abstract: The mechanism of @entity2275 in @entity35 with @entity3883 was investigated in terms of the changes in the gastric mucosal blood flow, and the effect of vagotomy on @entity1066 was examined. 188 @entity35 weighing about 250 g were prepared and divided into 4 groups as follows; control group (sham operation), @entity1087 group (ligation of the bile duct), vagotomized group (vagotomy with pyloroplasty), @entity1087 and vagotomized group (simultaneous ligation of the bile duct and vagotomy with pyloroplasty). Two weeks after the operation, water immersion and restraint stress procedures were performed in these 4 groups. The gravity of @entity2275 was calculated by @entity1066 index. The gastric mucosal blood flow was measured by @entity3884 clearance technique. The following results were obtained: In control group, @entity1066 index was @entity101 flow was decreased after the stress procedures. The @entity1087 group showed significantly higher @entity1066 index and early significant @entity551 flow after the stress procedures compared to the control group. The vagotomized group showed significantly decreased @entity1066 index after the stress procedures compared to the control group, however, the gastric mucosal blood flow showed almost the same values as the control group. The @entity1087 and vagotomized group showed significant decrease of @entity1066 index and improvement of @entity551 flow compared to the @entity1087 group. These results indicated that the gastric mucosal blood flow plays an important role in the occurrence of @entity2275 in @entity35 with @entity3883 , and vagotomy might be useful to prevent them by maintaining gastric blood flow in @entity3883 .

title: Acute @entity2275 in XXXX with @entity3883 with special reference to gastric mucosal blood flow.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased and gastric mucosal blood']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of gastric mucosal blood']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastric ulcerations', 'acute gastric ulceration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity952 may result in sleep problems, oxidative stress and an altered inflammatory response. These symptoms may contribute to @entity1726 pathogenesis, despite a lack of direct experimental evidence supporting this relationship. Clock genes are essential to drive and maintain circadian rhythm. To elucidate the possible role of circadian disruptions in @entity1726 , we investigated 132 tag variants in eight clock genes. We genotyped these tags within 1,394 Chinese cases and 1,342 controls using Illumina GoldenGate chips. We discovered that SNPs in @entity8713 ( @entity8714 , P   =   3.33   *   10(-5), OR   =   0.80) and @entity307 ( @entity8715 , P   =   5.30   *   10(-6), OR   =   1.31) genes are significantly associated with @entity1726 risk. Moreover, the positive association of the @entity8713 @entity8714 variant was more robust in @entity400 ( @entity400 ) (P   =   3.44   *   10(-4)) than postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) cases (P   =   6.06   *   10(-2)). The association of the @entity307 @entity8715 variant was more robust in PIGD (P   =   5.42   *   10(-5)) than @entity400 cases (P   =   4.2   *   10(-2)). Haplotype analysis also showed that @entity8713 and @entity307 were associated with @entity1726 . Imputation analysis identified more SNPs within @entity8713 and @entity307 associated with @entity1726 , some of which may affect gene expression through altering the transcription factor binding site. In summary, our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in @entity8713 and @entity307 genes, as well as circadian disruptions, may contribute to @entity1726 pathogenesis.

title: Association of @entity8713 and XXXX genes with Parkinson's disease: a case-control study of Han Chinese.

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['tremor dominant', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['Circadian disruptions']

answer: @entity307 :: (5187,Gene) :: ['PER1']


abstract: As nonmarital childbearing escalated in the United States over the past half century, @entity2100 --defined as unmarried couples with @entity1 --drew increased interest from researchers and policy makers. @entity25136 McLanahan and Audrey Beck discuss four aspects of parental relationships in these families: the quality of parents' intimate relationship, the stability of that relationship, the quality of the co-parenting relationship among parents who live apart, and nonresident fathers' involvement with their @entity1 . At the time of their @entity1 's birth, half of the parents in @entity2100 are living together and another third are living apart but romantically involved. Despite high hopes at birth, five years later only a third of parents are still together, and new partners and new @entity1 are common, leading to high levels of instability and complexity in these families. Drawing on findings from the Fragile Families and @entity1 Wellbeing Study, McLanahan and Beck highlight a number of predictors of low relationship quality and stability in these families, including low economic resources, government policies that discourage marriage, gender distrust and acceptance of single motherhood, sex ratios that favor @entity1 , @entity1 from previous unions, and psychological factors that make it difficult for parents to maintain healthy relationships. No single factor appears to have a dominant effect. The authors next discuss two types of experiments that attempt to establish causal effects on parental relationships: those aimed at altering economic resources and those aimed at improving relationships. What can be done to strengthen parental relationships in @entity2100 ? The authors note that although economic resources are a consistent predictor of stable relationships, researchers and policy makers lack good causal information on whether increasing fathers' employment and earnings will increase relationship quality and union stability. They also note that analysts need to know more about whether relationship quality in @entity2100 can be improved directly and whether doing so will increase union stability, father involvement, and co-parenting quality.

title: Parental relationships in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile families']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile families']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study is to access the surgical management of the @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: It was a retrospective study including 96 cases of @entity263 between June 2002 and December 2004. Parameters studied for every @entity1 was: age, the complaints, results of rectal digital examination, the initial TPSA rate, gleason score, results of extension, the clinical grade according to TNM 2002 classification, the treatment and the future of treated @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean age of our @entity1 was 70.9 years with extremes of 50 years and 93 years. The complaints at presentation were dominated by prostatism (43.5%) and urine retention (37.7%). At rectal digital examination, the prostate was suspicious of @entity5 in 42.7%. The majority of our @entity1 (79.8%) had a TPSA rate superior to 20 ng/ml. The examination revealed that the @entity5 was an @entity420 in all @entity1 . The majority of our @entity1 (50.3%) had a gleason score inferior to 7. The extension outcome revealed: a loco-regional extension in 63 @entity1 , dorso-lombar bone metastases in 19 @entity1 and absence of secondary localisation in 14 @entity1 . The repartition of @entity1 according TNM classification was as following: T1 (1%), T2 (14.6%), T3 (18.8%) and T4 (65.6%). The @entity1 were managed as following: bladder neck resection (surgically or endoscopically), pulpectomy and radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSION: To ameliorate the @entity263 management, the highlights of radical prostatectomy is imperative as the spreading of endoscopic surgery in the place of opening surgery.

title: [Surgical treatment place in the management of XXXX : report of 96 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the CT imaging findings of recurrent @entity3620 in @entity1 who underwent debulking surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The history, clinical and laboratory data, and imaging studies of 13 @entity1 with histologically proven diagnosis of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) and their recurrence following cytoreductive surgery were reviewed. CT studies were reviewed for presence of @entity843 , peritoneal, mesenteric and omental involvement, presence of solid abdominal viscera involvement, gastrointestinal involvement, presence and location of enlarged lymph nodes and extra abdominal sites of involvement. RESULTS: The most common finding at recurrence was @entity843 (n = 6). Peritoneal thickening was seen in five @entity1 , infiltration of the peritoneum resembling omental caking was seen in one @entity1 , and low density implants mimicking @entity1725 was seen in another @entity1 . None of the peritoneal implants showed @entity730 . Three @entity1 had large discrete soft tissue masses in the omentum and/or peritoneum. Multifocal serosal implants were seen in four @entity1 ; one had low grade @entity1744 which was managed conservatively. Three @entity1 had evidence of @entity66 seen as soft tissue pericardial mass and @entity3483 . CONCLUSION: CT findings of recurrent @entity3620 resemble primary @entity3620 , metastatic or @entity738 . Radiologist should be aware of its appearance and forms of recurrence which may be seen at extra abdominal sites.

title: Recurrent XXXX : radiological manifestations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma', 'malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine the identities and characteristics of proteins with molecular masses between 40 and 44 kDa whose @entity669 phosphorylation increases in @entity1 neutrophils following stimulation of these cells with @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). Immunoblotting results demonstrate that addition of @entity2841 to @entity1 neutrophils increases the @entity669 phosphorylation of two proteins with molecular masses of 42 and 44 kDa. However, the addition of @entity310 to neutrophils induces a time- and dose-dependent increase in @entity669 phosphorylation of a 40 kDa protein. Immunoprecipitation using specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoform antibodies and an antibody which recognizes @entity10393 -containing proteins demonstrated that the 42 and 44 kDa proteins are isoforms of MAPKs. Utilizing an in situ gel kinase activity assay, @entity2841 increases the kinase activity of the 42 and 44 kDa proteins. Moreover, using immunoprecipitated @entity3903 and @entity12206 isoforms in this gel assay revealed activity associated with the @entity3903 and @entity12206 isoforms. Using the same in situ assay, @entity310 induces an increase in kinase activity of a 40-42 kDa protein. However, the 40 kDa protein whose phosphorylation on @entity669 residues increased in @entity1 neutrophils following stimulation with @entity310 is not a member of the known MAPK family, demonstrating the divergences in pathways utilized by @entity2841 and @entity310 . This 40 kDa protein may be related to the recently identified protein that becomes phosphorylated on @entity669 residues upon stimulation of the @entity1 @entity189 cell line KB by @entity1192 . In these cells the @entity4666 protein is part of a protein kinase cascade which results in the phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein, @entity2284 .

