abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intra-articular injection (IAI) of both hyaluronic acid (HA) and depot- @entity479 preparations had the advantage of quick and prolonged favorable effects on @entity158 relief among @entity1 with symptomatic @entity626 ( @entity13103 ). The effect of IAI of HA on the systemic effects of the intra-articular @entity230 had not been investigated. Non-selected @entity1 attending the rheumatology clinic with symptomatic @entity13103 who failed NSAIDS and physical therapy were offered an IAI of HA at the knee joint followed 20  min later by an IAI of 1  ml of @entity5935 Chronodose at the same joint (group 1). Morning serum levels of @entity701 were obtained just prior to the IAI and 1, 2 and 8  days later. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were obtained also from all the @entity1 . Age- and sex-matched group of @entity1 from the same clinic were recruited as a control group (group 2). Mean baseline serum @entity701 levels in group 1 was 381        154  mmol/l vs. 376        119 in group 2 (p   =   0.954). Morning serum @entity701 levels at day 1 and day 2 were 24        6 and 22        6  mmol/l, respectively, in group 1 @entity1 vs. 27        5.8 (p   =   0.214) and 25        5.6  mmol/l (p   =   0.200), respectively, in group 2. These levels were significantly lower than baseline levels in each group. Morning serum @entity701 levels at day 8 in group 1 and group 2 were 349        128 and 314        99  mmol/l, respectively (p   =   0.419). Pre-injection of HA at the knee joint did not affect the systemic effect on the @entity2339 of IAI of Celestone Chronodose.

title: Pre-injection of hyaluronic acid does not affect the systemic effects of intra-articular depot XXXX injection at the knee joint.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Celestone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity5935 :: (MESH:D001623,Chemical) :: ['betamethasone']


abstract: The effects of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists on smooth muscle tone and on cholinergic excitatory and non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory responses to field stimulation have been investigated in the @entity35 gastric fundus in-vitro. None of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonists tested, @entity1063 , @entity2647 , @entity20253 , @entity46193 or UK-14,304 showed any contractile effects at concentrations up to 30 microM. In preparations where tone was raised by barium (0.5-2 mM), the mixed alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist @entity1063 (0.01-10 microM), and the selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists @entity20253 (0.01-10 microM) and @entity2647 (0.01-10 microM) produced concentration-dependent relaxations which were antagonized by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity3159 (0.01-1.0 microM). The selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists UK-14,304 (0.03-30 microM) and guanoxabenz (0.03-30 microM), had no relaxant effects in raised tone. UK-14,304 (0.03-1.0 microM) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of cholinergic nerve-induced responses which was antagonized by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity9006 (0.03-1.0 microM) but not by @entity3159 (0.03-1.0 microM). @entity1063 (0.03-1.0 microM) also produced an inhibition of cholinergic nerve-induced responses which was antagonized by @entity9006 (0.03-1.0 microM). A small component of the @entity1063 inhibitory effects was antagonized by @entity3159 (10%). @entity20253 (0.03-1.0 microM) produced a small inhibition of cholinergic nerve-induced responses which was antagonized by @entity3159 (0.03-1.0 microM). The @entity3159 -sensitive components of the inhibitory effects of @entity1063 and @entity20253 occurred at concentrations which also produced post-junctional relaxation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pre- and post-junctional alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in the XXXX gastric fundus in-vitro.

entities_list: @entity46193 :: ('MESH:C028782', 'Chemical') :: ['guanoxabenz']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity20253 :: ('MESH:C014282', 'Chemical') :: ['Cirazoline', 'cirazoline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8047 is a member of the MAPK signalling cascade that is commonly activated in @entity320 . Direct inhibition of @entity8047 blocks cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. We aimed to analyse safety, efficacy, and genotyping data for the oral, small-molecule @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5459 in @entity1 with @entity320 . METHODS: We undertook a multicentre, phase 1 three-part study (dose escalation, cohort expansion, and pharmacodynamic assessment). The main results of this study are reported elsewhere; here we present data relating to @entity1 with @entity320 . We obtained @entity5 samples to assess @entity817 mutational status, and available tissues underwent exploratory genotyping analysis. Disease response was measured by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 , and adverse events were defined by common @entity137 criteria. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00687622. FINDINGS: 97 @entity1 with @entity320 were enrolled, including 81 with cutaneous or unknown primary @entity320 (36 @entity817 mutant, 39 @entity817 wild-type, six @entity817 status unknown), and 16 with @entity2184 . The most common treatment-related adverse events were @entity1910 or @entity1909 acneiform (n=80; 82%) and @entity294 (44; 45%), most of which were grade 2 or lower. No @entity957 were recorded. Of 36 @entity1 with @entity817 mutations, 30 had not received a @entity817 inhibitor before; two complete responses (both confirmed) and ten partial responses (eight confirmed) were noted in this subgroup (confirmed response rate, 33%). Median progression-free survival of this subgroup was 5  7 months (95% CI 4  0-7  4). Of the six @entity1 who had received previous @entity817 inhibition, one unconfirmed partial response was recorded. Of 39 @entity1 with @entity817 wild-type @entity320 , four partial responses were confirmed (confirmed response rate, 10%). INTERPRETATION: Our data show substantial clinical activity of @entity5459 in @entity320 and suggest that @entity8047 is a valid therapeutic target. Differences in response rates according to mutations indicate the importance of mutational analyses in the future. FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline.

title: Activity of the oral @entity8047 inhibitor XXXX in @entity1 with advanced @entity320 : a phase 1 dose-escalation trial.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5459 :: ('MESH:C560077', 'Chemical') :: ['trametinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5459 :: (MESH:C560077,Chemical) :: ['trametinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate whether diagnostic agreement across different diagnostic systems improves in a sample of @entity102 @entity1 suffering from functional @entity716 compared to first-admitted @entity1 . SAMPLING AND METHODS: Among 353 @entity1 with a history of functional @entity716 , a subset of 100 individuals (35 @entity1 and 65 @entity1 ) were randomly sampled and assessed using the @entity716 ( @entity716 ). Based on the @entity716 diagnoses the subjects suffering from @entity161 and @entity161 spectrum disorders according to seven diagnostic systems were identified. Diagnostic agreement was assessed using unweighted kappa-statistics and pairwise concordance rates (CR). RESULTS: High diagnostic agreement of @entity161 was observed across the ICD-10 and DSM systems (CR >0.70, kappa >0.70), which all had a significantly lower concordance to the St. Louis Criteria (SLC), research diagnostic criteria and Schneider's @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) (0.32< CR <0.66; -0.10< kappa <0.51). Agreement on @entity161 across all systems was observed for one fourth of the subjects. Elimination of the diagnostic impact of 'co-occurrence of @entity716 and affective symptoms' excluded @entity1109 standalone individuals from the sample, increased overall homogeneity and resulted in a dichotomized sample according to SLC (46 positive vs. 47 negative). SLC status could be predicted in 78% of cases by four items relating to family history and psychosocial function previous to the onset of illness. Similarly high pairwise CR were observed for @entity161 spectrum disorders across all diagnostic systems. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that diagnostic agreement is higher among @entity102 @entity1 than that observed in subjects with a recent onset of @entity716 , although considerable discordance is also observed in this @entity102 sample. However, the discordance among @entity102 @entity1 with functional @entity716 largely derives from the different emphasis that diagnostic systems place on co-occurrence of @entity716 and affective symptoms. This may have serious epistemological consequences, thus underlining the conventional nature of the present @entity161 diagnoses and the need for biologically founded diagnostic criteria.

title: Diagnostic agreement of @entity161 spectrum disorders among @entity102 XXXX with functional psychoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['FRS', 'first rank symptoms']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness and Affective Illness', 'psychotic', 'OPCRIT', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current response criteria in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) usually assess only three @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs): @entity158 and @entity1 global assessment. Other important PROs such as @entity1295 are not included. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate a @entity1 -derived composite response index for use in clinical trials in @entity309 , the @entity309 ( @entity309 ) score. METHODS: Ten @entity1 identified 17 domains or areas of health relevant for inclusion in the score, then 96 @entity1 (10 per country in 10 European countries) ranked these domains in order of decreasing importance. The seven most important domains were selected. Instruments were chosen for each domain after extensive literature research of psychometric properties and expert opinion. The relative weight of each of the domains was obtained from 505 @entity1 who were asked to "distribute 100 points" among the seven domains. The average ranks of importance of these domains were then computed. RESULTS: The @entity309 score includes seven domains with the following relative weights: @entity158 (21%), functional disability (16%), @entity1295 (15%), emotional well-being (12%), sleep (12%), coping (12%) and physical well-being (12%). Weights were similar across countries and across @entity1 and disease characteristics. Proposed instruments include the Health Assessment Questionnaire and numerical ratings scales. CONCLUSION: The preliminary @entity309 score is a @entity1 -derived weighted score to assess the impact of @entity309 . An ongoing study will allow the final choice of questionnaires and assessment of validity. This score can be used in clinical trials as a new composite index that captures information relevant to @entity1 .

