abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The compatibility of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) and Carthami Flos (Honghua), a famous herb pair Gui-Hong, can produce synergistic and complementary hematinic effects. Our previous studies have indicated that Gui-Hong has therapeutic potential treatment in @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ). The present study aimed to investigate the hematinic effects of Danggui, Honghua and Gui-Hong on @entity2150 @entity35 induced by acetyl phenylhydrazine (APH) and cyclophosphamide (CP) and to explore the underlying hematinic regulation mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 were divided into 5 groups, and drugs were administered by oral gavage one time each day for continuous 7 days from the experiment began. Urine and plasma were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/ @entity15 ). Partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Danggui, Honghua and Gui-Hong. Pearson correlation matrix analysis method was used to discover the correlations between potential biomarkers and biochemical indicators of @entity2150 @entity35 . RESULTS: Seven potential biomarkers contribute to the separation of model group and control group were tentatively identified. The levels of l-kynurenine, phenylalanine, nicotinic acid and sphingosine increased significantly (P<0.05) in @entity2150 @entity35 , while the levels of l-isoleucine, l-tyrosine and serotonin decreased significantly (P<0.05) in comparison with control @entity35 . Those endogenous metabolites were chiefly involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism and tyrosine metabolism. The metabolic deviations could be regulated closer to normal level after Danggui, Honghua and Gui-Hong intervention. In term of hematinic effects, Gui-Hong was the most effective as shown by the relative distance in PLS-DA score plots and relative intensity of potential biomarkers. The result reflected the synergic action between Danggui and Honghua. The above results were found to be reasonable in explaining the hematinic effects mechanism of Gui-Hong. CONCLUSIONS: The results of routine blood, urinary metabolic pattern and plasma metabolic pattern show the Danggui, Honghua and Gui-Hong groups are moving toward the control group and the @entity2150 was being prevented and alleviated. The effect of Gui-Hong group is more remarkable than Danggui and Honghua groups. Some potential biomarkers like l-kynurenine, phenylalanine, l-isoleucine, l-tyrosine, serotonin, nicotinic acid and sphingosine have been found and identified. The work shows that the metabonomics method is a promising tool in the efficacy and mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicines.

title: Urine and plasma metabonomics coupled with UHPLC-QTOF/ XXXX and multivariate data analysis on potential biomarkers in anemia and hematinic effects of herb pair Gui-Hong.

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic and aplastic anemia', 'HAA']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: @entity42424 represents a heterogeneous group of persistent clonal and usually epitheliotropic T-cell infiltrates with a seemingly low risk for progression to @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ). @entity3558 -poor folliculotropic T-cell lymphocytosis is the least well characterized with only a few anecdotal case reports. Cases of folliculotropic lymphocytosis were retrieved via a natural language search from 2 dermatopathology databases. Comprehensive light microscopic, phenotypic, and molecular studies were conducted. There were 12 females and 12 males, with mean age of 41 years. There were 2 main clinical presentations: facial erythematous infiltrative papules and/or nodules vs extremity and truncal solitary, large, scaly plaques. The mean duration of the lesions was 3 years. Progression to follicular @entity4888 was noted in 1 case. Migration of small lymphocytes into the superficial portions of the hair follicle unaccompanied by other inflammatory cells or @entity3558 was observed; lymphocytes with a cerebriform appearance could be seen. The @entity404 / @entity405 ratio was more than 5:1 with significant reductions in the expression of @entity1196 and @entity4587 . Of 20 cases tested, 5 showed monoclonality. @entity784 is a form of @entity784 distinct from @entity4888 and @entity1665 mucinosa; the course seems indolent in most cases.

title: @entity784 as a distinct form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['Folliculotropic T-cell lymphocytosis', 'pilotropic T-cell dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity42424 :: ('MESH:D016410', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous T-cell dyscrasia']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['pilotropic T-cell dyscrasia']


abstract: Lewis lung (3LL) @entity298 elicits a complex host response in the peritoneal compartment. The response was delayed, showing few inflammatory cells through day 6 after lethal challenge with 3LL cells. Responses began in about half the @entity19 on day 7 and had appeared in all @entity19 by day 11. On day 7, some @entity19 still showed no detectable 3LL growth in the pertioneal lavage fluid, and no differences in the peritoneal cell populations as compared with the control group. Other @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , however, had evidence of 3LL cells and @entity548 @entity843 in the peritoneal compartment, with increased numbers of peritoneal macrophages (PM) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). By day 11, all @entity5 -bearing @entity19 had 3LL growth and @entity548 @entity843 . On days 7-11, there was a major influx of macrophages with a later influx of PMN between days 11 and 14. Two distinct PM populations were detected on day 7 in @entity19 that showed detectable 3LL @entity298 : resident PM, which did not express the @entity9675 , and recruited PM, which were @entity9675 +. At least some resident PM remained in the peritoneal compartment through day 14. Analysis of the kinetics of the cytotoxic capabilities of PM from @entity5 -bearing @entity19 showed that by day 7 macrophages were able to kill the B16 @entity320 target, but not the 3LL target. The PM, however, were able to be activated further to kill the 3LL target by treatment in vitro with lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma. No inhibition of PM tumoricidal activity could detected in the peritoneal wash of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . A lack of activation of PM from 3LL @entity5 -bearing @entity19 may be involved in progression of @entity298 .

title: Role of macrophages in the host response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma tumor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Lewis lung peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term efficacy of endoscopic treatment in @entity788 is controversial. This study evaluated the long-term results of dorsal duct stent insertion and endoscopic @entity1829 in @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity656 or @entity1118 . METHODS: Pancreas divisum was diagnosed in 175 @entity1 between 1980 and 1998. Twenty-four @entity1 seen with recurrent @entity656 without underlying chronic calcifying @entity788 or significant alcohol consumption were included in this study with a follow-up of at least 24 months. Eight were treated by @entity1829 alone, and 16 underwent dorsal duct stent insertion for a median duration of 8 months. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up after endoscopic management was 39 months (range 24-105; interquartile range 40.5). All @entity1 had recurrent @entity656 before endoscopic treatment during a median period of 5 years. At the end of the follow-up there were only 2 recurrences of @entity656 (p < 0.01). The number of @entity1 with @entity1118 before endoscopic treatment and at the end of follow-up decreased from 20 of 24 (83%) to 7 of 24 (29%) without reaching statistical significance. The 25% recurrence rate was estimated at 50 months by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Nine @entity1 presented with a dilated dorsal duct before endoscopic treatment. After stent insertion, dorsal duct dilatation appeared in all 16 @entity1 who underwent stent placement, and @entity788 developed in 3. Four @entity1 (19%) required further treatment for @entity158 recurrence or @entity656 , with surgical procedures being performed in 2 cases. Complications occurred in 9 of 24 @entity1 (38%), mainly @entity656 or @entity850 . All complications except one were managed conservatively. Complications seemed to be less frequent after minor papilla sphincterotomy than after pancreatic stent insertion (25% vs. 44%). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity788 , both dorsal duct stent insertion and minor papilla sphincterotomy decrease the rate of recurrent @entity656 , whereas relief of @entity1118 was less obvious.

title: Long-term results of endoscopic management of @entity788 with recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic duct stenosis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['sphincterotomy of the minor papilla']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis of the minor papilla']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: Recent studies in @entity1707 have shown that larger doses of @entity1425 than those currently employed for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) significantly improve regional myocardial blood flow following prolonged @entity1167 . The dose-response effect of a pure alpha-adrenergic agonist, @entity7202 , on regional myocardial blood flow has not been investigated in this setting. This study compared the effect of high-dose @entity1425 with graded doses of @entity7202 on regional myocardial blood flow, @entity26 delivery/utilization, and defibrillation rates during CPR. Twenty @entity1707 were instrumented for regional myocardial blood flow measurements using radiolabeled tracer microspheres. Measurements of regional myocardial blood flow, @entity26 delivery, and @entity26 consumption were made during normal sinus rhythm. @entity2224 was then induced. Following 10 minutes of @entity2224 , CPR was initiated with a pneumatic compressor. Regional myocardial blood flow, @entity26 delivery, and @entity26 consumption were then measured during CPR. Following 3 minutes of CPR, the @entity1707 were allocated to one of four treatment groups (five per group): group I, @entity1425 0.2 mg/kg; group II, @entity7202 0.1 mg/kg; group III, @entity7202 1.0 mg/kg; and group IV, @entity7202 10.0 mg/kg. One minute after drug administration, regional myocardial blood flow, @entity26 delivery, and @entity26 consumption measurements again were made. Three and one half minutes after drug administration, defibrillation was attempted. Regional myocardial blood flow following drug administration was compared using an analysis of covariance. @entity1425 (0.2 mg/kg) significantly improved myocardial blood flow (P less than .002) for all tissues examined compared with all doses of @entity7202 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of @entity1425 versus @entity7202 on regional myocardial blood flow and defibrillation rates following a prolonged XXXX in a @entity1707 model.