title: Effects of @entity2841 and XXXX necrosis factor-alpha on @entity669 phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in @entity1 neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Intravenous @entity11959 and @entity3303 were administered to 25 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1165 in a randomized single-blind crossover study. Prior to drug therapy, each @entity1 underwent 48 hours of ambulatory monitoring and exercise testing on a motorized treadmill. At the completion of baseline studies, @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity3303 or @entity11959 intravenously. The dose of @entity3303 was 1.0 mg/kg by bolus followed by an infusion of 2 to 3 mg/min. The dose of @entity11959 was 2.0 mg/kg followed by a constant infusion of 200 to 300 mg over 24 hours. Two @entity1 developed side effects on @entity3303 and the infusion was discontinued prior to evaluation of efficacy. Of the remaining 23 @entity1 , 11 (48%) had their @entity943 controlled, defined as a greater than 90% reduction in repetitive forms (couplets and @entity1165 ) and a 50% reduction in ventricular premature beats. @entity11959 was effective in 8 of the 25 @entity1 (32%). There was no correlation between the effect of @entity3303 and the response to @entity11959 (p = NS). Oral @entity11959 therapy was administered to 17 @entity1 who were free of side effects during the intravenous infusion. The oral drug was effective in nine @entity1 (53%), five of whom had responded to the intravenous drug, and was ineffective in eight, seven of whom were also unresponsive to intravenous @entity11959 . The intravenous drug predicted the response to the oral form in 71% of @entity1 , but this was not statistically significant. Side effects occurred in 10 @entity1 (59%) and were primarily neurologic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intravenous @entity11959 for symptomatic @entity1165 : comparison with @entity3303 and oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity11959 :: ('MESH:C015970', 'Chemical') :: ['Lorcainide', 'lorcainide']

answer: @entity11959 :: (MESH:C015970,Chemical) :: ['lorcainide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This post-hoc analysis examined time to recovery in @entity1 with @entity4512 following @entity4829 extended release (CER; AMRIX(  ), Cephalon, Inc., Frazer, PA, USA), @entity4829 immediate release (CIR; Flexeril(  ), Pliva, Pomona, NY, USA), or placebo administration. METHODS: Data were pooled from two identically designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies. Adults with acute, painful @entity2473 were randomized to once-daily CER 15 mg, once-daily CER 30 mg, three-times-daily CIR 10 mg, or placebo for 14 days. Efficacy assessments were time to first rating of "a lot" or "complete" relief from @entity158 or restriction of movement and @entity1 -rated medication helpfulness. RESULTS: A total of 504 @entity1 were randomized, and 330 (65.5%) completed the studies. Median times to "a lot" or "complete" relief from @entity158 were faster with CER 15 mg (6 days, P=0.016), CER 30 mg (5 days, P=0.002), and CIR (5 days, P=0.002) versus placebo (8 days). Time to "a lot" or "complete" relief from restriction of movement was faster with CER 30 mg (5 days, P=0.004) and CIR (5 days, P=0.009) versus placebo (7 days). Median times to "very good" or "excellent" medication helpfulness were 10 days (CER 15 mg, P=0.020), 8 days (CER 30 mg, P=0.004), and 7 days (CIR, P<0.001) versus >14 days (placebo). @entity2133 , @entity1142 , @entity1296 , @entity10 , and @entity2147 were the most commonly reported adverse events. @entity2147 rates were lower with CER 15 mg (0.8%, P=0.008) and CER 30 mg (1.6%, P=0.028) versus CIR (7.3%). CONCLUSION: Relief from @entity158 and restriction of movement occurred sooner with CER and CIR than placebo. CER was associated with less @entity2147 than CIR.

title: Time to recovery in XXXX with @entity4512 treated with extended-release or immediate-release @entity4829 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions']

entities_list: @entity4829 :: ('MESH:C004704', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclobenzaprine']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence', 'Somnolence']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['local muscle spasm']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety and efficacy of a novel regimen of transdermal @entity172 and vaginally administered @entity1420 for treatment of menopausal symptoms. STUDY METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of menopausal @entity1 aged 46-65, using an @entity53 patch and vaginally administered prometrium for at least 1 year. Available transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) measurements of endometrial thickness and endometrial biopsy results after at least 1 year of treatment were collated. Symptom relief, @entity548 and side effects were reviewed. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 were identified, using an @entity172 patch ranging from 25 to 100    g twice weekly and vaginal prometrium either continuously 3-5 days weekly (36 @entity1 ), or sequentially 12 days/month (5 @entity1 ). Seventeen @entity1 were lost to follow-up or discontinued therapy within 1 year. Only 23.5% (4/17 @entity1 ) of @entity1 who had a TVUS after 1 year (or sooner if @entity548 occurred) had a thickened endometrial lining on ultrasound (>5   mm), and all of these had normal endometrial biopsies. By 1 year of follow-up, 91.7% of @entity1 were amenorrhoeic. All @entity1 had relief of menopausal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal administration of @entity1420 as part of combined @entity172 plus @entity1871 therapy has the potential for decreasing side effects while maintaining endometrial safety and @entity4999 . Larger prospective trials are warranted.

title: A novel regimen of combination transdermal @entity172 and intermittent vaginally administered XXXX for relief of menopausal symptoms.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Several drugs used in the treatment of @entity101 have been shown to affect lipid metabolism. A few studies have examined in detail the effects of @entity460 antagonists on blood lipids. We investigated the effects of @entity594 and @entity9805 on blood lipids using two experimental protocols. The first study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the effects of acute oral administration of @entity594 10 mg on blood lipids in 10 @entity1 (9 males, 1 female; age range 26-50 years) with mild @entity2298 . Serum @entity1674 were not significantly affected (from 310 +/- 120 to 280 +/- 110 mg/dl 2 h after @entity594 ) but a slight decrease was observed in @entity1 with higher baseline levels. In the second study, an intravenous fat tolerance test (ivFTT, Intralipid 10%, 1 ml/kg body weight, as a bolus) was performed before and after chronic oral administration of @entity9805 10 mg b.i.d. in 10 mild to moderate @entity101 @entity1 (7 males, 3 females; age range 40-60 years). After @entity9805 treatment, the fractional removal rate (K2) of the lipid emulsion was significantly increased from 3.1 +/- 0.9 to 3.8 +/- 0.9% min (p less than 0.05). The main findings of these studies suggest that the secretion of lipoprotein lipase might be stimulated by @entity460 antagonists. Alternatively, the vasodilation produced by these compounds may influence @entity412 removal by expanding the capillary bed where the enzyme exerts its activity. In conclusion, @entity460 antagonists do not seem to cause unwanted side effects on blood lipids and apparently enhance @entity412 removal.

title: Acute and chronic effects of dihydropyridines on @entity1674 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: AIM: No previous studies have evaluated the long-term anti- @entity731 effects of @entity12098 in Asian @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Therefore, the present study investigated the protective effects of @entity12098 on the progression of carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ), an established surrogate marker of cardiovascular events in Japanese @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 without a recent history of @entity65 . METHODS: This 2.5-4-year, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint study was conducted in 6 centers across Japan. @entity1 received @entity12098 with or without other oral @entity413 -lowering drugs (excluding another @entity12585 ) (n=89) or oral @entity413 -lowering drugs, excluding @entity12721 (n=97). Treatment was adjusted to achieve HbA(1c) <6.5%. The primary endpoints of the study were the absolute changes from the baseline to final visit in max- and mean- @entity121 in the average of bilateral common carotid arteries. RESULTS: @entity12098 induced carotid @entity121 regression compared to baseline measurements (from 1.060    0.2368 to 0.992    0.1921 mm; p=0.0042 in max- @entity121 and from 0.839    0.1873 to 0.780    0.1571 mm; p=0.0019 in mean- @entity121 ). Although the between-group difference did not reach statistical significance, the regression of carotid @entity121 values was greater in the @entity12098 -treatment group than in the non- @entity12098 group, (max- @entity121 : -0.069    0.2199 mm vs -0.031    0.2327 mm, respectively; p=NS, mean- @entity121 : -0.058    0.1718 mm vs -0.043    0.1644 mm, respectively; p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: @entity12098 induced and maintained the long-term regression of carotid @entity121 in Japanese @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . This suggests that @entity12098 may inhibit the progression of @entity731 in this @entity1 group. Further studies are required to verify these findings.