title: Elaboration of the preliminary @entity309 Impact of Disease ( XXXX ) score: a EULAR initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA Impact of Disease', 'RAID', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain, functional disability']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['RAID']


abstract: Large fractions of the @entity1 population do not express @entity9164 and @entity4192 ( @entity48609 ) enzymes because of deletions in these genes. These variations affect xenobiotic metabolism and have been evaluated in relation to @entity2 risk, mostly based on null/present gene models. We measured @entity48609 heterozygous deletions, not tested in genome-wide association studies, in 2,120 controls and 2,100 cases from the Environment And Genetics in @entity2 Etiology (EAGLE) study. We evaluated their effect on mRNA expression on lung tissue and peripheral blood samples and their association with @entity2 risk overall and by histology types. We tested the null/present, dominant, and additive models using logistic regression. Cigarette smoking and gender were studied as possible modifiers. Gene expression from blood and lung tissue cells was strongly down regulated in subjects carrying @entity48609 deletions by both trend and dominant models (P < 0.001). In contrast to the null/present model, analyses distinguishing subjects with 0, 1, or 2 @entity48609 deletions revealed several associations. There was a @entity2 risk in never-smokers (OR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.23-0.82; P = 0.01) and @entity1 (OR = 0.50; 95%CI = 0.28-0.90; P = 0.02) carrying 1 or 2 @entity9164 deletions. Analogously, male smokers had an increased risk (OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.0-1.28; P = 0.05) and @entity1 a decreased risk (OR = 0.78; 95%CI = 0.63-0.97; P = 0.02) for increasing @entity4192 deletions. The corresponding gene smoking and gene-gender interactions were significant (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that decreased activity of @entity48609 enzymes elevates @entity2 risk in male smokers, likely due to @entity73 . A protective effect of the same mutations may be operative in never-smokers and @entity1 , possibly because of reduced activity of other genotoxic chemicals.

title: @entity9164 and @entity4192 copy numbers and mRNA expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ["impaired carcinogens' detoxification"]

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'decreased lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate a risk of @entity5 index incorporating menopausal status, serum @entity10224 level and pelvic ultrasound features in the pre-operative diagnosis of @entity43 . DESIGN: A retrospective observational study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal London Hospital. SUBJECTS: One hundred and twenty-four @entity1 admitted consecutively to the gynaecology department for surgical exploration of an @entity4134 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The sensitivities and specificities of menopausal status, serum @entity10224 level and ultrasound features, in isolation and combined (the risk of @entity5 index (RMI)), for diagnosing @entity43 . RESULTS: Tested on a new population of @entity1 , the RMI retained the high sensitivity for diagnosing @entity43 seen in the original report describing its derivation. The specificity, however, was lower. The study confirmed that the RMI is more accurate than the individual criteria in diagnosing @entity43 , and was comparable with other scoring systems. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity5 index is a simple scoring system for @entity43 . Application of the risk of @entity5 index in clinical practice may provide a rational basis for specialist referral of @entity1 with @entity43 before diagnostic surgery.

title: The @entity4134 : benign or malignant? Evaluation of a risk of XXXX index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal mass']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of laboratory parameters, including peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and microscopic urinalysis (UA), for identifying febrile @entity1 younger than 8 weeks of age at risk for @entity293 ( @entity293 ), and comparison of standard UA and hemocytometer WBC counts for predicting the presence of @entity293 . METHODS: A total of 162 febrile @entity1 <8 weeks of age were enrolled in this prospective study. All underwent clinical evaluation and laboratory investigation, including WBC count and differential; ESR; @entity1851 ; blood culture; a lumbar puncture for cell count and differential, @entity413 level, protein level, Gram stain, and culture; and a UA and urine culture. All urine specimens were obtained by suprapubic aspiration and microscopically analyzed with standard UA as well as with hemocytometer WBC counts. Quantitative urine cultures were performed. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, likelihood ratios, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined for each of the screening tests. RESULTS: There were 22 positive urine culture results of at least 100 colony-forming unit/mL. Eighteen of these 22 @entity1 were males, and all were uncircumcised. There were significant differences for @entity4658 >/=5 WBCs/hpf, @entity4658 >/=10 WBC/microL, @entity1851 >20 mg/L, and ESR >30 mm/hour between culture-positive and culture-negative groups (P <.05). The ROC area for hemocytometer WBC count, standard UA, peripheral WBC count, ESR, and @entity1851 concentration were.909 +/-.045,.791 +/-.065,.544 +/-.074,. 787 +/-.060, and.822 +/-.036, respectively. The ROC curve analysis indicates that the @entity1851 , ESR, and standard UA were powerful but imperfect tools with which to discriminate for @entity293 in potentially infected neonates. Hemocytometer WBC counts had the highest sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and likelihood ratios for identifying very young @entity1 with positive urine culture results. For all assessments, hemocytometer WBC counts were significantly different, compared with the standard urinalysis. ESR, @entity1851 , and peripheral WBC counts were not helpful in identifying @entity293 in febrile @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity293 had a prevalence of 13.6% in febrile @entity1 <8 weeks of age. The @entity1851 , ESR, and standard UA were imperfect tools in discriminating for @entity293 , and the sensitivity of these laboratory parameters was relatively low. Hemocytometer WBC count was a significantly better predictor of @entity293 in febrile @entity1 .

title: @entity293 in febrile XXXX younger than eight weeks of Age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Toxin-conjugates, complexes designed from the fusion of tissue toxins and pathology-specific ligands, offer the potential for targeted cytotoxic therapy. Some have postulated that the recurrent failure of these conjugates to exhibit benefit in animal models of @entity1317 arose because the timing and frequency of conjugate delivery were insufficient to meet the demands of the arterial wall. Previous data suggest that increasingly frequent dosing would lead to superior inhibition of intimal @entity1373 . We now report on the biological effects of the controlled release of a recombinant conjugate of @entity12270 ( @entity12270 ) and the plant toxin saporin (SAP), @entity12270 -SAP. Alginate/heparin-Sepharose microspheres and films were designed as drug carriers to control release the @entity12270 -SAP conjugate or @entity12270 alone in small doses. When @entity12270 -SAP-incorporated microspheres or films were implanted adjacent to balloon angioplastied porcine carotid arteries, the controlled release of @entity12270 -SAP over the four-week study stimulated rather than @entity1373 . When these same devices were used in cell culture, unexpected findings were produced. @entity12270 -SAP reduced in vitro @entity291 vascular smooth muscle cell growth at high concentrations (1-10 microgram/mL) but increased smooth muscle cell growth at lower concentrations (up to 1 microgram/mL). Microsphere controlled-released @entity12270 -SAP ( approximately 60 ng/mL over 4 days) stimulated the growth of smooth muscle cells more than any of the tested bolus applications of the conjugate. These data provide cause to reconsider our acceptance of controlled release technology as the answer to all forms of drug delivery problems, and to apply more rigorous means of matching the kinetics of drug delivery to the kinetics of the vascular response to injury.

