abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity309 should aim at clinical remission. This multicentre, randomised trial with 2-year follow-up sought evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy ( @entity3378 , @entity1499 , @entity6383 , and @entity617 ) compared with treatment with a single disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, with or without @entity617 , in the treatment of early @entity309 . METHODS: 199 @entity1 were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. 195 started the treatment (97 received combination and 98 single drug therapy). Single-drug therapy in all @entity1 started with @entity3378 ; in 51 @entity1 methotrexate was later substituted. Oral @entity617 was required by 63 @entity1 . The primary outcome measure was induction of remission. Analyses were intention to treat. FINDINGS: 87 @entity1 in the combination group and 91 in the single-therapy group completed the trial. After a year, remission was achieved in 24 of 97 @entity1 with combination therapy, and 11 of 98 with single-drug therapy (p=0.011). The remission frequencies at 2 years were 36 of 97 and 18 of 98 (p=0.003). Clinical improvement (American College of Rheumatology criteria of 50% clinical response) was achieved after 1 year in 68 (75%) @entity1 with combination therapy, and in 56 (60%) using single-drug therapy (p=0.028), while at the 2-year visit 69 and 57 respectively (71% vs 58%, p=0.058) had clinically improved. The frequencies of adverse events were similar in both treatment groups. INTERPRETATION: Combination therapy was better and not more hazardous than single treatment in induction of remission in early @entity309 . The combination strategy as an initial therapy seems to increase the efficacy of the treatment in at least a proportion of @entity1 with early @entity309 .

title: Comparison of combination therapy with single-drug therapy in early XXXX : a randomised trial. FIN-RACo trial group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Proliferative breast lesions, such as @entity1869 ( @entity1869 ) and @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ), are candidate precursors to @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and @entity3 . To better understand the relationship of breast lesions to more advanced disease, we used microdissection and DNA microarrays to profile the gene expression of @entity1 -matched histologically normal (HN), @entity1373 , and @entity3821 from 12 @entity1 with @entity172 receptor positive @entity0 . @entity1869 were profiled from a subset of cases. We found 837 differentially expressed genes between @entity3821 -HN and 447 between @entity1373 -HN, with >90% of the @entity1373 -HN genes also present among the @entity3821 -HN genes. Only 61 genes were identified between @entity1373 - @entity3821 . Expression differences were reproduced in an independent cohort of @entity1 -matched lesions by quantitative real-time PCR. Many @entity0 -related genes and pathways were dysregulated in @entity1373 and maintained in @entity3821 . Particularly, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix interactions were overrepresented. Focal adhesion was the top pathway in each gene set. We conclude that @entity1373 and @entity3821 share highly similar gene expression and are distinct from HN. In contrast, @entity1869 appear more similar to HN. These data provide genetic evidence that @entity1373 (but not @entity1869 ) are often precursors to @entity5 and suggest @entity5 -related genetic changes, particularly adhesion and extracellular matrix pathways, are dysregulated before invasion and even before malignancy is apparent. These findings could lead to novel risk stratification, prevention, and treatment approaches.

title: Early dysregulation of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix pathways in XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['ADH', 'atypical ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['simple ductal hyperplasia', 'SH']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The olfactory and gustatory functions of @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ) @entity1 have not been documented by validated tests. @entity1697 may interfere with the olfactory and gustatory functions. Fifty-four @entity1884 @entity1 were investigated by smell/taste tests. METHODS: @entity1884 @entity1 provided subjective ratings in areas such as ability to perceive smell/taste. "Sniffin' Sticks" were used for smell tests, and taste strips were used for taste tests. RESULTS: @entity1884 @entity1 rated their subjective olfactory and gustatory function on a visual analog scale from 0 (none) to 100 (high) as 65.3    27.7 and 68.1    25.1, respectively. Comparison of smell test results of @entity1884 @entity1 with normative data of sex- and age-matched controls from Hummel et al. revealed that @entity1884 @entity1 had lower threshold values, whereas there was no difference in identification and discrimination values. @entity1884 @entity1 were hyposmic. In the case of taste qualities, all values (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) in @entity1884 @entity1 were lower than those in normative data of Mueller et al. However, @entity1884 @entity1 were not hypogeusic. The duration of disease, extranasal manifestation, and treatments did not significantly correlate with smell/taste test values. CONCLUSION: Compared with healthy @entity1 , @entity1884 @entity1 exhibit reduced olfactory and gustatory function; however, @entity1884 @entity1 are hyposmic and not hypogeusic. This chemosensory deficit may highlight an early sign of disease and has no correlation with disease severity. @entity1884 @entity1 should be informed about these potential disease manifestations, thus enabling them to improve their quality of life.

title: Does XXXX affect olfactory or gustatory function?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Disorders of the nasal/oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia', 'HHT']

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Initial @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) for @entity263 with combined @entity342 blockade (luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone agonist [LHRH agonist] plus antiandrogen) is not recommended in British Columbia (BC). However, this is difficult to monitor since ADT includes concurrent antiandrogen for the first month of LHRH agonist to prevent disease flare. We describe the prevalence of @entity17698 use in BC and its financial impact. METHODS: This was a population-based, retrospective analysis. @entity1 started on LHRH agonist in January 2005 to December 2006 were identified from the BC Cancer Agency database. @entity17698 was defined as greater than 1 month of antiandrogen concurrently with LHRH agonist. Incremental cost of @entity17698 was based on an average 18 months of therapy from the pivotal @entity17698 study. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was based on life-year gained (LYG) from the @entity263 Trialists' Collaborative Group meta-analysis. Estimated financial impact for 2007-2008 was based on an annual increase by 5.5% in prevalence of @entity263 in BC. RESULTS: A total of 2751 @entity1 were identified. @entity17698 was used in 607 @entity1 (22%), associated with an incremental cost of CDN 1768 and ICER of CDN 11,220/LYG per @entity1 . Total incremental cost was @entity2428 ,073,176 and estimated to be @entity2428 ,398,644 for January 2007 to December 2008. CONCLUSION: Nearly one-quarter of @entity1 were treated with @entity17698 for @entity263 even though it was not recommended in BC. Additional cost of @entity17698 use was considerable, at CDN 1768 per @entity1 . With increased prevalence of @entity263 , this has important budget implication for funding agencies which do to recommend @entity17698 .

title: Use of combined XXXX blockade for advanced @entity263 in British Columbia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence on radiosensitivity of @entity2 cells when excisions repair cross-complementing group1 ( @entity13139 ) gene was silenced by targeted siRNA. METHODS: siRNA which targeting to @entity13139 and control siRNA was designed and synthesized. The @entity1 @entity2 SPC-A-1 cells was transfected. A total of 56 @entity19 were divided into two groups, and two kinds of SPC-A-1  cells were transplanted to armpit of right forelimb, to establish the @entity19 subcutaneous @entity5 model of @entity1 @entity2 cells. After the @entity5 was developed, the @entity19 were randomly divided into four groups and accepted different doses of X- @entity16039 radiation, then the change of @entity5 volume, survival time of @entity19 in every group were recorded and the average lifetime was calculated. Twenty-one days later of X- @entity16039 experiment, two @entity19 were taken and killed in each group and the @entity5 organizations were stripped. The cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle distributions were obtained by FCM (flow cytometry). RESULTS: The volume of @entity5 which @entity13139 gene was silenced was less than single irradiation group after X- @entity16039 irradiation, and the growth speed was slower and the lifetime of @entity19 was lengthened as well (P  <  0.05). The cells apoptosis rate and the rate of G2/M cells which @entity13139 gene was silenced were higher than the same dose control group and the rate of G1 cells were lower, which indicated that the cells could be stopped at G2/M point, the cell proliferation was inhibited, the cell apoptosis was promoted and the radiation sensitivity was improved after the @entity13139 was silenced. CONCLUSIONS: The radiation sensitivity of lung glandular @entity5 could be improved after the @entity13139 gene was silenced by siRNA.

