abstract: We characterized @entity1812 (BK)-induced changes in the intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) and membrane potential in cultured @entity35 myenteric neurons using ratiometric @entity141 imaging with @entity593 and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, respectively. BK evoked a dose-dependent increase of [ @entity141 ]i that was abolished by @entity19616 , a B2 receptor antagonist but not by [Lys-des- @entity534 (9)]-BK, a B1 receptor antagonist. [Lys-des- @entity534 (9)]- @entity19616 , a B1 receptor agonist, failed to cause a [ @entity141 ]i response. Double staining with antibodies against the B2 receptor together with @entity4119 or S100 indicated that B2 receptors were expressed in neurons and glial cells. The BK-evoked [ @entity141 ]i increase was suppressed by @entity3352 , a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, and potentiated by @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ). The release of @entity1421 from cultured myenteric plexus cells was increased by BK. BK induced a large increase in [ @entity141 ]i in neurons when myenteric plexus cells were cultured at the high density but not at the low density, and caused a small increase in [ @entity141 ]i in neurons when proliferation of enteric glial cells was suppressed. BK evoked a slow and sustained depolarization in myenteric neurons, which was sensitive to @entity3352 . These results indicated that BK caused a [ @entity141 ]i increase and depolarization in @entity35 myenteric neurons through the activation of B2 receptors, which was partly associated with @entity1421 released from glial cells in response to BK. It is suggested that a neuron-glial interaction plays an important role in the effect of BK in the @entity35 myenteric plexus.

title: Involvement of @entity1421 derived from enteric glial cells in the action of @entity1812 in cultured XXXX myenteric neurons.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 with left @entity1057 following right hemisphere damage may show @entity2358 directed to targets on their affected side, in addition to their characteristic perceptual deficits. In this study we examined the extent to which visually guided movements made by neglect @entity1 are susceptible to interference from concurrent visual distractors on the contralesional or ipsilesional side of a designated target. Eleven right hemisphere @entity1 with visual neglect, plus 11 matched healthy controls, performed a double-step movement task upon a digitizing tablet, using their ipsilesional hand to respond. On each double-step trial the first component of the movement was cued to a common central target, whereas the second component was cued unpredictably to a target on either the contralesional or ipsilesional side. On separate trials lateral targets either appeared alone or together with a concurrent distractor in an homologous location in the opposite hemispace. In addition to being significantly slower and more error prone than controls, neglect @entity1 also exhibited a number of interference effects from ipsilesional distractors. They often failed to move to left targets in the presence of a right-sided distractor, or else they moved to the distractor itself rather than to a contralesional target. The initial accelerative phase of their movements to contralesional targets tended to be interrupted prematurely, and they spent significantly more time in the terminal guidance phase of movements to contralesional targets in the presence of an ipsilesional distractor. In contrast, contralesional distractors had little effect on @entity1 ' movements to ipsilesional targets. We conclude that right hemisphere damage induces a competitive bias that favors actions to ipsilesional targets. This bias affects multiple stages of processing within the visuomotor system, from initial programming through to the final stages of terminal guidance.

title: A kinematic analysis of distractor interference effects during visually guided action in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies in ipsilesional-limb movements']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['spatial neglect']

answer: @entity1057 :: (MESH:D058069,Disease) :: ['spatial neglect']


abstract: Up-regulation of @entity4155 in small intestinal mucosa has been reported in @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and in peripheral blood in @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). We explored mucosal @entity4155 immunity in different stages of @entity66 , including transglutaminase antibody (TGA)-positive @entity1 with potential @entity66 , @entity1 with untreated and gluten-free diet-treated @entity66 and in @entity1 with @entity1723 . Immunohistochemistry was used for identification of @entity4155 and @entity403 ( @entity403 )-positive cells and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for @entity4155 , @entity403 , @entity1968 -related orphan receptor ( @entity9908 and interferon (IFN)-y transcripts. @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity4155 were studied in supernatants from biopsy cultures. Expression of the apoptotic markers @entity589 and @entity588 was evaluated in @entity4155 -stimulated CaCo-2 cells. The mucosal expression of @entity4155 and @entity403 transcripts were elevated in individuals with untreated @entity66 when compared with the TGA-negative reference @entity1 , @entity1 with potential @entity66 or gluten-free diet-treated @entity1 with @entity66 (P < 0  005 for all @entity4155 comparisons and P < 0  01 for all @entity403 comparisons). The numbers of @entity4155 -positive cells were higher in lamina propria in @entity1 with @entity66 than in @entity1 with @entity1723 (P < 0  05). In biopsy specimens from @entity1 with untreated @entity66 , enhanced spontaneous secretion of @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity4155 was seen. Activation of anti-apoptotic @entity588 in @entity4155 -treated CaCo-2 epithelial cells suggests that @entity4155 might be involved in mucosal protection. Up-regulation of @entity4155 could, however, serve as a biomarker for the development of @entity194 .

title: Up-regulation of small intestinal interleukin-17 immunity in untreated @entity66 but not in potential XXXX or in @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['villous atrophy and active CD']

entities_list: @entity403 :: ('50943', 'Gene') :: ['FoxP3', 'forkhead box protein 3']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age-period-cohort analyses of US @entity0 mortality rates reveal an unexpected decrease in risk for @entity1 born after 1948. @entity9646 are thought to play an important role in the aetiology of @entity0 and female @entity5 , and thus the evaluation of birth-cohort trends for female @entity5 may shed light on the declining @entity0 risk among 'baby-boomers'. METHODS: Age-period-cohort analyses are applied to US mortality rates for @entity0 , @entity43 , @entity5 from 1950 through 1995. RESULTS: Age-period-cohort analyses provide no clues regarding the declining birth-cohort risk for @entity0 in 'baby-boomers'. The birth-cohort curves for @entity43 are roughly similar, and largely explained by known risk factors. The calendar-period curve for @entity1204 reveals increased risk between 1960 and 1980, probably due to increased use of @entity2931 replacement therapy. Changes in the birth-cohort curve for @entity5 reflect, for the most part, changes in sexual activity. An unexpected significant increase in the calendar-period curve for @entity43 occurred around 1980. CONCLUSION: Most of the major changes in the calendar-period and birth-cohort curves for @entity0 and female @entity5 can be explained by documented changes in known risk factors and in medical practice. The decreasing @entity0 birth-cohort risk among 'baby-boomers' and the increasing @entity43 calendar-period curve after 1980 are recent changes that require further investigation.

title: Age-period-cohort analyses of breast-, XXXX mortality rates for Caucasian @entity1 in the USA.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian-cancer', 'ovarian cancer', 'ovarian and endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity9646 :: ('MESH:D006728', 'Chemical') :: ['Hormones']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast-cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer and cervical cancer', 'gynaecologic cancers', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian-, endometrial- and cervical-cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Image cytometry has provided two highly sensitive markers for the identification of the malignant potential of @entity2784 . Aneuploidy and chromatin texture have been investigated as quantitative measures of nuclear damage in @entity5 . Real-time PCR methods have evolved to yield highly specific measurements of mRNA expression in very sparse cellular samples. METHODS: @entity1082 ) 16 and 18 E7 mRNA expression was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. DNA index and chromatin measures were taken from image cytology samples. The chromatin features, through discriminant analysis, were aggregated into a score, and both measurements were related to mRNA expression. RESULTS: mRNA level and DNA index show an increasing trend over increasing histological grades. However, DNA index and chromatin score were not correlated to mRNA levels in these samples. Chromatin score differed by mRNA type found with HPV 18 infected samples having a higher score than those with @entity1799 . Samples infected with @entity1799 and HPV 18 had even higher chromatin scores. CONCLUSIONS: DNA index and chromatin score were not directly correlated with mRNA levels. However both mRNA and DNA index were related to histological grade, and chromatin score was associated with HPV type. Therefore, DNA index and mRNA levels could be independent predictors of @entity3799 , and chromatin score could be related to the viral integration process in cells infected with HPV 18 or dual infections.