title: The biologic effects of growth factor-toxin conjugates in models of XXXX depend on dose, mode of delivery, and animal species.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['inhibited hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity12270 :: ('281161(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require that health risk from exposure to @entity6681 be assessed. @entity6681 is a nasal carcinogen in @entity35 , but not @entity19 , and induces @entity528 in both species. A biologically based approach to extrapolating risks of inhalation exposure from @entity35 to @entity1 was developed, which incorporates critical determinants of interspecies dosimetry. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describing uptake and metabolism of @entity6681 in @entity35 nose was validated against nasal deposition data collected at three airflow rates. The model was also validated against observations of metabolically derived @entity3094 . Modifying the @entity35 nose model to reflect @entity1 anatomy created a PBPK model of the @entity1 nose. Metabolic constants from both @entity35 and @entity1 specific for @entity6681 and @entity3094 metabolism enabled predictions of various olfactory tissue dosimeters related to the mode of action. Model predictions of these dosimeters in @entity35 corresponded well with observations of @entity6681 @entity137 . Intracellular pH (pHi) of olfactory epithelial cells was predicted to drop significantly at airborne exposure concentrations above the NOAEL of 50 ppm. Benchmark dose methods were used to estimate the ED10 and LED10 for @entity528 , the precursor lesion thought to drive cellular proliferation and eventually @entity5 development at excess cellular @entity3094 levels. A concentration x time adjustment was applied to the benchmark dose values. @entity1 -equivalent concentrations were calculated by using the @entity1 PBPK model to predict concentrations that yield similar cellular levels of @entity1543 , @entity3094 , and pHi. After the application of appropriate uncertainty factors, an ambient air value of 0.4 to 1.0 ppm was derived. The biologically based approach supports a workplace standard of 10 ppm.

title: A biologically based risk assessment for @entity6681 -induced @entity5 and noncancer inhalation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6681 :: ('MESH:C011566', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinyl acetate', 'vinyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Ultrasonography can be efficiently performed using new criteria for the diagnosis of @entity697 . DESIGN: Prospective trial. @entity1 : Eighty-nine @entity1 admitted to the hospital with @entity698 between March 1998 and November 2000. INTERVENTION: At hospital admission, a staff surgeon evaluated each @entity1 and determined whether the @entity1 had @entity698 requiring immediate surgery or another disease. @entity1 then underwent ultrasonography. A sonographic transducer was placed on the area of maximal tenderness. When the pathological manifestation was depicted, the examiner slipped a fingertip between the transducer and the @entity1 's skin and then pressed the area of depicted pathological manifestation to find pinpoint tenderness. When maximal pinpoint tenderness was noted on the appendix or on pathological manifestations contiguous to the appendix, we diagnosed the condition as @entity698 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy. RESULTS: The diagnosis of @entity698 by this criteria had a sensitivity of 86.7%, a specificity of 89.7%, a positive predictive value of 94.5%, a negative predictive value of 76.5%, and overall accuracy of 87.6%. All 50 @entity1 with pinpoint tenderness noted on the appendix had @entity698 . The surgeon's initial clinical impression had a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity of 44.8%, a positive predictive value of 75.8%, a negative predictive value of 56.5%, and overall accuracy of 70.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of ultrasonography using the simple criteria was superior to that of the surgeon's initial clinical impression (P<.001). Our ultrasonographic criteria for the diagnosis of @entity698 are simple to use and efficient.

title: Detection of pinpoint tenderness on the appendix under ultrasonography is useful to confirm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis', 'suspected appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess 2 methods of RNA purification by use of different quality metrics and identify the most useful metric for quality assessment of RNA extracted from articular cartilage from @entity235 with @entity571 . SAMPLE POPULATION: 40 articular cartilage specimens from the femoral heads of 3 clinically normal @entity235 and 37 @entity235 with @entity571 . PROCEDURES: RNA was extracted from articular cartilage by 2 purification methods. Quality metrics of each sample were determined and recorded by use of a UV spectrophotometer (Spec I; to determine the 260 to 280 nm absorbance ratio [A(260):A(280) ratio]), a second UV spectrophotometer (Spec II; to determine A(260):A(280) and A(260):A(230) absorbance ratios), and a microfluidic capillary electrophoresis analyzer (to determine the ribosomal peak ratio [RR], degradation factor [DF], and @entity26364 [ @entity26364 ]). The RNA was extracted from affected (osteoarthritic) articular cartilage and assessed with the same quality metrics. Metric results were compared with visual analysis of the electropherogram to determine the most useful RNA quality metric. RESULTS: No differences in methods of RNA purification were determined by use of quality metrics. The RNA extracted from unaffected (normal) cartilage was of higher quality than that extracted from affected (osteoarthritic) cartilage, as determined by the @entity26364 and Spec II A(260):A(230) ratio. The @entity26364 and RR were the most sensitive metrics for determining RNA quality, whereas the DF was most specific. A significant proportion (32%) of RNA extracted from osteoarthritic articular cartilage specimens was determined as being of low quality. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: No single metric provided a completely sensitive and specific assessment of the quality of RNA recovered from articular cartilage.

title: Assessment of the use of RNA quality metrics for the screening of articular cartilage specimens from clinically normal XXXX and @entity235 with @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity26364 :: ('MESH:D012327', 'Disease') :: ['RIN', 'RNA integrity number']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity2383 is associated with @entity65 ; however, data on a possible association with @entity8 are scarce. Here, we aimed at investigating whether 1) @entity8 is related to @entity2383 ; and 2) ANG II blockade, compared with @entity141 channel blockade, can reverse potential mitochondrial changes in @entity101 . Eight-week-old male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) received water containing @entity9886 (40 mg.kg-1.day-1, SHR+Los), @entity3591 (3 mg.kg-1.day-1, SHR+Amlo), or no additions (SHR) for 6 mo. @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) were normotensive controls. Glomerular and @entity16 , systolic blood pressure, and @entity644 were higher, and @entity1011 clearance was lower in SHR vs. SHR+Los and WKY. In SHR+Amlo, blood pressure was similar to WKY, kidney function was similar to SHR, and @entity8 were lower than in SHR, but higher than in SHR+Los. In kidney mitochondria from SHR and SHR+Amlo, membrane potential, @entity842 synthase, @entity921 - @entity224 dismutase and cytochrome oxidase activities, and uncoupling protein-2 content were lower than in SHR+Los and WKY. In SHR and SHR+Amlo, mitochondrial @entity274 production was higher than in SHR+Los and WKY. Renal @entity2041 content was lower in SHR+Amlo relative to SHR, SHR+Los, and WKY. In SHR and SHR+Amlo, @entity2041 was relatively more oxidized than in SHR+Los and WKY. Tubulointerstitial @entity1918 labeling was inversely related to @entity921 - @entity224 dismutase activity and uncoupling protein-2 content. These findings suggest that oxidant stress is associated with @entity8 in SHR. The mitochondrial-antioxidant actions of @entity9886 may be an additional or alternative way to explain some of the beneficial effects of AT1-receptor antagonists.

title: Renal @entity2383 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 is attenuated by @entity9886 but not by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney impairment', 'renal lesions', 'kidney damage', 'renal mitochondrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular damage']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Mitochondrial dysfunction', 'mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['amlodipine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cyclical patterns of compliance have been observed with many health-related activities such as dieting and exercise. It is not known whether such patterns of compliance exist among users of chronic medications. We sought to estimate the percentage of @entity1 who restart @entity170 therapy after a prolonged lapse in medication use and to identify the factors associated with a return to compliance. METHODS: We studied 26,636 new users of an @entity170 medication ( @entity561 , @entity175 , @entity172 , @entity441 , or @entity562 ) who were age 65 or older and had an extended lapse in refill compliance, defined as a period of at least 60 days after the completion of one prescription in which no refill for any @entity170 medication was obtained. Survival curves were used to estimate the length of time until therapy is resumed. We estimated the association between @entity1 characteristics and the rate of resuming treatment using Cox proportional hazards analysis. We then conducted a case crossover analysis to examine whether certain events occurring during follow-up triggered a return to refill compliance. RESULTS: Of @entity1 who stopped therapy for at least 60 days, an estimated 30% restarted treatment within 6 months, and 50% restarted within 2 years. Among @entity1 who had at least 6 months of continuous use before their interruption in treatment (n=5863), 42% restarted therapy within 6 months and 59% within 2 years. Younger @entity1 , @entity1 , and those with a history of a @entity174 were more likely to return after a break in medication use. Recent @entity173 , discharges from nursing homes, and bone mineral density testing also predicted a return to treatment. CONCLUSION: Extended gaps in treatment are common among users of @entity170 medications. Because the effectiveness of these drugs used in an interrupted way is unknown, compliance interventions should emphasize the need for continuous medication use. Further research is needed to understand why @entity1 often go for months without refilling prescriptions and also whether similar utilization patterns exist for other chronic medications.