title: Influence on radiosensitivity of @entity2 cells when XXXX gene silenced by targeted siRNA.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'xenotransplanted tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung glandular cancer']

answer: @entity13139 :: (13870(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ERCC1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study distribution of @entity3979 among @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and to assess correlation between radiotherapy (RT) and location of @entity850 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A Swedish @entity0 cohort diagnosed from 1970 to 2003 was linked to registers of coronary angiography from 1990 to 2004, which yielded 199 @entity1 . Stenoses of the coronary arteries were graded from 0 to 5, where 0 indicated a normal vessel and 5 indicated occlusion. Two hotspot areas for radiation were defined: proximal right coronary artery (prox RCA), mid and distal left anterior descending artery and distal diagonal (mdLAD + dD). RT regimens were categorized as high or low risk of irradiating the hotspot areas. Left breast/chest wall was considered high risk for mdLAD + dD; left internal mammary chain (IMC), high risk for prox RCA and mdLAD + dD from 1970 to 1995 and thereafter solely for mdLAD + dD; and right IMC, high risk for prox RCA. Other RT targets and no RT were considered low risk. Results were expressed in odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: For irradiated left- versus right-sided @entity0 , the OR for grade 3 to 5 @entity850 in mdLAD + dD was 4.38 (95% CI, 1.64 to 11.7), and for grade 4 to 5 @entity850 , the OR was 7.22 (95% CI, 1.64 to 31.8). For high-risk RT versus low-risk or no RT, the OR for grade 3 to 5 @entity850 in hotspot areas was 1.90 (95% CI, 1.11 to 3.24). CONCLUSION: An @entity850 in mdLAD + dD in irradiated left-sided @entity0 and an association between high-risk RT and @entity850 in hotspot areas for radiation indicate a direct link between radiation and location of coronary stenoses.

title: Distribution of XXXX after radiation for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['increase of stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: @entity5 development is a multistep process that involves both the activation of protooncogenes and the inactivation of @entity5 suppressor genes. Furthermore, both epidemiological and experimental data indicate that a third class of genes, @entity5 susceptibility genes, control the propensity to develop carcinogen-induced @entity5 . Recent studies suggest that @entity5 susceptibility is determined by the combined effect of both sensitivity and resistance genes. The @entity19 skin model of multistage @entity105 is an excellent paradigm in which to study the genetics of @entity5 susceptibility. This is particularly true with regard to @entity5 promotion, a process that occurs in other organs and species including @entity1 . We have studied the genetics of @entity5 promotion susceptibility in the @entity19 two-stage @entity1489 model using crosses between sensitive DBA/2 or C3H and resistant C57BL/6 @entity19 . Our results suggest that @entity865 promotion susceptibility is a multigenic trait. We have tentatively mapped one @entity5 susceptibility locus, @entity21139 , to @entity19 chromosome 9 and are currently identifying and characterizing candidate @entity5 susceptibility genes that map to this chromosomal region. The multistage model of @entity105 in @entity19 skin has, for more than 50 years, provided a conceptual framework from which to study the @entity105 process. Many concepts now currently applied to other tissues and model systems were originally derived from the @entity19 skin model. Because @entity5 promotion is an important component of @entity105 in @entity1 , the identification of genes that modify response to @entity5 -promoting stimuli would be a significant advancement in our understanding of the genetic basis of susceptibility to @entity5 .

title: Genetics of XXXX promotion.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin tumor']


abstract: Cerebral grey matter volume reductions are progressive in @entity161 , with larger grey matter volume decreases associated with cannabis use. It is unknown whether this grey matter loss is globally distributed over the entire brain or more pronounced in specific cortical brain regions. Fifty-one @entity1 with recent-onset @entity161 and 31 matched healthy subjects were included. For all subjects, magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained at inclusion and at 5-year follow-up. Nineteen @entity1 (ab-)used cannabis but no other illicit drugs; 32 @entity1 and the healthy comparison subjects did not use any drugs during the 5-year follow-up. At follow-up, clinical outcome was measured. To evaluate the local differences in cortical thickness change over five years between the two groups regression analysis was carried out over the cortical surface. At inclusion cortical thickness did not differ between @entity1 and controls and between cannabis-using and non-using @entity1 . Over the follow-up period we found excessive thinning of the right supplementary motor cortex, @entity75 , superior temporal gyrus, angular gyrus, occipital and parietal lobe in @entity1 relative to controls after controlling for cannabis use. @entity1 who used cannabis showed additional thinning in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and @entity1625 as compared to those @entity1 that did not use cannabis during the scan interval. First-episode @entity161 @entity1 who use cannabis show a more pronounced cortical thinning than non-using @entity1 in areas known for their high density of @entity6510 receptors, such as the ACC and the DLPFC.

title: Cannabis use and progressive cortical thickness loss in areas rich in @entity6510 receptors during the first five years of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['left occipital lobe']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior frontal cortex']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: 15 @entity1 with unilateral @entity7995 and 2 @entity1 with @entity1781 were treated with 1000 mg @entity1667 i.v. per day for 5 days. In the cases of unilateral @entity7995 , visual acuity was reduced to < or = 0.1, in those with @entity1781 to < or = 0.6 in the better eye. The treatment was started one to 70 days after the onset of the @entity5013 . We examined whether vision recovered rapidly during the treatment. As a rapid recovery we defined a fourfold improvement on a logarithmic scale during the 5 days of @entity1667 medication. Such a rapid recovery was found in 11 of the 15 @entity1 with unilateral and in 1 of the 2 @entity1 with @entity1781 . A similar recovery was not found before and after the treatment interval. Although we did not have a control group, the correlation in time between the therapy and the rapid recovery suggests that the megadose @entity230 were effective in our @entity1 . This interpretation is compatible with the results of the randomized controlled multicenter trial of Beck et al. (New Engl. J. Med. 326:81, 1992): However, the beneficial effect was seen up to 6 months only; one year after treatment, visual functions did no longer differ between the megadose and the placebo groups. Low-dose oral @entity230 did not improve visual function at any time and carried a higher risk for new episodes of @entity5013 , compared to placebo. Therefore, the "traditional" low-dose @entity134 therapy for @entity7995 has become obsolete.

title: [Short-term effect of megadose @entity134 therapy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: @entity551 is a disorder of @entity3485 due to iatrogenic or spontaneous spinal CSF leakage. Rarely, positional @entity10 may progress to @entity772 , with frequent misdiagnosis. The authors review reported cases of verified @entity551 -associated @entity772 , including 3 previously unpublished cases, totaling 29. Most @entity1 presented with @entity10 prior to @entity16 , with positional symptoms elicited in almost half. Eight @entity1 had recently undergone a spinal procedure such as lumbar drainage. Diagnostic workup almost always began with a head CT scan. Subdural collections were present in 86%; however, @entity551 was frequently unrecognized as the underlying cause. Twelve @entity1 underwent one or more procedures to evacuate the collections, sometimes with transiently improved mental status. However, no @entity1 experienced lasting @entity16 after subdural fluid evacuation alone, and some deteriorated further. @entity551 was diagnosed in most @entity1 via MRI studies, which were often obtained due to failure to improve after @entity3439 ( @entity3439 ) evacuation. Once the diagnosis of @entity551 was made, placement of epidural blood patches was curative in 85% of @entity1 . Twenty-seven @entity1 (93%) experienced favorable outcomes after diagnosis and treatment; 1 @entity1 died, and 1 @entity1 had a morbid outcome secondary to duret @entity548 . The literature review revealed that numerous additional @entity1 with clinical histories consistent with @entity551 but no radiological confirmation developed @entity3439 following a spinal procedure. Several such @entity1 experienced poor outcomes, and there were multiple deaths. To facilitate recognition of this treatable but potentially life-threatening condition, the authors propose criteria that should prompt @entity551 workup in the @entity772 @entity1 and present a stepwise management algorithm to guide the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX producing reversible @entity772 : a systematic review, including three new cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma', 'SDH']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neurological improvement']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma', 'comatose']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['CSF hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension', 'Intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Intracranial hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel, biodegradable, @entity2636 scaffold was designed to fulfill an unmet clinical need in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity158 irreparable partial @entity154 . HYPOTHESIS: The use of an acellular @entity2636 scaffold for new tissue generation in irreparable partial @entity154 provides both @entity158 relief and improved functionality. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with irreparable partial @entity154 (34 medial and 18 lateral, 88% with 1-3 previous surgeries on the index meniscus) were implanted with a @entity2636 scaffold in a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, proof-of-principle study. Safety was assessed by the rate of scaffold-related serious adverse events (SAEs) and the International Cartilage Repair Society articular cartilage scoring system comparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 months to MRI at baseline (1 week). Kaplan-Meier time to treatment failure distributions were performed. Clinical outcomes were measured comparing visual analog scale, International Knee Documentation Committee, @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS), and Lysholm scores at 24 months from baseline (entry into study). RESULTS: Clinically and statistically significant improvements (P < .0001) compared with baseline were reported in all clinical outcome scores (baseline/24 months): visual analog scale (45.7/20.3), International Knee Documentation Committee (45.4/70.1), KOOS symptoms (64.6/78.3), @entity158 (57.5/78.6), KOOS activities of daily living (68.8/84.2), KOOS sports (30.5/59.0), KOOS quality of life (33.9/56.6), and Lysholm (60.1/80.7), demonstrating improvements in both @entity158 and function. The incidence of treatment failure was 9 (17.3%) @entity1 , of which 3 @entity1 (8.8%) had medial @entity154 and 6 @entity1 (33.3%) had lateral @entity154 . There were 9 SAEs requiring reoperation. Stable or improved International Cartilage Repair Society cartilage grades were observed in 92.5% of @entity1 between baseline and 24 months. CONCLUSION: At 2 years after implantation, safety and clinical outcome data from this study support the use of the @entity2636 scaffold for the treatment of irreparable, @entity158 .

