abstract: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is an @entity148 that develops in predisposed individuals following a terrifying event. Studies on isogenic animal populations might explain susceptibility to @entity1005 by revealing associations between the molecular and behavioural consequences of traumatic stress. Our study employed four inbred @entity19 strains to search for differences in post-stress response to a 1.5-mA electric foot shock. One day to 6   weeks after the foot shock @entity148 , @entity308 and @entity988 -like phenotypes were assessed. In addition, expression levels of selected stress-related genes were analysed in hippocampus and amygdala. C57BL/6J @entity19 exhibited up-regulation in the expression of @entity41317 , @entity1993 , @entity35311 and @entity22830 genes in both brain regions. These alterations were associated with an increase of sensitized fear and @entity308 -like behaviour over time. Traumatic stress induced expression of @entity41317 , @entity1993 , @entity35311 and @entity20710 genes and developed social withdrawal in DBA/2J @entity19 . In 129P3/J strain, exposure to stress produced the up-regulation of @entity41317 and @entity1993 genes and enhanced sensitivity to the rewarding properties of @entity1286 . Whereas, SWR/J @entity19 displayed increase only in @entity9768 expression in the amygdala and had the lowest conditioned fear. Our results reveal a complex genetic background of phenotypic variation in response to stress and indicate the SWR/J strain as a valuable model of stress resistance. We found potential links between the alterations in expression of @entity41317 , @entity1993 and @entity9768 , and different aspects of susceptibility to stress.

title: Genotype-dependent consequences of traumatic stress in four inbred XXXX strains.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['addiction']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: This experiment evaluated the effect of @entity117 (ASA) on the patency and development of intimal @entity1373 in autologous, small caliber, arterial end-to-side @entity254 . Twenty-eight adult female @entity95 had their distal left external iliac artery transposed and anastomosed to the right proximal external iliac artery. Fourteen @entity95 received ASA 40 mg by gavage twice in the 24 hours preceding the operation and 5 times a week postoperatively (experimental) and 14 @entity95 received no ASA therapy (control). Plasma @entity2697 levels range from 25 to 36 micrograms per milliliter in experimental animals. Patency of the reconstruction was assessed by Doppler examination each month, confirmed by autopsy and calculated by life table analysis. Five cross sections of each patent @entity254 harvested at six and nine months were examined by light microscopy. A total of seven @entity715 occurred in the control group versus two occlusions in the experimental group. Four of the @entity715 in the control group occurred less than seven days after the reconstruction, whereas no such events occurred in the experimental group. Patency by actuarial methods at nine months was 45.5% versus 81.8% (p less than .05) in control and experimental groups, respectively. This improvement occurred in spite of similar values for intimal thickness and lumen-to-basement membrane ratios in both control and experimental groups. We conclude that @entity117 significantly improves the nine month patency rate of small autologous end-to-side @entity254 , and its effect is most noticeable in the early postoperative period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Patency and intimal XXXX : the effect of @entity117 on small arterial @entity254 .

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between @entity6 , area-based socioeconomic status (SES) and @entity65 mortality in Scotland. METHODS: We used an area-based measure of SES, Scottish national @entity6 register data linked to mortality records, and general population cause-specific mortality data to investigate the relationships between SES, type 2 @entity6 and mortality from @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ), for 2001-2007. We used negative binomial regression to obtain age-adjusted RRs of mortality (by sex), comparing @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 with the non-diabetic population. RESULTS: Among 216,652 @entity1 aged 40 years or older with type 2 @entity6 (980,687 @entity1 -years), there were 10,554 @entity299 deaths and 4,378 @entity66 deaths. Age-standardised mortality increased with increasing deprivation, and was higher among @entity1 . @entity299 mortality RRs were highest among the least deprived quintile and lowest in the most deprived quintile ( @entity1 : least deprived, RR 1.94 [95% CI 1.61, 2.33]; most deprived, RR 1.46 [95% CI 1.23, 1.74]) and were higher in @entity1 than @entity1 ( @entity1 : least deprived, RR 2.84 [95% CI 2.12, 3.80]; most deprived, RR 2.04 [95% CI 1.55, 2.69]). A similar, weaker, pattern was observed for cerebrovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Absolute risk of @entity65 is higher in @entity1 with @entity6 than in the non-diabetic population and increases with increasing deprivation. The relative impact of @entity6 on @entity65 differs by SES, and further efforts to reduce cardiovascular risk both in deprived groups and @entity1 with @entity6 are required. Prevention of @entity6 may reduce socioeconomic health inequalities.

title: Area-based socioeconomic status, type 2 XXXX and @entity65 in Scotland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease', 'CbVD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Fifteen cases of @entity99 related to a combination of @entity115 and @entity798 are reported. Most @entity1 were aged 60 years or more and there were more @entity1 than @entity1 (sex ratio 4:1). The @entity115 - @entity798 had been given at doses ranging from 0.5 to 6 g/day (mean 2 g/day) for seven to 60 days (mean 18 days). In 11 cases, the first symptoms appeared one to four weeks after stopping treatment. @entity1087 was observed in all @entity1 and was frequently associated with @entity111 . Serum aminotransferase activities were increased in all @entity1 and were generally two to 10 times the upper limit of normal. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was considerably increased, from two to seven times the upper limit of normal. Histological examination of the liver, performed in seven @entity1 , showed centri- or panlobular cholestasis in all cases, associated with @entity99 in one. The prognosis of @entity115 - @entity798 induced @entity99 seemed to be good. None of the @entity1 exhibited biological or clinical features of @entity1578 and the course of the disease was characterised by the resolution of @entity1087 within one to eight weeks and a complete recovery within four to 16 weeks. Taking into account the number of treated subjects and reported cases, we estimated the risk of developing @entity99 with this drug combination to be very low, probably below 1/100,000. Our data suggest that the risk of hepatotoxicity may be increased in elderly @entity1 given lengthy treatment. The association of @entity99 and signs of @entity56 may suggest an immunoallergic mechanism of hepatotoxicity in some @entity1 .

title: @entity99 associated with XXXX - @entity798 combination report of 15 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'Jaundice']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxycillin']


abstract: @entity11184 ( @entity11184 ) is found in high concentrations in the milk of various mammals. However, little is known about the regulation of @entity11184 production or the physiological role(s) of @entity11184 in the mammary glands. To address these questions, we examined in lactating @entity35 1) the longitudinal changes in @entity11184 concentrations in milk and @entity11184 mRNA levels in the mammary glands throughout lactation, 2) the effects of the nonsuckling interval on milk @entity11184 concentration, and 3) the correlation between @entity11184 and @entity460 concentrations in milk. @entity11184 concentrations in milk, measured by RIA and in vitro bioassay, increased with the duration of lactation. The maximal concentrations of @entity11184 (observed between days 19-21 of lactation in @entity35 milked serially) were 4.8- to 8.0-fold higher than the concentrations on day 7. @entity11184 mRNA levels in the mammary glands also increased during the late stages of lactation. The longitudinal changes in @entity460 concentrations in milk were small and did not parallel the changes in @entity11184 . When pups were removed from the mother for 4-24 h, milk @entity11184 decreased while @entity460 increased in a time-dependent manner. As a whole, @entity460 concentrations in milk did not correlate with @entity11184 throughout lactation. These data suggest that the production and secretion of @entity11184 into milk are regulated independently of the other major milk proteins by a factor(s) that changes with progression of lactation and in relation to suckling status.

title: Concentrations of parathyroid hormone-related protein in XXXX milk change with duration of lactation and interval from previous suckling, but not with milk @entity460 .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The onset and pattern of the clinical signs of feline corona virus (FCoV) @entity281 in @entity468 were studied in a setting behind an isolation barrier. Two FCoV-seropositive @entity468 were the source of the @entity281 , and 3 barrier reared @entity468 - initially FCoV-seronegative - were the recipients. The first clinical sign in the recipients appeared 11 days after contact with the source of @entity281 . After 2 years 1 male and 1 female of the recipients started to breed. Their offspring developed clinical signs of disease at an age of 4-5 weeks. A pattern of recurring upper respiratory tract signs and @entity2024 at intervals of about 4 months was observed in both the recipients and their offspring, while CNS dependent signs and wasting remained or got worse, once developed. Once demonstrated, FCoV antigen persisted in membrana nictitans throughout the investigation, and was found in all @entity468 but 4 (90%). The offspring died during 2 periods, around the first week of life (9/37), and at 3-5 months of age (5/25). For comparison 3 offspring were euthanized at an age of 1 day and 16 offspring at an age of 3-6 months. FCoV antigen was demonstrated in all organs investigated (100%) from offspring dying during the first period, and in 97% from those dying during the second period. For the offspring euthanized during the same 2 periods the corresponding findings were 95% and 85%. Offspring euthanized between 9 and 17 months (4 kittens) had antigen in 67% of all investigated organs. The incidence of FCoV antigen in almost every organ in the investigated newborn kittens suggests an intrauterine @entity281 . The demonstration of FCoV antigen in all euthanised @entity468 , suggests a persistent @entity281 . Virus was cultivated from membrana nictitans, that was FCoV antigen positive in the M3 test.

