abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: For one month a 69-year-old @entity1 had been suffering from increasingly painful and @entity4 and induration of the skin of the left thigh, about 15 cm in diameter. In addition she had fever and @entity5084 . Antibiotic treatment, begun because @entity13171 was suspected, was ineffective and she was hospitalized. Although @entity28 she was in a good general condition with no obvious abnormalities on routine lung, heart and neurological examination. No lymph nodes were palpated. INVESTIGATIONS: Laboratory tests showed increased inflammatory parameters, marked rise in @entity880 dehydrogenase and a normochromic @entity417 , hemoglobin of 9.5 g/dl. Doppler sonography excluded @entity1150 , but marked @entity4096 was revealed. Extensive tests, including soft-tissue sonography, radiology and skin biopsy failed to establish a diagnosis. TREATMENT AND CAUSE: Antibiotic treatment was resumed because a diagnosis of only partly treated @entity13171 was made. But several changes to a variety of antibiotics remained ineffective. @entity1413 was excluded by the biochemical and biopsy results. As the skin changes in both legs increased a skin and muscle biopsy from the indurated area of the left thigh was done: it showed intravascular large-cell lymphomatosis. A search for a paraneoplastic process revealed an @entity420 of the ascending colon that was successfully resected. The @entity1 died before the planned chemotherapy could be initiated. CONCLUSION: In case of treatment-resistant fever associated with @entity158 and skin changes of unknown etiology a deep skin biopsy should be an early consideration to exclude such causes as @entity706 , including the very rare intravascular clear-cell lymphomatosis.

title: [Intravascular lymphomatosis ( XXXX ), a rare differential diagnosis in @entity158 with treatment-resistant fever].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['reddened swelling of both legs']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful swelling of the leg']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['Collagen disease']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['angiotrophic large-cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biochemical alterations associated with mechanical stress have been explored as an initiating step in the pathological progression of ligamentum flavum @entity1184 (LFH); however, this mechanism remains poorly understood. Recently, the @entity32 induced after mechanical stress and the subsequent response of ligamentum flavum (LF) cells have been implicated in LFH pathology. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that angiogenesis may be a critical link between @entity1184 and a series of stimulating events, including mechanical stress. METHODS: LF from 20 lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) @entity1 and 16 non-LSCS @entity1 (control group) were collected during surgery. @entity1 demographic and radiographic data were obtained. The levels of angiogenic factors ( @entity7 [ @entity7 ], @entity3658 , vascular cell adhesion molecule, and basic fibroblast growth factor) in the LF were investigated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Angiogenesis was also quantified by immunohistochemical detection of @entity2280 -positive capillaries. The correlations among clinical factors, including radiographic factors, angiogenic factors, and angiogenesis, were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The LSCS group was older and exhibited a longer symptom duration, @entity1347 , and thicker LF than the control group. The LSCS group showed significantly higher tissue concentrations of @entity7 (P < .001) that positively correlated with LF thickness (r = 0.557, P < .001) and segmental motion (r = 0.586, P < .001). The LSCS group showed significantly more @entity2280 -positive capillaries than the control group (P = .004). CONCLUSION: The LSCS group showed greater segmental motion, higher @entity7 concentrations, and more @entity2280 -positive capillaries than the control group. These data indicate that @entity7 -mediated angiogenesis following mechanical stress may be a critical step within the series of pathological events in LFH. ABBREVIATIONS: bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factorLDH, lumbar disc herniationLF, ligamentum flavumLFH, ligamentum flavum hypertrophyLSCS, lumbar spinal canal stenosisVCAM, vascular cell adhesion moleculeVEGF, @entity7 .

title: The Mechanism of Ligamentum Flavum XXXX : Introducing Angiogenesis as a Critical Link That Couples Mechanical Stress and @entity1184 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['wider segmental motion']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity261 presenting with severe @entity3747 and intracerebral calcifications that resulted in a spontaneous @entity1779 . METHODS: We present the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings in a @entity1 with @entity261 who developed spontaneous @entity1779 in the setting of chronic intracerebral calcifications. RESULTS: A 37-year-old @entity1 presented with vague symptoms of @entity3747 . Clinical evaluation revealed brisk deep tendon reflexes and positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs. The serum @entity460 level was 3.7 mg/dL (reference range, 8.0 to 10.6 mg/dL) and the @entity3151 level was 8.2 mg/dL (reference range, 2.3 to 5.0 mg/dL). Serum intact parathyroid hormone was undetectable. Computed tomography of the head showed extensive bilateral symmetrical calcification of basal @entity21 and dentate nucleus in the cerebellum and centrum semiovale. Fluid and electrolytes were replaced appropriately, and @entity460 and @entity3873 were prescribed. While in the hospital, the @entity1 developed an acute @entity1779 confirmed by computed tomography. The @entity1 recovered without neurologic sequelae and was discharged from the hospital on @entity460 supplementation and @entity3873 . Repeated computed tomography of the head 3 years later demonstrated complete resolution of the bleed. CONCLUSION: This case suggests that @entity1 with severe @entity261 and intracerebral calcification may be at risk for spontaneous @entity1779 and should be monitored accordingly.

title: @entity261 presenting with severe @entity3747 and asymptomatic basal ganglia calcification followed by acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic hypoparathyroidism', 'hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral bleed']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral bleed']


abstract: Despite the obvious role of @entity519 in eliciting respiratory acclimatisation in @entity1 , the function of the peripheral chemoreflex is uncertain. We investigated this uncertainty using 3 h of @entity519 as a stimulus (end-tidal PCO2, 0.5-1.0 mmHg above eucapnia; end-tidal @entity4095 , 50 mmHg), hypothesising that this stimulus would induce an enhancement of the peripheral chemoreflex ventilatory response to @entity519 . Current evidence conflicts as to whether this enhancement is mediated by an increase in the sensitivity or a decrease in the threshold of the peripheral chemoreflex ventilatory response to @entity544 . Employing a modified rebreathing technique to assess chemoreflex function, we found evidence of the latter in nine healthy volunteers (six male, three female). Testing consisted of pairs of isoxic rebreathing tests at high and low levels of @entity26 , performed before, immediately after and 1 h after a 3 h isocapnic hypoxic exposure. No parameters changed significantly in the high- @entity26 rebreathing tests. In the low- @entity26 rebreathing tests there were no changes in non-chemoreflex ventilatory drives, or in the sensitivity to @entity544 , but the @entity544 response threshold decreased (approximately 1.5 mmHg) immediately after exposure, and the decrease persisted for 1 h (one-way repeated-measures ANOVA; P < 0.05). We repeated the protocol in five of the original nine volunteers, but this time exposing them to isocapnic normoxia. No trends or significant changes were observed in any of the rebreathing test parameters. These findings demonstrate that in the earliest stages of acclimatisation, there is a decrease in the threshold of the peripheral chemoreflex response to @entity544 , which persists for at least 1 h after the return to normoxia. We suggest that ventilatory acclimatisation to @entity519 results from this decreased threshold, reflecting an increase in the activity of the peripheral chemoreflex.

title: Changes in respiratory control after three hours of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['isocapnic hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['isocapnic hypoxia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In recent years alexithymia and attachment theory have been recognized as two parallel research lines trying to improve the information on the development and maintenance of @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ). However, no research has analyzed these constructs among @entity1 ' families. In this study we compared alexithymia and attachment in mothers of @entity1 with @entity1277 and a control group. Further, we hypothesized that mothers of daughters with @entity1277 with insecure and unresolved states of mind will reported high levels of alexithymia. Lastly, we explored the daughters' evaluations of @entity7310 . METHODS: 45 mothers of @entity2613 @entity1 and 48 mothers of healthy controls (N = 93) matched for age and socio-demographic variables were administered by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) (S), while two sub-groups of " @entity2613 " mothers (n = 20) and "non- @entity2613 " ones (n = 22) were assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Moreover, the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) was administered to the daughters for evaluating @entity7310 . RESULTS: Regarding alexithymia, no differences were found between @entity2613 and non- @entity2613 mothers according to the TAS-20, while @entity2613 mothers showed more unresolved AAI classifications than non- @entity2613 mothers. No correlations were found between the TAS-20 and the AAI. Lastly, @entity2613 mothers were evaluated more alexithymic by their daughters with the @entity2653 than those in the control group, and their alexithymic traits were significantly correlated with dismissing states of mind (idealization and lack of memory) in the AAIs. DISCUSSION: Our results highlighted an interesting discrepancy among mothers with @entity2613 daughters between the low level of alexithymia provided by their self-reports and the high level of alexithymia observed by their daughters, although the @entity2653 showed severe methodological limitations. Maternal attachment states of mind characterized by the lack of resolution of past losses could be connected to a confusing and incoherent quality of parenting.

