abstract: Primary @entity320 is an uncommon entity. A case of primary @entity320 associated with @entity48 is reported. The @entity1 was a 40-year-old @entity1 who was admitted to our hospital on May 2, 1979 complaining of @entity10 , @entity892 , @entity1269 and @entity410 . On admission he had a slight degree of @entity1829 . Left abdominal reflex was absent. Lumbar puncture showed high pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid which was otherwise normal. Plain skull films showed a @entity730 in the pineal region. CT scan demonstrated multiple high density areas with slight enhancement after contrast medium infusion in the right fronto-parietal region and a well defined high density area associated with an irregular low density area without contrast enhancement in the right pulvinar and the atrium and temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle. However, no @entity5 stain was seen on angiograms. On May 8, 1979 partial @entity5 was performed. Areas of black discoloration were seen in the leptomeninges of the right fronto-parietal lobes. Histopathological examination of this @entity5 revealed primary @entity320 . Postoperatively DTIC, ACNU and @entity1891 were administered intravenously but the @entity5 showed only little sensitivity. He died 5 months after operation. Autopsy was performed on October 8, 1979. @entity320 in the right fronto-parietal lobes was invading the cerebellar hemisphere and spinal cord, but any @entity5 was not found in any other parts of the body except for this central nervous system. The @entity5 in the right pulvinar extending to the atrium and temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle was a @entity48 with @entity730 histopathologically. A case of primary @entity320 associated with @entity48 has not been reported in any other associated with @entity48 has not been reported in any other literature yet.

title: [An autopsy case of primary @entity320 associated with XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Jacksonian seizure']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['double vision']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma of the cerebral nervous system', 'intracranial melanoma']

answer: @entity48 :: (MESH:D003884,Disease) :: ['dermoid cyst']


abstract: We report 5 years' experience with low-dose @entity918 , 50 mg/day and @entity6478 , 5 mg/day, in 519 @entity1 with recurrent @entity460 @entity1790 . Additional treatment with @entity208 , 100 mg/day was prescribed for approximately 50 percent of the @entity1 . All @entity1 had active stone formation, having 3,464 stones in 3,126 @entity1 -years (6.67 stones per @entity1 , 1.10 stones per year). @entity5200 was present in 65 percent of the @entity1 and hyperuricosuria in 24 percent. The administration of low-dose @entity918 was effective in reducing urinary @entity460 excretion in most @entity1 . It is possible that the @entity2745 effect of @entity918 were enhanced by @entity6478 , an agent which has been shown to cause @entity8269 when given alone. Significant side effects requiring discontinuation of the drug were observed in only 5 percent of the @entity1 . During 872.8 @entity1 -years of treatment, only 53 new stones were formed (0.10 stones per @entity1 , 0.06 stones per year) in contrast with the 916 predicted ones. The difference (chi-square) is statistically significant (p less than 0.001). These results show that the administration of low-dose @entity918 and @entity6478 , either alone or in association with @entity208 , is clinically effective in reducing the rate of recurrence of @entity460 @entity1790 .

title: Prevention of @entity460 @entity1790 with low-dose thiazide, XXXX and @entity208 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity8269 :: ('MESH:C564578', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalciuria']

entities_list: @entity2745 :: ('MESH:C537145', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalciuric']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity6478 :: (MESH:D000584,Chemical) :: ['amiloride']


abstract: Activated ras oncogene transfection into suitable recipient cells has been shown to induce the metastatic phenotype (Thorgeirsson, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 5: 259-262, 1985). We have used this model system to study the correlation of basement membrane collagenolysis with metastatic propensity. The @entity11517 oncogene alone, or combined with v-myc, transfected into early passage @entity35 embryo fibroblasts, induce these cells to secrete high levels of type IV collagenolytic metalloproteinase and to concomitantly exhibit a high incidence of spontaneous @entity3 in @entity19 . Cotransfection of @entity11517 plus the adenovirus type 2 E1a gene yields cells which are highly tumorigenic but nonmetastatic and fail to produce @entity1235 . This effect is due to a suppression of collagenase elaboration, not increased production of a collagenase inhibitor, and not decreased production of a collagenase activator. The characteristics of the collagenase are identical to @entity5 @entity1235 described previously. The nonmetastatic cells which failed to produce @entity1235 retain the ability to secrete high levels of plasminogen activator. Transfection with the protooncogenic forms of Ha-ras or mos, or spontaneous transformation of NIH 3T3 cells or chemical transformation of BALB 3T3 cells yields cells which fail to produce collagenase, are tumorigenic, but totally nonmetastatic. These data support a biochemical linkage of @entity1235 expression with the metastatic phenotype in this rodent system.

title: Secretion of type IV collagenolytic protease and metastatic phenotype: induction by transfection with XXXX but not c-Ha-ras plus Ad2-E1a.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity11517 :: (15461(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['c-Ha-ras']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of paediatric @entity378 ( @entity378 ) remains difficult in resource-: poor settings. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate induced sputum collection and examination using microscopy, culture and Xpert(  ) MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ) in a Tanzanian hospital vs. @entity1907 diagnosis using clinical scoring tools alone. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study from October 2013 to April 2014 at our hospital in northwestern Tanzania. @entity1 presumed to have @entity378 were assessed using four @entity378 score charts and sputum examination. Sputum samples were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy, solid culture and Xpert. The number of cases microbiologically confirmed was compared to the number of @entity378 cases suspected based on @entity378 score charts. RESULTS: A total of 192 @entity1 were enrolled. Sputum specimens were successfully obtained in 187 (97.4%) @entity1 without any major complications. Ten (5.2%) @entity1 were confirmed to have @entity1907 by sputum examination. More than half (50-90%) of the confirmed cases were not detected by score charts alone. CONCLUSION: Sputum induction is both safe and feasible in a severely resource-limited hospital, and can lead to microbiological @entity1907 diagnosis that would not be detected by clinical criteria alone.

title: @entity1907 bacteriologically confirmed by induced sputum among XXXX at Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['PTB', 'pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The effects of parenteral nutrition in the treatment of @entity1 with severe chronic @entity1161 is not known. We retrospectively studied 19 adult @entity1 who received parenteral nutrition during 8.6 +/- 2.4 months (mean +/- SEM), including 6 cases in our home-parenteral nutrition-program. Parenteral nutrition was started 49 +/- 12 months after radiation therapy; follow-up after parenteral nutrition was 22 +/- 7 months. Indication for parenteral nutrition was @entity3147 (weight = 73 +/- 2 p. 100 of ideal body weight, serum albumin level = 27 +/- 1 g/l) due to multifocal @entity344 with stenoses (n = 12), fistulae (n = 3) and @entity5277 (n = 4). Parenteral nutrition was given during the peri-operative period in 15 @entity1 . Neither fistulae nor stenoses resolved with parenteral nutrition alone (n = 7) or in association with @entity230 (n = 5). There was a 57 p. 100 mortality rate (11 @entity1 ): 10 p. 100 were postoperative (2 of the 3 @entity1 with fistulae), 21 p. 100, due to radiation complications and 26 p. 100, due to progression of @entity5 . In those @entity1 with severe and multifocal @entity102 , parenteral nutrition did not influence the lesions in the digestive tract. Nutritional support could, however, be considered as an useful adjunct with a low perioperative mortality rate. In the 14 @entity1 without superimposed unresponsive @entity5 , parenteral nutrition followed by curative abdominal surgery seemed to be associated with the best prognosis and in 7 of the 8 survivors, parenteral nutrition has been discontinued without reappearance of clinical @entity3147 .

title: [Evaluation of the use of parenteral nutrition in chronic and severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal radiation injuries']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic radiation enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation enterocolitis']


abstract: @entity10771 is a @entity10043 antimetabolite approved for use in the management of @entity1 with @entity1072 . @entity3118 works primarily by inhibiting DNA synthesis. The compound also possesses lymphocytotoxic activity with preferential activity toward T-lymphocytes. Initial preclinical studies demonstrated antitumor activity with @entity3118 against L1210 @entity19 @entity1778 . In phase I studies, myelosuppression was identified as the dose-limiting @entity137 in @entity1 with solid @entity5 and fatal @entity2359 as the dose-limiting @entity137 in adult @entity1 with acute @entity1583 . The recommended dose and schedule was determined to be 18-25 mg/m2/d for five days, repeated every 28 days. Unlike preclinical studies, phase II trials showed a lack of significant effect when @entity3118 was given to @entity1 with solid @entity5 . However, phase II investigations have confirmed the efficacy of @entity3118 in @entity706 , including @entity1893 , @entity4888 , @entity6491 , and @entity1072 . The place of @entity3118 in the management of @entity1778 in @entity1 is under investigation. Early results indicate an unusual degree of antitumor activity when the agent is used in combination chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity3118 is an effective antitumor agent in the management of @entity706 . Studies are ongoing to more completely define the role of @entity3118 in these @entity5 as well as in the @entity1778 . Additional studies evaluating the activity of @entity3118 as an immunomodulator are warranted, due to the lymphocytotoxic properties associated with this agent.