title: Development of clinical signs and occurrence of feline corona virus antigen in naturally infected barrier reared XXXX and their offspring.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVES: To describe two cases of @entity177 with @entity1516 causing @entity12805 . The first @entity1 was a 24-year-old @entity1 with T3 ASIA (American @entity3510 Association)-A @entity451 who developed complete failure and breakage of the Luque rods at the T11-12 region. The second @entity1 was a 36-year-old T5 ASIA-A complete paraplegic who fractured her Harrington rods at T12 and L1 bilaterally. SETTING: Saskatoon City Hospital, Saskatchewan, Canada. METHODS AND RESULTS: Both @entity1 underwent operation for surgical fixation. In both cases, stabilization and fusion of the @entity85 abolished the @entity12805 . CONCLUSION: Owing to the failure of spine-stabilizing hardware, sitting upright may cause an afferent stimulus that triggers the onset and worsening of symptoms associated with @entity12805 . Therefore, in contrast to current acute treatment regimes, lying down may be preferred to sitting upright (to decrease blood pressure) as a means to relieve the afferent stimulus. Surgical correction and hardware replacement alleviated the symptoms in these two @entity1 .

title: Hardware failure and spinal XXXX causing @entity12805 : a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['hardware failure']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudoarthrosis']


abstract: 1. Resting energy expenditure was measured, by indirect calorimetry, in 12 @entity1 with @entity191 and in eight healthy age-matched control subjects. In the @entity1 with @entity191 measurements were made in both the untreated state and after an injection of the @entity935 agonist @entity3826 (treated state). In each state @entity2003 was recorded. 2. Resting energy expenditure was higher in @entity1 with @entity191 in both the treated and untreated states than in the control subjects. Of the @entity1 with @entity191 , seven showed no difference in resting energy expenditure between the two treatment states, whereas four showed markedly increased resting energy expenditure in the untreated state. The change in resting energy expenditure in the untreated state, as compared with the treated state, was significantly related to the development of @entity2003 in the untreated state. 3. In @entity191 , even in optimally treated @entity1 , resting energy expenditure is raised and this may contribute to the @entity353 seen in this disease. Severe @entity2003 occurring during untreated periods results in a further increase in resting energy expenditure.

title: Raised resting energy expenditure in XXXX and its relationship to @entity2003 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Country lacks sensitive and indigenous diagnostic kits for the screening of @entity1237 and @entity742 against @entity3068 . Therefore an indigenous ELISA kit was developed using protoplasmic antigen from native @entity3069 @entity3068 ' strain of @entity1237 origin (Kit 1). In the present study, kit 1 and two commercial kits (kit 2 and 3) were evaluated with respect to 'Gold Standard' fecal culture in 71 animals (55 @entity1237 and 16 @entity742 ). Kit 1 using indigenous antigen (protoplasmic antigen) was sensitive at very low concentration (0.1  gm / well) as compared to purified commercial protoplasmic antigen (4  gm / well) used in kit 2, in the Type 1 reactors (strong positive as positive). Screening of 71 animals by fecal culture detected 38.0% animals ( @entity1237 -40.0%, @entity742 -31.2%) as positive (clinical shedders of bacilli) from these farm animals. Of the farm animals located at Central Institute for Research on @entity1237 , herds of @entity1237 were endemic whereas, @entity742 flocks were comparatively resistant to @entity3068 . The 29.5 and 61.9, 15.4 and 57.7 and 4.2 and 14.0% animals ( @entity1237 and @entity742 ) were in the category of sero-reactors type 1 and 2 of the ELISA kits 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In the type 1 sero-reactors, sensitivity and specificity of kit 1, 2 and 3 was 53.7 and 86.0, 17.8 and 86.0 and 3.5 and 94.7%, respectively. Indigenous ELISA test (kit 1) was significantly superior for the screening of goatherds and @entity742 flocks against JD as compared to commercial ELISA kits (Kit 2 and 3). In comparison to kit 2 and 3, kit 1 had highest sensitivity, comparable specificity and substantial to nearly perfect proportional agreement (Kappa Scores) with respect to 'Gold standard' fecal culture in @entity1237 and @entity742 . Disease being endemic in herds and flocks screened using ELISA kits, Type I sero-rectors had better correlation with fecal culture in comparison to Type II sero-reactors therefore, used for estimation of sero-prevalence. Newly developed Indigenous ELISA kit was simple, inexpensive, sensitive and reliable for screening of @entity1237 and @entity742 population against @entity3068 . The study reports high prevalence of @entity3068 in farm goatherds and @entity742 flocks, using sensitive tests (fecal culture and ELISA kit). Results of Type 1 reaction in kit 1 were optimally correlated with culture and were good for estimating the sero-prevalence. For controlling @entity3068 in endemic herds initial removal of the animals in strong positive category (Tyep 1 reactors), may help to remove heavy shedders.

title: Evaluation of an indigenous ELISA for diagnosis of XXXX and its comparison with commercial kits.

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subspecies']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ["paratuberculosis 'Bison Type", "Johne's disease"]

answer: @entity3068 :: (MESH:D010283,Disease) :: ['Johne's disease']


abstract: From 1961 to 1981, 19 pediatric @entity1 with @entity976 were treated with external beam radiation post surgery. Twelve underwent primary treatment while seven were treated for recurrence. Median follow-up is 21 years (range 8-28 years) with an overall 20-year survival of 62%. Twenty-six percent (5/19) developed disease recurrence following radiation. Of the multiple @entity1 and treatment parameters analyzed, only initial disease status (i.e., primary vs recurrence), surgical extent, radiation dose, and treatment prior to routine use of CT scans (1961-1974) appeared to have major influence on @entity1 outcome. The 20-year survival for those treated for @entity66 was 78% versus 25% for those treated for recurrence. Fifty percent (3/6) of @entity1 receiving @entity5 doses of < or = 5400 cGy developed recurrences versus 15% (2/13) in those receiving > 5400 cGy. Four of the five recurrences occurred in @entity1 treated during the pre-CT era. Long term effects of treatment were analyzed. Surgical morbidity correlated strongly with extent of surgery. All @entity1 who underwent total resection developed surgical sequelae. Radiation morbidity correlated strongly with radiation dose. The incidence of @entity16 attributable to radiation were minimal, occurring in only two @entity1 . Both received doses higher than that given with modern therapy. Long-term results from this series are better than those reported with surgery alone. Use of modern surgical and radiation equipment/technique along with CT/MRI imaging should yield improved treatment results both in terms of lower recurrence and lower @entity137 rates.

title: XXXX : long term results of combined treatment with surgery and radiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['vascular or neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['Pediatric craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: We developed a diet optimizer for least-cost diet formulation with the Cornell Net @entity1735 and Protein System (CNCPS) using linear programming. The CNCPS model is intrinsically nonlinear, and feed biological values vary with animal and feed characteristics. To allow linear diet optimization, we first used the CNCPS model to generate biological values to characterize the energy and protein content of each feed for the specific group for which the diet was being formulated. The biological values used were metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg), metabolizable protein [(% @entity62 ( @entity62 )], passage rate (%/h), bacteria yield efficiencies (g/g), and degradation rate of the @entity1735 B2 fraction (%/h). In addition, the ruminal balances for @entity1568 and peptides were included in the optimizer to optimize ruminal degradation of fiber. The objective function was to minimize diet cost subject to animal requirement and feed availability constraints. The animal constraints were set by requirements for @entity62 intake (kg/d), metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg), metabolizable protein (% @entity62 ), and effective neutral detergent fiber (% @entity62 ) for a given level of production. Data from a dairy farm were used to evaluate this linear diet optimizer. Across all classes of dairy @entity291 , the CNCPS 4.0 model typically obtained a solution in less than six iterations that met the requirements with nearly 100% accuracy. We conclude this linear optimizer can be used to accurately formulate least-cost diets with the CNCPS model.