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiorespiratory arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5492 is the expectorating of blood from the tracheobronchial tree or @entity358 . There is conflicting information about usefulness of radiography, MDCT, and bronchoscopy for investigating site and cause of the @entity548 in @entity1 with hemoptysis. The present study attempted to evaluated efficacy of these methods for identifying hemoptysis' cause and etiology on 40 @entity1 with the disease. METHODS: A total of 40 @entity1 with @entity5492 who were referred to Golestan and Emam Khomeini hospitals were evaluated. Complete history of symptoms, volume and duration of @entity5492 and demographic information were documented. Radiography, MDCT, and bronchoscopy were performed on all @entity1 in order to investigate the site and cause of the @entity548 . RESULTS: Results showed MDCT had higher efficacy in identifying @entity548 site than radiography, while efficacy of radiography and bronchoscopy or efficacy of MDCT and bronchoscopy weren't significantly different. In addition, sensitivity of MDCT (60%) for detecting cause of the @entity548 was higher than that of radiography (25%) and bronchoscopy (32.5%). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests MDCT as a suitable method in screening @entity1 with hemoptysis, because it managed to detect site and causes of @entity548 more efficiently than other methods. Additionally, we concluded that MDCT is an appropriate technique for diagnosing @entity5 that cause hemoptysis in @entity1 .

title: XXXX : comparison of diagnostic accuracy of multi detector CT scan and bronchoscopy.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity5492 :: ('MESH:D006469', 'Disease') :: ['Hemoptysis']

answer: @entity5492 :: (MESH:D006469,Disease) :: ['Hemoptysis']


abstract: The increased prevalence of overweight adults has serious health consequences. Epidemiological studies suggest an association between low activity and being overweight; however, few studies have objectively measured activity during a period of @entity1017 , so it is unknown whether low activity is a cause or consequence of being overweight. To determine whether individual differences in adult @entity1017 are linked to an individual's activity level, we measured activity, via accelerometry, over a prolonged period (9 mo) in 18 adult female @entity2608 . Weight, food intake, metabolic rate, and activity were first monitored over a 3-mo period. During this period, there was mild but significant @entity1017 (5.5 +/- 0.88%; t =-6.3, df = 17, P < 0.0001), whereas caloric intake and activity remained stable. Metabolic rate increased, as expected, with @entity1017 . Activity level correlated with @entity1017 (r = -0.52, P = 0.04), and the most active monkeys gained less weight than the least active monkeys (t = -2.74, df = 8, P = 0.03). Moreover, there was an eightfold difference in activity between the most and least active monkeys, and initial activity of each monkey was highly correlated with their activity after 9 mo (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001). In contrast, food intake did not correlate with @entity1017 , and there was no difference in @entity1017 between monkeys with the highest vs. lowest caloric intake, total metabolic rate, or basal metabolic rate. We conclude that physical activity is a particularly important factor contributing to weight change in adulthood and that there are large, but stable, differences in physical activity among individuals.

title: Individual differences in physical activity are closely associated with changes in body weight in adult female @entity2608 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is a well-known complication of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP). We describe 7 cases of jejunojejunal @entity3885 related to adhesion formation after closure of the mesenteric "leaves" defect with non-absorbable suture. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing LRYGBP from October 2002 until February 2005 were entered into a prospective, longitudinal database. All @entity1 who subsequently presented with @entity1744 were analyzed. RESULTS: Jejunojejunal @entity3885 occurred in 7 out of 152 @entity1 (4.6%) in whom LRYGBP was performed from October 2002 to February 2004. Since February 2004, the suture used to close the jejunojejunal mesenteric leaves defect was changed from non-absorbable Dacron (Surgidac) to absorbable suture material. The mean interval between initial LRYGBP and subsequent @entity1744 was 153 days. Operative findings common to all 7 cases were dilated loops of proximal small bowel, and a single adhesion just distal to the Roux-Y @entity254 . Following adhesiolysis, each @entity1 had prompt return of bowel function without recurrence of obstruction. Of the 156 @entity1 who have since undergone LRYGBP, none have presented with @entity1744 , and this difference is statistically significant (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The overall rate of @entity1744 (2.3%) is consistent with the previous literature, although the incidence of adhesions specifically at the jejunojejunal @entity254 is higher than that previously encountered. It appears that the incidence of postoperative @entity1744 at the jejunojejunal @entity254 is directly linked to the choice of suture material intraoperatively. As such, absorbable suture should be used to close the jejunojejunal mesenteric leaves defect.

title: Jejunojejunal XXXX following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass due to non-absorbable suture: a report of seven cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'Small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic obstruction']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['anastomotic obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this analysis was to assess the real-life direct costs of drug delivery for frequently used chemotherapeutic regimens in @entity1 with relapsed low-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of direct costs of drug delivery (acquisition plus administration) of relapsed low-grade @entity1893 in 424 @entity1 in Canada, Germany, and Italy. Results were expressed as an average treatment cost per @entity1 for six cycles of chemotherapy. Exchange rates used were  1 (Canada)= currency 0.672, 1 @entity3918 (Germany)= currency 0.511, and 1 Lit (Italy)= currency 0.000517. RESULTS: Direct costs of drug delivery were greater for inpatients receiving @entity3118 (Canada currency 12,669; Italy currency 13,027) than for @entity3726 (Canada currency 7856; Germany currency 7218; Italy currency 4251) or COP/CVP (Canada currency 7360; Germany currency 8449). Treatment administration setting was a major cost driver with inpatient treatment up to 9-fold more expensive than the same regimen given to outpatients. Drug administration costs comprised the largest proportion of the total for each regimen in the inpatient setting (69-98%). Costs of drug delivery in the outpatient setting were 10% to 65% of those in the inpatient setting. Again, @entity3118 was more expensive (Italy currency 8493; Canada currency 7269) than @entity3726 (Canada currency 4403; Germany currency 2150; Italy currency 1264) and COP/CVP (Canada currency 3009; Germany currency 867). Administration costs were 2.5- to 15-fold higher for inpatients compared to outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Costs of drug administration are a major driver for total direct treatment costs in the treatment of relapsed low-grade @entity1893 and are at least as important as drug acquisition costs. Drug administration practices, in terms of inpatient or outpatient treatment, are a major factor in determining overall direct costs. Therapeutic strategies, which offer shortened treatment duration and/or a simple mode of administration, are likely to be economically attractive.

title: Costs of drug delivery for XXXX , COP/CVP, and @entity3118 : an international assessment.

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity3726 :: (1649,Gene) :: ['CHOP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Biventricular ( @entity3032 ) pacing in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) improves survival, relieves symptoms and attenuates left ventricular remodeling. However, little is known about @entity3032 in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity713 ( @entity713 ) because they are typically excluded from @entity3032 trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: -The BLOCK @entity712 trial randomized @entity1 with @entity713 , NYHA symptom class I-III @entity712 , and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)  <=50% to @entity3032 or right ventricular (RV) pacing. Doppler echocardiograms (DE) were obtained at randomization (following 30-60 days of RV pacing post-implant) and every 6 months through 24 months. Data analysis comparing changes in 10 pre-specified echo parameters over time was conducted using a Bayesian design. Left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI) was also evaluated as a predictor of mortality/morbidity. Of 691 randomized subjects, 624 had paired DE data for one or more analyses at 6, 12, 18 or 24 months. Biventricular pacing significantly reduced LV volume indices and @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), and improved LVEF, consistent with LV reverse remodeling. These parameters showed little change with RV pacing alone, indicating no systematic reverse remodeling with RV pacing. LVESVI was predictive of mortality/morbidity; the estimated risk increased up to 1% for every 1 mL/m(2) increase in LVESVI. CONCLUSIONS: -LVESVI is a significant predictor of mortality/morbidity in this population. Cardiac structure and function are improved with @entity3032 pacing for @entity1 with @entity713 . Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00267098.