title: When parenting fails: alexithymia and attachment states of mind in mothers of female XXXX with @entity1277 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'Observer Alexithymia Scale']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['maternal alexithymia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( @entity1289 -I) therapy reduces complications of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) even when the therapy is started very early after an acute event. This study sought to determine whether administration of @entity1289 -I therapy prior to @entity583 is related to subsequent @entity1 morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Chart review of 318 consecutive @entity1 admitted between September 1995 and December 1996 with a diagnosis of @entity583 . Outcome data were compared between @entity1 groups receiving @entity1289 -I therapy prior to @entity1188 and those who were not. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 (20%) were receiving prior @entity1289 -I therapy. They experienced smaller MIs, as determined by peak @entity908 kinase elevation (1066 +/- 134 vs. 1510 +/- 95 IU; p < 0.05), and fewer Q-wave @entity1188 (p < 0.05) than did @entity1 who were not receiving prior treatment. The severity of @entity453 , defined by an angiographic score, was similar for the two groups. Mortality rates, including @entity1 resuscitated from @entity2224 , were similar within the first 72 hours of admission (3% vs. 2%; p = NS), but @entity1 receiving prior @entity1289 -I therapy showed a greater long-term in-hospital mortality rate (14% vs. 5%; p < 0.05) related to more @entity712 deaths. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age, treatment with digoxin prior to @entity583 , and left ventricular ejection fraction after @entity1188 , but not @entity1289 -I therapy taken prior to @entity1188 , as significant independent predictors of mortality and combined morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In a group of @entity1 experiencing an @entity583 , those receiving prior @entity1289 -I therapy were more likely to sustain fewer transmural MIs and smaller @entity1188 . Chronic @entity1289 -I therapy may have cardioprotective effects during acute @entity741 .

title: Influence of prior @entity1289 inhibitor therapy on morbidity and mortality following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'MI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A finite-element study and in vitro experimental validation was performed for a parametric investigation of features that contribute to @entity174 risk in the metastatically involved spine. OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a three-dimensional poroelastic model of a metastatically compromised vertebral segment, to evaluate the effect of @entity75 on vertebral strains and pressures, and to determine the influence of loading and motion segment status (bone density, pedicle involvement, @entity1797 , and @entity5 size) on the relative risk of @entity174 initiation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Finite-element analysis has been used successfully to predict failure loads and @entity174 patterns for bone. Although models for vertebra affected with @entity5 have been presented, these have not been thoroughly validated experimentally. Consequently, their predictive capabilities remain uncertain. METHODS: A three-dimensional poroelastic finite-element model of the first lumbar vertebra and adjacent intervertebral discs, including a @entity5 of variable size, was developed. To validate the model, 12 cadaver spinal motion segments were tested in axial compression, in intact condition, and with simulated @entity690 . Features of the validated model were parametrically varied to investigate the effects of @entity5 size, trabecular bone density, pedicle involvement, applied loads, loading rates, and @entity1797 using outcome variables of vertebral bulge and vertebral axial deformation. RESULTS: Consistent trends between the experimental data and model predictions were observed. Overall, the model results suggest that @entity5 size contributes most toward the risk of initiating @entity174 , followed by the applied load magnitude and bone density. CONCLUSIONS: The parametric analysis suggests that the principal factors affecting the initiation of @entity174 in metastatically affected vertebrae are @entity5 size, magnitude of spinal loading, and bone density. Consequently, @entity1 -specific measures of these factors should be factored into decisions regarding clinical prophylaxis. Pedicle involvement or @entity1797 was less important according to the outcome measures in this study.

title: XXXX in the metastatically involved spine: development, validation, and parametric analysis of a three-dimensional poroelastic finite-element model.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['burst fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic defects']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Burst fracture']


abstract: @entity172 has been considered to be a neuroprotectant and a neuromodulator in many neuronal cell lines and tissue preparations. The protective effects of @entity172 may be mediated through classical @entity172 receptors (ERs), or may be due to its anti-oxidant properties which are independent of receptors. The current studies show that @entity53 (E2) is neuroprotective against beta-amyloid protein 25-35 (Abeta)-, @entity5212 ( @entity5212 )-, high density culture condition-, and serum deprivation-induced @entity528 in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells. SK-N-SH cells express @entity1783 , but not @entity1782 , as detected by Western blot analysis. Among all the insults, @entity5212 , high density culture and serum deprivation induce apoptotic cell death in this cell system as detected by ELISA determination of mono/oligonucleosomes and DNA laddering, while Abeta induces @entity39 cell death. The protective effects of E2 are abolished by the addition of @entity440 and @entity1299 in the @entity5212 treated cells, but not in the other models, suggesting that the effect of E2 in the @entity5212 model is probably associated with activation of @entity1783 . The addition of @entity1299 shows a mitogenic effect in SK-N-SH cells in the presence of E2 in control culture or in the Abeta treated groups. Also, @entity1299 induced expression of @entity1782 . Collectively, the current studies suggest that E2 is neuroprotective in apoptotic and @entity204 induced by multiple insults in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells. Involvement of ER is insult type dependent. @entity1299 is able to influence the expression of ERs, probably through upregulation of @entity1782 when @entity1783 is totally antagonized.

title: The neuroprotective effects of XXXX in SK-N-SH @entity521 cell cultures.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic death']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1205 and @entity2600 have activity in @entity788 . The combination of @entity1205 and @entity2600 is attractive because of preclinical evidence of synergy between the two drugs. We have previously demonstrated the safety of @entity1205 35 mg/m(2) and @entity2600 50 mg/m(2) given on days 1, 8, 15, and 21 of a 35-day schedule. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who had unresectable or metastatic @entity420 , bidimensionally measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2, and normal @entity648 levels were eligible. Tumor assessment was performed with computed tomography, computed tomographic angiography, or magnetic resonance imaging every 2 cycles. Response was graded according to World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS: We enrolled 37 eligible @entity1 . Principal grade 3/4 @entity137 were @entity294 (21%), @entity1398 (30%), and @entity4854 (30%). There were 3 @entity1 with @entity1398 and no toxic deaths. There were 4 early deaths. Among 36 evaluable @entity1 , 9 (24%) attained a partial response and 1 (3%) attained a complete response for an objective response rate of 27%. One @entity1 enrolled because she had been deemed to have unresectable disease but then underwent resection with negative margins after attaining a confirmed partial response. Median survival for all eligible @entity1 is 9.4 months (range 0-68+ months) with minimum follow-up for surviving @entity1 of 23.4 months. One-year survival is 43%. The @entity1 who attained a complete response is alive with recurrent disease at 68 months. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1205 / @entity2600 combination given on a weekly schedule is an active treatment for advanced @entity788 .

title: Phase II trial of weekly @entity1205 / XXXX combination in advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity8 among survivors of childhood unilateral @entity703 (RTs) is not well defined. We evaluated the prevalence of and possible risk factors for @entity8 by estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) categories and @entity740 ( @entity740 ) according to @entity8 : Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. PROCEDURE: Since 1978, 82 @entity1 were treated for @entity138 , according to the International Society of Pediatric Oncology protocols in a single oncology unit. Of the 67 survivors, those who underwent nephron sparing surgery, those with short-term follow-up or those who had bilateral and/or @entity66 or a second @entity5 were excluded. Thirty-five adult survivors (14   M/21F; mean age 25 years; mean follow-up 20 years) were studied by chemistry, kidney ultrasound, blood pressure measurement, urinanalysis. Correlations were investigated between the prevalence of eGFR categories and @entity740 and gender, age at diagnosis, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, body mass index, time of follow-up, and age at study. RESULTS: Eight (22.9%) survivors presented a mildly decreased eGFR (G2 category), the mean value was 80        9.78   ml/min/1.73m(2) (median 84.5, range 63-89). Three (8.6%) survivors had @entity740 and a fourth (2.9%) @entity101 . No significant correlations between G2 category and clinical variables were found. CONCLUSIONS: A small percentage of survivors had @entity740 or @entity101 after two decades. It is not yet clear whether a mildly decreased eGFR that does not constitute @entity740 in the absence of other markers ( @entity633 and/or kidney ultrasound abnormalities) is likely to progress to @entity740 . Health promotion programs to avoid comorbidities are required.