title: XXXX -related cellular changes measured by cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy and chromatin texture.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions and carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous lesions']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: The point mutation rate of a @entity19 @entity1778 virus (MuLV) genome ( @entity10272 ) was determined under conditions in which the number of replicative cycles was carefully controlled and the point mutation rate was determined by direct examination of the RNA genomes of progeny viruses. A clonal cell line infected at a low multiplicity of @entity281 (2 x 10(-3)) was derived to provide a source of virus with high genetic homogeneity. Virus stocks from this cell line were used to infect cells at a low multiplicity of @entity281 , and the cells were seeded soon after @entity281 to obtain secondary clonal cell lines. RNase T1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting analyses of virion RNAs from 93 secondary lines revealed only 3 base changes in nearly 130,000 bases analyzed. To obtain an independent assessment of the mutation rate, we directly sequenced virion RNAs by using a series of DNA oligonucleotide primers distributed across the genome. RNA sequencing detected no mutations in over 21,000 bases analyzed. The combined fingerprinting and sequencing analyses yielded a mutation rate for infectious progeny viruses of one base change per 50,000 (2 x 10(-5)) bases per replication cycle. Our results suggest that over 80% of infectious progeny MuLVs may be replicated with complete fidelity and that only a low percentage undergo more than one point mutation during a replication cycle. Previous estimates of retroviral mutation rates suggest that the majority of infectious progeny viruses have undergone one or more point mutations. Recent studies of the mutation rates of marker genes in @entity39 virus-based vectors estimate a base substitution rate lower than estimates for infectious avian retroviruses and nearly identical to our determinations with @entity10272 . The differences between mutation rates observed in studies of retroviruses may reflect the imposition of different selective conditions.

title: Direct determination of the point mutation rate of a XXXX retrovirus.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['spleen necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Five-year survival in @entity5 has been steadily improving since the introduction of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision surgery. In contrast, 5-year survival rates and management of @entity694 remain relatively unchanged. This study aims to identify poor prognostic factors in @entity694 @entity1 that could potentially be predicted pre-operatively to identify a subset of @entity1 amenable to neoadjuvant treatment strategies. METHODS: Database compilation of all operable rectal and @entity694 @entity1 presenting to a single district general hospital over 5 years. Data were documented on presentation and site of @entity5 , TNM staging, differentiation and extramural @entity3 . RESULTS: There was no significant difference in 4-year survival between rectal (57.5%) and right (57%) or left sided (52.5%) @entity694 (p=0.4689). On multivariate analysis, N2-stage, T4-stage and emergency presentation were identified as independent prognostic factors. On univariate analysis, in addition to the above factors, presence of @entity3 (p=0.001) and poor differentiation (p=0.0003) of @entity5 also predicted for poor 5-year survival. CONCLUSION: T4-stage and N2-stage and extramural @entity3 are poor prognostic factors that could be identified pre-operatively with suitably accurate imaging. Such @entity1 could then be considered for a pre-operative treatment strategy.

title: Predictive poor prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer', 'colonic cancers', 'colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['venous invasion']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic carcinoma']


abstract: For genetic counseling and predictive testing in families with @entity5344 , penetrances and expressions of the underlying mutations should be known. We have previously reported two @entity5345 founder mutations in the Norwegian population. Index cases for the present study were found two different ways: through a series of consecutive @entity43 (n=16) and through our family @entity5 clinic (n=14). Altogether, 20 of the @entity1 had @entity5345 @entity37337 , and 10 had @entity37338 . Their relatives were described with respect to absence/presence of @entity5344 . Of 133 living female relatives, 83 (62%) were tested for the presence of a mutation. No difference, in penetrance and expression, between the two mutations were found, whereas differences according to method of ascertainment were seen. The overall findings were that disease started to occur at age 30 years and that by age 50 years 48% of the mutation-carrying @entity1 had experienced @entity5344 . More @entity43 than @entity0 were recorded. Both penetrance and expression ( @entity0 vs. @entity43 ) were different from those in reports of the Ashkenazi founder mutations. Whether the reported differences reflect true differences and/or methodological problems is discussed. An observed excess of mutation carriers could not be accounted for by methodological problems; possible explanations were a "true" low penetrance or preferential segregation.

title: Penetrances of @entity5345 XXXX and @entity37338 with respect to @entity0 and @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and/or ovarian cancer', 'inherited breast-ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity37337 :: (c|DEL|1675|A,DNAMutation) :: ['1675delA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Etiologic and pathophysiologic role of functional bone marrow processes is not fully understood especially in the case of @entity170 . PURPOSE: To investigate the role of vascularization and diffusion in @entity35 models of @entity170 through a cross-correlation between non-invasive in-vivo imaging and invasive ex-vivo imaging of bone, bone marrow, and in particular of microcirculation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity170 was induced in @entity35 by combining ovariectomy (OVX) with @entity460 and @entity3875 deficiency, or with glucocorticoid ( @entity619 ). For comparison, controls underwent a sham surgery. In in-vivo investigations, animals (n = 36) were examined by volumetric CT (VCT) and MRI at 1, 3, or 12 months post surgery. Using VCT, bone morphology was monitored and relative bone density r within pelvis was extracted. With DCE-MRI and DW-MRI, parameters A (amplitude), Kep (exchange rate constant), and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) were acquired for regions of lumbar vertebrae, pelvis, and femur. In ex-vivo investigations, selective histological sections of pelvis were either stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (HE stain) for quantifying vessel size and density or immunostained for collagen IV and a-smooth muscle actin to assess vessel maturity ( @entity4574 /collagen IV ratio). RESULTS: After 12 months, decrease in DCE-MRI parameter Kep was found in all locations of @entity3604 @entity35 (strongest in femur and lumbar vertebrae) while no significant differences were seen for parameter A and DW-MRI parameter ADC. Furthermore, vessel rarefication and maturation were observed on the histological level in animals with @entity3604 phenotype. In particular in the pelvis, the @entity3604 individuals (irrespective of the @entity170 inducers applied) exhibited decreased Kep, significantly reduced vessel density, significantly increased vessel maturity, as well as statistically unaltered A, ADC, and vessel diameter. CONCLUSION: Changes in microcirculation but not diffusion in the bone marrow of @entity3604 @entity35 are detected by DCE-MRI and DW-MRI due to vessel rarefication and maturation.

title: Quantitative assessment of microcirculation and diffusion in the bone marrow of @entity3604 XXXX using VCT, DCE-MRI, DW-MRI, and histology.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were postulated to have important implication in progression and invasiveness of many @entity5 . On the other hand the biological role of @entity1476 in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) is not fully clear. Serum samples from 37 adult @entity1 with @entity3052 had been taken before chemotherapy was administered. In addition 20 out of the 37 @entity1 were analysed again after achieving complete remission (CR). Ten samples from healthy volunteers were evaluated as the control. Total @entity1476 levels were measured using ELISA Kit obtained from R_D system. @entity1476 serum levels were significantly lower in pretreatment @entity3052 @entity1 than that in the normal controls (p = 0.000) and in CR (p = 0.007). No significant correlations were detected between pretreatment sMMP-2 levels and @entity1334 subtypes, peripheral blood blast cell counts, peripheral blood WBCs, bone marrow blast cell counts or blast cell distribution ratio. The prognostic value of @entity1476 was evaluated by dividing @entity3052 @entity1 into high and low @entity1476 groups using the pretreatment median @entity1476 level of the @entity3052 group as the cut-off. The authors found that @entity1 in the high group survived for a significantly shorter time than those @entity1 in the lower @entity1476 group. High pretreatment levels of sMMP-2 among @entity3052 @entity1 were associated with poor survival. Prospective studies are recommended to establish the clinical value of longitudinal sMMP-2 measurement.

title: Prognostic relevance of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 in @entity3052 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disorders']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) administered i.v. or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) on arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and cardiac output were studied in the conscious @entity35 . Systemic injection of @entity1827 nmol/kg i.v.) increased dose-dependently MAP and @entity1168 . The doses of 0.3 and 1 nmol/kg produced initially transient @entity551 and @entity591 which were accompanied by a decrease in total peripheral resistance index (TPRI). Cardiac output was significantly reduced and TPRI increased during the pressor response to 0.3 and 1 nmol/kg @entity1827 . @entity1827 i.c.v. (30 pmol/kg) produced a profound pressor and vasoconstrictor response which was followed by @entity65 and @entity204 within 20 min after i.c.v. injection. Low doses (1 to 10 pmol/kg) of @entity1827 i.c.v. had no effect on the cardiovascular system. The present data are in accordance with the studies demonstrating biphasic blood pressure and heart rate responses to i.v. @entity1827 in the @entity35 . Profound cardiac depressor and peripheral vasoconstrictor responses were found to accompany the pressor phase. Our results also showed for the first time direct central pressor and vasoconstrictor effects of @entity1827 insinuating that endothelin might be a neuropeptide participating in the central cardiovascular control.