title: Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling With Biventricular Versus Right Ventricular Pacing in @entity1 With @entity713 and @entity712 in the BLOCK XXXX Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block', 'AVB and LV systolic dysfunction', 'AVB']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['IVMD', 'intraventricular mechanical delay']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['HF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to subclinical levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) occurs commonly and is seemingly well tolerated. However, recurrent LPS exposure induces @entity299 over 2 to 3 months in a @entity19 model, not mediated by the renin-angiotensin system. Subclinical LPS induces @entity299 by unique mechanisms. METHODS: In C57/Bl6 @entity19 , LPS (10 mg/kg) or saline (control) were injected intraperitoneally once a week for 1-4 weeks. @entity19 showed no signs of distress, change in activity, appetite, or @entity353 . @entity19 were euthanized after 3 days, 1, 2, or 4 weeks to measure cardiac expression of @entity82 -related genes and potential mediators (measured by QRT-PCR), including micro-RNA (miR) and @entity1110 oxidase (NOX). Collagen fraction area of the left ventricle was measured with picrosirius red staining. Cardiac fibroblasts isolated from adult @entity19 hearts were incubated with 0, 0.1, 1.0 or 10 ng/ml LPS for 48 hours. RESULTS: Cardiac miR expression profiling demonstrated decreased @entity40725 after 3 and 7 days following LPS, which were confirmed by QRT-PCR. The earliest changes in @entity82 -related genes and mediators that occurred 3 days after LPS were increased cardiac expression of @entity5779 and @entity8930 (but not of @entity14856 ). This persisted at 1 and 2 weeks, with additional increases in collagen @entity30146 , @entity5780 , @entity1235 , @entity5779 , @entity5783 , and periostin. There was no change in @entity641 or @entity1612 . Collagen fraction area of the left ventricle increased after 2 and 4 weeks of LPS. LPS decreased @entity40725 and increased @entity8930 in isolated cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent exposure to subclinical LPS induces @entity299 after 2-4 weeks. Early changes 3 days after LPS were decreased @entity40725 and increased @entity8930 and @entity5779 , which persisted at 1 and 2 weeks, along with widespread activation of @entity82 -related genes. Decreased @entity40725 and increased @entity8930 , which induce @entity299 in other conditions, may uniquely mediate LPS-induced @entity299 .

title: Myocardial fibrosis induced by exposure to subclinical lipopolysaccharide is associated with decreased @entity40725 and enhanced XXXX expression in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1612 :: ('14219(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['connective tissue growth factor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

answer: @entity8930 :: (13058(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NOX2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of treating @entity6 by clearing heat, @entity10518 , activating blood, and dredging collaterals method. METHODS: Sixty @entity6 @entity1 were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 30 cases in each group. On the basis of the same routine treatment, @entity1 in the treatment group were treated by Qingjie Tongluo Recipe (QTR) plus external washing of Chinese herbs plus external dressing by herbs with removing @entity39 and promoting granulation actions, while those in the control group were treated with routine aseptic external dressing. Three months was taken as one therapeutic course. The wound area and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) were detected before and after treatment. The content of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), the peripheral vascular and nerve functions were also measured. The therapeutic effects were also observed. RESULTS: After treatment, in the treatment group,15 @entity1 were cured, 12 markedly effective, 2 effective, 1 ineffective, the cure rate was 50.0% and the total effective rate was 96.7%, while in the control group, 9 cases were cured, 6 markedly effective, 8 effective, 7 ineffective, the cure rate was 30.0% and the total effective rate was 76.7%. The total effective rate was better in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0. 01). The contents of @entity540 and @entity7 were significantly higher in the two groups after treatment (P <0.01). Besides, better results were obtained in the treatment group (P < 0.01). The blood flow speed of the dorsalis pedis artery, the inner diameter of the dorsalis pedis artery, and the common peroneal nerve conduction velocity were somewhat improved (P <0.05, P <0.01). Besides, better results were obtained in the treatment group (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: QTR combined external washing plus external dressing by herbs with removing @entity39 and promoting granulation actions could promote the healing of @entity6 induced @entity1066 , improve the vascular and nerve functions. Its efficacy was superior to that of the control group.

title: [Treatment of XXXX by clearing heat, @entity10518 , activating blood, and dredging collaterals method].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity10518 :: ('MESH:C565043', 'Disease') :: ['detoxification']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous study, we demonstrated that a hidden @entity393 is present in about 50% of @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). Such defects were found significantly less frequently in age and clinical stage-matched @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ), and were practically absent in @entity1 with @entity340 , and in @entity1 taking beta-receptor blockers for different reasons (such as @entity101 , @entity741 , etc.). The @entity2167 were first examined by means of brain-stem evoked response audiometry (BAEP). This method permitted only a rough differentiation between the origins of cochlear (myogenic) and retrocochlear (neurogenic) @entity2167 , and did not allow us to establish their myogenic or neurogenic nature with certainty. AIMS: Our present aim was to determine whether the @entity2167 present in @entity1121 and @entity384 @entity1 are myogenic or neurogenic in origin. METHODS: The neurogenic function of the inner ear was examined by BAEP as before, and the myogenic function by the distortion product otoacoustic emission technique. RESULTS: @entity854 were found in 39/69 ears (57%) and @entity854 in 19/69 (28%) ears among the @entity1121 cases, as compared with 14/39 (36%) and 8/39 (21%) ears respectively among the @entity384 cases (p<0.005). Healthy controls displayed the lowest incidence of both types of @entity393 . CONCLUSION: Our results lead us to conclude that @entity75 are more frequent than @entity75 in @entity1 with @entity1121 . Both @entity75 are more frequent in @entity1121 @entity1 than in @entity384 @entity1 or healthy controls. It may be hypothesized that abnormal sarcomeric proteins present in the muscular structures of the inner ear in @entity1121 are possibly responsible for the @entity2167 in these @entity1 , and that this is not merely a @entity16 .

title: Hearing disturbances in XXXX . Is the sensorineural disorder neurogenic or myogenic?

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disturbances', 'hearing disorders']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic lesions', 'myogenic and neurogenic lesions', 'myogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological defect']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Myogenic abnormalities', 'neurogenic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing abnormalities', 'hearing defect']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the addition of various toppings/fillings on the glycaemic response to baked @entity415 , pasta and toast. DESIGN: Randomised, repeated measures design. SETTING: Oxford, UK. SUBJECTS: Forty normal, healthy subjects (11 males and 29 females) were recruited to the study. Subjects were staff and students from Oxford Brookes University. INTERVENTION: Cheddar cheese, chilli con carne, baked beans and tuna were added to baked @entity415 , cooked pasta and toast to determine the effect on glycaemic response. RESULTS: No significant difference was found among the various toppings and baked @entity415 (P=0.06), pasta (P=0.06) and toast (P=0.39). However, the addition of toppings to a @entity1735 -rich food had a consistent lowering effect on glycaemic index (GI). In particular, the addition of cheddar cheese to @entity415 , pasta and toast reduced the GI of the test meal to a value that is considered to be low-GI (39, 27 and 35, respectively). This is particularly notable for @entity415 , which, when eaten alone, had the highest GI value of all the staples. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that the addition of foodstuffs to the staples baked @entity415 , pasta and toast had a consistent lowering effect on the GI value of that meal. These findings emphasise the importance of investigating the GI of composite meals.

title: The impact of the addition of toppings/fillings on the glycaemic response to commonly consumed XXXX foods.

entities_list: @entity415 :: ('4113', 'Species') :: ['potatoes', 'potato']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: The purpose of this study carried out in the pediatric ward of the regional hospital in Moundou, Chad, between June 1992 and May 1993 was to assess the prevalence of @entity7493 in @entity1 under 5 years of age and its relationship with @entity66 and in-hospital mortality. A total of 1050 @entity1 ranging in age from 1 to 59 months were hospitalized in the ward during the study period and included in the study. Nutritional status was assessed using weight-for-height (W/H) and height-for-age (H/A) charts. @entity294 , dehydratation, @entity311 , @entity417 , @entity1729 , and @entity693 accounted for 85.5% of the underlying diseases and for 76% of @entity204 . At entry into study the prevalence of @entity3147 was 63.1% (W/H < -2 Z-score) including 37% with severe @entity3147 (W/H < -3 Z-score) and 16.1% with stunted growth (H/A < -2 Z-score). @entity3147 was more prevalent in @entity1 under than over 2 years of age (80% vs. 42.7% respectively). The same trend was observed with regard to severe @entity3147 . The prevalence of @entity3147 was highest in @entity1 with acute @entity1729 or @entity294 (61.3% and 89.8% respectively). Mortality was significantly higher in severely malnourished @entity1 and malnourished @entity1 with @entity1729 especially at ages under 1 year. @entity204 was attributed to @entity3147 in 30% of cases. Better low cost nutritional care is currently feasible. The most cost efficient methods of fighting against this problem are prevention and education especially concerning breast feeding.