title: Long-term effects of @entity12098 on carotid @entity731 in Japanese @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 without a recent history of macrovascular morbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity788 is a very rare and aggressive @entity788 . A case of @entity788 presenting as a @entity5409 and in association with a @entity12679 presents a unique case which has not been described before. CASE PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old alcoholic @entity1 presented with @entity490 , @entity391 , and @entity353 . Initially, imaging suspected a @entity9007 measuring 4.2 cm. Endoscopic ultrasound- (EUS-) guided fine-needle aspiration revealed a @entity12679 . With conservative intervention only (fluid resuscitation, @entity1337 , and antiemetics) the @entity1 improved and was discharged under close observation. Follow-up scan at four months revealed minimal change. Three months later, he was admitted acutely. Repeat scans demonstrated mild @entity1283 with new @entity409 . Laparoscopic biopsy revealed @entity7468 with the organ of origin the pancreas. CONCLUSION: This unusual case highlights the challenges in managing @entity660 and emphasizes the importance of considering less common forms of pancreatic cystic masses when the findings are atypical for the presentation. Surgical excision in these cases over conservative steps may be the most appropriate management.

title: @entity7468 with hepatic metastases--initially presenting as a benign XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasm', 'pleomorphic giant cell pancreatic cancer', 'Pleomorphic giant cell pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cyst enlargement']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity12679 :: ('MESH:D018293', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenoma']

answer: @entity12679 :: (MESH:D018293,Disease) :: ['serous cystadenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: How to decide the proper time to do laparotomies for @entity697 @entity1 is sometimes very difficult, especially in areas with no imaging diagnostic tools. The Alvarado scoring system (ASS) is a convenient and inexpensive decision making tool; however, its accuracy needs to be improved. The decision tree is the most frequently used data mining technology for diagnostic model building. This study used a decision tree to modify the ASS and to prioritize the variables. METHODS: We collected 532 @entity1 who underwent appendectomy. @entity1 who had undergone incidental appendectomy were excluded from the study. The decision tree algorithm was constructed with the data mining workbench Clementine version 8.1. It is a top-down algorithm designed to generate a decision tree model with entropy. The algorithm chooses the best decision node with which to separate different classes from empirical data. The Wilcoxon signed rank test, Student t test and chi(2) test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among the 532 @entity1 recruited into the study, 420 had @entity697 and 112 had normal appendix. @entity1 with @entity697 were older than their male counterparts (p < 0.001). All @entity1 had right lower quadrant tenderness. The new model was constructed with decision tree technology, and the accuracy of the diagnostic rate was better than that of ASS (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the new model were 0.945 and 0.805, respectively. CONCLUSION: The new model is more convenient and accurate than ASS. Right lower quadrant tenderness is an inclusion criterion for @entity697 diagnosis. Migrating @entity158 and neutrophil count > 75% were significant factors for @entity697 diagnosis if ASS score < 6. Although the criteria of @entity390 / @entity391 and white blood cell count > 10,000/dL were significantly different between @entity697 and normal appendix, there was no significant contribution of entropy change below the "neutrophil count > 75%" nodes in the model. So they were erased from the decision tree model. Further studies need to be conducted to investigate why older @entity1 are at higher risk for @entity697 .

title: Decision model for XXXX treatment with decision tree technology--a modification of the Alvarado scoring system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of @entity2390 (a long-acting @entity1943 analog) to that of antidiarrheal therapy plus placebo on large-volume refractory @entity791 -associated @entity294 . DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Referral-based clinic and hospital in a tertiary care center. @entity1 : Twenty male @entity1 with @entity791 and refractory @entity294 , with stool volume > 1000 ml/day who failed to improve after initial supportive management. All @entity1 finished the study. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly given either @entity2390 in doses of 100, 200 and 300 micrograms subcutaneously every 8 h, or high doses of @entity3062 and @entity3063 orally plus placebo subcutaneously for 10 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bowel movements and stool volume were registered before and every day after treatment by the @entity1 themselves and the nursing personnel. RESULTS: @entity1 from both groups were similar for age, time of @entity791 diagnosis, duration of @entity294 and etiology. Baseline mean bowel movements per day (9.4 +/- 2.8 in the @entity2390 group versus 10 +/- 3.1 in controls) and baseline mean stool volume (2753 +/- 840 versus 2630 +/- 630 ml/day, respectively) were similar in both groups before therapy (P < 0.05). Mean bowel movements per day after 10 days of therapy was 2.1 +/- 1.6 in the @entity2390 group versus 7 +/- 3 in controls (P < 0.05). Mean stool volume after 10 days of therapy was 485 +/- 480 in the @entity2390 group versus 1080 +/- 420 ml/day in controls (P < 0.05). Complete response (stool volume < 250 ml/day) was observed in two @entity1 from the @entity2390 group and none from controls; partial response (decrease > 50% in stool volume) in four and two; and no response (decrease < 50% or no change) in four and eight (P < 0.05), respectively. Side-effects occurred in eight out of 10 @entity2390 @entity1 and three out of 10 controls (P < 0.05), but none were significant to result in discontinuation of medication. CONCLUSION: @entity2390 proved to be superior to conventional therapy in this short-term treatment of large-volume refractory @entity791 -associated @entity294 .

title: XXXX therapy of large-volume refractory @entity791 -associated @entity294 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity3063 :: ('MESH:D004157', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenoxylate']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['Octreotide']


abstract: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as an excellent substitute over polymeric nanoparticles and, when incorporated with chitosan which activates the macrophage to impart an immune response, produce excellent results to fight against deleterious diseases like @entity232 where its parasite diminishes the immunity of the host to induce resistance. Based upon this hypothesis, chitosan-coated SLNs were developed and loaded with @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) for immunoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity281 . Both uncoated and chitosan-coated @entity11015 -loaded SLNs ( @entity11015 -SLNs) were fabricated using solvent emulsification and evaporation method. The various processes and formulation parameters involved in @entity11015 -SLN preparation were optimized with respect to particle size and stability of the particles. In vitro hemolytic test credited the formulations to be safe when injected in the veins. The cellular uptake analysis demonstrated that the chitosan-coated @entity11015 -SLN was more efficiently internalized into the J774A.1 cells. The in vitro antileishmanial activity revealed their high potency against @entity281 cells in which chitosan-coated @entity11015 -SLNs were distinguishedly efficacious over commercial formulations (AmBisome and @entity2379 ). An in vitro cytokine estimation study revealed that chitosan-coated @entity11015 -SLNs activated the macrophages to impart a specific immune response through enhanced production of @entity637 and IL-12 with respect to normal control. Furthermore, cytotoxic studies in macrophages and acute @entity137 studies in @entity19 evidenced the better safety profile of developed formulation in comparison to marketed formulations. This study indicates that the @entity11015 -SLNs are a safe and efficacious drug delivery system which promises strong competence in antileishmanial chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

title: Chitosan-Assisted Immunotherapy for Intervention of Experimental XXXX via @entity2379 -Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Fungizone']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmania infection', 'Leishmania-infected']

answer: @entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['Leishmaniasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of core decompression surgery and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) on the mechanical properties of @entity1641 navicular bones. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental, in vitro study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Fore limb navicular bones (n=36 pairs) from sound 2-5-year-old @entity1641 with no radiographic abnormalities of the distal aspect of the forelimbs. METHODS: Navicular @entity79 was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. One randomly assigned navicular bone from each pair served as control. The contralateral test specimen was allocated to 1 of 6 treatment groups defined by drill bit size (3.2 versus 2.5 mm diameter) and by the number of drill channels (1, 2, or 3) created in the proximal border of the bone. Bones were then tested until failure in 3-point bending. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis. RESULTS: There were significant (P<.001) positive correlations between @entity79 and biomechanical data. A significant (P<.001) reduction in breaking strength was noted between intact and drilled bone pairs; however, the diameter and number of decompression channels did not significantly (P>.05) influence the extent of the reduction in mechanical strength. CONCLUSION: In vitro core decompression significantly decreases the breaking strength of the @entity1641 navicular bone.