title: Long-term renal function in unilateral XXXX survivors treated according to International Society of Pediatric Oncology protocols.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['non-syndromic renal tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role and the effectiveness over time of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) as a first-step procedure to treat conjunctival reconstruction in late-stage @entity13592 ( @entity13592 ). DESIGN: Prospective interventional noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Nine eyes (9 @entity1 ) with advanced @entity13592 . METHODS: Preoperatively, the ocular surface conditions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry of conjunctival biopsy and impression cytology specimens. The amniotic membrane was obtained during cesarean section from @entity1 who were 39 weeks pregnant and seronegative for @entity1 @entity465 virus, @entity1956 and C, and syphilis; it was processed, histologically tested, and stored at -80 degrees C. After scar tissue was removed, the preserved amniotic membrane was placed over the @entity267 , the bulbar, and tarsal conjunctiva, and was secured with 8-0 Vicryl sutures to the conjunctival edges and the deep fornices with double-armed 6-0 silk sutures. In 2 cases a double layer of amniotic membrane was transplanted. All @entity1 received immunosuppressive systemic therapy and preservative-free tear substitutes and @entity230 topically for at least 6 months. During follow-up (average, 48 weeks; range, 28-96 weeks), a new standardized method was used to evaluate the @entity92 , and impression cytology testing was performed and @entity32 recorded and used as parameters for monitoring disease activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symblepharon, @entity101 , presence of conjunctival goblet cells, and the degree of @entity32 . RESULTS: The conjunctival surface was free from symblepharon in all subjects for the first 16 weeks. At the week 28 examination, a small area of symblepharon was present in four eyes (44.4%). The depth of the fornix was significantly (P < 0.0001, analysis of variance) improved at weeks 4, 16, and 28. The normal conjunctival epithelium with goblet cells was restored in 6 of 9 eyes (66.7%) at the week 4 examination and in 4 eyes (44.4%) at the week 28 examination. @entity32 was clinically but not statistically reduced. The visual acuity improved in 5 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: AMT can be a first-step procedure for ocular surface reconstruction in @entity13592 , but its effectiveness deteriorates slightly over time.

title: Role of amniotic membrane transplantation for conjunctival reconstruction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Conjunctival inflammation', 'conjunctival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased inferior fornix depth']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['fornix depth']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity13592 :: ('MESH:D010390', 'Disease') :: ['OCP', 'ocular-cicatricial pemphigoid']

answer: @entity13592 :: (MESH:D010390,Disease) :: ['ocular-cicatricial pemphigoid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the immunoexpression of @entity3544 and @entity993 proteins in consecutive areas of benign glands, @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) and @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Tissue from 91 @entity1 who had a radical prostatectomy was assessed by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of @entity3544 and @entity993 in adjacent areas of benign glands, @entity5436 and @entity263 . The results were correlated with various clinicopathological variables, e.g. age, total @entity1486 level, @entity5 stage, Gleason score, surgical margin involvement, extraprostatic extension, @entity3 , and perineural invasion. RESULTS: The @entity993 score in @entity5436 was lower than that in benign glands (P = 0.04) but there was no significant difference between the scores for @entity5436 and @entity5 . By contrast, @entity3544 expression was almost undetectable in benign glands, although there was substantially more in @entity5436 and @entity5 (P < 0.01). Some @entity1 had no expression of @entity3544 in @entity5 tissue, and had lower @entity3544 scores in benign glands and @entity5436 areas (P < 0.05). Interestingly, these @entity1 had a lower frequency of negative prognostic variables. The @entity5 @entity3544 score was higher in @entity1 with extraprostatic extension (P = 0.045) and @entity5 @entity993 expression was inversely correlated with @entity3 (P = 0.028). @entity5 and @entity5436 @entity993 expression appeared to decrease with advancing age (P = 0.008 and 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSION: Higher @entity3544 and lower @entity993 expression is correlated with adverse prognostic factors. The decline in @entity993 with advancing age in @entity5 and @entity5436 areas may be a possible explanation of the greater frequency of @entity263 in older @entity1 . A @entity3544 -negative @entity5 subgroup with a lower frequency of adverse prognostic factors was identified, which needs to be further explored.

title: A comparison of @entity3544 and @entity993 immunoexpression in benign glands, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['seminal vesicle invasion']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma']


abstract: 1. The effects of the withdrawal of @entity1338 and @entity63085 ( @entity63085 ) on the blood pressure and heart rate of chronically dosed @entity235 has been investigated. 2. The control heart rate was 75.4 beats/min and it varied considerably during therapy with @entity1338 (100-200 microgram/kg orally 2 X or 3 X daily for 10 days). 3 h after dosing it was always depressed, this reduction varying from 48.5% on day 1 to 32.2% on day 9. The heart rate was depressed 8 h after the initial dose but by day 9 heart rate was 37.6% above control at this time. 3. On withdrawal of @entity1338 heart rate displayed a marked rebound which reached a maximum of 59.9% above control 16 h after the last dose. 4. During @entity1338 treatment diastolic blood pressure fell by 23.3% from a control of 87.4 mmHg and on withdrawal it returned to control with no overshoot. 5. During treatment with @entity63085 (600 microgram/kg orally 3 X daily for 10 days) heart rate did not rise above the control level of 88.9 beats/min and diastolic blood pressure was decreased 21.6% from a control value of 113.7 mmHg. 6. On withdrawal of @entity63085 both blood pressure and heart rate returned to control levels without any overshoot. 7. The @entity591 on withdrawal of @entity1338 in @entity235 occurred with every animal treated and may represent a useful model for assessing the likelihood of other centrally acting antihypertensives to produce rebound in @entity1 . In this test situation @entity63085 did not produce @entity591 .

title: The withdrawal of centrally acting antihypertensives in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63085 :: ('MESH:C032860', 'Chemical') :: ['ICI 106270', '6-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo-(1,2-a)-imidazole hydrobromide']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['dogs', 'beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'rebound tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With @entity157 ( @entity157 ) screening and treatment, the incidence of diagnosing a case of extrahepatic @entity5 (EHPM) in @entity1 with @entity157 has increased. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and clinical outcomes of EHPM in @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent curative resection in Korea. METHODS: The clinical data of 250 @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent curative resection in our hospital from May 2003 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, overall survival, and causes of @entity204 were compared between @entity1 with @entity157 with or without EHPM. RESULTS: The prevalence of EHPM among the 250 @entity1 was 13.2% (n   =   33). The most common site of EHPM was the colorectal (n   =   10), followed by the stomach (n   =   9), breasts (n   =   4), and kidneys (n   =   3). @entity1 with EHPM were significantly older, and they presented with higher rates of comorbidities, a different etiology of @entity157 , and better liver function than @entity1 without EHPM. Interestingly, overall survival was significantly lower in the EHPM group, which more frequently displayed extrahepatic causes of @entity204 . Moreover, the presence of EHPM was an independent factor for overall survival in the study population. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of EHPM in @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent curative surgical resection was 13.2% in Korea, with @entity14 comprising most EHPMs (88%). The @entity1 with EHPM displayed significantly worse survival because of extrahepatic causes of @entity204 , which should be considered in the management of @entity157 in the future.

title: Prevalence and outcomes of extrahepatic @entity5 associated with XXXX in a Korean population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and stomach cancers']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advances in hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fulminant @entity99 is a severe @entity409 characterized by massive hepatocyte @entity39 and clinical signs of @entity1578 . This study explores the expression profile of microRNAs, which are regulators of a number of pathophysiological processes, during the early stage of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced @entity99 . METHODS: Balb/c @entity19 were given ConA injections to induce @entity879 . miRNA expression profiling in liver tissues was carried out by microarray analysis. The differentially expressed miRNAs were subjected to time sequence profile analysis, gene-miRNA regulatory network analysis, and gene ontology-miRNA regulatory network analysis. RESULTS: Eleven miRNAs among multiClass were found to be significantly differentially expressed between liver tissue in early stage @entity879 and normal control liver tissue. Mmu-miR-133a was the most differentially expressed with the strongest regulatory ability, regulating 47 mRNAs. @entity46438 was the most highly expressed in the microRNA-GO-Network and also exerted a strong regulatory ability. The expression profiles of miR-133a and @entity46438 were verified by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that, in the early stage, ConA-induced @entity879 induces a distinct miRNA expression profile. This differential miRNA expression profile may provide pathogenic clues and potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in acute and severe @entity409 .

