abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of unilateral condylar neck @entity174 upon the stress distribution in the mandible and the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) to realize primarily the biomechanical mechanism of the @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) caused by @entity2956 . METHODS: The character of stress distribution in the mandible of a normal @entity1 and a @entity1 with @entity2956 induced by unilateral condylar neck @entity174 followed by malpositioned healing was analyzed quantitatively and compared during centric occlusion by combining spiral computed tomography scanning technology with the three-dimensional finite element method. RESULTS: The @entity1 with unilateral condylar neck @entity174 followed by malpositioned healing had unbalanced stress distribution in the mandible, such as differing nature and value of stress. The stress in the fractured side was higher than in the nonfractured side, in which the condyle was more evident. The maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress of each region in the fractured mandible were much higher than those in a normal mandible. Stress quality also differed. CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal stress changes after unilateral condylar neck @entity174 with malpositioned healing may be related to the effect of condylar shape change on masticatory muscle function and occlusion. @entity2956 not only damaged the condylar structure, but also compromised its biomechanic environment. It is preliminarily thought that unbalanced stress distribution, evidently increased stress, and varied stress character are biomechanic mechanisms of @entity2956 . Condylar dislocated @entity174 should be treated promptly and properly to maintain the proper prognostic stress distribution.

title: Stress distribution in the mandible with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular joint disorders', 'TMD', 'TMJ injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['unilateral condylar fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cloud-point extraction (CPE) is attracting increasing interest in a number of analytical fields, including bioanalysis, as it provides a simple, safe and environmentally-friendly sample preparation technique. However, there are only few reports on the application of this extraction technique in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 ) analysis. In this study, CPE was used for the isolation of @entity28590 from @entity1 plasma. To date, only one method of @entity28590 isolation from plasma exists-liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The aim of this study was to prove the compatibility of CPE and LC-ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 and the applicability of CPE to the determination of @entity28590 in spiked @entity1 plasma and clinical samples. @entity28590 was isolated from @entity1 plasma using @entity10385 as a surfactant. @entity14411 was used as an internal standard. @entity6674 concentration, temperature and @entity10385 concentration were optimized. The absolute matrix effect was carefully investigated. All validation experiments met international acceptance criteria and no significant relative matrix effect was observed. The compatibility of CPE and LC-ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 was confirmed using clinical plasma samples. The determination of @entity28590 concentration in @entity1 plasma in the range 10-2500ngmL(-1) by the CPE method led to results which are equivalent to those obtained by the widely used liquid-liquid extraction method.

title: Cloud-point extraction is compatible with liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of @entity28590 in XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity28590 :: ('MESH:D000865', 'Chemical') :: ['antazoline', 'Antazoline']

entities_list: @entity14411 :: ('MESH:C009695', 'Chemical') :: ['Xylometazoline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity7871 may represent an external sign of masticatory or lateral pharyngeal abscess that in rare cases is the consequence of pathogen action by micro-organisms introduced in deep tissues after inferior @entity616 . The case presented shows a buccal-masseteric @entity733 following restorative procedure involving @entity133 on the same side. A 49-year-old @entity1 was referred to the Dental Clinic (University of Trieste) complaining of a progressive @entity3250 since one week associated to a hemifacial @entity4 in the right parotid region. The symptoms initially started one week before. Infection developed after restorative procedures performed 10 days before on the same side. Based on clinical signs and cultural exam findings, a buccal-masseteric @entity733 was found and magnetic resonance (MR) was performed to assess its localization and extension. Initial pharmacological therapy with @entity3400 / @entity7120 administered intravenously, was replaced by appropriate antimycotic therapy on the basis of sensitivity test to antibiotics. Infection resolution was obtained but complete absence of @entity7439 occurred after 5 months only. Introduction of micro-organisms during anesthetic @entity616 is a documented source of @entity281 and may occur after dental procedure involving @entity133 . Complete medical history, cultural exam with sensitivity test to antibiotics and RM or computed tomography (CT) images, are necessary to perform an adequate treatment plan and to administer a correct therapy. Presence of trismus, accompanied by @entity158 or @entity4 after dental procedure or during @entity281 has to be carefully considered by clinician to diagnose as soon as possible a @entity281 and to avoid serious or life-threatening complications.

title: Buccal-masseteric XXXX as a consequence of dental procedures.

entities_list: @entity3250 :: ('MESH:D006013', 'Disease') :: ['inability to open her mouth']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dental or perioral infections', 'infection', 'deep spaces infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic abscess']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar block']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['mycotic abscess']


abstract: The report presents data on conservative treatment of @entity5641 induced by metastases from @entity5 of different localization by @entity7290 . After the @entity1143 was drained dry in 24 @entity1 , @entity7290 45 mg was introduced into it. The latter procedure was repeated in 6 cases because profuse exudation continued. The results were evaluated by clinical and roentgenological means. @entity7290 treatment was painless. Mean drainage duration was 3.8 days, admission time--6.2 days. Stable remission was recorded in 16 @entity1 , partial--7. @entity55 (1) were observed as complications. @entity7290 -induced pleurodesis correlated with exudate pH: a pH value in excess of 7.3 made a @entity1 good candidate for carrying out the procedure. According to Karnofsky index for long-term results, life quality of the @entity1 improved. Eleven @entity1 survived for 1 year after pleurodesis, and 2--more than two years.

title: [Treatment of metastatic @entity1143 with intrapleural administration of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia (2) and chronic empyema']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity7290 :: ('MESH:C025703', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycetin', 'Bleomycetin']

answer: @entity7290 :: (MESH:C025703,Chemical) :: ['bleomycetin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcome of @entity1 undergoing the @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) procedure for @entity548 esophageal varices and to outline the factors affecting outcome. DESIGN: Uncontrolled, nonrandomized, retrospective study. SETTING: A 320-bed university-associated urban emergency adult hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-three @entity1 undergoing @entity5273 procedures for @entity548 esophageal varices with at least 18 months of follow-up. Five @entity1 (15%) had @entity1 class B disease and 28 (85%) had @entity1 class C disease. The mean transfusion requirements were 12.6 U of red blood cells, 18 U of fresh-frozen plasma, and 7 U of platelets. The mean portosystemic gradients before and after the initial @entity5273 procedure were 18 and 7 mm Hg, respectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence, time and causes of @entity204 , and recurrent @entity548 were correlated with various clinical and laboratory factors. RESULTS: By 18 months after the @entity5273 procedure, 16 @entity1 (48%) died of rebleeding or @entity1578 . Subsequent upper gastrointestinal tract @entity548 occurred in 14 @entity1 (42%). Of 8 in whom occlusion or @entity850 of the @entity5273 was promptly corrected, all 8 survived. Of 6 in whom occlusion or @entity850 of the @entity5273 was not corrected, 5 (83%) died. Laboratory values (mean +/- SD) predictive of @entity204 before 18 months (compared with those of @entity1 alive at 18 months) included a low initial serum @entity2313 level (22 +/- 4 vs 29 +/- 5 g/L; P < .001); an increased initial total @entity648 level (68 +/- 75 vs 34 +/- 20 mumol/L [4.0 +/- 4.4 vs 2.0 +/- 1.2 mg/dL]; P = .001), and an elevated prothrombin time after attempts at correction (18.0 +/- 3.4 vs 14.6 +/- 1.2 seconds; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5273 procedure in @entity1 with @entity1 class C alcoholic @entity82 was associated with a high incidence of @entity204 or rebleeding within 18 months. Prompt correction of @entity5273 in @entity1 with rebleeding increased survival. The @entity2313 , @entity648 , and prothrombin time values obtained before performance of the @entity5273 procedure were predictive of outcome.

