abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the MEAMS (Golding, 1989) for detecting @entity73 after @entity64 . @entity64 @entity1 admitted to hospital received a cognitive screening assessment, the MEAMS, and a detailed cognitive assessment. The information obtained from the detailed assessment was summarised in a structured written report. From the conclusions in these reports, @entity1 were classified as "impaired" or "not impaired" in perception, memory, executive function and language. The sensitivity and specificity of the MEAMS subtests and the overall number of tests passed were determined in relation to the presence of impairment, as given in the overall conclusion of the written reports. There were 30 @entity64 @entity1 , aged 58 to 92 (mean 75.80, SD 7.94) years. Of these, 17 were @entity1 and 13 were @entity1 . The sensitivity of the MEAMS subtests ranged from 11% to 100% and the specificity ranged from 69% to 100%. The sensitivity of the overall MEAMS score was 52% and the specificity was 100%, using a cut-off score of 3 or more fails to indicate impairment. Three subtests, Orientation, Naming and Unusual views had 81% sensitivity and 50% specificity for detecting problems in language, perception or memory. The MEAMS was not a sensitive screen for overall @entity73 or for memory, perceptual, language, or executive function problems after @entity64 , but it was specific. Although screening for @entity73 is important, the MEAMS is not recommended as the sole method, as it produces an unacceptably high false negative rate. Three subtests (Orientation, Naming and Unusual views) had 81% sensitivity and 50% specificity for detecting cognitive problems in language, perception or memory after @entity64 .

title: The sensitivity and specificity of the Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State (MEAMS) for detecting @entity73 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The effects of @entity7843 on reproductive development of male @entity5872 were examined. Male @entity5872 were exposed to high (5 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts/quail) or low (5 x 10(3) sporulated oocysts/quail) doses of Eimeria uzura at 16 or 30 days of age and sampled at 37 days. Quail given high doses of coccidia had reduced testes weight and lowered circulating concentrations of @entity342 compared with control males. Low doses of coccidia did not affect testes weight but did result in elevated plasma @entity342 levels. There were no differences in average testes weights by 51 days; however, plasma @entity342 was still reduced in most groups. To study the effects of @entity7843 on egg production, males exposed to high doses of coccidia at 16 (16H) or 30 (30H) days of age were mated with control females, and control males were mated with control or 16H females. The onset of laying was delayed for 5 days in the control male: 16H female group. During the first week of production, eggs from females bred to 30H males had lower fertility and hatchability than those bred to control or 16H males. By the third week of production, levels of fertility were similar. Apparently, exposure of quails to @entity7843 before sexual maturation might result in long-term effects on later reproductive capability.

title: Effect of @entity7843 on reproductive maturation of male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize expression patterns of active genes in @entity1 retina, and to isolate novel genes that are uniquely expressed in this tissue. METHODS: A 3'-directed complementary DNA (cDNA) library that faithfully represents the composition of messenger RNA (mRNA) was constructed with an mRNA preparation from a cadaveric @entity1 retina. A total of 925 3' terminal sequences were collected by sequencing randomly selected clones, of which 789 were regarded as representing chromosomally coded genes ( @entity74 [ @entity74 ]). @entity74 were compared with each other and searched against GenBank. The resulting expression profile, listing gene species and their frequency, represents the composition of mRNA in the retina. By comparing this expression profile with those obtained from 10 other source cells or tissues, genes uniquely active in the retina were discovered, including some not previously described. A full-sized cDNA corresponding to one of these was isolated and sequenced. Its expression was analyzed by multitissue Northern hybridization and in situ hybridization to the retina specimen. It was then mapped on @entity1 chromosomes. RESULTS: In the expression profile, 108 genes were detected recurrently, suggesting that they are very active. Fifty-five of them were identified in GenBank, including the most abundant opsin gene and several other genes for phototransduction. Among the remaining novel and active genes, 19 were considered unique to retina on the basis of their representation status in other expression profiles and in dbEST. One of these was identified as a gene that encodes a novel secretory protein expressed in a rod photoreceptor that maps to chromosome 18p11.3. CONCLUSIONS: The expression profile of active genes in the retina represents the composition of mRNA, which reflects the relative activities of genes in this tissue. A comparison of this expression profile with those obtained with other tissues resulted in isolation of a novel cDNA specifically expressed in the rod photoreceptor. It is anticipated that additional novel genes that are uniquely active in the neural retina may be obtained with the same strategy, leading to further clarification of the biologic or physiological characteristics of this tissue.

title: An expression profile of genes in XXXX retina and isolation of a complementary DNA for a novel rod photoreceptor protein.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['gene signatures', 'GS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of unilateral nephrectomy on cell proliferation of normal urinary bladder epithelium in adult @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following unilateral nephrectomy or sham operation 5 @entity35 for each time point were sacrificed and their bladders were removed at 6 and 12 hours and also on 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. Another 5 @entity35 were not operated and served as the control. The percent number of @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) positive cells and the number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were determined for each bladder. RESULTS: In the nephrectomized groups, a significant increase of @entity1975 expression in urothelial cells of the bladder was found at each sacrifice time with the exception of 28 and 56 days when compared with that of the control and corresponding sham-operated groups. Percent @entity1975 labeling index ( @entity1975 -LI) reached a peak value of approximately 9.1% on day 2 post operation. From day 4 post nephrectomy, however, @entity1975 -LI decreased gradually reaching control levels by day 28. No significant difference was found between the control and sham-operated groups. The mean number of AgNOR dots in nephrectomized @entity35 sacrificed on day 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 post operation was significantly larger than that of the control and corresponding sham-operated groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that unilateral nephrectomy temporarily enhances normal urothelial cell proliferation in adult @entity35 bladder.

title: Increased cell proliferation of urothelium in XXXX bladder following unilateral nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity358 were found in seven (0.6%) of 1183 @entity1 with @entity215 . Three @entity1 had totally anomalous connections (one supracardiac, one direct to coronary sinus, and one mixed supracardiac and infracardiac) and four @entity1 had partially @entity358 . All @entity1 presented with the clinical features of @entity215 . @entity1700 was suspected clinically in only one @entity1 in whom there was a scimitar sign on the chest radiograph. The exact diagnosis was established by cross sectional echocardiography (one), preoperative or postoperative angiography (five), or at necropsy (one). Surgery was performed in six @entity1 . Total correction without re-routing of the anomalously draining veins was successful in all those with partially anomalous connections, with no significant long term sequelae (follow up median 17 years). Of those with totally anomalous connections, the full diagnosis was made only at necropsy in one @entity1 , successful one-stage correction was performed in one, and the other @entity1 , who had partially obstructed mixed drainage, died shortly after one-stage correction. Histological examination of the lung biopsy specimen in this @entity1 showed grade 2 @entity358 . Tetralogy of Fallot with @entity358 is a rare association. Careful preoperative assessment is required in those with totally anomalous connections.

title: Tetralogy of Fallot with XXXX : a rare but clinically important association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular disease', 'anomalous pulmonary venous connections', 'Anomalous pulmonary venous connections']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous connections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very little information is available on @entity2520 in Canadian adults. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of periodontal problems in Quebec adults aged 35 to 44. METHODS: A total of 2,110 randomly selected Quebec adults were examined between September 1994 and July 1995. The participation rate was 77% for the questionnaire and 44.5% for the oral examination. Measurements for @entity548 , calculus, epithelial attachment and periodontal pocket depths were taken for each tooth. RESULTS: More than 80% of examined @entity1 presented with @entity548 on at least one tooth, and 75% presented with calculus on at least one tooth. The CPITN indicated that only 5.2% of individuals had no treatment needs, and that one out of 5 necessitated complex treatment. @entity1 with low family income, @entity1 and @entity1 living in metropolitan areas are at higher risk of having at least one tooth with a pocket >6 mm. @entity4500 (regular dental visits, brushing and flossing frequency) were not significantly associated with the presence of periodontal pockets. Finally, individuals were relatively unaware of their periodontal problems. CONCLUSION: Increasing the population s awareness of @entity2520 will be a major task for public health workers. The dental profession and the dental industry need to develop awareness campaigns to improve prevention, management and control of periodontal problems. It is especially important to target @entity1 at risk, in particular @entity1 and low-income groups. As well, dental schools and continuing education courses should focus on this problem with the aim of modifying dental practices.