title: XXXX . A new anticancer drug with significant activity in @entity1 with @entity1072 and in @entity1 with @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6491 :: ('MESH:D015463', 'Disease') :: ['prolymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine', 'Fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'pediatric leukemias', 'leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity10771 :: ('MESH:C042382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity10771 :: (MESH:C042382,Chemical) :: ['Fludarabine phosphate']


abstract: The two key pathophysiologic features of @entity565 are @entity32 . Symptoms and lung function are the most accessible clinical markers for the diagnosis of @entity565 as well as for assessing @entity565 control using the most effective treatment of @entity565 , @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ). However, BHR and @entity32 usually take longer to resolve using @entity4185 compared with symptoms and lung function. BHR can be assessed using "direct" stimuli that act on the airway smooth muscle (eg, @entity2710 ) or "indirect" stimuli that require the presence of airway @entity32 (eg, exercise, osmotic stimuli). Although there are practical limitations in using BHR to assess @entity565 control, efforts have been made to make BHR more accessible and standardized. Some studies have demonstrated that treatment aimed to decrease BHR with direct stimuli can lead to improved @entity565 control; however, it often results in the use of higher doses of @entity4185 . Furthermore, BHR to direct stimuli does not usually resolve using @entity4185 because of a fixed component. By contrast, BHR with an indirect stimulus indicates a responsive smooth muscle that occurs only in the presence of @entity32 sensitive to @entity4185 (eg, mast cells, eosinophils). BHR to indirect stimuli does resolve using @entity4185 . Because @entity4185 target both key pathophysiologic features of @entity565 , assessing indirect BHR in the presence of @entity4185 will identify resolution or persistence of BHR and airway @entity32 . This may provide a more clinically relevant marker for @entity565 control that may also lead to improving the clinical usefulness of @entity4185 .

title: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the assessment of @entity565 control: Airway hyperresponsiveness in XXXX : its measurement and clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Estimates of the need for radiotherapy (RT) using different methods (criterion based benchmarking [CBB] and the Canadian [C-EBEST] and Australian [A-EBEST] epidemiologically based estimates) exist for various @entity5 sites. We compared these model estimates to actual RT rates for lung, breast, and @entity263 in British Columbia (BC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: All cases of lung, breast, and @entity263 in BC from 1997 to 2004 and all @entity1 receiving RT within 1 year (RT(1Y)) and within 5 years (RT(5Y)) of diagnosis were identified. The RT(1Y) and RT(5Y) proportions in health regions with a @entity5 center for the most recent year were then calculated. RT rates were compared with CBB and EBEST estimates of RT needs. Variation was assessed by time and region. RESULTS: The RT(1Y) in regions with a @entity5 center for lung, breast, and @entity263 were 51%, 58%, and 33% compared with 45%, 57%, and 32% for C-EBEST and 41%, 61%, and 37% for CBB models. The RT(5Y) rates in regions with a @entity5 center for lung, breast, and @entity263 were 59%, 61%, and 40% compared with 61%, 66%, and 61% for C-EBEST and 75%, 83%, and 60% for A-EBEST models. The RT(1Y) rates increased for @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: C-EBEST and CBB model estimates are closer to the actual RT rates than the A-EBEST estimates. Application of these model estimates by health care decision makers should be undertaken with an understanding of the methods used and the assumptions on which they were based.

title: Estimating the need for radiotherapy for XXXX with prostate, breast, and lung cancers: verification of model estimates of need with radiotherapy utilization data from British Columbia.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and prostate cancers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tenchkhoff catheter malposition is a significant cause of technical failure in @entity1 with @entity298 ( @entity298 ). Many surgical revised techniques have been reported including wire manipulation and laparoscopy. The objective of the present study was to report the outcome of surgical revised technique for catheter malposition in @entity1 with @entity298 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data of one hundred and twenty three @entity1 with @entity298 at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center were reviewed. The Tenchkhoff catheters were revised in ten @entity1 who had delayed outflow drainage and failed with nonsurgical treatment. The outcome of catheter placement and revision were reported. RESULTS: The longest catheter survival time in the authors' @entity1 was 71 months. The Tenchkhoff catheters were revised successfully in ten @entity1 . The positions of exit sites were not changed. The immediate postoperative complication was not found. The second revision of Tenchkhoff catheter was performed in three @entity1 . Five @entity1 died from other causes not related to the catheter malposition, one @entity1 was referred to another hospital, and four @entity1 had still undergone CAPD. CONCLUSION: The authors catheter-revised technique is safe, simple, straightforward and no special instrument needed therefore it is suitable to be practiced in Thailand.

title: The technique and outcome of XXXX catheter revision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: CONTEXT: The GH/ @entity442 axis has major @entity1720 and insulin secretion. Recently a polymorphism in the @entity9045 gene ( @entity9045 ), a genomic deletion of exon 3 (GHRd3), has been linked to increased responsiveness to GH. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the GHRd3 gene polymorphism on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, lipids, and @entity442 levels in healthy @entity1 and adolescents. DESIGN: This was cross-sectional and was part of the COPENHAGEN puberty study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary center for pediatric endocrinology. @entity1 : @entity1 included 142 healthy Caucasian subjects (65 @entity1 ) aged 8.5-16.1 yr. INTERVENTIONS: Standard 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance tests were preformed. @entity9045 genotypes were determined by multiplex PCR. Main outcome measures were insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, serum lipids, and @entity442 levels. RESULTS: Insulin secretion was higher in @entity1 and adolescents with a least one GHRd3 allele, even after adjustment for age, sex, pubertal stage, and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.018). Disposition index was higher in GHRd3-positive subjects (P = 0.026). In addition, the GHRd3 allele was associated with higher @entity412 (P = 0.028), but not @entity442 levels. CONCLUSION: The presence of at least one GHRd3 allele was associated with higher insulin secretion for a given degree of insulin sensitivity in healthy @entity1 and adolescents during puberty. In addition, the presence of the GHRd3 allele was associated with a higher disposition index. Thus, this common polymorphism in the @entity9045 gene might play a role for pancreatic beta-cell compensatory capacity.

title: Impact of the @entity9045 exon 3 deletion gene polymorphism on XXXX metabolism, lipids, and insulin-like growth factor-I levels during puberty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['impact on insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Flp-In(TM) T-REx(TM) 293 cells expressing a wild type @entity1 M(3) muscarinic @entity934 receptor construct constitutively and able to express a receptor activated solely by synthetic ligand (RASSL) form of this receptor on demand maintained response to the muscarinic agonist @entity5402 but developed response to @entity20069 only upon induction of the RASSL. The two constructs co-localized at the plasma membrane and generated strong ratiometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signals consistent with direct physical interactions. Increasing levels of induction of the FRET donor RASSL did not alter wild type receptor FRET-acceptor levels substantially. However, ratiometric FRET was modulated in a bell-shaped fashion with maximal levels of the donor resulting in decreased FRET. @entity5402 , but not the antagonist @entity3897 , significantly reduced the FRET signal. Cell surface homogeneous time-resolved FRET, based on SNAP-tag technology and employing wild type and RASSL forms of the @entity1 M(3) receptor expressed stably in Flp-In(TM) TREx(TM) 293 cells, also identified cell surface dimeric/oligomeric complexes. Now, however, signals were enhanced by appropriate selective agonists. At the wild type receptor, large increases in FRET signal to @entity5402 and @entity934 were concentration-dependent with EC(50) values consistent with the relative affinities of the two ligands. These studies confirm the capacity of the @entity1 M(3) muscarinic @entity934 receptor to exist as dimeric/oligomeric complexes at the surface of cells and demonstrate that the organization of such complexes can be modified by ligand binding. However, conclusions as to the effect of ligands on such complexes may depend on the approach used.

title: Ligand regulation of the quaternary organization of cell surface M3 muscarinic XXXX receptors analyzed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging and homogeneous time-resolved FRET.

