abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ritual circumcision is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the developing world. Various technique for circumcision has been described to increase @entity1 's safety and to decrease operating time. This study will look at comparing the conventional method of circumcision using scissors and ligatures with @entity162 . To compare the incidence of @entity548 and @entity281 in @entity1 who underwent circumcision between using the @entity162 technique with conventional surgery (dorsal slit) technique for circumcision. The operative time between the two techniques were also recorded. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized study was conducted in all @entity1 undergoing ritual circumcision at Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Malaysia over a 1-year period. Data analysed were the operation time, @entity86 rates and @entity281 rates. RESULTS: A total of 341 @entity1 were included in the study. Randomization resulted in 183 @entity1 in conventional surgery group and 158 @entity1 in bipolar group. The incidence of @entity548 were significantly better in the bipolar group compared to conventional group (3.1% vs 19.7%), (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the @entity281 rate (1.3% vs 2.7%) (p=0.457). Operative times were shorter in the @entity162 group (Mean 8.2 minutes) compared to conventional group (Mean 15.3 minutes) (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Bipolar diathermy technique for circumcision is safe and quicker than the dorsal slit technique.

title: A prospective randomised comparison of XXXX versus conventional dorsal slit technique for ritual circumcision: a Malaysian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar diathermy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar diathermy']


abstract: In a double-blind, randomized trial, 253 @entity1 with @entity712 (New York Heart Association functional class IV) received either @entity4688 (n = 127) or placebo (n = 126) in addition to their conventional therapeutic regimens (digitalis, diuretics and vasodilators other than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors). @entity4688 was administered in a dose of 2.5 to 40 mg/day. The placebo group was administered placebo tablets in addition to their conventional therapeutic regimen. The study was discontinued prematurely for ethical reasons because of the highly significant (p = 0.003) difference in mortality between the @entity4688 (n = 50) and placebo groups (n = 68). The important reduction was observed among @entity1 dying from progressive @entity712 . Follow-up ranged from 1 day to 20 months (average 188 days). The reduction in mortality was associated with general improvements in symptoms and signs of left and right @entity712 , reduction of heart size, improvements in New York Heart Association classification, reduction of concurrent cardiovascular medication, and reduction in the number of hospital admissions and duration of hospitalization. The overall rate of withdrawal from the study was low and was comparable in the 2 treatment groups (16%). Induced @entity551 was an intentional part of the treatment, and symptomatic @entity551 was observed in 17% of treated @entity1 vs 0% of the placebo group. @entity551 was the reason for withdrawal in 7 @entity1 . After the initial dose of @entity4688 was reduced to 2.5 mg in high-risk @entity1 , @entity551 was the reason for withdrawal in only 3% of all @entity1 . @entity4144 was observed exclusively among @entity1 concurrently using @entity972 -sparing agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tolerability of XXXX in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this single-center, single-dose, double-blind randomized parallel group study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of a new liquid formulation of @entity7988 at two dose levels (25 mg or 50 mg) compared to a commercially available liquid form of @entity10964 500 mg and placebo with all treatments administered as drops to @entity1 with severe @entity158 . METHODS: The study was designed with a sample size of 69 @entity1 per treatment for a total of 276 @entity1 . However, due to administrative changes at the site, the study was prematurely terminated; thus only 108 @entity1 (26 to 28 @entity1 per treatment), 18 years or older, with severe @entity158 were randomized to one of the four treatments. Treatments were assessed over a 6-hour period using standard scales for @entity158 intensity and @entity158 relief and a number of derived variables based on these data. Since the study medications were not identical in appearance, the preparation and administration of the study medication, and the observation of the @entity1 , were carried out by two different individuals to maintain double-blind conditions. RESULTS: All active treatments were significantly superior to placebo for several measures of analgesia including 4-hour and 6-hour SPID and TOTPAR scores. The global rating was assessed as "good" or "excellent" by over 75% of the @entity1 in the active treatment groups compared to 7.4% of the @entity1 in the placebo group. Reduction in @entity158 intensity was very similar for the two-dose levels of @entity7988 and the comparator @entity10964 500 mg. CONCLUSION: @entity7988 25 mg or 50 mg, and @entity10964 500 mg seem to be equally suited for use as @entity158 relief medication after minor surgery, as well as episiotomy. This study did not demonstrate a need for more than 25 mg of @entity7988 in @entity158 . All treatments were well tolerated. No adverse events were reported.

title: Analgesic efficacy of liquid @entity7988 compared to liquid XXXX and placebo administered orally as drops in @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketoprofen', 'ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['postepisiotomy pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity10964 :: (MESH:D004177,Chemical) :: ['dipyrone']


abstract: Scrub and @entity19 typhus have been identified as causes of illness among the 238,000 displaced Khmer @entity1 residing in temporary settlements on the Thai side of the Thai-Cambodian border. Still, the true extent of the problem and the relative frequency of infection with @entity9556 as compared to @entity19 typhus are unknown. We evaluated consecutive @entity1 with unexplained pyrexia (documented fever, no exclusionary diagnosis, and constitutional symptoms) in 1 temporary settlement over 1 month. Laboratory studies included culture of blood and assay of paired sera for rickettsial IgM and IgG antibody, for dengue IgM and IgG antibody, and for leptospiral IgM and IgG antibody. Among 37 @entity1 (27 adults and 10 @entity1 ), 28 (75%) had a rickettsiosis (26 cases of @entity19 typhus and 2 cases of @entity9556 ). No case of @entity779 , or @entity2926 was diagnosed. The illnesses of 9 @entity1 were not identified. Signs and symptoms did not distinguish confirmed rickettsial infections from undiagnosed illnesses. The 1 month attack rate of @entity281 was 29/100,000 for @entity1 and 185/100,000 for adults. @entity19 typhus was a major cause of @entity221 in this settlement.

title: XXXX typhus identified as a major cause of @entity221 in a camp for displaced Khmers in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity9556 :: ('MESH:D012612', 'Disease') :: ['scrub typhus']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rickettsial infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['enteric fever, dengue']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mass lesions arising in the scalp or the cranial vault of @entity1 require a significant diagnostic work-up but their nature, in most instances, can only be clarified after histopathological study. @entity5 of osseous consistency or merging from within cranial bones are seldom susceptible of fine needle aspiration biopsy and require excision. Ossified cephalhematoma is a rare entity that is usually related to perinatal or accidental @entity130 . Exceptionally, ossified cephalhematoma has a non-traumatic origin and arises from a different condition, as @entity5 or @entity600 . DISCUSSION: Cavernomas of the skull are infrequent and occur in middle-aged individuals. Skull cavernomas in @entity1 lack the sunburst radiographic pattern seen in adults and may present as a bone-like @entity5 whose appearance is identical to that of ossified cephalhematoma. A literature search showed only two previous reports of @entity1 younger than 1 year with skull cavernomas presenting with associated ossified cephalhematomas. We hypothesize that this type of skull cavernomas are congenital in origin and that they manifest precociously due to the occurrence of @entity548 . CASE ILLUSTRATION: We report a 12-month-old @entity1 presenting with a hard @entity5 arising on his right parietal bone that was present since birth. After diagnostic work-up, the @entity3478 and the associated intraosseous @entity1410 were removed. Interestingly, the source of the @entity1410 was a @entity2477 originating in the skull. CONCLUSIONS: Calvarial @entity2477 may bleed precociously, even before birth, and manifest as large intraosseous @entity1410 . Differential diagnosis against ossified cephalhematoma can only be established through histopathological study.

title: XXXX of the cranial vault in @entity1 : a case-based update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['early bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma', 'cavernous hemangiomas']

