abstract: Radical prostatectomy is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of @entity263 . One of the long-term complications is @entity323 . There is little consensus on the optimal management; however, it is agreed that treatment must be prompt to prevent @entity82 and increase oxygenation of penile tissue. It is vital that @entity1 expectations are discussed, a realistic time frame of treatment provided, and treatment started as close to the prostatectomy as possible. Current treatment regimens rely on phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors as a first-line therapy, with vacuum erection devices and intraurethral suppositories of @entity5015 as possible treatment combination options. With nonresponders to these therapies, intracavernosal injections are resorted to. As a final measure, @entity1 undergo the highly invasive penile prosthesis implantation. There is no uniform, objective treatment program for @entity323 post-radical prostatectomy. Management plans are based on poorly conducted and often underpowered studies in combination with physician and @entity1 preferences. They involve the aforementioned drugs and treatment methods in different sequences and doses. Prospective treatments include dietary supplements and gene therapy, which have shown promise with there proposed mechanisms of improving erectile function but are yet to be applied successfully in @entity1 @entity1 .

title: Management of XXXX post-radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['alprostadil']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: General anesthesia draws attention to the most commonly used modalities for post cesarean @entity158 relief in systemic administration of opioids, while the administration of small dose of intrathecal opioid during spinal anesthesia can be a possible alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of @entity4783 on cesarean section prescribed intrathecally. METHODS: This double blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted in @entity1 for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The @entity1 were randomly divided into case and control groups. Case group (208 @entity1 ) received 65-70 mg of 5% @entity3303 plus 0.2 ml of @entity4783 while the same amount of 5% @entity3303 diluted with 0.2 ml of normal saline was given to 234 cases in the control group. Hemodynamic changes and neonatal APGAR scores (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) were recorded. @entity158 score was recorded according to the visual analog scale. This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of clinical Trials; IRCT2013022112552N1. RESULTS: The mean age of case and control groups was 24.4  5.38 and 26.84  5.42 years, respectively. Systolic blood pressure was not significantly different until the 45th minute but diastolic blood pressure showed a significant difference at the 15th and the 60th minutes (P<0.001). Heart rate changes were significantly different between cases and controls at the initial 5th, 15th and after 60th minutes (P<0.001). @entity158 -free period was significantly different between two groups (1.25 h versus 18.73 h) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results show that prescription of intratechal @entity4783 prolongs the duration of @entity1337 without any significant considerable side effects.

title: Benefits of using intrathecal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'delivery pain']

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['buprenorphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a progressive, lethal, @entity179 , currently without any effective therapy. Multiple advantages make mesenchymal stromal cells ( @entity16591 ) a good candidate for cellular therapy in many intractable diseases such as @entity64 and @entity1545 . Until now, no irrefutable evidence exists regarding the outcome of @entity16591 transplantation in the @entity19 model of @entity746 . The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of @entity1 @entity16591 ( @entity16591 ) in the @entity19 model of @entity746 ( @entity182 - @entity24869 @entity19 ). METHODS: @entity16591 were isolated from iliac crest aspirates from healthy donors and kept in cell cultures. @entity16591 of the fifth passage were delivered intravenously into irradiated pre-symptomatic @entity182 - @entity24869 @entity19 . Therapeutic effects were analyzed by survival analysis, rotarod test, motor neuron count in spinal cord and electrophysiology. The engraftment and in vivo differentiation of @entity16591 were examined in the brain and spinal cord of @entity16591 -transplanted @entity19 . RESULTS: After intravenous injection into irradiated pre-symptomatic @entity182 - @entity24869 @entity19 , @entity16591 survived more than 20 weeks in recipient @entity19 , migrated into the parenchyma of brain and spinal cord and showed neuroglia differentiation. Moreover, @entity16591 -transplanted @entity19 showed significantly delayed disease onset (14 days), increased lifespan (18 days) and delayed disease progression compared with untreated @entity19 . DISCUSSION: Our data document the positive effects of @entity16591 transplantation in the @entity19 model of @entity746 . It may signify the potential use of @entity16591 in treatment of @entity746 .

title: @entity1 mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate the phenotype of @entity182 - XXXX @entity746 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity24869 :: (c|SUB|G|93|A,DNAMutation) :: ['G93A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is virtually no evidence to guide surgeons and @entity1 when faced with an absence of pathology for @entity490 . This study aimed to compare diagnostic laparoscopy alone to laparoscopic removal of a normal appendix in @entity1 with @entity490 but an absence of pathology. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of routinely collected hospital data from all English acute hospitals performing emergency appendicectomy between 01/04/2002 and 31/03/2012. @entity1 admitted as emergencies with lower @entity490 undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy (with no other procedure or associated diagnosis) were compared to those undergoing laparoscopic normal appendicectomy. The primary outcome measure was emergency readmission for @entity490 during the 12 period after index surgery. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to produce adjusted odds ratios (OR and bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals). RESULT: 10,072 @entity1 undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy were compared to 9665 undergoing laparoscopic normal appendicectomy. Overall, 32.9% (n  =  6499/19,737) were readmitted as an emergency for @entity490 during the 12 months after index surgery. Following risk-adjustment, laparoscopic normal appendicectomy was associated with 44% reduced odds of readmission (adjusted OR 0.56, 0.50-61). In the diagnostic laparoscopy group, 2.1% of @entity1 (213) required subsequent appendicectomy, which was abnormal in 47.4% (101/213) cases. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that removal of a laparoscopically normal appendix, when no other pelvic pathology is visible, may reduce one-year readmission rates. Although limited through selection bias from routinely collected data, this study provides evidence for practicing surgeons and information for methodologists to power a future trial.

title: Population level analysis of diagnostic laparoscopy versus normal appendicectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['acute lower abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['acute lower abdominal pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Head and @entity5426 is an infrequent @entity5 most commonly found in the skin and soft tissue of the head and neck. Most @entity135 are metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from other primitive location. We describe herein a case of primary high-grade poorly differentiated @entity5426 arising in an intra-parotid lymph node, discuss the value of immunohistochemical stains for differential diagnosis, and review the literature concerning head and @entity5426 . A 47-year-old @entity1 presented with a painless mass that had grown for a period of 6  months in the parotid area. The CT-scan revealed a left parotid lesion of 17  mm. Fine needle aspiration was considered suspicious for @entity189 . A superficial parotidectomy was performed. On gross examination, the lesion was a well-defined, gray, homogeneous mass of 15  mm of diameter. Microscopic examination showed a normal parotid tissue and a poorly differentiated @entity5 in an intra-parotid lymph node. The @entity5 had a pseudo-alveolar pattern, with large pleomorphic epithelioid cells, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, large vesicular nuclei, and one or more prominent nucleoli. Atypical mitoses were seen. Neoplastic malignant cells stained positive for @entity2277 , @entity2279 , D2-40, factor VIII, @entity9493 , and partially for @entity2280 . A positron emission tomography scan was made to search for a primary @entity5 , but no other @entity5 was localized. The diagnosis of primary high-grade, poorly differentiated, intra-parotid lymph node @entity5426 was established.

title: Primary High-Grade Poorly Differentiated XXXX of an Intra-parotid Lymph Node.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'malignant vascular tumor', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'neck angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma or poorly differentiated carcinoma']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma']


abstract: Among @entity65288 channels, a few of them turned out to be difficult to express in heterologous systems and were coined "silent subunits". Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms behind this apparent lack of channel activity at the plasma membrane. For @entity50328 and @entity49958 channels, silence is related to a combination of intracellular retention and low intrinsic activity. @entity50328 is constitutively endocytosed from the plasma membrane before being transported to recycling endosomes, whereas @entity49958 is restricted to endoplasmic reticulum. These intracellular localizations are related to trafficking signals located in the cytoplasmic parts of the channels. When these motifs are mutated or masked, channels are redistributed at the plasma membrane and produce measurable currents. However, these currents are of modest amplitude. This weak basal activity is due to a hydrophobic barrier in the deep pore that limits water and ions in the conduction pathway. Other silent channels @entity65289 , @entity65290 , and @entity57708 are still under study. Expression and characterization of these @entity65288 channels pave the way for a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling intracellular trafficking of membrane proteins, ion conduction, and channel gating.

title: Silent but not dumb: how cellular trafficking and pore gating modulate expression of XXXX and @entity49958 .