title: [Evaluation of the nutritional status of XXXX less than 5 years of age in Moundou, Chad: correlations with morbidity and hospital mortality].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection', 'respiratory infections', 'acute respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A study published in December 2000 showed that 5% of @entity1 presenting with transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) developed a @entity64 within 48 hours. This finding has been corroborated in several other studies. We hypothesize that, influenced by this, @entity341 ( @entity341 ) physicians have been more reluctant to discharge @entity4905 @entity1 resulting in an increase in the percentage of @entity4905 @entity1 admitted. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort of consecutive @entity341 visits. This study is conducted in 6 New Jersey EDs with annual @entity341 visits from 25000 to 65000. Consecutive @entity1 seen by @entity341 physicians between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010, were included. We identified @entity4905 visits using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code. We analyzed the admission rates for @entity4905 testing for significant differences using the Student t test and calculated 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of the 2622659 visits in the database, 8216 (0.3%) were for @entity4905 . Females comprised 57%. There was a statistically significant increase in the annual admission rates for @entity4905 @entity1 from 2000 to 2010, from 70% to 91%, respectively (difference, 22%; 95% confidence interval, 18%-26% [P < .001]). Separate analysis by sex showed similar increased admission rates for females and males. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the admission rate for TIAs increased significantly from 2001 to 2010. This change in physicians' practice may be due to the body of evidence that @entity4905 @entity1 have a significant short-term risk of @entity64 .

title: Admission rates of XXXX @entity1 with transient @entity63 attack have increased since 2000.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate activity and safety of trabectedin 1.5 mg/m2 IV over 24 hours every 3 weeks (1 cycle) in @entity1822 . METHODS: @entity1 with chemotherapy naive, advanced, persistent or recurrent @entity1822 , acceptable organ function and PS <=2 were eligible. A two-stage design was utilized. Three responses were required in the first stage to initiate the second stage; the target sample size was 40 for the combined stages. If the true response rate was 10%, the study design provided a 95% chance of correctly classifying the treatment as "inactive." Conversely, if the true response rate was 30%, then the average probability of correctly classifying the treatment as active would be 90%. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were eligible and evaluable. The median number of cycles was 10 (123 total cycles, range 2-29). The number of @entity1 with partial responses was 2 (10%; 95% confidence interval of 1.2%-31.7%). Response durations were 3.3 and 5.7 months. Ten @entity1 had stable disease (50%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 5.8 months and greater than 26.1 months (median not reached), respectively. Observed grade 3/4 @entity137 included: @entity1398 16/20 (1 infection); @entity882 3/20; metabolic 3/20; @entity417 , gastrointestinal and vascular 1/20 each. There were no treatment related @entity204 nor cases of @entity1578 . CONCLUSIONS: Although a second stage of accrual was not indicated based on the overall response rate, the drug was well tolerated.

title: A phase II evaluation of trabectedin in the treatment of advanced, persistent, or recurrent XXXX : a gynecologic oncology group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: In female squirrel monkeys ( @entity11420 ), the reproductive period normally extends from approximately 2.5 years to the mid-teens. In the present study, we examined the age-associated cytological changes in the ovaries of 24 squirrel monkeys ranging in age from newborn to approximately 20 years. We found a significant, age-related decline in the number of primordial follicles, with the most pronounced loss occurring between birth and 5 years. After approximately 8 years of age, relatively few primordial follicles were evident in the ovarian sections examined. An unusual feature of the aging squirrel monkey ovary is the emergence of highly differentiated, encapsulated clusters of granulosa cells that increase in size and number, particularly after the age of 8 years. Many of these cells express anti-M  llerian hormone, and, histologically, the clusters resemble @entity722 in @entity1 . However, granulosa cell clusters (GCCs) are present in both ovaries of all older squirrel monkeys, and they display no obvious signs of @entity5 , suggesting that they are a normal feature of ovarian aging in this species. Our findings indicate that reproductive senescence in female squirrel monkeys, as in other primates, involves the inexorable depletion of ovarian follicles. In addition, the consistent appearance of abundant, well-differentiated clusters of granulosa cells in older squirrel monkeys, prior to the cessation of reproduction, suggests that these structures may influence the later stages of reproductive potential in this species. Analysis of GCCs in older squirrel monkeys also could yield insights into the pathophysiology of @entity722 in @entity1 .

title: Ovarian aging in squirrel monkeys ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['granulosa cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity11420 :: ('9521', 'Species') :: ['Saimiri sciureus']

answer: @entity11420 :: (9521,Species) :: ['Saimiri sciureus']


abstract: To set the foundation to develop a disease-based, operation-specific model to predict the outcome of pediatric airway reconstruction surgery, we performed a retrospective database review of @entity1 operated on at a single, tertiary-care @entity1 's hospital. Over the 12-year period 1988 to 2000, a total of 1,296 airway reconstruction procedures were performed. Out of these, charts were identified for 199 @entity1 who underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction for a sole diagnosis of @entity5142 . @entity1 were excluded from the study if their disorder included supraglottic, glottic, or upper @entity8276 . The main outcome measures were Myer- @entity2708 grade-specific decannulation and extubation rates, including both operation-specific and overall results. There were 101 @entity1 who underwent double-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction. The operation-specific decannulation rates for Myer- @entity2708 grades 2, 3, and 4 were 85% (18/21), 37% (23/61), and 50% (7/14) (chi2 analysis, p = .0007). The overall decannulation rates were 95% (20/21), 74% (45/61), and 86% (12/14) (chi2 analysis, p = .04). There were 98 @entity1 who underwent single-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction. The operation-specific extubation rates for Myer- @entity2708 grades 2, 3, and 4 were 82% (37/45), 79% (34/43), and 67% (2/3) (chi2 analysis, p = .63). The overall extubation rates were 100% (45/45), 86% (37/43), and 100% (3/3) (chi2 analysis, p = .03). Logistic regression analysis showed no effect of age (less than or greater than 2 years of age) on operation-specific or overall outcome parameters. We conclude that laryngotracheal reconstruction for pediatric @entity5142 remains a challenging set of procedures in which multiple operations may be required to achieve eventual extubation or decannulation. @entity1 with Myer- @entity2708 grade 3 or 4 disease continue to represent a significant challenge, and refinements of techniques are being examined to address this subset of @entity1 . Disease-based, operation-specific outcome statistics are the first step in the development of a meaningful predictive model.

title: Surgery for pediatric XXXX : disease-specific outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal disease']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

answer: @entity5142 :: (MESH:D007829,Disease) :: ['subglottic stenosis']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Early determination of myocardial manifestations of @entity6 is of major importance, since @entity296 considerably influences the prognosis of @entity6 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether young @entity1 with @entity1723 and normal systolic left ventricular (LV) function already show a diastolic @entity1002 and an increased risk of @entity943 . METHODS: Echocardiography was performed in 87 @entity1 suffering from @entity6 , without known @entity299 and in 87 controls. @entity1 with a known manifest @entity299 or a long-term @entity6 were excluded. Morphological parameters were determined using M-mode echocardiography. Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate parameters of LV diastolic function. The risk of @entity943 was assessed by means of electrocardiography, heart rate variability, and late potential analysis. RESULTS: The left @entity2224 and systolic functional parameters of all @entity1 were normal. A @entity67 with a reduction in early diastolic filling, an increase in @entity955 , an extension of isovolumetric relaxation and deceleration time was documented in @entity6 @entity1 , as well as an increased number of supraventricular and ventricular premature beats. CONCLUSION: Even young @entity1 with @entity6 suffer from a @entity67 while systolic ventricular function is normal. Therefore, echocardiography with measurements of diastolic functional parameters appears to be a sensitive method for evaluating the manifestation and course of early @entity13088 .

title: @entity1002 as an early manifestation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular dimensions']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial filling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity13088 :: (MESH:D058065,Disease) :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the two basic surgical types of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), as classified by us. The two basic surgical variations of UPPP differ for the width of the anteroposterior palatal resection, being 1 to 2 cm (type 1) and 0.5 to 1.0 cm (type 2). DESIGN: Randomized, retrospective study. @entity1 : Eighty-seven @entity1 with @entity27 hospitalized in our department from 1983 to 1991. All @entity1 had a complete preoperative and postoperative polysomnographic evaluation. RESULTS: The operation was found to be an effective @entity27 in most @entity1 . Snoring improvement was found in 95% (29/31) of @entity1 with type 1 UPPP and in 96% (54/56) of the @entity1 with type 2 UPPP, whereas, @entity386 index improvement was detected in 65% (20/31) of the @entity1 with type 1 UPPP vs 64% (36/56) of the @entity1 with type 2 UPPP. @entity86 was found in 94% (29/31) vs 79% (44/56), P = .0025; nasal reflux was found in 81% (25/31) vs 11% (6/56), P = .0001; and @entity2422 was found in 100% (31/31) vs 13% (7/56), P = .0001, in type 1 and type 2 UPPP operations, respectively. Chi-square analysis shows highly significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 UPPP is the recommended surgical @entity27 , mainly due to the minimal postoperative morbidity.