entities_list: @entity20069 :: ('MESH:C079149', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine N-oxide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of @entity6587 ( @entity6587 ) in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ), heavy snorers, and light snorers; its correlation with @entity27 severity; and its response to nasal CPAP therapy. Forty-eight age- and sex-matched subjects were selected on the basis of preentry sleep studies: Group I consisted of 16 @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity387 - @entity386 index (HAI) = 35 +/- 9); group II consisted of 16 cases of heavy snorers without @entity27 ; and group III, a control group, consisted of 16 subjects with only mild snoring. All 48 @entity1 had normal pulmonary function (simple spirometry) prior to study entry and had no history of @entity565 or @entity566 . The prevalence of @entity6587 was prospectively assessed by giving each subject a @entity2710 challenge test (MCT). @entity1 with a positive MCT were treated with 2-3 months of nasal CPAP treatment, after which they had a second MCT. Four of 16 @entity1 in group I had @entity6587 on MCT (PD20 = 88, 103, 109, 162 D.U.), whereas none of the group II or III subjects demonstrated @entity6587 . There was no correlation between @entity6587 and the severity of the @entity27 . The 4 @entity1 with @entity6587 in group I showed an increase in PD20M after 2-3 months of nasal CPAP treatment. In conclusion, @entity6587 may occur in @entity1 with @entity27 . It is unrelated to the severity of the @entity27 , and nasal constant positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy can decrease the hyperreactivity to @entity2710 in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity6587 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['BH', 'bronchial hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: AIM: The combination of smoking and drinking @entity167 has a high association with diseases of squamous epithelium within the @entity1 oral cavity. Therefore, a study was done to assess the impact of these agents alone or in combination on the squamous epithelium using as model the buccal epithelium from @entity95 oral cavity. METHODS: Buccal epithelium was mounted in Ussing chambers to monitor electrical parameters during exposure to @entity1068 (5-40%) or to Ringer extract of cigarette smoke (EOCS) from one to six cigarettes dissolved in 10 ml Ringer either alone or with combination. RESULTS: Exposure to EOCS reduced in a dose dependent manner above 2 cigarettes/10 ml transmural electrical @entity841 ( @entity841 ), short-circuit current (I(sc)), increased transmural electrical resistance (R). Morphology showed from generalize tissue @entity4 to @entity39 with the increasing concentrations. @entity1068 alone raised @entity841 , I(sc) and R at lower concentrations (5%) and lowered @entity841 , I(sc) and R at higher concentrations (40%). The combination of 5% @entity1068 , EOCS-1cigarette/10 ml reduced @entity841 , I(sc) by 58% and increased R by 29%. Unlike exposure to 5% @entity167 and EOCS-1, 10% @entity167 combined with EOCS-1 produces a harmful effect by dropping @entity841 and I(sc). CONCLUSION: Both, simultaneous, and sequential, use of these agents enhanced their negative impact on these parameters. The enhancement of these effects are not due to solubulization of additional @entity286 products by @entity167 or by or by @entity167 enhancing smoking noxious effect. Histopathologic damage needs higher concentrations of @entity1068 and EOCS combination and changes were more profound compared to the sum of the isolated effects of both agents.

title: Effects of @entity1068 and extract of cigarette smoke on the XXXX buccal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['patchy necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'EtOH']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['potential difference', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity4 is the result of an imbalance in the filtration system between the capillary and interstitial spaces. The kidneys play a key role in regulating extracellular fluid volume by adjusting @entity1372 and water excretion. Major causes of @entity4 include @entity432 , increased capillary permeability, and increased plasma volume secondary to @entity1372 and water retention. A systematic approach is warranted to determine the underlying diagnosis. Treatment includes @entity1372 restriction, diuretic use, and appropriate management of the underlying disorder. Leg elevation may be helpful in some @entity1 . Loop diuretics often are used alone or in combination. In @entity1 with New York Heart Association class III and IV @entity712 , @entity1482 has been found to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. In @entity1 with @entity82 , @entity843 is treated with paracentesis and @entity1482 . @entity7236 -induced @entity4 can be treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker. @entity4269 occurs when a protein-rich fluid accumulates in the interstitium. Compression garments and range-of-motion exercises may be helpful in @entity1 with this condition.

title: Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: Almost all @entity1 with @entity1582 still relapse or become refractory in 2 to 3 years. Interferon ( @entity3027 ) therapy has clearly influenced the levels of abnormal serum proteins in some @entity1 . A multi-institutional phase II clinical trial used alfa-2b recombinant interferon (Intron A, Schering, Kenilworth, NJ) in 38 evaluable @entity1 with relapsing and refractory @entity1582 ; two thirds of the @entity1 population had received extensive prior treatment. Seven responded, of whom three continued to do so beyond 1 year--one with an ongoing complete remission. An additional 13 had at least a 25% decrease in abnormal paraproteins. Of nine @entity1 who were initially refractory to chemotherapy, two responded to @entity3027 . Of nine relapsing @entity1 returned to chemotherapy following @entity3027 therapy, six then responded. Thirty previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1582 were treated with @entity3027 followed by melphalan and @entity229 ; of 24 evaluable @entity1 , 18 responded with a median duration of 10+ months. Alfa-2b @entity3027 apparently does not antagonize melphalan or @entity229 , nor does it appear to worsen the response of the two drugs alone. Effectiveness of recombinant alfa-2b @entity3027 in pretreated relapsing @entity1 suggests additional trials are needed to study its effects in previously untreated @entity1 . A significant number of @entity1 who relapsed on their original chemotherapy and subsequent interferon will apparently respond to the reinstitution of chemotherapy.

title: The use of interferon in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We validated the Chinese version of the @entity735 movement @entity146 (RBD) screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) and calculated its cut-off value for idiopathic or symptomatic @entity146 (iRBD or sRBD) in Chinese @entity1 . @entity1 with RBD (n=63) and controls (n=165) were enrolled. After all subjects had completed a structured interview, the Chinese version of the RBDSQ and the video polysomnography test, we evaluated the reliability, areas under the curves and the best cut-off values of the RBDSQ and investigated the utility of RBDSQ for iRBD and sRBD in China. We found that Cronbach's alpha was 0.769 and the test-retest reliability was 0.916. RBDSQ scores in iRBD and sRBD @entity1 were similar and higher than those in controls. A total of five points represented the best cut-off value for detecting all RBD @entity1 . In @entity191 , a total score of six points represented the best cut-off value for detecting sRBD. There was no statistically significant difference in total RBDSQ score between iRBD and sRBD, or male and female @entity1 . There was no significant correlation between the RBDSQ score and duration or severity of RBD symptoms. The Chinese version of the RBDSQ had high sensitivity, specificity and reliability and could be used as a tool for screening RBD @entity1 in China.

title: Validation of the @entity735 movement XXXX screening questionnaire in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['rapid eye']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorders', 'sleep behavior disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sleep behavior disorder']


abstract: @entity1908 in @entity1707 is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis. It is the most common mange @entity277 of @entity1707 . The parasite is distributed worldwide. @entity1707 owners are generally concerned about the internal parasitic infections and ignored the external parasitic @entity277 . But the external @entity4801 with @entity9250 . suis has economic significance as it causes morbidity, mortality, decreased fertility and feed conversion ratio in @entity1707 . Keeping in view of importance of @entity9250 . suis @entity277 in @entity1707 , this communication discussed about the present and past research works done on @entity9250 . suis @entity277 in @entity1707 , particularly its prevalence, life cycle, pathological lesions, clinical symptoms, haematobiochemical changes, diagnosis, treatment and control, to have an idea about this @entity277 at a glance. It has been concluded that the research work done on sarcoptic mange @entity277 in @entity1707 in India is less in comparison to other countries. It may be due to its consideration as a neglected parasite or due to it's under report. Organization of awareness programs for the farmers by extension personalities or other authorities might be able to save the farmers from economic losses due to this @entity277 .

title: XXXX in @entity1707 : an overview.

