abstract: @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL) is an inherited @entity455 of the brain recently mapped to chromosome 19. We studied 148 subjects belonging to seven families by magnetic resonance imaging and genetic linkage analysis. 45 family members (23 males and 22 females) were clinically affected. Frequent signs were recurrent subcortical ischaemic events (84%), progressive or stepwise subcortical @entity303 with @entity12911 (31%), @entity2795 (22%), and @entity1316 with severe @entity308 episodes (20%). All symptomatic subjects had prominent signal abnormalities on MRI with hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted images in the subcortical white-matter and basal ganglia which were also present in 19 asymptomatic subjects. The age at onset of symptoms was mean 45 (SD [10-6]) years, with attacks of @entity2795 occurring earlier in life (38.1 [8.03] years) than ischaemic events (49.3 [10.7] years). The mean age at death was 64.5 (10.6) years. On the basis of MRI data, the penetrance of the disease appears complete between 30 and 40 years of age. Genetic analysis showed strong linkage to the CADASIL locus for all seven families, suggesting genetic homogeneity. CADASIL is a hereditary cause of @entity64 , @entity2795 , @entity1316 and @entity303 . The diagnosis should be considered not only in @entity1 with recurrent small @entity1188 leading to @entity303 , but also in @entity1 with transient ischaemic attacks, @entity2795 or severe @entity1316 , whenever MRI reveals prominent signal @entity62 . Clinical and MRI investigations of family members are then crucial for the diagnosis which can be confirmed by genetic linkage analysis. The disease is probably largely undiagnosed.

title: Clinical spectrum of CADASIL: a study of 7 families. @entity74 with XXXX and @entity62 .

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity12911 :: ('MESH:D020828', 'Disease') :: ['pseudobulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbances', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical infarcts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the subcortical white-matter and basal ganglia', 'leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['subcortical infarcts']


abstract: The @entity2060 plastid and mitochondrial transcriptomes were surveyed for changes in RNA profiles resulting from growth in 12 culture conditions representing 8 abiotic stimuli. Organellar RNA abundance exhibited marked changes during nutrient stress and exposure to UV light, as revealed by both RNA gel blot and DNA microarray analyses. Of particular note were large increases in tufA and @entity62199 transcript abundance during nutrient limitation. @entity1391 and @entity599 limitation resulted in the most global, yet opposite, effects on organellar RNA abundance, changes that were dissected further using run-on transcription assays. Removal of @entity597 from the culture medium, which is known to reduce photosynthesis, resulted in 2-fold to 10-fold decreases in transcription rates, which were reflected in lower RNA abundance. The decrease in transcriptional activity was completely reversible and recovered to twice the control level after @entity597 replenishment. Conversely, @entity1391 limitation resulted in a twofold to threefold increase in RNA abundance that was found to be a post-transcriptional effect, because it could be accounted for by increased RNA stability. This finding is consistent with the known metabolic slowdown under @entity1391 stress. Additionally, inhibitor studies suggested that unlike those in higher plants, @entity2060 chloroplasts lack a nucleus-encoded plastid RNA polymerase. The apparently single type of polymerase could contribute to the rapid and genome-wide transcriptional responses observed within the chloroplast.

title: The XXXX organellar genomes respond transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally to abiotic stimuli.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate', 'Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydomonas', 'Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity2060 :: (3055,Species) :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent evidence suggests that there may be an increased risk of @entity385 immediately after @entity1229 initiation. We examined the rate of @entity385 among @entity1 with @entity955 newly started on @entity1229 therapy. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study among Ontario residents aged >= 66 years with @entity955 who received @entity1229 between April 1, 1997, and March 31, 2010. Each @entity1 was followed up for  <=5 years in 30-day intervals. For each interval, we determined the rate of @entity385 . RESULTS: After 5 years, the cumulative incidence of @entity385 among new users of @entity1229 (n=148 446) was 4.0% (n=6006). The risk was highest during the first 30 days after initiation (6.0% per @entity1 -year; 95% confidence interval, 5.5%-6.4%) compared with the remainder of follow-up (1.6% per @entity1 -year; 95% confidence interval, 1.5%-1.6%), and increased with higher baseline CHADS2 ( @entity712 , @entity101 , age >= 75 years, @entity6 , @entity64 ) scores. Less frequent monitoring may have contributed. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of older @entity1 with @entity955 , we observed the highest rate of @entity385 in the first 30 days after @entity1229 initiation. Although causation cannot be established given the observational nature of this study, our findings highlight the need for future research in this population.

title: Rates of @entity385 During @entity1229 Treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['previous stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: Steady-state kinetics for the reaction of @entity10052 bacterial cytochrome c peroxidase (BCCP) with its substrate cytochrome c(2) were investigated. The Rb. capsulatus BCCP is dependent on @entity460 for activation as previously shown for the @entity796 BCCP and @entity33320 enzymes. Furthermore, the activity shows a bell-shaped pH dependence with optimum at pH 7.0. Enzyme activity is greatest at low ionic strength and drops off steeply as ionic strength increases, resulting in an apparent interaction domain charge product of -13. All cytochromes c(2) show an asymmetric distribution of surface charge, with a concentration of 14 positive charges near the exposed heme edge of Rb. capsulatus c(2) which potentially may interact with approximately 6 negative charges, localized near the edge of the high-potential heme of the Rb. capsulatus BCCP. To test this proposal, we constructed charge reversal mutants of the 14 positively charged residues located on the front face of Rb. capsulatus cytochrome c(2) and examined their effect on steady-state kinetics with BCCP. Mutated residues in Rb. capsulatus cytochrome c(2) that showed the greatest effects on binding and enzyme activity are @entity62265 , @entity62266 , @entity50131 , @entity62267 , @entity62268 , and @entity62269 , which is consistent with the site of electron transfer being located at the @entity1446 edge. We conclude that a combination of long-range, nonspecific electrostatic interactions as well as localized salt bridges between, e.g., cytochrome c(2) K12, K14, K54, and K99 with BCCP D194, D241, and D6, account for the observed kinetics.

title: Characterization of the interaction of XXXX cytochrome c peroxidase with charge reversal mutants of cytochrome c(2).

entities_list: @entity10052 :: ('1061', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter capsulatus']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity62266 :: ('p|SUB|K|14|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K14E']

entities_list: @entity62268 :: ('p|SUB|K|93|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K93E']

entities_list: @entity62267 :: ('p|SUB|K|84|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K84E']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity50131 :: ('p|SUB|K|54|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K54E']

entities_list: @entity33320 :: ('266', 'Species') :: ['Paracoccus denitrificans']

entities_list: @entity62265 :: ('p|SUB|K|12|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K12E']

entities_list: @entity62269 :: ('p|SUB|K|99|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K99E']

answer: @entity10052 :: (1061,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter capsulatus']


abstract: In @entity1 with recent onset @entity177 , the decision to perform @entity8 ( @entity8 ) vs. @entity409 ( @entity409 ) can be difficult. We hypothesized that duration of @entity8 may correlate with @entity1011 elevation after liver transplantation. We retrospectively identified 69 liver transplantation @entity1 with pretransplantation @entity1011 > or =1.5 mg/dL (53 @entity409 , 13 @entity8 ). Variables analyzed were presence of @entity3182 , @entity1011 , Model for End-Stage @entity409 score, albumin, age, race, gender, cause of @entity409 , @entity6 , @entity101 , and history of ascites, spontaneous @entity298 , @entity548 , @entity99 , renal replacement therapy (RRT), and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting. @entity8 was predictive of 6- and 12-month @entity1011 post- @entity409 . Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for prediction of 12-month @entity177 by @entity8 duration was 0.71; optimal duration cutoff was 3.6 weeks. We applied a multivariable model, derived from @entity409 @entity1 , to @entity8 subjects with @entity3182 . Predicted 12-month @entity1011 without renal transplantation was >2.0 mg/dL for each @entity1 . @entity8 @entity1 as opposed to @entity409 @entity1 had longer duration of @entity8 (median, 18.1 vs. 2.7 weeks, P < 0.001), higher @entity1011 (median 4.0 versus 1.7 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and higher rate of pretransplantation RRT (62% vs. 7%, P < 0.001). Adjusting for baseline characteristics, @entity8 @entity1 had lower @entity1011 than @entity409 @entity1 at 6 months (P =0.15) and 12 months (P =0.01) after transplantation. In conclusion, duration, but not cause, of @entity8 predicts renal outcome in @entity409 recipients. Prospective studies may use duration of @entity8 to help identify @entity8 candidates.