title: Prognostic factors with the use of the @entity5273 for XXXX varices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS abnormalities', 'TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of antireflux surgery in the treatment of @entity354 -induced @entity14696 (GEROD). DESIGN: A retrospective medical record analysis was performed. @entity1 demographics, @entity14696 secondary to @entity354 ( @entity354 ), method of @entity354 diagnosis, medical treatment used before antireflux surgery, and response to surgical intervention were considered. SETTING: Tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : Among patients undergoing antireflux surgery between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1999, @entity1 with GEROD were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 with GEROD who failed medical therapy underwent antireflux surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The demographics of patients requiring antireflux surgery for treatment of their @entity14696 and their clinical response to surgery were reviewed. RESULTS: Fourteen (17%) of 82 @entity1 , ranging in age from 48 days to 3 years (mean age, 9.7 months), who underwent antireflux surgery for @entity354 at our institution between 1996 and 1999 were diagnosed as having GEROD. Twelve (86%) of the 14 @entity1 were found to have upper @entity1030 , including @entity4 , fixed @entity5142 , reflex @entity386 , and recurrent croup. Two @entity1 (14%) had severe chronic @entity1244 and @entity2346 media. Nine (64%) of the 14 had normal neurologic function for their age vs 5 (36%) who had @entity16 . After antireflux surgery, all 14 @entity1 with GEROD had complete resolution of clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity354 has an important role in the cause of @entity14696 . Although medical management should remain the mainstay of @entity354 therapy, antireflux surgery provided definitive and successful treatment of potentially life-threatening manifestations of GEROD.

title: @entity354 and XXXX : the role of antireflux surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['otolaryngologic disease', 'numerous otolaryngologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER', 'Gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

answer: @entity14696 :: (MESH:D010038,Disease) :: ['pediatric otolaryngologic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is an independent @entity65 factor for the mother, and recent studies reveal that offspring of affected pregnancies also may have an increased @entity65 . Our objective was to examine evidence for increased @entity65 factors in @entity1 exposed to @entity1468 in utero. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies reporting traditional @entity65 factors in those exposed to @entity1468 compared to controls. Information was extracted on the classic @entity65 factors, including blood pressure, lipid profile, @entity413 metabolism, and BMI from articles published between 1948 and August 2011 in Medline and Embase. RESULTS: Eighteen studies provided cumulated data on 45,249 individuals. In utero exposure to @entity1468 was associated with a 2.39 mm   Hg (95% confidence interval: 1.74-3.05; P < .0001) higher systolic and a 1.35 mm   Hg (95% confidence interval: 0.90-1.80; P < .00001) higher diastolic blood pressure during childhood and young adulthood. BMI was increased by 0.62 kg/m2 (P < .00001). Associations were similar in @entity1 and adolescents, for different genders, and with variation in birth weight. There was insufficient evidence to identify consistent variation in lipid profile or @entity413 metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Young offspring of pregnancies complicated by @entity1468 already have increased blood pressure and BMI, a finding that may need to be considered in future primary prevention strategies for @entity65 .

title: Cardiovascular risk factors in XXXX and young adults born to preeclamptic pregnancies: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Commercial fisheries of lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus have been carried out in Iceland for centuries. Traditionally the most valuable part is the eggs which are harvested for use as a caviar substitute.Previously reported parasitic @entity281 from lumpfish include an undescribed intranuclear microsporidian associated with abnormal kidneys and mortalities in captive lumpfish in Canada. During Icelandic lumpfish fisheries in spring 2011, extensive @entity8 were observed in some fish during processing. The aim of this study was to identify the pathogen responsible for these abnormalities. METHODS: Lumpfish from the Icelandic coast were examined for the causative @entity8 . Fish were dissected and used in histological and molecular studies. RESULTS: Lumpfish, with various grades of clinical signs, were observed at 12 of the 43 sites sampled around Iceland. From a total of 77 fish examined, 18 had clear clinical signs, the most prominent of which was an extensive @entity8 . The histopathology of the most severely affected fish consisted of extensive @entity5720 and vacuolar degeneration of the haematopoietic tissue. Intranuclear microsporidians were detected in all organs examined in fish with prominent clinical signs and most organs of apparently healthy fish using the new PCR and histological examination. One or multiple uniformly oval shaped spores measuring 3.12        0.15       1.30        0.12  m were observed in the nucleus of affected lymphocytes and lymphocyte precursor cells. DNA sequencing provided a ribosomal DNA sequence that was strongly supported in phylogenetic analyses in a clade containing other microsporidian parasites from the Enterocytozoonidae, showing highest similarity to the intranuclear microsporidian Nucleospora salmonis. CONCLUSIONS: Intranuclear microsporidian @entity281 are common in wild caught lumpfish from around the Icelandic coast. Infections can cause severe clinical signs and extensive histopathological changes, but are also present, at lower levels, in fish that do not show clinical signs. Some common features exist with the intranuclear microsporidian previously reported from captive Canadian lumpfish, but DNA sequence data is required from Canadian fish to confirm conspecificity.Based on phylogenetic analysis and the intranuclear location of the parasite, the name Nucleospora cyclopteri @entity8891 . is proposed.

title: Nucleospora cyclopteri XXXX ., an intranuclear microsporidian infecting wild lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus L., in Icelandic waters.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['enlargements to the kidneys', 'agent of kidney enlargement', 'enlargement and pallor of the kidneys']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration and necrosis of kidney tubules']

answer: @entity8891 :: (42353,Species) :: ['n. sp']


abstract: @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) administered daily with @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for six weeks, followed by adjuvant @entity2904 for six months, has become standard therapy for @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ). After several newly diagnosed @entity1 at our institution developed severe (grade 3-4), prolonged @entity882 , we conducted a retrospective review to define the incidence, depth, and duration of @entity882 associated with this therapy. We reviewed the medical records and laboratory data of all adult @entity1 with newly diagnosed high-grade @entity11 who started treatment with this regimen between June 2004, when the regimen was first used at our institution, and August 2005. Of the 52 @entity1 who met the criteria for this review, grade 3-4 @entity882 occurred in 10 (19%; 95% CI, 10%-33%). In eight @entity1 , the @entity882 was attributable to concurrent daily @entity2904 and @entity1161 . The median duration of grade 3-4 @entity882 was 32 days (range, 1-389 days). Five @entity1 (10%) required platelet transfusions, two (4%) have required continued biweekly platelet transfusions for over six months, and nine (17%) discontinued therapy because of @entity882 . Grade 3-4 @entity882 occurred in 25% of @entity1 and 14% of @entity1 . Grade 3-4 @entity1398 and @entity417 were noted in 10% and 8% of @entity1 , respectively, and were not clinically significant. Between 15% and 20% of our newly diagnosed @entity1 receiving @entity2904 and @entity1161 developed severe (grade 3-4) and potentially irreversible @entity882 . The factors that predispose @entity1 to this @entity137 have yet to be determined. This @entity137 should be considered when (1) prescribing this regimen to @entity1 populations where a clinical benefit has yet to be shown, (2) contemplating empirical escalations of the dose or duration of @entity2904 , or (3) combining it with other potentially myelosuppressive therapies.

title: The impact of XXXX from @entity2903 and radiation in newly diagnosed adults with high-grade @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower @entity1729 (LRTIs) are a major disease burden and are often treated with antibiotics. Typically, studies evaluating the use of antibiotics focus on immediate costs of care, and do not account for the wider implications of antimicrobial resistance. AIM: This study sought to establish whether antibiotics (principally @entity115 ) are cost effective in @entity1 with LRTIs, and to explore the implications of taking into account costs associated with resistance. DESIGN AND SETTING: Multinational randomised double-blinded trial in 2060 @entity1 with acute cough/LRTIs recruited in 12 European countries. METHOD: A cost-utility analysis from a health system perspective with a time horizon of 28 days was conducted. The primary outcome measure was the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Hierarchical modelling was used to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS: @entity115 was associated with an ICER of    8216 (  6540) per QALY gained when the cost of resistance was excluded. If the cost of resistance is greater than    11 (  9) per @entity1 , then @entity115 treatment is no longer cost effective. Including possible estimates of the cost of resistance resulted in ICERs ranging from    14 730 (  11 949) per QALY gained - when only multidrug resistance costs and health care costs are included - to    727 135 (  589 856) per QALY gained when broader societal costs are also included. CONCLUSION: Economic evaluation of antibiotic prescribing strategies that do not include the cost of resistance may provide misleading results that could be of questionable use to policymakers. However, further work is required to estimate robust costs of resistance.