answer: @entity50328 :: (3775,Gene) :: ['TWIK1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is the proven therapy to substantially reduce @entity1386 in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 . Few details of the daily practice regarding PERT and the resulting coefficient of fat absorption ( @entity3795 ) are known. We therefore recorded the PERT and @entity3795 in a large cohort of pancreatic insufficient pediatric @entity1577 @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively studied 1,719 completed 3-day dietary food records, including the pancreatic enzyme intake registrations, and 1,373 @entity3795 assessments of 224 @entity1577 @entity1 , aged 0 - 17 years. The clinical characteristics, PERT, expressed as an intake of lipase unit (LU)/g fat/day and LU/kg/day, and the @entity3795 were described for the group as a whole, and separately for those on enteral tube feeding. Cross-sectional relationship between the @entity3795 and the LU/g fat/day and LU/kg/day were determined for each year of age. We also addressed the effect of the interventions done in @entity1 with @entity3795 outcomes <85%. RESULTS: The LU/g fat/day was relatively stable throughout the age groups, while the LU/kg/day fell markedly with age. The median @entity3795 in the 17 age groups varied between 86% and 91%, however, with a @entity3795 below 85% in 325/1,373 (24%) of the measurements.No relationship was found between PERT and @entity3795 . The @entity1 with persistent @entity3795 <85% had significant lower z-scores weight-for-age, and weight-for-height (p 0.01) than those with @entity3795 >= 85%. CONCLUSIONS: In this study population, no correlation between an enzyme dosage and the degree of @entity1386 was found. However a @entity3795 below 85% was found in 24% of the measurements.

title: Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy and Coefficient of Fat Absorption in XXXX and Adolescents with @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat malabsorption']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: There are conflicting data as to the prevalence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity1 with @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) being assessed for liver transplantation (LT). The aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity167 -related versus non- @entity167 -related @entity3851 and to assess the diagnostic utility of @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) in predicting angiographically important @entity453 . Consecutive @entity1 with @entity3851 being assessed for LT (n = 420, mean age 56    8 years) were identified and divided into groups of those with @entity167 -related @entity3851 (n = 125) and non- @entity167 -related @entity3851 (n = 295). Demographic characteristics, @entity453 risk factors, results of DSE, and coronary angiographic characteristics were recorded. There were no significant differences in age or @entity453 risk factors between groups. The incidence of severe @entity453 (>70% diameter stenosis) was 2% in the @entity167 -related @entity3851 group and 13% in the non- @entity167 -related @entity3851 group (p <0.005). In the 2 groups, the presence of >= 1 @entity453 risk factor was associated with significant @entity453 (p <0.05 for all). Absence of cardiac risk factors was highly predictive in ruling out angiographically significant disease (negative predictive value 100% for @entity167 -related @entity3851 and 97% for non- @entity167 -related @entity3851 ). DSE was performed in 205 @entity1 . In the 2 groups, DSE had poor predictive value for diagnosing significant @entity453 but was useful in ruling out @entity1 without significant disease (negative predictive value 89% for @entity167 -related @entity3851 and 80% for non- @entity167 -related @entity3851 ). In conclusion, there was a significantly lower prevalence of severe @entity453 in @entity1 with @entity167 -related @entity3851 . These findings suggest that invasive coronary angiography may not be necessary in this subgroup, particularly in the absence of @entity453 risk factors and negative results on DSE.

title: Comparison of the frequency of XXXX in @entity167 -related versus non- @entity167 -related endstage liver disease.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease', 'ESLD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+), corresponding to translocation t(9;22), is found in @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) and @entity981 . Several cases of Ph+ @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) have been reported in the literature. A retrospective study of Ph+ @entity3052 between 2001 and 2012 was conducted through a review of the literature. Among 400 @entity3052 @entity1 , two cases of Ph+ @entity3052 (0.5%) were identified and treated with conventional chemotherapy with or without @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs), followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). One @entity1 had a complex karyotype including 7 monosomy (-7) and @entity9711 BCR-ABL fusion transcript. Both @entity1 remain in complete molecular remission. To date, 21 Ph+ @entity3052 cases treated with TKIs have been described in the literature with a median overall survival of 18months. One-third of the @entity1 had additional karyotypic abnormalities, and 14% had -7. Molecular analysis showed 59% @entity9710 and 41% @entity9711 fusion protein. Relapse rate was observed in 38% of @entity1 with @entity9711 compared to 10% in @entity1 with @entity9710 . Allo-HSCT was performed in eight @entity1 ; two relapsed (25%). Cytogenetic (-7) and molecular features help to distinguish Ph+ @entity3052 from @entity1860 . Survival improved with TKIs, particularly in association with conventional chemotherapy and allo-HSCT. Further studies of Ph+ @entity3052 @entity1 are needed to better define this entity, its prognostic value, and therapeutic strategy.

title: Rare but authentic Philadelphia-positive XXXX : Two case reports and a literature review of characteristics, treatment and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Before @entity3 , primary @entity5 can create a premetastatic niche in distant organ to facilitate the dissemination of @entity5 cells. In the premetastatic phase, the permeability of pulmonary vasculatures is increased to accelerate the extravasation of circulating @entity5 cells. However, it is not clear whether local miRNAs contribute to the vascular hyperpermeability of the premetastatic niche. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The expression of total miRNAs was determined using microarray in series of premetastatic lungs from @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and validated with qRT-PCR. Vascular permeability assays, vascular mimic systems, and @entity5 models were used to investigate roles of selected miRNAs and target genes in premetastatic hyperpermeability. RESULTS: We identified a miRNA signature in premetastatic lungs. Among these miRNAs, @entity29035 , b, c, d, and e were significantly attenuated. Subsequent investigations elucidated that lung fibroblast-derived @entity21445 -30s stabilized pulmonary vessels. Overexpression of @entity21445 -30s in lungs postponed @entity3 and extended overall survival of B16 @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . Following studies uncovered that @entity30601 was directly targeted by @entity21445 -30s. Overexpression of @entity30601 could disrupt pulmonary vessels, promote lung @entity3 , and decrease overall survival of B16 @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings illuminate a novel mechanism for the modulation of premetastatic niches by @entity21445 -30s, which suggest that @entity21445 -30s represent not only promising targets for antimetastasis therapy but also indicators for @entity3 . Clin Cancer Res; 21(13); 3071-80.   2015 AACR.

title: The XXXX -30 Family Inhibits Pulmonary Vascular Hyperpermeability in the Premetastatic Phase by Direct Targeting of @entity30601 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'orthotopic tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity21445 :: (751557(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['miR']


abstract: The significance of surgery for @entity5683 is well established, but surgical resection of those in the fourth ventricle has not been evaluated. This study reviewed five consecutive @entity1 with @entity5683 in the fourth ventricle treated in our institute between 1996 and 2005, focusing on the factors that hindered total extirpation. Two cases were @entity2846 , and three cases were @entity9204 . Preoperative T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed a diffuse high-intensity lesion in the brain stem in four @entity1 . Infiltration into the fourth ventricle floor was apparent in all five @entity1 during surgery, which hindered total resection of the @entity5 without @entity16 . @entity954 was well controlled in all five @entity1 by cauterizing the feeding arteries at the early stage of surgery through the telovelar approach. Performance status was improved in all @entity1 postoperatively. All @entity1 with @entity9204 underwent radiation therapy after the surgical removal. No @entity1 suffered @entity5 progression within the follow-up of 24-129 months (mean 64 months). Total resection of @entity5683 in the fourth ventricle is difficult because of invasion into the fourth ventricle floor. Adjuvant therapy for @entity5683 with brain stem infiltration must be established.

title: Surgical treatment for XXXX in the fourth ventricle: brain stem infiltration hinders total extirpation.

entities_list: @entity5683 :: ('MESH:D016545', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus papillomas']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9204 :: ('MESH:C562943', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus carcinomas']

answer: @entity5683 :: (MESH:D016545,Disease) :: ['choroid plexus tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To extend the findings of a pilot study that evaluated a brief group-based psychological intervention aimed at improving psychological adjustment, self-perception and enhancing adaptive coping following @entity1566 . The theoretical underpinnings of the Coping Effectiveness Training (CET) Programme are Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) cognitive theory of stress and coping, and cognitive behavioural therapy techniques. DESIGN: A controlled trial comparing @entity1 that received the CET intervention with matched controls on measures of psychological adjustment and coping. METHOD: A total of 45 intervention group @entity1 and 40 matched controls were selected from inpatients at a hospital-based @entity1566 centre. Outcome measures of @entity148 and @entity308 , self-perception and coping were collected before, immediately after and 6 weeks following the intervention. RESULTS: Intervention group @entity1 showed a significant reduction in @entity308 and @entity148 , compared to the matched controls following the intervention. There was no evidence of a significant change in the pattern of coping strategies used by the intervention group compared to controls. The intervention group alone completed measures of self-perception. There was a significant decrease in the discrepancy between @entity1 ' 'ideal' self and 'as I am', and between 'as I would be without the injury' and 'as I am' following the intervention and at follow-up. Significant correlations were also found between self-perception, and @entity148 and @entity308 over time. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the findings of the pilot study, that the CET intervention facilitated a significant improvement in psychological adjustment to @entity1566 . It is proposed that this improvement may be understood in terms of changing @entity1 ' negative appraisals of the implications of @entity1566 with the result of increasing the perceived manageability of its consequences. Such decatastrophizing alters appraisals which are associated with current mood. @entity1 found shared discussion and problem-solving to be particularly helpful. Avenues for further research are discussed.