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['Cavernous hemangiomas']


abstract: CONTEXT: Natriuretic peptides (NP) regulate cardiovascular homeostasis and have multiple metabolic properties. Decreased levels of NP or "natriuretic handicap" are signs of @entity2690 resistance such as @entity1144 . Increased expression of @entity15580 ( @entity15580 ) in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) was observed in @entity2690 -resistant subjects. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that @entity2690 acutely regulates NP receptor expression in adipose tissue. DESIGN AND @entity1 : @entity13380 , @entity21694 , and @entity15580 mRNA expression was measured in paired samples of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and @entity1386 from 157 subjects (108 with type 2 @entity6 ). The effect of @entity2690 on @entity19485 gene expression in @entity1386 was studied in @entity1717 clamp experiments. Additionally, the effect of @entity2690 and @entity413 on @entity19485 expression in the culture of primary @entity1 monocytes and macrophages was tested. RESULTS: @entity13380 and @entity15580 gene expression was higher in @entity1386 compared with @entity1386 (P < 0.01), but only @entity15580 gene expression strongly correlated with fasting @entity2690 levels (r = 0.65, P = 0.04   10(-3); and r = 0.54, P = 0.002, for @entity1386 and @entity1386 , respectively). @entity21694 expression was lower in @entity1386 than in @entity1386 in subjects with type 2 @entity6 and was lower compared with nondiabetic subjects. @entity15580 gene expression was up-regulated in @entity1386 during both euglycemic- and @entity1602 (P = 0.038 and P = 0.048, respectively), and was increased in high @entity413 and @entity2690 treatment in monocytes (70.2%; P = 0.01), but not in mature macrophages. CONCLUSION: @entity2690 increased expression of @entity15580 in @entity1386 independently of circulating @entity413 concentrations. Thus, @entity2690 might suppress circulating NP via up-regulation of @entity15580 expression in @entity28 , providing a novel link between @entity3190 and @entity28 .

title: @entity2690 up-regulates natriuretic peptide clearance receptor expression in the subcutaneous fat depot in obese subjects: a missing link between CVD risk and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity15580 :: ('4883', 'Gene') :: ['NPRC', 'NP clearance receptor']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['sc adipose tissue', 'visceral adipose tissue', 'SAT', 'VAT']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Zigadenus (commonly known as " @entity204 camas" or "mountain camas") is a common plant in the lily family found throughout the United States. Its onion-like roots can be mistaken for an edible plant. Ingestion may cause @entity1344 which has successfully been treated with @entity3897 . It has been suggested that vasopressors may be an effective therapy for this ingestion. We report the successful use of @entity935 as therapy in Zigadenus ingestion. CASE REPORT: A 45 year-old, previously healthy male presented to the @entity2613 with complaints of severe @entity390 and @entity391 after ingesting two "wild onion" bulbs. He was noted to have marked @entity551 and @entity1168 in the @entity2613 , which initially responded to treatment with IV fluids and @entity3897 . The plant was identified as a species of Zigadenus. After a second drop in heart rate and blood pressure in the ICU, @entity551 and @entity1168 were treated successfully with a @entity935 infusion. DISCUSSION: Zigadenus ingestion presents with @entity391 , @entity551 and @entity1168 . The @entity1344 responded well to @entity3897 for 1-2 hours. @entity935 infusion was used to stabilize both heart rate and blood pressure. With supportive care, poisoned individuals become relatively asymptomatic within 24 hours of their ingestion. @entity1 may be discharged once asymptomatic, typically the day after ingestion, and do not have any known long term sequelae. CONCLUSION: @entity4968 causes @entity391 , @entity551 and @entity1168 . The @entity1344 may be treated with @entity3897 administration and @entity935 infusion.

title: XXXX treated with @entity3897 and @entity935 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine', 'dopamine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['Zigadenus poisoning']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['Zigadenus poisoning']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The overall aim of this study was to describe the current set of guidelines for the preparation and care for @entity1 with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) in the perioperative setting across Sweden and explore the content of these guidelines in detail. METHOD: An online questionnaire was distributed to the chairpersons of all anesthesia departments (n = 68) and pediatric departments (n = 38) throughout Sweden. Follow-up phone calls were made to those departments that did not return the questionnaire. The presence of guidelines was analyzed through descriptive statistics. These guidelines and comments on routines used in these departments were analyzed inspired by conventional content analysis. RESULTS: Seven of the 68 anesthesia departments and none of the 38 pediatric departments across Sweden have guidelines for preparing and/or administering care to @entity1 with @entity72 within the perioperative setting. From the guidelines and routines used, 3 categories emerge: "lacking the necessary conditions," "no extra considerations needed," and "care with specific consideration for @entity1 with @entity72 ." These 3 categories span a continuum in the care. In the first category, the anesthesia induction could result in the @entity1 with @entity72 being physically restrained. In the last category, the entire encounter with the health care service would be adapted to the specific needs of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines specifically designed to meet the needs of @entity1 with @entity72 in the preoperative period in Sweden. Further research is needed to understand if @entity1 with @entity72 would benefit from evidence-based guidelines.

title: Perioperative and Anesthesia Guidelines for XXXX with Autism: A Nationwide Survey from Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder', 'ASD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Many surgical techniques have been published on how to treat @entity24676 of the tibia (CPT). We combined Ilizarov's fixator with intramedullary nailing of the tibia and developed a procedure which combines the advantages of both methods: Ilizarov's high fusion rate with alignment control and the protection against refracture provided by the intramedullary nail. The results of this approach are presented and discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 and three @entity1 aged 3-14 years (mean age 8 years 2 months) were treated using our combined technique. In six cases, the CPT was associated with @entity4786 . Two strategies were adopted: in six cases, a compression was applied on the @entity79 , and in four cases, segmental bone transportation was performed before the compression procedure. The final follow-up (1.2-6.6 years) included a clinical and radiological examination. RESULTS: Tibial union was achieved in nine cases without bone grafting. In one case, tibial union still remains uncertain, despite intertibiofibular bone grafting and additional compression procedures. Thirteen overall complications were noted, including three @entity85 of the ankle. Bone transportation failed to achieve complete limb lengthening in three cases. One @entity281 occurred 4 years after removal of the external fixator. The treatment for this included nail removal and antibiotic therapy for 3 months. Despite a permanent protection of orthosis, a refracture occurred 2 years after nail removal, reverting to the initial level of @entity1516 . Another surgical attempt using the same method was then performed with a satisfactory result. CONCLUSIONS: The association of Ilizarov's technique and intramedullary nailing achieved and maintained tibial union in nine of ten @entity1 at final follow-up. It also allowed correction of @entity85 and prevented refracture. Despite the short duration of the follow-up and a high rate of complications in our series, this method can be useful in many cases of CPT in which healing has failed to occur despite many previous surgeries.

title: Association of Ilizarov's technique and intramedullary rodding in the treatment of XXXX of the tibia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity', 'axial deformities']

entities_list: @entity24676 :: ('MESH:C535762', 'Disease') :: ['congenital pseudoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['congenital pseudarthrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To (1) reduce deep sedation and @entity933 to permit mobilization, (2) increase the frequency of rehabilitation consultations and treatments to improve @entity1 ' functional mobility, and (3) evaluate effects on length of stay. DESIGN: Seven-month prospective before/after quality improvement project. SETTING: Sixteen-bed @entity910 ( @entity910 ) in academic hospital. @entity1 : 57 @entity1 mechanically ventilated 4 days or longer. INTERVENTION: A multidisciplinary team focused on reducing heavy sedation and increasing @entity910 staffing to include full-time physical and occupational therapists with new consultation guidelines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sedation and @entity933 status, rehabilitation treatments, functional mobility. RESULTS: Compared with before the quality improvement project, @entity1245 use decreased markedly (proportion of @entity910 days that @entity1 received @entity1245 [50% vs 25%, P=.002]), with lower median daily sedative doses (47 vs 15 mg @entity1363 equivalents [P=.09] and 71 vs 24 mg @entity1286 equivalents [P=.01]). @entity1 had improved sedation and @entity933 status ( @entity910 days alert [30% vs 67%, P<.001] and not delirious [21% vs 53%, P=.003]). There were a greater median number of rehabilitation treatments per @entity1 (1 vs 7, P<.001) with a higher level of functional mobility (treatments involving sitting or greater mobility, 56% vs 78%, P=.03). Hospital administrative data demonstrated that across all @entity910 @entity1 , there was a decrease in intensive care unit and hospital length of stay by 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.4-3.8) and 3.1 (0.3-5.9) days, respectively, and a 20% increase in @entity910 admissions compared with the same period in the prior year. CONCLUSIONS: Using a quality improvement process, intensive care unit @entity933 , physical rehabilitation, and functional mobility were markedly improved and associated with decreased length of stay.

