abstract: An @entity450 ( @entity450 )-switchable @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) microfluidic channel modified with @entity462 has been developed. The native PDMS channel was coated with @entity10069 ( @entity27704 ), and then gold nanoparticles by layer-by-layer technique was assembled on @entity27704 to immobilize @entity462 . The assembly was followed by infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflection method, contact angle, @entity450 measurements and electrophoretic separation methods. @entity450 of this channel can be reversibly switched by varying the pH of running buffer. At low pH, the surface of channels is positively charged, @entity450 is from cathode to anode. At high pH, the surface is negatively charged, @entity450 is from anode to cathode. At pH 5.0, near the isoelectric point of the chemisorbed @entity462 , the surfaces of channels show neutral. When pH is above 6.0 or below 4.0, the magnitude of @entity450 varies in a narrow range. And the modified channel surface displayed high reproducibility and good stability, a good reversibility of cathodic-anodic @entity450 transition under the different pH conditions was observed. Separation of @entity935 and @entity1425 as well as @entity369 and @entity3793 were performed on the modified chip.

title: Electroosmotic flow-switchable @entity13768 microfluidic channel modified with XXXX based on gold nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity10069 :: ('MESH:C041004', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['electroosmotic flow', 'EOF']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(dimethylsiloxane)']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of extrahepatic collaterals to the liver on @entity409 and @entity1 outcome after embolotherapy for the @entity99 following hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery. METHODS: We reviewed 9 @entity1 who underwent transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE) for the @entity99 following major hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery between June 1992 and April 2006. We paid special attention to the extrahepatic arterial collaterals to the liver which may affect post-TAE @entity409 and @entity1 outcome. RESULTS: The underlying diseases were all @entity5 , and the surgical procedures included @entity1605 @entity1 , hepatic resection with removal of the bile duct in 5, and pancreaticoduodenectomy in 2. A total of 11 @entity2849 developed: 4 in the common hepatic artery, 4 in the proper hepatic artery, and 3 in the right hepatic artery. Successful hemostasis was accomplished with the initial TAE in all @entity1 , except for 1. Extrahepatic arterial pathways to the liver, including the @entity7244 , the jejunal branches, and the aberrant left hepatic artery, were identified in 8 of the 9 @entity1 after the completion of TAE. The development of collaterals depended on the extent of liver mobilization during the hepatic resection, the postoperative period, the presence or absence of an aberrant left hepatic artery, and the concomitant arterial stenosis adjacent to the @entity2849 . The liver tolerated TAE without significant consequences when at least one of the collaterals from the inferior phrenic @entity99 was present. One @entity1 , however, with no extrahepatic collaterals died of @entity1578 due to total @entity409 9 d after TAE. CONCLUSION: When TAE is performed on @entity99 , reduced collateral pathways to the liver created by the primary surgical procedure and a short postoperative interval may lead to an unfavorable outcome.

title: Extrahepatic collaterals and XXXX in embolotherapy for @entity99 following hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['hepatopancreatoduodenectomy in 2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver necrosis', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['right inferior phrenic artery']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm', 'artery or the aberrant left hepatic artery']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver damage']


abstract: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is essential to treatment success for individuals living with @entity645 / @entity791 . Despite the wealth of studies in examining antiretroviral non-adherence, few have distinguished between intentional and unintentional non-adherence. The present study attempted to identify factors associated with adherence, intentional non-adherence, and unintentional non-adherence among @entity645 + individuals using a longitudinal design. Dietary instructions and medication schedule were also included to measure the subtleties of antiretroviral adherence. One hundred and two @entity645 + @entity1 who were under antiretroviral therapy were recruited in an outpatient clinic in Hong Kong at baseline with six months follow-up. Using the conventional adherence rate, only 12 (11.8%) of @entity1 reported having missed/ altered medication in the past four days. However, using a more comprehensive assessment, only 27 (26.5%) @entity1 were classified as adherers. Results showed that, adherers were significantly older and had higher adherence self-efficacy than those who were unintentional or intentional non-adherers. @entity1 classified as unintentional non-adherers had longer length of diagnosis and started medication longer than adherers and intentional non-adherers. @entity1 classified as intentional non-adherers had worse mental health, higher level of self-stigma, and reported higher score in avoidant coping than adherers and unintentional non-adherers. They also scored higher in physical symptoms than adherers. Findings highlight the importance of a reliable, comprehensive measurement for adherence and extend on previous adherence literature that intentional and unintentional non-adherence are separate entities and are associated with different factors. Future research should understand the intentions behind non-adherence and this would serve as an important guide in the development of interventions aimed at improving antiretroviral adherence for @entity645 + @entity1 .

title: Intentionality of medication non-adherence among individuals living with @entity645 / XXXX in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The surgical therapy of selected @entity2 , including both solitary and @entity5 , is currently a generally accepted therapeutic procedure demonstrably extending the long term survival of these @entity1 . PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is a ten-year retrospective analysis of a group of @entity1 who underwent surgery due to pulmonary @entity3 of various @entity5 . METHODS: In 2000-2009, 87 @entity1 (of which 44 were male with a median age of 64 years) with @entity2 underwent surgery at the departments of the authors of this study. Solitary @entity3 were found in 60 @entity1 , multiple @entity3 in the remaining @entity1 , while 13 @entity1 had bilateral @entity3 . The median disease-free period from surgery of the primary @entity5 was 31 months. RESULTS: In total, 74 unilateral and 13 bilateral surgeries were performed in one or two periods. The most common type of surgery included anatomical pulmonary resections (32 procedures), wedge resections (29 procedures) and laser excisions (24 procedures). In total, the radical resection was performed in 156 @entity3 . Post-operative morbidity was 17.2 % with zero mortality. A proportion of 50.6 % of operated @entity1 survived after resection of @entity3 with median survival of 39 months. The overall three-year and five-year survivals in the group were 57 % and 38 %, respectively. A proportion of 35.6 % of @entity1 live after resection of @entity3 without disease progression, and the median is 15 months. CONCLUSION: The achieved results confirm the positive role of pulmonary metastasectomy in the therapy of disseminated @entity5 (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 34).

title: Surgical therapy of pulmonary XXXX - 10-year results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer disease', 'multiple or bilateral tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['secondary pulmonary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Antibodies to IgD and IgM are present in many @entity19 alloantisera made against lymphocytes. Antibodies to IgM are also present in a small minority of conventional antiallotype sera made against @entity5695 /anti- @entity5695 complexes. These antibodies reflect different allelic forms of IgD and IgM in different @entity19 strains, and allowed the mapping of the @entity33025 , respectively) to the heavy-chain complex. The variable portions of IgM and IgD receptors on individual cells bearing both chains are similar or identical. Both receptors show allelic exclusion and come from the same chromosome on individual cells (haplotype exclusion). It is suggested that very early in B lymphocyte differentiation there is a commitment to a given chromosome, and translocation of one copy of a given variable region gene to each heavy-chain gene. Subsequent switches of immunoglobulin class then involve differential gene activation. Immature B cells possess IgM receptors only and mature into cells bearing both IgM and IgD receptors. After activation with antigen, IgD is probably lost. These findings are discussed within the framework of the clonal abortion theory of B-lymphocyte tolerance.

title: Allotypes of IgM and IgD receptors in the XXXX : a probe for lymphocyte differentiation.

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the wide application of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ), it is a popularly concerned problem within clinical doctors to promote the @entity1 ' early recovery and improve their health related quality of life (HR-QoL). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu (XFZY) Capsule, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for activating blood circulation, in improving HR-QoL in @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) @entity1 with @entity1503 after PCI, and to make a comparison with Shengmai (SM) Capsule. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: The study was performed at Rescue Center of Emergency, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, China Capital University of Medical Science from March 2008 to February 2009. Using a randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy and placebo controlled study design, ninety @entity1 diagnosed as @entity1459 and concomitant @entity1503 after successful PCI therapy were enrolled and randomized into three groups: XFZY group, SM group and placebo group, and the @entity1 were administered with the corresponding medications for 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and @entity951 ( @entity951 ) were applied to assess the HR-QoL in each group before and after the treatment. RESULTS: A total of 90 @entity1 were recruited and 4 cases of them withdrew from the study during the treatment period indicating a 4.4% of dropping rate. After the treatment, several domains of scores in SF-36 and @entity951 were significantly increased in three groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). The efficacy of XFZY Capsule in improving @entity158 ( @entity158 ), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social function (SF), role emotional (RE), @entity951 ( @entity951 ), @entity951 ( @entity951 ), as well as @entity34 ( @entity34 ) was better than that of placebo (P<0.05, P<0.01). Meanwhile, the dimensions of @entity158 , GH, SF, @entity951 , @entity951 , @entity34 were improved as compared with those in the SM group (P<0.05). No obvious adverse reaction was found during and after the treatment with the exception of one case in XFZY group reporting of discomfort in the stomach. CONCLUSION: Compared with SM Capsule, a short-term treatment of XFZY Capsule exhibits better efficacy in improving HR-QoL in @entity1459 @entity1 with @entity1503 after PCI. However, its long-term efficacy and safety needs further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT00817024.