title: Successful treatment of XXXX irreparable partial @entity154 with a @entity2636 scaffold: two-year safety and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal defects']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee Injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful, partial meniscal defects', 'pain', 'KOOS pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: Study Type - Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The effect of advancing age on the clinicopathological outcomes of @entity1 with germ cell @entity5 remains uncertain. Through the review and comparison of the present large cohort of @entity1 with @entity5 , we report on our experience in @entity1 aged >= 50 years. Our results showed similar clinical and pathological characteristics, and survival outcomes that compare favourably with those of @entity1 aged <50 years. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of age on clinicopathological findings and disease recurrence in @entity1 with nonseminomatous @entity5 (NSGCT) undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). @entity1 AND METHODS: We identified 1246 @entity1 with NSGCT who underwent either primary or post-chemotherapy-RPLND (PC-RPLND) between 1989 and 2006 from our prospective @entity5 database.     Perioperative characteristics were compared among @entity1 aged < or >= 50 years.     Multivariable models were used to evaluate the association of age with disease-free survival, controlling for established clinical and pathological features. RESULTS: Of 514 @entity1 undergoing primary and 732 @entity1 undergoing PC-RPLND, 12 (2.3%) and 23 (3.1%) were aged >= 50 years, respectively.     There were no significant differences between @entity1 aged < or >= 50 years for perioperative clinicopathological characteristics, with the exception of pre-RPLND CT nodal size.     The pathological distributions at primary RPLND were similar in @entity1 aged < or >= 50 years. After PC-RPLND, there were no differences in RPLND histology, number of lymph nodes resected, estimated @entity190 , hospital stay, or perioperative complication rate.     Age at surgery was not a significant predictor of disease recurrence when subjected to a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that age at RPLND does not predict for disease recurrence and @entity1 aged >= 50 years had similar pre- and postoperative characteristics to those aged <50 years.     We conclude that RPLND can be safely performed in @entity1 aged >= 50 years and these @entity1 should be offered optimal treatment regimens for NSGCT as directed according to established guidelines.

title: Impact of age on clinicopathological outcomes and recurrence-free survival after the surgical management of nonseminomatous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancers', 'germ cell tumour', 'testis cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['germ cell tumour']


abstract: @entity2347 of the nasopharynx is an occurrence with only 44 previously reported cases in the English literature. We report herein one additional case. This 62-year-old female @entity1 suffered from right facial numbness for 1 year. A CT scan of the brain showed @entity5 shadow in right C-P angle. Subsequently, the @entity1 underwent a temporal craniotomy. A mass was noted in medial temporal fossa, encasing the trigeminal nerve. The @entity5 was totally removed and pathologic examination showed a picture of metastatic @entity2347 . High resolution CT scan of nasopharynx after surgery revealed bulging of fossa of Rosenm  ller, although no gross abnormality was found in the mirror examination of nasopharynx. Thus, nasopharyngeal biopsy was done resulting in a diagnosis of @entity2347 which was considered to be the primary site of origin. The @entity1 received radiotherapy and she was followed up in our clinic.

title: [ XXXX of the nasopharynx with intracranial metastasis--a case report].

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: 1. We examined the effects of @entity1667 on the levels of messenger RNA encoding for extracellular matrix components, including @entity31211 chain, @entity34622 chains, heparan @entity597 proteoglycan and alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) collagen chains, and on the accumulation of these proteins in the renal cortex of New Zealand Black/White F1 @entity19 . 2. At the onset of @entity1310 , at about 5 months of age, New Zealand Black/White F1 @entity19 were divided in two groups that received either @entity1667 or saline injections for 5 months. 3. The development of histological lesions and the glomerular deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 were suppressed by @entity1667 treatment from 5 to 10 months of age. 4. The distribution and intensity of type IV collagen, laminin, heparan @entity597 proteoglycan, type I collagen and type III collagen in renal cortex were decreased by the administration of @entity1667 . 5. Levels of messenger RNA encoding for @entity31211 chain, @entity34622 chains, heparan @entity597 proteoglycan and alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) collagen chains in the renal cortex of New Zealand Black/White F1 @entity19 were significantly ameliorated at 8-10 months of age by @entity1667 administration. 6. These results indicate that @entity1667 treatment can serve as an effective therapeutic approach to abnormal extracellular matrix regulation in @entity19 @entity1988 .

title: Glucocorticoid ameliorates altered gene expression of extracellular matrix components in kidneys of New Zealand black/white F1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In order to evaluate the natural history, prognostic parameters and treatment modalities for metastatic @entity2184 , a review of the clinical data from the current literature was performed based on a Medline database search. @entity2184 represents approximately 5% of all @entity320 . It is a distinct clinico-pathological entity, differing in many aspects from cutaneous @entity320 . The clinical course is unpredictable and @entity3 can develop very late after a long disease-free interval. @entity2184 metastasizes haematogenously, predominantly to the liver. The most Important prognostic parameters for primary @entity2184 are @entity5 diameter, the @entity1 's age and gender, histological features and @entity5 location. Systemic chemotherapy that is effective in cutaneous @entity320 has failed to show activity in @entity2184 . So far only the BOLD chemotherapy regimen ( @entity2699 , @entity11770 , @entity1891 and @entity1732 ) combined with interferon-alpha has been shown to produce an objective @entity5 response in approximately 20% of previously untreated @entity1 . For @entity3 localized to the liver, intra-arterial application of @entity23635 or @entity3003 or chemoembolization with @entity900 have shown useful activity, resulting in a response in up to 40% of @entity1 . Selected @entity1 may benefit from palliative surgery. Immunotherapy with @entity1199 or interferon-alpha has not shown consistent activity in metastatic @entity2184 . In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity2184 metastatic to the liver should undergo one of the local treatment options. Carefully selected @entity1 with @entity6687 or @entity1 failing local treatment may benefit from systemic therapy using the BOLD regimen combined with interferon.

title: XXXX : natural history and treatment options for @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['Uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity23635 :: ('MESH:C054368', 'Chemical') :: ['fotemustine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['Uveal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed at evaluating face and content validity, feasibility and reliability of process quality indicators developed previously in the United States or other countries. The indicators can be used to evaluate care and services for vulnerable older adults affected by @entity73 or @entity303 within an integrated service system in Quebec, Canada. METHODS: A total of 33 clinical experts from three major urban centres in Quebec formed a panel representing two medical specialties (family medicine, geriatrics) and seven health or social services specialties (nursing, occupational therapy, psychology, neuropsychology, pharmacy, nutrition, social work), from primary or secondary levels of care, including long-term care. A modified version of the RAND(R)/University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) appropriateness method, a two-round Delphi panel, was used to assess face and content validity of process quality indicators. The appropriateness of indicators was evaluated according to a) agreement of the panel with three criteria, defined as a median rating of 7-9 on a nine-point rating scale, and b) agreement among panellists, judged by the statistical measure of the interpercentile range adjusted for symmetry. Feasibility of quality assessment and reliability of appropriate indicators were then evaluated within a pilot study on 29 @entity1 affected by @entity73 or @entity303 . For measurable indicators the inter-observer reliability was calculated with the Kappa statistic. RESULTS: Initially, 82 indicators for care of vulnerable older adults with @entity73 or @entity303 were submitted to the panellists. Of those, 72 (88%) were accepted after two rounds. Among 29 @entity1 for whom medical files of the preceding two years were evaluated, 63 (88%) of these indicators were considered applicable at least once, for at least one @entity1 . Only 22 indicators were considered applicable at least once for ten or more out of 29 @entity1 . Four indicators could be measured with the help of a validated questionnaire on @entity1 satisfaction. Inter-observer reliability was moderate (Kappa = 0.57). CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary panel of experts judged a large majority of the initial indicators valid for use in integrated care systems for vulnerable older adults in Quebec, Canada. Most of these indicators can be measured using @entity1 files or @entity1 or caregiver interviews and reliability of assessment from @entity1 -files is moderate.

