abstract: PURPOSE: We describe and define the operative techniques, findings and results of laparoscopic ablation of peripelvic @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One male and three female @entity1 , ranging in age from 35 to 59 years, underwent laparoscopic ablation of symptomatic @entity45 . All @entity1 had symptoms of @entity812 and obstruction. One @entity1 had an episode of @entity2885 before detection of the cyst, and 2 @entity1 had concomitant stones within the obstructed system. Cysts ranged in size from 4 to 6 cm. Dissection was uniformly complex because of the depth to which the cyst extended into the renal parenchyma and the overlying renal vessels and collecting system. RESULTS: Operative times ranged from 315 to 390 minutes (mean 338 minutes). The average length of hospital stay was 2.75 days (range 2 to 4 days). Three of 4 @entity1 (75%) had resolution of their symptoms and collecting system obstruction. One @entity1 , the only case of a retroperitoneal approach, had recurrence of her symptoms and cyst 2 months after the operation and required open surgical repair. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ablation of @entity45 is a challenging yet feasible procedure. Because of the medial location of these cysts, a transperitoneal approach may be preferable to retroperitoneal access alone.

title: Laparoscopic ablation of peripelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral flank pain']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['peripelvic cysts']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the late postoperative period after repair of an @entity1580 or dissecting @entity439 , reoperations may be required. The interval to reoperation, size and location of intimal tear, and results of reoperation were evaluated. METHODS: Between January 1982 and April 1997, 138 @entity1 underwent surgery for Stanford type A (90 @entity1 ) or type B (48 @entity1 ) dissections of the aorta. The entire aorta was evaluated in postoperative follow-up by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for 6 months to 15 years. Reoperations were performed in 14 (10.1%) @entity1 with changes in the @entity439 at the site of the initial repair or in the distal aorta. Selective cerebral perfusion or retrograde cerebral perfusion with deep @entity2332 was used in the repair of the ascending, arch, and distal arch @entity439 . Reoperations included aortic root reconstruction (n=3), resection of a @entity2849 (n=1), and replacement of the ascending aorta (n=1), arch (n=5), descending aorta (n=2), thoracoabdominal aorta (n=1), or abdominal aorta (n=1). Secondary reoperations were performed in four @entity1 (replacement of the arch [n=2], thoracoabdominal aorta and abdominal aorta). Consequently two @entity1 had subtotal aortic replacements. The @entity439 were caused by an @entity834 , a new intimal tear following aortic cross-clamping, a second intimal tear in the distal arch or abdominal aorta, and @entity1614 . RESULTS: Two @entity1 (2/18 11.1%) died of @entity548 or low output syndrome. Two @entity1 died of graft infection or prosthetic valve infection 3 months after surgery respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The surgical results of reoperation for type A and B dissections were good. 2) Close postoperative follow-up of the patent false lumen in the entire aorta was necessary. 3) At the initial operation, total resection of the intimal tear in the aortic arch in low-risk @entity1 reduced the risk of reoperation.

title: Reoperation after repair of type A and B dissecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: Subtilisin-like proteases of @entity311 parasite @entity3964 (PfSUB1, 2 and 3) are expressed at late asexual blood stages. PfSUB1 and 2 are considered important drug targets due to their essentiality for parasite blood stages and role in merozoite egress and invasion of erythrocytes. We have earlier shown the in vitro @entity563 protease activity of PfSUB3 and its localization at asexual blood stages. In this study, we attempted to identify the biological substrate(s) of PfSUB3 and found parasite profilin (PfPRF) as a substrate of the protease. Eukaryotic profilins are multifunctional proteins with primary role in regulation of actin filament assembly. PfPRF possesses biochemical features of eukaryotic profilins and its rodent ortholog is essential in blood stages. Profilin from related apicomplexan parasite @entity3204 (TgPRF) is known to be involved in parasite motility, host cell invasion, active egress from host cell, immune evasion and virulence in @entity19 . In this study, mature PfSUB3 proteolysed recombinant PfPRF in a dose-dependent manner in in vitro assays. Recombinant PfPRF was assessed for its proinflammatory activity and found to induce high level of @entity637 and low but significant level of IL-12 from @entity19 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Proteolysis of PfPRF by PfSUB3 is suggestive of the probable role of the protease in the processes of motility, virulence and immune evasion.

title: Proteolytic activity of XXXX subtilisin-like protease 3 on parasite profilin, a multifunctional protein.

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: A two-stage (initiation and promotion) model of chemical transformation of @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts was used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of @entity5 promotion in vitro. C3H10T1/2 cells which had been initiated with a subcarcinogenic dose (0.5 micrograms ml-1) of @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) were isolated after @entity864 ( @entity865 ) treatment lasting 12, 24 or 36 days. These series of partially promoted cells were designated T-12, @entity1 and T-36 cells. T-12 and @entity1 cells exhibited higher anchorage-independent growth on soft agar in the presence of @entity865 than did the initiated or T-36 cells. Cytosolic @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) in the resting state was slightly depleted in @entity1 and T-36 cells. Proteolytic down-regulation of membrane-bound @entity7131 was enhanced in T-12 cells compared with the initiated cells after 3 h of @entity865 treatment. Induction of @entity1639 and @entity1178 proto-oncogene expression increased two- to threefold in T-12 cells. Moreover, the basal level of @entity1639 mRNA progressively increased in T-12, @entity1 and T-36 cells. As compared with other cell types, T-12 cells had the highest AP-1 DNA-binding activity at both the basal level and at 30 min after @entity865 treatment. These results indicate that deregulation of the @entity865 -induced cellular responses occurs in the cells at various stages of @entity5 promotion, and might be associated with transforming processes.

title: Differential induction of @entity1639 and @entity1178 proto-oncogenes and AP-1 activity by XXXX promoter @entity864 in cells at different stages of @entity5 promotion in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Duraplasty is critical to the maintenance of anatomical integrity and the protection of brain tissue. Allotransplantation of cadaveric dura mater was abandoned after it was found to transmit @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ). In this study, the usefulness of a xenogeneic dura mater for dural reconstruction was tested. Twelve @entity235 were randomly assigned to 4 groups. To simulate the condition of @entity1 with brain surface injury, an area of approximately 2 cm x 1.5 cm of the dura mater was removed to create a defect. Xenogeneic dura mater derived from porcine pericardium was trimmed to the shape and size of the defect and sutured to the endogenous dura mater. Muscles at the apex of the skull and scalp were also sutured. Three @entity235 were euthanized at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after implantation and the xenogeneic dura mater and surrounding endogenous tissue were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Three months after implantation, the graft site had begun to heal. Macroscopically, at 6, 9, and 12 months after implantation, the graft had healed completely with the surrounding tissue. No boundary between the graft and surrounding tissue was distinguishable, and the two could not be separated. The graft was smoothly epithelialized and nonadherent to the brain surface. Microscopically, the inner surface of the implant was covered with epithelial cells, and internal capillaries, subepithelial fibrous tissue deposition, and fibroblast proliferation were observed. The xenogeneic dura mater progressively degraded over time. No cysts and no neutrophilic or lymphocytic inflammatory cell response developed between the implant and the recipient @entity75 . The modified xenogeneic dura mater is sufficiently biocompatible to allow epithelialization of its inner surface without adherence to brain tissue. No abnormalities develop in recipients, and the xenograft is gradually biodegraded and replaced by endogenous tissue identical to the endogenous dura mater.

title: A new modified dura mater implant: characteristics in recipient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity1167 associated with reperfusion of the liver allograft in a euvolemic @entity1 is a rare but potentially devastating event. There are few case series describing experience with this complication and no published management protocols guiding treatment. This article is a retrospective case series of @entity1 experiencing post-reperfusion intraoperative @entity1167 between 1997 and 2011. Among 1581 liver transplants, 16 (1%) @entity1 experienced post-reperfusion @entity1167 . Among @entity1 with intraoperative arrests, 14 (88%) @entity1 required open cardiac massage. Seven (44%) were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) when cardiac activity failed to adequately recover. Placement on CPB reversed @entity712 and established a perfusing rhythm in six of seven (86%) recipients, leading to one of seven (14%) intraoperative mortality. Recovery of myocardial function was associated with low early survival with only 3/7 (43%) @entity1 who underwent CPB surviving until discharge. Among all @entity1 who survived the perioperative period, one-yr survival was 70% (N = 7), and five-yr survival was 50% (N = 5). @entity1167 during liver transplantation is associated with a poor prognosis during the perioperative period. In @entity1 who do not recover cardiac activity after standard resuscitative measures, progression to physiologic support with systemic anticoagulation and CPB may allow correction of electrolyte derangements, maintenance of cerebral perfusion, and myocardial recovery.

