abstract: The @entity1573 bursa of Fabricius and @entity291 ileal Peyer's patch are thought to be the primary lymphoid organs of B cell development. In the bursa, the existence of secondary lymphoid tissue, called the diffusely infiltrated area, has been recognized. Recently, we have found the presence of a region of secondary lymphoid tissue in the ileal Peyer's patch at the period of the most rapid growth of this organ. In this study, we compared the development of these secondary lymphoid tissue regions in the bursa and ileal Peyer's patch histologically. Before hatching, lymphatic follicle formation occurred in the bursa, but not in the diffusely infiltrated area, where only a small number of lymphoid cells were found. However, during fetal @entity291 development, lymphatic follicle formation occurred not only in the primary lymphoid organ but also in the secondary lymphoid tissue regions. Therefore, the prenatal development of the secondary lymphoid tissue regions of the bursa and ileal Peyer's patch were distinct. After hatching, formation of the germinal center, which contained many @entity9214 + cells, was observed in the diffusely infiltrated area of the bursa. After birth, many @entity9214 + cells and IgG mRNA expression were observed in the lymphatic follicle of the secondary lymphoid tissue regions in the ileal Peyer's patch, but rarely in the ileal Peyer's patch lymphatic follicles. The change of character of these secondary lymphoid tissue regions at the postnatal stage might be dependent on external antigens.

title: Comparative studies on the secondary lymphoid tissue areas in the XXXX bursa of Fabricius and @entity291 ileal Peyer's patch.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: To determine whether regulation of c-myc proteins occurs during the differentiation of @entity19 @entity6007 cells, we examined c-myc protein synthesis and accumulation throughout @entity3733 ( @entity3733 )- or @entity3625 -induced differentiation. c-myc protein expression exhibited an overall biphasic reduction, with an initial concomitant decrease in c-myc RNA, protein synthesis, and protein accumulation early during the commitment phase. However, as the mRNA and protein levels recovered, c-myc protein synthesis levels dissociated from the levels of c-myc mRNA and protein accumulation. This dissociation appears to result from unusual translational and posttranslational regulation during differentiation. Translational enhancement was suggested by the observation that relatively high levels of c-myc proteins were synthesized from relatively moderate levels of c-myc RNA. This translational enhancement was not observed with @entity17227 . Under certain culture conditions, we also observed a change in the relative synthesis ratio of the two independently initiated c-myc proteins. Posttranslational regulation was evidenced by a dramatic postcommitment decrease in the accumulated c-myc protein levels despite relatively high levels of c-myc protein synthesis. This decrease corresponded with a twofold increase in the turnover of c-myc proteins. The consequence of this regulation was that the most substantial decrease in c-myc protein accumulation occurred during the postcommitment phase of differentiation. This result supports the hypothesis that the reduction in c-myc at relatively late times is most important for completion of @entity19 @entity6007 cell terminal differentiation.

title: Enhanced translation and increased turnover of c-myc proteins occur during differentiation of XXXX @entity6007 cells.

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) can induce @entity209 related to insulin resistance and @entity2299 . Our previous studies showed that @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) impaired the coronary endothelial function and that @entity5784 can promote chemokine expression and insulin resistance (IR) by inducing @entity1642 in @entity1 adipose tissue and @entity1375 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the potential harmful correlation between plasma @entity5784 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) in @entity1 with @entity1375 . METHODS: A total of 286 subjects were enrolled. All subjects were divided into the following 3 groups: @entity1375 group, @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) group, and control group. Statistical analyses were carried out to evaluate the correlation between the plasma levels of @entity5784 and LDL-C in @entity1375 @entity1 . The changes in the plasma @entity5784 levels and other metabolic parameters were measured before and after @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) treatment. The relationship between the changes in the plasma @entity5784 level and the LDL-C level was also evaluated after @entity2016 treatment. RESULTS: In the @entity1 with @entity1375 , both the plasma @entity5784 and LDL-C levels were significantly higher than those of the controls. The plasma levels of @entity5784 were positively correlated with the LDL-C level in the @entity1375 group. @entity2016 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the BMI, total @entity165 (TC), LDL-C, @entity1674 (TG), @entity755 ( @entity755 ), and @entity5784 levels. Moreover, the decrease in @entity5784 (  @entity5784 ) was positively correlated with decreased LDL-C (  LDL-C) levels after @entity2016 treatment in @entity1375 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the increased @entity5784 level was positively correlated with the LDL-C in the @entity1375 group. A potential harmful interaction may exist between @entity5784 and LDL-C under the @entity1375 condition. In addition to reducing the plasma levels of @entity5784 , @entity2016 treatment exerts beneficial effects on @entity1 with @entity1375 by improving @entity2299 , including a decrease in the LDL-C level.

title: Potential harmful correlation between XXXX and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 in @entity1 with @entity1375 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'subclinical hypothyroidism', 'SHO', 'HO', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['ApoB', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['endoplasmic reticulum stress']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to examine the predictive value of the PCT in relation to treatment-independent conception rates, to determine which cutoff point best predicted fertility outcome, and which form of @entity1319 on PCT is most significantly related to fertility outcome. A prospective study was undertaken of couples referred for the investigation of "unexplained" @entity249 . One hundred and twenty six couples were recruited between July 1984 and April 1986. On further investigation female @entity249 factors were identified in 32 (25%) of couples, who were therefore excluded from the study. All conceptions were treatment independent. The relationship between the result of the postcoital test and the chance of conception was studied using a modification of Cox's regression model of life table analysis. The mean length of @entity249 prior to referral was 75 months (range = 18-192, SD = 39.2). The mean length of follow-up was 18 months (range = 1-34, SD = 8.4). A 98% follow-up rate was achieved. Eighteen @entity1 conceived, giving a 32-month treatment-independent conception rate of 22%. A cutoff point of one spermatozoon exhibiting sluggish motility per HPF was the most effective method of classifying the results of the postcoital test (X2(1) = 4.28, P = 0.037, RR = 4.7. This would suggest that the most efficient form of spermatozoal motion in cervical mucus is slow or sluggish motility.

title: Postcoital test: which form of XXXX is associated with a good fertility outcome?

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'involuntary infertility']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['spermatozoal motility']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['spermatozoal motility']


abstract: The characteristics of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) who develop obliterative @entity5924 characterised by severe airflow obstruction have been hitherto poorly investigated. A retrospective study of 25 @entity1 with @entity309 and functional evidence of obliterative @entity5924 (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity (FVC) <50% and/or residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC) >140% predicted) was conducted. @entity1 (mean+/-SD age 64+/-11 yrs) included 17 never-smokers and eight ex-smokers (10.5+/-5.4 pack-yrs). The diagnosis of @entity309 preceded respiratory symptoms in 88% of cases. Dyspnoea on exertion was present in all @entity1 and bronchorrhea in 44%. High-resolution computed tomography findings included: bronchial wall thickening (96%), @entity4595 (40%), mosaic pattern (40%), @entity2542 (56%), and reticular and/or ground-glass opacities (32%). Pulmonary function tests showed: FEV(1) 41+/-12% pred, FEV(1)/FVC 49+/-14%, FVC 70+/-20% pred, RV 148+/-68% pred and RV/TLC 142+/-34% pred. Lung biopsy, available in nine @entity1 , demonstrated constrictive, follicular and mixed @entity5924 . @entity1 were followed for 48.2+/-49 months. Treatment was poorly effective. @entity1576 occurred in 40% of @entity1 , and four @entity1 died. @entity5924 associated with @entity309 is a severe and under-recognised condition leading to @entity1576 and @entity204 in a high proportion of @entity1 .

title: Characterisation of severe obliterative @entity5924 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis', 'Obliterative bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'Chronic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['centrilobular emphysema']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intermittent @entity342 suppression (IAS) is an increasingly popular treatment option for @entity263 . On the basis of previous data with anti-angiogenic strategies, we hypothesized that pan-inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor using @entity6219 during the IAS off period would result in prolonged time to PSA failure. METHODS: @entity1 with biochemically recurrent @entity263 , whose PSA was <0.5 ng ml(-1) after 6 months of @entity342 deprivation therapy were randomized to @entity6219 800 mg daily or observation. The planned primary outcome was time to PSA progression >4.0 ng ml(-1). RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were randomized. Of 18 @entity1 randomized to @entity6219 , at the time of study closure, 4 had progressive disease, 1 remained on treatment and 13 (72%) electively disenrolled, the most common reason being @entity1 request due to grade 1/2 @entity137 (8 @entity1 ). Two additional @entity1 were removed from treatment due to adverse events. Of 19 @entity1 randomized to observation, at the time of study closure, 4 had progressive disease, 7 remained under protocol-defined observation and 8 (42%) had disenrolled, most commonly due to non-compliance with protocol visits (3 @entity1 ). Because of high dropout rates in both arms, the study was halted. CONCLUSIONS: IAS is a treatment approach that may facilitate investigation of novel agents in the hormone-sensitive state. This trial attempted to investigate the role of antiangiogenic therapy in this setting, but encountered several barriers, including @entity137 and @entity1 non-compliance, which can make implementation of such a study difficult. Future investigative efforts in this arena should carefully consider drug @entity137 and employ a design that maximizes @entity1 convenience to reduce the dropout rate.

