abstract: We have previously prepared beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG)- @entity5070 dextran (CMD) conjugates with water-soluble @entity26408 and achieved reduced immunogenicity of beta-LG. In the present study, to elucidate the mechanism for the reduced immunogenicity of beta-LG, we investigated changes in the T cell response to beta-LG after conjugation with CMDs differing in molecular weight (about 40 and 162 kDa). Lymph node cells from BALB/c, C3H/He, and C57BL/6 @entity19 that had been immunized with beta-LG or the conjugates were stimulated with beta-LG, and the in vivo T cell response was then evaluated by @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) ELISA as the ex vivo proliferative response. T cells from the conjugate-immunized @entity19 showed a lower proliferative response than those from the beta-LG-immunized @entity19 . T cell epitope scanning, using synthesized peptides, showed that the T cell epitope profiles of the conjugates were similar to those of beta-LG, whereas the proliferative response to each epitope was reduced. These results indicate that the lower in vivo T cell response with the conjugates was not due to induction of conjugate-specific T cells, but due to a decrease in the number of beta-LG-specific T cells. After the lymph node cells from beta-LG-immunized @entity19 had been stimulated with beta-LG or the conjugates, the efficiency of the antigen presentation of the conjugate to beta-LG-specific T cells was evaluated by @entity1603 ELISA as the in vitro proliferative response. The antigen presentation of beta-LG to the T cells was reduced by conjugation with CMD. In addition, conjugation with CMD enhanced the resistance of beta-LG to @entity19292 and @entity43005 , which suggest that conjugation with CMD inhibited the degradation of beta-LG by proteases in @entity1412 and led to suppression of the generation of antigenic peptides including T cell epitopes from beta-LG. It is therefore considered that the suppressive effect on the generation of T cell epitopes reduced the antigen presentation of the conjugates and that this reduction led to a decrease in the number of beta-LG-specific T cells in vivo. As a result, the decreased help to B cells by T cells would have reduced the antibody response to beta-LG. We conclude that suppression of the generation of T cell epitopes by conjugation with CMD is important to the mechanism for the reduced immunogenicity of beta-LG.

title: Modulation of the T cell response to beta-lactoglobulin by conjugation with XXXX dextran.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity26408 :: ('CHEBI:53091', 'Chemical') :: ['carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

answer: @entity5070 :: (CHEBI:41402,Chemical) :: ['carboxymethyl']


abstract: We report herein a case of resolution of severe @entity14873 , possibly caused by @entity1409 during follow-up on a prenatal ultrasound. A 32-year-old @entity1 presented at gestational week 15 for evaluation of fetal @entity1494 . Prenatal ultrasonography revealed @entity14873 and posterior @entity384 . The longitudinal diameter of the bladder was 25 mm. Megacystis spontaneously resolved at gestational week 16. No association with urinary ascites was observed, and amniotic fluid volume remained normal throughout gestation. A @entity1 was delivered vaginally at week 37. Apgar scores were 8 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. The neonate voided smoothly. Ultrasonography revealed a thickened bladder wall and normal kidneys and upper urinary tracts. Voiding cystourethrography showed dilatation of the posterior urethra but confirmed normal bladder capacity with smooth voiding and no vesicoureteral reflux. On day 57, remnant valves were incised. Postoperatively, filling cystometry showed a compliant bladder with no involuntary phasic contraction. At 7 months follow-up, the @entity1 was asymptomatic, and ultrasonography showed some improvement of bladder wall thickness. Resolution of @entity14873 in utero appears to have resulted from spontaneous @entity397 . To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been previously reported.

title: Prenatal resolution of XXXX possibly caused by @entity1409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'boy', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture of posterior urethral valves']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dilatation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the posterior urethral valves']

entities_list: @entity14873 :: ('MESH:C536139', 'Disease') :: ['megacystis']

answer: @entity14873 :: (MESH:C536139,Disease) :: ['megacystis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore whether @entity4006 (Chantix) showed more efficacy in treating certain subgroups of @entity1 . In a recent multisite trial, @entity4006 was shown to be effective in reducing drinking in @entity285 -dependent @entity1 , both smokers and nonsmokers. Given the heterogeneity among @entity285 -dependent @entity1 , secondary analyses were conducted to determine whether certain subgroups responded more favorably than others to treatment with @entity4006 . METHODS: Data were drawn from a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multisite 13-week trial of @entity4006 in @entity285 -dependent @entity1 (). Seventeen moderator variables were selected for exploratory testing on the basis of theoretical and scientific interest. RESULTS: Of the 17 moderator variables assessed, 4 were statistically significant, including cigarettes per day reduction, treatment drinking goal, years drinking regularly, and age of the @entity1 . Two other variables-the type of adverse events experienced by @entity1 and the severity of @entity285 -related consequences-seemed to moderate the @entity4006 treatment effect at borderline statistical significance. Individuals who reduced the number of cigarettes per day experienced a significant effect from @entity4006 in reducing drinking, whereas those who did not change or who increased their number of cigarettes observed no beneficial effect. Reviewing the moderators related to severity, @entity4006 seemed to have greater efficacy than placebo among less severely dependent @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4006 seems to be more efficacious in certain subgroups, particularly in those who reduced their smoking and in the "less severe" @entity1 . Additional studies are warranted to confirm the results of these exploratory analyses.

title: Moderators of @entity4006 Treatment Effects in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial for XXXX Dependence: An Exploratory Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4006 :: ('MESH:C500838', 'Chemical') :: ['varenicline', 'Varenicline']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency of @entity3811 in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and elucidate the clinical factors that predispose to this occurrence. METHODS: A chart review of in- @entity1 (1989-2001) and out- @entity1 (1999-2001) with ICD9 billing codes for @entity3811 /tophaceous @entity210 and @entity1252 was performed. Twenty-six @entity1 were identified. @entity1 meeting American College of @entity627 criteria for @entity1252 and @entity210 or a self-limited @entity625 felt to be crystal-induced (i.e. definite @entity210 ) were included. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were identified. Their mean age was 46.5 yr; 80% were African-American and 70% were @entity1 . Nine of the ten had @entity1988 and four had undergone renal transplantation. An acute worsening of renal function unrelated to @entity1252 activity preceded almost all @entity210 flares. Lupus activity at the time of the first @entity210 as measured by the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM) was low. Eight @entity1 were on @entity229 (mean dose 8 mg/day) for their @entity1252 at the time the attack of @entity210 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3811 is uncommon in @entity1252 ; it occurs primarily in @entity1 with long-standing @entity1252 and @entity1310 . Worsening renal function usually preceded @entity210 attacks, but @entity1252 disease activity was minimal. Crystal-induced @entity625 should be included in the differential diagnosis of a @entity1252 @entity1 presenting with acute @entity625 because the long-term treatment of the two conditions differs substantially.

title: XXXX and @entity3811 : an uncommon association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis', 'Gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['crystal-proven gout', 'gout', 'gout attack']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: AIM: To assess the learning curve characteristics of the first 30 tension-free @entity365 carried out in our medical center and to evaluate its safety and short-term effectiveness. METHODS: A total of 30 incontinent @entity1 with urodynamically proven SUI were enrolled. None had undergone any previous anti- @entity322 procedure. All were operated on by one surgeon, in accordance with the technique described by Ulmsten et al. in 1996. Mean follow-up was 11.4+/- 3.6 months (range, 5-17 months). RESULTS: Five (17%) bladder perforations occurred at the beginning of the study, due to inadvertent insertion of the applicator. All perforations were identified by intraoperative cystoscopy. Five other @entity1 (17%) had @entity954 (>200 mL) necessitating vaginal tamponade. Blood transfusions were not required. Eight (27%) @entity1 had immediate postoperative voiding difficulties, necessitating catheterization for 2-10 days, but none needed long-term catheterization. There was no local infection or rejection of the @entity7502 tape was found. All @entity1 were subjectively cured of their stress @entity322 ; however, urodynamic evaluation revealed "asymptomatic @entity3142 " in one @entity1 . Sixteen of 21 @entity1 (80%) with preoperative urge syndrome, had persistent postoperative symptoms. No @entity1 developed de novo urge @entity322 . CONCLUSION: The TVT operation is a new, minimally invasive surgical procedure with excellent short- and medium-term cure rates. However, there is a definite learning curve, and we believe that the operation should only be performed by experienced surgeons.