title: Cost effectiveness of @entity115 for lower XXXX in primary care: an economic evaluation accounting for the cost of antimicrobial resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin', 'amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: @entity1919 regulates multiple neuronal functions, including neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration. @entity44467 , @entity44468 , and @entity44469 make up a family of constitutively active G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that share greater than 50% identity and 65% similarity at the @entity535 level. They are highly expressed in the central nervous system, and their expression in various cell lines results in constitutive stimulation of @entity268 production. When the constitutively active GPCRs were overexpressed in @entity35 cerebellar granule neurons in culture, the transfected neurons exhibited significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth and overcame growth inhibition caused by @entity30203 . @entity44469 -mediated neurite outgrowth was the most prominent and was shown to depend on G(s) and @entity268 -dependent protein kinase. Moreover, the @entity44469 -mediated rescue from @entity30203 inhibition was attributable to @entity268 -dependent protein kinase-mediated inhibition of the small GTPase, @entity20757 . Among the three receptors, @entity44467 was revealed to be enriched in the developing @entity35 cerebellar granule neurons. When the endogenous @entity44467 was knocked down, significant @entity851 was observed, which was reversed by expression of either @entity44467 or @entity44469 . Taken together, our results indicate that expression of the constitutively active GPCRs up-regulates @entity268 production in neurons, stimulates neurite outgrowth, and counteracts myelin inhibition. Further characterization of the GPCRs in developing and injured @entity1 neurons should provide insights into how basal @entity268 levels are regulated in neurons and could establish a firm scientific foundation for applying receptor biology to treatment of various @entity16 .

title: Neural expression of G protein-coupled receptors @entity44467 , XXXX , and @entity44469 up-regulates @entity1919 levels and promotes neurite outgrowth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of neurite growth']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity30203 :: ('29409(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin-associated glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity44468 :: (83683(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GPR6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( @entity12468 ) using GreenLight and Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is an important surgical technique for management of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of @entity12468 using a 120 W GreenLight laser with HoLEP in a small prostate volume. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent @entity12468 or HoLEP surgery for @entity1067 at our institutions were reviewed from May 2009 to December 2014 in this retrospective study. Among them, @entity1 with prostate volumes < 40 mL based on preoperative trans-rectal ultrasonography were included in this study. Peri-operative and post-operative parameters-such as International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR), and complications-were compared between the groups. RESULTS: @entity12468 was performed in 176 @entity1 and HoLEP in162 @entity1 . Preoperative demographic data were similar in both groups, with the exception of PVR. Operative time and catheter duration did not show significant difference. Significant improvements compared to preoperative values were verified at the postoperative evaluation in both groups in terms of IPSS, QoL, Qmax, and PVR. Comparison of the postoperative parameters between the @entity12468 and HoLEP groups demonstrated no significant difference, with the exception of IPSS voiding subscore at 1 month postoperatively (5.9 vs. 3.8, P< 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity12468 and HoLEP are efficient and safe surgical treatment options for @entity1 with small prostate volume.

title: Comparison of Photoselective Vaporization versus Holmium Laser Enucleation for Treatment of XXXX in a Small Prostate Volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['Benign Prostate Hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few data on xenon computed tomography-based quantitative @entity450 ( @entity450 ) in spontaneous @entity1779 have been reported. We correlated perihematomal @entity450 in a retrospective series of 42 subacute spontaneous @entity1779 @entity1 undergoing xenon computed tomography with in-hospital discharge status and mortality. METHODS: We calculated 3 area-weighted mean @entity450 values: (1) within the computed tomography-visible rim of perihematomal @entity4 , (2) within a 1-cm marginal radius around the @entity1410 , and (3) all cortical regions of interest immediately adjacent to the @entity1410 . Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and discharge status (ordinally as 0=home, 1=acute rehabilitation, 2=nursing home, 3=death). Discharge status was used as a surrogate for in-hospital functional outcome. RESULTS: Median @entity1410 volume was 14.4 cm(3) (range, 2 to 70). Median perihematomal (low-attenuation rim) @entity450 was 21.9 cm(3).100 g(-1).min(-1) (range, 6.1 to 81.1), and the median 1-cm marginal radius @entity450 was 26.8 cm(3).100 g(-1).min(-1) (range, 10.8 to 72.8). The median regional cortical @entity450 was 26.7 cm(3).100 g(-1).min(-1) (range, 6.9 to 72.6). Eight @entity1 had 1-cm marginal radius or regional cortical @entity450 values <20 cm(3).100 g(-1).min(-1). @entity1410 volume (odds ratio [OR], 1.68 per 10-cm(3) volume; P=0.036) and @entity548 (OR, 1.88 per grade of @entity548 ; P=0.036) predicted mortality. Two @entity450 measures, @entity1276 , and IVH predicted poor in-hospital functional outcome in bivariate analysis. Each @entity450 measure (OR, 0.34 to 0.43; P<0.001 to 0.003) and @entity548 (OR, 3.42; P<0.001) predicted in-hospital functional outcome in multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Most spontaneous @entity1779 @entity1 lack perihematomal penumbra. Perihematomal @entity450 independently predicts in-hospital discharge status but not in-hospital mortality. Further studies are warranted to determine whether perihematomal @entity450 predicts long-term functional outcomes.

title: Quantitative perihematomal blood flow in spontaneous XXXX predicts in-hospital functional outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral blood flow', 'CBF']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) is a well-established entity in @entity788 and a precursor of infiltrating @entity420 . Fascin, an actin-bundling protein involved in cellular motility, is upregulated in many @entity1 @entity5 . Its overexpression in @entity788 , a pre-cancerous lesion sharing many characteristics with @entity4929 , has been reported. However, fascin expression in @entity4929 remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate fascin expression in IPMNs and to elucidate its relationship to clinicopathological features, including histological grade and phenotypic subclassification. We evaluated fascin expression by immunohistochemistry in 116 surgical specimens, followed by quantitative analysis of fascin mRNA expression using a laser microdissection system and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in eight frozen samples. Fascin expression was significantly higher in borderline @entity5 (25/29, 86%) and @entity189 (37/42, 88%) than in @entity652 (23/45, 51%) (P<0.05, respectively), but no difference was observed between borderline @entity5 and @entity189 . With regard to the subclassification, @entity4056 (35/39, 90%) were more frequently positive for fascin than @entity356 (36/59, 61%) (P<0.05). Two @entity5 were both fascin-negative. Fascin mRNA expression seemed to be higher in moderately to severely @entity6349 epithelium than in mildly @entity6349 epithelium (not statistically significant), supporting the immunohistochemical experiments. Our findings suggest that fascin overexpression is involved in the progression of @entity4929 . Fascin could become a new therapeutic target for inhibition of their progression.

title: Fascin overexpression in intraductal papillary mucinous @entity5 ( @entity652 , borderline XXXX , and @entity189 ) of the pancreas, correlated with increased histological grade.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'pancreatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'oncocytic-type neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal-type neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric-type neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that limb @entity63 postconditioning protects the myocardium from reperfusion injury, and examine the mechanism involved. DESIGN: Forty @entity95 were randomly divided into four groups: Control, Ischemic Preconditioning, Ischemic Postconditioning and Remote Postconditioning. @entity583 size and tissue myeloperoxidase activity were determined at the end of the experiment. Plasma @entity908 kinase and @entity1234 activity were measured at baseline, the end of @entity63 , and after 3 h of reperfusion respectively. RESULTS: @entity583 size was significantly reduced in Ischemic Preconditioning, Ischemic Postconditioning and Remote Postconditioning as compared to Control (p < 0.01). Results were confirmed by plasma @entity908 kinase activity. Plasma @entity1234 was significantly less at 3 h of reperfusion in Ischemic Preconditioning, Ischemic Postconditioning and Remote Postconditioning than that in Control (p < 0.01). Neutrophil accumulation (myeloperoxidase activity) in the area at risk was less in Ischemic Preconditioning, Ischemic Postconditioning and Remote Postconditioning than that in Control (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Remote postconditioning reduces @entity583 in @entity95 . The mechanism involved might be reduced @entity26 radical-induced injury and improved antioxidant action.