title: XXXX among Quebec adults aged 35 to 44 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['Dental health behaviours']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gingival bleeding']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['Periodontal diseases']


abstract: @entity177 is a common complication in @entity1 with @entity1582 . It is generally due to tubular light-chain damage, and it is reversible in about 50% of @entity1 . The reversibility rate depends on the degree of light-chain @entity8 . The initial therapy should consist of @entity619 - or @entity786 -based regimens. High-dose therapy/autologous transplant may be of benefit in selected @entity1 . Early plasma exchange may be useful in @entity1 who have severe @entity177 but do not yet require dialysis. Renal replacement with dialysis is a worthwhile measure in @entity1 with @entity454 . @entity417 is the most common hematologic complication. About 70% of anemic @entity1 respond to recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEPO), resulting not only in an increase in the hemoglobin level but also in an improvement in the quality of life. The hemoglobin level should ideally be maintained at around 12 g/dL. Infection is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1582 . The highest risk of @entity281 is within the first 2 months of initiation of therapy as well as in @entity1 with @entity177 and in those with relapsed and @entity66 .

title: Renal, hematologic and infectious complications in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: A case of @entity9844 of the mammary stroma after removal of a @entity1557 is described. The lesion, which was found in the right breast of a 40-year-old @entity1 , was a well-circumscribed non-encapsulated, rubbery, lobulated mass measuring 40x40x35 mm. Histologically, it consisted predominantly of a proliferation of spindle cells with interanastomosing vascular-like arrangements in the interlobular or interductal stroma. Neither cytological atypia nor mitotic figures were observed. The stroma contained abundant collagen with focal hyalinization. Focally, epithelial elements showed mild @entity1373 . There was no @entity1557 . Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells were positive for @entity2277 , @entity2280 , alpha-smooth muscle actin, muscle actin, @entity2280 , calponin, and @entity1420 receptors. Ultrastructurally, many spindle cells had thin elongated cytoplasmic processes, which enveloped pseudovascular spaces containing a few collagenous fibrils, indicating fibroblastic cells. This lesion should be distinguished from other mammary fibrous and @entity455 with which it may be confused.

title: XXXX of mammary stroma: a case of pure type after removal of @entity1557 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity9844 :: ('MESH:C535824', 'Disease') :: ['pure pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity9844 :: (MESH:C535824,Disease) :: ['Pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia']


abstract: This survey was based on five recently published papers. The aims of the studies were to to investigate the effect of general anaesthesia on antroduodenal motility, gastric pH and gastric emptying. Antroduodenal motility was measured by manometry, gastric pH by a stomach microelectrode and gastric emptying rate using @entity1443 absorption as an index. Two studies deal with antroduodenal motility during basal conditions and after administration of @entity1443 and @entity3175 in 11 healthy volunteers. Three studies deal with the effects of 4 different methods of general anaesthesia on antroduodenal motility, gastric pH and gastric emptying rate in 43 @entity1 undergoing orthopedic or plastic surgery not involving the abdomen having four different methods of general anaesthesia. In the healthy volunteers a close connection between antral activity and gastric emptying rate was found. @entity1443 had no effects on gastric pH. The changes in motility (a shortening of phase III and a decline in the incidence of antral phase III activity) were minor and ascribed to diurnal variations and by a possible stimulation of antral activity by the positioning of the manometric tube. It was found that no @entity1443 was absorbed in the quiescent phase I, irrespective of its duration, and that the absorption rate of @entity1443 correlated with the duration of phase II and the occurrence of antral activity during phases II and III. The effects of premedication with @entity3175 on antroduodenal motility, gastric pH and gastric emptying rate was investigated in the same healthy volunteers prior to the @entity1 studies. Also in this study a correlation between antral activity and gastric emptying rate was found. Furthermore, it was observed that some volunteers had fast gastric emptying rate, indicated by fast absorption of @entity1443 , the first study day and slow the second. It seemed that any intra- or interindividual variation in gastric emptying rate arises from individual variations in antroduodenal motility. @entity3175 tended to increase gastric emptying rate by enhancing the amplitudes of antral contractions and the motility index during phase II and pH of the gastric juice increased. Gastroduodenal motility was found to be normal in @entity1 awaiting elective orthopedic or plastic surgery when premedicated with @entity3175 . pH of the gastric contents was not different from the findings in volunteers after administration of @entity3175 . All methods of general anaesthesia reduced the duration of the interdigestive motility complex, mainly by a reduction of phase II. General anaesthesia with @entity1508 and @entity4488 @entity308 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The effects of general anaesthesia on antroduodenal motility, gastric pH and gastric emptying in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed antral motility']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of @entity2172 and its therapeutic processes in our context. @entity1 and Methods. In a prospective study over a period of 1 year (March 2009-February 2010), 79 @entity1 with @entity2172 have been cared for in the otolaryngology ward of the University Hospital of Ouagadougou. Results. @entity102 media (COM) commonly occurs in the age group from 0 to 15 years (40.50%). Otorrhea was the main reason for consultation in 53 cases (67.10%); the most frequently encountered clinicopathological forms were simple COM (71%) followed by @entity2346 media with effusion (24.30%). Intra-auricular instillations of traditional products (46.09%) were the dominant favoring factor. Treatment was essentially through medication in 59 cases with a stabilization of lesions. Endotemporal complications were noticed in 6 cases. Conclusion. The fight against @entity2172 is carried out through preventive measures of education the of @entity1 .

title: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects and Therapy of XXXX in the "ENT" and Cervicofacial Surgery Ward in the University Hospital of Ouagadougou.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis media']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic otitis']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['Chronic Otitis Media']


abstract: A novel penicillin-binding protein (PBP 5*) with D,D-carboxypeptidase activity is synthesized by @entity3881 , beginning at about stage III of sporulation. The complete gene (dacB) for this protein was cloned by immunoscreening of an expression vector library and then sequenced. The identity of dacB was verified not only by the size and cross-reactivity of its product but also by the presence of the @entity377 sequence that coded for the independently determined @entity2733 terminus of PBP 5*. Analysis of its complete @entity535 sequence confirmed the hypothesis that this PBP is related to other active-site serine D,D-peptidases involved in bacterial cell wall metabolism. PBP 5* had the active-site domains common to all PBPs, as well as a cleavable @entity1472 -terminal signal peptide and a @entity1473 -terminal membrane anchor that are typical features of low-molecular-weight PBPs. Mature PBP 5* was 355 @entity1522 long, and its mass was calculated to be 40,057 daltons. What is unique about this PBP is that it is developmentally regulated. Analysis of the sequence provided support for the hypothesis that the sporulation specificity and mother cell-specific expression of dacB can be attributed to recognition of the gene by a sporulation-specific sigma factor. There was a good match of the putative promoter of dacB with the sequence recognized by sigma factor E (sigma E), the subunit of RNA polymerase that is responsible for early mother cell-specific gene expression during sporulation. Analysis of PBP 5* production by various spo mutants also suggested that dacB expression is on a sigma E-dependent pathway.

title: Isolation and sequence analysis of dacB, which encodes a sporulation-specific penicillin-binding protein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: @entity86 water index (EVLWI, ml/kg) was analyzed in 30 @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy through right thoracotomy for @entity418 from the day of operation to 5th postoperative day, in order to clear the correlation between respiro-circulatory state and EVLWI. The results are as follows. 1. EVLWI on 1st postoperative day correlated significantly not only with @entity190 during operation (p < 0.01, r = 0.65) but also with systemic vascular resistance index on 1st postoperative day (p < 0.05, r = -0.43). 2. EVLWI correlated with the respiratory index (RI) on the 2nd and 4th postoperative day (p < 0.01), suggesting that EVLWI is an important indicator in judging the respiratory state following esophagectomy. 3. EVLWI on 4th postoperative day correlated with accumulative fluid balance up to 4th postoperative day (p < 0.05, r = 0.41), however neither correlated with other hydrostatic parameters nor the COP-PCP gradient. Furthermore, EVLWI on 4th postoperative day correlated more significantly with @entity26 consumption index (p < 0.05, r = 0.58) than that with accumulative fluid balance up to 4th postoperative day. According to those results, the increased systemic vascular permeability immediately after the surgery attributes to the increase of EVLWI on the 1st postoperative day. Whereas, the increased EVLWI on 4th postoperative day depends on not only the hydrostatical factors but also the @entity358 caused by the surgical maneuver to the lung during esophageal surgery.

