abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to report our 10-year experience with surgical management of large or symptomatic @entity9272 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 receiving surgical treatment for @entity9272 between December 2001 and September 2011 in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were divided into two groups: open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. @entity1 demographic data, lesion size evaluated by computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging, operation time, @entity190 , time of returning to diets, perioperative complications, and length of hospital stay were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 (14 received open surgery and 26 received laparoscopic surgery) were enrolled in our study. Both procedures were successful and no @entity1 in the retroperitoneal laparoscopic group required conversion to open surgery. The mean age of the @entity1 was 52.7 years. The median size of the @entity5 was 5.0   cm. Forty-three percent of @entity1 suffered from lumbago. There was no statistical difference in perioperative complications between the two groups (p>0.05). Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy @entity1 had a shorter operation time (90.66  37.97   min vs 141.82  62.78   min, p=0.017), less @entity190 (150, 100-200   mL vs 450, 300-525   mL, p=0.000), earlier time of returning to diets (2, 2-3 days vs 3, 2-4.5 days, p=0.036), and a shorter hospital stay (6, 5-7 days vs 10, 8-11.25 days, p=0.000) when compared with open surgery @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Both open and laparoscopic surgeries are efficient and safe treatments for large or symptomatic @entity9272 , and retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery has the advantages of minimal invasion and rapid postoperative recovery.

title: A 10-year single-center experience with surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity9272 :: ('MESH:D018209', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal myelolipoma']

answer: @entity9272 :: (MESH:D018209,Disease) :: ['adrenal myelolipoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The efficacy and safety of immunosuppression for @entity8 ( @entity8 ) with @entity1985 are still controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, Chinese Database, and Clinical Trial Registries (June 2012) were searched to identify RCTs investigating the effect of immunosuppression on adults with @entity8 and @entity1985 . RESULTS: This review was an update (36 RCTs, 1762 @entity1 ) of the 2004 version (18 RCTs, 1025 @entity1 ). Immunosuppression significantly reduced all-cause mortality or @entity454 (15 RCTs, 791 @entity1 ; risk ratio, 0.58 [95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.95]; P=0.03). However, the result was not consistent when prespecified subgroup analyses were undertaken. Immunosuppression increased complete or partial remission (CR + PR) (16 RCTs, 864 @entity1 ; 1.31 [1.01-1.70]; P=0.04) but resulted in more withdrawals or hospitalizations (16 RCTs, 880 @entity1 ; 5.35 [2.19-13.02]; P=0.002). Corticosteroids combined with alkylating agents significantly reduced all-cause mortality or @entity454 (8 RCTs, 448 @entity1 ; 0.44 [0.26-0.75]; P=0.002) and increased CR + PR (7 RCTs, 422 @entity1 ; 1.46 [1.13-1.89]; P=0.004) but led to more adverse events (4 RCTs, 303 @entity1 ; 4.20 [1.15-15.32]; P=0.03). @entity786 was safer than @entity5805 (3 RCTs, 147 @entity1 ; 0.48 [0.26-0.90]; P=0.02). @entity205 and @entity618 failed to show superiority over alkylating agents. @entity1140 and adrenocorticotropic hormone significantly reduced @entity644 . CONCLUSIONS: Alkylating agents plus @entity288 had long-term and short-term benefits for adult @entity8 , but resulted in more withdrawals or hospitalizations.

title: Immunosuppression for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IMN', 'idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: We describe a new experimental model of fetal @entity1276 in the lamb. 14 @entity742 were operated on at 100-120 days gestation for the insertion of a catheter into the fetal aqueduct of Sylvius to block cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. After the operation the @entity428 ( @entity428 ) was measured daily from the distal end of the catheter. The progress of @entity2554 was recorded by ultrasound. At @entity428 100 mm/ @entity2507 the animals were killed for postmortem examination of the fetuses. Neuropathological examination showed massive dilatation of the ventricles. The ependymal cells appeared to be flat and the cellular lining disrupted. Growth of @entity9007 , cellular stratification and proliferation of the paraventricular germinal cells were observed also. With our new experimental model we were able to control the rise in @entity428 and correlate the evolution of the anatomical damage with the duration of high @entity428 and with the gestational age at which it began. Our model can also be used at early stages of gestation for reversing the development of @entity1276 . It might therefore provide information on the suitability of fetal @entity1276 surgery.

title: XXXX : a new experimental model with histopathological study.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['Congenital hydrocephalus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity209 including @entity28 , @entity2299 and @entity101 is a cluster of risk factors of @entity65 . Fermentation of medicinal herbs improves their pharmacological efficacy. Red @entity9052 (RG), a widely used traditional herbal medicine, was reported with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. Aim in the present study was to investigate that the effects of fermented red @entity9052 (FRG) on a high- @entity948 (HF) diet induced @entity209 , and those effects were compared to RG and @entity9886 . Animals were divided into four groups: a control group fed a regular diet and tap water, and @entity948 groups that were fed a 60% high- @entity948 (HF) diet with/without RG 250 mg/kg/day or FRG 250 mg/kg/day for eight weeks, respectively. Treatment with FRG significantly suppressed the increments of body weight, liver weight, epididymal fat weight and adipocyte size. Moreover, FRG significantly prevented the development of @entity209 such as @entity407 and @entity101 . Staining with Oil-red-o demonstrated a marked increase of hepatic accumulation of @entity1674 , and this increase was prevented by FRG. FRG ameliorated @entity409 by downregulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adhesion molecules in the aorta. In addition, FRG induced markedly upregulation of Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and @entity413 transporter type 4 (Glut4) in the muscle. These results indicate that FRG ameliorates @entity28 , @entity2299 , @entity101 and @entity1560 in HF diet @entity35 . More favorable pharmacological effects on HF diet induced @entity209 were observed with FRG, compared to an equal dose of RG. These results showed that the pharmacological activity of RG was enhanced by fermentation. Taken together, fermentated red @entity9052 might be a beneficial therapeutic approach for @entity209 .

title: Fermented Red @entity9052 Potentiates Improvement of Metabolic Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome XXXX Models.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disturbances', 'metabolic disorders', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out whether pancreatic juice released into the stomach has any effect on gastric acidity, and to evaluate the results of operation. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University Hospital, Hungary. SUBJECTS: 55 @entity1 with chronic @entity788 . INTERVENTIONS: 27 pancreaticogastrostomies, 8 pancreaticocystogastrostomies, and 20 pancreaticojejunostomies. Gastric pH monitoring. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Alterations in pH after pancreaticogastrostomy. RESULTS: The operations were equally effective for the relief of @entity158 (48/55, 87%) and 46 (84%) had no digestive disorders because they took pancreatic enzyme substitutes. There were no significant differences in gastric pH between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study was not randomised, the results suggest that pancreaticogastrostomy is a good operation for the relief of intractable @entity158 in selected @entity1 with chronic @entity788 associated with duct dilatation.

title: Changes in gastric acidity after ductal decompression in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parthenogenesis, embryonic development without fertilization, resembles very early embryonic mortality in fertilized eggs. Also, parthenogenesis alters egg albumen characteristics in virgin @entity26976 hens genetically selected for parthenogenesis (PV). When these PV hens are mated (PM), hatchability is reduced versus @entity23 ( @entity23 ) hens that were not genetically selected for parthenogenesis. However, it is unclear if parthenogenesis, which occurs in PM hens, reduces hatchability due to @entity249 and altered albumen characteristics. Sperm-egg penetration (SEP) holes are indicative of true fertilization and may be useful in identifying if eggs from PM hens exhibit a decrease in fertility versus @entity23 hens. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine if parthenogenesis in PM hens (1) decreases SEP, (2) alters albumen characteristics similar to parthenogenesis in eggs from PV hens, and (3) yields albumen characteristics similar to fertilized eggs containing early mortality. Daily, PV and PM eggs were collected, labeled, and incubated for 10  days, then broken out to determine the incidence of parthenogenesis and albumen characteristics. Also daily, fresh PM and @entity23 quail eggs were macroscopically examined to determine if an egg was infertile with no embryonic development, parthenogenetic, or fertile. Each of these eggs was then microscopically examined for SEP. For both PV and PM incubated eggs, parthenogenesis decreased albumen pH, @entity3612 , and protein concentrations yet increased @entity141 and @entity3158 concentrations versus eggs with no development. For incubated PM eggs, albumen pH and @entity3612 were lower, yet @entity3158 was higher for eggs containing parthenogens or early dead embryos versus infertile eggs. For SEP, fresh eggs classified as infertile or parthenogenetic from PM and @entity23 hens had similar SEP holes but only one sixth as many SEP holes as eggs classified as fertilized. Eggs from @entity23 hens had 3.5 times as many SEP holes as PM eggs. In conclusion, parthenogenesis that occurs in mated quail hens inhibits fertility and alters albumen characteristics similarly to parthenogenesis in unfertilized eggs and early embryonic mortality in fertilized eggs.

