abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical presentation and treatment of spontaneous rupture of uterine surface veins during late pregnancy after @entity52 ( @entity52 ). DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Medical Unit of Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China. @entity1 (S): A total of 573 pregnancies resulting from @entity52 in our hospital were reviewed for examples of spontaneous rupture of uterine veins. INTERVENTION(S): Data were obtained from medical charts, delivery summaries, and surgical reports in the historical files. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Explorative laparotomy was performed. RESULT(S): Three @entity1 were found experiencing significant @entity548 in the third trimester of pregnancy due to a lesion resulting from @entity46 and @entity4134 . The @entity548 occurred between 29 and 35 weeks of gestation. A major prenatal symptom was severe @entity490 in all of the cases. The @entity158 was not relieved by the application of tocolytics or mild analgesics. Explorative laparotomy, performed in all three cases, revealed the presence of massive @entity548 stemming from subserous uterine veins. @entity5617 occurred in one case. Immediate institution of effective resuscitative measures and early surgical intervention were essential to both fetal and maternal survival. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 undergoing @entity52 treatment may be at increasing risk for @entity548 in the third trimester of pregnancy.

title: Spontaneous rupture of subserous uterine veins during late pregnancy after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal death']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['in vitro fertilization']


abstract: Two experiments were undertaken to study the role of nucleus accumbens @entity935 (DA) in instrumental lever pressing on a @entity400 ( @entity400 ). In the first experiment, the @entity2359 agent @entity2955 was infused directly into the nucleus accumbens to investigate the effects of DA depletion on lever pressing performance. DA depletion had only a modest effect on the total number of lever presses, and there was a significant effect on total lever presses only on the first test day (third day postsurgery). Analyses also were performed on responding across the 45-min session by breaking down the session into three 15-min periods. During the test session on day 3 postsurgery, there was a significant group x time interaction, with DA-depleted @entity35 showing a significant reduction in the numbers of responses in the first 15-min period, but no significant effects over the second or third 15-min period within the session. Although control @entity35 showed a within-session decline in responding, the DA-depleted @entity35 did not. In addition, analysis of interresponse times (IRTs) indicated that accumbens DA depletions produced a slowing of the local rate of responding as indicated by a significant decrease in high rate (i.e., short-duration IRT) responses and an increase in low rate (i.e., long-duration IRT) responses. In a second experiment, the effects of extinction on @entity400 performance were investigated. Unlike the effects of nucleus accumbens DA depletion, extinction produced lower levels of responding throughout the entire test session.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of nucleus accumbens XXXX depletions on continuously reinforced operant responding: contrasts with the effects of extinction.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['continuous reinforcement schedule', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Physical exercise dramatically increases the energy expenditure of animals. In terms of energy substrate, at the onset of exercise, the contribution of @entity3363 to the energy expenditure is relatively predominant, and decreases gradually with the progression of exercise, while fat consumption increases progressively. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is a nucleus in the hypothalamus that regulates whole body energy metabolism via the sympathetic nervous system. Some reports have indicated that noradrenergic projections to the VMH are involved in energy metabolism during exercise. However, it is not clear whether exercise influences the activity of noradrenergic projections to the VMH. We hypothesize that during exercise, noradrenergic neurons projecting to the VMH are activated, and play an important part in enhancing fat oxidation. To test this hypothesis, we used in vivo microdialysis to investigate the effect of exercise on the activity of monoaminergic ( @entity1063 : NA, @entity935 : DA, @entity750 : @entity750 ) neurons projecting to the VMH of @entity35 . @entity35 were subjected to running at 15 m/min (incline 3 degrees) for 60 min. During treadmill running, noradrenergic and dopaminergic activities increased significantly in the VMH. Extracellular @entity750 concentrations in the VMH did not change during treadmill running at the exercise intensity. Given the known effects of NA in the VMH on energy metabolism, our results suggest that the increase in noradrenergic activity in the VMH is related to the enhancement of fat oxidation during exercise.

title: Increased noradrenergic activity in the ventromedial hypothalamus during treadmill running in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To investigate the association between hemoptysis and disease severity and risks of acute exacerbations in @entity1 with @entity4595 . Methods: Between September 2012 and January 2014, we recruited 148 @entity1 (56 males, 92 females, mean age: 44.6 years) with clinically stable @entity4595 , who were classified into hemoptysis group (36 males, 70 females, mean age: 45.6 years) and non-hemoptysis group (20 males, 22 females, mean age: 41.8 years). We inquired the past history, and evaluated chest imaging characteristics, lung function, cough sensitivity assessed using @entity2951 cough challenge tests, and airway @entity32 . We also performed a 1-year follow-up to evaluate whether @entity1 with hemoptysis would have greater risk of having acute exacerbations. Results: In the hemoptysis group, median 24-hour sputum volume was 20.0 ml, median Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) was 7.0, median bronchiectatic lobes was 4.0, median chest CT score was 7.0, the geometric mean for eliciting 5 coughs following @entity2951 cough sensitivity (C5) was 77  mol/L, 67 cases (63%) had cystic @entity4595 and 52 cases (49%) had @entity358 shown on chest CT, and 35 cases (33%) had @entity796 colonization. In the non-hemoptysis group, median 24-hour sputum volume was 5.0 ml, median BSI was 4.0, median bronchiectatic lobes was 3.0, median chest CT score was 5.0, 15 cases (36%) had cystic @entity4595 and 10 cases (24%) had @entity358 , the geometric mean for C5 was 212  mol/L, and 4 cases (10%) had @entity796 colonization. All the above parameters differed significantly between the hemoptysis and the non-hemoptysis group (P<0.05). In the hemoptysis group, 29 @entity1 with @entity358 (27%) had reported the use of intravenous antibiotics, and 44 cases (42%) had at least one hospitalization within the previous 2 years. In the non-hemoptysis group, 8 cases (19.0%) had reported the use of intravenous antibiotics, and 8 cases (19.0%) reported hospitalization within 2 years. A prior history of hemoptysis was associated with a greater risk of experiencing @entity4595 exacerbations during follow-up, after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status and BSI (62 cases in the hemoptysis group, 18 cases in the non-hemoptysis group,   (2)=16.06, P=0.03). In a multivariate model, cystic @entity4595 was the sole risk factor for hemoptysis; 67 cases which accounted for 63% of @entity1 in the hemoptysis group and 15 cases which accounted for 36% of @entity1 in the non-hemoptysis group, odds ratio: 2.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-8.14, P=0.05 . Conclusions: In this study, 72% of @entity4595 @entity1 had experienced hemoptysis, which was associated with the severity of @entity4595 . @entity1 with a prior history of hemoptysis had a greater risk of acute exacerbations during follow-up than those without.

title: [Hemoptysis in adults with XXXX : correlation with disease severity and exacerbation risk].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cavity']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: An 82-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of @entity1163 . @entity9608 was suspected, but an abdominal CT showed no mass. Abdominal angiography showed a slight stain fed from the splenic artery. Arterial stimulation and venous sampling (ASVS) showed an abnormal insulin response only from the splenic artery. Under a provisional diagnosis of @entity9608 , surgical treatment was undertaken. Although no pancreatic masses were palpable, we performed a distal pancreatectomy. Subsequently, a pathological examination revealed @entity11448 . Reported cases of @entity11448 have had common clinical features: postprandial hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 , no abnormal findings in radiological examinations, and the presence of the ductulo-insular complex on histological examination. Surgical resection is recommended, but the extent of surgery is controversial. Our case had some clinical features of @entity9608 but was diagnosed as @entity11448 according to histopathologic criteria. Because ASVS showed that the pancreatic body and tail had a lesion producing insulin abnormally, we performed a distal pancreatectomy to cure the @entity4053 . Clinically, it is very difficult to distinguish @entity9608 . When we treat hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 , ASVS can be an essential examination to decide the extent of pancreatectomy.

title: Treatment of hyperinsulinemic XXXX due to @entity11448 in adults: a case report.

