abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity30558 is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract. We report a clinicopathological series from the Gulf region. METHODS: The clinical and pathological features of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity30558 at three main hospitals in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain over a 20-year period are presented. Archived glass slides and @entity982 blocks from these @entity1 were retrieved from the pathology files for review. Special stains were performed whenever indicated. Biopsy material and clinical data from 25 @entity1 formed the basis of this study. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 were young females with a median age of 24 years. The nose was involved in all cases with frequent extension to other parts of the upper respiratory tract. The provisional clinical diagnoses included syphilis, midline @entity738 and @entity5 . The histological differential diagnoses included @entity1201 , @entity16207 and @entity1358 . CONCLUSION: @entity30558 is rare in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. Awareness of possible clinical presentations and early diagnosis will significantly reduce the morbidity caused by this disease.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathological study from the Gulf region.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity16207 :: ('MESH:D008287', 'Disease') :: ['malakoplakia']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity30558 :: ('MESH:D012226', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoscleroma', 'Rhinoscleroma']

answer: @entity30558 :: (MESH:D012226,Disease) :: ['Rhinoscleroma']


abstract: The present studies were undertaken to examine 1) whether @entity2254 administered to @entity35 well after @entity1188 of the vibrissal cortical barrel-field within the primary somatosensory cortex affected the rate and completeness of behavioral recovery and 2) whether a dose-response relation exists between @entity2254 dose and recovery of function. In a learning task requiring sensory-motor integration, 41 @entity35 were trained to perform a motor response in a T-maze consequent to the detection of a vibrissal deflection cue. Once training was complete, unilateral (n = 29) or sham (n = 12) @entity1188 was produced by a noninvasive photochemical technique. After @entity1188 , T-maze performance was assessed repeatedly in @entity35 receiving 2 (n = 10) or 4 (n = 10) mg/kg @entity2254 or saline (n = 9) 24 hours prior to testing on days 4, 6, 9, and 11. The sham-operated control @entity35 received @entity2254 (n = 7) or no injections (n = 5). All three infarcted groups displayed a reliable and sustained behavioral deficit in performance that was not present in the sham-operated control animals. Although the performance of each infarcted group improved over the testing sessions after the first injection, the @entity4944 -treated groups improved at a faster rate than the saline-injected group. The results further demonstrated a dose-response effect, with the 4 mg/kg @entity4944 group recovering to within preinfarction levels 6-8 days earlier than the 2 mg/kg @entity4944 and saline-injected groups. Moreover, both @entity4944 -treated groups recovered more completely than the saline-injected group. Quantification of the chronic @entity1188 area revealed no differences among the @entity4944 -treated and saline-injected groups. These data provide further evidence of the facilitatory effect of @entity2254 on recovery from @entity1545 and extend this effect to the enhancement of recovery subsequent to @entity1188 of the primary somatosensory cortex.

title: @entity4944 promotes recovery from sensory-motor integration deficit after XXXX of the primary somatosensory @entity35 cortex.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic infarction', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['thrombotic infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive cardiac care units (ICCUs) have shifted from the observation of @entity1 with @entity583 to the care of different acute @entity299 . However, few data on such an evolution are available. METHODS AND RESULTS: From 7 to 20 April 2008, 6986 consecutive @entity1 admitted to 81% of Italian ICCUs were prospectively enrolled. @entity1 observed were mainly elderly @entity1 (median age 72 years) with several co-morbidities. Most of them were triaged to ICCU from the emergency room, but 15% of admissions were transfer-in from other hospitals. Several diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were applied (78% had echocardiography and 35% coronary angiography) during the ICCU stay [median length 4 days, interquartile range (IQR) 2-5]. The discharge diagnosis was ST-elevation @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) in 21%, non-ST-elevation @entity1187 in 31%, @entity712 ( @entity712 ) in 14% and other acute non- @entity1187 , non- @entity712 @entity299 in 34%. Of those with ST-elevation @entity1187 , 60% received reperfusion (15% fibrinolysis and 45% primary percutaneous coronary intervention). The overall in-ICCU crude mortality was 3.3%. CONCLUSION: The BLITZ-3 survey provides a unique snapshot of current epidemiology and patterns of care of @entity1 admitted to ICCUs. Although @entity1187 still remains the most frequent admission diagnosis, the number of non- @entity1187 @entity1 is substantial. However, the correct standard of care for these non- @entity1187 @entity1 has to be defined.

title: Epidemiology and patterns of care of XXXX admitted to Italian Intensive Cardiac Care units: the BLITZ-3 registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['AHF', 'acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serial casting can cure mild @entity16391 . Its use in delaying surgery in older @entity1 and those with larger curves or syndromes is poorly defined. METHODS: A review of a single center's experience with casting was performed. @entity1 were included if they had a syndromic, neuromuscular, or @entity1635 or were older than 2.5 years with an @entity2112 measuring >50 degrees. RESULTS: A retrospective review was performed on 29 @entity1 meeting all inclusion criteria. Of these, 12 were idiopathic and 17 were nonidiopathic curves. Average age at first cast was 4.4    2.1 years, and 3.0    1.8 cast changes were performed over 1.4    1.1 years. @entity1 were transitioned to a brace and followed up for 5.5 years (range, 2.2 to 11.4 y). The main thoracic Cobb angle before casting was 68.8    12.3 degrees, which corrected to 39.1    16.4 degrees in a cast. Cobb angle after cast removal was 60.9    18.4 degrees, which increased to 76.3    24.0 degrees at final follow-up. T1-T12 height increased to 1.1    2.6 cm during the treatment period (P=0.05). There were 5 minor complications. Fifteen @entity1 (51.7%) required surgical treatment for their @entity1635 at most recent follow-up and an additional 7 @entity1 (24.1%) were delayed until a @entity1347 could be performed. Surgery was delayed 39    25 months from the first cast. Growing rods were required in 8 @entity1 (27.6%). The @entity1 who ultimately underwent surgical intervention (SG) were more likely to have a larger postcasting residual main thoracic Cobb angle than those who did not require surgery [NS; 69.5    14.6 degrees (SG) vs. 51.6    17.9 degrees (NS), P=0.007] and had a greater progression of their curves after cast removal [20.9    13.5 degrees (SG) vs. 9.4    11.0 degrees (NS), P=0.02]. CONCLUSIONS: Serial casting is a viable alternative to surgical growth sparing techniques in moderate-to-severe early-onset @entity1635 and may help delay eventual surgical intervention. Although a cure cannot be expected, an average of 39 months of delay was achieved in this @entity1 cohort and 72.4% have avoided growing spine surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

title: Serial casting as a delay tactic in the treatment of moderate-to-severe early-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['definitive anterior/posterior spinal fusion']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity16391 :: ('MESH:C580539', 'Disease') :: ['infantile idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 were selected for a prospective study according to two criteria: (i) an irresistible urge to overeat ( @entity1279 ), followed by self-induced @entity391 or purging; (ii) a morbid fear of becoming fat. The majority of the @entity1 had a previous history of true or @entity1278 . @entity391 and purging are secondary devices used by the @entity1 to counteract the effects of overeating and prevent a gain in weight. These devices are dangerous for they are habit-forming and lead to @entity972 loss and other physical complications. In common with true @entity1278 , the @entity1 were determined to keep their weight below a self-imposed threshold. Its level was set below the @entity1 's healthy weight, defined as the weight reached before the onset of the @entity1277 . In contrast with true @entity1278 , the @entity1 tended to be heavier, more active sexually, and more likely to menstruate regularly and remain fertile. @entity308 were often severe and distressing and led to a high risk of suicide. A theoretical model is described to emphasize the interdependence of the various symptoms and the role of self-perpetuating mechanisms in the maintenance of the disorder. The main aims of treatment are (i) to interrupt the vicious circle of overeating and self-induced @entity391 (or purging), (ii) to persuade the @entity1 to accept a higher weight. Prognosis appears less favourable than in uncomplicated @entity1278 .

title: XXXX : an ominous @entity1278 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['Self-induced vomiting', 'vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'cryptic anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1279 :: (MESH:D052018,Disease) :: ['Bulimia nervosa']


abstract: The present study was designed to examine the role of socioeconomic status (SES) of the mother's knowledge about different aspects of @entity6 and the glycemic control of type 1 @entity1 with @entity6 . Samples were taken from successive admissions to the outpatient @entity6 clinics in Prince Sultan Medical Military City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A well designed questionnaire covering different aspects including demographic data, educational background, and socioeconomic status of the care providers was used to collect information from mothers of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 . The questionnaire was designed on the basis of the Michigan @entity6 knowledge scale and also on the basis of food habits of Saudi Arabia and it was validated. The questionnaire was completed after interviewing the mothers during visits to the PSMMC hospital. Every mother was asked with those particular questions. Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). The socio-demographic data of mothers was recorded by self-report. It was found that, there was significant variation in the knowledge of @entity6 among mothers with different ages (P 0.05). No significant results were observed between family income and @entity6 knowledge (p>0.05).However, a positive relationship was observed with higher income and higher knowledge. There was a significant association between mothers knowledge of @entity6 and HbA1C level (r = -0.1739, p.<0.05) indicating that, higher knowledge ultimately leads to greater control of HbA1c level. A significant association was also observed between education and HbA1c level (r=-02538, p<0.05) with @entity1 of mothers with higher level of education showing a better control of glycated haemoglobin levels. However, no significant association was found between monthly family income and HbA1C level. In conclusion, the current study illustrated that, mothers with more knowledge of @entity6 and with better education were maintaining a better glycemic control of their @entity1 , irrespective of the socio-economic status. It was found that, to improve glycemic control and to decrease acute and chronic complications of @entity6 in @entity1 , mother's knowledge and education is needed.