title: Tension-free vaginal tape for stress urinary XXXX : Is there a learning curve?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal tape (TVT) procedures']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['genuine stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Anterior resection for @entity5 carries the risk of serious complications, especially @entity292 at the site of @entity254 . Numerous factors have been shown to impact @entity834 . The results of studies on the influence of @entity28 on the frequency of @entity834 after rectal resection performed due to @entity5 have been contradictory. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and frequency of @entity834 after anterior rectal resection performed due to @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 222 subsequent @entity1 who had undergone anterior resection due to @entity5 with an @entity254 formed with a mechanical suture. The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups depending on their BMI quartile as follows: Group I, BMI < 23.8 kg/m2 (lower quartile); group II, BMI between 23.8 and 29.38 kg/m2 (middle quartile); and group III, BMI > 29.38 kg/m2 (upper quartile). RESULTS: @entity834 occurred in 8 (3.6%) @entity1 . @entity292 occurred in 4 out of 61 @entity1 (6.56%) in group I, which was the highest incidence of @entity292 for all 3 groups. In group II, @entity292 occurred in 2 out of 55 @entity1 (3.63%), and similarly, in group III, they occurred in 2 out of 106 @entity1 (1.87%). The differences found in the frequency of @entity292 between groups were not statistically significant (p=0.31). The logistic regression analysis did not show any relationship between leakage and age (p = 0.55; OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.95 - 1.1), sex (p = 0.97; OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.22 - 4.25) or BMI (p = 0.27; OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.22 - 1.53). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that BMI did not have any influence on the frequency of @entity834 after anterior rectal resection performed due to @entity5 .

title: Influence of Obesity on @entity834 After Anterior Rectal Resectionperformed Due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas', 'Fistulas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: A study was conducted to assess oxygenation and respiratory changes on the first and second postoperative nights after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Twelve @entity1 were postoperatively evaluated with 8-hour nocturnal polysomnography on four occasions: (1) PREOP--night before UPPP, (2) POPN1--first postoperative night, (3) POPN2--second postoperative night, and (4) 3MOS--3-month follow-up study. Results demonstrate that @entity386 index (AI) and respiratory disturbance index (RDI) were significantly improved at 3MOS from PREOP levels: AI (p less than 0.01) and RDI (p less than 0.05). There were no statistical differences from PREOP to POPN1 or POPN2 for AI, RDI, lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation (LSAT), or number of desaturations (#DESAT). One of twelve @entity1 dropped LSAT greater than 10% from PREOP to POPN1 or POPN2 (82% PREOP to 71% POPN2). @entity1 were grouped by PREOP LSAT greater than or equal to 80% or less than 80%, and the postoperative change in LSAT was evaluated by comparing PREOP to a value averaging POPN1 and POPN2. @entity1 with LSAT greater than or equal to 80% decreased by 2.6%; @entity1 with LSAT less than 80% improved by 6.2%. This change in LSAT between groups was statistically different (p = 0.02). These data suggest that in the majority of @entity1 , preoperative indices remain unchanged for at least 2 days after surgery, even for @entity1 who demonstrated improvement at 3 months. However, worsening does occur in some @entity1 . On the basis of the results of this study and clinical experience with the postoperative course, a selective management protocol is outlined.

title: Postoperative risk following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The pharmacokinetics of an antibody (huA1)-drug ( @entity67435 microtubule disrupting MMAF) conjugate, targeting 5T4-expressing cells, were characterized during the discovery and development phases in female nu/nu @entity19 and @entity5434 after a single dose and in S-D @entity35 and @entity5434 from multidose @entity137 studies. Plasma/serum samples were analyzed using an ELISA-based method for antibody and conjugate (ADC) as well as for the released payload using an LC-MS/MS method. In addition, the distribution of the Ab, ADC, and released payload (cys-mcMMAF) was determined in a number of tissues ( @entity5 , lung, liver, kidney, and heart) in two @entity5 @entity19 models (H1975 and MDA-MB-361-DYT2 models) using similar LBA and LC-MS/MS methods. Tissue distribution studies revealed @entity5 distribution of cys-mcMMAF and its relative specificity to the 5T4 target containing tissue ( @entity5 ). Single dose studies suggests lower CL values at the higher doses in @entity19 , although a linear relationship was seen in @entity5434 at doses from 0.3 to 10 mg/kg with no evidence of TMDD. Evaluation of DAR (drug-antibody ratio) in @entity5434 (at 3 mg/kg) indicated that at least half of the payload was still on the ADC 1 to 2 weeks after IV dosing. After multiple doses, the huA1 and conjugate data in @entity35 and monkeys indicate that exposure (AUC) increases with increasing dose in a linear fashion. Systemic exposure (as assessed by Cmax and AUC) of the released payload increased with increasing dose, although exposure was very low and its pharmacokinetics appeared to be formation rate limited. The incidence of ADA was generally low in @entity35 and monkeys. We will discuss cross species comparison, relationships between the Ab, ADC, and released payload exposure after multiple dosing, and insights into the distribution of this ADC with a focus on experimental design as a way to address or bypass apparent obstacles and its integration into predictive models.

title: Preclinical Development of an anti-5T4 Antibody-Drug Conjugate: Pharmacokinetics in @entity19 , @entity35 , and NHP and XXXX /Tissue Distribution in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity67435 :: ('MESH:C543533', 'Chemical') :: ['auristatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'preferential tumor']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: @entity15338 , the causative agent of @entity8 , produces large quantities of a 57-58 kDa protein (p57) during growth in broth culture and during infection of salmonid fish. Biological activities of secreted p57 include agglutination of salmonid leucocytes and @entity95 erythrocytes. We define the location of epitopes on p57 recognized by agglutination-blocking monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 4C11, 4H8 and 4D3, and demonstrate that the majority of secreted p57 is a monomer that retains salmonid leucocyte agglutinating activity. The 3 MAbs bound a recombinant, @entity1472 -terminal fragment of p57 (211 aa) but not a @entity1473 -terminal fragment (315 aa) demonstrating that the neutralizing epitopes are located within the @entity1472 -terminal portion of p57. When combinations of the MAbs were used in an antigen capture ELISA, the epitopes recognized by the 3 MAbs were shown to be sterically separate. However, when the same MAb was used as both the coating and detection MAb, binding of the biotinylated detection MAb was not observed. These data indicate that the epitopes recognized by the 3 agglutination-blocking antibodies are functionally available only once per molecule and that native p57 exists as a monomer. Similar ELISA results were obtained when kidney tissues from 3 naturally infected @entity11806 were assayed. Finally, a p57 monomer was purified using anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography that retained in vitro agglutinating activity. A model in which p57 is released from @entity15338 as a biologically active monomer during infection of salmonid fish is proposed.

title: Antigenic and functional characterization of p57 produced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity11806 :: ('74940', 'Species') :: ['chinook salmon']

entities_list: @entity15338 :: ('1646', 'Species') :: ['Renibacterium salmoninarum', 'R. salmoninarum']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity15338 :: (1646,Species) :: ['Renibacterium salmoninarum']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Acute @entity788 as a complication of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of @entity660 is rarely observed. However, there is little information on the incidence of @entity12828 after EUS-FNA of the pancreas and its clinical significance. This study aimed to supply this lack of information. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent EUS-FNA of a @entity660 between October 2004 and October 2005 were studied prospectively. Exclusion criteria were: (i) platelet count under 50,000/mm (3) and/or prothrombin time < 50 %; (ii) performance of surgery, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a percutaneous biopsy attempt, or another invasive procedure within 7 days before EUS-FNA; (iii) lack of informed consent. Serum amylase levels were determined before and 8 and 24 h after the procedure. @entity12828 was defined by amylase levels above 104 UI/L (and higher than baseline levels) 8 h after the procedure. Acute @entity788 was defined by upper @entity490 (with or without @entity1209 ) accompanied by elevation of serum amylase or lipase to at least twice baseline levels. RESULTS: A total of 100 @entity1 underwent EUS-FNA of a @entity660 (58 @entity1 , 42 @entity1 ; mean age 60 +/- 13 years). Eleven @entity1 (11 %) showed @entity12828 8 h after the puncture (298 +/- 293 UI/L, range 105 - 1044 UI/L), but only two of them developed acute mild @entity788 after EUS-FNA. @entity12828 was not related either to the @entity75 (cystic or solid) or to its location, the duration of the procedure, or the number of passes performed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity788 after pancreatic EUS-FNA occurs in 2 % of @entity1 , with some more cases of silent @entity12828 . This complication may have to be included in the information given to @entity1 for their informed consent.