title: XXXX associated with reperfusion of the liver during transplantation: incidence and proposal for a management algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac pump failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors undertook a Phase II multicenter trial to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity632 and @entity1311 in combination in the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . METHODS: @entity632 (50 mg/m2, bolus) followed by @entity1311 (175 mg/m2 over 3 hours) was administered every 21 days (for a maximum of 10 cycles) as first-line chemotherapy in 77 @entity1 , 41 of whom had received prior adjuvant chemotherapy. Monitoring of cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction[LVEF]) and total @entity632 cumulative dose were included in the study protocol. RESULTS: Grade 4 hematologic @entity137 were @entity1398 (58%) and @entity882 (4%). @entity221 occurred in 9% of @entity1 . Nonhematologic Grade 4 @entity137 was limited to @entity33 (3%). Grade 3 @entity137 were @entity1398 (35%), @entity417 (3%), @entity1665 (93%), @entity1897 (18%), @entity4841 / @entity925 (8%), and @entity33 (9%). No clinical @entity1370 (Grades 3 or 4) occurred. Treatment was discontinued in 5 @entity1 who showed a decrease of LVEF of greater than 15% during therapy. Of 73 @entity1 assessable for response, 15 were complete response, 42 partial response, 15 stable disease, and 1 disease progression; overall response rate being 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67-87). Median follow-up was 22 months. Median time to progression (TP) was 10 months (95% CI, 7-12). Time to progression was poorer in cases with adjuvant @entity4349 therapy than those without adjuvant chemotherapy (7 vs. 12.3 months; P = 0.022), but TP in @entity1 with adjuvant chemotherapy not containing @entity8253 was not different from the cases without adjuvant chemotherapy (8.6 months). Estimated 2-year survival was 51% (standard error, 7%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that the combination of @entity1311 and @entity632 is effective in the treatment of metastatic @entity0 , and that it is well tolerated. No clinical @entity1370 was observed on close cardiac monitoring, and prior adjuvant @entity4349 treatment compromised its efficacy.

title: @entity632 and @entity1311 in advanced XXXX : importance of prior adjuvant @entity4349 therapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: We show here that synaptic transmission to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is mediated principally by excitatory @entity535 receptors and has two components. A fast excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) is mediated by non- @entity143 receptors and a slow EPSC is mediated by @entity143 receptors. Each neuron receives a large synaptic input (calyx of Held) which produces an EPSC with a mean peak conductance of 37 nS. The somatic location of this synapse gives good resolution of the EPSC timecourse with the fast EPSC decaying with a time constant of 1.1 ms (at 25 degrees C). The slow EPSC exhibits a double exponential decay with time constants of 41 ms and 106 ms and is voltage dependent in the presence of extracellular @entity1760 . Other smaller EPSCS mediated by @entity143 and non- @entity143 receptors, and a @entity1026 -sensitive synaptic current, are also present. Although the intrinsic membrane properties of MNTB neurons (Forsythe _ Barnes-Davies (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 251, 143 (1993)), preceding paper) promote high-fidelity transmission, we show that voltage-dependent modulation of synaptic transmission can occur. Given the specialization of the calyx of Held, it seems that the @entity143 -receptor ion channel complex is not primarily serving to potentiate a subthreshold input, but may be involved in the development and maintenance of this exuberant somatic synapse.

title: The binaural auditory pathway: excitatory XXXX receptors mediate dual timecourse excitatory postsynaptic currents in the rat medial nucleus of the trapezoid body.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Our previous studies provided evidence that a 107-kDa major lysosomal membrane glycoprotein termed @entity20350 shuttles between lysosomes and the plasma membrane along the endocytic pathway in @entity35 hepatic cells [Furuno et al. (1989) J. Biochem. 106, 708-716; Furuno et al. (1989) J. Biochem. 106, 717-722]. In the present study, we investigated the movement of a 96-kDa major lysosomal membrane glycoprotein, referred to as @entity50461 , and @entity53979 ( @entity53979 ) in the endocytic membrane transport system of cultured @entity35 hepatocytes. Fab' fragments of anti- @entity50461 and anti- @entity53979 antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were used as probes to analyze quantitatively the transport of these two membrane proteins from the cell surface to lysosomes. After the addition of HRP-anti- @entity50461 and anti- @entity53979 Fab' fragments to the culture medium, the delivery of the antibody conjugates to lysosomes was examined by cell fractionation on a Percoll density gradient. The amount of these HRP tracers in the lysosomal fraction became larger as the period of cell incubation was increased. Km values for uptake of HRP-anti- @entity50461 , and @entity53979 Fab' fragments were 0.74 and 0.62 microM, respectively, which were comparable to that of HRP-anti- @entity20350 Fab' (0.57 microM). The endocytic process of the two HRP-antibodies continued for an extended period in the cells exposed to the protein synthesis inhibitor, @entity1880 . Furthermore, we measured the transit times of HRP-anti- @entity20350 , anti- @entity50461 , and anti- @entity53979 Fab' fragments from the cell surface to lysosomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cycling of two endogenous lysosomal membrane proteins, XXXX , between the cell surface and lysosomes in cultured @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity53979 :: ('24162(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['lysosomal acid phosphatase', 'LAP']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

answer: @entity50461 :: (24944(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['lamp-2 and acid phosphatase']


abstract: Transmigration of @entity1 granulocytes across a basal lamina equivalent was studied in vitro. Transwell inserts were coated with Matrigel, a reconstituted basement membrane. Granulocytes (2x10(6)) were applied to the upper chamber. As chemoattractant @entity687 ( @entity687 ; 25 ng/ml) was added to the lower chamber. After 1 h of migration, cells were counted in the lower chamber. Specific @entity10587 inhibitors of MMPs ( @entity56421 , Ro 31-9790) or of @entity563 proteases (Pefabloc, leupeptin) were added at various concentrations to both chambers before the start of migration. Additional experiments were performed with @entity5843 , a natural inhibitor of MMPs and a monoclonal antibody which specifically blocks the activity of @entity1495 . Migration of granulocytes through Matrigel could not be reduced significantly by any of the MMP inhibitors. A dose-dependent impairment of transmigration was only found with Pefabloc, however, this substance also induced severe morphological changes of the cells. The other inhibitor of @entity563 proteases, leupeptin, did not influence migration at all.

title: Migration of XXXX granulocytes through reconstituted basement membrane is not dependent on @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ).

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha(2)-macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity10587 :: ('CHEBI:24648', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxamate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects of posterior osteotomy and long-segment internal fixation in the treatment of @entity85 and provide the reference for operative treatment. METHODS: From April 2007 to April 2010, 19 older @entity1 with thoracolumbar @entity85 were respectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 7 females with an average age of 62 years (ranged, 58 to 74 years). Among @entity1 , 11 cases were old @entity174 , 3 cases were @entity1691 , and 5 cases were old @entity3083 . According to preoperative Frankel classification, 12 cases were grade E, 4 cases were grade D, 2 cases were C and 1 case was grade B. All @entity1 were treated by posterior osteotomy and long-segment internal fixation and followed up above 1 year. VAS score preoperative, 2 weeks and 1 year after operation, Cobb's angle,n erve function and complication were observed. RESULTS: VAS score preoperative, 2 weeks and 1 year after operation separately was (7.0 +/- 1.2),(1.1 +/= .7) and (1.3 +/- .8); while Cobb's angle separately was (44.1 +/- .9), (10.9 +/- .1) and (11.5 +/- .8); there was significant difference in VAS score and Cobb's angle between preoperative and 2 weeks after operation (P < 0.05) w hile no significant difference between 2 weeks and 1 year after operation (P > 0.05). Eighteen cases met the standard of osseous fusion, 1 case occurred nonunion, but not looseness 1 year after operation. Nerve function: 3 cases changed grade E from 4 cases with grade D, 2 cases with grade C changed to grade D, 1 case with grade B changed to grade CONCLUSION: Posterior osteotomy and long-segment internal fixation for the treatment of @entity85 can receive a good short-time effects.