title: [A randomized double-blinded controlled trial of Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule on short-term quality of life in unstable anginal @entity1 with XXXX after percutaneous coronary intervention].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood-stasis syndrome', 'blood stasis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina frequency', 'SAQ', 'angina stability', 'AS', 'AF', 'Seattle Angina Questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['treatment satisfaction', 'TS']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood-stasis syndrome']


abstract: To date, few treatment strategies applying cellular transplantation to the chronically injured spinal cord have yielded significant functional improvement in animal experiments. Here we report that significant improvement of locomotor function was achieved in @entity35 with chronic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) by the application of combination treatments with tail nerve electrical stimulation (TANES), which can activate the central pattern generator, inducing active weight-supported stepping. @entity130 (25 mm) to spinal cord T10 was produced by using the NYU impactor device in female, adult Long-Evans @entity35 . @entity35 in 2 of 4 groups with @entity1566 received basic treatments (scar ablation followed by transplantation of lamina propria of olfactory mucosa and cultured olfactory ensheathing cells into the lesion cavity) 6 weeks after @entity1566 . @entity35 both with and without basic treatments were subjected to TANES one week after secondary surgery or 7 weeks after @entity1566 . Sixteen weeks after secondary surgery or 22 weeks after @entity1566 @entity35 in two groups receiving TANES significantly improved their functional recovery compared with those without TANES, when evaluated with BBB open field rating scale (p<0.01). Among them, however, @entity35 with basic treatments performed better than those without basic treatments. TANES may contribute to the activity-dependent plasticity below the injury level, which is critical for functional recovery. Additionally, TANES may promote axonal regeneration, including those from supraspinal level. Since TANES demonstrated considerable potential for achieving improvement of functional recovery in @entity35 model, it would suggest a new strategy for chronic @entity1566 .

title: Tail nerve electrical stimulation combined with scar ablation and neural transplantation promotes locomotor recovery in XXXX with chronically contused spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Contusion injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: From February 2001 to February 2002, 946 @entity1 with advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) treated with @entity2213 were included in a controlled EORTC/ISG/AGITG (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Group/Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group) trial. This analysis investigates whether the response classification assessed by RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 ), predicts for @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Per protocol, the first three disease assessments were done at 2, 4, and 6 months. For the purpose of the analysis (landmark method), disease response was subclassified in six categories: partial response (PR; > 30% size reduction), minor response (MR; 10% to 30% reduction), no change (NC) as either NC- (0% to 10% reduction) or NC+ (0% to 20% size increase), @entity74 ( @entity74 ; > 20% increase/new lesions), and subjective @entity74 (clinical progression). RESULTS: A total of 906 @entity1 had measurable disease at entry. At all measurement time points, complete response (CR), PR, and MR resulted in similar @entity1054 and @entity1349 ; this was also true for NC- and NC+, and for @entity74 and subjective @entity74 . @entity1 were subsequently classified as responders (CR/PR/MR), NC (NC+/NC-), or @entity74 . This three-class response categorization was found to be highly predictive of further progression or survival for the first two measurement points. After 6 months of @entity2213 , responders (CR/PR/MR) had the same survival prognosis as @entity1 classified as NC. CONCLUSION: RECIST perfectly enables early discrimination between @entity1 who benefited long term from @entity2213 and those who did not. After 6 months of @entity2213 , if the @entity1 is not experiencing @entity74 , the pattern of radiologic response by @entity5 size criteria has no prognostic value for further outcome. @entity2213 needs to be continued as long as there is no progression according to RECIST.

title: Absence of progression as assessed by response evaluation criteria in XXXX predicts survival in advanced @entity5 treated with @entity2213 : the intergroup EORTC-ISG-AGITG phase III trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'GI stromal tumors', 'Solid Tumors', 'GISTs', 'Cancer/Italian Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['solid tumors']


abstract: AIMS: To compare two methods concerning the clinical evaluation of @entity1188 size--one using a QRS score, the other based on peak Ck values--applied to the same population. CONCEPT AND PLACE OF THE STUDY: to determine--based on previously established correlations between a QRS score and the anatomic total @entity1188 size on one hand, and between the peak CK values and the anatomic recent @entity1188 size on the other hand--which @entity583 subgroup constitutes the best indication for each method. The study took place in a Coronary Care Unit of a Central Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 193 @entity1 who died successively of @entity583 through out 4 years were studied. After establishing the exclusion crit  ria, the QRS score was calculated according to the method of Selvester modified by Wagner, and peak CK values were evaluated. @entity1188 size, either recent or old, was determined by means of an anatomical method developed by the authors and based on Hackel's and Alonso's previous works. Correlations were established between data from each clinical method and those from the anatomical method. Several @entity583 subgroups were considered for comparison of the correlations found in each subset. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: As long as QRS score was regarded, significant correlations were found between the evaluation by QRS score and anatomical @entity1188 size in the subgroups of @entity1 with severe pump failure, prior @entity583 , or total loss of ventricular muscle mass of at least 20 percent; however, a significant correlation was missing when the whole @entity583 group was taken into consideration. When peak CK value were considered, a weak significant correlation was found between the evaluation by enzyme determination and anatomical @entity1188 size in the whole group of @entity1 , but a stronger correlation was present in the subgroups of @entity1 with survival longer than 24 hours, @entity583 , free wall @entity7086 , or first @entity583 . In conclusion the choice of the method to be used in the clinical evaluation of @entity1188 size should take into account the type of population beeing studied, and follow the results obtained in different @entity583 subgroups as mentioned above.

title: [Clinical methods for evaluating XXXX size and its anatomic correlations. Study carried out in 193 cases. III. Comparison of data on the evaluation of the @entity1188 size using the QRS score and a method of maximal creatine kinase determination in the serum].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['anterior wall myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 ( @entity308 ) in older outpatients with @entity161 are common and clinically important. While many physicians prescribe antidepressants to @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity914 who have @entity308 , evidence for their effectiveness and safety has been meager. We describe a randomized placebo-controlled trial of @entity837 in 198 @entity1 . METHOD: @entity1 in this 2-site study, conducted from September 1, 2001, to August 31, 2007, were @entity1 and @entity1 with DSM-IV @entity161 or @entity914 who were 40 years of age or older and who met study criteria for @entity308 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to flexible-dose treatment with @entity837 or placebo augmentation of their current antipsychotic medication. Analysis of covariance was used to compare improvement in scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 Rating Scale between treatment groups; secondary efficacy analyses compared improvement in several other dimensions of @entity161 . RESULTS: Augmentation with @entity837 was significantly more effective than with placebo in improving depressive (p = .002) and negative (p = .049) symptoms, mental functioning (p = .000), and quality of life (p = .046). There were no significant differences between @entity837 and placebo in suicidal ideation, positive symptoms, cognition, general medical health, physical functioning, or symptoms of @entity717 . No adverse events were more frequent in @entity1 receiving @entity837 than in those receiving placebo, and only 4 @entity1 from each treatment group terminated early because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 in middle aged and older @entity1 with @entity161 responded to treatment with @entity837 with lessening of @entity308 and improved functioning and quality of life. It may be important for clinicians to identify and treat @entity308 in middle-aged and older @entity1 with chronic @entity161 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00047450.