title: XXXX 's glycemic control: mother's knowledge and socioeconomic status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T1DM', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Benign oesophageal strictures may occur as a complication of caustic ingestion or severe @entity354 or as a sequela of oesophageal surgery and other fibrosing conditions. The traditional initial treatment of oesophageal strictures is intraluminal dilation; however, even if frequent, this occasionally may not provide adequate oesophageal lumen capacity or give significant symptom-free intervals, and restricturing after dilation is difficult and challenging. Topical postdilation application of an antifibrotic agent, @entity1138 , in the treatment of an oesophageal stricture has been described. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eight centres participated, with a total of 16 @entity1 (4 @entity1 ), median age 48 (range 0-276) months. The causes of stricture were as follows: caustic (10), post- @entity825 -oesophageal fistula repair (2), peptic (2), @entity30 (1), and @entity4240 (1). The median (range) length and diameter of the strictures were as follows: 22 mm (8-50 mm) and 1.5 mm (1-6 mm). Of the 16 @entity1 , 15 had undergone repeated dilations varying from 3 to more than 1000 (daily self-bouginage) before @entity1138 , and the median interval between dilations was 4 weeks. @entity1138 0.1 mg/mL was applied after dilation for a median time of 3.5 minutes and a median of 3 (1-12) times. RESULTS: Major success, both endoscopic and clinical improvement or cure, occurred in 10 of 16 @entity1 . In 3 of 16 @entity1 the interval period between dilations increased dramatically. Failure of therapy was considered in 3 of 16. All of the @entity1 remained symptom free for a follow-up time of as long as 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Postdilation application of topical @entity1138 resulted in major success in 62.5% of @entity1 and partial success in 19%, and it may be a useful strategy in oesophageal strictures of differing causes that are refractory to repeated @entity384 .

title: Topical application of XXXX in oesophageal strictures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['perendoscopic dilation']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin-C', 'mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin-C']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite the advantages of modern instrumentation techniques, the treatment of severe @entity2003 could be very demanding. Traction can provide better, safer correction and minimize complications related to forceful intra-operative maneuvers; however, several side effects are associated with prolonged periods of traction. The aim of this work is to review the clinical and radiographic results of limited perioperative halo-gravity traction in severe rigid curves analyzing its efficacy, advantages and possible complications and comparing it to classic two staged corrections performed without traction. METHODS: A retrospective case control study including 47 adolescents with severe @entity2003 divided into two groups; a consecutive series of 21 @entity1 who had a three-staged correction by an anterior release, 2  weeks of halo-gravity traction then posterior instrumentation ( @entity17331 group); compared to an earlier series of 26 consecutive @entity1 treated without traction (SAP group). The average age was 18  years  +  1  month and 16  years  +  2  months, respectively. The average preoperative dorsal and lumbar curves for ( @entity17331 ) group were 106.5   and 87  , respectively, and for (SAP) group were 102   and 81  , respectively. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed up for an average of 6  years (range 3-8  years). A significantly better correction was achieved in ( @entity17331 ) group (average 59%) compared to (SAP) group (average 47%). At final follow-up, the loss of correction had an average of 8   for ( @entity17331 ) group and 11   for (SAP) group. A shorter hospital stay was found in (SAP) group; a shorter operative time was found in ( @entity17331 ) group and there was no significant difference in @entity190 , early or delayed complications. CONCLUSIONS: Limited halo-gravity traction is an efficient, safe modality in the treatment of severe @entity2003 . The application of gradual traction over a limited period of 2  weeks led to better correction, shorter operative time with no significant complications.

title: Three-staged correction of severe XXXX using limited halo-gravity traction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid adolescent scoliosis', 'rigid idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['rigid idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Bacterial genomes with two (or more) chromosome-like replicons are known, and these appear to be particularly frequent in alphaproteobacteria. The genome of the N(2)-fixing alfalfa symbiont @entity27781 contains a 3.7-Mb chromosome and 1.4-Mb (pSymA) and 1.7-Mb (pSymB) megaplasmids. In this study, the tRNA( @entity35531 ) and @entity35532 genes, located on the pSymB megaplasmid, are shown to be essential for growth. These genes could be deleted from pSymB when copies were previously integrated into the chromosome. However, in the closely related strain @entity27102 , the @entity35531 and @entity35532 genes are located on the chromosome, in a 69-kb region designated the @entity35532 - @entity35531 - @entity35533 region. This region includes bacA, a gene that is important for intracellular survival during host-bacterium interactions for @entity16258 and the related alphaproteobacterium @entity6469 . The @entity35532 -tRNA( @entity35531 )- @entity35533 region lies between the kdgK and dppF2 (NGR_c24410) genes on the @entity34923 chromosome. Synteny analysis showed that kdgK and dppF2 orthologues are adjacent to each other on the chromosomes of 15 sequenced strains of @entity16258 and @entity35534 , whereas the 69-kb @entity35532 -tRNA( @entity35531 )- @entity35533 region is present on the pSymB-equivalent megaplasmids. This and other evidence strongly suggests that the @entity35532 -tRNA( @entity35531 )- @entity35533 region translocated from the chromosome to the progenitor of pSymB in an ancestor common to @entity16258 and @entity35534 . To our knowledge, this work represents one of the first experimental demonstrations that essential genes are present on a megaplasmid.

title: The tRNAarg gene and XXXX are essential genes on the 1.7-Mb pSymB megaplasmid of @entity16258 and were translocated together from the chromosome in an ancestral strain.

entities_list: @entity35534 :: ('110321', 'Species') :: ['Sinorhizobium medicae', 'S. medicae']

entities_list: @entity6469 :: ('235', 'Species') :: ['Brucella abortus']

entities_list: @entity27102 :: ('394', 'Species') :: ['Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234']

entities_list: @entity27781 :: ('266834', 'Species') :: ['Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021']

answer: @entity35532 :: (7790029(Tax:394),Gene) :: ['engA']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) occur in virtually all sites of the body. As @entity5 arising in different organs share similar morphologic features, distinguishing metastatic from primary @entity5 on the basis of morphologic grounds alone is difficult. @entity5908 ( @entity5908 ) is a Hox-type transcription factor that is essential for both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic differentiation and maintenance of b-cell function. We investigated @entity5908 as an immunohistochemical (IHC) marker in primary pancreatic @entity5 . Eighty primary @entity5 [25 pancreatic, 29 bronchopulmonary, and 26 in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract] and 13 metastatic @entity5 in the liver were studied. Clinical and radiologic data were reviewed to confirm the stated primary sites. IHC analysis for @entity5908 , @entity6628 , @entity7457 ( @entity5822 ( @entity5822 ), and @entity2225 ( @entity2225 ) was performed, and the results were based on review blinded to the primary sites. @entity5908 was seen in 18 of 25 (72%) pancreatic @entity5 ; in contrast, only 3 of 29 (10%) bronchopulmonary @entity5 and 1 of 26 (4%) GI @entity5 were positive. @entity5908 was therefore 93% specific and 72% sensitive for pancreatic @entity5 . @entity7457 was expressed only in bronchopulmonary @entity5 ; all other @entity5 were negative for @entity7457 . @entity5822 was also very specific (92%) and moderately sensitive (66%) for bronchopulmonary @entity5 . @entity6628 was seen in 22 of 26 (85%) cases of GI @entity5 and in only 1 of 51 (2%) cases of extra-GI @entity5 . Thus, @entity6628 was 98% specific and 85% sensitive for GI @entity5 . In terms of metastatic @entity5 found in the liver, @entity5908 was positive in 5 of 5 cases of metastatic pancreatic @entity5 and 2 of 2 cases of metastatic duodenal @entity5 . @entity5908 is highly specific, with very good overall diagnostic accuracy for pancreatic @entity5 . An IHC panel including @entity5908 , @entity6628 , @entity7457 , @entity5822 , and @entity2225 may be useful in distinguishing @entity5 of pancreatic origin from other primaries.