title: Surgical XXXX . Technical variations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2422 :: ('MESH:C537724', 'Disease') :: ['hypernasality']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['procedure of obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'treatment of obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative dysphagia']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['treatment of obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: @entity1205 and @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) increase transcapillary albumin extravasation and reduce interstitial fluid pressure in the skin. In this study the microdialysate concentration (Cm) of 125I-labeled human serum albumin (125I-HSA) and different-sized endogenous plasma proteins (EPP) was compared to evaluate changes in transcapillary extravasation of plasma proteins. 125I-HSA was also used to estimate changes in the specific activity of albumin. Extravasation of 125I-HSA and EPP from plasma to interstitium in the @entity35 skin was compared during continuous administration of @entity1205 and @entity5015 by using microdialysis in anesthetized @entity35 . Also, 20 ml of Ringer solution (RS) were injected intravenously during 10 min in a separate group. Two hollow plasmapheresis fibers (3 cm, cut off 3,000 kDa), one acting as control, were placed subcutaneously on the back skin and perfused with RS (5 microl/min, 140 min, collected every 10 min). The size of the different EPP was estimated to be 73, 65, 56, 47, and 39 A, separated by a size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography column and quantified by UV detection (280 nm). @entity1205 (0.5 mg/ml, n = 5) increased Cm of 125I-HSA and EPP of sizes 73, 65, 56, and 39 A significantly (P < 0.05) compared with control. @entity5015 (20 microg/ml, n = 6) increased Cm of 125I-HSA significantly (P < 0.05) but none of the different-sized EPP was increased compared with control. Intravenous RS (20 ml, n = 6) increased Cm of 125I-HSA and increased all the different-sized EPP significantly (P < 0.05) compared with control. Although the microdialysis method is able to monitor qualitative changes in capillary permeability, a quantitative determination of the capillary reflection coefficient or permeability-surface area product was not possible, because steady state between plasma and dialysate was not achieved during the measurement period. The different pattern of extravasation of EPP and 125I-HSA after @entity1205 , @entity5015 , and RS indicates increased interstitial transport rate and/or increased capillary permeability after @entity1205 and RS, whereas @entity5015 seems to increase transcapillary fluid flux without altering the permeability.

title: Changes in plasma protein extravasation in XXXX skin during inflammatory challenges evaluated by microdialysis.

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The late results of 70 @entity1 aged 1.96 to 35.9 (mean 10.1) years who had repair of @entity1757 and @entity337 from 1968 to 1988 were reviewed. The @entity1757 was subcristal in 50 and subpulmonary in 20 @entity1 . Two thirds were situated immediately below some part of the right coronary leaflet with prolapse of that leaflet. Most of the remainder were below the right commissure or the anterior part of the noncoronary leaflet with prolapse of one or both adjacent leaflets. Associated structural defects, usually including some fusion at a commissure, were present in 18 of the 70 @entity1 and occurred more often with a @entity1757 in or below the commissure between the right and noncoronary leaflets (p less than 0.001). Follow-up ranged from 1.9 to 19.6 (mean 9.8) years. There were no early deaths or cases of @entity713 , but there were two late deaths. @entity1 survival rate was 96% at 10 years. Freedom from @entity177 and freedom from reoperation were 76% and 85%, respectively, at 10 years. The major predictor for failure by multivariate analysis was the presence of an associated structural defect (p less than 0.01). Age at repair and position of the @entity1757 were not significant risk factors. We conclude that aortic valvuloplasty produces good palliation in most @entity1 . The few failures occurred early and chiefly in @entity1 with associated structural @entity340 that occurred more frequently in @entity1 who had a @entity1757 in the right commissure, where both the right and noncoronary leaflets may be affected.

title: Late results after repair of XXXX associated with @entity1757 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['valvuloplasty failure']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve defects']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic insufficiency']


abstract: Using a gastrostomy-fed (GF) @entity35 @entity1 "pup-in-a-cup" model, the effects of protein deprivation and supplemental @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) and @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) were examined to test the hypothesis that @entity7647 decreases the proinflammatory response induced by @entity558 in the developing @entity1 @entity35 small intestine. Four groups of 6- to 7-day-old pups were fed a @entity35 milk substitute (RMS), one providing 100% and three providing 25% of normal protein intake for another 6 days. Two of the 25% protein-fed groups received supplemental @entity7647 or @entity367 . GF and @entity558 treatment blunted body growth and intestinal villus height and increased intestinal cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) mRNA in the protein-deprived, non- @entity7647 -treated group compared with mother-fed pups (P < 0.05). @entity7647 blunted intestinal CINC mRNA (P < 0.05), but @entity367 did not. Intestinal CINC peptide in the @entity558 -treated pups provided 100 and 25% protein was elevated approximately 13-fold compared with the mother-reared pups (P < 0.001). @entity7647 and @entity367 decreased intestinal CINC peptide by 73 and 80%, respectively. GF, @entity558 -treated pups also had a higher level of plasma CINC peptide (P < 0.05). @entity7647 but not @entity367 decreased plasma CINC peptide (P < 0.05). An approximate sixfold elevation of intestinal MPO activity in the GF, @entity558 -treated @entity35 was decreased by @entity7647 and @entity367 by 92% (P < 0.001) and 54% (P < 0.05), respectively. Intestinal and plasma @entity1505 were increased in GF, @entity558 -treated pups (P < 0.01), and @entity7647 and @entity367 both blunted this increase (P < 0.05) in the intestine but not in the plasma. The results indicate that @entity7647 decreases the @entity558 -induced inflammatory response in @entity1 @entity35 intestine under different conditions of protein intake.

title: @entity1160 decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-progressive @entity2055 ( @entity6447 ) with or without @entity717 ( @entity717 ) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous conditions. As a consequence, the identification of the genes responsible for these phenotypes remained limited. OBJECTIVE: Identification of a new gene responsible for @entity6447 and @entity717 . Methods Following the discovery of three familial or sporadic cases with an intragenic @entity36271 ( @entity36271 ) rearrangement identified by an array-CGH and recruited from a national collaboration, the authors defined the clinical and molecular characteristics of such rearrangements, and searched for @entity1 with point mutations by direct sequencing. RESULTS: Intragenic copy number variations of @entity36271 were all located in the CG-1 domain of the gene. It segregated with autosomal dominant @entity717 with @entity6447 ( @entity6447 ) in two unrelated families, and was de novo deletion located in the same domain in a @entity1 presenting with @entity6447 . In the @entity1 with @entity717 , the deletion led to a frameshift, producing a truncated protein, while this was not the case for the @entity1 with isolated @entity2055 . Brain MRI of the @entity1 revealed a pattern of progressive atrophy of cerebellum medium lobes and superior vermis, parietal lobes and hippocampi. DNA sequencing of the CG-1 domain in 197 @entity1 with @entity5 , extended to full DNA sequencing in 50 @entity1 with @entity717 and 47 additional @entity1 with @entity2055 , identified no pathogenic mutation. CONCLUSION: The authors have evidence that loss-of-function of @entity36271 , a brain-specific @entity460 responsive transcription factor, is responsible for @entity6447 with or without @entity717 . Accession numbers @entity36271 reference sequence used was ENST00000303635. Protein sequence was ENSP00000306522.

title: Intragenic XXXX rearrangements cause non-progressive @entity2055 with or without @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic or familial non-syndromic intellectual deficiency']

entities_list: @entity36271 :: ('23261', 'Gene') :: ['CAMTA1', 'calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['NPCA', 'non-progressive congenital cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ataxias', 'childhood ataxia']

answer: @entity36271 :: (23261,Gene) :: ['CAMTA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) and @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ) have essential roles in synaptic plasticity which is involved in pathogenesis and treatment of @entity146 . However, it is not clear whether they act simultaneously during illness states in major @entity146 . METHODS: @entity2252 and @entity6352 serum levels were measured concomitantly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in 171 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 (n=33), @entity162 - @entity162 episode (n=39), @entity162 (n=64, 24/40) and @entity3119 (n=35) according to DSM-IV, and 78 healthy volunteers. @entity915 -I and @entity915 non- @entity1 version were used for clinical evaluation of the @entity1 and healthy volunteers, respectively. Correlations between the two trophic factor levels, and illness severity scores, duration of illness and medication dosages were studied across different illnesses. RESULTS: While @entity1 had equally lower @entity2252 levels in all diagnoses, @entity6352 levels were significantly higher in @entity162 and lower in @entity161 compared to healthy controls. @entity2252 levels were negatively correlated to illness severity scores in affective episodes ( @entity162 and @entity308 ). Longer duration of illness (>5years) had an impact on lower @entity6352 levels in @entity161 . @entity2252 levels and antipsychotic drug dosages in @entity161 , and @entity6352 levels and antidepressant drug dosages in @entity3119 were positively correlated. CONCLUSION: Our data confirmed the evidence of equally deficient neuronal support by @entity2252 in all major @entity146 illnesses, but suggested a diverse glial functioning between @entity161 and @entity162 .