title: [Correlation between respiratory or circulatory state and postoperative extravascular lung water volume in XXXX undergoing surgery for @entity418 of the thorax].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['increased pulmonary vascular permeability']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative extravascular lung']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1937 is a synthetic opiate with evident advantages for various anesthetic techniques, enhancing quality of anesthesia. Indications are increasingly well-defined. @entity1937 may be used in obstetric analgesia-anesthesia thanks to advantages demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity299 (cardiac and non-cardiac anesthesia) and in those requiring neuroanesthesia. @entity1937 is known to cross the placenta rapidly and to be rapidly metabolized and redistributed to both mother and fetus. Based on this, and on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in @entity1 , we judged @entity1937 to be indicated for use in two @entity1 undergoing emergency cesarean section, for whom hemodynamic stability and immediate postoperative assessment were basic requirements. The first case involved a @entity1 40 weeks pregnant with a history of @entity3454 and an episode of @entity3126 in the 28th week, who presented with ruptured membrane and the fetus in sacroposterior breech presentation without subsequent progression of labor. The second involved a @entity1 40-weeks pregnant with a diagnosis of Hunt-Hess grade II @entity510 who had gone into labor. Outcome was satisfactory in both cases, with no complications potentially affecting the status of either mother or @entity1 . No @entity1 @entity1576 occurred and Apgar scores were favorable. We consider @entity1937 to be safe and effective for general anesthesia for emergency cesarean delivery in @entity1 with cardiac and/or neurological risk factors.

title: [General anesthesia with XXXX in two cases of emergency cesarean section].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'woman', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy and @entity137 of systemic chemotherapy in a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) occurring in normal or @entity409 without @entity82 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with metastatic or locally advanced @entity157 in a normal or a @entity409 were given systemic chemotherapy ( @entity1259 , @entity900 and @entity1487 or @entity1259 , @entity900 and @entity416 regimens). @entity5 response, time to progression, survival, and @entity137 were evaluated. RESULTS: There were 7 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 , mean age 54 +/- 10 years; 18 @entity1 had a normal liver and 6 had a @entity409 (F1/F2 on biopsy). Mean @entity5 size was 14 cm, 5 @entity1 had @entity715 and 7 had @entity3 . @entity1 received a median of 4 chemotherapy sessions. Overall tolerance was good. There were 5 partial responses (objective response rate = 22%), and @entity5 control rate was 52%. Second line surgical resection was possible in two @entity1 . Median survival was 11 mo, and 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 50% +/- 10% and 32% +/- 11%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity157 in a @entity409 , chemotherapy was well tolerated and associated with an objective response rate of 22%, including two @entity1 who underwent secondary surgical resection.

title: Systemic chemotherapy for @entity157 in XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['non-cirrhotic liver', 'fibrotic liver']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['non-cirrhotic liver']


abstract: We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of antibiotic regimens and optimal duration of therapy in complicated and uncomplicated forms of spinal @entity3377 . This is a multicentre, retrospective and comparative study involving a total of 293 @entity1 with spinal @entity3377 from 19 health institutions. Comparison of complicated and uncomplicated spinal @entity3377 was statistically analysed. Complicated spinal @entity3377 was diagnosed in 78 (26.6%) of our @entity1 . Clinical presentation was found to be significantly more acute, with @entity221 and @entity353 , in @entity1 in the complicated group. They had significantly higher leukocyte and platelet counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates and @entity1851 levels, and lower haemoglobulin levels. The involvement of the thoracic spine was significantly more frequent in complicated cases. @entity1512 was complicated, with paravertebral abscess in 38 (13.0%), prevertebral abscess in 13 (4.4%), @entity7181 in 30 (10.2%), @entity4340 in 10 (3.4%) and @entity614 in 8 (2.7%) @entity1 . The five major combination regimens were: @entity3403 200  mg/day, @entity1215 600  mg/day and @entity3639 1  g/day; @entity3403 200  mg/day, @entity1215 600  mg/day and @entity801 5  mg/kg; @entity3403 200  mg/day and @entity1215 600  mg/day; @entity3403 200  mg/day and @entity3639 1  g/day; and @entity3403 200  mg/day, @entity1215 600  mg/day and @entity2177 1  g/day. There were no significant therapeutic differences between these antibiotic groups; the results were similar regarding the complicated and uncomplicated groups. @entity1 were mostly treated with @entity3403 and @entity1215 with or without an @entity4028 . In the former subgroup, complicated cases received antibiotics for a longer duration than uncomplicated cases. Early recognition of complicated cases is critical in preventing devastating complications. Antimicrobial treatment should be prolonged in complicated spinal @entity3377 in particular.

title: Update on treatment options for spinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculitis']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['Spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity4340 :: ('MESH:D016659', 'Disease') :: ['psoas abscess']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity2173 ( @entity2173 ) frequently develop sunlight-induced @entity1489 . Infrequently, internal @entity5 may also occur. A 21-year-old @entity1 with @entity2173 , who had many @entity1489 , developed a rare internal @entity5 - a grade II diffuse fibrillary @entity602 - during a break in a therapeutic trial of @entity10211 for @entity1489 prevention. Treatment of @entity5 in @entity2173 @entity1 presents special difficulties because of their defect in DNA repair. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to raise awareness of the @entity5 surveillance process in @entity2173 @entity1 and the concerns involved in choice of therapy. METHODS: Since the @entity4097 was inoperable, the @entity1 was treated with x-radiation, continued on @entity10211 treatment and was followed closely for @entity5 response. RESULTS: Despite sensitivity to sunlight, the @entity1 had a normal acute response to the x-ray treatment without @entity272 . Serial examinations by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) starting 8 months after x-ray treatment was initiated, showed a marked @entity2287 enhancement followed by regression. This clearing was first seen at 2 years after biopsy and persisted to at least 9 years after treatment. CONCLUSION: In contrast to the exaggerated sensitivity to UV radiation, @entity2173 @entity1 may tolerate therapeutic doses of x-radiation. @entity10211 treatment may have contributed to the good response of this @entity602 .

title: XXXX : @entity602 with 9-year survival after radiation and @entity10211 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancers', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['excessive skin reaction']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['XP', 'xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin', 'Isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumour']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2173 :: (MESH:D014983,Disease) :: ['Xeroderma pigmentosum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This pooled analysis evaluated the outcomes of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in 739 @entity151 ( @entity4153 @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or better following chemotherapy    thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) to examine the potential advantage of PCI in a wider spectrum of @entity1 than generally participate in PCI trials. @entity1 AND METHODS: Three hundred eighteen @entity1 with extensive @entity4153 (ESCLC) and 421 @entity1 with @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) participated in four phase II or III trials. Four hundred fifty-nine @entity1 received PCI (30 Gy/15 or 25 Gy/10) and 280 did not. Survival and adverse events (AEs) were compared. RESULTS: PCI @entity1 survived significantly longer than non-PCI @entity1 {hazard ratio [HR] = 0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52-0.72]; P < 0.0001}. The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 56% and 18% for PCI @entity1 versus 32% and 5% for non-PCI @entity1 . PCI was still significant after adjusting for age, performance status, gender, stage, complete response, and number of metastatic sites (HR = 0.82, P = 0.04). PCI @entity1 had significantly more grade 3+ AEs (64%) compared with non-PCI @entity1 (50%) (P = 0.0004). AEs associated with PCI included alopecia and lethargy. Dose fractionation could be compared only for @entity4153 @entity1 and 25 Gy/10 was associated with significantly better survival compared with 30 Gy/15 (HR = 0.67, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: PCI was associated with a significant survival benefit for both ESCLC and @entity4153 @entity1 who had @entity66 or a better response to chemotherapy    TRT. Dose fractionation appears important. PCI was associated with an increase in overall and specific grade 3+ AE rates.