title: Parthenogenesis in mated @entity26976 ( XXXX ) hens decreases sperm-egg penetration and alters albumen characteristics.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity26976 :: ('46218', 'Species') :: ['Chinese Painted quail']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'control mated']

answer: @entity26976 :: (46218,Species) :: ['Coturnix chinensis']


abstract: Activation of @entity1003 and local fibrin deposition may contribute to @entity5 @entity3 . We have examined the ability of four @entity1 @entity5 cell lines (COLO 205, HepG2, J82 and CAPAN-2) to augment the conversion of prothrombin to @entity556 by @entity6236 and @entity460 in the presence and absence of exogenous factor Va. Using a chromogenic substrate assay to assess @entity556 formation, we observed that all the above cell lines accelerated prothrombin activation in the absence of exogenous factor Va. The order of effectiveness was COLO 205 greater than HepG2 greater than J82 greater than @entity1 . In the absence of cells, no detectable @entity556 formation occurred. Pretreatment of COLO 205 and HepG2 cells with anti-human factor V IgG inhibited prothrombin activation in a dose-dependent manner, but was without effect in J82 and CAPAN-2 incubation mixtures. Factor V coagulant activity was observed in COLO 205 and HepG2 cells as well as their culture media, but was not detected in J82 and @entity1 cells or their culture media. Biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation studies revealed that COLO 205 and HepG2 cells constitutively synthesized factor V or a factor-V-like molecule that comigrated with @entity1 factor V/Va on @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. All four @entity5 cell lines exhibited saturation binding of exogenous @entity1 factor Va resulting in a dose-dependent enhancement of their ability to augment prothrombin activation. Our results indicate that these @entity5 cells can readily assemble a functional cell surface prothrombinase complex that may be important in fibrin deposition associated with the growth and metastatic progression of these, and perhaps, other @entity5 .

title: @entity5 cells augment the XXXX -catalyzed conversion of prothrombin to @entity556 .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity6236 :: (2159,Gene) :: ['factor Xa']


abstract: 1. A group of 34 monkeys were infected intracerebrally with 0.1 cc. of a 10 per cent virus suspension. Following infection, 9 animals were treated with daily injections of 700 to 100 mg., 16 with 50 to 10 mg. and 9 with 5 mg. of @entity620 for a period of 2 weeks. In the whole group there were 6 animals that survived without showing any evidence of @entity912 . 2 of these had received 50 to 10 mg. while 4 had received 5 mg. All of 19 untreated control monkeys, infected simultaneously with the same amount of virus, developed @entity912 . 2. Another group of 6 monkeys were infected intracerebrally with 0.05 cc. of virus. Following infection, one animal was treated in the same manner with 25 mg. and 5 with 5 mg. of @entity620 . In the whole group there was one animal that survived without showing any evidence of @entity912 . This animal had received 5 mg. All of 7 untreated control monkeys, infected simultaneously with the same amount of virus, developed @entity912 . 3. A third group of 22 monkeys were infected intracerebrally with 0.01 cc. of virus. Following infection, one animal was treated in the same manner with 100 mg., 2 with 50 to 10 mg., and 19 with 5 mg. of @entity620 . In the whole group there were 12 animals that survived without showing any evidence of @entity912 . One of these had received 10 mg., while 11 had received 5 mg. Of 12 untreated control monkeys, infected simultaneously with the same amount of virus, 2 failed to show any @entity1109 and 10 developed @entity912 . 4. A summary of the results obtained in all three groups shows: (a) that among a total of 62 treated monkeys, 19 survived without @entity912 and 43 succumbed to the disease, while of a total of 38 untreated controls, only 2 failed to develop @entity912 and 36 succumbed to the disease; (b) that treatment with large doses of @entity620 was without any beneficial effect (all 10 monkeys which had received 700 to 100 mg. developing @entity912 , that the administration of intermediate doses was followed by occasional survival without @entity912 of the treated animal (3 monkeys surviving of a total of 19 which had received 50 to 10 mg.), and that nearly one-half of the animals which had received small doses escaped the disease (16 monkeys surviving of a total of 33 which had received 5 mg.). 5. Attempts to protect monkeys against subsequent intracerebral infection by the prophylactic administration of @entity620 , either per os or parenterally, have produced negative results. 6. The pathogenesis of @entity3328 is discussed in the light of the experimental findings and the possibility is suggested that @entity620 represents one of the deficiency factors in the susceptibility problem of the @entity1 disease.

title: XXXX THERAPY AND PROPHYLAXIS IN EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS.

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['infantile paralysis']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['VITAMIN C']


abstract: Background @entity6313 is a common disease; topical treatment is usually poorly effective, while systemic treatment is more effective but may be associated with side-effects. Iontophoretic drug delivery may improve drug penetration through the nail and lead to better therapeutic results. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of topical treatments with @entity8974 @entity5828 delivered with or without an iontophoretic patch in @entity1 with @entity6313 of the toenails. Methods @entity1 enrolled into the study were divided randomly into two groups. Group A was treated with @entity8974 and an iontophoretic patch (at a constant current density of 100 microA cm(-2)). Group B was treated with @entity8974 without iontophoresis. Treatment was overnight wear, every day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. Follow-up period was 8 weeks from the end of treatment. Results A significant clinical response was recorded in @entity1 of group A (active group). The percentage of @entity1 having healthy toenail growth of more than 1.5 mm at the end of treatment was 40% compared with 11% in @entity1 treated with @entity8974 without current (passive group). The percentage of @entity1 having fungal elements (KOH) in nail specimens decreased significantly at 8 weeks following the completion of treatment: 16% in the active group vs. 53% in the passive group. @entity1 in the active group reported a tingling sensation that is expected when using an iontophoretic drug delivery treatment. Conclusions The delivery of @entity8974 under an electrical current of 100 microA cm(-2) appears to be efficacious and safe and is well tolerated for the treatment of nail @entity6313 .

title: Iontophoretic delivery of @entity8974 in XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['Onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . Its prevalence is increasing annually by 2%. The determination of modifiable risk factors has been the subject of various studies. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors of @entity0 in @entity1 in Golestan Province. @entity1 AND METHODS: This case-control study was conducted among @entity1 with @entity0 recorded in the @entity5 registry system between 2004 and 2006 (n = 134), and their age-matched healthy neighbors (n = 133). Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Age at marriage, menarche and pregnancy, breast feeding, positive family history, marital status, and educational level were not significantly correlated with risk of @entity0 , but age at menopause (< 46.6 years) was significantly correlated (95% confidence interval 1.15-7.37; p = 0.021). Live births, still births, and @entity1 deaths were not significantly different between the 2 groups. For other variables, such as smoking history, no odds ratio was calculated. CONCLUSION: Results show that there is no significant correlation between variables and risk of @entity0 in our population, except for age at menopause. A large cohort study is recommended.

title: Modifiable Risk of XXXX in Northeast Iran: Hope for the Future. A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for @entity454 in @entity1 . As a technically demanding surgery with complex medical management, it is associated with a number of complications. Anatomic imaging including ultrasonography with color and spectral Doppler and functional assessment with renal perfusion scintigraphy are complementary for the detection and characterization of posttransplant complications. Complications can be characterized by the time of appearance after transplantation (immediate, early, or late) or the anatomic site of origin (perinephric, vascular, urologic, or renal parenchymal). Perinephric fluid collections include @entity1410 and @entity2080 , abscesses, lymphoceles, and @entity6986 . Noninfected collections frequently resolve spontaneously but should be monitored to exclude progression. @entity455 are more prevalent in pediatric @entity1 because of the small vessel caliber and include vascular @entity715 and @entity850 . @entity2548 and @entity2849 can complicate biopsy and are typically transient. Common urologic complications include @entity2478 and @entity5450 . Renal perfusion scintigraphy can be invaluable in elucidating the nature of such complications. @entity8 include @entity4295 , rejection, and toxic effects of medication. Imaging features of @entity8 can overlap, and the primary role of imaging is to exclude alternative causes of @entity8 . Renal and nonrenal mass lesions are more common in immunosuppressed @entity1 after transplantation. Familiarity with the normal imaging appearance of the renal allograft and the appearances of common complications facilitates accurate diagnosis and timely treatment, with the ultimate goal of increasing graft survival. This goal is particularly crucial in @entity1 , given their greater number of projected life years.