title: Diverse @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ) support between XXXX and @entity161 : A comparative study in four major @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'bipolar/unipolar depression', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['mania']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the main factors associated with the occurrence of specific geriatric syndromes (namely pressure sores, @entity1241 , @entity322 and falls) in elderly @entity1 during hospitalization. DESIGN: Observational prospective study. SETTING: Eighty-one community and university hospitals throughout Italy. @entity1 : 13,729 @entity1 aged 65 years and more, consecutively admitted to medical or geriatric acute wards during 20 months in the period between 1991 and 1998. MEASUREMENTS: Occurrence of pressure sores, @entity1241 , @entity322 and falls during the stay in hospital. RESULTS: Pressure sores were already present in 3% of hospitalized subjects, @entity1241 in 7.3%, while @entity322 , evaluated on a subgroup of total population (4,268 subjects), had a prevalence of 22.3%. During hospitalization (mean stay of 15 days), 74 subjects developed new pressure sores, 55 became fecal and 35 urinary incontinent, and 279 subjects had at least one episode of fall. In multivariate analyses, @entity73 , advanced age (85+ years), length of stay (more than 3 weeks) and severe disability were the main independent predictors of development of the four geriatric syndromes, with @entity73 as the most significant risk factor for all the four outcomes (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.4-9.9 for pressure sores; @entity17200 , 95% CI 3.0-13.0 for @entity1241 ; OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.3-12.0 for @entity322 ; @entity13562 , 95% CI 1.2-2.3 for falls). CONCLUSION: Very old @entity1 have a significant increased risk of several geriatric syndromes during the stay in hospital, particularly if it is long and they are cognitively impaired. A standardized comprehensive geriatric evaluation at admission could be helpful in detecting all subjects at risk and preventing the development of @entity580 .

title: XXXX is the major risk factor for development of geriatric syndromes during hospitalization: results from the GIFA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired geriatric syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the acute @entity137 profile and compliance from a randomized Phase III trial comparing accelerated radiotherapy (AR) with accelerated radiotherapy plus @entity15436 and @entity4571 (ARCON) in @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From April 2001 to February 2008, 345 @entity1 with cT2-4 squamous cell @entity5 were randomized to AR (n = 174) and ARCON (n = 171). Acute @entity137 was scored weekly until Week 8 and every 2-4 weeks thereafter. Compliance to @entity15436 and @entity4571 was reported. RESULTS: Between both treatment arms (AR vs. ARCON) no statistically significant difference was observed for incidence of acute skin reactions (moist desquamation: 56% vs. 58%, p = 0.80), acute mucosal reactions ( @entity33 : 79% vs. 85%, p = 0.14), and symptoms related to @entity33 (severe @entity158 on swallowing: 53% vs. 58%, p = 0.37; nasogastric tube feeding: 28% vs. 28%, p = 0.98; narcotic medicines required: 58% vs. 58%, p = 0.97). There was a statistically significant difference in median duration of @entity33 in favor of AR (2.0 vs 3.0 weeks, p = 0.01). There was full compliance with @entity15436 breathing and @entity4571 in 86% and 80% of the @entity1 , with discontinuation in 6% and 12%, respectively. Adjustment of antiemesis prophylaxis was needed in 42% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: With the exception of a slight increase in median duration of acute @entity33 , the present data reveal a similar acute @entity137 profile between both regimens and a good compliance with ARCON for clinical stage T2-4 @entity5 . Treatment outcome and late morbidity will determine the real therapeutic benefit.

title: Acute @entity137 profile and compliance to accelerated radiotherapy plus @entity15436 and @entity4571 for clinical stage T2-4 XXXX : results of a phase III randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'laryngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['acute mucositis', 'confluent mucositis']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) usually develop exercise intolerance. In this context, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can help to increase physical performance. OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of NIV on exercise tolerance in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHOD: Search Strategy: Articles were searched in the following databases: Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and MEDLINE. Selection Criteria: This review included only randomized controlled trials involving @entity1 with @entity712 undergoing NIV, with or without other therapies, that used exercise tolerance as an outcome, verified by the distance travelled in the six-minute walk test (6MWT), VO2peak in the cardiopulmonary test, time spent in testing, and @entity1353 . Data Collection And Analysis: The methodological quality of the studies was rated according to the PEDro scale. Data were pooled in fixed-effect meta-analysis whenever possible. RESULTS: Four studies were selected. A meta-analysis including 18 @entity1 showed that the use of NIV prior to the 6MWT promoted increased distance, [mean difference 65.29 m (95% CI 38.80 to 91.78)]. CONCLUSIONS: The use of NIV prior to the 6MWT in @entity1 with @entity712 may promote increased distance. However, the limited number of studies may have compromised a more definitive conclusion on the subject.

title: Noninvasive ventilation and exercise tolerance in XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mindstreams Computerized Cognitive Test Battery (Mindstreams) is a standardized computer-based battery that was designed for widespread clinical and research use. The capability of Mindstreams to test @entity73 in @entity161 has yet to be evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of Mindstreams in detecting @entity73 in @entity161 @entity1 and to compare it to the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). METHOD: Fifty-five @entity161 @entity1 and 63 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to quantify symptom severity. Neurocognitive functions were assessed using Mindstreams and CANTAB. RESULTS: The @entity161 @entity1 scored significantly more poorly than healthy subjects on all tests comprising the Mindstreams battery. Comparable tasks of the Mindstreams and CANTAB batteries significantly correlated on raw scores and the standardized cognitive indices. The Mindstreams executive function tasks had significant correlations with the PANSS negative, autistic preoccupation and activation cluster scores, and with global functioning. Two-week test-retest reliability correlations were all significant (N=17, p<0.05-p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that Mindstreams is reliable in assessing the cognitive function of @entity1 with @entity161 and may play a role in standardizing the cognitive assessment of these @entity1 in clinical and research settings.

title: The detection of neurocognitive decline in XXXX using the Mindstreams Computerized Cognitive Test Battery.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction', 'cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Ghanaian health sector has undertaken several policies to help improve the quality of care received by @entity1 . This includes the construction of several health facilities, the increase in the training of health workers, especially nurses, and the introduction of incentive packages (such as salary increase) to motivate health workers. The important question is to what extent does the institutional arrangement between the health facilities and the government as well as between health workers and public health facility administration affect the quality of care? The objective of this study is to find the effect of institutional factors on the quality of care. The institutional factors examined were mainly the extent of decentralization between government and health facilities, as well as between health workers and facility administration, the hiring procedure, and job satisfaction. METHODS: The study used primary data on former @entity1 from sixty six health facilities in three administrative regions of Ghana: the Northern, the Ashanti and the Greater Accra regions. The quality indicator used was effectiveness of treatment as determined by the @entity1 . Ordered logit regression was run for the indicator with @entity1 and health facility characteristics as well as institutional factors as independent variables. The sample size was 2248. RESULTS: The results showed that the @entity1 's level of formal education had a strong influence on the effectiveness of treatment. In addition, effectiveness of treatment differed according to the administrative region in which the facility was located, and according to the extent of decentralization between health facility and government. The quality of instruments used for treatment, the working conditions for health workers, and job satisfaction had no effect on the effectiveness of treatment. CONCLUSION: Decentralization, the flow of information from government to health facilities and from health facility administrators to health workers are important in ensuring effectiveness. The study recommends further decentralization between health facilities as well as between health workers and administrators. In addition, the study recommends the involvement of health facilities in @entity311 programs to ensure the flow of information needed for effectiveness of treatment.

title: The role of institutions on the effectiveness of XXXX treatment in the Ghanaian health sector.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: The BamHI restriction modification system was previously cloned into @entity526 and maintained with an extra copy of the methylase gene on a high copy vector (Brooks et al., (1989) Nucl. Acids Res. 17, 979-997). The @entity377 sequence of a 3014 bp region containing the endonuclease (R) and methylase (M) genes has now been determined. The sequence predicts a methylase protein of 423 @entity1522 , Mr 49,527, and an endonuclease protein of 213 @entity1522 , Mr 24,570. Between the two genes is a small open reading frame capable of encoding a 102 @entity535 protein, Mr 13,351. The M. BamHI enzyme has been purified from a high expression clone, its @entity1472 terminal sequence determined, and the nature of its substrate modification studied. The BamHI methylase modifies the internal C within its recognition sequence at the N4 position. Comparisons of the deduced @entity535 sequence of M. BamHI have been made with those available for other DNA methylases: among them, several contain five distinct regions, 12 to 22 @entity1522 in length, of pronounced sequence similarity. Finally, stability and expression of the BamHI system in both @entity526 and @entity3881 have been studied. The results suggest R and M expression are carefully regulated in a 'natural' host like @entity3881 .