title: Prophylactic cranial irradiation in XXXX : findings from a North Central Cancer Treatment Group Pooled Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['limited SCLC', 'LSCLC', 'SCLC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The common cold is a potent trigger for @entity565 symptoms. Although the mechanisms are not completely understood, inflammatory events may play an important role. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that changes in @entity134 responsiveness are implicated in the relationship between @entity565 and the common cold. METHODS: We investigated the @entity134 sensitivity of T cells from 10 @entity1 with @entity565 (not taking @entity230 ) and 10 control subjects, during @entity1729 and at recovery (6 weeks later). We stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with phytohemagglutinin to measure T-cell proliferation, sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of @entity230 , and cytokine production. RESULTS: During @entity281 compared with recovery, the @entity565 group exhibited lower responsiveness to @entity619 at 10(-10) and 10(-9)mol/L and to 10(-10)mol/L @entity701 (P <.05) and both groups had decreased T-cell proliferation (P <.05). During recovery, @entity1 with @entity565 had greater T-cell proliferation than control subjects (P <.02); the values expressed as uptake of @entity665 were 60119+/-3944 cpm ( @entity565 ) and 39078+/-6459 cpm (control subjects). The @entity565 group had higher @entity310 and @entity379 production during @entity281 (P <.05); changes in @entity687 and @entity688 levels were not significant, and @entity3646 was not detected. CONCLUSION: During @entity281 , asthmatic subjects exhibit decreased T-cell responsiveness to @entity230 . The T-cell proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, higher in @entity565 , is decreased with a common cold. These findings are associated with changes in the cytokine profile. Thus viral-induced @entity1729 can produce an inflammatory milieu with altered @entity134 function and selective increases in cytokines.

title: The effects of @entity1729 on T-cell proliferation and XXXX sensitivity of asthmatics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory infections', 'upper respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of @entity3883 state: "If a stent is placed prior to surgery, this should be of the plastic type and it should be placed endoscopically. Self-expanding metal stents should not be inserted in @entity1 who are likely to proceed to resection." In 2003, a small series of complications after endoscopic intervention caused a change in the authors' practice. Currently, all @entity1 requiring relief of @entity253 before surgical resection undergo attempted insertion of a short metal biliary stent. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the authors' prospective database containing all @entity1 presenting with periampullary and @entity788 between January 2004 and May 2008 was performed. RESULTS: The authors have attempted percutaneous placement of internal metal stents in 67 @entity1 with resectable @entity5 and @entity253 . Stenting was successful for 53 @entity1 (79%), and 5 @entity1 (9.4%) experienced complications. These five @entity1 were successfully managed conservatively, and all proceeded to trial dissection. The mean @entity648 level was 253 mg/dl before intervention and 33 mg/dl before surgery for the stented @entity1 compared with 308 mg/dl before intervention and 102 mg/dl before surgery for those who needed external drainage. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous insertion of short metal stents provides a safe and effective alternative to endoscopic stent placement for treating @entity1087 preoperatively in @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity5 around the pancreatic head.

title: Percutaneous transhepatic insertion of self-expanding short metal stents for XXXX before resection of pancreatic or duodenal malignancy proves to be safe and effective.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstruction']


abstract: @entity827 , caused by @entity7546 , is @entity4759 (Balearic Islands, Spain). The present study analyzes the prevalence of @entity281 in @entity291 in Minorca using reverse line blot (RLB) macroarrays, as well as the effect of herd tick control on those prevalence levels. One hundred and nineteen animals from 12 herds were sampled in representative areas of the island. Information was gathered regarding tick control for the animals (frequency and acaricide used) in each herd. More than 87% of the animals were positive for the presence of piroplasm species. @entity7546 and Theileria buffeli were observed in all sampled herds (mean prevalence 53.3% for @entity7546 and 69.75% for T. buffeli). The mean prevalence was 5.7% for @entity743 bigemina. A significantly higher prevalence of Theileria spp. was observed in herds that grazed in, or near, forested areas. @entity7546 prevalence was significantly lower in herds that followed tick control and was related to the frequency of the applied treatments. Theileria buffeli and B. bigemina prevalences were not affected by tick control for the herds. The results indicate that despite tick control, @entity827 remains @entity4759 . Adequate control measures and vaccination approaches are required to improve the situation of @entity827 on the island.

title: XXXX and other tick transmitted piroplasmoses in @entity291 in Minorca (Balearic Islands, Spain): the effect of tick control on prevalence levels analyzed by reverse line blot (RLB) macroarrays.

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['Mediterranean theileriosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['piroplasm infections']

entities_list: @entity7546 :: ('5874', 'Species') :: ['Theileria annulata', 'T. annulata']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic in Minorca']

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['Mediterranean theileriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ) is an emerging condition where @entity1 commonly present with symptoms of @entity354 and fail to respond adequately to anti-reflux therapy. @entity5419 is currently recognized as the main immunological cause of @entity5202 ; recent evidence suggests an etiological role for inhalant allergens. The presence of @entity5202 appears to be associated with other @entity221 . OBJECTIVES: To report the sensitization profile of both food and inhalant allergens in our @entity5202 @entity1 cohort in relation to age, and to profile the prevalence of other @entity56 in @entity1 with @entity5202 . METHOD: The study prospectively analyzed allergen sensitization profiles using skin prick tests to common food allergens and inhalant allergens in 45 @entity1 with @entity5202 . Patch testing to common food allergens was performed on 33 @entity1 in the same cohort. Comorbidity of @entity483 , @entity565 , @entity2023 and @entity2021 were obtained from @entity1 history. RESULTS: Younger @entity1 with @entity5202 showed more IgE and patch sensitization to foods while older @entity1 showed greater IgE sensitization to inhalant allergens. The prevalence of @entity483 , @entity2023 and @entity565 was significantly increased in our @entity5202 cohort compared with the general Australian population. A total of 24% of our cohort of @entity1 with @entity5202 had a history of @entity2021 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5202 , the sensitization to inhalant allergens increases with age, particularly after 4 years. Also, specific enquiry about severe food reactions in @entity1 presenting with @entity5202 is strongly recommended as it appears this @entity1 group has a high incidence of @entity2021 .

title: Dichotomy of food and inhalant allergen sensitization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['Food allergy']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conditions']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['atopic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: @entity591 , in particular @entity956 after surgery for @entity299 , is associated with a high mortality. Treatment with various antiarrhythmic drugs and/or antitachycardia pacemakers is not very successful. @entity2778 , a Class III drug, has shown to be a promising drug in adults with @entity591 . However, the experience with @entity2778 in @entity1 after surgery for @entity299 is limited. Therefore, we describe our results here. Between December 1990 and February 1997, 26 @entity1 with @entity591 , most of them with @entity955 (n = 20), after surgery for @entity299 were treated with @entity2778 orally. The age of the @entity1 at the start of treatment was 7.5 +/- 5.8 years (mean +/- SD). The time interval between surgery and the start of @entity591 ranged from 1 day to 14.3 years (3.8 +/- 3.8 years). Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 16 out of 22 hemodynamically stable @entity1 with a dosage of 4.0 +/- 1.6 mg/kg per day. The six @entity1 without sinus rhythm on @entity2778 and four hemodynamically unstable @entity1 were treated prophylactically with @entity2778 after DC cardioversion for their @entity591 . Two @entity1 complained of mild transient @entity1295 . Heart rate decreased during therapy (95 +/- 33 vs 81 +/- 21 beats/min; P = 0.01). QTc-intervals did not change. Proarrhythmias such as @entity1166 were not encountered. Two @entity1 with a preexistent sick @entity1817 showed aggravation of @entity1168 and needed pacemaker implantation. The percentage of @entity1 with a recurrence-free interval of 1 and 2 years was 96% and 81%, respectively, for all @entity591 , and 92% and 66% for @entity956 . The recurrences of @entity591 during the follow-up period, which ranged from 0.1-6.1 years (2.5 +/- 1.8 years) could be treated with only an increase of the dosage of @entity2778 in all but one @entity1 . We conclude that @entity2778 is an effective drug for the treatment and prevention of @entity591 in @entity1 after surgery for @entity299 .