title: Gaps in treatment among users of XXXX medications: the dynamics of noncompliance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: A case-control study among white @entity1 in western New York was conducted from 1975 through 1985 to examine diet and other risk factors for @entity5 . Incident pathologically confirmed cases (250) and age- and neighborhood-matched controls (250) were interviewed to determine usual diet and lifetime use of @entity286 and @entity167 . Cigarettes were strongly associated with risk; pipes and cigars were not. Beer and hard liquor but not wine were associated with increased risk. Dietary fat and @entity21757 were related to risk in opposite ways. The upper quartile odds ratio for dietary fat was 2.40 [95% confidence interval 1.26, 4.55], and the upper quartile odds ratio for @entity21757 was 0.51 (0.26, 1.01). There was effect modification by smoking. Carotenoids were most negatively associated with risk among the lightest smokers, whereas dietary fat was most positively associated with risk among the heaviest smokers. Total calories, protein, and @entity904 were associated with increased risk; there was no relationship between @entity5 and @entity620 , @entity270 , @entity1735 , or dietary fiber. This study again demonstrates the strong association between @entity286 and @entity167 and @entity5 and also suggests that diets low in @entity21757 and high in fat may increase risk.

title: Diet, smoking, and @entity167 in XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity21757 :: ('MESH:C567296', 'Disease') :: ['carotenoids']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the larynx']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the outcomes of @entity1 with @entity4422 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records. SETTING: @entity1 admitted from the injury scene or transferred within 24 hours to a level 1 @entity130 center. @entity1 : Thirty-three @entity1 sustaining @entity130 had @entity174 and adjacent wounding. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment protocol that included selective fecal diversion, measures to @entity548 and prevent wound @entity295 , manage associated pelvic injuries, and provide optimal orthopedic outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Death and @entity295 . RESULTS: Exsanguination occurred in one @entity1 and @entity204 owing to @entity542 occurred in five @entity1 . @entity295 occurred in 31% of @entity1 with colostomy and 19% without colostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Management of @entity4422 requires a well-coordinated group using several techniques. Selected @entity1 with @entity4422 do not require fecal diversion. Incisions for orthopedic surgery should be considered when decisions are made regarding fecal diversion.

title: Selective fecal diversion in complex XXXX from @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Wound sepsis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['arrest hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity4422 :: (MESH:D005597,Disease) :: ['open pelvic fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown @entity179 and spine injuries in the competitive female gymnast. However, it has also been shown that many of these findings are found in asymptomatic athletic @entity1 of the same age. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies evaluating the gymnastic spine have not made a distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic athletes. Our hypothesis is that MRI will demonstrate the same types of abnormalities in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic gymnasts. DESIGN: Olympic-level female gymnasts received prospectively an MRI exam of the lumbar spine. Each of the gymnasts underwent a physical exam by a sports medicine physician just prior to the MRI for documentation of @entity1643 . Each MRI exam was evaluated for anterior apophyseal ring @entity130 , compression @entity85 , spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, @entity179 , focal disk protrusion/extrusion, @entity121 , epidural mass, and bone-marrow @entity4 . @entity1 : Nineteen Olympic-level female gymnasts (age 12-20 years) were evaluated prospectively in this study. All of these gymnasts were evaluated while attending a specific training camp. RESULTS: Anterior ring apophyseal injuries (9/19) and @entity179 (12/19) were common. Spondylolysis (3/19) and spondylolisthesis (3/19) were found. Focal bone-marrow @entity4 was found in both L3 pedicles in one gymnast. History and physical exam revealed four gymnasts with current @entity1643 at the time of imaging. There were findings confined to those athletes with current @entity1643 : spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, bilateral pedicle bone-marrow @entity4 , and @entity121 . CONCLUSIONS: Our initial hypothesis was not confirmed, in that there were findings that were confined to the symptomatic group of elite-level female gymnasts.

title: Lumbar spine MRI in the elite-level female gymnast with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['increased degenerative disk changes', 'degenerative disk disease', 'degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of the vertebral body']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle strain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion injury']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5419 is a common health problem and can cause @entity2021 . Avoidance of the offending food allergen is still the mainstay therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigated the role of plasma cell reduction by proteasome inhibition in a @entity19 model of @entity5419 and examined the impact of this treatment on the systemic and local immune response. For this purpose, intestinal @entity2021 was induced in BALB/c @entity19 with the food allergen hazelnut, in conjunction with different adjuvants (alum and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B SEB) and different administration routes (oral and intraperitoneal). In both models, @entity566 symptoms were observed, but the clinical severity was more pronounced in the hazelnut-alum model than in the hazelnut-SEB model. Accordingly, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) against hazelnut was detectable, and mast cell protease-1 in serum was increased after allergen provocation. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 reduced plasma cells and resulted in an abolishment of hazelnut allergen-specific IgE, which was associated with amelioration of clinical symptoms as well as a significant decrease in both @entity6440 (+) and follicular B lymphocytes. Our data demonstrate the importance of allergen-specific @entity5419 and point to B cells as potential therapeutic targets for its treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX treatment diminishes hazelnut-induced intestinal @entity2021 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['Food allergy', 'food allergy', 'IgE in food allergy']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['Bortezomib']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of mild @entity3562 as a risk factor for @entity2806 may depend on @entity64 subtype. To test this hypothesis, we undertook a prospective case-control study of a group of @entity1 with spontaneous cervical @entity4066 (sCAD), a group of @entity1 with @entity64 (non-CAD), and a group of control subjects. METHODS: Fasting total plasma @entity1255 (tHcy) concentration, @entity9770 @entity9769 genotype, and 844ins68bp CBS genotype were determined in 25 @entity1 with sCAD, 31 @entity1 <45 years of age with non-CAD @entity385 , and 36 control subjects. Biochemical data in the @entity1 groups were obtained within the first 72 hours of @entity64 onset. RESULTS: Median tHcy levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with sCAD (13.2 micromol/L; range, 7 to 32.8 micromol/L) compared with control subjects (8.9 micromol/L; range, 5 to 17.3 micromol/L; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.52; P=0.006). Cases with tHcy concentration above the cutoff level of 12 micromol/L were significantly more represented in the group of @entity1 with sCAD compared with control subjects (64% versus 13.9%; 95% CI, 2.25 to 44.23; P=0.003); a significant association between the @entity9769 TT genotype and sCAD was also observed (36% versus 11.1%; 95% CI, 1.10 to 19.23; P=0.045). No significant difference in tHcy levels and in the prevalence of thermolabile @entity9769 was found between @entity1 with non-CAD @entity385 and control subjects and between @entity1 with sCAD and non-CAD @entity385 . The distribution of the 844ins68bp CBS genotype and the prevalence of subjects carrying both the TT @entity9769 and 844ins68bp CBS genotypes were not significantly different among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased plasma @entity1255 levels and the TT @entity9769 genotype may represent risk factors for sCAD. In contrast, their role in @entity64 remains a contentious issue.

title: Plasma @entity1255 concentration, @entity9770 @entity9769 genotype, and 844ins68bp CBS genotype in young adults with spontaneous cervical XXXX and @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic stroke', 'stroke', 'atherothrombotic strokes']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity4066 :: (MESH:D020217,Disease) :: ['artery dissection']


abstract: The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB system is a promising anticancer target due to its role in oncogenesis and chemoresistance in preclinical models. To provide evidence in a clinical setting on the role of @entity2451 in @entity0 , we aimed to study the value of basal @entity2451 / @entity9135 in predicting resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and to characterise the pharmacodynamic changes in @entity2451 / @entity9135 expression following chemotherapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . Pre- and post-chemotherapy @entity5 specimens from 51 @entity0 @entity1 treated with @entity4349 - and/or @entity3907 -containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assayed by immunohistochemistry for @entity2451 / @entity9135 subcellular expression. We studied @entity2451 / @entity9135 , a well-characterised member of the @entity2451 family that undergoes nuclear translocation when @entity2451 is activated. Activation of @entity2451 (i.e. nuclear @entity2451 / @entity9135 staining in pre-therapy specimens) was linked to chemoresistance. @entity1 with @entity2451 / @entity9135 nuclear staining in pre-treatment samples had a 20% clinical response rate, while @entity1 with undetected nuclear staining had a 91% response rate to chemotherapy (P = 0.002). Notably, four @entity1 achieved a complete histological response and none of them had pre-treatment @entity2451 / @entity9135 nuclear staining. Moreover, the number of @entity1 with @entity2451 / @entity9135 activation increased after chemotherapy exposure. It is concluded that @entity2451 / @entity9135 activation assayed by immunohistochemistry is a predictive factor of resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 @entity1 . Moreover, @entity2451 activation was inducible following chemotherapy in a proportion of @entity0 @entity1 . These novel clinical findings strengthen the rationale for the use of @entity2451 inhibitors to prevent or overcome chemoresistance in @entity0 .