title: Whole-herd optimization with the Cornell Net XXXX and Protein System. I. Predicting feed biological values for diet optimization with linear programming.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: The use of @entity10129 (10-20 mg b.i.d.) was evaluated as a replacement therapy for long-acting @entity594 (40-120 mg/day) in 21 @entity1 with severe @entity101 , who were resistant to or intolerant of @entity594 . Except for one @entity1 with specific contraindications, all @entity1 received an individually determined constant dose of beta blocker throughout the 8-month study. Results indicated a significant decrease in blood pressure after four weeks of treatment with @entity10129 (173 +/- 5/98 +/- 4 to 156 +/- 3/91 +/- 2 mmHg, p less than 0.05) without an associated change in pulse rate in 19 @entity1 ; only 5 of the 21 @entity1 showed no further benefit from @entity10129 . No significant biochemical changes were noted in any of the @entity1 during the study. In three @entity1 , leg @entity4 that had developed as a consequence of previous @entity594 therapy resolved completely following @entity10129 administration. Two @entity1 withdrew from the study before term because of @entity10 and palpitations. An additional two @entity1 @entity10 , but tolerated the drug and continued the study. One @entity1 suffered from @entity2011 . @entity10129 appears to be an effective substitute treatment for @entity594 in severely @entity101 @entity1 sensitive or resistant to @entity594 .

title: XXXX : a replacement therapy for @entity594 in the treatment of severe @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine', 'Nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['suffered headaches', 'headaches']

answer: @entity10129 :: (MESH:D015737,Chemical) :: ['Nisoldipine']


abstract: @entity1573 cardiomyocytes, when submitted to @entity4 , exhibit a partial regulatory volume decrease (RVD). A @entity141 influx by stretch-activated channels signals a @entity2226 efflux and the RVD at 37 degrees C. We evaluated the cell's performance at room temperature. Cardiomyocytes isolated and cultured from 11-day-old @entity1573 embryos were submitted to a hyposmotic solution (180 mOsm/kg @entity2507 ) at 37 degrees C and at room temperature (26 degrees C). Under these conditions we measured the changes in cell volume as well as the intracellular free @entity141 (using @entity593 ). During @entity4 , cells at 37 degrees C displayed a peak relative volume of 1.61 +/- 0.03 and recovery to 1.22 +/- 0.04 (N = 14), while cells at 26 degrees C presented a peak swell relative volume of 1.74 +/- 0.06 and did not recover (1.59 +/- 0.09, N = 9). Transient increases in intracellular @entity141 , which are characteristic of the normal RVD, were observed at both temperatures (29.1 +/- 4.5% (N = 8) and 115.2 +/- 42.8% (N = 5) increase at 37 degrees and 26 degrees C (P<0.05), respectively). A delay in the @entity141 transient increase was also observed when the cells were at 26 degrees C (109 +/- 34 s compared to 38 +/- 9 s at 37 degrees C, P<0.05). At room temperature the RVD does not occur because the @entity460 transient increase, which is an early event in the signaling of the RVD, is delayed. Also, free @entity460 is not cleared as in the 37 degrees C RVD. In the normal RVD the free @entity460 returns to baseline levels. The very high and persistent free @entity460 levels seen at room temperature can lead to unregulated enzyme activities and may promote irreversible @entity204 .

title: A moderate decrease in temperature inhibits the @entity460 signaling mechanism(s) of the regulatory volume decrease in XXXX embryo cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hyposmotic swelling']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury and cell death']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In forensic psychiatry it is essential that @entity1 ' risks of reoffending are assessed as reliably as possible. The risk assessment instrument hkt-30 assesses both static and dynamic risk factors. It is assumed that dynamic risk factors should change when a @entity1 receives treatment. AIM: To find out whether dynamic risk factors changed during the course of forensic @entity146 treatment. METHOD: The hkt-30 was administered 984 times for forensic @entity146 @entity1 in 3 different forensic @entity146 centres, in the period June 2003-November 2006. For 513 @entity1 the instrument was administered at least once, for 313 this was done at least twice and for 158 @entity1 for three years in succession. By subdividing the research group into 'new', 'old' and 'transferred' @entity1 we were able to examine in which phase of treatment the largest changes in hkt-30 scores occurred. RESULTS: More than half the scores for dynamic risk factors, as well as the total score, declined significantly as treatment progressed, but the differences were small in absolute terms. The three subgroups of @entity1 hardly differed from each other with regard to the degree of change. CONCLUSION: The scores for the risk factors, assumed in theory to be changeable, seemed to become lower as the treatment progressed. However, it is not yet certain whether these lower scores were in fact directly linked to a reduction on the risk of reoffending.

title: [Behavioural changes during forensic XXXX treatment: a multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) may originate from @entity2922 -sensitive @entity1972 ( @entity1972 ) or its ligament in addition to pulmonary veins (PVs). The anatomy of @entity1972 and its relation to arrhythmogenic foci in the left atrium are unknown. We studied the anatomy of @entity1972 and its relation to foci in @entity1 with @entity955 . METHODS: The study population consisted of 100 @entity1 with @entity955 (mean age, 62 years; chronic @entity955 , n = 15). @entity955 sources were determined at baseline and after @entity3044 administration without sedation. @entity1972 was identified by balloon-occluded coronary sinus (CS) angiography. We determined its anatomy in relation to left PVs. RESULTS: @entity1972 was visualized in 73 @entity1 (73%). Ninety-seven @entity1 had 269 arrhythmogenic foci ( @entity4406 , n = 77; non- @entity4406 , n = 48). Non- @entity4406 foci included left atrial posterior wall (24, 9%), left lateral area (12, 4.5%), roof (6, 2.2%), superior vena cava (28, 10.4%), crista terminalis (8, 3.0%), CS (10, 3.7%), and others (10, 3.7%). The incidence of @entity4406 foci in the left superior @entity4406 (LSPV) was significantly higher in @entity1 with well-developed @entity1972 than in those without (66% vs 42%, P < 0.05). Twenty-eight @entity1 had 30 non- @entity4406 foci around the LSPV ostium. We successfully ablated the non- @entity4406 foci at the distal end of @entity1972 in 11 @entity1 . The ends of the @entity1972 branches were good markers to search for non- @entity4406 foci. Seven of 11 (64%) @entity1 with successful ablation of non- @entity4406 foci were free from @entity943 , whereas only 6 of 17 (35%) were free from @entity943 in those with residual non- @entity4406 foci. CONCLUSIONS: To determine @entity1972 anatomy is important to identify non- @entity4406 foci around the ends of @entity1972 .

title: Marshall vein as arrhythmogenic source in XXXX with @entity955 : correlation between its anatomy and electrophysiological findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1972 :: ('MESH:C536025', 'Disease') :: ['vein of Marshall', 'VOM']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main aim of treatment for @entity7592 is fast and effective reduction of anaerobic destructive microorganisms to avoid periodontal damage. The effect of adjunctive local @entity26 therapy in the treatment of @entity2520 was examined in this study. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity7592 were treated with the systemic antibiotics @entity115 , @entity798 , and @entity868 . In 15 out of 30 @entity1 , adjunctive local @entity26 therapy was administered. The @entity1 were followed from the first to 10th day of treatment with clinical and bacteriological examinations. The clinical examination registered @entity548 , periodontal probing depth, and @entity6730 ; to follow up microbiological colonization of the periodontal sulcus, five representative bacteria were registered by a semiquantitative DNA polymerase chain reaction test. RESULTS: In both groups of @entity1 , colonization with @entity3288 , @entity3289 , and @entity14148 was initially positive. None of these three microorganisms were completely eradicated in any of the @entity1 in the group without @entity26 therapy within the first 10 days of treatment. In the group with adjunctive @entity26 therapy, all @entity1 either showed a reduction in or complete eradication of the microorganisms, resulting in more rapid clinical restitution with less periodontal destruction. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive @entity26 therapy results in early eradication of pathogenic anaerobic microorganisms in cases of @entity7592 . The damage to periodontal tissue is reduced.

title: Local @entity26 therapy for treating XXXX in smokers.