entities_list: @entity9250 :: ('1930', 'Species') :: ['S. scabies var', 'S. scabiei var']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestations', 'infestation']

entities_list: @entity1908 :: ('MESH:D012532', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcoptic mange infestation']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infestation']

answer: @entity1908 :: (MESH:D012532,Disease) :: ['Sarcoptic mange infestation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the proportion of @entity1 who return to work and predictors of return to pre-injury level of work participation the first year after @entity130 . METHODS: A prospective single-centre study of 188 @entity1 aged 18-65 years with different degrees of injury severity was carried out in a @entity130 referral centre. All @entity1 were working or studying full or part time before the injury. The first assessments were performed a median time of 27 days after discharge. Participation in work/education was measured 3 and 12 months after the first assessment with self-report questionnaires. The Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale (IES) were independent measures of @entity148 , @entity308 and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS) at baseline and 3 months. The Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) measured optimism and pessimism at baseline. Predictors of return to work were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: After one year, 131 @entity1 (70%) had returned to the same level of participation in work or education; 95 (50%) had returned at 3 months. Independent predictors of return to work after 3 months were low age, low Injury Severity Score (ISS) score, not needing ventilator treatment and low score for @entity308 symptoms, adjusted for gender (Nagelkerke R square 0.38). @entity258 , absence of serious @entity542 , low HADS @entity308 score and an optimistic life orientation remained significant predictors of return to work at the same level after 12 months (Nagelkerke R square 0.38). In addition, good physical function (SF-36 PF score>65) at 3 months was an independent predictor of return to work at 12 months in the 93 @entity1 who had not returned to work at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Independent predictors of return to work at 3 months were low age, low ISS and absence of @entity308 symptoms. At 12 months, independent predictors of return to work were low ISS, low @entity308 score and an optimistic life orientation. To promote early return to work, @entity130 @entity1 might be screened for @entity308 symptoms and pessimism, and intervention or treatment provided for those in need.

title: Prevalence and predictors of return to work in hospitalised XXXX @entity1 during the first year after discharge: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity2 is uncommon in individuals age 40 or less. We reviewed the Cancer Registry files of the Ben Taub General Hospital (Houston, TX) from 1971 to 1989 and identified 1678 @entity1 with a documented diagnosis of @entity2 . Among these 1678 @entity1 , 50 (2.98%) were age 40 or less. Thirty-five (70%) of the 50 @entity1 were @entity1 and 15 (30%) were @entity1 . Their median age was 37 (range of 24 to 40). A smoking history was available in 37 @entity1 . Thirty-five (94.5%) of the 37 @entity1 who were smokers had a > 20-pack per year history of smoking. Four @entity1 were intravenous drug abusers, and one of these four tested positive for the @entity465 virus. Twenty-seven (54%) had @entity420 , eight (16%) had @entity957 , and six (12%) had other nondescript, nonsmall-cell @entity189 types. In contrast, the proportion of @entity420 for the (all-age) group of 1678 @entity1 with @entity2 was 28.2%. This difference in the proportion of @entity420 between the two age groups was statistically significant (Pearson's Chi 2, 13.7039, p < 0.0005). Thirty-one (77.5%) of the 50 @entity1 had unresectable disease at diagnosis (12 had stage IIIb and 19 had stage IV). The median survival from diagnosis was 26 weeks. These findings suggest that (1) smoking is an important risk factor for this subset of young @entity1 , (2) the proportion of @entity420 is higher in the young compared with the entire group of @entity2 @entity1 , which included @entity1 of all ages, and (3) young @entity1 tend to present with advanced disease at diagnosis, resulting in an extremely poor survival.

title: XXXX in the young.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: To assess whether pentoxifylline improves @entity417 of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) via suppression of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and improved @entity68 mobilization. BACKGROUND: @entity740 @entity1 may have elevated @entity650 and @entity5 necrosis factor alpha levels. These cytokines can increase hepcidin production, which in turn reduces @entity68 release from macrophages resulting in reduced availability of @entity68 for erythropoiesis. In experimental models, pentoxifylline was shown to reduce @entity650 expression. METHODS: We studied 14 @entity1 with stages 4-5 @entity740 (glomerular filtration rate <30mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) due to @entity8 . None of the @entity1 had received immunosuppressive or erythropoietin-stimulating agents or parenteral @entity68 . @entity1 had weekly blood tests for @entity68 studies and cytokines during a control run-in period of 3 weeks and during 4 weeks of pentoxifylline treatment. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (eGFR 23 + or - 6 mL/min) completed the study. At the end of the run-in period average haemoglobin was 111 + or - 5 g/L, ferritin 92 + or - 26 microg/L, @entity69 saturation 15 + or - 3% and circulating @entity650 10.6 + or - 3.8 pg/mL. @entity5 factor alpha values were below threshold for detection. Treatment with pentoxifylline reduced circulating @entity650 (6.6 + or - 1.6 pg/mL, P < 0.01), increased @entity69 saturation (20 + or - 5%, P < 0.003) and decreased serum ferritin (81 + or - 25 microg/L, P = NS). Haemoglobin increased after the second week of pentoxifylline, reaching 123 + or - 6 g/L by week 4 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline reduces circulating @entity650 and improves haemoglobin in non-inflammatory moderate to severe @entity740 . These changes are associated with changes in circulating @entity69 saturation and ferritin, suggesting improved @entity68 release. It is hypothesized that @entity1502 improves @entity68 disposition possibly through modulation of hepcidin.

title: @entity1502 improves haemoglobin and XXXX levels in @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour necrosis', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: The prognostic significance of @entity5 -associated @entity403 (+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and @entity405 (+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in invasive @entity0 is studied. Tregs and CTLs were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 1270 cases of @entity0 for their associations with @entity1 survival, histopathologic features, and molecular subtypes. Infiltrates of Tregs and CTLs were observed within @entity5 bed and in the tissue surrounding @entity5 . Within @entity5 bed, increased infiltration of Tregs and CTLs was significantly more common in those with unfavorable histologic features, including high histologic grade and negative ER and PR status. In addition, high density Treg infiltration was also associated with @entity5 @entity1722 overexpression, decreased overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In tissue surrounding @entity5 , in contrast, high CTL/Treg ratio was found to be significantly associated with improved OS and PFS. These prognostic associations were confirmed by multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the density of Treg infiltrates within @entity5 was inversely correlated with the prognosis of the molecular subtypes of @entity5 . The ratio of CTL/Treg infiltrates in the surrounding tissue was also significantly higher in luminal than non-luminal subtypes of @entity189 . The prognostic significances of Tregs and CTLs in @entity0 depend on their relative density and location. The density of intratumoral Treg infiltrates and the peritumoral CTL/Treg ratio are independent prognostic factors and correlated with the prognosis of the molecular subtypes of @entity0 , which may serve as potential target for stratifying immunotherapy to battle against the aggressive subtypes of @entity0 .

title: @entity405    cytotoxic T cell and @entity403    regulatory T cell infiltration in relation to XXXX survival and molecular subtypes.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'invasive breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether antenatal @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) exposure has an influence on cerebral blood flow and systemic hemodynamics in preterm @entity1 during the first few days of life. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. SETTING: University affiliated referral hospital. POPULATION: A total of 48 @entity1 who delivered preterm (30-34 weeks) and their offspring. METHODS: Mothers and newborns were divided into two groups based on maternal exposure to @entity2400 (n = 28) or not (n = 20). Cerebral blood flow velocity measurements were obtained from the neonatal anterior cerebral artery and right and left middle cerebral arteries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neonatal Doppler examinations of the brain circulation, heart rate, systemic blood pressure and echocardiographic assessment of ductus arteriosus shunting during the first week of life. RESULTS: Maternal @entity2400 had a significant lowering effect on neonatal cerebral blood flow. Peak systolic velocity was significantly lower in anterior cerebral artery and right and left middle cerebral arteries (p = 0.031, 0.027 and 0.039, respectively), as was end-diastolic velocity (p = 0.035, 0.012 and 0.025, respectively) and mean velocity (p = 0.036, 0.024 and 0.003, respectively). The resistance index and relative vascular resistance in the three cerebral arteries showed no significant difference between the two studied groups. CONCLUSION: Antenatal @entity2400 exposure before preterm birth has potent systemic vascular effects in the preterm offspring, which is reflected in decreased neonatal cerebral perfusion during the critical first few days of life. This is associated with an increased incidence of @entity2461 , which may require operative intervention.

title: Effects of antenatal XXXX therapy on cerebral and systemic hemodynamics in preterm newborns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: A study of 16 @entity1 with @entity7490 of @entity4806 (CBDC) is reported. They were followed up for 0.5 to 4.5 years. Histological and immunofluorescent (IF) study of the skin and local provocation of @entity272 by Trafuril test were carried out in every case, intestinal biopsy in twelve cases. Four @entity1 were found to have IgG, and three IgA, along the skin basement membrane. In nine @entity1 , no immunoglobulins were detectable; these IF negative cases seemed to be pseudonegative. Repeated biopsy and immunoelectronmicroscopic study of the skin may be helpful. In the three @entity1 groups classified on the basis of skin IF studies, there was no difference in the clinical and histological picture, in reaction to Trafuril test and in the result of treatment. The small intestinal mucosa was abnormal in three of twelve @entity1 . A gluten-free diet introduced in two @entity1 had no effect on the course of the disease. CBDC with negative or positive IF, juvenile pemphigoid and @entity7490 seem to be a common clinical entity, different in severity and with individual variations. The condition is not identical with @entity14086 .