title: Limb @entity63 postconditioning protects myocardium from XXXX -reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Phase II studies were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the interferon inducer Poly ICLC at low doses in advanced @entity703 and relapsed or @entity706 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with advanced @entity703 and eleven @entity1 with @entity706 were treated with poly ICLC. @entity1 received 0.25 mg/m2 of poly ICLC intravenously twice weekly three days apart until progression or unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: There were no objective responses. Six @entity1 with @entity703 had stable disease as best response with one @entity1 receiving 62 weeks of therapy. @entity137 included grade 3 @entity417 in 8 @entity1 and grade 4 @entity417 in one @entity1 . All @entity1 were anemic prior to entry with a median grade 2 @entity417 at baseline. Grade 4 @entity1398 , @entity882 and @entity158 occurred in one @entity1 each. Grade 3 @entity221 , chills or @entity1295 occurred in four, three, and three @entity1 respectively. Any grade @entity221 occurred in 10 @entity1 (25.6%) and any grade chills occurred in 9 @entity1 (23.1%). CONCLUSION: Poly ICLC at this dose and schedule is well tolerated in both @entity1 populations and is inactive in @entity703 .

title: @entity137 and response evaluation of the interferon inducer poly ICLC administered at low dose in advanced @entity703 and relapsed or XXXX : a report of two clinical trials of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['refractory lymphoma', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['injection site pain']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['refractory lymphoma']


abstract: 1. Pieces of @entity1573 mid-jejunum have been used to determine microvillus length in enterocytes located at different points along the crypt-villus axis to determine the positional dependence of microvillus elongation. 2. The rate at which enterocytes migrate along the crypt-villus axis has also been measured, by injecting tritiated @entity1014 into the same animals, to determine the time course of microvillus elongation. 3. In mammals it had been shown previously that the maximal rate of microvillus elongation correlated closely with the physical size of the intestinal crypt (Smith et al., 1984). Comparison of crypt size with maximal rate of microvillus growth in @entity1573 showed this correlation to apply to both animal classes. 4. The maximal microvillus length of a @entity1573 enterocyte was much longer (3.3 microns) and the rate of enterocyte migration much less (4.0 microns/hr) than values reported previously for @entity1 intestines. 5. The possibility that some other factor in addition to crypt size is affecting microvillus growth is discussed.

title: Comparative aspects of microvillus development in avian and XXXX enterocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'chickens']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a series of cases in which deliberate occlusion of the left Subclavian Artery (SA) caused the @entity3526 ( @entity3526 ). METHODS: Between January 2001 and August 2006, we performed 81 endovascular repairs of the Thoracic Aorta. 21 @entity1 required left SA occlusion for an adequate proximal landing zone. 17 of these @entity1 were treated by deliberate SA occlusion. Four @entity1 (23.5%) developed a @entity3526 , of which three were treated by a secondary Subclavian-to-carotid transposition, with complete remission of the @entity3526 . RESULTS: The subclavian-to-carotid transposition was successful in the treatment of the 3 @entity1 selected. One @entity1 refused to be operated, and had only partial remission of the @entity3526 symptoms. Mean follow-up was 28 months (range 2-48). CONCLUSION: In this series deliberate occlusion of the SA led to @entity3526 in a significant number of @entity1 . Consideration should be given to primary subclavian transposition in some @entity1 requiring @entity432 .

title: Deliberate subclavian XXXX during aortic endovascular repair: is it really that safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['SSS', 'Subclavian Steal Syndrome']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity508 , @entity1109 , and type of walking aid on falls in community dwellers with @entity64 . METHODS: Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Instrument, @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ), the Rivermead motor assessment scale (RMA), Ashworth Scale, Tinetti Assessment Tool were used to assess 100 cases. RESULTS: Fifty-three of the cases were grouped as nonfallers, 36 as one-time fallers and 11 as repeat fallers. These 3 groups were found to be different from each other in respect to FIM, Tinetti test and RMA (p < 0.001). In respect to knee @entity3325 , nonfallers and one-time faller groups were found to be different from repeat fallers (p = 0.001). There is a difference among the groups in respect to Ashworth assessment (p < 0.001), use of walking aid (p = 0.01) and type of walking aid (p = 0.01). Some 43% of the cases use a walking aid (58.1% cane, 41.9% high cane). According to Ordinal logistic regression analysis, it was found that the possibility of fall increased (p < 0.01), as the value of @entity508 increased while the possibility of the fall of the individuals with @entity64 decreased (p < 0.00 - 0.01) as Tinetti, RMA and FIM variables increased. CONCLUSIONS: In respect to falls, @entity508 is also an indicator for @entity64 @entity1 , as is motor impairment, functional situation, impairment of balance and walking. @entity1109 , using a walking aid and the type were found to be ineffective.

title: The effect of @entity508 , sense and walking aids in falls of @entity1 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['JPS', 'Joint Position Sense Evaluation']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensory impairment', 'Sensory impairment']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity417 , a common complication of @entity740 , usually develops as a consequence of @entity1307 deficiency. Recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 alfa) is indicated for the correction of @entity417 associated with this condition. However, the optimal level of hemoglobin correction is not defined. METHODS: In this open-label trial, we studied 1432 @entity1 with @entity740 , 715 of whom were randomly assigned to receive a dose of @entity1307 alfa targeted to achieve a hemoglobin level of 13.5 g per deciliter and 717 of whom were assigned to receive a dose targeted to achieve a level of 11.3 g per deciliter. The median study duration was 16 months. The primary end point was a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , hospitalization for @entity712 (without renal replacement therapy), and @entity64 . RESULTS: A total of 222 composite events occurred: 125 events in the high-hemoglobin group, as compared with 97 events in the low-hemoglobin group (hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.74; P=0.03). There were 65 deaths (29.3%), 101 hospitalizations for @entity712 (45.5%), 25 @entity583 (11.3%), and 23 @entity64 (10.4%). Seven @entity1 (3.2%) were hospitalized for @entity712 and @entity583 combined, and one @entity1 (0.5%) died after having a @entity64 . Improvements in the quality of life were similar in the two groups. More @entity1 in the high-hemoglobin group had at least one serious adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a target hemoglobin level of 13.5 g per deciliter (as compared with 11.3 g per deciliter) was associated with increased risk and no incremental improvement in the quality of life. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00211120 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

title: Correction of @entity417 with XXXX alfa in @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'epoetin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['epoetin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cesarean section is one of the most common operations. The new technologies of postoperative @entity158 treatment such as @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 , are expensive and may limit @entity1 caring for their newborns shortly after delivery. The present study assessed @entity1 satisfaction with oral @entity1337 following cesarean section. STUDY DESIGN: An open prospective study was conducted on all @entity1 who had a cesarean section with epidural @entity1337 , during two consecutive periods of 3 months each. In the first group of 109 @entity1 , an oral solution of 1 g @entity10964 was allowed every 4 h, upon @entity1 request. @entity1 requesting additional @entity1337 were administered a tablet of 30 mg immediate-release @entity1286 . In the second group of 90 @entity1 , the same protocol was used; however, oral @entity1286 was the drug of choice and @entity10964 was used for rescue @entity1337 . @entity158 intensity and satisfaction were self-evaluated by @entity1 using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: The results of each study period were independently evaluated. The demographic and obstetrical variables were similar in both groups. The duration of analgesic effect of @entity10964 was 6.5 h and the satisfaction score was 90. The duration of analgesic effect of oral @entity1286 was 5.05 h and the satisfaction score was 83.7. Overall, @entity1 in both groups requested only 25% of the permissible dosage of @entity1337 . CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity1337 following cesarean section provides satisfactory @entity158 relief, is easily administered, and is a substantially less costly alternative to the new @entity158 treatment technologies currently in use.

title: Oral XXXX in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2008, the Health Authority in Abu Dhabi (the capital of the United Arab Emirates) introduced HPV vaccine free of charge for high school @entity1 entering grade 11, becoming the first state in the Middle East to do so. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of school nurses in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi about @entity281 and the vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative study was designed and conducted from June to August 2012 in Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Data were collected through direct face to face interviews. from one hundred and twenty five nurses. RESULTS: Knowledge of @entity281 and HPV vaccine was almost universal among the school nurses (97%). The majority of the @entity1 (71%) thought that the HPV vaccine was good. Cultural unacceptability (45%) and lack of @entity1 's concern about their own health (21%) were rated as the top barriers for the successful introduction of the vaccine in the UAE. More than half of the sampled nurses (58%) have either given this vaccine to school @entity1 or taken it themselves. The majority (95%) did not come across any side effects from the vaccine. The level of qualification and the place of work did not significantly affect the correct knowledge of @entity281 or @entity5 prevention methods. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and attitude of the sampled school nurses in Abu Dhabi State about @entity281 and vaccine is very good in both the public and private sectors. However, a knowledge gap in @entity5 screening methods was identified.