title: [Posterior osteotomy and long-segment internal fixation for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity', 'senile thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['senile thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity']


abstract: @entity7766 and @entity1942 ( @entity1942 ) are structurally related peptides that primarily function as neurotransmitter and gastrointestinal hormone, respectively. Previous functional and binding data have indicated the existence of at least three distinct receptor types, Y1, Y2, and Y3, for @entity7766 and/or @entity1942 in mammals. We describe here a @entity1 Y1 cDNA clone, hY1-5, isolated from a fetal brain library. The @entity1 Y1 receptor consists of 384 @entity1522 and has seven putative transmembrane domains like other members of the G-protein-coupled superfamily of receptors. In the region spanning the transmembrane domains, the Y1 receptor displays 29% sequence identity to @entity1 tachykinin receptors, but it only shows 21% and 23% homology with proposed @entity291 ( @entity3462 ) and @entity238 (PR4) @entity7766 receptor clones, respectively. Northern blot analysis of a @entity1 @entity521 cell line, SK-N-MC, previously used by many investigators as a model system for studies on the Y1 receptor, revealed a single 3.5-kilobase mRNA species. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated expression also in @entity1 cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, supporting the view that the Y1 receptor is associated with @entity7766 / @entity1942 -evoked vasoconstriction. When expressed in COS1 cells, hY1-5 conferred specific 125I- @entity1942 binding sites with displacement patterns characteristic of the Y1 receptor, i.e. @entity1942 greater than or equal to @entity7766 greater than or equal to [Leu31,Pro34] @entity7766 much greater than NPY2-36 greater than C2NPY greater than pancreatic polypeptide greater than NPY13-36 greater than NPY18-36. Moreover, in the Y1 receptor-transfected COS1 cells, but not in @entity7743 -transfected control cells, @entity7766 and @entity1942 accelerated 45Ca2+ influx and inhibited @entity1928 -stimulated @entity268 accumulation, both phenomena being characteristic of the @entity1 Y1 receptor.

title: Cloning and functional expression of a @entity1 neuropeptide Y/ XXXX receptor of the Y1 type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7766 :: ('4852', 'Gene') :: ['NPY', 'Neuropeptide Y (NPY)']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['type 1 angiotensin II receptor']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1942 :: (5697,Gene) :: ['peptide YY']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare quality of life in @entity1 with and without various @entity63 complications after infrainguinal bypass grafting surgery for @entity432 . METHODS: A sample of @entity1 (n = 746) randomized in the Dutch @entity15662 study (n = 2645), a multicenter trial that compared the effectiveness of oral anticoagulant therapy with @entity117 in the prevention of infrainguinal bypass graft occlusions, was entered in this study. On the basis of clinical outcomes of the trial, the @entity1 were grouped as follows: @entity1 with patent grafts (n = 409); @entity1 with nontreated graft occlusions, subdivided into an asymptomatic group (n = 32) and a symptomatic group (n = 65); @entity1 with subsequent revascularizations (n = 194); @entity1 with amputations (n = 36); and @entity1 with failed secondary revascularizations followed by secondary amputation (n = 38). In case an outcome event occurred, the @entity1 were regrouped accordingly. Every half year, the @entity1 completed a Short Form-36 and a EuroQol questionnaire. A multilevel model was used for repeated measure analysis. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 21 months. The quality of life in @entity1 with nontreated asymptomatic occlusions was roughly similar to the quality of life in @entity1 with patent grafts. @entity1 with symptomatic nontreated occlusions had the lowest outcome with regard to @entity158 as compared with the other groups. Furthermore, physical and social functioning was lower for these @entity1 than for @entity1 with patent grafts. Revascularizations, successful or not, negatively affected @entity158 , social functioning, and physical and emotional role. After successful revascularization, some improvement was observed in @entity158 , physical and social functioning, and general and mental health as compared with the group with nontreated symptomatic occlusions. Amputation deteriorated physical functioning strikingly, especially after failed secondary revascularization. These @entity1 also had the lowest scores of all the groups in the dimensions of social functioning, physical and emotional role, and mental health. EuroQol score showed deterioration of quality of life after all events, except for asymptomatic occlusions. The same patterns emerged if we stratified our analysis according to the indication for the initial operation: claudication or limb salvage. Quality of life was constant over time in all the groups in the observed period. CONCLUSION: Quality of life in @entity1 with asymptomatic occluded grafts is similar to quality of life in @entity1 with patent grafts. Revascularization of symptomatic occluded grafts improves quality of life to a certain extent. Amputation, in particular after failed secondary revascularization, seemed to be the lowest possible outcome. The results of the Short Form-36 and EuroQol measurements were in line with the clinical expectations. The association of disease severity with scores on the instruments supports the construct validity of these outcome measures for an objective assessment of quality of life in controlled studies.

title: Quality of life after infrainguinal bypass grafting surgery. Dutch Bypass Oral Anticoagulants or @entity117 ( XXXX ) Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive vascular disease']

answer: @entity15662 :: (8574,Species) :: ['BOA']


abstract: Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with increased @entity1576 and @entity6314 in @entity1 . Most of the @entity1576 are nonspecific and not severe. However, lower @entity1576 and extra use of bronchodilators may be increased by about one third with exposure to peak levels of @entity1787 in @entity1 with @entity565 . Sensitivity to air pollution does not seem to be determined by the severity of preexisting @entity565 and there is no indication that new cases of @entity565 are induced by @entity1787 exposure. However, hospital and outpatient admissions for @entity1 with preexisting @entity565 may be increased in the range of 20% with acute exposure to ambient @entity1787 peaks and possibly with increased @entity9733 . This indicates a significant impact of acute effects of air pollution on respiratory health in @entity1 , and an increase in the use of medical resources which will vary with the local exposure level and duration. Chronic exposure to increased levels of respirable particles, SO2 and @entity6836 are associated with up to threefold increases in nonspecific @entity1576 such as chronic cough, but not with @entity565 . Exposure to high traffic flow has been found to lead to significant @entity1576 , while no clear effect on the inception of @entity565 has been documented. Although these symptoms are usually not severe, they will contribute to an increased use of pediatric health care facilities. It appears unlikely that long-term exposure to pollutants or irritants is responsible for the secular increase in @entity565 and @entity566 observed in Western countries. Whether exposure to car traffic is a significant risk factor for acute @entity565 or its inception remains to be clarified.

title: Air pollution and XXXX in @entity1 : what is the clinically relevant impact?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in lung function']

entities_list: @entity9733 :: ('MESH:D013458', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms', 'increases in respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to analyze the impact of @entity834 and @entity6177 on @entity5 recurrence and survival in @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity14 . METHODS: Data for @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity694 were retrieved from a prospective @entity14 database. @entity1 with @entity29 , @entity1412 , @entity14 , palliative resection, or perioperative mortality were excluded. @entity1 with postoperative @entity834 or @entity6177 were matched at a 1:2 ratio to @entity1 from the same database who had no leak or abscess. Matched characteristics were age, gender, @entity5 stage, @entity5 histology, and operation occurring within three years of each other. Survival and @entity5 recurrence at five-year follow-up were evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity694 , comparison of the 59 @entity1 with a leak or an abscess with 118 matched controls showed no differences in demographic or treatment characteristics, recurrence, or mortality. In @entity1 with @entity5 , comparison of the 97 @entity1 with a leak or an abscess with 194 matched controls showed that at five-year follow-up the complication group had higher rates of overall mortality (46.8 vs. 28.9, P < 0.01), @entity5 -specific mortality (28.7 percent vs. 18.0 percent, P = 0.03), overall recurrence (28.6 vs. 15.7, P = 0.01) and local recurrence (11.0 percent vs. 5.0 percent, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: @entity834 and @entity6177 were not associated with worsened 5-year survival or recurrence in @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity694 . However, these complications were associated with increased overall and @entity5 -specific mortality and increased overall and local recurrence in @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity5 .

title: The impact of @entity834 and @entity6177 on XXXX -related outcomes after resection for @entity14 : a case control study.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak', 'Anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The pathophysiologic basis for the @entity419 positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) @entity1315 in @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that @entity194 , which is strongly correlated with hippocampal cell loss, is largely responsible for the regional hypometabolism in @entity131 . METHODS: Regions of interest (ROIs) on FDG-PET scanning were determined in the medial, lateral, and posterior temporal lobe, thalamus, and basal ganglia. A right/left asymmetry index for each ROI was calculated. These results were correlated with hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volume ratios. RESULTS: There was no correlation between the magnitudes of the FDG-PET asymmetry index and the MRI volume ratio for the mesial or lateral temporal regions (r = -0.09, r = -0.04). When the right/left asymmetry index was compared with the right/left hippocampal volume ratio, correlations for the mesial temporal ROI (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) and lateral temporal ROI (r = 0.57, p < 0.0005) were found. These, however, simply indicated that both tests accurately reflect the side of the epileptogenic region. The concordance of the side of relative hypometabolism of the FDG-PET with the side of the @entity194 was higher for the mesial temporal region (100%) than for the lateral (77.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The lack of correlation between the magnitudes of the ratios argues against @entity194 and cell loss having a central role in the FDG-PET temporal hypometabolism.

