abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the presence of myocardial structural alterations and subtle @entity296 during familial screening in asymptomatic mutation carriers without @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) phenotype. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Sixteen @entity1121 families with pathogenic mutation were studied and 46 @entity1 with phenotype expression ( @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 ) and 47 @entity1 without phenotype expression ( @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 ) were observed. Twenty-five control subjects, matched with the @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 - group, were recruited for comparison. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate conventional parameters, myocardial structural alteration by calibrated integrated backscatter (cIBS) and global and segmental longitudinal strain by speckle tracking analysis. All 3 groups had similar left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction. Basal anteroseptal cIBS was the highest in @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 + @entity1 (-14.0  4.6 dB, p<0.01) and was higher in @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 - @entity1 as compared to controls (-17.0  2.3 vs. -22.6  2.9 dB, p<0.01) suggesting significant myocardial structural alterations. Global and basal anteroseptal longitudinal strains (-8.4  4.0%, p<0.01) were the most impaired in @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 + @entity1 as compared to the other 2 groups. Although @entity6475 was similar between @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 - group and controls, basal anteroseptal strain was lower in @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 - @entity1 (-14.1  3.8%, p<0.01) as compared to controls (-19.9  2.9%, p<0.01), suggesting a @entity299 . A combination of >-19.0 dB basal anteroseptal cIBS or >-18.0% basal anteroseptal longitudinal strain had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 72% in differentiating @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 - group from controls. CONCLUSION: The use of cIBS and segmental longitudinal strain can differentiate @entity1121 @entity2189 +/ @entity15068 - @entity1 from controls with important clinical implications for the family screening and follow-up of these @entity1 .

title: @entity296 in preclinical XXXX mutation carriers.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['global longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical segmental systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: We analyzed the preexisting donor factors and isolation variables that affected isolation of @entity1 islets of Langerhans. Sixty-nine pancreata from cadaveric donors were analyzed for donor factors of age, gender, body mass index, cause of @entity204 as well as graft factors of cold @entity63 time, pancreas status, distensibility during intraductal collagenase distension and time of collagenase expansion and digestion. Islet isolations that recovered >100,000 IEQ (n = 53) were compared to those generating less than 100,000 IEQ (n = 16) to analyze the factors affecting islet yield during donor harvest and isolation procedures. The mean islet recovery was 216.0 x 10(3) (IEQ) or 2840 (IEQ) per gram of pancreas. Mean purity was 54%. The success rate of islet isolation was 76%. Mean age was 31 years, and mean cold @entity63 time was 6.9 hours. In univariate analysis, the status of the pancreas was the only significant factor for successful isolation, and gender, time of collagenase expansion and digestion were marginal factors. In stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis of donor and isolation-related factors, donor gender, pancreas status and digestion time were significant factors. During the same period we performed three cases of clinical islet allotransplantation and one autotransplantation. This study confirmed that the same donor factors and variables in the isolation process can affect the ability to obtain successful @entity1 islet isolation. Enough experience and pertinent review of donor and isolation factors can make islet isolation consistent, supporting clinical islet transplantation without unnecessary cost.

title: Analysis on donor and isolation-related factors of successful isolation of @entity1 islet of Langerhans from XXXX cadaveric donors.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an essential posttransplantation immunosuppressive drug. It may cause hepatotoxicity, mostly @entity1448 , by unknown mechanism. @entity870 causes nephrotoxicity mainly by increased vascular resistance. We investigated the effects of @entity870 on the peribiliary capillary plexus, in an isolated, dually perfused (i.e., via the hepatic artery and the portal vein) @entity35 liver preparation. METHODS: After 30 min of stabilization with optimal flow (4 ml/min/g liver), four liver groups were perfused (control, n=5 each) and four groups were hypoperfused (n=5 each, 1 ml/min/g) for 120 min. This was followed by a 30-min optimal reperfusion phase, during which the controls and the hypoperfused groups were injected (60 sec) via the hepatic artery with @entity870 at high (3 mg/kg body weight in 1 ml) or low dose (0.03 mg/kg), cremophore (130 mg/kg), or saline (1 ml). A ninth group (n=5) underwent 2-hr @entity63 and 30-min reperfusion to standardize @entity409 . Dark nonradioactive microspheres (approximately 10 microm diameter) were injected via the hepatic artery 15 min after drug or saline injection. RESULTS: Neither of the two @entity870 doses, nor cremophore controls, nor hypoperfusion alone caused entrapment of microspheres in the peribiliary circulation as assessed by light microscopy; perfusion pressures and resistances were also not altered. Significant arteriolar impaction and vasculature engorgement occurred in the hypoperfused plus high-dose @entity870 livers; hypoperfusion plus low-dose @entity870 or cremophore groups were minimally tainted. Vascular notable obstruction was associated with 15-40% increase in portal and arterial perfusion pressures and resistances, 50% decrease in @entity26 extraction, and increase in @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio, @entity16 , and wet-to-dry weight ratio. Such findings were superior to those detected in the ischemic livers. CONCLUSIONS: Acute single high-dose @entity870 injection, but not low-dose or cremophore, if combined with decreased flow, alters hepatic microcirculatory resistance. Possible correlations between such changes and clinical implications in organ transplantation are discussed.

title: Cumulative damaging effect of liver hypoperfusion and XXXX a on the peribiliary capillary plexus: a study in an isolated dually perfused @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular damage']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary aim was to induce a high number of pCR in early (FIGO IC, IIB + C) - and advanced (FIGO III-IV) - stage @entity43 with a surgery plus 4 cycles of @entity900 and melphalan ( @entity7404 ) regimen. The second objective was to prevent relapse with WAR in @entity1 in remission after chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 218 eligible @entity1 were treated after staging laparotomy with @entity900 80 mg/sqm i.v. on day 1 and melphalan 12 mg/sqm i.v. on day 2 q 4 weeks. Response was verified by second-look laparotomy. WAR was carried out with the open field technique on a linear accelerator (daily dose: 1.3 Gy, total dose: 29.9 Gy) in @entity1 with pathological or clinical CR or pathological PR with microscopical @entity66 . RESULTS: 146/218 @entity1 (67%, 95% CI: 61%-73%) responded to @entity7404 : 56 (26%) achieved pCR, 24 (11%), cCR, 56 (26%) @entity11595 and 10 (5%) cPR (c = clinical, p = pathological). Multivariate analyses revealed that in advanced stages (92 cases in remission), the achievement of pCR was the most important factor for longer time to failure (TTF) and survival. Only 51/118 (43%) @entity1 in remission received WAR. Early-stage @entity1 <= 55 years were more likely to have WAR than @entity1 older than 55 years (77% vs. 23%; p = 0.02). @entity5 @entity1 with cCR were less likely to be irradiated than @entity1 with pCR or @entity11595 (10% vs. 51%; p = 0.003). @entity137 of @entity7404 was acceptable with 10% of WHO grade 4 @entity1503 . Acute @entity1503 of WAR caused interruption (33%) or @entity445 (33%) of irradiation in the majority of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7404 is an effective treatment for advanced @entity43 with a 67% response rate after 4 cycles. For the majority of @entity1 in remission, WAR as a consolidation treatment was hardly feasible. For these @entity1 new treatment modalities to consolidate remission are needed.