title: Knowledge, attitude and practice of school nurses in the United Arab Emirates about XXXX and vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['HPV infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2816 ( @entity44271 ), a synthetic sedative drug, has anti-angiogenic properties due to inhibition of growth-factor mediated neovascularisation and has been shown to inhibit @entity5 growth in experimental solid @entity5 models. AIM: To assess response of recurrent @entity11 to @entity2816 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 were enrolled to an open, non-randomised phase II trial between October 1997 and December 1999. All @entity1 had failed following treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy with @entity1485 and/or @entity2903 regimens. Eleven @entity1 had high-grade @entity11 de novo and 7 high-grade @entity11 following transformation of low-grade @entity11 . @entity2816 was prescribed at 100 mg/day p.o. continuously. Response was assessed at 4-weekly intervals. Disease progression was defined as @entity16 and/or radiological evidence of increased @entity5 size. Treatment was discontinued at the time of disease progression, or if @entity137 occurred, or at @entity1 ' request. RESULTS: @entity2816 was prescribed for a median of 42 days (range 7-244). Treatment was discontinued due to @entity137 ( @entity1897 ) in 1 @entity1 . Six @entity1 died before response could be fully assessed and are classified as non-responders. Of 12 who continued treatment for more than 4 weeks, 1 @entity1 had clinical and radiological response (PR), 2 @entity1 had stable disease for 2 and 4 months respectively and 9 @entity1 had disease progression. The median survival from the start of @entity2816 was 2.5 months. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of @entity2816 in terms of response in recurrent @entity11 is low, with a partial response rate of only 6%. Future studies should investigate @entity2816 in combination with other agents and at an earlier stage of disease. Methods to assess anti-angiogenic properties such as changes in @entity5 vasculature could be employed as initial surrogate end-points in the investigation of efficacy.

title: @entity2816 as an anti-angiogenic agent in relapsed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity44271 :: ('CHEBI:9513', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-phthalimidoglutarimide']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: AIM: Because of doubts in early clinical assessment and full documentation of all various cases of @entity5144 outside of rheumatologic centres a clinical study in a dermatologic department of a rehabilitation clinic was performed. METHODS: 148 @entity1 between 1996 and 1999 were interviewed and examined clinically. 27 (18.2%) of them had osseous joint processes proved by X-ray (severe cases). 90 (60.8%) @entity1 had no radiologic changes but a positive history of joint @entity158 (mild cases). 31 (21%) @entity1 had none of the problems (Control group). Blood specimens were taken in order to reveal @entity32 (ESR, @entity1851 , RF, ASL, @entity414 , and leucocytes). Exclusion criteria were other arthritides, multiple @entity571 and @entity174 . The groups were compared together. RESULTS: Whereas @entity2720 did not turn out as a reliable specific sign, pressure @entity158 on @entity2720 , impingement signs of the shoulders, @entity85 of the hand were usable tools in diagnosing a severe @entity5144 in this study. The ESR, ASL, @entity1851 , and @entity414 were elevated significantly more often in severe than in mild cases. Moreover, the time period between the first onset of @entity272 and joint @entity158 was shorter in severe cases than in mild cases (9.86 vs 13.8 years). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic relevance of criteria, for example of the well-known @entity5145 Group (ESSG), may be improved by new early screening criteria.

title: [Early clinical screening in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammations']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['consolidated fractures of joints']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular joints and MTP joints', 'palpable joint crepitations']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities of toes and flexor tendon swellings']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['European Spondylarthropathy']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No matter the reconstructive technique, the fundamental concepts in visceral reconstruction have as main grounds the mandatory vascular support for the graft replacement. Individual vascular particularities can influence or even oblige the surgeon to choose a certain procedure. This is why the vascularization is beyond doubt the dominant factor in mobilizing the colon for reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Our arteriographic study entails an investigation upon the vascularization pattern of the two main sources that participate in the arterial irrigation of the colon via the emerging vessels: @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). We did not consider certain @entity1 upon a specific criterion; also, we did not exclude any @entity1 due to various reasons. We took into account 49 @entity1 as study group, all of them having registered into the clinic for a reconstructive technique, throughout the years from 2000 to 2010. From 1981 to 2012 there have been 187 reconstructive techniques performed due to post caustic pathology. From a total of 49 @entity1 , 11 had suffered major abdominal surgeries, 5 of which had had unsuccessful reconstructive attempts. RESULTS: Out of the 49 @entity1 on whom we have performed the exploration, arteriography showed a favorable situation for reconstruction in 31 of them. In the other 18 @entity1 anomalies or atypical distributions were identified, in 5 of the @entity6029 and in 13 of the IMA, respectively. Operative decision was modified in 22 @entity1 . One important thing to note from the point of view of the segment to be moved: we had no graft @entity39 in @entity1 with preoperative arteriographic examination. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the need for good mobilization, arterial ligations should be adjusted and modified depending on the particular vascular distribution, to maintain a sufficient blood flow in the marginal artery, in order to reach the colic sections and the straight arteries near them.

title: The vascularization pattern of the colon and surgical decision in esophageal reconstruction with colon. A selective XXXX and IMA arteriographic study.

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity6029 :: (MESH:D013478,Disease) :: ['SMA']


abstract: There is a bundle of proofs suggesting that some industrial nanoparticles (NPs) can provoke diseases and pollute the environment durably. However, these issues still remain controversial. In the biomedical field, @entity3759 NPs were recently proposed to serve as fillers in polymeric materials to improve bone prostheses and scaffolds. Submicrometer @entity3759 particles could also result from wear debris of prostheses. Thus, it appears to be of the highest importance to elucidate the effects of well-characterized @entity3759 NPs on the behaviour of osteoblasts. In this work, we have measured the @entity137 of anatase @entity3759 NPs with two different cell types, on L929 fibroblasts and for the first time on MC-3T3 pre-osteoblasts, with the aim to determine the level of cellular @entity137 and @entity32 . Our results clearly show that these NPs provoke different dose-response effects, with the pre-osteoblasts being much more sensitive than fibroblasts. Furthermore, we observed that anatase @entity3759 NPs had no effect on cell adhesion. By contrast, both cell types had their morphology and LDH release modified in the presence of NPs. Their DNA was also found to be fragmented as analyzed by quantifying the sub-G1 cell population with flow cytometry. By measuring the production of @entity777 and @entity637 proinflammatory cytokines, we have shown that @entity637 was never produced and that MC-3T3 cells were secreting @entity777 . Most importantly, our results highlight the necessity of evaluating the @entity137 of prostheses wear debris, and of NP coatings of medical implants, to determine if they can possibly provoke @entity32 and inhibit bone reconstruction.

title: Preosteoblasts and fibroblasts respond differently to anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a XXXX and @entity32 study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: This review examines the role of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) in @entity308 . Dysfunction of serotonergic neurons has been implicated as one of the causes of @entity308 . Since serotonergic neurons innervate the hypothalamus and these neurons send collaterals to several other brain areas, it is possible that @entity1640 sites which control hormone secretion receive the same serotonergic afferents that innervate other limbic areas in the brain. Several investigators have devised neuroendocrine challenge tests measuring the effect of @entity750 agonists on plasma @entity701 and prolactin in @entity308 @entity1 . These tests help to identify dysfunctional @entity750 neurons, and are a "window into the brain." The secretion of @entity701 and prolactin is increased predominantly by 5-HT1 receptors. However, changes in 5-HT2 receptors have also been implicated in @entity308 . Results from our laboratory and by others suggest that brain serotonergic neurons stimulate @entity916 and vasopressin secretion by activation of 5-HT2 receptors. Therefore, the @entity916 and vasopressin response to @entity750 agonists should be included in neuroendocrine tests of serotonergic function in @entity1316 . Since antidepressants produce a decrease in the density of 5-HT2 receptors, @entity916 and vasopressin could be used to evaluate the antidepressant potential of new drugs.