title: Incidence and clinical significance of XXXX after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of @entity660 : a prospective and controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type of lesion']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesion', 'pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperamylasemia', 'hyperamylasemia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity12828 :: (MESH:D034321,Disease) :: ['hyperamylasemia']


abstract: Whey permeate is a co-product obtained when cheese whey is passed through an ultrafiltration membrane to concentrate whey proteins. Whey proteins are retained by the membrane, whereas the low-molecular weight compounds such as @entity1132 , salts, oligosaccharides and peptides pass through the membrane yielding whey permeate. Research shows that @entity291 @entity6155 from healthy @entity291 contains hundreds of naturally occurring peptides - many of which are homologous with known antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptides - and nearly 50 oligosaccharide compositions (not including structural isomers). As these endogenous peptides and oligosaccharides have low-molecular weight and whey permeate is currently an under-utilized product stream of the dairy industry, we hypothesized that whey permeate may serve as an inexpensive source of naturally occurring functional peptides and oligosaccharides. Laboratory fractionation of endogenous peptides and oligosaccharides from @entity291 colostrum sweet whey was expanded to pilot-scale. The membrane fractionation methodology used was similar to the methods commonly used industrially to produce whey protein concentrate and whey permeate. Pilot-scale fractionation was compared to laboratory-scale fractionation with regard to the identified peptides and oligosaccharide compositions. Results were interpreted on the basis of whether industrial whey permeate could eventually serve as a source of functional peptides and oligosaccharides. The majority (96%) of peptide sequences and the majority (96%) of oligosaccharide compositions found in the laboratory-scale process were mirrored in the pilot-scale process. Moreover, the pilot-scale process recovered an additional 33 peptides and 1 oligosaccharide not identified from the laboratory-scale extraction. Both laboratory- and pilot-scale processes yielded peptides deriving primarily from the protein b-casein. The similarity of the laboratory-and pilot-scale's resulting peptide and oligosaccharide profiles demonstrates that whey permeate can serve as an industrial-scale source of @entity291 @entity6155 peptides and oligosaccharides.

title: Comprehensive peptidomic and glycomic evaluation reveals that sweet whey permeate from colostrum is a source of XXXX protein-derived peptides and oligosaccharides.

answer: @entity6155 :: (100532204,Gene) :: ['milk']


abstract: Fifty five @entity1 with 57 cholesteatomas (2 bilateral cholesteatomas) were operated on by the same surgeon. The median period of follow-up was 87 months. Fifteen cases were lost to follow-up (26%). An @entity2170 was present in 76% of cases. In the first stage, an "intact canal wall technique" ( @entity12043 ) was carried out in 44% and a "canal wall down technique" (CWDT) in 56%. A planned second stage was carried out in 76% of @entity12043 and 56% of CWDT. The incidence of residual @entity3540 was 29% and the incidence of recurrent @entity3540 was 11%. A third stage was carried out in 6 cases (11%) without residual or recurrent @entity3540 . Finally a CWDT was performed in 65% and a @entity12043 in 35%. The hearing results were significantly better with @entity12043 but this was due to a better preoperative hearing level. Whatever the surgical technique, the hearing results were better in the presence of an intact stapes. The surgery was individualized. Although @entity12043 is our priority technique, it was feasible, in our experience, only in a minority of cases because of difficult ablation, insufficient eustachian tube function and very advanced sigmoid sinus or very low lying tegmen plate. Minimal postoperative cavity problems were encountered, even in @entity1 where in our experience the @entity2267 is limited.

title: [Middle ear cholesteatoma in XXXX . Criteria for surgical procedure in 57 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2170 :: ('MESH:C537142', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular erosion']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoidal pneumatisation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reductions in prices following the expiry of patents on second-generation antipsychotics means that they could be made available to @entity1 with @entity161 in low-income countries. In this study we examine the cost effectiveness of antipsychotics for @entity161 in Uganda. METHODS: We developed a decision-analytic 10-state Markov model to represent the clinical and treatment course of @entity161 and the experience of the average @entity1 within the Uganda healthcare system. The model was run for a base population of 25-years-old @entity1 attending Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital, in annual cycles over a lifetime horizon. Parameters were derived from a primary chart abstraction study, a local community pharmacy survey, published literature, and expert opinion where necessary. We computed mean disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and costs (in US  2012) for each antipsychotic, incremental cost, and DALYs averted as well as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS: In the base-case analysis, mean DALYs were highest with @entity2644 (27.608), followed by @entity1767 (27.563), while @entity1037 (27.552) and @entity1090 had the lowest DALYs (27.557). Expected costs were highest with @entity1089 (US 4943), and lowest with @entity1090 (US 4424). Compared to @entity2644 , @entity1767 was a dominant option (i.e. it was less costly and more effective); and @entity1090 was dominant over both @entity1767 and @entity1089 . The @entity10679 comparing @entity1037 to @entity1090 was US 5868 per DALY averted. CONCLUSION: When choosing between first-generation antipsychotics, clinicians should consider @entity1767 as the first-line agent for @entity161 . However, overall, @entity1090 is a cost-saving strategy; policymakers should consider its addition to essential medicines lists for treatment of @entity161 in Uganda.

title: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antipsychotics for Treatment of XXXX in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: Contrast extravasation on computed tomography angiography (CTA) is rare but becoming more common, with increasing use of CTA for various cerebral @entity455 . We report on two cases of spontaneous @entity510 ( @entity510 ) in which the CTA showed a saccular lesion of the upper basilar trunk suggesting a @entity1756 . However, no vascular lesion was observed on immediate subsequent digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In one case, repeated follow up DSA was also negative. The @entity1 was treated conservatively and discharged with no @entity51 . In the other case, the @entity1 showed @entity1032 on the third hospital day and her brain CT showed rebleeding. The immediate follow up DSA showed contrast stagnation in the vicinity of the upper basilar artery, suggestive of @entity2849 . Double stent deployment at the disease segment was performed. Due to the frequent use of CTA, contrast extravasation is an increasingly common observation. Physicians should be aware that basilar artery extravasation can mimic the appearance of an @entity439 .

title: Contrast extravasation on computed tomography angiography imitating a basilar artery trunk @entity439 in subsequent conventional angiogram-negative XXXX : report of two cases with different clinical courses.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['sudden mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: One hundred and five Labrador @entity235 were randomly divided into two groups to determine the number of animals that develop @entity14228 when treated with an oral supplement compared to untreated ones. Efficacy of the oral treatment was also evaluated once illness was diagnosed. The supplement (Hyaloral) contained hyaluronic acid, hydrolysed collagen, @entity4823 , @entity13488 , and @entity43406 . Clinical evaluation of the @entity2720 was completed at months 3, 6, 12, and 20 by orthopaedic evaluations, radiography, serologic and blood analysis, and veterinarian evaluation of @entity1141 symptoms. All side effects were recorded. In the control group, 33.3% of the @entity235 developed radiographic evidence of @entity14228 compared to 18.5% in the treated group. Symptoms of @entity1141 at 12 months differed between the treated (12.5%) and control (61.5%) animals, and were significantly different at 20 months (p < 0.05). Differences in lameness along with movement and swelling of the elbows between groups were observed after 12 months. The treated group had improved significantly by the last visit (p < 0.05). No adverse side effects were reported. In conclusion, oral treatment with Hyaloral may have a potential cumulative action that provides protection against @entity1141 and significantly improves symptoms of @entity14228 .

title: Efficacy of an oral hyaluronate and collagen supplement as a preventive treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43406 :: ('MESH:C013172', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma oryzanol']

entities_list: @entity13488 :: ('CHEBI:37397', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulphate']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joints']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14228 :: (MESH:C535618,Disease) :: ['elbow dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A systematic analysis of the entire spectrum of various forms of differentiation and metaplastic epiphenomena in cutaneous apocrine mixed @entity5 (AMT) has never been performed. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to study a large number of cutaneous @entity5 so as to fully characterize the entire spectrum of differentiations and metaplastic changes that may occur in the epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components of AMT. METHODS: This article reports a light-microscopic study of 244 cases of cutaneous AMT, complemented by a literature review. RESULTS: All types of differentiation along the lines of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit can be seen in AMT. The spectrum of metaplastic changes in the epithelial components includes @entity1544 , mucinous @entity4648 , oxyphilic @entity4648 , clear cell change, columnar @entity4648 , hobnail @entity4648 , and cytoplasmic vacuolization. The following changes in the myoepithelial component were documented: clear cell change, hyaline cells, plasmacytoid cells, spindling, and @entity1413 . Stromal alterations included @entity4648 , osseous @entity4648 , and adipose @entity4648 . LIMITATIONS: This study utilizes tissue specimens that mainly came as consultations; therefore some inherent selection bias exists. CONCLUSIONS: AMT displays a wide range of differentiation and metaplastic changes in its epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components. These phenomena are not mutually exclusive. When unduly prominent, they may present diagnostic pitfalls. Our findings corroborate those of previous publications, stressing the remarkable diversity of differentiation and metaplasias that may be found in cutaneous AMT. We propose that the most appropriate name for these lesions is "mixed @entity5 of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine complex."