title: Treatment of XXXX with surgery, short-course chemotherapy and whole abdominal radiation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced-stage']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity', 'hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['incompleteness']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Demographic, personal, clinical, and behavioral factors predicting chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) have been assessed in the past, but inconsistencies exist in the literature, studies have methodological shortcomings, and many risk factors have been examined in cross-sectional studies and univariate analyses. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the predictive power of personal and treatment-related characteristics in the development of CINV, using a large and prospectively evaluated sample of a heterogeneous group of @entity5 @entity1 receiving routine chemotherapy. METHODS: This was a multicountry, multisite prospective study over three cycles of chemotherapy. Adult @entity1 from eight European countries about to receive highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy were recruited. Clinicians completed a case report form at or before the initial chemotherapy treatment, recording @entity1 demographic and baseline clinical characteristics. @entity1 completed a daily @entity1 diary for six days per chemotherapy cycle describing their CINV experience. Baseline @entity1 data also included a history of @entity1209 (yes/no), @entity1 expectation of @entity390 (0-100  mm visual analogue scale [VAS]), prechemotherapy anxiety (0-100  mm VAS), and prechemotherapy @entity390 (0-100  mm VAS) measured during the 24-hour period before chemotherapy initiation. RESULTS: There were 991 evaluable @entity1 with complete Cycle 1 data, 888 for Cycle 2 data, and 769 for Cycle 3 data. A complex picture of predictor variables was shown, with different contribution of variables to the acute, delayed, and overall phases of CINV. Key predictor variables included the use of antiemetics inconsistent with international guidelines, younger age, prechemotherapy @entity390 , and no CINV complete response in an earlier cycle (all at P  <  0.05). @entity148 , history of @entity1209 , and expectations of @entity390 were important predictors for some phases and cycles but not consistently across the CINV pathway. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide clarity for the relative contribution of a set of characteristics in the development of CINV. Following evidence-based clinical antiemetic guidelines is of paramount importance, alongside treating @entity1 with increased risk for CINV more aggressively, which both could lead to more optimal CINV management. These data can assist clinicians in making decisions about the antiemetic management of their @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of risk factors predicting chemotherapy-related XXXX : results from a European prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting', 'nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: Based on the following 3 points: 1) @entity5 proliferation is energy-dependent, 2) mitochondrial energy-production system is dominant for cell growth, and 3) liver mitochondria (mt) possess their own DNA and RNA synthesizing some of their own proteins including respiratory enzymes such as cytochrome oxidases, a possible relationship between mutations of mt-DNA and clinical status of cell proliferation was examined in 10 @entity157 @entity1 who underwent liver resection. Mt-DNA at the cancerous and the noncancerous portions of 1g resected liver specimens were separated from the nuclear DNA, and then digested with Hinf I endonuclease. DNA filters were made of the digested mt-DNA fragments on the agarose and @entity2975 gel. The filters were hybridized with a nick-translated 32P-labeled DNA fragments. In two cases, abnormal mt-DNA were detected. In the first case, the @entity5 was the massive type and grew rapidly invading the bile duct. One restriction fragment of 3.0 Kb of the cancerous and non cancerous portion became larger by 60 bp. In the second case, regarded as metachronous multicentric @entity157 , the second largest band of the 3.4 Kb fragment of the cancerous portion showed a wider range but not of the noncancerous portion. The former change may indicate polymorphism but the latter indicates an occurrence of the mutation of mt-DNA. Further studies are required, including examinations on the rest of mitochondrial fragments.

title: [Analysis of XXXX mitochondrial DNA in @entity157 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: During antigen recognition, T lymphocytes are primed by a physical interaction with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). At least two signals are needed to activate T cells. One is provided by T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 in the context of the mayor histocompatibility complex (MHC), and another signal is mediated by antigen-independent molecules, that is T cell membrane-bound @entity1361 and its specific ligand @entity7938 ( @entity7938 ) present in @entity1358 . Both signals trigger a series of metabolic events initiating right at the cell membrane and ending with activation and proliferation of T cells as well as specific cytokines synthesis. Our main goal was to determine whether deficiency in @entity379 ( @entity379 ) production shown by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from @entity1203 ( @entity1203 ) @entity1 , could be overcome by reconstituting in vitro the appropriate signals (by means of addition of anti- @entity1361 and anti- @entity7938 monoclonal antibodies). We also determined the stimulation index (SI) in the same PBMC. Our results demonstrated no significant differences in @entity7938 expression monocytes and B lymphocytes from @entity1203 @entity1 when compared with healthy subjects. Nonetheless, @entity1361 expression significantly decreased in lymphocytes from @entity1203 @entity1 (p < 0.01). Regarding @entity379 levels and SI, @entity1203 -PBMC failure before mitogenic stimuli could be reversed by further incubation with anti- @entity1361 antibody, but stimulation by specific antigen of @entity4430 was not changed. Addition of anti- @entity7938 antibody significantly increased @entity379 levels in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC, although @entity9236 persisted. Cells stimulated with specific antigen did not modify either their proliferation or @entity379 levels.

title: Addiction of anti- @entity1361 antibodies restores PBMC proliferation and @entity379 production in @entity1203 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen-presenting cells']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium leprae']

entities_list: @entity9236 :: ('MESH:C565054', 'Disease') :: ['proliferation deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['LL', 'lepromatous leprosy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: About 30% of @entity4810 cases are idiopathic. Previous studies reported a positive correlation between deep periodontal pockets and sperm sub-motility, which suggests that @entity2521 might have a role in @entity854 pathospermia. We evaluated correlations between periodontal @entity281 parameters and the results of sperm analysis of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity249 . In this observational study, semen quality and periodontal @entity159 were analyzed for 95 otherwise healthy @entity1 attending an andrology unit for sperm analysis. Half the @entity1 in the sperm pathology and normozoospermia groups (50.8% and 50%, respectively) had poor periodontal @entity159 . Among the 95 @entity1 , 38% had @entity6660 , 28% had @entity19474 , 16% had cryptozoospermia, and 15% were classified as normozoospermic. Sperm pathology category was not associated with frequency of deep periodontal pockets or @entity1608 . Bleeding on probing was significantly lower among @entity1 with @entity19474 than among those with normozoospermia. Poor periodontal @entity159 was not associated with any sperm pathology category or parameter. In contrast with previous findings, the present results indicate that pathospermia and poor semen quality are not associated with periodontal @entity281 in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity249 . (J Oral Sci 58, 247-253, 2016).

title: Association between periodontal XXXX and idiopathic @entity4810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity19474 :: ('MESH:D053627', 'Disease') :: ['asthenozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic semen abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status']


abstract: A phase I study was conducted to characterize the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT), and pharmacokinetics of a single dose followed by three times weekly s.c. injections of recombinant @entity1 interleukin 12 (rHuIL-12). The study encompassed 28 @entity1 with @entity1358 . rHuIL-12 was administered on day 1, followed by an observation period of 7 days. Starting on day 8, repeated s.c. injections were administered 3 times a week for 2 weeks. The MTD of the initial injection was evaluated at dose levels of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 microg/kg. DLT was observed at 1.0 microg/kg and consisted of @entity221 , perivasculitis of the skin, and @entity1431 . The MTD of the subsequent repeated injections after 1 week of rest was studied at dose levels 0.5, 1.0, and 1.25 microg/kg. DLT at 1.25 microg/kg comprised deterioration of performance status, @entity221 , @entity308 , and @entity1431 . Other notable @entity137 were @entity3136 and elevation of hepatic enzymes. Fever, @entity1431 , and elevation of hepatic enzymes were more severe after the initial injection than after repeated injections at the same dose level. At dose level 0.5 microg/kg, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve decreased from 7.4 ng/h/ml after the first injection to 3.3 ng x h/ml (P = 0.034) after repeated administrations, and at dose level 1.0 microg/kg, it ranged from 31.8 ng/h/ml to 6.0 ng x h/ml (P = 0.041). One @entity1 had a partial response and seven had stable disease. The MTD of a single s.c. injection of rHuIL-12 was 0.5 microg/kg, and the MTD of three subsequent administrations per week was 1.0 microg/kg. In comparison with a single administration, the three times weekly administrations at the same dose level was accompanied with a milder pattern of side effects and a reduction of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve.

title: Phase I study of subcutaneously administered recombinant @entity1 interleukin 12 in XXXX with advanced @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting, mental depression']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: Neurovascular compression syndromes are characterized by recurrent attacks of @entity16 and clinical signs depending on the cranial nerve affected. It is assumed that pulsatile compression of the nerve is caused mainly by an artery. The result is segmental @entity17 of the transition zone or the central part of the cranial nerve, which is covered by oligodendrocytes, and subsequent ephaptic axonal transmission. Compression of the vestibular nerve can cause attacks of spinning or non-spinning vertigo: @entity394 . Compression of the trochlear nerve is characterized by attacks of @entity1939 : superior oblique @entity7205 . @entity16 due to local radiation or rarely neurovascular compression can also lead to oscillopsia and double vision precipitated by sustained excentric gaze: ocular @entity12296 . It is important to note that controlled trials have so far not been performed for any of these three syndromes, mainly because of their low prevalence. Therefore, treatment recommendations are based on single cases or small case series and thus have the lowest level of evidence. The @entity1372 channel blockers @entity2049 (50 to 200  mg tid) or @entity2051 (100 to 300  mg tid) are evidently effective in most of the @entity1 who have these three syndromes. However, one should always keep in mind the contraindications, side effects, and interactions with other drugs of @entity2049 ( http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682237.html ) All @entity1 require regular laboratory examinations. Alternatives are other @entity1372 channel blockers such as @entity3174 (100 to 300  mg tid), @entity2682 (100 to 600  mg tid), or @entity1092 (100 to 300  mg tid). Furthermore, there are also few reports on the effects of beta blockers, which may be explained by their reduction of the amplitude of blood pressure. @entity1 who do not respond to pharmacotherapy require further diagnostics to determine the possibility of other etiologies. Some of these @entity1 benefit from surgical decompression of the affected nerve.