title: Coping effectiveness training reduces @entity308 and @entity148 following traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: The widespread use of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for @entity5 has been limited by internal target and normal tissue motion. Such motion increases the risk of underdosing the target, especially as planning margins are reduced in an effort to reduce @entity137 . This study explored 2 adaptive strategies to mitigate this risk and proposes a new, automated method that minimizes replanning workload. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity5 participated in a prospective clinical study and underwent pretreatment and weekly magnetic resonance (MR) scans over a 5-week course of daily external beam radiation therapy. Target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) were contoured on each of the scans. Deformable image registration was used to model the accumulated dose (the real dose delivered to the target and OARs) for 2 adaptive replanning scenarios that assumed a very small @entity343 margin of only 3 mm to account for setup and internal interfractional motion: (1) a preprogrammed, anatomy-driven midtreatment replan (A-IMRT); and (2) a dosimetry-triggered replan driven by target dose accumulation over time (D-IMRT). RESULTS: Across all 30 @entity1 , clinically relevant target dose thresholds failed for 8 @entity1 (27%) if 3-mm margins were used without replanning. A-IMRT failed in only 3 @entity1 and also yielded an additional small reduction in OAR doses at the cost of 30 replans. D-IMRT assured adequate target coverage in all @entity1 , with only 23 replans in 16 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A novel, dosimetry-triggered adaptive IMRT strategy for @entity1 with @entity5 can minimize the risk of target underdosing in the setting of very small margins and substantial interfractional motion while minimizing programmatic workload and cost.

title: Dosimetrically triggered adaptive intensity modulated radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Age at menarche (AAM) is determined by the overall duration of endocrine-tissue sex hormone exposure levels. @entity170 , the most common @entity2331 , is characterized primarily by reduced @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and an increased risk of @entity174 . Bone was an endocrine organ regulating the synthesis and secretion of sex @entity479 hormones. The mutual dependence between bone and gonads underscore the importance of genetic approaches to identify novel pleiotropic genetic factors coregulating @entity79 and AAM. In this study, we performed a bivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore novel ethnic common loci and/or genes that may influence both AAM and @entity79 . METHODS: We analyzed genotyping data available for 826 unrelated Chinese subjects using genome-wide @entity1 genotyping arrays. After quality control, a total of 702 413 single- @entity4334 polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association using a bivariate linear regression model. The interesting SNPs were replicated in three independent cohorts including 1728 unrelated Caucasians, 709 African-Americans, and 408 Hispanic-Americans. RESULTS: We found four SNPs ( @entity67861 , @entity67862 , @entity67863 , and @entity67864 ), located upstream of the @entity67865 gene, were bivariately associated with hip @entity79 -AAM (P = 4.90 * 10(-7), P = 1.07 * 10(-6), P = 1.28 * 10(-5), and P = 5.42 * 10(-5), respectively). These four SNPs were replicated in African-Americans, with corresponding values of P = 1.95 * 10(-2), P = 3.18 * 10(-2), P = 2.57 * 10(-2), and P = 3.64 * 10(-2), respectively. @entity67861 and @entity67863 were further replicated in Caucasians (P = 1.76 * 10(-2) and P = 9.42 * 10(-3), respectively) and Hispanic-Americans (P = 8.37 * 10(-3) and P = 1.52 * 10(-3), respectively). Meta-analyses yielded stronger association signals for @entity67861 and @entity67863 with combined values of P = 3.02 * 10(-9) and P = 3.49 * 10(-9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study implicated @entity67865 as a novel pleiotropic gene underlying variation of both @entity79 and AAM. The findings enhance our knowledge of genetic associations between @entity79 and AAM and provide a rationale for subsequent functional studies of these implicated genes in the pathophysiology of diseases/traits, such as @entity170 and AAM.

title: Bivariate Genome-Wide Association Study Implicates @entity67865 as a Novel Pleiotropic Locus Underlying XXXX and Age at Menarche.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['low trauma fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic bone disease']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: In this study, @entity2051 was began as monotherapy to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the drug. Forty-two @entity1 (19 females, 23 males) with partial or generalized @entity302 more than 4 years of age were included (mean age, 11.9 +/- 3.4 years). The mean age at @entity302 onset 8.9 +/- 4 years. Complete blood count, liver function tests, electrolytes, lipid levels, electrocardiography, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in all @entity1 . @entity2051 dose was begun at 10 mg/kg/day twice daily and increased to 30 mg/kg/day at the end of the second week. @entity1 with inadequate @entity410 control even with the dose of 45 mg/kg/day or intolerable side effects were excluded. Intolerable @entity10 and @entity1431 led to discontinuation of the drug in two @entity1 . At the sixth month, 35 of the @entity1 (87.5%) were @entity410 free (91.7% of the generalized @entity302 @entity1 and 81.2% of the @entity302 @entity1 ). The most frequent tolerable side effect was drowsiness in 12 @entity1 . As a result, we found @entity2051 safe and effective in @entity1 with either generalized or @entity302 .

title: @entity2051 in the treatment of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine', 'Oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity1 with iliofemoral @entity1150 suffer the most severe @entity2979 morbidity. Techniques that effectively remove @entity715 from the venous system eliminate @entity432 and potentially preserve valvular function. This will likely reduce or avoid the @entity2979 and improve long-term quality of life. To evaluate whether catheter-directed thrombolysis is associated with improved quality of life compared with anticoagulation alone and whether outcome in the thrombolysis group is related to lytic success, 98 @entity1 with iliofemoral @entity1150 who were treated at least 6 months earlier were identified and queried with a validated health-related quality-of-life questionnaire. Sixty-eight @entity1 were identified through the Venous Registry (a national, multicenter venous registry) and were treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase, and 30 @entity1 were identified by means of medical record review and were treated with anticoagulation alone. All @entity1 were candidates for thrombolysis; however, the treatment decision was made according to physician preference. The two treatment groups did not differ significantly in average time between the reference hospitalization and first contact. No difference was found in physical functioning and well-being between the groups before the development of @entity1150 . Following treatment, @entity1 receiving catheter-directed thrombolysis reported better overall physical functioning, less stigma, less health distress, and fewer @entity1109 compared to those @entity1 treated with anticoagulation alone. Within the thrombolysis group, successful lysis correlated with health-related quality of life. Catheter-directed thrombolysis for the management of @entity1 with iliofemoral @entity1150 significantly improves health-related quality of life compared to similar @entity1 treated with anticoagulation alone. Improved quality of life is related to successful thrombolysis. These data offer a compelling argument for a prospective randomized study.

title: Quality-of-life improvement using thrombolytic therapy for iliofemoral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic', 'postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prognostic potential of @entity308 independent of somatic features of @entity712 severity has repeatedly been demonstrated. However, @entity1 -reported functional status has rarely been accounted for in these studies. Thus, it has remained unclear to what extent the predictive power of @entity308 may mirror functional status. We therefore aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity308 adjusting for @entity1 -reported functional status in a large, well-characterized sample of @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: Eight hundred sixty-three @entity1 , 67  12years old, 72% @entity1 , and 42% with New York Heart Association functional classes III/IV, who participated in the extended @entity712 ( @entity712 ) study were investigated. We assessed @entity308 using the @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and @entity1 -reported functional status with the Kansas @entity296 Questionnaire (KCCQ). Data on survival was obtained after a follow-up of 18months (100% complete). RESULTS: @entity308 predicted mortality risk (HR per PHQ-9 scale point=1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.09, p<.001), even after adjustment for @entity712 severity and co-morbidities (HR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, p=.017). However, they were no longer significant predictors (HR=1.01, 95% CI 0.98-1.05, p=0.46) after additional adjustment for @entity1 -reported functional status, which proved predictive of mortality risk (HR=0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.99, p=.025). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the association of @entity308 with functional status may at least partly explain the prognostic potential of @entity308 .