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Insulinoma', 'insulinoma', 'diffuse nesidioblastosis from insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic syncope in the early morning']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Management of unresectable @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) of the nasopharynx is challenging given the high dose required for @entity5 control while respecting dose constraints. We evaluated long-term outcomes and @entity137 in @entity1 with unresectable @entity2347 of the nasopharynx treated with definitive proton beam therapy. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2013, 14 @entity1 with @entity2347 of the nasopharynx were treated. Ninety-three percent had T4 disease. All had involvement of the skull base. Seventy-nine percent and 21% of @entity1 underwent biopsy and endoscopic debulking surgery, respectively. Median dose was 73.8Gy (RBE). Fifty percent of @entity1 received concurrent chemotherapy. Locoregional control and overall survival probabilities were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment @entity137 was scored by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. RESULTS: Median follow-up of surviving @entity1 was 69months. There were 3 local, 1 regional, and 4 distant failures. Median time of local failures was 69months (range: 63-161). All local recurrences were within previous high-dose regions. Four @entity1 developed @entity3 at a median of 30months (range: 4-64). Five-year overall survival was 59%. The most common cause of @entity204 was due to @entity3 . There was one acute grade 3 @entity137 . No @entity1 required @entity5274 or hospitalization. Three @entity1 developed grade 3 or higher late @entity137 . Two of these @entity1 received combined modality treatment. With 176months follow-up, no second @entity5 was observed. CONCLUSION: Proton beam therapy results in promising local control with acceptable @entity137 in @entity1 with unresectable @entity2347 of the nasopharynx. As late recurrence is common, longer follow-up is necessary to confirm our findings.

title: Definitive proton beam therapy for XXXX of the nasopharynx involving the base of skull.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenocystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: The Face-Hand Test is a quick and simple neurological test which can be used to detect @entity347 . It is based on the principle that when light touch stimuli are simultaneously applied to the cheek and the hand, @entity1 with @entity347 frequently report only the face stimulus. In other words, the hand stimulus is frequently extinguished. The test is conducted with the @entity1 ' @entity12938 closed. For clinical purposes, ten consecutive face-hand (e.g., left cheek, right hand) combinations are applied and one point is awarded for each time the @entity1 correctly localizes both stimuli. A score of six or less is considered a positive test. In this study, the Face-Hand Test was performed, by a blind tester, to eighty five admissions to @entity146 inpatient units at the Calgary General Hospital. Subsequently, a chart review was done, by a reviewer unaware of the test scores, and the presence or absence of an @entity347 was ascertained. In this sample, the sensitivity of the test for the detection of @entity347 was 87% and the specificity was 84%. The negative predictive value of the test was 97%, indicating that the test may be quite useful for the purpose of ruling out @entity347 among @entity146 admissions.

title: The face-hand test: a useful addition to the XXXX physical examination.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic mental disorders', 'organic disorders', 'organic mental disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Asthma remains the most common @entity102 in childhood, reportedly affecting up to 25% of @entity1 in Western urban environmental settings. There seems to be a common perception that @entity748 @entity1 have a reduced capacity for exercise. Surprisingly, there is conflicting evidence in the literature in relation to this position. In this review, we present an overview of the literature in which habitual physical activity and fitness levels, including aerobic fitness, of @entity748 and non- @entity748 @entity1 are compared. There is contradictory evidence regarding the aerobic fitness levels of @entity748 @entity1 and adolescents, and it remains unclear whether significant differences exist between @entity748 @entity1 and their non- @entity748 counterparts. There is limited information concerning the relative anaerobic fitness of @entity748 @entity1 and adolescents; however, this is also conflicting. During childhood and adolescence, @entity748 individuals seem to have physical activity levels comparable with those of the normal paediatric population. However, differences in physical activity levels may develop during the time of maturation from adolescence into adulthood. Accordingly, it is not possible to establish a definitive conclusion about the issue in either @entity1 or adults. Further research with well designed methodologies is needed in order to determine whether @entity748 @entity1 and adolescents have different aerobic fitness, anaerobic fitness and physical activity levels when compared with the normal paediatric population.

title: Fitness and physical activity in XXXX with asthma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The need of blood flow to different organs varies rapidly over time which is why there is sophisticated local regulation of blood flow. The term dysregulation simply means that blood flow is not properly adapted to this need. Dysregulative mechanisms can lead to an over- or underperfusion. A steady overperfusion may be less critical for long-term damage. A constant underperfusion, however, can lead to some tissue @entity194 or in extreme situations to @entity1188 . Unstable perfusion (underperfusion followed by reperfusion) leads to oxidative stress. There are a number of causes that lead to @entity455 . @entity262 can be primary or secondary of nature. A secondary dysregulation is due to other @entity792 such as @entity309 , @entity226 , @entity1252 , @entity15 , @entity1960 ulcerosa, or @entity30 . @entity1 with a secondary @entity455 normally have a high level of circulating @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ). This increased level of @entity2232 leads to a @entity551 both in the choroid and the optic nerve head but has little influence on autoregulation. In contrast, primary @entity455 has little influence on baseline ocular blood flow but interferes with autoregulation. This, in turn, leads to unstable @entity26 supply, which seems to be a relevant component in the pathogenesis of @entity1781 .

title: What is the link between XXXX and glaucoma?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['local or systemic vascular dysregulation', 'vascular dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematodes']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohns disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of blood flow']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular dysregulation']


abstract: In order to get a better understanding of expressions of multiple oncogenes and their possible roles in @entity1 hepatocarcinogenesis, 379 cases of liver tissues were investigated immunohistochemically. EGF receptors were immunolocalized mainly in the sinusoidal endothelial cells. They might not take part in the development of @entity157 ( @entity157 ), @entity517 protein was showed to be expressed in @entity5 cells and the hepatocytes in the so-called "large-cell @entity1141 " and in @entity4648 ( @entity4648 ). Its expression was also observed in some zone II hepatocytes of hepatic accini in 21% of normal liver tissues, which indicated that @entity517 expression might also be related to the proliferation of mature hepatocytes. The positivity rate of @entity1722 product was shown to be highest among the oncogenic genes examined in this study. The positivity was observed in small polygonal liver cells (SPLCs) and the hepatocytes were observed in @entity5099 and in @entity4648 . The expression level of @entity1722 oncogene in @entity157 cells was higher significantly than in normal hepatocytes, but lower than in SPLCs, the hepatocytes in @entity5099 and in @entity4648 . We suggest that @entity1722 gene activation may play an important role not only in @entity157 genesis, but also in @entity4648 . @entity5100 ), an oncofetal hepatocellular growth factor, was immunolocalized in the @entity5 cells, SPLCs and the hepatocytes in @entity5099 , which indicated that activation and hyperexpression of @entity5100 gene might be responsible for the prominent proliferation of SPLCs and @entity5099 , a crucial step in @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Expression of @entity517 , @entity1722 , insulin-like growth factor II andepidermal growth factor receptor in hepatitis B, cirrhosis and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of hepatocytes', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['IGF II', 'Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'ductular metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5026 Background: It has been accepted that 5-10% of all @entity43 cases can be attributed to hereditary pathogenic mutations in @entity5 predisposition genes. Consequently genetic testing is mostly offered to those @entity1 who also have a strong family history of relevant @entity5 or specific ancestry. We investigated the frequency and clinical characteristics, including the treatment response to @entity902 therapeutics, of germline @entity6069 pathogenic mutation carriers in a large population-based prospective cohort of Australian @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: @entity1 were ascertained from the Australian @entity43 Study which recruited @entity1 presenting for surgery for @entity43 between 2002-2006. @entity1 were eligible for @entity6069 genotyping if diagnosed with @entity43 . Mucinous histology was excluded from analysis. Full @entity5345 and @entity2674 analysis was done by gene sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Germline status was related to @entity5 features, clinical response and potential familiality in first degree relatives, including incidences of early onset @entity0 . RESULTS: 134 pathogenic germline mutations were identified within the cohort, for an overall mutation frequency of 13.3% in the Australian @entity43 population. 113 (84.3%) mutations were associated with serous histology. 57% of mutation carriers had no evidence of familiality. Mutation carriers were more responsive to primary @entity902 treatment than non-carriers (87.4% had >6 months progression free survival, versus 68.4%), and were more likely to respond to @entity902 upon relapse (86% of mutation positive @entity1 responded to secondary @entity902 after relapsing <6 months after primary @entity902 treatment versus 60% of mutation negative @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Pathogenic @entity6069 mutations are common in invasive @entity43 and are associated with improved overall survival and response to systemic chemotherapy. @entity5345 testing should be implemented for all @entity43 @entity1 as mutation status has important prognostic and therapeutic clinical utility.