title: @entity5908 , @entity6628 , XXXX , and @entity5822 : a reliable immunohistochemical panel for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

entities_list: @entity5908 :: ('3651', 'Gene') :: ['Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1', 'PDX-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroendocrine tumors', 'NETs']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['TTF-1', 'thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity7457 :: (7080,Gene) :: ['TTF-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity43 of low malignant potential (OSLMP) who have peritoneal implants, especially invasive implants, are at an increased risk of developing @entity5 recurrence. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the ability of peritoneal washing (PW) cytology to detect the presence and type of peritoneal implants has not been adequately investigated, and its prognostic significance is unknown. METHODS: Records and PW specimens of 101 @entity1 diagnosed with and treated for OSLMP between 1996 and 2010 at The University of Texas @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 ' staging biopsy findings were compared with the results of the authors' review of the PWs. Follow-up data were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 96 @entity1 for whom staging biopsy results were available, 26 (27%) had peritoneal implants (17 noninvasive and 9 invasive), 19 (20%) had @entity14708 , and 51 (53%) had negative findings. The PW specimens of 18 of the 26 @entity1 (69%) with peritoneal implants were positive for @entity5 , and a correlation was found between cytologic and histologic findings (P < .0001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 69%, 84%, 62%, and 88%, respectively. Four of 101 @entity1 had disease recurrence; 3 of these @entity1 had invasive implants and 1 @entity1 had noninvasive implants. None of the @entity1 who had negative staging biopsy findings or @entity14708 but did have PW specimens that were positive for @entity5 developed disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: PW cytology detects the presence of peritoneal implants with moderate accuracy. However, long-term studies are needed to determine whether positive PW cytologic findings are an independent predictor of @entity5 recurrence.

title: Peritoneal washing cytologic analysis of XXXX of low malignant potential to detect peritoneal implants and predict clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian serous tumors']

entities_list: @entity14708 :: ('MESH:C537064', 'Disease') :: ['endosalpingiosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'serous neoplasm', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian serous tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) are a frequent cause of @entity1353 and discomfort at the end of @entity5 @entity1 ' lives. The @entity456 ( @entity456 ) was approved by the FDA in 1997 and has been investigated as a treatment for @entity3483 . OBJECTIVE: To systematically review published data on the efficacy and safety of the @entity456 for treatment of @entity3483 . DESIGN: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases to identify studies published through October 2009 that reported outcomes in adult @entity1 with @entity3483 treated with a @entity456 . Data were aggregated using summary statistics when outcomes were described in the same way among multiple primary studies. MAIN MEASURES: Symptomatic improvement and complications associated with use of the @entity456 . KEY RESULTS: Nineteen studies with a total of 1,370 @entity1 met criteria for inclusion in the review. Only one randomized study directly compared the @entity456 with the current gold standard treatment, pleurodesis. All other studies were case series. Symptomatic improvement was reported in 628/657 @entity1 (95.6%). Quality of life measurements were infrequently reported. Spontaneous pleurodesis occurred in 430/943 @entity1 (45.6%). Serious complications were rare and included @entity3509 in 33/1168 @entity1 (2.8%), pneumothorax requiring a chest tube in 3/51 (5.9%), and unspecified pneumothorax in 17/439 (3.9%). Minor complications included @entity2688 in 32/935 (3.4%), obstruction/clogging in 33/895 (3.7%) and unspecified malfunction of the catheter in 11/121 (9.1%). The use of the @entity456 was without complication in 517/591 @entity1 (87.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on low-quality evidence in the form of case series, the @entity456 may improve symptoms for @entity1 with @entity3483 and does not appear to be associated with major complications. Prospective randomized studies comparing the @entity456 to pleurodesis are needed before the @entity456 can be definitively recommended as a first-line treatment of @entity3483 .

title: Efficacy and safety of tunneled pleural catheters in adults with XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusions', 'MPE']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['tunneled indwelling pleural catheter', 'TIPC']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anger is associated with the development of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and with poor treatment outcomes. The Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale-5 (DAR-5) has demonstrated preliminary evidence of unitary factor structure and sound psychometric properties. Gender-based differences in psychometric properties have not been explored. The current study examined gender-based factor structure invariance and differential item functioning of the DAR-5 and gender differences in @entity1005 symptoms as a function of anger severity using a community sample of adults who had been exposed to @entity130 . Data were collected from 512 @entity130 -exposed community-dwelling adults (47.9% @entity1 ). Confirmatory factor analyses, Mantel-Haenszel   (2) tests and a comparison of characteristic curves, and 2-way analyses of variance, respectively, were used to assess gender-based factor structure invariance, gender-based response patterns to DAR-5 items, and gender differences in @entity1005 symptoms as a function of anger. The unitary DAR-5 factor structure did not differ between @entity1 and @entity1 . Significant gender differences in the response pattern to the DAR-5 items were not present. @entity130 -exposed individuals with high anger reported greater overall @entity1005 symptoms (p < .001), regardless of gender. The DAR-5 can be used to assess anger in @entity130 -exposed individuals without concern of gender biases influencing factor structure or item functioning. Findings further suggested that the established relationship between anger and @entity1005 severity did not differ by gender.

title: @entity130 -Exposed Community-Dwelling XXXX and @entity1 Respond Similarly to the DAR-5 Anger Scale: Factor Structure Invariance and Differential Item Functioning.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: As hindrance of remineralisation process occurs during orthodontic therapy resulting in @entity8704 of enamel because number of plaque retention sites increases due to banding and bonding of appliances to teeth. AIM: The present analytic study was undertaken to assess the occurrence of @entity62 in permanent molars of @entity1 with and without orthodontic therapy and to evaluate the effect of Casein PhosphoPeptide-Amorphous @entity78 (CPP-ACP) on @entity62 in post-orthodontic @entity1 in a given period of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised of examination of 679 first permanent molars which were examined to assess the occurrence of smooth surface @entity62 in @entity1 of 8 to 16 years age group. Group I comprised subjects without any orthodontic treatment and Group II comprised of subjects who had undergone orthodontic therapy. The sample size was calculated using the epi-info6 computer package. Treatment group included 20 post-orthodontic @entity1 examined with at least one @entity62 within the enamel who received remineralizing cream (GC Tooth Mousse, Recaldent, GC Corporation.) i.e., CPP-ACP cream two times a day for 12 consecutive weeks. Computerized image analysis method was taken to evaluate @entity62 . These frequency and percentages were compared with chi-square test. For comparison of numeric data, paired t-test was used. RESULTS: Of the total 278 (49.6%) first permanent molars showed occurrence of smooth surface @entity62 out of 560 in Group I and 107 (89.9%) first permanent molars showed presence of @entity62 out of 119 debanded first permanent molars of @entity1 examined in Group II. CPP-ACP therapy group showed reduction in severity of codes which was found to be highly significant after 12 weeks and eight weeks on gingival-third, p-value (<0.001) and significant after eight weeks and four weeks on middle-third according to ICDAS II criteria and computerized image analysis. CONCLUSION: CPP-ACP therapy minimum for 12 weeks is highly recommended as post-orthodontic treatment need in management of smooth surface @entity62 on teeth undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy according to the present study.

title: Assessment of White Spot Lesions and In-Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of CPP-ACP on White Spot Lesions in Permanent Molars of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8704 :: ('MESH:D003649', 'Disease') :: ['decalcification']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white spot lesions', 'white spot lesion']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium Phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This work aimed at prospectively record all primary @entity1221 (PCNST) cases in France, for which histological diagnosis was available. The objectives were to (i) create a national database and network to perform epidemiological studies, (ii) implement clinical and basic research protocols, and (iii) harmonize the health care of @entity1 affected by PCNST. METHODS: The methodology is based on a multidisciplinary national network already established by the French @entity1313 DataBase (FBTDB) (Recensement national histologique des tumeurs primitives du syst  me nerveux central [RnhTPSNC]), and the active participation of the Scientific Societies involved in neuro-oncology in France. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2009, 43,929 cases of newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed PCNST have been recorded. Histological diagnoses included @entity11 (42,4%), all other @entity10053 (4,4%), @entity5 of the meninges (32,3%), @entity4847 (9,2%), @entity706 (3,4%) and others (8,3%). Cryopreservation was reported for 9603 PCNST specimens. @entity5 resections were performed in 78% cases, while biopsies accounted for 22%. Median age at diagnosis, sex, percentage of resections and number of cryopreserved @entity5 were detailed for each histology, according to the WHO classification. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Many current applications and perspectives for the FBTDB are illustrated in the discussion. To our knowledge, this work is the first database in Europe, dedicated to PCNST, including clinical, surgical and histological data (with also cryopreservation of the specimens), and which may have major epidemiological, clinical and research implications.