title: Early physical medicine and rehabilitation for XXXX with acute respiratory failure: a quality improvement project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['medical intensive care unit', 'MICU']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to develop a reliable and reproducible statistical model to predict the survival outcome of @entity1 with localized @entity320 . METHODS: A total of 25,734 @entity1 with localized @entity320 from the 2008 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) @entity320 Database were used for the model development and validation. The predictive model was developed from the model development data set (n = 14,760) contributed by nine major institutions and study groups and was validated on an independent model validation data set (n = 10,974) consisting of @entity1 from a separate @entity320 center. Multivariate analyses based on the Cox model were performed for the model development, and the concordance correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the adequacy of the predictive model. RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics in both data sets were virtually identical, and @entity5 thickness was the single most important prognostic factor. Other key prognostic factors identified by stratified analyses included ulceration, lesion site, and @entity1 age. Direct comparisons of the predicted 5- and 10-year survival rates calculated from the predictive model and the observed Kaplan-Meier 5- and 10-year survival rates estimated from the validation data set yielded high concordance correlation coefficients of 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. A Web-based electronic prediction tool was also developed ( http://www.melanomaprognosis.org/ ). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first predictive model for localized @entity320 that was developed based on a very large data set and was successfully validated on an independent data set. The high concordance correlation coefficients demonstrated the accuracy of the predicted model. This predictive model provides a clinically useful tool for making treatment decisions, for assessing @entity1 risk, and for planning and analyzing clinical trials.

title: Predicting survival outcome of localized XXXX : an electronic prediction tool based on the AJCC @entity320 Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper was to show that self-assessed @entity148 in @entity1 with pelvic visceral discomforts is reduced after the intravaginal administration of @entity29727 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 who described themselves as anxious (scoring 5 or more in a 1 to 10 scale in a self-assessment test) and who suffered from pelvic visceral discomfort (during defecation, urination, sexual intercourse and menstruation) were enrolled in the study. Pelvic visceral discomforts were assessed using a questionnaire in which @entity1 were asked to assign a score between 1 and 10 according to intensity. The @entity1 were offered intravaginal @entity29727 therapy (2%, 4.5 mL twice a day for 30 days). The @entity1 were interviewed again and asked to self-assess @entity148 and pelvic visceral discomfort at the end of therapy. RESULTS: 12 @entity1 underwent @entity29727 therapy. With the exception of urinary discomfort, all the median scores of pelvic visceral discomforts had improved after 30 days, with significant values achieved for menstruation (P=0.013) and sexual intercourse (P=0.013). @entity148 had also decreased after 30 days (P=0.025), regardless of changes in discomfort levels. CONCLUSION: @entity29727 could selectively modulate the visceral nociceptive pathways (interoception), relieving pelvic discomfort. This action should have an independent effect on @entity148 responses.

title: Effectiveness of vaginal XXXX for treating pelvic visceral discomforts and @entity148 : a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29727 :: ('MESH:C552602', 'Chemical') :: ['adelmidrol', 'Adelmidrol']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity29727 :: (MESH:C552602,Chemical) :: ['adelmidrol']


abstract: Soft tissue @entity242 (STS) in the retroperitoneum are usually diagnosed at the late stages. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. The technique of resection is standardized. After dissection of the retroperitoneal blood vessel, a retroperitoneal plane of dissection adjacent to the spinal foramina is established in between the layers of the abdominal wall. Complete resection with @entity5 -free resection margins is the primary goal in @entity242 surgery. Preoperative assessment of pathoanatomical growth patterns with respect to retroperitoneal vascular structures--as well as to visceral and retroperitoneal organs--influences surgical strategies and thus the surgical outcome. Blood vessel replacement and a multivisceral en bloc approach improve the quality of resection. Blood vessel involvement is stratified in type I (arterial and venous involvement), type II (arterial involvement), type III(venous involvement), and type IV (no vascular involvement). Adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment options (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy) are currently being investigated. A prospective randomized phase III trial has shown a positive effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional @entity221 in disease-free survival, response rate, and local control. Subsets of @entity1821 (myxoid and round cell type) are selectively responsive to novel drugs, such as trabectedin, a DNA-binding agent. Radiotherapy is applied in higher-grade locally advanced retroperitoneal STS. The optimal technique of delivering radiotherapy remains to be determined. The restricted number of @entity1 with retroperitoneal STS and unsatisfying results in @entity5 control and long-term survival indicate the need for multi-institutional cooperative studies. An international effort is required to improve the evidence level on multimodal treatment algorithms.

title: Current concepts in the management of retroperitoneal soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'retroperitoneal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: @entity311 control in developing countries is based largely on vector eradication by the use of mosquito larvicides which is an ideal method for controlling mosquito and the related epidemics. On account of ecohazardous nature, nontarget specificity of chemical insecticides and evidences of developing resistance against them in the exposed species, currently, importance of secondary plant metabolites has been acknowledged. Insecticides of plant origin are environmentally safe, degradable, and target specific. In view of this fact, the present work highlights the larvicidal property of extracts of Amaranthus oleracea and Euphorbia hirta against the third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, the urban @entity311 vector. LC(50) values for the @entity4314 fraction of A. oleracea against larvae are 17,768.00 and 13,780.00 ppm after 24 and 48 h of exposure accordingly. For the @entity1042 extract of the same, LC(50) values are 15,541.00 and 10,174.00 ppm after 24 and 48 h of exposure. In the case of @entity8144 extract, LC(50) values after 24 and 48 h of exposure are 848.75 and 311.50 ppm. LC(50) values for @entity4314 extracts of E. hirta against the larvae are 11,063.00 and 10,922.00 ppm after 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. For @entity1042 extract of the same extract, the LC(50) values are 19,280.00 and 18,476.00 ppm after 24 and 48 h of exposure. In the case of @entity8144 extract, LC(50) values after a 24- and 48-h exposure period are 9,693.90 and 7,752.80 ppm. The results obtained for petroleum extracts of A. oleracea are encouraging and there are probabilities that the active principle contained in this extract may be more effective than its crude form and may serve as ecofriendly mosquito larvicide.

title: Amaranthus oleracea and Euphorbia hirta: natural potential larvicidal agents against the urban Indian XXXX vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae).

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity8144 :: ('MESH:C004544', 'Chemical') :: ['petroleum ether']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: T helper (Th)17 cells producing @entity636 play a role in autoimmune and @entity32 . Here, we show that @entity14293 induces @entity636 in the lung and @entity636 is required during antigen sensitization to develop @entity56 , as shown in IL-17R-deficient @entity19 . Since @entity636 expression increased further upon antigen challenge, we addressed its function in the effector phase. Most strikingly, neutralization of @entity636 augmented the @entity56 response in sensitized @entity19 . Conversely, exogenous @entity636 reduced pulmonary eosinophil recruitment and @entity6587 , demonstrating a novel regulatory role of @entity636 . Mechanistically, @entity636 down modulated eosinophil-chemokine @entity639 ( @entity639 ) and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine/ @entity15064 ( @entity15064 ) in lungs in vivo and ex vivo upon antigen restimulation. In vitro, @entity636 reduced @entity15064 production in dendritic cells (DCs)-the major source of @entity15064 -and antigen uptake by DCs and @entity59 and @entity1312 production in regional lymph nodes. Furthermore, @entity636 is regulated in an @entity58 -dependent manner since @entity19 deficient for @entity13838 signaling showed a marked increase in @entity636 concentration with inhibited eosinophil recruitment. Therefore, endogenous @entity636 is controlled by @entity58 and has a dual role. Although it is essential during antigen sensitization to establish @entity56 , in sensitized @entity19 @entity636 attenuates the @entity56 response by inhibiting DCs and chemokine synthesis.

title: Interleukin-17 is a negative regulator of established XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of costimulatory molecules targeting distinct T-cell signaling pathways has provided a means for triggering and enhancing antitumor immunity; however, it is still not fully understood what types of costimulatory molecules are suitable for the combination in @entity5 therapy. Our purpose in this study is to establish an effective antitumor immune approach by using costimulatory molecule @entity30619 in combination with soluble PD-1. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The @entity19 @entity26246 hepatocarcinoma served as an ectopic @entity5 model. Local gene transfer was done by injection with naked plasmid p4-1BBL and/or psPD-1. The synergistic mechanism of dual-gene therapy was elucidated by detecting the change of gene expression of immunoregulatory factors in @entity5 microenvironment. The effects of immunotherapy were evaluated by testing the function of @entity5 -specific T cells, measuring @entity5 weight or volume, survival of @entity19 , and H_E staining of tissues. RESULTS: @entity30619 expressed by normal nonimmune cells effectively enhanced antitumor immune response but up-regulated @entity26327 and did not reduce @entity1618 and transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity641 ). sPD-1 synergized with @entity30619 to establish efficient antitumor immune environment, including down-regulation of @entity1618 and @entity641 , further up-regulation of @entity2047 and @entity60 , and higher CD8(+) T-cell infiltration. The combined treatment by @entity30619 /sPD-1 eradicated @entity5 from @entity19 with small amounts of preexistent @entity5 cells or @entity5 from approximately 60% of individuals with larger amounts of preexistent @entity5 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this report imply a great potential of @entity30619 in combination with sPD-1 in @entity5 therapeutics with the in vivo existent @entity5 cells as antigens.