title: Imaging of XXXX : a pictorial review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal parenchymal abnormalities', 'renal parenchymal abnormalities', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['urine leak']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pediatric renal transplants and their complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: : To study whether @entity130 center @entity1 with positive toxicology findings for @entity2072 -positive (COC+) are at a higher risk for suicide, homicide, and @entity204 after discharge than @entity2072 -negative (COC+) @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: : @entity1 admitted between July 1983 and June 1995 and discharged alive from a level I @entity130 center were prospectively followed up for 1.5 years to 14.5 years. The occurrence of suicide, homicide, and @entity204 was explored in relation to COC+ status at admission using Cox proportional hazards methodology. Models included possible confounders. Interactions with each of the main effects were explored. RESULTS: : Of the 27,399 admissions, 21,500 had urine COC toxicology testing performed and were included in the study. COC was positive in 11.4% of the studied population. COC+ @entity1 were significantly younger, with 72% of COC+ versus 43% of COC- in the 25 to 44 years age group. COC+ @entity1 were more likely to be @entity1 , positive for @entity167 , and intentional injury victims. COC+ status was not associated with subsequent suicide. Furthermore, the COC+ status association with subsequent homicide became nonsignificant after adjusting for confounders. Unadjusted COC+ status was associated with @entity204 (odds ratio = 1.65 [1.14-2.40]). Interactions were found in the association with @entity204 such that COC+ status tripled the odds of @entity204 (odds ratio = 2.75 [1.58-4.78]) among the @entity167 -negative @entity1 within the 25 to 45 years age group. CONCLUSION: : COC+ @entity130 @entity1 are at an increased risk of subsequent @entity204 after discharge from a @entity130 center. Suicide and homicide occurrence seems to be unaffected.

title: Suicides, homicides, and unintentional @entity204 after @entity130 center discharge: XXXX use as a risk factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['unintentional injury death', 'injury death']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The impairment of @entity18206 neurotransmission system is considered to play a major role in the pathophysiology of @entity2724 . It has been hypothesized that @entity792 underlie the etiology of @entity2724 , based on the tight association with @entity1533 *1501/ @entity3098 *0602. It remains unclear if autoantibodies against hypocretin receptors (hcrtrl and @entity36260 ) are involved in @entity2724 . DESIGN: We have developed a novel radioligand binding assay to address this question. Sera from 181 @entity1 with @entity2724 , 10 @entity1 with other @entity2147 , and 91 control subjects were used. @entity1 [35S]- @entity25284 , hcrtrl, and @entity36260 were synthesized by in vitro transcription/translation system. The immune complex of autoantibody and each [35S]-protein were immunoprecipitated and quantified using a radioligand-binding assay. RESULTS: We detected autoantibodies against hypocretin in 3 @entity1 , hcrtrl in 1 @entity1 , and @entity36260 in 5 @entity1 with @entity2724 . Positive reactions were also found against hcrtrl in 2 and @entity36260 in 1 control subjects. No relationships were found between these autoantibodies and @entity1533 *1501/ @entity3098 *0602 haplotypes, presence of cataplexy, presence of subjective @entity25 , or the score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. CONCLUSIONS: Although we have detected autoantibodies against the hypocretin neurotransmission system, our results do not support the hypothesis that autoantibody-mediated dysfunction in the hypocretin system underlies the pathophysiology of @entity2724 .

title: Detection of autoantibodies against hypocretin, hcrtrl, and @entity36260 in @entity2724 : anti- XXXX system antibody in @entity2724 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal sleep disruption']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnias']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity18206 :: ('MESH:C110857', 'Chemical') :: ['hypocretin']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune abnormalities']

answer: @entity25284 :: (3060,Gene) :: ['Hcrt']


abstract: There are many opportunities to improve @entity6 care through more effective use of EHR-based @entity8939 . The report of Kantor et al. [16] is encouraging because it demonstrates sustained efforts by leading health care organizations to implement @entity6 -related EHR-based @entity8939 . However, lack of sophisticated treatment-specific @entity8939 and lack of prioritized recommendations are a cause for concern. Even more disturbing is the substantive heterogeneity in content of @entity6 recommendations now in the field. Some of @entity8939 recommendations described by Kantor et al. [16] are clearly not evidence-based and could increase costs while not improving clinical benefits. The timely identification of these problems is an awkward but necessary first step towards improvement. The health care organizations that are pioneers in the field should be congratulated and encouraged to continue their collaborative efforts to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of EHR-based @entity8939 . Attending to the modest proposals put forward here and by others may help translate the massive investments that we have made in EHR technology into clinical benefits for our @entity1 .

title: Opportunities to Increase the Effectiveness of EHR-Based XXXX Clinical Decision Support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes CDS', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is successfully used for prevention of perinatal @entity16090 transmission. To investigate safety, we compared @entity137 ( @entity137 ) among @entity1 exposed to different maternal cART regimens. We reviewed 158 @entity16090 -uninfected @entity1 born between 1997 and 2009, using logistic regression to model grade >= 1 @entity137 and grade >= 3 @entity137 as a function of maternal cART and confounding variables (preterm, C-section, illicit drug use, race, ethnicity, infant antiretrovirals, and maternal @entity646 ). Frequently used cART regimens included @entity9611 (63%), @entity16332 (80%), @entity486 -boosted @entity5195 (37%), @entity5191 (26%), and @entity5194 (10%). At birth, @entity417 occurred in 13/140 @entity1 (9%), @entity1398 in 27/107 (25%), @entity882 in 5/133 (4%), and liver enzyme elevation in 21/130 (16%). Corresponding rates of @entity137 at 4 weeks were 59/141 (42%), 54/130 (42%), 3/137 (2%), and 3/104 (3%), respectively. Serious @entity137 (grade >=  3) exceeded 2% only for @entity1398 (13% at birth; 9% at 4 weeks). Compared with @entity1 exposed to maternal @entity5195 / @entity486 , @entity1 exposed to @entity5191 and @entity5194 had a 5-fold and 4-fold higher incidence of @entity137 at birth, respectively. In conclusion, hematologic and hepatic @entity137 were frequent, but rarely serious. In this predominantly protease inhibitor-treated population, @entity34677 was associated with the lowest rate of @entity1 @entity137 .

title: Maternal @entity5195 / @entity486 Is Associated with Fewer Adverse Events in @entity1 than XXXX or @entity5194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5191 :: ('MESH:D019888', 'Chemical') :: ['nelfinavir']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['AE', 'adverse events']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity5194 :: ('MESH:C413408', 'Chemical') :: ['atazanavir']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity34677 :: ('C558899', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir/ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir']

answer: @entity5191 :: (MESH:D019888,Chemical) :: ['Nelfinavir']


abstract: The mechanism of @entity2072 -induced hepatotoxicity is not clearly understood. Recent studies show that fluctuations in intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) and/or @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) concentration play a major role in hormone action, and sustained elevations in [ @entity141 ]i may be involved in the initiation of @entity16 . To evaluate the possible involvement of intracellular @entity141 and/or @entity268 , we investigated effects of @entity2072 and @entity3303 on basal, @entity1425 and @entity5393 ( @entity5393 )-induced changes in [ @entity141 ]i and @entity413 efflux from isolated @entity35 hepatocytes. [ @entity141 ]i was monitored continuously using a @entity141 -selective fluorescence indicator, @entity6028 , and was calculated after correcting for autofluorescence. Neither @entity2072 nor @entity3303 (0.1-5 mmol/l) affected basal [ @entity141 ]i, yet both agents decreased @entity1425 (10 mumol/l) and @entity5393 (100 mumol/l)-induced increases in [ @entity141 ]i in a dose-dependent fashion. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at 0.75 mmol/l @entity2072 and 1.7 mmol/l @entity3303 . @entity2072 and @entity3303 also decreased @entity1425 and @entity5393 -induced @entity413 efflux. The dose-dependent effect on @entity1425 -induced @entity413 efflux was similar to that of both anesthetics on @entity1425 -induced increases in [ @entity141 ]i. However, 5 mmol/l @entity2072 or @entity3303 decreased @entity5393 -induced @entity413 efflux by less than 50%, and [ @entity141 ]i by more than 80%. Taken together, these results indicate that @entity2072 and @entity3303 decrease the ability of @entity1425 to stimulate @entity413 efflux by interfering with the @entity141 -mediated, and not the @entity268 -mediated intracellular pathway. It is therefore speculated that alterations in metabolic endocrine regulation may contribute to @entity2072 's hepatotoxic effect.