title: Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B is linked to resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Radiotherapy is an effective approach to treating many types of @entity5 . Recent progress in radiotherapy technology, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional (3D) radiotherapy, allow precise @entity5 , which has improved local control rates. However, the emergence of tolerant cells during or after radiotherapy remains problematic. In the present study, we first established a cell population from H1299, the @entity876 -null @entity1149 cell line, by 10 Gy irradiation using 6 MV X-rays. The radio- and chemosensitivity of this cell population (referred to as H1299-IR) was determined using colony formation analyses and MTS assays. Compared with the parental cell line, the radiosensitivity of H1299-IR was apparently the same. H1299 and H1299-IR were both more radio tolerant than the A549 cell line. However, H1299-IR became significantly more sensitive to @entity900 , an antitumor agent. After exposure to 25 mug/ml @entity900 for 2 h, parental cells steadily grew during the MTS assay, whereas the sensitivity of H1299-IR cells doubled both at 24 and 48 h. Microarray analysis of over 30,000 H1299-IR genes (Agilent Technology) revealed that 12 and 15 genes were up- (> 2.0) and down- (< 2.0) regulated, respectively. @entity32839 (homologous recombination repair protein) gene was down-regulated 2.8-fold, whereas @entity3334 (collagenase-1) gene was up-regulated 4.4-fold. These results indicated that some @entity876 -null @entity1149 could be successfully treated when X-ray radiotherapy was administered with subsequent or concurrent @entity900 chemotherapy.

title: X-ray irradiation altered chemosensitivity of a @entity876 -null XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['energy transfer to the tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: After the first in vitro cultivation of @entity3964 21 years ago, the prospect of anti-malarial vaccination arose many hopes, but, in the end, it so far has mainly given rise to doubts and disappointments. Technically, the problem is particularly difficult. @entity3964 has a very complex antigenic structure with several hundreds, if not several thousands, of different epitopes for each of the four main evolutive stages of the parasite (sporozoites, merozoites, gametocytes, ookinetes) which correspond to different phase of the @entity281 and could be a target for vaccination. Many of these epitopes are stage-specific and some of them vary from one strain to another. Adjuvants also play a major role and can qualitatively modify the type of immune response. The immune mechanisms also differ according to the final goal: anti- @entity3964 @entity281 or anti-disease vaccine. Over the last few years, the first clinical assays have been carried out with the Spf66 vaccine, a synthetic complex protein directed against sporozoites and merozoites. In adults and @entity1 , the first results in South America and in East Africa were modest but encouraging. Unfortunately they were not confirmed by further studies in West Africa and South-East Asia. Two new types of vaccines are under preliminary clinical evaluation. One is directed against ookinetes of @entity3964 (Pfs25 and Pfs28) and can stop the transmission from the mosquito. The other is an anti-sporozoite vaccine with a new immunogen (RTS,S) in which the circumsporozoite protein is fused to the hepatitis B surface antigen and can protect against @entity277 . New prospects and improvements are offered by the technique of DNA vaccines and will probably also result from better knowledge of cellular and molecular biology of the parasite which is being extensively studied (genomic structure). If new promising perspectives exist, it is particularly important to be careful to avoid such disappointments as those caused, in the past, by a too-optimistic and over-publicized presentation of some preliminary results. It is now certain that one or several @entity311 -vaccines will be available, but no one can seriously say when, for whom and how. In any case, it is unrealistic to hope that vaccine(s) alone will be able to eradicate such an epidemiologically complex disease as @entity311 . It is probable that only the coordinated use of all the techniques available (anti-vectorial protection and fight, chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy, vaccination) will lead to success.

title: [Vaccination against XXXX . Disappointments and hopes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The provision and maintenance of vascular access remains a major cost to @entity454 programs. In addition, vascular access occlusion, results in significant morbidity in hemodialysis @entity1 . Age, gender, @entity6 , @entity5 , smoking habits, administration of heparin per hemodialysis session, previous dialysis catheter insertion, number of hemodialysis sessions and location of the @entity292 may be associated with survival of the primary @entity2548 . We examined the effects of various factors on @entity292 in 412 @entity740 @entity1 . METHODS: From 1995 to 2004, 412 @entity2548 were created by the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Medical Faculty of Atat  rk University for hemodialysis. The mean age of the @entity1 was 45 years (range 6 to 62 years). We evaluated the effects of various factors for patency rates in the @entity1 who had primary @entity2548 . Primary patency was defined as the duration of @entity292 patency without revision. Twenty-eight @entity1 (6.7%) with @entity299 did not require surgical interference. Analyzed data were age, gender, smoking habits, @entity6 , @entity5 , previous dialysis catheter insertion, number of hemodialysis sessions, and @entity292 location. RESULTS: In 298 @entity1 , where lower-arm radiocephalic @entity292 were created, the @entity292 patency was 74.1%, 64.2%, 49.8%, 33.7%, and 4.1% after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively, in the other 114 @entity1 , where @entity292 were created, these rates were 84.0%, 72.2%, 53.3%, 39.8%, and 12.3%, respectively. There was no significantly difference between the @entity292 and the lower-arm @entity292 statistically (p = 0.069). Factors affecting the primary patency of @entity2548 were @entity6 (p = 0.0001), hemodialysis counts > or =3 per week (p < 0.0005), presence of @entity5 (p < 0.0005), previous catheter insertion (p < 0.0007), and administration of heparin per hemodialysis session (p = 0.0008). CONCLUSION: While primary @entity2548 patency was shortened in @entity740 @entity1 with @entity6 , presence of @entity5 , and previous catheter insertion, patency was longer in @entity1 with heparin used for hemodialysis and hemodialysis count per week (> or =3).

title: Primary @entity2548 in the forearm for hemodialysis: effect of miscellaneous factors in XXXX patency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['upper-arm fistulas', 'fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are known to be key regulators of bone growth, remodeling, and repair. Since all these processes depend on the recruitment of cells with the potential to be committed to the osteoblastic lineage, we studied possible effects of @entity12067 on migration of @entity1 mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) using a modified Boyden chamber assay. The results were compared to those of primary osteoblasts and in vitro-osteogenic-differentiated MPC. @entity12067 stimulated cell migration of all these cell populations in a dose-dependent manner from 1 to 100ng/mL. The maximal chemotactic index (CI) was 4-5 for MPC and primary osteoblasts and about 3 for in vitro-differentiated MPC. Checkerboard analysis revealed that IGFs stimulated true directed cell migration (chemotaxis) and not simply chemokinesis. Addition of an antibody against the type I IGF receptor (alphaIR3) completely abolished (MPC) or markedly reduced (primary osteoblasts) the chemotactic effects of each of the IGFs. @entity2301 itself had no direct effect, while @entity14172 stimulated MPC migration at concentrations of 80 and 160ng/mL. Parallel application of @entity2301 had borderline inhibitory effects while the addition of 40ng/mL of @entity14172 enhanced the chemotactic effect of @entity442 on MPC. In conclusion, our results show that @entity12067 are chemotactic factors for MPC and indicate that @entity14172 both modulates the @entity442 effect and directly stimulates migration of @entity1 mesenchymal progenitor cells.

title: XXXX and IGF-II stimulate directed cell migration of bone-marrow-derived @entity1 mesenchymal progenitor cells.