title: MicroRNA expression profiles related to early stage @entity19 concanavalin A-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: Surgical treatment is the method of choice in cases of @entity6087 --as a rule: trephination, drainage with lavage, or repeated drainage (drain reinsertion where the haematoma has been evacuated insufficiently). A poorly manageable but non-negligible group is made up of @entity1 (about 5-12 % of all cases) where the less invasive methods of choice keep failing. The equally mini-invasive endoscopic technique appears to be one of the suitable therapeutical approaches before resorting to open-surgery revision. The adapted technique of @entity2003 permitting sufficient revision and treatment of the subdural space concerned is presented. The method is demonstrated on three case reports where routine trephination with lavage, drainage and repeated drain insertion failed. A very good improvement in clinical condition and graphic findings was achieved in two @entity1 . In the remaining one, the @entity16 improved ad integrum despite a tiny residual haematoma as visualized by CT. Two weeks later, a clinical relapse had developed and the @entity1 was treated with new trephination and drain reinsertion. The technical aspects of the modification of the endoscopic technique are discussed: stressing the advantages or low-degree invasiveness, scope for keeping intact the inner membrane of the haematoma and avoiding direct invasion of the cerebral tissue. The limits of the method are discussed as well. The authors regard this method as a useful addition to the surgical armamentarium, especially in cases of chronic subdural haematomas resisting conventional approaches.

title: XXXX treatment with a rigid endoscope.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological lesion']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid endoscope insertion']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['Chronic subdural haematoma']


abstract: Long-term neurological complications, termed sequelae, can result from @entity11410 , which are not well understood. In @entity1 survivors, alphavirus @entity198 can cause severe neurobehavioral changes, in the most extreme cases, @entity161 . In the present study, we aimed to adapt an animal model of @entity49062 survival to study the development of these long-term neurological complications. Upon low-dose @entity281 of wild-type @entity11897 @entity19 , asymptomatic and symptomatic groups were established and compared to mock-infected @entity19 to measure general health and baseline neurological function, including the acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition paradigm. Prepulse inhibition is a robust operational measure of sensorimotor gating, a fundamental form of information processing. Deficits in prepulse inhibition manifest as the inability to filter out extraneous sensory stimuli. Sensory gating is disrupted in @entity161 and other @entity146 , as well as @entity179 . Symptomatic @entity19 developed deficits in prepulse inhibition that lasted through 6 months post @entity281 ; these deficits were absent in asymptomatic or mock-infected groups. Accompanying prepulse inhibition deficits, symptomatic animals exhibited thalamus damage as visualized with H_E staining, as well as increased @entity9327 expression in the posterior complex of the thalamus and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These histological changes and increased @entity9327 expression were absent in the asymptomatic and mock-infected animals, indicating that glial scarring could have contributed to the prepulse inhibition phenotype observed in the symptomatic animals. This model provides a tool to test mechanisms of and treatments for the neurological sequelae of @entity11410 and begins to delineate potential explanations for the development of such sequelae post @entity281 .

title: XXXX Model of Neurological Complications Resulting from Encephalitic Alphavirus Infection.

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity11410 :: ('MESH:D018792', 'Disease') :: ['viral encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'a schizophrenic-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity49062 :: ('MESH:D018354', 'Disease') :: ['alphavirus infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: Current clinical techniques in dental practice include stem cell and tissue engineering applications. Dental stem cells are promising primary cell source for mainly tooth tissue engineering. Interaction of mesenchymal stem cell with epithelial and endothelial cells is strictly required for an intact tooth morphogenesis. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether @entity1 tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs) derived from wisdom tooth are suitable for endothelial and epithelial cell transformation in dental tissue regeneration approaches. Differentiation into endothelial and epithelial cell lineages were mimicked under defined conditions, confirmed by real time PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis by qualitative and quantitative methods. HUVECs and HaCaT cells were used as positive controls for the endothelial and epithelial differentiation assays, respectively. Immunocytochemical and western blotting analysis revealed that terminally differentiated cells expressed cell-lineage markers including @entity2279 , @entity319 , @entity3545 , @entity2881 (endothelial cell markers), and cytokeratin (CK)-17, @entity4166 , @entity5960 , @entity2277 (epithelial cell markers) in significant levels with respect to undifferentiated control cells. Moreover, high expression levels of @entity6758 , @entity319 , @entity7 , CK-18, and @entity4166 genes were detected in differentiated endothelial and epithelial-like cells. Endothelial-like cells derived from hTGSCs were cultured on Matrigel, tube-like structure formations were followed as an indication for functional endothelial differentiation. hTGSCs successfully differentiate into various cell types with a broad range of functional abilities using an in vitro approach. These findings suggest that hTGSCs may serve a potential stem cell source for tissue engineering and cell therapy of epithelial and endothelial tissue.

title: In vitro differentiation of XXXX tooth germ stem cells into endothelial- and epithelial-like cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Developmental differences in short- and long-term responses to @entity158 , especially surgical @entity158 , have received minimal attention. The purpose of the present study was to examine postoperative responses in @entity35 of developmental ages paralleling the @entity1 to young adult @entity1 . METHODS: The withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament testing and withdrawal latency to hind-paw radiant heating were determined before and for various times after hind-paw incision in @entity35 2, 4, and 16 weeks of age. Control @entity35 of these ages were observed serially without surgery. RESULTS: In control animals, younger @entity35 were more sensitive to mechanical stimulation and less sensitive to thermal stimulation. Paw incision resulted in similar changes to both types of stimulation in all age groups, peaking 4 h after surgery. However, the return to normal sensitivity to mechanical stimulation, as measured by return of threshold to 80% of normal, occurred more quickly in 2-week-old than in 4- and 16-week-old animals. In contrast, there was no age difference for time to return to normal sensitivity to thermal stimulation after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The more rapid recovery of the younger animals from the mechanical @entity1931 but not thermal @entity56 after surgery suggests the presence of developmental differences in modulation of A-fiber sensitization after surgery. However, the lack of age difference in recovery of thermal @entity56 after surgery suggests that sensitization of @entity7183 input has a similar time course of resolution of @entity158 over the ages studied in this model. The neural bases for these developmental differences are under study and may lead to a better understanding of @entity158 during development and altered approaches to treatment of @entity282 in neonates and @entity1 .

title: Age-dependent responses to thermal @entity1931 and mechanical @entity1931 in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['acute postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) is a reliable indicator of peripheral muscle strength. Although, numerous studies have investigated the strength of hand grip; little attention has been given to @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 , exploring the relationship between @entity8566 and myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2) index. The current study aimed to evaluate the interaction between @entity8566 and MVO2 index findings before and after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity453 had @entity8566 were assessed using handheld dynamometer. @entity8566 for each hand were documented. MVO2 index was assessed using rate pressure product (RPP), which is the product of the @entity551 (SBP). Repeated measures MANOVA were carried out to estimate the interaction between both hands @entity8566 and MVO2 index before and after surgery. RESULTS: There was significant interactions (P<0.001) for both @entity8566 dominant and non-dominant with large effect sizes ( @entity8566 dominant*MVO2 index: hp (2)=0.44; @entity8566 dominant*RPP: hp (2)=0.49). This signifies that peripheral muscle strength of the upper limb ( @entity8566 dominant and non-dominant) had different effects on MVO2 index before and after surgery. The interaction graph shows that the increase in MVO2 index after surgery was significantly greater for peripheral muscle strength of the dominant hand when compared to non-dominant. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity453 had interactions between @entity8566 and @entity26 consumption before and after surgery. Hence, @entity8566 might be used as a predictor to assess @entity26 consumption among cardiac @entity1 .

title: Hand Grip Strength and Myocardial XXXX Consumption Index among Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['Hand grip strength', 'HGS']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: @entity851 has been described in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Both the direct action of underlying disease and prolonged @entity228 usage for disease management may contribute to growth impairment. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of systemic @entity228 treatment on attained adult height in @entity1 with @entity309 . We reviewed @entity1 who first visited our hospital from 1973 to 1995 with a diagnosis of @entity309 . @entity4479 ( @entity4479 ) and the reported parental heights of these @entity1 were recorded. Target height (TH) is estimated according to midparental height. @entity1 who never had or had only transient (less than 1 week) systemic @entity228 therapy were classified as group 1. Group 2 included @entity1 who had @entity228 therapy for more than 1 week but never continuously for more than 12 months, and group 3 included @entity1 on long-term @entity134 treatment (continuously for more than 1 year). Height data were analysed using adult height and the difference between adult height and target height ( @entity4479 minus TH). Thirty-three @entity1 fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for @entity309 were reviewed. Fourteen belonged to group 1, 13 to group 2 and six to group 3. The difference between adult height and target height in group 1 was 2.96 +/- 4.54 cm, in group 2 0.71 +/- 6.08 cm (group 1 vs. group 2, P = 0.28), and in group 3 -11.65 +/- 10.71 cm (group 1 vs. group 3, P<0.05). In 15 @entity1 who never received @entity228 therapy continuously for more than 1 year, @entity4479 was statistically correlated neither with the cumulative @entity228 exposure dose nor with cumulative @entity228 exposure period by linear regression ( P = 0.408, P = 0.278, respectively). We concluded that continuous systemic @entity228 usage for less than 1 year does not affect attained adult height in @entity309 @entity1 ; however, prolonged @entity228 treatment for more than 1 year can lead to irreversible growth impairment.