title: @entity2072 and @entity3303 interfere with @entity1425 -induced changes in intracellular calcium concentration and @entity413 efflux from XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular damage']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic-AMP']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cyclic-AMP', 'DBcAMP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: @entity1897 is a devastating uremic complication that causes debilitating @entity158 . The aim of the study was to assess the influence of high-tone external muscle stimulation (HTEMS) therapy on clinical and electrophysiologycal parameters in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity1897 . @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: The study group consisted of 28 chronic hemodialysis @entity1 (mean age 71.6    8.6 y, median 74 y) on maintenance dialysis for 3 - 187 months (median 31 months). Eight @entity1 (28.9%) were @entity6 . All of them exhibited @entity1897 and had undergone pharmacological therapy without improvement. All subjects were treated with HTEMS for 1 h during a hemodialysis session, 3 times weekly for 12 weeks. The dialysis parameters (duration of the session, blood and dialysate flow) were constant during the treatment period. Electrophysiological evaluation before and after intervention included assessment of sensory nerves (ulnar nerve, sural nerve) and motor nerves (ulnar nerve, peroneal nerve). The examined nerve conduction parameters were conduction velocity, amplitude, distal latency and F-wave latency. RESULTS: In the questionnaire 18 @entity1 (64%) reported improvement of general well-being after HTEMS therapy, 17 @entity1 (61%) felt an increase of physical capacity, and 16 @entity1 (57%) experienced a decreased feeling of cold feet. The electrophysiological findings were obtained in 19 @entity1 who completed the examination before and after the course of HTEMS. A significant improvement was noted in the motor conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve; respective values were 48.53    6.14 vs. 51.50    5.51 m/s, p = 0.03. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated for the first time that the subjective amelioration of @entity1897 by HTEMS treatment is associated with significant improvement in an objective electrophysiological parameter, motor conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve.

title: The effect of high-tone external muscle stimulation on symptoms and electrophysiological parameters of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy', 'uremic peripheral neuropathy', 'overt peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and movement limitation']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['uremic peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Marked elevations of AFP and bHCG in serum or CSF may serve as surrogate diagnostic markers in lieu of histology for primary CNS mixed, @entity2971 . There is less information on the diagnostic sensitivity of bHCG assays in @entity3438 . PROCEDURE: We report baseline serum and lumbar CSF bHCG values in 58 newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed @entity3438 @entity1 gathered from two prospective clinical trials which required that @entity1 have a normal AFP and bHCG  <=50   mIU/ml in serum and lumbar CSF. RESULTS: The location of the @entity5 was: suprasellar(23); pineal(20); suprasellar/pineal(9); and other sites(6). The mean age of the study population was 13.5 (4.3-25.9) years. A total of 23(40%) @entity1 had elevations of bHCG in either serum or CSF, 20(34.5%) of whom had only bHCG elevations in CSF. The @entity1 ' bHCG profiles were divided into four categories: I (normal serum and lumbar CSF bHCG), 35(60%); II (normal serum and elevated CSF bHCG), 20(34.5%); III (elevated serum and CSF bHCG), 2(3.5%); and IV (elevated serum and normal CSF bHCG), 1(2%). The median CSF bHCG level was 7.7(2.5-16) in the 22 @entity1 with abnormal CSF values and the lumbar value was higher than the serum value in 20 of 23(87%) @entity1 with bHCG elevations. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar CSF was a more informative screen for bHCG than serum but the majority of @entity1 (60%) had normal bHCG values at diagnosis. Until a more sensitive @entity5 marker for @entity3438 is devised, histologic confirmation remains the standard of care. Pediatr @entity5 2012; 59: 1180-1182.    2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Diagnostic sensitivity of serum and lumbar CSF bHCG in newly diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Blood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumors']

answer: @entity3438 :: (MESH:D018237,Disease) :: ['CNS germinoma']


abstract: To determine the outcome of @entity358 , data were collected retrospectively between January 1991 and December 1996 on any foetus found to have a lung lesion on antenatal ultrasound. A total of 23 foetuses had lung lesions on antenatal ultrasound. In two foetuses the antenatal ultrasound showed bilateral enlarged "bright" echogenic lungs with evidence of @entity4 . Both pregnancies were terminated and @entity8276 was confirmed. In 15 foetuses the antenatal ultrasound appearance was of a unilateral "bright" echogenic lung. There was one case of @entity2488 and two cases of @entity14943 , which all had surgery. In nine cases there was a reduction in the size of the lesion on serial antenatal ultrasounds and no lesion was detected after birth. In three cases a small lesion was present after birth on chest radiography. In six foetuses the antenatal ultrasound appearance was of unilateral cystic or mixed @entity358 . Two pregnancies were terminated; both had @entity2977 . Four pregnancies were continued and three @entity1 had surgery soon after birth and were confirmed to have had @entity2977 . One @entity1 has been managed conservatively. In conclusion, a definitive diagnosis cannot usually be made antenatally. A large lesion on initial scan does not necessarily predict a poor outcome. The natural history of small asymptomatic postnatal lesions is unknown and a long-term prospective study is needed to determine the outcome of these lesions.

title: Outcome of XXXX detected antenatally.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial atresia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lung abnormalities', 'cystic and echogenic lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal atresia']

entities_list: @entity14943 :: ('MESH:C535735', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lobar emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2977 :: ('MESH:D015615', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['congenital lung abnormalities']


abstract: As summarized in the last issue of the EJM, @entity1 papillomaviruses induce a great variety of @entity3137 and the skin. Particular types of these viruses are associated with specific @entity1 @entity5 , @entity189 . These @entity5 account for about fifteen percent of the whole worldwide @entity5 burden. However, recent epidemiological studies revealed that @entity1083 including those with the @entity5 -related papillomavirus types are very widespread even among asymptomatic healthy individuals. Here, the current understanding of the molecular events leading to papillomavirus-induced @entity5 will be reviewed. It is assumed that these @entity5 arise as a consequence of several molecular modifications of persistently papillomavirus-infected epithelial cells. Experimental studies revealed that the virus types associated with @entity5 harbour two potential oncogenes referred to as E6 and E7. These viral genes are consistently expressed in @entity189 cells. HPV-associated cervical @entity189 cells loose their neoplastic growth properties if the expression of the E6 and E7 genes is inhibited. The proteins encoded by these viral genes thus appear to be ideal targets for a specific pharmacological approach to treat papillomavirus associated @entity5 or their respective precursor lesions. Recent studies in animals furthermore suggest that active vaccination with the viral oncoprotein E7 prevents growth of papillomavirus associated @entity5 . Hence, the possibility arises that also in @entity1 , vaccination with the viral transforming proteins might prevent the development of papillomavirus associated @entity5 .

title: Papillomaviruses in @entity1 disease: Part II. Molecular biology and immunology of XXXX and carcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anogenital cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['papillomavirus infections']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-associated anogenital carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'most notably anogenital carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions of mucosal epithelia']

answer: @entity1083 :: (MESH:D030361,Disease) :: ['papillomavirus infections']


abstract: The effects of @entity2847 on neuroleptic-induced @entity132 ( @entity2588 , @entity6726 and @entity323 ) were investigated. @entity2847 (5.0-7.5 mg/day) was administered to @entity146 @entity1 receiving neuroleptics and developing @entity4089 . The following results were obtained. Menses recurred in 7 of 10 @entity1 with @entity2588 . A decrease in lactation appeared in 5 of 6 @entity1 with @entity6726 . A significant increase in the serum levels of @entity251 was observed after 8 weeks of the treatment in male @entity1 . (N = 6). There was no remarkable deterioration in regard to the @entity716 in @entity161 @entity1 . (N = 7). In non- @entity161 @entity1 (N = 9), a significant improvement was observed in regard to "somatic concern" (in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale).

title: Effects of @entity2847 on neuroleptic-induced XXXX , @entity6726 and @entity323 .