title: Hemodynamic effects of endothelin after systemic and central nervous system administration in the conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze use of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity1 with chronic primary diseases of both organs and for @entity1 with @entity3182 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Multiorgan transplantation service in a large university medical center. @entity1 : A total of 98 @entity1 underwent 99 CLKTs during a 16-year period; 76 had primary @entity8 , and 22 had @entity3182 . @entity1 receiving isolated liver and kidney transplants were analyzed for comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 and graft survival, rejection rates, and need for hemodialysis before and after transplantation. RESULTS: Overall @entity1 survival was 76%, 72%, and 70% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively; liver graft survival was 70%, 65%, and 65%; and kidney graft survival was 76%, 72%, and 70%. No risk factors analyzed for recipients or donors were associated significantly with early posttransplantation mortality or graft loss. In 28 @entity1 who received monoclonal antibody induction therapy with interleukin 2 blockers, there were significantly fewer episodes of acute liver rejection. For @entity1 with @entity3182 , @entity8 did not confer a survival advantage over liver-only transplantation (1-year @entity1 survival was 72% vs 66%; P = .88). The 1-year acute kidney rejection rate in the adult @entity8 group was 14% vs 23% in a 5-year cadaveric renal transplantation cohort (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: First, @entity8 is indicated in @entity1 with dual organ disease and achieves excellent results. Second, @entity8 for @entity3182 is indicated in @entity1 receiving hemodialysis for longer than 8 weeks and confers advantages in @entity1 survival and use of hospital resources. Third, the liver is immunoprotective for the kidney.

title: Long-term analysis of XXXX at a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CLKT', 'combined liver and kidney transplantation', 'renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['combined liver and kidney transplantation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a rare progressive case of @entity11 clinically masquerading as @entity2010 ( @entity2010 ). METHODS: We describe the clinical, radiographic, and laboratory findings of the study @entity1 and briefly review the relevant literature. RESULTS: A 41-year-old @entity1 was referred to our center for evaluation of worsening mental status changes, a newly diagnosed suprasellar mass, and possible endocrine dysfunction. Three years earlier, a physician at another institution diagnosed idiopathic @entity2010 and prescribed desmopressin. At that time, laboratory workup and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no @entity75 or other hormonal irregularities. Slow, progressive symptomatology in the following 3 years included mental status changes, nonhealing @entity272 , recurrent @entity281 , and midsection @entity1017 . She became @entity2777 and developed a @entity1316 , @entity2414 , poor concentration, and @entity25 . MRI revealed a 2.2 x 2.1 x 1.9-cm suprasellar region lesion. Biopsy samples from the third ventricular lesion revealed a circumscribed @entity5 . @entity11 is a rare @entity5 , and the 50 previously reported cases have been located in the suprasellar region. This is the third reported case of a @entity11 positive for neurofilament protein, which brings into question the hypothesis of a single phenotype for @entity5 . @entity5 in this region frequently result in endocrine dysfunction that prompts @entity1 to seek medical attention. CONCLUSIONS: There is no formally recognized treatment protocol for @entity11 , and postoperative mortality and morbidity is high. Our report emphasizes the necessity of close follow-up of @entity1 after a diagnosis of idiopathic @entity2010 . Early detection of any evolving @entity1640 may improve outcome.

title: XXXX , panhypopituitarism, and severe mental status deterioration in a @entity1 with @entity11 : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['occult hypothalamic-pituitary stalk lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'tumor', 'Tumors', 'glial tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['chordoid glioma', 'Chordoid glioma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections, temperature dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['flat affect']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawn and emotionally labile']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['short-term memory loss']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic diabetes insipidus', 'DI']

answer: @entity2010 :: (MESH:D003919,Disease) :: ['Diabetes insipidus']


abstract: Our objective was to investigate the plasma levels of brain and atrial natriuretic peptides ( @entity3876 and ANP, respectively) in @entity1 with @entity326 /severe @entity295 and to study the association of @entity3876 and ANP levels with hemodynamic parameters, severity of the disease, and prognosis of those @entity1 . This is a prospective case series study of 22 @entity1 with @entity326 , 11 @entity1 with severe @entity295 , and 20 healthy volunteers at the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Japan. Blood collection was performed on admission and on days 1, 2, and 4. Plasma @entity3876 and ANP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, and left @entity64 work index were determined using a thermodilution catheter. Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores were calculated. Plasma levels of @entity3876 and ANP were markedly elevated in @entity1 with @entity326 /severe @entity295 compared with controls ( @entity3876 , 7 +/- 0.3 pg mL; ANP, 13 +/- 1 pg mL). In @entity1 with @entity326 , both @entity3876 and ANP peaked on day 2 ( @entity3876 , 987 +/- 160 pg mL; ANP, 103 +/- 17 pg mL). Plasma levels of @entity3876 on day 2 in @entity1 with @entity326 significantly correlated with right atrial pressure (r = 0.744, P < 0.01), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r = 0.670, P < 0.01), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (r = 0.709, P < 0.01), left @entity64 work index (r = -0.552, P < 0.05), Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (r = 0.581, P < 0.01), and poor prognosis (P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff point for predicting mortality in @entity1 with @entity326 was a @entity3876 level of 650 pg mL on day 2, in which sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 80%, respectively. Increased plasma levels of @entity3876 may reflect not only the severity of @entity296 but also the disease severity and could be of prognostic value in @entity1 with @entity326 .

title: Prognostic value of increased plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide in XXXX with @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial depression']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Background. Data concerning frequency of @entity89 ( @entity89 ) are mostly based on single center experiences. @entity1 and Methods. Since 2005 a multidisciplinary study group collected data of cases of @entity89 in @entity1 treated with @entity171 (BP) and observed in oncology and hematology centers of a regional network. Results. By December 2008, 221 cases were registered. We report details of 200 cases, identified after cross-checking reports from centres of medical oncology, haematology, and oral care. Primary @entity5 was @entity0 (39%), @entity1582 (32%), @entity263 (16%), and other types of @entity5 (8%). In about 50% of the cases a history of dental extraction was present. @entity4381 was administered (alone or with other BP) to 178 @entity1 (89%). Median time from first infusion to @entity89 diagnosis was 21.0 ( @entity4381 only) and 39.0 months ( @entity5279 only). The number of @entity89 cases per year was 3 in 2003, 21 in 2004, 58 in 2005, 60 in 2006, 37 in 2007, and 21 in 2008. Conclusion. The number of new @entity89 cases in @entity5 and @entity1582 @entity1 increased until 2006 and then reduced. The possible reasons of this trend (introduction of @entity4381 ; increase of @entity89 awareness; diffusion of preventive dental measures; late modifications of BP prescription) are herein discussed.

title: Decreasing frequency of osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer and XXXX @entity1 treated with @entity171 : the experience of the oncology network of piedmont and aosta valley (north-Western Italy).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis of Jaws', 'ONJ']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid', 'Zoledronic acid']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare @entity282 between the open tension-free plug and patch (PP) technique and the totally extraperitoneal patch (TEP) hernioplasty. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-four male @entity1 with @entity169 were randomized to undergo PP and TEP from 2005 to 2009. @entity158 assessment was conducted using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire preoperatively, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. All @entity1 received the same analgesic regimen and documented @entity158 in a NRS-based 4-week diary. RESULTS: Of the 154 @entity1 77 underwent TEP and 77 PP. Median follow-up was 3.8 years. One recurrent hernia was observed in the TEP and two in the PP group (p = 0.56). Median preoperative NRS scores were 2 and 2, 0.3 and 0.4 at 6 months, 0.1 and 0.3 at 12 months, 0.2 and 0.1 at 24 months postoperatively in the PP and @entity25288 groups, respectively (p > 0.05). Data from the 4-week @entity158 diaries revealed significant differences in @entity158 intensity between the two different techniques from the second postoperative week (p < 0.05). @entity1 in the PP group required more additional analgesics on day four and five postoperatively (p = 0.037 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our data favor the TEP technique concerning @entity282 as primary endpoint between @entity547 repair.

