abstract: The effect of interstitial laser photochemotherapy with the mitochondrial-specific intravital dye @entity3514 ( @entity3514 ) was studied using a malignant @entity35 @entity11 model system (RT2). @entity5 were transplanted subcutaneously into the flank of athymic @entity19 and into the cerebrum of adult @entity35 . The @entity3514 photosensitization was produced by direct intratumoral injection of @entity3514 into the @entity19 @entity5 and by intravenous @entity3514 administration to adult @entity35 with implanted RT2 @entity5 . Intratumoral irradiation with 150 mW of argon laser light for an exposure time of 15 minutes was performed using a conical sapphire-tipped quartz optical fiber. Control groups of animals received either no treatment, @entity3514 injections, or administration of 150 mW of argon laser light for 15 minutes. Both flank and @entity5 showed progressive diminution in size after treatment with @entity3514 photochemotherapy. There was no evidence of @entity5 recurrence in 60% of @entity3514 photochemotherapy-treated @entity5 . Recurrences in @entity5 treated with @entity3514 photochemotherapy usually appeared at the periphery of the original @entity5 at 10 days after treatment. Histologically, photochemotherapy-treated @entity5 showed progressive shrinkage with increasing @entity5 necrosis over time. The finding of residual or recurrent @entity5 at the periphery of the original @entity5 mass suggests that the lack of penetration of the blue-green ( @entity3503 ) light was responsible for preventing complete @entity5 ablation. Our results suggest that @entity3514 photochemotherapy can destroy @entity11 in vivo; however, the poor penetrability of the photoactivating blue-green light may limit the effectiveness of this treatment for large or extensively invasive @entity5 .

title: Interstitial laser photochemotherapy of @entity3514 -sensitized @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'RT2 flank tumors', 'intracerebral tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine the role of the lymphangiogenic markers @entity9961 , @entity9205 and @entity7802 in transitional @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archival cystectomy @entity5 blocks of 286 @entity1 were selected for construction of a @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ). @entity982 sections were assessed immunohistochemically using polyclonal antibodies against @entity9961 , @entity9205 and @entity7802 . Staining results were evaluated semiquantitatively and analyzed for their association with various clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: There was no association of @entity9961 with histopathological parameters or clinical outcome. @entity1 with @entity9205 overexpression had higher pathological @entity5 stages (p =0.021) and regional lymph node @entity3 (p=0.008). Furthermore, they had a significantly reduced disease-free survival (p=0.042). Overexpression of @entity7802 was particularly present in the subgroup of G3 and G4 @entity5 (p=0.001) and was associated with a shorter disease-free survival (p=0.041). In multivariate analysis, only @entity5 stage and lymph node @entity3 were independent prognostic parameters. CONCLUSION: Targeting @entity9205 and @entity7802 could be a useful tool to predict and control progression of @entity150 .

title: @entity9961 , @entity9205 and @entity7802 in transitional XXXX : relationships to clinicopathological parameters and long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Prevention of injury-induced functional alterations in the central nervous system by pre-emptive @entity1337 or other techniques is a fascinating @entity1442 based on substantial scientific evidence. Although experimental data may provide a rationale for this concept, translation into clinical practice has led to some debate, especially about interpretation of results from studies in postoperative @entity1 (Katz et al. 1992a, 1993; Dahl et al 1992a, 1993b; Dahl _ Kehlet 1993a). This may partly be due to a difference in experimental versus clinical benefits from pre-emptive @entity1337 and furthermore, clinicians may ask if preoperative administration of @entity1286 or other opioids is really a "novel approach" (Katz 1993) to the management of @entity282 . Thus, administration of opioids for premedication, and during induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia has been common clinical practice for decades. In spite of this practice, @entity1 have suffered from unacceptable @entity282 . Several critical elements must be addressed before the concept can be applied into clinical practice. Thus, the idea originates from experimental studies, often with anaesthetized or decerebrated animals, and with nociceptive stimuli which did not involve severe ongoing @entity3145 . The various types of noxious stimuli ( @entity7183 stimulation, heat-, chemical-, inflammatory- and @entity528 ) may differ from the @entity3816 , and the time-scale of the experiments, and the profiles of analgesic effects and efficacy may differ from the clinical situation. In a study of @entity1 undergoing gynaecological laparotomy, increased sensitivity to noxious electrical stimulation of the sural nerve was observed postoperatively, with a corresponding trend in the nociceptive flexion reflex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neuronal plasticity and pre-emptive XXXX : implications for the management of @entity282 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['working hypothesis']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injury']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Though the median age at diagnosis is 64 years, few studies focus on elderly (>= 65 years) @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). This study examines healthcare outcomes among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with @entity1860 who started @entity10542 or @entity8947 after @entity2213 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 were identified in the Medicare Research Identifiable Files (2006-2012) and had continuous Medicare Parts A, B, and D coverage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment patterns, overall survival (OS), monthly healthcare resource utilization and medical costs were measured from the second-line @entity4149 kinase inhibitor initiation (index date) to end of Medicare coverage. RESULTS: Despite similar adherence, @entity8947 @entity1 (N=379) were more likely to start on the recommended dose (74% vs. 53%; p   <   0.001), and to have dose reductions (21% vs. 11%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR]=1.94; p=0.002) or dose increases (9% vs. 7%; adjusted HR=1.81; p=0.048) than @entity10542 @entity1 (N=280). Fewer @entity10542 @entity1 discontinued (59% vs. 67%; adjusted HR=0.80; p=0.026) or switched to another TKI (21% vs. 29%; adjusted HR=0.72; p=0.044) than @entity8947 @entity1 . @entity10542 @entity1 had longer median OS (>4.9 years vs. 4.0 years; p=0.032) and 37% lower mortality risk than @entity8947 @entity1 (adjusted HR=0.63; p=0.008). @entity10542 @entity1 had 23% fewer inpatient admissions, 30% fewer @entity341 , 13% fewer outpatient visits (all p   <   0.05), and lower monthly medical costs (by  513, p=0.024) than @entity8947 @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Lack of clinical assessment (disease phase and response to first-line therapy) and retrospective nature of study (unobservable potential confounding factors, non-randomized treatment choice). CONCLUSIONS: In the current study of elderly @entity1860 @entity1 , initiation of second-line TKIs frequently occurs at doses lower than the recommended starting doses and despite this, many @entity1 require dose adjustments. Here, @entity10542 @entity1 required fewer dose adjustments than @entity8947 @entity1 . Further research focusing on elderly @entity1860 @entity1 is warranted to help define future best clinical practices.

title: Treatment Patterns, Overall Survival, Healthcare Resource Use and Costs in Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries with @entity1860 using Second-Generation XXXX Kinase Inhibitors as Second-Line Therapy.

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency room visits']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['Nilotinib', 'nilotinib']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['Tyrosine']


abstract: The @entity1778 Study Group @entity1582 study ( @entity19303 ) aimed to determine the prognostic significance of clinical and immunophenotypic markers in @entity1 with @entity1582 . All @entity1 were treated with standard dose melphalan and @entity229 . Seventy-four @entity1 were entered and the median survival was 27 months. Serum @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) and albumin levels were the only significant clinical factors influencing survival (p = 0.007 and p = 0.008, respectively). @entity1 with raised levels of @entity3053 + lymphocytes at presentation had a significantly shorter survival than @entity1 with normal levels (p = 0.01, logrank test, median 19 months vs 33 months). @entity3053 antigen expression was independent of @entity2262 but @entity1 with raised levels of @entity3053 had significantly lower levels of albumin than @entity1 with normal levels (p = 0.001) which may explain their poorer survival. Salmon and Durie stage was not associated with antigen expression. No other B-cell antigens ( @entity2282 , @entity1075 , @entity2225 , @entity10911 , @entity10317 , @entity7527 , @entity19304 or FMC7) or plasma cell antigens tested ( @entity19305 ) were found to be associated with prognosis. @entity1 who achieved plateau phase had a better prognosis than those who did not (p = 0.04 in a landmark analysis). @entity1 who achieved plateau phase following an objective response appeared to have a better prognosis than those who were in plateau phase at presentation (p = 0.09 in a landmark analysis). Light chain isotype suppression (LCIS) was not associated with a significant survival advantage and did not correlate with any known prognostic indicator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Peripheral blood lymphocyte surface antigen expression and prognosis in @entity1582 : XXXX Study Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2M', 'beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Australian Leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Australian Leukaemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity191 is one of the most disabling diseases which by electrode implantation and stimulation of @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ), much progress has been made in the treatment of drug resistant @entity1 . This new method of neurosurgery may have some neuropsychological side effects on the @entity1 . The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of this kind of treatment on the different neuropsychological aspect of @entity1 . METHODS: The case-control study designed for comparing two groups of @entity1 with @entity191 . Thirty @entity1 , who underwent electrode implantation and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), compare with 60 @entity1 treated with antiparkinson's drugs. These two groups matched in age, sex, @entity191 duration and @entity191 scores. MEASUREMENTS: the UPDR scale was used to assess the severity of the @entity191 . Beck @entity308 Inventory questionnaire (BDI) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale questionnaire (HARS) were used to evaluate the @entity308 and @entity148 consequences of DBS. Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) were used to evaluate the cognitive and executive function of the study subjects. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity10789 stimulation showed lower level of @entity148 and @entity308 , however, the cognitive status were more deteriorated in study subjects than control group. DISCUSSION: @entity1 with DBS surgery have to be followed up for @entity146 particularly for the @entity73 in long term period.