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine', 'Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity2588 :: (MESH:D000568,Disease) :: ['amenorrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ) is an emerging disease. Its incidence and prevalence have been exponentially increasing in the last decade. The clinical manifestations of @entity5202 vary especially in @entity1 . @entity56 is strongly implicated in the disease. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively examine the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic features of pediatric @entity1 with @entity5202 , in order to better understand the diversity of the disease, thereby improving clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The data were retrospectively collected from 20 pediatric @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity5202 . Demographic information, clinical symptoms and duration, as well as endoscopic findings were correlated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 11 years. Male @entity1 had higher prevalence of @entity5202 . Thirty-five percent of the @entity1 had food @entity566 on either skin prick test or IgE radioallergosorbent test, and @entity66 were common in the group. @entity354 appeared to be the major symptom in younger @entity1 , whereas @entity1282 and @entity3355 were more common in older @entity1 . The referral and final diagnosis were often delayed. Esophageal white exudates were the most prominent feature in the younger age group, whereas @entity1208 occurred more often in older @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity5202 is more common in male subjects. The clinical and endoscopic features depend upon the age. Allergic processes are strongly involved in pathogenesis. The present results will improve understanding of the characteristics of the disease in the pediatric population and enhance clinicians' vigilance for the diagnosis of @entity5202 .

title: Pediatric XXXX : single-center experience in northwestern USA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['food impaction']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal ring-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: The cholinergic system is involved in arousal and in @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ). To evaluate the contribution of nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) to these functions, we studied with polygraphic recordings the regulation of sleep in @entity19 lacking the @entity8042 subunit gene of the nAChRs, a major component of high-affinity @entity1239 binding sites in the brain. @entity1239 (1-2 mg/kg, i.p.) increased wakefulness in wild-type but not knock-out animals, indicating that @entity8042 -containing nAChRs mediate the arousing properties of @entity1239 . Under normal conditions, the @entity8042 -/- @entity19 displayed the same amounts of waking, non-REM sleep (NREMS) and @entity11755 as their wild-type counterparts. However, they exhibited longer @entity11755 episodes and a reduced fragmentation of NREMS by events characterized notably by a transient drop in EEG power and frequently associated with EMG activation, tentatively referred to as micro-arousals. Respiration monitoring showed that these events were accompanied with, but not caused by, breathing irregularities. Sleep deprivation of @entity8042 -/- @entity19 resulted in a normal increase in @entity11755 episode duration and NREMS delta power but yielded a reduction of the number of micro-arousals in NREMS. In contrast, in @entity8042 -/- @entity19 , a 1 hr immobilization stress failed to produce the normal rebound in @entity11755 in the following 12 hr and, instead, was associated with @entity1949 and sustained @entity2819 levels. Our results show that the @entity8042 -containing nAChRs contribute to the organization of sleep by regulating the transient phasic activity in NREMS, the @entity11755 onset and duration, and the @entity11755 -promoting effect of stress.

title: @entity8042 -containing nicotinic receptors contribute to the organization of sleep and regulate putative micro-arousals in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['increased NREMS fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REMS', 'rapid eye movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Online @entity146 texts are natural language texts expressing @entity308 , published by Internet users via community-based web services such as web forums, message boards and blogs. Understanding the cause-effect relations embedded in these @entity146 texts can provide insight into the authors' problems, thus increasing the effectiveness of online @entity146 services. METHODS: Previous studies have proposed the use of @entity5545 extracted from a set of sentence pairs to identify cause-effect relations between sentences. A word pair is made up of two words, with one coming from the cause text span and the other from the effect text span. Analysis of the relationship between these words can be used to capture individual word associations between cause and effect sentences. For instance, (broke up, life) and (boyfriend, meaningless) are two @entity5545 extracted from the sentence pair: "I broke up with my boyfriend. Life is now meaningless to me". The major limitation of @entity5545 is that individual words in sentences usually cannot reflect the exact meaning of the cause and effect events, and thus may produce semantically incomplete @entity5545 , as the previous examples show. Therefore, this study proposes the use of inter-sentential language patterns such as    broke up, boyfriend>, <life, meaningless    to detect causality between sentences. The inter-sentential language patterns can capture associations among multiple words within and between sentences, thus can provide more precise information than @entity5545 . To acquire inter-sentential language patterns, we develop a text mining framework by extending the classical association rule mining algorithm such that it can discover frequently co-occurring patterns across the sentence boundary. RESULTS: Performance was evaluated on a corpus of texts collected from PsychPark (http://www.psychpark.org), a virtual @entity146 clinic maintained by a group of volunteer professionals from the Taiwan Association of Mental Health Informatics. Experimental results show that the use of inter-sentential language patterns outperformed the use of @entity5545 proposed in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the acquisition of inter-sentential language patterns for causality detection from online @entity146 texts. Such semantically more complete and precise features can improve causality detection performance.

title: Detecting causality from online XXXX texts using inter-sentential language patterns.

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['word pairs']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive problems']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: AIM: The efficacy and safety of oral @entity12802 (LNX) as early treatment of @entity13549 was compared with placebo and @entity3522 in a 5-day double-blind, randomised study. METHODS: Male or female @entity1 (n = 171) aged 18-70 years with acute sciatica or lumbo-sciatica [acute sciatica defined as typical radiation of @entity158 (including radiating @entity158 below the knee) and worsening of @entity158 as defined by Lasegue's leg-raising test (< 60 degrees ) within 72 h and previous attack ceased > 3 months previously; lumbo-sciatica defined as symptoms of sciatica with concurrent @entity158 and a predefined minimum @entity158 score]. The dosage of study treatment was 8-24 mg/day LNX, 100-150 mg/day @entity3522 or placebo. The primary end-point was the difference in @entity158 intensity difference from baseline to 6 h (PID(0-6 h)) after the first dose of study treatment. Secondary end-points were @entity158 relief, the cumulative sums of @entity158 intensity difference and total @entity158 relief on day 1 and on days 2-4. RESULTS: In total, 164 @entity1 completed the study. Significant differences in PID between LNX and placebo were seen in the time interval 3-8 h after the first dose including PID(0-6 h) (p = 0.015). Secondary end-points favoured LNX vs. placebo, but in general were not significantly different. LNX and @entity3522 had similar analgesic effect. Incidence and severity of adverse events were comparable for the three treatments; overall tolerability was rated as very good/good by 93% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the analgesic efficacy of LNX is superior to placebo and similar to @entity3522 in @entity13549 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity12802 compared with placebo and @entity3522 in XXXX : an analysis from a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel-group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity12802 :: ('MESH:C059451', 'Chemical') :: ['lornoxicam']

entities_list: @entity13549 :: ('MESH:D012585', 'Disease') :: ['acute sciatica/lumbo-sciatica']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain', 'pain along the sciatic nerve', 'pain']

answer: @entity13549 :: (MESH:D012585,Disease) :: ['acute sciatica/lumbo-sciatica']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity299 can be produced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), from parasitic, bacterial or viral origin; or by danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released from dead cells after cardiac tissue damage, for example by @entity1188 . Both, PAMPS and DAMPS activate @entity2939 on resident immune cells and heart tissue cells, triggering an inflammatory process necessary to begin the wound healing process. @entity299 ( @entity299 ) are the most abundant cells in the heart and are critical to wound healing, along with @entity299 ( @entity299 ), which are differentiated from @entity299 through a @entity2533 -mediated process. While @entity2939 and the inflammasome complex are known to play important roles in @entity299 function, the effects of @entity2533 on @entity2939 and inflammasome expression and activity remain unknown. To elucidate this important point, we evaluated the effect of @entity2533 on @entity2939 , and the inflammasome protein expression and activity through activation by @entity558 , mimicking a @entity2401 by bacterial origin. We found that @entity2533 increased @entity2939 expression in @entity299 and that the process was mediated by the TGFbRI and @entity3963 signaling pathways. In both @entity299 and @entity299 , @entity558 triggered @entity1366 , PI3K-Akt, and @entity9135 -NF-kB phosphorylation. All of these effects were blocked by @entity34041 , a @entity2939 signaling pathway inhibitor. @entity558 increased @entity1356 levels, which were dependent on the @entity1366 , PI3K-Akt, and NF-kB signaling pathways, and levels were higher in @entity299 than @entity299 . @entity5704 and @entity938 levels were similar in @entity299 and @entity299 , while pro- @entity9302 levels and @entity9302 activity were higher in @entity299 . @entity558 + @entity855 treatment induced inflammasome complex assembly and activation, triggering the release of @entity1356 in both @entity299 and @entity299 . Finally, the unsecreted @entity1356 in the @entity299 was degraded by autophagy. CONCLUSION: @entity2533 increases @entity2939 expression in @entity299 . Despite different pro- @entity1356 and @entity9302 activity levels in @entity299 versus @entity299 , the two cell types secreted similar levels of @entity1356 after @entity558 + @entity855 treatment. These findings suggest that both cell types are active @entity1 in @entity32 .

title: Expression and function of @entity2939 and inflammasomes in cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts: XXXX synthesis, secretion, and degradation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac fibroblasts', 'CMF', 'cardiac myofibroblasts', 'Cardiac inflammation', 'CF']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis condition']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5962 is a cell structural protein that has a pivotal role in cell-cell adhesion and epithelial development. Up to now, loss of activity of @entity5962 is believed to contribute to progression in several neoplastic diseases of epidermoid origin including @entity189 ( @entity189 ) by increasing invasion and proliferation. Besides, functional genetic variations in the promoter region of the @entity5962 gene have been associated with susceptibility to several @entity5 . In the current study we investigated the impact of the functional C/A genetic polymorphism at -160 from transcriptional start site of the @entity5962 gene promoter on susceptibility and prognosis in @entity189 . METHODS: A PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the variation of the @entity26192 promoter region in a Tunisian population consisting of 162 @entity189 @entity1 and 140 age matched healthy controls. Associations of the genetic markers with the clinicopathological parameters and the rates of the @entity189 -specific overall survival and the disease-free survival were also assessed. RESULTS: A significantly increased risk of @entity189 was observed for carriers of @entity5962 -160A allele (OR=2.02; P=0.008). AA and CA genotypes entailed a 4.12 and 1.8 fold high risks, respectively for @entity189 compared to the CC genotype. Additionally, an association was ascertained between the @entity5962 polymorphism and the young age onset of @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on the studies of functional @entity5962 polymorphisms in @entity189 and our preliminary results suggest that the @entity26192 promoter polymorphism is associated with increased risk of @entity189 in the Tunisian population, especially in young @entity1 .