title: Therapy of XXXX , Superior Oblique @entity7205 , and Ocular Neuromyotonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms', 'Damage to ocular motor nerves']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity12296 :: ('MESH:D020386', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyotonia']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['monocular oscillopsia']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular paroxysmia']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity394 :: (MESH:D015837,Disease) :: ['Vestibular Paroxysmia']


abstract: Single-agent @entity136 has shown encouraging results in @entity1 with @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). This phase II study further explored the potential of a @entity136 -based regimen in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity1073 . @entity1 <70 years old received the @entity15508 regimen: @entity136 (1000 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8), @entity619 (40 mg/m(2), days 1-4), and @entity900 (100 mg/m(2), day 1). @entity1 >/=70 years of age received @entity619 and @entity136 only (DG regimen). Thirty @entity1 (12 in the DG group, 18 in the @entity15508 group) with a median age 66.5 years (range, 47-81) received a median of six cycles in both groups. The overall response rate was 36.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 15.2% to 64.6%] with the DG regimen and 44.4% (95% CI 24.6% to 66.3%) with the @entity15508 regimen. The median progression-free survival was 3 months (95% CI 0.0-7.9) in the DG group and 8.5 months (95% CI 4.8-12.2) in the @entity15508 group. With a median follow-up of 38.8 months, 13 @entity1 (including 11 given @entity15508 ) are still alive. DG was well tolerated, and @entity882 was the most prevalent @entity137 in @entity1 receiving @entity15508 . Both regimens deserve to be further investigated as a backbone for combination chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1073 .

title: Phase II study of @entity136 - @entity619 with or without @entity900 in relapsed or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['refractory mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Benign infantile @entity410 [BIS], familial and non-familial, represent a benign, age-related idiopathic @entity950 . The aim of the current paper is to document the presence of the syndrome in Saudi Arabia and in Arab populations and to discuss the characteristic electroclinical features and the benign nature of this syndrome. @entity1 AND METHODS: A case series of 275 @entity1 with @entity302 (age range: 2 months-13 years) were followed over a period of 3 years and 7 months. The inclusion criteria for BIS were as follows (1) age of @entity410 onset between 2 and 24 months, (2) normal development before, during and after the onset of @entity410 , (3) normal interictal EEG, (4) normal brain imaging, and (5) good response to treatment. We analyzed these @entity1 with respect to age at @entity410 onset, sex, physical and neurological examination, consanguinity, frequency and type of @entity410 , associated conditions and laboratory and radiological investigations. A waking and sleeping interictal EEG was performed on all @entity1 , and for one @entity1 (No. 1), ictal EEG and video clips were recorded. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (12.0%) showed electroclinical features consistent with BIS. Eleven @entity1 fulfilled the criteria of benign non-familial infantile @entity410 (BNFIS), and for three @entity1 , their family pedigrees showed the possibility of @entity11529 ( @entity11529 ). All of the @entity1 responded to anti- @entity302 treatment, and 50% of them responded within 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the presence of BIS ( @entity7733 ) in Saudi Arabian and Arab populations. We highlighted the characteristic features of BIS and demonstrated the benign nature of the syndrome.

title: Benign familial and non-familial infantile XXXX ( @entity7733 ): a study of 14 cases from Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity11529 :: ('MESH:D020936', 'Disease') :: ['BFIS', 'benign familial infantile seizures']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity950 :: ('MESH:C537702', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome of infancy']

entities_list: @entity7733 :: ('MESH:D058494', 'Disease') :: ['Fukuyama-Watanabe-Vigevano syndrome']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity1 with symptomatic pathological @entity3814 require spinal stabilization surgery for mechanical back @entity158 control and irradiation for the underlying malignant process. The authors evaluated a treatment paradigm of closed @entity174 reduction and fixation involving kyphoplasty and subsequent spinal radiosurgery. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 (six @entity1 and 20 @entity1 , mean age 72 years) with pathological @entity3814 (16 thoracic and 10 lumbar) were prospectively evaluated. Histological diagnoses included 11 lung, nine breast, four @entity8 , and one @entity320 . Seven lesions had received prior external-beam radiation therapy. All @entity1 underwent kyphoplasty that involved the percutaneous transpedicular technique. Fiducial markers allowing for image guidance during CyberKnife treatment were placed, at time of the kyphoplasty, in the pedicles at adjacent levels. @entity1 underwent single-fraction radiosurgery (mean time after kyphoplasty 12 days) in an outpatient setting. The @entity5 dose was maintained at 16 to 20 Gy (mean 18 Gy) to the 80% isodose line. The treated @entity5 volume ranged from 12.7 to 37.1 cm3. No acute radiation-induced @entity137 or new @entity51 occurred during the follow-up period (range 11-24 months, median 16 months). @entity158 improved in 24 (92%) of 26 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The combined kyphoplasty and spinal radiosurgery treatment paradigm was found to be clinically effective in @entity1 with @entity174 ; there was no significant spinal canal compromise. In this technique two minimally invasive surgical procedures are combined to avoid the morbidity associated with open surgery while providing both immediate @entity174 fixation and administering a single-fraction tumoricidal radiation dose.

title: Combination kyphoplasty and spinal radiosurgery: a new treatment paradigm for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal, one cholangiocarcioma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'pathological fractures']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Axial pain']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['ocular melanoma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pathological fractures']


abstract: The clinical and pathologic features of 13 cervical @entity4937 of villoglandular type were reviewed. They occurred in @entity1 23 to 54 years of age, with ten @entity1 younger than 40 years of age. Microscopic examination revealed surface papillae that ranged from tall and thin to short and broad and contained central fibrous cores typically containing numerous inflammatory cells. The papillae were usually lined by stratified epithelial cells with slight to moderate nuclear atypicality and mitotic activity and no more than a minor degree of cellular budding. The deeper portions of the @entity5 were composed of branching tubular glands separated by a fibrous or fibromatous stroma and were more or less sharply demarcated from the adjacent cervical stroma. A hysterectomy was performed in 12 cases and only a cone biopsy in one case. The cone biopsy specimen and four of the hysterectomy specimens contained no residual @entity189 . In six uteri @entity420 was confined to the inner third of the cervical wall whereas in two there was deep invasion. Follow-up of 2 to 14 years' duration including more than 5 years in ten cases has revealed no evidence of recurrent @entity5 . The excellent prognosis of the @entity1 in this small series and the young age of many of them suggest that this @entity5 may be managed by a procedure less radical than a hysterectomy provided the @entity5 is superficial, has been completely excised, does not exhibit vascular space invasion, and close follow-up examination is possible.

title: Villoglandular papillary XXXX . A clinicopathologic analysis of 13 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevation of cardiac troponin has been documented in multiple settings without @entity1187 . However, its impact on long-term cardiac outcomes in the context of @entity6 remains to be explored. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 872 @entity1 admitted to Temple University Hospital from 2004-2009 with DKA or @entity11339 . @entity1 were included if they had @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) measured within 24 hours of hospital admission, had no evidence of @entity1187 and had a follow up period of at least 18 months. Of the 264 @entity1 who met the criteria, we reviewed the baseline @entity1 characteristics, admission labs, EKGs and major adverse cardiovascular events during the follow up period. @entity1 were categorized into two groups with normal and elevated levels of cardiac enzymes. The composite end point of the study was the occurrence of a major cardiovascular event (MACE) during the follow up period and was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of 264 @entity1 , 24 @entity1 were found to have elevated @entity6949 . Compared to @entity1 with normal cardiac enzymes, there was a significant increase in incidence of MACE in @entity1 with elevated @entity6949 . In a regression analysis, which included prior history of CAD, HTN and @entity454 , the only variable that independently predicted MACE was an elevation in @entity6949 (p   =   0.044). @entity1 with elevated CK-MB had increased lengths of hospitalization compared to the other group (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity6949 in @entity1 admitted with decompensated @entity6 and without evidence of @entity1187 , strongly correlate with a later major cardiovascular event. Thus, elevated troponin I during @entity209 identify a group of @entity1 at an increased risk for poor long-term outcomes. Whether these @entity1 may benefit from early detection, risk stratification and preventive interventions remains to be investigated.