title: A randomized, phase II study of @entity6219 in XXXX : a University of Chicago Phase II Consortium/Department of Defense @entity263 Clinical Trials Consortium study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'castrate-sensitive prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['castrate-sensitive prostate cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the gastric phenotype of @entity4648 and neoplasms of the female genital tract (SMMN-FGT). METHODS AND RESULTS: Six @entity1 (mean age 57 years, range 39-83 years) were diagnosed with SMMN-FGT. All six @entity1 had mucinous metaplasia of endometrium, which showed features of @entity1137 ( @entity1137 )/pyloric gland metaplasia (PGM) in five and was associated with @entity3079 in three. Five @entity1 had mucinous metaplasia of the fallopian tubes, of which three showed borderline features. Two @entity1 had mucinous borderline @entity5 of the ovary. Five @entity1 had @entity75 including @entity1137 /PGM associated with either @entity15709 or minimal deviation @entity420 . All @entity75 were positive for HIK1083 and/or @entity21826 . One @entity1 with minimal deviation @entity420 involving the vagina died of her disease, whereas five @entity1 , including three with microinvasion and three with positive peritoneal cytology or @entity843 , were alive without recurrence after a mean follow-up of 46 months (range 13-102 months). CONCLUSIONS: There is a close association between SMMN-FGT and @entity1137 /PGM. Microinvasion and positive peritoneal cytology may not have an influence on outcome.

title: Reappraisal of synchronous and multifocal XXXX of the female genital tract: a close association with gastric metaplasia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['LEGH', 'lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions', 'mucinous lesions']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous ascites']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous mucinous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['mucinous lesions']


abstract: RATIONALE: Treatment of @entity281 with instillation of intrapleural @entity3479 and @entity1 recombinant DNase (DNase) has been proven to decrease the length of hospital stay, decrease surgical referral, and improve drainage. The optimal dosage, administration, timing, and frequency of the regimen remain unclear. It is unknown if the two drugs can be administered immediately one after the other (referred to as concurrent) instead of instilling them separately with a 1- to -2-hour interval in between. OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and efficacy of concurrent instillation of intrapleural tPA/DNase guided by radiographic and clinical response in @entity1 with @entity281 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Consecutive @entity1 with @entity281 who received concurrent tPA/DNase were included. The initiation and number of doses of tPA/DNase therapy were based on pleural fluid drainage, clinical response, and radiographic findings. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 received concurrent tPA/DNase therapy. Treatment was successful in 90.4% of them; 80.8% were effectively treated with fewer than six doses of therapy (median, 2; interquartile range [IQR], 1-3.5); and 71.2% received their first dose of tPA/DNase within 24 hours after chest tube insertion. The median hospital stay from the first dose of tPA/DNase to discharge was 7 days (IQR, 5-11 d). The volume of pleural fluid drained increased from a median of 295 ml (IQR, 97.5-520 ml) 24 hours before treatment to a median of 1,102 ml (IQR, 627-2,200 ml) 72 hours following therapy (P   <   0.001). Nonfatal @entity548 occurred in 5.4%, 15.1% had @entity662 , and 2.7% died as a result of @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: This cohort study shows that early administration of concurrent tPA/DNase in @entity1 with @entity281 is relatively safe and effective. Given the high cost of therapy, it is feasible to guide therapy on the basis of clinical and radiographic response.

title: Concurrent Intrapleural Instillation of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and DNase for XXXX . A Single-Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pleural bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pleural infection']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Pleural Infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied @entity6661 (i.e., @entity1 dropout) 3 years after the baseline interview in a population-based Spanish cohort. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The @entity16 in @entity6220 study is a longitudinal, population-based survey of chronic @entity16 in @entity1 aged > or = 65 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine baseline differences between @entity1 who took part in the 3-year follow-up evaluation vs. those who did not. RESULTS: Of the 5,278 @entity1 evaluated at baseline (1994-1995), 1,482 (28.1%) were lost to the follow-up (1997-1998). Factors that were associated with dropout due to refusal were as follows: living in a rural area and being single. Contact failure was associated with older age and being unmarried and widowed. Unreachable @entity1 were less likely to take three or more medications or live in a professional neighborhood. Predictors of dropout due to @entity204 were male gender, older age, having impaired activities of daily living, taking more medications, poor self-perceived health, @entity303 , and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: These findings on @entity1 who are at high risk of dropout may be useful in the planning phase of future prospective studies. Of the possible reasons for @entity6661 , refusal is the most important because it is amenable to change.

title: Several factors influenced XXXX in a population-based elderly cohort: @entity16 in @entity6220 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['Central Spain']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic conditions', 'Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

answer: @entity6661 :: (MESH:D019217,Disease) :: ['attrition']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluates the effect of different doses of @entity19473 to prevent @entity1209 , which frequently occurs in @entity1 following strabismus surgery. METHODS: One hundred twenty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists' classification (ASA) I-II group @entity1 2-12 years of age were randomized to this prospective, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. @entity1 were placed in groups of 5 and did not receive any premedication. The first group received placebo, and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups received 0.5 mg/m(2), 1 mg/m(2), 1.5 mg/m(2), and 2 mg/m(2) of @entity19473 , respectively, following anesthesia induction. The same anesthetic technique and @entity1337 were used for all groups. The @entity1 were examined for the presence of @entity391 and for any complaints and side effects at 2, 6, and 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) was statistically more significant in the placebo group at 2, 6 and 24 hours, when compared to the study groups (p< 0.001), but there was no significant difference among @entity19473 groups at 6-24 hours (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of the incidence of @entity1209 among the study groups (16%, 16%, 24%, 20% respectively) at all periods (p>0.05). The number of @entity1 with @entity1209 score of 3 was 10 in the placebo group, while it was 1, 2, 0 and 1 in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups, respectively (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity19473 (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/m(2)) decreased the incidence and severity of @entity1209 following strabismus surgery in @entity1 . All of the doses seemed to be equally effective. There was no difference in @entity1209 control between placebo and any of the doses of the @entity19473 after six hours. So we suggest that 0.5 mg/m(2) single-dose @entity19473 is enough for preventing @entity1209 following strabismus surgery in @entity1 .

title: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a single dose of @entity19473 for the prevention of XXXX after strabismus surgery in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity19473 :: ('MESH:C045504', 'Chemical') :: ['tropisetron', 'Tropisetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['POV', 'postoperative vomiting']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgeons may improve their decision making by assessing the extent to which their initial clinical diagnosis of a @entity281 ( @entity281 ) was supported by culture results. Aim of the present study was to evaluate routinely reported @entity281 by surgeons against microbiological culture results, to identify @entity1 groups with lower agreement where decision making may be improved. METHODS: 701 admissions with @entity281 were reported by surgeons in a university medical centre in the period 1997-2005, which were retrospectively checked for microbiological culture results. Reporting a @entity281 was conditional on treatment being given (e.g. antibiotics) and was classified by severity. To identify specific @entity1 groups, @entity1 were classified according to the surgery group of the first operation during admission (e.g. @entity130 ). RESULTS: Of all reported @entity281 , 523 (74.6%) had a positive culture result, 102 (14.6%) a negative culture result and 76 (10.8%) were classified as unknown culture result (due to no culture taken). Given a known culture result, reported @entity281 with positive culture results less often concerned @entity130 @entity1 (16% versus 26%, X2 = 4.99 p = 0.03) and less severe @entity281 (49% versus 85%, X2 = 10.11 p < 0.01) suggesting that a more conservative approach may be warranted in these @entity1 . The @entity130 surgeons themselves perceived to have become too liberal in administering antibiotics (and reporting @entity281 ). CONCLUSION: Routine reporting of @entity281 was mostly supported by culture results. However, this support was less often found in @entity130 @entity1 and less severe @entity281 , thereby giving surgeons feedback that diagnosis and treatment may be improved in these cases.