title: A single nucleotide polymorphism in the @entity5962 gene promoter -160 C/A is associated with risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC', 'nasopharyngeal carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether resident physicians (MDs) could complete a @entity204 certificate for elderly @entity1 with injury-related fatalities and whether their abilities were related to training or other factors. SETTING: A large tertiary teaching hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. @entity1 : Three hundred thirty-six MDs. DESIGN: Through an anonymous Web-based test, MDs were questioned regarding prior training and experience in completion of @entity204 certificates. The MDs read a case of an elderly @entity1 who died from @entity510 after a fall and then completed a test @entity204 certificate. Whether proper completion was associated with @entity601 characteristics such as year of residency, self-assessment, or previous @entity204 certificate experience was examined. RESULTS: Almost two-thirds (63.6%) of MDs completed the test. Of @entity1 , 52% (95% confidence interval (CI)=46-59%) filled out the @entity204 certificate with the correct primary cause of @entity204 and 10% (95% CI=6-14%) listed the three major contributing causes of @entity204 . Only 35% (95% CI=28-41%) correctly reported injury as a contributing cause of @entity204 , but 51% of the @entity1 reported a high level of confidence in their ability to complete a @entity204 certificate accurately. CONCLUSION: Accurate completion of the sample @entity204 certificate and identification of injury was low, and MDs overrated their abilities. Death certificates completed by MDs may not be accurate and may underestimate the contribution of injury to elderly mortality.

title: Death certificate inaccuracy and underreporting of injury in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the relationships between contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and new @entity3814 occurring after percutaneous vertebroplasty ( @entity12468 ) in order to determine the necessity of contrast-enhanced MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material comprised 13 consecutive @entity1 (27 vertebrae) with @entity3814 who underwent vertebroplasty. Twenty-nine adjacent vertebrae were monitored for new @entity3814 . We performed contrast-enhanced MRI within the 5 days following @entity12468 . RESULTS: The 29 adjacent vertebrae displayed 10 enhanced lesions and 19 vertebral bodies without enhancement-unenhanced lesions on MRI within the 5 days after @entity12468 . In 4 out of 10 vertebrae, enhanced lesions were seen within the 5 days after @entity12468 , but no abnormalities were seen on preoperative MRI. In these 4 vertebrae, new @entity3814 were seen within the 1 month following @entity12468 . In the other 6 vertebrae, enhanced lesions were seen within the 5 days after @entity12468 , and these signal changes were detected by preoperative MRI in the same area. In 3 of these 6 vertebrae, new @entity3814 occurred at 4, 8, and 9 months after @entity12468 , respectively. However, all of the enhanced lesions were detectable on unenhanced MRI, which was conducted at the same time as enhanced MRI. CONCLUSION: New @entity3814 after @entity12468 may be predicted with early postoperative MRI. Contrast-enhanced MRI does not improve detection of the new lesions.

title: Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging after percutaneous vertebroplasty does not improve the short-term prediction of new XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['compression fractures']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['compression fractures']


abstract: One hundred nine @entity1 with recurrent episodes of symptomatic @entity955 or @entity5069 , or both, who had failed one to five previous antiarrhythmic drug trials were treated with @entity2779 and, subsequently, @entity2778 if @entity955 recurred. The clinical profile of the study group was as follows: age 63 +/- 13 years, left atrial anteroposterior dimension 4.4 +/- 0.9 cm and left ventricular ejection fraction 57 +/- 14%. Paroxysmal @entity955 occurred in 56 @entity1 (51%) and chronic @entity955 occurred in 53 @entity1 (49%). After loading and dose titration phases were completed, the maintenance doses of drugs were 450 to 900 mg/day for @entity2779 and 160 to 960 mg/day for @entity2778 . Life table estimates of the duration of freedom from @entity955 were constructed for each drug trial. The percent of @entity1 free of recurrent symptomatic @entity943 at 6 months was 39% for @entity2779 and 50% for @entity2778 . The cumulative proportion of @entity1 successfully treated with @entity2779 or @entity2778 , or both, by 6 months was 55% and remained relatively constant beyond that point. The incidence of intolerable side effects necessitating discontinuation of therapy ranged from 7% to 8%. Thus, despite previous unsuccessful drug trials, a substantial proportion of @entity1 with recurrent symptomatic @entity955 refractory to conventional therapy can be treated successfully and safely with newer antiarrhythmic drugs. @entity177 tend to occur early in the course of follow-up, permitting easy identification of candidates for alternative therapeutic approaches.

title: Therapy of refractory symptomatic XXXX and atrial flutter: a staged care approach with new antiarrhythmic drugs.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Treatment failures']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations, few primary care providers (PCPs) counsel @entity28 @entity1 about @entity353 . The POWER practice-based @entity353 trial used health coaches to provide @entity353 counseling, but PCPs referred their @entity1 and reviewed their @entity1 ' progress reports. This trial provided a unique opportunity to understand PCPs' actual and desired roles in a multi-component @entity353 intervention. OBJECTIVE: 1) To explore the PCP role, inclusive of and beyond the trial's intended role, in a practice-based @entity353 trial; and 2) to elicit recommendations by PCPs for wider dissemination of the successful multi-component program. DESIGN: Qualitative focus group study of PCPs with >=  4 @entity1 enrolled in trial. @entity1 : Twenty-six out of 30 PCPs from six community practices participated between June and August 2010. MAIN MEASURES: We used a semi-structured moderator guide. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two investigators independently coded transcripts for thematic content, identified meaningful segments within the responses and assigned codes using an editing style analysis. Atlas.ti software was used for organization/analysis. MAIN RESULTS: We identified five major themes related to the PCP's role in @entity1 ' weight management: (1) refer @entity1 into program, provide endorsement; (2) provide accountability for @entity1 ; (3) "cheerlead" for @entity1 during visits; (4) have limited role in weight management; and (5) maintain the long-term trusting relationship through the ups and downs. PCPs provided several recommendations for wider dissemination of the program into primary care practices, highlighting the need for specific feedback from coaches as well as efficient, integrated processes. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss programs have the potential to partner with PCPs to build upon the @entity1 -provider relationship to improve @entity1 accountability and sustain behavior change. However, rather than directing the @entity353 , PCPs preferred a peripheral role by utilizing health coaches.

title: Insights from the POWER practice-based XXXX trial: a focus group study on the PCP's role in weight management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: During the course of a @entity3147 study, the efficiency of two diets has been followed by clinical observations and biochemical tests. The diets were adapted to the physiological state of 25 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 6 young mothers, 1 adolescent and 2 @entity1 ) undergoing treatment in a rural hospital at Yasa-Bonga, Za  re. One group of @entity1 was examined after two weeks of treatment (6 @entity1 , 2 mothers), the other group after two months (8 @entity1 , 5 adults). In order to study the evolution of the illness, 9 @entity1 and 3 young mothers were examined regularly after the return to their villages every 6 months for 2-4 years. The @entity1 responded positively to both diets. After two months of treatment they had clinically recovered, except for the most serious cases. After two weeks of treatment a deficiency in electrolytes, low levels of prealbumin and a net increase in @entity69 were noted. After 2 months of treatment the @entity1 had regained their normal growth ( @entity720 index), and most of the biochemical parameters had reached their normal value despite a few deficiencies in electrolytes, @entity3151 and @entity1760 . However, the prealbumin level remained low, particularly amongst @entity1 suffering from relapses. In a few cases the activities of @entity32714 ( @entity32714 ) and @entity6811 ( @entity6811 ) remained low, which was taken as a sign of poor response to treatment. Generally, the adults responded more slowly to treatment than the @entity1 . Regular examinations carried out on certain @entity1 on their return to the villages permitted 2 groups to be distinguished: the first one was composed of @entity1 recuperating well due to good social conditions; the second group of @entity1 suffered from relapses due to lack of hygiene and of rudimentary knowledge of nutrition, and above all severe social problems. The condition of the liver of all these @entity1 was very important; it could be estimated by the determination of the serum levels of prealbumin and the activities of @entity32714 , @entity6811 and isoenzymes of @entity6811 .