title: The effects of bilateral XXXX stimulation on cognitive and neuropsychiatric functions in @entity191 : a case-control study (#).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['STN', 'subthalamic nucleus']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's severity"]

answer: @entity10789 :: (MESH:D002527,Disease) :: ['subthalamic nucleus']


abstract: Angina can occur in the early morning. The mechanism of this is unclear and both @entity3361 may be important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diurnal variation in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (an indirect measure of left ventricular filling pressure) in six normal subjects, 18 @entity1 with @entity453 , five with @entity5968 , and six with @entity1112 . A transducer tipped catheter and a simple recording system were used to record ambulatory pulmonary artery diastolic pressure for 24 hours. Variation in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was related to the timing of episodes of ST segment @entity308 and elevation by simultaneously recording a frequency modulated electrocardiogram. Episodes of ST segment change occurred predominantly in the early morning (midnight to 6 am) in @entity5968 (eight out of 14 episodes) whereas in @entity1112 all episodes were recorded during the day. In @entity453 both @entity158 and painless episodes were distributed throughout the day, with 10 out of 67 episodes occurring between midnight and 6 am. A similar diurnal variation in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was seen in the groups--that is, values were low during the day and higher at night, with the maximum values between midnight and 6 am. The 24 hour median pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was higher in @entity1 with @entity453 than in the control group and those with @entity1112 . The finding that pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, and therefore left ventricular end diastolic pressure, is greatest in the early morning may represent the background haemodynamic state in which other factors lead to @entity296 during these hours.

title: Diurnal variation in left ventricular function: a study of @entity1 with XXXX , @entity1112 , and of normal controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ['variant angina']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome X']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic changes and coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated volume-outcome relationships for numerous operations, providing an impetus for regionalization; however, volume-based regionalization may not be feasible or necessary. Our objective was to determine if low-risk @entity1 undergoing surgery at Community Hospitals have perioperative mortality rates comparable with Specialized Centers. METHODS: From the National @entity5 Data Base, 940,718 @entity1 from approximately 1430 hospitals were identified who underwent resection for 1 of 15 @entity5 (2003-2005). @entity1 were stratified by preoperative risk according to age and comorbidities. Separately for @entity5 , regression modeling stratified by high- and low-risk groups was used to compare 60-day mortality at Specialized Centers (National @entity5 Institute-designated and/or highest-volume quintile institutions), Other @entity4207 (lower-volume, non-National @entity5 Institute), and Community Hospitals. RESULTS: Low-risk @entity1 had statistically similar perioperative mortality rates at Specialized Centers and Community Hospitals for 13 of 15 operations. High-risk @entity1 had significantly lower perioperative mortality rates at Specialized Centers compared with Community Hospitals for 9 of 15 @entity5 . Regardless of risk group, perioperative mortality rates were significantly lower for pancreatectomy and esophagectomy at Specialized Centers. Risk-based referral compared with volume-based regionalization of most @entity1 would require fewer @entity1 to change to Specialized Centers. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative mortality for low-risk @entity1 was comparable at Specialized Centers and Community Hospitals for all @entity5 except esophageal and pancreatic, thus questioning volume-based regionalization of all @entity1 . Rather, only high-risk @entity1 may need to change hospitals. Mortality rates could be reduced if factors at Specialized Centers resulting in better outcomes for high-risk @entity1 can be identified and transferred to other hospitals.

title: Risk-based selective referral for XXXX surgery: a potential strategy to improve perioperative outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic Institutions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['each cancer', 'cancers', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The prognostic value of injury severity and of anatomical region in acute @entity1566 is strong, making it hard to evaluate other indicators or assess improvement without considering them. PURPOSE: This study documents issues and suggests a practical way to stratify. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected for the multicenter trial of GM-1. @entity1 SAMPLE: A total of 760 @entity1 were recruited at 28 centers in North America. Injuries were rostral to T10 and left at least one leg with an American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) motor score less than 15 of 25. @entity1 were assessed at baseline using the @entity73 ( @entity73 ): Grade A, Grade B, and Grades C and D (combined). They were divided by injury region: cervical or @entity1514 . OUTCOME MEASURES: The endpoint was marked recovery (MR), defined as improvement of at least two grades from @entity73 at baseline to Modified Benzel Scale at Week 26. Other endpoints were changes in ASIA Motor, in light touch, and in pin prick scores. METHODS: Data were verified onsite by a central team of monitors, the database was checked and standard statistical techniques were applied. RESULTS: Recruitment was uneven. In 760 @entity1 , 579 injuries were cervical, and 482 were complete. There were few incomplete @entity764 . The cervical group had more MR than the @entity1514 group (37.2% vs 15.9%, p< .0001). @entity73 Groups C and D had (p< .0001) more MR (84.0%) than Group B (46.6%), which recovered more than Group A (12.8%). The cervical group had an advantage in MR because it had more @entity1 with @entity73 B, and still more @entity73 C and D. Within @entity73 Group A, the cervical subgroup had (p< .02) higher MR (15.5%) than the @entity1514 one (7.0%), but MR was nearly equal in the B and CD groups. This suggested a new stratification variable, "injury region/severity," to distinguish cervical (n=332, MR=15.5%) and @entity1514 (n=150, MR=7.0%) injuries within @entity73 A, but not in @entity73 B (n=131, MR=46.6%) or @entity73 CD (n=147, MR=84.1%). This variable is a significant predictor of MR (p< .0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity73 severity was the strongest predictor. Anatomical region was also strong but confounded with the severity effect, because the cervicals had fewer @entity130 , and because the cervical complete group did better than @entity1514 complete. The injury region/severity variable keeps the strong prognostic value of using both region and severity, but is simpler and more statistically economical.

title: @entity130 as primary predictor of outcome in acute XXXX : retrospective results from a large multicenter clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ASIA Impairment Scale', 'AIS']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['complete injuries']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of simulated weightlessness on mechanotransduction in @entity35 calvarial osteoblasts. METHOD: Osteoblasts were isolated from neonatal @entity35 calvariae and then were set to two groups. One was cultured in clinostat to simulate the weightlessness environment. Another was cultured in 1 G gravitational environment. After 60 h, osteoblasts were treated with 0.5 Pa or 1.5 Pa @entity9661 in a flow chamber. The @entity9661 treatment time was set to 30 min and 60 min, respectively. The specimens of each group were obtained for immunohistochemistry staining and determination of expressions of @entity4645 ( @entity4645 ) in osteoblasts. RESULT: In osteoblasts cultured in 1 G gravitational environment, @entity4645 expression was increased remarkably from 30 min to 60 min with the treatment of @entity9661 (P<0.01). There was no clear difference between the expression of @entity4645 after treatments of 0.5 Pa or 1.5 Pa @entity9661 ; In cells cultured in simulated weightlessness environment, no detectable expression of @entity4645 was found with the treatment of 0.5 Pa @entity9661 . The expression of @entity4645 was only detected after 60 min treatment of 1.5 Pa @entity9661 , but the level of expression was decreased significantly (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that the mechanotransduction in osteoblasts was down-regulated in simulated (correction of stimulated) weightlessness.

title: [Effects of simulated weightlessness on the expression of XXXX in @entity35 calvarial osteoblasts induced by fluid shear stress].