title: Evaluation of routinely reported surgical site infections against microbiological culture results: a tool to identify XXXX groups where diagnosis and treatment may be improved.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: This review addresses the state of the literature on @entity283 ( @entity283 ) assessment among @entity1 with @entity5 of the pancreas and stomach. We first briefly review the epidemiology of these @entity5 . We examine the concept of @entity283 and the degree to which it has been measured among these @entity1 groups. The impact of @entity788 on @entity283 is described, including the domains which these conditions are most likely to impact. The effect of different treatments on @entity283 is considered, including surgical procedures, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, and procedures for symptom palliation. Based on our findings on the limited quantity and quality of the body of literature, we make suggestions for further research in the area. Results suggest three areas in which @entity283 can play an important role in the study of gastric and @entity788 . First, future investigations should consider both survival and @entity283 in comparing surgical procedures. Second, studies of chemotherapy should include @entity283 evaluation, with careful attention to conducting assessments at times appropriate to capture the effects of chemotherapy. Third, studies of the impact of palliative care should include assessments of @entity283 .

title: Health-related quality of life evaluations of gastric and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and pancreatic cancers', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health-related quality of life']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: We describe the properties of two monoclonal antibodies produced to a synthetic peptide consisting of residues 985 to 996 from the cytoplasmic domain of the @entity470 . We have examined a group of ten @entity1 @entity5 including @entity43 for expression of EGF receptors by immunohistological staining using one of these antibodies and another monoclonal antibody to the extracellular domain of the molecule. The @entity5 were examined using a sensitive amplified enzyme system and a less sensitive indirect staining method. There was generally a good correlation in staining intensity with the two monoclonal antibody reagents. Both antibodies showed strong staining of @entity957 and usually weak or heterogeneous patterns with the @entity420 . Samples of each @entity5 were solubilized in detergent and analyzed for the presence of functional EGF receptors by immunoprecipitation and autophosphorylation. Three of the @entity1544 gave labeled bands, Mr 170,000, on @entity3208 : @entity2975 gels. DNA was extracted from seven of the @entity5 and digested with two restriction endonucleases, and the fragments were analyzed on Southern blots using probes representing the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of the molecule. The @entity5 DNA showed no apparent rearrangements or amplifications when compared to the @entity470 gene in @entity1 placental DNA. These results suggest that there is a high level of EGF receptors on some @entity1544 .

title: Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors on XXXX @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['cervical, ovarian, and vulval carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGF receptor', 'epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Amplification of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) gene represents one of the most frequent gene alterations in @entity463 ( @entity463 ). In the current study, we evaluated @entity4562 , a potent @entity470 inhibitor, in the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed @entity463 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ninety-eight @entity1 (96 evaluable) were accrued between May 18, 2001, and August 2, 2002. All were newly diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 who were clinically and radiographically stable/improved after radiation treatment (enrollment within 5 weeks of radiation completion). No prior chemotherapy was permitted. @entity470 amplification/mutation, as assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, was not required for treatment with @entity4562 but was studied when tissues were available. @entity4562 was administered at 500 mg each day; for @entity1 receiving @entity619 or enzyme-inducing ( @entity5322 ) agents, dose was escalated to a maximum of 1,000 mg QD. Treatment cycles were repeated at 4-week intervals with brain magnetic resonance imaging at 8-week intervals. RESULTS: @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; calculated from time of initial surgery) at 1 year (primary end point) with @entity4562 was 54.2%, which was not statistically different compared with that of historical control population (48.9%, data from three previous Phase III North Central @entity5 Treatment Group studies of newly diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 ). Progression-free survival (PFS) at 1 year post-RT (16.7%) was also not significantly different to that of historical controls (30.3%). Clinical outcome was not affected by @entity470 status (amplification or @entity797 mutation). Fatigue (41%), @entity1910 (62%), and loose stools (58%) constituted the most frequent adverse events, the majority of these being limited to Grade 1/2. Of note, the occurrence of drug-related adverse effects, such as loose stools was associated with improved @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: In our evaluation of nearly 100 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 , treatment with adjuvant @entity4562 post-radiation was not associated with significant improvement in @entity1349 or PFS. However, @entity1 who experienced @entity4562 -associated adverse effects ( @entity1910 / @entity294 ) did demonstrate improved @entity1349 .

title: Phase II evaluation of @entity4562 in XXXX with newly diagnosed Grade 4 astrocytoma: Mayo/North Central @entity5 Treatment Group Study N0074.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical implications of bias and variance of point-of-care glucometric measurements in cardiac surgery @entity1 with wide variations in postoperative hematocrit. METHODS: Point-of-care @entity413 measurements were compared with values from laboratory analysis of the same sample of whole blood obtained from cardiac @entity1 early on postoperative days 1 and 2. Twenty nurses collected 89 arterial blood samples from 58 @entity1 during a 4-month period. Bias was measured by using difference scores between paired measurements. @entity1 were grouped within 5% increments according to hematocrit, and analysis of variance was used to test for differences. Variation was analyzed by precision-to-tolerance analysis within 3 euglycemic tolerance ranges. RESULTS: Laboratory @entity413 values were 62 to 224 mg/dL; point-of-care measures were 83 to 253 mg/dL. Bias was 10.85 mg/dL across all hematocrit groups. Pairs of laboratory and point-of-care @entity413 values differed significantly (t(174) = 10.03; P < .001). Bias increased from -2.83 mg/dL for @entity1 with hematocrits exceeding 39% to +16.71 mg/dL for @entity1 with hematocrits between 20% and 24%. The standard deviation of difference scores was 11.59 mg/dL overall. The difference between 5% hematocrit groups was significant (F(4) = 4.11; P = .004). Precision-to-tolerance capability ratios for specification limits of 70 to 300, 90 to 140, and 80 to 110 mg/dL were 0.30, 1.39, and 2.32, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The direction of bias change between hematocrit groupings was the direction predicted in the manufacturer's information. Precision-to-tolerance measures indicated that the point-of-care equipment was not suitable for testing @entity413 within the planned "tighter" glycemic standards.

title: Precision-to-tolerance capability: an important consideration in tight XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: High-dose intravenous proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) post endoscopy are recommended in non-variceal upper @entity360 (UGIB), as they improve outcomes of @entity1 with high-risk lesions. Determine the budget impact of using different PPI regimens in treating non-variceal UGIB, including pre- and post-endoscopic use, continuous infusion (high dose), and intermittent bolus (twice daily) dosing. METHODS: A budget impact analysis using a decision model informed with data from the literature adopting a US third party payer's perspective with a 30-day time horizon was used to determine the total cost per @entity1 (US 2014) presenting with acute UGIB. The base-case employing high-dose pre- and post-endoscopic IV PPI was compared with using only post-endoscopic PPI. For each, continuous or intermittent dosing regimens were assessed with associated incremental costs. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: The overall cost per @entity1 is  11,399 when high-dose IV PPIs are initiated before endoscopy. The incremental costs are all inferior in alternate-case scenarios:  106 less if only post-endoscopic high-dose IVs are used; with intermittent IV bolus dosing, the savings are  223 if used both pre and post endoscopy and  191 if only administered post endoscopy. Subgroup analysis suggests cost savings in @entity1 with clean-base @entity1066 who are discharged early after endoscopy. Results are robust to sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The incremental costs of using different IV PPI regimens are modest compared with total per @entity1 costs.