title: Clinical significance of troponin elevations in @entity6 without clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['acute decompensated diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: In an attempt to investigate whether @entity1245 at low dosage have a significant effect in reducing @entity508 among @entity1 with @entity306 , we carried out a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Twelve @entity1 with either @entity306 or @entity1158 participated in this study. The mean age was 14 years. The restraint of passive knee movements was determined with a dynamic dynamometer and spastic stretch reflexes were measured as EMG activity in muscles stretched. @entity2053 was given at low dosage (0.02 mg/kg body weight). In each @entity1 measurements of passive restraint were made on 2 different days immediately before and 3 h after an i.m. injection of either @entity2053 or placebo in randomized order. @entity2053 significantly reduced spastic restraint (P < 0.001) compared to non-significant reduction with placebo. The mean plasma concentration of @entity2053 at time of @entity508 evaluation was 21 mmol/l which is in the low dose range, far below conventional doses. The study thus shows a positive effect of low dose @entity2053 in reducing @entity508 in @entity1 when given as a single dose.

title: Treatment of XXXX in @entity1 with low dose @entity1245 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam', 'Clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'spastic diplegia']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the yield of in-hospital monitoring for detection of significant @entity943 complications in @entity1 starting @entity2778 therapy for @entity943 and to identify factors that might predict safe outpatient initiation. BACKGROUND: The need for hospital admission during initiation of antiarrhythmic therapy has been questioned, particularly for @entity2778 , with which proarrhythmia may be dose related. METHODS: The records of 120 @entity1 admitted to the hospital for initiation of @entity2778 therapy were retrospectively reviewed to determine the incidence of significant @entity943 complications, defined as new or increased @entity943 , significant @entity1168 or excessive @entity1162 . RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (20.8%) experienced 35 complications, triggering therapy changes during the hospital period in 21 (17.5%). New or increased @entity943 developed in 7 @entity1 (5.8%) ( @entity1166 in 2), significant @entity1168 in 20 (16.7%) (rate <40 beats/min in 13, pause >3.0 s in 4, third-degree @entity713 in 1, permanent pacemaker implantation in 3) and excessively prolonged QTc intervals in 8 (6.7%) (dosage reduced or discontinued in 6). Time to the earliest detection of complications was 2.1 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SD) days after initiation of @entity2778 , with 22 of 25 @entity1 meeting criteria for complications within 3 days of monitoring. Baseline electrocardiographic intervals or absence of @entity299 failed to distinguish a low risk group. Multivariate analysis identified absence of a pacemaker as the only significant predictor of @entity943 complications (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Because clinically significant complications can be detected with in-hospital monitoring in one of five @entity1 starting @entity2778 therapy, hospital admission is warranted for initiation of @entity2778 . @entity1 without pacemakers are at higher risk for these complications.

title: Is hospital admission for initiation of antiarrhythmic therapy with @entity2778 for @entity943 required? Yield of in-hospital monitoring and prediction of risk for significant XXXX complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsade de pointes']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: Both continuous spinal anaesthesia and continuous epidural anaesthesia are supposed to provide adequate post-operative @entity158 relief. The purpose of this randomized, prospective study was to compare the quality of @entity1337 , occurrence of side effects and @entity1 satisfaction between spinal and epidural administration of @entity1341 during the first post-operative 72 h. One hundred and two @entity1 scheduled for hip arthroplasty were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 received continuous spinal anaesthesia for intra-operative and post-operative management, Group 2 received continuous epidural anaesthesia. Immediately after surgery, the continuous spinal anaesthesia-group received a 1-mL bolus ( @entity1341 0.25%), followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mL over 24 h. The continuous epidural anaesthesia-group received a 10-mL bolus ( @entity1341 0.25%), followed by 2 mL h-1. The level of @entity158 was gauged from a verbal rating score and from a visual analogue scale; the degree of motor blockade was recorded using the Bromage score. In the continuous spinal anaesthesia-group 90.2% reported complete @entity1337 on the verbal rating scale, but only 21.6% of the continuous epidural anaesthesia-group did. The visual analogue scale scores given by the continuous spinal anaesthesia-group were significantly lower than those of the continuous epidural anaesthesia-group. The percentage of @entity1 with a motor block was significantly higher in the continuous spinal anaesthesia-group on the day of surgery and at the first post-operative day. During the first 24 h, @entity390 and @entity391 occurred more often in the continuous epidural anaesthesia-group. The satisfaction was considered excellent in 92.2% of the continuous spinal anaesthesia-group and in 70.6% of the continuous epidural anaesthesia-group. It is concluded that continuous spinal anaesthesia and continuous epidural anaesthesia are effective and safe for post-operative @entity158 relief after hip replacement. Compared with continuous epidural anaesthesia, continuous spinal anaesthesia provides faster onset of @entity158 relief, ensures better @entity1337 and results in more satisfied @entity1 .

title: Continuous spinal anaesthesia or continuous epidural anaesthesia for post-operative XXXX control after hip replacement?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20530 agonists (beta2-agonists) are shown to inhibit airway microvascular leakage in experimental animals. This effect may change in animals with @entity32 . OBJECTIVE: We examined whether inhaled beta2-agonists inhibit microvascular leakage in @entity840 airways with @entity32 . METHODS: Three weeks after the sensitization with ovalbumin (OA; 6 mg/mL), each @entity840 was challenged with inhaled OA once a day for 1 or 3 weeks. Control animals without sensitization with OA also inhaled vehicle for OA (saline) for 3 weeks. One day after the last challenge, different doses of inhaled @entity11610 (1, 3 or 10 microg/mL) or vehicle was given to animals for 10 min after an anaesthesia. Fifteen minutes after the end of inhalation, the animals were given i.v. @entity5934 ( @entity5934 ; 20 mg/kg), a marker of microvascular leakage, and then i.v. @entity112 (3 or 30 microg/kg) or vehicle. Lung resistance, a parameter of airflow obstruction, was measured for 6 min and the lungs were removed to calculate the amount of extravasated @entity5934 into the airways. RESULTS: A significant increase in eosinophil infiltration into the airways was seen in sensitized and challenged animals compared with control animals without sensitization. Among animals receiving antigenic exposure for either 0 (control), 1 or 3 weeks, 10 microg/mL @entity11610 significantly inhibited 30 microg/kg @entity112 -induced increase in @entity5934 extravasation to a similar degree (ranged from 28.7 to 69.8% inhibition) as well as that in lung resistance (more than 90% inhibition in all groups). The minimal dose of @entity11610 to inhibit 3 microg/kg @entity112 -induced microvascular leakage was not different between nonsensitized control animals and those sensitized and challenged for 3 weeks at all airway levels. CONCLUSION: Inhaled @entity20530 agonists may be also potent in attenuating microvascular leakage even in the airways with @entity32 .

title: Inhaled @entity11610 inhibits XXXX -induced airflow obstruction and microvascular leakage in @entity840 airways with @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic airway inflammation', 'chronic allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity11610 :: ('MESH:D017265', 'Chemical') :: ['procaterol']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans blue dye', 'EB dye']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity20530 :: ('100722663', 'Gene') :: ['Beta2-adrenoceptor', 'beta2-adrenoceptor']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: Nine @entity1 (eight males) are reported with one or more episodes of @entity1457 in the absence of overt @entity299 or other known causes of @entity943 ; @entity944 occurred in one of these @entity1 . Age at first episode ranged from 16 to 41 (mean, 28) years. In seven @entity1 , @entity2224 was documented at the time of resuscitation. One @entity1 had @entity5069 . In the remaining @entity1 , documentation of the @entity943 during the collapse was not available. Four @entity1 had frequent early @entity1540 , and in three of these @entity1 , they were accompanied by episodes of rapid nonsustained polymorphic @entity1165 . Failure to suppress this ectopic activity by drug therapy seems to be of prognostic significance. Of the three @entity1 showing persistence of frequent early @entity1540 , one died suddenly, and two had recurrences of symptomatic arrhythmic episodes. The value of noninvasive and invasive tests in the management of these @entity1 is not clear, with the exception of exercise testing in @entity1 with exercise-related @entity943 and long-term electrocardiographic monitoring in @entity1 with frequent spontaneous @entity1540 . Follow-up varied from 21 to 192 (mean, 84) months. One @entity1 died suddenly 21 months after his first collapse. Selection of antiarrhythmic drug therapy was largely empirical. In view of the relative rarity of @entity944 in the absence of @entity299 and the many uncertainties about its mechanism(s) and management, a worldwide registry of these @entity1 is suggested.