answer: @entity4645 :: (29527(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: AIMS: @entity3347 have been linked to a propensity for relapse to @entity734 . Inasmuch as this association applies to @entity888 (MA) abuse, an understanding of the course of MA withdrawal symptoms may help to direct treatment for @entity734 . Previous studies of symptoms manifested during abstinence from MA have been limited in size and scope. We asked (i) whether debilitating psychological and/or physical symptoms appear during the first several weeks of MA abstinence, (ii) how craving for MA evolves and (iii) whether @entity146 symptoms (e.g. @entity308 , @entity716 ) persist beyond a month of abstinence. DESIGN: A study of MA-dependent @entity1 , who initiated and maintained abstinence from the drug for up to 5 weeks, compared to a matched healthy comparison group. SETTING: In- @entity1 research hospital ward (MA-dependent subjects) and out- @entity1 (comparison subjects). @entity1 : Fifty-six MA-dependent and eighty-nine comparison subjects. MEASUREMENTS: Rater-assessed MA withdrawal questionnaire and self-report assessment of craving (MA-dependent subjects) and self-report assessment of @entity146 symptoms (both groups). FINDINGS: At study entry, MA-dependent subjects exhibited a wide range in severity of @entity308 , with the average score at a mild-moderate level of severity. Symptoms of @entity716 were also prevalent. While depressive and @entity716 largely resolved within a week of abstinence, craving did not decrease significantly from the time of initiating abstinence until the second week, and then continued at a reduced level to the fifth week. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive and @entity716 accompany acute withdrawal from @entity888 but resolve within 1 week. Craving is also present and lasts at least 5 weeks.

title: XXXX in abstinent @entity888 -dependent subjects.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['Withdrawal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse', 'MA dependence']

answer: @entity3347 :: (MESH:D013375,Disease) :: ['Withdrawal symptoms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitral allografts are still used only exceptionally in the mitral or tricuspid position. The main indication remains @entity166 of @entity340 for its flexibility and low risk of @entity281 . The aim of our study was to evaluate 1-year results of mitral allografts transplantation into the tricuspid position in a @entity742 model. Mitral allografts were processed, cryopreserved, and transplanted into the tricuspid position anatomically (Group I - 11 animals) or antianatomically (Group II - 8 animals). All survivors (4 from Group I, and 3 from Group II) were checked at 3, 6, and 12 months by echocardiography with the exception of one survivor from Group II (which was examinated only visually). Examination throughout follow-up included for mitral allograft regurgitation and annuli dilatation. At postmortem, the papillary muscles were healed and firmly anchored to the right ventricular wall in all subjects. Transventricular fixation of the papillary muscles with buttressed sutures was proven to be a stable, reproducible, and safe method for anchoring mitral allograft leaflets. There were no significant differences between the two implantation methods. Annulus support of mitral allografts might be very useful in this type of operation and could prevent @entity384 .

title: One-year results from cryopreserved mitral allograft transplantation into the tricuspid position in a XXXX experimental model.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['annular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valves']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious endocarditis']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a potential assay for determining cellular radiosensitivity based on the detection of chromosome damage. This approach was chosen because of its relative simplicity and short assay time. Two radiosensitive and two radioresistant @entity1 @entity5 cell lines were used. The radiosensitive lines were an @entity43 line (A1847) and a @entity957 line (SCC61). The radioresistant cells were a @entity2220 line (A549) and a second squamous line (SQ20B). Whole chromosome-specific probes were used to detect radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in mitotic cells. Available probes were first screened to characterize the intrinsic chromosome aberrations before irradiation and the appropriate probes (minimum fluorescent spots) were selected for each cell line. Maximum radiation-induced aberrations were found 24 h after irradiation. Dose-response curves corrected for target size (proportion of genome probed) differed for all cell lines. The radiosensitive A1847 cell line showed more induced aberrations compared with the radioresistant A549 cell line, in agreement with the survival data. In contrast, the SQ20B cell line showed more induced chromosome aberrations than the more radiosensitive SCC61 cell line, leading to the hypothesis that the SQ20B cells could tolerate more aberrations. Dose-response curves obtained in surviving cells 14 days postirradiation indeed showed elevated levels of chromosome aberrations for SQ20B cells. The difference in chromosome aberrations between 1 and 14 days showed a good correlation with the survival data for all four cell lines. In conclusion, FISH of mitotic cells with whole chromosome probes appears to be a suitable assay to predict radiosensitivity. It seems necessary, however, to determine both induced and remaining chromosome aberrations, since different processing or tolerance of radiation-induced aberrations, including stable types, could lead to different correlations with cell survival.

title: Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to measure chromosome aberrations as a predictor of radiosensitivity in XXXX @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We investigated calpain activation in the heart during @entity63 -reperfusion (I-R) by immunologically mapping the fragmentation patterns of calpain and selected calpain substrates. Western blots showed the intact 78 kDa large subunit of membrane-associated calpain was autolytically fragmented to 56 and 43 kDa signature immunopeptides following I-R. Under these conditions, the 78 kDa calpain large subunit from crude cytosolic fractions was markedly less fragmented, with only weakly stained autolytic peptides detected at higher molecular weights (70 and 64 kDa). Western blots also showed corresponding calpain-like degradation products (150 and 145 kDa) of membrane-associated @entity10930 (240 kDa) following I-R, but in crude myofibrils @entity10930 degradation occurred in a manner uncharacteristic of calpain. For control hearts perfused in the absence of @entity63 , @entity1949 and calpain-like @entity10930 degradation were completely absent from most subcellular fractions. The exception was sarcolemma-enriched membranes, where significant calpain autolysis and calpain-like @entity10930 degradation were detected. In purified sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, @entity23963 and @entity21331 proteins were also highly degraded, but for @entity23963 this did not occur in a manner characteristic of calpain. When I-R-treated hearts were perfused with peptidyl calpain inhibitors (ALLN or ALLM; 25 micromol/L), calpain autolysis and calpain-like degradation of @entity10930 were equally attenuated by each inhibitor. However, only ALLN protected against early loss of developed pressure in hearts following I-R, with no functionally protective effect of ALLM observed. Our studies suggest calpain is preferentially activated at membranes following I-R, possibly contributing to impaired ion channel function implicated by others in I-R injury.

title: Extensive XXXX following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['autolytic fragmentation of calpain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['autolytic fragmentation of membranous versus cytosolic calpain']


abstract: The influence of three different dosage schedules on kidney cortical accumulation of @entity581 was studied in @entity35 . A daily dose of 10 mg/kg of @entity801 or @entity2890 or 33.3 mg/kg of @entity4509 were given, either in single injections, three injections eight hours apart, or by continuous infusion. Kidney cortical levels of @entity581 were examined at regular intervals up to eight days. The pattern for cortical accumulation under different dose regimens was drug-dependent. Continuous infusion of @entity801 resulted in remarkably higher cortical concentrations than after intermittent administrations. In contrast, cortical levels of @entity2890 were independent of the regimen used. For @entity4509 , higher accumulation resulted from continuous administration from the second day. However, the differences in tissue levels after one or the other dose regimen were less striking than for @entity801 . These observations were explained by differences in cortical uptake kinetics for @entity581 previously reported. Elevations in serum concentrations of @entity801 were associated with nonlinear uptake. Accordingly, uptake of @entity801 is more "efficient" at low serum concentrations. Uptake of @entity2890 was linearly related to increases in serum levels. @entity4509 showed a mixed kinetics pattern, saturation at low serum levels, and linear kinetics at high serum concentrations. This explains the higher cortical levels reached with continuous infusion of @entity4509 compared with intermittent administration. Uptake kinetics play an essential role in cortical @entity4028 concentrations achieved after different dosing strategies. The design of regimens minimizing cortical uptake may decrease the risk of nephrotoxicity.

title: The effect of dosing strategy on kidney cortical accumulation of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin', 'Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity581 :: (MESH:D000617,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycosides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of ventricular late potentials and @entity1165 in @entity101 subjects with @entity4346 and to study their relation to clinical characteristics. SETTING: Teaching and general hospital in Padua. METHODS: 107 @entity101 subjects with echocardiographic signs of @entity4346 were studied with signal averaged electrocardiography and 24 hour Holter monitoring. Signal averaged electrocardiogram analysis was performed with high pass filters of 25 Hz, 40 Hz, and 80 Hz. Ventricular late potentials were considered to be present if at least two determinants of the signal averaged electrocardiogram were abnormal in one of the three filters. 70 normotensive subjects served as age matched controls. RESULTS: 25% (27) of the @entity101 subjects and 6% (four) of the controls showed late potentials on signal averaged electrocardiography (P < 0.0001). The @entity101 subjects with late potentials had a higher prevalence of @entity1165 (33%, 9/27) than those without late potentials (13%, 10/80; P = 0.035). Twenty nine per cent (31/107) of the @entity101 subjects had an inversion of the early to atrial filling velocity (E/A ratio < 1) on Doppler analysis of transmitral flow. Within this group the percentage of subjects with late potentials (55%, 17/31) and @entity1165 (42%, 13/31) was much greater than that within the group of subjects without an inverted E/A ratio (13%, 10/76 (P < 0.0001) and 12%, 9/76 (P = 0.001) respectively). In a multivariate analysis only the E/A ratio was related to the presence or absence of either late potentials (P = 0.0001) or @entity1165 (P = 0.0008). Both late potentials and @entity1165 were unrelated to left ventricular mass, geometry, and systolic performance. CONCLUSIONS: A relation was found between the occurrence of @entity1165 and the presence of late potentials in @entity101 subjects with @entity4346 . @entity1002 was the main marker for the arrhythmogenic substrate present in this disease.

title: @entity1002 in XXXX @entity4346 as a marker of the presence of an arrhythmogenic substrate.