title: Apocrine mixed tumor of the skin ("mixed XXXX of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine complex"). Spectrum of differentiations and metaplastic changes in the epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components based on a histopathologic study of 244 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mixed tumors']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous spherulosis']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['chondroid metaplasia', 'metaplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We wanted to examine the extent and value of testing in a general practice for occult blood in faeces in @entity1 suspected of having @entity14 . MATERIAL: All @entity1 treated for @entity14 in the surgical department in the district hospital 1985-98 were registered (n = 880) and names compared to the files in a general practice in Arendal. The files of our @entity1 were examined in order to determine @entity1 ' and doctor's delay in diagnosing the disease and whether testing of occult blood in faeces was used in the examination. In addition, all @entity1 in the practice tested with occult blood in faeces (Hemofec) 1985-94 were noted (n = 962) and the files of 20 % of them examined. RESULTS: The five general practitioners in our practice were responsible for diagnosing 74 of the @entity1 with verified @entity14 (approx. one new @entity1 per doctor per year). @entity1 ' mean delay was 1.7 months (median 1.1), doctor's delay mean 1.8 months (median 0.9). In 25 @entity1 the examination of occult blood in faeces was part of the diagnostic workup. 20 of the @entity1 tested positively, five negatively. In 71%, the reason for testing was non-specific abdominal symptoms. Among these @entity1 , 11% tested positively and 89% negatively. INTERPRETATION: Examination of occult blood in faeces has a limited role to play in the diagnosing of @entity14 , though a negative result is valuable in order to exclude @entity14 in @entity1 with non-specific abdominal complaints and thus prevent unnecessary use of colonoscopy.

title: [ XXXX in general practice--what is the benefit of testing for occult blood in feces?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between @entity1722 overexpression in the @entity5 and @entity5091 , @entity5089 , @entity21826 , and @entity876 status and clinicopathological characteristics of @entity356 @entity1 . Methods. This retrospective study included 282 consecutive @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent surgery at the Kosin University Gospel Hospital between April 2011 and December 2012. All @entity5 samples were examined for @entity1722 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and @entity5091 , @entity5089 , @entity21826 , and @entity876 expression by staining. A retrospective review of the medical records was conducted to determine the correlation between the presence of @entity1722 overexpression and clinicopathological factors. Results. The @entity1722 -positive rate was 18.1%. Although no association was found between @entity1722 expression and @entity5089 , the expression of @entity5091 , @entity21826 , and @entity876 was significantly correlated with @entity1722 positivity, respectively (P = 0.004, 0.037, 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity1722 overexpression and nodal status were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions. @entity1722 overexpression in @entity356 is an independent poor prognostic factor.

title: Correlations of @entity1 Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Overexpression with @entity5091 , @entity5089 , XXXX , @entity876 , and Clinicopathological Characteristics in @entity356 @entity1 with Curative Resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity21826 :: (4588,Gene) :: ['MUC6']


abstract: AIM: To elucidate the role of the use of impulse-wave tissue doppler technology during stress echocardiography with transesophageal atrial pacing for diagnosis and evaluation of concealed @entity741 . MATERIAL: @entity1 (n=82, 72 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 , mean age 43+/-10 years) with syndrome of @entity158 of obscure etiology. METHODS: Regional contractility of left ventricular wall was studied through apical approach with the use of 12-segment model. Peak systolic velocity of @entity296 (S, cm/s), its acceleration (Asl, cm/s(2)), duration of period of preejection (PEP, ms) and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT, ms) of each segment were calculated at rest, and during subthreshold and threshold pacing. RESULTS: Concealed @entity741 was revealed by stress echo in 44 @entity1 . Total number of analyzed segments was 984 and parameters of impulse-wave tissue doppler could be measured in 959 (97%) segments. At peak pacing rate during stress test 789 (82%) segments were normokinetic, 142 (15%) - hypokinetic, 20 (2%) - @entity2845 , and 8 (1%) - @entity910 . Absence of increase or decrease of S and prolongation of @entity7955 by 10% or more from baseline during stress test were found to be predictors of @entity741 (sensitivity 35 and 75%, respectively, specificity 37 and 81%, respectively), and criteria of objectification of zones of left ventricular wall with impaired contractility (sensitivity 51 and 75%, respectively, specificity 52 and 76%, respectively). During stress echocardiography only dynamics of @entity296 reflected the state of regional left ventricular diastolic function. CONCLUSION: Stress echocardiography with transesophageal atrial pacing combined with impulse-wave tissue doppler imaging is a highly informative method of diagnosis and quantitative assessment of concealed @entity741 .

title: [Stress echocardiography with the use of impulse wave tissue Doppler technology in diagnosis and quantitative evaluation of concealed XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segments', 'myocardial IVRT']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac pain']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess and summarize the best available evidence for the use of intratympanic @entity801 in @entity1 with @entity9303 with respect to improvement of vertigo, @entity392 , and change in hearing. METHODS: Comprehensive electronic searches were conducted on the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. All generated titles were reviewed, and potentially relevant articles were assessed for inclusion. Data from included articles were extracted and summarized. RESULTS: Overall pooled results on vertigo control revealed complete or substantial control in 89% of @entity1 (study range 73-100%). Hearing was worsened in 26% (0-90%). Subjective improvement in @entity392 was seen in 57% of @entity1 (0-82%). Different treatment protocols all resulted in similar rates of vertigo control. CONCLUSIONS: Intratympanic @entity801 appears effective in controlling the symptoms of @entity9303 , regardless of the protocol used. Although the literature on this treatment is extensive, there is a likelihood of significant bias in many currently published reports. There is a clear need for a prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial to assess the true effectiveness of this treatment.

title: Systematic review of intratympanic @entity801 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity1188 location may predict prognosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST elevation @entity583 , previous studies were powered insufficiently to be able to show whether this association is independent of peak @entity908 kinase (CK) or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). METHODS: A large-scale, prospective, observational, single-center study was performed including all @entity1 who underwent primary PCI between 1991 and 2004 in Zwolle (The Netherlands). The association between @entity1188 location and 1-year outcome, was compared with the prognostic impact of peak CK and LVEF. RESULTS: Of 4990 @entity1 , 2485 (49.8%) had an anterior @entity1188 . @entity1 with @entity583 had a higher peak CK (2960 vs. 2009 U/l, P<0.001) and a lower LVEF (40.0 vs. 50.0%, P<0.001). Mortality within 1 year was higher in @entity1 with anterior @entity1188 as well as in those with a high peak CK or a low LVEF. After multivariate analyses, @entity1 with anterior @entity1188 still had an increased risk of a high peak CK, a poor LVEF, and also a higher 1-year mortality, @entity26853 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.70]. Low LVEF was a significant stronger predictor of 1-year mortality, OR 4.4 (95% CI: 2.4-7.8), compared with peak CK, OR 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6-2.5) or anterior location, OR 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3-2.0). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 undergoing primary PCI, location of @entity1188 is an important independent predictor of high peak CK, low LVEF, and increased mortality. LVEF is a strong predictor of 1-year mortality.

title: Comparative predictive value of @entity1188 location, peak CK, and ejection fraction after primary PCI for ST elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: BM mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the capacity for renewal and the potential to differentiate into multiple tissues. In this study, we compared different enrichment methods to obtain MSC from BM. METHODS: Three different methods were compared with a view to obtaining MSC more rapidly from BM: negative selection (RosetteSep and @entity35741 ) and @entity545 . The three cell fractions were grown in complete alpha-minimum essential medium in order to evaluate their proliferative capacity, their phenotype during culture and their potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes. Identification of MSC was performed by immunofluorescence with putative mesenchymal markers SH2 and SH3 but also with hematopoietic markers. RESULTS: After negative selection, only 1+/-0.2% and 2.9+/-0.8% of cells were recovered from BM with the RosetteSep and @entity35741 methods, respectively. However, negative depletion permitted a homogeneous population of MSC, with more than 90% @entity1 + and @entity1 + cells, to be obtained rapidly and in large quantities after 10 days of culture. Similar homogeneity was observed after three passages if the @entity545 was used as selection method and after an average of 25-30 days of culture. Different levels of MSC maturity were also suggested by the variable level expression of Stro-1. DISCUSSION: Depleting selection by RosetteSep may represent an easy method of obtaining MSC rapidly from BM with the aim of potential therapeutic use.

title: Isolation of BM mesenchymal stem cells by XXXX or negative selection: phenotype, proliferation kinetics and differentiation potential.