title: Selecting process quality indicators for the integrated care of vulnerable older adults affected by @entity73 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: A phase 1 study of intravesical @entity2664 was done in @entity1 with superficial @entity150 recurrent after previous intravesical therapy. @entity2664 (5 to 10.5 mg.) was instilled in the bladder via catheter and was left in situ for 2 hours. Each @entity1 received 6 treatments at 1-week intervals. Pharmacology studies were conducted in a subset of consenting @entity1 . Dysuria, urinary frequency and @entity811 were dose-limiting at 10 to 10.5 mg., the dose recommended for our phase 2 studies. One @entity1 treated with 7.5 mg. @entity2664 had @entity1494 after severe @entity1494 caused by the drug. The interval free of recurrence increased in 5 of 8 @entity1 treated with 10 to 10.5 mg. @entity2664 and in 6 of 19 treated at lower dose levels. One @entity1 who had residual evaluable @entity5 in the bladder at treatment experienced a complete remission for 16 months. Only 1 of 18 @entity1 who underwent pharmacology studies had any @entity2664 detectable in the blood after intravesical administration. This @entity1 had severe irritative symptoms at treatment. No systemic @entity137 was noted in any @entity1 . Of the @entity2664 instilled into the bladder 33 to 100% (mean 75%) was recovered in the specimen voided at the end of treatment. In summary, intravesical @entity2664 is reasonably well tolerated and should be studied further at a dose of 10 mg. per week for 6 weeks. Caution should be exercised, since @entity1494 was seen in 1 @entity1 . Systemic absorption and @entity137 are negligible.

title: Phase I and pharmacology study of intravesical XXXX for recurrent superficial @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder injury', 'bladder contracture']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a real-time computerized decision support tool in the emergency department that guides medication dosing for the elderly on physician ordering behavior and on @entity137 ( @entity137 ). DESIGN: A prospective controlled trial was conducted over 26 weeks. The status of the decision support tool alternated OFF (7/17/06-8/29/06), ON (8/29/06-10/10/06), OFF (10/10/06-11/28/06), and ON (11/28/06-1/16/07) in consecutive blocks during the study period. In @entity1 >= 65 who were ordered certain @entity1245 , opiates, non-steroidals, or sedative-hypnotics, the computer application either adjusted the dosing or suggested a different medication. Physicians could accept or reject recommendations. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome compared medication ordering consistent with recommendations during ON versus OFF periods. Secondary outcomes included the admission rate, emergency department length of stay for discharged @entity1 , 10-fold dosing orders, use of a second drug to reverse the original medication, and rate of @entity137 using previously validated explicit chart review. RESULTS: 2398 orders were placed for 1407 @entity1 over 1548 visits. The majority (49/53; 92.5%) of recommendations for alternate medications were declined. More orders were consistent with dosing recommendations during ON (403/1283; 31.4%) than OFF (256/1115; 23%) periods (p <=0.0001). 673 (43%) visits were reviewed for @entity137 . The rate of @entity137 was lower during ON (8/237; 3.4%) compared with OFF (31/436; 7.1%) periods (p=0.02). The remaining secondary outcomes showed no difference. LIMITATIONS: Single institution study, retrospective chart review for @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Though overall agreement with recommendations was low, real-time computerized decision support resulted in greater acceptance of medication recommendations. Fewer @entity137 were observed when computerized decision support was active.

title: Guided medication dosing for elderly emergency XXXX using real-time, computerized decision support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug events', 'ADEs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine, femoral neck and shaft, and proximal tibia was measured by dual photon absorptiometry in six @entity1 and two @entity1 after traumatic @entity1566 . In six of these @entity1 , BMC of the distal forearm was measured as well. The @entity1 were 18-49 years old at injury and had complete motor lesions from C7 to L1. All but one had some @entity508 , and they all used a wheelchair. The initial BMC measurements were carried out from 9-167 days (median 43) @entity130 and followed up by 5-13 (median 8) measurements up to 31-53 months (median 41) after the injury. BMC of the lumbar spine and distal forearm remained nearly unchanged in the whole period, and the measurements were within the normal range, except for the lumbar spine when Harrington rods in the scanned area induced high BMC values. In the lower extremities the BMC decreased after injury. New steady-state levels for BMC were reached at 2 years @entity130 for the proximal tibia and the femoral neck at 40-50% and 60-70% respectively of normal values. For the femoral shaft the decrease in BMC was more slow and it seems that a steady-state was not reached within our observation period for several of the @entity1 . This longitudinal study indicates, in agreement with a previous cross-sectional study, that normal muscle function and load bearing is necessary to prevent @entity604 .

title: Longitudinal study of bone mineral content in the lumbar spine, the forearm and the lower extremities after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity428 and @entity1829 are occasionally observed in @entity1 harboring @entity5 in the cervical region or at the craniocervical junction, and the mechanical obstruction to the cerebrospinal fluid circulation is assumed to be responsible for such symptoms and signs. However, @entity428 is very rare in @entity5 locating in the dorso-lumbar region; only 44 such cases having been reported in the literature. Recently we saw a 58-year-old female who presented with three brief episodes of @entity909 associated with @entity390 and @entity391 , progressive @entity303 and @entity22 . Neurologic examination disclosed an early @entity1829 , @entity425 and @entity303 . A left carotid angiogram revealed a small @entity439 arising from C2 segment of the internal carotid artery. Right carotid and bilateral vertebral angiograms were not contributory. The @entity439 was clipped at the first operation. The @entity439 was found apparently unruptured. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt failed to improve her @entity303 . Finally, a total @entity616 was found at L1 level, and a @entity808 arising from the right D12 was removed. After this, all symptoms and signs disappeared within 3 weeks. Pertinent literature on the low @entity4097 associated with an intracranial pressure was reviewed and the mechanism of the elevation of intracranial pressure in such cases were discussed.

title: [Thoraco-lumbar @entity5 associated with XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure', 'Increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of both legs']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumor']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['myelographic block']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1829 :: (MESH:D010211,Disease) :: ['papilledema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 4, 2006. @entity2346 media with effusion (OME) or 'glue ear' is an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear, in the absence of acute @entity32 . It is the commonest cause of acquired @entity393 in childhood and the usual reason for insertion of 'grommets'. Potential treatments include decongestants, mucolytics, @entity230 , antihistamines and antibiotics. Autoinflation devices have been proposed as a simple mechanical means of improving 'glue ear'. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of autoinflation compared with no treatment in @entity1 and adults with @entity2346 media with effusion. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and @entity74 Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; BIOSIS Previews; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the most recent search was 12 April 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials that compared any form of autoinflation to no autoinflation in individuals with 'glue ear'. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and extracted data from included studies. MAIN RESULTS: Eight studies, with a total of 702 @entity1 , met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies were predominantly assessed as being at low or unclear risk of bias; unclear risk was mainly due lack of information. There was no evidence of selective reporting.Pooled estimates favoured the intervention, but did not show a significant effect on tympanometry (type @entity3627 ) at less than one month, nor at more than one month. Similarly, there were no significant changes for discrete pure-tone audiometry and non-discrete audiometry. Pooled estimates favoured, but not significantly, the intervention for the composite measure of tympanogram or audiometry at less than one month; at more than one month the result became significant (RRI 1.74, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.50). Subgroup analysis based on the type of intervention showed a significant effect using a Politzer device under one month (RRI 7.07, 95% CI 3.70 to 13.51) and over one month (RRI 2.25, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.04).None of the studies demonstrated a significant difference in the incidence of side effects between interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: All of the studies were small, of limited treatment duration and had short follow-up. However, because of the low cost and absence of adverse effects it is reasonable to consider autoinflation whilst awaiting natural @entity2346 media with effusion. Primary care could prove a beneficial place to evaluate such interventions and there is ongoing research in this area. Further research should also consider the duration of treatment, the long-term impact on developmental outcomes in @entity1 and additional quality of life outcome measures for @entity1 and families.