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired left ventricular filling']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4047 , a type 2 helper T cell (T(H)2), is an important regulator of inflammatory immune responses. It mediates its action through a receptor complex consisting of IL-13Ralpha1 and @entity9597 . @entity9596 binds @entity4047 with high affinity and is thought to act primarily as a decoy receptor, sequestering @entity4047 and thus inhibiting its action. Our aim was to clarify the role of these receptors in the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1097 @entity1 . METHODS: We genotyped the @entity16049 polymorphism in the IL-13Ralpha1 gene using restriction fragment length polymorphism for causal genetic diversity and measured serum levels of @entity9596 in 105 @entity1097 @entity1 suffering from @entity12131 , @entity483 , and @entity2490 (35 each). We compared the results with those of 35 nonatopic control individuals. Total immunoglobulin (Ig) E and serum @entity9596 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the eosinophil counts were recorded. RESULTS: A significant increase in serum @entity9596 levels was recorded in the 3 @entity1097 groups compared with the control group (P < .001), as well as a significant increase in total IgE levels and eosinophil counts. No significant association was found between @entity16049 and atopy other than a suggestive association between this polymorphism and raised total serum IgE levels in all 3 @entity1097 groups (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that @entity9596 plays an important role in atopy and that increased levels in different groups highlight its regulatory role in the development of @entity1109 . The @entity16049 polymorphism might be involved in the production of IgE.

title: @entity4047 receptors as biochemical markers in @entity1097 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['atopic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['atopic rhinitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity356 ( @entity356 ), minute submucosal ( @entity895 ) invasion of the @entity1819 has been regarded as an expanded indication for endoscopic resection (ER). The exact prediction of @entity895 invasion before ER may be difficult. Thus, @entity895 invasion may be important to decide additive treatment after ER. This study was designed to investigate the incidence of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in @entity895 - @entity356 based on surgical specimens and to evaluate the factors that indicate additional treatment after ER. METHODS: From May 2005 to December 2008, 1,676 @entity1 with @entity356 underwent surgery at Severance and Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Among them, 126 @entity1 were diagnosed with differentiated @entity895 - @entity356 . The clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed with respect to @entity1600 and lymphovascular invasion (LVI), which is a known independent risk factor for @entity1600 . Intratumoral marker immunohistochemistry was examined as a predictor of LVI. RESULTS: The mean @entity895 invasion depth was 621.3    745.6  m. The @entity1600 rates did not differ significantly between differentiated @entity895 - @entity356 (6.3%) and @entity895 - @entity356 (4.1%) meeting the expanded indication for ER. Female gender, moderate differentiation, LVI, and LVI grade were positively correlated with @entity1600 . Female gender and elevated lesion morphology were associated with LVI. The expression levels of @entity9961 and @entity14673 were higher in LVI-positive tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1600 rate in differentiated @entity895 - @entity356 meeting the expanded ER criteria was 4.1% in the present study, indicating that additional lymph node dissection may be necessary after ER in some cases of @entity895 - @entity356 .

title: Additive lymph node dissection may be necessary in minute submucosal cancer of the XXXX after endoscopic resection.

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'LNM']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['EGC', 'early gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['stomach']


abstract: @entity378 of the bone is a rare form of @entity378 associated with disseminated lesions. In @entity1 , the lesions involve the peripheral skeleton, are symmetric and less @entity3808 while in adults, the lesions are axial and predominantly @entity3808 . @entity378 and spina ventosa are the other common variants of @entity378 seen in @entity1 below five years. Here we report seven cases of @entity3084 . There were three males and four females with age of diagnosis between 2-11 years. Most @entity1 presented with localized swelling and @entity158 . X-rays revealed @entity5409 and spina ventosa. Four @entity1 had multiple cystic lesions and three had @entity75 . Diagnosis was confirmed by FNAC of the bone or histopathological/radiological evidence of @entity378 . The @entity1 responded well to anti-tubercular therapy. The entity of @entity3084 should be borne in mind as, lack of awareness may delay diagnosis and treatment. Biopsy is mandatory to confirm diagnosis and antitubercular drugs are the mainstay of therapy. Curettage of affected bone in selected cases may promote @entity446 . Response to therapy is excellent and the overall prognosis is good.

title: XXXX in @entity1 --a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['classical cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['cystic TB bone disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lesions']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic tuberculosis', 'TB dactylitis', 'tuberculosis (TB) osteomyelitis', 'TB osteomyelitis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['early healing']

answer: @entity3084 :: (MESH:D014394,Disease) :: ['Cystic bone tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity23390 ( @entity23390 ), a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, plays a role in the progression of a number of @entity5 , including breast, gastric, prostate and @entity14 . Serum @entity23390 levels are elevated in @entity1 with metastatic prostate, @entity0 . In vitro studies have revealed a cell type-specific role for @entity23390 in senescence and apoptosis. @entity23390 activates the survival kinase @entity584 in neuronal cells. Depending on the cell type, it activates or represses the MAP kinases @entity1366 . Mechanisms responsible for an increased @entity23390 expression in @entity5 and the consequences of @entity23390 overexpression, however, are not known. In this study, we show that @entity584 directly regulates the expression of @entity23390 in @entity0 cells. Sequences within -88 to +30 of the @entity23390 promoter are required for the @entity584 -mediated induction of @entity23390 . This region of the promoter contains two SP-1 binding sites (SP-1B and SP-1C), which bind to the @entity25138 proteins. Mutation of SP-1C but not SP-1B reduced the @entity584 -mediated activation of @entity23390 . @entity23390 increased the basal @entity12206 phosphorylation and prolonged the @entity172 -stimulated @entity12206 phosphorylation in MCF-7 @entity0 cells without altering the phosphorylation status of @entity584 . Immunohistochemistry with @entity23390 antibody revealed an @entity23390 expression within the @entity5 cells of primary @entity0 and in the MCF-7 xenografts. Furthermore, a limited analysis of RNA from primary @entity0 revealed an overexpression of @entity23390 in @entity5 , compared with normal tissues. These results suggest that @entity584 through @entity23390 could regulate the @entity12206 activity and the @entity23390 expression levels may serve as a surrogate marker for the @entity584 activation in @entity5 .

title: The macrophage inhibitory cytokine integrates @entity584 /PKB and MAP kinase signaling pathways in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast and colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity23390 :: ('9518', 'Gene') :: ['MIC-1', 'Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive lung lobectomy and segmentectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) are assumed to result in better quality of life and less  @entity282 compared with standard open approaches. To date, few prospective studies have compared the two approaches. We performed a prospective cohort study to compare quality of life and @entity158 scores during the first 12 months after VATS or open anatomic resection. METHODS: @entity1 were prospectively enrolled from May 2009 to April 2012. @entity1 with clinical @entity5 who were scheduled to undergo anatomic lung resection were eligible. The Brief @entity158 Index and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were conducted perioperatively and at four assessments during the first 12 months after the operation. Intent-to-treat analyses using mixed-effects models were used to longitudinally assess the effect of treatment on quality of life components (physical component summary and mental component summary) and @entity158 . RESULTS: In total, 74 @entity1 underwent thoracotomy, and 132 underwent VATS (including 19 @entity1 who were converted to thoracotomy); 40 and 80 @entity1 , respectively, completed the 12-month surveys. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Physical component summary and Brief @entity158 Index scores were similar between the two groups throughout the 12 months of follow-up. The mental component summary score, however, was consistently worse in the VATS group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 -reported physical component summary and @entity158 scores after VATS and thoracotomy were similar during the first 12 months after surgical resection.