title: Renal function after orthotopic liver transplantation is predicted by duration of pretransplantation XXXX elevation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['combined kidney/liver transplantation', 'CKLT', 'Duration of pretransplantation renal dysfunction', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome', 'definite or possible hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['orthotopic liver transplantation alone', 'liver disease', 'Liver Disease', 'OLTa']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis and kidney graft recipients are high-risk populations for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. @entity11648 ( @entity11648 ), @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ), RANK ligand, @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ), @entity15461 protein and @entity12017 ( @entity12017 ) are bone- and vascular-derived molecular biomarkers that have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular surrogate end points; however, currently available data on the prognostic value of these biomarkers is inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to summarize the available evidence on the association of molecular biomarkers with mortality in individuals undergoing hemodialysis and renal transplant @entity1 . METHODS: Two databases (MEDLINE and Embase) were systematically searched. Studies were eligible if the association of biomarker and mortality was reported as time-to-event data [hazard Ratio (HR)] or as effect size with a fixed time of follow-up [odds Ratio (OR)]. Abstracted HRs were converted onto a standard scale of effect and combined using a random effects model. RESULTS: From a total of 1170 studies identified in initial searches, 21 met the inclusion criteria. In hemodialysis @entity1 , comparing the lower third with the upper third of baseline @entity11648 distribution, pooled HRs (95% confidence intervals) were 1.94 (1.47, 2.56) for all-cause mortality and 2.4 (1.64, 3.51) for @entity65 . For the same comparison of baseline @entity2159 distribution, pooled HRs were 1.8 (0.95, 3.39) for all-cause mortality and 2.53 (1.29, 4.94) for @entity65 . Reported risk estimates of RANK ligand, @entity1096 , @entity15461 protein and @entity12017 were not suitable for pooling; however, only @entity15461 protein was significantly related to mortality. For kidney graft recipients, four studies that investigated the relationship of @entity11648 and @entity2159 with mortality were identified, all of which reported a significant association. CONCLUSIONS: In hemodialysis @entity1 , @entity11648 is a predictor of all-cause and @entity65 , whereas the predictive value of @entity2159 is restricted to @entity65 . Further studies are needed in order to gain insight into the prognostic value of these biomarkers in renal transplant recipients.

title: Prognostic value of bone- and vascular-derived molecular biomarkers in hemodialysis and renal transplant XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11648 :: ('8074', 'Gene') :: ['Fibroblast growth factor 23', 'FGF23']

entities_list: @entity12017 :: ('655', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-7', 'bone morphogenetic protein-7']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective was to see the efficacy of @entity10055 in improving the ALT levels in @entity1 suffering from @entity409 . Thirty @entity1 suffering from @entity409 (either B or C) were given oral @entity10055 in a dose of 250 mg twice a day for 4 months. Their blood biochemistry and haematology were repeated monthly for 7 months i.e. 4 months of therapy and 3 months post therapy to see the response. The mean ALT levels of 30 @entity1 who completed the study was 101 +/- 47 IU/L. During therapy 24 cases (80%) showed lowering of their ALT levels while 6 (20%) either showed no response or worsening of ALT levels. Of 24 cases who showed an improvement in their ALT levels; over 25% drop in ALT levels was seen in 217 cases (70%) and less than 25% drop seen in 7 cases (30%). The mean ALT values during therapy were 75 IU/L showing an overall 25% reduction from the baseline values. Following cessation of therapy the mean ALT levels showed a rise to 90 IU/L which was almost similar to 101 IU/L value in the pre treatment period. The study showed some role of @entity10055 in improving the ALT levels in @entity409 .

title: Role of @entity10055 in lowering XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['ALT in chronic liver disease']


abstract: Telomerase (T) is a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes the telomerase RNA component ( @entity7066 ), telomerase associated protein ( @entity11071 ) and the @entity2215 has been shown in stem cells and found to be activated in @entity5 tissues and immortalized cells. We wanted to test whether the expression of the telomerase complex subunits correlate with the enzyme activity in @entity1 thyroid tissue. Hence, we determined the expression of @entity2215 , @entity7066 and @entity11071 mRNA by RT-PCR and compared the results to telomerase activity as detected by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Fifteen @entity189 ( @entity6888 ) including 2 @entity189 (also called @entity1358 , oFTC), 12 @entity1377 ( @entity3557 ) including 3 microcarcinomas (mPTC), and 12 undifferentiated @entity2867 (UTC) were investigated. Experienced pathologists performed histological and pTNM classification in each specimen. RT-PCR analysis revealed that @entity11071 was ubiquitously expressed in all G and @entity189 . @entity7066 was expressed in 4 out of 15 G, in 2 out of 3 mPTC, in 5 out of 9 @entity3557 , in 5 out of 9 @entity6888 , in all oFTC and in 9 out of 12 UTC samples. Regarding all @entity189 , no statistically significant correlation was observed between @entity7066 -expression and @entity5 stage, lymph node or distant metastasis. @entity2215 -expression was associated with @entity5 and @entity5 stage. All mPTC and 13 out of 15 G did not express @entity2215 , whereas all samples of pT3-4 @entity5 stage of @entity6888 , @entity3557 , UTC and all oFTC were positive for @entity2215 . No telomerase activity could be detected in G. Telomerase activity in @entity189 was only measurable in tissues that expressed the catalytic subunit @entity2215 . Our data indicate that telomerase activity is up-regulated in neoplastic cells. In contrast to @entity11071 and @entity7066 , @entity2215 and telomerase activity may be of help in identifying invasive @entity5 and may be additional markers for classification of benign goiter and malignant @entity259 .

title: Expression of telomerase genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'benign goiters (G), 11 follicular carcinomas', 'oncocytic follicular carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['hTERT', 'telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT). Telomerase']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Donor atraumatic @entity510 (aICB) is associated with older age and may reflect a history of @entity101 . Hearts from donors who died of aICB may be at increased risk for graft failure because of the associated @entity2922 surge. We evaluated whether receiving a heart from a donor who had an aICB independently affected the outcome of transplantation. METHODS: We reviewed adult @entity1 (>18 years) who underwent heart transplantation between July 1994 and December 1999. We excluded @entity1 who received non-standard hearts (e.g., donor age >55 years). Group 1 received hearts from donors with aICB (n = 80), and Group 2 received hearts from donors who did not have aICB (n = 171). RESULTS: Recipient age, gender, United Network for Organ Sharing status, and indication for transplantation were similar for both groups. Donors in Group 1 were older (41 vs 26 years, p = 0.001), more commonly @entity1 (55% vs 20%, p = 0.001), and more often had history of @entity101 (26% vs 2%, p = 0.001). Survival to discharge was 86% in Group 1 and 95% in Group 2. Actuarial 5-year survival was 72% for Group 1 and 81% for Group 2 (p = 0.52). Regression analysis showed that receiving a heart from a donor with aICB was a risk factor for early recipient mortality but not for long-term outcome (odds ratio = 3.25, p = 0.02, and hazard ratio = 1.16, p = 0.69, respectively). Donor aICB, female gender, and abnormal initial echocardiogram ( @entity2845 ) were selected as clinically relevant independent risk factors for early mortality of the recipient, using a fitted multifactor logistic regression model (goodness-of-fit chi-square p value = 0.94). Donor age, accident-to-retrieval time interval, and borderline @entity4346 did not significantly differ. Five-year freedom from transplant @entity453 in Group 1 was 74% (vs 80% in Group 2, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The trend observed in this series suggests that receiving a heart from a donor with aICB is a potential independent risk factor for early mortality after transplantation independent of age. Caution should be used when evaluating such donors, particularly when other risk factors such as female donor or depressed ejection fraction are present.

title: Use of hearts transplanted from donors with atraumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleed']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['global hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['intracranial bleeds']


abstract: PURPOSE: Central venous catheter dysfunction can be caused by @entity715 (of the catheter or vessel itself), fibrin sheath formation, or @entity281 . These sequelae can lead to costly interventions, loss of the access device, or loss of access sites in as many as one-third of @entity1 . This study examined the histologic changes in the access vein and superior vena cava wall that is adjacent to central venous catheters in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The access vein, brachiocephalic vein, and superior vena cava were excised en bloc at autopsy from six @entity1 with central venous catheters. The specimens were processed and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 . The specimens were examined for histologic changes in the vein wall adjacent to the catheters, changes in the intima, and the presence of associated @entity715 . RESULTS: Three catheters had been in place <14 days (short term), and three for >90 days (long term). Two microscopic patterns were observed. The short-term catheters displayed foci of local intimal injury with endothelial denudation and a layer of adherent @entity715 . The second pattern, seen in the long-term catheters, consisted of smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to vein wall thickening. Focal areas of catheter attachment to the vein wall, composed of @entity715 in varying stages of organization, collagen, and endothelial cells, were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: After short-term catheter placement, focal areas of endothelial injury were seen in the vein wall adjacent to the catheter. Associated @entity715 may or may not be present. Long-term catheters displayed vein wall thickening and bridges from the vein wall to the catheter. These observations represent a progressive reaction of the @entity1 vein wall to access devices.