title: [French XXXX database: general results on 40,000 cases, main current applications and future prospects].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['neuroepithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['nerve sheath tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess bone healing and complication rate following @entity717 fixed with a 4.5/5.0 Locking Compression Plate (LCP, Synthes) for reduced femoral antetorsion with early full weight bearing. The effects of the osteotomy on the range of @entity717 due to reduced antetorsion were also recorded. Between July 2004 and October 2007, 25 @entity1 (39 hips) with a mean age of 13 years (range, 9-18 years) were treated for reduced internal rotation of the hip by a @entity717 . Four @entity1 (six hips) were excluded from this study due to concomitant surgeries prohibiting full weight bearing. Of the 21 @entity1 who were allowed full weight bearing, nine had a unilateral and twelve a single-stage bilateral correction. We investigated time to union, implant failure, and complication rate as well as improvement in the range of internal rotation. All osteotomies healed without secondary displacement or angulation. Internal rotation improved from a mean of 8.6 degrees (-5 degrees to 20 degrees) preoperatively to 37.3 degrees (25 degrees to 60 degrees) postoperatively. We noted no complication related with the femoral osteotomy. Subtrochanteric rotational osteotomy appeared as a reliable procedure to improve internal rotation of the hip. Fixation with 4.5/5.0 LCP allows simultaneous bilateral correction and immediate full weightbearing with crutches, with a minimal risk of implant failure.

title: Treatment of reduced femoral antetorsion by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['subtrochanteric rotational osteotomy', 'internal rotation of the hip and complaints']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['subtrochanteric rotational osteotomy']


abstract: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), the commonest form of @entity3986 , is caused by lack of dystrophin. One of the most promising therapeutic approaches is antisense-mediated elimination of frame-disrupting mutations by exon skipping. However, this approach faces two major hurdles: limited applicability of each individual target exon and uncertain function and stability of each resulting truncated dystrophin. Skipping of exons 45-55 at the mutation hotspot of the @entity1555 gene would address both issues. Theoretically it could rescue more than 60% of @entity1 with deletion mutations. Moreover, spontaneous deletions of this specific region are associated with asymptomatic or exceptionally mild phenotypes. However, such multiple exon skipping of exons 45-55 has proved technically challenging. We have therefore designed antisense oligo (AO) morpholino mixtures to minimize self- or heteroduplex formation. These were tested as conjugates with cell-penetrating moieties (vivo-morpholinos). We have tested the feasibility of skipping exons 45-55 in H2K-mdx52 myotubes and in mdx52 @entity19 , which lack exon 52. Encouragingly, with mixtures of 10 AOs, we demonstrated skipping of all 10 exons in vitro, in H2K-mdx52 myotubes and on intramuscular injection into mdx52 @entity19 . Moreover, in mdx52 @entity19 in vivo, systemic injections of 10 AOs induced extensive dystrophin expression at the subsarcolemma in skeletal muscles throughout the body, producing up to 15% of wild-type dystrophin protein levels, accompanied by improved muscle strength and histopathology without any detectable @entity137 . This is a unique successful demonstration of effective rescue by exon 45-55 skipping in a dystrophin-deficient animal model.

title: Bodywide skipping of exons 45-55 in dystrophic mdx52 XXXX by systemic antisense delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare shoulder function, @entity4542 and @entity281 after interlocking nailing with plating of @entity174 of shaft of humerus during 30 weeks of follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Orthopaedic Wards of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from November 2006 to November 2008. METHODOLOGY: Two groups of 30 @entity1 each were inducted. Group A (n=30) was treated with intramedullary interlocking nailing while Group B (n=30) underwent plating with dynamic compression plate ( @entity1298 ). Shoulder function using ASES score, @entity4542 and @entity281 were observed for 30 weeks. RESULTS: In group A, 11 @entity1 had severe or moderate @entity409 (ASES score below 39), out of whom 8 (72%) were above 50 years. This age related disability was significant (p=0.003). Transient @entity912 was observed in 3 @entity1 (10%) and mild @entity2737 in 2 (6%), which was not associated with age or open @entity174 . In group B, only 1 @entity1 had severe @entity409 , the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.001), especially in @entity1 above 50 years of age. There was no statistical difference in @entity281 and @entity912 rates between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although nailing and plating are effective treatments for @entity174 of shaft of humerus, ante-grade nailing may not be suitable in elderly @entity1 , as it can cause significant @entity409 .

title: Comparison of shoulder function, @entity4542 and @entity281 after nailing versus plating in humeral shaft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity12190 or acid alpha-glucosidase ( @entity12190 ) is a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes glycogen to @entity413 and is @entity13785 . Previously, we isolated a partial cDNA (1.9 kb) for @entity1 @entity12190 ; we have now used this cDNA to isolate and determine sequence in longer cDNAs from four additional independent cDNA libraries. Primer extension studies indicated that the mRNA extended approximately 200 bp 5' of the cDNA sequence obtained. Therefore, we isolated a genomic fragment containing 5' cDNA sequences that overlapped the previous cDNA sequence and extended an additional 24 bp to an initiation codon within a Kozak consensus sequence. The sequence of the genomic clone revealed an intron-exon junction 32 bp 5' to the ATG, indicating that the 5' leader sequence was interrupted by an intron. The remaining 186 bp of 5' untranslated sequence was identified approximately 3 kb upstream. The promoter region upstream from the start site of transcription was GC rich and contained areas of homology to Sp1 binding sites but no identifiable CAAT or TATA box. The combined data gave a @entity377 sequence of 2,856 bp for the coding region from the ATG to a stop codon, predicting a protein of 952 @entity1522 . The 3' untranslated region contained 555 bp with a polyadenylation signal at 3,385 bp followed by 16 bp prior to a poly(A) tail. This sequence of the @entity12190 coding region differs from that reported by Hoefsloot et al. (1988) in three areas that change a total of 42 @entity1522 . Direct determination of the @entity535 sequence in one of these areas confirmed the @entity377 sequence reported here but also disagreed with the directly determined @entity535 sequence reported by Hoefsloot et al. (1988). At two other areas, changes in base pairs predicted new restriction sites that were identified in cDNAs from several independent libraries. The @entity535 changes in all three ares increased the homology to @entity95 - @entity1 isomaltase. Therefore, we believe that our @entity377 sequence for @entity12190 is more precise. We have also identified single base-pair polymorphisms at 18 sites for @entity1 @entity12190 , some of which are not silent.

title: Sequence of the cDNA and 5'-flanking region for @entity1 acid alpha-glucosidase, detection of an intron in the 5' untranslated leader sequence, definition of 18-bp polymorphisms, and differences with previous cDNA and XXXX sequences.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in glycogen storage disease type II']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: AIM: Though @entity2754 ( @entity2754 ) has been overshadowed by current attention given to @entity323 , it is the most widespread form of male @entity250 . Delayed or @entity2754 , a known side effect of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), has made SSRIs potentially useful in the treatment of this disorder. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of @entity4480 , an SSRI, in the treatment of @entity2754 . METHOD: The study included 20 married @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2754 . The @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups, @entity4480 (group I) and placebo (group II), each consisting of 10 @entity1 . The effects on the ejaculatory function were estimated by the intravaginal ejaculation latency time. All @entity1 were evaluated by using clinical global impression-improvement Scale (CGI-I). RESULTS: The increase in the intravaginal ejaculation latency time in the @entity4480 group was statistically significant than that of placebo group. Of group I @entity1 , four (40%) were considered as "very much improved" and four (40%) "much improved" by CGI-I and only one of group II @entity1 (10%) showed "much improved". CONCLUSION: @entity4480 appears to be superior to placebo in the pharmacological treatment of @entity2754 when administered on a chronic basis.

title: The efficacy of @entity4480 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['inhibited ejaculation', 'premature ejaculation', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity2754 :: (MESH:D061686,Disease) :: ['premature ejaculation']


abstract: Tests for haemoglobinopathy carrier status are the commonest genetic screening tests undertaken internationally. Carrier screening for @entity23041 is not coordinated in Victoria, Australia, and is instead incorporated into routine practice where most @entity1 are screened antenatally, through a full blood examination (FBE). Little is known about how @entity1 are screened for @entity23041 in Australia as well as their attitudes towards the screening process. This study was conducted to explore carriers' and carrier couples' experiences of and attitudes towards @entity23041 screening in Australia. Semi-structured interviews with 26 recently pregnant female carriers and ten carrier couples of @entity23041 were carried out. Interviews were analysed using inductive content analysis. Unexpectedly, more than half of the @entity1 had been made aware of their carrier status prior to pregnancy, with FBEs carried out for numerous reasons other than thalassaemia screening. Most @entity1 did not recall being told about thalassaemia before notification of their carrier status and therefore did not make a decision about being screened. They were generally accepting for doctors to decide about testing; however, would have preferred to have been made aware of the screening test. @entity1 also reported receiving insufficient information after being notified of their carrier status, leading to misconceptions and @entity911 . This genetic screening process, incorporated into routine care whereby informed decisions were not being made by @entity1 , was apparently acceptable overall. Based on the results of this study, we make the following recommendations: (1) individuals should be made aware that they are being tested for thalassaemia at least before a specific thalassaemia diagnostic test is performed; (2) current understanding by known carriers of thalassaemia should be assessed and any misconceptions corrected; (3) written information should be provided to carriers; (4) referral of carrier couples to specialists in thalassaemia and genetics is strongly recommended; (5) the term 'carrier of @entity23041 ' should be used rather than 'thalassaemia minor'.