title: Prospective, randomized-controlled trial comparing XXXX after plug and patch open repair with totally extraperitoneal @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['tension-free PP and TEP hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: @entity1913 of the renal vascular pedicle occur infrequently. The experience with fourteen cases of blunt @entity8 is presented. Most @entity1 were injured in motor vehicle accidents. The diagnosis was made immediately after admission in 6 @entity1 , delayed in 5, and at autopsy in 3. Most @entity1 presented with gross or microscopic @entity811 . The diagnosis of @entity8 was suggested by IVP in most instances. Surgical management was used in the 6 @entity1 in whom the immediate diagnosis of @entity8 was made; primary vascular repair was carried out in 4 @entity1 and nephrectomy in two. Conservative management was used in 4 of the 5 @entity1 with delayed diagnosis, and nephrectomy was required in the fifth. Three @entity1 received no treatment as two were dead on arrival and one die during laparotomy. Seven @entity1 died (50%). One of the 7 survivors has a functioning kidney following repair of a @entity8 . Three @entity1 with devascularized kidneys have been followed long term and have not developed @entity101 . An IVP should be mandatory following severe @entity130 , especially when @entity811 is present. Renal arteriography is indicated with distortion of calyces, extravasation or nonfunction seen on IVP and allows a @entity8 to be made.

title: Renal artery and XXXX following @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vascular injury', 'renal vascular trauma', 'definitive diagnosis of renal vessel injury', 'renal pedicle injury', 'renal vein laceration']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['Blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['vein injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a number of @entity1 with treated primary @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) a second @entity5 will be diagnosed. Our experience with surgery in these @entity1 was analyzed and possible prognostic parameters were defined. METHODS: @entity1 with metachronous @entity1149 (n = 127) who underwent resection from 1970 through 1997 were analyzed. All @entity5 were classified postsurgically. Median interval between the @entity5 was 3.7 years. Actuarial survival time was estimated and risk factors influencing survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Overall 5-year survival after the first resection was 70% and after the second resection was 26%. @entity1 with stage IA of the second @entity5 did have a significantly better survival (p < 0.005) as compared with @entity1 with higher staged second primaries. Stage of second @entity5 and age were significant predictors of survival, whereas stage of first @entity5 , interval between resections, histology, and type of resection were not. CONCLUSIONS: Survival of @entity1 with metachronous @entity1149 and resection of both @entity5 is high, but poorer than after resection of the first @entity5 . Irrespective of the interval, @entity1 with stage IA second @entity5 may benefit more from pulmonary resection.

title: Survival after resection of metachronous @entity1149 in 127 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically, the literature suggests that African Americans with @entity1032 are diagnosed with @entity914 at a higher rate and receive higher doses of antipsychotic medications than other racial groups. However, few studies have compared clinical characteristics and quality of life among African-American (AA) and white @entity1 and @entity1 . Thus, research is needed to examine potential race and gender differences in clinical characteristics, prescribing practices, and quality of life. METHODS: This exploratory, hypothesis-generating study examined current and past diagnoses, current pharmacotherapy, failed psychotropic medications, and quality of life among 23 AA and 31 white @entity1 and @entity1 receiving outpatient treatment for @entity716 . RESULTS: @entity308 were common complaints in the sample, yet only a third of the patients received antidepressants. We found that AA @entity1 received an antidepressant for @entity308 symptoms less often, received higher antipsychotic doses, and rated their overall quality of life as poorer than any other group. White @entity1 and AA @entity1 had a history of more years of @entity1032 and had experienced 57% and 69% more psychotropic medication failures, respectively, than AA @entity1 or white @entity1 . Quality of life scores were significantly related to years of @entity1032 , number of past diagnoses, and number of failed medications. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that clinicians could significantly enhance prognostic outcomes in outpatients with @entity914 by routinely re-evaluating depressive symptomatology and prescribing practices and considering adding psychosocial interventions to avert deterioration in quality of life. Further investigation of race and gender differences in quality of life and satisfaction as a function of diagnoses and treatment is warranted.

title: Race- and gender-related differences in clinical characteristics and quality of life among outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression and psychotic depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The C3 complement component (C3c) is increasingly recognized as a cardiometabolic risk factor, but how it is affected after @entity353 through gastric bypass is a question yet to be answered. METHODS: A total of 66 @entity28 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass. Anthropometric parameters, total @entity165 (TC), @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165  (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDLc), @entity413 , insulin, HOMA-IR, liver enzymes, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and C3c levels were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 5  years post-surgery. RESULTS: All anthropometric and biochemical parameters improved significantly after surgery, although a deterioration was detected with respect to the percentage of excess of @entity353 , insulin, TC, LDLc, and @entity880 dehydrogenase 5  years post-surgery. Despite this, a remission rate of 84  % was observed in the presence of @entity209 after 5  years follow-up. hsCRP and C3c were reduced significantly after surgery and maintained throughout the experimental period. In addition, C3c was correlated with BMI and insulin at all time points. The multivariate regression model, in which C3c was a dependent variable, revealed that @entity5906 aminotransferase and BMI were independent variables at baseline, alkaline phosphatase and insulin were independent at 1  year post-surgery, and insulin, BMI, and TC were independent at 5  years post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: C3c may be a marker of the chronic inflammatory process underlying insulin resistance. Its association with BMI and liver enzymes supports a major role in metabolic activity, although future research is needed to clarify the nature of the molecular mechanisms involved and the physiological significance of these findings.

title: Short- and Long-Term Effects of Weight Loss on the Complement Component C3 After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass in Obese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIMS: Death of a spouse from acute @entity583 ( @entity580 ) presents hardship, yet few studies have investigated the psychological consequences of fatal and non-fatal @entity580 on spouses. METHODS AND RESULTS: Several Danish national registries were linked to identify individuals whose spouses had a fatal or non-fatal @entity580 . Married @entity1 with fatal or non-fatal @entity580 (1997-2008) were matched with their counterparts dying or hospitalized with a non- @entity580 cause; incident use of antidepressants and @entity1245 , incident @entity308 care, and suicides were compared pre- and post-event using Poisson models. Overall, 16 506 spouses of individuals dying of @entity580 were matched with 49 518 spouses of individuals dying of a non- @entity580 cause. Similarly, 44 566 spouses of individuals with a non-fatal @entity580 were matched with 131 563 spouses of individuals with a non-fatal, @entity580 . Those whose spouse died of @entity580 (compared with a non- @entity580 cause) had increased antidepressant and @entity1245 use [peak incidence rate ratio (IRR) 5.7 vs. 3.3, and 46.4 vs. 13.0, respectively; P< 0.001]. Those whose spouse had a non-fatal @entity580 (compared with a @entity580 ) had increased risk for antidepressant and @entity1245 initiation (IRR 1.5 vs. 1.1, and 6.7 vs. 1.3, respectively, P< 0.001). Spouses of fatal @entity580 @entity1 also had an increased risk of @entity308 and suicide. Male individuals whose spouse had a fatal or non-fatal @entity580 had a relatively higher increased risk of @entity308 than female individuals. CONCLUSION: Spouses of those who experience AMIs-both fatal and non-fatal-are at elevated risk for psychological consequences; therefore, the care needs of @entity580 @entity1 and their spouses need to be considered.

title: Spousal @entity308 , anxiety, and suicide after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['non-AMI hospitalization', 'AMI']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: A 28-day repeated oral dose @entity137 study of @entity1301 (NP) was performed for an international validation of the 'Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407' paying particular attention to the sensitivity of individual endocrine-related parameters. @entity35 , each group consisting of ten males and ten females, were administered NP once daily by gavage at doses of 0 (control), 10, 50, or 250 mg/kg body weight. At 250 mg/kg, three females died or became moribund during the experiment. At this dose, hepatic and @entity8 was evident in both sexes with @entity409 as well as histopathological changes, such as centrilobular liver cell @entity1184 and a variety of @entity8 , and alteration of serum biochemical parameters, some of them being evident from 50 mg/kg in females ( @entity413 and inorganic @entity6546 ). Hematologically, development of @entity417 was evident at 250 mg/kg in both sexes. Regarding endocrine-related effects, increase of thyroid weight in males was detected from 50 mg/kg. At 250 mg/kg, males exhibited reduction of relative weights of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles, and females developed irregular estrous cyclicity and @entity33 . Although changes in serum hormone levels were detected in both sexes, magnitude of the changes was small to be regarded as a low toxicological significance. In summary, repeated oral doses of NP to @entity35 for 28 days resulted in @entity8 from 50 mg/kg and @entity417 at 250 mg/kg. Effects on the endocrine system were observed from 50 mg/kg, and assessment of weights and histopathology of endocrine-related organs and estrous cyclicity may be valid in a battery for detecting endocrine effects of NP. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of NP was estimated to be 10 mg/kg per day.