title: @entity837 augmentation for @entity308 in middle-aged and older outpatients with @entity161 and XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression and Calgary Depression', 'SSD', 'depressive symptoms', 'Subsyndromal symptoms of depression']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['schizoaffective disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Th17 cells, while indispensable in host defense, may play pathogenic roles in many @entity792 , including @entity309 ( @entity309 ). However, the mechanisms by which @entity1 Th17 cells drive autoimmunity have not been fully defined. We assessed the potential of the @entity1 Th17 CD4 T cell subset to induce expression of cell-cell interaction molecules and inflammatory mediators by @entity8553 ( @entity8553 ), and the roles of @entity379 and @entity4155 in these interactions. METHODS: @entity1198 or Th17 cells were induced from healthy adult donor CD4 T cells and were co-cultured with @entity8553 for 48 h with/without neutralization of @entity379 , @entity4155 , or both. Alternatively, @entity8553 were treated only with @entity379 or @entity4155 for 48 h. @entity8553 expression of @entity2936 , @entity2071 , and MHC-II, as well as @entity650 and @entity687 secretion, were assessed by surface staining followed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: Both @entity1198 and Th17 cells secreted @entity4155 as well as @entity379 , although @entity379 production was much greater from @entity1198 cells. @entity8553 expression of @entity2936 , @entity2071 , and MHC-II significantly increased upon co-culture with @entity1198 cells, while Th17 cells increased only the percentage of @entity8553 that were @entity2071 +. Both T cell subsets induced @entity650 and @entity687 secretion by @entity309 @entity8553 . Neutralization of @entity4155 did not reduce @entity8553 expression of @entity2936 , MHC-II, or @entity2071 , but did inhibit @entity650 and @entity687 secretion. Although @entity379 was a weak inducer of @entity650 secretion and significantly inhibited @entity687 secretion from @entity8553 when used as a single stimulus, neutralization of @entity379 inhibited the secretion of both cytokines in Th17/ @entity8553 co-cultures with @entity309 but not OA @entity8553 . CONCLUSION: @entity8553 cell-cell interaction molecules and soluble inflammatory mediators are differentially regulated by @entity379 and @entity4155 . The effects of @entity379 may depend in part on the particular milieu of other co-existing cytokines and its potential to induce cell-cell interactions. The potential benefit of therapeutic neutralization of either @entity4155 or @entity379 could depend on the relative proportions of these cytokines in the synovial compartment of an @entity309 @entity1 .

title: The roles of @entity379 versus XXXX in pathogenic effects of @entity1 Th17 cells on synovial fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8553 :: ('MESH:C565779', 'Disease') :: ['FLS', 'fibroblast-like synoviocytes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['IL-17']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in eyes with toxic @entity1347 (TASS) after @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul University Cerrahpa  a Medical Faculty, Istanbul, @entity233 . METHODS: In this prospective study of consecutive @entity1 who had DSAEK for @entity177 due to TASS, the main outcome measures were corneal clarity, mean spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, preoperative and postoperative visual acuities, central corneal thickness, and endothelial cell count (ECC). RESULTS: The mean follow-up in the 10 eyes (10 @entity1 ) was 17.1 months +/- 2.4 (SD). There were no graft dislocations postoperatively, and no graft required repositioning. All grafts were clear at 12 months. Two eyes had initial graft rejection that resolved with treatment. All eyes had improved postoperative corrected distance visual acuity, with 7 eyes (70%) attaining 0.5 or better. The mean SE refraction in measurable cases (5 eyes) was 1.2 +/- 0.6 preoperatively and 0.9 +/- 1.0 postoperatively (P = .141). The decrease in mean pachymetry from preoperatively (691 +/- 15 microm) to 12 months postoperatively (614 +/- 23 microm) was statistically significant (P = .005). The mean ECC was 2740 +/- 236 cells/mm(2) preoperatively, 1690 +/- 209 cells/mm(2) at 6 months, and 1683 +/- 206 cells/mm(2) at 12 months. The decrease between preoperatively and 6 and 12 months (P = .05) and between 6 months and 12 months (P = .008) was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty was safe and effective in eyes with TASS-associated @entity3279 , yielding encouraging surgical and visual outcomes.

title: Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with toxic @entity1347 after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['corneal failure']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type 2 @entity6 genetic risk testing might motivate at-risk @entity1 to adopt @entity6 prevention behaviors. However, the influence of literacy and numeracy on @entity1 response to @entity6 genetic risk is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the association of health literacy, genetic literacy, and health numeracy with @entity1 responses to @entity6 genetic risk. DESIGN: and Measurements Overweight @entity1 at high phenotypic risk for @entity164 2 @entity6 were recruited for a clinical trial of @entity6 genetic risk testing. At baseline, @entity1 predicted how their motivation for lifestyle modification to prevent @entity6 might change in response to hypothetical scenarios of receiving "high" and "low" genetic risk results. Responses were analyzed according to @entity1 ' health literacy, genetic literacy, and health numeracy. RESULTS: Two-thirds (67%) of @entity1 (n = 175) reported very high motivation to prevent @entity6 . Despite high health literacy (92% at high school level), many @entity1 had limited health numeracy (30%) and genetic literacy (38%). Almost all (98%) reported that high-risk genetic results would increase their motivation for lifestyle modification. In contrast, response to low-risk genetic results varied. Higher levels of health literacy (P = 0.04), genetic literacy (P = 0.02), and health numeracy (P = 0.02) were associated with an anticipated decrease in motivation for lifestyle modification in response to low-risk results. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity1 reported that high-risk genetic results would motivate them to adopt healthy lifestyle changes, response to low-risk results varied by @entity1 numeracy and literacy. However, anticipated responses may not correlate with true behavior change. If future research justifies the clinical use of genetic testing to motivate behavior change, it may be important to assess how @entity1 characteristics modify that motivational effect.

title: Impact of literacy and numeracy on motivation for behavior change after XXXX genetic risk testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ) carries a poor prognosis, with median survival of approximately 1 year. More extended survivals have been reported after lung transplantation for @entity189 ; however, fewer than 50 @entity1 have been reported. To compare outcomes of lung transplantation for advanced @entity189 , we studied this population in a compulsory, prospectively maintained database. METHODS: The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried for @entity1 undergoing lung transplant from 1987 to 2010 for the diagnosis of @entity189 or @entity5 . Pathology reports of explanted specimens were reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 underwent lung transplantation for @entity189 , representing 0.13% of the 21,553 lung transplants during the study period. @entity189 @entity1 had better forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted (60% vs 35%, p<0.0001) and received more double-lung transplants (79% vs 54%, p=0.006). Pure @entity189 was present in only 52% of the explants, whereas 41% had some degree of invasive @entity5 , and 7% had pure @entity420 . The @entity189 and general lung transplantation cohorts had similar 30-day mortality (10% vs 7%, p=0.44) and 5-year survival (57% vs 50%, p=0.66). CONCLUSIONS: Survival after lung transplantation for @entity189 appears to be consistent with that of lung transplantation for other diagnoses and is better than that reported with chemotherapy. Further study is warranted to identify the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity2 who will have a maximum survival advantage after lung transplantation.

title: Outcomes for lung transplantation for XXXX in the United Network for Organ Sharing Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['BAC', 'bronchoalveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The combination of @entity2879 and @entity900 has become one of the standard treatments for @entity151 . @entity1260 , an analogue of @entity786 , has demonstrated single-agent antitumor activity comparable with that of the most active agents used to treat @entity151 . Because @entity1260 is relatively nonmyelosuppressive and its principal dose-limiting @entity137 , urotoxicity, has largely been eliminated with the introduction of the uroprotective agent mesna, we undertook a phase II study of the combination of all three agents ( @entity2879 / @entity1260 / @entity900 ) in good-performance-status, @entity66 @entity1 70 years of age or younger. Twenty-five @entity1 (17 @entity1 and eight @entity1 ; median age, 58 years) were treated with 75 mg/m2 @entity2879 , 20 mg/m2 @entity900 , and 1.0 g/m2/d @entity1260 administered intravenously for 5 days. Mesna (200 mg/m2) was given as a bolus prior to the first day of chemotherapy and then daily by continuous infusion (900 mg/m2 over 24 hours) between administrations of chemotherapy. Mesna was continued for 12 hours after the last dose of @entity1260 . Treatment cycles were planned every 4 weeks for four cycles. Due to severe @entity137 in the first eight @entity1 , subsequent @entity1 received only 4 days of treatment (20% dose reduction). Of the 25 @entity66 @entity1 studied, 23 are evaluable for response. Seven (30%) achieved a complete response and 10 (43%) had a partial response (overall response rate, 73%). Five @entity1 (22%) had stable disease (< 50% decrease and no evidence of disease progression for at least 4 weeks), and disease progressed in 1 @entity1 (4%). The median survival time was 42 weeks (range, 2 to 160+ weeks). @entity3028 was dose-limiting: median granulocyte count was 0.486 x 10(9)/L, 21% of cycles had a granulocyte nadir below 0.2 x 10(9)/L, and four @entity1 died of @entity295 . Three @entity1 required platelet transfusion and nine needed blood transfusion. Microscopic @entity811 occurred in eight @entity1 (11% of treatment cycles) but was reversible in all cases. A number of central nervous system symptoms were reported but could not be definitely attributed to @entity1260 /mesna. @entity344 was generally mild, which is attributed to the use of an aggressive antiemetic program. The @entity2879 / @entity1260 / @entity900 regimen is active and produced a complete response rate of 30% in extensive @entity151 ; the duration of response and survival appears similar to that of other standard regimens. The 5-day schedule produced excessive @entity137 in this @entity1 population, necessitating a 20% dose reduction (by using a 4-day schedule). The method of administration required a minimum of 5 hospital days per cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A phase II study of @entity1260 in combination with @entity2879 and @entity900 in the treatment of extensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive-disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['Granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity56 are common, increasing, and associated with significant morbidity and occasional, but potentially avoidable, mortality. There is widespread public, professional and government agreement about the poor quality of care received by many @entity1 with @entity56 in the UK. Many remain undiagnosed, few have access to specialist services, and the majority of primary care health professionals have no @entity566 training. We report an evaluation of a novel, UK NHS-funded primary care-based @entity566 service in North West London. METHODS: The clinic was run by a specialist @entity566 nurse and a general practitioner (GP) with a special interest in @entity1576 and @entity566 . Referrals from local GPs were made on dedicated proformas and handled according to developed and agreed community care pathways. RESULTS: 141/151 (93%) of those referred attended the clinic. On average, @entity1 waited 15.7 (SD 15.67) days from referral to an offer of an appointment and were seen 18.11 (SD18.07) days from the date of referral. The majority of @entity1 were referred for @entity110 or wheals (61;40%), suspected @entity5419 (28;40%), multiple reasons, (19;12%) or @entity2490 (19;12%). Skin prick and specific-IgE tests were performed on 69 (49%) and 19 (14%) @entity1 respectively, with 4 (0.3%) @entity1 having both. We estimated an overall saving of at least pound13,580 to the local health economy - through reduced secondary care referrals - during the nine months' duration of the clinic. Assessed using a validated @entity1 satisfaction questionnaire, most @entity1 rated their satisfaction with the service with an overall median score of 75% (IQR 65.64-82.32). CONCLUSIONS: A primary care @entity566 service provided by appropriately trained personnel can cater adequately for the majority of primary care referrals. This model provides a pathway of care that supports self-directed care, reduces inappropriate referrals, and encourages care in the local community. The model is one that could easily be developed further into a clinical assessment service for @entity566 including respiratory based ( @entity565 ) problems. This would expand the scope and ensure value for money as well as responding to a clinical need with significant incidence locally. The UK Department of Health should consider rolling out this primary care-based model nationally.