title: XXXX without overt @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature beats', 'ventricular ectopic activity']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular flutter']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden arrhythmic death']


abstract: The obligate intracellular protozoan parasite @entity3204 depends on the @entity10043 -salvage pathway for its @entity10043 supply. Unlike its @entity1 hosts, @entity3204 salvages @entity10043 precursors predominantly via @entity859 kinase, the enzyme that phosphorylates @entity859 to @entity860 ( @entity860 ). The cDNA encoding @entity3204 @entity859 kinase was subcloned and expressed in @entity526 . The recombinant protein was active in an in vitro enzyme assay over a broad pH range. It required a divalent cation for activity. The enzyme was inactivated by the addition of 1 microM @entity3143 . The inactivation could be reversed by a reducing agent. The active recombinant protein was crystallized using @entity2397 as precipitant at pH 8.0. The crystals diffract to 1.8 A and belong to the monoclinic space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 47.5, b = 68.9, c = 57.0 A, beta = 100.3 degrees. The calculated V(m) based on one molecule per asymmetric unit is 2.38 A(3) Da(-1).

title: XXXX @entity859 kinase: expression, purification, characterization, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3143 :: ('MESH:D008627', 'Chemical') :: ['mercuric chloride']

entities_list: @entity2397 :: ('MESH:C012036', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine monophosphate', 'AMP']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between consumption of milk and milk products, @entity460 , @entity1132 and @entity560 and occurrence of @entity14 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: A total of 9959 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 15 y or older without history of @entity5 at baseline. During a 24 y follow-up, 72 new @entity5 of the large bowel (38 in the colon and 34 in the rectum) were detected. RESULTS: Consumption of milk and total milk products was suggested to be inversely related to @entity694 incidence, whereas no similar association was seen for @entity5 . The relative risk between the highest and lowest quartiles of intake adjusted for potential confounding factors was 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.14-1.46, P for trend 0.09) for milk and 0.37 (95% CI=0.12-1.39, P for trend 0.06) for total milk products. @entity1132 intake showed a similar inverse relationship with @entity694 : the relative risk was 0.31 (95% CI=0.08-1.15, P for trend 0.03). Intake of @entity560 or total dietary @entity460 was not significantly related to @entity14 risk, whereas @entity460 provided by fermented milk products was associated with increased @entity14 incidence; in the highest quartile the multivariate adjusted relative risk for @entity14 was 2.07 (95% CI=1.00-4.28). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that individuals showing high consumption of milk have a potentially reduced risk of @entity694 ; however, the association does not appear to be due to intake of @entity460 , @entity560 , or to specific effects of fermented milk. SPONSORSHIP: This study was supported by a grant from the Swedish @entity5 Foundation.

title: Prospective study on milk products, @entity460 and XXXX of the colon and rectum.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1132 :: ('MESH:D007785', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactose', 'lactose']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the sensitivity and utility of emergency sonography for the detection of blunt @entity99 (BHI) in @entity1 with @entity1661 and to describe parenchymal sonographic patterns of BHI. METHODS: This report was a prospective clinical study in which the findings of all @entity1 who had emergency sonograms were recorded on a data sheet by the initial sonographer and interpreting physicians. All @entity1 with @entity99 during this period were identified and physical examination, laboratory, computed tomographic and intraoperative findings were compared with the prospective data sheets. RESULTS: From January of 1995 to December of 1998, 2,622 emergency sonograms were performed, and in this group, a total of 146 @entity1 had BHI. Emergency sonograms allowed detection of free fluid in 98 @entity1 (67%), and @entity130 with no free fluid in seven @entity1 (5%). There were 41 false negatives (28%). The most common pattern identified on a sonogram was a discrete area of increased echogenicity followed by a diffuse hyperechoic pattern. Seventy-six @entity1 (52%) had concomitant intra-abdominal injuries, including spleen (n = 46), bowel (n = 30), and kidney (n = 19). There were 102 exploratory laparotomies performed. Abdominal tenderness or distention was present in 127 @entity1 (87%), and 108 @entity1 had right rib @entity174 (74%). Based on detection of free fluid, @entity130 , or both, the overall sensitivity of sonography for the detection of BHI was 72 % but was 98 % for grade III or higher injuries. CONCLUSION: Emergency sonography is sensitive for the detection of grade III or higher @entity99 resulting from blunt @entity1661 . Sonography may also reveal BHI on the basis of parenchymal abnormality, with a discrete hyperechoic area the most commonly encountered pattern.

title: Sonographic detection of blunt XXXX and parenchymal patterns of injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'liver injuries', 'hepatic injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic trauma: hemoperitoneum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that the alimentary tract is part of the body's first line of defense against orally ingested xenobiotica, little is known about the distribution and expression of @entity12325 ( @entity12325 ) enzymes in @entity1 colon. Therefore, expression and protein levels of four representative CYPs ( @entity4433 (8), @entity5321 , @entity5322 , and @entity5396 ) were determined in @entity1 @entity694 biopsies obtained from ascending, descending and sigmoid colon. METHODS: Expression of @entity4433 , @entity5321 , @entity5322 , and @entity5396 mRNA in @entity694 was determined by RT-PCR. Protein concentration of CYPs was determined using Western blot methods. RESULTS: Extensive interindividual variability was found for the expression of most of the genes. However, expression of @entity4433 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the ascending colon than in the sigmoid colon. In contrast, mRNA levels of @entity5321 and @entity5396 were significantly lower in the ascending colon in comparison to the descending and sigmoid colon. In sigmoid colon protein levels of @entity12327 were significantly higher by ~73% than in the descending colon. In contrast, protein concentration of @entity5321 was significantly lower by ~81% in the sigmoid colon in comparison to the descending colon. CONCLUSION: The current data suggest that the expression of @entity4433 , @entity5321 , and @entity5396 varies in different parts of the colon.

title: Distribution of XXXX 2C, 2E1, 3A4, and 3A5 in @entity1 @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon mucosa']

answer: @entity12325 :: (4051,Gene) :: ['cytochrome P450']


abstract: Despite numerous studies on high impact @entity174 of ribs, little is known about compressive @entity130 . We studied rib @entity174 from a biomechanical and morphological perspective using 15, 5th ribs of @entity12526 @entity1707 , divided into two groups, desiccated (representing post-mortem @entity130 ) and fresh ribs with intact periosteum (representing peri-mortem @entity130 ). Ribs were axially compressed and subjected to four-point bending in an Instron 3339 fitted with custom jigs. Morphoscopic analysis of resultant @entity174 consisted of standard optical methods, micro-CT ( CT) and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). During axial compression, fresh ribs had slightly higher strength because of energy absorption capabilities of their soft and fluidic components. In flexure tests, dry ribs showed typical elastic-brittle behaviour with long linear load-extension curves, followed by relatively short non-linear elastic (hyperelastic) behaviour and brittle @entity174 . Fresh ribs showed initial linear-elastic behaviour, followed by strain softening, visco-plastic responses. During the course of loading, dry bone showed minimal observable damage prior to the onset of unstable @entity174 . In contrast, fresh bone showed buckling-like damage features on the compressive surface and cracking parallel to the axis of the bone. Morphologically, all dry ribs fractured precipitously, whereas all but one of the fresh ribs showed @entity174 . The mode of @entity174 , however, was remarkably similar for both groups, with butterfly @entity174 predominating (7/15, 46.6% dry and wet). Our study highlights the fact that under controlled loading, despite seemingly similar butterfly @entity174 morphology, fresh ribs (representing perimortem @entity130 ) show a non-catastrophic response. While extensive strain softening observed for the fresh bone does show some additional micro-cracking damage, it appears that the periosteum may play a key role in imparting the observed pseudo-ductility to the ribs. The presence of fibrous pull-out and grooving of the outer tensile surface associated with periosteal stretching suggests that the periosteum under @entity2701 is able to sustain very high strain and bridge the mouth of the extending butterfly crack, thereby contributing to the observed strain-softening behaviour.

title: Compressive rib fracture: peri-mortem and post-mortem @entity130 patterns in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'incomplete fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rib injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Sixty consecutive @entity1 with the @entity27 (53 @entity1 and seven @entity1 ) were analysed by questionnaire, polysomnography, r  ntgenographic cephalometry and the Mueller manoeuvre before and 6 months after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), to assess the surgical outcome and the prognostic value of preoperative evaluation. Seventy-three per cent of @entity1 reported improvement of snoring and 55% reported improvement of excessive @entity25 . Thirty-five per cent showed a decrease of at least 50% in the desaturation index, and 13% had a postoperative desaturation index below 5. Although the improvement of desaturation parameters was marked in some @entity1 , the overall change was not significant. Neither the Body Mass Index (BMI), nor any of the cephalometric variables were significantly correlated to surgical outcome. Increased difference in collapsibility between the soft palate and the base of the tongue showed a close to significant relation with the improvement of desaturation index. High desaturation index, low mean saturation and deep lowest saturation were found to be slightly predictive of improvement in nocturnal desaturation. In a multivariate analysis however no significant predictors could be identified. It is concluded that UPPP is effective in reducing snoring and @entity25 over a 6-month follow-up period, but that the overall improvement in nocturnal desaturation is limited and difficult to predict. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of UPPP.