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: A 69-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of acute @entity1069 . After admission he produced bloody sputum and chest radiograph showed bilateral infiltration of the upper lung fields. The fraction of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 15.6%, lymphocytes were 33.6%, eosinophils were 26.6% and macrophages were 23.6%. No special findings were observed in the lung tissue obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy. After admission, he displayed @entity649 with severe @entity519 as @entity1353 gradually progressed. We commenced treatment with high-dose pulse @entity1667 and neutrophil elastase inhibitor under mechanical ventilation. Because severe @entity519 was unresolved, HFOV was initiated on the 8th hospital day. His respiratory condition rapidly improved during HFOV. On the 17th hospital day, he was weaned from mechanical ventilation. HFOV seem to be safe and effective for @entity1 with severe @entity649 who failed conventional ventilation support.

title: [Case of @entity649 in which high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) was effective for the management of severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Biphasic cellular immune reactions, which follow allergen inhalation, are a specific feature of @entity32 in @entity56 . The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells and neutrophil functions after @entity7130 -induced early- and late-phase @entity748 response in @entity1 with @entity56 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 19 @entity1 with @entity56 were examined. Eleven @entity1 developed an isolated early-phase @entity748 response (EAR), whereas 8 developed both early- and late-phase (dual) @entity748 responses (DAR) after the bronchial challenge with @entity7130 . The control group included 15 healthy subjects. Peripheral blood collection was performed 24 hours before as well as 7 and 24 hours after the bronchial challenge. The percentage of Th17 cells, and @entity6722 and apoptosis of neutrophils were analyzed by flow cytometry. The serum @entity687 and @entity4155 levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: After the bronchial challenge, the percentage of Th17 and @entity4155 levels increased considerably 7 and 24 hours after the challenge in both groups of @entity1 . Moreover, 24 hours after the challenge, the percentage of Th17 cells and @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in the @entity1 with the DAR than those with the EAR or healthy controls. Seven and 24 hours after the challenge, neutrophil @entity6722 was greater in the @entity1 with the DAR as compared with those with the EAR and healthy controls as well. The apoptotic activity of neutrophils was lower 24 hours after the challenge in the @entity1 with the DAR than those with the EAR. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7130 -induced early- and late-phase @entity748 response in @entity1 with @entity56 was found to be accompanied by an increased percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells and elevated serum @entity4155 levels as well as altered neutrophil functions.

title: Peripheral blood Th17 cells and neutrophils in XXXX -induced early- and late-phase @entity748 response.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity7130 :: (6956,Species) :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']


abstract: The plasminogen activator urokinase promotes @entity5 invasion by converting plasminogen into plasmin, which degrades several extracellular matrix components. Urokinase can bind to a specific cell surface receptor, which leads to accelerated plasmin production. While there is good evidence indicating a role for this binding site in @entity5 invasion/ @entity3 , there is little information concerning the regulation of urokinase receptor expression in invasive @entity5 . To address this question a series of @entity694 cell lines, which demonstrate either a high or low ability to invade an extracellular matrix-coated porous filter, was characterized for receptor expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The invasive cell lines possessed 10-fold more receptors than their non-invasive counterparts as shown by cross-linking experiments and by Western blotting. Northern blotting indicated that this disparity in receptor number could be largely accounted for by a different amount of steady-state mRNA encoding the binding site. However, neither gene amplification nor enhanced mRNA stability could account for the augmented receptor protein observed for the invasive @entity694 cell types. In contrast, nuclear run-on experiments with representative cell lines revealed that the 10-fold difference in receptor display between the invasive-competent and @entity3 cells could be largely accounted for by differences in transcription rates. Transcription of the @entity10431 gene in the receptor-deficient GEO cells, but not in the receptor-rich RKO cells, could be augmented by protein kinase C stimulation. These findings provide a clear rationale for studies to determine if the urokinase receptor promoter in invasive @entity694 is activated in cis or in trans.

title: Transcriptional activation of the urokinase receptor gene in invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasive-deficient']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes of severe @entity63 @entity4760 for which percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was considered as the first-line vascular procedure. Factors associated with successful PTA were sought. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 32 consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with foot @entity1066 and severe @entity63 , PTA was performed if feasible; if not, primary bypass grafting was done when feasible. All @entity1 were followed until healing or for at least one year. @entity1 with worsening @entity1066 after PTA underwent bypass grafting. Clinical and angiographic factors influencing outcomes after PTA were sought by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: PTA was done in 25 of the 32 (78%) @entity1 , and considered clinically successful in 13 (52%). After 1 year, the healing rate was 70% and the limb salvage rate 90%. Successful PTA was significantly associated with a higher post-PTA transcutaneous @entity26 pressure (P = 0.03) and presence of at least one patent pedal vessel (P = 0.03) in the univariate analysis; only a patent pedal vessel was significant in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Primary PTA in @entity6 @entity1 with severe @entity63 foot @entity1066 provides similar outcomes to usual results obtained in severe @entity63 in absence of @entity6 . The presence of one patent pedal vessel on arteriography before PTA is the best prognostic factor.

title: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in severe XXXX foot @entity63 : outcomes and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic', 'limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: AIM: To examine prevalence and correlates of @entity835 among long-term cannabis users. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of patterns and experiences of cannabis use and @entity734 . SETTING AND @entity1 : A snowball sample of 243 long-term cannabis smokers, who were currently smoking 3-4 times a week, were recruited from the New South Wales North Coast, an area long associated with cannabis cultivation and use. MEASUREMENTS: A structured interview was administered, incorporating the following @entity734 measures: an approximation to a life-time DSM-III-R diagnosis, an approximation to a 12-month @entity1479 -10 diagnosis, and the Severity of @entity734 Scale ( @entity214 ). FINDINGS: Prevalence of a life-time DSM-III-R diagnosis of @entity835 was 57%, while 57% received an @entity1479 -10 @entity734 diagnosis for the last year. Substantially fewer (15%) of the sample were diagnosed as dependent according to the Severity of @entity734 Scale ( @entity214 ). Only 26% believed they had a problem with cannabis at least sometimes. There was general concordance between DSM-III-R and @entity1479 -10 measures, but not between these and the @entity214 . @entity1479 -10 and DSM-III-R @entity734 diagnoses were modestly correlated with age, life-time illicit drug use and quantity of cannabis use. Principal components analyses of the @entity734 measures provided little evidence for a @entity734 for @entity1479 -10 and DSM-III-R criteria. There was strong support for unidimensionality of the @entity214 . CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of @entity835 were common among these long-term users but only one-quarter perceived that they had a cannabis problem. There was no strong evidence for a unidimensional @entity835 .

title: Patterns and correlates of XXXX among long-term users in an Australian rural area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis dependence syndrome', 'cannabis dependence']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'unidimensional dependence syndrome', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis dependence']


abstract: @entity8 is related to long-term mortality and @entity583 after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We aimed to investigate the association between preoperative @entity8 and early risk of @entity64 , @entity583 , or @entity712 after CABG. From the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in @entity299 Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry, we included all 36,284 @entity1 who underwent primary isolated CABG from 2000 to 2008 in Sweden. The Swedish National Inpatient Registry was used to obtain the primary end point, which was rehospitalization for @entity64 , @entity583 , or @entity712  <=90 days after CABG. @entity2357 models were used to estimate the risk for the primary outcome and the secondary outcome of @entity204 from any cause, while adjusting for confounders. During 90 days of follow-up, there were 2,462 cardiovascular events and 617 deaths. In total, 17% of @entity1 developed @entity810 postoperatively. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for cardiovascular events after adjustment for age, gender, @entity955 , left ventricular ejection fraction, @entity6 , @entity1095 , and history of @entity583 , @entity712 , or @entity64 was 1.24 (1.06 to 1.45) in @entity1 with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15 to 45 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) but became nonsignificant after @entity810 was introduced into the statistical model. The risk of @entity204 was significantly increased in @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15 to 45 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (odds ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.38 to 2.25) even after adjustment for all confounders. @entity8 was associated with all-cause mortality but not with cardiovascular events during the first 3 postoperative months after primary isolated CABG.

title: Relation between preoperative @entity8 and cardiovascular events ( @entity64 , @entity583 , or XXXX or @entity204 ) within three months of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity7271 is an autoimmune blistering disease that is characterized by the presence of an antibody against an epidermal cell protein. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that the presence of the antibody in the @entity1 and in the healthy relatives of the @entity1 strongly correlates with MHC haplotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine the subclasses of IgG present in the sera of @entity1 with active disease, those in remission, healthy and unaffected relatives and normal controls. The presence of the autoantibody to the pemphigus antigen was assayed by a modified, sensitive immunoblot technique. The assay was considered positive if a 130-kD band was seen when normal @entity1 epidermis was used as a substrate. In @entity1 with active disease, the sera contained antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses. The sera of @entity1 in remission, those of healthy unaffected relatives and normal controls contained only the IgG1 subclass. The normal controls consist of MHC-matched and nonmatched individuals. This study indicates that @entity1 with disease activity have an antibody which is of the IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, which we consider to be a pathogenic antibody. The sera of healthy relatives and normal controls that contain an antibody which binds to the pemphigus antigen is of the IgG1 subclass only and is considered to be a nonpathogenic or natural autoantibody. These observations provide the basis to study the immunoregulatory mechanisms and the production of normal and pathogenic antibodies.