title: XXXX is not a major determinant of regional hypometabolism in @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe hypometabolism']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['Hippocampal atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Therapeutic trials in functional @entity2210 consistently show a substantial placebo response, but there is no clear explanation for such an effect. Our aim was to evaluate symptomatic, gastrointestinal motor, and gastric sensorial responses to placebo treatment in @entity1 with chronic and severe functional @entity2210 who were part of a therapeutic trial. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were treated during 8 wk with placebo (white-colored 8-mm tablets containing cellulose) by mouth, 20 min before breakfast, lunch, and dinner. We quantified the symptomatic response to placebo as a change in global health status, and also as a change in the individual and combined (global symptom index) of a five-symptom complex: upper @entity490 , @entity390 , @entity391 , bloating/fullness, and early satiety. Gastroduodenal motility, during fasting and postprandially, was evaluated by manometry in all @entity1 pretreatment and in 17 @entity1 posttreatment. Gastric sensitivity to distension was evaluated in 18 @entity1 pretreatment and in five @entity1 posttreatment (all of them clinical responders). RESULTS: Placebo treatment produced a striking symptomatic improvement; by 8 wk 80% of the @entity1 reported an improved global health status and their global symptom index markedly decreased (23.9+/-1.3 pretreatment vs 9.1+/-1.2; p < 0.05). Placebo increased the number of gastric phases III starting in the antrum during the fasting period (1.1+/-0.1 vs 1.6+/-0.2; p < 0.05). As a group, no significant changes in @entity1319 were observed after placebo treatment. However, after placebo a significant improvement in the antral @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) was observed in the subset of @entity1 with @entity19789 ( @entity1319 pretreatment: 7.9+/-1.0; @entity1319 posttreatment: 11.7+/-0.4; p < 0.05). Before placebo treatment, @entity1 with functional @entity2210 showed increased sensitivity to stepwise distension of the stomach relative to healthy individuals. After 8 wk of placebo treatment sensitivity to distension remained unchanged, even though @entity1 ' clinical status was markedly improved. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with functional @entity2210 , the symptomatic response to placebo is substantial. Some significant changes were also observed in gastric motility: increase in the gastric phase III number as well as in the postprandial antral @entity1319 in those with hypomotility pretreatment. Remarkably, however, clinical improvement seems to occur independently of detectable changes in gastroduodenal motor activity or gastric @entity56 .

title: Placebo in functional XXXX : symptomatic, gastrointestinal motor, and gastric sensorial responses.

entities_list: @entity19789 :: ('MESH:D020252', 'Disease') :: ['antral hypomotility']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity to distension']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility index', 'MI', 'postprandial gastroduodenal motility']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: LMB-1 (B3-LysPE38) is an immunotoxin composed of the @entity5 -reactive monoclonal antibody B3 and a genetically engineered form of Pseudomonas exotoxin. Monoclonal antibody B3 reacts with a @entity1735 epitope that is found on a number of solid @entity5 (e.g., @entity5344 ) that frequently invade the intrathecal space, causing @entity3554 . The Pseudomonas exotoxin has been engineered to remove the binding domain to eliminate nonspecific binding. A model of @entity1 @entity3554 using @entity35 bearing the @entity1 @entity957 A431 was used for therapeutic studies of immunotoxin LMB-1. Therapy was initiated 3 days after injection of the @entity5 cells, which was one third of the median survival time of untreated @entity35 . A single intrathecal injection of 40 microgram increased median survival from 9 days with saline injection to 16 days (78%, P < 0.001), and a single dose of 200 microgram increased median survival to 25 days (188%, P < 0. 001). Three doses of 40 or 200 microgram given on days 3, 6, and 8 significantly increased the median survival of 9.5 days associated with saline injection to 40.5 days (326% increase) and 33.0 days (247% increase), respectively, with two long-term survivors (191-day survival) in each treatment group. LMB-1 had no therapeutic effect on the treatment of two B3 antigen-negative @entity3554 models. Treatment of the antigen-positive A431 @entity3554 with B3 alone or a nonspecific monoclonal, MOPC, coupled to the engineered Pseudomonas exotoxin produced no survival effects. Nontumor-bearing athymic @entity35 showed no @entity137 with a single dose of either 40 microgram or 200 microgram, or 3 doses of 40 microgram. However, when they were given three doses of 200 microgram, these @entity35 showed @entity353 and @entity16 , and two of eight animals died. These studies indicate that, in the range of the most therapeutically effective dosage, the immunotoxin LMB-1 is tolerated in the intrathecal space and should be considered for @entity1 intrathecal trials.

title: Efficacy of compartmental administration of immunotoxin LMB-1 (B3-LysPE38) in a XXXX model of carcinomatous meningitis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast, ovarian, and lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['loss of neurological function']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic meningitis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare two doses of @entity1138 in reducing haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy. METHODS: 170 eyes of 85 @entity1 enrolled; in each @entity1 one eye randomly assigned to be treated by low dose intraoperative MMC (LDMMC) and other eye by standard dose MMC (SDMMC). Then the @entity1 were followed up to 6 months and refraction, Uncorrected Distant Visual Acuity (UCDVA), Best Corrected Distant Visual Acuity (BCDVA) and haze formation submitted in each postoperative exam. RESULTS: The mean preoperative refraction in LDMMC eyes was -3.08 (SD 1.65) sphere and 0.92 (SD 0.88) cylinder. These values for SDMMC eyes were -3.25 (SD 1.80) sphere and 0.81 (SD 0.84) cylinder. Mean postoperative sphere in LDMMC group was -0.132 (SD 0.503) and -0.138 (SD 0.484) in 3 and 6 months after PRK. These results was -0.041 (SD 0.501) and -0.076 (SD 0.489) for SDMMC group. Mean postoperative cylinder 3 and 6 month after PRK was 0.435 (SD 0.218) and 0.423 (SD 0.255). In LDMMC group and 0.435 (SD 0.247) and 0.426 (SD 0.261) in SDMMC group. In @entity735 in LDMMC group presented with grade 1 score of clinical haze. From these eyes only 2 still had this haze after 6 month. 7 eyes in SDMMC group had grade 1 clinical haze at third month- but no clinical haze was seen at the end of 6(th) month. CONCLUSION: The results of the two doses of @entity1138 were not significant. We suggest to use the lower dose to reduce its side effects.

title: Comparison of standard and low dose intraoperative XXXX in prevention of corneal hazeafter photorefractive keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['third month 14 eyes']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a highly conserved transcription factor presented in all eukaryotic organisms, and is a heterotrimer consisting of three subunits: NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. In @entity958 , these three subunits are encoded by multigene families. The best-studied member of the NF-Y transcription factors is LEAFY COTYLEDON1 ( @entity47899 ), a NF-YB family member, which plays a critical role in embryogenesis and seed maturation. However, the function of most NF-Y genes remains elusive. Here, we report the characterization of four genes in the NF-YA family. We found that a gain-of-function mutant of @entity52297 showed defects in male gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Consistently, overexpression of @entity52297 , 5, 6, and 9 affects male gametogenesis, embryogenesis, seed morphology, and seed germination, with a stronger phenotype when overexpressing @entity52297 and @entity52298 . Moreover, overexpression of these NF-YA genes also causes @entity56 to @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) during seed germination, retarded seedling growth, and late flowering at different degrees. Intriguingly, overexpression of @entity52299 is sufficient to induce the formation of somatic embryos from the vegetative tissues. However, single or double mutants of these NF-YA genes do not have detectable phenotype. Collectively, these results provide evidence that @entity52299 play redundant roles in male gametophyte development, embryogenesis, seed development, and post-germinative growth.