title: Timing or Dosing of Intravenous Proton Pump Inhibitors in XXXX Has Low Impact on Costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are @entity5 found in the bronchopulmonary tract, where they were first described in 1926. The @entity5 are associated with poor prognosis due to their high metastatic potency even after radical treatments associated with other neo- or adjuvant therapies. @entity5 of the @entity1494 is a rare @entity5 and accounts for 0.5% of @entity150 . METHODS: The study was designed as an observational, descriptive and retrospective study of 13 @entity1 diagnosed, treated, and followed for @entity5 of the @entity1494 at the Hospital and University Complex of Albacete, Albacete, Spain between 1995 and 2010. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 11 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 . Mean @entity1 age at the time of diagnosis was 71 (range, 57-88; SD, 6.98) years. T4 (6 @entity1 ) was the most common @entity5 stage, followed by T2 (5 @entity1 ) and T3 (2 @entity1 ). In the case of @entity5 stage, the most common was N2. In the remaining 3 @entity1 , the degree of lymph node involvement could not be assessed. Six presented distant @entity3 at the time of diagnosis. Eleven @entity1 presented small-cell @entity5 on histology. Seven underwent radical surgery (radical cystectomy). All other @entity1 were treated by deep transurethral resection of @entity150 , except for 1 @entity1 treated by partial cystectomy. Adjuvant chemo-therapy (usually an association of @entity3003 / @entity900 and @entity2879 ) was administered to 4 @entity1 . Of these 4 @entity1 , 2 were also treated by pelvic radiotherapy. Two @entity1 survived more than 5 years following diagnosis. In fact, at the time the study data was collected only 4 @entity1 had survived and 2 presented @entity5 recurrence. Of the 9 deaths, 8 occurred within 6 months of diagnosis and 1 at 24 months. All of them were the result of the disease itself. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 of the @entity1494 is a rare, aggressive @entity5 with high metastatic potential that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity150 . Despite various multimodality treatments have been used prognosis is poor.

title: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the XXXX . 15-year retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'NET', 'cancers', 'Neuroendocrine tumors', 'T tumor', 'Neuroendocrine tumor', 'N tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'urinary bladder neoplasms', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11544 is a cholinesterase inhibitor for treatment of mild to moderate @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity303 associated with @entity191 . The new patch formulation was recently made available. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and cognitive outcome of @entity11544 patch in treatment of mild to moderate @entity195 in clinical practice in Thailand. METHODS: A multicentre, hospital-based, prospective observational study was conducted in nine hospitals across Thailand. @entity1 with probable mild to moderate @entity195 who received the @entity11544 patch were enrolled. Data were collected data at baseline, weeks 4-8 and after week16. RESULTS: A total of 116 @entity195 @entity1 were screened, and three were excluded. Of 113 @entity1 , 62.8% were @entity1 with a mean age of 73.3    9.2 years; 79.7% were newly diagnosed. One-third of all @entity1 had been using antipsychotic or antidepressant medication. Common comorbidities were @entity101 and @entity2299 . The Thai Mental State Examination score significantly increased from 18.6 to 20.3 (weeks 4-8) and 20.4 (week 16+) (P < 0.001). Scores based on physicians' (Clinical Global Impression) and caregivers' ( @entity1 ' Caregiver Global Impression of Change) impressions of improvement suggested minimal improvement. Because of adverse events, seven @entity1 's dosages were reduced 10 cm(2) to 5 cm(2) or from 5 cm(2) to nothing. Itching was the most common adverse symptom. CONCLUSIONS: During the first 16 weeks after initiation of @entity11544 patch therapy, @entity1 with probable mild to moderate @entity195 had statistically significant improvement in cognitive function, but clinically marginal benefit. @entity11544 was safe and well tolerated.

title: XXXX patch for treatment of @entity195 in clinical practice in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivastigmine', 'rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity11544 :: (MESH:C072506,Chemical) :: ['Rivastigmine']


abstract: @entity5409 of the @entity788 are identified with increasing frequency by modern imaging. The @entity14775 ( @entity14775 ) is treated with resection for its malignant potential. How much preoperative evaluation is needed before undertaking operation is frequently a diagnostic dilemma. A retrospective review of 32 @entity1 who underwent resection of a @entity14775 between 1994 and 2007 was performed to define the preoperative evaluation and operative treatment of @entity14775 @entity1 . Thirty-two @entity1 (30 @entity1 ; mean age 49) had histology-proven @entity14775 . Twenty-seven @entity1 had symptomatic cysts (84%). Five had a history of @entity5990 and/or acute @entity788 . All @entity1 were worked up with CT and/or MRI. Endoscopic ultrasound was performed in 14 (44%) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in six (18%). Cytology was obtained in 13 (40%). Pathology revealed 22 benign MCNs (68%), five malignant MCNs (16%), and five MCNs with borderline pathology. Preoperative workup including CT or MRI imaging and cytology suggested @entity14775 as the lesion in 15 @entity1 (46%). CT features by itself predicted @entity14775 in three @entity1 (9%). Cytology revealed another six @entity1 (19%) with possible @entity14775 . In this series, preoperative workup did not identify three of five @entity1 with @entity5 . A preoperative diagnosis cannot be made in most @entity1 with @entity14775 . Operative treatment can be based on clinical presentation and CT imaging because endoscopic ultrasound and fine needle aspiration for evaluation may be misleading. Middle-aged @entity1 with @entity5409 in the tail of the @entity788 without prior @entity5990 or @entity788 history most typically fit the profile of the @entity14775 @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the @entity788 : how much preoperative evaluation is needed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions', 'Cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MCN malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'gallstone']

entities_list: @entity14775 :: ('MESH:D018297', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystic neoplasm', 'MCN']

answer: @entity14775 :: (MESH:D018297,Disease) :: ['Mucinous cystic neoplasms']


abstract: Modern medicine has helped to a great extent to eradicate and cure several diseases of mankind and animals. But the existence of incurable diseases like @entity5 , @entity791 ( @entity791 ), @entity6 or @entity309 , side effects of allopathic medicine, increasing trend of antibiotic resistance and chemicals and biopesticides causing dietary risk have made the situation more critical than ever before. Thus, it has become a matter of concern for the scientists and researchers to develop novel therapies. Bacteriophage therapy to treat pathogenic @entity2348 , virophage therapy for conservation of global system and avian egg yolk antibody therapy for designing prophylactic strategies against @entity344 are interesting approaches. Others include the use of cytokines as adjunctive immunomodulators, gene therapy focusing on diseases caused by @entity74 , RNAi technology to suppress specific gene of interest and apoptins for @entity5 treatment. Stem cell therapy against several diseases and ailments has also been discussed. The use of nanoparticles for better drug delivery, even though costly, has been given equal importance. Nevertheless, immunomodulation, be it through physiological, chemical or microbial products, or through essential micronutrients, probiotics, herbs or @entity291 therapy prove to be cost-effective, causing minimum adverse reactions when compared to allopathy. Development in the field of molecular biology has created an enormous impact on vaccine development. The present review deals with all these novel and emerging therapies essential to safeguard the health of @entity1 and companion animals.

title: Novel and emerging therapies safeguarding health of XXXX and their companion animals: a review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['single gene defects']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS', 'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) are one of the 6 general competencies required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). The clinician- @entity1 communication (CPC) workshop, developed by the Institute for Healthcare Communication, provides an interactive opportunity to practice and develop @entity497 . The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the impact of a CPC workshop on orthopedic surgery residents' @entity497 (2) determine the impact of physician alone or incorporation of nursing participation in the workshop, and (3) incorporate standardized @entity1 (SPs) in resident training and assessment of @entity497 . METHODS: Stratified by training year, 18 residents of an Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program were randomized to a CPC workshop with only residents (group A, n = 9) or a CPC workshop with nurse @entity1 (group B, n = 9). Data included residents' (1) @entity497 scores as evaluated by SPs and (2) self-reports from a 25-question survey on perception of @entity497 . Data were collected at baseline and 3 weeks following the workshop. RESULTS: Following the workshop, the combined group (group A and B) felt more strongly that the ACGME should require a communication training and evaluation curriculum (post mean = 52.7, post-pre difference = 15.94, p = 0.026). Group A residents felt more strongly that communication is a learned behavior (post mean = 82.7, post-pre difference = 17.67, p = 0.028), and the addition of SPs was a valuable experience (post mean = 59.3, post-pre difference = 16.44, p = 0.038). Group B residents reported less willingness to improve on their communication skills (post-mean = 79.7, post-pre difference = -7.44, p = 0.049) and less improvement in professional satisfaction in effective communication than group A (post mean group A = 81.9, group B = 83.6, post-pre difference group A = 7.11, group B = 1.89, p = 0.047). Few differences between groups regarding @entity497 scores were detected. CONCLUSIONS: While there was no demonstrable difference regarding @entity497 , our study indicates that @entity1 valued the importance of communication training and found SPs to be a valuable addition. The addition of interprofessional participation appeared to detract from the experience. Further study is warranted to elucidate the variables associated with interprofessional education within the context of @entity497 training and assessment using SPs in residency.