title: Correlation of subclasses of IgG with disease activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['Pemphigus vulgaris']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']


abstract: The comparative safety of @entity2852 (1,000-2,000 mg/day) versus @entity3522 (100-200 mg/day), @entity1623 (500-1,500 mg/day), @entity5230 (10-20 mg/day), and @entity5018 (1,200-3,200 mg/day) was evaluated in a 12-week, randomized, open-label, multicenter study. @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) or @entity309 ( @entity309 ) were enrolled in a 3:1 ratio ( @entity2852 :one of the four comparator NSAIDs). The incidence of > or = 1 adverse event considered by the investigator to be related or probably related to therapy was similar in all groups. However, significantly (p < 0.02) more @entity3522 -treated @entity1 experienced @entity490 and/or @entity3621 than @entity2852 -treated @entity1 . @entity1623 -treated @entity1 experienced significantly (p < 0.002) more @entity2210 as compared with @entity1 treated with @entity2852 or @entity5018 and significantly (p < or = 0.001) more @entity2852 -treated @entity1 experienced @entity294 than @entity1 treated with @entity1623 , @entity5018 , or @entity5230 . @entity1066 occurred in one (0.03%) @entity2852 -treated @entity1 versus six (0.5%) @entity1 treated with one of the comparator NSAIDs (p = 0.001). A decrease in hemoglobin > or = 1.5 g/dL occurred in fewer @entity2852 -treated @entity1 than in @entity1 treated with @entity3522 (p < 0.04), @entity5018 (p < or = 0.04), or @entity5230 (p = 0.055). Finally, a similar percentage of @entity1 in all treatment groups withdrew from the study because of adverse events related or probably related to treatment. More (p < 0.001) @entity3522 -treated @entity1 withdrew because of elevated hepatic transaminases than @entity1 treated with the other agents. Withdrawal because of @entity3621 was also noted for more @entity3522 -treated @entity1 than @entity2852 -treated @entity1 (p < 0.04). In conclusion, @entity2852 was demonstrated to be at least as safe as @entity3522 , @entity5230 , @entity5018 , and @entity1623 as related to subjective complaints, such as @entity2210 or @entity3621 . However, more serious events, such as @entity1066 or meaningful decreases in hemoglobin, seem to occur less often with @entity2852 .

title: Safety experience with @entity2852 versus @entity3522 , @entity1623 , @entity5018 , and @entity5230 in @entity571 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2852 :: ('MESH:C035605', 'Chemical') :: ['nabumetone']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen', 'Naproxen']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: This study used polymer devices implanted in @entity35 to investigate the effect of prevascularization by @entity664 ( @entity664 ) on hepatocyte transplantation (HTx). Lewis @entity35 served as both donors and recipients. @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) sponges with either hydrogel containing @entity664 ( @entity664 group) or distilled water (control group) were implanted between the mesenteric leaves of recipient @entity35 . Hepatotrophic stimulation was induced by a portacaval shunt and a 70% partial hepatectomy. After 1 week of prevascularization, hepatocytes harvested from the donor Lewis @entity35 using a collagenase digestive method were injected into the sponges. Specimens were harvested at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after HTx. Histologic examination revealed that the control groups contained small numbers of hepatocytes restricted to the peripheral areas of the sponges. However, a large number of hepatocytes, including clusters, was found distributed uniformly in the @entity664 group. In the @entity664 group at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months, the percentage of the sponge occupied by hepatocytes was 7.21+/-2.64%, 6.98+/-2.59%, and 5.58+/-3.77%, respectively. The corresponding ratios for the control group were 0.40+/-0.39%, 0.40+/-0.40%, and 0.87+/-1.51%. In addition, the mean number of new blood vessels in the @entity664 group was significantly greater than that in the control group at 0 days, 2 weeks, and 1 month after HTx. These results suggest that @entity664 strongly induced vascularization, which enabled a large number of hepatocytes to survive in the polymer devices.

title: The efficacy of prevascularization by basic FGF for hepatocyte transplantation using polymer devices in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyvinyl alcohol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity170 is a common condition, which is recognised by the occurrence of @entity174 and leads to considerable mortality and morbidity with huge financial implications world-wide. Based on predicted demographic changes, the implications of this disease are set to increasingly affect the healthcare budgets of all nations. The determinants of @entity174 are skeletal factors, such as peak bone mass, the rate of @entity604 , which include @entity130 and the response to that @entity130 . Some of these factors are genetically determined, but several have environmental origins, which could, theoretically, be manipulated. There are two potential means whereby @entity3604 might be prevented. Measures could be targeted at the entire population, with the aim of shifting the distribution of bone mass in a beneficial direction, through modifying the behaviour of all individuals. The alternative is a high risk approach, whereby intervention is targeted only at those considered to have the greatest risk of future @entity174 . Mass bone density screening falls into the second approach. Bone density is a good predictor of future @entity174 risk, and cost-effectiveness analyses of the high risk approach suggest economic benefits of policies targeting pharmacological treatment to those individuals at highest risk. However, there are important concerns about the levels of compliance achievable with such therapeutic interventions, the balance of risks and benefits for some of these interventions (for example, hormone replacement therapy), and the outcome when treatment is discontinued. On current evidence, it is certainly not appropriate to target hormone replacement therapy for @entity1 at the menopause on the basis of a bone density screening programme. However, newer bone-specific agents are being developed which might be administered at later ages, closer to the time when @entity174 incidence rates rise steeply. Bone densitometry has been shown to predict @entity174 even in the elderly, and high risk strategies for the targeting of such agents (for example, the @entity171 or selective @entity2931 receptor modulators) will remain important research issues for the future.

title: Is screening for XXXX worthwhile?

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'fragility fractures']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss and extra-skeletal factors']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) during sleep is common in @entity1 with severe @entity712 induces repetitive @entity26 desaturation with arousals, and impairs sleep. This causes daytime symptoms and likely an increase in sympathetic activity. It has, therefore, been suggested that CSR is independently related to mortality. The major mechanisms behind CSR include reduced body stores of @entity26 , a low apneic threshold for @entity544 , prolonged circulation time between the lung and the carotid body, and disturbance of respiratory control due to arousals. It is apparent that the main task in treating CSR is the therapy of @entity712 . Indeed, diuretics to treat @entity891 as well as ACE-inhibitors reduce CSR. Recently, @entity2544 (an antagonist of the ventilatory depressant @entity859 ) was shown to reduce CSR and @entity26 -desaturation. Continuous positive airway pressure did improve CSR but not sleep and may reduce cardiac output in a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity712 . Nocturnal @entity26 reduces CSR and improves exercise tolerance as well as sleep. This and its apparent safety makes @entity26 an appropriate treatment for nocturnal CSR. Whether successful treatment of nocturnal CSR has any impact on the natural course of @entity712 needs to be determined in further studies.