title: @entity308 in XXXX : Independent prognostic factor or marker of functional status?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Interdisciplinary Network Heart Failure', 'INH', 'systolic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['City Cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Degenerate oligonucleotide primers derived from conserved @entity563 protease inhibitors were used to amplify a 90-base pair (bp) amplicon from an @entity37489 adult-stage complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) library by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicon was labeled and used as a probe to screen the library, and a 2,300-bp cDNA clone was identified. The 5' end of the molecule was obtained from adult cDNA by 5'-RACE. The complete sequence named A. caninum Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (Ac-kpi-1) was 2,371 bp and encoded a 759- @entity535 open reading frame. The deduced @entity535 sequence had a calculated molecular weight of 84,886 Da and contained an @entity1472 terminal signal peptide, suggesting that the protein is secreted. Analysis of the predicted protein sequence indicates 12 highly conserved Kunitz-type @entity563 protease inhibitor domains connected by short, conserved spacers. On the basis of sequence analysis, the first 11 domains are predicted to be active @entity563 protease inhibitors based on the P1 @entity535 . Domains 5-8 have identical @entity535 sequences, and the remaining domains are 38-88% identical. Domain 12 lacks several of the conserved @entity462 residues and has an atypical @entity535 in the P1 position, suggesting that it is nonfunctional. Reverse transcriptase-PCR indicated that the Ac-kpi-1 messenger ribonucleic acid is present in egg, L1, L3, and adult stages but is most abundant in the adult stage. Ac-KPI-1 is most similar in domain architecture to several extracellular matrix proteins involved in cellular remodeling during insect development. In addition, there are 44 @entity2199 proteins containing one or more Kunitz domains in GenBank, including several with multiple domains.

title: Molecular cloning of a novel multidomain Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor from the hookworm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity37489 :: ('29170', 'Species') :: ['Ancylostoma caninum']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity37489 :: (29170,Species) :: ['Ancylostoma caninum']


abstract: @entity195 is the most common cause of @entity303 , but @entity191 also shows @entity303 in the later stages. @entity8124 is a cholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of @entity195 . Variable responses to this drug suggest that @entity195 is clinically heterogeneous. In the clinical trial of @entity2445 , a first developed cholinesterase inhibitor, three cases markedly improved and, several years later, they were pathologically confirmed as @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ). In recent years, another cholinesterase inhibitor, @entity11544 , has also been reported to be effective for @entity1 with @entity1832 by a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter study. @entity191 with @entity303 , which is known to fulfill the pathological criteria of @entity1832 , also shows a favorable response to @entity8124 . In some cases, not only does cognitive function improve, but also @entity304 . Both @entity1832 and @entity191 with @entity303 show characteristic CBF patterns: While the parietal and temporal lobes are involved in @entity195 , the occipital lobe is additionally affected in these diseases. @entity195 and @entity191 have been considered discrete disease entities. However, viewed from the aspects of response to @entity8124 treatment and CBF patterns, both @entity66 . A brain SPECT may be a useful tool to detect such treatable conditions.

title: Responses to @entity8124 in @entity195 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases overlapped']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil', 'Donepezil']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: No guidelines exist for the management of pulmonary nodules in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) who are being evaluated for liver transplantation. The 172 @entity1 with @entity157 who were listed for liver transplant at our institution received both pretransplant chest computed tomography (CT) and follow-up CT. Pulmonary nodules on CT were characterized and followed on subsequent scans by a blinded radiologist, with a consensus review with a second radiologist being performed for equivocal cases. Nodule characteristics and outcomes were examined with chi-square tests, and the posttransplant survival of @entity1 with different nodule outcomes was compared. Cumulative probabilities of waiting-list removal for nontransplant @entity1 and cumulative probabilities of undergoing transplantation for all @entity1 were also compared between @entity1 with and without pulmonary nodules. Of all the @entity1 , 76.2% had at least 1 pulmonary nodule on pretransplant CT, with 301 total nodules characterized; 2.7% of nodules represented @entity157 metastases, 1.0% represented other @entity5 , and 2.7% represented @entity281 . None of the malignant nodules exhibited a triangular/lentiform shape or calcifications. There were no statistically significant differences in pulmonary nodule outcomes between @entity1 who underwent transplantation and those who did not undergo transplantation. No significant differences in posttransplant survival were found between @entity1 with different nodule outcomes. There was also no significant difference between @entity1 with and without nodules in the cumulative probabilities of waiting-list removal. However, the cumulative probability of undergoing liver transplantation was borderline significantly higher in @entity1 without pulmonary nodules. In conclusion, despite the low prevalence of malignant nodules, all pulmonary nodules besides triangular/lentiform-shaped or calcified nodules should be followed with serial CT while the @entity1 is on the transplant list, with biopsy performed for new and/or enlarged nodules. Both @entity5 must be excluded when one is confronted with enlarged pulmonary nodules. Clinicians should also be aware of the possibility of reactivation of a @entity281 after transplantation.

title: Pulmonary nodules in liver transplant candidates with XXXX : Imaging characteristics and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy and active infection', 'bronchopulmonary malignancies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity6716 posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) in @entity6716 and @entity4118 in vitrectomized eyes. METHODS: Four aphakic @entity1 with @entity6716 and previous pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) due to posterior segment @entity130 enrolled in the study, and had secondary implantation of an @entity6716 PCIOL. Two @entity1 were @entity1 and two @entity1 with mean age of 39.25 years. Complete ophthalmic examinations, including preoperative and postoperative visual acuity in dark and light, glare disability, visual function (using VF-9 questions modified from VF-14), stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity in 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycle per degree frequencies, were done for all @entity1 . @entity2790 (IOP), IOL centration, and intraocular inflammation were monitored. Mean follow-up was 12.25 months (range 7 to 15 months). RESULTS: Visual acuity improved in all four @entity1 , especially in the light. Glare was subjectively reduced in all of them. Stereopsis was measurable in three of them postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity improved in all @entity1 , especially in brightness and lower frequencies. All four eyes had improved VF-9. All eyes achieved the desired anatomic results. Two cases developed elevated IOP early after surgery. In one eye, IOP elevation was transient and controlled with antiglaucoma medication, but the other eye, which had @entity726 from previous @entity130 , required cyclophotocoagulation for the IOP to be controlled. No @entity1 developed chronic @entity1596 or redetachment. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6716 PCIOL can overcome @entity4118 , reduce glare, and increase visual function, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis in vitrectomized eyes with @entity6716 . Although this kind of IOL appears safe, some disadvantages are @entity726 and reduced visibility of peripheral fundus, and caution should be used in its implantation until more @entity1 with longer follow-up are studied.

title: Visual function after implantation of XXXX intraocular lens for @entity6716 in vitrectomized eye.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6716 :: ('MESH:D015783', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic aniridia', 'aniridia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity6716 :: (MESH:D015783,Disease) :: ['aniridia']


abstract: @entity56 ( @entity56 ) is an @entity401 that develops following repeated exposure to environmental antigens. The disease results in @entity3794 , @entity738 formation and may progress to a fibrotic chronic form, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The severity of the disease correlates with a neutrophil rich influx and an @entity636 response. We used the Saccharopolysporarectivirgula (SR) model of @entity56 to determine whether Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 9 cooperate in neutrophil recruitment and @entity636 -associated cytokine production during the development of @entity56 . Stimulation of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6, @entity5001 (-/-) and @entity8932 /9(-/-) @entity19 with SR demonstrate that SR is a strong inducer of neutrophil chemokines and growth factors. The cytokines induced by SR were @entity5001 -dependent and, of those, most were partially or completely dependent on @entity63151 . Following in vivo exposure to SR, @entity9701 production and neutrophil recruitment were reduced in @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity8932 /9(-/-) @entity19 suggesting that the response was largely dependent on @entity8932 ; however the reduction was greatest in the @entity8932 /9(-/-) double knockout @entity19 indicating @entity14540 may also contribute to the response. There was a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity637 and @entity777 as well as @entity12427 and @entity22425 in the BALF from @entity8932 /9(-/-) @entity19 compared to WT and single knockout (SKO) @entity19 exposed one time to SR. The decrease in neutrophil recruitment and @entity637 production in the @entity8932 /9(-/-) @entity19 was maintained throughout 3 weeks of SR exposures in comparison to WT and SKO @entity19 . Both @entity63151 contributed to the Th17 response; there was a decrease in Th17 cells and @entity636 mRNA in the @entity8932 /9(-/-) @entity19 in comparison to the WT and SKO @entity19 . Despite the effects on neutrophil recruitment and the @entity636 response, @entity8932 /9(-/-) @entity19 developed @entity738 formation similarly to WT and SKO @entity19 suggesting that there are additional mediators and pattern recognition receptors involved in the disease.