title: @entity7490 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['childhood']

entities_list: @entity14086 :: ('MESH:D003874', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity7490 :: ('MESH:D062027', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bullous dermatosis', 'IgA linear dermatosis']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['childhood']


abstract: @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) has incretin effects that are well-documented, but the independent role of @entity5445 action in @entity1 satiety perception is debated. We hypothesized that blockade of @entity5445 receptors would suppress postprandial satiety and increase @entity2798 . After an overnight fast, eight normal weight @entity1 (seven @entity1 , BMI 19-24.7 kg/m(2), age 19-29 year) were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study of the @entity5445 antagonist Exendin-[9-39] (Ex-9) to determine if the satiating effects of a meal are dependent on @entity5445 signaling in @entity1 . Following a fasting blood draw, iv infusion of Ex-9 (600-750 pmol/kg/min) or saline began. Thirty minutes later, subjects consumed a standardized breakfast followed 90 min later (at the predicted time of maximal endogenous circulating @entity5445 ) by an ad libitum buffet meal to objectively measure satiety. Infusions ended once the buffet meal was complete. Visual analog scale ratings of hunger and fullness and serial assessments of plasma @entity413 , insulin, and @entity5445 concentrations were done throughout the experiment. Contrary to the hypothesis, during Ex-9 infusion subjects reported a greater decrease in hunger due to consumption of the breakfast (Ex-9 -62    5; placebo -41    9; P=0.01) than during placebo. There were no differences in ad libitum caloric intake between Ex-9 and placebo. Ex-9 increased @entity413 , insulin, and endogenous @entity5445 , which may have counteracted any effects of Ex-9 infusion to block satiety signaling. Blockade of @entity5445 receptors failed to suppress subjective satiety following a standardized meal or increase @entity2798 in healthy, normal-weight subjects.

title: Initial evidence that GLP-1 receptor blockade fails to suppress postprandial satiety or promote food intake in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide 1', 'GLP-1']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary food intake']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: This article describes the immunologic and @entity358 and the chemical composition of @entity1143 fluid in a @entity1 with @entity9676 as they are effected by therapeutic measures during a 7-year period. @entity4269 was first noticed in the @entity1 at 3 years of age, and @entity1143 developed 7 years later. Thoracentesis demonstrated that the right pleural fluid was yellow, clear, and had the composition of lymph. The left pleural fluid was milky and had a higher @entity412 and lymphocyte content than the right pleural fluid. Complete removal of pleural fluid transiently increased total lung capacity to a maximum of 52% predicted. Strict dietary management with a low-fat and high-protein diet resulted in a transient partial reversal of circulating @entity2905 and low T cell concentration. This was accompanied by a decrease in lymphocyte and T cell concentration in the pleural fluid. Unstimulated mononuclear cells from pleural fluid synthesized increased amounts of DNA, and added mitogens or antigens further increased DNA synthesis. Dietary therapy had a minimal effect on this DNA synthesis. Despite circulating @entity7893 , normal antibody activity was detected. The proportion of B cells in pleural fluid was greater than that in the circulation, and dietary therapy did not alter this difference. Pulmonary physiology improved during the initial 9-month period of diet therapy, but then the rate of fluid accumulation increased, causing respiratory compromise. Stability was achieved by a right-sided pleurodesis, followed 18 months later by a left pleurodesis with the addition of a shunt to provide internal lymph drainage.

title: XXXX and bilateral @entity1143 : effect of dietary therapy and surgical intervention on immunologic and pulmonary parameters.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity9676 :: ('MESH:D008201', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphangiectasia']

answer: @entity9676 :: (MESH:D008201,Disease) :: ['Intestinal lymphangiectasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Provision of assistive technology is a widely used intervention for @entity1 with @entity309 . Assistive technology is any item used to increase or maintain functional ability in individuals with disabilities. It includes a wide range of products, from low-technology devices to technologically complex equipment. Yet, there are few systematic reviews on the effectiveness of assistive technology in this population. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits of assistive technology for adults with @entity309 in terms of improving functional ability and reducing @entity158 , and to assess potential adverse effects in @entity130 or material damage related to device use. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the following databases: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, ISI Web of Science, PEDro, and OTseeker (to October 2008). In addition, we scanned reference lists, sought grey literature, and had personally communicated with authors. We updated the literature searches in January 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA: Included study designs were randomised controlled trials, clinical controlled trials, controlled before and after studies, and interrupted time series where the effectiveness of assistive technology was evaluated. In addition, comparative observational studies were included if addressing adverse effects. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected trials, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Investigators were contacted to obtain missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Only one randomised controlled trial with 29 @entity1 was included. The study compared the use of an eye drop device to a standard bottle in @entity1 with @entity309 suffering from persistent @entity936 . The study was considered to have low quality of evidence. The proportions with observed difficulties when using the device to squeeze out drops and getting the drops in the eyes were 10% and 14%, respectively. This compared to 52% and 52% when using the standard bottle (P = 0.001; P = 0.003, respectively). The proportions of @entity1 reporting difficulties with squeezing the bottle, controlling the number of drops, and aiming the drops when using the device were 40%, 44%, and 46% respectively, while using the standard bottle the proportions with difficulties were 72%, 84%, and 76% (P = 0.001; P = 0.003; P = 0.031, respectively). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Only one trial met the inclusion criteria for this review. Thus, there is very limited evidence for the effect of assistive technology for adults with @entity309 and, therefore, an urgent need for high-quality research addressing the effectiveness of commonly used interventions.

title: Assistive technology for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['terms of psychological discomfort, personal injury']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The quantitation of @entity339 is based on measurement of the maximal jet area by colour flow mapping. Discrepancies have been reported with the possibility of significant temporal variations of jet size. The aim of this study was to determine whether evaluation could be improved by taking these variations into consideration. Three dimensional Doppler colour flow mapping by combining measurements of length, height and width of the jet in two orthogonal planes, in order to obtain a global index of regurgitation, was undertaken in 40 @entity1 with angiographically documented @entity339 classified in three degrees, mild, moderate and severe. Two-dimensional Doppler with colour M-mode was performed in each @entity1 analysing early, mild and late systole. In the absence of significant temporal variation, assessment was based on measurement of maximal jet area alone (maximum global regurgitation index). When there were significant temporal variations, the index was calculated during each phase of systole and the values averaged to obtain a mean global regurgitation index. Temporal variations were observed in 14 of the 40 @entity1 (35%), mainly in mild and moderate regurgitation. Significant differences were noted in the values of maximal (p < 0.01 to 0.001) and mean global regurgitation indices (p < 0.001 to 0.0001) between each degree of severity. A paired study demonstrated significant differences between the two indices in mild (p < 0.01) and moderate regurgitation (p < 0.05). Assessment of the severity of @entity339 was satisfactory in 65% of cases using the maximal global regurgitation index with 14 overestimations, all in cases of mild and moderate regurgitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Time changes of mitral regurgitant jets: a 4th dimension for Doppler evaluation of the severity of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Hispanic/Latino population has been documented as having the lowest @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening rates in the United States, putting this group at-risk for late-stage presentation of disease. We assessed knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding @entity14 screening to inform the development of messages that promote screening among Hispanic/Latino @entity1 . METHODS: In- @entity1 structured interviews with Spanish-speaking adults age 50-80 at two clinics and a senior center in a Hispanic/Latino community (N=234). RESULTS: Most (67.1%) @entity1 had no more than an eighth-grade education and 63.3% reported their reading ability as less than "very good." Only 18.4% of @entity1 correctly identified the colon on a diagram; 19.2% correctly described at least one aspect of a polyp. Less than half of the @entity1 perceived themselves as at-risk for @entity14 , and less than one-third knew about any of the standard screening tests. After hearing descriptions of the screening tests, @entity1 perceived stool cards as easier, safer, less @entity158 , less embarrassing, and less scary than endoscopy (p<.001). Approximately two-thirds of unscreened @entity1 said that screening had never been mentioned or suggested to them; about one-quarter said they did not get screened because they felt fine or were not worried. Over 96% of @entity1 said they would get screened if a doctor suggested it. CONCLUSION: Assessing knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences in the community of interest is a promising approach for developing effective targeted health messages. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Messages to increase @entity14 screening knowledge and behavior in the Hispanic/Latino community should address risk factors, identify relevant anatomy, explain @entity1127 and their asymptomatic presentation, and clearly describe options.