title: A Prospective Trial Comparing XXXX and Quality of  Life Measures After Anatomic Lung Resection Using Thoracoscopy or Thoracotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I lung cancer']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity453 , left ventricular (LV) regional wall @entity910 can develop during the Mueller maneuver. The present study determines if the presence of @entity741 with no @entity1188 is a sufficient condition for this to occur, or if the presence of prior acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is necessary. In @entity1 , first-pass radionuclide ventriculography was performed in the 30 degree left anterior oblique supine position to measure LV ejection fraction, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and heart rate, and to obtain an image of the LV cavitary perimeter. This procedure was performed in 4 subject groups: 13 normal volunteers, 25 @entity1 with @entity453 but no prior @entity583 , 13 @entity1 with @entity453 and prior nontransmural @entity583 , and 36 @entity1 with @entity453 and prior transmural @entity583 . All @entity1 had @entity951 and underwent routine contrast coronary angiography; 60 also underwent contrast coronary angiography; 60 also underwent contrast LV angiography. Ejection fraction decreased during the Mueller maneuver in each of all the @entity453 groups (p less than 0.01), but not in the normal subjects. Heart rate increased in groups 1, 2 and 4 (p less than 0.01), and end-diastolic volume decreased in all 4 groups (p less than 0.01), whereas end-systolic volume did not change. Only in group 4 did regional wall @entity910 develop (17 @entity1 ) during the Mueller maneuver. Among @entity1 who had @entity910 during the Mueller maneuver and also underwent routine contrast ventriculography, half of the @entity2845 segments were not seen on routine contrast study, but were seen only on radionuclide ventriculography during the Mueller maneuver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of the Mueller maneuver on global and regional left ventricular function in @entity951 with or without previous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity1204 is the most common @entity5 of the female reproductive tract. In many cases the prognosis is favorable, but 22% of affected @entity1 die from the disease. We aimed to study potential differences in gene expression between @entity4348 from survivors (5-year survival) and nonsurvivors. Forty-five @entity1 were included in the investigation, of which 21 were survivors and 24 were nonsurvivors. The @entity5 were analyzed with genome-wide expression array analysis, represented by 13,526 genes. Distinct differences in gene expression were found between the groups. A t-test established that 218 genes were significantly differentially expressed (p < 0.001) between the two survival groups, and in a cross-validation test 40 of the 45 (89%) @entity5 were classified correctly. The 218 differentially expressed genes were subjected to hierachical clustering analysis, which yielded two clusters both exhibiting over 80% homogeneity with respect to survival. When the additional constraint of fold change (FC > 2) was added the hierachical clustering yielded similar results. Stage I @entity5 are expected to have a favorable prognosis. However, in our @entity5 material there were six nonsurvivors with stage I @entity5 . Five out of six stage I nonsurvivors clustered in the nonsurvival fraction. Our findings suggest that a subgroup of early stage @entity420 can be correctly classified as potentially aggressive by using molecular biology in combination with conventional markers, thereby providing a tool for a more accurate classification and risk evaluation of the individual @entity1 .

title: Identification of a gene expression signature for survival prediction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['endometroid adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['type I endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Cardiac stress, mediated by increased @entity2661 , is the hallmark of severe @entity130 typified by marked @entity591 , increased myocardial @entity26 consumption, and @entity5691 (CO). It remains one of the main determinants of survival in large burns. Currently, it is unknown for how long cardiac stress persists after a severe injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the extent and duration of cardiac stress after a severe burn. To determine persistence of cardiac alteration, the authors determined cardiac parameters of all surviving @entity1 with burns >=  40% TBSA from 1998 to 2008. One hundred ninety-four @entity1 were included in this study. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, CO, @entity64 volume, cardiac index, and ejection fractions were measured at regular intervals from admission up to 2 years after injury. Rate pressure product was calculated as a correlate of myocardial @entity26 consumption. All values were compared with normal nonburned @entity1 to validate the findings. Statistical analysis was performed using log transformed analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and Student's t-test, where applicable. Heart rate, CO, cardiac index, and rate pressure product remained significantly increased in burned @entity1 for up to 2 years when compared with normal ranges (P < .05), indicating vastly increased cardiac stress. Ejection fraction was within normal limits for 2 years. Cardiac stress persists for at least 2 years postburn, and the authors suggest that attenuation of these detrimental responses may improve long-term morbidity.

title: Changes in cardiac physiology after severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new transdermal delivery system for @entity3575 is available in two strengths: 70-80 and 90-100 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 (40- and 60-cm2 patches, respectively). Their short onset and 24-h drug delivery make them attractive for @entity282 control. METHODS: Both doses of the new transdermal @entity3575 patches were evaluated for the relief of @entity282 in 143 @entity1 after gynecologic exploratory laparotomy. The study was conducted at four centers using a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind format. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three study groups: group 1 @entity1 received two placebo patches: group 2 @entity1 received a 40-cm2 @entity3575 patch and a 60-cm2 placebo patch; and group 3 @entity1 received a 60-cm2 @entity3575 patch and a 40-cm2 placebo patch. @entity1 -controlled @entity1286 use and @entity158 , sedation, and comfort scores were assessed postoperatively every 4 h for 36 h after patch placement. RESULTS: @entity1 ' assessment of their analgesia was significantly (P < or = 0.05) better in group 2 at 16 and 24 h and in group 3 at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h postoperatively, compared with the @entity1 in group 1. @entity1 in groups 2 and 3 required less supplemental morphine to maintain satisfactory analgesia than did the @entity1 in group 1. @entity1 in groups 2 and 3 had greater incidences of @entity111 , erythema, and @entity1576 than did those receiving placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Concern exists regarding the side effects of this this new transdermal @entity3575 patch. Therefore, this new patch will need further research before it can be recommended as an adjunct in controlling @entity282 .

title: @entity282 control with a new transdermal XXXX delivery system. A multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of stereotactic radiotherapy for unresectable @entity157 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment outcome and @entity137 . @entity1 : During the period of 2000 to 2004, 16 @entity1 with @entity157 treated with stereotactic radiotherapy were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 16 @entity1 , 11 had assessable responses. For local control, there were two complete and three partial responses, five with stable disease and one with progressive disease, giving a local response rate of 45% and control rate of 91%. The median survival was 23 months. The 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates were 62% and 28%, respectively. The most frequent site of recurrence was intrahepatic but outside the irradiated field. Two @entity1 with @entity1 -Pugh B @entity82 developed @entity99 . No other grade 3/4 @entity137 were recorded. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiotherapy gives high local control rates and has the potential to prolong survival in @entity1 with @entity157 . It is safe and tolerable in @entity1 -Pugh A @entity1 .

title: Stereotactic radiotherapy for XXXX : report of a local single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-induced liver disease']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to map a neural network of emotion processing and to identify differences in major @entity308 compared to healthy controls. It is hypothesized that intentional perception of emotional faces activates connections between amygdala (Demir et al.), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and that frontal-amygdala connections are altered in @entity308 ( @entity308 ). METHODS: Fifteen medication-free @entity1 with @entity308 and fifteen healthy controls were enrolled. All subjects were assessed using the same face-matching functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) task, known to involve those areas. Brain activations were obtained using Statistical Parametric Mapping version 5 (SPM5) for data analysis and MARSBAR for extracting of fMRI time series. Then data was analyzed using @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ). RESULTS: A valid model was established for the left and the right hemispheres showing a circuit involving ACC, OFC, PFC and AMY. The left hemisphere shows significant lower connectivity strengths in @entity1 than controls, for the pathway that goes from AMY to the OF11, and a trend of higher connectivity in @entity1 for the path that goes from the PF9 to the OF11. In the right hemisphere, @entity1 show lower connectivity coefficients in the paths from the AMY to OF11, from the AMY to ACC, and from the ACC to PF9. By the contrary, controls show lower connectivity strengths for the path that goes from ACC to AMY. CONCLUSIONS: Functional disconnection between limbic and frontal brain regions could be demonstrated using @entity2383 . The interpretation of these findings could be that there is an emotional processing bias with disconnection bilaterally between amygdala to orbitofrontal cortices and in addition a right disconnection between amygdala and ACC as well as between ACC and prefrontal cortex possibly in line with a more prominent role for the right hemisphere in emotion processing.