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['Tannerella forsythensis']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing periodontal disease']

answer: @entity7592 :: (MESH:D015882,Disease) :: ['acute necrotizing periodontal disease']


abstract: @entity2633 of the elbow is a relatively common @entity4122 and would involve 1-3% of the overall population. Lack of consensus on surgical techniques reflects the difficulty of understanding and treating this disease. Our prospective study reports the results of its arthroscopic treatment on 14 @entity1 operated on between 2009 and 2012. The mean follow-up was 7.15 months. All @entity1 underwent a well conducted medical treatment for an average of 32.5 months. The operation was carried out under regional anesthesia in an outpatient. The technique included a time of joint exploration, joint capsulotomy and a transverse division of the pathological tendon of extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and @entity2003 ( @entity2003 ). The value on the visual analogic scale (VAS) at rest and during exercise increased from 2.85 to 0.43 and from 7.71 to 2.43, respectively, then remained stable over time. Professional activity was resumed on average at 9.1 weeks. Neither intraoperative nor postoperative complications were found. No laxity was observed. The Mayo Clinic and DASH scores were significantly improved from 52.14 to 92.5 and from 54.11 to 9.7, respectively. Overall, we observed 11 very good and three good results. Although our prospective series has a few @entity1 and limited follow-up, our results are better or similar than those reported in the literature on @entity158 relief and functional recovery. In contrast, the average recovery of professional activity was longer. Elbow arthroscopy, less invasive than open procedures, and allowing further joint exploration, seems an excellent alternative technique in this indication.

title: [Arthroscopic treatment of XXXX : a prospective study on 14 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['pathology']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['EDC', 'extensor digitorum communis']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['Lateral epicondylitis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: OBJECT: Embolization of @entity438 by using Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) is proving to be a safe method of protecting @entity439 from @entity397 . Occasionally, @entity1 with @entity438 present with symptoms related to the @entity439 's mass effect on either the @entity129 . In the present study, the authors conducted a retrospective review to evaluate the response to GDC embolization in a series of 19 @entity1 presenting with @entity129 due to mass effect. METHODS: @entity439 were classified by size, shape, wall calcification, and amount of intraluminal @entity715 . @entity1 were classified by duration of symptoms prior to GDC treatment (range < 1 month to > 10 years). Clinical assessment was performed within days of the GDC procedure and at later follow-up appointments (range 1-70 months, mean 24 months). In the immediate post-GDC period, four @entity1 experienced worsening of @entity129 . Two of the four @entity1 had transient worsening of visual acuity, which later improved to better than baseline status. Another @entity1 who had presented with @entity2103 from a vertebrobasilar junction @entity439 had improvement in these symptoms, but developed a new @entity892 . The fourth @entity1 had worsening of her visual acuity, which had not resolved at the 1-month follow-up examination; this @entity1 later underwent surgical decompression. CONCLUSIONS: On late follow-up review, the response was classified as complete resolution of symptoms in six @entity1 (32%), improvement in eight @entity1 (42%), no significant change in four @entity1 (21%), and symptom worsening in one @entity1 (5%). @entity1 with smaller @entity439 and those with shorter pretreatment duration of symptoms were more likely to experience an improvement in their symptoms following GDC treatment, although statistical significance was not reached in this series (p=0.603 and p=0.111, respectively). The presence of @entity439 (six @entity1 ) or intraluminal @entity715 (12 @entity1 ) showed no correlation with the response of mass effect symptoms in these @entity1 .

title: @entity439 presenting with mass effect symptoms: response to endosaccular treatment with Guglielmi detachable coils. Part I. Symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits', 'cranial nerve dysfunction', 'brain parenchyma or cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['headache and seventh and eighth cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysmal wall calcification', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'unruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial nerve dysfunction']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is induced by mechanical stress manifested by cartilage destruction with no or minimal involvement of the immune response as compared to that in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). This study is a trial to investigate the hypothesis that the immune response has a critical role in the pathogenesis of @entity571 . This work was performed on 2 groups of @entity1 : the first group included 20 primary @entity626 @entity1 and the second group included 18 @entity309 @entity1 as autoimmune controls. @entity1 of both groups were diagnosed according to the revised criteria of the American college of Rheumatology (ACR). All @entity1 were subjected to complete history taking, clinical examination, degree of severity of @entity571 , disease activity for @entity309 @entity1 and routine laboratory assays. Radiological examinations were done for the wrists, hands and both knees for both @entity309 and @entity571 @entity1 . Flow cytometric assessment of T cell (T helper, T cytotoxic), B cell, Natural killer cells and the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio in the peripheral blood (PB) was carried out for both groups. The results of this study showed no statistical difference between the two studied groups regarding the percentages of the different lymphocyte subsets. These findings reflect the similarity of immune cell profile in both @entity309 and @entity571 @entity1 , and raised the possibility that @entity854 cell and its subsets may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity571 , and predispose to chronic progressive immune response in the synovial membrane (SM) with cartilage destruction. Targeting the cascade that leads to abnormal immune response may open new avenues for treating @entity571 .

title: Lymphocytes subsets in XXXX versus @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in T']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Autologous grafts from axial and appendicular bones commonly used to repair orofacial bone defects often result in unfavorable outcome. This clinical observation, along with the fact that many @entity79 are limited to craniofacial bones, suggests that there are significant differences in bone metabolism in orofacial, axial and appendicular bones. It is plausible that these differences are dictated by site-specificity of embryological progenitor cells and osteogenic properties of resident multipotent @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). This study investigated skeletal site-specific phenotypic and functional differences between orofacial (maxilla and mandible) and axial (iliac crest) hBMSCs in vitro and in vivo. Primary cultures of maxilla, mandible and iliac crest hBMSCs were established with and without osteogenic inducers. Site-specific characterization included colony forming efficiency, cell proliferation, life span before senescence, relative presence of surface markers, adipogenesis, osteogenesis and transplantation in immunocompromised @entity19 to compare bone regenerative capacity. Compared with iliac crest cells, orofacial hBMSCs (OF-MSCs) proliferated more rapidly with delayed senescence, expressed higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and demonstrated more @entity460 accumulation in vitro. Cells isolated from the three skeletal sites were variably positive for STRO 1, a marker of hBMSCs. OF-MSCs formed more bone in vivo, while iliac crest hBMSCs formed more compacted bone that included hematopoietic tissue and were more responsive in vitro and in vivo to osteogenic and adipogenic inductions. These data demonstrate that hBMSCs from the same individuals differ in vitro and in vivo in a skeletal site-specific fashion and identified orofacial marrow stromal cells as unique cell populations. Further understanding of site-specific properties of hBMSCs and their impact on site-specific @entity79 and regeneration are needed.

title: Skeletal site-specific characterization of orofacial and iliac crest XXXX bone marrow stromal cells in same individuals.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases', 'bone abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity189 is an uncommon and relatively unknown clinically aggressive @entity420 of salivary origin that histologically demonstrates a remarkable resemblance to invasive @entity0 . We report the clinicopathologic features of 13 cases that were also examined by image analysis for DNA ploidy. The results were then analyzed collectively with the less than 100 cases of @entity189 reported in the English-language literature to define the characteristics of this unusual @entity5 . The 12 @entity1 and one @entity1 averaged 68 years of age (range, 49 to 90 years). All @entity5 arose in the parotid (10 cases) or submandibular glands (three cases). Nine @entity5 were aneuploid, three diploid, and one was indeterminate because of insufficient tissue. Follow-up (median, 24 months) was available in 12 cases: three @entity1 died of disease, six were alive without disease, and three died of other causes. Combining our cases with those in the literature, a total of 104 cases, confirms that @entity189 is a highly malignant @entity5 with distinctive clinical and pathologic features. It arises almost exclusively in the major salivary glands (96% of cases), is three times more common in @entity1 , and usually occurs in @entity1 over 50 years of age (range, 22 to 91 years). One-third of @entity1 experience local recurrences, 59% develop positive regional lymph nodes, 46% have systemic @entity3 (lungs and bones), and 65% die of their disease, usually within 4 years of diagnosis. Determination of @entity5 ploidy has no prognostic significance. The presence of distant @entity3 was the only clinicopathologic feature that was statistically associated with prognosis (p = 0.02); all @entity1 with systemic @entity3 died of disease.

title: XXXX . Part I. A clinicopathologic evaluation and DNA image analysis of 13 cases with review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['salivary duct carcinoma', 'Salivary duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Salivary duct carcinoma']


abstract: Colonies of Damaraland mole- @entity35 Cryptomys damarensis exhibit a high reproductive skew. Typically one female breeds and the others are anovulatory. Two models, the @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) and the self-restraint model (SRM), have been proposed to account for this reproductive suppression. The @entity3628 proposes that suppression is under the control of the dominant breeder and is imposed by mechanisms such as aggression, pheromones and interference with copulation, whereas the SRM does not involve aggression directed towards non-breeders and may function in order to minimize inbreeding. We investigated potential proximate mechanisms involved in the suppression of females in a series of experiments. Socially induced stress through aggression did not appear to be responsible for @entity3206 . Nor did breeders actively interfere with subordinate copulation. Females were physiologically suppressed when housed in intact colonies. However, as predicted by the @entity3628 , they did not become reproductively active when removed from the presence of breeders. We found no evidence that pheromonal cues block ovulation. We suggest that the SRM is the basic model found in the Damaraland mole- @entity35 and that self-restraint functions in order to minimize inbreeding by restricting reproduction until an unrelated male is present. This would explain the rapid onset of reproductive activation in females when paired with an unrelated male, as demonstrated in this study.

title: Reproductive suppression in female Damaraland mole- XXXX Cryptomys damarensis: dominant control or self-restraint?