title: "He didn't say that thalassaemia might come up" - XXXX carriers' experiences and attitudes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity23041 :: ('MESH:C535600', 'Disease') :: ['b-thalassaemia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity23041 :: (MESH:C535600,Disease) :: ['b-thalassaemia']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Artemisia annua L. produces the antimalarial @entity28285 , @entity507 (AN), and was traditionally used by the Chinese to treat fever, which was often caused by @entity311 . AIM OF THE STUDY: To measure effects of plant-based and dietary components on release of @entity507 and @entity3088 from A. annua dried leaves (DLA) after simulated digestion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simulated digestion was performed on DLA in four types of capsules, or in conjunction with protein, and protein-based foods: dry milk, casein, bovine @entity2313 , peanuts, peanut butter, Plumpy'nut(  ), and A. annua essential oils. @entity507 and total @entity3088 were measured in the liquid phase of the intestinal stage of digestion. RESULTS: After simulated digestion, peanuts and Plumpy'nut(  ) lowered AN and @entity3088 , respectively, recovered from the liquid digestate fraction. None of the compositions of the tested capsules altered AN or @entity3096 release. Surprisingly, bovine @entity2313 (BSA) increased both AN and @entity3088 recovered from liquid simulated digestate fractions while casein had no effect. AN delivered as DLA was about 4 times more soluble in digestates than AN delivered as pure drug. Addition of a volume of essential oil equivalent to that found in a high essential oil producing A. annua cultivar also significantly increased AN solubility in simulated digestates. CONCLUSION: These results indicate encapsulating DLA may provide a way to mask the taste of A. annua without altering bioavailability. Similarly, many peanut-based products can be used to mask the flavor with appropriate dosing. Finally, the essential oil fraction of A. annua contributes to the increased AN solubility in DLA after simulated digestion. Our results suggest that use of DLA in the treatment of @entity311 and other @entity507 susceptible diseases should be further tested in animals and @entity1 .

title: Effect of leaf digestion and XXXX solubility for use in oral consumption of dried Artemisia annua leaves to treat @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity28285 :: ('CHEBI:37667', 'Chemical') :: ['sesquiterpene lactone']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinin', 'artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity507 :: (MESH:C031327,Chemical) :: ['artemisinin']


abstract: Prenatal stress impairs activity of the @entity774 in response to stress in adult offspring. So far, very few data are available on the effects of prenatal stress on circadian functioning of the @entity774 . Here, we studied the effects of prenatal stress on the circadian rhythm of @entity2819 secretion in male and female adult @entity35 . To evaluate the effects of prenatal stress on various regulatory components of @entity2819 secretion, we also assessed the diurnal fluctuation of @entity3317 , total and free @entity2819 levels, and hippocampal corticosteroid receptors. Finally, in the search of possible maternal factors, we studied the effects of repeated restraint stress on the pattern of @entity2819 secretion in pregnant female @entity35 . Results demonstrate that prenatal stress induced higher levels of total and free @entity2819 secretion at the end of the light period in both males and females, and @entity6392 over the entire diurnal cycle in females. No diurnal fluctuation of @entity3317 was observed in any group studied. The effects of prenatal stress on @entity2819 secretion could be mediated, at least in part, by a reduction in corticosteroid receptors at specific times of day. Results also show that prepartal stress alters the pattern of @entity2819 secretion in pregnant females. Those data indicate that prenatally stressed @entity35 exhibit an altered temporal functioning of the @entity774 , which, taken together with their abnormal response to stress, reinforces the idea of a general @entity409 in those animals.

title: Prenatal stress alters circadian activity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and hippocampal corticosteroid receptors in adult XXXX of both gender.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['homeostatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hypercorticism']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenocorticotropin']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity39 is a possible complication of acute @entity788 . It is characterized by diffuse inflammation associated with exudation or leakage of pancreatic juice with its proteolytic enzymes into the peripancreatic tissues. @entity1049 of acute @entity788 are uncommon events. The main purpose of our study was to correlate radiological findings of pancreatic @entity39 as observed during barium enema to CT patterns. A retrospective study was therefore carried out on 40 @entity1 affected with acute @entity788 with @entity149 . The analysis of the results allowed different patterns to be observed, with the two techniques, in the acute and in the chronic phases. In the acute phase, barium enema of the colon showed inflammatory extrinsic processes involving the wall, with a typical localization related to the spread of pancreatic enzymes along mesenteric pathways, as described by Meyers. CT allowed a thorough evaluation of both the pathologic process and its spatial balance. In the chronic phase, barium enema showed @entity850 and @entity292 . CT demonstrated @entity9007 and irregular focal areas of decreased attenuation or irregular pancreatic margins. This correlation shows how an extrinsic inflammatory involvement of the colon with a characteristic topography may help make a diagnosis and plan therapy.

title: [ XXXX . Correlations of traditional radiology of the colon and CT].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'Pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['local and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocystic masses']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic strictures']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic complications']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic necrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE. To investigate the effectiveness of a novel @entity15995 derivative, @entity26675 , in killing @entity995 in vitro and in vivo. METHODS. Dose-response curves were generated in which Y79 @entity995 cells tagged with luciferase (Y79-Luc) were treated with serial concentrations of @entity26675 . Electron microscopy was used to evaluate the ultrastructural morphology of @entity26675 -treated Y79 cells. To determine whether autophagy was induced in @entity26675 -treated Y79-Luc cells, staining with @entity8574 orange and LC-3 immunoblot analysis was performed. To evaluate the efficacy of @entity26675 in vivo, Y79-Luc @entity995 cells were injected into the vitreous cavity of newborn @entity35 , followed by periocular injections of @entity26675 (20 mg/kg/day) or an equivalent dosage of saline. RESULTS. @entity26675 appeared to destroy the @entity995 cells in vitro with an EC(50) of 9.1 micriM. @entity26675 -treated @entity995 cells displayed a lack of viable mitochondria and the presence of autophagosomes wrapped in the characteristic double membranes. @entity8574 orange staining of @entity26675 -treated @entity995 cells demonstrated the accumulation of vacuoles, and the immunoblots displayed a shift in molecular weight of LC-3, indicative of incorporation into autophagosome vesicles. In the @entity995 animal model, four doses of @entity26675 were delivered over 4 days, which was sufficient to see a significant decrease (P = 0.01) in viable intraocular @entity5 . Seven of the 25 @entity35 treated with @entity26675 had no detectable living @entity5 . No significant @entity5 was observed in control animals. CONCLUSIONS. @entity26675 appears to eliminate @entity995 cells by disrupting mitochondria and inducing autophagy. Local delivery of @entity26675 may be an effective therapy for some types of @entity5 .

title: Treating XXXX in tissue culture and in a @entity35 model with a novel @entity15995 derivative.

entities_list: @entity15995 :: ('MESH:C039109', 'Chemical') :: ['isoquinoline']

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine', 'Acridine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'decrease in viable tumor', 'ocular cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of the study was to examine the temporal associations between substance use and subclinical @entity716 symptoms. DESIGN: Data from a prospective community study sampled within a single cohort over 30 years (1978-2008) were analysed with discrete-time hazard models. SETTING: General population-based sample. @entity1 : At initial sampling in 1978 males (n = 292) were 19 and females (n = 299) were 20 years old. MEASUREMENTS: Two @entity716 syndromes @entity20546 ' and ' @entity161 nuclear symptoms' and various substance use variables including @entity835 , @entity167 , @entity286 and multiple-drug use (i.e. @entity835 combined with other drugs). FINDINGS: In bivariate analyses, schizotypal signs were predominantly associated with regular @entity835 use in adolescence (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.32-3.97). @entity161 nuclear symptoms were mainly related to @entity167 (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.00-3.38) and multiple-drug use (OR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.38-4.02) during adolescence. Multivariate analyses showed that, in particular, regular @entity835 use during adolescence was associated with the occurrence of subsequent schizotypal symptoms over a 30-year period (OR = 2.60, 95% CI; 1.59-4.23), whereas multiple-drug use in adolescence was associated predominantly with @entity161 nuclear symptoms (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.01-3.03). @entity167 misuse was only slightly associated with the onset of such symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: A significant portion of the occurrence of subclinical @entity716 symptoms in adulthood can be attributed to excessive @entity835 and multiple-drug use during adolescence. This is in line with the hypothesis that long-term sensitization of dopaminergic brain receptors plays a role in developing @entity716 .

title: Linking substance use with symptoms of subclinical XXXX in a community cohort over 30 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity20546 :: ('MESH:D012569', 'Disease') :: ["representing 'schizotypal signs"]

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent research shows that chemotherapy agents can be more toxic to healthy brain cells than to the @entity5 cells. They cause a range of side effects, including @entity2414 and @entity73 that can persist long after the completion of treatment. This condition is known as @entity75 . The molecular and cellular mechanisms of @entity75 remain obscure. Here, we analyzed the effects of two cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs- @entity786 (CPP) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) - on transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in the @entity19 prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal regions. We for the first time showed that CPP and @entity1139 treatments led to profound sex- and brain region-specific alterations in gene expression profiles. Gene expression changes were most prominent in the PFC tissues of female @entity19 3 weeks after @entity1139 treatment, and the gene expression response was much greater for MCC than CPP exposure. @entity1139 exposure resulted in oxidative DNA damage, evidenced by accumulation of @entity20821 ( @entity20821 ) and a decrease in the level of @entity20821 repair protein @entity35308 in the PFC of female animals 3 weeks after treatment. @entity1139 treatment decreased global DNA methylation and increased DNA hydroxymethylation in the PFC tissues of female @entity19 . The majority of the changes induced by chemotherapy in the PFC tissues of female @entity19 resembled those that occur during the brain's aging processes. Therefore, our study suggests a link between chemotherapy-induced @entity75 and @entity75 , and provides an important roadmap for future analysis.

title: Sex-specific effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents XXXX and @entity1138 on gene expression, oxidative DNA damage, and epigenetic alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus - an aging connection.