title: A repeated 28-day oral dose XXXX study of @entity1301 in @entity35 , based on the 'Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407' for screening of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity', 'renal tubular lesions', 'hepato-renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['increase of relative liver and kidney weights']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal mucosal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1301 :: ('MESH:C025256', 'Chemical') :: ['nonylphenol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade basement membranes and connective tissue and play an essential role in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix which is disrupted by the deposition of amyloid. This immunohistochemical study investigated the distribution pattern of matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity3334 ) and their inhibitors [ @entity5843 ( @entity5843 ), @entity2843 , and @entity1552 ] in @entity1 AA- and @entity527 . Specimens of liver, kidney, and spleen from 22 autopsy cases were investigated. Nine @entity1 had suffered from generalized @entity2783 , eight from generalized @entity1582 , and five from @entity309 or @entity378 with no histological evidence of amyloid. In all amyloidotic and non-amyloidotic @entity1 , each protease and protease inhibitor was detected in almost every organ investigated. In the amyloidotic cases, there was no indication that a specific protease or protease inhibitor was absent or expressed, but a difference was observed in their spatial distribution patterns. The most noticeable difference was found in immunostaining of amyloid. Only @entity17944 , and @entity5843 were present in @entity527 , and only @entity2843 and @entity1552 were found in deposits of @entity1582 . This is the first study to show that @entity17944 are present in @entity527 . They may be involved in tissue remodeling or in proteolysis of the precursor and fibril proteins.

title: Distribution pattern of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3, and 9, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and @entity5843 in cases of generalized AA- and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin', 'alpha 2-M']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloid deposits', 'AA amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AA amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'AL amyloid']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP)-1']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['AL amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously described a composite MRI scale combining T1-lesions, T2-lesions and whole @entity1010 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ): the magnetic resonance disease severity scale (MRDSS). OBJECTIVE: Test strength of the MRDSS vs. individual MRI measures for sensitivity to longitudinal change. METHODS: We studied 84 @entity15 @entity1 over a 3.2  0.3 year follow-up. Baseline and follow-up T2-lesion volume (T2LV), T1-hypointense lesion volume (T1LV), and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) were measured. MRDSS was the combination of standardized T2LV, @entity6493 ratio and BPF. RESULTS: @entity1 had higher MRDSS at follow-up vs. baseline (p<0.001). BPF decreased (p<0.001), @entity6493 increased (p<0.001), and T2LV was unchanged (p>0.5). Change in MRDSS was larger than the change in MRI subcomponents. While MRDSS showed significant change in relapsing-remitting (RR) (p<0.001) and secondary progressive (SP) phenotypes (p<0.05), BPF and @entity6493 ratio changed only in RRMS (p<0.001). Longitudinal change in MRDSS was significantly different between RRMS and SPMS (p=0.0027); however, change in the individual MRI components did not differ. Evaluation with respect to predicting on-study clinical worsening as measured by EDSS revealed a significant association only for T2LV (p=0.038). CONCLUSION: Results suggest improved sensitivity of MRDSS to longitudinal change vs. individual MRI measures. MRDSS has particularly high sensitivity in RRMS.

title: Magnetic resonance disease severity scale (MRDSS) for XXXX with @entity15 : a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An outbreak of acute @entity1902 occurred in September 2006 in a boarding school in eastern Austria. Of 113 cases, 101 were hospitalised. In order to identify the outbreak source, a retrospective cohort study on the group at risk was performed, including 222 pupils and 30 staff members. Food exposure in the canteen of the school was identified as the most relevant common link among the cases in the case series investigation. Although the preliminary microbiological investigation made @entity281 possible, an in-depth descriptive epidemiological investigation later pointed to food intoxication rather than a viral infection as the cause of the outbreak. The analytical epidemiological investigation implicated boiled @entity579 and @entity1573 wings served in the canteen as the most likely source of the outbreak. @entity794 was identified as the causative agent. Further molecular characterisation revealed that the predominant @entity794 type in this outbreak was a new spa type, t2046. The same spa type was isolated from stool specimens of the majority of the cases investigated, from samples of the incriminated boiled @entity579 , and also from a swab of a palmar @entity272 of one of the healthy kitchen workers, who is therefore the most likely source of contamination. This outbreak underlines again the importance of compliance with the basic guidelines for kitchen hygiene.

title: Outbreak of acute XXXX in an Austrian boarding school, September 2006.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Norovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity64 with @entity5 occasionally occurs, the mechanisms of @entity64 in such cases have not been investigated in detail. OBJECTIVE: To examine the mechanisms of @entity64 with @entity5 , particularly in relation to @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 within 24 h of @entity64 onset were prospectively studied. Contrast saline transcranial Doppler examination was carried out for all @entity1 , to investigate the presence of @entity1002 . When @entity1 with @entity64 had @entity1002 , @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 was assessed to diagnose paradoxical @entity999 . RESULTS: @entity1 comprised 184 consecutive @entity1 (115 @entity1 and 69 @entity1 ) with a mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of 73 (11.8) years and mean (SD) National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score of 8 (7.4). @entity1002 was detected in 32 of 184 (18%) @entity1 . Malignancy was present in 11 (5%) @entity1 . @entity1002 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity5 than in @entity1 without @entity5 (55% v 15%, respectively; p = 0.001). All six @entity1 with @entity1002 and @entity5 displayed @entity1150 with severe disability (modified Rankin Scale 4-5) before @entity64 onset. CONCLUSION: Paradoxical @entity999 should be considered to be an important mechanism in @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity5 .

title: XXXX with @entity5 may often be caused by paradoxical embolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['brain embolism']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT or pulmonary embolism', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['right-to-left shunt', 'RLS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic stroke']


abstract: @entity3645 are implicated as aetiological factors in many types of @entity1820 including @entity201 ( @entity201 ). Alterations in @entity6741 concentrations may affect the pathogenesis of these different types of @entity5 . Our aim was to determine the @entity6741 profile in gallbladder bile from @entity1 who underwent liver resection. Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity201 , 5 with @entity157 , and 7 with @entity253 were studied. High pressure liquid chromatography was used to analyze conjugated and unconjugated @entity3645 . @entity201 @entity1 with low ( <= 2 mg/dl) and high (>2 mg/dl) levels of total serum @entity648 had significantly higher total @entity6741 and conjugated @entity6741 concentrations than the benign biliary disease group. Markedly elevated levels of cholic and @entity10140 were found in @entity201 cases with high levels of total serum @entity648 . Concentrations of total @entity3645 and primary @entity6741 were correlated with serum @entity165 , @entity648 and @entity3064 in @entity201 . Notably, correlation of the carcinoembryonic antigen, a @entity5 marker, was found with level of total @entity3645 and @entity10140 . These findings suggest a different pattern of @entity6741 concentration in @entity5 @entity1 compared to @entity1 with @entity253 . Thus, accumulation of certain @entity3645 may be involved in @entity105 .

title: Identification of biliary XXXX in @entity1 with @entity253 , @entity157 and @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'CCA']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract cancer']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['benign biliary diseases']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: Salivary glands, although widely considered as typically exocrine, may also release specific proteins in an endocrine manner. However, endocrine release of salivary gland proteins is not generally acknowledged since the evidences are not easily demonstrable. Submandibular salivary glands (SMG) of male @entity329 express male-specific secretory proteins (MSP; which are lipocalins) visible in @entity214 -PAGE of SMG extracts, as major bands and also detectable in immunoblots of whole-saliva and urine as low MSP crossreactions. We report here that MSP is localized in acinar cells of SMG and acute treatment with @entity3044 ( @entity4856 ; non-specific b1/b2-adrenergic agonist) results in considerable release of MSP in SMG-saliva. Moreover, acute IPR treatment markedly depletes SMG-MSP in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, MSP depleted from SMG, far exceeds that recovered in SMG-saliva. Blood, submandibular lymph nodes and kidney of IPR-treated males showed MSP crossreactions and @entity214 -PAGE of their urine revealed profuse MSP excretion; this was undetectable in IPR-treated-SMG-ablated males, confirming that a substantial amount of MSP depleted from SMG after IPR treatment enters circulation and is excreted in urine. Treatments with specific b1- or b2-adrenergic agonists also reduced SMG-MSP levels and resulted in copious urinary excretion of MSP. Co-treatments with specific b1/b2-blockers indicated that above effects of IPR, b1- and even b2-agonists are very likely mediated by b1-adrenoceptors. MSP's detection by @entity214 -PAGE in urine after b-agonist treatment is a compelling and easily demonstrable evidence of release into circulation of a salivary gland protein. The possible means (endocrine-like or otherwise) of MSP's release into circulation and significance of its presence in saliva, blood and urine of male hamsters are discussed.