title: Histologic changes in the XXXX vein wall adjacent to indwelling central venous catheters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite its widespread use, limited data on the validity of the @entity65 ( @entity65 ) classification relative to other measures of functional status have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the @entity65 classification by comparing it with the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and evaluate its prognostic significance with respect to long-term mortality. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1407 @entity1 who underwent cardiac catheterization between 1992 and 1996. The median follow-up period was 9.7 years (interquartile range 6.1 to 11.1 years) and the mortality status as of December 31, 2004 was available for all @entity1 . RESULTS: The first three @entity65 classes were inversely related to the DASI. The mean (+/- SD) scores were as follows: class I, 31.4+/-16.7; class II, 22.5+/-15.4; class III, 14.7+/-14.3; and class IV, 15.5+/-14.9 (P<0.01). Increasing @entity65 class was associated with increased long-term mortality, even after adjusting for baseline characteristics. @entity662 course was also an important modulator of mortality among class III and IV @entity1 ; one-year mortality rates were 8.1% among unstable @entity1 compared with 4.8% among @entity1 with stable or progressing course. CONCLUSION: @entity65 classes I to III were inversely related to DASI scores and linearly associated with mortality. The similarity in outcomes among class III and IV @entity1 is probably explained by the confounding effect of the stability of the @entity1 ' symptoms. The higher mortality risk among class III and IV @entity1 with an unstable course provides impetus for a revised @entity65 definition incorporating this information.

title: Assessment of activity status and survival according to the Canadian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina', 'CCSA']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Society angina classification']


abstract: Inhaled @entity842 (NO) is used for the treatment of @entity120 as a selective pulmonary vasodilator. However, NO is oxidized rapidly to the more toxic @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ). Elimination of @entity6836 from inspired gas is essential for safe clinical use NO. We therefore investigated the efficacy of soda lime in absorbing @entity6836 from @entity6836 -containing gases. Commercially available soda limes (Soda sorb and Wako lime-A), were exposed to the following six gas mixtures containing NO and @entity6836 in a @entity519 carrier gas for 20 min: No. 1: NO 40 ppm; No. 2: NO 35 ppm and @entity6836 5 ppm; No. 3: NO 30 ppm and @entity6836 10 ppm; No. 4: NO 20 ppm and @entity6836 20 ppm; No. 5: NO 10 ppm and @entity6836 30 ppm; and No. 6: @entity6836 40 ppm. Both types of soda lime completely absorbed the @entity6836 in all samples when it was present (Nos 2-6). NO concentration in these gas mixtures was reduced by an amount equal to the @entity6836 absorbed by soda lime. NO was absorbed minimally when @entity6836 was not present in the mixture. @entity3542 was detected from the Wako lime-A granules exposed to the test gas by the chemical analysis. These findings suggest that soda lime completely absorbs @entity6836 by chemical neutralization, but NO is absorbed as simultaneously absorbed @entity6836 only where NO and @entity6836 coexist. Therefore, we conclude that soda lime is useful for @entity6836 absorption during NO inhalation therapy but NO monitoring from a point distal to the soda lime is required for precise control of inspired NO concentration.

title: Absorption of XXXX and @entity842 by soda lime.

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrite']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity7459 :: (MESH:D009585,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although an aggressive resectional approach toward @entity45 has been advocated in the past, many clinicians now deem this therapeutic strategy impractical given the rapidly increasing incidence of incidentally detected @entity660 . The aim of this study was to review the aggressive resectional policy toward @entity45 adopted at our institution during the past 15 years. METHODS: One hundred nine consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of a @entity5409 of the pancreas during a 15-year period were retrospectively reviewed. To determine subsets of @entity1 at lower risk of having a malignant cyst, the clinicopathologic features (in particular, the malignant potential) of these @entity1 were compared as a function of 3 variables, ie, presence of symptoms, @entity1 age, and cyst size, using univariate analyses. Results were expressed as median and range and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Forty-three (39%) of 109 @entity1 were asymptomatic. @entity45 were smaller (28 [10 to 240] vs 59 [10 to 200] mm, P < .001) and were found in older @entity1 (55.0 [18 to 77] vs 45.5 [14 to 82] years, P = .003). Overall, 14% of asymptomatic cysts, versus 35% of symptomatic cysts, were malignant (P = .016). @entity45 were also less likely to be premalignant or malignant compared with symptomatic cysts (47% vs 70%, P = .015). Twenty (18%) @entity1 were elderly (73.0 [70 to 82] years old). Elderly @entity1 had a more equal sex distribution (45% vs 76% female, P = .005) and had smaller cysts (26 [10 to 200] vs 55 [10 to 240] mm, P = .003) that involved the head of the pancreas more frequently (8 [40%] vs 17 [19%], P = .045) compared with their younger counterparts. The cohort of elderly @entity1 also had a higher median American Society of Anesthesiologists score (2 [1 to 3] vs 1 [1 to 3], P < .001), and a higher proportion had undergone a "more" major procedure (Whipple's or total pancreatectomy) (55% vs 18%, P < .001). Not unexpectedly, surgical morbidity in the elderly was significantly higher (10 [50%] vs 24 [27%], P = .045). The operative mortality in both groups was not significantly different (1 [5%] vs 1 [1%], P = .324). The proportion of premalignant or malignant lesions in elderly @entity1 was also similar to that in younger @entity1 (11 [55%] vs 55 [62%], P = .574). The size of a cyst in asymptomatic @entity1 had no correlation with its potential for @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Reliance on preoperative characteristics alone such as the presence of symptoms, cyst size, and @entity1 age are not sufficiently reliable in determining the malignant potential and thus management approach toward @entity45 .

title: XXXX of the pancreas: an appraisal of an aggressive resectional policy adopted at a single institution during 15 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts', 'Incidental cysts']

answer: @entity5409 :: (MESH:D052177,Disease) :: ['Cystic lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity82 . @entity1 outside clinical trials seldom benefit from evidence-based monitoring. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of complying with @entity157 screening guidelines. The economic evaluation compared surveillance of @entity1 with @entity82 as recommended by the guidelines ("gold-standard monitoring") to "real-life monitoring" from the health care system perspective. A Markov model described the history of the disease and treatment course including current first-line curative treatment: liver resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and liver transplantation. Transition probabilities were derived mainly from two French cohorts, CIRVIR and CHANGH. Costs were computed using French and U.S. tariffs. Effectiveness was measured in life years gained (LYG). An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated for a 10-year horizon and tested with one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The cost difference between the two groups was  648 ( 87,476 in the gold-standard monitoring group vs.  86,829 in the real-life monitoring group) in France and  11,965 ( 93,795 vs.  81,829) in the United States. Survival increased by 0.37 years (7.18 vs. 6.81 years). The ICER was  1,754 per LYG in France and  32,415 per LYG in the United States. The health gain resulted from earlier diagnosis and access to first-line curative treatments, among which RFA provided the best value for money. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that gold-standard monitoring for @entity1 with @entity82 is cost-effective, attributed to a higher probability of benefiting from a curative treatment and so a higher survival probability. (Hepatology 2017).

title: Early detection and curative treatment of XXXX : A cost-effectiveness analysis in France and in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: We report on 22 @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), all of whom showed striking marrow @entity82 . Variable blood counts, often with teardrop poikilocytosis and a leukoerythroblastic picture, were present at diagnosis. Visceral enlargement was detected in 17 @entity1 with a distinct @entity381 in seven cases. All cases demonstrated @entity1141 in at least two cell lineages. No specific @entity2008 seems to characterize this group of @entity1 . Southern blot analysis showed no breakpoint cluster region rearrangement as observed in classical @entity1860 . Ferrokinetic studies revealed quantitatively deficient erythropoiesis in all except two cases and an abnormally high fraction of ineffective erythropoiesis in all. Splenic erythropoiesis was present in eight @entity1 . The median survival was 18 months. At the time of this report, 12 @entity1 had died. The causes of @entity204 were disease progression (7 @entity1 ) and @entity281 (5 @entity1 ). One might speculate that the present series of cases represents a transition between @entity2590 and @entity66 , thereby displaying characteristics of both groups of diseases.