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ["8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine", '8-oxodG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['target cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['chemo brain', 'brain aging']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus @entity2857 for @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) have been explored by many studies, but the results were controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis of high-quality randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TACE plus @entity2857 versus TACE monotherapy in the early or intermediate stage @entity157 . METHODS: Multi-databases were systematically searched to identify all eligible literatures. The hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were pooled using a fixed or random effect model in STATA 12.0. RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials, including a total of 887  @entity1 with early or intermediate stage @entity157 , were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that TACE plus @entity2857 significantly improved @entity1054 (HR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.92; P=0.005). Nevertheless, the @entity1349 (HR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.72-1.29; P=0.828), ORR (RR=1.20, 95% CI: 0.88-1.64; P=0.257) and DCR (RR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.90-1.02; P=0.568) were not improved. The incidence of treatment-related AEs was higher in the TACE plus @entity2857 . CONCLUSIONS: Evidences from the meta-analysis of high-quality randomized controlled trials indicate that TACE plus @entity2857 can significantly improve @entity1054 but not @entity1349 , ORR and DCR in early or intermediate stage @entity157 . In addition, the combination therapy increases the adverse events which usually disturb the treatment progress and should be increased attention.

title: Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization plus XXXX for early or intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is not known whether @entity262 ( @entity262 ) is safe in @entity1 with advanced @entity1575 . The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of @entity262 on transplant-free survival in @entity1 with @entity1575 and MELD score >= 15. METHODS: All adult @entity1 who underwent @entity262 at our institution between 2004 and 2011 were identified (N  =  470). A total of 144 @entity1 had MELD >= 15 at the time of @entity262 . These @entity1 were matched 1:1 to @entity1 with @entity1575 who did not undergo @entity262 based on age and MELD score using the greedy algorithm. @entity1 were followed up until time of death or liver transplantation. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to test for differences in survival outcome between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 288 @entity1 with @entity1575 were included, of whom 144 underwent @entity262 and 144 did not. The two groups were matched based on age and MELD score and were comparable with regard to gender and ethnicity. Mean MELD and @entity1 -Pugh scores in the study population were 20.9      6.5 and 10.5      1.8, respectively. The most common indication for @entity262 was varices (49  %), followed by refractory ascites (42  %). In the first 2  months post- @entity262 , there was increased mortality or liver transplantation in @entity1 who had @entity262 compared to those who did not, but this did not reach statistical significance (p  =  0.07). However, after 2  months, @entity262 is associated with 56  % lower risk of dying or needing liver transplantation (p  <  0.01) than cirrhotic @entity1 who did not undergo @entity262 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1575 and MELD >= 15, @entity262 might improve transplant-free survival for @entity1 who live for at least 2  months after the procedure.

title: Transjugular Intrahepatic Porto-Systemic Shunt in XXXX with @entity1575 and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease >= 15.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract is an attractive concept. In this article we report on a procedure for electrical colonic pacing due to intramuscular electrode placement for @entity73 and some preliminary results. METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2012, all consecutive @entity1 affected by @entity1142 and evaluated in our Pelvic Floor Center were prospectively assessed. @entity1 who underwent colonic electrical stimulation were evaluated for the present study. RESULTS: In the study period, 256 @entity1 were evaluated for @entity1142 ; 58% were identified as having @entity3885 , 27.3% with @entity1744 or mixed forms, 4% with @entity3087 , and 10.5% (27 @entity1 ) as having @entity73 . After failure of all the maximal conventional therapies, two @entity1 , candidates for colectomy, agreed to undergo colonic electrical stimulation before a resective treatment. Both @entity1 were females, aged 34 and 29 years, and were suffering from severe @entity1142 since childhood. The follow-up was 19 and 6 months. The number of bowel movements per week increased from 0.3 to 3.5 in the first @entity1 and from 0.5 to 2.5 in the second @entity1 . Both @entity1 no longer needed laxatives, enemas, or any other treatment. The hospital stay was 4 days, the mean operative time was 120 min, and no complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic pacing seems to be feasible and shows positive results. Further studies are required with a larger number of @entity1 and a longer follow-up period to confirm the role of this promising treatment for @entity73 .

title: Colonic electrical stimulation for the treatment of XXXX : a preliminary pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow-transit constipation']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructed defecation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['slow-transit constipation']


abstract: @entity4986 is a Gram-negative bacterium that has a complex life cycle including a temporal sequence of cellular aggregation, mound formation, and myxosporulation. During development, protein S (molecuar weight 23,000) is induced and accumulates in very large amounts. Protein S was found in the soluble fraction of early developmental extracts and in the insoluble fraction in later extracts. This insoluble form of protein S can be solubilized by the addition of 1 M @entity1219 at 0 degrees C to extracts from aggregated cells (mound stage) or by the addition of 1 M @entity1219 at 30 degrees C to mature spores. Salt extraction (1 M @entity1219 ) of protein S from mature spores was partially inhibited by the addition of @entity1025 and almost completely inhibited by the addition of @entity141 . The viability of spores was not changed by a salt extraction that removed their protein S. Examination of thin sections of mature spores and extracted spores by electron microscopy suggested that the protein S-deficient spores lacked a spore surface coat about 300 A thick. Purified protein S will spontaneously self-assemble onto protein S-deficient spores after removal of the @entity1219 by dialysis or by addition of 10 mM @entity141 to undialyzed samples. @entity653 -induced spores did not contain protein S and did not serve as primers for assembly of protein S. Quantitation of the self-assembly process showed almost stoichiometric binding of protein S to the protein S-deficient spores until saturation at 3.3 x 10(6) molecules per spore, a value 1.35 times higher than the normal level of proteins S found in mature spores. Protein S in the "reconstituted" spores was as protease resistant and sonication resistant as the protein S of native spores. Electron microscopy of the reconstituted spores revealed the assembly of new material on the spore surface. Adjacent spores were sometimes observed to be fused to each other through a common protein S layer. These results suggest that protein S serves a function in spore-spore interaction in the fruiting body.

title: Biosynthesis and self-assembly of protein S, a development-specific protein of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerol']

entities_list: @entity4986 :: ('34', 'Species') :: ['Myxococcus xanthus']

answer: @entity4986 :: (34,Species) :: ['Myxococcus xanthus']


abstract: Controlled substance abuse has increased at an alarming rate. However, available evidence suggests a wide variance in the use of controlled substances, as documented by different medical specialties, medical boards, advocacy groups, and the Drug Enforcement Administration. The primary objective of controlled substance guidelines by American Society of Interventional @entity158 Physicians (ASIPP) is to provide guidance for the use of controlled substances for the treatment of @entity1118 . It is anticipated that these practical guidelines will improve quality of care, @entity1 access, and quality of life. Additional benefits include improved treatment efficiency and efficacy, and cost containment by improving the risk-benefit ratio of treating @entity1 with @entity1118 . Further goals of this manuscript are to bring consistency in opioid philosophy among the many diverse groups involved, to improve the treatment of @entity1118 @entity1 with medically appropriate controlled substances, and to reduce the incidence of drug diversion. These guidelines also reinforce the need for systematic evaluation and ongoing care of @entity1 with chronic or persistent @entity158 . ASIPP controlled substance guidelines also provide a discussion of the epidemiology of @entity1118 , the role of controlled substances in treating @entity1118 , various aspects of drug abuse, pharmacological considerations, clinical effectiveness of controlled substances, options for treatment monitoring and drug testing and a review of terminology used in addiction medicine. These guidelines do not constitute inflexible treatment recommendations. It is expected that a provider will establish a plan of care on a case-by-case basis, taking into account an individual @entity1 's medical condition, personal needs, and preferences, and the physician's experience. Based on an individual @entity1 's needs, controlled substance prescribing and treatment different from that outlined here may be warranted. These guidelines do not represent "standard of care."