title: XXXX transcription factor genes @entity52299 play redundant roles in male gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and seed development.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An endothelial barrier for the insulin transport from the circulation to the target tissues of insulin has previously been suggested to contribute to insulin resistance. The interstitial insulin concentration (I-insulin) and insulin kinetics following a mixed meal have, however, previously not been characterized in @entity1 adipose tissue. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eight nondiabetic first-degree relatives (FDR) of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 were recruited. Their I-insulin was measured by microdialysis after a test meal with or without oral administration of the insulin secretagogue @entity6347 (120 mg). In parallel, adipose tissue blood flow and lipolysis were measured by @entity8506 -clearance and microdialysis, respectively. RESULTS: The I-insulin increased after the test meal, and this response was more prominent on the day the subjects received the @entity6347 tablet when compared with the day the subjects received the placebo tablet [I-insulin incremental area under the curve (IAUC) @entity6347 7612 +/- 3032 vs. Plac 4682 +/- 2613 pmol L(-1) min; P < 0.05, mean +/- SE]. However, the postprandial I-insulin(max)/P-insulin(max) ratio was similar on the two test days ( @entity6347 : 213 +/- 62 vs. 501 +/- 92 pmol L(-1), I/P-ratio: 0.38 +/- 0.06 and placebo: 159 +/- 39 vs. 410 +/- 74 pmol L(-1), I/P-ratio: 0.36 +/- 0.05). There was no difference in time of onset of insulin action in situ, or responsiveness, when comparing placebo and @entity6347 . CONCLUSIONS: Microdialysis can now be used to measure the I-insulin in @entity1 adipose tissue following a mixed meal. The data also showed that the transendothelial delivery of insulin occurs rapidly, supporting the concept that transcapillary insulin transfer is a nonsaturable process in nondiabetic first-degree relatives of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Postprandial interstitial insulin concentrations in XXXX 2 @entity6 relatives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6347 :: ('MESH:C060142', 'Chemical') :: ['nateglinide']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to report the clinical outcome of acute @entity3225 after @entity231 surgery. DESIGN: The study design is a cohort study. @entity1 : Fourteen eyes of 14 @entity1 with @entity3082 acute @entity86 after exposure to bacteria-contaminated viscoelastic material were studied. INTERVENTION: Three @entity1 with milder clinical presentations were treated without vitrectomy or antibiotics. Eleven @entity1 with more severe @entity281 were treated with vitrectomy as well as intravitreous and topical fortified antibiotics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Final visual acuities were obtained in all 14 study @entity1 . Results of microbiologic studies of aqueous and vitreous specimens from 11 vitrectomized eyes also were analyzed. RESULTS: One @entity1 with late presentation had severe @entity32 and had phthisis bulbi develop with no light perception. The remaining 13 @entity1 had successful resolution of @entity32 after treatment by 1 month of follow-up. Twelve of these 13 @entity1 , including 1 nonvitrectomized @entity1 , had final visual acuities of 20/100 or better at 6 months' follow-up. Six @entity1 , including two @entity1 with nonvitrectomized eyes, had outcomes of 20/40 or better visual acuity. Bacillus species were grown from all 11 (100%) vitreous and 7 (88%) of 8 aqueous specimens obtained from vitrectomized @entity1 , as well as from the contaminated viscoelastic material remaining in the operating room. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative @entity3225 need not result in poor outcome. Results depend on factors including bacterial load, specific bacterial species, timing of treatment, and immune status of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX after @entity231 surgery I: acute presentation and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['Bacillus endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['Epidemic Bacillus endophthalmitis']


abstract: Regulation of @entity1243 production by the hormonal and metabolic milieu is poorly understood. Because @entity1144 is commonly associated with elevated plasma free @entity844 ( @entity6334 ) flux, we examined the effects of augmenting @entity6334 on plasma @entity1243 levels in @entity1 who were lean and of suppressing @entity6334 in @entity1 with @entity1144 . In study 1, nine subjects who were lean, after a 12-hour overnight fast, received either intravenous saline or Intralipid plus heparin to increase the plasma @entity6334 concentration to approximately 1000 mumol/ L. After 3 hours of additional fasting, subjects underwent 3-hour @entity1602 clamps. In study 2, seven subjects with @entity1144 were evaluated by a similar protocol, but lipolysis and plasma @entity6334 flux were instead maximally suppressed by acipimox. In the individuals who were lean, @entity1243 levels were unchanged during clamping. Increasing plasma @entity6334 reduced plasma @entity1243 from 7.66 +/- 0.66 to 7.05 +/- 0.66 (p = 0.03), but 3 hours of @entity4854 plus @entity3190 had no additional effect on @entity1243 levels (7.15 +/- 0.71). Basal @entity1243 levels, 4-fold higher in the subjects with @entity28 , were reduced from 34.6 +/- 2.4 micrograms/L to 32.3 +/- 1.1 micrograms/L (p = 0.004) during the clamp period. When plasma @entity6334 flux was suppressed, however, plasma @entity1243 levels after clamped @entity4854 / @entity3190 were increased to 38.9 +/- 1.2 micrograms/L (p = 0.014 vs. time 0 and 0.001 vs. saline protocol). Changes in @entity1243 concentrations are not correlated with changes in @entity6334 . These results suggest that plasma @entity6334 concentration does not regulate plasma @entity1243 levels in basal, extended fasting, or @entity1602 /hyperinsulinemic states.

title: Relationships of plasma @entity1243 levels to changes in plasma free fatty acids in XXXX who are lean and @entity1 who are abdominally obese.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity21204 , or @entity715 ( @entity715 ) associated with anaerobic @entity281 of the head and neck and frequently complicated by @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ), has historically been described as a disease of young adults. In recent years, an increasing number of case reports of childhood @entity21204 have been published, focusing mostly on the clinical and laboratory findings at disease presentation and the outcomes of @entity281 . Given the potentially life-threatening @entity1031 complications of this disorder, we reviewed our single-institutional experience with pediatric Lemierre's and @entity21204 (LALLS) from within the context of a larger cohort study of @entity715 in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 who were aged from birth to 21 years and had received a diagnosis of @entity715 and @entity21204 at the @entity1 's Hospital (Denver, CO) between 2001 and 2005 were identified for inclusion. Case designation of LALLS required all the following: (1) radiologic confirmation of @entity715 , (2) clinical diagnosis of @entity7551 or other @entity221 , and (3) intraoperative evidence of @entity281 in the head and neck region or radiologic demonstration of @entity358 . Isolation of a causative organism by microbiologic culture of blood, tissue, or purulent fluid was also a necessary diagnostic criterion among @entity1 who had not been treated with antibiotics before culture. A designation of classic @entity21204 was reserved for documented cases of anaerobic @entity281 . @entity1 in whom @entity715 was associated with the presence of an ipsilateral central venous catheter were excluded from the analysis. Analysis included information on underlying medical conditions, microbiologic and radiologic findings, and @entity49 testing results from the time of diagnosis, as well as antimicrobial and anticoagulant therapies administered. In addition, clinical outcomes were evaluated via serial follow-up and included @entity548 complications, @entity715 resolution on serial radiologic studies, symptomatic recurrent @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), and mortality. RESULTS: From January 2001 to January 2005, 9 @entity1 with LALLS were identified. Median age was 15 years (range: 2.5-20 years). Clinical presentation was consistent with septic @entity1151 in 5 cases and @entity326 in 2. @entity49 was present in 100% (7 of 7) of @entity1 tested, consisting principally of antiphospholipid antibodies and elevated factor @entity797 activity. Anticoagulation was given in 89% (8 of 9), for a median duration of 3 months (range: 7 weeks-1 year). After a median follow-up time of 1 year, all @entity1 had survived without recurrent @entity1211 or anticoagulant-associated major @entity548 . @entity715 failed to resolve at 3 to 6 months in 38% of anticoagulated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that LALLS is an emerging pediatric concern with serious acute (eg, septic @entity1151 ) and chronic (eg, persistent vascular occlusion) complications. Septic @entity715 may not be uniquely anaerobic, and the inflammatory prothrombotic state is often characterized by antiphospholipid antibodies and elevated factor @entity797 levels. Early diagnosis and aggressive antimicrobial and antithrombotic therapies in LALLS may be necessary for optimal long-term outcomes.

title: Lemierre's and @entity21204 in @entity1 : survival and XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive hypercoagulability', 'Thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'septic pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'loculated infection']

entities_list: @entity21204 :: ('MESH:D057831', 'Disease') :: ["Lemierre's-like syndromes", "Lemierre's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['jugular vein thrombosis', 'thrombus', 'JVT', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ) is characterized by @entity10 , @entity1829 , @entity227 with elevated cerebral spinal fluid opening pressures on lumbar puncture. Left untreated, this condition can lead to permanent @entity227 . Previous treatment modalities include medical management, therapeutic lumbar puncture and optic nerve sheath fenestration. They have proved to be effective but carry high rates of symptom recurrence or procedural complications. Focal dural venous sinus stenoses have been identified in many @entity1 with @entity5576 , leading to development of treatment through @entity50 and stenting. A review of the literature was performed which identified @entity1 with @entity5576 treated with venous sinus stenting. The procedural data and outcomes are presented. A total of 143 @entity1 with @entity5576 (87% @entity1 , mean age 41.4 years, mean body mass index 31.6 kg/m(2)) treated with venous sinus stenting were included in the analysis. Symptoms at initial presentation included @entity10 (90%), @entity1829 (89%), visual changes (62%) and pulsatile @entity392 (48%). There was a technical success rate of 99% for the stent placement procedure with a @entity532 (6%). At follow-up (mean 22.3 months), 88% of @entity1 experienced improvement in @entity10 , 97% demonstrated improvement or resolution of @entity1829 , 87% experienced improvement or resolution of visual symptoms and 93% had resolution of pulsatile @entity392 . In @entity1 with @entity5576 with focal @entity50 , endovascular stent placement across the stenotic sinus region represents an effective treatment strategy with a high technical success rate and decreased rate of complications compared with treatment modalities currently used.