title: Service evaluation of a UK primary care-based XXXX clinic: quality improvement report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'Allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ), a toxic and widespread environmental contaminant, has been shown to inhibit natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic function significantly. Inhibition of NK cell cytotoxic function has the potential to increase @entity1800 and @entity5 growth. Upon NK cell binding to lysis-sensitive @entity5 cells, an intracellular pathway is activated, which generally begins with activation of non-receptor protein @entity669 kinases (PTKs) and ends with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated release of lytic granules toward the contacted target cell. In the current studies, we used a cytotoxicity assay to examine how low doses (200nM or lower) of @entity2385 affect cytotoxic function. Additionally, we investigated how low doses of @entity2385 modulate the signaling pathway that dictates lytic granule exocytosis. A 1h exposure to 200, 100, 50 and 25nM @entity2385 significantly decreased cytotoxic function 6d later. We also saw significant activation of @entity1435 and @entity10368 /42 by as low as 50nM @entity2385 within ten minutes of exposure. The observed activation of MAPKs, @entity1435 and @entity10368 /42, implicated their upstream activators MAPK kinases (MAP2Ks). On examining MAP2Ks, @entity36263 and @entity16629 , activation was seen within ten minutes. However, when the most upstream signaling molecules in this pathway, non-receptor protein @entity669 kinases (PTKs) such as @entity10255 , @entity6755 , @entity25449 and @entity7242 were examined, no significant activation was seen. These data imply that upstream activators of MAP2Ks, MAP2K kinases (MAP3Ks), are activated by @entity2385 exposures and/or that MAP2K phosphatases are being inhibited by @entity2385 . Taken together, these data suggest that @entity2385 -induced activation of MAPKs, @entity1435 and @entity10368 /42, is caused by their upstream activators MAP2Ks, @entity36263 and @entity16629 , respectively.

title: Alteration of an essential NK cell signaling pathway by low doses of XXXX in human natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tributyltin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2384 :: (MESH:C011559,Chemical) :: ['tributyltin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mutations in the @entity855 -binding cassette transporter A3 gene ( @entity8437 ) result in @entity9972 and childhood @entity401 . As most @entity8437 mutations are rare or private, determination of mutation pathogenicity is often based on results from in silico prediction tools, identification in unrelated diseased individuals, statistical association studies, or expert opinion. Functional biologic studies of @entity8437 mutations are needed to confirm mutation pathogenicity and inform clinical decision making. Our objective was to functionally characterize two @entity8437 mutations ( @entity32443 and @entity32444 ) identified among term and late-preterm @entity1 with @entity649 with unclear pathogenicity in a genetically versatile model system. We performed transient transfection of HEK293T cells with wild-type or mutant @entity8437 alleles to assess protein processing with immunoblotting. We used transduction of A549 cells with adenoviral vectors, which concurrently silenced endogenous @entity8437 and expressed either wild-type or mutant @entity8437 alleles ( @entity32443 and @entity32444 ) to assess immunofluorescent localization, @entity4430 activity, and organelle ultrastructure. Both @entity8437 mutations ( @entity32443 and @entity32444 ) encoded proteins with reduced @entity4430 activity but with normal intracellular localization and protein processing. Ultrastructural phenotypes of lamellar body-like vesicles in A549 cells transduced with mutant alleles were similar to wild type. Mutant proteins encoded by @entity8437 mutations @entity32443 and @entity32444 had reduced @entity4430 activity, a biologically plausible explanation for disruption of surfactant metabolism by impaired phospholipid transport into the lamellar body. These results also demonstrate the usefulness of a genetically versatile, @entity1 model system for functional characterization of @entity8437 mutations with unclear pathogenicity.

title: Functional Characterization of @entity855 -Binding Cassette Transporter A3 Mutations from @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9972 :: ('MESH:D012127', 'Disease') :: ['severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Distress Syndrome']


abstract: The time relationship for recovery of mechanical function, the intramyocardial electrogram and coronary flow after brief periods of regional @entity741 , was studied in conscious @entity235 . Total left vemtricular (LV) function was assessed with measurements of LV systolic and diastolic pressures, rate of change of LV pressure (dP/dt), and dP/dt/P. Regional LV function was assessed with measurements of regional segment length and velocity of shortening. An implanted hydraulic occluder on either the left anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery was inflated for 5- and 15-min periods on separate days. A 5-min occlusion depressed overall LV function transiently, but just before release of occlusion overall function had nearly returned to control. At this time regional function in the @entity63 zone was still depressed to the point of absent shorteining or paradoxical motion during systole and was associated with marked ST segment elevation (+ 10 +/- 2.2 mV) at the site where function was measured. With release of occlusion and reperfusion the intramyocardial electrogram returned to normal within 1 min, and reactive @entity450 subsided by 5-10 min. In contrast to the rapid return to preocclusion levels for coronary flow and the electrogram, regional mechanical function remained depressed for over 3 h. A 15-min @entity1563 resulted in an even more prolonged (greater than 6 h) derangement of function in the @entity63 zone. Thus, brief periods of @entity1563 result in prolonged impairement of regional myocardial function which could not have been predicted from the rapid return of the electrogram and coronary flow. These observations indicate that brief interruptions of coronary flow result either in a prolonged period of local @entity63 or that alterations of mechanical induced by @entity63 far outlast the repayment of the @entity26 debt.

title: Regional myocardial functional and electrophysiological alterations after brief XXXX in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: Fifty-four @entity159 (SC) cases were followed prospectively for a period between 5 and 21 years, the average being 13 years. Three-fourths of the cases had no residuals. There were two patterns of subsequent @entity302 ; 1) @entity410 ( @entity410 ) with or without secondarily generalization (GTS) developed 4.3 +/- 3.5 years after febrile SC, 2) unilateral @entity410 or @entity410 +/- GTS developed 1.2 +/- 1.0 years after afebrile SC. The @entity410 prognosis of these cases was good except for some cases in the former group. There have been two kinds of theories regarding SC and @entity302 until now. One was derived from retrospective studies: SC and/or @entity410 (FC) were considered the main causes of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) producing @entity3877 ( @entity3877 ). Another was derived from prospective studies, in which the relation between FC and @entity1315 was considered weak. Our results revealed that 6 cases (15%) out of 30 febrile SC developed @entity302 , and that five of those six cases were diagnosed as @entity410 . Three of 5 @entity410 cases were diagnosed as @entity1315 . Recently the @entity410 prognosis of operative therapy for @entity1315 --especially the @entity3877 type--has been very favorable. Furthermore, it has become easy to find @entity3877 by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). So, we emphasize that a precise follow-up study of SC using MRI, EEG, etc., is important in deciding the appropriate therapy for @entity1315 , as well as in the study of the pathogenesis of @entity1315 .

title: A long-term follow-up study of first episodes of @entity159 in childhood: in relation to subsequent XXXX (second report).