title: Evaluation of an interprofessional clinician- XXXX communication workshop utilizing standardized @entity1 methodology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'Communication and interpersonal skills']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) is thought to start with the acquisition of the t(9;22) chromosomal translocation that codes for the P210bcrabl @entity669 -specific protein kinase. The @entity1860 cells exhibit anchorage-independent cell growth and genetic instability. After the initial phase, the cells acquire the phenotype of growth factor-independent growth. After the chronic phase, the disease evolves into the accelerated and blastic phases through the process of sequential random mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify some of the genetic changes that contribute to the phenotype of blastic and accelerated phase cells, we used differential display PCR to compare levels of cDNA reverse transcripts of mRNA in 32Dc13 cells and 32Dc13 cells that were stably transfected with a bcrabl cDNA plasmid in a constitutively expressed transcription unit. These cells were designated 32Dc13P210bcrabl. For these studies, we used the 32D @entity2800 cell line, which depends on @entity2772 for growth. RESULTS: Following introduction of the bcr-abl cDNA through transfection, the cell line became growth factor independent, mimicking the change in phenotype that occurs during the later phases of @entity1860 . These differential display screening assays detected altered levels of transcripts for 28 genes. Of interest to the biology of growth factor-independent growth in the bcrabl-positive 32D cells was the fact that the C10 beta chemokine gene was expressed at higher levels in the 32Dc13 cells than in the 32Dc13P210bcrabl cells. CONCLUSIONS: These studies show that a C10 beta chemokine gene was expressed at different levels with or without P210bcrabl.

title: Presence of P210bcrabl is associated with decreased expression of a beta chemokine C10 gene in a P210bcrabl-positive XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['myeloid leukemia']


abstract: A novel polymorphism ( @entity33531 ) in the 3' flanking region and haplotypes were significantly associated with reduced @entity170 risk and enhanced @entity79 ( @entity79 ). These results suggest that @entity8945 may be a useful genetic marker for @entity170 . Our results provide preliminary evidence supporting an association of @entity8945 with @entity170 in postmenopausal @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: @entity8945 , a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, has been implicated in cell lineage determination and differentiation. METHODS: To address the genetic variations in the @entity8945 gene associated with @entity170 , we investigated the potential involvement of three @entity8945 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity170 in 729 postmenopausal @entity1 . @entity79 was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: A novel polymorphism in the 3' flanking region ( @entity33531 ) was significantly associated with @entity170 risk (p = 0.007-0.008) and also in multiple comparison (p = 0.02). Consistent with these results, haplotype analysis showed that Block1_ht2 had protective effects in the dominant and additive model (p = 0.006-0.007). Specifically, the @entity33531 polymorphism was overdominantly associated with higher @entity79 values of the femoral neck (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity8945 may be a useful genetic marker for @entity170 and may have a role on bone metabolism in @entity1 . Our results provide preliminary evidence supporting an association of @entity8945 with @entity170 in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Association of @entity8945 gene polymorphisms with @entity79 in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Members of the @entity470 family of growth factor receptors are intricately linked with epithelial cell biology, development and tumourigenesis; however, the mechanisms involved in their downstream signalling are poorly understood. Indeed, it is unclear how signal specificity is achieved and the relative contribution each receptor has to specific gene expression. METHODS: Gene expression profiling of a @entity1 mammary luminal epithelial cell model of @entity1722 -overexpression was carried out using cDNA microarrays with a common RNA reference approach to examine long-term overlapping and differential responses to EGF and heregulin beta1 treatment in the context of @entity1722 overexpression. Altered gene expression was validated using quantitative real time PCR and/or immunoblotting. One gene of interest was targeted for further characterisation, where the effects of siRNA-mediated silencing on @entity442 -dependent signalling and cellular phenotype were examined and compared to the effects of loss of @entity1722 expression. RESULTS: 775 genes were differentially expressed and clustered in terms of their growth factor responsiveness. As well as identifying uncharacterized genes as novel targets of @entity1722 -dependent signalling, @entity1722 overexpression augmented the induction of multiple genes involved in proliferation (e.g. MYC, @entity12363 , @entity25885 ), autocrine growth factor signalling ( @entity7 , PDGF) and adhesion/cytoskeletal regulation ( @entity25886 , @entity3499 , @entity10274 , @entity25887 , @entity12974 , @entity9616 , @entity25888 , @entity15008 ), linking them to the hyper-poliferative and altered adhesive phenotype of the @entity1722 -overexpressing cells. We also report @entity1722 -dependent down-regulation of multiple interferon-stimulated genes that may permit @entity1722 -overexpressing cells to resist the anti-proliferative action of interferons. Finally, @entity2301 was unique in its pattern of regulation and we further investigated a possible role for @entity2301 down-regulation in @entity1722 -dependent transformation through suppressed @entity442 signalling. We show that @entity442 -dependent signalling and proliferation were enhanced in @entity1722 -overexpressing cells, whilst loss of @entity1722 expression by siRNA silencing reduced @entity442 signalling. Furthermore, @entity2301 knockdown resulted in basal @entity3963 and Akt activation in luminal epithelial cells and increased invasiveness and anchorage-independent colony formation in SKBR3 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data show @entity2301 as a negative regulator of transformation and that its down-regulation enhances @entity442 -dependent signalling. They also show that @entity1722 can up-regulate @entity442 -dependent signalling, possibly via the regulated expression of @entity2301 .

title: Transcriptional profiling of @entity470 signalling in mammary luminal epithelial cells--interplay of @entity470 and @entity442 signalling through XXXX regulation.

answer: @entity2301 :: (3486,Gene) :: ['IGFBP3']


abstract: @entity13352 ( @entity3052 ) is an uncommon subtype of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ); it is considered to have a poor prognosis. From 1 January 1980 to 21 May 2008, 91 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3052 were seen at the University of Texas-M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center (UT-MDACC). Forty-five @entity1 (50%) had a history of @entity751 ( @entity751 ), compared with 41% in our control group ( @entity1 with other @entity3052 subtypes) (P=0.08). Poor-risk cytogenetics were more common in @entity1 with @entity3052 (61% versus 38%, P=0.001). Complete remission rates were 62% for @entity1 with @entity3052 , comparing with 58% for the control group (P=0.35). Median disease free survival (DFS) for @entity1 with @entity3052 was 32 weeks, versus 49 weeks for the control group (P=0.05). Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with @entity3052 was 36 weeks, compared with 43 weeks for the control group (P=0.60). On multivariate analysis for DFS and @entity1349 , @entity3052 was not an independent risk factor. @entity3052 is commonly associated with a previous diagnosis of @entity751 and poor-risk karyotype. The diagnosis of @entity3052 does not impart by itself a worse prognosis, and treatment decisions on this disease should be guided by well known @entity3052 prognostic factors.

title: Adult acute erythroleukemia: an analysis of 91 XXXX treated at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13352 :: ('MESH:C535673', 'Disease') :: ['Acute erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML-M6', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplatic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity13917 is frequently upregulated to induce a series of oncogenic effects, which is closely associated with poor survival and prognosis of @entity5 . However, the roles of @entity13917 in tumorigenesis and the detailed molecular mechanism in @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ) have rarely been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of @entity13917 in @entity3969 in vivo and the potential effects of @entity13917 on the proliferation and apoptosis in @entity1 cells. A total of 15 @entity1 with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity3969 and 15 paraneoplastic controls were enrolled. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) identified the upregulation of @entity13917 and downregulation of @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ) in @entity3969 tissues in comparison with adjacent normal tissue (p < 0.001). CCK-8 and flow cytometry assay found that inhibition of @entity13917 caused a significantly reduced proliferation along with a dramatically enhanced apoptosis of @entity1 cells (p < 0.01). @entity2301 was overexpressed in @entity1 cells by pEGFP-C1- @entity2301 plasmid transfection. Overexpression of @entity2301 suppressed the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of @entity1 cells (p < 0.01). Further study detected the decreased @entity2301 expression with @entity13917 mimics @entity1 cells and increased @entity2301 expression with @entity13917 inhibitor @entity1 cells compared with mock (p < 0.01). Dual luciferase reporter assay revealed a direct interaction between @entity13917 '-UTR site of @entity2301 . Overall, the above results indicated that @entity13917 targeted @entity2301 to induce the overgrowth and anti-apoptotic effects of @entity3969 cells, which could promote @entity3969 tumorigenesis. Therefore, @entity13917 may be further assessed as a potential target for the treatment of @entity3969 .

title: MicroRNA-197 Mediates the Overgrowth and Anti-Apoptotic Effects by Downregulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3 During XXXX Tumorigenesis.