title: XXXX : value of polysomnography, Mueller manoeuvre and cephalometry in predicting surgical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic impact of elevated total vascular resistance (TVR) on the outcome of pregnancy in @entity101 ( @entity101 ). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Data collected from @entity1 with @entity101 referred to the obstetrics outpatient clinic of Tor Vergata University from June 2003 to June 2005. POPULATION: A total of 268 @entity1 with @entity101 (systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP] 140-150 mmHg and 90-99 mmHg, respectively, without significant @entity644 ). METHODS: @entity1 had a maternal echocardiographic examination and BP examination within 24 hours of diagnosis. From this, the TVR was calculated and the geometric pattern of the left ventricle assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal/maternal adverse outcomes ( @entity1468 , @entity3152 , @entity5869 , other maternal medical problems, fetal distress, neonatal low birthweight, admittance to neonatal intensive care unit and perinatal @entity204 ). RESULTS: Ninety-two out of the 268 pregnancies showed adverse outcomes (34.3%). The best independent predictor for the composite of @entity2241 was TVR (OR 64.4, 95% CI 25.9-160.1). The cutoff value was 1340 dyn seconds/cm(5) with a sensitivity and a specificity of 90 and 91%, respectively. Concentric geometry of the left ventricle was also an independent predictor (OR 4.72, 95% CI 1.85-12.04). CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography could help in identifying @entity1 with @entity101 who subsequently develop @entity2241 , allowing a classification in high-risk (TVR > 1340 dyn seconds/cm(5), concentric geometry of the left ventricle) and low-risk @entity1 (TVR < 1340 dyn seconds/cm(5), nonconcentric geometry of the left ventricle) for adverse outcomes of pregnancy.

title: Maternal total vascular resistance and concentric geometry: a key to identify uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['EMGH', 'early mild gestational hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['maternal and fetal complications']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['gestational hypertension']


abstract: In @entity238 embryos dorsoventral polarity is determined by a concentration gradient of dorsal (dl) protein in the nuclei formed by the differential regulation of nuclear localization of dl protein. cactus (cact) represses the nuclear localization of dl protein. By introducing intermolecular @entity1520 bonds in homogenates of embryos, we detected three complexes of dl and/or cact proteins. Complex 1 (190 kDa) is a dl protein homodimer ( @entity47496 ). Complex 2 (270 kDa) consists of one complex 1 and one cact molecule (dl2cact). Complex 3 (200 kDa) is a cact protein complex that does not contain dl protein. In wild-type embryos dl2cact was detected as the major form of dl protein, and @entity47496 was minor. With this assay virtually no dl monomer is detected. Analysis of the dl protein complexes in ventralized and dorsalized mutant embryos indicates that dl2cact is a cytoplasmic form, whereas @entity47496 is localized mainly in the nuclei. It seems that a small amount of @entity47496 is also present in the cytoplasm.

title: @entity1520 cross-linking in crude embryonic lysates reveals three complexes of the XXXX morphogen dorsal and its inhibitor cactus.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7824 ( @entity7824 ) is a rare @entity5 . Surgery has been highly recommended for @entity7824 , although it entails a significant chance to harm the @entity1 . We aimed to provide new data that would support surgical decision-making and optimise @entity1 information about outcomes after surgery. METHOD: Under the auspices of the French Society of Neurosurgery, we conducted a multi-institutional database search in 23 academic hospitals. In all, we reviewed the relevant clinical and radiological data of 82 @entity1 who were operated on for @entity7824 between 1984 and 2008, and had their diagnosis confirmed by central pathological review. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 61 months (range, 6-96 months). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 48 % of the @entity1 , and subtotal resection (STR) in 52 %. The 5-year overall survival rate was 93.8 % (95 % CI, 93.7-93.9). The 5-year progression-free survival rate was 92.1 % (95 % CI, 91.90-92.2) in @entity1 who underwent GTR, compared with 55.3 % (95 % CI, 55.1-55.5) in @entity1 who had STR (p = 0.01). The overall perioperative complication rate was 66 %. The main causes of @entity86 were some degree of @entity86 and/or @entity2026 (39 %), memory difficulties (29 %) and temporary @entity1276 (26 %). GTR was not associated with an increased rate of @entity260 compared with STR. At last follow-up, Karnofsky Performance Score was at least equal to 80 for 90.6 % of the tested @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our series emphasised that maximal surgical resection of CNs offers favourable benefit-risk ratio. These data are of importance to properly counsel @entity1 regarding expected outcomes, and to plan relevant preoperative and postoperative investigations like language and memory function evaluation.

title: Outcomes after surgery for central XXXX : results of a French multicentre retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular tumour']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['CN', 'Central neurocytoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative paresis', 'postoperative disability']

answer: @entity7824 :: (MESH:D018306,Disease) :: ['neurocytoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. OBJECTIVES: To examine variables associated with the development of pressure @entity1066 in subjects with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SETTING: @entity1566 @entity1 under coverage of the State Welfare Organization of Iran. METHODS: Mobile rehabilitation teams gathered data from 20 of the 30 provinces in Iran. There were 8104 @entity1566 @entity1 registered in the database; 7489 @entity1 were included in the analysis. The prevalence of PU in @entity1 aged <10 years was lower than those aged >10; therefore, we used different logistic models for these groups. Likewise, separate models were created for @entity1 who had experienced @entity1566 during the past year versus @entity1 injured >1 year before the evaluation. RESULTS: PU was present in 34.6% of the @entity1 . The variables associated with PU in @entity1 aged <10 years were female gender and the time passed since @entity1566 . In @entity1 aged >11 years, male gender, the time passed since @entity1566 , lower level of education, lack of an intimate partner, @entity1688 and older age presented a significant association with PU. @entity1 for whom <1 year has passed since @entity1566 , male gender, @entity1688 and older age were associated with PU. And @entity1 for whom >1 year had passed since @entity1566 , male gender, @entity1688 , older age, lower level of education and lack of an intimate partner were associated with PU. CONCLUSION: @entity1566 @entity1 are a heterogeneous group and the risk factors associated with PU may vary in specific subgroups. Different models are needed to describe PU in @entity1566 @entity1 depending on the @entity1 's age and the time passed since @entity1566 .

title: Factors associated with the development of pressure XXXX after @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) family of peripheral primitive @entity4969 (pPNETs) are primitive small round-cell @entity5 (SRCTs) of the bone and soft tissue that occur predominantly in @entity1 and adolescents. However, pPNETs only rarely enter the differential diagnosis of bone and soft tissue SRCTs in adults. Recently, gene fusions between the @entity12726 gene and different members of the ETS transcription factor family have been shown to occur in virtually all pPNETs and thus constitute a pathognomonic marker for this @entity5 subclass. The aim of the present study was to document @entity12726 /ETS fusion gene expression in suspected pPNETs of adults as objective evidence for the existence of this @entity5 family in older @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The three contributing molecular diagnostic laboratories retrospectively compiled a cohort of all SRCT cases in which @entity12726 /ETS gene fusions had been shown by molecular analysis. This cohort was surveyed for cases that occurred in @entity1 aged 40 years or older, which were then analyzed for their clinical and pathologic features. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 between 40 and 65 years of age were found to have @entity5 positive for @entity12726 /ETS gene fusions. Standard histopathologic and clinical features of these cases, other than age, were similar to those of childhood pPNETs. @entity1 were initiated on appropriate therapy after molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of pPNET. CONCLUSION: Identification of an @entity12726 /ETS gene fusion is useful in providing objective evidence of the diagnosis of pPNET in @entity1 over the age of 40 years. This diagnosis should be considered in adults who present with bone and soft tissue SRCTs and appropriate biopsy specimens should be collected for molecular analysis at the time of diagnosis.