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['MTS', 'mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'complex partial seizures', 'CPS', 'complex febrile convulsion']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic status convulsivus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Long term use of ovine @entity3317 -releasing hormone (oCRH) requires a convenient route of administration. The effects of 0.3, 3, and 30 micrograms/kg BW synthetic oCRH given as a sc injection and of 10 and 30 micrograms/kg given as an intranasal spray were studied in 10 normal @entity1 in the late afternoon. Basal plasma immunoreactive ACTH (IR-ACTH) and IR- @entity701 levels were 14 +/- 1.9 pg/ml and 4.3 +/- 0.4 microgram/dl (mean +/- SEM). Peak IR-ACTH levels (mean +/- SEM) were 43 +/- 5.5, 53 +/- 8.1, and 64 +/- 8.9 pg/ml after the 0.3, 3, and 30 micrograms/kg doses of oCRH given sc, respectively, and 23 +/- 4.3 and 36 +/- 4.8 pg/ml after the 10 and 30 micrograms/kg doses of oCRH given intranasally, respectively. The lowest sc dose and both intranasal doses caused only single IR-ACTH peaks. After 3 and 30 micrograms/kg sc oCRH, IR-ACTH rose by 15 min, reached an initial peak at 45-60 min, fell rapidly until 90-120 min, and rose to a second peak at 3-5 h. This biphasic response is similar to that previously found after iv administration. IR-ACTH levels remained elevated for 4, 10, and at least 16 h after 0.3, 3, and 30 micrograms/kg sc oCRH, respectively, and for 1.5 and 3 h after 10 and 30 micrograms/kg intranasal oCRH respectively. The effect on IR- @entity701 was similar, but more prolonged. Compared to the iv route, sc oCRH produced similar mean peak IR-ACTH and IR- @entity701 levels and had a slightly longer duration of action. Intranasal oCRH was only about 1% as effective. Peak plasma IR-oCRH levels in 2 subjects receiving 3 micrograms/kg sc oCRH were 13 and 17 ng/ml at 90 min. These peaks were lower than those after iv administration of the same dose, but the levels remained elevated longer, probably accounting for the longer duration of action of sc oCRH. Peak plasma IR-oCRH levels in 4 subjects given 10 microgram/kg intranasal oCRH were only 64-122 pg/ml, presumably reflecting poor absorption through the nasal mucosa. These results demonstrate that sc injection of oCRH is at least as effective as the iv route with respect to plasma IR-ACTH and IR- @entity701 responses. The convenience of this route of administration and the prolonged duration of action of oCRH suggest the feasibility of long term oCRH use.

title: Effect of subcutaneous and intranasal administration of ovine @entity3317 -releasing hormone in XXXX : comparison with intravenous administration.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['corticotropin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Remodeling of the aortic root may be expected to occur in athletes as a consequence of hemodynamic overload associated with exercise training; however, there are few data reporting its presence or extent. This review reports the current knowledge regarding the prevalence, @entity9053 , and clinical significance of aortic remodeling induced by athletic training. Several determinants impact aortic dimension in healthy, nonathletic individuals, including height, body size, age, sex, and blood pressure. Of these factors, anthropometric variables have the greatest impact. In athletes, the effect of exercise training appears to have only a modest additional influence on aortic dimension, although previous studies have produced some conflicting results. Specifically, data derived from the largest available athletic cohort suggest that the most hemodynamically intense endurance disciplines (eg, cycling and swimming) are associated with a significant but mild increase in aortic dimensions. Power disciplines, instead, (eg, weight lifting, throwing events) have only trivial, if any, impact. In contrast, selected data from a different athlete population suggest a more significant dimensional aortic remodeling in strength-trained individuals. In our experience, the 99th percentile value of aortic root diameter corresponds to 40 mm in males and 34 mm in females, which can reasonably be considered the @entity9053 of physiologic aortic root remodeling. However, a small proportion of apparently healthy male athletes (approximately 1%) show aortic enlargement above the @entity9053 , in the absence of @entity262 (ie, @entity1614 ). Athletes presenting with aortic enlargement may demonstrate a further dimensional increase in midlife leading to clinically relevant @entity384 . Occasionally, dilation may be severe enough to warrant consideration for surgical treatment. Therefore, serial clinical and echocardiographic evaluations are recommended in athletes when aortic root exceeds the sex-specific thresholds.

title: XXXX in athletic population.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['upper limits']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Aortic root dilatation']


abstract: Microbubbles are spherical cavities formed in thermally cured @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) using the gas expansion molding technique. Microbubble cavity arrays are generated by casting @entity16549 over a @entity6619 wafer mold containing arrays of deep etched pits. To be useful in various high throughput cell culture and sorting applications it is imperative that uniform micron-sized cavities can be formed over large areas (in(2)). This paper provides an in-depth quantitative analysis of the fabrication parameters that effect the microbubble cavity formation efficiency and size. These include (1) the hydrophobic coating of the mold, (2) the mold pit dimensions, (3) the spatial arrangement of the pit openings, (4) the curing temperature of @entity16549 pre-polymer, (5) @entity16549 thickness, and (6) the presence and composition of residual gas in the @entity16549 pre-polymer mixture. Results suggest that the principles of heterogeneous nucleation and gas diffusion govern microbubble cavity formation, and that surface tension prevents detachment of the vapor bubble that forms in the @entity16549 over the pit. Paramerters are defined that enable the fabrication of large format arrays with uniform cavity size over 6 in(2) with a coefficient-of-variation <10 %. The architecture of the microbubble cavity is uniquely advantageous for cell culture. Large format arrays provide a highly versatile system that can be adapted for use in various high-throughput cell sorting applications. Herein, we demonstrate the use of microbubble cavity arrays to dissect the cellular heterogeneity that exists in a tumorigenic @entity957 cell line at the single cell level.

title: Quantitative analysis of spherical microbubble cavity array formation in thermally cured XXXX for use in cell sorting applications.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

answer: @entity13768 :: (MESH:C013830,Chemical) :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In the management of @entity1 with @entity5513 it is essential to reliably assess @entity5 size. In respect to volumetric and linear measurements of these @entity5 we evaluated a) the inter-rater reliability, b) the intra-rater variability, c) the concordance of volume measurements derived from axial versus those from coronal MRI datasets, and d) the correlation of one-dimensional and volumetric measurements. @entity1 AND METHODS: We selected @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted MRI datasets from 20 @entity1 who had both axial and coronal datasets available with the same slice thickness in each of these orientations. @entity5 volumes and diameters were independently determined by two investigators. RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability was determined based on the intra-class correlation coefficient, which was 0.998 for volumetric measurements and 0.950 for diameters. The relative smallest detectable difference between both raters was 21.2% for volumetric and 21.2% for linear measurements. Regarding the intra-rater variability we found a relative smallest detectable difference of 17.5% (rater 1) and 24.3% (rater 2) for volumetric measurements. The correlation between measurements on axial and those on coronal datasets was   =0.999. In order to find a function that reliably predicts @entity5 volume from diameter, we fitted a series of equations based on linear and polynomial regression, with the highest regression coefficient being r(2)=0.79. CONCLUSION: The longitudinal use of semi-automated volumetric measurements has the potential to accurately inform @entity5513 disease management. We have quantified the reliability of this technique. A strict MRI protocol for follow-up investigations should be adhered to in order to minimize measuring errors.

title: Evaluating XXXX size and volume on magnetic resonance imaging: An inter- and intra-rater agreement study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) represents a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple @entity1560 to @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) and is associated with @entity6340 ( @entity6340 ). Currently, the invasive liver biopsy is considered as the gold standard for evaluating @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ); however, @entity409 measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TE) trough FibroScan device may be employed to estimate @entity1575 noninvasively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity1561 in @entity6340 subjects and to analyse LSM with TE to better identify those individuals with a potential risk of @entity409 progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty subjects with @entity6340 (38 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 , mean age 46.4 +/- 10.9 years) were included in the study. We studied biochemical parameters including lipid profile, @entity413 , transaminase and insulin; blood pressure and waist circumference (WC) were measured; BMI and HOMA-index were calculated. Ultrasonography was performed to assess @entity1560 and carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ). Liver @entity82 was measured by FibroScan. RESULTS: @entity1 were classified according to have no (group 0: 19%), mild (group 1: 32%) or moderate-severe (group 2: 49%) @entity1560 . No difference was found between group 0 and 1 concerning all study parameters. WC (P < 0.05), BMI (P < 0.05), @entity413 (P < 0.05), insulin (P < 0.001), HOMA-index (P < 0.001) and LSM (6.03 +/- 1.9 Kpa vs. 4.2 +/- 0.5 Kpa, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in group 2 than groups 1 and 0. Furthermore, LSM correlated with insulin (P < 0.05), @entity413 (P < 0.05), HOMA-index (P < 0.001), transaminase (P < 0.01) and @entity1560 (P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that LSM (P < 0.001) and @entity1561 (P < 0.01) is associated with HOMA-index; @entity1561 is also associated with WC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in @entity6340 subjects, HOMA-index, an insulin resistance index, is strongly associated with @entity1560 and its progression. Furthermore, in these subjects, we propose the transient elastography to identify and follow up @entity1 for the progression of @entity99 .