title: Autoinflation for @entity393 associated with XXXX media with effusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation or infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Throat Disorders']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis', 'resolution of otitis', 'Otitis']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Antitumor @entity39 factor a agents have significantly improved the management of @entity30 ( @entity30 ), but not all @entity1 benefit from this therapy. We used data from the Swiss @entity29 Cohort Study and predefined appropriateness criteria to examine the appropriateness of use of infliximab (IFX) in @entity30 @entity1 . METHODS: EPACT II (European Panel on the Appropriateness of @entity30 Therapy, 2007; www.epact.ch) appropriateness criteria have been developed using a formal explicit panel process combining evidence from the published literature and expert opinion. Questionnaires relating to EPACT II criteria were used at enrollment and follow-up of all Swiss @entity29 Cohort Study @entity1 . A step-by-step analysis of all possible indications for IFX therapy in a given @entity1 allowed identification of the most appropriate indication and final classification in a single appropriateness category (appropriate, uncertain, inappropriate). RESULTS: Eight hundred and twenty-one @entity30 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled between November 2006 and March 2009. IFX was administered to 146 @entity1 (18%) at enrollment and was most frequently used for complex fistulizing disease and for the maintenance of remission induced by biological therapy. IFX therapy was considered appropriate in 44%, uncertain in 44%, and inappropriate in 10% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In this cohort, 9 out of 10 indications for IFX therapy were clinically generally acceptable (appropriate or uncertain) according to EPACT II criteria. Uncertain indications resulted mainly from the current more liberal use of IFX in clinical practice as compared with the EPACT II criteria.

title: Infliximab for XXXX in the Swiss IBD Cohort Study: clinical management and appropriateness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, controlled, clinical trial comparing single and dual percutaneous electrodes in the treatment of @entity1643 from @entity11252 . OBJECTIVES: To clarify technical requirements and test the hypothesis that placing two linear arrays in parallel, thereby doubling the number of contacts, improves outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Technical improvements have enhanced outcomes of spinal cord stimulation for chronic @entity1643 . Dual, parallel electrodes reportedly improve these outcomes. METHODS: Acting as their own controls, 20 @entity1 who passed screening with single, 4-contact electrodes received permanent dual, 4-contact electrodes with 7- or 10-mm intercontact distances at the same vertebral level(s). We quantified and compared the technical and clinical results of the single and dual electrodes, adjusting stimulation parameters to specific psychophysical thresholds. RESULTS: Single electrodes provided significant (P < 0.01) advantages in @entity1 - and computer-calculated ratings of @entity158 coverage by paresthesias and in the scaled amplitude necessary to cover the low back, compared with dual 7-mm electrodes. Slight advantages without statistical significance were observed for the single over the dual 10-mm electrodes. Amplitude requirements were significantly lower for the single electrode than for either dual electrode. At long-term follow-up, 53% of @entity1 met the criteria for clinical success. CONCLUSIONS: While we observed disadvantages for dual electrodes in treating @entity1643 , we achieved technical success with single or dual electrodes in most @entity1 and maintained this success clinically with dual electrodes in 53%.

title: Spinal cord stimulation for XXXX : a prospective, controlled trial comparing dual with single percutaneous electrodes.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['axial low back pain']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['axial low back pain']


abstract: @entity2828 /primitive @entity4969 (ES/ @entity6196 ) of bone is a rare @entity5 most commonly located in the metadiaphysis. In skeletally immature @entity1 , lesions of the epiphysis are rarely malignant, with the most common diagnosis being @entity84 . This article presents a case of ES/ @entity6196 of the proximal humeral epiphysis in a 12-year-old @entity1 . To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of epiphyseal ES/ @entity6196 confirmed with molecular testing. Radiographs of the @entity1 's painful shoulder showed a well-defined @entity75 within the humeral epiphysis. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a @entity5 with surrounding @entity4 . Based on the imaging characteristics, the @entity1 's age, and the lesion's location, a preliminary diagnosis of @entity84 was made. A trochar biopsy of the lesion demonstrated a small, round, blue cell @entity5 on frozen section. Subsequently, immunohistochemical staining was uniformly positive in a membrane pattern for @entity3778 , and molecular diagnostic testing demonstrated a @entity12726 / @entity21468 fusion transcript, confirming the pathologic diagnosis of ES/ @entity6196 . Although metadiaphyseal locations for ES/ @entity6196 are most common, this case adds to previously reported cases of epiphyseal ES/ @entity6196 , suggesting that the diagnosis be considered for pediatric @entity5 . This case also demonstrates why following rigorous oncologic treatment algorithms by obtaining a limited trochar biopsy, even in the case of a confident radiographic diagnosis, is critically important; the biopsy results can lead to a major change in treatment and avoid contamination of a larger area of soft tissue and bone.

title: @entity2828 /primitive XXXX of the proximal humeral epiphysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'childhood tumor', 'chondroid tumor', 'epiphyseal tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity84 :: ('MESH:D002804', 'Disease') :: ['chondroblastoma']

answer: @entity4969 :: (MESH:D017599,Disease) :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) incidence. We examined the strength of the association of body mass index (BMI) with @entity712 by age and joint associations of BMI and waist circumference (WC). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 aged 48 to 83 (n=36873) and @entity1 aged 45 to 79 (n=43487) self-reported height, weight, and WC. @entity712 hospitalization or @entity204 (n=382 @entity1 , 718 @entity1 ) between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2004, was determined through administrative registers. Hazard ratios, from Cox proportional-hazards models, for an interquartile range higher BMI were 1.39 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.68) at age 60 and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.27) at 75 in @entity1 . In @entity1 , hazard ratios were 1.54 (95% CI, 1.37 to 1.73) at 60 and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.35) at 75. A 10-cm higher WC was associated with 15% (95% CI, 2% to 31%) and 18% (95% CI, 4% to 33%) higher @entity712 rates among @entity1 with BMI 25 and 30 kg/m(2), respectively; hazard ratios for 1 kg/m(2) higher BMI were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.04) and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.04) for WC 70 and 100 cm, respectively. In @entity1 , a 10-cm higher WC was associated with 16% and 18% higher rates for BMI 25 and 30 kg/m(2), respectively; a 1 kg/m(2) higher BMI was associated with 4% higher @entity712 rates regardless of WC. CONCLUSIONS: Strength of the association between BMI and @entity712 events declined with age. In @entity1 , higher WC was associated with @entity712 at all levels of BMI. Both BMI and WC were predictors among @entity1 .

title: Adiposity and incidence of XXXX hospitalization and mortality: a population-based prospective study.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity2946 is the most common solid malignancy of childhood, with @entity458 reducing survivors' quality of life and lethality being associated with @entity5 recurrence. Activation of the Sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) signaling pathway is implicated in @entity1 @entity2946 . Cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNPs) depend on signaling by the morphogen @entity4851 for expansion during development, and have been suggested as a cell of origin for certain @entity2946 . Mechanisms contributing to @entity4851 pathway-mediated proliferation and transformation remain poorly understood. We investigated interactions between @entity4851 signaling and the recently described @entity5 -suppressive Hippo pathway in the developing brain and @entity2946 . We report up-regulation of the oncogenic transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein 1 ( @entity13806 ), which is negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway, in @entity1 @entity2946 with aberrant @entity4851 signaling. Consistent with conserved mechanisms between brain tumorigenesis and development, @entity4851 induces @entity13806 expression in CGNPs. @entity4851 also promotes @entity13806 nuclear localization in CGNPs, and @entity13806 can drive CGNP proliferation. Furthermore, @entity13806 is found in cells of the perivascular niche, where proposed @entity5 -repopulating cells reside. Post-irradiation, @entity13806 was found in newly growing @entity5 cells. These findings implicate @entity13806 as a new @entity4851 effector that may be targeted by @entity2946 therapies aimed at eliminating @entity2946 recurrence.