title: Germ-line @entity5345 mutations in high-grade @entity43 : A case for routine @entity5345 mutation screening after a diagnosis of invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian Cancer', 'ovarian cancer', 'invasive epithelial ovarian, peritoneal or fallopian tube tumors', 'invasive epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECT: A retrospective study was conducted to reassess the benefit and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in @entity1 with solitary @entity5380 ( @entity5380 ) that bleed repeatedly and are poor candidates for surgical removal. METHODS: Between 1988 and 2005 at the University of Pittsburgh, the authors performed SRS in 103 evaluable @entity1 (57 males and 46 females) with solitary symptomatic @entity5380 . The mean @entity1 age was 39.3 years. Ninety-eight percent of these @entity1 had experienced 2 or more @entity548 associated with new @entity51 . Seventeen @entity1 (16.5%) had undergone attempted resection before radiosurgery. Ninety-three @entity5380 were located in deep brain structures and 10 were in subcortical lobar areas of functional brain importance. The median @entity600 volume was 1.31 ml, and the median @entity5 margin dose was 16 Gy. RESULTS: The follow-up ranged from 2 to 20 years. The @entity548 rate--that is, a new @entity51 associated with imaging evidence of a new @entity548 --before SRS was 32.5%. After SRS 22 @entity548 were observed within 2 years (10.8% @entity548 rate) and 4 @entity548 were observed after 2 years (1.06% @entity548 rate). The risk of @entity548 from a @entity5380 was significantly reduced after radiosurgery (p < 0.0001). Overall, new @entity51 due to adverse radiation effects following SRS developed in 14 @entity1 (13.5%), with most occurring early in our experience. Modifications in technique (treatment volume within the T2-weighted MR imaging-defined margin, use of MR imaging, and dose reduction for @entity5380 in critical brainstem locations) further reduced risks after SRS. CONCLUSIONS: Data in this study provide further evidence that SRS is a relatively safe procedure that reduces the rebleeding rate for @entity5380 located in high-surgical-risk areas of the brain.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for symptomatic solitary XXXX considered high risk for resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['annual hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity5380 :: ('MESH:D020786', 'Disease') :: ['CCM', 'CCMs', 'cerebral cavernous malformations']

answer: @entity5380 :: (MESH:D020786,Disease) :: ['cerebral cavernous malformations']


abstract: Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is known to increase substantially the risk of @entity360 and perforation (UGIB). We have carried out a population-based retrospective case-control study to assess the variation in risk associated with various individual NSAIDs, with adjustment for features of use and other independent risk factors. The study sample comprised 1457 cases of UGIB and 10,000 control subjects identified from general practitioners' computerised records in the UK. The adjusted estimate of relative risk of UGIB associated with current NSAID use was 4.7 (95% CI 3.8-5.7). Previous UGIB was the single most important predictor of UGIB (relative risk 13.5 [10.3-17.7]). For all NSAIDs together, the risk was greater for high doses than for low doses (7.0 [5.2-9.6] vs 2.6 [1.8-3.8]). The estimates of risk associated with the individual NSAIDs varied widely. Users of @entity20545 (23.4 [6.9-79.5]) and @entity5230 (18.0 [8.2-39.6]) had the highest risk of UGIB among the NSAIDs studied. All the other NSAIDs with sufficient data for individual analysis ( @entity5018 , @entity1623 , @entity3522 , @entity7988 , and @entity3352 ) had relative risks similar to that for overall NSAID use. NSAIDS should be used cautiously in @entity1 who have other risk factors for UGIB; these include advanced age, smoking, history of peptic ulcer, and use of oral @entity288 or anticoagulants.

title: Risk of XXXX and perforation associated with individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity20545 :: ('MESH:D001032', 'Chemical') :: ['azapropazone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: @entity263 is a long latency type of @entity5 that usually develops in @entity1 older than 50 years of age. @entity1069 ( @entity1069 ), the @entity5 , progresses to @entity189 over the course of years. Because of the particular features of prostate carcinogenesis, this type of @entity5 may represent a paradigm for @entity5 prevention. Several clinical trials have evaluated the effect of different compounds on @entity263 development, including @entity585 , @entity4259 , @entity270 , and carotenes. Although some results are promising, no conclusive data have been achieved as to recommend any of these compounds as preventive agents. Results from some trials, such as SELECT, where supplementation of @entity4259 and/or @entity270 was used, have been rather disappointing. However, many novel chemopreventive agents that target different @entity5 -related pathways are being developed lately. Appropriate animal models (in particular, genetically modified @entity19 ) are being used to assess the efficacy of these novel compounds. The transgenic @entity420 of the @entity19 prostate ( @entity19989 ) model has been validated as an accurate model to test a variety of preventive agents. @entity670 , @entity11747 , @entity23392 , @entity23393 , @entity12698 , and green tea @entity6398 have been shown to prevent @entity263 development in @entity19989 @entity19 . In conclusion, new chemopreventive compounds which are effective in animal models are likely to be tested soon in clinical trials, with the final @entity263 incidence in @entity1 .

title: Use of @entity19 as models for XXXX chemoprevention.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['goal of reducing prostate cancer', 'prostate tumor', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['PIN', 'Prostate epithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin-E', 'vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['initial malignant lesion', 'tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['Genistein']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity23393 :: ('CHEBI:38666', 'Chemical') :: ['R-flurbiprofen']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Using electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and measurements of intact DNA we have studied the morphology and DNA degradation of @entity1 @entity1778 HL-60 cells undergoing drug initiated apoptosis. Apoptosis was initiated by 100 microM @entity19178 (c3Ado), 25 microM c3Ado plus 1 mM @entity19179 (Hcy) and 100 microM c3Ado plus 5 micrograms/ml cytochalasin B (CB). Two different phenotypes of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), blebbed and non-blebbed, were present in the cultures. Blebbed @entity1358 dominated in cultures exposed to c3Ado, whereas most @entity1358 in cultures treated with c3Ado plus @entity5784 and all the @entity1358 in cultures treated with c3Ado plus CB displayed a non-blebbed phenotype. A more pronounced reduction of the chromatin/cytoplasm ratio, lower volume fractions of uncondensed chromatin and higher volume fractions of highly condensed chromatin (micronuclei) were found in cultures exposed to c3Ado and c3Ado plus Hcy when compared with cultures exposed to c3Ado plus CB. A partial inhibition of c3Ado apoptosis by CB was confirmed by measurements of intact DNA. The inhibitory effect of CB was not reproducible by CE, indicating that CB exerts its effect by an actin independent mechanism. Both blebbed and non-blebbed @entity1358 displayed @entity1949 , segregation of organelles and cytoplasmic vesiculation, suggesting that the differences between the phenotypes were restricted to the cytoplasmic membrane. We were not able to demonstrate the presence of F-actin by @entity2822 - @entity6286 staining in blebbed @entity1358 nor in non-blebbed @entity1358 in cultures treated with c3Ado plus Hcy. Non-blebbed @entity1358 in cultures treated with c3Ado plus CB displayed foci of F-actin at the internal part of the cytoplasmic membrane. This suggests that F-actin is preserved by the mechanism by which CB inhibits blebbing, and may indicate that blebbing of the cytoplasmic membrane during apoptosis is associated with @entity19180 rather than a result of actin- @entity3999 interactions.

title: Morphological modifications of apoptosis in HL-60 cells: effects of homocysteine and cytochalasins on apoptosis initiated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19178 :: ('MESH:C018258', 'Chemical') :: ['3-deazaadenosine']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['nuclear fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity19180 :: ('OMIM:102510', 'Disease') :: ['F-actin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity19179 :: ('MESH:C007957', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine thiolactone']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'apoptotic cells']

answer: @entity19178 :: (MESH:C018258,Chemical) :: ['3-deazaadenosine']


abstract: Intravenous @entity1 -controlled analgesia ( @entity4901 ) is an effective technique to relieve most forms of acute @entity282 . However it is not easy to apply. An adequate training of the nursing staff has been for a safe and successful use in the recovery room and the wards as well. Our study was aimed to assess such a training. The most common errors during training period included the incorrect preparation of syringes and the inadequate use of i.v. lines. Errors in programming were spontaneously rectified by using a special procedure. Specific @entity12761 nurse teams were trained. To optimize the pump use and promote safety and efficacy, special protocols and procedures were devised. @entity4901 is now accepted as a normal nurse procedure. There is no longer any resistance against the introduction of @entity4901 in the wards. Training of nursing staff for the use of @entity4901 devices is essential in order to avoid " @entity1 errors". @entity4901 has become routine for the management of @entity282 .