title: Assessment of @entity409 in subjects affected by @entity6340 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['familial combined hyperlipidaemia', 'FCHL']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis', 'NASH']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['LF', 'liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['hepatic steatosis']


abstract: The neurobehavioral underpinnings of @entity11532 are not well understood. Insight might be gained by understanding pharmacological effects on the reward system in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Treatment with @entity935 agonists (DAs) has been associated with @entity11532 in @entity191 @entity1 . However, how DAs are involved in the development of this form of addiction is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that tonic stimulation of @entity935 receptors specifically desensitizes the dopaminergic reward system by preventing decreases in dopaminergic transmission that occurs with negative feedback. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we studied @entity191 @entity1 during three sessions of a probabilistic reward task in random order: off medication, after levodopa (LD) treatment, and after an equivalent dose of DA ( @entity399 ). For each trial, a reward prediction error value was computed using outcome, stake, and probability. @entity399 specifically changed activity of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in two ways that were both associated with increased risk taking in an out-of-magnet task. Outcome-induced activations were generally higher with @entity399 compared with LD or off medication. In addition, only @entity399 greatly diminished trial-by-trial correlation with reward prediction error values. Further analysis yielded that this resulted mainly from impaired deactivation in trials with negative errors in reward prediction. We propose that DAs prevent pauses in @entity935 transmission and thereby impair the negative reinforcing effect of losing. Our findings raise the question of whether @entity11532 may in part stem from an impaired capacity of the OFC to guide behavior when facing negative consequences.

title: XXXX agonists diminish value sensitivity of the orbitofrontal cortex: a trigger for @entity11532 in @entity191 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['Pramipexole', 'pramipexole']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reliable age determination of first-trimester @entity1 embryos and fetuses is an important parameter for clinical use and basic science. Age determination by ultrasound or morphometric parameters of embryos 4-6 weeks post conception (p.c.) have been questioned, and more accurate methods are required. Data on whether and how maternal smoking and @entity167 consumption influence embryonic and fetal foot growth is also lacking. METHODS: Embryonic tissue from 102 first-trimester legal abortions (aged 35-69 days p.c.) were collected. All @entity1 answered a questionnaire concerning smoking and drinking habits, and delivered a urine sample for @entity4874 analysis. Embryonic age was evaluated by vaginal ultrasound measurements and by post-termination foot length and compared with the @entity5 . RESULTS: Foot bud and foot plate were defined and measured as foot length in embryos aged 35-47 days p.c. (range 0.8-2.1 mm). In embryos and fetuses aged 41-69 days p.c., heel-toe length was measured (range 2.5-7.5 mm). We found a significant linear correlation between foot length and age. Morphology of the feet was compared visually with the Carnegie collection, and we found that the mean ages of the two collections correlated well. Foot length was independent of gender, Environmental @entity286 Smoke, maternal smoking and @entity167 consumption. CONCLUSION: Foot length correlated linearly to embryonic and foetal age, and was unaffected by gender, ETS, maternal smoking and @entity167 consumption.

title: Age determination enhanced by embryonic foot bud and foot plate measurements in relation to XXXX , and the influence of maternal cigarette smoking.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Carnegie stages']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Carnegie stages']


abstract: A 71-year-old @entity1 was referred to our outpatient clinic because of @entity4841 and swelling of his right hand. He also showed a subcutaneous nodule on his left knee. A second @entity1 , a 57-year-old @entity1 , was referred because of @entity158 skin of her legs. Dermatologic examination revealed erythematous livid discoloration on both feet and legs. There were reticular varices, @entity5519 medialis and minimal pitting @entity4 . Serology tested positive in both @entity1 for @entity12732 and they both recalled tick bites. A third @entity1 , a 73-year-old @entity1 , was referred because of erythema and maculae located at her lower legs and positive @entity12732 serology. Pathologic examination was typical for @entity9145 chronica @entity2641 , a late skin manifestation of @entity3001 . In all @entity1 , symptoms improved after treatment with @entity3403 for four weeks. A lack of familiarity with this @entity272 may lead to unnecessary vascular investigations and considerable delay in adequate treatment.

title: [ @entity9145 chronica XXXX : late manifestation of @entity3001 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity5519 :: ('MESH:C535571', 'Disease') :: ['corona flebectatia paraplantaris']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition']

entities_list: @entity2641 :: ('MESH:D011038', 'Disease') :: ['atrophicans']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity9145 :: ('MESH:D000169', 'Disease') :: ['acrodermatitis']

answer: @entity2641 :: (MESH:D011038,Disease) :: ['atrophicans']


abstract: HISTORY AND FINDINGS: A 44-year-old @entity1 was referred to the emergency department for acute paraumbilical @entity490 with colics. 5 days previously, a tooth extraction had been performed and postoperatively @entity5018 had been prescribed for @entity158 relief. The medical history was empty besides a @entity114 @entity566 and two caesarean sections 20 and 21 years ago. INVESTIGATIONS: The physical examination revealed @entity158 on palpation. Abdominal ultrasound could identify some free fluid and an aperistaltic intestinal loop as well as an echo-rich structure in the hypogastric region. An abdominal CT scan showed a hypodense tubular structure of 6.5 x 3.3 cm indicating a possible ischaemic intestinal segment, and a dilated intestinal loop as well as an uterus myomatosis. Due to therapy refractory symptoms and increasing leucocytes on the second day after admission, a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. DIAGNOSIS: Intraoperatively, a @entity18910 as well as an adhesive strangulation of the small intestine could be identified. TREATMENT AND COURSE: Consecutively, surgery with an ileocoecal resection and a side-to-side ileotransversostomy was performed. Within a few days, the @entity1 recovered completely and resumed normal activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: In the evaluation of unclear acute @entity490 , interdisciplinary cooperation is very important to ensure a fast and appropriate diagnosis and therapy as shown in our case.

title: [A rare differential diagnosis of acute XXXX --case 04/2009].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity18910 :: ('MESH:D007078', 'Disease') :: ['volvulus of the ileum']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'paraumbilical pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aims of this study were to assess the incidence, predictors, consequences, and inpatient cost of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in a community-based cohort of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: Between 1993 and 1996, 1,294 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were @entity6 Study. LEAs and mortality from cardiac causes were monitored until 30 June 2005. Inpatient costs (in Australian dollars in year 2000), derived using a case-mix approach, were available for the period from 1 July 1993 to 30 June 2000. RESULTS: During follow-up 44 @entity1 without LEA at baseline had a first-ever @entity6 -related LEA, an incidence of 3.8 per 1,000 @entity1 -years. Independent predictors of first-ever LEA included foot @entity1066 (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 5.56 [1.24-25.01]), an ankle brachial index < or =0.90 (2.21 [1.11-4.42]), HbA(1c) (increase of 1%: 1.30 [1.10-1.54]) and @entity16 (2.65 [1.30-5.44]). The risk of @entity204 was significantly increased in @entity1 with LEA at baseline, although this was not an independent risk factor. The median (interquartile range) inpatient cost per LEA admission was 12,485 Australian dollars (6,037 Australian dollars-24,415 Australian dollars), with a median length of stay of 24 (10-43) days. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: First-ever LEAs in @entity164 2 @entity1 were associated with poor glycaemic control, foot @entity1066 and evidence of microvascular and @entity66 . @entity1 with LEA were at increased risk of @entity204 . LEAs contribute disproportionately to @entity6 -related inpatient costs.