title: XXXX with bone marrow fibrosis: a @entity2590 with proliferative features.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['Myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: @entity3371 's short-term effects on clinical and biochemical parameters were studied in 21 diabetic @entity8518 @entity1 . Their mean age was 57.50 +/- 2.28 years; 16 of them were @entity1 and 5 were @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 had been regulated with insulin and 10 of them had been regulated with oral antidiabetics. Fifteen @entity1 were microalbuminuric (200 mg/daily and below @entity633 ) and their mean @entity6 history was 14.86 +/- 1.44 years. Six @entity1 had advanced @entity2316 (400 mg/daily and above @entity633 ). Their mean @entity6 history was 4.50 +/- 2.87 years. @entity3371 in a low dose (37.5 mg/daily p.o., three separated doses) was given during 20 days. In the microalbuminuria group there were insignificant alterations in renal function, blood @entity413 levels, and systolic blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in this group (p < .05). Microalbuminuria increased significantly after the therapy in this group (p < .05). In the advanced @entity2316 group, blood @entity413 and systemic blood pressure levels did not change significantly (p > .05), while serum BUN and @entity1011 levels increased significantly (p < .05), and @entity5017 decreased significantly in this group (p < .05). @entity633 decreased after the therapy in this group (p < .05). In all study groups, serum @entity972 levels increased significantly while serum total protein and albumin levels did not change significantly.We concluded that in the microalbuminuria group, increasing microalbuminuria may be related to a @entity3371 -induced increase in renal plasma flow rate and single nephron glomerular filtration rate. This increase in microalbuminuria cannot be related with blood @entity413 levels, renal functions, and systemic blood pressure alterations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the clinical and biochemical parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril', 'Captopril']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathic']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: It is not easy to differentiate @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) from @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ). Assessments with screening cognitive tools are essential, particularly in primary care where most @entity1 are seen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of screening cognitive tests and to propose a score derived from screening tests. Elderly subjects with memory complaints were evaluated using the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) and the Brief Cognitive Battery (BCB). We added two delayed recalls in the @entity1032 (a delayed recall and a late-delayed recall, LDR), and also a phonemic fluency test of @entity8408 ( @entity8408 ). A score was created based on these tests. The diagnoses were made on the basis of clinical consensus and neuropsychological testing. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to determine area under the curve (AUC), the sensitivity and specificity for each test separately and for the final proposed score. @entity1032 , LDR, @entity8408 and delayed recall of BCB scores reach statistically significant differences between groups (P=0.000, 0.03, 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Sensitivity, specificity and AUC were @entity1032 : 64%, 79% and 0.75 (cut off <29); LDR: 56%, 62% and 0.62 (cut off <3); @entity8408 : 71%, 71% and 0.71 (cut off <14); delayed recall of BCB: 56%, 82% and 0.68 (cut off <9). The proposed score reached a sensitivity of 88% and 76% and specificity of 62% and 75% for cut off over 1 and over 2, respectively. AUC were 0.81. In conclusion, a score created from screening tests is capable of discriminating @entity73 from @entity2414 with moderate to good accurancy.

title: A score based on screening tests to differentiate XXXX from subjective memory complaints.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['letter P fluency', 'LPF']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['SMC', 'subjective memory complainers']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether environmental exposures may modulate the effect of the skin barrier gene on @entity483 ( @entity483 ) remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity6682 ( @entity6682 ) variants can serve as a predictor for @entity74 in Chinese individuals and if allergen exposures may modify the effect of @entity6682 variants on @entity483 by total @entity9416 levels. METHODS: In total, 116 @entity1 aged 2-5years with @entity483 and 212 control subjects were analysed for the @entity6682 variants using DNA sequencing. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to estimate the association among @entity6682 polymorphisms and @entity1097 phenotypes. Serum total @entity9416 level, standing for the degree of allergen exposures, was later stratified to determine the effects of @entity6682 polymorphisms on @entity483 . RESULTS: A significant difference in genotype frequency was found among @entity483 cases and controls in @entity6682 @entity58019 polymorphism. @entity6682 @entity58019 GG genotype significantly increased the risk of @entity483 [odds ratio (OR) 4  60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1  88-11  24]. In addition, among subjects with @entity483 , GG genotypes also significantly increased the risk of developing @entity565 (OR 4  68, 95% CI 1  37-16  03). Further, a similar result was obtained for @entity2023 (OR 3  23, 95% CI 1  01-10  30). Interestingly, the @entity58019 GG genotype was significantly related to @entity483 (OR 5  67, 95% CI 1  93-16  60) in @entity1 with @entity9416 level   >= 100   kU   L(-1) . However, the association was not evident when @entity9416 level was <   100   kU   L(-1) . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the @entity6682 @entity58019 polymorphism may confer susceptibility to the development of @entity483 among Chinese individuals and may be modified by @entity9416 levels.

title: XXXX polymorphism @entity58019 , @entity9416 level, and @entity1097 phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disorders']

answer: @entity6682 :: (2312,Gene) :: ['Filaggrin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Periostin is an important extracellular matrix protein involved in cell development and adhesion. Previously, we identified periostin to be up-regulated in @entity263 (CaP) using quantitative glycoproteomics and mass spectrometry. The expression of periostin was further evaluated in primary radical prostatectomy (RP) @entity263 and adjacent non-tumorous prostate tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our IHC results revealed a low background periostin levels in the adjacent non-tumorous prostate tissues, but overexpressed periostin levels in the peritumoral stroma of primary @entity5 . METHODS: In this study, periostin expression in CaP was further examined on multiple @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ), which were conducted in four laboratories. To achieve consistent staining, all @entity3145 were stained with same protocol and scored by same image computation tool to determine the total periostin staining intensities. The @entity3145 were further scored by pathologists to characterize the stromal staining and epithelial staining. RESULTS: The periostin staining was observed mainly in peritumoral stromal cells and in some cases in @entity5 epithelial cells though the stronger staining was found in peritumoral stromal cells. Both periostin stromal staining and epithelial staining can differentiate BPH from CaP including low grade CaP (Gleason score  <=6), with significant p-value of 2.2e-16 and 0.001, respectively. Periostin epithelial staining differentiated PIN from low grade CaP (Gleason score  <=6) (p=0.001), while periostin stromal staining differentiated low grade Cap (Gleason score  <=6) from high grade Cap (Gleason score  <=6) (p=1.7e-05). In addition, a positive correlation between total periostin staining and Gleason score was observed (r=0.87, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that periostin staining was positively correlated with increasing Gleason score and the @entity4623 .

title: Overexpression of Periostin in Stroma Positively Associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'CaP tumors']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness of prostate disease']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['TMAs', 'tissue microarrays']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Aggressive Prostate Cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity80 are rare pseudocysts, commonly seen in long bones and vertebral column. Although a well described and reported lesion, many misconceptions still prevail regarding their etiopathogenesis. Many of the reported cases of @entity80 (JABC) present with another bone pathology. AIMS: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the incidence of @entity1313 occurring simultaneously with a JABC (in contrast to primary JABCs). Any pathogenetic and oncogenetic association between primary and secondary jaw ABCs has been reviewed and discussed. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A methodical narrative review of literature was performed, given the incidence of mostly case reports on this topic. METHODS AND MATERIAL: A methodical electronic search of Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Medline and Cochrane databases was performed for reported cases of JABC. These articles were analysed and segregated into primary and secondary ABC and, if secondary, the lesion it concurrently occurred with. Another search was conducted to yield articles discussing the cytopathogenetic and oncogenetic origins of ABCs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: About 15% of the ABCs reported were of secondary nature. Amongst the associated lesions, cement-ossifying @entity81 and ossifying @entity81 were the most common, followed by @entity82 and @entity2253 . No ABCs were associated with metastatic changes. The search for histopathogenesis pointed to a specific @entity2008 as the origin of primary ABCs, with @entity57358 as its main oncogene and spindle cell as the neoplastic cell, unlike with secondary ABCs, suggesting that they are distinct pathological processes.

title: XXXX (JABC)--a possible misnomer? A review of literature on secondary JABCs, their pathogenesis and oncogenesis.

