be combined with other modalities.

title: En face Integrated Central Avascular Zone (EFICAZ): a noninvasive tool for correlating morphological and functional damage in central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['retinal thickness and visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic maculopathy', 'diabetic than non-diabetic eyes']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Links between endorphins and dopaminergic transmission have not been fully explored in @entity161 . Both endorphins @entity942 were postulated. @entity10132 is probably involved in dopaminergic transmission. The aim of this study was the evaluation of @entity4545 (BE) and @entity10132 blood concentrations before and after treatment of severe @entity161 . METHODS: Seventy @entity1 treated with various antipsychotics, with severe symptoms of @entity161 (51 with positive symptoms, 19 with negative symptoms), 15 first-degree relatives, and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. BE and @entity10132 blood concentrations were measured during @entity1 severe @entity161 and in their stable mental state after treatment. The results were compared with relatives and controls. RESULTS: BE and @entity10132 concentrations in @entity1 with negative symptoms were higher than in relatives and in controls. BE levels in @entity1 with positive symptoms were lower than in @entity1 with negative symptoms (P<0.0000) and controls (P<0.0006). No significant changes in @entity10132 concentration were found in @entity1 samples. @entity10132 levels in these samples were independent of treatment, but they were significantly higher than in relatives and controls. After the treatment, BE level decreased in @entity1 with negative symptoms (P<0.0001) and increased in @entity1 with positive symptoms (P<0.0000). No differences in BE concentration between @entity1 in stable mental state, their relatives, and controls were found. CONCLUSION: Effective antipsychotic treatment results in "normalization" of @entity4545 level. Specific changes in BE concentration could be involved in dopaminergic transmission and related to some symptoms of @entity161 .

title: Comparison of @entity4545 and @entity10132 levels before and after treatment for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['excess and deficiency']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: A preliminary @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) study was carried out to investigate how the adaptation of two @entity6086 bases (one chemically cured, one light cured) was affected by the polymerization contraction of a supervening light-cured composite resin restoration. Occlusal cavities were prepared in 40 sound extracted @entity1 premolars, divided into two equal groups. In the first group a chemically cured @entity6086 (Dycal, De Trey Dentsply, Konstanz, FRG) was placed as a base. In the second group a new light-cured @entity6086 product (Prisma VLC Dycal, De Trey Dentsply) was used. The restorations were completed with an acid-etched, incrementally placed composite resin. The specimens were sectioned vertically and debrided. A replica was made of each half-tooth. The interfaces between composite resin/base and base/dentine were viewed and photographed in the @entity4653 . The marginal adaptation at these two interfaces was classified into three categories according to the extent of the gaps that were observed. Prisma VLC Dycal base was found to be pulled away from the dentine floor of the cavity as a result of an apparent adhesion to the composite resin during polymerization contraction. Dycal was better adapted to the cavity floor than Prisma VLC Dycal. Disorganization of the resin-bonded Prisma VLC Dycal was minimal even after acid etching the enamel, sectioning and ultrasonic debridement. Dycal appeared to be more friable, and occasionally exhibited marked disorganization as a result of these procedures.

title: Adaptation of two different XXXX bases under a composite restoration.

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscope']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxide']


abstract: @entity1593 is a chronic inflammation of the small intestine, arising in genetically predisposed individuals as a result of ingestion of dietary gluten. The only confirmed and functionally characterised genetic risk factors for @entity1593 are the @entity7922 or DQ8 heterodimers at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II locus ( @entity3098 ). These genes are necessary but alone not sufficient for disease onset. Genome-wide linkage scans have suggested chromosome 5q31-q33 ( @entity28903 ) as an important risk locus for @entity1593 . This region has also been associated to other inflammatory disorders, although as yet, no clear gene associations have been found. In the current study, 11 @entity1593 candidate loci were screened for genetic linkage in the Hungarian population. As the @entity28903 locus showed the strongest evidence for linkage, this locus was selected for follow-up. Seventeen candidate genes were selected from the @entity28903 locus, and genotyped using 48 haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in large Finnish and Hungarian family materials. A subset of these, 40 tagging SNPs in 15 genes, were genotyped in an independent set of Finnish and Hungarian cases and controls. We confirmed linkage of this region with @entity1593 and report strong linkage in both the Finnish and Hungarian populations. The association analysis showed modest associations throughout the whole region. These association findings were not replicated in the case-control datasets. Our study strongly supports the role of the @entity28903 locus in @entity1593 , but it also highlights the need for a more powerful study design in the region, to locate the true disease risk variants.

title: Fine mapping of the XXXX locus on chromosome 5q31-q33 in the Finnish and Hungarian populations.