title: [Cheyne-Stokes respiration in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rib @entity174 occur in 10% of injured @entity1 , are associated with morbidity and mortality, and frequently necessitate intensive care unit (ICU) care. A scoring system that identifies the risk for @entity1576 early in the evaluation process may allow early intervention to improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a scoring system based on initial clinical findings can identify @entity1 with @entity174 at greatest risk for morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A simple scoring system to stratify risk was developed and applied to @entity1 through a retrospective @entity130 registry review. Points were assigned as follows: age < 45 years = 1 point, age 45 to 65 years = 2 points, age > 65 years = 3 points; <3 @entity174 = 1 point, 3 to 5 @entity174 = 2 points, >5 @entity174 = 3 points; no @entity358 = 0 points, mild @entity358 = 1 point, severe @entity358 = 2 points, bilateral @entity358 = 3 points; and bilateral @entity174 absent = 0 points, bilateral @entity174 absent present = 2 points. A review of @entity130 registry @entity1 with @entity174 (June 2008 to February 2010) at a state-designated level 1 @entity130 center was performed. Data reviewed included age, number of @entity174 , @entity130 , presence of @entity358 , classification of the contusion, length of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and length of stay. The scoring system was retrospectively applied to 649 @entity1 to determine validity. RESULTS: A score  <= 7 indicated lower mortality (24 of 579 [4.2%]) compared with @entity1 with scores > 7 (10 of 70 [14.3%]) (Fisher's 2-sided P = .0018). @entity1 with scores  <= 6 were less likely to be admitted to an ICU (29.7%) compared with those with scores >=  7 (56.7%) (P < .0001). @entity1 with total scores < 7 were less likely to require intubation (20.6%) compared with those with scores >=  7 (40.0%) (P < .0001). @entity1 with scores  <= 4 had shorter lengths of stay (36.0% <5 days) compared with those who had scores > 4 (59.7%) (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: A simple scoring system predicts the likelihood that @entity1 will require mechanical ventilation and prolonged courses of care. A score of 7 or 8 predicted increased risk for mortality, admission to the ICU, and intubation. A score > 5 predicted a longer length of stay and a longer period of ventilation. This scoring system may assist in the earlier implementation of treatment strategies such epidural anesthesia, ventilation, and operative fixation of @entity174 .

title: Predicting outcome of XXXX with chest wall injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'rib fracture', 'rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary contusion']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fetal or neonatal @entity882 (FMAIT) results from a maternal alloimmunization against fetal platelet (PLT) antigens. In Caucasian @entity1 , HPA-1a is the most frequently implicated antigen. During the past few years, FMAIT has been reported associated with rare or private antigens. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Since the first documented case of FMAIT due to anti-HPA-9bw (Max(a)), no additional cases have been reported. Here a retrospective analysis is presented of the cases referred to our laboratories in recent years. The diagnosis was performed by genotyping and identification of the maternal alloantibody by the monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of PLT antigens (MAIPA) technique. RESULTS: Parental genotyping showed HPA-9bw (Max(a)) mismatch as the sole antigenic incompatibility in seven of eight families. Because the father was found to be HPA-9bw (Max(a)) heterozygous in all the cases, the @entity1 or fetus was genotyped to ascertain the diagnosis. The maternal alloantibody was identified in the MAIPA technique. These data strongly suggest, however, that recognition of the HPA-9bw (Max(a)) epitope is not uniform. The @entity882 was severe in most cases with @entity548 . The outcome was good in all the cases but one. CONCLUSION: This analysis confirms that anti-HPA-9bw (Max(a)) FMAIT is not uncommon and was found to be approximately 2 percent of our confirmed FMAIT cases. It is a clinically severe syndrome that requires prompt diagnosis, albeit difficult, and maternal PLT transfusion therapy. Laboratory investigation of a suspected FMAIT case should be carried out in a specialist laboratory well-experienced in optimal testing. Appropriate management and antenatal therapy should be considered for successive pregnancies to prevent @entity2241 .

title: Anti-HPA-9bw (Maxa) fetomaternal alloimmunization, a clinically severe XXXX : difficulties in diagnosis and therapy and report on eight families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['alloimmune thrombocytopenia', 'neonatal thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['neonatal thrombocytopenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of peroxidase labeled lectin staining in the diagnosis of @entity364 in an experimental @entity95 model. METHODS: @entity364 by @entity5132 , @entity54 , and @entity10437 was induced in @entity95 . WGA-peroxidase staining of 660 corneal sections was performed. Fungal staining was evaluated independently by two observers. The test sensitivity, specificity, and reliability indexes were calculated. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the lectin staining test for @entity5132 was 100% (95% CI: 93.51-100.00), and specificity was 100% (95% CI: 93.51-100.00). The sensitivity of the test for @entity54 was 96.36% (95% CI: 86.46-99.35), and specificity was 100% (95% CI: 93.51-100.00). The sensitivity of the test for @entity10437 was 96.36% (95% CI: 86.46-99.35) and specificity was 96.15% (95% CI: 85.74-99.31). There was also a high degree of test-retest and inter-rater concordance for all three fungi tested. The test-retest k reliability indexes were 0.9455, 0.9636, and 0.8879, for @entity5132 , @entity54 , and @entity10437 , respectively. The inter-rater k reliability indexes were 0.9636, 0.9818, and 0.9252, for @entity5132 , @entity54 , and @entity10437 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: WGA-peroxidase staining is a very sensitive, specific, and reliable test for the identification of fungi in an experimental @entity95 model of @entity364 .

title: Evaluation of lectin staining in the diagnosis of @entity364 in an experimental XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity10437 :: ('169388', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium solani']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal keratitis', 'fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and treatment satisfaction of insulin glargine plus @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) in Chinese individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 inadequately controlled with premixed insulin plus @entity1697 . METHODS: In this open-label, single-arm, 16-week, phase IV study, 313 subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 inadequately controlled with premixed insulin plus @entity1697 were switched to insulin glargine plus @entity1697 . Changes in glycaemic control, incidence of hypoglycaemia and treatment satisfaction using the @entity6 Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) were evaluated. RESULTS: Switching to insulin glargine was associated with significant reductions in levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c); 8.4        0.6 to 7.9        1.0%; p   <   0.001) and fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG; 9.50        2.10 to 6.58        2.07   mmol/L; p   <   0.001). A total of 32.9% of subjects experienced hypoglycaemia, including two cases of severe hypoglycaemia. Treatment satisfaction was improved with insulin glargine (DTSQ 8-item scores, all p   <   0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between baseline HbA(1c), disease duration, endpoint FPG and HbA(1c)   <   7%. CONCLUSION: This single-arm study suggested that switching to insulin glargine plus @entity1697 significantly improved glycaemic control, with a low incidence of hypoglycaemia, in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 uncontrolled on premixed insulin plus @entity1697 . Switching to insulin glargine was also associated with better @entity1 treatment satisfaction compared with previous treatment. The main limitations to this study are the open-label design and the lack of a control arm.

title: A prospective study to optimize insulin treatment by switching to insulin glargine in type 2 @entity6 XXXX previously uncontrolled on premixed insulin: the optimization study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral antidiabetic drugs', 'OADs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examined the perception of @entity6 among a sample of Pacific Islanders in Honolulu, Hawaii. All 23 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity164 2 @entity6 , ranged in age from 21 to 70 years, and had glycosylated hemoglobin levels of 5.8% to 13.9%. METHODS: Four focus groups were held in English and audiotaped. Outreach workers served as translators and comoderators. The content of transcripts was analyzed with Ethnograph software by investigators. The priority issues were confirmed by the comoderators and @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 perceived @entity6 as full of complications, emotions, symptoms, and behavior changes. Responses to @entity4854 were fear, frustration, and uncertainty. Barriers to staying on the prescribed diet were habit, cultural @entity4238 , and limited budget. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 suggested that helpful activities would include walking/support group, cooking class, community healthy food store, translated material, and family participation. A community-based @entity6 program has been developing as a result of the focus group findings.

title: Development of a community-based XXXX management program for Pacific Islanders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['ritual, ideal body image']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore: (i) @entity65 risk factors and the 10-year clustered risk of a fatal cardiovascular event in adults with spastic @entity306 ; and (ii) relationships between the 10-year risk and body fat, aerobic fitness and physical activity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Forty-three adults with spastic @entity306 without severe @entity73 (mean age 36.6 years (standard deviation 6); 27 @entity1 ). METHODS: Biological and lifestyle-related risk factors and the 10-year risk according to the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) were assessed. Relationships were studied using multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The following single risk factors were present: @entity101 (n   =   12), elevated total @entity165 (n   =   3), low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (n   =   5; all @entity1 ), high-risk waist circumference (n   =   11), @entity28 (body mass index; n   =   5; all @entity1 ), reduced aerobic fitness (on average 80% of reference values), reduced level of everyday physical activity (on average 78% of reference values) and smoking (n=9). All @entity1 had a 10-year risk <1%. Corrected for gender, @entity1 with higher waist circumference (b   =   0.28; p   =   0.06) or body mass index (b=0.25; p   =   0.08) tended to have a higher 10-year risk. CONCLUSION: In this relatively young adult sample of @entity1 with spastic @entity306 several single @entity65 risk factors were present. The 10-year fatal @entity65 risk was low, and higher body fat tended to be related to higher 10-year risk.

title: @entity65 risk in adults with spastic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['bilateral cerebral palsy']