title: Core decompression of the XXXX navicular bone: an in vitro biomechanical study.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess capsular bag opacification and sites of initial @entity3236 ( @entity3236 ) in @entity1 cadaver eyes with square-edged 1-piece or 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). SETTING: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: Eyes were immersed in 10% @entity406 after enucleation and had anterior segment scanning with very-high-frequency ultrasound (Artemis). After the eyes were sectioned at the equator, gross examination of the anterior segment was performed from the posterior aspect to assess capsular bag opacification, anterior capsule coverage of the IOL edge, and IOL fixation. Selected eyes had histopathologic examination. RESULTS: One hundred nineteen eyes with 1-piece IOLs and 100 with 3-piece IOLs were included in the analyses of capsular bag opacification. There was no difference in central (P=.29) or peripheral (P=.76) @entity3236 . In 63 of 84 eyes with a 1-piece IOL and peripheral @entity3236 , the optic-haptic junction was the site of initiation. In eyes with a 3-piece IOL, initial peripheral @entity3236 was observed at nearly the same rate whether there was full 360-degree anterior capsulorhexis overlap of the optic or no overlap (P=.13). In the latter, the site of @entity3236 initiation was in areas lacking capsulorhexis coverage in 46% of eyes. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in central or peripheral @entity3236 between 1-piece and 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOLs. With 1-piece IOLs, @entity3236 tended to start at the optic-haptic junctions. With 3-piece IOLs, full anterior capsule coverage did not produce a statistically significant benefit with respect to @entity3236 prevention.

title: Pathology of 219 XXXX cadaver eyes with 1-piece or 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses: capsular bag opacification and sites of square-edged barrier breach.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['PCO', 'posterior capsule opacification']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemodiafiltration is used to increase the convective transport and thereby the elimination of small and middle molecules, mainly @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) across the dialysis membranes. There is little information concerning @entity1133 , @entity1011 , @entity2262 and principally @entity1391 kinetics during hemodiafiltration in vivo. In this prospective study, we evaluated the transmembrane solute mass removal (TSR) and clearance (Kd) of @entity1133 , @entity1011 and @entity1391 as well as serum @entity2262 reduction rate ( @entity2263 -MRR) and collected @entity2262 in dialysate plus ultrafiltrate during high-flux hemodialysis (HD) and post-dilutional hemodiafiltration (HDF). @entity1 AND METHODS: 16 @entity1 were studied using a @entity2264 capillary filter (1.6 m2 surface area, 40 microm fiber internal diameter and 200 microm, wall thickness) during 2 one-week periods: first week HD 1.6 m2 and second week HDF 1.6 m2. Treatment time was 4 hours, blood flow rate 300 ml/min with constant dialysate and ultrafiltration rates for HD and HDF periods. TSR, Kd, @entity2263 -MRR and @entity2262 collection were assessed during the mid-week treatment. In a second part of the study, we repeated the same protocol using a second high-flux @entity2264 capillary filter (2.4 m2 surface area, 30 microm fiber diameter and 150 microm wall thickness). RESULTS: TSR and Kd of @entity1133 and @entity1011 were not improved by HDF, however, HDF increased TSR and Kd of @entity1391 . @entity1391 clearance rose from 120 (HD 1.6 m2) to 159 (HDF 1.6 m2) (p < 0.005) and from 146 (HD 2.4 m2) to 206 (HDF 2.4 m2) (p < 0.005) ml/min. @entity2263 -MRR increased from 64.1 +/- 8.6 to 77.7 +/- 8.2% (p < 0.005) and from 75.0 +/- 5.1 to 82.9 +/- 8.5% (p < 0.005) during HDF 1.6 m2 and HDF 2.4 m2, respectively. Collected @entity2262 remained unchanged. This discrepancy seems to be due to an enhanced @entity2262 adsorption to the @entity2264 membrane during HDF. CONCLUSION: Our results provide a strong evidence that HDF has no advantage over HD with respect to @entity1133 and @entity1011 removal in vivo. However, HDF did improve the elimination of @entity1391 and should be considered as an additional treatment option for @entity2265 in dialysis @entity1 . HDF improves significantly the elimination of @entity2262 .

title: Hemodiafiltration--a new treatment option for @entity2265 in hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulfone']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-M', 'beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate', 'Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND Noise-induced @entity393 is the diagnosis that is most frequently reported to the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority. The objective of this study was to describe the doctors' reports on noise-induced @entity393 and assess the quality of the information.MATERIAL AND METHOD The study is based on reports to the Labour Inspection Authority for the years 2005   -   09. We grouped the reporting incidence according to industry, gender and age on the basis of Statistics Norway's employment statistics. The reports were compared to data from Statistics Norway's living conditions survey from 2009.RESULTS A total of 7 888 reports had been submitted in the study period (2005   -   2009), 96 % of which concerned @entity1 . The annual reporting incidence amounted to 66 per 100 000 employees; six and 120 for @entity1 and @entity1 respectively. The reporting incidence was highest in the age group 55   -   74 years and for the construction and manufacturing industries. Altogether 52 % of the reports pertained to employees who were no longer working in the enterprise where they had been exposed to noise. The proportion of reports pertaining to employees aged under 40 years was lower than the corresponding proportion of those who reported work-related @entity393 in Statistics Norway's living conditions survey from 2009. Occupational health physicians submitted 85 % of the reports.INTERPRETATION Of those exposed to noise, only a small proportion of @entity1 , younger employees and employees in enterprises with no access to occupational health services are captured by the reporting system. The same may apply to employees in industries such as transport and retail trade, but this will require further investigation.

title: Doctors' reports of work-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity75 ( @entity75 ), detected by chromoendoscopy using @entity1496 dye in @entity1 with @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) or @entity135 and @entity213 (HNC), are associated with a second @entity189 in the other organ. We undertook a cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study to assess the risk for second primary @entity189 according to the severity of @entity75 , on the basis of their number and size. METHODS: A total of 1,060 @entity1 with only @entity1721 , only HNC, or both @entity1721 and HNC ( @entity1721 +HNC) underwent esophageal endoscopic examination between January 1994 and January 2010. The @entity1 were classified according to the number of @entity75 in an endoscopic visual field and the size of the largest @entity75 . Factors associated with the second primary @entity1721 or HNC were analyzed. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that a larger number and size of @entity75 increased the risk for synchronous and early metachronous second primary @entity5 (P value for trend <0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that a number of @entity75 >= 20 ( @entity1721 +HNC vs. only HNC, odds ratio (OR)=15.7; @entity1721 +HNC vs. only @entity1721 , 3.5) and a size >= 10   mm ( @entity1721 +HNC vs. only HNC, OR=3.1; @entity1721 +HNC vs. only @entity1721 , 3.2) were independent risk factors for synchronous and early metachronous second primary @entity5 . A larger number of @entity75 was a risk factor for metachronous @entity1721 and HNC, and a size >= 10   mm was a risk factor for late metachronous @entity1721 . CONCLUSIONS: The severity of @entity75 in @entity1 with HNC or @entity1721 closely correlated with a second @entity189 in the other organ. @entity1 with @entity75 must be followed closely for development of a second @entity189 .

title: @entity75 are an important risk factor for a second primary squamous cell carcinoma in @entity1 with esosphageal @entity5 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Lugol-voiding lesions', 'LVLs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['EC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1443 has a well established pharmacological profile, but its postoperative efficacy is in question. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to compare the efficacy of intravenous @entity1443 with other intravenous non-opioids as part of a multimodal concept for perioperative @entity158 therapy. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing minor-to-intermediate surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to receive infusions of @entity1443 (1 g every 6 h), @entity10964 (1 g every 6 h), @entity14340 (40 mg every 12 h) separated by infusions of physiological saline 0.9%, or placebo (0.9% saline every 6 h), respectively, for at least 48 h as part of a multimodal @entity158 concept. @entity1 -controlled @entity22730 was administered as rescue medication. Dependent variables were recorded 1, 6, 18, 30 and 42 h after extubation and 1 week after surgery. Surgical and associated @entity158 was scored as the primary outcome on a visual analogue scale. Additionally, time to first dose and total @entity22730 dosage, satisfaction, @entity1576 , @entity390 , @entity391 , sedation, itching and sweating were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 196 @entity1 were recruited. The efficacy of @entity1443 was similar to that of the other non-opioid analgesics. @entity158 was reduced with all non-opioids compared to placebo; there was no effect on associated @entity158 . @entity22730 dosage and incidence of side effects were not reduced. CONCLUSION: Intravenous @entity1443 has equivalent efficacy to non-opioids @entity10964 and @entity14340 that improves @entity282 therapy when used as part of a multimodal concept after minor-to-intermediate surgery.