entities_list: @entity2253 :: ('MESH:D006101', 'Disease') :: ['central giant cell granuloma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysmal bone cysts', 'jaw aneurysmal bone cysts']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity80 :: (MESH:D017824,Disease) :: ['Secondary jaw aneurysmal bone cyst']


abstract: PURPOSE: Different techniques have been described for stenting of @entity432 . We report our experience with two different confluence stenting techniques to treat chronic bi-iliocaval obstructions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 11/2009 and 08/2014 we treated 40 @entity1 for chronic total bi-iliocaval obstructions. Pre-operative magnetic resonance venography showed bilateral extensive post-thrombotic scarring in common and external iliac veins as well as obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Stenting of the IVC was performed with large self-expandable stents down to the level of the iliocaval confluence. To bridge the confluence, either self-expandable stents were placed inside the IVC stent (24 @entity1 , SECS group) or high radial force balloon-expandable stents were placed at the same level (16 @entity1 , BECS group). In both cases, bilateral iliac extensions were performed using @entity5648 stents. RESULTS: Recanalization was achieved for all @entity1 . In 15 (38  %) @entity1 , a hybrid procedure with endophlebectomy and @entity2548 creation needed to be performed because of significant involvement of inflow vessels below the inguinal ligament. Mean follow-up was 443      438  days (range 7-1683  days). For all @entity1 , primary, assisted-primary, and secondary patency rate at 36  months were 70, 73, and 78  %, respectively. Twelve-month patency rates in the SECS group were 85, 85, and 95  % for primary, assisted-primary, and secondary patency. In the BECS group, primary patency was 100  % during a mean follow-up period of 134      118 (range 29-337) days. CONCLUSION: Stenting of chronic bi-iliocaval obstruction shows relatively high patency rates at medium follow-up. Short-term patency seems to favor confluence stenting with balloon-expandable stents.

title: Iliocaval Confluence Stenting for Chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstructions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Venous Obstructions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the audiological characteristics of newborns and @entity1 who failed hearing screening. METHODS: One hundred and six @entity1 failed hearing screening received follow-up study with routine audiological evaluations (auditory brainstem response, distortion product otoacoustic emission, @entity227 ). RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 (61.3%) of this group were normal hearing subjects and 39(36. 8% ) of the @entity1 had @entity393 . Two cases (1.9%) received follow-up by phone. Fifteen cases (14.2%) with conductive @entity393 and 24 cases (22.6%) with @entity1274 . Thirteen (12.3%), 14 (13.2%), 6 (5.7%), and 6 (5.7%) cases were found to be mild, moderate, severe and profound @entity393 respectively. Diagnosis of @entity393 in the thirty-nine @entity1 conducted a prevalence of 0.264% (39/14 785) of @entity393 (both binaural and monaural). The hearing level of those cases with severe and profound @entity393 basically did not change, but that of cases with mild and moderate @entity393 changed. CONCLUSIONS: Early identification and intervention of @entity1 with severe and profound @entity393 by 6 months of age were successful. @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity393 should be followed up to six or eight months and received routine audiologic evaluations.

title: [Follow-up study for newborns and XXXX who failed hearing screening].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['tympanometry and visual reinforcement audiometry']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hearing loss', 'hearing loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) has recently been recognized as an integral @entity146 . However, the association between @entity3562 ( @entity3562 ) and @entity358 is not well understood. The combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry detected and identified proteins that are differentially expressed in @entity1 type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) treated by @entity5784 . We found that @entity3650 reductase (AR) showed more abundant expression in the cells. Further, @entity5784 (100-500microM) could induce a time- and dose-dependent upregulation of AR protein levels. Immunohistochemical staining of cross-sections from @entity3562 @entity19 lungs also revealed increased expression of AR protein. Intracellular levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) were remarkably elevated in A549 cells treated with @entity5784 . Pretreatment of A549 cells with catalase and SOD significantly suppressed the @entity5784 -induced AR expression, which suggests the involvement of ROS in this process. The major signaling pathway mediating the upregulation of AR was demonstrated to be the Ras/ @entity8496 / @entity1366 pathway. In addition, @entity5784 might reduce surfactant protein @entity7696 -B) expression in the cells, which could be significantly attenuated by @entity57646 , an AR inhibitor, indicating a damaging role of @entity5784 -induced AR elevation in the lung. These results show a novel and unanticipated link between @entity3562 and AR upregulation that may be a risk factor in @entity358 of @entity1 with @entity3562 .

title: Upregulation of XXXX reductase by @entity1255 in type II alveolar epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['component of several disorders']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity57646 :: ('MESH:C016212', 'Chemical') :: ['Alrestatin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['HHcy', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity3650 :: (CHEBI:15693,Chemical) :: ['aldose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic moderate @entity519 induces angiogenic adaptation in the brain, reflecting a modulatory role for @entity26 in determining cerebrovascular development. Chronic intrauterine fetal @entity519 , such as occurs in @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) is likely to lead to a reduction in @entity26 delivery to the brain and long-term @entity16 . Thus we investigated whether vascular remodeling and @entity455 were evident in the brain of @entity1592 newborn @entity742 that were chronically @entity519 in utero. Single uterine artery ligation (SUAL) surgery was performed in fetuses at    105 days gestation (term    145 days) to induce @entity2431 and @entity1592 . Ewes delivered naturally at term and @entity742 were euthanased 24h later. @entity1592 brains (n=9) demonstrated a significant reduction in positive staining for the number of blood vessels (laminin immunohistochemistry) compared with control (n=8): from 1650  284 to 416  47cells/mm(2) in subcortical white matter (SCWM) 1793  298 to 385  20cells/mm(2) in periventricular white matter (PVWM), and 1717  161 to 405  84cells/mm(2) in the subventricular zone (SVZ). The decrease in vascular density was associated with a significant decrease in @entity8355 immunoreactivity. The percentage of blood vessels exhibiting endothelial cell proliferation (Ki67 positive) varied regionally between 14 to 22% in white matter of control @entity742 , while only 1-3% of blood vessels in @entity1592 brains showed proliferation. A 66% reduction in pericyte coverage (a-SMA and @entity59880 ) of blood vessels was observed in SCWM, 71% in PVWM, and 73% in SVZ of @entity1592 @entity742 , compared to controls. A reduction in peri-vascular astrocytes ( @entity36540 and laminin) was also observed throughout the white matter of @entity1592 @entity742 , and extravasation of albumin into the brain parenchyma was present, indicative of increased permeability of the blood brain barrier. Chronic @entity519 associated with @entity1592 results in a @entity62 . Vascular pericyte coverage and peri-vascular astrocytes, both of which are essential for stabilisation of blood vessels and the maintenance of vascular permeability, were also decreased in the white matter of @entity1592 @entity742 . In turn, these vascular changes could lead to inadequate @entity26 supply and contribute to under-perfusion and increased vulnerability of white matter in @entity1592 @entity1 .

title: Cerebrovascular adaptations to chronic XXXX in the growth restricted lamb.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in vascular density in the white matter of IUGR newborn brains']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['placental insufficiency']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: To explore the characteristics and influenced factors associated with the onset of @entity66 , analysis of 3 719 cases of hospitalized @entity1 with @entity66 from the real world. Analysis the date of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity66 from the hospital information system of 19 grade-III class-A hospital from 2004 to 2011, include general information, the doctor's advice, other diseases combined, diagnostic information and the relationship with the onset of 24 solar terms, and the treatment drugs. The median age of hospitalized @entity1 with @entity66 was 59, the number of @entity1 (65.91%) was more than @entity1 (34.09%), manual workers (85.32%) were the majority career, most @entity1 (81.63%) condition were general by the time they were hospital admission, @entity1 more like admitted to neurologist (70.34%) when they first time to outpatient serves, hospitalization days were in 8-14 days (46.65%), 46.04% of the @entity1 in the hospital total cost is in 5 000 RMB to 10 000 RMB, 73.86% of @entity1 paid by National Health Medical Insurance. @entity101 (20.79%) was the most common underlying health problems, The most common syndromes was @entity409 and kidney-Yin(44. 21%) , followed by @entity2915 of liver-yang, disease of phlegm turbidity in mongolia and @entity1503 . There were more @entity751 . The highest rate of hospital admission solar terms in 2009 was the insects awaken throttle (5.21%), In 2010, the highest rate solar terms of hospital admission was the rain throttle (6.14%). The most frequently used traditional Chinese medicine was gastrodine injection (20.55%), the most frequently used western medicine for @entity20024 (10.19%), @entity58360 injection was the most traditional Chinese medicine that combination with other western medicine. @entity101 was the most underlying health problems in the @entity1 with @entity66 in the real world, although the mental factors should also be attention. Liver was the most closely internal organs with vertigo, and solar terms in spring was the highest-frequency time. @entity58360 injection was the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicin in clinical to treat vertigo diserse, the therapeutic regimen combining with traditional Chinese and western medicine has more advantages. We should pay more attention to the guidance of Chinese medicine "syncretism between heaven and @entity1 ", to keep up with the rhythm of change, adapt to the changes in the @entity1 body growth and decline of the Yin and Yang, by adopting the method of syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine to prevention and treatment @entity66 .