title: Soluble PD-1 facilitates @entity30619 -triggered antitumor immunity against @entity19 XXXX hepatocarcinoma in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity26246 :: (109779(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['H22']


abstract: Two standardized enzyme immunoassays for the serological diagnosis of @entity7553 were developed. The first one detects antimannan antibodies, while the second one detects mannan with a sensitivity of 0.1 ng/ml. These tests were applied to 162 serum samples retrospectively selected from 43 @entity1 with mycologically and clinically proven @entity7553 caused by @entity5132 . Forty-three serum samples were positive for mannan, and 63 had significant antibody levels. Strikingly, only five serum samples were simultaneously positive by both tests. When the results were analyzed per @entity1 , 36 (84%) presented at least one serum positive by one test. For 30 of them, positivity by one test was always associated with negative results by the other test for any of the tested sera. For six @entity1 whose sera were positive for either an antigen or an antibody response, a balance between positivity by each test was evidenced by kinetic analysis of sera drawn during the time course of the @entity281 . Controls consisted of 98 serum samples from healthy individuals, 93 serum samples from @entity1 hospitalized in intensive care units, and 39 serum samples from @entity1 with deep mycoses. The sensitivities and specificities were 40 and 98% and 53 and 94% for mannanemia or antibody detection, respectively. These values reached 80 and 93%, respectively, when the results of both tests were combined. These observations, which clearly demonstrate a disparity between circulation of a given mannan catabolite and antimannan antibody response, suggest that use of both enzyme immunoassays may be useful for the routine diagnosis of @entity7553 .

title: New enzyme immunoassays for sensitive detection of circulating XXXX mannan and antimannan antibodies: useful combined test for diagnosis of systemic candidiasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity717 is a main outcome in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) which tends to increase with comorbidities. However, the extent to which comorbidities contribute to the multifactorial process of disability has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the contribution of comorbidity to @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (CCI(A)), serial measurements of disease activity and functional disability (evaluated by the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, HAQ) of 380 @entity1 with established @entity309 seen at an outpatient clinic over 1 year (June 2007 to July 2008) were ascertained. The association between comorbidity and @entity717 was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and adjusted general linear regression models. RESULTS: Four @entity1 groups with increasing levels of comorbidity (CCI(A) 0, 1-2, 3-4 and 5-9; potential range 0-38) were defined. Mean HAQ scores were significantly different across these groups (0.67, 0.80, 1.24, 1.40, respectively; p<0.001) and also when adjusted for disease activity, gender and disease duration in the regression model (0.84, 0.88, 1.14, 1.48, respectively; p<0.001). The effects of CCI(A) on disability were similar within different strata of disease activity: namely, remission (0.26, 0.31, 0.48 and 0.88, p<0.01); low disease activity (0.83, 0.78, 0.98 and 1.36, p<0.01); and moderate to high disease activity (1.22, 1.33, 1.70 and 1.91, p<0.01), and thus were independent of disease activity. Several sensitivity analyses, including the use of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), confirmed these observations. CONCLUSION: @entity717 becomes worse with increasing levels of comorbidity, irrespective of disease activity.

title: Impact of comorbidity on physical function in XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Physical disability', 'physical disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate existing evaluation tools with clinical information on @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) @entity1 following age and to investigate genetic mutation and its relationship with clinical function. METHOD: The medical records of 121 @entity1 with @entity1555 who had visited the pediatric rehabilitation clinic from 2006 to 2009 were reviewed. The mean @entity1 age was 9.9  3.4 years and all subjects were male. Collected data included Brooke scale, Vignos scale, bilateral shoulder abductor and knee extensor muscles power, passive @entity11535 (PROM) of ankle dorsi-flexion, angle of @entity1635 , peak cough flow (PCF), fractional shortening (FS), @entity74 , and use of @entity134 . RESULTS: The Brooke and Vignos scales were linearly increased with age (Brooke (y(1)), Vignos (y(2)), age (x), y(1)=0.345x-1.221, R(Brooke) (2)=0.435, y(2)=0.813x-3.079, R(Vignos) (2)=0.558, p<0.001). In relation to the PROM of ankle dorsi-flexion, there was a linear decrease in both ankles (right and left R(2)=0.364, 0.372, p<0.001). Muscle power, Cobb angle, PCF, and FS showed diversity in their degrees, irrespective of age. The genetic test for dystrophin identified exon deletions in 58.0% (69/119), duplications in 9.2% (11/119), and no deletions or duplications in 32.8% (39/119). Statistically, the @entity74 and use of @entity134 were not definitely associated with functional scale. CONCLUSION: The Brooke scale, Vignos scale and PROM of ankle dorsi-flexion were partially available to assess @entity1555 @entity1 . However, this study demonstrates the limitations of preexisting scales and clinical parameters incomprehensively reflecting functional changes of @entity1555 @entity1 .

title: The correlation analysis of functional factors and age with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['range of motion']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: The difficulties encountered in administering @entity2361 to 40 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) over a six to 24 month period are recorded. Side-effects were frequent. @entity644 occurred in 13 @entity1 (33%) mainly in the fourth to the sixth month. Renal biopsies were performed in six @entity1 and all showed light microscopy abnormalities. Electron microscopy performed in five @entity1 revealed @entity8165 in all and in addition some had @entity7622 . Seven @entity1 (17.5%) developed eight episodes of thrombocytopaenia which was quickly reversed on cessation of treatment or reduction in dosage. On the positive side, there was significant improvement in most parameters of disease activity at six, 12 and 18 months compared to the pretreatment levels, but the results at two years were less impressive. Reduction in @entity134 dosage was considerable and was greater than half the mean pretreatment dose after two years but the absence of a control group makes the full significance of these uncertain. @entity1 on high and low dosage regimens were compared over a 12 month period of treatment. Although the differences were not statistically significant, withdrawals and side-effects were less frequent in the low dose group.

title: Difficulties in the use of XXXX in the treatment of @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8165 :: ('MESH:C567547', 'Disease') :: ['subepithelial deposits']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial and subendothelial deposits']

answer: @entity2361 :: (MESH:D010396,Chemical) :: ['D-penicillamine']


abstract: @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) with substantial global warming potential and also contributes to @entity1787 depletion through photochemical @entity842 (NO) production in the stratosphere. The negative effects of @entity3727 on climate and stratospheric @entity1787 make @entity3727 mitigation an international challenge. More than 60% of global @entity3727 emissions are emitted from agricultural soils mainly due to the application of synthetic @entity1568 -containing fertilizers. Thus, mitigation strategies must be developed which increase (or at least do not negatively impact) on agricultural efficiency whilst decrease the levels of @entity3727 released. This aim is particularly important in the context of the ever expanding population and subsequent increased burden on the food chain. More than two-thirds of @entity3727 emissions from soils can be attributed to bacterial and fungal denitrification and nitrification processes. In @entity3265 -oxidizing bacteria, @entity3727 is formed through the oxidation of @entity8696 to @entity3542 . In denitrifiers, @entity1507 is reduced to N2 via @entity3542 , NO and @entity3727 production. In addition to denitrification, respiratory @entity1507 ammonification (also termed dissimilatory @entity1507 reduction to @entity16764 ) is another important @entity1507 -reducing mechanism in soil, responsible for the loss of @entity1507 and production of @entity3727 from reduction of NO that is formed as a by-product of the reduction process. This review will synthesize our current understanding of the environmental, regulatory and biochemical control of @entity3727 emissions by @entity1507 -reducing bacteria and point to new solutions for agricultural GHG mitigation.