title: Predictors, consequences and costs of @entity6 -related lower extremity amputation complicating @entity164 2 @entity6 : the Fremantle XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'recruited to the longitudinal, observational Fremantle Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rarely, hypoxaemia is associated with shunt reversal at the atrial level. Closure by interventional catheterization is the treatment of choice but indications and results have been studied insufficiently. PURPOSE: To describe our experience with interventional closure of atrial right-to-left shunts described as hypoxaemic and the impact on @entity1 oxygenation and clinical status. METHOD: Retrospective study in two referral centres, including all @entity1 undergoing closure of interatrial right-to-left shunt associated with hypoxaemia. RESULTS: Since 2001, 21 consecutive @entity1 underwent interventional shunt closure using the "Amplatzer((R)) device"; two @entity1 had @entity118 and 19 had @entity4616 . Three @entity1 had minor adverse events; two @entity1 have a tiny residual shunt. Transcutaneous @entity26 saturation and partial @entity26 pressure increased significantly from 86+/-5 to 95+/-3% (p<0.001) and from 49.8+/-6.8 to 82.9+/-30.4mmHg (p=0.001), respectively. Seventeen (80%) @entity1 reported clinical improvement. However, @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 remained more symptomatic, with three @entity204 after a median follow-up of 35 (6-97) months and 89% remaining in New York Heart Association class III/IV (vs 29% of @entity1 without chronic @entity1576 ; p=0.035). CONCLUSION: Hypoxaemic shunts are treated effectively by transcatheter closure, resulting in functional improvement in @entity1 without @entity1576 . When associated with chronic @entity1576 , hypoxaemia often persists after shunt closure. In such cases, the right-to-left atrial shunt does not seem to be the main cause of hypoxaemia and the indication for closure is questionable.

title: Should we close hypoxaemic XXXX and interatrial shunts on a systematic basis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity4616 :: (MESH:D054092,Disease) :: ['patent foramen ovale']


abstract: Intraepithelial @entity5 -infiltrating T cells have been correlated with improved outcomes in @entity43 , however, it is not known whether there is an association with disease stage, histological subtype, or @entity5345 mutation/expression. Two case series of @entity43 were included in the study; a retrospective series of 500 @entity1 , and 40 prospectively collected cases fully characterized for @entity5345 mutation status and expression. Intraepithelial immune cells were assessed as present or absent by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. In the retrospective case series, the presence of intraepithelial @entity405 (+) T-cells correlated with improved disease-specific survival (P=0.027), whereas intraepithelial CD3(+) T cells did not (P=0.49). For serous @entity43 , the presence of intraepithelial CD3(+) and @entity405 (+) T-cells correlated with improved disease-specific survival (P=0.0016 and P<or=0.0001, respectively). The presence of intraepithelial @entity405 (+) T cells was not associated with improved survival in @entity1358 . On multivariate analysis, disease stage and @entity405 (+) T cells were found to be independently predictive of improved disease-specific survival, whereas grade, age at surgery, and type of adjuvant treatment were not. In the prospective @entity1 cohort, intraepithelial @entity405 (+) T-cells correlated with the presence of mutation or loss of expression of @entity5345 through promoter methylation (P=0.019). Intraepithelial @entity405 (+) @entity5 -infiltrating T-cells correlate with improved clinical outcomes for all stages of @entity43 ; this association is restricted to the serous @entity43 subtype, and is an independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. The presence of intraepithelial @entity405 (+) T cells also significantly correlates with loss of @entity5345 .

title: Intraepithelial T cells and prognosis in XXXX : novel associations with stage, @entity5 type, and @entity5345 loss.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid or clear cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the patterns of use of initial kidney replacement therapies among @entity1 with @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) @entity454 ( @entity454 ). We aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with variation in initial kidney replacement therapies among @entity454 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with incident @entity454 (1995-2006) were identified in the US Renal Data System. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, medical insurance, employment status, residential region, clinical factors, and comorbidities were considered as potential predictors of @entity454 treatment choice, i.e., @entity298 ( @entity298 ), hemodialysis (HD), or preemptive kidney transplantation in age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the 11,317 individuals with incident @entity454 , 82.0% initiated HD, 12.2% initiated @entity298 , and 2.8% underwent preemptive kidney transplantation. Receiving initial @entity298 was significantly associated with earlier calendar year, female sex, higher albumin and hemoglobin levels, and lower serum creatinine levels. African Americans (versus whites), Medicaid beneficiaries and those with no health insurance (versus private insurance), and those unemployed (versus employed) had significantly reduced @entity298 initiation. Comorbidities including congestive @entity712 , @entity1095 , and the inability to ambulate were also associated with decreased @entity298 . Many sociodemographic and clinical factors favoring @entity298 were associated with preemptive kidney transplant (versus dialysis) as well. CONCLUSION: Few @entity1 with @entity454 receive initial @entity298 or preemptive kidney transplantation. Race, ethnicity, employment, and medical insurance type are strongly associated with initial kidney replacement therapy choice. Future studies need to investigate the appropriateness of sociodemographic and clinical variation and the comparative effectiveness of kidney replacement therapies for @entity454 .

title: Variation in initial kidney replacement therapy for XXXX due to @entity1988 in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD', 'LN ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The dietary carotenoids @entity8665 (L) and @entity7695 (Z) are transported on lipoproteins in the serum. The mechanism of delivery of L and Z to the macula, where they constitute @entity2118 ( @entity2118 ), is poorly understood. This study was an investigation of the respective relationships between serum lipoprotein profile, @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ), and serum L and Z. METHODS: Three hundred two healthy subjects were recruited; 211 (69.9%) were @entity1 . Demographic and health details were recorded. Fasting blood samples were taken for lipoprotein analysis by spectrophotometric assay and L and Z analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. @entity1781 was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry. RESULTS: The mean    SD (range) age of all subjects was 48    11 (21-66) years. There was a statistically significant and positive association between serum L concentration and both serum @entity165 concentration (r = 0.239, P < 0.001) and serum HDL concentration (r = 0.324, P < 0.001), but not with serum LDL concentration (r = 0.095, P = 0.101). There was a statistically significant but inverse association between serum @entity412 concentration and total @entity1781 (r = -0.118, P = 0.044). There was no significant association between @entity1781 and serum @entity165 concentration or serum HDL concentration (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HDL is important for the transport of L in serum. The mechanism(s) whereby L and Z are captured by the macula and whether the serum (apo)lipoprotein profile is important in the transfer of the carotenoids from serum to retina merit further study.

title: The respective relationships between lipoprotein profile, @entity2118 optical density, and serum concentrations of @entity8665 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['MPOD', 'MP optical density']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['macular pigment', 'MP']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity7695 :: (MESH:C005881,Chemical) :: ['zeaxanthin']


abstract: C3Hf/Dp @entity19 were given a single i.p. injection of 50, 25 or 5 mug/g @entity7045 ( @entity7045 ) at either 1 or 70 days of age or 50 mug/g at 21 days of age. They were observed until @entity204 or until 120 weeks of age. The two highest doses of NMU produced @entity5 in a wide spectrum of organs, including the thymus, forestomach, lung, liver (only in males), kidneys, ovaries and orbital glands. The only two @entity5 types which appeared to be closely related to the occurrence of @entity204 were thymic lymphomata (most of which were found in @entity19 dying before 40 weeks after treatment) and carcinomata of the forestomach. Lifetime analyses are presented concerning the occurrence of these two @entity5 types as well as the occurrence of any @entity5 after 40 weeks of age or since treatment. Incidences of thymic lymphomata were 67.6%, 39.0% and 21.2% in @entity19 receiving 50 mug/g NMU at 1, 21 and 70 days respectively and 17.1% in @entity19 receiving 25 mug/g at 1 day. In the other groups the incidence of thymic lymphomata was zero or negligible. The rate of progression of thymic lymphomata until @entity204 was related to both earliness of treatment and dose. On the contrary, incidences and progression of carcinomata of the forestomach were unrelated to age at treatment. Since breakdown of NMU is very rapid and does not require enzymes, these results are considered as evidence that host- @entity5 interaction differs from organ to organ. No excess of @entity5 over the controls was found in @entity19 receiving 5 mug/g either at 1 or 70 days of age.