title: Study on XXXX . III. Biochemical assessment of the dietary treatment and evolution of the illness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32714 :: ('MESH:C537417', 'Disease') :: ['cholinesterase', 'CHE']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity6811 :: ('92086', 'Gene') :: ['gamma-GT', 'gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: AIM: To summarize our methods and experience with interventional treatment for symptomatic acute-subacute portal vein and superior @entity715 (PV-SMV) @entity715 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 (30 males, 16 females, aged 17-68 years) with symptomatic acute-subacute portal and superior @entity715 were accurately diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound scans, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. They were treated with interventional therapy, including direct thrombolysis (26 cases through a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; 6 through percutaneous transhepatic portal vein cannulation) and indirect thrombolysis (10 through the femoral artery to superior mesenteric artery catheterization; 4 through the radial artery to superior mesenteric artery catheterization). RESULTS: The blood reperfusion of PV-SMV was achieved completely or partially in 34 @entity1 3-13 d after thrombolysis. In 11 @entity1 there was no PV-SMV blood reperfusion but the number of collateral vessels increased significantly. Symptoms in these 45 @entity1 were improved dramatically without severe operational complications. In 1 @entity1 , the thrombi did not respond to the interventional treatment and resulted in @entity39 , which required surgical treatment. In 3 @entity1 with interventional treatment, thrombi re-formed 1, 3 and 4 mo after treatment. In these 3 @entity1 , indirect PV-SMV thrombolysis was performed again and was successful. CONCLUSION: Interventional treatment, including direct or indirect PV-SMV thrombolysis, is a safe and effective method for @entity1 with symptomatic acute-subacute PV-SMV @entity715 .

title: Interventional treatment for symptomatic acute-subacute portal and superior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'mesenteric vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal necrosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['mesenteric vein thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of enucleation versus resection in @entity1 with small pancreatic, ampullary, and duodenal @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Multi-institutional retrospective review identified all @entity1 with pancreatic and peri-pancreatic @entity5 who underwent surgery from January 1990 to October 2008. @entity1 with @entity5 < or =3 cm and without nodal or metastatic disease were included. RESULTS: Of the 271 @entity1 identified, 122 (45%) met the inclusion criteria and had either an enucleation (n = 37) and/or a resection (n = 87). @entity5 were more likely to be in the pancreatic head (P = 0.003) or functioning (P < 0.0001) and, when applicable, less likely to result in splenectomy (P = 0.0003). The rate of pancreatic @entity292 formation was higher after enucleation (P < 0.01), but the @entity292 severity tended to be worse following resection (P = 0.07). The enucleation and resection @entity1 had similar operative times, @entity190 , overall morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, and 5-year survival. However, for @entity788 , enucleation resulted in decreased @entity190 , operative time, and length of stay compared to pancreaticoduodenectomy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that most outcomes of enucleation and resection for small pancreatic and peri-pancreatic @entity5 are comparable. However, enucleation has better outcomes than pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity75 and the advantage of preserving splenic function for tail lesions.

title: Small XXXX : resect or enucleate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Enucleated tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'NETs', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['head lesions']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic and periampullary neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between magnitude of @entity353 and improvement in percentage @entity3916 ( @entity3916 %) among overweight and @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) undergoing @entity353 . METHODS: Case records of @entity1 enrolled in 2 university-based weight management programs were reviewed. @entity1 were sampled if they had a diagnosis of @entity6 and had at least 1 documented @entity3916 % reduction from their baseline value. Weight loss treatment was individualized and consisted of a calorie-restricted diet, a behavior modification plan, and a plan for increasing physical activity. @entity1 weights were measured at bimonthly visits. @entity3916 % was measured every 3 months. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 formed the study cohort. Mean baseline body mass index was 35.1 kg/m(2), mean age was 52.6 years, and 59% were males. Mean starting @entity3916 % was 8.6. @entity1 achieved significant mean @entity353 (10.7 kg) at study exit. Weight loss of 6.5 kg (4.5% of baseline body weight), 12.2 kg (8.7%), and 15.9 kg (10.3%) was required to reduce @entity3916 % by 0.5, 1, and 1.5, respectively, and it took a mean of 5.6, 8.7, and 10.1 months, respectively, to achieve this. After adjustment for antidiabetic medication intake, for every 10% @entity353 , the predicted reduction in @entity3916 % was 0.81. CONCLUSIONS: Intentional @entity353 of 10% can potentially decrease @entity3916 % by 0.81 among @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . This finding may be clinically useful in encouraging and counseling a @entity1 attempting @entity353 .

title: Association between glycosylated hemoglobin and intentional @entity353 in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 with XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Survivors of childhood @entity5 experience many social adaptation problems. We aimed to identify social, educational, and occupational issues of this growing population. @entity1 AND METHODS: Survivors treated for childhood malignant solid @entity5 who were older than 18 years and in remission for at least 3 years were surveyed. The educational achievement, employment, type of habitation, marital status, parenthood, social insurance, and smoking status of the @entity1 were inquired and recorded. RESULTS: Two hundred one @entity1 (126 male @entity1 /75 female @entity1 ) were included in the study between 2007 and 2009. The median ages at the time of diagnosis and at the time of study were 10 years (range, 0 to 19 y) and 23 years (range, 18 to 39 y), respectively. The median follow-up duration was 13.5 years (range, 3 to 31 y). Nearly half of the @entity1 were @entity706 survivors. One hundred eleven (55.5%) survivors were high school graduates and 47 (23%) were university graduates. Unemployment rate was 36.8%. Public social insurance rate was 90.5%. Fifty-three (26.4%) survivors had independent habitation. Thirty percent of survivors were married and 7.5% had at least 1 @entity1 . Marriage rates were significantly higher in survivors who were older than 23 years, had a follow-up duration of >13 years, had a job, and lived independently (for each parameter P=0.001). University degree was significantly lower in survivors who were treated for @entity1221 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results have drawn a more marked picture with lower educational achievement and marital rates when compared with the results of large survivorship studies conducted in developed countries. However, they can be interpreted as intriguing when limited resources are taken into account.

title: Educational achievement, employment, smoking, marital, and insurance statuses in long-term survivors of childhood malignant solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4347 with invasion of the anterior abdominal wall and @entity11941 development is a rare condition. To the best of the authors' knowledge, five such cases have been reported in the medical literature. METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity1 was a 68-year-old @entity1 who presented with a mass growing through the incisional scar and a @entity11941 with mucinous discharge 1 year after appendectomy via McBurney's incision. Carcinoembroyonic antigen and @entity1735 antigen 19-9 concentration was elevated. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a mass in the cecum with involvement of the abdominal wall. Right hemicolectomy with en bloc abdominal wall implant and @entity11941 resection with clear margins was performed. DISCUSSION: The @entity1 received intraperitoneal intra- and postoperative chemotherapy. Gross examination of the specimen showed a mass emerging from the remnant stump of the appendix. The @entity1 showed no relapse 1 year after surgery. Clinical, paraclinical features, and treatment options are discussed with review of the literature.

title: Appendiceal XXXX with implantation metastasis to the incision scar and @entity11941 .

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix']

entities_list: @entity11941 :: ('MESH:D017577', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous fistula', 'skin fistula']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity4347 :: (MESH:D018282,Disease) :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma']


abstract: Annually, millions of @entity1 across the world are inflicted with bone @entity174 . Untimely healing is a significant burden in terms of socioeconomic costs, personal costs, and @entity1 ' quality of life. @entity258 ( @entity258 ) has gained much attention as a potential adjunctive therapy for accelerating fresh @entity174 healing, but its efficacy remains controversial. This paper is presented in two parts a literature review followed by a systematic review. The literature review highlights the physiology of @entity174 healing and the influence @entity258 exerts on cells and molecules involved in this healing process. In part two, we present a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the clinical effectiveness of @entity258 in accelerating the time to @entity174 healing. The electronic databases we searched for the systematic review are as follows: MEDLINE (from 1996 to November 2008), EMBASE (from 1996 to November 2008), and Healthstar (from 1966 to October 2008). A two-step screening process was used to assess the eligibility of studies yielded by our search. The first step was a review of titles and abstracts for the selection of studies that met the following criteria: (i) inclusion of skeletally mature @entity1 with a fresh @entity174 , (ii) a minimum of two treatment arms with at least one arm receiving @entity258 treatment and another arm receiving placebo, (iii) random allocation of @entity1 to the different treatment arms, (iv) radiological assessment of time to @entity174 healing, and (v) publication in the English language. In the second step, selected articles were reviewed in full text. Eligible trials were all scored independently by two reviewers for methodological reporting quality using the 15-item CLEAR NPT checklist (Checklist to Evaluate the Report of a Nonpharmacological Trial). We identified a total of seventy seven studies, nine of which met our inclusion criteria after the initial screening. Of these nine trials, seven were included for the final review. The types of @entity174 studied among these seven trials included @entity5251 , radial, and @entity174 . Three of the seven trials found that @entity258 significantly reduces healing time compared to placebo, whereas the other four did not find a statistically significant difference. There is a substantial level of inconsistency in the findings of several RCTs evaluating the efficacy of @entity258 as an adjunct for @entity174 healing. Although @entity258 has proven to be effective in certain trials for accelerating @entity174 healing, no definitive statement can be made regarding its universal use for all @entity174 types and methods of @entity174 care. Future high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes may help to elucidate the specific indications that warrant or dismiss the need for @entity258 therapy.