title: Efficacy of intravenous @entity1443 compared to @entity10964 and @entity14340 for XXXX management after minor-to-intermediate surgery: a randomised, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity22730 :: ('MESH:D010892', 'Chemical') :: ['piritramide', 'Piritramide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Surgical pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: Severely burned pat @entity1 ed extensive initial fluid resuscitation. Formulas to calculate fluid needs during bur @entity1457 e well established. However, protocols for normalizing circulating fluid volume after cellular integrity has recovered do not exist. Resultant electrolyte shifts can cause hyp @entity3489 possible sign of hyp @entity3485 hich may in turn result in decreased tissue perfusion, subsequently affecting bur @entity4808 und healing. The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to explore the hypothesis that hyp @entity3489 bur @entity4808 t @entity1 a possible sign of systemic deh @entity2700 d that deh @entity2700 y affect bur @entity4808 und skin graft take. Medical chart data from otherwise healthy bur @entity4808 ctims with deep partial-thickness burns (total bur @entity4808 rface area [TBSA] >10%) who underwent skin grafting 7 days post injury were reviewed. Thirty (11 female; 19 male) pat @entity1 th an average TBSA of 30% (   11%) and an Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) score of 7.9 (   1.8) were included. Of those, 17 had normal average serum levels between day 2 and 6 following injury and 13 developed hyp @entity3489 erum sod @entity1372 146 mmol/L) an average of 5.5 days (   1.5) after injury. Pat @entity1 this group underwent an average of 1.3 (   0.8) re-grafting procedures compared to 0.35 (   0.5) for pat @entity1 thout hyp @entity3489 = 0.001). There was good correlation (r = 0.525) between daily infusion-diuresis ratios (IDR) and serum sod @entity1372 vels, as well as between serum sod @entity1372 vels and re-skin grafting occurrences (r = 0.62). The results indicate that research to confirm that hyp @entity3489 an indicator of deh @entity2700 d affects skin graft take is warranted and that protocols to optimize fluid volume following bur @entity1457 eatment are needed.

title: Impact of hypernatremia o XXXX heal @entity4808 results of an exploratory, retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['burn shock']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

answer: @entity3489 :: (MESH:D006955,Disease) :: ['hypernatremia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively determine the negative predictive value of normal @entity859 stress cardiac MR (CMR) in routine @entity1 referred for evaluation of @entity453 ( @entity453 ), predominantly with intermediate to high pretest risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 referred for coronary angiography were examined in a 1.5 Tesla whole-body scanner before catheterization. A total of 158 @entity1 with normal CMR on qualitative assessment were included, and semiquantitative perfusion analysis was performed. Significant @entity453 was regarded as luminal narrowing of >or=70% in coronary angiography. RESULTS: In the 158 study @entity1 , negative predictive value of normal @entity859 -stress CMR for significant @entity453 was 96.2% (for stenosis >or=90%: 98.1%). True-negative and false-negative @entity1 were comparable regarding clinical presentation, risk factors, and CMR findings. Semiquantitative perfusion analysis gave significantly prolonged arrival time index and peak time index in the false-negative group. Using cutoff values >1.8 for arrival time index or >1.2 for peak time index, the CMR negative predictive value increased to 98.7% (for stenosis >or=90%: to 100%). CONCLUSION: The very high negative predictive value for @entity453 supports CMR-based decision making for the indication to coronary angiography. Semiquantitative perfusion analysis seems promising to identify the small group of @entity453 @entity1 not detectable by qualitative CMR assessment.

title: Negative predictive value of normal XXXX -stress cardiac MRI in the assessment of @entity453 and correlation with semiquantitative perfusion analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, transnasal endoscopic surgery is considered a viable option in the management of small-intermediate size juvenile angiofibromas (JAs). The authors critically review their 14-year experience in the management of this lesion to refine selection criteria for an endoscopic approach. METHODS: From January 1994 to May 2008, 46 @entity1 were treated by a pure endoscopic resection after vascular embolization (87%). The lesions were classified according to Andrews (Andrews JC, et al., The surgical management of extensive @entity18871 with the infratemporal fossa approach, Laryngoscope 99:429-437, 1989) and Onerci (Onerci M, et al. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: A revised staging system, Rhinology 44:39-45, 2006) staging systems. All @entity1 were followed by regular endoscopic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. RESULTS: Lesions were classified as follows: stage I, n = 5; stage II, n = 24; stage IIIa, n = 14; stage IIIb, n = 3 according to Andrews classification system; stage 1, n = 9; stage II, n = 12; stage III, n = 26 according to Onerci's system. Unilateral blood supply was detected in 39 (85%) cases. Feeding vessels from the internal carotid artery (ICA) were also reported in 14 (30%) @entity1 . Intraoperative @entity190 ranged from 250 to 1300 mL (mean, 580 mL). In four (8.7%) cases, suspicious @entity66 was detected by MRI. In one @entity1 , a 1-cm persistent lesion was endoscopically removed because septoplasty was required and a slight increase in size was noticed. The other three lesions, all located in the root of the pterygoid plate, are nearly stable in size and are currently under MRI follow-up. CONCLUSION: The improvement of surgical instrumentation and the experience acquired during a 14-year period have contributed to expanding the indications for endoscopic surgery in the management of JAs. Even stage III lesions may be successfully managed, unless the ICA is encased or if it provides an extensive blood supply. An external approach may be required when critical structures such as the ICA, cavernous sinus, or optic nerve are involved by lesions that are persistent after previous treatment; such a situation may prevent safe and radical dissection with a pure endoscopic approach. Better understanding of the factors influencing the growth of residual lesions is needed to differentiate those requiring re-treatment from those which can be simply observed.

title: Endoscopic surgery for XXXX : a critical review of indications after 46 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal angiofibromas']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['juvenile angiofibroma']


abstract: For @entity1 with @entity320 , there are currently several effective therapeutic options. The @entity817 inhibitors @entity5457 and @entity5458 are characterized by rapid @entity5 control and high response rates. In combination with one of the two MEK inhibitors @entity5459 and @entity5460 , they achieve response rates (CR + PR, complete plus partial remissions) of 70  %, while delaying the development of treatment resistance, as well as a median overall survival of >  2 years with tolerable side effects. Showing long-term survival rates of approximately 20  %, the anti- @entity4386 antibody ipilimumab is the first substance that has led to a significant prolongation of overall survival in @entity1 with @entity320 . However, delayed treatment response and severe immune-mediated side effects may pose limitations to its therapeutic benefit. Usually well tolerated, anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy using nivolumab and pembrolizumab has yielded response rates (CR + PR) of up to 45  % and one-year survival rates of >  70  %. The combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab has shown response rates of up to 58  % and a median progression-free survival of >  11 months. While this combination is expected to result in a rapid and long-lasting response, this potential benefit comes at the expense of a high level of @entity137 . Strategies for treatment sequencing and treatment combinations are currently being investigated in clinical studies. Overall, the prognosis for @entity1 with @entity320 has significantly improved. With long-term survival a possibility, not only acute but also long-term therapeutic side effects must be taken into account.

title: Systemic therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5459 :: ('MESH:C560077', 'Chemical') :: ['trametinib']

entities_list: @entity5458 :: ('MESH:C561627', 'Chemical') :: ['dabrafenib']

entities_list: @entity5460 :: ('MESH:C574276', 'Chemical') :: ['cobimetinib']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5457 :: ('MESH:C551177', 'Chemical') :: ['vemurafenib']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6059 (MCV) was discovered by digital transcriptome subtraction as a monoclonal @entity5 . Subsequent studies have repeatedly confirmed that MCV is the likely cause for most @entity3852 . Polymerase chain reaction-based detection of the virus in other @entity1489 , however, has been inconsistent and controversial. OBJECTIVE: We sought to directly assay for @entity6060 in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) or @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) @entity5 cells by immunostaining for viral antigen. METHODS: CM2B4, a monoclonal antibody to exon 2 peptides of MCV T antigen, was used to examine @entity5 from 20 @entity1 with @entity3852 with and without secondary @entity957 or @entity5702 . RESULTS: MCV T antigen was readily detected in 15 (75%) of 20 @entity5 including 11 @entity5 from @entity1 with secondary @entity957 or @entity1491 . In contrast to @entity3852 , none of these secondary @entity1491 or @entity957 was MCV T-antigen positive. LIMITATIONS: A limitation was the small study size with antigen detection including only the MCV large T and 57kT proteins. CONCLUSIONS: MCV T antigen is generally not expressed in @entity1491 or @entity1544 from a population favored to have @entity6060 , ie, those @entity1 already given the diagnosis of MCV-positive @entity3852 . This suggests that episodic polymerase chain reaction detection of MCV genome in @entity1491 or @entity1544 may represent coincidental rather than causal infection, and that these @entity5 share other noninfectious risk factors.