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP3', 'insulin-like growth factors binding protein 3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor', 'nephroblastoma', 'WT']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Nephroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of @entity1726 suggests the existence of different subtypes. While some motor clusters have been consistently identified, little is known about non-motor @entity1726 subtypes and motor-non-motor interplay. Research in this regard has produced somewhat contradictory results, which might be biased by the inclusion of treated @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a non-hierarchical cluster analysis using both motor and non-motor data on 398 newly diagnosed untreated @entity1726 @entity1 enrolled in the @entity191 ( @entity191 ) study. We further evaluated whether @entity409 , as measured by @entity8828 SPECT scan, could explain, at least partially, the observed difference between the clusters. RESULTS: Three clusters were identified. Group 1 was characterized by the lowest motor and non-motor burden, whereas group 2 and 3 had similar motor disability, but different non-motor involvement, especially with regards to apathy and @entity1833 . @entity8828 binding values paralleled motor disability burden among the 3 clusters, but further multivariate analyses also revealed a negative correlation with @entity308 . DISCUSSION: Our results confirm the motor as well as non-motor heterogeneity of @entity1726 , suggesting the existence of 3 different subtypes. @entity409 only marginally explains the non-motor variability of @entity1726 . Identification of such clusters can have important implications for generating novel pathophysiological hypotheses and therapeutic strategies.

title: Clinical clusters and XXXX in de-novo @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Dopaminergic dysfunction', 'dopaminergic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Progressive Marker Initiative", 'PPMI']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['dopaminergic dysfunction']


abstract: We reviewed cases of re-thoracotomy performed for early complications after bronchoplastic procedures. One hundred and sixteen bronchoplasties were performed in our department over 20 years. The diseases for which bronchoplasty was undertaken were @entity2 in 102 @entity1 (87.9%), @entity378 of the bronchus in eight, @entity418 in three, and @entity130 in three. The most frequent @entity260 was difficulty of expectoration and @entity891 , which generally improved with conservative treatment. Re-thoracotomy was performed for early postoperative intrathoracic complications on 11 @entity1 . The reasons for re-thoracotomy were bronchial anastomotic dehiscence in five cases, obstruction of bronchial @entity254 in two, @entity891 in two, and occlusion of @entity358 in two cases. All except two underwent re-thoracotomy within two weeks of the first operations. The operative procedures performed were completion pneumonectomy in six cases, re-bronchoplasty in three, suture of anastomotic dehiscence in two, patch closure of @entity2294 with @entity1173 of secretions in the atelectatic lobe in one, and partial decortication with suture closure of the @entity292 in one. Pedicled omental wrapping was applied to two @entity1 with re-bronchoplasty and one with completion pneumonectomy. @entity532 after re-thoracotomy were @entity1887 in two cases, @entity292 in two, and @entity55 in one. Two @entity1 underwent a third thoracotomy. There was no anastomotic dehiscence or @entity292 in the @entity1 with pedicled omental wrapping. One @entity1 died due to @entity292 within 30 days of re-thoracotomy. Six @entity1 died of recurrence or @entity55 from 39 days to one year after re-thoracotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of re-thoracotomy for the management of early XXXX after bronchoplastic operations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial defect']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis of pulmonary arterial angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistula', 'alveolar fistula']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: @entity19761 regulates bone remodelling through a decrease of the resorptive process and should therefore ameliorate the remodelling processes active in @entity571 of the @entity2720 (' @entity79 ') and alleviate pain associated with abnormal bone lysis. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the efficacy of @entity19761 , administered as a single infusion at a dose of 1 mg/kg bwt, in the treatment of @entity79 in the @entity1641 . METHODS: A double blind placebo controlled trial on 108 clinical cases of @entity79 was undertaken. The @entity1273 score of the lamest limb was assessed following distal tarsal analgesia of the contralateral limb and followed-up using the same procedure throughout the study. Bone spavin in the lamest limb was confirmed by distal tarsal analgesia and radiography. @entity1641 were treated at Day 0 and reassessed 60 days later after controlled exercise. A second nonblinded treatment was given to unresponsive @entity1641 and all @entity1641 were re-examined at Day 120. Exercise levels were recorded at each examination. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1641 completed the trial as per the protocol. The @entity19761 @entity1641 were significantly less lame than the placebo @entity1641 (P = 0.0318). @entity1641 treated at Day 60 with @entity19761 showed further improvement in @entity1273 at Day 120 (P = 0.0096 and P = 0.0034 for @entity1641 treated with @entity19761 and placebo at Day 0, respectively). The only significant difference in radiographic findings between @entity19761 and placebo was for presence of periarticular @entity5040 (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: @entity19761 treatment is proven to be effective in @entity79 in @entity1641 in association with a controlled exercise programme. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity19761 in combination with controlled exercise offers an alternate medical treatment for @entity79 .

title: XXXX infusion in the treatment of @entity79 : a double blind placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity19761 :: ('MESH:C058651', 'Chemical') :: ['Tiludronate', 'tiludronate']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horse', 'horses']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone spavin']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['distal tarsal joints']

answer: @entity19761 :: (MESH:C058651,Chemical) :: ['Tiludronate']


abstract: Background: Appropriate footwear is recommended for self-management of knee @entity571 . Shoes that reduce harmful knee loads are available, but symptomatic effects are uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of unloading shoes in alleviating @entity626 . Design: @entity1 - and assessor-blinded comparative effectiveness randomized, controlled trial. (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613000851763). Setting: Community. @entity1 : 164 @entity1 with medial knee @entity571 . Intervention: Walking shoes with triple-density, variable-stiffness midsoles and mild lateral-wedge insoles designed to unload the medial knee and worn daily (intervention) versus conventional walking shoes (comparator). Measurements: Primary outcomes were @entity158 with walking (assessed on a numerical rating scale [NRS]) and physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index [WOMAC]) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were @entity158 and stiffness (WOMAC), average @entity158 (NRS), intermittent and constant @entity158 (Intermittent and Constant @entity158 questionnaire), quality of life (Assessment of Quality of Life instrument), physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly), and global change in @entity158 and function (Likert scales). Results: A total of 160 @entity1 (98%) completed primary outcome measures at 6 months. Changes in @entity158 (mean difference, 0.0 units [95% CI, -0.9 to 0.8 unit]) and function (mean difference, 0.3 unit [CI, -3.2 to 3.7 units]) did not differ between groups at 6 months, with both groups showing clinically relevant improvements in function and the intervention group showing clinically relevant improvements in @entity158 . There were no differences in secondary outcomes. @entity158 was globally improved in 54% of @entity1 , and function was globally improved in 44% to 48%. Unloading shoes were not associated with increased probability of improvement (odds ratios, 0.99 [CI, 0.53 to 1.86] for @entity158 and 0.85 [CI, 0.45 to 1.61] for function). Limitation: Effects on joint structure were not evaluated. Conclusion: Shoes with modified midsoles to unload the medial knee conferred no additional benefit over conventional walking shoes. Both improved @entity158 and function by clinically relevant amounts. Primary Funding Source: Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.

title: Unloading Shoes for Self-Management of Knee XXXX : A Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participant', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'knee pain', 'Osteoarthritis Pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: The aqueous, @entity27831 -free extract from kava (Piper methysticum) and the lipid-soluble extract (kava resin) were tested for their effect on @entity4944 -induced hypermotility in @entity19 and on conditioned avoidance response behavior in @entity35 in a shelf-jump apparatus. Both kava extracts reduced @entity4944 -induced hypermotility. Aqueous kava extract in i.p. doses of 30 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg had no effect on conditioned avoidance responses. At or below 100 mg/kg i.p. kava resin also failed to modify the number of conditioned avoidance responses obtained. However, 125 mg/kg of resin significantly reduced the number of conditioned avoidance responses by 18%. Increasing the dose of kava to 150 mg/kg caused ataxia and sedation which was so marked that a modified protocol was necessary. Only a marginally greater effect on conditioned avoidance response was obtained under these conditions. The effect of kava extract was slight compared to that of the standard antipsychotic drugs @entity2644 and @entity1767 in our procedure.