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dominant control model']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: An empirically established chemoimmunotherapy that combines the epifocal application of the contact sensitizer @entity3304 ( @entity3304 ) to cutaneous metastases with the systemic administration of @entity2699 ( @entity2699 ) yields high response rates and results in prolonged survival. However, despite the fact that this therapy has been in clinical use for several years, the mode of action still remains elusive. In order to overcome this limitation we established a @entity19 model system. @entity6844 cells were implanted subcutaneously in syngeneic C57BL/6 @entity19 and treatment was started 7 days after. In a first set of experiments @entity19 received intraperitoneal injections of @entity2699 followed by epifocal applications of @entity3304 24 h later. Treatment significantly decreased @entity5 growth. In contrast, no significant effect was induced by @entity2699 or @entity3304 alone. Using this regimen, with varying doses of either @entity2699 or @entity3304 , we demonstrated that the therapeutic effect is dose dependent. Furthermore, the treatment of @entity5 with @entity2699 and @entity3304 influenced the course of visceral metastases: the growth of pulmonary metastases was significantly inhibited if @entity5 were treated as described. In conclusion, we have established a model system that seems to be appropriate for both the optimization of this therapeutic regimen and the characterization of effector mechanisms.

title: Chemoimmunotherapy for melanoma with @entity2699 and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene: results from a @entity19 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine', 'DTIC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3304 :: ('MESH:D004137', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrochlorobenzene', 'DNCB']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show an inverse relation between nut consumption and @entity301 . OBJECTIVE: We determined the effects of walnut intake on plasma @entity1718 , lipoproteins, and lipoprotein subclasses in @entity1 with @entity5703 . DESIGN: @entity1 sequentially adhered to the following diets: 1) a @entity734 ( @entity734 ), 2) a @entity734 plus walnuts ( @entity734 +W), 3) a low-fat diet (LFD), and 4) a low-fat diet plus walnuts (LFD+W). RESULTS: In 13 postmenopausal @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ( +/- SD age 60 +/- 8 y), walnut supplementation did not increase body weight despite increased energy intake and the LFD caused weight loss (1.3 +/- 0.5 kg; P < 0.01). When comparing the @entity734 with the @entity734 +W, @entity4722 concentrations increased from 29.94 +/- 1.14% to 36.85 +/- 1.13% and @entity7461 concentrations increased from 0.78 +/- 0.04% to 1.56 +/- 0.11%. During the LFD+W, plasma total @entity165 concentrations decreased by 0.58 +/- 0.16 mmol/L when compared with the @entity734 and by 0.46 +/- 0.14 mmol/L when compared with the LFD. LDL- @entity165 concentrations decreased by 0.46 +/- 0.15 mmol/L when compared with the LFD. Measurements of lipoprotein subclasses and particle size suggested that walnut supplementation lowered @entity165 preferentially in small LDL (46.1 +/- 1.9% compared with 33.4 +/- 4.3%, @entity734 compared with @entity734 +W, respectively; P < 0.01). HDL- @entity165 concentrations decreased from 1.27 +/- 0.07 mmol/L during the @entity734 to 1.14 +/- 0.07 mmol/L during the @entity734 +W and to 1.11 +/- 0.08 mmol/L during the LFD. The decrease was seen primarily in the large HDL particles. CONCLUSIONS: Walnut supplementation may beneficially alter lipid distribution among various lipoprotein subclasses even when total plasma lipids do not change. This may be an additional mechanism underlying the antiatherogenic properties of nut intake.

title: Effects of walnut consumption on plasma XXXX and lipoproteins in @entity5703 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'habitual diet']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Flexural strength of prosthesis made with dental composite resin materials plays an important role in their survival. The aim of this study was investigating the effect of @entity30528 and @entity4625 -grafted ( @entity4625 -grafted) @entity30528 loading on the flexural strength of fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard FRC bars (2   2   25 mm) for flexural strength testing were prepared with E-glass fibers and a synthetic resin loaded with different quantities of unmodified nanoclay and @entity4625 -grafted @entity30528 particles (0% as control group, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%). Flexural strength and flexural modulus were determined. The data were analyzed using 2-way, 1-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (a = 0.05). The @entity174 surfaces were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. RESULTS: For groups with the same concentration of nanoparticles, @entity4625 -grafted filler-loaded group showed significantly higher flexural strength, except for 0.2% wt. For groups that contain @entity4625 -grafted @entity30528 , the 2% wt had the highest flexural strength value with significant difference to other subgroups. 1% wt and 2% wt showed significantly higher values compared to control (P < 0.05). None of the unmodified nanoclay particles loaded group represented statistically higher values of flexural strength compared to control group (P > 0.05). Flexural modulus of 2%, 5% wt @entity4625 -grafted and 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% wt unmodified nanoclay particles-loaded subgroups decreased significantly compared to control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4625 -grafted @entity30528 loading may enhance the flexural strength of FRCs. Addition of unmodified nanoparticles cannot significantly improve the flexural strength of FRCs. Addition of both unmodified and @entity4625 -grafted nanoclay particles in some concentrations decreased the flexural modulus.

title: The effect of XXXX loading on the flexural strength of fiber-reinforced composites.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'Poly (methyl methacrylate)']

entities_list: @entity30528 :: ('MESH:D012832', 'Disease') :: ['nanoclay filler', 'nanoclay fillers']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity30528 :: (MESH:D012832,Disease) :: ['nanoclay filler']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of two kinds of physical measures, the normalized radiographic index (R) and the normalized fractal dimension (F), for computerized classification of @entity401 on chest radiographs. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The values of R were obtained as the normalized percent area of extracted @entity231 in selected regions of interest (ROIs). The values of F were calculated with a box-counting algorithm and then normalized. To extract linear @entity231 on chest radiographs selectively, we processed ROIs by four-directional Laplacian-Gaussian filtering and binarization (4LG/B), linear @entity231 judgment (LOJ), and linear @entity231 subtraction (LOS). We used the ROIs of 50 mild and 50 severe @entity401 . In both groups, all cases were divided into H (n=21, honeycombing @entity231 were found to be dominant) and Non-H (n=79, abnormal @entity231 were found, but these were excluded from H). We obtained three types of normalized physical measures of R and F in one ROI from 4LG/B, LOJ, and LOS images, and the combined indices, R(COM) and F(COM) were calculated. RESULTS: The values of F(LOJ) could differentiate H from Non-H in the mild-and the severe-abnormality group. However, all Rs could not differentiate H from Non-H in the severe-abnormality group. The combined indices of both R and F could differentiate H from Non-H in the mild-abnormality group; however, these could not differentiate H from Non-H in the severe-abnormality group. CONCLUSION: The values of F(LOJ) seem to be useful in the classification of @entity401 on chest radiographs.

title: Computerized classification of XXXX on chest radiographs with normalized radiographic index and normalized fractal dimension.

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacity', 'opacities']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung abnormalities']


abstract: To study the @entity409 of @entity1 with @entity1577 , percutaneous liver biopsies were performed in 10 @entity1 with @entity1577 aged 6 to 22 yr. Nine of 10 @entity1 had high Shwachman scores, eight had normal serum levels of transaminases. Light-microscopical examination showed @entity1560 in seven cases and in five slight or moderate inflammatory infiltration. Eight @entity1 showed varying degrees of @entity82 and even @entity82 . Six @entity1 had bile-duct proliferation and, in one case a bile plug was found. Other signs of @entity1448 were not seen. Electron-microscopical investigation showed no specific signs of @entity1448 such as ductal plugs or intracellular bile pigments. The canaliculi were not dilated, except in one case. Most @entity1 had bile-duct cells with irregular shapes, protruding into the lumen, and some cases even had @entity39 cells. Around the bile ducts and ductules, collagen was deposited and fat-storing cells were a common finding. Our findings do not support the view that @entity1448 is the pathogenetic factor in @entity409 in @entity1577 . A cytotoxic influence on the biliary cells, stimulating collagen deposition, seems more likely.