title: Lack of evidence for basal or @entity957 infection with @entity6059 in immunocompetent @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MCC tumors', 'infection of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['SCC tumors']

entities_list: @entity6060 :: ('MESH:D027601', 'Disease') :: ['MCV infection']

entities_list: @entity6059 :: ('493803', 'Species') :: ['Merkel cell polyomavirus']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['BCC tumors']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: The genetic etiology of @entity21584 is now well established. Two clinical variants, @entity21584 ( @entity21584 ) and selective @entity21584 ( @entity21584 ), are, in most cases, caused by heterozygous mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the c-erbA beta @entity1374 receptor gene. No @entity1 mutations have yet been described in the other related receptor gene, @entity21126 . In resistant @entity1 , the mutant beta receptors act as @entity1131 and inhibit function of the normal beta receptor (expressed from one allele) and the normal alpha receptor (expressed from two alleles). @entity1 homozygous for a dominant negative allele (the Bercu @entity1 ) and without any beta receptor (the Refetoff @entity1 ) have been described. @entity1 with @entity21584 and @entity21584 both present with elevated free @entity1955 and @entity1954 and inappropriately normal thyroid-stimulating hormone, but the former @entity1 are clinically euthyroid, whereas the latter @entity1 have symptoms and signs of @entity1378 . However, in some cases, different @entity1 who have been classified as having @entity21584 and @entity21584 have been found to have identical beta mutations. A recent study of the level of pituitary resistance in a large kindred with @entity21584 ( @entity534 -320-HIS mutation) indicated a contributory gene in the regulation of @entity1374 action. Relative overexpression of the mutant PRO-453-HIS receptor at the level of messenger RNA in @entity1 fibroblasts (kindred A) was associated with @entity851 . Finally, an @entity534 -316-HIS mutation (kindred G-H) was associated with relatively weak dominant negative activity and perturbed DNA-binding properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Resistance to XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity21584 :: ('MESH:D018382', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone', 'GRTH', 'thyroid hormone resistance syndromes', 'PRTH', 'generalized resistance to thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['dominant negative proteins']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid hormone']


abstract: @entity334 (AN) is an important intermediary for the synthesis of a variety of organic products, such as artificial fibres, household articles and resins. Although acute effects are the primary concern for an exposure to AN, potential genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic risks of AN have to be taken seriously in view of the large number of workers employed in such industries and the world-wide population using products containing and possibly liberating AN. An understanding of the effect of @entity334 must be based on a characterization of its metabolism as well as of the resulting products and their genotoxic properties. Tests for mutagenicity in bacteria have in general been positive, those in plants and on unscheduled DNA synthesis doubtful, and those on chromosome aberrations in vivo negative. Wherever positive results had been obtained, metabolic activation of AN appeared to be a prerequisite. The extent to which such mutagenic effects are significant in @entity1 depends, however, also on the conditions of exposure. It appears from the limited data that the ultimate mutagenic factor(s), such as @entity335 , may have little opportunity to act under conditions where @entity1 are exposed because it is formed only in small amounts and is rapidly degraded. The carcinogenic action of AN has been evaluated by various agencies and ranged from 'reasonably be anticipated to be a @entity1 carcinogen' to 'cannot be excluded', the most recent evaluation being 'possibly carcinogenic to @entity1 '. Animal data that confirm the carcinogenic potential of AN have certain limitations with respect to the choice of species, type of @entity5 and length of follow up. Epidemiological studies which sometimes, but not always, yielded positive results, encounter the usual difficulties of confounding factors in chemical industries. Exposure of workers to AN should continue to be carefully monitored, but AN would not have to be considered a @entity5 risk to the population provided limitations on releases from consumer products and guidelines on AN in water and air are enforced. AN is teratogenic in laboratory animals ( @entity35 , hamster) at high doses when foetal/embryonic (and maternal) @entity137 already is manifest. Pregnant workers should not be exposed to AN. In view of the small concentrations generally encountered outside plants, @entity1 not professionally exposed would appear not to be at risk of teratogenic effects due to AN. Future research should concentrate on the elucidation of the different degradation pathways in @entity1 and on epidemiological studies in workers including pregnant @entity1 , assessing also, if possible, individual exposure by bio-monitoring.

title: Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity335 :: ('MESH:C033154', 'Chemical') :: ['2-cyanoethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity334 :: ('MESH:D000181', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylonitrile', 'Acrylonitrile']

answer: @entity334 :: (MESH:D000181,Chemical) :: ['acrylonitrile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2057 is one of the most common @entity4094 in @entity1 . Associated with progressive @entity425 , it may assume a chronic course. In @entity102 it is of utmost importance to determine the quality of life level. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of quality of life in a cohort of @entity4574 @entity1 and adolescents, and study its relation to motor ability. METHODS: From the @entity1 and adolescents with confirmed @entity4574 diagnosis (presence of deletion) followed at a University Hospital, we selected those that were 4 years or older. They were classified as @entity4574 type II or III according to their best motor ability, evaluated according to the modified Hammersmith functional score, and undertook the AUQEI Portuguese version to determine quality of life. This is an Institutional Review Board approved study and consent was given by all those included. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 and adolescent with a mean age of 10.28 (   4.71) took part of the study. The fourteen @entity4574 type II had a mean Hammersmith score of 11 (   9.50) and AUQEI of 55.85 (   7.16), while the nineteen @entity4574 @entity164 scored 31.10 (   12.30) and 52.94 (   4.85). No significant difference was found when quality of life scores was compared among those groups. CONCLUSION: On a self-reported scale it seems that regardless the functional status an @entity4574 @entity1 and adolescent has a perception of good quality of life.

title: Self-reported quality of life has no correlation with functional status in @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disorders']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of mucinous @entity5 (MCNs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a multi-institutional, retrospective study on a collected series of @entity1 with MCN pathologically defined by @entity43 . Clinicopathological features and prognosis were investigated. RESULT: @entity14775 was confirmed in 156 cases, including 129 @entity652 (82.7%) and 21 noninvasive (13.4%) and 6 @entity189 (3.9%). @entity1 with MCN were exclusively @entity1 (98.1%) with the mean age of 48.1 years. All but 1 MCN were in the pancreatic body/tail region with a mean size of 65.3 mm. Communication between the cyst and the pancreatic duct was found in 18.1%. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 97.6%, 96.6%, and 96.6%, respectively. A significant difference in the survival rates was observed between @entity652 and @entity189 and between minimally @entity189 and @entity189 . Cyst diameter and presence of mural nodule were predictive of malignant MCN. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14775 is a rare but distinctive @entity788 with a favorable overall prognosis. All MCNs should be resected to prevent malignant changes but can be observed for an appropriate time when the lesion is small without the presence of mural nodules.