title: Neuroendocrine aspects of the serotonergic hypothesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'endogenous depression']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the only real chance of cure for @entity189 and esophagogastric junction, although it carries considerable postoperative morbidity and mortality. The longterm prognosis for @entity1 undergoing operation depends largely on the pathologic stage of the disease. The real impact of @entity260 on survival is still under evaluation. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was performed on @entity1 with @entity957 and @entity420 of the thoracic esophagus and esophagogastric junction, undergoing surgical resection between January 1992 and December 2002. For the 522 @entity1 considered for esophagogastroplasty, we analyzed comorbidities, preoperative staging, neoadjuvant treatments, surgical data, histopathology, postoperative surgical or medical complications, and survival. RESULTS: Surgical complications occurred in 85 of 522 @entity1 (16.3%); their survival rate was entirely similar to that of the group of @entity1 without surgical complications (p=0.9). The survival rate was worse for @entity1 with concurrent surgical and medical complications. Analysis of the 99 @entity1 (19%) who had only medical complications postoperatively revealed a survival rate comparable (p=0.9) with that of the 338 @entity1 (63.7%) with an uneventful postoperative course. The median postoperative hospital stay was 14 days for all 522 @entity1 , and 18 days for @entity1 with medical or surgical @entity260 . Multivariate analysis of the predictive factors showed that surgical complications do not affect longterm prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical complications have no negative impact on survival rates, which seem to depend exclusively on the pathologic stage of the @entity5 .

title: Surgical complications do not affect longterm survival after esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus and cardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity26566 ( @entity26566 ) has been widely adopted in an attempt to decrease @entity548 during liver parenchymal transection. As a larger proportion of @entity1 are treated with chemotherapy prior to liver resection, the safety of @entity26566 in @entity1 with chemotherapy-associated @entity99 remains poorly investigated. This study aims to evaluate the influence of @entity26566 on early postoperative outcomes in @entity1 with chemotherapy-associated @entity99 undergoing major hepatectomy for @entity14 ( @entity14 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 2000 to October 2010, 53 @entity1 with histologically proven chemotherapy-associated @entity99 [ @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ; n = 41), @entity1560 (n = 5), and both @entity5501 and @entity1560 (n = 7)] who underwent major hepatectomy for @entity14 were divided into two groups; @entity1 undergoing intermittent @entity3557 (n = 20) and those who did not undergo @entity3557 (n = 33). Perioperative clinicobiological factors, morbidity including septic complications, and mortality were analyzed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Intraoperative blood transfusions and postoperative liver function were comparable between the two groups. @entity295 and biloma occurred more often in @entity1 undergoing @entity26566 longer than 30 min than in those undergoing @entity26566  <= 30 min (66.7 % versus 17.1 %, p = 0.002, and 33.3 versus 0 %, p = 0.002, respectively). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged @entity26566 (>30 min) and the ratio of future liver remnant volume to total liver volume  <= 43 % were independent factors for predicting @entity86 [odds ratio (OR): 32.68; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI): 2.86-372.82; p = 0.005--and odds ratio: 9.70; 95 % CI: 1.04-90.86; p = 0.047, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity26566 can be safely used in @entity1 with chemotherapy-associated @entity99 who require major liver resection. Prolonged @entity26566 can increase the occurrence of postoperative biliary and septic complications.

title: Prolonged portal triad clamping XXXX after major hepatectomy in @entity1 with @entity5501 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity26566 :: ('MESH:D006975', 'Disease') :: ['Portal triad clamping', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative sepsis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'CLM']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['SOS', 'sinusoidal obstruction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['increases postoperative sepsis']


abstract: @entity583 with ST segment elevation (STE) on electrocardiography (ECG) is a common presentation in emergency rooms across the world. @entity296 and @entity39 are infrequently the initial presentation in @entity1 with @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ). A 48-year-old @entity1 presented with STE @entity583 from outside hospital for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. However, her clinical picture was not consistent. Rapid evaluation revealed symptoms associated with @entity2106 , @entity882 , @entity810 with waxing and waning mental status. A diagnosis of @entity2106 was made with low ADAMST-13 activity. Plasmapheresis was initiated along with intravenous @entity134 therapy. The @entity1 had a full recovery and went home after full recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction and normal myocardial perfusion studies. Rapid evaluation is needed to identify infrequent causes of STE @entity583 . As @entity514 protocols are activated in the emergency room and catheterization laboratories to ensure quality control, it is equally important to integrate all aspects of the @entity1 's clinical and objective data to detect unusual disease entities.

title: @entity583 as a presenting feature of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'microangiopathic hemolytic anemia', 'TTP']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: Published data on the effects of essential oils (EO) on in vivo nutrient digestibility in @entity742 are contradictory. In 2 experiments, the effect of @entity4745 and @entity7654 on nutrient digestibility was studied in @entity742 fed with high (70%) or low (52%) concentrate diets, using incomplete Latin Square designs. The essential oils were mixed with the concentrate portion of the diet at the rate of 0.0, 0.3, or 0.6 g per kg @entity62 ( @entity62 ) diet. Supplementation of @entity4745 had no significant effect on digestibility of @entity62 ( @entity62 ), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The main effect of @entity4745 on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ether extract (EE) digestibility and on @entity1568 balance (NB) was significant (P<0.05), but within each level of dietary concentrate no significant differences were observed for these measurements. Overall, ruminal @entity3265 concentration was higher (P<0.05) in both @entity2914 and LCD @entity742 receiving 0.3 mg @entity4745 per kg diet. Supplementation of @entity7654 had no significant effect on nutrient digestibility. The main effect of @entity7654 on ruminal @entity3265 levels and NB was significant, but within each level of dietary concentrate no significant differences were observed in @entity3265 levels and NB. Inclusion of 0.3 g/kg diet @entity62 of @entity7654 or thyme was more effective than 0.6 g/kg diet @entity62 in terms of NB but neither dose affected nutrient digestibility. Future research should determine the long-term effects of essential oils on digestibility and performance in @entity742 , before recommendation can be made for their use under practical husbandry conditions.

title: Effect of @entity4745 and XXXX on nutrient digestibility in rams fed high or low concentrate diets.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['dry matter', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity7654 :: ('MESH:C073316', 'Chemical') :: ['carvacrol']

answer: @entity7654 :: (MESH:C073316,Chemical) :: ['carvacrol']


abstract: Evoked neural activity correlates strongly with rises in cerebral metabolic rate of @entity26 (CMRO(2)) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Activity-dependent rises in CMRO(2) fluctuate with @entity855 turnover due to ion pumping. In vitro studies suggest that increases in cytosolic @entity141 stimulate oxidative metabolism via mitochondrial signaling, but whether this also occurs in the intact brain is unknown. Here we applied a pharmacological approach to dissect the effects of ionic currents and cytosolic @entity141 rises of neuronal origin on activity-dependent rises in CMRO(2). We used two-photon microscopy and current source density analysis to study real-time @entity141 dynamics and transmembrane ionic currents in relation to CMRO(2) in the @entity19 cerebellar cortex in vivo. We report a direct correlation between CMRO(2) and summed (i.e., the sum of excitatory, negative currents during the whole stimulation period) field EPSCs (  -fEPSCs) in Purkinje cells (PCs) in response to stimulation of the climbing fiber (CF) pathway. Blocking stimulus-evoked rises in cytosolic @entity141 in PCs with the P/Q-type channel blocker   -agatoxin-IVA (  -AGA), or the @entity1246 (A) receptor agonist @entity6341 , did not lead to a time-locked reduction in CMRO(2), and excitatory synaptic or action potential currents. During stimulation, neither   -AGA or ( -oxo)-bis-(trans-formatotetramine- @entity3739 ) ( @entity9922 ), a mitochondrial @entity141 uniporter inhibitor, affected the ratio of CMRO(2) to fEPSCs or evoked local field potentials. However, baseline CBF and CMRO(2) decreased gradually with @entity9922 . Our data suggest that in vivo activity-dependent rises in CMRO(2) are correlated with synaptic currents and postsynaptic spiking in PCs. Our study did not reveal a unique role of neuronal cytosolic @entity141 signals in controlling CMRO(2) increases during CF stimulation.