title: Bile-duct destruction and collagen deposition: a prominent ultrastructural feature of the liver in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Resistance to oral feedings occurring during the course of chronic @entity354 ( @entity354 ) in @entity1 has received little attention in the literature. Accordingly, we reviewed the clinical courses of 600 @entity1 of < 24 months of age with @entity354 seen over an 8-year period to determine the prevalence and course of this problem. After excluding @entity1 with severe @entity16 , @entity2122 , or a history of esophageal surgery, 25 @entity1 were found to have resistance to oral feedings that was severe enough to warrant tube feedings for nutritional support. Sixteen of these 25 @entity1 had a history of resistance to oral feeding antedating a diagnosis of @entity354 , whereas nine developed resistance to feeding during the course of therapy. Gestational age, age at onset of @entity354 symptoms, severity of @entity354 , presence/severity of @entity2910 , type of medical therapy, need for fundoplication, or postfundoplication complications were similar in these two groups. When the clinical records of these 25 @entity1 were compared to an age- and sex-matched @entity1 population with @entity354 but without feeding resistance, no differences were noted in severity of @entity354 or the presence/severity of @entity2910 . However, failure to thrive and the need for fundoplication were significantly more common in the feeding resistance group (p < 0.001). Among those @entity1 with neurodevelopmental evaluation, mild delay was seen more commonly in the @entity1 with feeding resistance but fell short of statistical significance (p = 0.08). Our observations suggest that resistance to oral feedings is an uncommon but severe problem associated with @entity354 in infancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Feeding resistance and XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial disorders']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with @entity4218 , spinal-cord stimulation has been advocated for the treatment of @entity158 and the prevention of amputation. We compared the efficacy of the addition of spinal-cord stimulation to best medical treatment in a randomised controlled trial. METHODS: 120 @entity1 with @entity4218 not suitable for vascular reconstruction were randomly assigned either spinal-cord stimulation in addition to best medical treatment or best medical treatment alone. Primary outcomes were mortality and amputation. The primary endpoint was limb survival at 2 years. FINDINGS: The mean (SD) age of the @entity1 was 72.6 years (10.3). Median (IQR) follow-up was 605 days (244-1171). 40 (67%) of 60 @entity1 in the spinal-cord-stimulator group and 41 (68%) of 60 @entity1 in the standard group were alive at the end of the study, (p=0.96). There were 25 major amputations in the spinal-cord-stimulator group and 29 in the standard group, (p=0.47). The hazard ratio for survival at 2 years without major amputation in the spinal-cord stimulation group compared with the standard group was 0.96 (95% CI 0.61-1.51). INTERPRETATION: Spinal-cord-stimulation in addition to best medical care does not prevent amputation in @entity1 with @entity4218 .

title: Spinal-cord stimulation in XXXX : a randomised trial. ESES Study Group.

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic pain']

answer: @entity4218 :: (MESH:D017880,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischaemia']


abstract: Reading difficulties caused by @entity1805 are well described. We present a study of @entity5545 in a @entity1 (NT) with a milder @entity227 . The @entity1 had suffered a @entity1779 causing damage to the left occipital cortex and underlying white matter. NT's text reading was slow and prone to error, but recognition of single letters was preserved. Single word reading was accurate, but slower than normal. On perimetric testing NT initially showed an upper right quadrantanopia, but by attending covertly to this quadrant he could achieve luminance detection except in a small scotoma above the reading line. A whole report experiment showed that letter perception was severely compromised in the quadrant, consistent with cerebral @entity4457 . On follow-up testing one and a half year post @entity64 , a clear spontaneous recovery had occurred, reflected in improved text reading with close to normal eye movements. Still, subtle reading difficulties and oculo-motor abnormalities remained. Overall, the study shows how @entity4457 in one quadrant can lead to a characteristic form of @entity5545 .

title: XXXX and @entity4457 : reading disability after a minor @entity227 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficit']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['Alexia']


abstract: The American @entity6 Association and a working group of the International @entity6 Federation and the World Health Organisation are considering the possibility of lowering the level of fasting @entity413 for diagnosis of @entity6 from 7.8 mM to 7.0 mM (126 mg/dl) and adding a "hyperglycaemia" category (6.1-6.9 mM). This report studied the resulting change in the frequency of @entity6 in the French D.E.S.I.R. cohort and evaluated cardiovascular risk factors according to the proposed limits. The frequency of treated @entity6 was 1.0% in this cohort of more than 5,000 French @entity1 and @entity1 30 to 64 years of age, 0.7% had a fasting @entity413 > or = 7.8 mM versus 1.6% for the proposed > or = 7.0 mM. Using the new criteria, 3.8% of @entity1 and 1.6% of @entity1 would be @entity6 . For many cardiovascular risk factors, @entity1 with fasting @entity413 > or = 7.8 mM had a significantly higher risk than those in the (7.0-7.7 mM) range, whereas no significant differences were found for @entity1 . There were few differences between the (7.0-7.7 mM) and (6.1-6.9 mM) ranges, but highly significant differences were apparent for both sexes between the normoglycaemic (< 6.1 mM) and hyperglycaemic (6.1-6.9 mM) categories. The percentage of @entity1 with two or more of ten risk factors increased with fasting @entity413 : 36% in the normoglycaemic (< 6.1 mM) and 49% in the hyperglycaemic (6.1-6.9 mM) categories; 73% with fasting @entity413 in (7.0-7.7 mM) versus 90% with fasting @entity413 > or = 7.8 mM. In @entity1 , the corresponding percentages were lower: 26% and 60%, 32% versus 64% respectively. The major increase in cardiovascular risk factors would appear to occur at 6.1 mM, for @entity1 , whereas the increase in the combination of risk factors was at the more conservative cut-off of 7.0 mM.

title: Proposed criteria for the diagnosis of XXXX : evidence from a French epidemiological study (D.E.S.I.R.).

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of metastatic @entity1893 in the lumbar spine presenting as @entity614 . CLINICAL FEATURES: A 46-year-old @entity1 sought care from his doctor of chiropractic for @entity1643 and right leg @entity614 . The @entity1 was referred for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to evaluate for a suspected disk herniation. The MRI scan revealed 2 lumbar pathologic @entity3814 with @entity1971 , and MRI short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sagittal image of the lumbar spine showed high signal in T12 and S2. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The @entity1 was referred for an immediate consultation with his medical physician with the preliminary diagnosis of metastatic @entity79 or primary @entity79 of unknown etiology. The @entity1 underwent bone biopsy, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography scanning and was diagnosed with small cell @entity1893 with osseous @entity3 . The @entity1 underwent chemo- and radiation therapy, and the @entity706 is now in remission 18 months later. CONCLUSION: This case describes the presentation of metastatic @entity1893 as a possible contributing cause in a @entity1 presenting with @entity614 , a common @entity85 . As well, this case highlights the importance of STIR sequences as part of a routine lumbar spine MRI examination. Without the STIR sequences, the additional deposits in T12 and S1 would not have been readily appreciated. Although metastatic @entity1893 of the spine is rare, it should be remembered in the differential diagnoses.

title: Metastatic @entity1893 presenting as XXXX and @entity614 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina compression']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal condition']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal radium irradiation (NRI) was used widely from 1940 through 1970 to treat @entity2346 serosa in @entity1 and @entity11283 in airmen and submariners. We assessed whether NRI-exposed individuals were at higher risk for @entity5 -related @entity204 than were nonexposed individuals. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all-cause and @entity5 -related mortality in 5358 NRI-exposed subjects and in 5265 frequency-matched nonexposed subjects, who as @entity1 were treated at nine ear, nose, and throat clinics in The Netherlands from 1945 through 1981. We recorded personal and medical data from original @entity1 medical records and assessed vital status through follow-up at municipal population registries. Risk of mortality was evaluated by standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: The average radiation doses were 275, 10.9, 1.8, and 1.5 cGy for the nasopharynx, pituitary, brain, and thyroid, respectively. The median follow-up was 31.6 years. Three hundred two NRI-exposed subjects had died, with 269.2 @entity204 expected (SMR = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 1.3); among nonexposed subjects, 315 died, with 283.5 @entity204 expected (SMR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.2). @entity5 -related @entity204 of 96 exposed subjects (SMR = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.4) and 87 nonexposed subjects (SMR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.8 to 1.3) were documented. There were no excess @entity204 from cancers of the head and neck area among exposed subjects. However, there were excess @entity204 from cancers of lymphoproliferative and hematopoietic origin (SMR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1 to 3.0), mainly from @entity1893 (SMR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0 to 5.3). We found no evidence that @entity0 @entity204 were less than expected (SMR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.9 to 2.8) in contrast to an earlier study. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not indicate an increased @entity5 mortality risk in a population exposed to NRI in childhood. More prolonged follow-up of this and other NRI cohorts is recommended.