title: Investigating Hispanic/Latino perceptions about XXXX screening: a community-based approach to effective message design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Dopaminergic control of striatal neurons is retained in @entity35 sustaining lesions of the nigrostriatal bundle (NSB) as long as 10% of the projection remains, suggesting that enhanced efficiency of @entity935 (DA) transmission may compensate for the denervation of the striatum. To examine this hypothesis we have studied the extracellular concentration of striatal DA using brain dialysis. In control @entity35 , @entity1767 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or depolarization of striatal tissue with 25 mM @entity4338 increased, and @entity17106 (500 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased DA and @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ) levels in striatal dialysates. Three weeks after unilateral injection of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) to substantia nigra, DA content in the ipsilateral striatum was decreased by 60-98%. Nevertheless, extracellular DA concentration in the lesioned striata remained unchanged in @entity35 with 60-90% DA depletions. More extensive lesions (96% DA depletion) were accompanied by 60% reduction in DA release. In contrast, extracellular @entity3829 levels in the lesioned striata decreased proportionally to the depletion of tissue DA, indicating decreased inactivation of extracellular DA. We propose that the capacity of the residual DA terminals to maintain normal levels of extracellular DA after 60-90% NSB lesions may serve to compensate for the partial denervation of the striatal tissue. Disruption of striatal DA functions and postsynaptic supersensitivity after more extensive lesions may be associated with the failure of the NSB to fully compensate for loss of DA terminals. In striata contralateral to the @entity2955 lesions, increased DA release was also observed. In addition, 60-90% ipsilateral DA depletions were accompanied by 32% and 42% increases in DA and @entity3829 content in contralateral tissue, respectively. The possibility of the contralateral sprouting of DA terminals is discussed.

title: Increased XXXX release from striata of @entity35 after unilateral nigrostriatal bundle damage.

entities_list: @entity17106 :: ('MESH:D015107', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-butyrolactone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has been shown to induce anti- @entity5 immune responses in @entity5 @entity1 , but so far its clinical efficacy is limited. Recent evidence supports an immunogenic effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pre-clinical data indicate that the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy may result in an enhanced anti- @entity5 activity. Most studies have focused on the immunogenic aspect of chemotherapy-induced cell death, but only few studies have investigated the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the effector lymphocytes of the immune system. METHODS: Here we investigated the effect of treatment with @entity901 and @entity416 on non-specific and specific DC vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. Stage III @entity694 @entity1 receiving standard adjuvant @entity901 / @entity416 chemotherapy were vaccinated at the same time with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and @entity787 ( @entity787 )-peptide pulsed DCs. RESULTS: In 4 out of 7 @entity1 , functional @entity787 -specific T-cell responses were found at @entity56 ( @entity56 ) skin testing. In addition, we observed an enhanced non-specific T-cell reactivity upon @entity901 administration. KLH-specific T-cell responses remained unaffected by the chemotherapy, whereas B-cell responses were diminished. CONCLUSION: The results strongly support further testing of the combined use of specific anti- @entity5 vaccination with @entity901 -based chemotherapy.

title: A pilot study on the immunogenicity of dendritic cell vaccination during adjuvant @entity901 / XXXX chemotherapy in @entity694 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed type hypersensitivity', 'DTH']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: Inadequate intake and suboptimal growth are common problems for @entity1 with @entity1577 and a critical target for intervention. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1577 who participated in a randomized clinical trial to improve energy intake and weight to @entity1 with @entity1577 receiving standard of care during the same time period. Our primary outcome was change in body mass index z-score (BMI z-score) over 2 years. An exploratory outcome was forced expiratory volume at 1-sec (FEV(1) ) over 2 years. @entity1 were @entity1 ages 4-12 with @entity1577 , who participated in a randomized clinical trial of behavior plus nutrition intervention versus nutrition education alone, and a matched Comparison Sample receiving standard of care drawn from the @entity1577 Foundation (CFF) Registry. @entity1 in the Clinical Trial Group (N=67) participated in a 9-week, nutrition intervention and were followed at regular intervals (3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months) for 2 years post-treatment to obtain anthropometric and pulmonary function data. For each @entity1 in the Comparison Sample (N=346), these measures were obtained from the CFF Registry at matching intervals for the 27-month period corresponding to the clinical trial. Over 27 months, @entity1 in the Clinical Trial Group (the combined sample of the behavior plus nutrition and the nutrition alone) demonstrated significantly less decline in BMI z-score, -0.05 (SD=0.68, CI=   -0.23 to 0.13), as compared to @entity1 in the Comparison Sample, -0.21 (SD=0.67, CI=   -0.31 to -0.11). No statistically significant differences were found for decline in FEV(1) between @entity1 in the Clinical Trial Group and the Comparison Sample. The key implication of these findings is that intensive behavioral and nutritional intervention is effective and needs to be adapted so that it can be broadly disseminated into clinical practice.

title: The effects of an intensive behavior and nutrition intervention compared to standard of care on weight outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'Cystic Fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['CF']


abstract: A variety of disciplines including noninvasive and invasive cardiac methodologies, as well as epidemiologic studies, have provided information that has altered our view on the relation of @entity6 to @entity299 . Instead of an exclusive focus on @entity453 , it is now recognized that heart muscle can be independently involved in @entity6 @entity1 . In @entity6 without known @entity299 , abnormalities of left ventricular mechanical function have been demonstrated in 40 to 50% of subjects, and it is primarily a diastolic phenomenon. @entity4346 may eventually appear in the absence of @entity101 . The @entity67 appears related to interstitial collagen deposition, largely attributable to diminished degradation. The presence of even moderate @entity28 intensifies the abnormality. Reversibility of this process is not readily achieved with chronic insulin therapy. Experimental studies have indicated normalization of the collagen alteration by endurance training, begun relatively early in the disease process. General measures of management include the control of other cardiac risk factors and a reasonable program of physical activity. The high mortality during an initial acute @entity583 has been attributed to @entity712 , which is managed as in nondiabetic @entity1 . Recently, the early introduction of @entity117 , thrombolysis, and beta-adrenergic blockade has reduced mortality during the initial @entity1188 . Chronic use of the latter agent over the subsequent years has also proven to be more beneficial in @entity6 @entity1 with acute @entity583 compared with nondiabetic @entity1 .

title: Cardiac consequences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Impairment of immune surveillance in the immediate postoperative period may accelerate the growth of @entity5 cells that remain despite radical resection in advanced cases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of major surgical @entity130 on host cellular immunity of @entity356 cases. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity356 were divided into three subgroups according to the classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging, and they underwent surgery with a curative intent. Thirty-eight @entity5 -free @entity1 served as controls, and they underwent surgical management for benign diseases. Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) risk adjustment system was used to estimate the operative and physiological scores of @entity1 . Plasma @entity701 , serum @entity650 and high-sensitive @entity1851 levels were determined in order to assess the severity of @entity130 -related inflammatory response. The frequency of increased @entity6421 concentrations of @entity5 @entity1 was estimated by comparison with the average values of controls. RESULTS: Response of @entity650 to surgery was closely related with the postoperative @entity701 of @entity5 @entity1 , but not correlated with @entity6421 and high-sensitive @entity1851 levels. Although the extent of @entity5 invasion might have gradually decreased the macrophage response to surgical @entity130 , the overall increase in postoperative @entity6421 levels of @entity5 cases was highly significant. However, maximal frequency of increased @entity6421 concentration was obtained in advanced group. CONCLUSIONS: Macrophages might recognize the traumatic challenges in every stage of @entity356 . Increasing individual @entity6421 concentration was not solely specific for @entity5 growth, but it was partially predictive of immune competence even in advanced cases.