title: Activity-dependent increases in local @entity26 consumption correlate with postsynaptic currents in the XXXX cerebellum in vivo.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Screening for distress is controversial with many advocates and detractors. Previously it was reasonable to assert that there was a lack of evidence but this position is no longer tenable. The question is now: what does the evidence show and, in particular, when is screening successful and when is screening unsuccessful? The aim of this paper is to review the most up-to-date recent findings from randomized and non-randomized trials regarding the merits of screening for distress in @entity5 settings. METHODS: A search was made of the Embase/Medline and Web of knowledge abstract databases from inception to December 2012. Online theses and experts were contacted. Inclusion criteria were interventional (randomized and non-randomized) trials concerning screening for @entity458 and @entity74 . Studies screening for quality of life were included. RESULTS: Twenty-four valid interventional studies of distress/QoL screening were identified, 14 being randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Six of 14 screening RCTs reported benefits on @entity1 well-being and an additional three showed benefits on secondary outcomes such as communication between clinicians and @entity1 . Five randomized screening trials failed to show any benefits. Only two of 10 non-randomized sequential cohort screening studies reported benefits on @entity1 well-being but an additional six showed secondary benefits on quality of care (such as receipt of psychosocial referral). Two non-randomized screening trials failed to show benefits. Of 24 studies, there were 17 that reported some significant benefits of screening on primary or secondary outcomes, six that reported no effect and one that reported a non-significantly deleterious effect upon communication. Across all studies, barriers to screening success were significant. The most significant barrier was receipt of appropriate aftercare. The proportion of @entity5 @entity1 who received psychosocial care after a positive distress screen was only one in three. Screening was more effective when it was linked with mandatory intervention or referral. CONCLUSIONS: Screening for distress/QoL is likely to benefit communication and referral for psychosocial help. Screening for distress has the potential to influence @entity1 well-being but only if barriers are addressed. Quality of care barriers often act as a rate limiting step. Key barriers are lack of training and support, low acceptability and failure to link treatment to the screening results.

title: Screening for XXXX : when is implementation successful and when is it unsuccessful?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-related distress']


abstract: Purpose. To determine the intraexaminer repeatability and interexaminer reproducibility of @entity937 ( @entity937 ) and noninvasive Keratograph tear breakup time (NIKBUT) measurements obtained with the Keratograph 5M ( @entity41061 ) in a sample of healthy and @entity936 . Methods. Forty-two @entity1 with @entity2194 (DED group) and 42 healthy subjects (healthy group) were recruited in this prospective study. In all subjects, each eye received 3 consecutive measurements using the K5M for the @entity937 and NIKBUTs (NIKBUT-first and NIKBUT-average). And then a different examiner repeated the measurements. The repeatability and reproducibility of measurements were assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results. The repeatability and reproducibility of @entity937 and NIKBUTs were good in both DED and healthy groups (CV%  <= 26.1% and ICC >=  0.75 for all measurements). @entity1 with DED showed better intraexaminer repeatability for NIKBUTs, but worse for @entity937 than healthy subjects. Average @entity937 , NIKBUT-first, and NIKBUT-average were significantly lower in DED group than in healthy group (all P values < 0.05). Conclusions. Measurements of @entity937 and NIKBUTs obtained with the K5M may provide a simple, noninvasive screening test for @entity936 with acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. The NIKBUTs were more reliable, but @entity937 was less reliable in @entity1 with DED.

title: Repeatability and Reproducibility of Noninvasive Keratograph 5M Measurements in XXXX with @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['TMH', 'tear meniscus height']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye populations', 'dry eye']

entities_list: @entity41061 :: ('p|SUB|K|5|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K5M']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The pre-steady-state kinetics of phosphorylation of the @entity141 -ATPase by @entity855 was studied at 37 degrees C and in intact red cell membranes to approach physiological conditions. @entity855 and @entity141 activate with K0.5 of 4.9 and 26.4 microM, respectively. Preincubation with @entity141 did not change the K0.5 for @entity855 . Preincubation with @entity855 did not alter the initial velocity of phosphorylation suggesting that binding of @entity855 was not rate-limiting. @entity1025 added at the start of the reaction increased the initial rate of phosphorylation from 4 to 8 pmol/mg/s. With 30 microM @entity141 , the K0.5 for @entity1025 was 60 microM. @entity1025 and @entity141 added together beforehand accelerated phosphorylation to 70 pmol/mg/s. Phosphorylation of calmodulin-bound membranes was the fastest (280 pmol/mg/s), and its time course showed a neat overshoot before steady state. The results suggest that either preincubation with @entity141 plus @entity1025 or calmodulin accelerated phosphorylation shifting toward E1 the equilibrium between the @entity6860 2 conformers of the enzyme. K+ had no effect on the initial rate of phosphorylation and lowered by 40% the steady-state level of phosphoenzyme in the absence of @entity1025 . Phosphorylation is not rate-limiting for the overall reaction since its initial rate was always higher than @entity855 ase activity. In the absence of K+, the turnover of the phosphoenzyme was 2000 min-1, which is close to the values for other transport ATPases.

title: Pre-steady-state phosphorylation of the human red cell XXXX -ATPase.

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As part of studies aimed at better defining the effects of anesthetics at different anatomic sites, we have developed a model of preferentially delivering inhaled anesthetics to the in situ @entity1237 brain, using a bubble oxygenator and roller pump. We tested the hypotheses that (1) this model excludes the cerebral circulation from the body; (2) the concentration of @entity1508 in the oxygenator exhaust correlates with the concentration of @entity1508 in the oxygenator arterial blood. METHODS: After ligation of the occipital arteries in six @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity1237 , we used a bubble oxygenator to perfuse the brain preferentially (exclusive of the body) via a carotid artery, draining @entity1503 back into the oxygenator via the isolated jugular veins. (In @entity1237 , the vertebral arteries do not directly contribute to the cerebral circulation, and internal jugular veins and extracranial internal carotid arteries are absent). The extent of isolation was determined with radioactive microspheres injected into the left atrium during the following periods: (1) baseline; (2) during bypass when the blood pressure in the head equalled that in the body; (3) during bypass when the blood pressure in the body exceeded that in the head by approximately 30-35 mmHg; (4) when the bypass roller pump was stopped. We also measured the concentration of @entity1508 in the arterial blood of the bypass unit. In three animals, systemic @entity43160 was administered during bypass to detect the presence of venous contamination. RESULTS: Baseline cerebral blood flow was 74 +/- 32 ml.100 g-1.min-1 (mean +/- SD). During bypass, cerebral blood flow originating from the systemic circulation was less than 1 ml.100 g-1.min-1, and isolation extended to the caudal medulla during periods 3 and 4, and to the first 1-cm segment of the spinal cord during period 2. The concentration of @entity1508 in the oxygenator exhaust correlated reasonably well with the arterial @entity1508 concentration (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). Systemic arterial @entity43160 concentrations peaked at 1 min (27 +/- 3.7 micrograms/ml) and decreased to 10.6 +/- 2.3 micrograms/ml at 10 min; head venous @entity43160 plasma concentrations gradually increased to 3.1 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml at 10 min. CONCLUSIONS: This technique permits selective perfusion and delivery of inhaled anesthetics to the in situ @entity1237 brain, but is not adequate for selective delivery of fixed intravenous anesthetics.

title: A method for preferential delivery of volatile anesthetics to the in situ XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cranial venous blood']

entities_list: @entity43160 :: ('MESH:C032943', 'Chemical') :: ['metocurine']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study sought to assess clinical outcomes in @entity1 receiving gamma knife radiosurgery (GK) for treatment of brain @entity3 from @entity320 and evaluate for potential predictive factors. METHODS: We reviewed 188 GK procedures in 129 consecutive @entity1 that were treated for brain @entity3 from @entity320 . The population consisted of 84 males and 45 females with a median age of 57 years. Fifty-five @entity1 (43%) had a single @entity3 . Seventy-one @entity1 (55%) received chemotherapy, 58 @entity1 (45%) received biologic agents, and 36 @entity1 (28%) received prior whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). The median marginal dose was 18.8 Gy (range 12 to 24 Gy). RESULTS: Actuarial survival was 52%, 26%, and 13% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The median survival time was 6.7 months. @entity5 control was 95%, 81% 53% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The median time to LBF was 25.2 months. Freedom from distant brain failure was 40%, 29%, and 10% at 6, 12, and 24 months, and the median time to DBF was 4.6 months. At the time of data analysis, 108 @entity1 (84%) had died. Fifty-eight @entity1 (52%) died from @entity16 . The median time to @entity16 from GK treatment was 7.9 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that hemorrhage of @entity3 prior to GK (P = .02) and LBF (P = .03) were the dominant predictors of @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: GK achieves excellent local control and may improve outcomes as a component of a multidisciplinary treatment strategy. Distant brain failure and @entity16 remain problematic and prospective trials are necessary.