title: Attained adult height in @entity309 with or without XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth impairment']

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['AH-TH', 'Adult height', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity299 may occur after @entity510 ( @entity510 ). Although it is associated with poor outcome, the pathophysiological mechanism of this association remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between cardiac function and cerebral perfusion in @entity1 with @entity510 . METHODS: We studied 72 @entity510 @entity1 admitted within 72  h after ictus with echocardiography and cerebral CT perfusion within 24  h after admission. @entity299 was defined as @entity296 or positive troponin. In @entity1 with and without @entity299 , we calculated the mean perfusion [cerebral blood flow (CBF) and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 )] in standard regions of interest and calculated differences with 95  % confidence intervals (95  % CI). RESULTS: In 35 @entity1 with @entity299 minimal CBF was 15.83  mL/100  g/min compared to 18.59 in 37 without (difference of means -2.76; 95  % CI -5.43 to -0.09). Maximal @entity1054 was 26.94  s for @entity1 with and 23.10  s for @entity1 without @entity299 (difference of means 3.84; 95  % CI 1.63-6.05). Mean global CBF was 21.71  mL/100  g/min for @entity1 with @entity299 and 24.67  mL/100  g/min for @entity1 without @entity299 (-2.96; 95  % CI -6.19 to 0.27). Mean global @entity1054 was 25.27  s for @entity1 with @entity299 and 21.26 for @entity1 without @entity299 (4.01; 95  % CI 1.95-6.07). CONCLUSION: @entity510 @entity1 with @entity299 have decreased focal and global cerebral perfusion. Further studies should evaluate whether this relation is explained by a direct effect of @entity299 on cerebral circulation or by an external determinant, such as a hypercatecholaminergic or hypometabolic state, influencing both cardiac function and cerebral perfusion.

title: Relationship Between Cardiac Dysfunction and Cerebral Perfusion in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'aSAH']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of severe @entity131 1 year after @entity130 . RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective study conducted at the neurosurgical department of a university hospital. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A total of 24 @entity1 were included. Outcome was assessed by means of Glasgow outcome scale, Barthel index, Functional independence measure (FIM) and Disability rating scale (DRS). Need of care and job ability were also evaluated. EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received multimodal early-onset stimulation and continuous inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Six @entity1 died, three remained in a vegetative state, six were severely disabled, six were moderately disabled and three achieved a good recovery 1 year after injury. Mean Barthel index was 68.9, mean FIM was 88.3 and mean DRS 27.7. The majority of @entity1 still were at least intermittently dependent on care. Most of the @entity130 survivors were unable to work. CONCLUSIONS: Despite intensive rehabilitation treatment, severe @entity131 is still burdened with significant mortality and morbidity.

title: Outcome of prolonged coma following severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: AIMS: Some @entity1 @entity5 stimulate lymphangiogenesis through the over-production of vascular endothelial growth factors C/D ( @entity27484 ). Previously little attention has been paid to the mechanisms of lymphogenous spread of salivary @entity2347 (SACC). The current study investigates the presence of lymphatic network and the role of @entity9961 and @entity9205 in its formation. METHODS: The retrospective study was performed in 20 (12 females and 8 males) @entity1 diagnosed with SACC. For the evaluation of @entity9961 /D immunoreactivity, semiquantitative histoscore was calculated as a sum of positive @entity5 cell score (range 0-3) and staining intensity (range 0-3). Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was determined as the number of D2-40 positive lymphatic capillaries present at "hot spots". Moreover, the values of histoscores were calculated in surrounding normal parotid parenchyma and compared to those counted in @entity5 . LVD in the @entity5 center (iLVD), in its periphery (pLVD), and in healthy gland were identified. RESULTS: @entity9961 /D expression, iLVD and pLVD were higher in SACC than in normal gland. The @entity9961 /D score correlated neither with pLVD nor with iLVD. High iLVD values were associated with poor survival. CONCLUSIONS: The authors present the first study demonstrating the existence of lymphatic vessels in SACC.

title: Expression of XXXX /-D and lymphangiogenesis in salivary @entity2347 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

answer: @entity9961 :: (7424,Gene) :: ['VEGF-C']


abstract: @entity3976 are rare entities that occur when the temporal lobe herniates into the sphenoid sinus through a skull base defect of the temporal bone. Both an iatrogenic and a traumatic pathogenesis have been proposed. The authors describe a spontaneously occurring @entity3976 in a 63-year-old @entity1 who had a 4-year history of @entity5254 . Spiral computerized tomography (CT) scanning revealed a @entity79 located inside the ophthalmomaxillary triangle. The intrasphenoidal encephalocele had a heterogeneously hypointense signal compared with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and a hyperintense signal compared with CSF on T2-weighted MR images. Two previous endonasal endoscopic procedures, performed by ear, nose, and throat surgeons, had been unsuccessful. The authors performed an endoscopic endonasal right nostril procedure by using 0 degrees and 45 degrees rigid-lens endoscopes that were 4 mm in diameter and 18 cm long. The encephalocele in the sphenoid sinus was partially removed. DuraGen and fat graft were positioned in the @entity79 . Two No. 2 French detachable @entity1346 balloons (1.5 cm3 volume) inflated with surgical glue were introduced into the skull defect and into the sphenoid sinus, respectively. The CSF leakage stopped immediately. No nasal packing or postoperative CSF lumbar drainage was necessary. The @entity1 did well. Postoperative CT and MR imaging, obtained at 24 hours and at 3 months, demonstrated that the balloon and the fat graft filled the @entity79 . Eight months postprocedure no CSF leakage was observed. This appears to be the first case reported in the literature of a @entity3976 successfully treated by an endoscopic endonasal technique involving packing of the defect with inflated detachable balloons.

title: Endoscopic endonasal treatment of a spontaneous @entity3976 with a detachable XXXX balloon. Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['temporosphenoidal encephalocele', 'Temporosphenoidal encephaloceles']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect and the sphenoid sinus', 'bone defect']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: The significance of @entity124 ( @entity124 ) as a prognostic predictor for resectable @entity788 @entity1 was examined. Forty-six histologically confirmed @entity788 @entity1 who had undergone resection were studied. DNA was extracted from the paraffin block sections by means of the microdissection method. PCR was performed using eight microsatellite primer marker sets. The mixed PCR sample was analyzed by a genetic analyzer. The number of @entity124 -positive @entity1 was eight (17.4%) as determined by assessment of microsatellite variations in three or more of the eight tested markers. Univariate analysis revealed that @entity1 with @entity5 had significantly longer survival times than @entity1 with @entity5 , although there were no significant differences in clinicopathological factors between the two groups (median survival term, 62 months versus 10 months, respectively; P = 0.011). According to univariate survival analysis, @entity1 with T3/T4, N1, or M1 @entity5 , as classified by Union Internationale Contre le @entity5 staging, had significantly shorter survival times than @entity1 with less progressive @entity5 . Multivariate survival analysis indicated that @entity124 status had an independent predictive value (hazard ratio = 5.577; P = 0.007). The @entity5 -infiltrating leukocyte intensity in @entity5 was significantly larger than that in @entity5 , suggesting that @entity5 may induce stronger antitumor immunity. In conclusion, a @entity1 with @entity788 may have a comparatively better prognosis after resection, possibly due to intensive immunoreaction to the @entity5 .

title: Prognostic value of XXXX in resectable @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-positive pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MSI-negative tumors', 'MSI-positive tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity124 :: (MESH:D053842,Disease) :: ['microsatellite instability']


abstract: In 2008, a systematic review revealed that evidence-based data on efficacy and safety of treatments in paediatric @entity1569 are scarce and with low level of evidence. In recent years, publications on this topic have increased exponentially. To present a systematic, evidence-based update on the efficacy and safety of systemic treatments in paediatric @entity1569 and to provide treatment recommendations, an update of the previous review was performed. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trial Register were searched between January 2007 and March 2014 for all available literature on efficacy and safety of all systemic treatments in paediatric @entity1569 . The levels of evidence were determined on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence. The newly retrieved evidence was combined with the evidence available in the former review. Fifty-two studies were included: 36 from the former review, plus 16 new articles. New evidence on induction therapy was mainly available on @entity15627 (FAEs), which are shown to be effective in a subgroup of @entity1 . Long-term (96  weeks) safety and efficacy data on etanercept were found. Prospective studies are scarce. Most conclusions are formulated on studies with low level of evidence. Of the conventional systemic treatments, @entity1499 still has the most evidence albeit in a low number of @entity1 and with a low level of evidence. FAEs seem to be effective in a subgroup of @entity1 , with gastro-intestinal complaints, flushes and temporary shifts in leucocyte counts and liver enzymes being the main side-effects. Etanercept has still accumulated most evidence of the available systematic treatments, with a large efficacy and reassuring safety profile in a 96-week follow-up.