title: Characterization of the cloned BamHI restriction modification system: its XXXX sequence, properties of the methylase, and expression in heterologous hosts.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: Leg development in @entity238 has been studied in much detail. However, @entity238 limbs form in the larva as imaginal discs and not during embryogenesis as in most other arthropods. Here, we analyze appendage genes in the spider Cupiennius salei and the beetle @entity5399 . Differences in decapentaplegic (dpp) expression suggest a different mode of distal morphogen signaling suitable for the specific geometry of growing limb buds. Also, expression of the proximal genes homothorax ( @entity62131 ) and extradenticle ( @entity37097 ) is significantly altered: in the spider, @entity37097 is restricted to the proximal leg and @entity62131 expression extends distally, while in insects, @entity37097 is expressed in the entire leg and @entity62131 is restricted to proximal parts. This reversal of spatial specificity demonstrates an evolutionary shift, which is nevertheless compatible with a conserved role of this gene pair as instructor of proximal fate. Different expression dynamics of dachshund and Distal-less point to modifications in the regulation of the leg gap gene system. We comment on the significance of this finding for attempts to homologize leg segments in different arthropod classes. Comparison of the expression profiles of H15 and optomotor-blind to the @entity238 patterns suggests modifications also in the dorsal-ventral patterning system of the legs. Together, our results suggest alterations in many components of the leg developmental system, namely proximal-distal and dorsal-ventral patterning, and leg segmentation. Thus, the leg developmental system exhibits a propensity to evolutionary change, which probably forms the basis for the impressive diversity of arthropod leg morphologies.

title: Gene expression in spider appendages reveals reversal of XXXX / @entity62131 spatial specificity, altered leg gap gene dynamics, and suggests divergent distal morphogen signaling.

entities_list: @entity5399 :: ('7070', 'Species') :: ['Tribolium castaneum']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity37097 :: (32567(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['exd']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is standard treatment of severe @entity308 . The induction of a @entity410 is a core event in successful @entity34 . Although @entity1875 is a frequently used anesthetic agent, one of its limitations is a reduction of @entity410 duration. No such effects have been reported regarding @entity1937 , an ultrarapid-acting opioid that is used to induce and maintain anesthesia. The simultaneous administration of @entity1875 and @entity1937 may have similar safety and efficacy in terms of induction of anesthesia during @entity34 as @entity1875 alone and significantly increase @entity410 duration. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity34 @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 , aged 24 to 81 years) were recruited. Muscle paralysis was achieved with @entity2900 (0.5-0.75 mg/kg intravenously [IV]). @entity909 was induced by either @entity1875 (1 mg/kg IV) or @entity1875 (0.5 mg/kg IV) + @entity1937 (1 microg/kg) in a crossover format. @entity34 was administered according to established clinical protocols at the Sheba Medical Center, Israel. No changes in @entity34 current were permitted in the 2 protocols of each @entity1 . Statistical analysis was based on paired t tests. RESULTS: In all but 2 cases, @entity410 duration was significantly longer in the @entity1937 group than in the control group (motor @entity410 53.7 +/- 28.3 seconds vs. 29.5 +/- 10.9 seconds, t = 4.017, P = 0.0007; Electroencephalographic (EEG) @entity410 60.8 +/- 25.1 seconds vs. 40.1 +/- 17.0 seconds, t = 3.971, P = 0.001). No significant differences were found in mean recovery time, post-treatment elevation in blood pressure, heart-beat, or @entity26 saturation. CONCLUSION: During anesthesia, the addition of @entity1937 to @entity1875 appears to be as effective as @entity1875 alone with regard to anesthesia efficacy and cardiovascular function while significantly increasing @entity410 duration. Whether this discovery is of relevance to the clinical efficacy of @entity34 remains to be tested.

title: @entity1937 supplementation of @entity1875 during electroconvulsive therapy: effect on XXXX duration and cardiovascular stability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['ECT', 'Electroconvulsive therapy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['Unconsciousness']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of diet finishing mode (pasture or mixed diet) on the antioxidant status of @entity291 meat (M. Longissimus dorsi). Effects of sex ( @entity291 , heifer and steer) and age (only in @entity291 ) were also studied. @entity270 content of muscle and activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity26166 (Cat) and @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx), were measured. Total antioxidant status was also estimated by measuring @entity22143 equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and @entity10555 hydroxylation. @entity270 content was higher in meat from pasture-finished animals than from mixed diet-finished animals. Diet had also an important effect on antioxidant enzyme activity. Pasture finishing mode increased SOD activity and decreased GPx activity in muscle. Effect of diet on @entity26166 activity was less pronounced. Total antioxidant status measured by @entity10555 hydroxylation was higher in the mixed diet-group but no effect of diet was observed on TEAC measurement. Effect of sex was observed on SOD and @entity26166 activity and also in @entity10555 hydroxylation. Effect of age was only noticed on @entity10555 hydroxylation.

title: Effect of diet finishing mode (pasture or mixed diet) on antioxidant status of Charolais XXXX meat.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most commonly applied herbicides worldwide. ATZ has been associated with adverse effects on the immune system; however, the mechanism of its immunotoxicity has not been completely elucidated. In this study, the immunotoxic effects of ATZ on @entity19 splenic lymphocytes and magnetic bead-enriched NK cells were investigated in vitro with the use of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE)-based flow cytometric approaches. Proliferation responses, NK cell activity, and T-cell early activation were determined with CFDA-SE loading, CFDA-SE/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and @entity26490 + expression, respectively. Cell apoptosis/cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated using PI, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and rhodamine 123, respectively. The intracellular expressions of apoptosis-related @entity1379 and @entity185 were analyzed through intracellular staining and flow cytometry. Results showed that proliferation and NK cell activity were suppressed by ATZ treatment. Such suppression might be associated with the cell apoptosis induced by increased ROS and declined MMP. The underlying mechanism might be the induced @entity185 expression and decreased @entity1379 expression. ATZ could elicit immunotoxic effects on @entity19 lymphocytes; its presence in the environment might compromise immune function in organisms. The flow cytometric methods presented in this study should be further investigated in immunotoxicology.

title: Effects of atrazine on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of XXXX lymphocytes with the use of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-based flow cytometric approaches.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity731 is a chronic @entity792 . The involvement of both innate and adaptive immune responses in the pathogenesis of the disease has been well recognized. Tregs are an essential part of the immune system and have indispensable functions in maintaining immune system homeostasis, mediating peripheral tolerance, preventing @entity792 , and suppressing inflammatory and proatherogenic immune response. Tregs carry out their immunosuppressive functions via several mechansims. One of the well-documented suppressive mechanisms of Tregs is the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines including @entity1618 , @entity641 , and IL-35. Studies have found that @entity1618 and @entity641 have atheroprotective properties. In addition, Tregs can suppress the activity of proatherogenic effector T cells, suggesting an atheroprotective role. In fact, fewer Tregs are found in atherogenic @entity6970 -/- @entity19 comparing to wild-type @entity19 , suggesting an uncontrolled balance between weakened Tregs and effector T cells in atherogenesis. Some clinical studies of @entity792 also suggest that decreased Tregs numbers are associated with increased disease activity. The importance of Tregs in many @entity792 and experimental @entity731 has been established in in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the roles of Tregs in @entity731 in the clinical setting remains to be further characterized.

title: Regulatory T cells and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune inflammatory disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of @entity3566 therapy with placebo or bed rest in @entity1 with @entity9803 . DESIGN: Random assignment, double-blind. SETTING: Community hospitals. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: Sixty-one @entity1 with viable pregnancies under 8 weeks' gestation on admission to hospital were randomly allocated to receive injections of @entity3566 or placebo, or were advised to rest in bed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Abortion vs. continuation of pregnancy at 16 weeks' gestation. RESULTS: Thirty-one aborted: 6/20 on @entity3566 , 10/21 on placebo, 15/20 on bed rest. @entity3566 vs. bed rest, P < .01; placebo vs. bed rest, @entity3566 vs. placebo--not significant. Plasma @entity1420 : continuing pregnancy > @entity5852 , P < .01; continued with @entity3566 vs. aborted on placebo, P < .001; continued with @entity3566 vs. aborted with bed rest, P < .001. No significant differences in pregnancy/birth complications or @entity1 ' birth weight. Female/male ratio was 2:1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3566 is significantly better than bed rest.

title: A comparative study of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, placebo, and bed rest for @entity1 with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity9803 :: ('MESH:D000033', 'Disease') :: ['threatened abortion']

answer: @entity9803 :: (MESH:D000033,Disease) :: ['threatened abortion']


abstract: The @entity995 is initiated by inactivation of @entity996 , a @entity5 suppressor on chromosome 13q. In addition to @entity996 loss, many @entity995 show other genetic alterations including gains on chromosomes 6p21-pter and 1q31-q32. Recently, the minimal region of gains on chromosome 6 was narrowed to band @entity9822 . We examined genomic gains and expression changes in primary @entity995 to identify potential target genes in 6p22. Quantitative multiplex PCR detected copy numbers > or = 3 in 25 (33%) @entity5 and no gains in 31 of 76 (40%) @entity5 . The remaining 20 (26%) samples showed gains only at some loci, most often including @entity29005 and @entity48205 in 6p22.3. Analysis of RNA from 21 primary @entity995 showed that expression levels of these and some other genes in 6p22 correspond to DNA gains. However, @entity57940 , a reported candidate oncogene on 6p, was expressed at low levels or absent. Clinical manifestation of @entity5 with gains at all 6p22 loci was distinct in that distribution of age at diagnosis was markedly shifted to older age compared to @entity5 with no or partial gains. In summary, our results suggest that @entity48205 and @entity29005 are potential targets of 6p gains in @entity995 .