title: XXXX Metabolism in @entity1507 -Reducing Bacteria: Physiology and Regulatory Mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity8696 :: ('MESH:D019811', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylamine']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['Nitrous Oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of @entity517 , @entity876 and @entity986 protein expression in @entity82 , to detect the @entity2163 gene mutation in @entity82 , and to explore the property of @entity82 . METHODS: The expression of @entity517 , @entity876 and @entity986 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry SP method in 35 cases of @entity82 including 1 @entity10751 with @entity5 and 20 control cases (10 cases of @entity2721 , 10 cases of @entity421 ). Genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification and gene sequencing were used to detect @entity2163 gene mutation in 35 cases of @entity82 . RESULTS: @entity517 protein immunoreactivity was detected in 91 percentage of @entity10751 (P = 0.001). Compared with the negative control group, the difference was significant. @entity986 positive was detected in 34 @entity10751 cases (P = 0.001). The difference was significant as compared with the positive control group. Positive @entity876 protein expression was detected in the only 1 case of @entity82 with malignant transformation. PCR amplification was successful in 12 of 35 @entity10751 cases. Two of the 12 @entity10751 cases were detected to have @entity2163 gene mutation, in which 1 case was @entity10751 of @entity751 , 1 case was a @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity517 could be another protooncogene in addition to @entity1639 in the @entity82 . @entity876 protein overexpression could be useful in the diagnosis of @entity5 and in the prediction of the prognosis of @entity10751 . The abnormal expression of the gene @entity986 might play an important role in the formation of @entity10751 . The @entity2163 mutation exist in @entity10751 . All of the results indicate that @entity10751 could be a @entity5 disease, caused by multiple factors leading to a dysfunction of bone development.

title: [Abnormal expression of @entity517 , XXXX , @entity986 protein and @entity2163 gene mutation in @entity82 ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia', 'fibrous dysplasia disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['FD malignancy', 'malignancy, 1 Mazabraud syndrome', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['monostotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony callus']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Mazabraud syndrome']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Muscle microvasculature critically regulates endothelial exchange surface area to facilitate transendothelial delivery of insulin, nutrients, and @entity26 to myocytes. Insulin resistance blunts insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment and decreases muscle capillary density; both contribute to lower microvascular blood volume. @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) and its analogs are able to dilate blood vessels and stimulate endothelial cell proliferation. In this study, we aim to determine the effects of sustained stimulation of the @entity15212 receptors on insulin-mediated capillary recruitment and metabolic insulin responses, small arterial endothelial function, and muscle capillary density. @entity35 were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 wk with or without simultaneous administration of liraglutide and subjected to a @entity1717 for 120 min after an overnight fast. Insulin-mediated muscle microvascular recruitment and muscle oxygenation were determined before and during insulin infusion. Muscle capillary density was determined and distal saphenous artery used for determination of endothelial function and insulin-mediated vasodilation. HFD induced muscle microvascular insulin resistance and small @entity455 and decreased muscle capillary density. Simultaneous treatment of HFD-fed @entity35 with liraglutide prevented all of these changes and improved insulin-stimulated @entity413 disposal. These were associated with a significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation and the expressions of @entity6667 and its receptors. We conclude that @entity17121 agonists may exert their salutary glycemic effect via improving @entity1720 and muscle capillary density during the development of insulin resistance, and early use of @entity17121 agonists may attenuate metabolic insulin resistance as well as prevent @entity65 of @entity6 .

title: Liraglutide prevents microvascular insulin resistance and preserves muscle capillary density in high-fat diet-fed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial vessel endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECT: Despite the application of current standard therapies, @entity2553 continues to result in @entity204 or major disability in @entity1 treated for @entity1756 . The authors investigated the effectiveness of continous @entity2400 infusion for @entity2553 prophylaxis. METHODS: Seventy-six adults (mean age 54.6 years; 71% @entity1 ; 92% Caucasian) were included in this comparative matched-cohort study of @entity1 with @entity510 on the basis of computed tomography (CT) findings. Thirty-eight @entity1 who received continuous @entity2400 infusion were matched for age, race, sex, treatment option, Fisher grade, and Hunt and Hess grade to 38 historical control individuals who did not receive @entity2400 infusion. Twelve grams of @entity2400 in 500 ml normal saline was given intravenously daily for 12 days if the @entity1 presented within 48 hours of @entity1756 . @entity2553 was diagnosed on the basis of digital substraction angiography, CT angiography, and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, and evidence of @entity16 . Symptomatic @entity2553 was present at a significantly lower frequency in @entity1 who received @entity2400 infusion (18%) compared with @entity1 who did not receive @entity2400 (42%) (p = 0.025). There was no significant difference in mortality rate at discharge (p = 0.328). A trend toward improved outcome as measured by the modifed Rankin Scale (p = 0.084), but not the Glasgow Outcome Scale (p = 1.0), was seen in the @entity2400 treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the results suggests that @entity2400 infusion may have a role in @entity2553 prophylaxis if therapy is initiated within 48 hours of @entity1756 .

title: Magnesium infusion for @entity2553 prophylaxis after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm', 'cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We present the first published description of a painful @entity1823 of the external auditory canal. Atypical histopathology made the diagnosis difficult. We discuss the potential pitfalls of clinical diagnosis and treatment of such a case. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old @entity1 presented with left-sided @entity7867 , @entity393 and @entity392 . Physical examination revealed a firm swelling arising from the superior portion of the left external auditory canal. A clinical diagnosis of @entity2346 externa was made. INTERVENTION: There was minimal response to medical treatment. The swelling was aspirated, leading to brisk @entity548 . A @entity5 was suspected from the computed tomography scan, and confirmed by a biopsy. The @entity1 underwent excision of the @entity1823 . The histopathology was atypical, making diagnosis difficult. CONCLUSION: Such unusual masses of the external ear should always be borne in mind, especially when dealing with atypical presentations of commonly encountered diseases. Clinicians should have a low threshold for early intervention with imaging and biopsy.

title: External auditory canal XXXX : an atypical presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paraganglioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: While prisms are commonly prescribed for homonymous @entity1805 to extend or expand the visual field, they cause potentially troubling visual side effects, including nonveridical location of perceived images, @entity892 , and visual @entity911 . In addition, the field behind a prism at its apex is lost to an apical @entity1019 equal in magnitude to the amount of prism shift. The perceptual consequences of apical @entity1019 and the other effects of various designs were examined to consider parameters and designs that can mitigate the impact of these effects. METHODS: Various configurations of sector and peripheral prisms were analyzed, in various directions of gaze, and their visual effects were illustrated using simulated perimetry. A novel "percept" diagram was developed that yielded insights into the @entity1 's view through the prisms. The predictions were verified perimetrically with @entity1 . RESULTS: The diagrams distinguish between potentially beneficial field expansion via visual @entity911 and the pericentrally disturbing and useless effect of @entity892 , and their relationship to prism power and gaze direction. They also illustrate the nonexpanding substitution of field segments of some popular prism designs. CONCLUSIONS: Yoked sector prisms have no effect at primary gaze or when gaze is directed toward the seeing hemifield, and they introduce pericentral field loss when gaze is shifted into them. When fitted unilaterally, sector prisms also have an effect only when the gaze is directed into the prism and may cause a pericentral @entity1019 and/or central @entity892 . Peripheral prisms are effective at essentially all gaze angles. Since gaze is not directed into them, they avoid problematic pericentral effects. We derive useful recommendations for prism power and position parameters, including novel ways of fitting prisms asymmetrically. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians will find these novel diagrams, diagramming techniques, and analyses valuable when prescribing prismatic aids for @entity1805 and when designing new prism devices for @entity1 with various types of field loss.

title: Considering XXXX , @entity911 , and @entity892 When Prescribing Prisms for @entity1805 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['scotoma', 'scotomas']

answer: @entity1019 :: (MESH:D012607,Disease) :: ['Apical Scotomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract that are driven by activated KIT-signalling or platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDFGRA) signaling. These @entity5 most commonly occur in the stomach and small intestine and encompass a clinical spectrum from benign to malignant. In the current study, the authors examined long-term follow-up data of 1892 @entity677 @entity1 from the U.S. BACKGROUND: Nine @entity1 (2 with gastric @entity674 and 7 with @entity674 of the small intestine) developed @entity2800 . There were 6 @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), including 1 case of promyelocytic and 1 case of @entity12188 , and 3 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ) with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). RESULTS: The @entity1778 developed 1.7 to 21 years after the @entity677 (median interval, 6 years). None of the @entity677 @entity1 had received radiotherapy or chemotherapy prior to the @entity1778 diagnosis. Eight of 9 @entity1 died of @entity1778 , and none died of @entity677 . All but 1 @entity677 case was found to have a low mitotic rate (0-1 per 50 high-power fields); however, @entity5 size varied from 3 to 18 cm (median, 4.5 cm). Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated comparing the incidences of @entity3052 /CMLs in @entity677 @entity1 with those in the 2000 through 2003 U.S. population. In @entity677 @entity1 , the risk of @entity3052 was found to be significantly higher for @entity1 (SIR of 5.14; 95% CI, 1.34-11.4) and overall (SIR of 2.96; 95% CI, 1.07-5.8). There was a slightly increased risk for @entity1860 , but this was not statistically significant (SIR of 3.71; 95% CI, 0.7-9.1). CONCLUSIONS: Additional epidemiologic, clinical, and pathogenetic studies are needed to understand the apparent nonrandom association between @entity677 and @entity2800 .