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['plastic adhesion']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['plastic adhesion']


abstract: To investigate regulation of D2 receptor (D2R) gene expression by protein kinases, we evaluated effects of constitutively active MAPK kinase kinase (MEKK), @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) II, @entity49370 and @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase (PKA) on D2R promoter activity using luciferase reporter gene assays. A 1.5-kbp fragment containing the @entity35 D2R promoter was cloned upstream of the reporter and transfected into D2R-expressing NB2A cells or nonexpressing @entity19 and C6 @entity11 cells. MEKK and CaMKII, but not @entity49370 and PKA, increased promoter activity 4.5- and 1.5-fold, respectively, in NB2A cells. Inhibitory effects of a MEK inhibitor and lack of effect by dominant negative (DN)-JNK1 or DN-p38MAPK revealed that @entity2509 but not JNK and p38MAPK is involved in MEKK-induced promoter activation. Deletion and mutation of the promoter revealed that the MEKK-responsive region was @entity10564 site B between @entity2036 -56 and -47. Overexpression of @entity10564 suppressed promoter activity without affecting MEKK-induced activation. Interestingly, overexpression of @entity11970 increased promoter activity through the region between @entity2036 -56 and -36. Increased activity by @entity11970 was additive with CaMKII-induced activation but not with activation induced by MEKK. Co-transfection with CaMKII stimulated nuclear translocation of @entity11970 . These results suggest that @entity2509 and CaMKII positively regulate the D2R promoter and that @entity11970 is a potential transcription factor for the CaMKII-dependent pathway.

title: Activation of the XXXX dopamine D2 receptor promoter by mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II pathways.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Innovations in surgery have significantly increased the number of procedures performed every year. While more individuals benefit from better surgical techniques and technology, a larger group of @entity1 previously deemed ineligible for surgery now undergo high-complexity surgical procedures. Despite continuous improvements in the operating room and post-operative care, @entity358 ( @entity358 ) continue to pose a serious threat to successful outcomes. @entity358 are common, serious and costly. Growing awareness of the impact of @entity358 has led to intensified efforts to understand the underlying causes. Current evidence demonstrates that a high proportion of @entity358 are directly traceable to the pre-operative risk for and perioperative development of @entity891 . The substantial costs and losses associated with @entity358 demand strategies to reduce their prevalence and impact. Effective interventions will almost certainly produce cost savings that significantly offset current economic and @entity1 resource expenditures. The purpose of this review is to describe the most common challenges encountered in the recognition, prevention and management of perioperative @entity891 . Expanding awareness and understanding of the role of @entity891 as a cause of @entity358 can reduce their prevalence, impact important clinical outcomes and reduce the financial burden associated with treating these complications.

title: Current challenges in the recognition, prevention and treatment of perioperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PPCs', 'post-operative pulmonary complications']

answer: @entity891 :: (MESH:D001261,Disease) :: ['pulmonary atelectasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) measurement in preoperative grading and differentiation of solitary intra-axial malignant @entity1313 . METHODS: Thirty-six low-grade @entity5 (LGGTs), 22 high-grade @entity5 (HGGTs), and 17 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were prospectively evaluated by MR imaging and standard dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced gradient echo, echoplanar imaging during first pass of a bolus injection of contrast material. Normalized rCBV values from tumoral (rCBV(T)) and peritumoral (rCBV(P)) areas were calculated by standard software and statistically tested independently. RESULTS: The mean differences of rCBV(T) and rCBV(P) values between LGGT (2.30 +/- 1.12 and 1.18 +/- 0.24) and HGGT (5.42 +/- 1.52 and 2.17 +/- 0.82) (P < .001); HGGTs and @entity3 (3.21 +/- 0.98 and 0.97 +/- 0.09) (P < .001); and LGGTs and @entity3 (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively) were significant. No clear cutoff value was present. A clear rCBV(T) cutoff value of 2.6 was detected for differentiation of low- (1.75 +/- 0.38; LGA) versus high-grade (4.78 +/- 0.99; HGA) @entity816 when nonastrocytic @entity5 were excluded. The rCBV(T) values were linearly correlated with degree of @entity5 (r = 0.869; P < .001). Cutoff rCBV(P) values of 1.1 and 1.2 were quite effective in differentiation of @entity3 from LGGTs and HGGTs, respectively. The overall efficacy of rCBV was higher in grading than in differentiation. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy of rCBV measurement is higher in grading of @entity1313 than in differentiation of HGGTs from solitary intra-axial @entity3 . The astrocytic and nonastrocytic @entity5 have to be evaluated separately for precise grading.

title: Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of perfusion MR imaging in primary and metastatic solitary malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'METs']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['glial brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (DSM)-based diagnosis of @entity40350 has so far failed to predict sexual reoffense in convicted @entity1 molesters, probably because of its broad and unspecific conceptualization. In this study, therefore, we investigated the prognostic value of the subtype exclusive @entity40350 and a series of customary risk assessment instruments (SSPI, Static-99, Stable-2007, VRS:SO) and the @entity4351 -R in a sample of prison released pedophilic sexual offenders. First, we examined the convergent validity of risk assessment instruments (N = 261). Then, we calculated the predictive accuracy of the measures and diagnosis for @entity458 by ROC analyses and subsequent Cox regression (N = 189). Also, predictive values with more clinical immediacy were calculated (sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 and NPV). The VRS:SO, the SSPI, and the Static-99 significantly predicted @entity458 , as did a diagnosis of exclusive @entity40350 . Also, the VRS:SO predicted sexual reoffense significantly better than the Stable-2007, the Static-99/Stable-2007 combined score, and the PCL-R. When used combined, only the VRS:SO and a diagnosis of exclusive @entity40350 added incremental validity to each other. Our findings support that the clinical diagnosis of an exclusive @entity40350 based on DSM criteria and VRS:SO defined risk factors can reliably discriminate higher from lower risk offenders, even within the select subgroup of pedophilic @entity1 molesters. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Predicting reoffense in pedophilic XXXX molesters by clinical diagnoses and risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity40350 :: ('MESH:D010378', 'Disease') :: ['pedophilia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual recidivism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity860 ( @entity8582 ) may reflect airway @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness, but relationship between @entity8582 and @entity112 ( @entity14614 , a conventional stimulus) bronchial provocation test (BPT) in @entity565 is not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To compare both BPTs and determine their utility in reflecting changes of @entity748 symptoms. METHODS: BPTs were performed in cross-over fashion, at 2-4day intervals. Cumulative doses eliciting 20% FEV1 fall (PD20 FEV1 ), diagnostic performance and adverse events were compared. @entity1 with PD20 FEV1 lower than geometric mean were defined as responders, otherwise poor responders. @entity1 with uncontrolled and partly controlled @entity565 , who maintained their original inhaled corticosteroids therapy, underwent reassessment of airway responsiveness and @entity748 symptoms 3 and 6 months after. RESULTS: Nineteen uncontrolled, 22 partly controlled and 19 controlled @entity748 @entity1 and 24 healthy subjects were recruited. Lower PD20 FEV1 geometric means were associated with poorer @entity565 control in @entity14614 -BPT (0.424 mol vs. 1.684 mol vs. 3.757 mol), but not @entity8582 -BPT (11.810 mol vs. 7.781 molvs. 10.220 mol). Both BPTs yielded similar overall diagnostic performance in @entity565 (area under curve: 0.842 in @entity8582 -BPT vs. 0.850 in @entity14614 -BPT). Adverse events, including wheezing and @entity7405 , were similar and mild. 10 @entity1 with uncontrolled and 10 partly controlled @entity565 were followed-up. At months 3 and 6, we documented increase in PD20 FEV1 - @entity8582 and PD20 FEV1 - @entity14614 , which did not correlate with reduction @entity748 symptom scores. This overall applied in responders and poor responders of @entity8582 -BPT and @entity14614 -BPT. CONCLUSION: Despite higher screening capacity of well-controlled @entity565 , @entity8582 -BPT confers similar diagnostic performance and safety with @entity14614 -BPT. @entity8582 -BPT might not preferentially reflect @entity748 symptoms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX is not superior to @entity112 for bronchial provocation test for assessment of @entity565 control and symptoms.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine monophosphate']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine monophosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is used widely in adult @entity741 , but data in @entity1 is limited. We sought to evaluate feasibility, accuracy and prognostic value of stress CMR in @entity1 with suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: Stress CMR was reviewed from two pediatric centers over 5  years using a standard pharmacologic protocol. @entity854 , perfusion deficits and late enhancement were correlated with coronary angiogram (CAG) when available, and clinical status at 1  year follow-up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; coronary revascularization, non-fatal @entity583 and @entity204 due to @entity453 ) was recorded. RESULTS: Sixty-four stress perfusion CMR studies in 48 @entity1 (10.9        4.8  years) using @entity859 ; 59 (92%) and @entity4341 ; 5 (8%), were reviewed. Indications were @entity573 (39%), post arterial switch operation (12.5%), post heart transplantation (12.5%), post anomalous coronary artery repair (11%), @entity662 (11%), suspected @entity2401 or @entity453 (3%), post coronary revascularization (3%), and others (8%). Twenty-six studies were performed under sedation. Of all studies performed, 66% showed no evidence of @entity63 or @entity1188 , 28% had perfusion deficits and 6% had late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) without perfusion deficit. Compared to CAG, the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of stress CMR was 80% with negative predictive value (NPV) of 88%. At 1  year clinical follow-up, the @entity2286 and NPV of stress CMR to predict MACE were 78 and 98%. CONCLUSION: Stress-perfusion CMR, in combination with LGE and wall motion-analysis is a feasible and an accurate method of diagnosing @entity453 in @entity1 . In difficult cases, it also helps guide clinical intervention by complementing conventional CAG with functional information.