title: Clinicopathological features and prognosis of mucinous XXXX with @entity43 : a multi-institutional study of the Japan pancreas society.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian-type stroma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14775 :: ('MESH:D018297', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous cystic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cystic neoplasm']


abstract: A late phase II study of a new @entity9800 analogue, @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ), was conducted to evaluate the anti- @entity5 effect and @entity137 in @entity1 with refractory @entity1778 and @entity706 including @entity1619 ( @entity1619 )- @entity706 , in a multi-institutional cooperative study. All the @entity1 with @entity1619 had been previously treated with various conventional combination chemotherapies and were refractory to these therapies or had relapsed. @entity2600 was administered at a dose of 40 mg m-2 day-1 for three consecutive days repeated weekly until evidence of disease progression. One complete remission and four partial remissions were achieved in 13 assessable @entity1 with @entity1619 . The median total dose to achieve remission was 240 mg m-2 and the median duration of response was 31 days. The major @entity137 were @entity1210 (83%), @entity294 (62%) and @entity1209 (69%). These were relatively severe, but they were generally tolerable and reversible. However, one @entity1 died probably as a result of this therapy. No effective chemotherapy for @entity6494 has yet been established, and the prognosis for @entity1 with this disease is very poor. Our results suggest that @entity2600 may be a promising agent for this disease. Further combination therapy with @entity2600 is needed to improve the therapy for @entity1619 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ). @entity2600 Study Group on Hematological Malignancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan hydrochloride', 'CPT-11']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['adult T-cell leukaemia', 'ATL']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity6494 :: (MESH:D015459,Disease) :: ['adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma']


abstract: In an attempt to evaluate the relative importance of brain and peripheral (i.e., outside the blood-brain barrier) @entity935 (DA) receptor stimulation in the regulation of GH release, DA (5 microgram/kg/min infused i.v. for 120 min), L-dopa (500 mg p.o.), L-dopa (100 mg p.o.) plus @entity11412 (35 mg p.o.) after pretreatment with @entity11412 (50 mg p.o. every 6 h for 1 day), and @entity7831 (200 mg p.o.) have been administered to healthy @entity1 . Significant elevations in serum GH were induced by all regimens in comparison with a control placebo study, although the effect of DA was only transient in spite of continuing infusion. The between drugs analysis revealed that L-dopa alone was significantly more effective in releasing GH than @entity11412 plus L-dopa as well as DA infusion and @entity7831 administration. These results suggest that both central nervous system and peripheral mechanisms are involved in dopaminergic stimulation of GH release in @entity1 . Since DA does not affect somatotropes directly, increased serum GH levels by DA infusion probably reflect stimulation of median eminence dopaminergic neurons.

title: Central nervous system and pituitary mechanisms in dopaminergic stimulation of growth hormone release in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11412 :: ('MESH:D002230', 'Chemical') :: ['carbidopa']

entities_list: @entity7831 :: ('MESH:D009627', 'Chemical') :: ['nomifensine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A systematic 2 year follow-up study of EEG in 100 @entity1 suffering from @entity716 with @entity2730 lasting more than 1 week led to the following results. (1) EEG foci were demonstrated in 95% of cases, and bilaterally in 70%. Normalization occurred within 3 months in 48% of @entity1 , with foci persisting for more than 2 years in 22% mostly in @entity1 with @entity302 . Focal signs initially consisted of delta foci (85%) and finally of focal @entity943 (72%), with temporal localization increasing from 58% to 82%. EEG foci were associated with @entity16 in 49% of cases and skull fractures in 78%. (2) During @entity716 a general slowing of EEG was constantly observed. Normalization occurred within 3 months in 28% of @entity1 . Rarely slowing lasted longer than 6 months. (3) It took longer to normalize general slowing than EEG foci, but slowing disappeared more completely. The left preponderance of EEG foci in @entity716 could not be confirmed, the hypothesis of a pathoplastic role of the speech dominant hemisphere was not proved.

title: Systematic EEG follow-up study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological focal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'traumatic psychosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['traumatic psychosis']


abstract: In a 58-year-old hospitalized @entity1 with gonarthrosis a leech therapy was applied to both @entity2720 . In the evening of the following day she observed strong @entity111 in the area of the leech bites; in addition a maculopapular @entity1910 appeared on the torso and her lower extremities. The @entity56 lasted four days. Administration of antihistamines only led to a slight improvement of the symptoms. A full restitution could only be achieved after a systemic dose of glucocorticoids on the fourth day after leech therapy. Eight days before beginning of the leech therapy a five-day antibiotic therapy with @entity206 and @entity207 (Cotrim forte) had been administered to treat an uncomplicated @entity293 . @entity56 are well-known complications of these antibiotics and of leech therapy. The four-day duration of the @entity56 after leech therapy, however, was untypical. In order to explain these symptoms, a prick test and an epicutaneous test for the antibiotic components were executed five weeks after the leech therapy. Furthermore, a second leech therapy was administered and a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was carried out. The results of the LTT showed a sensitization for @entity207 and a possible sensitization for @entity206 , the results of the epicutaneous test showed a positive reaction to @entity3208 , a component of the antibiotic. In the area of the leech bites a clear local skin reaction was observed. These results suggest a drug @entity1910 , in all probability triggered by the leech therapy.

title: [Drug @entity1910 in connection with @entity206 and XXXX treatment, triggered by leech therapy].

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium lauryl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions', 'allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['knee joints']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity207 :: (MESH:D013420,Chemical) :: ['sulfamethoxazole']


abstract: @entity303 , @entity933 and @entity308 are the 3 most prevalent @entity146 in the elderly. While @entity303 and @entity308 are prevalent in the community, hospitals and nursing homes, @entity933 is seen most often in acute care hospitals. Much of the management of these syndromes is undertaken by primary care physicians rather than psychiatrists. Therefore, it is imperative that generalist physicians be adept at recognising, evaluating and managing @entity1 with these syndromes. Because no diagnostic tests are pathognomonic of these syndromes, the differential diagnosis hinges on a careful clinical evaluation. The first step is to recognise which of the syndromes is present. @entity303 is defined by a chronic loss of intellectual or cognitive function of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational function. @entity933 is an acute disturbance of @entity1662 marked by an attention deficit and a change in cognitive function. @entity308 is an affective disorder evidenced by a @entity1316 , but the most pervasive symptom is a loss of ability to enjoy usual activities. It is important to recognise that these syndromes are not mutually exclusive, as @entity303 frequently coexists with @entity933 and @entity308 . Furthermore, physical diagnoses, such as @entity1030 , @entity712 , @entity64 , are frequently associated with @entity308 . Given this, a comprehensive evaluation is mandatory. Laboratory tests are necessary to exclude concurrent @entity209 , and drug effects. Imaging studies should be obtained selectively in @entity1 with signs and symptoms, such as focal neurological findings and gait disturbances, which are suggestive of structural lesions: @entity64 , subdural haematoma, normal pressure @entity1313 . Appropriate management involving pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures will result in significant improvement in most @entity1 with these syndromes. Potentially offending drugs should be discontinued. In delirious @entity1 the underlying illness must be treated concomitantly with the use of psychotropics, if necessary. Although no current medications have been shown to have a significant effect on the functional status of @entity1 with the 2 most common causes of @entity303 , @entity195 and @entity9398 , the management of concomitant illness in these @entity1 may result in improved function for as long as a year. Tacrine, an anticholinesterase inhibitor, improves cognitive function slightly in selected @entity1 with @entity195 over short periods. Finally, the treatment of @entity308 with medications or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) results in significant reductions in mortality and morbidity.

title: Differential diagnosis of @entity303 , XXXX and @entity308 . Implications for drug therapy.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke and endocrine disorders', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic, endocrine and infectious disorders']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus and brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity9398 :: ('MESH:D015161', 'Disease') :: ['multi-infarct dementia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['dysphoric mood']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: Systemic @entity101 is both the cause and the consequence of @entity8 . Experimental studies suggest that the adverse effects of systemic @entity101 on the progression of @entity8 may depend upon the intraglomerular hemodynamic consequences. Systemic @entity101 accompanied by afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction is associated with normal glomerular capillary pressure and relative protection against @entity130 . In contrast, systemic @entity101 with afferent arteriolar vasodilatation leads to glomerular @entity101 and is associated with @entity131 . Glomerular @entity101 may be present even in the setting of normal systemic pressure, as in experimental @entity6 . Therapeutic interventions that attenuate glomerular capillary @entity101 slow the development of @entity8 . Dietary protein restriction, which normalizes glomerular capillary filtration, perfusion, and pressure without lowering blood pressure, retards the development of @entity8 . Alternatively, selective reduction of glomerular capillary pressure with converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy is also protective against progressive @entity8 . In contrast, antihypertensive therapy, which controls systemic @entity101 but does not reduce glomerular capillary pressure, fails to protect remnant kidney @entity35 from @entity8 . These studies suggest that control of glomerular @entity101 may be of special benefit to the @entity1 with progressive @entity8 .