title: @entity2778 for @entity591 after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardias', 'atrial tachycardia', 'tachycardias', 'Atrial tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sulfa antibiotics, such as a combination product of @entity206 and @entity207 , have traditionally been the drugs of choice for @entity293 ( @entity293 ) and remained the most common treatment as recently as a decade ago. However, increasing sulfa resistance among @entity526 may have led to changes in prescribing practices. METHODS: We used the 2000-2002 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to obtain nationally representative data on antibiotics prescribed for @entity1 with isolated outpatient @entity293 following visits to physicians' offices, hospital clinics, and emergency departments (n = 2638). Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of @entity1536 use. RESULTS: @entity5176 were more commonly prescribed than sulfa antibiotics in each year evaluated. In the most recent year of data, @entity5176 were prescribed in 48% and sulfas in 33% of UTI visits (P<.04). @entity5176 were significantly more likely to be prescribed to older @entity1 and in visits occurring in the Northeast; however, no difference in @entity1536 prescribing was seen when evaluating insurance status, setting, race, ethnicity, health care provider type, and year. Approximately one third of the @entity5176 used were broader-spectrum agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5176 have surpassed sulfas as the most common class of antibiotic prescribed for isolated outpatient UTI in @entity1 . Few significant predictors of @entity1536 use exist, suggesting that the increase is not confined to a certain subset of @entity1 . This pervasive growth in @entity1536 use raises concerns about increases in resistance to this important class of antibiotics.

title: Current antibiotic therapy for isolated XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolones', 'quinolones']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The diagnosis of immediate @entity56 relies on specific IgE and history. Because of low specificity, however, provocation challenges are often necessary. Furthermore, IgE testing does not predict features such as reaction severity; nor can it discriminate cross-reactivity from multiple sensitizations. Direct and passive basophil activation tests may address these needs. In addition, measuring basophil activation ex vivo may be useful for monitoring @entity1 with @entity5419 . RECENT FINDINGS: Several papers using basophil activation tests demonstrate comparable sensitivity and specificity to current testing for @entity5419 . Flow-based basophil activation tests have also been used to assess functional characteristics of @entity1 IgE. Finally, several activation phenotypes have been identified as markers of @entity32 in vivo; these phenotypes appear to correspond to earlier reports of spontaneous @entity112 -releasing basophils in @entity1 with @entity32 . SUMMARY: Although in their early stages, direct basophil activation tests may prove to be useful in the clinic. Indirect basophil activation studies are useful when applied to compare functional aspects of IgE. Identification of basophil activation ex vivo is a promising approach for monitoring @entity32 .

title: Evaluation of basophil activation in XXXX : present and future applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['active allergic inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Review of the use of Cell Saver in a non-randomized group of @entity1 undergoing spinal fusion for @entity1635 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of the use of Cell Saver for spinal fusions for @entity1635 . Although Cell Saver is widely used in @entity1635 surgery, it is not clear whether its use decreases the need for other transfusions or whether there are certain @entity1 more likely to benefit from its use. The blood collected by Cell Saver intraoperatively is not always of sufficient volume to be returned to the @entity1 , and there are no current guidelines addressing the amount that is likely to be returned to the @entity1 . PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine: Does use of Cell Saver reduce the need for other transfusions in @entity1635 surgery? Is there an amount of @entity190 at which Cell Saver is likely to be returned? MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 95 @entity1 who had undergone posterior spinal fusion between January 2002 and March 2004 with one of two surgeons. One surgeon used Cell Saver, the other surgeon did not. Of the total, 58 @entity1 who underwent posterior spinal fusion with the use of Cell Saver (group 1) were compared with the 37 (group 2) who underwent the same procedure without the use of Cell Saver. RESULTS: Of those in group 1, 34 received Cell Saver blood back as an intraoperative autologous transfusion (IAT) (59%). @entity1 in the Cell Saver group were just as likely to receive non-Cell Saver transfusions as those in the control group (P = 0.12). Of the 39 @entity1 who lost more than 500 cc of blood, 34 received IAT (87%). No @entity1 who lost less than 500 cc of blood received IAT. CONCLUSION: The use of Cell Saver does not reduce the need for other transfusions in @entity1635 surgery. The amount of @entity190 at which Cell Saver is likely to be returned is 500 cc. We demonstrated no benefit in the use of Cell Saver in our @entity1 population.

title: Cell Saver: is it beneficial in XXXX surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2247 is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis. An increased expression has been implicated in the development and progression of @entity1 @entity356 and @entity2513 and @entity5 . This study aimed to determine the involvement and association of @entity2247 and @entity588 in precancerous @entity652 . METHODS: Seventy-nine @entity1127 were obtained by endoscopic mucosal resection or polypectomy from January, 2000 to July, 2003. Immunohistochemical expression of @entity2247 and @entity588 was observed, and their relationships with various clinicopathological factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Histologically, 13 @entity6523 , of which 17 showed high-grade @entity1141 , were observed. Increased @entity2247 expression was observed in low-grade and high-grade tubular @entity652 compared to @entity1127 (p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively). @entity2247 expression was significantly higher in larger (>1 cm) compared with smaller (<1 cm) tubular @entity652 (o=0.034), but no relation was observed in @entity1127 . While @entity588 expression differed significantly according to histology, increased @entity588 expression was observed especially in @entity2247 positive low-grade tubular @entity652 . CONCLUSION: @entity2247 expression increased in a size-dependent manner in tubular @entity652 , suggesting a role in polyp growth. The increased expression of @entity588 in tubular @entity652 , especially in @entity2247 positive tubular @entity652 , suggests that @entity2247 action may be related to @entity588 expression.

title: Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and XXXX in @entity1 @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['gastric polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyps and 66 tubular adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate the effect of a new @entity625 education program based on a previous study. METHODS: One hundred individuals with established @entity309 randomized to an intervention group or a control group completed self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: Three months after the education program the @entity1 in the intervention group had increased their knowledge about their disease. They reported increased practice of exercise and joint protection and @entity717 and @entity158 . After 12 months, increased knowledge and practice of joint protection was maintained. However, there was no longer any difference between the intervention group and the control group regarding reported @entity158 , disability, and practice of exercise. At both intervals the individuals in the intervention group reported an increased ability to handle their @entity158 and a reduction of problems with their disease. The control group remained stable except for a slight increase in @entity158 . CONCLUSION: A structured @entity1 education program had positive impact for 3 months, and some improvements were maintained for 12 months. We suggest that @entity1 education should become an integrated part of the total management of @entity309 .

title: A problem-based education program for @entity1 with XXXX : evaluation after three and twelve months.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: In twelve healthy pregnant @entity1 the fetal heart rate response to sound stimulation was tested every second week between the 22nd and the 34th week of the pregnancy. Habituation to the acoustic stimuli used was also investigated at the last examination. A high risk material for @entity393 comprised 31 pregnant @entity1 . The stimuli were presented by a vibrator placed on the maternal abdomen over the fetal head. As stimuli pure tones were used in the form of pulses of one second at a frequency of 3000 Hz and with an onset and a decay time chosen not to cause audible clicks to a normal ear. The intensity of the tone pulse was set at a level calculated to correspond at the position of the fetal head to 110 dB sound pressure level in free field. Roughly 50% of the fetuses tested started to react with an increased heart rate in the 24th week of the development. Four weeks later all tested subjects responded to the test stimuli. Habituation of the motor ' @entity427 ' response was shown but the fetus heart rate change was consistent over 20 consecutive stimulations one min in between each. In 31 high risk subjects the responses from three fetuses must be considered as pathologic. These three @entity1 exhibited @entity1650 after birth and severe @entity393 at the age of three years. All the others disclosed normal hearing at birth as well as at three years of age. Repeated significant increases in fetal heart rate following acoustic stimulation may appear as an indication of normal function of the hearing organ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal heart rate response to acoustic stimulation in relation to fetal development and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['impaired auditory tests']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing impairment']


abstract: Hormonal therapy in disseminated @entity263 is effective in 70-80% of @entity1 and prolongs their lives of a mean 1-2 years. Sooner or later, @entity342 independence develops due to a multifactorial mechanism. A smaller part of @entity1 may respond to second-line hormonal manipulations (antiandrogen withdrawal, adrenal enzymes synthesis inhibitors, @entity288 ). In hormone-refractory disease only about 30% of @entity1 would respond to chemotherapy. In the standard chemotherapy the mostly used cytotoxic agents are @entity8253 , @entity902 derivatives, vinca alkaloids and @entity786 . However, combined chemotherapy is not more effective than monotherapy. Conventional chemotherapy may improve especially the quality of life. The median survival in chemotherapy @entity1 (6-12 months) is not significantly longer when compared with the best supportive care. In recent years the main concern has been focused on new cytotoxic drugs and different combinations with hormonal agents. In Phase II studies the combinations of @entity12749 with oral @entity2879 , @entity12749 with @entity6023 and alternating weekly regimens ( @entity632 , @entity3102 / @entity12749 , @entity5713 ) show higher response rates (53-69% of @entity1 with prostate-specific antigen decline of more than 50%) and longer survival (13-19 months) than conventional chemotherapy.