title: @entity50 stenting for XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual field changes and tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['total of nine complications']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus angioplasty', 'venous sinus stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['IIH', 'Idiopathic intracranial hypertension']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: A selection experiment on @entity249 of Brown Tsaiya @entity4186 after artificial insemination (AI) with pooled @entity22157 semen has been conducted since 1992. The Brown Tsaiya @entity4186 were divided into two lines: a control line (T) with no selection and a selected line (S). The traits measured were the number of eggs set that were laid from Days 2 to 15 after one AI (NES), the number of fertile eggs at candling (NEF), the total number of dead embryos (NED), the @entity249 ( @entity601 ), and the number of hatched mule ducklings (NEH). The selected trait was NEF. Six generations with a total of 2,127 females were measured. The variance components were estimated for each line in a multiple-trait animal model, using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methodology, which yields estimates free of bias caused by selection and inbreeding. Estimates of the heritability and genetic correlation from the two lines were very similar. Heritabilities in the S and T lines, respectively, were 0.14 and 0.10 for NES, 0.30 and 0.26 for NEF, 0.06 and 0.09 for NED, 0.28 and 0.21 for @entity601 , and 0.18 and 0.19 for NEH. High and favorable genetic correlations existed between NEF and @entity601 (0.96 and 0.92), between NEF and NEH (0.86 and 0.91), and between @entity601 and NEH (0.90 and 0.82). The results suggested that selection for NEF could improve the @entity249 , but it could be useful to check the estimates of genetic parameters in a meat-type female @entity4186 .

title: Genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Brown Tsaiya @entity4186 artificially inseminated with semen from XXXX drakes.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['maximum duration of fertility']

answer: @entity22157 :: (8855,Species) :: ['Muscovy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy in lowering blood pressure, and the safety for mother and foetus of an acute @entity3360 therapy in severe @entity1468 . DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: One university hospital obstetric unit. @entity1 : Twenty consecutive adult pre-eclamptic @entity1 with severe @entity101 . INTERVENTION: @entity3360 , 1 microgram/kg per min, was given intravenously to lower the mean arterial pressure (MAP) by at least 15%. Then, the dosage was reduced by 1/3, and the final dosage was determined to maintain MAP at 20-30% below the initial value, by increasing or decreasing the infusion rate by 0.5 mg/h. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity551 (HR) were assessed every 5 min for 1 h. Foetal HR (FHR) was recorded throughout the study period and assessed for Fischer score. Gestational age, Apgar scores, birth weight, capillary filling time and the duration of stay in the paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) were used to evaluate the short-term perinatal outcome. A 15-30% decrease in MAP occurred within 15-20 min in all @entity1 . An increase in HR was noted, and two @entity1 had severe @entity591 . Maternal side effects included @entity1671 , @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity1296 . FHR showed a transient decrease in acceleration episodes and occurrence of decelerations. No @entity3360 -related @entity147 occurred. Four @entity1 born during the study period did well at birth and had a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity3360 therapy can induce severe maternal @entity591 . No severe foetal or neonatal adverse effects occurred. This dose scheme requires comparison with alternative therapeutic options.

title: Intravenous XXXX for severe @entity101 in @entity1468 --effects of an acute treatment on mother and foetus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['foetal distress']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine', 'Nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal MAP and heart rate']

answer: @entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['nicardipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The importance of the lymph node ratio (LNR) after regional lymphadenectomy for @entity320 is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A post hoc analysis was performed for @entity1 after the completion of lymphadenectomy for @entity320 . LNR was calculated as the number of @entity5 -positive nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes. @entity66 -free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and univariate and multivariate analyses with regard to LNR was performed. Comparison of the performance of LNR to other measurements of @entity1600 was performed. RESULTS: A LNR of 0.10 was a significant cutoff point for determining DFS and @entity1349 . On multivariate analysis, LNR >0.10 was an independent predictor of DFS and @entity1349 without other measures of @entity1600 burden. @entity1 with LNR >0.10 had worse DFS and @entity1349 . Absolute counts of @entity5 -positive lymph nodes differentiated survival differences better than LNR. LNR was not a significant predictor of survival in @entity1 with neck or axillary dissections but was for inguinal dissections. In multivariate analysis of alternative nodal measures, LNR was an inferior prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: A LNR >0.10 has a negative prognostic significance when it is the only measurement of @entity1600 considered but is an inferior prognostic factor to alternative measures of @entity1600 .

title: The lymph node ratio has limited prognostic significance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Comparison of disease']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Fifteen cases of generalized peripheral @entity784 in @entity6599 were phenotyped immunologically and morphologically. Using the updated Kiel classification the cases included low-grade and @entity1893 and @entity1893 that had transformed into @entity1893 . In the low-grade group there were seven cases of lymphocytic type, partly corresponding to @entity6444 of T type and to @entity784 in @entity1 . In addition there were four cases of prolymphocytic-lymphocytic type, which show large nodules ("proliferation centres") and which have no equivalent in the Kiel classification. In four cases there was a progression to an @entity706 and in one case to a large cell @entity706 . In addition, three cases of large cell @entity706 without a low-grade component were found. Both the @entity706 and the large cell @entity706 corresponded well with the same types in the Kiel classification. The cases of large cell @entity706 were also CD30 positive. Most of these @entity706 were @entity404 positive, but there were rare cases that were either @entity405 positive, showed both @entity404 and @entity405 positivity or had lost both antigens. Antigens associated with cell activation were often revealed. All but one baboon had antibodies in the blood against the retrovirus @entity37852 ( @entity1619 virus 1), which is very similar to @entity1 @entity1619 virus 1 ( @entity2662 ) in @entity1 . Despite this virological resemblance, the morphology of these @entity784 does not resemble that of the @entity2662 -positive Japanese @entity784 but is like that of the @entity2662 -negative European cases.

title: Morphological characteristics of XXXX in @entity6599 .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukaemia', 'simian T-cell leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'immunoblastic lymphomas', 'anaplastic lymphoma', 'anaplastic lymphomas', 'immunoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'T-zone lymphoma', "T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade lymphomas', 'high-grade lymphomas']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['malignant T-cell lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to better understand the similarities and differences in the motor behaviour of different groups of @entity1 , their scores on the Motor Examination section of the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) were analysed simultaneously. The three groups consisted, respectively, of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) on medication, @entity1 with @entity191 withdrawn from anti- @entity191 medication for at least 12 hours, and @entity1 diagnosed with a specific @entity304 : @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ). METHODS: A total of 669 consecutively sampled @entity1 from three separate hospital-based clinics participated (294 @entity191 on medication; 200 @entity191 off medication: 175 @entity7463 ). The Motor Examination section of the UPDRS was administered by neurologists at the three participating clinics. The @entity1 scores on each item were recorded. To assess similarities and differences among the components of the UPDRS in these samples, we performed simultaneous or multigroup factor analysis on the covariance matrices of the three groups. In addition, it was investigated whether a single model for the Motor Examination section of the UPDRS could be developed which would be valid for all three groups at the same time. RESULTS: A single six-dimensional factor solution was found that fitted all groups, although this was not straightforward due to differences between the @entity400 -at-rest variables. The factors were identified as @entity400 -at-rest, Postural @entity400 , Axial Dysfunctioning, Rigidity, Left @entity2845 and Right @entity2845 . The analysis also pointed to a somewhat lower lateralization in @entity2845 for @entity7463 @entity1 . The groups differed in intensity of @entity73 , especially with respect to @entity400 -at-Rest, but the overall relationships between the variables were shared by the three groups. In addition, apart from the common factor structure evidence of differences in body part-specific and motor-specific variances was found. CONCLUSION: From a clinical point of view, the analyses showed that using the Motor Examination section of the UPDRS is also appropriate for @entity1 with @entity7463 , because the correlational structure of the items is directly comparable to that of @entity191 @entity1 . Methodologically, the analysis of all groups together showed that it is possible to evaluate similarities and differences between factor structures in great detail.

title: Motor function in @entity191 and XXXX : simultaneous factor analysis of a clinical scale in several populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian', "Parkinson's", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['Bradykinesia', 'bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['PSP', 'Progressive Supranuclear Palsy']

answer: @entity7463 :: (MESH:D013494,Disease) :: ['supranuclear palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Tumors of the endocrine pancreas are infrequent, and their malignant behavior is assessed only in the presence of lymph node or hepatic metastases. We present 9 new cases from the past 11 years. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed the clinical records of 9 @entity1 diagnosed of @entity788 , analyzing age, sex, past medical history, symptoms, clinical presentation, laboratory tests, imaging studies, operative findings, pathological diagnosis, mortality, morbidity and hospital stay. RESULTS: There were 5 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , with a mean age of 48.7 years. In 4 @entity1 the @entity5 presented with @entity4053 . Malignant behavior was observed in 2 cases. We discuss the origin and classification of these @entity5 , as well as the best diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSIONS: Endocrine @entity5 of the pancreas affect middle aged @entity1 and @entity1 , presenting with specific signs or symptoms in less than half of the cases. In small @entity5 preoperative or intraoperative localization may be difficult. Most of the lesions are localized in the tail of the pancreas, and malignant behavior is seen in less than 25% of the cases.