title: XXXX mortality after nasopharyngeal radium irradiation in the Netherlands: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of @entity49 ( @entity49 ) is usually achieved by digital subtraction angiography or magnetic resonance angiography, while structural brain tissue damage can be assessed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using perfusion and diffusion weighted imaging (PWI, DWI) we aimed in this study to identify pathophysiological patterns corresponding to only functional and hence reversible tissue involvement. METHODS: PWI, DWI, and conventional MRI were performed in six @entity49 @entity1 acutely and after 16-26 days when their clinical condition had improved. All @entity1 were treated with partial thromboplastin time-effective intravenous heparin. After intravenous administration of a paramagnetic contrast agent, bolus track PWI allows pixel based determination of mean transit time ( @entity98 ) and cerebral blood volume (CBV). DWI was performed with two different b values (0, 1000 s/ @entity202 ) for calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. RESULTS: In five of six cases increased @entity98 values were observed initially, whereas the CBV was normal, indicating a reduction of cerebral blood flow. ADC values were normal. On follow up after clinical recovery @entity98 prolongations had resolved. Areas with prolonged @entity98 did not evolve into structural lesions. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity49 , prolongations of @entity98 in the absence of changes in CBV and ADC seem to indicate reversible involvement of brain tissue, a situation corresponding to the ischaemic penumbra.

title: Perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['CVT', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']


abstract: Cell adhesion molecules are cell surface glycoproteins that may act as mediators in the metastatic process. Soluble @entity1199 receptor (sIL-2R) is an immunological marker that may also serve as an indicator of @entity5 progression. Normal and neoplastic cells are capable of releasing these molecules into circulation. We evaluated the association between pretreatment serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), @entity4725 (sVCAM-1) and sIL-2R and @entity3 and survival in 50 @entity1 with advanced @entity320 . The @entity1 with liver and/or bone @entity3 had significantly higher sICAM-1 levels than those with soft tissue and/or lung involvement (P=0.002). In addition, there was a trend towards higher sIL-2R levels in @entity1 with more metastatic sites (P=0.07). In univariate analysis, the number of metastatic sites (P=0.0001, odds ratio (OR) 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-5.3), the metastatic site (P=0.01, OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.4) and the levels of sICAM-1 (P=0.011, OR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2-5.0), sVCAM-1 (P=0.036, OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0-4.3) and sIL-2R (P=0.0016, OR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.5-6.0) were found to be statistically significant prognostic factors for survival. In multivariate analysis, the number of metastatic sites was the dominant prognostic indicator. After it was excluded from the analysis, the sIL-2R level and the metastatic site were found to be significant. It can be concluded, that high sICAM-1 levels suggest liver @entity3 and sIL-2R seems to serve as a marker of @entity5 load in @entity320 . Furthermore, the sIL-2R level appears to add to clinical data predicting the @entity1 's outcome.

title: Serum adhesion molecules and @entity1199 receptor as markers of @entity5 load and prognosis in advanced cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: In an open study, 37 @entity302 @entity1 were investigated with regard to @entity73 in anticonvulsant add-on therapy with @entity1771 (TPM). In addition to a preexisting antiepileptic medication, TPM administration was started and increased by 25 mg/week. Cognitive side effects noted by the @entity1 or doctor were assessed by a neuropsychological test battery. In 18/37 @entity1 (49%), @entity73 consisting of impaired concentration, @entity2414 , and @entity2026 were observed. The adverse effects became apparent at dosages of 50-575 mg TPM/day (average 210 mg). In four @entity1 , they were reversible after reducing the dose of TPM by 25-150 mg/day. In eight @entity1 , the adverse effects led to withdrawal of TPM. In spite of slow titration, the present study showed a higher frequency of cognitive side effects under TPM than was previously reported. In some @entity1 , these side effects led to @entity73 in daily life and at work. For early recognition of @entity73 , neuropsychological baseline and follow-up investigations of verbal fluency, psychomotor processing speed, and verbal memory are recommended.

title: [ XXXX due to add-on therapy with @entity1771 ].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['substantial impairments', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotoric slowing, memory deficits']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairments']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We systematically reviewed evidence on adjuvant treatment of @entity814 ( @entity814 ) and evidence for a target @entity815 ( @entity815 ) level to minimize @entity73 . DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase Drugs and Pharmacology, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the National Agricultural Library (AGRICOLA), and the reference lists of included studies. We searched the unpublished literature for additional data. REVIEW METHODS: We included studies published in English before August 2011. We excluded studies with fewer than 10 individuals; individual case reports; and studies lacking relevance to @entity814 treatment or @entity815 levels and measures of cognition (intelligence quotient [IQ] or core domains of executive function). We meta-analyzed studies addressing @entity815 level and IQ, and summarized studies of treatment in tabular form. RESULTS: We located 17 studies providing data regarding blood @entity815 levels and IQ changes, 10 studies addressing @entity8083 ( @entity8084 ), and 3 addressing the use of large neutral @entity535 formulations (LNAAs). Blood @entity815 level is positively correlated with the probability of having an IQ of less than 85. This predicted probability exceeds the population probability (approximately 15 percent) at 400  mol/L and reaches a maximum of about 80 percent at 2000  mol/L. Currently, findings on the association of @entity815 levels and measures of executive function are inconsistent, and too few studies have used the same outcome measures to combine data meaningfully. BH4 research to date includes two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three uncontrolled open-label trials. @entity815 levels were reduced by at least 30 percent in up to half of treated @entity1 (32 to 50 percent). In the one RCT that compared the effect of placebo on likelihood of a 30-percent reduction in @entity815 , only 9 percent of those on placebo achieved this effect after 6 weeks, compared with 44 percent of the treated group. Three very small studies (total number of @entity1 , 47) assessed LNAAs and reported no evidence that @entity815 levels were reduced to clinically meaningful levels. CONCLUSIONS: The strength of the evidence is moderate for a threshold effect of a @entity815 level of 400  mol/L associated with IQ <85. Evidence on the association of @entity815 and measures of executive function is insufficient. The use of adjuvant therapy in @entity814 is novel; the strength of the evidence is currently moderate for short-term effects on reducing @entity815 in a subset of initially responsive individuals and low for longer term effects on cognition.

title: Adjuvant Treatment for @entity814 ( XXXX )

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['sapropterin dihydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['PKU', 'phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine']

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['PKU']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the role of @entity4873 -derived @entity2918 (PG) in modulating the renal hemodynamic effects of @entity1063 (NE) during low or normal @entity1372 intake. The relative contribution of each COX isoform in producing the PG that attenuate the renal NE effects during normal @entity1372 intake was also evaluated. The renal response to three doses of NE (50, 100, and 250 ng. kg(-1). min(-1)) was evaluated in anesthetized @entity235 pretreated with vehicle, a selective @entity4873 inhibitor ( @entity9695 ), or a nonselective COX inhibitor ( @entity5728 ). Intrarenal infusion of the two lower doses of NE in vehicle-pretreated @entity235 with normal @entity1372 intake (n = 8) elicited an increase in renal vascular resistance (RVR; 21 and 34%) without inducing changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The highest dose of NE in this group induced a further increment in RVR (113%) and a decrease in GFR (33%). Pretreatment with @entity9695 in @entity235 with normal @entity1372 intake (n = 7) did not modify the NE-induced increments in RVR but enhanced the decreases in GFR induced by the three NE doses (12, 26, and 64%). The renal hemodynamic response to NE in @entity5728 -pretreated @entity235 with normal @entity1372 intake (n = 7) was similar to that found in @entity235 pretreated with @entity9695 . Infusion of the lowest dose of NE to vehicle-pretreated @entity235 with low @entity1372 intake (n = 6) did not modify GFR and elicited an increase in RVR (42%). Infusion of the second and third doses of NE led to a decrease in GFR (35 and 91%) and a rise in RVR (82 and 587%). Infusion of the first two doses of NE in @entity9695 -pretreated @entity235 with low @entity1372 intake (n = 5) induced a fall in GFR (64 and 92%) and an increase in RVR (174 and 2,293%) that were greater (P < 0.05) than those induced by NE in vehicle-pretreated @entity235 . The elevation in the urinary excretion rates of @entity1421 and @entity9077 elicited by NE was prevented in the @entity9695 -pretreated @entity235 . Our results show that @entity4873 inhibition potentiates the renal hemodynamic effects of NE and propose that the PG involved in modulating them are mainly derived from @entity4873 activity.

title: Role of XXXX -derived metabolites in regulation of the renal hemodynamic response to @entity1063 .

entities_list: @entity5728 :: ('MESH:D008469', 'Chemical') :: ['meclofenamate']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['nimesulide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity4873 :: (804479(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard treatment of @entity1580 type B is the medical therapy used for most @entity1 , according to Stanford. Surgical therapy involves a high mortality rate and is reserved for @entity1 with complicated dissections. We report from four @entity1 with @entity1580 , treated endoluminally by stent-graft implantation. METHODS: Four @entity1 with complicated acute thoracic aortic dissections type B were treated endoluminally by transfemoral stent-graft implantation. Preoperative evaluation was performed with spiral-computed tomography and calibrated aortography. The Talent stent-graft system (Metronic) was used in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The primary entry tear could be sealed successfully and complete @entity715 of the false thoracic aortic lumen was obtained in all cases. In one @entity1 , transposition of the left subclavian artery was performed, in two @entity1 the stent-grafts had to be placed across the origin of the left subclavian artery. No severe intra- or @entity260 occurred. CONCLUSION: Endoluminal treatment of @entity1580 seems to be a less invasive and effective therapy. Long-term results for this method are necessary.