title: Systemic treatments in paediatric XXXX : a systematic evidence-based update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity15627 :: ('MESH:D005650', 'Chemical') :: ['fumaric acid esters']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recurrent @entity113 , characterized by skin swelling, colicky attacks of @entity490 , and life-threatening @entity4 , can be either hereditary or acquired. According to anecdotal reports, it may be associated with use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. We investigated potential interactions between these medications and various types of recurrent @entity113 in a large cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity113 (n = 516) underwent a thorough medical evaluation. They were then classified by type of @entity113 , using standard criteria. RESULTS: Of the 516 @entity1 , 228 (44%) had used oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, including 103 (45%) with @entity110 -related @entity113 , 50 (22%) with @entity113 , 39 (17%) with @entity7058 , 32 (14%) with @entity33427 , and 4 (2%) with @entity113 induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy led to @entity113 attacks in 46 @entity1 (20%), including 20 (63%) of the @entity1 with @entity33427 , 24 (62%) of those with @entity7058 , and 2 (4%) of those with @entity113 . These 46 @entity1 included 26 in whom symptoms occurred for the first time after use of these medications and 20 in whom pre-existing recurrent @entity113 worsened considerably. CONCLUSION: Oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy can either induce or exacerbate symptoms of @entity7058 , or @entity113 . However, many @entity1 with these diseases tolerate these medications without having any effects on their @entity113 .

title: Recurrent episodes of skin angioedema and severe attacks of XXXX induced by oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal edema']

entities_list: @entity33427 :: ('MESH:D056829', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema type I']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic angioedema', 'angioedema']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity7058 :: ('MESH:D056828', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema type I or type III', 'hereditary angioedema type III']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between minimal apparent diffusion coefficient (minADC) and expression of Ki-67 in @entity11 . METHODS: Findings from 78 @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity11 (grade II:n = 28, grade III: n = 21, grade IV: n = 29) were analyzed retrospectively. The minADC value of each @entity5 was determined on ADC maps. The Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) of surgical specimen was measured. The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The mean value of minADC for @entity11 of grade II ((1.23    0.23)*10(-3) mm(2/s)) was higher than that of grade III ((0.92    0.20)*10(-3) mm(2/s)) (P < 0.01) and than that of grade IV ((0.80    0.16)*10(-3) mm(2)/s) (P < 0.01). But no significant difference existed between the mean value of minADC of grade III and that of grade IV (P = 0.069). There were significant negative correlations between minADC and different @entity5 grades (r = -0.678, P < 0.01). The mean value of Ki-67 @entity894 showed significant differences between grade II (3.6%    2.3%), grade III (14.8%    7.3%) and grade IV (29.9%    13.1%) (P < 0.01). There were significant positive correlations between Ki-67 @entity894 and different @entity5 grades (r = 0.835, P < 0.01). And a negative correlation existed between minADC and Ki-67 @entity894 (r = -0.556, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The value of minADC is useful for predicting @entity11 grade.

title: [Correlation between minimal apparent diffusion coefficient and expression of Ki-67 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Two variants ( @entity67546 ; @entity67546 and @entity67547 ;[ @entity67547 ]) in the @entity25915 gene are the most common genetic causes of recessively inherited @entity7961 ( @entity7961 ). Our objective was to analyze in detail the origin of the two most prevalent variants. In the multicentric study were included 237 @entity1 with @entity7961 and their 15 relatives carrying @entity67546 ; @entity67546 or @entity67547 ;[ @entity67547 ] or @entity67546 ;[ @entity67547 ]. They originated from 21 different countries worldwide. We genotyped 21 single-nucleotide variant markers flanking the 9.6-Mb region around the @entity25915 gene that are not in mutual linkage disequilibrium in the general populations - a finding of a common haplotype would be indicative of ancestral origin of the variant. Haplotypes were reconstructed by Phase and Haploview software, and the variant age was estimated using an allelic association method. We demonstrated the ancestral origin of both variants - @entity67546 was carried on 0.2   Mb-long haplotype in a majority of European @entity1 arising ~101 generations ago (confidence interval 90.1-116.4). @entity1 from the Iberian Peninsula displayed a different haplotype, which was estimated to have emerged 23.3 (20.1-29.1) generations ago. Subsequently, the data indicated that both the haplotypes were transmitted to Latin American @entity1 ~13.8 (12.2-17.0) and 16.4 (14.4-20.1) generations ago, respectively. The @entity67547 variant that was carried on a haplotype spanning about 0.3   Mb was estimated to appear 43.7 (38.4-52.7) generations ago. We present strong evidence that the most frequent variants in the @entity25915 gene are not a consequence of variant hot spots as previously assumed, but are founder variants.European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 10 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.126.

title: Genesis of two most prevalent @entity25915 gene variants causing combined XXXX in 21 populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['combined pituitary hormones deficiency', 'CPHD']

answer: @entity7961 :: (MESH:C580003,Disease) :: ['pituitary hormone deficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: The study goal was to evaluate whether the 3-year follow-up evaluation of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) discectomy in a consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity1348 internal derangement was a reliable predictor for the 10-year outcome of the operation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity1348 internal derangement were treated with discectomies, 6 bilaterally and 23 unilaterally. The @entity1 were followed up for 10 years. RESULTS: The dropout rate was zero at the 3-year follow-up, and 5 @entity1 (17.2%) had dropped out at the 10-year follow-up. There was a significant reduction in the median visual analog scale recordings, and all but 1 @entity1 reported reduction in the @entity158 score. Mandibular motion increased significantly after 3 years, and similar or improved recordings were made at the 10-year follow-up. All but 5 @entity1 showed an increased motion at the 10-year follow-up compared with the preoperative motion. The only complication seen at the 10-year follow-up examination was a slight anesthesia of the @entity8810 in 1 @entity1 . All types of additional therapy decreased significantly after the operations. CONCLUSIONS: Discectomy of the @entity1348 may significantly reduce @entity158 and improve function in @entity1 with internal derangement on a long-term basis. The 3-year follow-up examination proved to be a reliable predictor of the 10-year results.

title: Discectomy of the XXXX : 3-year follow-up as a predictor of the 10-year outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['auriculotemporal nerve']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interferon beta 1b (IFN beta-1b) has showed a reduction of exacerbation rate and a decrease in @entity15 activity as evidenced by MRI. After the approval of IFN beta-1b in our country more than 1,000 @entity1 are under treatment, however the experience is limited. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical results and the tolerance of IFN beta-1b during the postmarketing period in our country. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 95 @entity1 treated with IFN beta-1b. An exhaustive follow-up has been performed in order to assess the tolerance and the efficacy of the drug. We registered the haematological and biochemical abnormalities, secondary effects, relapses, clinical evolution and drop-outs. RESULTS: Mean age was 32.5 +/- 9 years, and the mean follow-up was 13.2 months. Seventy @entity1 (74%) have been followed for more than one year. @entity854 are frequent, @entity2905 being the most common finding (37%). Flulike symptoms appear in 90% of the @entity1 and skin reaction in the 70%. We have observed a drop-out rate of 7%. One @entity1 developed @entity308 symptoms and the treatment was temporally discontinued. We have observed a significant decrease in relapses of the disease, @entity717 has not changed in the first year after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: IFN beta-1b has been well tolerated in the postmarketing period. The profile of secondary effects is similar, although not identical to that reported. The @entity1 awareness of secondary effects and the realistic expectations of the drug are important in order to decrease the drop-out rate.