title: XXXX . Report of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments and outcomes of perinatal @entity8 . METHODS: The clinical data of one case with @entity8 diagnosed in perinatal stage and the reports of 11 cases seen in the past 15 years searched in Pubmed, OVID and Elsevier and CNKI, Wanfang database by using the @entity8 , @entity1 , perinatal, autosomal recessive and case report as keyword were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity1 was characterized by huge kidneys, severe @entity177 . The kidneys were symmetrically enlarged and highly echogenic by ultrasonographic examination and showed high-signal intensity on T2-weighted images by MRI. Histologic analysis showed @entity358 , numerous dilated and elongated tubular structures in the kidney and dilated intrahepatic biliary ducts. Among the 12 cases, 8 cases' presumptive diagnosis was made by prenatal ultrasound revealed enlarged kidneys and @entity2906 . All cases suffered @entity649 after birth, and 5 cases complicated pneumothorax. 6 cases died in neonatal stage because of @entity1576 .1 case died 2 m after birth because of @entity177 . Five cases are alive and underwent dialysis, nephrectomy or renal transplant. CONCLUSION: Newborn @entity1 with perinatal @entity8 often have poor outcome and died from respiratory and @entity177 . Aggressive respiratory support and renal replacement therapy (including nephrectomy, dialysis and transplantation) may give these @entity1 a favorable outcome.

title: [ XXXX : a case report and literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease', 'infantile polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'respiratory and renal compromise']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Infantile polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: Recent electrophysiologic studies have focussed attention on the @entity8019 ( @entity8019 ) and its myeloneuropathic variant. No organized studies are, however, yet available on its relatively recently described neonatal variant. We conducted electroencephalographic, electroretinographic and evoked response studies in 2 @entity1 with @entity8019 . In one @entity1 , an @entity1 , initial EEG, hypsarrhythmic in waking and somewhat periodic in sleep, showed dramatic improvement on ACTH therapy accompanied with a @entity410 -free status. The EEG and clinical improvement, however, were temporary. No improvement occurred following @entity2764 therapy. Her electroretinogram (ERG), visual evoked responses (VERs) and far-field short latency brain-stem auditory evoked responses were also abnormal. The latter studies probably reflected photoreceptor degeneration, optic nerve involvement, cochlear and/or auditory nerve involvement respectively in @entity8019 . The other @entity1 , a 3.5-year-old @entity1 , also had an EEG characterized by a moderate- to high-amplitude slow background activity and high-amplitude multifocal, generalized or periodic paroxysmal discharges, but presence of some better formed theta frequencies in background activity precluded a hypsarrhythmic label on her EEG. Her ERGs and VERs were totally extinct but in contrast to the first @entity1 , she had clear-cut @entity1952 and @entity6391 on ophthalmological examination.

title: Electrophysiologic studies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity8019 :: ('MESH:D000326', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy', 'neonatal ALD']

answer: @entity8019 :: (MESH:D000326,Disease) :: ['neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy']


abstract: @entity1315 is related to many structural and physiological changes in the brain. We used @entity4176 in @entity35 as an animal model of @entity1315 , and studied the neural interactions of the dentate gyrus in @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 in vivo. Our initial hypothesis was that sprouting of mossy fibers, the axons of the granule cells, increases proximal dendritic excitatory currents in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Extracellular currents were detected in vivo using current source density analysis. Backfiring the mossy fibers in @entity1251 or orthodromic excitation of the granule cells through the medial perforant path induced a current sink at the inner molecular layer. However, the sink or inferred excitation at the inner molecular layer was not increased in @entity4176 -treated @entity35 and the sink actually correlated negatively with the degree of mossy fiber sprouting. It is inferred that the latter sink was mediated mainly by association fibers and not by recurrent mossy fibers. After @entity4176 treatment, paired-pulse inhibition of the population spikes in the dentate gyrus was increased. In contrast, reverberant activity that involved looping around an entorhinal-hippocampal circuit was increased in @entity4176 -treated @entity35 , compared to control @entity35 . The increase of inhibition in @entity4176 -treated @entity35 was readily blocked by a small dose of @entity1246 (A) receptor antagonist @entity1027 . The latter dose of @entity1027 induced paroxsymal spike bursts in @entity4176 -treated but not control @entity35 , demonstrating that the increased inhibition in dentate gyrus was fragile. In conclusion, after @entity4176 induced @entity410 , the dentate gyrus in vivo showed an increase in inhibition that appeared to be fragile. The hypothesized increase in proximal @entity2343 due to mossy fiber sprouting was not detected. However, the fragile inhibition could explain the @entity410 susceptibility in @entity1 with @entity1315 .

title: Enhanced but fragile inhibition in the dentate gyrus in vivo in the @entity4176 model of XXXX : a study using current source density analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy', 'Temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic excitation']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound angiography was performed to diagnose carotid artery @entity731 . Thirty-five @entity1 (15 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ) with a history of @entity66 were examined using conventional color-coded Doppler ultrasound and 3D ultrasound angiography. @entity543 was initially diagnosed using continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. To determine intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities, 21 @entity1 were evaluated using 3D ultrasound on three occasions. Sixty-five percent of @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity850 of more than 50%. Twenty-two percent of plaques had a smooth surface, 72.9% were ulcerated, and 5.1% were indeterminate. Data collection for 3D imaging required 5 minutes per @entity1 , whereas image processing and plaque volume quantification required 30 minutes. Plaque volume ranged from 0.053 to 0.685 ml. The intraobserver and interobserver variabilities were 4.16 and 5.87%, respectively (r = 0.96, p < 0.0001; r = 0.89, p < 0.0001). 3D Color Doppler and 3D ultrasound angiography assessments of plaque volume differed by 8.5%. Plaques were more precisely differentiated using 3D ultrasound, and plaque volume quantification was less affected by echo shadowing after 3D reconstruction. In comparison to other techniques for the quantification of @entity731 . 3D ultrasound angiography offers a more precise quantitative method for prospective, clinical studies of @entity731 .

title: Three-dimensional ultrasound angiography (power mode) for the quantification of carotid artery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['Carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity1911 are @entity2922 -secreting @entity5 that result from mutations of at least six different genes as components of distinct @entity74 . However, there remain familial occurrences of @entity1911 without a known @entity74 . We describe here a @entity8879 consistent with digenic inheritance identified through a combination of global genomics strategies. Multipoint parametric linkage analysis revealed identical LOD scores of 2.97 for chromosome 2cen and 16p13 loci. A two-locus parametric linkage analysis produced maximum LOD score of 5.16 under a double recessive multiplicative model, suggesting that both loci are required to develop the disease. Allele-specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected only at the chromosome 2 locus in all @entity5 from this family, consistent with a @entity5 suppressor gene. Four additional @entity1911 with a similar genetic pattern were identified through transcription profiling and helped refine the chromosome 2 locus. High-density LOH mapping with single nucleotide polymorphism-based array identified a total of 18 of 62 @entity1911 with LOH within the chromosome 2 region, which further narrowed down the locus to <2 cM. This finding provides evidence for two novel susceptibility loci for @entity1911 and adds a recessive digenic trait to the increasingly broad genetic heterogeneity of these @entity5 . Similarly, complex traits may also be involved in other @entity5 .

title: Novel XXXX susceptibility loci identified by integrative genomics.

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas', 'Pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'familial cancer syndromes', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorders', 'genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity8879 :: ('MESH:C531777', 'Disease') :: ['familial pheochromocytoma syndrome']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: In order to clarify the mechanism of action of recombinant @entity1 leucocyte interferon, the effect of local injection of it to the @entity1 @entity11 (one @entity3271 , the other @entity463 ) transplanted into @entity19 were evaluated. The volume of the @entity5 were calculated as 1/2 (short diameter [cm])2 x (long diameter[cm]). And the ratio of @entity5 volume (T)/original size (C) were calculated in terms of experimental day. Among the groups of control (vehicle of IFN injected), 1 million units of IFN locally injected group, 3 million units injected group, and 9 million units injected group, the effects of the treatment were statistically evaluated in terms of T/C. At the end of the experiment, each animal was injected 4 mg of @entity1603 intraperitoneally, and the labeling indices of the @entity5 tissue were measured and compared among the groups above mentioned. Local injection of IFN to the @entity5 was effective even at the dose of 1 million units every other day for 16 days for @entity463 and 50 days for @entity3271 . The labeling index of the treated groups was significantly reduced when compared to that of control group in both @entity5 . And the experiment was performed to evaluate the variation of NK activity and ADCC activity of @entity19 spleen cells among the experimental groups. For the @entity3271 , NK activities were significantly increased in the 9 million units of IFN injected group when compared to those of control group. For @entity463 , there was no definite variation of NK and ADCC activities among the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The effect of local injection of interferon against @entity1 XXXX transplanted into @entity19 and the mechanism of its effect].