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Celiac disease']

answer: @entity28903 :: (317782,Gene) :: ['CELIAC2']


abstract: Cationic lytic-type peptides have been studied for clinical application in various @entity5 . This study aimed to determine the functions of our specially designed lytic peptide. To investigate the functional mechanism at the cell membrane level, we used giant unilayer vesicles (GUVs) mimicking cell membranes. In GUVs treated with @entity2823 -labeled lytic peptide (lytic- @entity2823 ), fluorescence increased in a time-dependent manner. However, no inner fluorescence was detected in GUVs treated with lytic peptide and calcein. Next, distribution of lytic- @entity2823 peptide on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm was examined in a living @entity1 @entity11 U251 cell line. In the immunocytochemical study, some lytic peptide stains colocalized with @entity21216 ( @entity21216 ). In cells treated with lytic peptide, the immunofluorescence intensity of lytic peptide increased in a concentration and treatment time-dependent manner. Cytotoxic activity of lytic peptide decreased after pretreatment with the endocytosis inhibitors cytochalasin D, @entity2644 and @entity6478 . These findings suggest that lytic peptide exerts cytotoxic activity after cellular uptake via an endocytosis pathway. In conclusion, the influx mechanism of lytic peptide was shown to include not only disintegration and pore formation at the cell membrane, but also cell entry via endocytosis dependent and independent pathways.

title: Entry of a cationic lytic-type peptide into the cytoplasm via endocytosis-dependent and -independent pathways in XXXX @entity11 U251 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infections and cancers']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity21216 :: ('8411', 'Gene') :: ['EEA-1', 'early endosome antigen protein 1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We developed a three-dimensional assay prepared from primary @entity0 tissue and quantified @entity5 response to @entity440 therapy. Freshly harvested @entity0 biopsies obtained at the time of curative surgical resection were fragmented and embedded into collagen I cushions. Changes in proliferation, apoptosis and @entity5 volume in response to @entity440 treatment were quantified using image analysis software and optical projection tomography. Individual and collective invasion of epithelial cells into the surrounding collagen I was observed over the course of the experiment using phase contrast light microscopy and histopathological methods. Addition of @entity440 to preparations derived from ER+ @entity5 demonstrated a range of response as measured by proliferative and apoptotic markers. In keeping with published data, @entity440 reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells expressing cleaved caspase-3 (p = 0.02, Poisson regression analysis). @entity440 also reduced residual epithelial volume in ER+ @entity5 (p = 0.001, Mann-Whitney test), but not in ER low/- @entity5 (p = 0.78). Changes in @entity5 volume, as measured by optical projection tomography, allowed stratification into responsive and @entity5 . The model mirrors observations of @entity0 response and histopathological changes to @entity440 in neo-adjuvant trials. This assay provides a method of screening a battery of therapeutics against individual cancers, informing subsequent design of neo-adjuvant trials.

title: Determining XXXX sensitivity using primary @entity0 tissue in collagen-based three-dimensional culture.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-responsive tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the population ages, bioprosthesis are increasingly being used in cardiac valve replacement. Pericardial bioprosthesis combine an excellent hemodynamic performance with low thrombogenicity, but valve failure associated with @entity730 remains a concern with these valves. We describe distortion of the bioprosthesis ring as a risk factor for early @entity730 . METHODS: A total of 510 @entity1 over the age of 70 years underwent isolated aortic valve replacement with the Mitroflow ( @entity26522 ) pericardial bioprosthesis. Thirty two @entity1 (6,2%) have undergone a second aortic valve replacement due to structural @entity340 resulting from @entity7874 . In all @entity1 a chest radiography and coronary angiography was performed before reoperation. A 64 Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) with retrospective ECG gating study was performed in four @entity1 to evaluate the aortic bioprosthesis. RESULTS: Chest radiography showed in all @entity1 an irregular bioprosthesis ring. At preoperative coronary angiography a distorted bioprosthesis ring was detected in all @entity1 . Macroscopic findings of the explanted bioprostheses included extensive @entity730 in all specimens. CONCLUSION: There was a possible relationship between early bioprosthetic @entity730 and radiologic distortion of the bioprosthesis ring.