title: A nonrandom association between XXXX and @entity2800 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['KIT-positive mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6701 is a widely used nanomaterial whose photo-reactivity suggests that it could damage biological targets (e.g., brain) through @entity66 ( @entity66 ). OBJECTIVES: Brain cultures of immortalized @entity19 microglia (BV2), @entity35 dopaminergic (DA) neurons (N27), and primary cultures of embryonic @entity35 striatum, were exposed to Degussa @entity30236 , a commercially available @entity3759 nanomaterial. Physical properties of @entity30236 were measured under conditions that paralleled biological measures. FINDINGS: @entity30236 rapidly aggregated in physiological buffer (800-1,900 nm; 25 degrees C) and exposure media (approximately 330 nm; 37 degrees C), and maintained a negative zeta potential in both buffer (-12.2 +/- 1.6 mV) and media (-9.1 +/- 1.2 mV). BV2 microglia exposed to @entity30236 (2.5-120 ppm) responded with an immediate and prolonged release of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Hoechst nuclear stain was reduced after 24-hr (>or=100 ppm) and 48-hr (>or=2.5 ppm) exposure. Microarray analysis on @entity30236 -exposed BV2 microglia indicated up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and cell cycling pathways and down-regulation of energy metabolism. @entity30236 (2.5-120 ppm) stimulated increases of intracellular @entity855 and @entity4124 /7 activity in isolated N27 neurons (24-48 hr) but did not produce @entity137 after 72-hr exposure. Primary cultures of @entity35 striatum exposed to @entity30236 (5 ppm) showed a reduction of immunohistochemically stained neurons and microscopic evidence of neuronal apoptosis after 6-hr exposure. These findings indicate that @entity30236 stimulates ROS in BV2 microglia and is nontoxic to isolated N27 neurons. However, @entity30236 rapidly damages neurons at low concentrations in complex brain cultures, plausibly though microglial generated ROS.

title: Nanosize @entity6701 stimulates reactive XXXX species in brain microglia and damages neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The most common problem following primary flexor tendon repair is the failure of the tendon apparatus to glide, secondary to the formation of adhesions. Early motion following tendon repair has been shown to be effective in reducing adhesions between the tendon and the surrounding sheath. Therefore, it is important to determine the amount of flexor tendon excursion along the digit during joint motion. In this study, the excursion between the @entity30338 ( @entity30338 ) tendon and the sheath was examined in both @entity1 and @entity235 digits. Based on roentgenographic measurements and joint kinematic analysis, the motion of the bones, the @entity30338 tendon, and the sheath were measured with respect to @entity717 . It was found that the @entity235 flexor tendon apparatus behaved similarly to that of the @entity1 for the motions studied. The amount of tendon excursion was very small in regions distal to the joint in motion (approximately 0.1 mm/10 degrees of @entity717 ). There was little displacement of the sheath (0.2-0.3 mm), except at the metacarpal joint region during metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint motion and at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint region during @entity6520 . Tendon excursion relative to the tendon sheath was the largest in zone II during @entity717 (1.7 mm/10 degrees of @entity717 ). These results suggest that @entity6520 may be most effective in reducing adhesions following tendon repair in zone II.

title: Excursion of the @entity30338 tendon: a kinematic study of the XXXX and @entity235 digits.

entities_list: @entity30338 :: ('MESH:D015435', 'Disease') :: ['FDP', 'flexor digitorum profundus']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['PIP joint motion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['PIP joint rotation', 'joint rotations', 'joint rotation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Resection of biopsy-proven involved axillary lymph nodes (iALNs) is important to reduce the false-negative rates of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in @entity1 with @entity0 . Preoperative wire localization for iALNs marked with clips placed during biopsy is a technique that may help the removal of iALNs after NAC. However, ultrasound (US)-guided localization is often difficult because the clips cannot always be reliably visible on US. Computed tomography (CT)-guided wire localization can be used; however, to date there have been no reports on CT-guided wire localization for iALNs. The aim of this study was to describe a series of @entity1 who received CT-guided wire localization for iALN removal after NAC and to evaluate the feasibility of this technique. We retrospectively analyzed five @entity1 with @entity0 (age, 41-52 years) who were scheduled for @entity1600 biopsy after NAC and received preoperative CT-guided wire localization for iALNs. CT visualized all the clips that were not identified on post-NAC US. The wire tip was deployed beyond or at the target, with the shortest distance between the wire and the index clip ranging from 0 to 2.5 mm. The total procedure time was 21-38 minutes with good @entity1 tolerance and no complications. In four of five cases, CT wire localization aided in identification and resection of iALNs that were not identified with lymphatic mapping. @entity66 was confirmed in two cases: both had @entity66 in wire-localized lymph nodes in addition to SLNs. Although further studies with more cases are required, our results suggest that CT-guided wire localization for iALNs is a feasible technique that facilitates identification and removal of the iALNs as part of @entity1600 biopsy after NAC in situations where US localization is unsuccessful.

title: CT-Guided Wire Localization for Involved Axillary Lymph Nodes After Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy in @entity1 With Initially Node-Positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['initially node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual nodal disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autism occurs 10 times more often in @entity1 with @entity1467 than in the general population, but diagnosing co-occurring @entity2438 in @entity1467 with severe @entity717 is challenging. The objective of this case-control study was to identify characteristics differentiating @entity1 with trisomy 21 with and without @entity2438 and to determine the extent to which severe @entity73 affects the measures of @entity2438 symptomatology. METHOD: Twenty @entity1 with trisomy 21 and @entity2438 (cases) were compared with @entity1 with trisomy 21 without @entity2438 (controls) matched on chronologic age, race and gender. Communication, cognitive and adaptive behaviour skills were assessed with standardized instruments. Medical history was reviewed and medical records were examined for early head growth. Scores on the diagnostic algorithm of the Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised (ADI-R) were compared after adjusting for cognitive ability as measured by the Stanford-Binet (Fifth Edition) non-verbal change sensitive score. RESULTS: Cases performed significantly more poorly on all assessments. Mean case-control differences for matched pairs were all significant at P < 0.0001 for receptive and expressive language skills, @entity73 and adaptive skills. Seven cases had a history of @entity410 compared with one control(P = 0.01). After adjusting for cognitive ability, the mean scores on the Reciprocal Social Interaction, Communication, and Restricted, Repetitive and Stereotyped Behaviours domains of the ADI-R diagnostic algorithm remained significantly higher in cases compared with controls (P < 0.0001). All @entity1 had decreased head size consistent with @entity1467 , with no case-control differences. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with trisomy 21 and @entity2438 have significantly more impaired brain function than @entity1 with trisomy 21 without @entity2438 . However, the deficits in the core domains of social reciprocity and communication, and the restricted and repetitive interests are not entirely explained by the more severe @entity73 . This @entity2438 phenotype in @entity1 with trisomy 21 which includes an increased risk for @entity410 may indicate a widespread loss of functional connectivity in the brain.