title: [Training evaluation of the nursing staff in XXXX -controlled analgesia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIM: While older behavioural and pharmacological approaches to preventing relapse to smoking show little efficacy, a recent randomized trial of an extended course of @entity4006 reported positive results. In this secondary analysis, trial data were examined to see whether smokers who manage to achieve abstinence only later in the original course of treatment are more likely to benefit from having the course extended. METHODS: A total of 1208 @entity1 abstinent for at least the last week of 12 weeks' treatment with @entity4006 were randomized to 3 months continued @entity4006 or placebo. Overall, 44% of the 12-week abstainers were abstinent from the target quit date (TQD), while the rest stopped smoking later. We examined the relationship between quit pattern and the @entity4006 versus placebo difference in continuous abstinence rates at week 52 and contributions of baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: With increasing delay in initial quitting, 12-month success rates declined. @entity1 who had their last cigarette at week 11 of open-label treatment had quit rates at 52 weeks of 5.7% compared with 54.9% in those who last smoked in week 1 [odds ratio (OR) 20.3 (6.3, 65.9); P < 0.0001]. @entity1 who failed to initiate abstinence in the first week benefited more from extended treatment than @entity1 continuously abstinent from week 1 [OR 1.7 (1.2, 2.4); P = 0.0015 versus OR 1.1 (0.8, 1.5); P = 0.6995, respectively; with the interaction of the quit pattern with treatment effect reaching borderline significance (P = 0.0494)]. No other @entity1 characteristics were related to treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with smokers who quit smoking on their TQD, those who have an initial delay in achieving sustained abstinence have increased risk of relapse even several months later, and may be more likely to benefit from extended treatment with @entity4006 .

title: XXXX in prevention of relapse to smoking: effect of quit pattern on response to extended treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4006 :: ('MESH:C500838', 'Chemical') :: ['varenicline']

answer: @entity4006 :: (MESH:C500838,Chemical) :: ['Varenicline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of rituximab for various indications in renal transplantation is increasing. However, tolerance and complications associated with rituximab therapy remain controversial. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed severe @entity166 episodes during 2005 to 2007 in 38 renal transplant recipients treated with rituximab as induction therapy or for antibody-mediated rejection and compared this population with 26 highly sensitized renal transplant recipients who received comparable treatment but without rituximab. RESULTS: Mean posttransplant follow-up was 25.5  11.5 and 34.6  16.4 months in the rituximab and control groups, respectively (P=0.01). A total of 84 severe @entity166 episodes occurred in 39 @entity1 (rituximab 55.3% vs. controls 69.2% [NS]). Most frequent were @entity2348 (47.4% vs. 57.7%), followed by @entity364 (10.6% vs. 15.4% and 7.9% vs. 7.7%, respectively), with no statistical difference between groups. Two @entity1 died in each group. Three of these four deaths were related to @entity166 . Biologic parameters were similar in both groups. Serum @entity1011 levels were higher at months 3 and 12 in @entity1 with severe @entity281 , but we found no other difference between @entity1 with or without @entity281 . Specifically, rituximab was not associated with an increased risk of @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: In highly sensitized @entity1 , rituximab therapy is not associated with an increased risk of severe @entity281 .

title: Incidence of XXXX in highly sensitized renal transplant recipients treated by rituximab: a case-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['viral and fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications', 'infectious']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious complications']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This article considers three forms of altruism from both a psychological and a neural perspective, with an emphasis on homologies that can be observed across species and potentially illuminate altruism's evolutionary origins. @entity9892 -based altruism benefits biological relatives and, according to the theory of inclusive fitness, is ultimately beneficial to the altruist from a genetic standpoint. @entity9892 selection adequately explains some altruistic behavior, but it is not applicable to much @entity1 altruism. Little is known about the neural processes that support it, but they may include cortical regions involved in processing autobiographical memory and the identities of familiar others. Reciprocity-based altruism is performed in expectation of future rewards and is supported by dopaminergic cortico-striatal networks that guide behavior according to anticipated rewards. Care-based altruism is aimed at improving the well-being of distressed and vulnerable individuals and is closely linked to empathic concern. This form of altruism is thought to rely on the subcortical neural systems that support parental care, particularly structures densely populated with receptors for the hormones @entity398 and @entity1951 , including the amygdala, stria terminalis, and striatum. The amygdala may be a particularly important convergence point for care-based altruism because of its dual role in responding both to cues that signal infantile vulnerability and those that signal distress. Research on altruism continues to converge across disciplines, but more research linking molecular-level neural processes to altruistic behavior in @entity1 and other species is needed, as is research on how various forms of altruism intersect. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

title: Neural, cognitive, and evolutionary foundations of XXXX altruism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The glycolipids galactosylcerebroside (GalCer), @entity18530 ( @entity18531 ), and @entity18532 (Gb3) were inserted into phospholipid vesicles, consisting of @entity3633 and @entity8558 . The extent to which their @entity1735 head groups protruded beyond the vesicle surface and their interference with membrane approach were examined by determining vesicle susceptibility toward type I Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA1) induced agglutination and @entity141 - and @entity8037 -induced @entity1423 and fusion either in the presence or in the absence of the lectin. The initial agglutination rates increased in the order GalCer much less than LacCer less than Gb3, while a reversed order was obtained for @entity141 - and @entity8037 -induced @entity1423 and fusion, indicating an enhanced steric interference on close approach of bilayers with increasing head group size. The lectin-mediated agglutination rates for LacCer- and Gb3-containing vesicles increased by an order of magnitude when @entity141 was also included in the medium, at a concentration that did not induce @entity1423 per se. Charge neutralization could not account for this observation as the polyvalent cation @entity8037 did not display this synergistic effect with RCA1. Addition of @entity141 to preagglutinated vesicles substantially reduced the threshold cation concentration for fusion (micromolar vs. millimolar). Quantitatively, this concentration decreased with decreasing @entity1735 head group size, indicating that the head group protrusion determined the interbilayer distance within the vesicle aggregate. The distinct behavior of @entity141 vs. @entity8037 on RCA1-induced agglutination on the one hand and fusion on the other indicated that @entity141 regulates the steric orientation of the @entity1735 head group, which appears to be related to its ability to dehydrate the bilayer. As a result, lectin agglutinability becomes enhanced while fusion will be interrupted as the interbilayer distance increases, the threshold head group size being three @entity1735 residues (Gb3). Finally, GalCer-containing vesicles were not agglutinated by RCA1 at ambient temperature, irrespective of the presence of @entity141 . Above 25 degrees C, RCA1 facilitated @entity141 -induced fusion of the vesicles, which was abolished by the haptenic sugar @entity1132 . Since Gb3- and LacCer-containing vesicles displayed a similar behavior, a temperature-induced alteration in the supporting lipid matrix is suggested, which apparently affects lectin/glycolipid interaction.

title: Ricinus communis agglutinin-mediated agglutination and fusion of glycolipid-containing phospholipid vesicles: effect of XXXX head group size, calcium ions, and @entity8037 .

entities_list: @entity18530 :: ('MESH:C009744', 'Chemical') :: ['lactosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity18532 :: ('CHEBI:18313', 'Chemical') :: ['trihexosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although results of cardiac surgery are improving, octogenarians have a higher procedure-related mortality and more complications with increased length of stay in ICU. Consequently, careful evaluation of perioperative risk seems necessary. The aims of our study were to assess and compare the performances of EuroSCORE and CARE score in the prediction of perioperative mortality among octogenarians undergoing aortic valve replacement for @entity472 and to compare these predictive performances with those obtained in younger @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective study included all consecutive @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery in our institution between November 2005 and December 2007. For each @entity1 , risk assessment for mortality was performed using logistic EuroSCORE, additive EuroSCORE and CARE score. The main outcome measure was early postoperative mortality. Predictive performances of these scores were assessed by calibration and discrimination using goodness-of-fit test and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, respectively. RESULTS: During this 2-year period, we studied 2117 @entity1 , among whom 134/211 octogenarians and 335/1906 nonoctogenarians underwent an aortic valve replacement for @entity472 . When considering @entity1 with @entity472 , discrimination was poor in octogenarians and the difference from nonoctogenarians was significant for each score (0.58, 0.59 and 0.56 vs. 0.82, 0.81 and 0.77 for additive EuroSCORE, logistic EuroSCORE and CARE score in octogenarians and nonoctogenarians, respectively, P < 0.05). Moreover, in the whole cohort, logistic EuroSCORE significantly overestimated mortality among octogenarians. CONCLUSION: Predictive performances of these scores are poor in octogenarians undergoing cardiac surgery, especially aortic valve replacement. Risk assessment and therapeutic decisions in octogenarians should not be made with these scoring systems alone.