title: Therapeutic benefit of converting-enzyme inhibition in progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'glomerular sclerosis', 'glomerular injury', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['structural injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['morphologic injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity1644 secondary to @entity3976 caused by @entity6804 has recently been described, although the backgrounds of the affected @entity1 were not studied. In order to determine the possible causative contribution of the @entity3976 , the present cooperative study was carried out. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed by five cooperating institutes. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of @entity1 with @entity6804 were reevaluated with particular attention to the existence of @entity3976 and @entity1644 . RESULTS: The total number of @entity1 with @entity6804 whose MRIs were reinvestigated was 164. In 24 out of the 164 @entity1 , @entity3976 was apparent in the sagittal plane of the MRI. @entity1644 was observed in five of the 24 cases with @entity3976 being a consistent associated finding. None of the individuals demonstrated any @entity132 directly corresponding to the syrinx formation. All but one of the five @entity1 underwent surgical @entity5 , but no one required surgical treatment for the syrinx itself. Disappearance or shrinkage of the syrinx could be confirmed by postoperative MRIs in three of them. CONCLUSIONS: A simple mechanism of blockage of cerebrospinal fluid flow at the foramen magnum may play an important role in syrinx formation, as evidenced by the unexpectedly high incidence of cervical @entity3976 caused by @entity6804 shown in the present study.

title: @entity1644 secondary to @entity3976 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa tumors']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['Syringomyelia', 'syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['syrinx along with tonsillar herniation', 'tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumor']

answer: @entity6804 :: (MESH:D015192,Disease) :: ['posterior fossa tumors']


abstract: The treatment of @entity17117 remains highly controversial. In the literature convincing arguments can be found to support any therapeutic procedure. Newer concepts of mechanical ventilation such as SIMV and CPAP, as well as the use of epidural analgesia, have resulted in a significant reduction in the duration of artificial ventilation. Although the mechanical problems are generally overestimated in this situation, the use of a ventilator is indicated in many cases because of the associated lung damage. Internal fixation of the unstable thoracic wall is restricted to special, selected cases which would otherwise require artificial ventilation, without severe @entity651 and without @entity542 . We found stabilization of bilateral @entity174 with a retrosternal Sulamaa bar most helpful. @entity299 were present in 16 per cent of our @entity1 admitted after severe blunt @entity764 . Most of these had @entity296 . The analysis of 108 cases of cardiac contusion revealed that every possible variation of ECG can be observed. Repolarization disturbances and @entity299 and the conduction system were found most frequently. A ratio of CPK-MB: total CPK of over 6 per cent provides a very significant suspicion of @entity296 . The clinical course is characterized by @entity299 , which required treatment in 40 out of 108 @entity1 , and to a minor extent by @entity712 for which treatment was required in 17 @entity1 . Prognosis is generally good with adequate treatment.

title: Problems caused by the unstable thoracic wall and by XXXX due to blunt injury.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contusion']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['parasternal rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity17117 :: ('MESH:D005409', 'Disease') :: ['flail chest']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the cardiac rhythm', 'Cardiac injuries', 'cardiac rhythm disturbances']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac injury']


abstract: The first systematic account of the neural crest in the @entity1 has been prepared after an investigation of 185 serially sectioned staged embryos, aided by graphic reconstructions. As many as fourteen named topographical subdivisions of the crest were identified and eight of them give origin to @entity21 (Table 2). Significant findings in the @entity1 include the following. (1) An indication of mesencephalic neural crest is discernible already at stage 9, and trigeminal, facial, and postotic components can be detected at stage 10. (2) Crest was not observed at the level of diencephalon 2. Although pre-otic crest from the neural folds is at first continuous (stage 10), crest-free zones are soon observable (stage 11) in Rh.1, 3, and 5. (3) Emigration of cranial neural crest from the neural folds at the neurosomatic junction begins before closure of the rostral neuropore, and later crest cells do not accumulate above the neural tube. (4) The trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and @entity21 , which develop from crest that emigrates before the neural folds have fused, continue to receive contributions from the roof plate of the neural tube after fusion of the folds. (5) The nasal crest and the terminalis-vomeronasal complex are the last components of the cranial crest to appear (at stage 13) and they persist longer. (6) The optic, mesencephalic, isthmic, accessory, and hypoglossal crest do not form @entity21 . Cervical ganglion 1 is separated early from the neural crest and is not a Froriep ganglion. (7) The @entity129 derived from neural crest show a specific relationship to individual neuromeres, and rhombomeres are better landmarks than the otic primordium, which descends during stages 9-14. (8) Epipharyngeal placodes of the pharyngeal arches contribute to @entity129 , although that of arch 1 is not typical. (9) The neural crest from rhombomeres 6 and 7 that migrates to pharyngeal arch 3 and from there rostrad to the truncus arteriosus at stage 12 is identified here, for the first time in the @entity1 , as the cardiac crest. (10) The hypoglossal crest provides cells that accompany those of myotomes 1-4 and form the hypoglossal cell cord at stages 13 and 14. (11) The occipital crest, which is related to somites 1-4 in the @entity1 , differs from the spinal mainly in that it does not develop @entity21 . (12) The occipital and spinal portions of the crest migrate dorsoventrad and appear to traverse the sclerotomes before the differentiation into loose and dense zones in the latter. (13) Embryonic examples of synophthalmia and @entity10413 are cited to emphasize the role of the neural crest in the development of @entity129 and the skull.

title: The development of the neural crest in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['vagal ganglia', 'ganglia']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial ganglia']

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['anencephaly']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity73 in a task that minimizes episodic memory demands in individuals with very mild or mild @entity303 of the @entity195 with a healthy control group. DESIGN: Initial scores on the Visual Form Discrimination Test enrolled in longitudinal studies of @entity303 of the @entity195 . SETTING: @entity195 Research Center at Washington University, St Louis, Mo. @entity1 : Volunteer samples of 59 @entity1 (35 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ) with mild @entity303 of the @entity195 , 66 (39 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 ) with mild @entity303 of the @entity195 , and 146 healthy nondemented individuals (90 @entity1 and 56 @entity1 ) were recruited between 1988 and 1992. Ages ranged from 51 to 96 years. @entity1 with confounding medical, neurologic, or @entity146 disorders were excluded. @entity303 severity was staged by means of the Clinical @entity303 Rating. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total number correct on the Visual Form Discrimination Test as well as the numbers of three types of errors: peripheral figure movement or rotation, major figure distortion, and major @entity717 . RESULTS: @entity51 was apparent in very mild @entity303 of the @entity195 . Individuals with both very mild and mild @entity303 of the @entity195 made more errors involving peripheral figures and rotation of a major figure than did healthy, nondemented individuals. CONCLUSION: The initial effects of @entity195 on cognitive function are more pervasive than just episodic memory failure.

title: @entity51 in XXXX of the @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Persons', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Visuospatial deficit']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type compared', "Alzheimer's disease", 'Alzheimer type', "Alzheimer's Disease", 'Alzheimer type and healthy aging']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['figure rotation']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: An endotoxin-induced @entity1271 model was used to study permeability changes associated with increased milk matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in early @entity32 . One quarter of two @entity291 was inoculated with endotoxin ( @entity526 055:B5). Blood, milk, and whey were collected before and repeatedly after inoculation for 48 h. The profile and amounts of gelatinolytic MMPs were determined by zymography; gelatinase A (72 kD @entity9549 ) and @entity9550 (92 kD @entity9550 ) were identified by Western immunoblotting. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and @entity9551 capacity (TIC) were used as markers of capillary permeability with parallel examination of neutrophil penetration from blood to milk. Five clinical @entity526 @entity1271 milk samples and five milk samples from @entity291 with healthy udders were analyzed to detect whether increased levels of gelatinolytic @entity9549 and @entity9550 have a role in naturally occurring @entity1271 with endotoxin involvement. Milk MMP levels increased 2h after the endotoxin challenge. Both @entity9549 and @entity9550 were involved in this early proteolytic event. These increased MMP levels are associated with increased capillary permeability, evidenced first by the penetration of small molecular weight proteins, such as BSA and TIC. Later, 6-12h post endotoxin inoculation, neutrophilic leucocytes also entered the site, as they require larger tissue damage in basal membrane and interstitial tissue structures than BSA and TIC to extravasate. In naturally occurring disease, increased @entity9549 and @entity9550 levels were detected in milk. Thus, gelatinases, especially @entity9549 , are involved in the early degradation of the blood-milk barrier, which precedes the penetration of blood-derived cellular components into milk in endotoxin-induced @entity1271 . In the future, measuring MMP in milk/whey might be a useful tool for diagnosing early @entity1271 .

title: Increase in milk metalloproteinase activity and vascular permeability in @entity291 endotoxin-induced and naturally occurring XXXX @entity1271 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']