title: Differences in the clinical presentation of Trisomy 21 with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive skills']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: RATIONALE: In @entity1 , the @entity1024 antagonist @entity12781 ( @entity212 ) induces behavioral changes that mimic @entity161 symptoms, including positive and negative symptoms as well as @entity73 . In clinic, the @entity73 are closely associated with functional outcome. Thus, improvement of cognition may have high impact on @entity1 ' daily life. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, three second-generation antipsychotics ( @entity22521 , @entity1090 , and @entity1088 ) as well as the classical antipsychotic @entity1767 were tested for the ability to reverse @entity212 -induced @entity73 in the Morris' water maze. RESULTS: The second-generation antipsychotics reversed the @entity212 -induced @entity73 : @entity22521 (0.63-2.5 mg/kg, s.c.), @entity1090 (0.04 mg/kg, s.c.; whereas 0.08 and 0.16 mg/kg were without significant effect), and @entity1088 (0.63 mg/kg, s.c.; while 1.3 mg/kg was without significant effect). The significant effect of @entity22521 was observed from day 2 onwards, while @entity1088 and @entity1090 only had significant effect at day 3. The classical antipsychotic @entity1767 (0.010-0.020 mg/kg, s.c.) was ineffective. No compounds influenced swimming speed at the doses used, indicating that motor function was preserved. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that repeated @entity212 administration induces marked @entity73 . Further, second-generation antipsychotics like @entity22521 , @entity1088 , and @entity1090 within a certain, often narrow, dose range are able to reverse the impairment and thus might improve @entity73 in @entity161 @entity1 , whereas classical compounds like @entity1767 lack this effect. The receptor mechanisms involved in the reversal of @entity212 's disruptive effect are discussed and likely include a delicate balance between effects on @entity935 D(2), @entity750 (2A/6), alpha-adrenergic, muscarinic, and histaminergic H(1) receptors.

title: Reversal of XXXX -induced learning and memory deficits in the Morris' water maze by @entity22521 and other antipsychotics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity22521 :: ('MESH:C066304', 'Chemical') :: ['sertindole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity212 :: (CHEBI:8058,Chemical) :: ['PCP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal ultrasound (US) in the transverse median (TM) plane underestimates the distance to the epidural space in @entity28 pregnant @entity1 , most likely because of compression of the subcutaneous tissue during the assessment, often required to compensate for poor visibility. We tested whether scanning in the paramedian sagittal oblique (PSO) plane compared with the TM plane resulted in a more precise estimate of the actual skin-epidural space measurement in this population. METHODS: We recruited @entity28 (World Health Organization classes I, II, and III) pregnant @entity1 at term requesting labor epidural analgesia or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery. US imaging was performed with a 5-2 MHz curved array probe to identify the insertion point and to estimate the distance from the skin to the epidural space (US-estimated depth, UD) in the PSO and TM planes. The measurements were performed with the least possible compression of the subcutaneous tissue by the US probe. All punctures were performed via the midline approach. An anesthesiologist performed the epidural/combined spinal-epidural procedure at the predetermined insertion point, and marked the actual needle distance from the skin to the epidural space (needle depth, @entity11702 ). Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine the differences and 95% limits of agreement between US depth and @entity11702 . RESULTS: We studied 60 @entity1 . The mean (SD) body mass index was 39.6 (7.9) kg/m(2) (range 30.4-66.2 kg/m(2)). The US estimate in the PSO and TM planes, and the actual @entity11702 were 6.5 (1.2) cm, 6.5 (1.1) cm, and 6.6 (1.3) cm, respectively. The Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of 0.05 cm and 95% limits of agreement of   1 cm. The quality of imaging was rated as good in the PSO and TM planes in 86.7% and 68.3%, respectively (P = 0.028). CONCLUSION: The estimates of the US-determined distance to the epidural space in the PSO are comparable to those in the TM plane. The ability to use both estimates interchangeably for midline punctures may prove useful in @entity1 presenting with poor visibility in the TM plane.

title: Ultrasound estimates for midline epidural punctures in the XXXX parturient: paramedian sagittal oblique is comparable to transverse median plane.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Despite recent success, rapidly disintegrating lyophilized tablets still face problems of low mechanical strength and higher disintegration times resulting in poor @entity1 compliance. The aim of the current work was to carry out a systematic study to understand the factors controlling mechanical properties of these formulations. The work investigated the influence of two bloom strengths of gelatin: low (60 bloom) and high (225 bloom) at different stock solution concentrations (2, 5, 7.5, and 10 %w/w). This was followed by investigation of addition of five saccharides ( @entity8372 , @entity413 , @entity7970 , @entity21840 and @entity2656 ) at varied concentration range (10-80 %w/w) to decipher their influence on disintegration time, mechanical and thermal properties of the formulation. The results indicated that the disintegration time of the tablets dramatically decreased by decreasing the concentration and bloom strength of gelatin in the stock solution. However the mechanical properties of the tablets were mainly influenced by the concentration of gelatin rather than the bloom strength. The addition of @entity1735 resulted in enhancement of tablet properties and was concentration dependent. All the saccharides improved the fractubility of the tablets significantly at high concentration (equal or higher than 40% w/w). However, only high concentration (equal or higher than 40% w/w) of @entity7970 , @entity21840 and @entity2656 significantly enhanced the @entity3358 . Additionally, @entity2656 crytallised during freeze drying and consequently produced elegant tablets, whilst the other saccarides exhibited lyoprotectant activity as they were able to retain amorphous status. Based on the above findings, an optimized formulation was also successfully developed and characterized to deliver 100 microg dose of @entity1338 @entity5828 .

title: Preparation, optimisation and characterisation of lyophilised rapid disintegrating tablets based on gelatin and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharides']

entities_list: @entity21840 :: ('MESH:C008317', 'Chemical') :: ['maltotriose']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['saccharide']


abstract: The effect of @entity11660 (BT) was determined in 27 consecutive cases of resistant @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) encountered by a hospital @entity1167 team. The @entity2224 was sustained and completely resistant to multiple injections of @entity3303 , sequential DC shocks at 400 watt-sec and one or a combination of intravenous @entity1169 , @entity3174 or @entity1818 . Following 30 min of sustained cardiac massage, BT (5 mg/kg i.v.) was administered. In 20 @entity1 , @entity2224 was terminated within 9-12 min after DC shock. Eight of these @entity1 failed to recover while 12 (44%) of all @entity1 resuscitated survived to be discharged from hospital. Eleven out of 20 (55%) of all @entity1 who had a @entity1167 outside the CCU were survivors; only one out of seven in the CCU were successfully resuscitated. While receiving maintanance BT post-resuscitation (5 mg/kg i.m. q 8-12 hrs x 48 hrs), half the @entity1 developed @entity551 and three required vasopressors and/or fluid replacement. The data indicate that BT is a useful agent in @entity1 with sustained @entity2224 refractory to repeated @entity3303 injections, some other antiarrhythmic agents, and multiple DC shocks.

title: Experience with XXXX by a hospital @entity1167 team.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity11660 :: ('MESH:D001950', 'Chemical') :: ['bretylium tosylate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenylhydantoin']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

answer: @entity11660 :: (MESH:D001950,Chemical) :: ['bretylium tosylate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This systematic review aims to summarize the published data on the reliability of pulse pressure variation ( @entity2286 ) and @entity64 volume variation ( @entity6355 ) to predict fluid responsiveness in an open-chest setting during cardio-thoracic surgery. The analysis included studies reporting receiver operating characteristics or correlation coefficients between @entity2286 / @entity6355 and change in any hemodynamic variables after a fluid challenge test in open-chest conditions. The literature search included seven studies. Increase in cardiac index and @entity64 volume index after a fluid challenge were the most adopted end-point variables. @entity2286 and @entity6355 showed similar area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values but high heterogeneity among studies. Cardiac and thoracic studies did not differ between @entity2286 / @entity6355 pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Studies exploring correlation between dynamic indices and end-point variable increase after fluid challenge showed conflicting results. The great heterogeneity between studies was due to small sample size and differences among protocol designs (different monitor devices, mechanical ventilation settings, fluid challenge methodologies, surgical incisions, and end-point variables). @entity2286 and @entity6355 seem to be inaccurate in predicting fluid responsiveness in an open-chest setting during cardio-thoracic surgery. Given the high heterogeneity of published data, more studies are needed to define the role of @entity2286 / @entity6355 in this context.

title: A systematic review of pulse pressure variation and XXXX volume variation to predict fluid responsiveness during cardiac and thoracic surgery.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aims to analyze the usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for post-treatment responses evaluation of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) management. METHODS: Literature retrieval in three databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted up to September 2015, with pre-defined criteria. The technical success rate, @entity5 recurrence and @entity5 progression were the measurement indexes. Cochran's Q test and I(2) were used for heterogeneity detection. Subgroup analyses were performed for complete ablation rate stratified by study designs, contrast agents and post-operative testing time points. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata(  ) 12.0 software (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX). RESULTS: 12 studies consisting of 772 @entity1 were included in this study. The CEUS-evaluated success rate of RFA for @entity5462 was 91%. The proportion of ablative margin <5   mm was 53%. The @entity5 recurrence rate and @entity5 progression rate were 4% and 8%, respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the CEUS-assessed technical success rate with Sonazoid    (Daiichi-Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) as the contrast agent was higher (95%) than those with other agents [SH U 508A (Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) 86%; SonoVue (Bracco @entity11028 , Milan, Italy) 87%]. The success rate assessed within 24   h (94%) after treatment was higher than longer time (1-3 days 86%; 1 month 91%). CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis showed that the CEUS-evaluated success rate of RFA for @entity5462 was 91%. The @entity5 recurrence rate and @entity5 progression rate were 4% and 8%, respectively. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Using meta-analysis, the study provided more reliable assessment of usefulness of CEUS, which could provide guidelines for @entity157 treatment.