title: Poor performances of EuroSCORE and CARE score for prediction of perioperative mortality in octogenarians undergoing aortic valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the 75-g oral @entity413 tolerance test and pregnancy outcome after @entity1 's first IVF cycle. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Infertility center at a private tertiary hospital in Taiwan. @entity1 (S): All 280 @entity1 who went through their initial IVF cycle at the hospital between January 2004 and April 2005 were included in the study. INTERVENTION(S): Two hundred eighty @entity1 underwent an oral @entity413 tolerance test before entering an IVF cycle; all pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy complications were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The relationships between glycemic parameters and insulin resistance and IVF pregnancy outcome were determined. Linear regression between birth weight and levels of preconception fasting insulin, 2-hour @entity413 , and 2-hour insulin was performed. RESULT(S): One hundred twenty @entity1 conceived after their initial IVF cycle. Twenty-five of 89 ongoing pregnancies had various complications. The most common pregnancy complication was @entity600 (n = 11). These @entity1 had higher body mass index (23.46 vs. 20.97 kg/m(2)); higher fasting @entity413 (107.36 vs. 95.14 mg/dL), fasting insulin (10.55 vs. 6.20 microIU/mL), and 2-hour @entity413 (120.55 vs. 99.97 mg/dL) levels; and higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (3.43 vs. 1.45) than did @entity1 with full-term pregnancies. Linear regression between birth weight and the fasting @entity413 level and between birth weight and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance had positive correlations. CONCLUSION(S): Before proceeding with IVF, preconception oral @entity413 tolerance testing is suggested, especially in @entity1 with higher body mass index, to help identify groups who are at high risk for @entity600 .

title: Abnormal preconception oral XXXX tolerance test predicts an unfavorable pregnancy outcome after an in vitro fertilization cycle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) among South Asian @entity1 in Britain is limited. In an extension of an earlier study, referrals to the Leicester Adult Eating Disorders Service were examined between 1991 and 2005. All South-Asians presenting to the service were compared on age, gender and diagnosis with non-Asians. Female Asian @entity1 diagnosed as @entity1279 and ED not otherwise specified were compared on a larger number of variables with the same number of non-Asian @entity1 matched for diagnosis. As there were only six Asian @entity1 with @entity1278 they were excluded from this comparison. Only 4.5% of female @entity1 were Asian, as opposed to 13.8% of the local young female population in the most recent UK census. Overall, Asian @entity1 were significantly younger than the non-Asians but did not differ significantly with regard to clinical features or treatment variables. Asians are under-represented amongst @entity1 presenting to the service. The explanation for this remains uncertain. Overall, Asian sufferers who reach secondary specialist services closely resemble non-Asian @entity1 .

title: A comparative study of South Asian and non-Asian referrals to an XXXX service in Leicester, UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'Literature on eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: The involvement of platelets in experimental @entity3 was studied with cloned cell lines derived from PAK 17, a recently induced @entity5954 -induced C57BL/6 @entity19 @entity1492 . Tumor cell-induced @entity1423 and lung colonization assays were used to distinguish three major stable phenotypes among the clones: a low metastatic-low platelet aggregating type, e.g., clone PAK 17.12; a low metastatic-high platelet aggregating type, e.g., clone PAK 17.14; and a high metastatic-high platelet aggregating phenotype, e.g., clone PAK 17.15. Clones with high metastatic but low platelet aggregating potential were not observed in the study. Intravenously injected PAK @entity19 and PAK 17.15 cells, but not PAK 17.12 cells, induced greater than 50% reductions in circulating platelet levels in C57BL/6 @entity19 . Since highly metastatic clone PAK 17.15 cells consistently induced high levels of @entity5 cell-induced @entity1423 regardless of the platelet donor, it was selected to study the relationship between its @entity5 cell-induced @entity1423 and lung colonizing abilities. (a) A 93% decrease in lung colony number resulted in @entity19 injected with 100 micrograms of @entity4770 immediately before injection of clone PAK 17.15 cells. @entity4770 was also able to inhibit, in a dose dependent fashion (0-5 ng), @entity1423 induced by clone PAK 17.15 cells in vitro. (b) A 92% reduction in lung colony number occurred in @entity19 showing marked @entity882 following injection of 100 micrograms of rabbit anti-mouse platelet antibody 24 h before @entity5 cell injection. (c) A greater than 80% reduction in clone PAK 17.15 lung colony number was observed in @entity19 rendered @entity882 by i.v. injection of 0.038 units of neuraminidase 24 h before i.v. injection of 10(5) @entity5 cells. These results suggest that platelets are required for successful lung colonization by clone PAK 17.15 cells. However, the presence in this @entity1492 of high platelet aggregating-poorly metastatic cells, such as clone PAK 17.14, demonstrates that while the ability to aggregate platelets is necessary for successful @entity3 by some @entity5 cells, it is insufficient if @entity5 cells lack other critical properties required for completion of the metastatic cascade.

title: Functional role of platelets in experimental XXXX studied with cloned @entity19 @entity1492 cell variants.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcholanthrene']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity causes an increased blood pressure (BP). This effect may be diminished in communities of African descent. However, the impact of @entity28 on ambulatory or aortic BP, which are enhanced in groups of African ancestry, has not been assessed. We aimed to determine the extent to which @entity28 is related to variations in office, ambulatory and aortic BP in a community sample of African ancestry with a high prevalence of @entity28 . DESIGN AND METHOD: In 1167 randomly selected @entity1 of black South African ancestry >16 years of age (42.5% obese and 45.1% with @entity1144 ), we determined the impact of adiposity indexes on age-related increases in office, ambulatory (n=767) and aortic (n=1141) BP. Aortic BP was determined using radial applanation tonometry and SphygmoCor software. RESULTS: Age was strongly related to all BP values and indexes of @entity209 (p<0.0001). Independent of age, adiposity indexes were associated with insulin resistance, HDL @entity165 , @entity413 and @entity412 concentrations (p<0.0001 for all). However, across the adult lifespan neither office, 24-hour, day, night, nor aortic BP were increased in @entity1 with an increased waist circumference (WC), or body mass index (BMI)(>=30kg/m2) as compared to @entity1 with a normal WC or BMI. Independent of age, WC accounted for only 0 to 1.02% of the variation in office, 24-hour or aortic BP and translated into only a 0.38 to 1.40mm Hg increase in office or 24-hour systolic or diastolic BP for every 15.9 to 16.6cm (1 SD) increase in WC. Neither WC (Odds ratio=1.12, CI=0.78 to 1.61, p=0.54) nor BMI (Odds ratio=1.11, CI=0.78 to 1.58. p=0.55) were associated with @entity101 (38.5%) diagnosed according to 24-hour BP thresholds or the presence of treatment. Independent of age, adiposity indexes were not positively associated with factors that account for age-related increases in BP (aortic pulse wave velocity, and aortic forward and backward wave pressures). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity28 and @entity101 are prevalent in black African communities and @entity28 independently associates with @entity209 , @entity28 plays little role in the pathogenesis of @entity101 in these communities.

title: 7A.07: LIMITED CONTRIBUTION OF OBESITY TO VARIATIONS IN OFFICE, AMBULATORY AND AORTIC BLOOD PRESSURES IN A BLACK AFRICAN COMMUNITY WITH PREVALENT OBESITY AND XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['HYPERTENSION']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Good neurologic outcome after @entity1167 is hard to achieve. Interventions during the resuscitation phase and treatment within the first hours after the event are critical. Experimental evidence suggests that @entity2332 is beneficial, and a number of clinical studies on this subject have been published. OBJECTIVES: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of @entity2332 in @entity1 after @entity1167 . Neurologic outcome, survival and adverse events were our main outcome parameters. We aimed to perform individual @entity1 data analysis if data were available, and to from subgroups according to the @entity1167 situation. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the following databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, 2007 Issue 1); MEDLINE (1971 to January 2007); EMBASE (1987 to January 2007); CINAHL (1988 to January 2007); PASCAL (2000 to January 2007); and BIOSIS (1989 to January 2007). SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of the @entity2332 in @entity1 after @entity1167 without language restrictions. Studies were restricted to adult populations cooled with any cooling method applied within six hours of @entity1167 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Validity measures, the intervention, outcome parameters and additional baseline variables were entered into the database. Meta-analysis was only done for a subset of comparable studies with negligible heterogeneity. For these studies individual @entity1 data were available. MAIN RESULTS: Four trials and one abstract reporting on 481 @entity1 were included in the systematic review. Quality of the included studies was good in three out of five included studies. For the three comparable studies on conventional cooling methods all authors provided individual @entity1 data. With conventional cooling methods @entity1 in the @entity2332 group were more likely to reach a best cerebral performance categories score of one or two (CPC, five point scale; 1=good cerebral performance, to 5= @entity1620 ) during hospital stay (individual @entity1 data; RR, 1.55; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.96) and were more likely to survive to hospital discharge (individual @entity1 data; RR, 1.35; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.65) compared to standard post-resuscitation care. Across all studies there was no significant difference in reported adverse events between @entity2332 and control. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Conventional cooling methods to induce mild @entity2332 seem to improve survival and neurologic outcome after @entity1167 . Our review supports the current best medical practice as recommended by the International Resuscitation Guidelines.