title: The role of chemotherapy in XXXX . Minireview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The roles of photoperiod, energy balance, and concentrations of plasma total @entity460 ( @entity56999 ) on daily changes in plasma @entity175 (CT) were investigated in broiler breeder hens (84-100 weeks old). In the first study, broiler breeder hens (n = 24), reared on 14L:10D, were divided into two groups. One group was transferred from a restricted diet (DR) of 150 g/day to ad libitum (AL) for 14 days, while the other group remained on DR. After 2 weeks of ad libitum feeding, birds from each group (AL and DR) were bled every 2 hr for 24 hr for measurement of plasma @entity56999 and CT. In a second study, the hens (n = 20) were transferred to continuous light (LL) for 30 days. After the 30 days, food was removed from one group for 48 hr prior to blood sampling for 24 hr at 3-hr intervals. In a third study, birds were transferred to an ahemeral light cycle (11L:10D) for 28 days. Food was removed from the birds (n = 11) for 48 hr prior to blood sampling every 3 hr for 24 hr. Four weeks later the same birds were bled again for 24 hr, but this time the birds were maintained on a restricted feeding schedule. Plasma CT was measured by a specific heterologous electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assay while plasma @entity56999 was measured by atomic absorption. The results showed that plasma CT concentrations did not correlate with plasma @entity56999 concentrations. Comparisons made between initial and final @entity56999 and CT concentrations indicated an effect of stress due to repeated handling of the birds. Concentrations of plasma CT were significantly reduced in the fasted animals (P < 0.05) compared to diet-restricted controls. There was a significant increase in plasma CT during the dark period of fed animals which was abolished in animals maintained on LL or fasted. In conclusion, a surge in plasma CT requires that the hens be provided food and that they be exposed to a dark cycle.

title: The effect of photoperiod and food intake on daily changes in plasma XXXX in broiler breeder hens.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: Blood pressure and heart rate reflexly increase during static @entity2472 in anesthetized @entity468 . Previous studies have demonstrated that vasopressin ( @entity56789 ) and @entity398 (OT) may act as neuromodulators to regulate cardiovascular responses elicited by contraction of skeletal muscle. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neurons containing @entity56789 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus are activated during static @entity2472 . A laminectomy was performed to expose the spinal cord and the peripheral cut ends of L7 and S1 ventral roots were stimulated electrically to induce @entity2472 . @entity1640 neurons activated during the @entity2472 were identified by @entity19222 -like immunoreactivity (FLI). Static @entity2472 significantly increased FLI in the PVN and SON, compared with sham-operated @entity468 . Double-staining of neurons in the PVN for @entity56789 showed that 22 +/- 4% of the @entity56789 and 26 +/- 3% of the OT neurons in the PVN expressed FLI. In contrast, only 4 +/- 1% of the @entity56789 and 3 +/- 1% of the OT neurons in the PVN were labeled with FLI in sham-operated animals. These results indicate that neurons in the PVN and SON of the hypothalamus were activated during static @entity2472 . Furthermore, as FLI was present in @entity56789 neurons, this suggests these neurons may constitute a part of the neural pathway involved in cardiovascular regulation during static @entity2472 .

title: Identification of hypothalamic vasopressin and XXXX neurons activated during the exercise pressor reflex in @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['muscle contraction']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: AIM: To observe the killing effects of @entity4540 (GCV) on the @entity1 @entity420 cell A549 transduced with Herpes simplex virus I type @entity6244 kinase ( @entity3307 -TK) gene in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: A retroviral vector containing the TK gene was constructed and transduced into a @entity2 cell A549 by electroporation, to observe the sensitivity of the transfected cell to GCV in vitro and the bystander effect ( @entity98 assay). @entity5 cell apoptosis caused by the TK/GCV system was observed with a flow cell meter (FCM) and a scan electronic microscope (SEM). Recombination and expression of the TK gene were examined with DNA PCR and in situ hybridization, respectively. The therapeutic effect of GCV on subcutaneous @entity5 growth between transfected and parental cells was also compared. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the transfected cell to GCV was 46 times higher than that of the parental cell, and the bystander effect was stronger in high cell density than in low cell density. The subG0G1 peak was shown on the DNA histogram after A549-Tk cell was treated with 50 micromol/L GCV for 3 days by FCM, but not in the A549 cell. A cell cycle analysis showed that the apoptotic cell in the A549-TK and A549 cells were (12.2+/-1.7) % and (1.3 +/- 0.3) %, respectively (P < 0.01). The cell apoptosis features of nuclear condensation, apoptotic vesicle, and nuclear showing semimoon feature were found in the A549-TK cell by SEM, but not in the A549 cell. Recombination and expression of the TK gene were positive in the transfected cell. In vivo, the growth of @entity5 formed by the transfected cell was apparently inhibited by GCV, but not in the control group. CONCLUSION: The transfected cell obtained sensitivity to GCV and the bystander effect was closely related to intercellular touch. The TK/GCV system killing @entity5 cell was related to cell apoptosis. GCV inhibited the growth of @entity5 which were inoculated by A549-TK cell in vivo.