title: [Profile of efficacy and safety in the treatment of remittent-recurrent XXXX with interferon beta-1b].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Haematological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['however disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if pRCCs demonstrate intracellular lipid (i-lipid) at chemical-shift (CS) MRI, and assess T2W-MRI and pathologic characteristics. METHODOLOGY: Sixty-two @entity1 with a @entity1358 diagnosis underwent MRI over 11  years (IRB-approved). Two radiologists independently assessed  for presence of i-lipid  on CS-MRI and homogeneity on T2W-MRI. Inter-observer agreement was assessed via an intraclass correlation and results were compared using the Chi-square test. Discordant cases were reviewed to establish consensus. T2W SI-ratios (SI. @entity5 /SI.kidney) and CS-SI index were compared using independent  t-tests and Spearman correlation. Two pathologists re-evaluated the histopathology. RESULTS: Nine of the 62 pRCCs (14.5  %) demonstrated i-lipid; agreement was moderate (ICC   =   0.63). Pathology review depicted clear cells in four @entity5 and foamy histiocytes in five @entity5 . 25.8-35.4  % (ICC   =   0.65) of @entity5 were homogeneous on T2W-MRI. No @entity1358 with i-lipid was considered homogeneous (p   =   0.01-0.04). Overall, T2W SI-ratio and CS-SI index were 0.89 (  0.29) and -3.63  % (-7.27 to 11.42). @entity1358 with i-lipid had significantly higher T2W SI-ratio (p   =   0.003). There was a correlation between the CS-SI index and T2W SI-ratio, (r   =   0.44, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intracellular lipid is uncommonly detected in pRCCs due to clear cell changes and foamy histiocytes. These @entity5 are associated with heterogeneously-increased SI in T2W-MRI. KEY POINTS:     A minority of pRCCs demonstrate intracellular lipid in CS-MRI.     Quantitatively, intracellular lipid in pRCCs is  minimal (<25   %).     Intracellular lipid in pRCCs are from clear cell heterogeneity or foamy histiocytes.     pRCCs with intracellular lipid are heterogeneously hyperintense at T2W-MRI.     pRCCs that are homogeneously hypointense at T2W-MRI do not contain intracellular lipid.

title: Intracellular lipid in XXXX ( @entity1358 ): T2 weighted (T2W) MRI and pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumours']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Local clinical control of the @entity66 was evaluated in 209 @entity1 with stage C @entity263 treated with definitive external beam radiation therapy and followed for a minimum of 2 years. Of these @entity1 92 per cent required no further prostatic operations for obstruction. Prostatectomy before therapy did not necessarily prevent later prostatic obstruction from occurring. Of 129 @entity1 who had only a needle biopsy before irradiation 90 per cent had improvement of the obstructive and/or irritative symptoms as @entity5 regression occurred with therapy and these @entity1 did not require a later prostatic operation for obstruction. @entity850 formation occurred in 8 per cent of the @entity1 and was not influenced by the type of preirradiation prostatic operation done. If transurethral resection was reuqired after irradiation it was technically more difficult but the morbidity was acceptable. The incidence of @entity811 and @entity322 was far less than that reported in non-irradiated @entity1 with this disease. Most @entity5 exhibited a down-grading effect after irradiation. There were no deaths attributable to the treatment. Over-all, 83 per cent of the 209 @entity1 had no urinary complaints after completion of therapy. From a urological viewpoint, good clinical local control is achieved in the @entity1 with stage C @entity263 treated with external beam radiation therapy.

title: XXXX : local control with external beam radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stricture']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: Recent studies have suggested that spontaneous release of @entity2124 as well as @entity2124 secretion stimulated by exogenous @entity7704 are influenced by central nervous mechanisms that regulate sleep and wakefulness. Here, the effect of nocturnal wakefulness on @entity2124 secretion stimulated by i.v. administration of @entity7704 was examined in two experiments in healthy @entity1 . On all nights, @entity7704 (1 microgram/kg BW) was injected after the subjects had slept for about 2.5 h to minimize interference of endogenous release of @entity2124 during early sleep with the response to exogenous @entity7704 . Both experiments included a control condition to assess @entity2124 secretory responses to @entity7704 during undisturbed sleep and an experimental condition to assess the effect of wakefulness. In the control conditions, subjects slept throughout the night, and @entity7704 was administered 170 min after sleep onset. In the experimental condition of Exp I (n = 10), subjects were awakened 150 min after sleep onset and stayed awake. @entity7704 was given 20 min after awakening. In the experimental condition of Exp II (n = 8), subjects were awakened 30 min after @entity7704 treatment, which was administered 170 min after sleep onset. @entity7704 administrations during sleep fell into epochs of stage 2 sleep or rapid eye @entity10522 . @entity2124 secretion and sleep characteristics before @entity7704 administrations were comparable for experimental and control conditions of both experiments. @entity2124 secretory responses were inhibited when the subject was awake at the time of @entity7704 administration compared to @entity2124 responses during undisturbed sleep. Awakening the subject 30 min after @entity7704 administration abruptly interrupted the initiated @entity2124 secretory response. The results demonstrate a profound inhibitory effect of nocturnal awakenings on @entity7704 -induced @entity2124 secretion. They indicate that the @entity2124 secretory response to @entity7704 is strongly determined by central nervous system sleep-wake activity.

title: Nocturnal wakefulness inhibits @entity2124 ( XXXX )-releasing hormone-induced @entity2124 secretion.

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['GH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) remains uncommon among South African blacks. Habitual physical activity contributes to the low prevalence of @entity301 in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the physical activity levels of black South Africans in the North West Province and to assess the relationship between physical activity and the prevalence of risk factors for @entity65 in a cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Apparently healthy volunteers (n = 946) were recruited from randomly selected sites in the North West Province, South Africa. Measurements were made in community halls. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements and physical activity were determined. Blood pressures were measured, blood was drawn and serum and plasma samples were prepared. Biochemical variables were determined using standardised methodology. RESULTS: @entity1 were significantly more active than @entity1 , with mean physical activity index (PAI) scores of 3.66 +/- 1.78 and 2.75 +/- 1.04 respectively (P = 0.0001). Subjects in the deep rural areas were more inactive than more urbanized subjects. With multivariate tests in @entity1 , no statistically significant differences in @entity301 risk could be found with increasing physical activity, except for fasting insulin, which was significantly lower in the moderately active group than in the inactive group. In @entity1 , the most active group had a significantly higher mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 concentration than the most inactive group and also a significantly lower mean @entity412 concentration. The most active group of @entity1 also had a significantly higher mean fasting serum @entity413 than the less active group. Among both @entity1 and @entity1 , inactive overweight subjects had the highest mean systolic blood pressure, total serum @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 , only fasting serum insulin was significantly associated with physical inactivity, but in @entity1 , a number of @entity65 risk factors were significantly associated with physical inactivity especially in overweight subjects.

title: Physical inactivity as a risk factor for XXXX in communities undergoing rural to urban transition: the THUSA study.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A key feature of signalling in dendritic spines is the synapse-specific transduction of short electrical signals into biochemical responses. @entity141 is a major upstream effector in this transduction cascade, serving both as a depolarising electrical charge carrier at the membrane and an intracellular second messenger. Upon action potential firing, the majority of spines are subject to global back-propagating action potential (bAP) @entity141 transients. These transients translate neuronal suprathreshold activation into intracellular biochemical events. Using a combination of electrophysiology, two-photon @entity141 imaging, and modelling, we demonstrate that bAPs are electrochemically coupled to @entity141 release from intracellular stores via @entity8452 receptors (RyRs). We describe a new function mediated by spine RyRs: the activity-dependent long-term enhancement of the bAP- @entity141 transient. Spines regulate bAP @entity141 influx independent of each other, as bAP- @entity141 transient enhancement is compartmentalized and independent of the dendritic @entity141 transient. Furthermore, this functional state change depends exclusively on bAPs travelling antidromically into dendrites and spines. Induction, but not expression, of bAP- @entity141 transient enhancement is a spine-specific function of the @entity23963 . We demonstrate that RyRs can form specific @entity141 signalling nanodomains within single spines. Functionally, @entity23963 mediated @entity141 release in these nanodomains induces a new form of @entity141 transient plasticity that constitutes a spine specific storage mechanism of neuronal suprathreshold activity patterns.

title: XXXX Receptor Activation Induces Long-Term Plasticity of Spine Calcium Dynamics.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['Ryanodine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aim   Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided @entity530 drainage has been reported but long-term data remain limited. This two-center study evaluated long-term outcome of EUS-guided @entity530 drainage. @entity1 and methods   Between May 2003 and December 2015, 37 consecutive @entity1 were treated for perirectal or perisigmoid abscesses via EUS-guided drainage using plastic or lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS). Clinical success was defined as complete resolution of the @entity733 on follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan at 4 weeks with symptom relief. Long-term success was defined as @entity733 resolution without the need for surgery and without recurrence on long-term follow-up (>12 months). Results   Median @entity733 size was 60mm (interquartile range 41-70). Causes were postsurgical (n=31, 83.8%) or secondary to medical conditions (n=6, 16.2%). EUS-guided drainage involved needle aspiration (n=4), plastic stent placement (n=29) or LAMS placement (n=4 @entity1 ). Technical and clinical success was achieved in 37 @entity1 (100%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 91-100) and 34 @entity1 (91.9%; 95%CI 78-98), respectively (5 @entity1 needed a second EUS-guided intervention within 14 days after drainage). One @entity1 required surgery and one required best supportive care owing to persistent @entity733 . Early complications were perforation requiring surgery (n=1), stent migration (n=1), and rectal discomfort (n=1). At a median follow-up of 64 months (IQR 19-81), two @entity1 experienced @entity733 recurrence, at 3 and 12 months, respectively, and were treated surgically. Long-term success was achieved in 32 of 37 @entity1 (86.5%; 95%CI 71-95). Conclusion   EUS-guided drainage of @entity530 is safe, has good long-term outcome, and should be considered as an alternative to percutaneous and surgical drainage.

title: Long-term outcome of endoscopic ultrasound-guided XXXX drainage: a two-center series.