title: Cochrane corner: XXXX for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Prolonged @entity9909 maintenance therapy in kidney allograft recipients is complicated by the development of @entity7009 ( @entity7009 ). METHODS: In 304 de novo renal graft recipients, the association among @entity1140 exposure indices (dose, C(0), AUC(0-12h)), @entity5396 , @entity5322 and @entity1262 polymorphisms, clinical covariables and de novo arteriolar hyalinization as a histologic sign of @entity7009 was examined. RESULTS: @entity1140 C(0) and AUC(0-12h) at 3 and 12 months posttransplantation did not differ between @entity1 with and without @entity7009 . @entity1 who developed @entity7009 more often carried the @entity5396 *1 allele (32.4% versus 15.2%, P = 0.01). Twenty-five percent of recipients with @entity1140 dose requirements exceeding 0.2 mg/kg per day at 3 months posttransplantation developed @entity7009 , whereas 16.2% of @entity1 with dose requirements between 0.10 and 0.20 mg/kg per day and 4.5% of @entity1 who needed less than 0.10 mg/kg per day developed @entity7009 (P < 0.0001). These early differences in @entity1140 dose requirements between recipients with and without @entity7009 persisted during subsequent follow-up. In a Cox proportional hazards analysis, the @entity5396 *1 allele (hazard ratio: 2.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.15-4.92) or @entity1140 dose range (hazard ratio: 2.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.30-3.27) and continued corticosteroid therapy (hazard ratio: 4.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.13-19.98) were independently associated with @entity7009 . A Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated a significant difference in @entity7009 -free survival (93.5% versus 81.8% versus 66.9%; log-rank test: P = 0.0006) between @entity1 with, respectively, @entity1140 dose requirements less than 0.1, 0.1 or greater, less than 0.2, and 0.2 mg/kg per day or greater. More @entity1 with @entity7009 sustained graft loss during follow-up (32.3% versus13.7%, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: High early @entity1140 dose requirements, predominantly but not exclusively encountered in @entity5396 *1 expressers, are associated with the development of @entity9909 -related nephrotoxicity, especially in recipients who continue corticosteroid therapy.

title: @entity1140 dose requirements and @entity5396 genotype and the development of XXXX -associated nephrotoxicity in renal allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity7009 :: ('MESH:D056487', 'Disease') :: ['chronic irreversible drug-induced nephrotoxicity', 'CNIT']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

answer: @entity9909 :: (23523,Gene) :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']


abstract: The @entity1426 (AA) cascade produces eicosanoids, such as @entity2918 (PGs), that regulate physiological and pathological functions. Although various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed, blocking upstream components ( @entity17781 ) of the AA cascade leads to severe side effects, including gastrointestinal @entity1066 and cardiovascular events, respectively, due to the complexity of the AA cascade. Here, using an AA cascade-targeted lipidomics approach, we report that microsomal PGE synthase 1 ( @entity8207 ) plays a key role in @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ). @entity1813 (mainly @entity1672 ) are produced constitutively in the spinal cord of naive @entity19 . However, in @entity792 , the PGE(2) pathway is favored and the PGD(2), PGI(2), and 5-lipoxygenase pathways are attenuated. Furthermore, @entity8207 (-/-) @entity19 showed less severe symptoms of @entity6503 and lower production of @entity636 and @entity60 than @entity8207 (+/+) @entity19 . Expression of PGE(2) receptors ( @entity17782 , @entity17783 , and @entity13947 ) was elevated in @entity792 and correlated with clinical symptoms. Immunohistochemistry on central nervous systems of @entity6503 @entity19 and @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 revealed overt expression of @entity8207 protein in microglia/macrophages. Thus, the @entity8207 -PGE(2)-EPs axis of the AA cascade may exacerbate @entity6503 pathology. Our findings have important implications for the design of therapies for @entity15 .

title: Targeted lipidomics reveals XXXX as a therapeutic target for @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['EAE lesions']

answer: @entity8207 :: (64292(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mPGES-1-PGE2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently identified polymorphisms in @entity2826 -associated herpesvirus ( @entity16102 )-encoded microRNA (miRNA) sequences from clinical subjects. Here, we examine whether any of these may contribute to @entity2826 risk in a European AIDS- @entity2826 case-control study. METHODS: @entity16102 load in peripheral blood was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Samples that had detectable viral loads were used to amplify the 2.8-kb miRNA encoding region plus a 646-bp fragment of the K12/T0.7 gene. Additionally, we characterized an 840-bp fragment of the K1 gene to determine @entity16102 subtypes. RESULTS: @entity16102 DNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 49.6% of case @entity1 and 6.8% of controls, and viral loads tended to be higher in case @entity1 . Sequences from the miRNA-encoding regions were conserved overall, but distinct polymorphisms were detected, some of which occurred in primary miRNAs, pre-miRNAs, or mature miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2826 were more likely to have detectable viral loads than were controls without disease. Despite high conservation in @entity16102 miRNA-encoded sequences, polymorphisms were observed, including some that have been reported elsewhere. Some polymorphisms could affect mature miRNA processing and appear to be associated with @entity2826 risk.

title: @entity2826 ( @entity2826 )-associated herpesvirus microRNA sequence analysis and XXXX risk in a European AIDS- @entity2826 case control study.

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['KS', 'Kaposi sarcoma']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['KS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main objectives of this study were to review the clinic and endoscopic variables of @entity1 with @entity360 ( @entity360 ) due to peptic @entity75 who were evaluated in our hospital during one year, to identify the characteristics associated with a negative evolution of the @entity360 and to analyse the characteristics of those @entity1 who were discharged immediately after the endoscopy was performed. @entity1 AND METHOD: A one-year retrospective analysis of all @entity360 episodes was performed. @entity1 having @entity10189 or erosive @entity3621 / @entity9317 at endoscopy were included. The prognostic value of several clinic, laboratory and endoscopic variables was evaluated. Persistence or recurrence of @entity548 , surgery and mortality were considered as outcome variables (the variable evolution was categorized as negative when any of these was observed). RESULTS: 156 @entity1 were identified, with a mean (SD) age of 61 (17) years. Melena was the most frequent @entity360 presentation (79%). 46% @entity1 had associated diseases and 50% were taking gastroerosive drugs. Duodenal @entity1066 was the commonest cause of @entity360 (52%), followed by @entity2275 (30%). The evolution of @entity360 was negative in 7% cases. Variables associated with a negative evolution in the multivariate analysis were: age, red hematemesis, systolic blood pressure >= 100 mmHg, heart rate >= 100 b.p.m. and a more severe Forrest endoscopic classification. 11% @entity1 were discharged immediately, without complications afterwards. If predictive variables obtained in the multivariate analysis would have been applied, hospitalization would have been avoided in 59 @entity1 (38%) without subsequent complications. CONCLUSIONS: A number of clinic and endoscopic variables ( @entity360 presentation form, blood pressure, heart rate, and Forrest endoscopic classification) with prognostic value have been identified in this study. These variables are easy to obtain and apply in clinical practice, allowing a precise estimate of the @entity360 evolution. Thus, a relatively high number of @entity1 with @entity360 susceptible of ambulatory treatment and management can be reliably identified.