title: Killing effects of @entity4540 on XXXX @entity420 cell A549 transduced with @entity3307 -TK gene in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity9805 is a second-generation dihydropyridine @entity460 antagonist selective for @entity101 . The aim of this study was to assess whether, in addition to reduce resting blood pressure, @entity9805 also affects the cardiovascular reactivity to physical and psychologic stress. Ten essential @entity101 @entity1 , out of treatment for at least 2 weeks, underwent a symptom-limited dynamic maximal exercise and a mental arithmetic stress test (MAT) after placebo (1 week) and 1 and 5 weeks of active treatment with @entity9805 (20 mg q.i.d.). To evaluate the cardiovascular response to exercise and its changes during treatment, the slope of the regression line (if statistically significant) of the blood pressure, heart rate, and @entity551 ( @entity551 ) values against workload were considered, together with exercise capacity, blood pressure, and pressure-rate product at the peak of maximal exercise. During mental stress, indexes of @entity64 volume (SVI), cardiac output (COI), and peripheral resistance (TPRI) were obtained by Doppler transcutaneous aortovelography ( @entity16491 ). Resting systolic and diastolic BP were significantly reduced during treatment. The average length of exercise was 7.3, 7.64, and 8.0 min after, respectively, placebo, 1, and 5 weeks of treatment. Peak systolic and diastolic BP, peak @entity551 , and @entity551 slope were consistently decreased after treatment, significantly for peak @entity13520 and @entity551 . During mental arithmetics, a significant @entity101 and a decrease of SVI were observed on placebo; both BP and SVI responses disappeared after 5 weeks on @entity9805 , whereas the HR increase was unchanged. Peak values of COI and TPRI during MAT were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, after @entity9805 , whereas basal values showed similar changes, but not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular reactivity to physical and psychologic stress during long-term treatment with @entity9805 in essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increase of BP and HR', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrendipine', 'nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['rate-pressure product', 'RPP']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study the population pharmacokinetics of @entity5834 after intravenous administration to premature @entity1 with @entity386 . METHODS: A prospective, blinded parallel study in which daily @entity27708 doses of 30, 15, and 3 mg/kg were administered over 7 days by intermittent intravenous infusion. Arterial blood samples (three to six per @entity1 ) were assayed for @entity5834 content by means of HPLC. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed with NONMEM. RESULTS: Clearance (L/hr) = (0.00000399 . current weight [grams]) + (0.000128 . postnatal age [days]). For gestational age > 28 weeks, volume of distribution (L) = (0.000764 . weight [grams] + (0.0468 . postnatal age [days]); for gestational age < or = 28 weeks, volume of distribution (L) = (0.000755 . weight [grams]) + (0.0224. postnatal age [days]). Interpatient variability (coefficient of variation, in percent) was approximately 25% for clearance and approximately 11% for volume of distribution. Intrapatient error (standard deviation) was 3.9 mg/L. There was insignificant bias between observed and model-predicated serum @entity5834 concentrations in a separate group of 30 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5834 was well tolerated at all doses. Clearance was markedly lower and volume of distribution was higher than the values reported previously for term @entity1 and adults. Both parameters were significantly influenced by postnatal age and current body weight, whereas volume of distribution in @entity1 > 28 weeks' gestational age was higher than that in more premature babies. The predictive performance and the clinical application of the derived population models was satisfactorily shown.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous @entity5834 in neonates with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity27708 :: ('MESH:C026189', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine citrate']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea of prematurity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity2600 monotherapy as a third- or fourth-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 refractory to 2 or more previous regimens were treated with 80 mg/m2 @entity2600 on days 1, 8, and 15, every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR), whereas secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and @entity137 profiles. RESULTS: From December 2007 to April 2009, 32 @entity1 (median age, 60 years) were enrolled. Most of the @entity1 (75.0%) were male, and 18.8% had a performance status of 2. Six partial responses to @entity2600 monotherapy were observed (ORR, 18.8%: 95% confidence interval, 5.3%-32.3%). The disease control rate (DCR) was 78.1%, median PFS was 4.0 months, and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 10.4 months. Grade 3-4 @entity1398 was observed in 22% of @entity1 , but other toxic effects were moderate. No cases of grade 3-4 @entity294 or treatment-related @entity204 were noted. Of the 15 @entity1 for whom progressive disease represented the best response to previous treatment regimens, 2 exhibited a partial response and 9 showed stable disease after @entity2600 monotherapy, with a DCR of 73.3%, median PFS of 4.4 months, and @entity1349 of 8.2 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2600 monotherapy is effective for advanced @entity1149 @entity1 who have previously failed 2 or more treatment regimens.

title: Phase II study of XXXX as a third- or fourth-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 : NJLCG0703.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is a common @entity1030 , usually related to cigarette smoking, representing a major and increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. It is defined "as a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases". The use of @entity288 for their anti-inflammatory effects has been suggested. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of oral @entity288 on the health status of @entity1 with stable @entity1030 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches of the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register and MEDLINE were carried out in December 2003 and 2004. Review articles and bibliographies were searched. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled prospective studies in adults with stable @entity1030 ( post-bronchodilator FEV1 <80% of predicted, FEV1/FVC <70%) and a history of smoking, excluding known @entity748 , in which oral @entity134 use was compared with placebo and use of co-interventions was matched in both groups. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data was extracted independently by two reviewers. All trials were combined using Review Manager (version 4.2.7). MAIN RESULTS: From 459 titles 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Treatment lasted three weeks or less in 19 studies, high dose oral @entity134 was used in 21 studies and subjects had moderate or severe @entity1030 in 15 studies. There was a significant difference in FEV1 after two weeks treatment, WMD 53.30 ml; 95% confidence interval 22.21 to 84.39 favouring oral @entity134 use compared to placebo when 14 studies with available data (n=396) were combined, with no significant heterogeneity. There was a significant increase in odds for individual @entity1 FEV1 response greater than 20% from baseline with high dose oral @entity134 treatment compared to placebo, OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.84 to 4.01 (9 studies) . It would be necessary to treat 7 @entity1 (95% CI 5 to 12) with oral @entity288 to achieve one extra case of increasing FEV1 by more than 20%, with a placebo group risk of 0.13. All differences in health-related quality of life were less than the minimum clinically important difference. There were small statistically significant advantages for functional capacity and respiratory symptom of wheeze with oral @entity134 treatment but no significant difference in risk of withdrawal from study due to an exacerbation or rate of serious exacerbations over 2 years with low dose oral @entity134 treatment. There was an increased risk of adverse effects, including increased blood @entity413 , adrenal suppression and reduced serum osteocalcin. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence to support the long-term use of oral @entity230 at doses less than 10-15 mg prednisolone though some evidence that higher doses (>/= 30 mg @entity617 ) improve lung function over a short period. Potentially harmful adverse effects e.g.. @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity170 would prevent recommending long-term use at these high doses in most @entity1 .

title: Oral @entity288 for stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disorder', 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Outcomes of 282 @entity1 referred to the @entity943 service at Montefiore Medical Center for sustained @entity1165 (n = 214) or @entity2224 (n = 68) associated with @entity453 were analyzed retrospectively. All @entity1 underwent serial drug trials by electrophysiologic testing and Holter monitoring. Sixty-eight @entity1 who did not respond to drug therapy were treated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators ( @entity1479 group), and 214 @entity1 were treated with other methods guided by electrophysiologic testing and Holter monitoring (non- @entity1479 group). The non- @entity1479 group included 49 @entity1 who responded to drug therapy as judged by electrophysiologic testing, as well as @entity1 who did not respond and were not treated with defibrillator therapy for various reasons. Ten @entity1 died in the hospital (2 @entity1 in the @entity1479 group, 8 in the non- @entity1479 group). Actuarial survival rates free of total @entity204 at 1, 2, and 3 years were, respectively, 94%, 87%, and 85% in the @entity1479 group, and 82%, 78%, and 73% in the non- @entity1479 group (p = NS). Survival rates free of total @entity204 at 1, 2, and 3 years were 90%, 82%, and 76% in the @entity1479 group, and 82%, 76%, and 70% in the non- @entity1479 group, respectively (p = NS). Survival rates free of total @entity204 @entity1 treated with an effective regimen determined by electrophysiologic testing were not significantly different from those of the @entity1479 group. This retrospective study suggests that outcomes of @entity1 treated with ICDs may not be dramatically different from those of @entity1 treated with other methods guided primarily by electrophysiologic testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of defibrillator therapy and other therapeutic modalities for sustained XXXX or @entity2224 associated with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and total deaths of 49', 'cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of several diseases including @entity2023 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether plasma @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in the form of plasma reactive oxidants differs between @entity1 with @entity2023 and healthy controls and to investigate associations between plasma antioxidants and other @entity2023 -related immunological markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma @entity159 ( @entity159 ), @entity66 , total eosinophil count, and total serum @entity9416 levels were measured in 106 @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity2023 and 70 nonallergic @entity1 (7-12 years of age). Plasma @entity159 and @entity66 were measured using novel automated measurement methods. Blood eosinophils (absolute counts and percentage of total white blood cells) and total IgE were elevated in @entity1 with @entity2023 after adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS: @entity159 and @entity66 were higher in the @entity1 group than in the control group (P<.001 and P<.002, respectively). The association between plasma @entity159 and @entity66 and @entity2023 status was similar when eosinophils, total IgE, and allergic sensitization were included as possible confounders in logistic regression models. Multivariate logistic regression identified @entity2023 as the only independent factor contributing to @entity66 . CONCLUSION: Plasma @entity159 and @entity66 levels are elevated in @entity1 with @entity2023 . Moreover, the high level of @entity66 indicates that these @entity1 are exposed to severe oxidative stress. This stress factor may have a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2023 .