title: The roles of age at treatment and dose in carcinogenesis in C3Hf/Dp @entity19 with a single administration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['NMU', 'N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity7045 :: (CHEBI:50102,Chemical) :: ['N-nitroso-N-methylurea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few if any prevention strategies are available for @entity626 ( @entity571 ). In those with symptomatic medial @entity571 , the contralateral knee may be at high risk of disease, and a reduction in medial loading in that knee might prevent disease or its progression there. Our aim was to determine how often @entity1 with medial @entity571 on 1 side had either concurrent or later medial @entity571 on the contralateral side, and whether an intervention known to reduce medial loading in affected knees with medial @entity571 might reduce medial loading in the contralateral knee. Lateral wedge insoles reduce loading across an affected medial knee but their effect on the contralateral knee is unknown. METHODS: To determine the proportion of @entity1 with medial knee @entity571 who had concurrent medial contralateral @entity571 or developed contralateral medial @entity571 later, we examined knee radiographs from the longitudinal Framingham @entity571 Study. Then, to examine an approach to reducing medial load in the contralateral knee, 51 @entity1 from a separate study with painful medial tibiofemoral @entity571 underwent gait analysis wearing bilateral controlled shoes with no insoles, and then with 2 types of wedge insoles laterally posted by 5  . Primary outcome was the external knee adduction moment (EKAM) in the contralateral knee. Nonparametric CI were constructed around the median differences in percentage change in the affected and contralateral sides. RESULTS: Of Framingham subjects with medial radiograph knee @entity571 , 137/152 (90%) either had concurrent contralateral medial @entity571 or developed it within 10 years. Of those with medial symptomatic knee @entity571 , 43/67 (64%) had or developed the same disease state in the contralateral knee. Compared to a control shoe, medial loading was reduced substantially on both the affected (median percentage EKAM change -4.84%; 95% CI -11.33% to -0.65%) and contralateral sides (median percentage EKAM change -9.34%; 95% CI -10.57% to -6.45%). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with medial @entity571 , the contralateral knee is also at high risk of medial @entity571 . Bilateral reduction in medial loading in knees by use of strategies such as lateral wedge insoles might not only reduce medial load in affected knees but prevent knee @entity571 or its progression on the contralateral side.

title: A new approach to prevention of XXXX : reducing medial load in the contralateral knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cord retethering and other @entity260 can occur after the surgical untethering of a first-time symptomatic tethered cord. It is unclear if using duraplasty vs. primary dural closure in the initial operation is associated with decreased incidence of either immediate @entity260 or subsequent symptomatic retethering. It is also unclear if different etiologies are associated with different outcomes after each method of closure. We reviewed our pediatric experience in first-time surgical untethering of symptomatic @entity601 ( @entity601 ) to identify the incidence of @entity260 and symptomatic retethering after duraplasty vs. primary closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 110 consecutive pediatric (<18 years old) cases of first-time symptomatic spinal cord untethering at our institution over a 10-year period. Incidence of @entity260 and symptomatic retethering were compared in cases with duraplasty vs. primary dural closure use. RESULTS: Mean age was 5.7 +/- 4.8 years old. "Complex" etiologies included @entity32665 or prior @entity32665 repair in 22 (20%) @entity1 , prior myelomeningocele repair in 35 (32%), and concurrent @entity362 in 18 (16%). "Noncomplex etiologies" included fatty filum in 26 (24%) and @entity602 in five (4%). Seventy-five (68%) cases underwent primary dural closure vs. 35 (32%) with duraplasty. Twenty-nine (26%) @entity1 experienced symptomatic retethering at a median [interquartile range (IQR)] of 30.5 [20.75-41.75] months postoperatively. There was no difference in incidence of @entity86 , @entity281 , or median [IQR] length of stay in @entity1 receiving primary dural closure [4 (5%), 7 (9%), and 5 (4-6) days, respectively] vs. duraplasty [3 (9%), 3 (9%), and 6 [5-8] days, respectively], p > 0.05. Complex etiologies were more likely to retether than noncomplex etiologies after primary closure (33.6% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.05) but not after duraplasty (13.7% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.33). Duraplasty graft type ( @entity736 vs. @entity291 pericardium) was not associated with pseudomeningocele or retethering. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the increased rate of symptomatic retethering observed with complex pediatric @entity601 (pTCS) etiologies after primary dural closures was not observed when duraplasty was instituted. Expansile duraplasty may be valuable specifically in the management of @entity1 subgroups with complex pTCS etiologies.

title: Incidence of symptomatic retethering after surgical management of pediatric XXXX with or without duraplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral lipoma']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['split cord malformation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['TCS', 'tethered cord syndrome']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity32665 :: ('MESH:C537030', 'Disease') :: ['lipomyelomeningocele']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['tethered cord syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical treatment and prognosis of non-traumatic acute lower limb @entity63 , and compare the morbidity and prognosis of @entity697 and acute arterial @entity715 . METHODS: The clinical data of 154 acute lower limb @entity63 @entity1 surgically treated from July 1999 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Fogarty catheter embolectomy was used in all @entity1 ; in which, 128 cases underwent Fogarty catheter embolectomy only, 8 cases Fogarty catheter embolectomy combined with endarterectomy, 13 cases Fogarty catheter embolectomy combined with vascular reconstruction with prosthetic graft or great saphenous vein, 5 cases Fogarty catheter embolectomy combined with amputation. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to pathogenesis: @entity697 group (99 cases) and acute arterial @entity715 group (55 cases). The morbidity, amputation, perioperative mortality rates and high risk factors of amputation in the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Female experienced @entity697 more often than @entity1 (60.6% vs 39.4%, P < 0.05), and more acute arterial @entity715 occurred in @entity1 (72.7% vs 27.3%, P < 0.05). The amputation rate of all cases was 9.7%, and perioperative mortality rate was 11.7%. The amputation rate in @entity697 group was lower than acute arterial @entity715 group (5.1% vs 18.2%, P < 0.05). The perioperative mortality rates in the two groups were equal (11.1% vs 12.7%, P > 0.05). The statistically high risk factor of amputation for two groups was ischemic time, and smoking and @entity6 were high risk factors for acute arterial @entity715 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 experiences acute arterial @entity715 more often, and @entity1 experiences @entity697 more often. The amputation rate of @entity697 is lower than acute arterial @entity715 , and acute arterial @entity715 has more high risk factors of amputation.

title: [Surgical treatment of 154 @entity1 with non-traumatic acute lower limb XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'man']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute arterial embolism']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification with intravitreal @entity2713 (ivTA) injection in @entity6 with @entity231 and clinically significant macular @entity4 (CSMO). METHODS: A total of 19 eyes of 15 consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with @entity231 and CSMO were prospectively recruited. @entity1 underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation with 4 mg ivTA injection at completion of surgery. @entity1 were followed up on day 1, then weekly for 1 month, and thereafter monthly until 6 months postoperatively. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) measured by optical coherence tomography, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: In @entity735 completed 6 months of follow-up. In all, 58.8% showed improvement in BCVA of >or=2 lines, with statistically significant improvement in mean Snellen BCVA of 2.4 lines at 6 months. The peak BCVA was achieved at 4 months. The mean @entity1020 decreased from a baseline of 449 microm to a minimum of 321+/-148 microm (28.5% reduction) achieved at 2 months, with statistically significant reduction at all postoperative time intervals until 6 months. Of 17 eyes, 4 (23.5%) developed transiently elevated intraocular pressure that normalised by 6 months in all but one @entity1 . No injection- or surgery-related complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification with concurrent 4 mg ivTA injection appears to be a safe option for managing @entity6 with @entity231 and CSMO. However, large-scaled randomised controlled trials are necessary for delineating the relative contributions of @entity231 removal and @entity1020 @entity227 . Moreover, the transient effect on @entity1020 may warrant further studies to determine optimal timing and dosage of further ivTA injections.

title: Phacoemulsification with intravitreal XXXX in @entity1 with @entity231 and coexisting @entity6 : a 6-month prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['reduction to visual improvement']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: Animal studies suggest the neurotransmitter @entity935 (DA) plays an important role in decision-making. In @entity35 , DA depletion decreases tolerance for effort and probability costs, while drugs enhancing DA increase tolerance for these costs. However, data regarding the effect of DA manipulations on effort and probability costs in @entity1 remain scarce. The current study examined acute effects of @entity2254 , an indirect DA agonist, on willingness of healthy @entity1 volunteers to exert effort for monetary rewards at varying levels of reward value and reward probability. Based on preclinical research, we predicted @entity4944 would increase exertion of effort, particularly when reward probability was low. Over three sessions, 17 healthy normal adults received placebo, @entity2254 10 mg, and 20 mg under counterbalanced double-blind conditions and completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task. Consistent with predictions, @entity4944 enhanced willingness to exert effort, particularly when reward probability was lower. @entity4944 did not alter effects of reward magnitude on willingness to exert effort. @entity4944 sped task performance, but its psychomotor effects were not strongly related to its effects on decision-making. This is the first demonstration in @entity1 that dopaminergic manipulations alter willingness to exert effort for rewards. These findings help elucidate neurochemical substrates of choice, with implications for @entity146 characterized by @entity51 .

title: Amping up effort: effects of XXXX on @entity1 effort-based decision-making.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic dysfunction and motivational deficits']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine', 'Amphetamine']

answer: @entity2254 :: (MESH:D003913,Chemical) :: ['d-amphetamine']