title: Is distortion of the bioprosthesis ring a risk factor for early XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: One of the criteria for recommending cholecystectomy for silent @entity5990 , is @entity5990 in regions with high incidence of @entity1086 . Both @entity5990 and @entity1086 are common in North India. All tertiary care centres in India report high rates of @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) incidence and poor treatment outcomes in the majority of cases due to advanced stage of presentation. Csendes of Chile has reported very high incidence of @entity1086 in Chile and Bolivia and advocated prophylactic cholecystectomy in asymptomatic @entity1 . Incidence rate of @entity1086 in Indian males is equal to that of Chile, whereas in females, the rates are almost double the rates of Chile. Indians have also been found to have high concentrations of heavy metals in gall bladder wall, and antibodies to @entity5 suppressor genes. In India, @entity1086 is the commonest @entity5 in @entity1 and fourth commonest @entity5 overall in the female population. In view of the epidemiology and clinical scenario of @entity1086 and proven safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there is a need to act before it is too late in the current rates of @entity1086 . This study looks at the evidence correlating @entity5990 and @entity1086 , in relation to India. There is pressing evidence today to justify a strategy of prophylactic cholecystectomy in silent @entity5990 in North India. Data for this study was selected through an internet based search for literature concerning @entity5990 and @entity1086 in India, and for prophylactic cholecystectomy.

title: Need for Prophylactic Cholecystectomy in Silent XXXX in North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'GI cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'gall bladder cancer', 'GBC']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gall stones']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['Gall Stones']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in adults focuses on the initial assessment of the prognostic relevant cytogenetic features as well as a response-guided therapy based on molecular data. We examined the importance of molecular-cytogenetic abnormalities for complete remission (CR) rates and the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in adult ALLs. METHODS: Conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed on bone marrow cells from 33 newly-diagnosed @entity981 adults. Two karyotype categories [standard- risk group- normal karyotype, hyperdiplody and other structural aberrations, and high-risk group-t(11q23)/MLL, t(9;22)/bcr-abl, t(1;19), t(8;14), @entity517 and complex karyotype] and the biologically and clinically relevant @entity981 ploidy subgroups were prospectively defined. RESULTS: @entity2008 were found in 52% of the cases with a high rate of poor-risk translocations - t(9;22), t(8q24), t(11q23), t(1;19). The total CR rate was 67% and the median time for achievement 2.33 months. Male sex, an age below 35 years and the absence of high risk translocations might have contributed to the high CR rates. Female @entity1 , hyperdiplody, low white blood cells (WBC), and random cytogenetic aberrations had the longest @entity1349 . @entity1349 , 3- and 5-years survival periods were significantly shorter for poor-risk than standard risk group (p=.015, p=.001 and p=.005, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the lack of influence of cytogenetic aberrations on the CR and the time to achieve CR. However, our observations show that these aberrations are an independent prognostic factor in adult @entity981 - they allow predicting therapy resistance and the @entity1349 time after intense treatment.

title: Influence of detection of pretreatment cytogenetic abnormalities on first complete remission and survival in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the clinical target volume (CTV) and fraction dose on quality of life (QoL) after external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A group of 283 @entity1 has been surveyed prospectively before, at the last day, at a median time of 2 months and 15 months after EBRT (70.2-72 Gy) using a validated questionnaire (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite). EBRT of prostate alone (P, n = 70) versus prostate with seminal vesicles (PS, n = 213) was compared. Differences of fraction doses (1.8 Gy, n = 80, vs. 2.0 Gy, n = 69) have been evaluated in the @entity1 group receiving a total dose of 72 Gy. RESULTS: Significantly higher bladder and rectum volumes were found at all dose levels for the @entity1 with PS versus P within the CTV (p < 0.001). Similar volumes resulted in the groups with different fraction doses. Paradoxically, bowel function scores decreased significantly less 2 and 15 months after EBRT of PS versus P. 2 months after EBRT, @entity1 with a fraction dose of 2.0 Gy versus 1.8 Gy reported @entity158 with urination (> or = once a day in 12% vs. 3%; p = 0.04) and @entity158 (> or = rarely in 46% vs. 29%; p = 0.05) more frequently. No long-term differences were found. CONCLUSION: The risk of adverse QoL changes after EBRT for @entity263 cannot be derived from the dose-volume histogram alone. Seminal vesicles can be included in the CTV up to a moderate total dose without adverse effects on QoL. Apart from a longer recovery period, higher fraction doses were not associated with higher @entity137 .