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: A pathogenic role of @entity842 has been suggested in acute and chronic @entity32 . We took the opportunity offered by studies in @entity1 with excluded colon, which represents a model of chronic @entity32 with no exogenous @entity3542 or @entity1507 supply, to evaluate the quantity and the quality of @entity1507 reducers in @entity1960 . Thirty @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 , mean age 45 years) having an excluded colon for various reasons were sampled by rectal swabs and compared to 30 healthy controls (11 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 , mean age 28 years). The percentage of @entity1507 -reducers among the total count of subcultured bacteria was 46 +/- 41% (mean +/- SD) in @entity1 with @entity1960 as compared to 19 +/- 24% in healthy controls. This difference was significant (P < 0.05) despite great heterogeneity in individual values. In @entity1 with @entity1960 , 75/254 (29.5%) different isolated bacterial strains were @entity1507 -reducers as compared to 61/294 (21%) (P < 0.05) in controls. Among the 75 @entity1507 -reducing strains isolated from @entity1 with @entity1960 , 55 were aerobes. Pseudomonas species were only encountered in this population. The predominant group was enterobacteria with a high isolation rate of species belonging to the genera @entity795 , Providencia, and Morganella. In healthy controls @entity1507 -reducing anaerobes were nearly as frequent as aerobes. The most frequent species was @entity45076 , followed by @entity3168 . It could be suggested that @entity842 synthase might produce a bacterial substrate increasing the growth of bacteria with a high pathogenic potential, creating conditions for chronic @entity32 and infection in @entity1 with excluded colon.

title: @entity1507 -reducing bacteria in XXXX : a clue to @entity32 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['diversion colitis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity45076 :: ('84112', 'Species') :: ['Eubacterium lentum']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['diversion colitis']


abstract: Muscarinic receptor stimulation elicits a redistribution of @entity13609 ( @entity13609 ) from the membrane fraction to cytosol in the @entity1 @entity521 cell line SK-N-SH. Increasing the intracellular @entity141 concentration with @entity1360 also elevates cytosolic @entity13609 . The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of extracellular and intracellular @entity141 pools in the muscarinic receptor-mediated increases in cytosolic @entity13609 in SK-N-SH cells. Stimulus-mediated changes in intracellular @entity141 were monitored in @entity593 -loaded cells, and @entity13609 was measured by radioimmunoassay in the 100,000-g cytosol and membrane fractions. The influx of extracellular @entity141 normally seen with @entity5402 treatment in SK-N-SH cells was eliminated by pretreatment with the nonspecific @entity141 channel blocker @entity3411 . Blocking the influx of extracellular @entity141 had no effect on @entity5402 -mediated increases in cytosolic @entity13609 (168 +/- 18% of control values for @entity5402 treatment alone vs. 163 +/- 28% for @entity3411 and @entity5402 ) or decreases in membrane @entity13609 . Similarly, removal of extracellular @entity141 from the medium did not affect @entity5402 -mediated increases in cytosolic @entity13609 (168 +/- 26% of control). On the other hand, prevention of the @entity5402 -mediated increase of intracellular free @entity141 by pretreatment with the cell-permeant @entity141 chelator @entity18650 /AM did attenuate the @entity5402 -mediated increase in cytosolic @entity13609 (221 +/- 37% of control without @entity18650 /AM vs. 136 +/- 13% with @entity18650 /AM). The effect of direct entry of extracellular @entity141 into the cell by K+ depolarization was assessed. Incubation of SK-N-SH cells with 60 mM K+ elicited an immediate and persistent increase in intracellular free @entity141 concentration, but there was no corresponding alteration in @entity13609 localization. On the contrary, in cells where intracellular @entity141 was directly elevated by @entity2426 treatment, cytosolic @entity13609 was elevated for at least 30 min while particulate @entity13609 was decreased. In addition, treatment with @entity1360 in the absence of extracellular @entity141 , which releases @entity141 from intracellular stores, induced an increase in cytosolic @entity13609 (203 +/- 30% of control). The mechanism for the @entity13609 release may involve activation of the alpha isozyme of protein kinase C, which was translocated from cytosol to membranes much more profoundly by @entity2426 than by K+ depolarization. These data demonstrate that release of @entity141 from the intracellular store is important for the @entity5402 -mediated redistribution of @entity13609 in @entity1 @entity521 SK-N-SH cells.

title: Cytosolic XXXX is increased in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells due to release of calcium from intracellular stores.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity13609 :: (808,Gene) :: ['calmodulin']


abstract: We examined stools from 40 @entity1 with persistent @entity294 (duration, 14 days or more), from 50 @entity1 with acute @entity294 and from 38 control @entity1 to determine infectious etiologies for persistent @entity294 in @entity34309 , an urban favela (slum) in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. @entity1 with persistent @entity294 and @entity1 with acute @entity294 had similar rates of isolation of routine viral, bacterial and parasitic enteric pathogens. Routine pathogens were identified in at least 20% of cultures done more than 14 days into the @entity5163 . We examined @entity526 isolated from these stools for adherence potential. Enteroaggregative @entity526 were isolated significantly more often from @entity1 with persistent @entity294 than from control @entity1 or @entity1 with acute @entity294 (P less than 0.05). @entity526 with hemagglutination patterns suggestive of adherence pili were also isolated more often from @entity1 with persistent @entity294 than from @entity1 with acute @entity294 (38% vs. 18%; P less than 0.05). Enterotoxigenic @entity526 were isolated in combination with rotavirus more often from @entity1 with persistent @entity294 than from @entity1 with acute @entity294 . @entity526 which were hydrophobic or exhibited hemagglutination were also seen more often in association with Giardia in @entity1 with persistent @entity294 . These findings suggest that the etiology of persistent @entity294 in @entity1 is complex and that the aggregative @entity526 are associated with prolonged @entity5163 . Although routine diarrheal pathogens may be present for more than 14 days, combinations of pathogens, including @entity526 with adherence potential, may also contribute to prolonged @entity5163 .

title: Potential role of adherence traits of @entity526 in persistent XXXX in an urban Brazilian slum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity34309 :: ('MESH:C538277', 'Disease') :: ['Goncalves Dias']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal illness', 'diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: Pregnancy losses from gram negative @entity2348 could be caused by direct effects of @entity558 on placental cells, or indirectly via @entity558 activation of macrophages in the uteroplacental unit. To evaluate those alternatives, @entity558 , @entity558 -activated peritoneal cells, conditioned medium from @entity558 -activated peritoneal cells, and some purified and recombinant molecules known to be secreted by activated macrophages were tested for their abilities to modify DNA synthesis by @entity35 trophoblast cells. Three trophoblast cell lines derived from midgestation placentas of outbred and inbred @entity35 were used for the experiments. Although the 80-kDa @entity558 -binding protein was demonstrated on trophoblast cells, @entity558 alone had no effect on the ability of trophoblast cells to synthesize DNA. In cocultures, trophoblast cell DNA synthesis was slightly enhanced by low concentrations of both unstimulated and @entity558 -activated peritoneal cells. At higher concentrations, @entity558 -activated cells caused significant inhibition of DNA synthesis by trophoblast cells. Conditioned media from @entity558 -activated peritoneal cells were highly inhibitory to trophoblast cell DNA synthesis. When specific molecules likely to be components of those media were tested, IL-1 was found to have a modest but reproducible stimulatory effect and @entity1421 did not change trophoblast cell incorporation of @entity665 . In contrast, trophoblast cell DNA synthesis was markedly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by both @entity1505 and @entity1810 . No differences in the sensitivity of trophoblast cells from outbred and inbred @entity35 were observed. Given the limitations of the experimental model system, the results suggest that in cases of @entity281 by gram-negative bacteria @entity558 may have an adverse effect on pregnancy by stimulating resident macrophages to generate and release molecules that are inhibitory to trophoblast cell DNA synthesis.

title: Products of lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta) but not lipopolysaccharide modify DNA synthesis by XXXX trophoblast cells exhibiting the 80-kDa lipopolysaccharide-binding protein.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']