title: [Characteristics and drug analysis associated with XXXX in real world].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vertigo disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of liver-Yin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of Qi and blood']

entities_list: @entity58360 :: ('MESH:C045345', 'Chemical') :: ['Gastrodine', 'gastrodine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency syndrome and less excess syndrome']

entities_list: @entity20024 :: ('MESH:D001621', 'Chemical') :: ['betahistine']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['vertigo disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effects of @entity1420 on proliferation and apoptosis are studied in a scrutinized evaluation of @entity1204 before, during, and after @entity1420 therapy. The heterogeneity of sex @entity134 expression as well as proliferation, indicated as Ki-67 index, is considered. METHODS: A total of 29 @entity1204 were studied with in situ evaluation of Ki-67 proliferation marker, @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors (ER and PR), and @entity588 and @entity876 immunohistochemistry in the epithelial part of the @entity5 . In biopsy 1, before the therapy, Ki-67 ER, and PR were studied also in stroma. Apoptotic cells were morphologically identified in @entity1710 - and @entity1711 -stained sections of the @entity5 and the apoptotic index (apoptotic cells per 1000 cells) was calculated. Chances in feature factors were mainly evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Proliferation (Ki-67) was decreased in grade 1 (G1) and grade 2 (G2) @entity5 during @entity1420 therapy both in overall evaluation (Ki) and particularly in the areas of maximal proliferation (Ki-max). No change was seen in G3 @entity5 . A decrease in PR expression in the areas of maximal expression for PR (PR-max) was also observed in G1 and G2 @entity5 . Apoptosis as well as @entity588 and ER expression were unchanged during therapy and withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of @entity1420 is seen only on proliferation in low-grade (G1 and G2) @entity5 . The coexistence of high PR expression in the foci of high proliferation may contribute to the effect in G1 and G2 @entity5 . No effect of @entity1420 is seen on apoptosis in @entity5 of any grade.

title: Intratumoral effects of medroxy-progesterone on proliferation, apoptosis, and sex XXXX receptors in endometrioid @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate gender differences in the onset and other clinical features of Han Chinese inpatients with @entity161 . METHODS: Five-hundred-and-forty-two Han Chinese inpatients with DSM-IV @entity161 were assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Global Assessment of Function scale (GAF) and locally-developed standardized data collection forms. Comparisons were made between male and female @entity1 . RESULTS: This is the largest study of gender differences in @entity161 to be conducted in a Chinese population. In our sample, we found that @entity161 onset occurred at a significantly earlier age in male @entity1 compared to female @entity1 and that late-onset @entity161 (as defined by onset> or =45 years) was significantly more common in female @entity1 . The paranoid subtype of @entity161 was less common in male @entity1 , males received higher daily doses of antipsychotics and demonstrated a different pattern of antipsychotic usage, being less likely to be treated with SGAs. Further, cigarette smoking was more common in male @entity1 and male @entity1 were more likely to be single or never married. By contrast, female @entity1 showed a different pattern of ongoing symptoms and severity, being more likely to have persistent positive symptoms, more severe positive and affective symptoms, and a greater number of suicide attempts whereas male @entity1 were more likely to show severe deterioration over time. CONCLUSIONS: There are notable gender differences in the age at onset, treatment and a range of other clinical features in Han Chinese @entity1 with @entity161 . Such differences were largely consistent with those reported in Western studies. These gender differences need to be considered in the assessment and management of Chinese @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Gender differences in 542 Chinese inpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Biochemical modulation is one of the most interesting fields in @entity5 chemotherapy. Interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) is a cytokine that is able to influence the pharmacodynamics of @entity1487 (5FU) through a number of mechanisms. With the aim of confirming some data emerging from the literature, we initiated a multicentric randomized study comparing the combination of 5FU and @entity3027 -2a with 5FU alone in the treatment of advanced or metastatic @entity694 . A group of 205 @entity694 @entity1 (104 in the 5FU arm and 101 in the 5FU + IFNapha-2a arm) were included in the final intention-to-treat analysis. @entity5 were not considered eligible. All @entity1 had measurable disease, were aged 75 years or less, had a Karnofsky index of at least 60 and had good bone marrow, @entity177 . No previous chemo-immunotherapy was allowed. The treatment was 750 mg/m2 5FU (4 h i.v. infusion) on days 1 5 and then i.v. bolus weekly, starting from day 12, with or without @entity3027 -2a given s.c. three times weekly (starting dose 3 x 10(6) IU rising to 9 x 10(6) IU, if tolerated). @entity1 were treated until progression or, if responsive, for a maximum of 48 weeks and then observed for a period of 2 years. The primary end-point of the study was objective clinical response (OR); secondary parameters were time to progression, overall survival, and time to @entity204 after progression. WHO criteria were used for both clinical response and @entity137 measurements. Dose reduction was planned a priori in the event of significant @entity137 due to 5FU, @entity3027 -2a or both. Association between primary and secondary end-points and treatment was studied by univariate and multivariate analysis. Altogether, 47 @entity1 achieved a documented response. A 25% OR was observed in the combination arm while a 21% OR was seen in the 5FU arm; this difference is not statistically significant (P = 0.6). @entity1 with a small @entity5 burden (below 5 cm2) showed a higher probability of response in both arms. @entity1 in the experimental arm had a higher but not statistically significant cumulative progression-free probability. Median survival was 47.1 weeks overall, while it was 43.7 and 48.5 weeks in the control and experimental arms, respectively. The combination was clearly more toxic than @entity1487 alone, @entity1431 being the most frequent side-effect in the experimental arm and @entity390 and @entity391 in the control arm. In conclusion these results are quite disappointing and 5FU + @entity3027 -2a can not be considered a standard treatment for advanced @entity694 .

title: XXXX plus interferon alpha-2a compared to @entity1487 alone in the treatment of advanced @entity694 : a multicentric randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal cancers', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal, liver and cardiac functions']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Indications of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) for @entity1 with an @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) were expanded in Western countries after the results of MADIT II. However, the prognosis of @entity583 @entity1 with @entity1002 and the merits of prophylactic implantation of @entity737 , based on evidence in Japan, have not yet been clarified. This subanalysis of the Japanese @entity453 (JCAD) Study focused on MADIT II-compatible @entity1 to clarify the prognosis of @entity583 @entity1 with @entity1002 in Japan.Methods   and   Results:Consecutive 6,868 @entity583 @entity1 were prospectively followed up for 3 years or until clinical events occurred. 291 @entity1 had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)  <=30%. Clinical events, @entity712 , @entity1167 on arrival and vascular events were significantly more frequent in @entity1 with LVEF  <=30% than in those with better LVEF. In the LVEF  <=30% group, @entity1167 on arrival comprised 33% of all-cause deaths, and the survival curves at 2 years of the LVEF  <=30% group were almost compatible with those of the MADIT II @entity737 group. CONCLUSIONS: In this subanalysis, @entity1002 was less frequent than in Western countries. The annual death rate in JCAD was better than for the MADIT II @entity737 group. The prophylactic use of @entity737 seemed to be less effective than in Western countries but still expected to be useful for @entity583 @entity1 with @entity1002 in Japan. (Circ J 2014; 78: 2483-2491).

title: Prognosis of @entity583 with XXXX in the coronary revascularization era.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['OMI', 'old myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillator', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: Seven cases of @entity2695 and nine of cutaneous @entity5426 were diagnosed from biopsy specimens of 15 Domestic Shorthairs of 5,091 @entity468 that were examined by necropsy or biopsy during the 5-year period from 1 January 1986 through 31 December 1990. All but three @entity468 were male. @entity5 cells of both @entity2695 and @entity5426 were immunoreactive for factor VIII-related antigen and for @entity23859 by the avidin @entity1885 peroxidase complex method. In @entity468 with a median age of 10 years, @entity2695 occurred in skin with pigmented hair in six of seven cases without apparent site predilection. These @entity5 did not recur after excision although one cat (No. 3) subsequently developed cutaneous @entity5426 at another site. Seven of nine @entity5426 occurred in dermis and subcutis of the head, usually on the pinna. All five @entity5426 of the head, for which cutaneous pigmentation could be determined, occurred in unpigmented skin. @entity468 with @entity5426 had a median age of 12.5 years at the time of diagnosis. @entity3 has not been documented, but @entity5426 has recurred, from 1 month to 2 years after excision, in 6/7 @entity468 that were studied.