title: Impact of the target volume (prostate alone vs. prostate with seminal vesicles) and fraction dose (1.8 Gy vs. 2.0 Gy) on quality of life changes after external-beam radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful bowel movements']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity6586 ( @entity6586 ) is the main etiological agent in @entity1547 . Its virulence factors are the proteins PAc and glucosyltransferase (GTF), which are related to its physiopathogenia and have been used in research for a @entity1547 vaccine. It was reported that using experimental animal models, GTF-I(1301-1322) synthetic peptide from the GLU region of the GTFs has Tepitopes, induces production of serum antibodies in saliva and reduces the presence of caries, but little is known about the cellular response in naturally sensitized @entity1 . The aim of this study was to observe whether GTF-I(1301-1322) peptide is capable of activating @entity404 + T cells in PBMC from naturally sensitized @entity1 , to classify the response and to establish the relationship with @entity1547 . The study was conducted on 30 individuals classified into the following 3 groups: active caries (AC), History of Caries (HC), and free of caries (H). A blood sample was drawn from each individual. Specific antigen stimulation and flow cytometry analyses were used to determine cells producing the cytokines @entity4047 (type 2 cytokine). Cell memory response to GTF-I(1301-1322) peptide was found in naturally sensitized @entity1 . Three different responses were detected: TH0, @entity1198 , and NR. The percentage of @entity404 + T cells producing the cytokines @entity379 (type 1 cytokine) was greater than the percentage producing @entity4047 (p=0.006). No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups for the other variables studied (p < or = 0.05). In conclusion, specific cellular immune responses against the GTF-I(1301-1322) peptide of @entity6586 does not differ between individuals who are naturally sensitized, caries- resistant or with caries.

title: Cytokines produced by @entity404 + T cells against a synthetic GTF-I(1301-1322) peptide of @entity6586 in naturally sensitized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity4047 :: ('3596', 'Gene') :: ['IL-13', 'IFN-gamma (type 1 cytokine) and IL-13']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of @entity11795 among primary school @entity1 in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter, observational, cross-sectional, epidemiologic, regional study. After sample size calculation, a total of 1687 questionnaires were sent to schools. Nocturnal @entity11795 was defined as <loss of urine occurring during sleep, at least once a month>. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity11795 found in primary school @entity1 aged 6-11 years was 7.8%, decrease with age, and was significantly greater in @entity1 (70%). @entity1 without @entity11795 were taller and had a greater weight than those with @entity11795 , but the differences were not statistically significant. No differences were found in the family or educational setting between @entity1 with and without @entity11795 . Seventy-three percent of @entity1 with @entity11795 had a family history of the condition. The disorder also occurred in some sibling of 21% of @entity1 with @entity11795 who had siblings. Fifty-five percent of the bedwetting population had primary @entity11795 . Thirty-one percent of @entity1 with @entity11795 reported losses every night, 38% at least once a week, and 31% at least once a month. Eighty-seven percent of this population was under treatment for this condition. As regards subjective symptoms, 96.9% said they felt fine, but there were more bedwetting @entity1 who reported feeling a little bit uncomfortable (76.7% vs 23.1%; P=.004). CONCLUSIONS: Enuresis is a common disorder which is significantly more frequent in @entity1 as compared to @entity1 and whose prevalence decreases with age. It has a significant hereditary component. Most @entity11795 sufferers take measures against urine losses.