title: Peripheral primitive XXXX in adults: documentation by molecular analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'Ewing tumor']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity4969 :: (MESH:D017599,Disease) :: ['neuroectodermal tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity463 is the most common and most aggressive @entity1313 in adults. The introduction of @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) has advanced chemotherapy for @entity11 , but it is not curative. The difficulties in treating @entity463 may be as a result of the presence of @entity11 stem cells (GSCs), which are a source of relapse and chemoresistance. Another reason may be that endogenous @entity584 kinase activity may be activated in response to clinically relevant concentrations of @entity2904 . @entity584 activation is correlated with the increased tumorigenicity, invasiveness and stemness of @entity5 cells and overexpression of an active form of @entity584 @entity11 cell resistance to @entity2904 . Mounting evidence has demonstrated that @entity5 stem cells are preferentially sensitive to an inhibitor of @entity584 and down-regulation of the PI3K/ @entity584 pathway may enhance the @entity137 of @entity2904 . @entity2449 ( @entity4508 ), the first-line drug for treating @entity6 , it has been proved that it reduces @entity584 activation and selectively kills @entity5 stem cells, but whether it can potentiate the @entity137 of @entity2904 for GSCs remains unknown. In the present study, the GSCs isolated from @entity1 @entity11 cell line U87 and @entity35 @entity11 cell line C6, in vitro treatment with @entity2904 either alone or with @entity4508 . The present study demonstrates that @entity4508 acts synergistically with @entity2904 in inhibiting GSCs proliferation and generating the highest apoptotic rates when compared to either drug alone. These findings implicate that GSCs @entity137 mediated by @entity2904 may be stimulated by @entity4508 , have a synergistic effect, but the definite mechanisms remain elusive.

title: @entity2903 in combination with XXXX act synergistically to inhibit proliferation and expansion of @entity11 stem-like cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['increases glioma', 'malignant gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity16 is the most common complication of @entity6 , and toxic serum factors may contribute to its genesis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We assessed @entity2359 in the serum of 39 @entity6 @entity1 and correlated it with clinical measures of somatic and autonomic nerve fiber damage. Sera were applied to N1E-115 and VSC4.1 @entity521 cells in vitro as models of sensory/autonomic (S/A) and motor neurons, respectively. @entity2359 was measured as either complete or near-complete cell death (highly toxic), inhibited cell growth (moderately toxic), or normal cell proliferation (nontoxic) compared with pooled human serum controls during culture over 4 days. RESULTS: There was an inverse correlation between @entity2359 and vibration perception threshold (P < 0.01). Age (P < 0.02), duration of @entity6 (P < 0.02), and HbA1c (P < 0.03) correlated with @entity2359 , suggesting that glycation may contribute to @entity137 in this model. S/A @entity2359 occurred more frequently in the sera of @entity1 with type 1 (19 of 25) than type 2 (5 of 14) @entity6 (P < 0.02). None of the sera from either type 1 or type 2 @entity6 @entity1 displayed @entity2359 on VSC4.1 cells, whereas sera from @entity1 with @entity1897 were highly toxic. CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that there is a relationship between the specific nerve fiber dysfunction in the @entity1 and the type of neuronal cell killed, not only for @entity3949 but also for known forms of @entity10469 . Such toxic factors may contribute to @entity3949 by acting in concert with @entity4854 to damage sensory/autonomic neurons.

title: Specific fiber deficits in @entity3949 correspond to @entity137 against XXXX cells of sera from @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10469 :: ('MESH:D020274', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  describe results of a planned interim analysis of a prospective, randomized clinical trial developed to compare treatment outcomes among @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible subjects had either clinical or pathologic diagnosis of @entity157 and met either Milan or San Francisco transplant criteria. @entity1 were randomly assigned to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or to proton beam radiation therapy. @entity1 randomized to TACE received at least 1 TACE with additional TACE for persistent disease. Proton beam radiation therapy was delivered to all areas of gross disease to a total dose of 70.2  Gy in 15 daily fractions over 3  weeks. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, with secondary endpoints of overall survival, @entity5 control, and treatment-related @entity137 as represented by posttreatment days of hospitalization. RESULTS: At the time of this analysis 69 subjects were available for analysis. Of these, 36 were randomized to TACE and 33 to proton. Total days of hospitalization within 30  days of TACE/proton was 166 and 24  days, respectively (P<.001). Ten TACE and 12 proton @entity1 underwent liver transplantation after treatment. Viable @entity5 identified in the explanted livers after TACE/proton averaged 2.4 and 0.9  cm, respectively. Pathologic complete response after TACE/proton was 10%/25% (P=.38). The 2-year overall survival for all @entity1 was 59%, with no difference between treatment groups. Median survival time was 30  months (95% confidence interval 20.7-39.3  months). There was a trend toward improved 2-year @entity5 control (88% vs 45%, P=.06) and progression-free survival (48% vs 31%, P=.06) favoring the proton beam treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: This interim analysis indicates similar overall survival rates for proton beam radiation therapy and TACE. There is a trend toward improved @entity5 control and progression-free survival with proton beam. There are significantly fewer hospitalization days after proton treatment, which may indicate reduced @entity137 with proton beam therapy.

title: Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Proton Beam Radiation Therapy with Transarterial XXXX : Results of an Interim Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Laparoscopic techniques have gained wide clinical acceptance in surgical practice today. The laparoscopic approach has been established as the technique of choice for elective splenectomies performed on normal sized spleens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) at the TOBB University of Economics and Technology (ETU) Hospital and Kecioren Training and Research Hospital. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five @entity1 underwent splenectomy between January 2000 and July 2010. For comparison, the records of 130 @entity1 undergoing splenectomy were evaluated for age, gender, hospital stay, time to start of diet, conversion rate, operation time and wound @entity281 . RESULTS: Mean operation time means the time interval between surgeon commencing operation to end of operation. Mean operation time in @entity1 treated by LS was 132 minutes and 121 minutes in @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ). Mean hospital stay was 5.65 days in @entity1 undergoing LS and starting of diet was 1.21 days. In @entity1 treated by @entity1538 , mean hospital stay was 9.17 days, starting of diet was 2.37 days. Four @entity1 were converted to open surgery. Conversion rate was 6.4 percent. In the early post operative period (within 10 days of surgery) 9.2%, LS group had lower incidences of wound @entity281 rate after surgery than @entity1538 group (4.8%, 7.4%, respectively; P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: LS is a safe and effective alternative to @entity1538 for treatment of @entity4558 in @entity1 of all ages.

title: Outcomes of laparoscopic versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open splenectomy', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic diseases']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open splenectomy']


abstract: Quality of life of both the aged @entity1 and his relatives depends, to a large extent, on the capacity of the old @entity1 to think and to remember. In an attempt to assess the intellectual capabilities (InC) of the elderly and to identify risk factors associated with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), a community study was carried-out. The study population was ethnically heterogeneous and comprised of a high percentage of immigrants and of @entity1 who had never attended school. Some methodological issues related to studying InC of a population with these characteristics are discussed. A stratified random sample of non-institutionalized individuals aged 65+ years was home interviewed using a short, portable questionnaire which can be used by non-professional interviewers. The research tool is comprised of 10 questions which check time and place orientation as well as short and long term memory. Although the validity of the questionnaire needs further study, some conclusions can be drawn. Approximately 16% of the subjects failed to answer correctly at least 5 of the 10 questions. @entity1 over 75 years old, single @entity1 , those with low education and low environmental stimulation were identified as high risk groups for @entity73 , as defined in our study. Functional limitation, such as immobility, @entity734 in daily functions and hearing deprivation seem to affect the InC of the aged, especially of the less educated @entity1 . Such findings may suggest the need to plan community-oriented prevention programs for the sake of the growing population of the aged in western countries.

title: Gross XXXX among non-institutionalized elderly: difficulties in assessment and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people', 'persons', 'People']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['InI', 'intellectual impairment']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['intellectual impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Untreated @entity4923 historically has a high mortality rate, but the long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity4923 after transsphenoidal surgery has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term mortality rate in @entity1 who are treated for @entity4923 with current management techniques. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary care center. @entity1 : 161 @entity1 (32 @entity1 and 129 @entity1 ; mean age, 38 years) who were treated for @entity4923 between 1978 and 1996. INTERVENTION: Transsphenoidal adenomectomy and as-needed adjunctive therapy. MEASUREMENT: Record review with follow-up interview. RESULTS: The cure rate for @entity1 with microadenomas who had no previous therapy was 90% (123 of 137). No perioperative @entity204 occurred (0 of 193 procedures [95% CI, 0.0% to 1.9%]). Follow-up data (mean, 8.7 years) were obtained for 99% of @entity1 (159 of 161). Six @entity1 died. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 99% (CI, 97% to 100%) and 93% (CI, 88% to 99%), respectively. Survival was similar to that seen in an age- and sex-matched sample that was based on U.S. population data (standardized mortality ratio, 0.98 [CI, 0.44 to 2.2]; P > 0.2). CONCLUSION: Survival of @entity1 treated for @entity4923 with current management techniques between 1978 and 1996 was better than the poor survival historically associated with this disorder.