title: Total antioxidant status and oxidative stress and their relationship to total IgE levels and eosinophil counts in XXXX with @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['total oxidant status', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity9416 :: ('3497', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin (Ig) E']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['total antioxidant status', 'TAS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Herbal medicines have been used clinically in Eastern Asia, and traditional Japanese herbal (Kampo) formulas are approved as ethical drugs. The Kampo formulas are mixtures of the crude extracts of several herbs, each of which contains multiple components. Numerous investigators have reported that some herbal medicines are efficacious for treating several @entity1 diseases. We reviewed the literature on traditional herbal medicines and treatment of @entity2194 . Oral Orengedoku-to and Kakkon-to inhibit @entity86 in @entity1 . Oral Goshajinki-gan improved ocular surface disorders in @entity1 with @entity6 . Oral Hachimijio-gan increased retinal blood flow. Keishi-bukuryo-gan Sho might be associated with @entity1715 in @entity1 with @entity6 . Oral Hachimijio-gan and Goshajinki-gan delayed lens opacification in @entity35 and @entity19 . Oral Sairei-to, Orengedoku-to, Senkanmeimoku-to, Scutellariae radix extract, Gardeniae fructus extract, topical Liguisticum wallichii rhizoma extract, and intravenous injection of @entity19316 , @entity7651 , @entity19988 , @entity42095 , and @entity52379 inhibited some forms of experimental @entity1596 in @entity95 . Topical glycyrrhizinate improved @entity56 in @entity1 and @entity35 . Oral crocetin improved eyestrain in @entity1 . Oral @entity7652 diminished experimental @entity1596 in @entity35 . @entity19988 , @entity42095 , @entity7652 , and @entity52380 inhibited in vitro expression of several cytokines in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. Some Kampo formulas are efficacious for treating several @entity2194 in @entity1 and animals. Some herbal extracts and their components inhibit some forms of experimental @entity1596 .

title: Traditional Japanese herbal (kampo) medicines and treatment of XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylpyrazine']

entities_list: @entity19988 :: ('MESH:C006680', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalein', 'Baicalein']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine']

entities_list: @entity7651 :: ('MESH:C038044', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative uveitis']

entities_list: @entity52380 :: ('MESH:C115958', 'Chemical') :: ['berberrubine']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular diseases']


abstract: We have investigated prospectively the efficacy of two nonpharmacologic relaxation techniques in the therapy of @entity148 . A simple, meditational relaxation technique (MT) that elicits the changes of decreased sympathetic nervous system activity was compared to a @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) in which relaxation, with or without altered perceptions, was suggested. 32 @entity1 with @entity148 were divided into 2 groups on the basis of their responsivity to hypnosis: moderate-high and low responsivity. The MT or @entity14062 was then randomly assigned separately to each member of the two responsivity groups. Thus, 4 treatment groups were studied: moderate-high responsivity MT; low responsivity MT; moderate-high responsivity @entity14062 ; and low responsivity @entity14062 . The low responsivity @entity14062 group, by definition largely incapable of achieving the altered perceptions essential to hypnosis, was designed as the control group. @entity1 were instructed to practice the assigned technique daily for 8 weeks. Change in @entity148 was determined by three types of evaluation: psychiatric assessment; physiologic testing; and self-assessment. There was essentially no difference between the two techniques in therapeutic efficacy according to these evaluations. Psychiatric assessment revealed overall improvement in 34% of the @entity1 and the self-rating assessment indicated improvement in 63% of the population. @entity1 who had moderate-high hypnotic responsivity, independent of the technique used, significantly improved on psychiatric assessment (p = 0.05) and decreased average systolic blood pressure from 126.1 to 122.5 mm Hg over the 8-week period (p = 0.048). The responsivity scores at the higher end of the hypnotic responsivity spectrum were proportionately correlated to greater decreases in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.075) and to improvement by psychiatric assessment (p = 0.003). There was, however, no consistent relation between hypnotic responsivity and the other assessments made, such as diastolic blood pressure, @entity26 consumption, heart rate and the self-rating questionnaires. The meditational and self-hypnosis techniques employed in this investigation are simple to use and effective in the therapy of @entity148 .

title: Treatment of XXXX : a comparison of the usefulness of self-hypnosis and a meditational relaxation technique. An overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety neurosis']

entities_list: @entity14062 :: ('MESH:D012652', 'Disease') :: ['self-hypnosis technique', 'HT']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Lichen planus is a chronic, immunologic, @entity66 with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the most common forms of @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ) and its symptoms and to describe treatment responses in @entity1 during 10-year period. METHODS: The study was conduced on 163 @entity8619 @entity1 who came in the Department of Oral medicine and Periodontology between 1997 and September 2007. Each case was classified into one of four clinical subtypes: reticular, @entity3202 , erosive-ulcerative, bullous. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in @entity1 age. @entity1 were found to be significantly more likely to have @entity8619 (p < 0.001). @entity288 were effective in reducing symptoms, @entity1066 . Improvement was shown over a long term in 61.35% @entity1 . Over the long term 38.65% @entity1 maintained the same type of @entity8619 or it became a more severe type. Two @entity1 (1.22%) developed @entity1697 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The response of @entity1 with erosive @entity8619 to a short course of systemic corticosteroids often was quite remarkable. However, symptoms and signs tended to recur after this treatment. Periodic examinations, @entity1 education, medical treatment, monitoring of side-effects as well as follow-up biopsies are necessary for management of @entity8619 @entity1 .

title: Incidence and treatment outcome of XXXX in southeast Serbia in a 10-year period (1997-2007).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous disease']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['erythema and healing ulcers']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity8619 :: (MESH:D017676,Disease) :: ['oral lichen planus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity544 ( @entity515 ) laser skin resurfacing has become an accepted procedure for the rejuvenation of aged and wrinkled facial skin. The benefits of this technique have been limited by the prolonged postoperative erythema, delayed re-epithelialization, and potential changes in pigmentation. We investigated the effects of coupling a pulsed @entity515 laser to a @entity55810 handpiece at various temperatures to cool and conduct heat from the skin surface. We compared the heat conducting handpiece to standard techniques used to determine the effects on epithelial preservation, depth of thermal damage, and new collagen growth. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dorsal aspect of piglets was treated with four handpiece arrangements: no thermally conducting window; a @entity55810 thermally conducting window at room temperature; and the @entity55810 thermally conducting window cooled to 10 and 5 degrees C. Intensities were measured to account for reflections from the surface of the handpiece. With the @entity515 laser in scanning mode and a spot size of 1 mm, each handpiece was used at intensities ranging from 8-30 W in one pass. Biopsies for histopathologic analysis and determination of the degree of epithelial damage and the depth of thermal damage were taken on days 0, 2, and 16. RESULTS: All specimens revealed complete re-epithelialization by day 16. The addition of a cooled handpiece did not affect either the amount of epithelial preservation or the depth of thermal damage. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant advantage in using a cooled or room temperature @entity55810 handpiece for epithelial preservation or decreasing the inflammatory response in @entity515 laser resurfacing.

title: XXXX laser skin resurfacing with a cooled handpiece.

entities_list: @entity55810 :: ('MESH:C044696', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc selenide']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['Carbon dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection of bacterial translocation after subclinical @entity63 reperfusion injuries in @entity35 with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. METHODS: Six-week-old weaning @entity35 were divided into 3 groups. (1) Experiment @entity35 (n = 20) were gavaged with 10(10) @entity526 followed by superior mesentery artery occluded for 10 minutes, then reperfused for 30 minutes. (2) Control @entity35 (n = 20) received bacterial gavage. (3) Group 3 were sham @entity35 (n = 20). After the procedure, 3 mL of blood was obtained from the portal vein. The terminal ileum and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) near the terminal ileum were removed. @entity526 DNA was detected in blood and MLN samples by PCR, and histological changes were examined. RESULTS: @entity526 DNA detection in @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) group animals was 6 of 20 (30%) in the MLN and 2 of 20 (10%) in the blood. PCR was negative in all the @entity35 in the control group and in the sham group (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the histological examination of @entity35 intestines. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that subclinical intestinal I/R injury results in bacterial translocation. Also, PCR is a highly sensitive and rapid method to detect the presence of microbial DNA.

title: Detection of intestinal bacterial translocation in subclinical XXXX -reperfusion using the polymerase chain reaction technique.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']