title: [Prevalence of nocturnal XXXX in the Valencian Community. Pediatric section of the National Incontinence Survey. The EPICC Study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

answer: @entity11795 :: (MESH:D004775,Disease) :: ['enuresis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Corticosteroids are an important contributor to @entity407 . Since 2004, we have used a @entity134 minimization immunosuppression protocol. This study investigated the effect of @entity134 minimization on @entity2299 in pediatric renal allograft recipients. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 (<18 years) who underwent renal transplants at our center from January 2001 to January 2008 were studied. Data analyzed included age, gender, race, body mass index, @entity165 , @entity412 , LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and @entity134 dose. Data between the cohorts receiving maintenance @entity230 and @entity134 -minimization were compared using multivariable analyses. The primary outcome measures were the prevalence of, and the effect of @entity134 use, on @entity2299 . RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 were studied. Sixteen were receiving maintenance @entity230 , and 13 were on a @entity134 minimization regimen. Mixed effects analysis of covariance models demonstrated that at 1 month, @entity1 receiving maintenance @entity230 had higher @entity165 compared with the @entity134 minimization group. Statistically significant differences in total @entity165 were not seen at other time points. Similar findings were noted for the LDL @entity165 , LDL/HDL, and @entity165 /HDL ratios. At 1 month, the serum HDL @entity165 was substantially lower in the @entity134 minimization group. Differences in the HDL @entity165 levels remained significant throughout the first year. CONCLUSIONS: @entity134 use is a significant independent risk factor for @entity1007 during the first post-transplant month. The significance of lower HDL @entity165 among @entity1 receiving @entity134 minimization needs further study and may be cause for concern.

title: Unusual pattern of @entity2299 in @entity1 receiving XXXX minimization immunosuppression after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['posttransplant hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity21 associated with @entity2383 are difficult to treat and can lead to considerable disability. Moreover, potential new treatment trials on the horizon highlight the importance of genotype-phenotype associations and deep phenotyping of the @entity717 related to @entity2383 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the phenotype, genetic etiology, and investigation of @entity21 in a large and well-defined @entity2383 cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : An observational cohort study at a single national referral center. Among 678 @entity1 (87% adults) followed up at the Newcastle @entity2383 specialized referral center between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2015, 42 @entity1 (12 @entity4806 , 30 adult) with genetic or biochemical evidence of @entity2383 and with 1 or more predefined @entity21 ( @entity304 , @entity3519 , @entity400 , @entity4790 , and @entity4531 ) were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We investigated the prevalence and genetic causes of @entity3519 and @entity304 as well as radiological findings in the context of @entity717 in @entity2383 . All @entity1 were interviewed and examined. All available medical notes and clinical, radiological, and genetic investigations were reviewed. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 (mean [SD] age, 37 [25] years; 38% female) with @entity2383 (12 @entity4806 [age range, 4-14 years], 30 adult [age range, 20-81 years]) with @entity21 were identified. @entity3519 manifested in 11 @entity4806 @entity1 (92%), often in the context of @entity8433 ; @entity304 predominated in 13 adult @entity1 (43%), among whom 5 (38%) harbored either dominant (n   =   1) or recessive (n   =   4) mutations in @entity22992 . Eleven adult @entity1 (37%) manifested with either generalized or multifocal @entity3519 related to mutations in mitochondrial DNA, among which the most common were the @entity34623 mutation and mutations in @entity26560 (3 of 11 @entity1 [27%] each). Bilateral basal ganglia lesions were the most common finding in brain magnetic resonance imaging, usually associated with generalized @entity3519 or @entity8433 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity3519 , often associated with @entity8433 , was the most common @entity21 among @entity4806 @entity1 with @entity2383 . @entity304 was the most prevalent @entity21 in adults and was commonly associated with @entity22992 mutations; @entity3519 was predominantly associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations. These findings may help direct genetic screening in a busy neurology outpatient setting.

title: Clinical, Genetic, and Radiological Features of XXXX in @entity2383 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity8433 :: ('MESH:D007888', 'Disease') :: ['Leigh syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'Dystonia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapyramidal movement disorders', 'extrapyramidal movement disorders', 'extrapyramidal movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['Extrapyramidal Movement Disorders']