title: Stress perfusion magnetic resonance imaging to detect coronary artery lesions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics of a @entity2461 with @entity1002 during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a lamb model. DESIGN: Prospective intervention study in animals. SETTING: Animal research laboratory of a university medical center. SUBJECTS: Six anesthetized newborn @entity742 with @entity2461 and @entity1002 , installed on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. INTERVENTIONS: Six @entity742 of 140 days gestational age were prepared to keep the ductus arteriosus open by infiltration of the vessel wall with formaline 10%. The animals were installed on standard venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. With a mechanical occluder, the ductus was closed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Changes of mean arterial blood pressure and carotid artery blood flow were measured simultaneously. Using near infrared spectrophotometry, we calculated changes in cerebral concentration of @entity7672 and deoxyhemoglobin (reflecting changes in cerebral @entity26 supply) and total hemoglobin (reflecting changes in cerebral blood volume). Also, cerebral @entity26 delivery before and after ductus closure was calculated. Before ductus closure there was a @entity1002 with a mean +/- SEM of 41 +/- 20% of total body blood flow. Closure of the ductus resulted in an immediate @entity101 and carotid artery blood flow. The concentration of @entity7672 increased and the concentration of @entity54413 decreased, representing increased cerebral @entity26 supply. The concentration of total hemoglobin was unchanged, representing unchanged cerebral blood volume. There was an increase in cerebral @entity26 delivery. CONCLUSIONS: In this lamb model, a considerable @entity1002 over the ductus during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation reduced cerebral circulation and oxygenation.

title: Ductus arteriosus with XXXX during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: effects on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in mean arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity54413 :: ('CHEBI:5656', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyhemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left-to-right shunt']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left-to-right shunt']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity13382 were treated at State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn (Brooklyn, NY) with a regimen of split-course hyperfractionated @entity1161 (120 cGy/fraction) and concomitant @entity900 infusion (5 to 7 mg/m2/24 hours). All of the @entity1 had T4 @entity5 or massively recurrent disease with base of skull or facial bone involvement. Twelve @entity1 were treated with curative intent receiving total doses of 6000 to 6960 cGy (modal 6750 cGy), whereas two @entity1 were treated with less than 5000 cGy as palliation. Eleven of the 12 @entity1 (92%) achieved a complete response, and 7 of 12 (58%) are alive at 35 to 72 months (mean, 47 months). Five @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease, and two with a local recurrence. Three @entity1 died of distant disease, and two died from a local recurrence. When the response to treatment was analyzed based on @entity5 volume and @entity1161 dose, only two of nine lesions measuring between 4 to 10 cm failed locally. The two palliative @entity1 had almost complete local clearance of the disease but died at 2 and 8 months, respectively. In nine @entity1 , the eye or optic nerve was included in the treatment field and received between 2000 to 6960 cGy. Only one of these nine @entity1 had ophthalmic complication and this was confined to the @entity267 .

title: Locally advanced XXXX treated with hyperfractionated @entity1161 and concomitant infusion @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation']

entities_list: @entity13382 :: ('MESH:D010255', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal sinus complex and nasopharynx tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity13382 :: (MESH:D010255,Disease) :: ['paranasal sinus and nasopharynx tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3667 is the causative agent of cutaneous @entity232 which affects over 1 million @entity1 in 88 different countries. The incidence of this disease is on the rise due to the current problems associated with the present chemotherapeutics. In addition, @entity3667 confronts resistance to the traditional drugs like @entity12879 and newer repurposed drugs like @entity14219 . ABC transporters are involved in the development of drug resistance. @entity14219 , the drug used for the treatment of @entity232 , is effluxed by P4 ATPase and ABC transporter, which is the prime focus of our study in this paper. P4 ATPase (MDR1) along with an unnamed protein (cdc50) translocates @entity14219 from the outer to the inner leaflet by the process of flipping which is @entity855 driven. In contrast, @entity14219 also escapes from the cells by an energy dependent mechanism that involves the ABC transporter protein (ABC). It is known that certain genes in the parasite amplify the portions of a gene which encodes ABC transporter and P4 ATPase involved in translocating phospholipids and hence resistance to @entity14219 . We observed the ABC and P4 ATPase genes, 39 T-box elements were observed in the ABC transporter protein and three elements were observed in the P4 ATPase gene suggesting its role in transcription regulation. To the best of our knowledge, there are no structural and regulatory reports on these two proteins in @entity3667 . Computational structural biology tools may aid in understanding the interaction of @entity14219 with the P4-ATPase-cdc50 complex and the ABC transporter. This can be achieved by modeling the target protein structures, studying the dynamics associated with the different domains of the protein and later using activators and inhibitors to alter the functioning of the protein. Molecular dynamics simulation with a lipid bilayer is performed to investigate the conformational changes and structure-activity relationship. As transporters are difficult to model, the relevant structural motifs and domains may help to understand the allosteric relation with the substrate and the cofactors. The dynamics of a protein molecule ultimately defines the functional mechanism involving excursions of multiple conformational states. To understand these functional mechanisms of transporter proteins, computational modeling and simulations will be carried out with the goal of elucidating the atomistic details of allosteric conformational transitions and propagations during the transport processes. In particular these studies are designed to investigate the critical structural and dynamic elements that determine individual and combined ligand-binding specificities, the interactions among transporters, their coupled-proteins and the associations of transporters within the lipid bilayer. The nature of results from such studies also makes it possible to rationally optimize existing ligands for these proteins and develop some new compounds that can shift the conformational equilibrium of transporters which may aid in functional studies leading to drug discovery.

title: Structure based investigation on the binding interaction of transport proteins in XXXX : insights from molecular simulation.

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['Miltefosine', 'miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity12879 :: ('MESH:D000967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium stibogluconate']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania', 'Leishmania major']

answer: @entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['leishmaniasis']


abstract: A 67-year-old @entity1 was admitted for @entity159 , @entity1269 , repeating @entity391 . Computed tomography showed no abnormality except for slight @entity1010 . Angiogram demonstrated bilateral @entity9085 at the origin, especially on the left side, and bilateral cervical internal @entity543 associated with @entity1066 . Intracranially, bilateral anterior cerebral artery was filled only by right internal carotid artery. Internal carotid artery on both sides did not fill the posterior cerebral artery. From these findings, we thought that both bilateral internal carotid artery and left vertebral artery should be surgically reconstructed. On June 4, 1986, left @entity2998 and left carotid endarterectomy using double-balloon shunt were performed. Waiting for recovery of the @entity558 , right carotid endarterectomy was carried out on June 27, 1986. Postoperative angiogram demonstrated disappearance of bilateral internal @entity543 , and good filling of left vertebral artery through left common carotid artery. Postoperative course was uneventful and @entity1269 gradually improved. Vertigo and @entity391 completely subsided. The method and indication of combined reconstruction for extracranial @entity2998 were discussed.

title: [A case of combined reconstruction of extracranial XXXX stenosis].