title: Functional connectivity of emotional processing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural equation modeling', 'SEM']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Temporal patterns of plasma GH, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and @entity413 were defined by obtaining serial blood samples from freely-moving male @entity35 bearing chronic intracardiac venous cannulae. Blood was withdrawn every 15 min for periods of 6 h. Plasma GH and IRI were determined by radioimmunoassay. The typical ultradian rhythm of GH secretion was evident in each undisturbed animal (peaks greater than 200 ng/ml; troughs less than 1 ng/ml; mean period: 3.40 +/-0.08 h). Basal plasma IRI and @entity413 levels fluctuated minimally. There was no significant correlation between plasma GH and IRI, GH and @entity413 , or IRI and @entity413 levels in unfed @entity35 . The rhythmic GH secretory patterns of feeding animals (mean period: 3.12 +/-0.16 h; peaks greater than 200 ng/ml; troughs less than 1 ng/ml) were similar to those of non-feeding animals (mean period: 3.34 +/-0.15 h; peaks greater than 200 ng/ml; troughs less than 1 ng/ml) despite large fluctuations in plasma IRI levels and a wide variation in the number and size of the meals taken. No consistent relation was observed between the ingestion of meals and the bursts of GH secretion. The mean period of the GH rhythm was not significantly altered by @entity4854 (mean period; 3.25 +/- 0.08 h), although the amplitude of the pulses of half of the @entity1602 @entity35 was markedly depressed. Insulin-induced @entity4053 caused a significant @entity308 in the amplitude of the GH pulses; however, the pattern of this response was not consistent. Despite wide variability in the GH response, the magnitude and time course of recovery of the plasma @entity413 levels was similar in all animals. These results suggest that GH secretion in the @entity35 is regulated primarily by an endogenous ultradian rhythm which is not dependent on changes in plasma @entity413 or IRI levels, and continues to function independently of feeding behavior. It is unlikely that GH is an important physiologic regulator of @entity413 homeostasis in this species.

title: Ultradian growth hormone rhythm in the XXXX : effects of feeding, @entity4854 , and insulin-induced @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In order to characterize the beta-adrenoceptor subtype(s) mediating blood pressure and heart rate changes induced by @entity1425 and @entity452 , we compared the effects in healthy male volunteers of @entity1169 (5 mg i.v.) and of the @entity2161 selective antagonist @entity2179 (15 mg p.o.) on @entity1425 - and @entity452 -infusion induced changes in systolic (P(syst)) and diastolic blood pressure (P(diast)) and heart rate with those on blood pressure and heart rate (HR) changes induced by "pure" alpha- or beta-adrenoceptor agonists ( @entity2647 , selective alpha, @entity4183 , selective @entity2263 , @entity3044 , @entity2263 ). Both beta-adrenoceptor antagonists did not affect @entity2647 (0.25 -1.0 microgram/kg/min for 10 min) infusion induced P(syst)- and P(diast)-increases and HR-decreases. On the other hand, @entity1169 completely suppressed @entity4183 (25-150 ng/kg/min for 15 min) and @entity3044 (3.5-35 ng/kg/min for 8 min) infusion induced P(syst)- and HR-increases and P(diast)-decreases while @entity2179 significantly attenuated only @entity3044 -effects but had nearly no effect on @entity4183 effects. Thus, in these doses @entity2179 antagonized only @entity2161 mediated effects, @entity1169 both beta 1- and @entity2263 -adrenoceptor mediated effects, but both antagonists had no alpha-adrenoceptor antagonistic effects. @entity452 (1.0-6.0 micrograms/kg/min for 15 min) infusion significantly increased P(syst), but did not significantly affect P(diast) and HR; @entity2179 markedly reduced @entity452 -induced P(syst)-increase. In the presence of @entity1169 , however, @entity452 caused P(syst)- and P(diast)-increases and HR-decreases. @entity1425 (20-120 ng/kg/min for 15 min) infusion @entity299 and decreased P(diast). @entity2179 did not affect P(syst)- and HR-increases, but significantly attenuated P(diast)-decreases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The beta-adrenoceptor subtype(s) mediating @entity1425 - and XXXX -induced blood pressure and heart rate changes in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline', 'adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2161 :: ('153', 'Gene') :: ['beta 1-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['increased P(syst) and HR']

entities_list: @entity2263 :: ('10242', 'Gene') :: ['non-selective beta 1 and beta 2', 'beta 2']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol', 'Bisoprolol']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: In a study at a primary care centre in a predominantly rural area of Sweden the records of all @entity1 with @entity1374 were scrutinised and 2000 consecutive adult @entity1 screened with an immunoenzymometric thyroid stimulating hormone assay. The aims of the study were fourfold: firstly, to assess the total burden of @entity1374 in primary care centres in Sweden; secondly, to assess the efficacy of clinical diagnosis of the disease in unselected populations of @entity1 ; thirdly, to assess the efficacy of clinical evaluation of treatment with @entity1955 ; and, lastly, to see whether a single analysis of the serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration by recent methods would be enough to identify an abnormality of thyroid function. Of the roughly 17,400 adults in the study community, 111 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 were being treated for @entity1374 . Screening detected 68 @entity1 (3.5%) not receiving @entity1955 who had a serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration of 0.20 mU/l or less, all of whom were followed up clinically. Fifty of these @entity1 were also studied biochemically during follow up. Only nine of the 68 @entity1 had @entity1374 (three with @entity2743 requiring treatment), no evidence of the disease being found in the remainder. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity1375 requiring treatment, and neither these nor three @entity1 with @entity2743 had been detected at the preceding clinical examination. Of 35 @entity1 in whom @entity1374 was suspected clinically at screening, none had laboratory evidence of @entity1374 . In this series 1.3% of all @entity1 in the study community (2.6% of all 50-59 year olds) and 0.1% of the @entity1 were being treated for @entity1374 at the primary care centre, roughly 1.0% of adults subjected to screening were found to have @entity1374 requiring treatment, and most @entity1 with a thyroid stimulating hormone concentration of 0.20 mU/l or less did not have @entity1374 . It is concluded that measuring the basal serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration by present methods is insufficient for the biochemical assessment of @entity1374 in unselected populations.

title: Screening for XXXX in a primary care unit with a thyroid stimulating hormone assay with a low detection limit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid dysfunction', 'established thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid disease']


abstract: Forty-nine acromegalics and 57 controls matched for age and sex underwent colonoscopy. The control group consisted of @entity1 investigated because of atypical abdominal complaints compatible with @entity1744 or @entity1142 . The exclusion criteria for both groups included: age over 75 years, previous @entity694 , previous colonic surgery, @entity190 , @entity417 , previous abdominal radiation, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy or barium enema performed for any indication within 3 years prior to the present study. Colonoscopy was successful in reaching the cecum in 72 and 77% of the controls and acromegalics, respectively (p = NS). Eleven (22%) of 49 acromegalics had biopsy-proven @entity1586 versus only five (9%) of the control group (p < or = 0.05). @entity652 were found in three of the 11 acromegalics and in none of the controls. In five of these 11 @entity1 and in only one of the controls, at least one @entity652 was located in the right colon. In addition, acromegalics tended to have larger @entity652 . The group of acromegalics with and without @entity652 did not differ significantly in age or duration of active disease. In conclusion, the present study shows that acromegalic @entity1 have an increased risk of developing @entity1586 .

title: Increased prevalence of XXXX in @entity1 with acromegaly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['rectal blood loss']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps or cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenomas']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic adenomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 156 Background: @entity0 is the leading cause of attention at the INCan. In 2012, 44,761 medical consults were given therefore 19,584 (44%) of those by @entity0 oncologists. The increasing percentage of @entity1 could be associated with a quality attention deficit, crowded waiting room and a shorter time for consultations affecting @entity1 communication and education. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality attention given by @entity0 service with the purpose to design different strategies in order to improve quality and cordiality with our @entity1 . METHODS: Self-response surveys had been applied to @entity1 with @entity0 at INCan. The variables investigated were demographic characteristics including age, education level, marital status and date of diagnosis. Also variables related with the quality of our medical and paramedical attention, global care support and the waiting time before consultations were asked. RESULTS: 259 @entity1 were interviewed, the median age was 50 years old (17-88), only 18% of them achieved university degree and 28.7% had less than elementary education. One third of our population lived in Mexico City; the rest of them came from different states from the center and south of the country. The waiting time in average was 2 hours (10 min -7 hours). Regarding to attention quality, 28% considered that waiting time should be shorter, 22% answered that doctor- @entity1 relationship needs to improve. In this aspect, the main aspects to improve are: give information in detail including the @entity1 and their relatives; a better explanation about their disease and treatment and also information about diet and physical activity, among others is needed. Finally, 9.3% suggested improvement in nursery service. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that our effort is satisfactory. However our main goal is to improve our medical assistance. It has been proven that @entity1 education and higher satisfaction level improves their adherence and the knowledge related to handle adverse effects of their treatment. Our proposals include psycological-educative strategies easy to understand. Enhance medical services to improve physician- @entity1 relationship. We will keep looking forward about the efficiency of these strategies.