title: @entity13806 is amplified and up-regulated in hedgehog-associated XXXX and mediates Sonic hedgehog-driven neural precursor proliferation.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['treatment side effects']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma', 'medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastomas']


abstract: The autonomic nervous system is divided into the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, with three types of adrenergic receptors: alpha (smooth muscle contraction), @entity8652 (cardiac acceleration and @entity844 mobilization) and @entity2263 (smooth @entity121 ). Substances affecting the function of the adrenergic system are the agonists or stimulators, which mimic the effects of endogenous @entity1063 or @entity1425 , and antagonists or blockers, which block the receptors and prevent stimulation by the agonists. Autonomic stimulation in the eye mediates various changes which apparently affect outflow facility and rate of formation of @entity7462 . Alteration of either or both of these factors by autonomic agonists or antagonists may have a direct or an indirect effect on intraocular pressure. Beta-adrenergic blocking substances have been used to treat a variety of diseases. Some of the effects of these drugs are attributable to properties other than beta blockade, such as intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and local anaesthetic activity. Side effects of this class of drugs require caution in cases of @entity712 and in asthmatics. Autonomic agents used in the treatment of @entity2790 and @entity726 include @entity2134 , a chilinergic agonist, @entity1425 , an adrenergic agonist, and various beta adrenergic blockers or antagonists including @entity1169 , @entity2165 and @entity6839 . The physico-chemical properties and pharmacokinetics of @entity6839 are reviewed. Data showing a significant reduction in intraocular pressure as a result of ocular instillation of @entity6839 are presented. Reduction of the rate of aqueous formation appears to be the mechanism of action. A low incidence of non-serious side effects is reported.

title: The beta-adrenergic blocking agents and the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the overall and disaggregated survival based on the Gleason score, age and extent of a @entity1 cohort diagnosed with @entity263 according to standard clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We used an observational and retrospective design for the study. For each @entity1 , we recorded clinical variables such as the extent (metastatic or locally advanced), Gleason score, age, date of diagnosis, date of last contact with the health system and the vital status during the last contact. We used univariate and multivariate statistical techniques of survival. The parametric survival methods enabled us to calculate the mean survival using extrapolation. We analysed 219 @entity1 treated in the public health system between 2008 and 2011. The analysis showed statistically significant differences in survival depending on Gleason score, age and stage. The longest survival was in the subgroup younger than 75 years, with a local extent and a low-risk category on the Gleason scale (19.41 years), and the shortest survival (0.97 years) was in the 75 years or older group. The survival of the other subgroups ranged between these outliers. CONCLUSION: The main contribution of this study is that it is the first to calculate the mean survival of @entity263 in Spain in terms of the variables of our study population. This information helps clinicians predict the life expectancy of each @entity1 according to their prognostic factors.

title: XXXX survival in Spain according to the Gleason score, age and stage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['advanced prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Advanced prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity722 of the ovary ( @entity1777 ) represent approximately 5% of malignant @entity43 . Surgery remains the primary modality of therapy and treatment options for @entity1442 are limited. The molecular pathogenesis of @entity1777 is not known but is likely to involve activation of @entity669 kinase-mediated cell signaling pathways. A recent case report of a @entity1 with advanced recurrent @entity1777 responding to the @entity669 kinase inhibitor, @entity2213 mesylate prompted us to explore a role for these therapies in @entity1777 . METHODS: The expression of the @entity2213 -sensitive @entity669 kinases, @entity2467 , @entity1861 , @entity675 and @entity3820 , was determined using RT-PCR in a panel of @entity1777 . Activating mutations of @entity2467 and @entity675 were also sought. The functional response was examined in two @entity1 -derived @entity1777 cell lines. RESULTS: All four kinases were expressed but at levels lower than those observed in pre-menopausal ovarian samples. Mutations in @entity2467 and @entity675 were not found. Both cell lines responded to @entity2213 and to the second generation, @entity669 kinase inhibitor, @entity10542 , with dose-dependent decreases in cell proliferation and viability. These responses paralleled the @entity2213 -sensitive, K562 cell line but at approximately 240- and approximately 1000-fold higher concentrations of @entity2213 and @entity10542 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that @entity1 @entity1777 , in general, are unlikely to respond to @entity2213 or @entity10542 therapy. The response of the cell lines at high concentrations implies an "off-target" effect, which suggests that a @entity669 kinase inhibitor, of appropriate specificity, may represent a therapeutic option in @entity1777 .

title: Expression, mutational analysis and in vitro response of XXXX and @entity10542 target genes in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['Granulosa cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib mesylate']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Clinically based systematic review. OBJECTIVE: To define optimal clinical care for @entity1 after sport-related @entity130 using a systematic review supported with expert opinion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Athletes who participate in contact sports may experience cervical @entity602 , with bilateral motor or sensory symptoms such as burning, @entity1183 , or loss of sensation referable to the cervical spinal cord. The symptoms last from minutes to hours, but recovery is usually believed to be complete. The underlying condition is cervical spinal @entity850 that predisposes the athlete to a transient compression or concussive injury to the spinal cord. METHODS: Focused questions on the treatment of cervical spine sport-related injuries resulting in transient neuropraxia were refined by a panel of spine traumatology surgeons consisting of fellowship-trained neurologic and orthopedic surgeons. Medical subject heading keywords were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify pertinent English-language abstracts and articles whose focus was @entity1 subjects. The quality of literature was rated as high, moderate, low, or very low. The proposed questions were answered using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence-based review system. These treatment recommendations were rated as either strong or weak based on the quality of evidence and clinical expertise. RESULTS: The literature searches revealed low and very low quality evidence with no prospective or randomized studies. One hundred fifty-three pertinent articles were identified; these were supplemented with additional articles to form an evidentiary table with 17 original articles containing unique @entity1 data. CONCLUSION: Literature regarding the optimal treatment of @entity1 with transient neuropraxia is of low quality. On the basis of expert opinion, there was a recommendation that a return to full participation in high-energy contact sports could be based on radiographic findings: @entity1 with transient neuropraxia without @entity850 could return as a strong recommendation, whereas stenotic @entity1 could not return as a weak recommendation. Furthermore, a strong recommendation was made to permit players to return to full participation after decompression with a single-level anterior cervical fusion.

title: High-energy contact sports and cervical XXXX : what are the criteria for return to participation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord neuropraxia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neuropraxic injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['spine neuropraxia injuries']


abstract: @entity957 is the most common type of @entity135 . Recently, efficient, easy, and minimally invasive gene delivery methods are expected to be developed as @entity5 gene therapies. However, the optimal method for delivering therapeutic genes into oral tissue for @entity5 treatment has not been elucidated. Therefore, we hypothesized that the tongue is a good target tissue for gene delivery with Bubble liposomes and ultrasound. To assess this, we attempted to deliver a mixture of plasmid DNA encoding a luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein, and Bubble liposomes into @entity19 tongue with or without ultrasound exposure. The ultrasound conditions were 1 MHz, 2 W/cm(2), 60s, and duty cycle: 50%. The time-course of gene expression in the tongue was investigated with a luciferase assay and fluorescent microscopy. Luciferase expression was significantly increased in tongue transfected using Bubble liposomes and ultrasound compared with that of the tongue untreated with ultrasound, and this high level of luciferase activity was maintained for 2 weeks. From these results, Bubble liposomes can be used in combination with ultrasound to efficiently deliver plasmid DNA into the tongue in vivo. This technique is a highly promising approach for gene delivery into oral tissue.

title: Gene delivery system involving Bubble liposomes and ultrasound for the efficient in vivo delivery of genes into XXXX tongue tissue.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is unknown whether inflammatory/hemostatic biomarkers are associated with coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) progression. Our purpose was to evaluate the associations of baseline levels of C-reactive protein, @entity2002 , @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), tissue plasminogen activator antigen, and circulating factor VII with CAC progression in healthy midlife @entity1 . Inflammatory/hemostatic biomarkers were measured at baseline. CAC was quantified by computed tomography scans at baseline and after 2.3     0.5  years of follow-up. Significant CAC progression was defined as present if (1) follow-up CAC Agatston score was >0 if baseline CAC score  = 0; (2) annualized change in CAC score was >= 10 if baseline CAC score >0 to <100; and (3) annualized percent change in CAC score was >= 10% if baseline CAC score >= 100. Extent of CAC progression was defined as [log(CAC(follow-up)+25)  - log(CAC(baseline)+25)]/year. Logistic and linear regression models were used as appropriate, and the final models were adjusted for baseline CAC score, age, study site, race/ethnicity, menopausal status, sociodemographics, traditional @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors, family history of @entity65 , and @entity65 medication use. The study included 252 @entity1 (baseline age 51.2    2.6  years; 67.5% white; 56.4% premenopausal or early perimenopausal). In final models, only log( @entity2289 ) was associated with presence of CAC progression (odds ratio 1.91, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.93; @entity307 log unit increase in @entity2289 ; p  = 0.003). In addition, higher log( @entity2289 ) was marginally associated with greater extent of CAC progression (p  = 0.06). In conclusion, @entity2289 is associated with the presence of CAC progression in middle-aged @entity1 . Targeting @entity2289 may decrease atherogenesis beyond conventional @entity65 risk factors.

title: Inflammatory/Hemostatic Biomarkers and Coronary Artery XXXX Progression in @entity1 at Midlife (from the Study of @entity1 's Health Across the Nation, Heart Study).