title: Gains and overexpression identify XXXX and @entity29005 as targets of chromosome 6p gains in @entity995 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric eye tumour retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastomas']

answer: @entity48205 :: (7913,Gene) :: ['DEK']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity842 (NO) has been implicated in a variety of functions, including the control of synaptic plasticity and sensory signaling. Current evidence suggests that this unconventional neurotransmitter mediates @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor-linked excitotoxicity. This study describes the expression of @entity2821 ( @entity2821 ) immunoreactivity (IR) in hippocampi from @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). METHODS: Hippocampi from @entity1 with clinical symptoms, neuroimaging, and EEG typical of @entity131 ( @entity131 ; n = 22) were compared with those from @entity1 with neocortical temporal lesions (NONHS; n = 4) and autopsy (AUT; @entity19 ) @entity1 for total cells, and @entity2821 -IR neuron and puncta densities. RESULTS: Compared with AUT, @entity131 hippocampi had significantly less @entity2821 -IR neuron densities in the fascia dentata (FD); hilus, and @entity3729 , @entity1400 , @entity7464 , and @entity1399 subfields. @entity131 hippocampi had significantly greater @entity2821 -IR puncta densities in the FD, as compared with AUT and NONHS. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that hippocampi from @entity1315 @entity1 exhibit a loss of @entity2821 -IR neurons and an abnormal FD innervation. The release of NO can influence the dynamics of ionic channels and neurotransmitter release, thus affecting neuronal membrane potential. Because the NOergic transmission does not obey the topographic constraints imposed on conventional transmitters, target cells can be stimulated even in regions with severe deafferentation. The plastic changes described here may contribute to abnormal hippocampal excitability.

title: Loss and sprouting of @entity842 synthase neurons in the XXXX epileptic hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2821 :: ('4842', 'Gene') :: ['nNOS', 'neuronal NO synthase']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A morphological and cytogenetic analysis of a multifocal @entity5426 in a typical case of @entity12652 is reported. The morphological analysis indicated differentiation along both blood and lymph vessel endothelium lines. By light and electron microscopy there were areas with well-developed erythrocyte-containing, capillary-like vessels and poorly differentiated areas with abortive vascular formations. In these the endothelium revealed immunoreactivity to factor VIII RAg, binding of Ulex europaeus I and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus agglutinin lectins, Weibel-Palade bodies ultrastructurally and presented a continuous enclosing external lamina and immunoreactivity for laminin and collagen IV, all features of blood-vessel differentiation. There were also @entity2696 -like areas as well as poorly differentiated areas where the immunohistochemical, lectin-binding and ultrastructural features were compatible with a lymph vessel differentiation. Cytogenetic analysis of cultured @entity5 cells revealed chromosome counts in the diploid region. About 40% of the cells analysed had a normal diploid karyotype. The remaining cells showed a multitude of mainly nonclonal structural alterations; 17 unique marker types resulting from different translocations and deletions were observed. There were also a few cells with clonal numerical deviations showing monosomy 22, @entity2689 and trisomy 2 respectively. It is of interest that the losses of chromosome 22 and the X chromosome also have been observed in @entity2826 and that the @entity1015 gene, a novel angiogenetic factor, has been mapped to chromosome 22.

title: Morphological and cytogenetic studies of @entity5426 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['Stewart-Treves syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['monosomy X']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma']

answer: @entity12652 :: (MESH:C537491,Disease) :: ['Stewart-Treves syndrome']


abstract: @entity1645 ( @entity1645 ) continues to raise great interest among physicians due to the larger and larger number of newly diagnosed cases. The clinical and radiological picture and the management options of such a @entity102 are well acknowledged as well as those of the associated @entity1644 . Little is known, on the other hand, about abrupt clinical onset following decompensation of @entity1645 / @entity1644 complex. This review on the sudden onset of these two conditions shows that this is a very rare phenomenon; only 41 cases are being reported in the last three decades. In all these cases, acute onset was referable to @entity1645 / @entity1644 and the clinical course quickly precipitated. @entity51 (36.5  %), @entity1576 (29  %), @entity129 (17  %), and @entity1167 (14.5  %) were the most common findings, thus confirming that abrupt onset may have severe and life-threatening consequences. Indeed, sudden or early mortality accounted for 19.5  % of cases. In spite of that, most of the surviving subjects had an excellent outcome following either surgical or medical/rehabilitation treatment. Physiopathology of abrupt onset is attributed to the acute compression of the brainstem/upper cervical spinal cord by ectopic tonsils and syringobulbia/ @entity1644 , frequently precipitated by a minor injury, followed by impairment of medullary baroreceptors and midbrain reticular substance ( @entity1167 , @entity1163 ), medullary chemoreceptors and phrenic nerve nuclei ( @entity1576 ), lower cranial nerve nuclei ( @entity1167 , @entity129 ), and pyramidal tracts ( @entity51 ). About 87  % of @entity1 of this review were asymptomatic prior to their acute onset. The problem of the management of asymptomatic subjects is still open.

title: Abrupt clinical onset of Chiari type I/ XXXX complex: clinical and physiopathological implications.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits', 'Motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: 1. Morphological and physiological aspects of renal function are shared by @entity1 and @entity1707 . SK_F 101926 is a potent antagonist of vasopressin binding to V2 receptors and vasopressin stimulation of @entity1920 cyclase activity in renomedullary membranes from both species. 2. Unexpectedly, SK_F 101926 proved to be an antidiuretic agonist in @entity1 . Hence, we evaluated SK_F 101926 for antidiuretic agonist and antagonist activities in conscious @entity12526 . 3. During water diuresis (Uosm < 230 mOsm/kg @entity2507 ), administration of SK_F 101926 (100 micrograms/kg, i.v.) produced a maximal Uosm of 192 +/- 18 mOsm/kg @entity2507 , a concentration not significantly different from that in vehicle-treated @entity1707 . 4. In hydropenia, SK_F 101926 produced a modest decrease in Uosm, from 945 to 629 mOsm/kg @entity2507 (P < 0.05). 5. In in vitro studies subsequently performed using renomedullary tissue from the same @entity1707 , SK_F 101926 displayed high affinity for V2 receptors (Kbind = 11.8 nM) and high potency to inhibit vasopressin-stimulation of adenylate cyclase (Ki = 3.9 nM). 6. No activity of SK_F 101926 to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity was detected. 7. We conclude that, in spite of its activity in in vitro assays, SK_F 101926 is a weak antidiuretic antagonist in @entity12526 . 8. These results underscore the limited utility of assessments of vasopressin receptor binding and vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in vitro to predict functional antidiuretic activities in vivo.

title: Antagonism of antidiuretic hormone in XXXX ( @entity1707 ).

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

answer: @entity12526 :: (9825,Species) :: ['domestic pigs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Preterm birth is the most important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. It is a @entity66 with different etiologies, including genetic factors. Genetic variability is represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of proteins involved in the contractile activity. We determine the association between SNP @entity60189 in @entity916 associated with @entity600 and @entity397 of membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study of cases ( N=112, 22-36 weeks of gestation; mean: 31, 95% confidence interval 30.7-32.2) and controls ( N=66; 38-40 weeks of gestation from the last menstrual period; mean: 39.8, 95% confidence interval 38.9-39.4) was performed. Genomic DNA was isolated in all @entity1 from peripheral blood. The SNP @entity60189 ( Mbo I) in @entity916 was typified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: A significant difference in the case group for the SNP @entity60189 was observed. The A allele was increased in @entity1 with @entity600 (81% cases vs. 15% control, p<0.0000004). There was also a significant difference between genotypes, mainly an excess of G/A heterozygotes in @entity1 with @entity600 (60% cases vs. 23% controls). The phenotype @entity60189 has odds ratio 6.62 (95% confidence interval 3.14-14.15), which means a high risk of @entity600 / @entity397 of membrane in presence of allele A, both in homozygotes and in heterozygotes. CONCLUSION: Allelic frequency of A of SNP @entity60189 was higher in @entity1 with @entity600 than in @entity1 with normal vaginal delivery and could be considered a risk factor.

title: Association of the polymorphism @entity60189 from the XXXX gene as a risk factor for @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['premature rupture']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['REN']