title: Influence of surgical @entity130 on @entity6421 concentrations in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: Differential diagnosis of @entity788 and @entity1689 is sometimes difficult and cytological examination of brushings or aspirated material collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remains disappointing. As point mutations in codon 12 of the c- @entity984 2 gene are found in most @entity788 and not in @entity1689 , this study analysed prospectively the presence of these mutations in brushing samples collected during ERCP in 45 @entity1 (26 males, 19 females) showing a dominant stricture of the main pancreatic duct at pancreatography: 24 with @entity788 , 16 with @entity1689 , and five intraductal mucin hypersecreting @entity5 . Twenty of 45 @entity1 presented equivocal ERCP findings that did not permit a definite diagnosis. @entity984 mutations at codon 12 were detected using a rapid and sensitive method based on polymerase chain reaction mediated restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and confirmed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Results were compared with those provided by routine brush cytology. A definitive diagnosis was established for each @entity1 . Mutations were detected in 20 of 24 @entity1 with @entity788 (83%), but in none of the @entity1689 @entity1 and intraductal mucin hypersecreting @entity5 , irrespective of their location. By contrast, only 13 of 24 @entity788 (54%) were detected by conventional cytological examination, which yielded four false negative and seven non-contributive results. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of molecular biological and cytological methods were 83%-76%, 100-83%, and 90%-58%, respectively. Notably the mutations could be detected in six @entity1 with small @entity5 size (< or = 2 cm). In conclusion, @entity984 analysis performed on pancreatic brushing samples is an efficient procedure, more accurate than cytology in the diagnosis of @entity788 , and highly specific in the differentiation between neoplastic and chronic inflammatory ductal changes, especially in @entity1 showing inconclusive ERCP findings.

title: Detection of XXXX gene codon 12 mutations from pancreatic duct brushings in the diagnosis of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['c-Ki-ras']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Therapy for recurrent @entity2718 -associated @entity294 (CDAD) is challenging. We evaluated the frequency, associated risk factors, and prognosis of first CDAD recurrences. Prospective cohort study of all consecutive cases of primary CDAD diagnosed in a university hospital from January 2006 to June 2013. Recurrent @entity281 was defined as reappearance of symptoms within 8  weeks of the primary diagnosis, provided that CDAD symptoms had previously resolved and a new toxin test was positive. Predictors of a first episode of recurrent CDAD were determined by logistic regression analysis. In total, 502 @entity1 (51.6  % @entity1 ) with a mean age of 62.3  years (SD 18.5) had CDAD; 379 (76  %) were cured, 61 (12  %) had a first recurrence, 52 (10  %) died within 30  days of the CDAD diagnosis, nine (2  %) required colectomy, and one was lost to follow-up. Among the 61 @entity1 with a first recurrence, 36 (59.3  %) were cured, 15 (23.7  %) had a second recurrence, nine (15.3  %) died, and one (1.7  %) required colectomy. On multivariate analysis, age older than 65  years (OR 2.04; 95  % CI, 1.14-3.68; P   <   0.02) and enteral nutrition (OR, 3.62; 95%CI, 1.66-7.87; P   <   0.01) were predictors of a first recurrence. A risk score was developed for first CDAD recurrence using the predictive factors and selected biological variables. In our CDAD cohort, 12  % of @entity1 had a first recurrence of this disease, in which the prognosis was less favorable than that of the primary episode, as it heralded a higher risk of additional recurrences. @entity1 age and enteral nutrition were predictors of a first recurrence.

title: First recurrence of @entity2718 XXXX : clinical relevance, risk factors, and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: @entity1 @entity3993 most commonly affects the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles, lungs, brain, eyes, liver and, rarely, the heart, thyroid and pancreas. Owing to vague clinical presentation and unfamiliarity of clinicians with this entity, it is difficult to diagnosis when seen as an isolated cyst. We present a case of a 16-year-old @entity1 who presented with an upper abdominal lump and @entity1087 . Ultrasonography (USG) and MRI of the abdomen were carried out, which revealed a @entity3928 (8.5*7*7   cm) in the pancreas. No evidence of solid component or papillary projections was noted within the lesion. Tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and @entity5 antigen (CA 19-9) were normal. Fine needle @entity1173 cytology was performed, which revealed the presence of cysticercus larvae, along with a foreign body giant cell reaction. The @entity1 was treated with therapeutic @entity1173 and antihelminthic therapy. Since then, he has been symptom free and under regular follow-up for the last 1   year. A diagnosis of @entity45 at atypical sites is very rare and depends mainly on histopathological examination, which, along with USG and MRI, can give an accurate analysis. These cysts can be very well treated non-surgically with antihelminthics and @entity1173 .

title: Isolated pancreatic XXXX presenting as a diagnostic challenge: diagnosis and treatment review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercal cyst']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['cysticercal cyst']


abstract: Continuous 72-hour infusions of @entity452 reportedly effect sustained clinical improvement in @entity1 with @entity712 . This study was designed to determine if shorter, more frequent infusions, delivered in an outpatient setting, elicit a similar response. Twenty-six @entity1 with moderately severe @entity712 were randomized, 11 into a control group and 15 into a @entity452 treatment group. Baseline data were collected for 4 weeks in each group. Thereafter, the @entity452 treatment group received 4-hour infusions of @entity452 weekly for 24 weeks. Systolic time intervals, echocardiography, cardiac index and treadmill exercise tolerance were used to follow the progress of the control and @entity452 treatment groups. The ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time and the cardiac index did not change significantly in either group. The velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and the percent change in the minor axis of the left ventricle during systole improved modestly (p less than 0.05) above baseline in the @entity452 group after 14 weeks of treatment and above the corresponding control values (p less than 0.05) after 22 weeks. Exercise tolerance (duration) improved 25--51% (all p less than 0.05) above baseline in the @entity452 group compared with 10--17% (all p greater than 0.05 vs baseline) in the control group. Heart rate at maximal exercise did not change significantly from baseline for either group and did not differ significantly between the two groups. Functional classification improved in 12 of 15 @entity452 treatment @entity1 and in only two of 11 control @entity1 (p less than 0.05). In our @entity1 with @entity712 , weekly 4-hour @entity452 infusions did not elicit a major change in resting left ventricular function; however, exercise performance and clinical status improved considerably.

title: Drug-induced conditioning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: The oocytes of the freshwater catfish @entity6528 hydrate during hormone-induced meiotic maturation. To investigate if this process may be mediated by aquaporins (AQPs), as it occurs in marine fish producing highly hydrated eggs, the cloning of ovarian AQPs in catfish was carried out. Using degenerate primers for conserved domains of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, and 5' and 3'end amplification procedures, a full-length cDNA encoding for an AQP1-like protein was isolated. The predicted protein showed the typical six transmembrane domains and two @entity22315 ( @entity5563 ) motifs conserved among the members of the AQP superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the catfish AQP clustered with the teleost-specific aquaporin-1b subfamily, and accordingly it was termed HfAqp1b. Heterologous expression in @entity1238 oocytes indicated that HfAqp1b encoded for a functional AQP, water permeability being enhanced by @entity268 . Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that @entity268 induced the translocation of HfAqp1b into the oocyte plasma membrane most likely through the phosphorylation of HfAqp1b Ser(227). In adult catfish, hfaqp1b transcripts were detected exclusively in ovary and brain and showed significant seasonal variations; in the ovary, hfaqp1b was maximally expressed during the pre-spawning period, whereas in the brain the highest expression was detected during spawning. In vitro stimulation of isolated catfish ovarian follicles with @entity10063 (VT) or @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which induce oocyte maturation and hydration, elevated the hfaqp1b transcript levels after 6 or 16 h of incubation, respectively. These results suggest that HfAqp1b may play a role during VT- and hCG-induced oocyte hydration in catfish, and that VT may regulate HfAqp1b at the transcriptional and post-translational level in a manner similar to the vasopressin-dependent @entity1 @entity7060 .

title: Molecular and functional characterization of catfish ( XXXX ) aquaporin-1b: changes in expression during ovarian development and hormone-induced follicular maturation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity6528 :: ('93621', 'Species') :: ['Heteropneustes fossilis']

entities_list: @entity10063 :: ('MESH:D014668', 'Chemical') :: ['vasotocin']

answer: @entity6528 :: (93621,Species) :: ['Heteropneustes fossilis']


abstract: Several studies have suggested a positive correlation between @entity1457 protein (hsp) expression and @entity5 immunogenicity. Independently, many studies have shown that hsp purified from @entity5 can be used as a @entity5 -specific vaccine. In this study, we have explored the connection between hsp expression and anti- @entity5 immunity by transducing @entity19 CT26 @entity694 cells with the cDNA of a major hsp, i.e. @entity16613 . We have shown that over-expression of @entity16613 has no effect on CT26 @entity5 cell growth in vitro, and does not inhibit their anchorage-independent growth capacity. However, in situ, @entity16613 over-expressing CT26 @entity5 (CT26- @entity16613 ) grew at a significantly reduced rate as compared to the wild-type CT26 @entity5 in immunocompetent @entity19 . Moreover, immunization of @entity19 with inactivated CT26- @entity16613 cells significantly inhibited the growth of wild-type CT26 @entity5 . This immunity was associated with an increased frequency of @entity5 -specific T cells after vaccination. An in vivo antibody depletion assay demonstrated that inactivated CT26- @entity16613 cells elicited anti- @entity5 responses involving CD8(+) T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, but not CD4(+) T cells. Lastly, the effect of the addition of @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) to these vaccine formulations was determined. @entity19 immunized with irradiated CT26- @entity16613 cells combined with @entity2304 -producing bystander cells revealed a complete inhibition of CT26 @entity5 growth, indicating a synergy between inactivated CT26- @entity16613 vaccine activity and @entity2304 . These observations demonstrate that manipulation of @entity16613 expression in @entity5 , specifically when combined with @entity2304 , represents a potentially powerful approach to @entity5 vaccine formulation.