title: Satisfaction evaluation of medical attention at XXXX service at National Cancer Institute Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We considered @entity3088 and @entity16377 in a network of multicentric Italian case-control studies including about 10,000 incident, histologically confirmed cases of selected @entity5 and over 16,000 controls. @entity8604 ( @entity8604 ) for the highest vs. the lowest quintile of 6 classes of @entity3088 and @entity16377 were estimated by multiple logistic regression models. Total @entity3088 , @entity16287 , and @entity4213 were inversely related to @entity5 ( @entity8604 , respectively 0.56 and 0.60 for total @entity3088 ; 0.51 and 0.60 for @entity16287 ; and 0.62 and 0.32 for @entity4213 ). @entity15358 were also inversely related to @entity5 (OR = 0.64), whereas @entity16287 were inversely related to @entity418 (OR = 0.38). A reduced risk of @entity14 was found for high intake of @entity4211 (OR = 0.67), @entity4213 (OR = 0.64), @entity4212 (OR = 0.78), and @entity6400 (OR = 0.76). Inverse relations with @entity0 were found for @entity4212 (OR = 0.81) and @entity4213 (OR = 0.80). @entity4213 (OR = 0.63) and @entity6400 (OR = 0.51) were inversely associated to @entity43 , whereas @entity4213 (OR = 0.69) and @entity4212 (OR = 0.68) were inversely associated to @entity703 . No association between @entity3088 and @entity263 emerged. We found inverse associations between @entity16377 and @entity14 . These associations appeared stronger for @entity16377 with a higher degree of polymerization (OR = 0.69 for >=  10 mers).

title: @entity3088 , XXXX , and @entity5 risk: a network of case-control studies from Italy.

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancers', 'oral and laryngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity4212 :: ('MESH:D047309', 'Chemical') :: ['flavones']

entities_list: @entity8604 :: ('MESH:C566076', 'Disease') :: ['ORs', 'Odds ratios']

entities_list: @entity4213 :: ('MESH:D044948', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonols', 'Flavonols']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity16287 :: ('MESH:D044950', 'Chemical') :: ['flavanones']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity15358 :: ('CHEBI:72010', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavanols']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity16377 :: (MESH:D044945,Chemical) :: ['proanthocyanidins']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic mammoplasty with frozen section in achieving negative surgical margins in a single-stage surgery for @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 affected by early stage @entity0 treated by therapeutic mammaplasties were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Fifty-two therapeutic mammaplasties were accomplished. After resection the specimen was sent to pathologist for examination with frozen section. Tumour positive margins were defined as presence of cancerous cells at  <= 2 mm from the edge of the specimen. In case of positive margins a second large re-excision was accomplished intra-operatively. All @entity1 were followed every 4 months for the first 2 years and twice a year subsequently. RESULTS: Fifty-two procedures were evaluated (median follow-up of 72.6 months). The overall survival rate was 98% we had a single case of @entity13177 (1.9%) that progressed to @entity3 and @entity1 's @entity204 . Frozen section as a diagnostic tool for identification of positive margins has been tested. In conclusion we report a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.93; the predictive positive value was 0.62 and the negative predictive value was 0.97, for a final accuracy of 0.94. CONCLUSION: Frozen section coupled to oncoplastic resections allows a proper control of @entity66 and can minimize any second surgical look for margins revision.

title: Therapeutic mammaplasties: full local control of XXXX in one surgical stage with frozen section.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity13177 :: ('MESH:D009364', 'Disease') :: ['local recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac @entity3085 frequently accompanies the progression of @entity712 despite the use of effective therapies for left @entity67 . Activation of the sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity353 , but the effects of sympathetic antagonism on @entity3085 are not well defined. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated changes in body weight in 2289 @entity1 with @entity712 who had dyspnoea at rest or on minimal exertion and a left ventricular ejection fraction <25%. @entity1 were randomly assigned (double-blind) to receive either placebo (n  =  1133) or @entity1405 (n  =  1156) and were followed for the occurrence of major clinical events for up to 29  months (COPERNICUS trial). @entity1 were not enrolled if they had signs of clinically significant @entity6112 due to @entity712 . RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity1405 group were 33% less likely than @entity1 in the placebo group to experience a further significant loss of weight (>6%) (95% confidence interval: 14-48%, P  =  0.002) and were 37% more likely to experience a significant gain in weight (>= 5%) (95% confidence interval: 12-66%, P  =  0.002). @entity1405 's ability to prevent @entity353 was most marked in @entity1 with increased body mass index at baseline, whereas its ability to promote @entity1017 was most marked in @entity1 with decreased body mass index at baseline. Increases in weight were not accompanied by evidence of @entity6112 . Baseline values for body mass index and change in body weight were significant predictors of survival regardless of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1405 attenuated the development and promoted a partial reversal of @entity3085 in @entity1 with severe @entity712 , supporting a role for prolonged sympathetic activation in the genesis of @entity353 .

title: Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity1405 on @entity3085 in severe XXXX : results from the COPERNICUS trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['fluid retention']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol', 'Carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether @entity543 predicts @entity64 after noncardiac surgery remains unknown. We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that degree of @entity543 is associated with in-hospital @entity64 or 30-day all-cause mortality after noncardiac surgery. As @entity543 is also a marker for @entity65 , our secondary hypothesis was that degree of @entity543 is associated with postoperative @entity296 . METHODS: We included adults who had noncardiac, noncarotid surgery at Cleveland Clinic from 2007 to 2011 and had carotid duplex ultrasound performed either within 6 months before or 1 month after surgery. Internal @entity2998 peak systolic velocity (ICA PSV) was used as a measure of @entity543 severity. A multivariate (i.e., multiple outcomes per @entity1 ) generalized estimating equation model was used to assess the association between highest ICA PSV and the composite of @entity64 and 30-day mortality after adjusting for predefined potentially confounding variables. RESULTS: Of 2,110 @entity1 included, 112 (5.3%) died within 30 days and 54 (2.6%) suffered @entity64 . ICA PSV was not associated with this composite outcome (odds ratio of 1.0 [95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.02] for a 10-unit increase, P = 0.55). ICA PSV was also not associated with postoperative @entity296 (odds ratio 1.00 [0.99, 1.02], P = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: This cohort represents a high-risk population, as carotid duplex examinations were likely prompted by neurological symptoms. There was nonetheless no association between @entity543 and perioperative @entity64 or 30-day mortality after noncardiac surgery.

title: Lack of Association between Carotid Artery Stenosis and @entity64 or XXXX after Noncardiac Surgery in High-risk @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative in-hospital stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Injury']


abstract: We report a 75-year-old male with @entity189 in an extrathyroid area. Thyroid remained unchanged. The @entity1 is alive without incident of @entity5 recurrence at 3.5 years after total resection and at 5 years after initial symptom. The @entity5 developed between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and common carotid artery, and was completely separated from the thyroid. The @entity5 location was consistent with a @entity12743 . The @entity5 consisted of two parts; an upper solid @entity5 and a deep @entity5 . The former showed @entity189 with @entity7468 . The latter was consistent with @entity3557 . The center was intermingled with these two @entity189 . @entity189 cells were positive for @entity2277 and @entity1377 cells were positive for keratin, @entity3745 , and @entity7457 . These results remain insufficient to find any conclusions concerning the @entity5 nature; either @entity259 arising from a @entity12743 or occult @entity259 metastasis. This is rare case in which thyroid @entity189 transformed from @entity1377 in an extrathyroid area.