title: XXXX regulates neutrophil recruitment and cytokine production with minor contributions from @entity14540 during hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity pneumonitis', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity8932 :: (24088(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beh  et's disease is a chronic relapsing systemic @entity1333 of unknown origin in which orogenital ulceration, @entity272 and @entity1596 are prominent features. @entity1 with @entity2403 have been recognized to be at greater risk for @entity455 such as @entity715 and @entity439 . @entity1596 in @entity2403 is usually accompanied by @entity732 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of @entity3562 as a @entity74 in the development of @entity1596 . METHODS: The study population consisted of 29 @entity1 with @entity2403 (13 males and 16 females with a mean age of 32.3 years, range 21-52) and 24 healthy controls. All @entity1 fulfilled the criteria of the International Study Group for @entity2403 . The @entity1 were categorized as having active (n = 8) or inactive disease (n = 11) or only @entity1596 (n = 10). Plasma fasting @entity1255 and @entity1851 levels were studied in all @entity1 and controls. The fasting @entity1255 level was significantly higher in @entity1 with only @entity1596 than in inactive @entity1 and controls (P = 0.029 and P = 0.26 respectively). It was also higher in @entity1 with active disease compared to healthy controls (P = 0.,001). However, no significant difference was found between @entity1255 levels of @entity1 with active or inactive disease (P = 0.69). CRP, as a marker of disease activity, was higher in active @entity2403 and in @entity1 with only @entity1596 than in controls (P = 0.01 and P = 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1255 may play a role in ocular involvement of @entity2403 . @entity32 can induce @entity3562 , thereby leading to @entity715 in the retinal vascular bed in a way similar to that recently proposed for the pathogenesis of @entity453 .

title: Plasma XXXX level and @entity1596 in Beh  et's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['prethrombotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vaso-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: Epithelioid and @entity2785 of bone are rare. They include different epithelioid variants of @entity455 , @entity13626 , @entity84 and most importantly @entity189 . Up to now, only few cases of @entity421 were described. In this case the authors report a 53-year-old @entity1 presented with a medical history of chronic @entity158 for 3 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI and computed tomography (CT) showed a destructive, partially calcified @entity75 of the scapula with expansion into the surrounding soft tissue, suggestive of a primary @entity3478 . Histologically, the @entity5 consisted of epithelioid cells with expression of cytokeratine and the lesion was primarily diagnosed as @entity189 . With regard to the MRI morphology untypical for metastatic disease the histopathologic slides were re-evaluated and detection of @entity5 osteoid led to the diagnosis of @entity421 . Chemotherapy was initiated, however follow-up imaging studies showed rapidly progressive disease of both @entity5 and lung metastases. In conclusion, epithelioid @entity5 of the bone are extremetumourly rare and must be distinguished from @entity189 . Despite the presence of cytokeratine positive cells a thorough histological evaluation is mandatory and osteoid detection is essential in order to establish the correct diagnosis and further treatment. Key words: @entity421 , epithelioid, @entity80 , @entity511 , pathology, immunohistochemistry.

title: Epithelioid XXXX of the scapula.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osseous lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal bone cyst']

entities_list: @entity84 :: ('MESH:D002804', 'Disease') :: ['chondroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder pain']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has high sensitivity, with 3 recent randomized trials favorably comparing CCTA to standard-of-care. Comparison to exercise stress ECG (ExECG), the most available and least expensive standard-of-care worldwide, has not been systematically tested. METHODS: CT-COMPARE was a randomized, single-center trial of low-intermediate risk @entity662 subjects undergoing CCTA or ExECG after the first negative troponin. From March 2010 to April 2011, 562 @entity1 randomized to either dual-source CCTA (n=322) or ExECG (n=240). Primary endpoints were diagnostic performance for ACS, and hospital cost at 30days. Secondary endpoints were time-to-discharge, admission rates, and downstream resource utilization. RESULTS: ACS occurred in 24 (4%) @entity1 . ExECG had 213 negative studies and 27 (26%) positive studies for ACS with sensitivity of 83% [95% CI: 36, 99.6%], specificity of 91% [CI: 86, 94%], and ROC AUC of 0.87 [CI: 0.70, 1]. CCTA (>50% stenosis considered positive) had 288 negative studies and 18/35 (51%) positive studies with a sensitivity of 100% [CI: 81.5, 100], specificity of 94% [CI: 91.2, 96.7%], and ROC of 0.97 [CI: 0.92, 1.0; p=0.2]. Despite CCTA having higher odds of downstream testing (OR 2.0), 30day per- @entity1 cost was significantly lower for CCTA ( 2193 vs  2704, p<0.001). Length of stay for CCTA was significantly reduced (13.5h [95% CI: 11.2-15.7], ExECG 19.7h [95% CI: 17.4-22.1], p<0.0005), which drove the reduction in cost. No @entity1 had post-discharge cardiovascular events at 30days. CONCLUSIONS: CCTA had improved diagnostic performance compared to ExECG, combined with 35% relative reduction in length-of-stay, and 20% reduction in hospital costs. These data lend further evidence that CCTA is useful as a first line assessment in emergency department @entity662 .

title: Diagnostic performance and cost of CT angiography versus stress ECG - A randomized prospective study of suspected acute coronary syndrome XXXX in the emergency department (CT-COMPARE).

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BackgroundAccurate measures of the severity of pandemic @entity683 (pH1N1) are needed to assess the likely impact of an anticipated resurgence in the autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Severity has been difficult to measure because jurisdictions with large numbers of @entity204 and other severe outcomes have had too many cases to assess the total number with confidence. Also, detection of severe cases may be more likely. Methods and FindingsWe used complementary data from two US cities: Milwaukee attempted to identify cases of medically attended @entity281 whether or not they required hospitalization, while New York City focused on the identification of hospitalizations, intensive care admission or mechanical ventilation (hereafter, ICU), and @entity204 . New York data were used to estimate numerators for ICU and @entity204 , and two sources of data: medically attended cases in Milwaukee or self-reported @entity683 in New York, were used to estimate ratios of symptomatic cases:hospitalizations. Combining these data with estimates of the fraction detected for each level of severity, we estimated the proportion of symptomatic cases that died (symptomatic case-fatality ratio, @entity2467 ), required ICU (sCIR), and required hospitalization (sCHR), overall and by age category. Evidence, prior information and associated uncertainty were analyzed in a Bayesian evidence synthesis framework. Using medically attended cases and estimates of the proportion of symptomatic cases medically attended, we estimated @entity2467 of 0.045% (95% credible interval, CI 0.020%-0.090%), sCIR of 0.222% (0.105%-0.425%), and sCHR of 1.37% (0.68%-2.52%). Using self-reported ILI, we obtained estimates approximately 6-9x lower. @entity2467 was highest in the 18-64 age group, and sCIR and sCHR highest in the 18-64 or 0-4 age group depending on the approach. ConclusionsThese estimates suggest that an autumn-winter pandemic wave of pH1N1 with comparable severity per case could lead to a number of @entity204 in the range from considerably below that associated with seasonal influenza to slightly higher, but with greatest impact in young @entity1 and non-elderly adults. These estimates of impact depend on assumptions about total incidence of @entity281 in the autumn-winter. Impacts would larger if autumn-winter incidence of symptomatic @entity281 were higher or shifted toward adults, if viral virulence increased, or if suboptimal treatment resulted from stress on the health care system; numbers would decrease if the proportion infected or symptomatic were lower.

title: The severity of XXXX in the United States, April - July 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/H1N1', 'influenza-like illness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['pandemic H1N1 influenza']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In series of cases and animal models suffering @entity548 , the use of vasopressors has shown potential benefits regarding hemodynamics and tissue perfusion. @entity8508 is an analogue of @entity1951 with a longer half-life that can be administered by bolus injection. We have previously observed that @entity4372 albumin improves resuscitation following controlled @entity548 in piglets. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether the treatment with the combination of @entity8508 and @entity4372 albumin can produce better hemodynamic and tissular perfusion parameters than normal saline or @entity4372 albumin alone at early stages of @entity548 in an @entity1 animal model. METHODS: Experimental, randomized animal study including 39 2-to-3-month-old piglets. Thirty minutes after controlled 30 ml/kg bleed, @entity1707 were randomized to receive either normal saline (NS) 30 ml/kg (n = 13), 5% albumin plus 3% @entity4372 saline (AHS) 15 ml/kg (n = 13) or single bolus of @entity8508 15  g/kg i.v. plus 5% albumin plus 3% @entity4372 saline 15 ml/kg (TAHS) (n = 13) over 30 minutes. Global hemodynamic and tissular perfusion parameters were compared. RESULTS: After controlled bleed a significant @entity551 , cardiac index, central venous saturation, carotid and peripheral blood flow, brain saturation and an increase of heart rate, @entity356 and @entity880 was observed. After treatment no significant differences in most hemodynamic (cardiac index, mean arterial pressure) and perfusion parameters ( @entity880 , @entity356 , brain saturation, cutaneous blood flow) were observed between the three therapeutic groups. AHS and TAHS produced higher increase in @entity64 volume index and carotid blood flow than NS. CONCLUSIONS: In this pediatric animal model of @entity1457 , albumin plus @entity4372 saline with or without @entity8508 achieved similar hemodynamics and perfusion parameters than twice the volume of NS. Addition of @entity8508 did not produce better results than AHS.