title: Effect of aqueous and lipid-soluble extracts of kava on the conditioned avoidance response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The road to clarity for @entity303 mechanisms has been one fraught with a wide range of complications and numerous revisions with a lack of a final solution. Importantly, @entity2806 is a leading cause of @entity204 and @entity73 worldwide. However, the mechanisms of progressive @entity73 following @entity2806 are not yet certain. Data from animal models and clinical pioneering studies of @entity2806 have demonstrated an increase in expression and processing of amyloid precursor protein to a neurotoxin oligomeric b-amyloid peptide. Functional and memory brain restoration after @entity2806 is delayed and incomplete due to a lesion related increase in the amount of the neurotoxin amyloid protein. Moreover, @entity63 is strongly accelerated by aging, too. In this review, we will present our current thinking about biogenesis of amyloid from the amyloid precursor protein in @entity2806 , and how this factor presents etiological, therapeutic and diagnostic targets that are now under consideration. Progressive @entity2806 parenchyma may be caused not only by degeneration of selectively vulnerable neurons destroyed during @entity63 but also by acute and chronic damage of resistant areas of the brain and progressive damage in the blood-brain barrier. We propose that in @entity303 an @entity63 precedes the cerebrovascular and brain parenchyma accumulation of @entity195 related neurotoxin b-amyloid peptide, which in turn amplifies the @entity531 triggering focal @entity63 episodes as a vicious cycle preceding final neurodegenerative pathology. Persistent @entity63 blood-brain barrier insufficiency with accumulation of neurotoxin b-amyloid protein in the brain tissue, especially in extracellular perivascular space and blood-brain barrier microvessels, may gradually, over a lifetime, progress to @entity1010 and to full-blown @entity63 with @entity195 phenotype.

title: XXXX with @entity195 phenotype: selectively vulnerable versus resistant areas of the brain and neurodegeneration versus b-amyloid peptide.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'injury of the ischemic brain', 'brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'initial ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic', 'ischemic dementia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Postischemic dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Angiogenesis is very important in clinical features of @entity977 . We investigated the relationship between the blood flow of nonfunctioning @entity4611 measured by arterial spin-labeled perfusion imaging and the microvessel attenuation of the tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional MR imaging with contrast-enhanced T1WI and arterial spin-labeled perfusion imaging were performed before surgery in 11 consecutive @entity1 with nonfunctioning @entity4611 . ROIs were drawn on the @entity5 , and the degrees of enhancement were calculated by dividing the signal intensity on the contrast-enhanced T1WI by that on the nonenhanced TIWI. As an index of @entity5 perfusion, a quantitative analysis was performed by using normalized @entity5 blood flow values calculated by dividing the mean value of the @entity5 region of interest by the mean region of interest values in the 2 cerebellar hemispheres. The relative microvessel attenuation was determined as the total microvessel wall area divided by the entire tissue area on CD-31-stained specimens. The degree of enhancement and the normalized @entity5 blood flow values were compared with relative microvessel attenuation. Additionally, intra- and @entity86 hemorrhages were visually graded. RESULTS: The degree of enhancement was not correlated with relative microvessel attenuation. Statistically significant correlations were observed between normalized @entity5 blood flow values and relative microvessel attenuation (P < .05). At surgery, 3 cases were visually determined to be @entity5 , and 1 of these cases had symptomatic @entity86 . A statistically significant difference in normalized @entity5 blood flow values was observed visually between the intraoperative @entity1585 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Arterial spin-labeled perfusion imaging reflects the vascular density of nonfunctioning @entity4611 , which may be useful in the preoperative prediction of intra- and @entity86 .

title: Arterial spin-labeled perfusion imaging reflects vascular density in nonfunctioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hypervascular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative tumor', 'postoperative hemorrhage', 'postoperative tumor hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['hypovascular and hypervascular groups']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['pituitary macroadenomas']


abstract: @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is a subtype of @entity978 characterized by an indolent clinical course and by distinctive histological and immunological features. Coexistence of diffuse or nodular @entity978 with large-cell @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) distant from the presenting site has rarely been reported. We studied three cases of simultaneous @entity978 and large-cell @entity1893 . Two cases involved @entity1 , aged 66 and 20 years, with neck and axillary masses, respectively. Biopsy of each mass revealed nodular @entity978 . In one case the spleen contained areas of both @entity978 and large-cell @entity1893 , whereas only large-cell @entity1893 was found in the spleen of the other @entity1 . The @entity1 are alive 49 months and 29 months after diagnosis. The third case was from a 4-year-old @entity1 with a neck mass that revealed both diffuse @entity978 and areas of large-cell @entity1893 . Local recurrence prompted therapy, and the @entity1 is in complete remission 31 months after diagnosis. Immunophenotyping in all three cases showed the Reed-Sternberg variant lymphocytic and histiocytic cells to be B-lymphocytes. The @entity1893 cells in two cases were B-cells; in the @entity1 , the cells reacted only with leukocyte common antigen. Immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain genes were rearranged in the @entity1893 cells in the spleen of one case, and heavy-chain genes were rearranged in the lymph node of the @entity1 . It appears that when large-cell @entity1893 and @entity978 occur simultaneously, even when the large-cell @entity1893 occurs at a site distant from the @entity978 , the @entity1 's clinical course is like the indolent course of @entity978 rather than like the typically aggressive course of large-cell @entity1893 . This clinical course, together with immunophenotyping and genotyping studies, suggests a developmental relationship between these two @entity706 when they occur simultaneously.

title: Simultaneous lymphocyte predominant @entity978 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease", 'LPHD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['large-cell lymphoma']


abstract: One hundred consecutive needle localization biopsies were performed for nonpalpable @entity1558 discovered on low-dose mammography of asymptomatic @entity1 between June, 1984, and August, 1986. @entity5 was found on 21 biopsies. Four were @entity189 in situ, and 17 were @entity189 . Only three of the @entity189 had @entity3 to regional nodes, as confirmed by subsequent axillary dissection. Two of these metastatic @entity5 involved two nodes and the third only one. The findings on the remaining 79 biopsies were benign. Forty-eight mammograms were read as "benign"; all (100%) were benign pathologically. Thirty-one mammograms were considered "malignant"; 19 (61%) were malignant pathologically. Only two of the 21 mammograms given "suspicious" interpretations were malignant. Microcalcifications correlated with @entity5 only 30% of the time (12/42).

title: Correlation between mammography and the pathology of nonpalpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant disease', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasized']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite oral corticosteroid therapy, some @entity1 with @entity565 have frequent exacerbations requiring emergency room visits, hospitalization, and occasionally, mechanical ventilation. We compared the effects of high-dose intramuscular @entity2713 with oral @entity229 in @entity1 with severe chronic @entity565 . METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study that spanned all seasons, we treated 12 @entity1 with high-dose intramuscular @entity2713 (360 mg over the first three days of the treatment period) or low-dose oral @entity229 (median dose, 12.5 mg per day throughout the period; range 0 to 30). The two three-month treatment periods were separated by a three-month washout period. During all periods the @entity1 were allowed to take additional doses of @entity229 for acute exacerbations of @entity565 . RESULTS: After receiving @entity2713 , the @entity1 had significantly better peak expiratory flow rates than while receiving @entity229 (the average [+/- SEM] weekly percent of the predicted value during the @entity2713 period was 91.5 +/- 6.9, as compared with 75.0 +/- 5.9 for the @entity229 period; P less than 0.05). During the @entity229 period there were 21 emergency room visits and 10 hospitalizations, but there were none during the @entity2713 period (P less than 0.05). There were two episodes of @entity177 during the @entity229 period. Total @entity134 doses were significantly smaller during the @entity2713 period than during the @entity229 period (P less than 0.04). Steroidal side effects were more pronounced after treatment with @entity2713 than after treatment with @entity229 (P less than 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that high-dose intramuscular @entity2713 is more effective than low-dose @entity229 in @entity1 with severe, chronic, life-threatening @entity565 , but steroidal side effects are somewhat worse.

title: High-dose intramuscular XXXX in severe, chronic, life-threatening @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: AIMS: Despite the largely poor prognosis for @entity1 with @entity463 , 5-year survival approaches 10%. In many circumstances the reasons for discrepant outcomes remain unknown. This retrospective cohort study compared clinical and socio-demographic variables between long-term and poor survivors with @entity463 . METHODS: Data from @entity1 with @entity463 diagnosed from 1998-2010 were accessed from two institutions. The cohort was divided into poor (<6 months), average (6-24 months) and long-term (>24 months) survivors. Clinical and socio-demographic variables were compared. RESULTS: In total 529 @entity1 were included; 221 (42%) were poor, 260 (49%) average and 48 (9%) long-term survivors. Those surviving >24 months were younger and significantly more likely to be in a higher socioeconomic status group; be of a better performance status; have a @entity1313 ; have a craniotomy (rather than a biopsy); have a macroscopic resection; have two or more operations; and participate in a clinical trial. Country of birth, regional versus city residence and public versus private hospital treatment were not associated with differential survival outcomes. An ordered logistic regression analysis showed that age, performance status, extent of resection and clinical trial participation were independently associated with survival. CONCLUSION: Reassuringly, no statistically significant socio-demographic differences exist when comparing long-term and poor survivors with @entity463 . @entity1 surviving more than 2 years were significantly more likely to have participated in a clinical trial. This research could contribute towards informing further research on prognostic variables for @entity1 with @entity463 .