title: Copious urinary excretion of a male @entity329 ( XXXX ) salivary gland protein after its endocrine-like release upon b-adrenergic stimulation.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Mesocricetus auratus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) on phosphorylated @entity2508 (pERK1/2) in the dorsal horn of spinal cord induced by @entity32 in the @entity35 . METHODS: All the @entity35 were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, simple electroacupuncture group, @entity406 group, @entity406 plus ipsilateral electroacupuncture group and @entity406 plus contralateral electroacupuncture group. The acute @entity32 animal model was made by injection of 100 microL of 4% @entity406 into the right posterior foot pad. Electroacupuncture was given at "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 30 min, with sparse-dense waves, frequency 2-15 Hz, and intensity 2-3 mA. One and a half hours latter, the @entity35 were killed under anesthesia, and pERK1/2 expression in the lumbar dorsal horn were investigated with immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: The positive cells were rarely seen (6.45 +/- 1.05) in the superficial spinal cord in the control group; a few cells (14.07 +/- 3.19) in ipsilateral superficial spinal cord were found in the electroacupuncture group. The number of pERK1/2-positive neurons (26.57 +/- 4.93) in lamina I - II0 of the ipsilateral dorsal horn in the @entity406 group increased significantly. After electroacupuncture at ipsilateral Zusanli (ST 36), the number of positive cells (20.79 +/- 5.21) had a tendency to decrease, but with no statistically significant difference. However, after electroacupuncture at contralateral Zusanli (ST 36), the number of positive cells (14.75 +/- 3.03) significantly decreased as compared with the non-acupuncture group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The inhibition of @entity2508 phosphorylation in the spinal cord dorsal horn by electroacupuncture is possibly involved in acupuncture analgesic effect.

title: [Effects of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on XXXX phosphorylation in the dorsal horn of spinal cord of the @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'plantar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['ERK1/2', 'extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

answer: @entity2508 :: (50689;116590,Gene) :: ['ERK1/2']


abstract: @entity158 is one of the most common reasons for @entity1 to seek medical care. In most settings, the model of acute @entity158 treatment, with its emphasis on pharmacological therapy, is used for acute and @entity1118 alike. Persistent @entity1118 , however, often leads to complex social and @entity458 , as well as substantial direct and indirect costs. Thus, the proper treatment of @entity1118 usually involves pharmacological, behavioural and psychological interventions. @entity158 is a subjective sensation, but persistent @entity1118 often results in long term neurophysiological and psychological changes that might be more appropriately considered disease manifestations. Unfortunately, the subjectivity of @entity158 has meant that the assessment of the epidemiology, pharmacotherapy and economic costs of @entity1118 has been difficult. As a result, many of the techniques for @entity1118 management are unfamiliar to practising physicians. Even those healthcare professionals who are familiar with the special techniques for the management of @entity1118 may be unable to identify the subpopulations for which they might be most effective. The clinician must evaluate @entity1 for the appropriateness of a number of alternative drug delivery methods, novel analgesic agents, neuromodulatory techniques and multidisciplinary behavioural and psychological treatment programmes. The most effective treatment will often involve a combination of these techniques, as determined by the unique features of the @entity1 's @entity158 as well as individual @entity1 characteristics. The costs and outcomes of various treatment strategies vary considerably and there is a need for comparative studies. Increasing emphasis on diagnosis and treatment in the primary care setting will place more importance on knowing the relative efficacies and appropriate use of a widening array of choices for @entity1118 treatment. The management of @entity1118 is remarkably complex and resource-intensive, and there is clearly a need for more intensive pharmacoeconomic studies, especially those comparing the many alternative strategies for management.

title: Pharmacoeconomics of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological maladaptations']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain condition', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['nonmalignant pain']


abstract: The aim of this investigation was to compare inhaled @entity4184 vs oral @entity229 in the maintenance phase treatment of @entity10070 . Double-blind controlled study was performed in 40 @entity1 with stage II or III @entity10070 . After initial systemic 6 weeks treatment with @entity229 (40 reduced to 20 mg daily) @entity1 were allocated either to systematically (P) or topically (B) treated group. P @entity1 continued with 10 mg @entity229 daily, B @entity1 were given inhaled @entity4184 1.6 mg daily. The progress of treatment was assessed by serial radiography, spirometry, serum ACE activity and plasma @entity701 levels. All @entity1 completed the 12 months treatment. Using a numerical score to assess changes on the chest radiograms P @entity1 improved by 1.7 +/- 0.66 points; B @entity1 improved by 1.15 +/- 0.81 points. Spirometric changes were insignificant. Serum ACE fell from 107 +/- 51 U/L in the P group and 92 +/- 40 U/L in the B group to 46 +/- 11 U/L and 38 +/- 21 U/L respectively during the initial phase of treatment. In the maintenance phase ACE levels remained lower than initial ones in both groups. Morning @entity701 plasma levels studied in 10 @entity1 (5 in each group) decreased significantly during the initial phase. Thereafter @entity701 levels remained low in the P @entity1 returning to the lower limit of normal values in the B @entity1 . We conclude that inhaled @entity4184 may be a safe and effective alternative to oral @entity230 in the maintenance treatment of @entity10070 especially in the early, stage II, disease.

title: [Comparison of the effectiveness of @entity4184 and @entity229 in the maintenance treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Door-to-balloon (D2B) time is an important factor in the outcome of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. We aimed to use failure mode and effect analysis to reduce the D2B time for @entity1 with @entity583 and to improve clinical outcomes. METHODS: There were three stages in this study. In Stage 0, data collected from 2005-2006 was used to identify failures in the process, and during Stage 2 (2007) and Stage 3 (2008) the efficacy of intrahospital and interhospital strategies to reduce the D2B time were evaluated. This study enrolled 385 @entity1 ; 86 from 2005-2006; 80 in 2007; and 219 in 2008. RESULTS: By making improvements in these steps, the median D2B time was reduced from 146 min to 32 min for all @entity1 . The proportion of @entity1 with a D2B time of <90 min significantly increased from Stage 0 to Stage 1 and from Stage 1 to Stage 2, for all @entity1 as well as for the non-transferred and transferred subgroups of @entity1 (all p values <0.0001). For non-transferred @entity1 , only reinfarction-free survival showed significant difference among the three stages (p=0.0225), and for transferred @entity1 , only overall survival showed significant difference among the three stages (p=0.0322). Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis showed Stage 2 was associated with a lower risk of reinfarction and mortality compared with Stage 0. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that failure mode and effect analysis is a powerful method for identifying weaknesses in D2B processes and evaluating strategies to reduce the D2B time.