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography used for post-treatment responses evaluation of radiofrequency ablations for XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity130 @entity1 are susceptible to @entity130 . We investigated the incidence, as well as risk factors for development of @entity55 in intensive care unit (ICU)-treated @entity130 @entity1 . In addition, we report pathogens identified in @entity1 that developed @entity55 . METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 322 @entity130 @entity1 admitted to the ICU at a level-one @entity130 centre following initial resuscitation. @entity1 15 years or older with an ICU stay of more than 24   h were included. We investigated pre-hospital and hospital parameters during the first 24   h after admission and their possible association with @entity55 within 10 days of ICU admission. RESULTS: Majority of the @entity1 were male (78%) and the median age was 41 years. The overall degree of injury was high with a median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 24. Overall 30-day mortality was 9%. Eighty-five (26%) @entity1 developed @entity55 during their first 10 days in the ICU. Univariate logistic regression revealed that intubation in the field, shock, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) 3-8, major surgery within 24   h after admission, massive transfusion and ISS   >   24 were all risk factors for subsequent development of @entity55 . In the multivariable model, only GCS 3-8 was identified as an independent risk factor. In 42 out of the 85 cases of @entity55 , the diagnosis was defined by significant growth of at least one pathogen where Enterobacteriaceae and @entity794 were the most common. CONCLUSIONS: @entity55 is a common complication among ICU-treated @entity130 @entity1 . Reduced @entity1662 is an independent risk factor for development of @entity55 after severe injury.

title: High incidence of @entity130 in intensive care-treated XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury infections', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The spread of Bact. @entity281 throughout a population of thoroughbred @entity95 at a farm in New City, N. Y., was studied over a period of 2 years. The following observations are noteworthy. 1. 50 to 75 per cent of the total mortality was due to Bact. @entity281 . 2. About 50 per cent of the stock was affected locally with Bact. lepisepticum "snuffles." 3. "Snuffles" and mortality rates showed spring and fall rises and low points during the summer. 4. Carrier, morbidity, and mortality rates of various special breeds differed consistently and to a marked degree. All reflected the same seasonal fluctuations as the total population. 5. Individuals within each breed differed in their response to the presence of Bact. lepisepticum; some died of penumonia and @entity295 ; others developed the local @entity281 , "snuffles"; others became "healthy" carriers; and a few remained uninfected.

title: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS OF THE @entity95 : IX. THE SPREAD OF BACTERIUM LEPISEPTICUM INFECTION AT A XXXX FARM IN NEW CITY, N. Y. AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['nasal infection', 'lepisepticum infection']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['RABBIT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nephrotoxicity is a major complication with immunosuppression regimens used in transplantation. Calcineurin inhibitor-sparing or reduction regimens using @entity3446 (SRL) have shown variable success in kidney transplantation. There is limited data on the role of SRL on native kidney function in pancreas transplantation. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing pancreas transplantation from 2003 to 2010 were enrolled in this study (n=65). @entity1 demographic characteristics were identified and divided into two groups: those receiving @entity1140 ( @entity11636 ) in combination with @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and those maintained on a regimen of Tac and SRL with or without @entity2098 . The slopes for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum @entity1011 level (sCr), and @entity644 changes over time were assessed between groups. Urine protein and @entity1011 ratio (uPr/uCr) was used to assess @entity644 . RESULTS: There was no difference in baseline demographic characteristics. @entity1 were followed for a median of 3 years. Baseline sCr and eGFR were similar between groups. Differences in uPr/uCr and rate of change in sCr and eGFR were not significant between the groups overall or for any specific time. There was worsening of sCr, eGFR, and uPr/uCr within the groups over the period of study. There were no significant differences when groups were split by age or gender or when the SRL group was split further based on @entity2098 inclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings suggest that using a Tac-SRL regimen in @entity1 with pancreas alone transplantation is a safe approach and may not lead to worsening @entity644 and kidney function when compared with regimens using Tac with @entity2098 .

title: Impact of @entity1140 - XXXX maintenance immunosuppression on @entity644 and kidney function in pancreas transplant alone recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulins (rATG) induce @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+)forkhead box P3 ( @entity403 (+)) regulatory T cells that control alloreactivity. In the present study, we investigated whether rATG convert T cells into functional @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) @entity403 (+) @entity6978 (-/low) regulatory T cells in the presence of drugs that may hamper their induction and function, i.e. calcineurin inhibitors. @entity2902 (neg) T cells were stimulated with rATG or control @entity95 immunoglobulin G (rIgG) in the absence and presence of @entity1140 for 24 h. Flow cytometry was performed for @entity404 , @entity2902 , @entity403 and @entity6978 and the function of @entity2902 (+) T cells was examined in suppression assays. MRNA expression profiles were composed to study the underlying mechanisms. After stimulation, the percentage @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) @entity403 (+) @entity6978 (-/low) increased (from 2% to 30%, mean, P < 0.01) and was higher in the rATG samples than in control rIgG samples (2%, P < 0.01). Interestingly, @entity403 (+)T cells were also induced when @entity1140 was present in the rATG cultures. Blockade of the interleukin (IL)-2 pathway did not affect the frequency of rATG-induced @entity403 (+) T cells. The rATG @entity1140 -induced @entity2902 (+) T cells inhibited proliferative responses of alloantigen-stimulated effector T cells as vigorously as rATG-induced and natural @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) @entity403 (+) @entity6978 (-/low) T cells (67% +/- 18% versus 69% +/- 16% versus 45% +/- 20%, mean +/- standard error of the mean, respectively). At the mRNA-expression level, rATG-induced @entity2902 (+) T cells abundantly expressed @entity688 , @entity20300 , @entity379 , perforin and @entity10807 in contrast to natural @entity2902 (+) T cells (all P = 0.03), while @entity403 was expressed at a lower level (P = 0.03). These mRNA data were confirmed in regulatory T cells from kidney transplant @entity1 . Our findings demonstrate that @entity1140 does not negatively affect the induction, phenotype and function of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) T cells, suggesting that rATG may induce regulatory T cells in @entity1 who receive @entity1140 maintenance therapy.

title: The calcineurin inhibitor XXXX allows the induction of functional CD4CD25 regulatory T cells by rabbit anti-thymocyte globulins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: @entity8146 are classified as endothelial cell @entity5 , which are the most common soft tissue @entity5 in @entity1 . In a @entity19 model of @entity8146 , we previously showed that @entity8929 is required for its development and that the expression of @entity8929 in @entity19 cells is redox sensitive. Here, we sought to identify the source of oxidants that drive @entity8146 formation. Seven known isoforms exist of the catalytic subunit @entity18511 . Only the @entity14856 isoform of @entity18511 was present in @entity19 cells, in contrast with non- @entity5 -forming @entity19 endothelial cells that contained multiple forms of nox. @entity14856 knockdown markedly attenuated @entity8929 expression and @entity8146 formation. We report that in @entity19 cells, @entity14856 is localized such that it delivers @entity274 to the nuclear compartment. Such delivery of @entity274 causes oxidative modification of DNA, which can be detected in the urine of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 as @entity7599 . @entity68 chelation by in vivo administration of @entity5532 improved @entity5 outcomes. The current state of information connects @entity14856 to @entity8929 to form a major @entity2270 of control that regulates the fate of @entity8146 development in vivo.

title: XXXX -dependent nuclear @entity274 drives DNA oxidation resulting in @entity7599 as urinary biomarker and @entity8146 formation.

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangioendotheliomas', 'hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity14856 :: (50490(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Nox-4']