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: In assessing the value of systematic evaluation of extrathoracic extension for potentially resectable, non-small-cell @entity153 , a prospective study was conducted in 146 @entity1 . The study protocol included computed tomographic (CT) scan of the brain and upper abdomen, abdominal ultrasonography, and whole-body bone scanning. The findings were matched with the clinical presentation, histologic features, and @entity7443 staging, having found out that @entity4153 does not follow a set pattern to metastasize. The rate of @entity3 for @entity420 is not only significantly larger (p less than 0.05) but it does not correlate with the @entity7443 staging, in contrast to what happens with the @entity957 (p less than 0.01). None of the @entity957 in intrathoracic stage I was found to metastasize. Twenty-one percent (4/19) of brain metastases were asymptomatic (three @entity420 and @entity957 with multiorgan @entity3 ). Bone scanning detected @entity3 in 3.4 percent (4/116) of the asymptomatic @entity1 , and three of the four @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity3 had nonskeletal foci. In 61 percent (11/18) of @entity1 with hepatic @entity3 , we did not find organ-specific indicators to suspect it. The series showed a 7.5 percent incidence of adrenal @entity3 . Our findings suggest the convenience of performing an upper abdominal CT scan and/or ultrasonography in all @entity1 , except for those with asymptomatic @entity1544 ; we also suggest brain CT scanning for all @entity1 with @entity420 and @entity152 as well as for those with @entity957 with @entity16 , and whole-body bone scanning only in those @entity1 with clinical and laboratory indication of possible bone involvement by metastatic disease.

title: Extrathoracic staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'one squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['stage I squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of @entity617 and placebo on the recovery of unilateral @entity1274 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. SETTING: Four tertiary and 10 secondary referral centers. @entity1 : Of 103 @entity1 randomly assigned, 93 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The @entity1 , aged 18 to 80 years, were seeking care within 1 week after onset of acute unilateral @entity1274 with a mean decrease of 30 dB or greater in the 3 most affected contiguous frequencies. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned in permuted blocks of 10 to receive @entity617 or placebo in tapering doses from 60 mg for 3 days and, thereafter, 10 mg less each day until Day 8. If complete recovery, no more medication given, otherwise medication continued at 10 mg per day until Day 30. Final follow-up was after 3 months with audiogram; 47 @entity1 received @entity617 and 46 placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary endpoint was efficacy of treatment on recovery at Day 90. Secondary endpoints were prognostic factors for hearing recovery. Analyses were by modified intention-to-treat and per protocol. RESULTS: Hearing improvement for 47 @entity617 -treated @entity1 was 25.5    27.1 dB compared to 26.4    26.2 dB for 46 placebo-treated @entity1 at Day 8 and 39    20.1 dB versus 35.1    38.3 dB after 3 months. Vertigo had significant negative effect on hearing improvement and inflammatory signs in the laboratory workup-a positive prognostic effect, irrespective of treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity617 in customary dosage does not seem to influence recovery of @entity1274 .

title: Corticosteroid treatment of XXXX : randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: From 1983 to 1990, 34 cases of primary @entity43 were treated with extensive and radical surgery. Seventeen cases belonged to stage I, 3 cases belonged to stage II and 14 cases were stage III. They consisted of 20 epithelial, 11 germ cell and 2 sex-cord @entity5 of ovary. The operative method was as follows: infracolic omentectomy, para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy, dilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total hysterectomy, removing of metastatic implants nd appendectomy. Post surgery, all @entity1 received repeated combination chemotherapy and six cases received irradiation. Four @entity1 underwent the second look operation. The incidence of @entity3 of contralateral ovary, omentum, retroperitoneal nodes, @entity5274 and appendix were 38.2%, 32.4%, 20.6%, 17.6%, 5.9% and 2.9% respectively. The 3 year survival rate of stage I and II was 92.9%, stage III was 40.0%. The 5 year survival rate of stage I and II was 90.9%, stage III was 50.0%. There was no serious complication both intra and post operation.

title: [Extensive and radical surgery for primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['uterus, fallopian tubes']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine if side of cerebral @entity66 affects the prevalence and time course of pushing behavior (PB) after @entity64 . METHODS: A total of 1660 @entity1 with @entity64 were investigated. PB was assessed using the standardized Scale for Contraversive Pushing. Risk ratios were used to evaluate the differences in the prevalence of PB between @entity75 ( @entity75 ) and @entity75 ( @entity75 ) @entity1 . The differences in the time course among 35 (27 @entity75 and 8 @entity75 ) @entity1 were evaluated by analyzing Scale for Contraversive Pushing scores with the Kaplan-Meier method using a log-rank test. RESULTS: PB was observed in 156 (9.4%) @entity1 . The prevalence of PB was significantly higher in @entity75 (97 of 556 [17.4%]) than in @entity75 (57 of 599 [9.5%]) @entity1 ; risk ratio was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.35-2.49). The log-rank test indicated that @entity75 @entity1 exhibited a significantly slower recovery than @entity75 @entity1 (P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: The number of @entity75 @entity1 who exhibited PB was higher than that of @entity75 @entity1 . The duration of recovery from PB was longer in @entity75 @entity1 than in @entity75 @entity1 .

title: Prevalence and length of recovery of pusher syndrome based on cerebral hemispheric lesion side in XXXX with @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right cerebral hemisphere-damaged', 'LCD', 'left cerebral hemisphere-damaged', 'RCD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hemisphere lesion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the natural history of @entity5419 , especially @entity5420 , is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To follow the natural history of @entity5419 in Israel, particularly of @entity5420 @entity566 . METHODS: The survey was conducted based on clinical records and a detailed questionnaire of @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity5419 . RESULTS: We found 234 @entity1 with suspected @entity5419 . Testing detected 283 @entity566 in 180 @entity1 (77%) with confirmed diagnosis. The most common @entity566 were to @entity291 's milk (n = 125), eggs (n = 71), @entity5420 (n = 30), and soy (n = 23). Of those with @entity6132 , 69% were IgE mediated (group 1) and 31% were non-IgE mediated (group 2). Group 1 was more likely to have an atopic background than was group 2 (P = .003), whereas group 2 was more likely to have resolution of the @entity566 (35 of 39 [90%] in group 2 compared with only 32 of 86 [37%] in group 1, P < .001). @entity566 to soy was found in 23 @entity1 , of whom 87% manifested with @entity344 and 21 (91%) were also allergic to @entity291 's milk. In 19 @entity1 (83%), the @entity566 resolved. Thirty @entity1 had @entity566 to @entity5420 , and 73% of them had an atopic background. The @entity566 resolved in only 9 of these @entity1 (30%) at a mean age of 2.8 years. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of food allergens in Israel differs from that in other countries. Non-IgE-mediated @entity5419 and particularly milk and soy @entity566 were likely to resolve completely with time. @entity5420 @entity566 was 1 of the most frequent in this cohort, was usually IgE mediated, and tended to resolve in only a few @entity1 .

title: Natural history of XXXX in @entity1 and @entity1 in Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the @entity137 , @entity5 control, survival, and quality of life of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 treated with sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent @entity900 -radiotherapy (CRT) or CRT alone. @entity1 AND METHODS: Previously untreated stage III to IVB @entity5 were randomly assigned to (1) neoadjuvant @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) and @entity900 75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for two cycles, followed by @entity900 40 mg/m(2)/wk concurrent with radiotherapy, or (2) CRT alone. Planned accrual was 30 @entity1 per arm to detect 20% difference of @entity137 based on 95% CIs. RESULTS: From November 2002 to November 2004, 65 eligible @entity1 were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CRT (n = 34) or CRT alone (n = 31). There was a high rate of grade 3/4 @entity1398 (97%) but not @entity221 (12%) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. No significant differences in rates of acute @entity137 were observed between the two arms during CRT. Dose intensities of concurrent @entity900 , late RT @entity137 and quality of life scores were comparable in both arms. The 3-year progression-free survival for neoadjuvant versus control arm was 88.2% and 59.5% (hazard ratio = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.19; P = .12). The 3-year overall survival for neoadjuvant versus control arm was 94.1% and 67.7% (hazard ratio = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.078 to 0.73; P = .012). CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant @entity1205 - @entity900 followed by CRT was well tolerated with a manageable @entity137 profile that allowed subsequent delivery of full-dose CRT. Preliminary results suggested a positive impact on survival. A phase III study to definitively test this neoadjuvant-concurrent strategy is warranted.