title: Cutaneous vascular neoplasia in 15 XXXX : clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical studies.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solitary tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcomas', 'hemangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: A rare case of yolk sac @entity5 of the @entity1062 which metastasized to the @entity75 with repeated intra-tumoral @entity548 is reported. The @entity1 was a 38 year-old- @entity1 admitted to the Department of Urology with the chief complaint of painless swelling of the left @entity1062 for a period of one year. He underwent orchiectomy with highly suspected @entity5 , because chest X-ray examination demonstrated metastatic coin lesions. Pathological examination of the operated specimen showed typical yolk sac @entity5 of the @entity1062 . Postoperative clinical course was uneventful. However, on the 4th postoperative day, the @entity1 suddenly fell into a @entity772 with left @entity1158 and dilated right pupil. CT scan demonstrated an intra-parenchymal @entity1410 in the right parietal lobe. Emergency craniotomy with evacuation of the @entity1410 clot was performed. Histological examination of the @entity1410 clot showed the same histology (yolk sac @entity5 ) as found in the operative specimens of the left @entity1062 . After regaining full consciousness, chemotherapy (PEB and PVB) was started. It was effective to reduce the high serum @entity160 level and the size of the metastatic coin lesions in the lung. However, it was not effective in preventing brain @entity3 . He again relapsed into @entity772 due to a newly-developed intra-tumoral @entity1410 with multiple brain @entity3 and died 6 months after the orchiectomy. @entity2970 of the @entity1062 is rare in adult Japanese and there is no previous report of its @entity3 to the @entity75 with intratumoral @entity548 . We have reviewed the previously reported cases and discussed the brain @entity3 of this malignant @entity5 .

title: [Brain @entity3 of testicular yolk sac @entity5 with massive XXXX : case report].

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'urogenic tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['Yolk sac tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity0 is the second cause of @entity204 in @entity1 , who are especially related to uncontrolled @entity3 . It was previously demonstrated that the administration of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 [fermented milk (FM)] delayed the @entity5 growth in a @entity19 @entity0 model. In this work we evaluated if the administration of FM to @entity19 , starting when the @entity5 was measurable, can affect not only the @entity5 growth, but also the extravasation of @entity5 cells and the lung @entity3 . The evaluation of immune cells-infiltrating @entity5 and lungs was also performed. @entity5 volume was calculated. Whole blood, lungs, and liver were processed to count the number of colonies formed by @entity5 cells. Blood serum was obtained for @entity1750 , @entity1618 , and @entity777 determination, lung tissues for histologic observations, and @entity5 tissues for angiogenesis determination. @entity19 that received FM were compared with animals given milk or to the controls without any especial supplementation. The results showed that FM administration to @entity19 decreased or suppressed @entity5 growth, with @entity5 vascularity, extravasation of @entity5 cells, and lung @entity3 . These benefits were associated to modulation of the immune response by decreasing the infiltration of macrophages in both the @entity5 and the lungs. FM administration maintained an increased antitumor response associated to CD8 lymphocytes, and also increased @entity1961 lymphocytes that can be involved in the modulation of the immune response. The future evaluation of cytokine profiles will allow knowing more about subpopulation of macrophages and lymphocytes associated to the beneficial effect of this probiotic in the @entity0 model.

title: Inhibition of Growth and @entity3 of @entity0 in XXXX by Milk Fermented With Lactobacillus casei CRL 431.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'less tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A magnetic resonance imaging technique that enables indirect detection of neuronal activity has been developed for the spinal cord. In the present study, this method, spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), is applied to the first study of the injured spinal cord, with the goal of better clinical assessment of the entire cord. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this project are: (1) to investigate the neuronal activity that can be detected in the spinal cord caudal to a @entity8638 by means of spinal fMRI, and (2) to develop spinal fMRI as a clinical diagnostic tool. SETTING: Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. METHODS: fMRI of the spinal cord was carried out in 27 volunteers with cervical or thoracic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). Of these volunteers, 18 had complete injuries, and nine had @entity130 . Spinal fMRI was carried out in a 1.5 T clinical MR system, using established methods. Thermal stimulation at 10 degrees C was applied to the fourth lumbar dermatome on each leg, and images were obtained of the entire lumbar spinal cord. RESULTS: Areas of neuronal activity were consistently observed in the lumbar spinal cord in response to the thermal stimulation, even when the subjects had no awareness of the sensation. The pattern of activity was notably different compared with noninjured subjects. In general, subjects with complete SCI showed absent or diminished dorsal gray matter activity, but had enhanced ventral activity, particularly contralateral to the stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal fMRI is able to provide a noninvasive assessment of the injured spinal cord that does not depend on the @entity1 's perception of the stimulus being applied. This work was carried out on a standard clinical MRI system without modification, and so is readily applicable in most MR units. SPONSORSHIP: This work was funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).

title: Noninvasive assessment of the injured XXXX spinal cord by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['SCIs', 'spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The correlate of protection for the licensure of meningococcal vaccines is serum bactericidal activity. However, evidence indicates a complex situation and other mechanisms, such as antibody-mediated, complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis (OP) may play a role and should be investigated to understand immunity to this disease. In this study, a high-throughput flow-cytometric opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) has been optimised. The assay measures the presence of killed fluorescently-labelled @entity3631 within @entity1 granulocytes (differentiated HL60 cells) by flow cytometry, using IgG-depleted, pooled, @entity1 plasma as an exogenous source of complement. This method was found to be reliable and correlated with an opsonophagocytic killing assay. The OPA was used to measure OP activity in 1878 serum samples from individuals ranging from 0-99 years of age against @entity3631 NZ98/254 (B:4:P1.7-2,4). Levels of OP activity in individual sera varied greatly. OP activity showed an initial peak in the 6-12 months age group corresponding to peak in disease incidence. OP activity dropped in childhood until the late teenage years, though still at a higher percentage of individuals with OP activity than protective bactericidal antibody titres. OP activity reached a peak in the 30-39 year age group and then declined This later peak in OP activity did not coincide with the young adults in which peak serum bactericidal activity and disease incidence occurred. The demonstration of OP activity when disease incidence is low and when protective bactericidal antibody titres are not detected may indicate a role for OP in protection from @entity7135 in these age groups.

title: Seroprevalence of antibody-mediated, complement-dependent opsonophagocytic activity to XXXX serogroup B in England.

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['N. meningitidis strain', 'N. meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity3631 :: (487,Species) :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']


abstract: CT scan is able to show @entity194 more safely and more easily than pneumo-encephalography or cerebral angiography. Then, various methods have been reported for quantitative analysis of @entity194 on CT scan. Generally, @entity194 might be judged from the @entity2554 with some indices, calculated from various ventricular width. But, there is no general agreement on what index is the most reliable. In this paper, we attempted to establish the index, easy to measure and most reliable. Our method is as follow. Method. We carried out the CT scan (EMI 1010) on 89 neurologically intact @entity1 . Scans were parallel to orbito-meatal line (OML), and were 10 mm in thickness. On CT scan films, various width, area of anterior horns and area of bodies of lateral ventricles were measured (Fig. 1). Measurement about the anterior horns of lateral ventricles were carried out on image the most clearly showed the foramen of Monro. And measurements about the bodies of lateral ventricles were on image, 20 mm above the image of anterior horn. Correlations of various width and areas were calculated (Table 1). Then we proposed new indices with high correlations (over 0.9) with ventricular area; Anterior horn CVI (Cerebro-Ventricular Index) and Body CVI (Fig. 2, 3). @entity1 with @entity3918 show @entity194 . We carried out the CT scan (GE-CT/T 8800) on 17 @entity3918 @entity1 and 30 controls. Between the two groups, age and sex were almost matched (Fig. 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Quantitative measurement of XXXX on CT scan--a proposal of new index and review of literature].