title: Predictors of survival, XXXX , local failure, and distant failure after gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity320 brain @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Local tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic death', 'neurologic demise']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurologic death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience in laparoscopic adrenalectomy for isolated adrenal @entity3 . METHODS: A total of 34 adrenalectomies were performed in 32 @entity1 for incidental @entity774 discovered at @entity5 diagnosis or during follow-up. The @entity5 diagnosed were 13 cases of @entity2 , 9 of @entity1358 , 2 of @entity14 , 2 of @entity150 , and 1 each of @entity43 , @entity0 , @entity356 , and @entity320 . Two @entity1 had no history of a @entity5 . The mean @entity1 age was 59 years (range 26 to 75). The male/female ratio was 1.9:1. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 87 minutes (range 40 to 240). The average @entity190 was 89 mL (range 0 to 1000). No conversions to open surgery were needed. The mean hospital stay was 3 days (range 1 to 5). One intraoperative diaphragmatic lesion developed that was repaired laparoscopically, and 1 @entity1 had a @entity3472 that was managed by percutaneous drainage. The mean @entity5 size was 4.3 cm (range 1.5 to 9). The microscopic analysis revealed 22 @entity5 (64.7%) and 12 cases of benign pathologic features (35.3%). The mean survival time was 26 months (range 4 to 64) for the 22 @entity1 with @entity5 . In 2 @entity1 (9.1%), the surgical margins were positive. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for small isolated metastases is feasible. However, because of the high risk of positive margins, this procedure should only be done by expert laparoscopists. We did not find a correlation between mass size and @entity5 . Nevertheless, we believe that longer follow-up is mandatory before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

title: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for suspected XXXX of adrenal glands: our experience.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malign lesions', 'primary tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal masses']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines established non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (non-HDL-C) as a secondary treatment target. However, non-HDL-C levels are not reported on standard lipid panels by many hospital-based and/or commercial biochemical laboratories. OBJECTIVE: We determined whether reporting non-HDL-C was associated with improved non-HDL-C goal attainment. METHODS: We identified @entity1 with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and/or @entity6 receiving care within the Veterans Health Administration. We matched a facility that reported non-HDL-C levels on lipid panels (3994 @entity65 and 5108 @entity6 @entity1 ) to a facility with similar size, @entity1 complexity, and academic mission that did not report non-HDL-C (4269 @entity65 and 6591 @entity6 @entity1 ). We performed @entity1 -level analysis to assess differences in non-HDL-C from baseline to the most recent lipid panel at these facilities. RESULTS: Baseline non-HDL-C levels for @entity65 @entity1 were 114 mg/dL and 107 mg/dL at the reporting and nonreporting facilities, respectively. At 2.3-year follow-up, non-HDL-C levels decreased at both facilities but by a greater amount at the reporting facility (-11 mg/dL vs -3 mg/dL at the nonreporting facility, P < .001). Results remained significant (P < .001) after we adjusted for @entity1 's age, race, gender, illness burden, history of @entity6 , @entity101 , medication adherence, @entity1780 use, number of lipid panels, and number of primary care visits between baseline and follow-up. Reductions were greater among @entity65 @entity1 with @entity1674 >= 200 mg/dL (-25 mg/dL vs -16 mg/dL at the respective facilities, P  = .004). Results were similar in @entity6 @entity1 . Reporting was also associated with greater proportions of @entity1 meeting non-HDL-C treatment goal of <130 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: Non-HDL-C reporting could improve non-HDL-C goal attainment.

title: Non-high-density lipoprotein XXXX reporting and goal attainment in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: The objective of this study was to re-evaluate the clinical and economic effects of common therapies for @entity2681 in the light of a newly approved treatment regimen. A previously constructed 7-month community practice decision analytical model was revised to include the latest published data on efficacy and symptomatic outcomes. The original results of phase I therapy (antacids plus dietary, sleeping and lifestyle changes) alone or combined with @entity5616 150mg bid or @entity4546 20mg od were reassessed by adding new clinical data on the efficacy of and symptomatic response to @entity5616 150mg qid. The same payment data used in the first analysis were applied here as well, with the addition of the US price of @entity5616 150mg qid. The study perspective was that of the payer or insurer. @entity4546 -based therapy remained a dominant strategy for symptomatic care during the 7-month model. It was 14% less costly per @entity1 , led to 23% fewer symptomatic months, and had 21% lower cost per symptom-free month than @entity5616 150mg qid, the next best alternative. Evolving treatment strategies necessitate rapid assessment and reassessment so that clinical practice can remain current, @entity1 can be assured of the best quality, and insurers can be aware of treatment cost and budgetary impact given limited resources in all countries. Only by consistent and continuous re-evaluation of new or changing medical interventions can clinicians and insurers adapt @entity1 management to new scientifically derived results. This is the best manner by which to meet @entity1 ' care needs and the clinical needs of practitioners, as well as the financial needs of payers.

title: Cost and quality effects of treating XXXX . A re-evaluation.

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosive oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

answer: @entity2681 :: (MESH:D014077,Disease) :: ['erosive oesophagitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because @entity5442 (IIMs) are potentially life-threatening systemic @entity792 , we examined risk factors for juvenile IIM mortality. METHODS: Mortality status was available for 405 @entity1 (329 with @entity8817 [ @entity6017 ], 30 with juvenile @entity6558 [ @entity6558 ], and 46 with juvenile connective tissue disease-associated @entity5442 [CTM]) enrolled in nationwide protocols. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using US population statistics. Cox regression analysis was used to assess univariable associations with mortality, and random survival forest (RSF) classification and Cox regression analysis were used for multivariable associations. RESULTS: Of 17 deaths (4.2% overall mortality), 8 (2.4%) were in juvenile @entity6017 @entity1 . Death was related to the pulmonary system (primarily @entity401 [ @entity401 ]) in 7 @entity1 , gastrointestinal system in 3, and multisystem in 3, and of unknown etiology in 4 @entity1 . The SMR for juvenile IIMs overall was 14.4 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 12.2-16.5) and was 8.3 (95% CI 6.4-10.3) for juvenile @entity6017 . The top mortality risk factors in the univariable analysis included clinical subgroup (juvenile CTM, juvenile @entity6558 ), antisynthetase autoantibodies, older age at diagnosis, @entity401 , and @entity2407 at diagnosis. In multivariable analyses, clinical subgroup, illness severity at onset, age at diagnosis, @entity353 , and delay to diagnosis were the most important predictors from RSF; clinical subgroup and illness severity at onset were confirmed by multivariable Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Overall mortality was higher in juvenile IIM @entity1 , and several early illness features were identified as risk factors. Clinical subgroup, antisynthetase autoantibodies, older age at diagnosis, and @entity401 are also recognized as mortality risk factors in adult @entity5442 .

title: Early illness features associated with mortality in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies', 'myositis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity785 ( @entity785 ) is a connective tissue disease characterized by microvascular changes and @entity82 of the skin and internal organs. Increased skin thickness proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints is the single major diagnostic criterion. The aim of this study was to evaluate high frequency (20 MHz) ultrasound for the assessment of skin thickness in @entity1 with @entity785 of different disease durations. METHODS: Skin thickness was measured with high frequency (20 MHz) ultrasound equipment (Dermascan) in 41 @entity1 with @entity785 (23 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ) and in 41 controls. Twenty-five @entity1 had limited cutaneous @entity785 (ISSc), 12 had @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ) and 4 had suspected @entity785 . RESULTS: Skin thickness of the forearm was inversely correlated to disease duration. Compared to controls, skin thickness was increased over the proximal phalanx of the right second finger and over the forearm in @entity1 with a disease duration of 2 years or less. Assessments of skin thickness in 10 controls by 2 independent investigators showed an inter-observer variability of 1.0% for the proximal phalanx and 0.0016% for the forearm. @entity1 whose ultrasound showed increased skin thickness on the hand and forearm also had thickened skin by palpation. CONCLUSION: High frequency (20MHz) ultrasound is a feasible method for measuring skin thickness in @entity785 , and may be useful for diagnosis, long-term follow-up, and assessment in therapeutic studies.

title: Comparison of high frequency (20 MHz) ultrasound and palpation for the assessment of skin involvement in XXXX (scleroderma).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['dSSc', 'diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']