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['general condition']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'vertigo and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral transposition to the common carotid artery', 'vertebral and carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['vertebral and carotid artery']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity64 triggers a systemic inflammatory response that exacerbates the @entity130 . Immunizing with peptides derived from CNS proteins can stimulate protective autoimmunity (PA). The most renowned of these peptides is copolymer-1 (Cop-1) also known as @entity1638 . This peptide has been approved for use in the treatment of @entity15 . Cop-1-specific T cells cross the blood-brain barrier and secrete neurotrophins and anti-inflammatory cytokines that could stimulate proliferation of neural precursor cells and recruit them to the injury site; making it an ideal therapy for acute @entity385 . The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Cop-1 on neurogenesis and neurological recovery during the acute phase (7 days) and the chronic phase of @entity64 (60 days) in a @entity35 model of transient @entity2500 (tMCAo). @entity2136 and @entity10862 were quantified and @entity1188 volumes were measured. We demonstrated that Cop-1 improves @entity51 , enhances neurogenesis (at 7 and 60 days) in the SVZ, SGZ, and cerebral cortex through an increase in @entity10862 production. It also decreased @entity1188 volume even at the chronic phase of tMCAo. The present manuscript fortifies the support for the use of Cop-1 in acute @entity385 .

title: Copolymer-1 Promotes Neurogenesis and Improves Functional Recovery after Acute XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of long-term consumption of medium chain (MCT) versus long chain @entity1674 (LCT) on energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation and body composition. HYPOTHESIS: MCT consumption will not result in greater EE, substrate oxidation, and body @entity353 compared with LCT consumption. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Seventeen healthy @entity28 @entity1 participated in this randomized, crossover inpatient trial. Meals were prepared and consumed on site for two periods of 27 days. Diets containing 40% of energy as fat, with treatment fat comprising 75% of the total fat, were designed to supply each subject with their individual weight-maintaining energy needs. The MCT diet contained 67% of treatment fat as MCT oil (49% octanoate, 50% decanoate) whereas the LCT diet contained exclusively beef tallow as treatment fat. Body composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 1 and 28 of each phase while energy expenditure was measured on day 2 and 27. RESULTS: Changes in total and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes following consumption of MCT and LCT were not different (-0.61+/-0.38 l vs -0.54+/-0.48 l and -0.58+/-0.35 l vs -0.48+/-0.40 l, respectively). Average EE and fat oxidation were greater (P<0.05) during MCT than LCT consumption (0.95+/-0.019 vs 0.90+/-0.024 kcal/min, respectively, for EE and 0.080+/-0.0026 vs 0.075+/-0.0022 g/min, respectively for fat oxidation). DISCUSSION: These results show that long-term consumption of MCT enhances EE and fat oxidation in @entity28 @entity1 , when compared to LCT consumption. The difference in body composition change between MCT and LCT consumption, although not statistically different, was consistent with differences predicted by the shifts in EE. It can be concluded that substitution of MCT for LCT in a targeted energy balance diet may prevent long-term weight gain via increased EE.

title: Medium- versus long-chain @entity1674 for 27 days increases fat oxidation and energy expenditure without resulting in changes in body composition in overweight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to determine whether survivors of @entity1893 are meeting select American @entity5 Society (ACS) health-related guidelines for @entity5 survivors, as well as to examine relationships between these lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and posttraumatic stress (PTS). METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 566 survivors of @entity1893 was identified from the @entity5 registries of 2 large academic medical centers. Respondents were surveyed regarding physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, body weight, @entity286 use, HRQoL using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, and PTS using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder CheckList-Civilian form. Lifestyle cluster scores were generated based on whether individuals met health guidelines and multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate relationships between @entity146 and HRQoL scores and PTS scores. RESULTS: Approximately 11% of @entity1 met all 4 ACS health recommendations. Meeting all 4 healthy recommendations was related to better physical and mental QoL (standardized regression coefficient [b], .57 [P<.0001] and b, .47 [P = .002]) and to lower PTS scores (b, -0.41; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of @entity1893 who met more ACS health-related guidelines appeared to have better HRQoL and less PTS. Unfortunately, many survivors are not meeting these guidelines, which could impact their overall well-being and longevity. @entity5 2015;121:3343-3351.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Are lifestyle behavioral factors associated with health-related quality of life in long-term survivors of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['lifestyle behaviors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65501 is a highly valuable species of great commercial interest and excellent candidate for aquaculture diversification; however, the octopus' well-being is impaired by pathogens, of which the @entity344 Aggregata octopiana is one of the most important. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the immune response in cephalopods, especially in octopus is scarce. The transcriptome of the hemocytes of @entity65501 was de novo sequenced using the high-throughput paired-end Illumina technology to identify genes involved in immune defense and to understand the molecular basis of octopus tolerance/resistance to @entity7843 . RESULTS: A bi-directional mRNA library was constructed from hemocytes of two groups of octopus according to the @entity281 by A. octopiana, sick octopus, @entity7843 , and healthy octopus, and reads were de novo assembled together. The differential expression of transcripts was analysed using the general assembly as a reference for mapping the reads from each condition. After sequencing, a total of 75,571,280 high quality reads were obtained from the sick octopus group and 74,731,646 from the healthy group. The general transcriptome of the @entity65501 hemocytes was assembled in 254,506 contigs. A total of 48,225 contigs were successfully identified, and 538 transcripts exhibited differential expression between groups of @entity281 . The general transcriptome revealed genes involved in pathways like NF-kB, TLR and Complement. Differential expression of TLR-2, PGRP, C1q and PRDX genes due to @entity281 was validated using RT-qPCR. In sick octopuses, only TLR-2 was up-regulated in hemocytes, but all of them were up-regulated in caecum and gills. CONCLUSION: The transcriptome reported here de novo establishes the first molecular clues to understand how the octopus immune system works and interacts with a highly pathogenic coccidian. The data provided here will contribute to identification of biomarkers for octopus resistance against pathogens, which could improve octopus farming in the near future.

title: De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of the XXXX Hemocytes Using Illumina RNA-Seq Technology: Response to the Infection by the @entity344 Aggregata octopiana.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['suffering coccidiosis', 'coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity65501 :: ('6645', 'Species') :: ['O. vulgaris', 'Octopus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal coccidian parasite']

answer: @entity65501 :: (6645,Species) :: ['Octopus vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study whether antipsychotic use is associated with a risk of @entity173 among individuals with @entity195 and to compare the risk according to the duration of use and the 2 most frequently used antipsychotics. METHODS: The MEDALZ (Medication and @entity195 ) cohort consisted of community-dwelling Finnish @entity1 with clinically verified diagnoses of @entity195 , including 70,718 @entity1 newly diagnosed according to NINCDS-ADRDA and DSM-IV criteria between 2005 and 2011. Antipsychotic use was modeled from prescription register data, and @entity173 ( @entity1479 -10 S72.0-72.2) were identified from the Hospital Discharge Register. The incidence of @entity173 was compared between new users and nonusers of antipsychotics, among various time durations of antipsychotic use, and between @entity1089 users and @entity1090 users. RESULTS: Antipsychotic use versus nonuse was associated with an increased risk of @entity173 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.39-1.70). The risk was increased from the first days of use and remained increased thereafter. @entity1089 was associated with a similar risk of @entity173 as @entity1090 for the first 2.7 years of use (adjusted HR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79-1.21). Compared with low-dose (<=  0.5 mg) @entity1090 use, higher @entity1090 doses (> 0.5 mg) were associated with a higher risk of @entity173 (adjusted HR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.32-2.24). CONCLUSIONS: Since the risk of @entity173 was increased from the first days of use, our results confirm the need for setting a high threshold for initiating antipsychotic use among @entity1 with @entity195 to avoid serious adverse events. If antipsychotic use is initiated, the duration of use should be limited, as the risk of @entity173 does not attenuate with long-term use.

title: Antipsychotic Use and the Risk of Hip Fracture Among Community-Dwelling @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The accuracy and precision of the Friedewald formula for estimating low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) is questionable. Although other formulae have been developed, only a few studies compare them. Thus, we compared the efficiencies of various formulae, based on the age and gender of adults, to determine which ones yield more accurate estimations in terms of @entity2246 , and which formulae underestimated and overestimated LDL-C performance. METHODS: This study compares various formulae in terms of @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ), as well as underestimation and overestimation of LDL-C concentrations, using subjects of various ages and both genders. Six groups were examined in this study based on age and gender: males 20-44 years old, 45-64, and 65 and above, and females in the same three age ranges. RESULTS: The results show that the Friedewald formula has relatively low accuracy, and while its performance among older (aged 45 and above) @entity1 with @entity412 concentrations  <= 400 mg/dL is better than that with other groups, it is still more inaccurate than the other formulae. In terms of prediction errors and mean squared errors, Tsai's formula (TF) and a calibrated TF provide the most accurate results with regard to the LDL-C concentration. Moreover, based on a cross-validation of age and gender, these two formulae provide highly accurate results for the LDL-C concentrations of all the studied groups, except for @entity1 aged 20-44 years. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the experimental results, this study provides a set of benchmarks for the formulae used in LDL-C tests when considering the factors of age and gender. Therefore, it is a valuable method for providing formula benchmarking.