title: Comparison of Normal Saline, Hypertonic Saline Albumin and XXXX plus Hypertonic Saline Albumin in an @entity1 Animal Model of @entity1457 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity8508 :: ('MESH:C012078', 'Chemical') :: ['Terlipressin', 'terlipressin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric PCO2']

answer: @entity8508 :: (MESH:C012078,Chemical) :: ['Terlipressin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish whether a relationship exists between computed tomography features of lung opacities in severely @entity1398 @entity1 and their Aspergillus or bacterial etiology. METHODS: Computed tomography scans of 124 @entity1 with lung opacities larger than 5 mm occurring during severe (neutrophils <500/mm) and prolonged (>7 d) @entity1398 -induced by bone marrow transplantation and/or high-dose chemotherapy for @entity1583 -were reviewed. @entity20585 or @entity2028 were assessed by means of bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial washing, trans-bronchial biopsy or (for bacteria only) blood cultures. Pulmonary opacities were classified as nodules or as consolidations. The presence of a perinodular ground-glass halo, the similarity of consolidations to a @entity8995 and the presence of cavitation (crescent-shaped or not) were recorded. RESULTS: @entity20585 was diagnosed in 68 @entity1 ; @entity2028 in 56. Nodules (85) were more common than consolidations (39); their distribution among the @entity1 with @entity2381 (52 nodules and 16 consolidations) and those with @entity2028 (33 nodules and 23 consolidations) was even. Out of the 19 nodules surrounded by a halo 17 were due to @entity2381 . Nine consolidations (3 due to @entity2381 ) were infarctionlike shaped. Cavitation appeared during 22/68 @entity2381 and 31/56 @entity2028 ; an air-crescent in 6 @entity1 with @entity2381 and in 24 with @entity2028 . CONCLUSIONS: Although rare enough, the perinodular halo is highly specific for invasive @entity2381 . The nodular pattern of lung opacities, their similarity to a @entity8995 , the occurrence of cavitation and the air-crescent are not related to @entity2381 .

title: Comparison of CT features of Aspergillus and XXXX in severely @entity1398 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarction']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia', 'bacterial pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity20585 :: ('MESH:D055744', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis']

answer: @entity2028 :: (MESH:D018410,Disease) :: ['bacterial pneumonia']


abstract: Like living @entity1527 , its AGC10 membrane glycoprotein inhibits @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) secretion and membrane expression of @entity2902 , @entity3647 , and @entity16409 (the components of the high-affinity @entity3647 ) by activated @entity1 lymphocytes. Since these molecules are required for effective lymphocyte division, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying these alterations. In the presence of AGC10 the cytoplasmic levels of @entity1199 protein of @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) blood lymphocytes stimulated with @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) plus @entity1360 were markedly reduced. AGC10 also decreased the intracellular levels of @entity2902 , @entity3647 , and @entity16409 in @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) cells stimulated with the T-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). These results indicated that the AGC10-induced alterations preceded @entity1199 secretion and transport of @entity3647 components to the cell membrane. Supporting this view were the substantially diminished levels of @entity1199 , @entity2902 , @entity3647 , and @entity16409 mRNA found in AGC10-containing cultures of PHA-activated lymphocytes. These decreases were not due to increased mRNA instability. Thus, the rates of decay for each of these mRNA species were comparable in the presence or absence of AGC10, suggesting a mechanism involving transcription inhibition. AGC10 targeted an early lymphocyte activation event since inhibition of lymphoproliferation subsided when AGC10 was added to cultures at or after 20 h post-activation. AGC10 also caused large reductions in the mRNA levels of @entity17946 and @entity8985 , both critical for progression through G1. These results show for the first time that AGC10-induced inhibition of lymphoproliferation entails curtailed biosynthesis of @entity1199 and, @entity3647 molecules, and suggest that the effect involves inhibition of gene transcription.

title: The @entity1527 membrane glycoprotein AGC10 inhibits @entity1 lymphocyte activation by a mechanism preceding translation of both, XXXX and its high-affinity receptor subunits.

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: With the appropriate indications, puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration (PAIR) is the most effective minimal invasive method used in the treatment of hydatic cysts. @entity7252 is the hemorrhagia in bile ducts in consequence of any reason. In literature there is no case with @entity7252 because of PAIR. This is the first case with recurrent @entity7252 , @entity281 and @entity55 because of PAIR. CASE: A 66 years old female @entity1 was admitted to hospital with complaints of @entity490 , @entity6552 and melaena. She gave the history of PAIR for two hydatic cysts. At physical examination, there were @entity1087 , @entity925 at right subcostal area and melaena at rectal digital examination. @entity7252 was detected by abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP). An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy were performed. The @entity1 was discharged after 6 days hospital stay. One day after the discharge the @entity1 was admitted to hospital with the same complaints again. Performing ERCP and balloon extraction, the @entity1410 filling the common bile duct was removed. After the @entity1 was hemodynamically stable for 3 days, she was discharged from the hospital. A week after that the @entity1 was admitted to hospital with the clinical findings of infected hydatic cyst and @entity55 . The @entity1 was treated medically with mechanical ventilation support for 8 days. CONCLUSION: It should not be underestimated that, there can be serious complications of PAIR like @entity7252 . Therefore, PAIR should be performed only in centers having appropriate medical and surgical facilities.

title: Three complications of Pair (puncture, aspiration, injection, reaspiration) in one case: Recurrent @entity7252 , XXXX and @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection in cyst cavity']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia', 'Hemobilia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['cyst infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibody-based immunotherapy has achieved some success for @entity5 . But the main problem is that only a few @entity5 -associated antigens or therapeutic targets have been known to us so far. It is essential to identify more immunogenic antigens (especially cellular membrane markers) for @entity5 diagnosis and therapy. METHODS: The membrane proteins of @entity2220 cell line A549 were used to immunize the BALB/c mice. A monoclonal antibody 4E7 (McAb4E7) was produced with hybridoma technique. @entity98 cell proliferation assay was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of McAb4E7 on A549 cells. Flow cytometric assay, immunohistochemistry, western blot and proteomic technologies based on 2-DE and mass spectrometry were employed to detect and identify the corresponding antigen of McAb4E7. RESULTS: The monoclonal antibody 4E7 (McAb4E7) specific against A549 cells was produced, which exhibited inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 cells. By the proteomic technologies, we identified that @entity855 synthase beta subunit (ATPB) was the corresponding antigen of McAb4E7. Then, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the localization of the targeting antigen of McAb4E7 was on the A549 cells surface. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed that the antigen of McAb4E7 mainly aberrantly expressed in @entity5 cellular membrane in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), but not in @entity151 ( @entity151 ). The rate of ectopic expressed ATPB in the cellular membrane in @entity2220 , @entity957 and their adjacent nontumourous lung tissues was 71.88%, 66.67% and 25.81% respectively. CONCLUSION: In the present study, we identified that the ectopic ATPB in @entity5 cellular membrane was the @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) associated antigen. ATPB may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the immunotherapy of @entity1149 .