title: Thyroid @entity189 transformed from XXXX in extrathyroid area.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclast-like giant cells']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'Anaplastic carcinoma', 'anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12743 :: ('MESH:D001935', 'Disease') :: ['branchial cyst']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2753 , usually attributed to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, typically occurs in a delayed fashion following transsphenoidal removal of a @entity977 . In a series of 99 consecutive @entity1 who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for @entity977 , nine @entity1 developed delayed @entity2753 , seven of whom were symptomatic. Of these seven @entity1 , four had been discharged from the hospital and required readmission on postoperative Day 7 to 9. In the nine @entity1 who developed @entity2753 , on the average, serum @entity1372 levels began to fall on Day 4 and reached a nadir on Day 7 (mean serum @entity1372 nadir 123 mmol/L). The development of delayed @entity2753 was associated with the presence of a macroadenoma in eight of the nine @entity1 . Seven of the nine patients had serum @entity1372 levels less than 130 mmol/L and required treatment. One @entity1 was treated with fluid restriction alone and six were treated with both fluid restriction and intravenous urea therapy. Twenty-four and 48 hours after urea administration, serum @entity1372 levels rose by an average of 6 and 10 mmol/L, respectively, and at discharge, levels averaged 136 mmol/L. Intravenous administration of @entity1133 provides a rapid yet safe means of correcting symptomatic @entity2753 when fluid restriction alone is inadequate. In this article, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of delayed @entity2753 .

title: Delayed XXXX after transsphenoidal surgery for @entity977 . Report of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['hyponatremia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To analyze geriatric @entity1 with @entity174 treated either with @entity2003 (CO) or surgery (Odontoid Screw or Transarticular screw). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Our literature search did not yield any studies on the outcome of @entity174 in geriatric population treated with the rigid CO. We therefore designed a study to analyze geriatric @entity1 with @entity174 treated with either rigid cervical collar or surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of @entity1 with @entity174 between July 1998 and June 2006. Inclusion criteria consists of males and females of 70 years of age or older with @entity174 who were treated with rigid cervical collar or surgery. Exclusion criteria were displacement >4 mm, posteriorly displaced @entity174 , @entity16 , multilevel cervical @entity130 , and treatment in a halo vest. Medical comorbidities were assessed using the Modified Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics. Primary outcomes were mortality and fusion (union, stable nonunion, nonunion). Minimum of 3 months follow-up was acceptable. RESULTS: One hundred eighty four odontoid @entity174 were identified in 8 years. Twenty @entity1 met our inclusion criteria (9 treated in rigid collar and 11 treated surgically). Median follow-up was 5.5 months. Out of 20 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 died (1 treated in CO, 3 treated surgically). Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics index was highest in @entity1 treated in CO. In the rigid collar group, 6 @entity1 had union (66.6%), and 2 developed stable nonunion (22.2%); whereas in the surgically treated group, 7 @entity1 had union (87.5%), and 1 @entity1 developed nonunion (12.5%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated nonoperatively in rigid collar seem to have an overall favorable outcome. A well-designed prospective study, to compare the outcomes of surgical intervention with nonsurgical management of Type II odontoid in elderly is recommended.

title: Management of XXXX in the geriatric population: outcome of treatment in a @entity2003 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid cervical orthosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'Type II odontoid fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic compromise']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['type II odontoid fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assessing the effectiveness and safety of natalizumab for treating relapsing-remitting @entity15 in a tertiary hospital. METHOD: Observational, prospective study of adult @entity1 treated with natalizumab from May 2007 until February 2009. TREATMENT: 300 mg natalizumab every four weeks. Response criteria: assessment of disease progression, appearance of flare-ups and assessment of magnetic resonance images. Adverse reactions during treatment with natalizumab were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 (73% female); average age 34    8.4 years; mean baseline EDSS 3.4    1.3; number of flare-ups in the past year 2.1    1.2. TREATMENT was discontinued in five @entity1 , due to refusal in one case, ineffectiveness in two cases and anaphylaxis in the other two cases. Fourteen @entity1 completed one year of treatment with satisfactory results. A lower EDSS score by 36%, 47%, 31%, 54% and 28% was obtained at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months of treatment respectively. The prevalence of relapse-free @entity1 was 94%, 76% and 54% at 3, 6 and 12 months. MRI imaging studies in 11 @entity1 one year after they began treatment showed no new lesions. Two @entity1 suffered severe @entity2021 shock and another one had an outbreak of @entity110 . The presence of neutralising antibodies was the reason for suspending treatment in 6.6% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The treatment's effectiveness and safety in our @entity1 group suggest that natalizumab is a treatment for refractory @entity1 or those with aggressive types of @entity15 , although we do not yet know about its long-term effects and the evolution of the appearance of neutralising antibodies.

title: Assessment of the effectiveness and safety of natalizumab for treating relapsing-remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylactic']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: To identify cytogenetic features of large cell @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ), we selected in 11 @entity1 , 16 samples either from @entity1489 (13), lymph node (1), or peripheral blood cells (2) collected at the time of the transformation. @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ), G-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), multicolour FISH (mFISH), and DNA content analysis were used. Fifteen samples displayed unbalanced @entity8625 profiles, with gains more frequently observed than losses. Recurrent chromosomal alterations were observed for chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 9, 17, and 19. The most common imbalances were gain of chromosome regions 1p36, 7, 9q34, 17q24-qter, 19, and loss of 2q36-qter, 9p21, and 17p. In six samples 1p36-pter gain was associated with 9q34-qter gain and whole chromosome 19 gain. In five of these samples whole or @entity1017 was also observed. No specific pattern was seen with regard to the expression of the @entity5823 antigen by @entity5 cells. Cytogenetics and/or DNA content analysis of @entity1489 cells revealed an abnormal chromosome number in all tested cases (n = 7) with DNA ploidy ranging from @entity981 (2.78) to hypotetraploid (3.69) (mean 3.14+/-0.38). Thus, @entity4888 displayed frequent chromosomal imbalances associated with hypotetraploidy.

title: Common chromosomal abnormalities in XXXX transformation.

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['T-MF', 'transformation in mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor', 'skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['partial gain of chromosome 17']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['CGH', 'Comparative genomic hybridization']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: @entity164 ( @entity164 ) switching in homothallic (h90) strains of @entity6739 is initiated by a DNA double-strand break (DSB) at the distal end of the expression cassette mat1. The cis-acting smt-s1 mutation C13-P11 reduces the frequency of @entity164 switching. It is a small deletion mapping approximately 50 bp distal to the site of the DSB. From the h90 smt-s1 strain we isolated 13 mutants with a hyperspeckled @entity1496 reaction. In these mutants the frequency of @entity164 switching is increased. The mutations define nine different hsp genes, none of which maps in or close to the @entity164 region. We tested one mutant of each gene for the presence of DSBs at mat1. Curiously, in none of the h90 smt-s1 hsp strains could DSBs be detected, although some sporulate nearly as efficiently as the h90 smt-n wild type. The hsp mutations show no effect in smt-0 strains; the smt-0 deletion abolishes @entity164 switching completely. Furthermore, we tested the interaction of hsp1-1 with swi1, swi2 and swi7 mutations. hsp1-1 has no effect in swi2 strains, whereas it increases @entity164 switching in swi7 and, to a lesser degree, in swi1 mutants.

title: Hyperspeckled mutants of XXXX : frequent mating-type switching without detectable double-strand breaks.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['MT', 'Mating-type']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']


abstract: The present study analyses 70 consecutive @entity1 who were operatively treated for a @entity397 , the mean follow-up time being 6 years (range 3-8). The injury was sustained in 70% of the cases during sport exercise. Direct suturation was applied in 18 cases and various types of tenoplasty in 52 cases. Postoperative plaster immobilization after surgery lasted 6-8 weeks. The median sick leave was 57 days, 70% of the sick leaves ranging from 1 to 3 months. At the follow-up, 48 @entity1 showed excellent results (as good as before the accident), 20 good (no distress other than when running), and two fair (distress while walking). Statistically, the operative techniques did not differ from one another with regard to the final clinical result. The injured Achilles tendon was found to have increased thickness and the girth of the @entity291 to have decreased in thickness, both at a statistically highly significant level (P less than 0.001). The plantar flexion of the ankle was limited at a statistically significant level (P less than 0.01). The location of the scar did not influence the final clinical result. Recurrence of the @entity397 was experienced in two cases, this being doe to another accident. The authors recommend that ruptured Achilles tendons should be operatively treated at the acute stage.

title: Surgical repair of subcutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'rupture of the Achilles tendon']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of the Achilles tendon']