title: The effect of failure mode and effect analysis on reducing percutaneous coronary intervention hospital door-to-balloon time and mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: Developing a reliable and quantitative assessment of the potential virulence of a @entity5 has been a long-standing goal in clinical cytometry. DNA histogram analysis provides valuable information on the cycling activity of a @entity5 population through S-phase estimates; it also identifies nondiploid populations, a possible indicator of genetic instability and subsequent predisposition to @entity3 . Because of conflicting studies in the literature, the clinical relevance of both of these potential prognostic markers has been questioned for the management of @entity0 @entity1 . The purposes of this study are to present a set of 10 adjustments derived from a single large study that optimizes the prognostic strength of both DNA ploidy and S-phase and to test the validity of this approach on two other large multicenter studies. Ten adjustments to both DNA ploidy and S-phase were developed from a single @entity0 database from Baylor College (n = 961 cases). Seven of the adjustments were used to reclassify histograms into low-risk and high-risk ploidy patterns based on aneuploid fraction and DNA index optimum thresholds resulting in prognostic P values changing from little (P < 0.02) or no significance to P < 0.000005. Other databases from Sweden (n = 210 cases) and France (n = 220 cases) demonstrated similar improvement of DNA ploidy prognostic significance, P < 0.02 to P < 0.0009 and P < 0.12 to P < 0.002, respectively. Three other adjustments were applied to diploid and aneuploid S-phases. These adjustments eliminated a spurious correlation between DNA ploidy and S-phase and enabled them to combine independently into a powerful prognostic model capable of stratifying @entity1 into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups (P < 0.000005). When the Baylor prognostic model was applied to the Sweden and French databases, similar significant @entity1 stratifications were observed (P < 0.0003 and P < 0.00001, respectively). The successful transference of the Baylor prognostic model to other studies suggests that the proposed adjustments may play an important role in standardizing this test and provide valuable prognostic information to those involved in the management of @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Optimizing flow cytometric DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction as independent prognostic markers for XXXX specimens.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['node-negative breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['node-negative breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term clinical outcome of using a @entity11608 implant in combination with bone grafting for the treatment of @entity2530 of the femoral head. METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 with 94 osteonecrotic hips were treated with this method from March 2006 to March 2011. All the @entity1 were treated with @entity11608 rod implantation in combination with bone grafting, and were followed for an average 35.4 months. Harris hip score and the survival rate were analyzed according to stage, etiology, and @entity2530 part. RESULTS: @entity1 with stage I and stage II diseases had significant greater Harris hip score improvement than @entity1 having @entity5 (p < .05). The survival rate was also significantly higher in @entity1 with stage I and stage II diseases than in @entity1 having @entity5 (p < .05). @entity1 with type A and type B @entity39 had better recovery than @entity1 with type @entity6746 having lateral column lesions (p < .05). No significant differences were detected in the clinical outcome among @entity1 with different etiologies. CONCLUSION: Combined @entity11608 implant with bone grafting provided good short-term clinical outcomes for early stage I and stage II @entity1 with type A and type B @entity39 . However, this treatment modality was not so effective for @entity1 with stage III or type @entity6746 @entity39 .

title: Combined XXXX implant with bone grafting for the treatment of @entity2530 of the femoral head.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity11608 :: (MESH:D013635,Chemical) :: ['tantalum']


abstract: Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute @entity137 of the aqueous infusion and ethanolic maceration extracts of the aerial parts of Zataria multiflora Boiss were studied in @entity19 and rats. Antinociceptive activity was done using hot-plate and writhing tests. The effect of the extracts against acute @entity32 was studied by vascular permeability increased by @entity1543 and @entity11574 induced ear @entity4 in @entity19 . The activity of the extracts against chronic @entity32 was assessed by the @entity2708 pellet test in @entity35 . LD50 of the infusion and maceration extract was 3.85 and 3.47 g/kg, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection of both extracts in @entity19 showed significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity. @entity1510 , an opioid antagonist, pretreatment inhibited the antinociceptive activity of the extracts. The extracts exhibited antinociceptive activity against @entity1543 induced writhing which was partially blocked by @entity1510 . Both extracts did not show remarkable activity against acute @entity32 induced by @entity1543 in @entity19 . In the xylene ear @entity4 , Z. multiflora Boiss extracts showed significant activity in @entity19 . In the chronic @entity32 the efficacy of the extracts was more than in acute @entity32 . It is concluded that aqueous infusion and maceration of the aerial parts of Z. multiflora Boiss have antinociceptive effect and this may be mediated by opioid receptors. The extracts showed also anti-inflammatory effect against @entity32 .

title: Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute @entity137 effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss extracts in XXXX and @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential bidirectional relationships between severity of @entity308 across early childhood. METHODS: @entity1 (N = 216) from the New York, NY, metropolitan area were recruited when they were aged 3 to 4 years (T1) and studied again at age 6 (T2) and 7 (T3) years. @entity1 inattention symptoms were measured using the Kiddie-Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 for School-Aged @entity1 -Present and Lifetime, along with both parent and teacher reports on the Behavior Assessment System for @entity1 , Second Edition (BASC-2). Severity of @entity1 @entity308 was assessed at each time point using parent and teacher reports on the BASC-2. After examining correlations between @entity1 @entity308 , structural equation modeling was used to investigate whether @entity1 inattention was longitudinally related to @entity1 @entity308 , and whether @entity1 @entity308 symptoms were associated with later @entity1 inattention. RESULTS: Severity of @entity1 inattention at T1 and T2 was longitudinally associated with increased severity of @entity1 @entity308 at T2 and T3, respectively. Early @entity1 @entity308 was not longitudinally associated with later @entity1 inattention. CONCLUSION: @entity1 inattention is a risk factor for increased levels of @entity1 @entity308 . Pediatricians and clinicians who assess @entity1 's inattention symptoms also need to investigate symptoms of @entity308 . This study makes a case for treating @entity1 's inattention symptoms at preschool and early childhood, before emotional problems become more severe.

title: Inattention symptoms predict level of XXXX in early childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'inattention and depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 age substantially influences treatment decisions for @entity1756 . It would be useful to understand national age-related trends of treatment techniques and outcomes in @entity1 treated for @entity1756 in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we evaluated trends in treatment technique (clipping versus coiling) and discharge status of @entity1 undergoing clipping or coiling of @entity1756 between 2001 and 2009. Outcomes were evaluated in relation to 4 age strata: 1) younger than 50 years of age, 2) 50-64 years of age, 3) 65-79 years of age, and 4) @entity1 80 years or older. We compared outcomes between treatment groups for @entity1 treated between 2001-2004 with those treated between 2005-2009. RESULTS: A significant increase in the proportion of @entity1 undergoing endovascular coiling between 2001 and 2009 was noted for all age groups (P < .0001). For both clipped and coiled @entity1 , mortality and the proportion of @entity1 discharged to long-term facilities increased with age. Overall mortality for @entity1 clipped and coiled decreased modestly for all age groups, and overall proportions of @entity1 discharged home increased modestly (P < .01) for all age groups except those older than 80 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Between 2001 and 2009, there has been a significant increase in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity1756 undergoing endovascular coiling rather than @entity439 clipping. This increase was more pronounced in older @entity1 . Mortality from aneurysmal @entity510 decreased during the past decade, regardless of @entity439 treatment technique.

title: Age-related trends in the treatment and outcomes of XXXX : a study of the nationwide inpatient sample 2001-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured cerebral aneurysms', 'ruptured cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: Trans-10, cis-12-conjugated @entity4722 (t10c12- @entity4619 ) has been shown to alter immune function. @entity6864 has been shown to potentially play an important role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses by modulating the activity of monocytes and macrophages. Previous studies have indicated that the phagocytic capacity of porcine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) was enhanced by the culture supernatant fraction from t10c12-CL-stimulated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but not by t10c12- @entity4619 itself. In the present study, we examined the effects of t10c12- @entity4619 on @entity6864 and @entity310 expression of porcine PBMC and the phagocytic capacity of PMN. t10c12- @entity4619 increased @entity310 mRNA expression and production by PBMC. The phagocytic capacity of porcine PMN was enhanced by either culture supernatant fraction from PBMC treated with t10c12- @entity4619 or recombinant porcine (rp) @entity310 . Anti-rpTNF-alpha polyclonal antibody inhibited the enhancement of PMN phagocytic capacity. t10c12- @entity4619 also up regulated @entity6864 mRNA expression in porcine PBMC. @entity13151 , a @entity6864 antagonist, not only completely negated the t10c12- @entity4619 -stimulating effects on @entity310 expression and production by porcine PBMC, but also decreased the enhancement of PMN phagocytic capacity by the t10c12- @entity4619 -stimulated porcine PBMC culture supernatant fraction. These results suggest that t10c12- @entity4619 has an immunostimulating effect on porcine PMN phagocytic capacity, which is mediated by @entity310 from PBMC via a @entity6864 -dependent pathway.