title: Identification of @entity855 synthase beta subunit (ATPB) on the cell surface as a @entity1149 ( XXXX ) associated antigen.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6583 ( @entity6583 ) is a parasite @entity281 caused by the tapeworm @entity8785 in its larvae stage which affects the central nervous system of the @entity1 body (a definite host). It results in the formation of multiple lesions in the brain at different locations during its various stages. During diagnosis of such symptomatic @entity1 , these lesions can be better visualized using a feature based fusion of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This paper presents a novel approach to Multimodality Medical Image Fusion (MMIF) used for the analysis of the lesions for the diagnostic purpose and post treatment review of @entity6583 . The MMIF presented here is a technique of combining CT and MRI data of the same @entity1 into a new slice using a Nonsubsampled Rotated Complex Wavelet Transform (NSRCxWT). The forward NSRCxWT is applied on both the source modalities separately to extract the complementary and the edge related features. These features are then combined to form a composite spectral plane using average and maximum value selection fusion rules. The inverse transformation on this composite plane results into a new, visually better, and enriched fused image. The proposed technique is tested on the pilot study data sets of @entity1 infected with @entity6583 . The quality of these fused images is measured using objective and subjective evaluation metrics. Objective evaluation is performed by estimating the fusion parameters like entropy, fusion factor, image quality index, edge quality measure, mean structural similarity index measure, etc. The fused images are also evaluated for their visual quality using subjective analysis with the help of three expert radiologists. The experimental results on 43 image data sets of 17 @entity1 are promising and superior when compared with the state of the art wavelet based fusion algorithms. The proposed algorithm can be a part of computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CADD) system which assists the radiologists in clinical practices.

title: Nonsubsampled rotated complex wavelet transform (NSRCxWT) for medical image fusion related to clinical aspects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['NCC', 'Neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity8785 :: ('6204', 'Species') :: ['Taenia solium']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['neurocysticercosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A series of 126 consecutive @entity1 with @entity85 is presented. OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of @entity154 and other @entity347 associated with different types of @entity85 at presentation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A high incidence of @entity854 and other organ defects is reported in relation to @entity85 . The prevalence of these problems with different types of deformities is to be determined. METHODS: All @entity1 had MRI, echocardiography, renal ultrasound, and a thorough clinical assessment. RESULTS: Intraspinal abnormalities were found in 47 @entity1 (37%). These abnormalities were significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity1513 ( = 0.0048), and in those with @entity1635 resulting from mixed and segmentation defects. @entity1635 @entity1 with cervical and thoracic hemivertebrae had significantly more @entity854 ( = 0.0253) than those with lumbar hemivertebrae. In 64 (55%) @entity1 other @entity347 were found. These defects were more common in @entity1 with @entity1635 resulting from @entity154 ( = 0.002). @entity299 were detected in 26% and @entity790 in 21% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography should be an essential part in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity85 , and special attention should be paid to @entity1 with @entity1347 , @entity154 , and @entity1513 .

title: XXXX : a comprehensive assessment at presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal anomaly', 'mixed defects']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmentation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['kyphosis', 'congenital kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'Scoliosis', 'congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['congenital spinal deformity', 'congenital spine deformity', 'spine deformity']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic defects']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Congenital spinal deformity']


abstract: Suicide gene therapy combining herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene (HSVtk) and @entity4540 (GCV) is one strategy for the treatment of @entity213 ( @entity213 ). The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism of cell death that occurs in suicide gene therapy using HSVtk and GCV and to assess the safety of that therapy. The @entity1 @entity957 cell line SAS was treated with adenovirus vector containing HSVtk gene (AdHSVtk) and GCV in vitro. Morphological changes including chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, blebbing of cell membrane, and ballooning formations were observed. Changes in the localization of phospholipids in the cell membrane were also observed. The results of flow cytometry showed a maximum of about 65% of cells in the early phase of apoptosis. In addition, DNA fragmentation was investigated using the TUNEL method in vivo. @entity19 (BALB/c AJD(-nu-), aged 4 weeks) were implanted with SAS and treated with AdHSVtk and GCV. @entity5 sections were then observed. The treatment group was confirmed to have DNA fragmentation-positive cells. These results suggest that suicide gene therapy using AdHSVtk and GCV led to apoptosis of the @entity957 cell line.

title: Cell death of @entity1 @entity957 cell line induced by herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity4540 :: (MESH:D015774,Chemical) :: ['ganciclovir']


abstract: Although @entity409 is common for @entity1 undergoing @entity1067 surgery, no clear evidence is present to counsel @entity1 seeking to preserve ejaculation. Our aim was to evaluate @entity409 in relation to @entity1067 surgery. We carried out a web and manual search using MEDLINE and Embase including randomized controlled trials reporting @entity409 after @entity1067 surgery: 42 randomized controlled trials comprising a total of 3857 @entity1 were included. Only one study had @entity409 as a primary outcome, and just 10 evaluated @entity409 before and after surgery. The @entity409 was not standardized. Similarly, just seven studies used internationally validated questionnaires to address @entity409 . The reported rates of @entity409 after resectional electrosurgery, laser procedures, coagulation, ablation and implant techniques were assessed and compared. Transurethral resection of the prostate and recent laser procedures including holmium, @entity28409 and GreenLight cause similar rates of @entity409 , occurring in almost three out of four to five @entity1 . Although providing less symptomatic benefit compared with transurethral resection of the prostate, transurethral incision of the prostate, transurethral needle ablation and transurethral microwave thermotherapy should be considered for @entity1 aiming to maintain normal ejaculation. UroLift is also a recent promising option for this category of @entity1 . The vast majority of studies reporting @entity409 after @entity1067 surgery used poor methodology to investigate this complication. Future studies able to address clear hypothesis and considering @entity409 anatomical and pathophysiological features are required to develop ejaculation preserving techniques and to increase the evidence to counsel @entity1 aiming to preserve ejaculation.

title: Systematic review of lower urinary tract symptoms/ XXXX surgical treatments on @entity1 's ejaculatory function: Time for a bespoke approach?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['definition of ejaculatory dysfunction', 'ejaculatory dysfunction']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the time course of left ventricular (LV) geometric response to blood pressure (BP) control during 2 years of systematic antihypertensive treatment. DESIGN: A total of 754 @entity101 @entity1 with @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) by Cornell voltage-duration product or Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria on a screening electrocardiogram had their LV mass measured by echocardiogram at enrolment in the @entity9886 Intervention For Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) trial, and after 12 and 24 months of blinded therapy with @entity9886 -based or @entity2165 -based regimens. SETTING: The LIFE trial, in which @entity101 @entity1 with electrocardiographic @entity4346 (Cornell voltage-duration product > 2440 mm x ms and/or Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria SV1 + RV5-6 > 38 mm) were randomized to >or= 4 years double-blinded treatment with @entity9886 or @entity2165 . @entity1 : A total of 754 LIFE @entity1 with serial echocardiographic measurements of LV geometry. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: LV wall thicknesses, diameter and mass, and its indices. RESULTS: Mean systolic/diastolic BP fell from 173/95 to 150/84 mmHg after 1 year (P < 0.001) and to 148/83 mmHg at year 2 (P = not significant). Mean echocardiographic LV mass fell from 233 g at baseline to 206 g after 1 year (P < 0.001, adjusted for change in systolic BP) and to 195 g at year 2 (P < 0.001 versus year 1), with a parallel decrease in indexed LV mass [from 56.1 to 49.7 g/m2.7 (P < 0.001), to 47.1 g/m2.7 (P < 0.001 versus year 1)]. Relative wall thickness decreased from 0.41 at baseline to 0.37 at year 1 (P < 0.001), to 0.36 at year 2 (P < 0.001 versus year 1). As a result, there were serial decreases in prevalences of eccentric @entity4346 [44 to 38%, and to 30% (P < 0.001 versus year 1)] and concentric @entity4346 [24 to 7% (P < 0.001), to 2% (P < 0.05 versus year 1)], and increases in the proportion with normal LV geometry [22 to 50% (P < 0.001), and to 64% (P < 0.01 versus year 1)]. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained BP reduction in @entity101 @entity1 with target organ damage causes continued decrease in echocardiographic LV mass and prevalence of anatomic @entity4346 for at least 2 years despite only small BP decreases after the first year of blinded therapy. These data document cardiac benefit of sustained BP control and suggest that maximum @entity4346 regression with effective antihypertensive treatment requires at least 2 years.

title: Progressive hypertrophy regression with sustained pressure reduction in XXXX : the @entity9886 Intervention For Endpoint Reduction study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Insertional mutagen-mediated gene tagging populations have been essential resources for analyzing the function of plant genes. In @entity579 , @entity2829 transposable elements have been successfully utilized to produce transposant populations. However, many generations and substantial field space are required to obtain a sufficiently sized transposant population. In @entity579 , the @entity2829 and indica subspecies are phenotypically and genetically divergent. Here, callus cultures with seeds carrying Ac and Ds were used to produce 89,700 lines of Dongjin, a @entity2829 cultivar, and 6,200 lines of MGRI079, whose genome is composed of a mixture of the genetic backgrounds of @entity2829 and indica. Of the more than 3,000 lines examined, 67% had Ds elements. Among the Ds-carrying lines, 81% of Dongjin and 63% of MGRI079 contained transposed Ds, with an average of around 2.0 copies. By examining more than 15,000 lines, it was found that 12% expressed the reporter gene GUS during the early-seedling stage. GUS was expressed in root hairs and crown root initials at estimated frequencies of 0.78% and 0.34%, respectively. The 5,271 analyzed Ds loci were found to be randomly distributed over all of the @entity579 chromosomes.

title: Analysis of gene-trap Ds XXXX populations in Korea.