title: Endovascular stent-graft repair of XXXX --early clinical experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['acute thoracic aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['acute thoracic aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity1205 , @entity1259 , and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) [ @entity39804 ] as treatment for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic @entity356 . METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 participated in the study (median age, 56 years; range, 22-73 years); Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [PS], 0-2). @entity1205 75 mg/m2 IV (day 1), @entity1487 500 mg/m2 IV (days 1-3), and @entity1259 50 mg/m2 IV (day 1) were administered every 3 weeks for six cycles. RESULTS: In total, 20/37 @entity1 (54%) completed six treatment cycles. Thirteen @entity1 (35%; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 20% to 51%) had an objective response; 1 @entity1 (3%) achieved a complete response and 12 @entity1 (32%) achieved partial responses. Stable disease was observed in 7 @entity1 (19%) and progressive disease in 5 @entity1 (14%). Twelve @entity1 (32%) were unevaluable. Clinical benefit (based on PS, @entity1017 , and analgesic consumption) was observed in 11 @entity1 (30%). Median follow-up was 41 months (range, 26-53 months), median time to progression was 6.6 months (range, 0.5-29.2 months), median overall survival was 10.7 months (range, 7.0-14.6 months), and 1-year survival was 40%. The regimen was well tolerated. Grade 3-4 @entity1398 occurred in 8 @entity1 (22%; 6% of cycles) and grade 3-4 @entity1398 in 1 @entity1 (1% of cycles). The most frequent grade 3-4 @entity137 were @entity1665 (11% of cycles), @entity294 (4% of cycles) and @entity391 (2% of cycles); grade 1-2 @entity1395 and @entity1295 occurred in 43% of cycles. CONCLUSION: @entity39804 is effective in the treatment of advanced @entity356 , and has a good safety profile.

title: Phase II multicenter trial of @entity1205 , @entity1259 , and XXXX ( @entity39804 ) in the treatment of advanced @entity356 : a novel, safe, and active regimen.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The tissue-specific polypeptide antigen (TPS) is an epitope of the tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) which is defined by the M3 monoclonal antibody and is related to @entity2873 . Several groups have demonstrated its value as a useful parameter in the follow-up of some @entity5 . This work has aimed to study the TPS cytosolic levels in infiltrating @entity513 of the breast (IDC) and their possible correlations with other clinical-biological parameters. @entity1 AND METHODS: The TPS was determined by means of an immunoradiometric assay (Beki Diagnostics. Sweden). Other parameters included in the study were the @entity172 receptors (ER), @entity1420 receptors (PR), @entity13770 , @entity10815 , @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ), @entity5 size, axillary lymph node involvement, distant metastases, histological grade, ploidy and S-phase. RESULTS: The TPS cytosolic levels ranged from 1.8 to 606.3 KU/mg prt. (median 110.2) and had a significant correlation with the ER (r: 0.721), PR (r: 0.287), @entity10815 (r: 0.550) and @entity3479 (r:0.436). The TPS positive (> 110.2 KU/mg prt.) @entity189 had higher levels of ER (p: 0.001), PR (p: 0.021), @entity13770 (p: 0.058), @entity10815 (p: 0.000) and @entity3479 (p: 0.053) than the TPS negative @entity5 . When the IDC were classified according to S-phase values, we observed that the positive cases (S-phase > 8.1%, which represents the median value of all @entity189 ) had lower levels of TPS (p: 0.046) than the negative @entity5 . Likewise, the GoG1 cellular fraction correlated positively and significantly with the TPS cytosolic levels (p: 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, we suggest that there is a positive correlation between the TPS cytosolic levels and hormone-dependence parameters, as well as an inverse correlation between these and the cellular proliferation parameters. Based on the above, we consider that it is worthwhile to carry out further studies on cytosolic TPS in order to investigate its possible value as a prognostic @entity0 .

title: [Study of the cytosolic concentrations of the tissue poly-peptide specific (TPS) antigen in infiltrating XXXX of the breast. Positive relationship with hormone dependency and negative with cellular proliferation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['parameter in breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinomas']


abstract: The life cycle of a species of @entity19 Eimeria, isolated from a commercial source of @entity19 is described using experimental infections. A pure strain was established starting from a single oocyst administered to Eimeria-free Swiss white @entity19 . The prepatent period was 6 1/2 to 7 days, and the patent period lasted 6 to 10 days. Oocysts were subspherical or ovoid, with a smooth double-layered colourless membrane. Micropila was absent. The sporulated oocysts measured 15.7-25.1 x 14.1-22.0 microns (X780 = 21.3 x 16.9 microns). One to 4 polar granules were present. The oocyst residuum was absent. Sporocysts were ellipsoid, measured 11.5 x 6.3 microns (n = 780), with Stieda body and a compact subspherical sporocyst residuum. The sporozoites were elongated, 17.7 x 3.2 microns (n = 100), partially curled around each other. The endogenous stages were found only in the large intestine, with at least 4 generations of schizonts. Mature 1st generation schizonts, first seen 24 @entity281 ( @entity281 ) measured 10.3 x 10.6 microns and had 8 to 25 merozoites 5.0-10.0 x 1.0-3.0 microns. Mature 2nd generation schizonts were first seen 48 @entity281 , measured 14.4 x 8.1 microns and had 8 to 20 merozoites 11.0-16.0 x 2.0-3.0 microns. Two forms of presumably 3rd generation schizonts appeared between 72 and 96 @entity281 : one measuring 13.9 x 8.5 microns, containing large merozoites (17.0-19.0 x 2.0-4.0 microns) and the other measuring 7.3 x 10.4 microns, where 6 to 10 merozoites (8.0-13.0 x 1.0-3.0 microns) were found. Fourth generation schizonts measuring 10.4 x 11.9 microns, with 26 a 48 or more merozoites (8.0-13.0 x 2.0-3.0 microns) were first seen at 132 @entity281 . Mature macro and microgamonts were first observed at 144 @entity281 . The sporulation of 72.0% of the oocysts in 2.0% (w/v) @entity24234 at 23-24 degrees C occurred in 9 days. Usually the infected @entity19 showed @entity308 , @entity448 , @entity353 , @entity294 or @entity2700 . The clinical picture w as more pronounced at 6 to 10 days @entity281 (DPI). Mortality was highest between the 8th and 13th DPI, with a peak at 9 DPI in groups which received 1.1 x 10(4) to 4.4 x 10(4) oocysts. Groups infected with 5.5 x 10(3), 8.8 x 10(4) or 1.76 x 10(5) oocysts showed different results. Epithelial destruction, @entity4 , @entity32 , necrotizing @entity1681 followed by glandular regeneration and realing were observed restricted to the large intestine. The isolated Eimeria was named E. falciformis var. pragensis based on its morphobiological characteristics.

title: [Morphobiology and pathogenicity of Eimeria falciformis var. pragensis Cerna, Seraud, Mehlhorn _ Scholtyseck, 1974 in XXXX ( @entity19 )].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dysentery, and dehydration']

entities_list: @entity24234 :: ('MESH:D011192', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPI', 'hr post-infection', 'post-infection']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: This study examined the variation in salivary @entity842 (NO), alpha-amylase ( @entity5475 ) and serum markers of @entity121 during 21 weeks of training in elite swimmers. Samples of saliva and blood were collected once a month during 5 months from 11 male professional athletes during their regular training season. The variation in each marker throughout the 21 weeks was compared with the dynamics of training volume, intensity and load. Unstimulated whole saliva was assessed for NO and @entity5475 whereas venous blood was assessed for @entity880 dehydrogenase, @entity908 kinase, and y-glutamyltransferase. @entity842 and @entity5475 showed a proportional response to the intensity of training. However, whereas the concentration of NO increased across the 21 weeks, the activity of @entity5475 decreased. Similar variations in the concentration of NO and the markers of @entity121 were also observed. The higher concentration of NO might be attributed to changes in haemodynamics and muscle regenerative processes. On the other hand, autonomic regulation towards parasympathetic predominance might have been responsible for the decrease in @entity5475 activity. These findings provide appealing evidence for the utilization of salivary constituents in sports medicine to monitor training programmes.

title: Salivary XXXX and alpha-amylase as indexes of training intensity and load.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']