title: Long-term mortality after transsphenoidal surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing disease']

answer: @entity4923 :: (MESH:D047748,Disease) :: ['Cushing disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibroblasts (FIBs) within the retro-orbital space of @entity1 with @entity2743 (GOFs) express thyrotropin receptors (TSHRs) and are thought to be an orbital target of @entity5010 -stimulating autoantibodies in @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ). Recently, we developed a low molecular weight, drug-like @entity5010 antagonist ( @entity36848 ) that inhibited @entity5010 activation in a model cell system overexpressing TSHRs and in normal @entity1 thyrocytes expressing endogenous TSHRs. Herein, we test the hypothesis that @entity36848 will inhibit activation of TSHRs endogenously expressed in GOFs. METHODS: Three strains of GOFs, previously obtained from @entity1 with @entity6875 , were studied as undifferentiated FIBs and after differentiation into adipocytes (ADIPs), and another seven strains were studied only as FIBs. ADIP differentiation was monitored by morphology and measurement of @entity1254 mRNA. FIBs and ADIPs were treated with the TSH- or @entity5010 -stimulating antibody M22 in the absence or presence of @entity36848 and @entity5010 activation was monitored by @entity268 production. RESULTS: FIBs contained few if any lipid vesicles and undetectable levels of @entity1254 mRNA, whereas ADIPs exhibited abundant lipid vesicles and levels of @entity1254 mRNA more than 250,000 times greater than FIBs; @entity5010 mRNA levels were 10-fold higher in ADIPs than FIBs. FIBs exhibited higher absolute levels of basal and @entity1928 -stimulated @entity268 production than ADIPs. Consistent with previous findings, TSH stimulated @entity268 production in the majority of ADIP strains and less consistently in FIBs. Most importantly, @entity36848 reduced both TSH- and M22-stimulated @entity268 production in GOFs. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm previous findings that @entity5010 activation may cause increased @entity268 production in GOFs and show that @entity36848 can inhibit @entity5010 activation in GOFs. These findings suggest that drug-like @entity5010 antagonists may have a role in treatment of @entity6875 .

title: A drug-like antagonist inhibits thyrotropin receptor-mediated stimulation of XXXX production in Graves' orbital fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prevalencies of @entity101 are analysed by sex and age group, in social groupings established in accord with social criteria. With a view better to understanding the social dimension of the disease, prevalencies were characterised by type of occupation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,041 @entity1 and corresponds to the sum of the samples representing the "study areas" established by the use of socio-economic and geographical criteria. Four social strata were defined in obedience to a socioeconomic gradient. @entity101 was defined by the Joint National Committee (JNC), 140/90 mmHg, and of the World Health Organization (WHO), 160/95 mmHg, standard references. RESULTS: According to the JNC and WHO standard references the prevalencies of @entity101 , age adjusted, were of approximately the following: stratum (I + II) 60 and 37%; stratum III 50 and 39%; stratum IV 55 e 46%. Among @entity1 the prevalencies were 40 and 38% (stratum I + II); 56 and 47% (stratum III) and 55 and 46% (stratum IV). For the @entity1 belonging to the economically active population, classified by occupation, it was showed that the freelance professionals, consisting of businessmen of small firms, small traders and liberal professionals, presented a prevalence of about 60 and 37%; the skilled workers, employed in factories of 35 and 14%; the daily freelance workers, unskilled laborers and unemployed, of 59 and 40%. The @entity1 were divided by occupation as belonging or not to the economically active population (EAP) and presented the following prevalencies: 39 and 47%, respectively, according to the JNC standard, and 27 and 45%, respectively, according to the WHO standard. Thus it may be seen that these results run counter to the hypothesis that @entity1 integrated into the labour market are more exposed to the risk factors for non-transmissible diseases. CONCLUSION: Thus it may be concluded that the categories most affected by the present economic were those most affected by @entity101 . On the other hand the possibility of there being and a intense social determination in the etiology of @entity101 in this population is demonstrated.

title: [Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, lipemic disorders, @entity101 , obesity and diabetes mellitus in the population of a metropolitan area of southeastern Brazil. III-- XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the treatment of @entity5 , a distal resection margin of more than 1 cm can be obtained by partial internal sphincteric resection, allowing a sphincter preserving surgery. Thus, intersphincteric resection (ISR) has been proposed as an alternative to abdominoperineal resection for selected @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess the morbidity, mortality, and the long-term oncologic and functional results of ISR. METHODS: Charts of @entity1 who had ISR between 1992 and 2004 were reviewed. Cancer-related survival and locoregional recurrence rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Functional outcome was assessed by using a standardized gastrointestinal functional questionnaire. @entity322 was assessed by the continence score of Wexner. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 (59 males, 31 females) with a @entity5 at a median distance of 35 mm (range, 22-52) from the anal verge had an ISR. Thirty-seven @entity1 (41%) had preoperative radiotherapy. Histologically complete remission after neoadjuvant radiotherapy (ypT0) was observed in 7 @entity1 (8%), 12 @entity1 (13%) were @entity2558 , 35 @entity1 (39%) pT2, 32 @entity1 (36%) @entity1803 , and 4 @entity1 (4%) pT4. Five @entity1 (5.5%) had synchronous liver metastases. R0 resection was obtained in 85 @entity1 (94.4%). The median distal resection margin on the fixed specimen was 12 mm (range, 5-35) and was positive in 1 case. The circumferential margin was positive (< or =1 mm) in 4 @entity1 (4.4%). There was no mortality. Complication rate was 18.8%: anastomotic leakage occurred in 8 @entity1 (8.8%) and 1 @entity1 had an anovaginal @entity292 . Five @entity1 (5.6%) underwent secondary abdominoperineal resection: 1 for positive distal margin, 1 for @entity39 , and 3 for local recurrence. ONCOLOGIC RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 56.2 months (range, 13.3-168.4), local, distant, and combined recurrence occurred in 6 (6.6%), 8 (8.8%), and 2 @entity1 , respectively. Thirteen @entity1 (14.4%) died of @entity5 recurrence. Five-year overall and disease-free survival was 82% (80-97) and 75% (64-86), respectively. In univariate analysis, overall survival was significantly influenced by pTNM stage and T stage (pT 1-2 vs. 3-4: P = 0.008 and stage I-II vs. III-IV: P = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, we did not find any impact on local recurrence-free survival for the investigated prognostic variables. FUNCTIONAL RESULTS: For a total of 83 @entity1 the mean stool frequency was 2.3 +/- 1.3 per 24 hours. Forty-one percent of @entity1 had stool fragmentation, one-third nocturnal defecation, 19% fecal urgency, and 36% followed low fiber diet. Thirty-four @entity1 (41%) were fully continent, 29 @entity1 (35%) had minor continence problems, and 20 @entity1 (24%) were incontinent. After adjustment for age, gender, @entity5 level, and pTNM stage, preoperative radiotherapy was the only factor associated with a risk of @entity1241 [OR (IC 95%) = 3.1 (1.0-9.0), P = 0.04]. CONCLUSION: In selected @entity1 , ISR is a safe operation with good oncologic results. It achieves good functional results in 76% of @entity1 . Functional results are significantly altered by preoperative radiotherapy.

title: Long-term results of intersphincteric resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Incontinence']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['colonic J-pouch necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'very low rectal cancer', 'low rectal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['low rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair has become widely accepted in the management of incisional @entity547 . There has been recent interest in combining fascial closure along with mesh placement to improve outcomes. We report our experience with this technique. METHODS: Cases were evaluated retrospectively from 2012 to 2015. There were no exclusions. Cases were included which involved @entity4037 repair with fascial closure and mesh placement. Fascial closure was performed using non-absorbable sutures passed with a suture passage device percutaneously. A 5-cm overlap was performed using intra-peritoneal mesh. Fixation was performed using absorbable tacks in a double crown technique. RESULTS: One hundred and twelve cases were included. The mean age was 57  years old (range 33-81  years). Fifty-nine were females and 53 were males. The median post-operative stay for the non-fascial closure group was 0  days (range 0-12  days). The median post-operative stay for the fascial closure group was 0  days (range 0-12  days). All cases were followed up clinically at 6  weeks. In the non-fascial closure group, five @entity1 developed a @entity2080 (12  %). One @entity1 developed a wound @entity281 (3  %). Six @entity1 presented with a recurrence over the study period (15  %). In the fascial closure group, four @entity1 had a @entity2080 , which was managed conservatively (5  %). One @entity1 developed a wound @entity281 (1  %). Five @entity1 developed a recurrence over the study period (7  %). CONCLUSION: We have shown comparable rates for @entity2080 and recurrence to other series. Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair with defect closure is feasible and reduces @entity2080 rate and recurrence.

title: Trans-fascial closure in XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic ventral hernia']