title: Comparison of various formulae for estimating low-density lipoprotein XXXX by a combination of ages and genders in Taiwanese adults.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['mean squared error', 'MSE']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This mechanistic trial compared the pharmacodynamics and safety of lixisenatide and liraglutide in combination with optimized insulin glargine with/without @entity2449 in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, three-arm trial comparing lixisenatide 20   g and liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg once daily for 8 weeks in combination with insulin glargine after optimized titration. The primary end point was change from baseline to week 8 in incremental area under the postprandial plasma @entity413 curve for 4 h after a standardized solid breakfast (AUC PPG0030-0430 h). Changes from baseline in gastric emptying, 24-h plasma @entity413 profile, HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), 24-h ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure, amylase and lipase levels, and adverse events (AEs) were also assessed. RESULTS: In total, 142 @entity1 were randomized and treated. Lixisenatide 20   g achieved greater reductions of AUC PPG0030-0430 h compared with liraglutide (marginal mean [95% one-sided CI] treatment difference, -6.0 [-7.8] h     mmol/L [-108.3 (-140.0) h     mg/dL] vs. liraglutide 1.2 mg and -4.6 [-6.3] h     mmol/L [-83.0 (-114.2) h     mg/dL] vs. liraglutide 1.8 mg; P < 0.001 for both), and gastric emptying was delayed to a greater extent than with liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg (P < 0.001 for treatment comparisons). FPG was unchanged in all treatment arms. At week 8, mean    SD HbA1c was 6.2    0.4% (44    5 mmol/mol), 6.1    0.3% (44    4 mmol/mol), and 6.1    0.3% (44    4 mmol/mol) for lixisenatide 20   g and liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg, respectively. At week 8, both liraglutide doses increased marginal mean    SE 24-h heart rate from baseline by 9    1 bpm vs. 3    1 bpm with lixisenatide (P < 0.001). Occurrence of symptomatic @entity4053 was higher with lixisenatide; @entity344 were more common with liraglutide. Lipase levels were significantly increased from baseline with liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg (marginal mean    SE increase 21    7 IU/L for both; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lixisenatide and liraglutide improved glycemic control in optimized insulin glargine-treated @entity2175 albeit with contrasting mechanisms of action and differing safety profiles.

title: Contrasting Effects of Lixisenatide and Liraglutide on Postprandial Glycemic Control, Gastric Emptying, and Safety Parameters in XXXX With Type 2 Diabetes on Optimized Insulin Glargine With or Without @entity2449 : A Randomized, Open-Label Trial.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal AEs']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity66 (CVD) continues to rise as developing nations. Primary prevention is effective in populations traditionally considered low-risk. @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) is considered as a surrogate marker for CVD. OBJECTIVE: Correlation between surrogate markers of subclinical @entity731 @entity1004 , carotid plaque and CVD risk factors in @entity407 and healthy group. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross sectional study, aged 18-80 years from cardiovascular clinic, Suranaree University of Technology Hospital and measurement @entity1004 Correlates between @entity1004 and traditional CVD risk factors age, gender; body mass index (BMI), Waist hip ratio (WHR), total @entity165 , @entity412 , HDL- @entity165 level, LDL- @entity165 level were assessed in the entire population. RESULTS: Population 302 subjects (male 154 [51%]), mean age 47.17    10.95 years were found to be @entity407 216 (71.5%) and healthy 86 (28.5%) subjects. Comparability between @entity407 and healthy subject not different in BMI, WHR, and @entity4434 . Mean left and right @entity1004 no difference between @entity407 and healthy subjects. @entity1004 correlated with @entity407 higher LDL- @entity165 level (r = 0.12, p = 0.03), @entity412 (r = 0.18 p < 0.01), WHR (r = 0.19, p < 0.01) and @entity13519 (r = 0.2 2, p < 0.01). The correlation coefficients were not significantly different between @entity1004 and traditional risk factors age, gender; BMI, LDL-C and HDL-C. CONCLUSION: The subclinical @entity731 CIMTvalues are closely associated with @entity407 along with @entity165 , @entity412 , WHR and @entity13519 .

title: Association between Subclinical @entity731 among XXXX and Healthy Subjects.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['Carotid intima-media thickness', 'CIMT']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['global burden ofcardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['Hyperlipidemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (Auto-HCT) is commonly an in- @entity1 procedure. However, Auto-HCT is increasingly being offered on an outpatient basis. To better characterize the safety of outpatient Auto-HCT, we compared the outcome of 230 @entity1 who underwent Auto-HCT on an in- @entity1 vs outpatient basis for @entity1582 or @entity706 within a single transplant program. All outpatient transplants occurred in a @entity5 center day hospital. Hematopoietic recovery occurred earlier in the outpatient cohort, with median time to neutrophil recovery of 10 vs 11 days (P<0.001) and median time to platelet recovery of 19 vs 20 days (P=0.053). Fifty-one percent of the outpatient cohort never required admission, with this percentage increasing in later years. Grade 3-4 non-hematologic @entity137 occurred in 29% of both cohorts. Non-relapse mortality at 1 year was 0% in the outpatient cohort and 1.5% in the in- @entity1 cohort (P=0.327). Two-year PFS was 62% for outpatient vs 54% for in- @entity1 (P=0.155). One- and two-year OS was 97% and 83% for outpatient vs 91% and 80% for in- @entity1 , respectively (P=0.271). We conclude that, with daily outpatient evaluation and aggressive supportive care, outpatient Auto-HCT can result in excellent outcomes for @entity1582 and @entity706 @entity1 .Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 13 April 2015; doi:10.1038/bmt.2015.46.

title: Safety of outpatient autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple @entity1582 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: The current knowledge of the recovery of anaerobic bacteria from cases of @entity4432 media is reviewed. Although techniques for cultivation of anaerobes were used in the studies presented, the methodologies of collection, transportation, and cultivation of the specimens varied. Consequently, there were differences in the rates of recovery of these organisms and the species isolated. Anaerobes, mainly gram-positive cocci, were recovered from a quarter of ear aspirates in @entity697 in about one third mixed with aerobic and facultative bacteria. In a study of @entity2346 media with effusion, anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 12% of the culture-positive aspirates. The predominant anaerobes were gram-positive cocci and @entity11625 . Several studies reported the recovery of anaerobes in about half of the @entity1 with @entity102 media and in those with @entity3540 . The predominant anaerobes were gram-positive cocci, Bacteroides sp, and Fusobacteria sp. Many of these organisms produced beta-lactamase and might have contributed to the failure of these @entity1 to respond to penicillins. The potential synergistic relationships between the various aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and the role of the capsule of anaerobic bacteria as a virulence factor are discussed.

title: The role of anaerobic bacteria in XXXX media: microbiology, pathogenesis, and implications on therapy.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity11625 :: ('28132', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides melaninogenicus']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the nongenomic actions of E2 have any beneficial effect on cardiac function following @entity548 and whether those effects are mediated via the @entity21203 / @entity2308 pathway. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Since studies suggest that both genomic and nongenomic pathways are involved in mediating the salutary effects of @entity53 ( @entity53 ) following @entity548 , we examined if the nongenomic effects of @entity53 on cardiac function after @entity548 involve the @entity21203 / @entity2308 pathway. METHODS: Male @entity35 ( approximately 300 g) underwent @entity548 (mean blood pressure, 40 mm Hg for 90 min, then resuscitation). @entity53 conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) ( @entity53 -BSA; 1 mg/kg @entity53 ) with or without @entity172 receptor antagonist ( @entity1299 ), @entity21203 inhibitor ( @entity2307 ), or vehicle was injected intravenously during resuscitation. At 2 hours after @entity548 or sham operation, cardiac output, @entity64 volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and +/-dP/dt were measured. Cardiomyocyte @entity21203 , p- @entity2308 , @entity2308 protein expressions and apoptosis were also determined. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Cardiac output, @entity64 volume, and +/-dP/dt decreased significantly after @entity548 . Administration of @entity53 or @entity53 -BSA significantly improved these parameters of cardiac function. Although @entity548 decreased cardiomyocyte @entity21203 protein expression and @entity2308 phosphorylation (p- @entity2308 ), @entity53 or @entity53 -BSA treatment following @entity548 prevented such decreases in cardiomyocyte @entity21203 protein expressions and p- @entity2308 . The increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis was also prevented in @entity35 receiving @entity53 -BSA. Co-administration of @entity1299 or @entity2307 abolished beneficial effects of @entity53 -BSA on cardiac functions following @entity548 . CONCLUSION: The @entity21203 / @entity2308 pathway plays a critical role in mediating the nongenomic salutary effects of @entity53 on cardiac function following @entity548 .

title: The @entity21203 / @entity2308 pathway mediates the nongenomic cardioprotective effects of XXXX following @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['trauma-hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['Wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', '17beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']