title: Randomized phase II trial of concurrent @entity900 -radiotherapy with or without neoadjuvant @entity1205 and XXXX in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'NPC', 'nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity299 who wish to become pregnant offer a challenge to obstetricians, cardiologists and anesthetists. Although no large randomized trials exist to support the management of this emerging population, small prospective and retrospective studies provide valuable data on the likely success of pregnancy and the risks involved. Recently, there is emerging consensus on the management of this specialized group of @entity1 , and this article aims to provide the practitioner with an overview of @entity1 needs and the issues to be addressed. All @entity1 with @entity299 wishing to consider pregnancy should be referred for specialist assessment prior to conception. Maternal risk, fetal risk and recurrence risk in the fetus should all be addressed. Most @entity1 with @entity299 can undergo pregnancy without significant risk. However, for some @entity1 the risk of maternal @entity204 is high, including those with: severe @entity472 , @entity1002 , @entity120 and @entity1614 with dilated aortic root. All @entity1 should be offered a detailed 20-week fetal cardiac scan and, in certain cases, prepregnancy genetic counseling. Most @entity1 can deliver vaginally, with cesarean section reserved for obstetric indications or @entity1 in whom straining at delivery could be potentially fatal (i.e., those with @entity1614 , @entity449 , severe fixed @entity1699 , or the acutely unwell mother). Antibiotic prophylaxis should be given routinely in labor to all @entity1 in whom dental prophylaxis is indicated.

title: XXXX and pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['left heart obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular function']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of mortality ascribed to cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 and to identify factors that might be important in the aetiology of the disease; and to assess the validity of @entity204 certification of the disease. DESIGN: A retrospective examination of mortality ascribed to cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 in England and Wales between 1979 and 1988 with analysis, by multiple logistic regression, of independent effects of age, sex, region of residence, and social class as indicated by occupation on data for 1979-87; also a retrospective review of hospital records of @entity1 certified as having died of cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 in Nottingham and of the certified cause of @entity204 of @entity1 known to have had the disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time trends in mortality nationally; effects on mortality of age, sex, and region of residence; validity of @entity204 certification in Nottingham. RESULTS: The annual number of @entity204 ascribed to cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 doubled from 336 in 1979 to 702 in 1988, the increase occurring mainly at ages over 65. Mortality standardised for age for both sexes likewise increased steadily over the period. Deaths due to cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 were commoner in @entity1 (odds ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 2.11 to 2.33) and increased substantially with age, being 7.84 (7.24 to 8.49) times higher in subjects aged much greater than 75 than those aged 45-64. Odds ratios of @entity204 due to cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 adjusted for age and sex were increased in the traditionally industrialised central areas of England and Wales (p less than 0.02, maximum odds ratio between regions 1.25), but no significant increase in odds of @entity204 was found for manual occupations. Of 23 @entity1 whose @entity204 were registered in Nottingham as having been due to cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 , 19 were ascertained from clinical records to have had the disease. Only 17 of 45 @entity1 known to have had cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 in life were recorded as having died from the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity204 certification of cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 is high, but the number of @entity204 recorded as being due to the disease may underestimate the number of @entity1 dying with the disease by up to half. Mortality due to the disease is increasing, and the male predominance and regional differences in mortality suggest that environmental factors are important in its aetiology.

title: Rising mortality from cryptogenic fibrosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['alveolitis']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['alveolitis']


abstract: Intensity-modulated beam radiotherapy (IMRT) delivers a highly conformal, three-dimensional (3-D) distribution of radiation doses that is not possible with conventional methods. When administered to @entity1 with @entity135 , IMRT allows for the treatment of multiple targets with different doses, while simultaneously minimizing radiation to uninvolved critical structures such as the parotid glands, optic chiasm, and mandible. With 3-D computerized dose optimization, IMRT is a vast improvement over the customary trial-and-error method of treatment planning. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of the first 28 head and neck @entity1 at our institution who were treated with IMRT. All had @entity135 , including @entity957 , @entity2347 , @entity1823 , and @entity18871 . Total radiation doses ranged from 1,400 to 7,100 cGy, and daily doses ranged from 150 to 400 cGy/day. A quality assurance system ensured that computer-generated dosimetry matched film dosimetry in all cases. For midline @entity5 , this system allowed us to decrease the dose to the parotid glands to less than 3,000 cGy. The incidence of acute @entity137 was drastically lower than that seen with conventional radiotherapy delivery to similar sites. This is the first report of the application of IMRT strictly to @entity135 . We discuss the indications, technique, and initial results of this promising new technology. We also introduce the concept of the Simultaneous Modulated Accelerated Radiation Therapy boost technique, which has several advantages over other altered fractionation schemes.

title: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy: first results with this new technology on XXXX of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck neoplasms', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['angiofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: Discrimination learning studies suggest that @entity1641 learn more easily using spatial than visible @entity392 ( @entity392 ) cues. However, spatial cues have generally confounded intra-array, distal and/or egocentric spatial information. It is also unclear whether conflicting cues compete for association or are redundantly encoded, and furthermore, the influence of prior experiences or training has not been quantified so far. We examined the effect of cue modality on unweaned foals' performance in a discrimination learning task. After a pilot study confirmed that @entity1641 could perform the required @entity392 cue discrimination, nine foals learnt to find food in one of three covered buckets, in any of four positions within a test arena. In Stage 1 the rewarded bucket was signified both by @entity392 cues (pattern) and by relative spatial cues (position). On reaching criterion, cues were separated and foals had to ignore the inappropriate cue (Stage 2). Foals assigned to follow spatial cues (n = 5) completed Stage 2 faster than foals for whom @entity392 cues remained consistent (n = 4). Spatial group foals all reached criterion without delay; no foal in the @entity392 group reached criterion within the testing period. @entity392 group foals initially persisted in responding to the previously correct position, adopting spatially-based strategies when this proved unsuccessful. The findings show for the first time that, even in the absence of distal spatial information, intra-array spatial cues were more salient than @entity392 cues for foals in a food-finding task and learning appeared rather inflexible.

title: Cue use by foals ( XXXX ) in a discrimination learning task.

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['object-specific', 'OS']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['Equus caballus']


abstract: The objective of the study is to investigate the mechanisms of @entity786 sequential therapy for @entity1 with primary Sj  gren's syndrome-associated @entity401 ( @entity401 ). This was a retrospective review of 15 @entity1 (2005-2008) with @entity401 who underwent @entity786 sequential therapy. Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) were obtained before and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after the treatment. The @entity310 and @entity2533 mRNA levels in peripheral blood were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Serum and BALF @entity310 , @entity2533 and @entity1495 levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The average levels of serum @entity310 (0.39    0.22) and @entity2533 (0.31    0.18) mRNA in @entity1 with @entity401 were higher compared with that in @entity1 with @entity28559 without @entity3130 . @entity310 level (0.23    0.19) was significantly decreased 3 months after @entity786 treatment (t = 2.533, p < 0.05), and @entity2533 (0.31    0.18) level markedly decreased after 6 months of treatment (t = 2.617, p < 0.05). The levels of serum @entity310 (11.2    2.6)  g/L, @entity2533 (72    19)  g/L and @entity1495 (38    9)  g/L in @entity1 with @entity401 were higher than that in @entity1 with @entity28559 without @entity3130 . @entity2533 (36    12)  g/L level decreased significantly after 3 months of treatment (t = 2.526, p < 0.05), and @entity310 level (7.1    1.3)  g/L markedly decreased after 6 months of therapy (t = 2.578, p < 0.05). @entity1495 level (18    4)  g/L decreased significantly after 12-month treatment (t = 2.329, p < 0.05). The levels of BALF @entity310 (17.1    3.5)  g/L, @entity2533 (36    17)  g/L and @entity1495 (27    10)  g/L in @entity1 with @entity401 were higher than that in @entity1 with @entity28559 without @entity3130 . @entity2533 (21    14)  g/L level decreased significantly after 3-month treatment, and @entity310 level (9.4    1.7)  g/L was decreased after 6 months of @entity786 treatment that may be associated with its inhabitation on production of @entity310 , @entity2533 and @entity1495 .

title: Effect of @entity786 on cytokines in @entity1 with primary Sj  gren's syndrome-associated XXXX in South China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease', 'PSS-ILD']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']