title: [Clinical and endoscopic prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity548 peptic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['UGB', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: AIM: To describe a Polish population with @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) with regard to @entity14398 gene mutations, as well as analyzing demographic and clinical data. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity1561 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were summarized in a database. @entity14399 and @entity14397 mutations of the @entity14398 gene were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lenght polymorphism. RESULTS: The analyzed cohort consisted of 62 homogeneic Caucasian @entity1 , 66.1% @entity1 and 33.9% @entity1 , with a median age of 48 years. The median body mass index was 29.05 kg/m(2). @entity1007 was observed in 74.2% of @entity1 and @entity2298 in 32.2%; 16.1% had @entity6 (DMt2). On liver biopsy, 22.6% of @entity1561 @entity1 were found to have severe @entity82 . There were no differences between frequencies of @entity14398 gene mutations in subgroups of @entity1561 @entity1 with less and more severe liver @entity82 . Obesity, older age, female gender and DMt2 were associated with more advanced @entity82 in this Polish cohort, as well as higher @entity413 level, serum @entity68 and transaminase @entity5906 aminotransferase/ @entity3929 aminotransferase ratio. CONCLUSION: @entity14398 mutations conferred no additional @entity1575 risk in @entity1561 , but higher serum @entity68 was a risk factor for severe @entity409 in @entity1561 , regardless of @entity14398 mutations.

title: @entity1561 and XXXX gene mutations: a Polish study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity14397 :: ('p|SUB|H|63|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H63D']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity14398 :: (3077,Gene) :: ['HFE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity385 treated with @entity1456 (rt-PA) have better outcomes when treated closer to the time of symptom onset and within the 3-hour window. We previously demonstrated the clinical use of TeleBAT, a mobile telemedicine system for @entity64 . We tested the impact of that system on time to treatment for @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: Validity and reliability were tested by comparing neurologic examination scores obtained using our wireless system, which transmits video of a @entity1 from a moving ambulance to desktop computers, with those obtained using the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 training videotape. TeleBAT validity and good interrater reliability were defined a priori as a kappa statistic of r > 0.5. We compared the average time to treatment for our TeleBAT-evaluated intervention group with that for our control group. The intervention group consisted of two actor @entity1 with @entity64 mimicking 12 @entity64 scenarios and evaluated using TeleBAT. The control group consisted of @entity1 with @entity64 evaluated and treated with rt-PA on arrival to the emergency department. Data were analyzed using standard t test. RESULTS: National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale items calculated by the neurologists suggest TeleBAT is valid for assessing @entity1 with @entity64 remotely. Interrater reliability was high: the neurologists gleaned the same information from TeleBAT transmissions. Kappa values for both validity and reliability exceeded 0.5. The mean time to treatment for @entity1 assessed by TeleBAT was 17 +/- 4 minutes compared with 33 +/- 17 minutes for our control group (P = .0033). CONCLUSION: TeleBAT seems to be a valid and reliable means of evaluating @entity51 . Time to treatment was shortened using ambulance transport time to evaluate @entity1 as candidates for thrombolytic therapy. Future studies should use a randomized design with @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Shortening time to XXXX treatment using ambulance telemedicine: TeleBAT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['stroke neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe a range of functional health outcomes in a sample of @entity1164 survivors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Northern California tertiary medical center. SUBJECTS: Sixty-one @entity1164 survivors at least 6 months but not more than 4 years after @entity1167 . Subjects were excluded if they had uncontrolled @entity712 , @entity1459 , other debilitating @entity299 , or evident @entity73 . METHODS: Chart reviews, @entity1 interviews, and a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Survivors reported significantly poorer physical functioning than normal subjects (p < 0.001), although none were limited in self-care. Mental Health Index Scores and subscale scores for psychologic well-being were within established norms. However, mean scores for the psychologic distress subscale were elevated (p < 0.001). Initial work return was 72%. Of the 37 (61%) survivors who were sexually active before their arrests, 78% resumed coitus. Twenty-five survivors reported mild to moderately severe @entity73 . Poor physical functioning was associated with illness severity, change in work status, and increased @entity148 . Psychologic distress was associated with change in work status and poor physical functioning, but not illness severity. CONCLUSIONS: Despite significant decreases in physical functioning and reports of mild to moderately severe @entity73 , only a minority of @entity1164 survivors are severely psychologically distressed. Illness severity is a strong predictor of physical functioning, but its contribution to psychologic distress is indirect, acting largely through the aegis of poor physical functioning and loss of prearrest work status.

title: Long-term physical functioning and psychosocial adjustment in survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in memory or other cognitive skills', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac or concomitant illness']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: @entity64 is the third leading cause of mortality and is one of the leading cause of disability in the world today. Although underused, anticoagulation with @entity1229 is still the treatment of choice for prevention of @entity64 in @entity1 with AF, though @entity548 is clearly increased in the anticoagulated @entity1 . The substantial difficulties associated with @entity1229 use give reasons for the continuing challenge of decision making about antithrombotic therapy. They have led to a search for alternative approaches of @entity64 prophylaxis resulting in a strategy of mechanically sealing the left atrial appendage (LAA) and excluding it from the systemic circulation. A couple of years ago a percutaneous transcatheter transseptal approach to LAA occlusion has become feasible. Since then, valuable technical knowledge and a proof of concept emerged from clinical trials using three different systems. However, also the intervention bears a risk. Thus, identifying those @entity1 who gain the most from either therapy is crucial which, in the first line, means to calculate the risk of @entity64 or @entity548 . Unfortunately, @entity1 with some defined comorbidities are at risk of both, @entity999 or @entity548 . Whether this target group may benefit from LAA occlusion is a matter of this discussion.

title: Treatment strategies for prevention of XXXX in atrial fibrillation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['cardioembolic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of recurrence and examine the clinicopathological factors related to disease- free (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) recurrence. METHODS: One hundred and sixteen @entity14 @entity1 with @entity5 that had been resected curatively in our clinic between 1999 and 2006 were retrospectively evaluated. The parameters evaluated were gender, age, preoperative @entity787 levels, @entity5 localisation, duration of surgery, the units of perioperative blood transfusion, @entity5 differentiation, TNM stages and adjuvant therapies. The presence of preoperative @entity1321 , radical abdominopelvic lymph node (RAPL) dissection and lymphatic, vascular and perineural invasion were also evaluated. RESULTS: With 36.6+/-2 months follow-up, 49 (42%) @entity1 developed local recurrence and/or distant metastases. Twenty-three (19.8%) @entity1 presented with isolated local recurrence. Thirteen of 49 @entity1 with local recurrence were successfully operated with R0 curative resection. The @entity1349 survival rates for those with curatively and palliatively resected recurrences were 29 and 19 months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the factors related to DFS were @entity5 localisation and differentiation, @entity531 , blood transfusion and RAPL dissection. Among these factors, only RAPL dissection was not statistically significant for @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: The factors increasing local recurrence rates of @entity14 should be clearly described. Local and systemic treatment modalities, like preoperative chemoradiotherapy should be planned for @entity1 carrying these risk factors.

title: Characteristics and risk factors for XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II and III disease']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: 1. The effects of inorganic @entity1391 (P(i)) on force, @entity141 -force relationship, ATPase activity, maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) and rate of @entity2701 development were investigated in chemically skinned preparations of smooth muscle from the @entity840 taenia coli. 2. In maximally thiophosphorylated fibres, P(i) in the range 1-40 mM inhibited isometric force, with a reduction of 20% at 20 mM P(i). 3. The relative force was similar at all [ @entity141 ], i.e. the @entity141 -force relationship was not affected, when 20 mM P(i) was present. 4. After photolytic release of @entity855 from caged @entity855 in maximally thiophosphorylated fibres in the presence of 20 mM P(i), @entity2701 rose to a lower level but with a higher rate constant than in the absence of P(i). 5. Inorganic @entity1391 (20 mM) did not affect the @entity855 hydrolysis in fibres activated at intermediate [ @entity141 ] or by maximal thiophosphorylation. 6. Inorganic @entity1391 (20 mM) decreased force but did not influence Vmax in maximally activated fibres. At lower levels of activation by @entity141 , P(i) increased the Vmax and decreased force slightly without affecting the degree of myosin light chain phosphorylation. 7. We conclude that P(i) influences cross-bridge reactions associated with force generation in smooth muscle. These reactions are not rate limiting for cross-bridge turnover under isotonic or isometric conditions in maximally activated smooth muscle fibres, since P(i) did not influence Vmax or the rate of @entity855 turnover. 8. Since P(i) increased Vmax in submaximally activated muscles, we propose that, under these conditions, shortening velocity is rate limited by cross-bridge states, reached early after attachment, which impose a mechanical resistance to shortening.