title: XXXX over-expression increases the immunogenicity of the @entity19 CT26 @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity16613 :: (15505(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Hsp110']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intrapleural chemotherapy (IPC) with @entity900 and @entity2592 in the management of @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective analysis was carried out on 40 @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity3483 from @entity1149 who had received IPC. A single dose of @entity900 100 mg/m(2) plus @entity2592 1200 mg/m(2) in 250 ml normal saline was instilled into the pleural space via a chest tube and drained 4 hours later. @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and responses at 1, 2, _ 3 weeks and then at monthly intervals if possible. Systemic chemotherapy was administered, if the @entity1 agreed to receive it, after achieving complete control (CC) of @entity3483 . RESULTS: The median duration of chest tube insertion for drainage was 7 (3 approximately 32) days. Among the assessable 37 @entity1 , CC and partial control (PC) were 32 (86.5%) and 4 (10.8%) @entity1 , respectively (overall response rate 97.3%). The median duration of response was 12 months (2 approximately 23) and there were only two relapses of IPC after achieving CC. Among the 35 @entity1 who were assessable until they died, 28 @entity1 (80.0%) maintained CC until the last follow-up. There was only one toxic death and the @entity137 of IPC, versus the results obtained, were deemed acceptable. CONCLUSION: The procedures were tolerable to the @entity1 and chemotherapy-induced complications were at an acceptable level. The outcome of this trial indicates that @entity5524 has a superior and long lasting treatment response in the management of @entity1 with @entity3483 from @entity1149 .

title: Intrapleural chemotherapy with @entity900 and XXXX in the management of @entity3483 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytarabine']


abstract: In mammals, early fetal germ cells are unique in their ability to initiate the spermatogenesis or oogenesis programs dependent of their somatic environment. In @entity19 , female germ cells enter into meiosis at 13.5 dpc whereas in the male, germ cells undergo @entity1167 . Recent findings indicate that @entity25393 , a @entity309 -degrading enzyme, is a key factor preventing @entity1613 in the fetal testis. Here, we report evidence for additional testicular pathways involved in the prevention of fetal meiosis. Using a co-culture model in which an undifferentiated XX gonad is cultured with a fetal or neonatal testis, we demonstrated that the testis prevented the @entity1613 and induced male germ cell differentiation in the XX gonad. This testicular effect disappeared when male meiosis starts in the neonatal testis and was not directly due to @entity25393 expression. Moreover, neither @entity309 nor @entity3102 , an inhibitor of @entity25393 , completely prevented testicular inhibition of meiosis in co-cultured ovary. We found that secreted factor(s), with molecular weight greater than 10 kDa contained in conditioned media from cultured fetal testes, inhibited meiosis in the XX gonad. Lastly, although both Sertoli and interstitial cells inhibited meiosis in XX germ cells, only interstitial cells induced @entity1167 in germ cell. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that male germ cell determination is supported by additional non-retinoid secreted factors inhibiting both meiosis and mitosis and produced by the testicular somatic cells during fetal and neonatal life.

title: New testicular mechanisms involved in the prevention of fetal meiotic initiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of meiosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic arrest']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: For fumigants, information on transport and fate as well as pest control is needed to develop management practices with the fewest negative environmental effects while offering sufficient pest control efficacy. For this purpose, a 2-D soil chamber with a surface-mounted flux chamber was designed to determine volatilization, real-time soil gas-phase concentration, degradation, and organism survivability after @entity11906 ( @entity17849 ) fumigation. Three types of pests were used to give a broad spectrum of pest control information. An infected sandy loam soil with a volumetric water content of 10.6% was packed carefully into the 2-D chamber to a bulk density of 1.34 g cm(-3). After @entity17849 fumigation at a rate of 56.4 kg ha(-1) for 24 h, about 28.9% of @entity17849 was emitted into air, 6.8% remained in the soil, and 43.6% degraded in the soil (based on the residual @entity6893 concentration). The uncertainty in the measured @entity17849 degradation using @entity6893 concentration was thought to mainly contribute to the unrecovered @entity17849 (about 20%). The citrus @entity2199 [Tylenchulus semipenetrans] were effectively eliminated even at low concentration-time (CT) values (<30 microg h mL(-1)), but all @entity4278 survived. The response of barnyardgrass seeds [Echinochloa crus-galli] spatially varied with the CT values in the chamber. To fully control barnyardgrass seeds, CT of greater than 300 microg h mL(-1) was required. Using this experimental approach, different fumigant emission reduction strategies can be tested, and mathematical models can be verified to determine which strategies produce the least emission to the atmosphere while maintaining sufficient pest control efficacy.

title: Transport and fate of XXXX and its pest control in soils.

entities_list: @entity11906 :: ('MESH:C014055', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl iodide']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']

answer: @entity11906 :: (MESH:C014055,Chemical) :: ['methyl iodide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether the association between illness-related @entity6 social support (IRDSS) and glycemic control among middle-aged and older adults is different for @entity1 and @entity1 . METHOD: This cross-sectional analysis included 914 adults with @entity6 who completed the Health and Retirement Study's 2003 Mail Survey on @entity6 . IRDSS is a composite score of 8 @entity6 self-care measures. Hemoglobin A1c levels were obtained to measure good glycemic control (<8.0%). Gender-stratified multivariate log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios and examine the association between IRDSS and glycemic control after controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of good glycemic control was 48.9% among @entity1 and 51.1% among @entity1 . Mean composite IRDSS scores did not differ by gender. Among @entity1 , composite IRDSS was associated with adequate glycemic control (prevalence ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.08), and all individual components of IRDSS, with the exception of keeping appointments, were positively associated with adequate glycemic control. No significant associations were observed in @entity1 for composite or individual components of IRDSS. DISCUSSION: Determining the gender-specific impact derived from IRDSS is a worthwhile approach to highlighting factors that differentially predict optimal glycemic control among middle-aged and older adults.

title: Gender, Illness-Related XXXX Social Support, and Glycemic Control Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Chemically-induced quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) are established clinical tools to assess thin fiber function in @entity1 . We investigated stimulus-response functions to transcutaneous electrical stimuli of different current intensity (3.75 to 10mA) and pulse frequency (5 to 100Hz) comparing sweat output (ml/h/m(2)) and @entity158 intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS], 0-10). Efferent sudomotor and afferent nociceptive responses were recorded after a 30s electrical stimulation period of distal (hand and foot) and proximal (forearm and thorax) body sites with 3 repetitive measures per body site. Sweat responses increased intensity dependently and peaked (~100ml/h/m(2)) at highest currents (10mA) that had been administered. Similarly, @entity158 ratings increased with an escalating current intensity. At a constant stimulus intensity of 7.5mA, sudomotor activity was highest (~75ml/h/m(2)) at a stimulus frequency of 20Hz without further increase at 50 or 100Hz. In contrast, @entity158 ratings increased frequency dependently and reached NRS 7 at 100Hz. Sudomotor activity, but not @entity158 ratings, was significantly different between the body sites (p<0.05, ANOVA) with maximum sweat responses obtained at the ventral forearm. Varying response patterns for higher stimulation frequencies between sweating (peak maximum at 20Hz) and @entity158 (maximum at 100Hz) might indicate differential axonal properties of sympathetic efferent and nociceptive afferent fibers. Electrically induced QSART could be a useful explorative and clinical method to indirectly study characteristics of frequency-dependent axonal excitability changes of sudomotor fibers.

title: Electrically induced quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test in XXXX volunteers.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']