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: Obstetric outcome in early onset and late onset GDM was compared in a prospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics _ Gynecology in BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total 120 pregnant @entity1 were recruited purposively for the study in which 60 were early onset GDM and 60 were late onset GDM during study period of January 2008 to December 2009. @entity1 were followed up in different periods of gestation, during delivery and early postpartum period _ findings were compared between two groups. BMI _ family history of @entity6 were significantly higher in early GDM group (p<0.05). Evidence of increased glycaemia was observed in early GDM group _ difference of glycaemic status was statistically significant (p<0.05). Insulin was needed in 85% of early onset GDM and 55% in late onset GDM. There was also significant difference (p<0.05). In this study, 23.3% of early onset GDM group developed @entity1468 while in late onset GDM it was 10% and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Regarding intrapartum _ postpartum complications - perineal tear, @entity19992 wound @entity13424 were more in early onset than late onset GDM group with no significant difference. Regarding foetal outcome, 8.3% early GDM group delivered asphyxiated baby in comparison to 3.3% in late GDM group. Twenty percent (20%) of early onset GDM group had to admit their babies in neonatal unit while in late onset group it was 5%. There was significant difference between two groups (p<0.05). @entity4837 was also statistically significantly (p<0.05) higher in early GDM group. @entity2915 , @entity13262 , perinatal @entity204 was more in early onset GDM subjects. Early onset GDM subjects are high risk subgroup _ have significant deleterious effect on maternal and perinatal outcome than late GDM groups.

title: Obstetric Outcome in Early and Late Onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal hypoglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity13424 :: ('MESH:D011645', 'Disease') :: ['infection, puerperal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal hyper-bilirubinaemia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Gestational Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Live related renal donors with @entity1791 are made suitable for renal transplantation in two-stage procedure in most of the centers: first making the donor kidney stone free surgically or by ESWL and then proceeding to renal transplantation. To reduce the cost and morbidity of two surgical procedures in donors, we did a pilot study of removing @entity1290 in live donors, after explanting the kidney, during bench surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included all prospective renal donors with subcentimeter (4-10 mm) calculi in one kidney in our study (n = 14). All these @entity1 underwent standard donor evaluation and metabolic work up. After the donor nephrectomy, bench retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS) with or without pyelotomy was done for stone clearance followed by renal transplantation. RESULTS: Stone clearance was achieved in 13 out of 14 donors. Donors and recipients were followed for 6-24 months. No stone recurrence or @entity813 was seen in the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: We concluded that bench RIRS is an excellent modality in the management of small @entity1290 in prospective renal donors who are not having metabolically active disease. This reduced the cost and morbidity to the donor and minimized waiting time for transplant.

title: Endourological management of live donors with XXXX at the time of donor nephrectomy: a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi', 'subcentimeter renal calculi']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: 1. The metabolism of a substituted @entity12585 (P1) with dual @entity3725 /gamma activity was evaluated in male and female @entity35 , @entity235 and monkeys. A para-hydroxylated metabolite (M1) with potent @entity9781 -selective agonist, was a major circulating drug-related component in female @entity35 , @entity235 and monkeys, but not in male @entity35 (M1-to-P1 exposure ratio of <1, 3-5, 5 and 5-11 in male @entity35 , monkey, female @entity35 , and @entity235 , respectively). 2. M1 (%) formed in vitro (5, 53, 57-65, 67 and 67% in male @entity35 , monkey, female @entity35 , @entity235 , and @entity1 liver microsomes, respectively), rank ordered with M1 (%) formed in vivo (24-45, 53-57, 78, 75-85%, for male @entity35 , monkey, female @entity35 and @entity235 , respectively, after oral administration of P1). 3. The plasma clearance of M1 was higher in male @entity35 (32 ml min(-1) kg(-1) compared with 6, 7 and 2 ml min(-1) kg(-1) in female @entity35 , male monkey and male @entity235 , respectively). 4. The low amounts of M1 observed in male @entity35 , with the appearance of products of the cleavage of the @entity21633 group between the @entity15060 groups was probably due to the presence of the sex-specific @entity11042 , which cleaves P1 at the @entity21633 bridge. None of the CYPs present in female @entity35 cleaved P1 at this site and M1 was only produced by @entity4920 . In @entity1 , only @entity12327 and the polymorphic @entity4433 produced M1.

title: Species and gender differences in the formation of an active metabolite of a substituted XXXX insulin sensitizer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-thiazolidinedione']

answer: @entity12585 :: (MESH:C089946,Chemical) :: ['2,4-thiazolidinedione']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of post-surgical medical treatment with @entity4397 in @entity1 with DIE (Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis) that received complete or incomplete surgery laparoscopic excision. METHODS: Hundred fifty-nine @entity1 with deep infiltrating @entity46 with @entity2371 undergoing laparoscopic surgery in academic tertiary-care medical center. Eighty @entity1 underwent complete laparoscopic excision of DIE (Arm A) while 79 @entity1 underwent incomplete surgery (Arm B). After surgery each surgical arm was randomized in two groups: no treatment groups 1A [40 pts] and 1B [40 pts] and @entity4397 treatment for 6  months groups 2A [40 pts] and 2B [39 pts]. @entity158 recurrence and quality of life were evaluated in follow-up of 12  months and compared between groups. RESULTS: No differences were observed between @entity1 groups 1A and 2A. Groups 1A, 2A and 2B obtained significantly lower @entity158 scores than those achieved by the group 1B undergoing incomplete surgical treatment and no post-surgical therapy. At 1-year follow-up @entity1 treated with en-block resection (Groups 1A and 2A) showed the @entity158 scores and the highest quality of life in comparison with the other two groups (Group 1B and 2B). CONCLUSION: @entity4397 administration is followed by a temporary improvement of @entity158 in @entity1 with incomplete surgical treatment. It seems that it has no role on post-surgical @entity158 when the surgeon is able to completely excise DIE implants.

title: @entity158 control and quality of life after laparoscopic en-block resection of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) vs. incomplete surgical treatment with or without XXXX administration after surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis of the cul-de-sac and of the rectovaginal septum']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'lowest pain']

answer: @entity4397 :: (CHEBI:63533,Chemical) :: ['GnRHa']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the influence of superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) or ultrasmall SPIO (USPIO) particles on the surface epitope pattern of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by regulating the expression of @entity2594 receptor and to prospectively evaluate the influence of transfection agents (TAs) on the uptake of SPIO or USPIO particles in MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the institutional animal care committee of the University of T  bingen. MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of four @entity35 . To obtain highly homogeneous MSC populations, MSCs from one @entity35 were single-cell cloned. One MSC clone was characterized and selected for the labeling experiments. The MSCs, which were characterized with flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation, were labeled with 200 microg/mL SPIO or USPIO or with 60 microg/mL SPIO or USPIO in combination with TAs. Aggregations of labeled cells were accommodated inside a defined volume in an agar gel matrix. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed to measure SPIO- or USPIO-induced signal voids. Quantification of cellular total @entity68 load (TIL) (intracellular @entity68 plus @entity68 coating the cellular surface), determination of cellular viability, and electron microscopy were also performed. RESULTS: Labeling of MSCs with SPIO or USPIO was feasible without affecting cell viability (91.1%-94.7%) or differentiation potential. For MR imaging, SPIO plus a TA was most effective, depicting 5000 cells with an average TIL of 76.5 pg per cell. SPIO or @entity16710 particles in combination with TAs coated the cellular surface but were not incorporated into cells. In nontransfected cells, SPIO or USPIO was taken up. MSCs labeled with SPIO or USPIO but without a TA showed enhanced expression of @entity2594 receptor, in contrary to both MSCs labeled with SPIO or USPIO and a TA and control cells. CONCLUSION: SPIO or USPIO labeling without TAs has an influence on gene expression of MSCs upregulating @entity2594 receptor. Furthermore, SPIO labeling with a TA will coat the cellular surface.

title: @entity2594 receptor upregulation: in vitro labeling of @entity35 mesenchymal stem cells with superparamagnetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']