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

answer: @entity2554 :: (MESH:C563906,Disease) :: ['ventricular dilatation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of @entity29085 and ondansetron in controlling @entity390 and @entity391 in the first 24 hours; to evaluate the efficacy when @entity619 is added to either drug in the first 24 hours; and to extend these comparisons over 7 days in @entity1 receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study with six parallel arms that used a 2 x 2 factorial design in chemotherapy-naive @entity1 . In arm 1, @entity29085 (2.4 mg/kg) was given intravenously (I.V.) prechemotherapy, followed 24 hours later by oral @entity29085 (200 mg once daily) for 6 days. @entity28250 and 3 consisted of @entity29085 and @entity619 8 mg I.V., followed 24 hours later by oral @entity619 (8 mg once daily) in one arm, and oral @entity619 and @entity29085 in the other, also for 6 days. In arms 4, 5, and 6, ondansetron (32 mg I.V. or 8 mg orally twice daily) was administered in a similar manner to @entity4050 , 2, and 3 before and 24 hours after chemotherapy. @entity390 ( @entity390 ) was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) in a daily diary. RESULTS: Of 703 @entity1 enrolled, 696 were eligible. There were 343 @entity29085 - and 353 ondansetron-treated @entity1 ; 57% of @entity29085 -treated @entity1 had complete protection in the first 24 hours versus 67% of @entity1 who received ondansetron (P = .013). @entity390 was also more pronounced on the @entity29085 arm (P = .051). Sixty-seven percent of @entity1 who received added @entity619 in the first 24 hours had complete protection, compared with 55% without @entity619 (P < .001). @entity390 was significantly reduced with the addition of @entity619 (P < .001). At 7 days, @entity29085 and @entity3974 had equivalent complete protection rates (36% and 39%, respectively). With the addition of @entity619 , 48% of @entity1 compared with 28% had complete protection (P < .001). @entity390 was significantly improved with added @entity619 (P < .001). CONCLUSION: At the doses used, @entity29085 was significantly less effective than ondansetron at controlling @entity390 and @entity391 in the first 24 hours in @entity1 receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, but there was no demonstrable difference between both drugs over 7 days. The addition of @entity619 significantly improved the efficacy of both drugs in the first 24 hours and over 7 days.

title: Phase III double-blind comparison of @entity29085 and ondansetron and an evaluation of the additive role of @entity619 in the prevention of acute and delayed XXXX and @entity391 due to moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['nausea', 'Mean nausea severity', 'MNS']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity29085 :: ('MESH:C060344', 'Chemical') :: ['dolasetron']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is increasing worldwide because developing countries are adopting Western high-fat foods and sedentary lifestyles. In parallel, in many of them, @entity101 is rising more rapidly, particularly with age, than in Western countries. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between @entity551 (BP) in a developing country with high average BP (The Seychelles, Indian Ocean, population mainly of African origin) in comparison to a developed country with low average BP (Switzerland, population mainly of Caucasian origin). DESIGN: Cross-sectional health examination surveys based on population random samples. SETTING: The main Seychelles island (Mah  ) and two Swiss regions (Vaud-Fribourg and Ticino). SUBJECTS: Three thousand one hundred and sixteen adults (age range 35-64) untreated for @entity101 . MEASUREMENTS: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), @entity551 ( @entity13519 and @entity13520 , mean of two measures). METHODS: Scatterplot smoothing techniques and gender-specific linear regression models. RESULTS: On average, @entity13519 and @entity13520 were found to increase linearly over the whole variation range of BMI, WHR and WC. A modest, but statistically significant linear association was found between each indicator of adiposity and BP levels in separate regression models controlling for age. The regression coefficients were not significantly different between the Seychelles and the two Swiss regions, but were generally higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 . For the latter, a gain of 1.7 kg/m(2) in BMI, of 4.5 cm in WC or of 3.4% in WHR corresponded to an elevation of 1 mmHg in @entity13519 . For @entity1 , corresponding figures were 1.25 kg/m(2), 2.5 cm and 1.8% respectively. Regression coefficients for age reflected a higher effect of this variable on both @entity13519 and @entity13520 in the Seychelles than in Switzerland. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a stable linear relation of adiposity with BP, independent of age and body fat distribution, across developed and developing countries. The more rapid increase of BP with age observed in the latter countries are likely to reflect higher genetic susceptibility and/or higher cumulative exposure to another risk factor than adiposity.

title: Body mass index, abdominal XXXX : consistency of their association across developing and developed countries.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressure', 'adiposity and blood pressure']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['adiposity and blood pressure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) is central to providing safe and high quality healthcare. Transmission of @entity281 between @entity1 by health workers, and the irrational use of antibiotics have been identified as preventable aetiological factors for @entity2023 . Few studies have addressed this in developing countries. AIMS: To implement a multifaceted @entity281 control and antibiotic stewardship programme and evaluate its effectiveness on @entity2023 and antibiotic use. METHODS: A before-and-after study was conducted over 27   months in a teaching hospital in Indonesia. All @entity1 admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit and paediatric wards were observed daily. Assessment of @entity2023 was made based on the criteria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The multifaceted intervention consisted of a hand hygiene campaign, antibiotic stewardship (using the WHO Pocket Book of Hospital Care for @entity1 guidelines as standards of antibiotic prescribing for @entity5046 ), and other @entity281 control practices. Data were collected using an identical method in the preintervention and postintervention periods. RESULTS: We observed a major reduction in @entity2023 , from 22.6% (277/1227 @entity1 ) in the preintervention period to 8.6% (123/1419 @entity1 ) in the postintervention period (relative risk (RR) (95% CI) 0.38 (0.31 to 0.46)). Inappropriate antibiotic use declined from 43% (336 of 780 @entity1 who were prescribed antibiotics) to 20.6% (182 of 882 @entity1 ) (RR 0.46 (0.40 to 0.55)). Hand hygiene compliance increased from 18.9% (319/1690) to 62.9% (1125/1789) (RR 3.33 (2.99 to 3.70)). In-hospital mortality decreased from 10.4% (127/1227) to 8% (114/1419) (RR 0.78 (0.61 to 0.97)). CONCLUSIONS: Multifaceted @entity281 control interventions are effective in reducing @entity580 rates, improving the rational use of antibiotics, increasing hand hygiene compliance, and may reduce mortality in hospitalised @entity1 in developing countries.

title: Reducing XXXX and improving the rational use of antibiotics in a developing country: an effectiveness study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'elementary infection']

entities_list: @entity5046 :: ('MESH:D017714', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired infections', 'HAI']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['hospital-acquired infections']


abstract: Cardiac variability can be assessed from two perspectives: beat-to-beat performance and continuous performance during the cardiac cycle. Linear analysis techniques assess cardiac variability by measuring the physical attributes of a signal, whereas nonlinear techniques evaluate signal dynamics. This study sought to determine if recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), a nonlinear technique, could detect pharmacologically induced autonomic changes in the continuous left ventricular pressure (LVP) and electrographic (EC) signals from an isolated @entity35 heart-a model that theoretically contains no inherent variability. LVP and EC signal data were acquired simultaneously during Langendorff perfusion of isolated @entity35 hearts before and after the addition of @entity934 (n = 11), @entity1063 (n = 12), or no drug (n = 12). Two-minute segments of the continuous LVP and EC signal data were analyzed by RQA. Findings showed that%recurrence,%determinism, entropy, maxline, and trend from the continuous LVP signal significantly increased in the presence of both @entity934 and @entity1063 , although systolic LVP significantly increased only with @entity1063 . In the continuous EC signal, the RQA trend variable significantly increased in the presence of @entity1063 . These results suggest that when either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system overwhelms the other, the dynamics underlying cardiac variability become stationary. This study also shows that information concerning inherent variability in the isolated @entity35 heart can be gained via RQA of the continuous cardiac signal. Although speculative, RQA may be a tool for detecting alterations in cardiac variability and evaluating signal dynamics as a nonlinear indicator of cardiac pathology.

title: Detection of cardiac variability in the isolated XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: It has been suggested that alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) reflect pathologic changes in the lung. Cytoplasmatic enzymes such as @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), @entity623 ( @entity623 ), and LDH isoenzymes are recognized indicators of cell damage or @entity204 . The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relation between the enzyme activity and the cell types present in BALF. Therefore, BALF samples obtained from @entity1 with various @entity358 were studied. Out of these samples a group with mainly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs; n = 15; Group I) and another with mainly alveolar macrophages (AMs; n = 10; Group II) were selected. Additionally, the value of analysis of lysed cells in BALF for assessment of LDH-isoenzyme patterns was examined. The cell-free fraction of BALF of Group II showed lower LDH and @entity623 activity compared to Group I. The LDH-isoenzyme pattern also differed, with the @entity6222 /LDH5 ratios being lower in all BALF samples with predominantly PMNs than in BALF samples with predominantly AMs. Lysis of the cells present in the BALF samples by sonication prior to LDH-isoenzyme analysis provided no additional information beyond that found by analysis of the cell-free BALF. In conclusion, determination of enzyme activity appears to be useful in monitoring @entity55 .

title: Relationship between enzymatic markers of XXXX and cellular profile: a study in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disorders']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary cell damage']