title: Effects of inorganic @entity1391 on cross-bridge kinetics at different activation levels in skinned XXXX smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: Oral therapy has become first line treatment for @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity323 ( @entity323 ). Studies have shown that @entity7855 may not be effective in all @entity1 , and has been associated with a variety of adverse effects and an adverse interaction with @entity3362 and inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes. The objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of three different oral combinations with the highest dose of @entity7855 in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity323 . Randomized, double blind, unblinded active-controlled, Phase II study was carried out at three sites in Mexico. After a 4-week placebo run-in period, @entity1 received all four of the following treatments using a 4-way cross-over design: 40 mg @entity5521 (PM) +6 mg @entity3826 ( @entity3827 ); 40 mg PM +150 mg @entity3302 ( @entity2786 ); 40 mg PM +6 mg Apo +150 mg Pap (Tricombo); 100 mg @entity7855 (SC). With the exception of @entity7855 tablets, all study medication was blinded. Moderate to severe @entity323 was defined as a less than 50% vaginal penetration success rate during the placebo run-in period. A total of 44 @entity1 were enrolled, of whom 36 completed all four treatment periods. All treatments produced a significant effect in primary efficacy variable (Sexual Encounter Profile) compared to baseline, however, no statistically significant differences were found between treatments. A significant period effect was observed. Also, the four treatments were found not to differ significantly in five out of six secondary efficacy variables. The lowest incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AE) occurred in the 40 mg PM +6 mg Apo group (9.8%), followed by 100 mg SC (15%), and the other two combinations (16.7 and 17.5%, respectively). Nasocongestion and @entity10 were the most frequently reported AE. An oral combination of vasoactive agents may provide an alternative approach to @entity7855 . Based on these results a combination of @entity5521 and @entity3826 warrants further clinical investigation.

title: Combination therapy for @entity323 : a randomized, double blind, unblinded active-controlled, cross-over study of the pharmacodynamics and safety of combined oral formulations of apomorphine hydrochloride, @entity5521 and @entity3302 in XXXX with moderate to severe @entity323 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: We evaluated the in vitro proliferative response to exogenous @entity1356 in terms of tritiated @entity1014 (3H-TdR) incorporation in leukemic cells obtained from 119 @entity1 with various types of @entity3052 . The content of @entity1356 in leukemic cells was measured by enzyme-amplified sensitivity immunoassay. We observed a significant proliferative response to exogenous @entity1356 in leukemic cells from 27/66 @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 , 1/29 @entity1 with @entity981 , 2/3 @entity1 with AUL, 8/12 @entity1 with @entity3052 arising from MDS, 4/7 @entity1 with myeloid crisis of @entity1860 , and 0/4 @entity1 with lymphoid crisis of @entity1860 . Proliferation was marked in @entity2800 cells of a more premature stem cell origin. There were no significant differences in proliferative responses among the different @entity1334 classes of de novo @entity3052 . The @entity1356 content of leukemic cells was low in @entity1 with @entity706 , but there was no significant difference among the various types of @entity2800 . There was no correlation between the proliferative response to exogenous @entity1356 and the @entity1356 content of leukemic cells. When we correlated the proliferative response to exogenous @entity1356 with treatment outcome in @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 , we found the rate of complete remission (CR) to be lower in those with a high proliferative response. We noted a longer duration of CR (p = 0.07) and of survival (p < 0.05) in @entity1 with a low proliferative response. Thus, a high proliferative response to @entity1356 in the cells of @entity3052 @entity1 may indicate a poor prognosis.

title: @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) and XXXX : in vitro proliferative response to @entity1356 , @entity1356 content of leukemic cells and treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia', 'myeloid leukemic']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for @entity674 (GIST) in the esophagogastric junction(EGJ). METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with pathologically confirmed GIST in the EGJ were screened from all the @entity1 undergoing ESD between November 2007 and June 2011. The clinicopathological and postoperative follow up data were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 11 males and 9 females with the age ranging from 29 to 67 years(mean, 54.1 years). The maximum diameter of the lesions ranged from 8 to 20 mm(mean,14.8 mm). Fifteen @entity1 underwent endoscopic submucosal excavation, 4 @entity1 underwent endoscopic full-thickness resection, and 1 @entity1 underwent submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection. The operative time ranged from 15 to 90 min(mean, 47.8 minutes). The estimated @entity190 was 5 to 200 ml. The en bloc resection rate was 100%. Perforations occurred in 4 @entity1 , @entity516 in 3 @entity1 , @entity418 mucosal tear in 1 @entity1 . All the complications were successfully managed with endoscopic intervention and conservative therapy. The post-operative follow up ranged from 3 to 36 months(mean, 13.2 months). No local recurrence or distant @entity3 occurred. CONCLUSION: ESD is a safe and effective procedure for GIST in the EGJ.

title: [Therapeutic value of endoscopic submucosal dissection for XXXX in the esophagogastric junction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of @entity2636 foam in contact with the heel inside a plaster cast to decrease the rate of pressure sores in the population at most risk. BACKGROUND: The rate of pressure sores caused by the plaster cast is reported to be 14-15% in the paediatric population, 33.3% in @entity1 having undergone chemotherapy for @entity5 and 43% in orthopaedic @entity1 who already have sore skin when the cast is applied (grade 1 lesion) to the heel. DESIGN: Controlled clinical trial. METHODS: From November 2007-January 2009, all consecutive subjects requiring lower limb casts having undergone chemotherapy and/or presenting heel soreness received @entity2636 foam in contact with the skin of the heel before applying the cast. The results were compared with those of @entity1 with the same risk factors but were not administered the foam and were enrolled from May 2005-August 2006. RESULTS: In total, 156 @entity1 were enrolled, 85 in the control group and 71 in the experimental group. In the experimental group, 2 of the 56 @entity1 (3.6%) with sore skin developed a pressure sore compared with 21 of 49 (42.9%) in the control group without @entity2636 foam (p < 0.0005). In the experimental group, one of the 24 @entity1 (4.2%) @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy developed a pressure sore compared with 18 of 54 (33.3%) in the control group (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Placing @entity2636 foam in contact with the skin of the heel inside a plaster cast prevents the formation of pressure sores. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study provides evidence that using @entity2636 foam to prevent sores even inside plaster casts in populations at most risk is a simple and cost-effective strategy and decreases the discomfort, @entity158 and risks in these @entity1 .

title: Use of XXXX foam inside plaster casts to prevent the onset of heel sores in the population at risk. A controlled clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumours']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Synovial membrane cells from inflamed joints share morphological and functional properties with malignant mesenchymal cells. @entity379 ( @entity379 ) has antitumor cell activity related to stimulation of 2,3 @entity3035 dioxygenase ( @entity9218 ), a widely distributed @entity2340 catabolizing enzyme. Our objective was to measure synoviocyte @entity9218 production to determine if the varied clinical and in vitro effects of @entity379 on nonmalignant immunocompetent cells might involve a similar mechanism. METHODS: Using an established radioenzymatic assay, we measured @entity9218 activity in suspensions of freshly isolated cells obtained by enzymatic dispersion of @entity1 synovial membrane, and in fresh and longterm (> or = 2 months) cultures of these cells in response to varying concentrations of recombinant @entity1 interferons alpha 2a, beta ser, or gamma. RESULTS: In fresh and in > or = 2 month-old cultures, @entity379 strongly stimulated @entity9218 activity, a corresponding fall in supernatant @entity2340 levels, and an elevation in the supernatant concentration of @entity10594 , @entity2340 's principal metabolite, mRNA for @entity9218 was likewise markedly increased in cells after 4 days' incubation with @entity379 . Staining studies indicated that the @entity9218 producing cells in synovium were not typical macrophages. Interferon beta ser had weak @entity9218 stimulatory activity that was in a few cases additive to that of @entity379 . In no case did interferon beta ser abrogate @entity379 induced @entity9218 activity increases. @entity4020 also had weak stimulatory activity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity379 stimulates @entity9218 production and @entity2340 metabolism in cultured @entity1 synovial cells, and therefore may contribute to this cytokine's in vitro and clinical effects in @entity625 and @entity32 .

title: XXXX induced production of @entity3035 2,3 dioxygenase in cultured @entity1 synovial cells.

entities_list: @entity3035 :: ('CHEBI:28626', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleamine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon alpha 2a']

entities_list: @entity10594 :: ('CHEBI:16946', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenine']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['Interferon gamma']