title: Comparison between poor and long-term survivors with XXXX : review of an Australian dataset.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe tumor']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: The present experiments were performed to characterize the gestational changes in endothelin (ET)-1-induced @entity2472 and ET receptors in @entity35 . ET-1-induced contractions were composed of two types: increases in resting tone and rhythmic contractions. The increase in resting tone was decreased at 7 days of gestation, but increased at 20 days. The increase in amplitude and frequency of rhythmic contractions remained unchanged during days 7-14 of gestation. Continuous rhythmic contractions were not produced by ET-1 near the term. Both contractions were inhibited by the antagonists @entity11344 and Ro 46-2005 but not by RES 701-1 or @entity11345 . In binding studies, total binding sites of [1251]-ET-1 were unchanged, however higher affinity binding sites appeared during pregnancy in addition to the lower affinity sites. The specific [125I]-ET-1 binding in non-pregnant and pregnant myometrium was completely inhibited by unlabelled ET-1 and Ro 46-2005. In contrast, the proportion which was inhibited by @entity11344 was decreased during pregnancy. In conclusion, characteristic gestational changes were the augmentation of ET-1-induced increased resting tone near term, and the appearance of high affinity ET-1 binding sites and an increase in @entity11344 -resistant ET-1 binding sites during pregnancy. Further investigations are needed to understand the physiological role of these changes.

title: Gestational changes in endothelin-1-induced receptors and XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial contractions']

answer: @entity2472 :: (MESH:C536214,Disease) :: ['myometrial contractions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To asses the association of acute reactants and @entity35189 ( @entity650 _ @entity687 ) at diagnosis of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) and clinical outcome. METHODS: 100 @entity1 were diagnosed of @entity1211 by image tests. Acute reactants ( @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity2002 ), D-dimer and @entity650 and @entity687 we measured at the moment of diagnosis. We made a 12 month follow-up of these @entity1 to notice any clinical evolution outcomes (recurrences, @entity548 , @entity6413 , @entity204 ). RESULTS: @entity650 was increased in 9 @entity1 and @entity687 in 3. The risk factors, time to diagnosis and @entity1151 rate were similar in both interleukin groups (normal and high levels). @entity2002 levels were significantly increased in high @entity650 group (585 +/- 179 vs. 485 +/- 154 mgr/dl; p = 0.05). During follow-up there were 5 deaths, 3 recurrences, 11 bleedings and 43 @entity5226 . Normal ESR level was associated to @entity5226 (17.8 +/- 14.5 vs. 31.4 +/- 27.4 mm/1st h; p = 0.016). @entity1 who had high levels of @entity650 had worse survival than these with normal levels (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: @entity650 , ESR, and CPR at diagnosis of @entity1211 could be useful to identified @entity1 with higher risks of @entity204 and @entity5226 during the first year after diagnosis.

title: [Acute-phase reactants and markers of inflammation in XXXX : correlation with clinical and evolution parameters].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity5226 :: ('MESH:D011186', 'Disease') :: ['postphlebitic syndromes', 'postphlebitic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolic disease', 'VTD']

entities_list: @entity6413 :: ('MESH:D038223', 'Disease') :: ['post-phlebitic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolic disease']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate mechanisms of exercise-induced @entity120 in @entity1 with @entity18975 . This was a randomized, placebo controlled, crossover drug trial in a single national pediatric cardiology centre that performs @entity299 surgery. There were 14 @entity1 with @entity18975 and known exercise-induced @entity120 . The intervention consisted of 50 mg oral @entity7855 versus placebo. Measurements included supine bicycle exercise echocardiography and @entity26 uptake. The outcome measure was right-ventricular systolic pressure as estimated by Doppler tracings of tricuspid regurgitant jet as well as systolic and diastolic longitudinal myocardial velocities by color tissue Doppler echocardiography. @entity7855 did not change exercise right-ventricular systolic pressure during exercise; however, @entity551 was seen. Enhanced biventricular longitudinal function with @entity7855 compared with placebo was indicated by greater tissue Doppler velocities and displacement measurements during exercise. Finally, a less steep increase of right-ventricular pressure during exercise was associated with greater left-ventricular diastolic myocardial tissue Doppler velocity. Exercise-induced @entity120 in @entity18975 does not seem to have a pulmonary vasoconstrictive component, but it may be related to left-ventricular filling pressure. Furthermore, @entity7855 improved biventricular systolic performance in this @entity1 group, possibly related to decreased systemic afterload.

title: Mechanisms of exercise-induced @entity120 in XXXX with @entity18975 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity18975 :: ('MESH:D006343', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac septal defects', 'congenital cardiac septal defects']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac defect']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased systemic systolic pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity174 often occur in a fragile elderly population that is prone to @entity149 following operative treatment of extremity @entity174 . The nonunion rate and early complication rate following laterally based locked plating in this specific @entity174 are not well described. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study conducted at three affiliated tertiary care hospitals to evaluate nonunion, early post operative complications, discharge disposition, length of stay, and mortality in @entity1 over 60 years old undergoing laterally based locked plating of a low energy @entity174 . RESULTS: Forty-four out of 176 @entity1 were deceased at one year (25%). Predictors of one year mortality included older age, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and delay to surgery greater than 2days (p<0.001). Of 99 @entity1 alive and with follow up at one year, 24 (24%) developed a nonunion and 21 of 24 required nonunion surgery. Development of a @entity281 was statistically significantly correlated with development of nonunion. Age and CCI did not predict development of nonunion. Average length of stay was 10days and 82% of @entity1 were discharged to a skilled nursing facility. Thirty eight percent of @entity1 experienced at least one postoperative systemic complication. CONCLUSIONS: Laterally based locked plating of the low energy geriatric @entity174 is most often followed by a tumultuous post-operative course with a high rate of @entity149 including death, nonunion, and extended hospital stays. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III prognostic.

title: @entity174 : Are we underestimating the rate of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['local and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Low energy distal femur fractures', 'distal femur fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['local and systemic complications']


abstract: Clinical data on optimal management of mechanical complications of @entity583 are lacking. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) on 30-day survival in @entity1 with postinfarction @entity9009 ( @entity9009 , n  = 55) or @entity339 ( @entity339 , n  = 26) who developed either @entity1455 (n  = 46) or severe hemodynamic instability that did not fulfill the criteria of @entity1457 (n  = 35). IABP was inserted in 83% of the @entity1 with @entity1457 and 57% of those without @entity1457 . Thirty-five (76%) @entity1 with @entity1457 and all unstable @entity1 survived until surgical repair, which was performed within a median (interquartile range) of 1 (1 to 2) and 9 (2 to 18) days from the onset of the complication (p <0.001). All @entity1 who did not undergo the operation died within 3  days. Although @entity339 presented more acutely, the @entity1 ' outcomes were similar to those with @entity9009 . IABP support reduced 30-day mortality in the @entity1 with @entity1457 (61% vs 100%, p  = 0.04) but not in the @entity1 without @entity1457 (20% vs 27%, p  = 0.7). The benefit of IABP support in the @entity1457 cohort was driven mainly by reduction of preoperative mortality (11% vs 88%, p <0.001). Early progression of @entity1455 and unperformed surgery were the only independent predictors of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 8 and hazard ratio 5.1, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 11, respectively; p  = 0.004 and p <0.001, respectively). In conclusion, we suggest that all @entity1 with postinfarction @entity9009 or acute @entity339 with signs of @entity1455 should immediately receive IABP as a bridge to emergent surgical repair. In contrast, hemodynamically unstable @entity1 without @entity1457 may be first stabilized by medical therapy, without additional benefit of IABP, before they undergo cardiac surgery.

title: Utility of intra-aortic balloon pump support for XXXX and @entity339 complicating acute @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['acute mitral regurgitation', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['VSR', 'ventricular septal rupture']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity9009 :: (MESH:D018658,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal rupture']