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic abscess']


abstract: The @entity270 family includes both @entity4793 and @entity271 , where a-tocopherol (aTOC) is the most bioavailable form. Clinical trials testing the therapeutic efficacy of high-dose aTOC against @entity64 have largely failed or reported negative outcomes when a "more is better" approach to supplementation (>400 IU/d) was used. This work addresses mechanisms by which supraphysiologic aTOC may contribute to @entity64 -induced @entity1545 . @entity385 and the neuroinflammatory response were studied in @entity4793 transfer protein-deficient @entity19 maintained on a diet containing aTOC @entity270 at the equivalent @entity1 dose of 1680 IU/d. @entity385 -induced @entity1545 was exacerbated in the presence of supraphysiologic brain aTOC levels. At 48 h after @entity64 , @entity2658 and @entity32449 expression was increased in @entity64 -affected cortex of @entity19 with elevated brain aTOC levels. Such increases were concomitant with aggravated microglial activation and neuroinflammatory signaling. A poststroke increase in markers of oxidative injury and @entity179 in the presence of elevated brain aTOC establish that at supraphysiologic levels, aTOC potentiates neuroinflammatory responses to acute @entity385 . Exacerbation of microglial activation by excessive aTOC likely depends on its unique cell signaling regulatory properties independent of antioxidant function. Against the background of clinical failure for high-dose aTOC, outcomes of this work identify risk for exacerbating @entity64 -induced @entity1545 as a result of supplementing diet with excessive levels of aTOC.-Khanna, S., Heigel, M., Weist, J., Gnyawali, S., Teplitsky, S., Roy, S., Sen, C. K., Rink, C. Excessive a-tocopherol exacerbates microglial activation and @entity1545 caused by acute @entity385 .

title: Excessive a-tocopherol exacerbates microglial activation and XXXX caused by acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol', 'tocopherols']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity271 :: ('MESH:D024508', 'Chemical') :: ['tocotrienols']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: The kindling model in @entity35 with genetic @entity2048 is suitable for studying mechanisms involved in the propagation and generalization of @entity410 activity in the @entity410 and nonconvulsive components of @entity302 . In the present study, we compared the amygdala kindling rate and afterdischarge characteristics of the nonepileptic @entity35 control @entity35 with a well-validated model of @entity2048 , the WAG/Rij @entity35 , and demonstrated the effect of amygdala kindling on @entity11228 ( @entity11228 ) in the WAG/Rij group. METHODS: Electrodes were stereotaxically implanted into the basolateral amygdala of @entity35 for stimulation and recording and into the cortex for recording. After a recovery period, the animals were stimulated at their afterdischarge thresholds. EEG was recorded to analyze @entity11228 and afterdischarge durations. The @entity410 severity was evaluated by using Racine's 5-stage scale. RESULTS: All nonepileptic control and four of seven WAG/Rij animals reached a stage 5 @entity410 state, whereas three animals failed to reach stage 3, 4, or 5 and stayed at stage 2 after application of 30 stimulations. Interestingly, WAG/Rij @entity35 , resistant to kindling, demonstrated a significantly longer duration of @entity11228 on the first day of the experiment before kindling stimulation than did the kindled WAG/Rij animals. Additionally, the cumulative total duration and the number of @entity11228 after the kindling stimulation were statistically increased compared with @entity11228 before kindling stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study demonstrate that the progress of amygdala kindling is changed in @entity35 with genetic @entity2048 , perhaps as a consequence of the hundreds of daily @entity11228 .

title: Amygdala kindling in the WAG/Rij @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizure']

entities_list: @entity11228 :: ('MESH:C535500', 'Disease') :: ['spike-and-wave discharges', 'SWDs']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence epilepsy']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: A 48-hour trial of @entity619 coanalgesia became our standard practice in May 2008. This is our research Ethics Board-approved review of this experience to date with attention to perioperative @entity4784 use and @entity158 scores for the first 48 hours after surgery as well as length of stay (LOS), wound healing complications, and @entity281 in the first 6 months, compared with the historical precedent control cohort. METHODS: Surgical case logs identified cases of 1- and 2-level elective lumbar decompression and fusion surgery performed since protocol initiation (cases) and for a like period beforehand (controls). Minimum of 6 months follow-up (sufficient to identify acute and subacute wound healing problems and perioperative @entity281 ) information was required. Hospital, @entity158 Service, and office records were reviewed for the extraction of outcomes data. RESULTS: We identified 132 cases and 146 controls. In 41 additional cases records were deficient. Baseline characteristics were equivalent. Cases included 70 males (53%) and 62 females (47%) of mean age 54 years (range, 18-84 y). Seventy-five (57%) cases were @entity4784 dependant (mean of 79.5 mg- @entity1286 -equivalent daily). Controls included 78 males (53%) and 68 females (47%) of mean age 55 years (range, 27-85 y). Eighty-nine (61%) controls were @entity4784 dependant (mean 101.2 mg- @entity1286 -equivalents daily). Mean @entity1286 -equivalents narcotic consumption for 48 hours after surgery was 262.9 mg in cases and 280.7 mg in controls. VAS @entity158 scores at 48 hours after surgery averaged 4.4 and 6.9 during rest and activity in the cases, and 3.7 and 6.3 during rest and activity in the controls. LOS averaged 3.9 days in cases and 5.2 days in controls. Delayed wound @entity281 were not observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic @entity619 after 1- and 2-level lumbar fusion surgery demonstrated minimal impact on 48 hours perioperative @entity4784 use with no detriment to @entity158 control, wound healing, or @entity281 . LOS was shortened by 25%.

title: XXXX Perioperative Coanalgesia in Lumbar Spine Fusion: A Controlled Cohort Study of Efficacy and Safety.

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['narcotics']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'healing and surgical site infections']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is usually reduced in @entity161 ( @entity161 ), particularly to 40 Hz stimulation. The gamma frequency ASSR deficit has been attributed to @entity3391 receptor (NMDAR) @entity1887 . We tested whether the NMDAR antagonist, @entity12781 ( @entity4426 ), produced similar ASSR deficits in @entity35 . EEG was recorded from awake @entity35 via intracranial electrodes overlaying the auditory cortex and at the vertex of the skull. ASSRs to click trains were recorded at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 55 Hz and measured by ASSR Mean Power (MP) and @entity1688 ( @entity1688 ). In Experiment 1, the effect of different subcutaneous doses of @entity4426 (1.0, 2.5 and 4.0 mg/kg) on the ASSR in 12 @entity35 was assessed. In Experiment 2, ASSRs were compared in @entity4426 treated @entity35 and control @entity35 at baseline, after acute injection (5 mg/kg), following two weeks of subchronic, continuous administration (5 mg/kg/day), and one week after drug cessation. Acute administration of @entity4426 increased @entity1688 and MP at frequencies of stimulation below 50 Hz, and decreased responses at higher frequencies at the auditory cortex site. Acute administration had a less pronounced effect at the vertex site, with a reduction of either @entity1688 or MP observed at frequencies above 20 Hz. Acute effects increased in magnitude with higher doses of @entity4426 . Consistent effects were not observed after subchronic @entity4426 administration. These data indicate that acute administration of @entity4426 , a NMDAR antagonist, produces an increase in ASSR synchrony and power at low frequencies of stimulation and a reduction of high frequency (> 40 Hz) ASSR activity in @entity35 . Subchronic, continuous administration of @entity4426 , on the other hand, has little impact on ASSRs. Thus, while ASSRs are highly sensitive to NMDAR antagonists, their translational utility as a cross-species biomarker for NMDAR @entity1887 in @entity161 may be dependent on dose and schedule.

title: @entity12781 Disrupts the Auditory Steady State Response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['Phase Locking Factor', 'PLF']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ', 'SZ and other disorders']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']