title: XXXX : Fracture healing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LIPUS', 'Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['lateral malleolar']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture injuries', 'tibial fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound']


abstract: 1. Crithidia fasciculata was grown in a serum-free medium. 2. Twenty-six hours after addition of 2, 5, 20, 50, and 150 microM acivicin to logarithmically growing organisms, cell counts were decreased to 46, 23, 14, 9.1, and 8.6% of the control, respectively. 3. @entity17350 plus @entity3183 (0.1 mM each) provided complete protection against growth inhibition by 5 microM acivicin. 4. Cells exposed to 10 microM acivicin showed a time-dependent, irreversible inactivation of @entity9640 -dependent @entity12116 synthetase II activity; @entity3265 -dependent synthetase II activity was increased up to 34% of the control. 5. @entity1160 (20 mM) protected the enzyme from inactivation in vivo. 6. These results indicate that @entity27330 acts as an affinity analog of @entity9640 in vivo as it does in vitro.

title: @entity27330 inhibits Crithidia fasciculata growth in a serum-free medium and inactivates XXXX synthetase II in vivo.

entities_list: @entity12116 :: ('MESH:D002221', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamoyl-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity17350 :: ('MESH:D006151', 'Chemical') :: ['Guanosine']

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine']

answer: @entity12116 :: (MESH:D002221,Chemical) :: ['carbamoyl-phosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival rate of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in the peripheral joint involvement of @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) in a setting of everyday clinical practice. METHODS: This was an observational restrospective study performed using the data from a dermatological-rheumatological @entity5144 clinic. All of the @entity1 evaluated at this clinic from March 1997 to December 2007 who were started on @entity1500 alone, had a three-year follow-up time or had discontinued the therapy were included into the survey. RESULTS: Of the 174 evaluable @entity1 , 104 (59.8%) were still taking @entity1500 after three years of treatment. The reasons of therapy discontinuation in the remaining 70 (40.2%) @entity1 were: 34 (19.5%) lost-to-follow-up, 18 (10.3%) adverse events, 14 (8%) inefficacies, and 4 (2.3%) deaths (none related to the therapy). @entity1500 was effective in @entity32 but not in preventing their deterioration. Overall, adverse events were recorded in 43 @entity1 (36.4% of the 114 @entity1 with a three-year follow-up). No serious side effect occurred in the study population. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that, in a setting of clinical pratice, @entity1500 had a good three-year performance in @entity1 with peripheral @entity5144 . Almost 60% of them were still taking this drug at the end of the study period and the @entity137 was more than acceptable. In our opinion, @entity1500 might be considered the non-biological DMARD of choice for the treatment of this condition. However it should be used earlier and at higher doses.

title: [Long-term survival of @entity1499 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['controlling joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical safety of a @entity2226 containing irrigation solution (AcriProTect) before its routine application in pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ). METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 who underwent @entity2286 were included in this prospective interventional clinical study. Standard irrigation solution containing the addendum 3 mmol/L @entity2226 was used during @entity2286 . Postoperative follow-up visits included a standard eye examination, corneal thickness measurements, endothelial cell counts, determination of the foveal thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and an electrophysiologic examination. For statistical analysis Wilcoxon test was used. RESULTS: Significant improvement of visual acuity (VA) was observed at the 3- and 6-month controls (P = 0.024; P = 0.002 for 3 and 6 months, respectively). Endothelial cell counts and corneal thickness at 3 and 6 months were not significantly different from preoperative values (P = 0.204; P = 0.126 for endothelial cell count and P = 0.475; P = 0.095 for corneal thickness at 3 and 6 months, respectively). Both scotopic and photopic Ganzfeld electroretinography and electro-oculography did not show significant changes during the follow-up. No increase in complication rate was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The investigation demonstrates a good biocompatibility of @entity2226 -containing irrigation solution developed for vitrectomy in @entity1 concomitant with habitually observed good functional outcome.

title: Safety profile of a XXXX containing irrigation solution (AcriProTect) in pars plana vitrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

answer: @entity2226 :: (MESH:D013654,Chemical) :: ['taurine']


abstract: To analyze myelin structure and the composition of myelinated tissue in the @entity19298 ( @entity31248 ), we used a combination of ultrastructural and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy showed @entity17 : CNS sheaths abutted one another, and PNS sheaths were separated by endoneurial collagen. The radial component, prominent in CNS myelin of higher vertebrates, was suggested by the pattern of staining but was poorly organized. The lipid and myelin protein compositions of lungfish tissues more closely resembled those of teleost than those of higher vertebrates (frog, @entity19 ). Of particular note, for example, lungfish glycolipids lacked hydroxy @entity1718 . Native myelin periodicities from unfixed nerves were in the range of those for higher vertebrates rather than for teleost fish. Lungfish PNS myelin had wider inter-membrane spaces compared with other vertebrates, and lungfish CNS myelin had spaces that were closer in value to those in @entity1 than to amphibian or teleost myelins. The membrane lipid bilayer was narrower in lungfish PNS myelin compared to other vertebrates, whereas in the CNS myelin the bilayer was in the typical range. Lungfish PNS myelin showed typical compaction and swelling responses to incubation in acidic or alkaline @entity2421 saline. The CNS myelin, by contrast, did not compact in acidic saline but did swell in the alkaline solution. This lability was more similar to that for the higher vertebrates than for teleost.

title: Myelin structure and composition of myelinated tissue in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['typical multilamellar myelin']

entities_list: @entity31248 :: ('27779', 'Species') :: ['Protopterus dolloi']

entities_list: @entity19298 :: ('7886', 'Species') :: ['African lungfish']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity19298 :: (7886,Species) :: ['African lungfish']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 showed massive @entity360 without a triggering episode. An emergency colonoscopy revealed a protruding vessel in the lower rectum with no active @entity548 . No underlying @entity1066 was seen within the surrounding mucosa. These findings were consistent with @entity75 . Angiography was requested to identify the source of @entity548 and for possible embolization. On the initial angiography, the @entity548 point was unclear. Abnormal vessels such as @entity2758 or nidus were not found. He again developed @entity360 , requiring transfusion of red blood cells. However, the second colonoscopy showed no active @entity548 from the protruding vessel in the rectum. During the second angiography, sudden @entity548 occurred. Angiography showed extravasation of contrast medium from the distal branch of the superior rectal artery. Transcatheter @entity1416 was performed, and was very effective.

title: A case of @entity75 successfully treated by transcatheter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ["rectal Dieulafoy's lesion"]

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal bleeding', 'hematochezia']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['arterial embolization']


abstract: Cultures of @entity291 kidney (BK) cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of @entity4021 virus (FMDV) were incubated at 38.5 degrees C, a temperature nonpermissive for mutant virus growth and RNA synthesis. The cells were subsequently resistant to viral growth and RNA synthesis when superinfected with wild-type FMDV and with @entity778 . The extent of interference was proportional to the multiplicity of infection of the ts mutant. It increased with time elapsed between infection with mutant and @entity281 , becoming greater than 99 percent after 24 hours. Interference was not proportional to decreased levels of cellular protein synthesis. The interference could be produced in the presence of @entity4316 , and thus was apparently mostly caused by the ts mutant itself rather than by interferon. The interference could not be produced in other less susceptible cell lines. Supernatant fluids from the BK cells infected with ts mutant virus interfered with wild-type @entity4631 viral growth and RNA synthesis in fresh BK cells, and also showed low levels of activity in a @entity8310 virus-plaque reduction assay. The properties of the supernatant fluid-interfering agent resembled to some extent those of an interferon. The ts mutant-mediated interference factor was apparently not able to diffuse into the supernatant fluid.

title: Viral interference phenomena induced by @entity4021 temperature-sensitive mutants in XXXX kidney cells.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['heterologous fowl plague virus']

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['challenge infection']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']