title: Guidelines for the use of controlled substances in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial @entity9714 is the most common cause of @entity2383 in childhood. Identification of the molecular basis is difficult given the clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Most @entity1 lack a molecular definition in routine diagnostics. METHODS: A large-scale mutation screen of 75 candidate genes in 152 @entity1 with @entity9714 was performed by high-resolution melting curve analysis and Sanger sequencing. The causal role of a new disease allele was confirmed by functional complementation assays. The clinical phenotype of @entity1 carrying mutations was documented using a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS: Causative mutations were detected in 16 genes, 15 of which had previously been associated with @entity9714 : three mitochondrial DNA genes encoding complex I subunits, two mitochondrial tRNA genes and nuclear DNA genes encoding six complex I subunits and four assembly factors. For the first time, a causal mutation is described in @entity28032 , coding for a complex I subunit, resulting in reduction in @entity28032 protein and both amount and activity of complex I. These features were rescued by expression of wild-type @entity28032 in @entity1 -derived fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Mutant @entity28032 is a new cause of @entity9714 . A molecular diagnosis related to @entity9714 was established in 18% of @entity1 . However, most @entity1 are likely to carry mutations in genes so far not associated with complex I function. The authors conclude that the high degree of genetic heterogeneity in @entity74 warrants the implementation of unbiased genome-wide strategies for the complete molecular dissection of mitochondrial @entity9714 .

title: Mutation screening of 75 candidate genes in 152 XXXX cases identifies pathogenic variants in 16 genes including @entity28032 .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex I disorders']

entities_list: @entity9714 :: ('MESH:C537475', 'Disease') :: ['complex I deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease']

answer: @entity9714 :: (MESH:C537475,Disease) :: ['complex I deficiency']


abstract: Sex reversed @entity19 heterozygous for testicular feminization are genetic females which are converted to males by the autosomal Sxr ("sex reversed") mutation, thus imitating the Y-chromosome. They carry on one of their X-chromosomes the mutation for testicular feminization. Then, X-inactivation leads to the formation of a mosaic of @entity342 insensitive XTfm and @entity342 sensitive X+ cells. In the epididymis the Tfm cells are maintained into adulthood as undifferentiated flat cells. There are however, always less Tfm cells than expected from random X-inactivation. Therefore, in the present study the role of cell death in the modification of the original mosaic is investigated before and after castration. It is shown that survival or elimination of Tfm cells depends on the structure of the smooth muscle layers around the epididymal duct. In addition to elimination of whole Tfm sections, a steady loss of single cells, not only in the Tfm but also in the wild-type fraction occurs. In the connective tissue distinct @entity39 areas are present. After castration massive @entity39 appear in both cell types. In Tfm sections disintegration of the wall layers again leads to elimination of Tfm cells and to protrusion of epithelial cells in the interstitium which later on may be organized as abnormal sprouts and ducts. The observations indicate that the @entity251 dependent trophic principle is based on short-range intercellular interactions and presumably arises in the connective tissue component of the epididymis.

title: Cell death in the mosaic epididymis of sex reversed XXXX , heterozygous for testicular feminization.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necroses']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Enteroaggregative @entity526 coli (EAggEC) have been associated with persistent @entity294 in young @entity1 , but little is known about its pathogenesis. We assayed for enterotoxic activity in culture filtrates (CF) of EAggEC strains in Ussing chambers mounted with @entity95 ileal mucosa. CF from strain 17-2, a prototype Chilean EAggEC strain, caused a greater rise in potential difference and short circuit current (SCC) than that seen in HB101 control, and this effect was abolished by protease pretreatment and partially stable after heat treatment. Ultrafiltration of 17-2 CF preparations localized the active moiety to the 2-5 kD Mr size range. CF from HB101 transformed with the 17-2 plasmid showed Ussing chamber activity. less than 10-kD CF fractions from five of six other EAggEC strains screened in Ussing chambers gave SCC responses of similar magnitude to 17-2. The 17-2 CF activity was not neutralized after pretreatment with polyclonal anti- @entity32652 antibody. Additionally, all of the seven EAggEC strains studied were nonreactive by heat-stable enterotoxin variant @entity32652 ELISA, were negative in the suckling @entity19 assay, and failed to hybridize with heat-stable enterotoxin variant STh and @entity32653 DNA probes. In summary, our data indicate that 17-2 produces a low molecular weight, partially heat-stable, protease-sensitive enterotoxin which appears to be plasmid associated, and genetically and immunologically distinct from @entity526 @entity32652 . Preliminary screening suggests that this tox+ phenotype may be common among EAggEC.

title: Enteroaggregative @entity526 coli elaborate a heat-stable enterotoxin demonstrable in an in vitro XXXX intestinal model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Ninety five samples of various Egyptian feedstuffs were investigated for the @entity4078 , B2, G1, and G2 means thin layer chromatography (TLC). Out of these samples 44.2% were positive ( @entity2829 , @entity579 crack, @entity579 germ, @entity579 germ cake, @entity579 bran, @entity3505 bran, @entity2708 seed, @entity2708 seed cake, peanut, and mixed feed for broilers, egg production, @entity291 fattening and milk production). High percentage (90.5%) of the positive samples were contaminated with less than 100 ppb total aflatoxins. Peanut from "Ismailia" showed the highest contamination-mean of 400 ppb @entity4078 . The contamination relationship between kernels and shell of the same pods of the peanut was 1:7. The lowest contamination-mean was 5 ppb B1 in soya bean samples. All samples of @entity1641 bean and fish meal were negative. @entity4078 was present alone so frequently (in 76.2% of the positive samples). The relationship between the concentrations of aflatoxins B2:G1:B1 was 1:2.3:22.4. 51 different samples of foods and feeds from various Egyptian regions were collected and investigated for the nephrotoxic mycotoxin @entity26244 means TLC. Twelve samples (23.5%) from them were designated as positive samples. The positive samples belonged to white @entity2829 , @entity3505 , @entity3505 bran, beans, @entity579 germ, @entity579 germ cake, broilers feed, egg production feed, and milk production feed; whereas the yellow @entity2829 (hybrid), soya beans, @entity3505 soya meal, @entity579 crack, @entity2708 seed, @entity2708 seed cake, and fish meal samples were negative. The contamination range was from 4 ppb to 577 ppb with an average of 58.2 +/- 22.9 ppb. Half of the positive samples was contaminated with 10-100 ppb whereas 41.7% from the positive samples had less than 10 ppb and 8.3% only had more than 100 ppb. Citrinin is existing in Egyptian food and feedstuffs. Out of 52 different samples--from various Egyptian regions-15.4% were positive. These were @entity579 bran, @entity579 germ, @entity2829 (white), @entity3505 bran, @entity2708 seed cake and fish meal. The highest contamination was in fish meal (40-70 ppb) whereas the lowest was in @entity3505 bran (3 ppb). Mean of the contamination level was 25.9 +/- 3.4 ppb with a range of 3-70 ppb. For the first time in the Egyptian foods and feeds will be informed about the presence of the mycotoxin @entity12071 with a high concentration. From several Egyptian places, 64 samples were collected (4 samples for each food or feed stuff).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Occurrence of some mycotoxins (aflatoxin, XXXX , citrinin, @entity12071 and vomitoxin) in various Egyptian feeds.

entities_list: @entity26244 :: ('MESH:C025589', 'Chemical') :: ['ochratoxin A']

entities_list: @entity12071 :: ('MESH:D015025', 'Chemical') :: ['zearalenone']

entities_list: @entity4078 :: ('MESH:D016604', 'Chemical') :: ['Aflatoxin B1', 'aflatoxin B1']

answer: @entity26244 :: (MESH:C025589,Chemical) :: ['ochratoxin A']


abstract: Angiopoietins (Angs) are endothelium-selective ligands that exert most of their actions through the @entity1886 receptor. It is widely accepted that @entity2326 promotes the structural integrity of blood vessels and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast, the role of @entity2327 remains less clear because it has been shown to behave as a @entity1886 agonist or antagonist under different experimental conditions. To define the role of @entity2327 in acute @entity32 , we studied the effects of recombinant @entity2327 administration in vivo. We show herein that @entity2327 , but not @entity2326 , induces @entity4 formation in the @entity19 paw in a dose-dependent manner; the @entity4 seems to be fast-peaking (maximum at 30 min) and resolves within 4 h. The effect of @entity2327 is blocked by the coadministration with a soluble form of the @entity1886 receptor or @entity2326 . NO and @entity1421 levels in @entity19 paw following the injection of @entity2327 remained unaltered, suggesting that the action of @entity2327 does not involve these mediators. In addition, @entity2327 exerted a weak stimulatory effect on leukocyte migration in the @entity19 paw. Similarly, @entity2327 injected into the @entity19 air pouch produced only a modest effect on cell extravasation that peaked at 30 min. However, when cell migration was elicited using zymosan, @entity2327 significantly inhibited leukocyte migration. We conclude that @entity2327 by itself stimulates the extravasation of cell-poor fluid, but in the presence of ongoing @entity32 it reduces cellular infiltration in tissues.