title: Trans-10, cis-12-conjugated XXXX increases phagocytosis of porcine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity13151 :: ('MESH:C019273', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs) is necessary for differential lung ventilation during @entity358 . However, when used with conventional extubation procedures, coughing is more likely and is associated with an increased risk for parenchymal air leak along the staple line and possible subsequent @entity651 . We examined the prevalence of coughing-associated air leaks at extubation and the efficacy of using supraglottic airways (SGAs) to prevent air leaks with post-lobectomy extubation. METHODS: This study included 150 @entity1 with @entity2542 diagnosed using preoperative computed tomography, who underwent @entity358 between April 2010 and March 2015. The @entity1 were chronologically enrolled in two groups: the DLT group (60 @entity1 ) from April 2010 to August 2012, and the SGA group (90 @entity1 ) from September 2012 to March 2015. (Note: the DLT group only included cases without air leak present just prior to extubation). Data were collected on specific @entity1 characteristics and operative and postoperative factors. RESULTS: Coughing at extubation occurred in 15 (25.0  %) of 60 DLT @entity1 , and parenchymal air leaks developed in 10 (66.7  %) of these 15. Comparison of groups revealed the SGA group was significantly lower for the following: @entity1 with coughing at extubation (P  <  0.001), coughing-associated air leaks at extubation (P  <  0.001), air leaks >7  days (P  =  0.006), reoperation due to air leaks (P  =  0.013), and duration of chest tube drainage (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The SGA is effective for preventing air leaks associated with coughing during conventional DLT extubation in post-lobectomy @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of Supraglottic Airway for Preventing XXXX Associated with Coughing at Extubation after Pulmonary Lobectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['Lung Injury']


abstract: 12 dairy @entity291 were used to examine the influence of stage of lactation, amount of intake and diet composition on digesta passage from the reticulorumen. @entity291 were fed on mixed diets, containing on average 34% concentrate and 66% roughage (dry matter basis). The roughage portion consisted of @entity2829 silage and either extensively or intensively produced grass silage in the ratio of 40:60 (% as fed). @entity3759 ( @entity3759 ) was used as a marker and faecal marker concentrations were determined for 120 h after oral dosing. Samples were taken in four periods-ante partum (1 period) and in the first half of lactation (3 periods)-, each period representing a certain physiological state. @entity291 were fed according to milk yield with mean dry matter intakes of 12.0, 16.8, 22.6 and 21.2 kg in periods 1 to 4. Passage parameters were estimated by a model with gamma time-dependency (G4G1), by an exponential model and by a model calculating total tract mean retention time as mean value of all points on the marker-excretion curve. Results showed an obvious acceleration of marker passage from the reticulorumen from ante partum to post partum. Total tract mean retention time calculated as mean values of all points on the marker excretion-curves were in good agreement with total tract mean retention times calculated with G4G1. Passage rates from the reticulorumen showed poor agreement between G4G1 and the exponential model. Effects of period and diet past partum were observed for rate of passage from and mean retention time in the fast compartment only, both estimated by G4G1. @entity3759 appears to be a suitable marker to estimate passage rates. Values for passage rates were in the range of those reported for concentrate particles by others.

title: [Estimation of marker passage in the digestive tract of dairy XXXX by different models: influence of stage of lactation, amount of intake and diet composition].

entities_list: @entity3759 :: ('CHEBI:32234', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium(IV)-oxide', 'TiO2']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: A staging error can lead to a treatment failure in the management of @entity1 with @entity5 . The actual progression of @entity1204 was postoperatively examined in twenty @entity1 with clinical stage II disease classified by FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) criteria. In seven of 20 @entity1 (35%), extrauterine lesions were revealed at surgery. These seven stage-up @entity5 included three grade 3 @entity5 , three uterine @entity1377 (UPSC) and one grade 2 @entity5 with deep @entity3 . The sites of the extrauterine lesions were determined. The grade 2 @entity5 was associated with parametrial invasions and positive pelvic lymph nodes. One grade 3 @entity5 and two UPSCs had positive periaortic lymph nodes. Omental involvements were revealed in one grade 3 @entity5 and two UPSCs, indicating that the pattern of spreading of @entity1204 with a malignant histology is similar to the spreading of @entity43 . Since the both endometrium and ovarian surface epithelium have a common histologic origin in the early embryonic stage, a similar biological characteristics of these @entity5 are suggested. From the results, it is recommended that a radical hysterectomy with periaortic lymph node dissection, omentectomy and peritoneal washing cytology be performed for @entity1204 with a malignant histology or deep @entity3 to obtain the actual staging which is necessary for maximal curative potential.

title: Therapeutic and staging operations for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant diseases', 'endometrioid cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinomas']


abstract: AIMS: Custom-made therapeutic footwear is often prescribed to @entity1 with @entity3949 , @entity5109 and a healed plantar foot @entity1066 . Offloading these feet is important to prevent @entity1066 recurrence. The aim was to evaluate the offloading effect of custom-made footwear in these @entity1 . METHODS: In 171 @entity1 with @entity3949 (336 feet) with @entity5109 and a recently healed plantar foot @entity6227 walking barefoot and inside new custom-made footwear were measured. At the previous @entity1066 location and at locations of highest barefoot pressure attributable to the @entity551 were compared with non-deformed feet. The footwear was considered effective in offloading when in-shoe peak pressure at these locations was <   200 kPa. RESULTS: Mean in-shoe peak pressures ranged between 211 and 308 kPa in feet with @entity85 (vs. 191-222 kPa in non-deformed feet) and between 140 and 187 kPa in feet with @entity85 (vs. 112 kPa in non-deformed feet). Offloading was effective in 61% of all feet with @entity85 , 81% of feet with @entity85 , 44% of feet with @entity85 and 62% of previous @entity1066 locations. Inter-subject variability in measured in-shoe plantar pressure was large. CONCLUSIONS: Offloading in custom-made footwear is often not sufficiently achieved in high-risk @entity6 with @entity85 . Highest offloading success rates were seen at known high-risk locations such as previous @entity1066 locations and Charcot feet, the lowest success rates in @entity85 . Together with the large inter-subject variability in pressure outcomes, this emphasizes the need for evidence-based prescription and evaluation procedures to assure adequate offloading.

title: Offloading effect of therapeutic footwear in @entity1 with XXXX at high risk for plantar foot ulceration.

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic feet']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer, plantar pressures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'midfoot deformity', 'forefoot deformities', 'forefoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['deformity, in-shoe pressures']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serious @entity1320 belong among life treating diseases. They are based on spreading infections from focal sources of @entity32 in abdomen or damaged intestinal wall. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment strategies are surgical intervention, antimicrobial therapy, distributional shock treatment and accurate nutritional support (1). @entity1160 and @entity4259 supplementation may improve intestinal functions and restore antioxidant defence (2). @entity326 with @entity881 accompanied by serious catabolism and decrease of albumin had developed in a @entity1 after endoscopic polypectomy. Infection source was not discovered by medical imaging examinations non surgical laparotomy. After distributive shock treatment, wide spectral antibiotics and enteral and parenteral nutrition the @entity1 health improved. As adjuvant therapy intravenous supplementation was administered: @entity1160 in daily dose 2g and @entity11822 in continual infusion in daily dose 750  g over 6 days. During intensive therapy, inflammatory markers decreased: @entity1851 , @entity1904 , leukocyte count and neutrophils. Albumin levels increased. CONCLUSIONS: The paper describes therapeutic options during @entity326 treatment and reversion possibilities in the catabolic phase of disease.Key words: colonoscopy, @entity326 , @entity177 , enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition.

title: [Acute XXXX after endoscopic polypectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity11822 :: ('MESH:D018038', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium selenite']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Assess @entity1 discomfort during two different methods of injection of @entity2950 . METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 referred for ultrasound-guided injection of @entity2950 had punctures performed dorsal or plantar to the interdigital skin crease, with and without preliminary subcutaneous local anesthesia (LA). @entity1 rated discomfort during @entity272 ( @entity272 ) and needle advancement (NA) using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Average @entity158 score was 4.4    2.3 (1 SD) for the plantar approach and 2.9    2.0 for the dorsal approach. This difference was statistically significant during @entity272 (p < 0.01) and NA (p < 0.05). During the plantar approach with LA, @entity158 score during @entity272 was 4.4 (   2.1) and 3.9 (   2.8) during NA. This plantar approach without LA resulted in a @entity158 score of 4.3 (   2.6) and 3.8 (   3.1), respectively. Mean @entity158 scores for @entity1 injected from the dorsal approach with LA during @entity272 were 3.8 (   2.7) and NA were 2.2 (   2.0) and without LA were 2.6 (   1.9) and 3.0 (   2.1). There was no statistical significance in @entity158 score difference during @entity272 and NA, with and without LA for either the plantar (p > 0.05) or the dorsal (p > 0.05) approach. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of @entity2950 was better tolerated via a dorsal approach and use of preliminary LA did not confer any benefit.

title: XXXX 's assessment of discomfort during ultrasound-guided injection of @entity2950 : selecting the optimal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2950 :: ('MESH:D009463', 'Disease') :: ["Morton's neuroma"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'mean pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin puncture', 'SP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']