title: Angiopoietin-2 causes XXXX in vivo by promoting vascular leakage.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(2)']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ) frequently have @entity27 ( @entity27 ). We aimed to determine if the prevalence and severity of @entity27 is greater in @entity1 with @entity5576 than would be expected, given their other risk factors for @entity27 . We included 24 @entity1 (20 @entity1 , four @entity1 ) with newly-diagnosed @entity5576 who had undergone overnight polysomnography. We calculated the expected @entity27 index (AHI) for each @entity1 , based on their age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and menopausal status, using a model derived from 1,741 randomly-sampled members of the general population who had undergone overnight polysomnography. We compared the AHI values obtained from polysomnography with those predicted by the model using a paired t test. Our study had 80 % power to detect a 10-unit change in mean AHI at a = 0.05. Eight @entity1 (33.3 %; six @entity1 , two @entity1 ) had @entity27 by polysomnography. AHIs from polysomnography were not significantly different from those predicted by the model (mean difference 3.5, 95 % CI: -3.0-9.9, p = 0.28). We conclude that the prevalence and severity of @entity27 in @entity5576 @entity1 is no greater than would be expected for their age, sex, race, BMI, and menopausal status. It remains unclear whether the presence or treatment of @entity27 influences the clinical course of @entity5576 .

title: XXXX in @entity5576 : comparison with matched population data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'coexisting obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: It is known that physical activity triggers changes in the central nervous system. Adult @entity35 , trained on treadmills for 4 weeks, and a group of sedentary @entity35 was submitted to contuse moderate @entity1566 . A group of sedentary @entity35 was submitted to a sham operation. The trained group continued running on treadmill after lesion for 4 weeks. Motor behavior evaluated by BBB score was smaller in the sedentary group compared to the trained @entity35 by 7 days after lesion. Computerized activity monitor showed clear-cut differences in spontaneous motor parameters in trained @entity35 only before lesion. After surgery, sedentary @entity35 showed changes in motor parameters but not in later periods of analysis. Animals were euthanized by 28 days after surgery, and their spinal cords were processed for Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry. The number of the remaining neurons and the lesion areal and lesion volume fractions were obtained by stereological method. The number of the remaining neurons did not change after training. Lesion volume and lesion areal fraction per section were smaller in the trained group. Lesion index was more pronounced in the sedentary group. Microdensitometric image analysis demonstrated a microglial reaction, astroglial activation, and glial @entity664 production more pronounced in the spinal cord of sedentary animals. @entity9270 was higher in caudal levels of contusion in the sedentary group. In conclusion, treadmill running may favor a better functional recovery in the acute period after @entity602 and wound repair processes leading to neuroprotection.

title: Treadmill running protects XXXX from secondary degeneration.

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord contusion']


abstract: AIMS: Since April 1979, 471 kidneys were retrieved from donors after @entity204 (DCD) using an in situ regional cooling technique, with excellent renal function and good long-term graft survival. However, the precise cascade of events following transplantation of DCD kidneys and the influence of @entity63 -reperfusion injury remain unclear. In this study, we performed gene expression profiling using 1-hour biopsy samples from DCD kidneys versus those from living sources. METHODS: All kidney grafts were procured at our center using an in situ regional cooling technique from DCD. Living donor kidneys (LD) were harvested by open nephrectomy. All graft biopsies were performed 1 hour after reperfusion (DCD n = 8, LD n = 9). We analyzed the expression profile of 20,173 genes. RESULTS: One hundred seventy eight genes were up-regulated (>2-fold difference and DCD/LD > 1.5) and 120 down-regulated (<1/2-fold and LD/DCD > 1.5) in DCD kidneys. Expression of @entity1096 (22.5 +/- 2.6-fold DCD vs 7.7 +/- 1.7 LD; P < .001), chemokines (CCL4 4.4 +/- 0.7 vs 2.5 +/- 0.3; P < .01), (CCL2 6.0 +/- 1.3 vs 2.8 +/- 0.5), @entity2851 (9.5 +/- 0.4 vs 2.0 +/- 0.2), and @entity10149 (16.7 +/- 5.3 vs 4.8 +/- 1.3; P < .05), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1 4.7 +/- 0.7 vs 2.5 +/- 0.4; P < .05), and @entity1457 proteins (HSPA1L 6.7 +/- 0.7 vs 1.6 +/- 0.3, @entity1878 17.7 +/- 2.6 vs 2.4 +/- 0.5, @entity18350 13.3 +/- 0.2 vs 3.0 +/- 0.7, @entity1477 6.7 +/- 0.8 vs 3.2 +/- 0.3, @entity2284 2.9 +/- 0.2 vs 1.0 +/- 0.1, and @entity32640 19.4 +/- 3.0 vs 5.9 +/- 1.1; P < .001) were up-regulated in the kidneys from DCD. CONCLUSION: This report analyzed global gene expression using 1-hour biopsy samples from DCD kidneys. These results may provide new insight into the identification of novel target genes for the development of therapeutic approaches and for determining graft viability of kidneys from DCD.

title: Up-regulation of XXXX , chemokines, adhesion molecule, and @entity1457 proteins in 1-hour biopsy from @entity204 donor kidneys.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1096 :: (6696,Gene) :: ['osteopontin']


abstract: The synthetic @entity172 , @entity23588 ( @entity7869 ), is the active component in oral contraceptive pills. It is excreted from the @entity1 body in high amounts and released via sewage treatment plant effluent into aquatic environments. In fish, @entity172 receptors have strong binding affinities for EE(2), and exposure raises the possibility of adverse neuroendocrine responses in aquatic animals. In the present study we explored the effects of dissolved-phase EE(2) on the dynamics of @entity3930 and @entity146 in adult @entity3392 . Further, we assessed whether the behavioral effects of EE(2) result in changes in male offspring paternity. We scored the aggressive behaviors of individual unexposed males and categorized these fish as either dominant or subordinate. We then exposed dominant males to EE(2) at doses of 0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0ng/L for 48h. Subsequent trials examined the agonistic behaviors of males in two testing scenarios: (1) a dyadic encounter with another male alone, and (2) a competitive spawning interaction with another male and three adult females. Competitive spawning tests were also used to assess the impacts of EE(2) exposure on @entity146 and paternity using males that were homozygous for green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression under the control of the @entity31984 promoter. We found that EE(2) at all exposure concentrations reduced male aggression during male-male dyadic encounters and caused a social dominance reversal in 50% of the fish at the highest exposure dose (50ng/L EE(2)). The frequency of courtship-specific behavior decreased in dominant males exposed to the @entity134 , though this effect was only significant for the lowest dose group (0.5ng/L EE(2)). In the highest exposure group (50ng/L EE(2)), 50% of dominant males relinquished paternal dominance. Our results show that short-term exposure to @entity7869 at environmentally relevant levels can alter aggression, and shift individual social status and reproductive success in male @entity3392 .

title: Effects of the synthetic @entity172 , @entity23588 , on aggression and @entity146 in male @entity3392 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity23588 :: ('CHEBI:4903', 'Chemical') :: ['17alpha-ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male-male aggression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['courtship behavior', 'courtship behaviors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Danio rerio']


abstract: PURPOSE: Plasmacytoid @entity189 is a rare variant histology with poorly defined clinical behavior. We report clinical outcome information on @entity1 with predominant plasmacytoid @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed treatments and outcomes in @entity1 with predominant plasmacytoid @entity189 seen at our institution from 1990 through 2010. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall and progression-free survival. RESULTS: We identified 31 @entity1 with a median age of 63.5 years, of whom 83.3% were male. TNM stage was cT1N0 in 4 @entity1 , cT2N0 in 7, cT3b-4aN0 in 5 and cT4b, N+ or M+ in 15. Median overall survival was 17.7 months (stage I-III vs IV 45.8 vs 13.3). Five of the 16 @entity1 with potentially surgically resectable plasmacytoid @entity189 (pT4aN0M0 or less) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 10 underwent initial surgery and 1 was treated only with transurethral resection of @entity150 . Despite pathological down staging in 80% of the @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, relapses were common. There was no survival difference between @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or initial surgery, although 7 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical up staging with positive margins was also common for surgery alone. The most common site of recurrence was in the peritoneum (19 of 23 @entity1 ) with relapses even in those with a pathological complete response at surgery. In @entity1 who presented with @entity3 and were treated with chemotherapy median survival was 12.6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Plasmacytoid @entity189 is an aggressive subset with overall poor outcomes. Although down staging is seen with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there are few long-term survivors. There is a strong predilection for recurrence along the peritoneal lining.

title: Plasmacytoid @entity189 , a chemosensitive cancer with poor prognosis, and peritoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomatosis']