abstract: @entity272 associated with Candida @entity295 occur only in a minority of @entity1 , who are usually immunocompromised, but they can help to establish a diagnosis rapidly. The lesions form a characteristic maculopapular or nodular rash at the onset of the @entity281 . We report three cases of @entity6923 ( @entity6923 ) with cutaneous manifestations in immunocompromised @entity1 . In these @entity1 , the lesions started as asymptomatic or slightly pruriginous macules, papules or nodules localized on the trunk and extremities. The @entity1 ' general condition was very poor and they presented a high fever at the onset of the illness. Candida spp. were isolated from blood in all cases, and histology showed @entity375 in two of them. Most of the lesions resolved with antifungal treatment. The diagnosis of @entity6923 is often delayed or missed because of the absence of useful diagnostic tools, the varying clinical manifestations and the frequent negativity (50-75%) of blood cultures for Candida. @entity2380 is the treatment of choice for @entity5132 , but treatment response is unknown for other Candida spp., which may require treatment with @entity2379 .

title: Cutaneous expression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['SC', 'systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions']

answer: @entity6923 :: (MESH:C536777,Disease) :: ['systemic candidiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anaesthetic @entity204 risk for @entity235 and @entity468 in a French private practice. STUDY DESIGN: Observational cohort study. ANIMAL POPULATION: All small animals anesthetized at the Centre Hospitalier V  t  rinaire des Cordeliers between April 15th, 2008 and April 15th, 2010. METHODS: General anaesthesia was defined as a drug-induced unconsciousness characterised by a controlled and reversible @entity149 and @entity1337 , sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation. @entity1 outcome (alive or dead) was assessed at the end of anaesthesia defined as the meeting point of the return of consciousness, rectal temperature >36   C and ability to maintain sternal recumbency. @entity204 occurring during anaesthesia was recorded. Relationship between anaesthetic @entity204 and ASA status, species, age, nature of the procedure, anaesthetic protocol and occurrence of epidural administration of a combination of @entity1286 and @entity1341 were analysed. RESULTS: During the study period 3546 animals underwent general anaesthesia. The overall @entity204 rate in the present study was 1.35% (48 in 3546, 95% CI 0.96-1.75). The @entity204 rate of healthy animals (ASA 1 and 2) was 0.12% (3 in 2602 95% CI 0.02-0.34). For sick animals (ASA status 3 and over), the overall @entity204 rate was 4.77% (45 in 944 95% CI 3.36-6.18). The @entity204 rates in the ASA 3, 4 and 5 categories were 2.90%, 7.58% and 17.33%, respectively. The main factor associated with increased odds of anaesthetic @entity204 in ASA categories 3 and over was poor health status (ASA physical status classification). The nature of the procedure the @entity1 underwent and epidural administration of a combination of @entity1286 and @entity1341 were not correlated with the occurrence of @entity204 during anaesthesia. Neither species nor age effects were detected. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Specific factors were associated with increased odds of anaesthetic @entity204 , especially poor health status. Efforts must be directed towards thorough preoperative @entity1 evaluation and improvement of clinical conditions if possible. Identification of risk factors before anaesthesia should lead to increased surveillance by trained staff. This could result in better outcomes.

title: Risk of anaesthetic mortality in XXXX and @entity468 : an observational cohort study of 3546 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['depression of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: C1 inhibitor concentrate is regarded as effective and safe in treating acute attacks of @entity1659 caused by @entity1659 . This study investigated the course of disease in 3 @entity1 treated frequently with C1 inhibitor concentrate. METHODS: Three @entity1 are described who received C1 inhibitor concentrate for the treatment of acute attacks of @entity1659 and experienced an increase in the frequency of attacks during that treatment period. In a control group of 24 @entity1 aged more than 60 years with @entity1659 , the natural course of disease was determined. RESULTS: The 3 @entity1 (ages 50, 69, and 72 years) had received C1 inhibitor concentrate for 27, 18, and 22 years, respectively, for acute abdominal and skin attacks. Before this treatment, all attacks were severe. The treatment was always effective: The attacks were mild, and the duration of the attacks was shortened. During the treatment period, the number of attacks increased slowly but continuously, starting at the onset of treatment and paralleling the course of treatment. At the end of the observation period, the number of attacks increased by 4-fold, 12-fold, and 5-fold in the 3 @entity1 , respectively. No factors known to increase the frequency of attacks in @entity1659 were found in these @entity1 . The control group did not show a similar increase in attacks during a comparable period of time. CONCLUSION: A possible explanation for the increase in the frequency of attacks may lie in the large number of injections of C1 inhibitor concentrate.

title: XXXX : increased number of attacks after frequent treatments with C1 inhibitor concentrate.

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema', 'C1 inhibitor deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['Hereditary angioedema']


abstract: Narrowband UV-B is a safe and efficacious option for the treatment of @entity1569 . However, the use of this therapy has been limited in @entity1 due to its long-term carcinogenic potential. It has proven to be an adequate alternative in @entity1 whose condition is refractory to topical treatment. AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and short-term safety of narrowband UV-B in the treatment of paediatric @entity1569 , and to compare our results with those obtained in other studies on paediatric @entity1569 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of 2 years and 4 months, we administered narrowband UV-B to 20 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1569 that was refractory to topical therapy. The therapeutic response was measured using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). RESULTS: Between August 2005 and December 2007, 20 @entity1 received narrowband UV-B. Their median age was 13 years (range, 5-17 years), and the median initial PASI score was 8.25 (2.7-22.2). A median of 28 (10-59) sessions was required to achieve clearance, reaching almost complete or total remission (median final PASI) in all but two @entity1 . Six @entity1 required a new therapeutic course because of relapse, and the mean duration of remission was 8 months (4-18). No @entity1 experienced severe adverse events during therapy, and only one discontinued treatment, for unrelated reasons. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Narrowband UV-B for the treatment of paediatric @entity1569 has received little attention in the literature. This treatment has been limited in @entity1 because of its potential long-term carcinogenic effects, and most information has been extrapolated from adults. Nevertheless, narrowband UV-B phototherapy is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic alternative in paediatric @entity1 with severe @entity1569 .

title: Paediatric XXXX --narrowband UVB treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'adult psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of caregiver risk factors associated with psychological elder abuse is crucial for preventing and managing such abuse. The aim of this study was to test the most effective model for explaining caregiver factors contributing to caregiver @entity734 behavior. We hypothesized that caregiver hours worked each day, years of education, age, geriatric care-giving training, gerontological care knowledge, social resources, and self-reported work stress are factors contributing to @entity734 behavior of caregivers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used. The sample included a total of 183 caregivers recruited from seven long-term care facilities in southern areas of Taiwan. Instruments included the Caregiver Psychological Elder Abuse Behavior (CPEAB) scale, the Work Stressors Inventory Chinese version (WSI-C), the Personal Resources Questionnaire (PRQ-2000), and Knowledge of Gerontological Nursing Scale (KGNS). The @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) procedure was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: All the model-fit indexes (chi2 = 87.84, df = 70, p = 0.073; CMIN/DF = 1.26; GFI = 0.94, AGFI =0.91, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.037) of the final model exceeded their respective common acceptance levels except for the normed fit index (NFI) value (0.88). The study results suggest that caregivers who work fewer hours, received fewer years of education, lack social resources, and had more work stress showed higher levels of @entity734 behavior in caring for the elderly (p = 0.000-0.037). CONCLUSIONS: These findings should be incorporated into practice by intervening to reduce caregiver stress and reduce elder @entity146 . To help reduce elder @entity734 , caregivers would benefit from stress management and social resource interventions provided by employers or government programs.

title: Caregiver factors contributing to psychological elder XXXX in long-term care facilities: a structural equation model approach.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['psychological abuse']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['abuse behaviors']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'structural equation modeling']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['abuse behavior']


abstract: A procedure based on capillary column gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) confirmation was developed for the verification of the ubiquitous and versatile chemical and nerve agent simulant, @entity26161 ( @entity26162 ; CAS# 756-79-6), from gaseous samples. This method was developed to verify low nanogram @entity26162 concentrations during testing of a nerve agent detection system. Standard solutions of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000ng/ml @entity26162 in @entity1626 were employed. Through 15 calibration curves using the 5 lowest concentrations, coefficient of determination (r(2)) values showed a mean of 0.998 (0.992-1.000). An additional 15 calibration curves likewise containing 5 concentrations of @entity26162 spanning 3 orders of magnitude (1, 50, 100, 500, and 1000ng/ml) yielded a mean r(2) of 0.997 (0.991-1.000). Sixty-five @entity1568 diluted gaseous samples varying from 1.0 to 10.0microl in volume were analyzed and concentrations of @entity26162 ranging from 1 to 1000ng/ml were confirmed. An additional 35 vapor samples in UHP N(2) ranging in @entity26162 concentration from 5.8microg/m(3) to 1.0mg/m(3) were analyzed by increasing sample volume range to between 10.0 and 100microl. For gaseous samples with volumes>1.0microl, the lowest concentration observed was 5.8microg/m(3). The method detection limit (Appendix B of Title 40 CFR, United States) for 1.0microl autoinjected standards in @entity1626 was determined to be 0.331ng/ml. Method precision for 15 independently analyzed standards of 25ng/ml had a relative standard deviation of 1.168. This method demonstrated high linearity across a wide range of concentrations, as well as excellent sensitivity and repeatability, and proved applicable to other lower @entity26163 .

title: Tandem capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of the organophosphonate nerve agent surrogate XXXX in gaseous phase.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity26163 :: ('CHEBI:60983', 'Chemical') :: ['alkyl-phosphonates']

entities_list: @entity26161 :: ('MESH:C031116', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl methyl phosphonate']

answer: @entity26161 :: (MESH:C031116,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl methylphosphonate']


abstract: @entity4037 ( @entity4037 ) is a critical brain region for reinforcement learning and motivation, and @entity4037 is implicated in @entity146 including @entity161 . Providing rewards or performance feedback has been shown to activate @entity4037 . Intrinsically motivated subjects performing challenging cognitive tasks are likely to engage reinforcement circuitry even in the absence of external feedback or incentives. However, such intrinsic reinforcement responses have received little attention, have not been examined in relation to behavioral performance, and have not been evaluated for impairment in @entity146 such as @entity161 . Here we used fMRI to examine a challenging "old" vs. "new" visual recognition task in healthy subjects and @entity1 with @entity161 . Targets were unique fractal stimuli previously presented as salient distractors in a visual oddball task, producing incidental memory encoding. Based on the prediction error theory of reinforcement learning, we hypothesized that correct target recognition would activate @entity4037 in controls, and that this activation would be greater in subjects with lower expectation of responding correctly as indexed by a more conservative response bias. We also predicted these effects would be reduced in @entity1 with @entity161 . Consistent with these predictions, controls activated @entity4037 and other reinforcement processing regions during correct recognition, with greater @entity4037 activation in those with a more conservative response bias. @entity1 did not show either effect, with significant group differences suggesting @entity6306 in @entity1 to internally generated feedback. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for intrinsic motivation and reward when studying cognitive tasks, and add to growing evidence of reward circuit dysfunction in @entity161 that may impact cognition and function.

title: Striatal intrinsic reinforcement signals during recognition memory: relationship to response bias and dysregulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsivity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'VS hypofunction', 'Ventral striatum']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1316 arising in the perinatal period (conception to the first postnatal year), occur in up to 13% of @entity1 . The adverse impact of @entity1316 on mother, @entity1 and family with potential long-term consequences are well documented. There is a need for clear, evidence-based, guidelines for midwives and other maternity care providers. AIM: To describe the process undertaken to develop the Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines for @entity308 in the Perinatal Period and to highlight the key recommendations and their implications for the maternity sector. METHOD: Using NHMRC criteria, a rigorous systematic literature review was undertaken synthesising the evidence used to formulate graded guideline recommendations. Where there was insufficient evidence for recommendations, Good Practice Points were formulated. These are based on lower quality evidence and/or expert consensus. FINDINGS: The quality of the evidence was good in regards to the use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and psychological interventions, but limited as regards medication use and safety perinatally. Recommendations were made for staff training in psychosocial assessment; universal screening for @entity308 across the perinatal period; and the use of evidence based psychological interventions for mild to moderate @entity308 postnatally. Good Practice Points addressed the use of comprehensive psychosocial assessment--including risk to mother and @entity1 , and consideration of the mother- @entity1 interaction--and gave advice around the use and safety of psychotropic medications in pregnancy and breastfeeding. In contrast to their international counterparts, the Australian guidelines emphasize a more holistic, @entity1 and family centred approach to the management of mental health and @entity1316 in the perinatal setting. CONCLUSION: The development of these Guidelines is a first step in translating evidence into practice and providing Australian midwives and other maternity care providers with clear guidance on the psychosocial management of @entity1 and families.

title: Detection and management of XXXX in the maternity setting: the Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood disorders', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression and Related Disorders', 'depression']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: Reports of close associations between recurring @entity2008 and the clinical behavior of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) have stimulated efforts to define this disease in cytogenetic terms. Here we report on the leukemic cell karyotypes of 155 @entity1 with @entity3052 who were treated from 1980 to 1987 in consecutive programs of chemotherapy at this institution. Of 121 cases with adequate banding, 20% were normal, 30% had miscellaneous @entity2214 , and 50% were classified into known cytogenetic subgroups: inv(16)/del(16q) (n = 15), t(8; 21) (n = 14), t(15;17) (n = 9), t(9;11) (n = 9), t(11;V)/del(11q) (n = 7) and -7/ @entity6158 ) (n = 6). The inv(16)/del(16q) cases showed a nearly equal distribution of myelocytic and monocytic French-American-British (FAB) subtypes; only four of these @entity1 presented with M4Eo morphology. Despite a 100% remission induction rate, @entity1 with inv(16)/del(16q)-positive @entity3052 fared no better overall than the entire group; only 40% of this subgroup were event-free survivors at 2 years from diagnosis (P = .23). @entity1 with inv(16)/del(16q) frequently had CNS involvement at diagnosis (eight of 15) or initially relapsed in this site (three of eight). Event-free survival (EFS) was clearly superior for young @entity1 with @entity1778 and the t(9;11) (P = .041). These @entity1 were clinically indistinguishable from others with the @entity66 subtype, yet their responses to @entity2879 -containing therapies were noteworthy. By contrast, @entity1 with structural abnormalities involving 11q23, other than t(9;11), were @entity1 (median age, 6 months) with @entity1778 , hyperleukocytosis, and frequent @entity854 . @entity1 with such changes [t(11;V) or del(11q)] relapsed early during postremission therapy: none remained disease-free more than 16 months from diagnosis. Because of @entity1778 , @entity1 with monosomy 7/ @entity6158 ) had a poor remission induction rate (17%; P = .0015); @entity1 with the t(15;17) were also poor responders to induction therapy (44%; P = 0.02) because of @entity548 . These results identify several cytogenetic subtypes of pediatric @entity3052 that may represent unique disease processes for which more effective early cytoreduction [-7/ @entity6158 ), t(11;V)], better supportive care measures [t(15;17)], or more effective CNS prophylaxis [inv(16)/del(16q)] would be warranted.

title: Prognostic importance of cytogenetic subgroups in de novo pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['FAB disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic deaths']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['FAB M5 leukemia', 'FAB M4 or M5 leukemia', 'resistant leukemia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: In the attempt to apply salvage surgery to the majority of @entity1 with @entity5 relapse, we have adopted a new treatment plan consisting of early bilateral lung exploration and resection through median sternotomy in all cases of @entity242 with resectable lung metastases, including synchronous or previously resected ones. The present paper summarizes the early results achieved with this technique in 56 consecutive @entity1 treated between 1985 and 1988. Perioperative mortality was zero, and morbidity negligible. Occult contralateral metastases were resected in about one third of subjects with monolateral clinical lesions. Overall actuarial survival from first pulmonary resection is 51% at 2 years and 35% at 3 years. A slightly more favourable trend is evident for solitary lesions but the difference is not statistically significant. No difference in survival is observed in relation to the initial disease-free interval or to the histological type. The majority of relapses occurred within 6 months of sternotomy (23/35) and were confined to the lungs (21/35). Ten of these 21 @entity1 with pulmonary relapse have undergone further resection and 5 of them are alive, with a median survival of 28 months. Present results are encouraging as far as resectability and early recurrence rate are concerned. Median sternotomy appears a most valuable therapeutic approach to pulmonary metastases from @entity242 , being safe and effective in local control of disease, and compatible with further surgical management of pulmonary recurrences.

title: Median sternotomy and multiple lung resections for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumour']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: remodeling of the mitral annulus contributes to progression of @entity339 ( @entity339 ). In @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity339 , short-term treatment with b-blockers has been shown to increase left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volume, and this could deleteriously increase mitral valve annular dimensions. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of a short duration of b-blocker treatment on mitral annular dimensions and dynamics in @entity1 with @entity339 due to primary @entity179 . METHODS AND RESULTS: twenty-five @entity1 with moderate-to-severe degenerative @entity339 and normal LV systolic function were studied in a double-blind crossover experiment using a b1-selective adrenergic blocker and placebo administered for 14  3 days. Cardiac MRI images were acquired after each treatment period to quantify mitral annular dimensions. At end diastole, there was no change in annular area (1659  331 versus 1632  299 mm(2); P<0.19), annular perimeter (154.3  16.4 versus 152  13.9 mm; P<0.13), septal-lateral (SL) dimension (38.0  5 versus 39.0  4.5 mm; P<0.15), or annular height (9.8  3.8 versus 9.5  2.5 mm; P<0.53). b-blockade resulted in significant end-diastole decreases in commissure-commissure dimension (48.9  4.6 versus 47.2  4.0 mm; P<0.01) and eccentricity (1.3  0.2 versus 1.2  0.1; P<0.01). At end systole (ES), b-blockade conferred a small, but significant decrease in annular perimeter (161.0  19.3 versus 156.8  16.9 mm; P<0.04) and eccentricity (1.2  0.1 versus 1.1  0.1; P<0.02), and the SL dimension significantly increased (41.5  5.7 versus 43.0  5.3 mm; P<0.03). Commissure-commissure dimension, annular area, and annular height at ES were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: despite significant increases in LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume, short-term b-blocker treatment of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity339 reduced or preserved all mitral annular dimensions except SL at ES.

title: Changes in mitral annular geometry and dynamics with   -blockade in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative valve disease']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'MR']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative mitral valve disease']


abstract: An @entity1619 associated with pure @entity66 was described in this paper. A 51 year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity10 and palpitation in October 1988. On admission, physical examination showed marked pallor but no detectable superficial lymphadenopathies. @entity828 was not observed. The blood examination revealed @entity417 with Hb of 6.6 g/dl and marked leukocytosis of 18,800/microliters with 43% ATL cells. The bone marrow aspirate showed moderate infiltration of ATL cells and a few erythroblasts. The bone marrow biopsy disclosed moderate infiltration of ATL cells, only a few erythroblasts with @entity1167 and marked @entity82 . The @entity1307 in serum was elevated (686 IU/microliters). To clarify the mechanism of development of the @entity75 , the peripheral blood lymphocytes (ATL cells) or serum of the @entity1 was added to in vitro erythroid colony formation. The patient's serum increased BFU-E but either serum or lymphocytes didn't inhibit the growth of CFU-E compared with control.

title: [ @entity1619 associated with pure XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['adult T cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['red cell aplasia-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['normocytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PRCA-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['maturation arrest']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['red cell aplasia-like lesion']


abstract: @entity1 records, imaging films, macroscopic and microscopic features, and clinical follow-up data of seven Japanese @entity1 with a @entity3558 -hypersecreting @entity5 were reviewed. The @entity3558 -hypersecreting @entity5 was defined as an enlarged major or minor papilla with a dilated orifice and visible @entity3558 oozing on endoscopy. The series consisted of six @entity1 and one @entity1 ranging from 47 to 79 yr old. The excretion of @entity3558 through a patulous orifice of the enlarged ampulla of Vater was seen in six @entity1 and of the enlarged minor papilla in the other @entity1 with @entity788 . The main pancreatic duct was dilated in all @entity1 . Amorphous @entity3558 was seen in the dilated duct of five @entity1 , and papillary nodules were present in two @entity1 . Computed tomography and/or ultrasonography showed dilatation of the main pancreatic duct with @entity45 in six @entity1 and with a solid @entity5 in the other @entity1 . The @entity5 was located diffusely in the main pancreatic duct in one @entity1 , whereas it was confined to branches in the head (four @entity1 ), body (one @entity1 ), or tail (one @entity1 ) of the @entity788 in the six other @entity1 . Histopathologic diagnosis was a cyst lined by hyperplastic mucus-secreting epithelium in one @entity1 , @entity8940 in two, and @entity4347 in two. Five @entity1 underwent resection and have survived for 1-46 months after the operation. The authors would like to emphasize this endoscopic syndrome because about half of @entity3558 -hypersecreting @entity5 are malignant with a favorable prognosis.

title: @entity3558 -hypersecreting @entity5 with XXXX extrusion through an enlarged papilla.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum', 'pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'tumor of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['multilocular cysts']

answer: @entity3558 :: (100508689,Gene) :: ['mucin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that @entity1 with @entity740 , including those with @entity2316 , are more likely to die of @entity65 than @entity454 ( @entity454 ). This analysis was conducted to determine whether @entity454 is a more common outcome than @entity65 in @entity1 with type 2 @entity2316 , significant @entity644 , and decreased kidney function who were selected for participation in a clinical trial. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the DIAMETRIC ( @entity6 Treatment for @entity177 Consortium) database derived from 2 prospective randomized controlled clinical trials (IDNT [Irbesartan @entity2316 Trial] and RENAAL [Reduction of Endpoints in @entity2175 With the @entity2178 Antagonist @entity9886 ]). SETTING _ @entity1 : 3,228 adult @entity1 with type 2 @entity2316 from IDNT and RENAAL were combined to establish the DIAMETRIC database. This is the largest global source of clinical information for @entity1 with type 2 @entity2316 who have decreased kidney function and significant @entity644 . INTERVENTION: Angiotensin receptor blocker versus non-angiotensin receptor blocker therapy to slow the progression of type 2 @entity2316 (in the prospective trials). OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: Incidence rates of @entity454 , @entity65 , and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 2.8 years; 19.5% of @entity1 developed @entity454 , approximately 2.5 times the incidence of @entity65 and 1.5 times the incidence of all-cause mortality. @entity454 was more common than @entity65 in all subgroups analyzed with the exception of @entity1 with low levels of @entity633 (albumin excretion <1.0 g/g) and well-preserved levels of kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate >45 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)) at baseline. LIMITATIONS: All @entity1 were included in a prospective clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with type 2 @entity2316 , characterized by decreased kidney function and significant @entity644 , are more likely to reach @entity454 than die during 3 years' mean follow-up. Given the rapidly increasing number of cases of type 2 @entity6 worldwide, this has implications for predicting future renal replacement therapy requirements.

title: Relative incidence of @entity454 versus cardiovascular mortality in proteinuric type 2 @entity6 and nephropathy: results from the DIAMETRIC ( @entity6 Treatment for XXXX Consortium) database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic Nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['Losartan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'reach end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Renal Insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In early @entity172 receptor (ER)-positive/ @entity1722 -negative @entity0 , the decision to administer chemotherapy is largely based on prognostic criteria. The combined molecular/clinical EndoPredict test (EPclin) has been validated to accurately assess prognosis in this population. In this study, the clinical relevance of EPclin in relation to well-established clinical guidelines is assessed. @entity1 AND METHODS: We assigned risk groups to 1702 ER-positive/ @entity1722 -negative postmenopausal @entity1 from two large phase III trials treated only with endocrine therapy. Prognosis was assigned according to National @entity5 Center Network-, German S3-, St Gallen guidelines and the EPclin. Prognostic groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: After 10 years, absolute risk reductions (ARR) between the high- and low-risk groups ranged from 6.9% to 11.2% if assigned according to guidelines. It was at 18.7% for EPclin. EPclin reassigned 58%-61% of @entity1 classified as high-/intermediate-risk (according to clinical guidelines) to low risk. @entity1 reclassified to low risk showed a 5% rate of distant @entity3 at 10 years. CONCLUSION: The EPclin score is able to predict favorable prognosis in a majority of @entity1 that clinical guidelines would assign to intermediate or high risk. EPclin may reduce the indications for chemotherapy in ER-positive postmenopausal @entity1 with a limited number of clinical risk factors.

title: EndoPredict improves the prognostic classification derived from common clinical guidelines in ER-positive, @entity1722 -negative early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Most cases of diverticular @entity32 are mild and require only medical treatment with liquid diet and antibiotics. Until recently, this treatment required admission to hospitals, which consequently entailed costs. In most cases, treatment was conservative, and less than a quarter of @entity1 admitted actually underwent surgery. In the last year, the outpatient treatment of these @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity4436 has proven effective and safe. The aim of the present study was to describe our experience after 5 years of outpatient treatment with oral antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective revision study between January 2010 and December 2014. We included all @entity1 admitted to the Emergency Department of the University General Hospital of Elche with a diagnosis of uncomplicated acute @entity4436 based on medical history, physical examination and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scanning. Outpatient treatment consisted of oral antibiotics for 10 days ( @entity868 500 mg/8 h and @entity2177 500 mg/12 h), a liquid diet and oral analgesics ( @entity1443 1 g/6 h). RESULTS: During the period from January 2010 to December 2014, 224 @entity1 were treated on an outpatient basis at a success rate of over 92%. Only 18 @entity1 (8%) required admission after outpatient treatment. CONCLUSION: Outpatient treatment of uncomplicated acute @entity4436 was demonstrated to be safe and effective.

title: Outpatient treatment in uncomplicated acute XXXX : 5-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a central relay in the bulbospinal pathways that modulate nociception, contains high concentrations of substance P (Sub P) and neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptors. However, the function of Sub P in the RVM is poorly understood. This study characterized the actions of Sub P in the RVM in the @entity130 and then used two @entity16325 antagonists, L-733,060 and L-703, 606, to probe the role of endogenously released Sub P in the development and maintenance of persistent inflammatory nociception of immune or neurogenic origin. In uninjured @entity35 , microinjection of Sub P in the RVM produced a transient thermal antinociception that was attenuated by pretreatment with L-733,060 or L-703,606. It did not alter threshold to withdrawal from tactile stimulation with von Frey filaments. Microinjection of the antagonists alone did not alter paw withdrawal latency (PWL) or threshold suggesting that Sub P is not tonically released in the RVM in the @entity130 . However, microinjection of either antagonist in the RVM was sufficient to reverse @entity1931 4 h, 4 days or 2 weeks after intraplantar (ipl) injection of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ). Antagonism of NK1 receptors in the RVM did not prevent or reverse tactile @entity56 induced by @entity3795 , but did attenuate that produced by @entity2951 . @entity16325 antagonism did not prevent the development of thermal @entity1931 , tactile @entity56 or spontaneous @entity158 behaviors induced by mustard oil (MO). The results suggest that Sub P has bimodal actions in the RVM and that following inflammatory injury, it can play a critical role as a pronociceptive agent in the development and maintenance of @entity1931 and tactile @entity56 . However, its actions are highly dependent on the stimulus modality and the @entity130 , and this may be an additional basis for the poor efficacy of @entity16325 antagonists in clinical trials.

title: Effects of @entity16325 agonism and antagonism in the rostral ventromedial medulla of XXXX with acute or persistent inflammatory nociception.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['absence of injury', 'type of injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of cellular energy status. In adipocytes, stimuli that increase intracellular @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) have also been shown to increase the activity of AMPK. The precise molecular mechanisms responsible for @entity268 -induced AMPK activation are not clear. @entity21253 ( @entity21253 ) is a critical regulator of @entity268 signaling in adipocytes. Here we investigated the roles of @entity21253 , PDE4, protein kinase B (PKB) and the exchange protein activated by @entity268 1 ( @entity32236 ), as well as lipolysis, in the regulation of AMPK in primary @entity35 adipocytes. We demonstrate that the increase in phosphorylation of AMPK at T172 induced by the adrenergic agonist @entity3044 can be diminished by co-incubation with insulin. The diminishing effect of insulin on AMPK activation was reversed upon treatment with the @entity21253 specific inhibitor @entity32237 but not with the PDE4 inhibitor @entity7428 . Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of @entity21253 and constitutively active PKB both resulted in greatly reduced @entity3044 -induced phosphorylation of AMPK at T172. Co-incubation of adipocytes with @entity3044 and the PKA inhibitor @entity9501 resulted in a total ablation of lipolysis and a reduction in AMPK phosphorylation/activation. Stimulation of adipocytes with the @entity32236 agonist @entity32238 led to increased phosphorylation of AMPK at T172. The general lipase inhibitor @entity350 decreased @entity3044 -induced phosphorylation of AMPK at T172. This decrease corresponded to a reduction of lipolysis from adipocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that @entity21253 and PDE4 regulate @entity268 pools that affect the activation/phosphorylation state of AMPK and that the effects of @entity1919 on AMPK involve @entity32236 , PKA and lipolysis.

title: Regulation of XXXX -activated protein kinase by @entity268 in adipocytes: roles for phosphodiesterases, protein kinase B, protein kinase A, @entity32236 and lipolysis.

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['Orlistat']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['Rolipram']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acoustic reflectometry is a technique based on a sonar that enables the diagnosis of @entity2171 . We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and diagnostic value of consumer type acoustic reflectometry device for determining @entity2171 in @entity1 . METHODS: Acoustic reflectometry and tympanometries of 84 @entity1 , from 3 to 14 years of age, were done the day before they underwent adenoidectomy/adenotonsillectomy and myringotomy    ventilation tube insertion under general anesthesia in the operating room with diagnosis of @entity2171 . Their test results and the results of myringotomies, which is the golden standard technique in @entity2346 media with effusion, were compared. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of both instruments in detecting middle ear fluid were determined. RESULTS: @entity2172 with effusion was detected in 106 ears (63.1%) during myringotomy. The sensitivity and specificities of acoustic reflectometry were found to be 83.33% and 68.18%, and tympanometry were 84.48% and 84.62%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 75.12% for acoustic reflectometry and 88.56% for tympanometry, and negative predictive values of acoustic reflectometry and tympanometry were 87.66% and 89.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the @entity1984 was comparable to tympanometry (p > 0.01), however the specificity, @entity2286 and NPV of @entity1984 were lower than tympanometry (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Consumer type acoustic reflectometry is highly sensitive, objective and easy to perform technique for detecting @entity2346 media with effusion, and it may help us to diagnose @entity2346 media with effusion in early stages if used by family practitioners or parents.

title: Consumer acoustic reflectometry: accuracy in XXXX media with effusion in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusion']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis', 'determination of otitis']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['diagnosis of otitis']


abstract: Nanomaterials offer a number of properties that are of interest to the field of neural tissue engineering. Specifically, materials that exhibit nanoscale surface dimensions have been shown to promote neuron function while simultaneously minimizing the activity of cells such as astrocytes that inhibit central nervous system regeneration. Studies demonstrating enhanced neural tissue regeneration in electrical fields through the use of conductive materials have led to interest in piezoelectric materials (or those materials which generate a transient electrical potential when mechanically deformed) such as @entity1947 ( @entity1948 ). It has been speculated that @entity1948 nanoparticles possess increased piezoelectric properties over @entity1948 micron particles. Due to this promise in neural applications, the objective of the present in vitro study was, for the first time, to assess the activity of astroglial cells on @entity1948 nanoparticle polymer composites. @entity1948 nanoparticles embedded in @entity2636 were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy to evaluate nanoscale surface features of the composites. The surface chemistry was characterized via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Astroglial cell response was evaluated based on cell adhesion and proliferation. Astrocyte adhesion was significantly reduced on @entity1948 nanoparticle/ @entity2636 (PU) composites with a weight ratio of 50:50 (PU: @entity1948 ) wt.%, 75:25 (PU: @entity1948 ) wt.%, and 90:10 (PU: @entity1948 ) wt.% in comparison to pure PU. The successful production of @entity1948 nanoparticle composite scaffolds suitable for decreasing astroglial cell density demonstrates their potential as a nerve guidance channel material with greater efficiency than what may be available today.

title: Decreased astroglial cell adhesion and proliferation on @entity1947 nanoparticle XXXX composites.

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) is a common complication of @entity451 despite prophylactic anticoagulant therapy. The diagnosis relies primarily on ultrasonography or phlebography; these investigations are difficult, expensive and can be time-consuming in paraplegic @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: To evaluate the usefulness of coagulation activation markers in excluding a diagnosis of @entity1150 , D-Dimers, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, prothrombin fragments ( @entity6343 ) and activated factor VIIa. OBJECTIVES: To improve the diagnosis of @entity1150 in paraplegic @entity1 . SETTING: This collaborative work was done at Raymond Poincar   Hospital, Garches, France. METHODS: To evaluate the usefulness of coagulation activation markers in excluding a diagnosis of @entity1150 , D-Dimers ( @entity20707 ), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes, prothrombin fragments ( @entity6343 ) and activated factor VIIa (FVIIa), were determined in a prospective study of 67 consecutive @entity1 with @entity451 or @entity1688 . Doppler ultrasonography and/or phlebography of the lower limbs and @entity20707 , TAT, @entity6343 level determination were systematically done in each @entity1 at admission to our rehabilitation unit. RESULTS: Despite prophylactic low molecular weight heparin therapy, six of the 67 @entity1 developed @entity1150 diagnosed by radiologic explorations. @entity20707 levels measured by a reference ELISA (Asserachrom @entity20707 , Diagnostica Stago) or a new rapid automated turbidimetric test (STA-Liatest @entity20707 ) were greater than 500 ng/ml in all @entity1150 @entity1 and in 40 non- @entity1150 @entity1 , of whom most had @entity293 , @entity1181 , or pressure sores. @entity20707 values were normal in only 21/67 @entity1 (31%). The negative predictive value of @entity20707 in our study was 100% since all @entity1150 @entity1 had @entity20707 values greater than 500 ng/ml. TAT and @entity6343 levels were not correlated with @entity20707 levels but also had a negative predictive value of 100%. Comparison of @entity20707 levels obtained using the two tests showed that results of the reference ELISA were closely correlated to those of the new rapid automated turbidimetric. TAT, @entity6343 , and factor VIIa are not useful for measuring @entity49 in paraplegic or tetraplegic @entity1 since no rapid tests for determining these parameters are available. CONCLUSION: @entity20707 levels determined using an ELISA or a new rapid automated turbidimetric test have a good negative predictive value for @entity1150 in paraplegic or tetraplegic @entity1 and may reduce the need for Doppler ultrasonography and/or phlebography by 31%.

title: Contribution of D-Dimer determination in the exclusion of XXXX in spinal cord injury @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'Deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease causing progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells. @entity8105 ( @entity8105 ), in which @entity528 often occurs by the fourth decade of life, constitutes the most severe form of this disease. Two genes commonly associated with @entity8105 have previously been cloned: @entity6391 GTPase regulator ( @entity8099 ) and @entity6391 2 ( @entity10289 ). We sought to identify mutations in these genes in Jordanian families suffering from this disease. Five unrelated Jordanian families with confirmed @entity8105 were screened for such mutations using direct sequencing. Three mutations were identified in the ORF15 exon of @entity8099 . The silent @entity35434 substitution and the @entity35435 insertion in the 3   -untranslated region were found in both normal and affected male family members at comparable frequencies, and thus were considered normal variants. The third mutation, @entity35436 , in which @entity3929 is substituted by @entity1889 , was found in all affected @entity1 and one unaffected @entity1 in the two families harboring this variant. Thus, this mutation may be pathogenic, but with incomplete penetrance. No @entity10289 mutations were found among the examined families. Mutation screening of @entity6391 @entity1 is essential to understand the mechanism behind this disease and develop treatments. A complete family history is required to identify its inheritance pattern and provide genetic counseling for @entity1 and their families.

title: Screening for mutations in @entity8099 and XXXX genes in Jordanian families with @entity8105 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8105 :: ('MESH:C564481', 'Disease') :: ['XLRP', 'X-linked RP']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'Retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration begins in early childhood and complete blindness']

answer: @entity10289 :: (6102,Gene) :: ['RP2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative seeks an in vitro test to accurately predict clinical @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ). We developed a @entity1370 assay incorporating simultaneous measurement of the action potential (AP) waveform and @entity141 transient (CT) in @entity1 iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). Concurrent optogenetic pacing provided a well-controlled electrophysiological background. METHODS: We used the Optopatch platform for all-optical electrophysiology (Hochbaum et al., 2014). In a monolayer culture, a subset of cells expressed a genetically encoded, @entity460 and voltage reporter, CaViar (Hou, Kralj, Douglass, Engert, _ Cohen, 2014), while others expressed a channelrhodopsin variant, CheRiff. Optical pacing of CheRiff-expressing cells synchronized the syncytium. We screened 12 compounds (11 acute, 1 chronic) to identify electrophysiological (AP rise time, @entity16942 , AP90, beat rate) and CT effects in spontaneously beating and paced cultures (1 Hz, 2 Hz). RESULTS: CaViar reported spontaneous and paced @entity28286 and CTs with high signal-to-noise ratio and low @entity6337 . @entity5126 , @entity6237 , @entity9690 , @entity6838 and @entity4392 prolonged @entity28286 , while @entity1855 and @entity594 shortened @entity28286 . Early after depolarizations (EADs) were elicited by @entity5126 , @entity6237 and @entity4392 . All but four compounds ( @entity2643 , @entity34072 , @entity594 , @entity1855 ) prolonged AP rise time. @entity594 and @entity1855 decreased CT amplitude, while @entity6838 increased CT amplitude. @entity7341 prolonged @entity28286 after chronic exposure. DISCUSSION: The Optopatch platform provides a robust assay to measure @entity28286 and CTs in hiPSC-CMs. This addresses the CiPA mandate and will facilitate comparisons of cell-based assays to @entity1 clinical data.

title: XXXX screening with simultaneous optogenetic pacing, voltage imaging and @entity460 imaging.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['TdP', 'Torsades de Pointes']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity7341 :: ('MESH:D010419', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentamidine']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinidine', 'quinidine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity34072 :: ('MESH:C029141', 'Chemical') :: ['chromanol']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['Cardiotoxicity']


abstract: @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) of the small intestine is an extremely rare condition. It occurs most commonly in the extremities and the trunk. We report a case of a 67-year-old @entity1 who admitted with @entity221 , @entity925 , and altered status. After thorough investigation, a @entity5 was found. The @entity1 underwent complete surgical @entity5 . A diagnosis of MFN (undifferentiated high-grade @entity242 ) was made. The @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 . Two years after the operation, the @entity1 died due to recurrence of the disease. @entity1418 of the small intestine is an extremely rare @entity5 with an aggressive biological behaviour. In this paper, pathogenesis, natural history, and treatment are reviewed.

title: Primary XXXX : a rare case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma', 'MFH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumor', 'tumor of the jejunum', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9858 , an oral commensal, belongs to the mitis group streptococci, and occasionally causes @entity1292 such as @entity3555 and @entity2259 . Recently, we found @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) produced by @entity9858 is sufficient to kill the @entity1 monocytes and epithelial cells, implying streptococcal @entity5568 is a cytotoxin. In the present study, we investigated whether streptococcal @entity5568 impacts lysosomes, organelles of the intracellular digestive system, in relation to cell death. @entity9858 infection induced the cell death of RAW 264 macrophages in an @entity5568 -dependent manner, which was exemplified as exogenous @entity5568 also induced cell death. Infection of either a mutant lacking spxB, which encodes @entity2388 oxidase responsible for @entity5568 production, or @entity6586 , which does not produce @entity5568 , showed less @entity137 . Visualization of lysosomes with LysoTracker revealed lysosome deacidification after infection of @entity9858 or exposure to @entity5568 , which was corroborated by @entity9186 staining. Similarly, fluorescent labeling of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 gradually disappeared during infection of @entity9858 or exposure to @entity5568 The deacidification and following induction of cell death were inhibited by chelating @entity68 in lysosomes. Moreover, fluorescent staining of cathepsin B indicated lysosomal destruction. However, treatment of infected cells with a specific inhibitor of cathepsin B had negligible effects on cell death; instead, it suppressed the detachment of dead cells from the culture plates. These results suggest that streptococcal @entity5568 induces cell death with lysosomal destruction and then the released lysosomal cathepsins contribute to the detachment of the dead cells.

title: @entity9858 induces lysosomal impairment of macrophages via bacterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9858 :: ('1303', 'Species') :: ['S. oralis', 'Streptococcus oralis']

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) gene @entity35896 ( @entity24278 ) influences the progression of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). There have been no studies on the role of @entity7 SNP @entity35896 in @entity409 ( @entity409 ). The aim of the present study was to analyse the correlation between @entity7 SNP -634 and the clinical severity of @entity409 and @entity157 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted on 182 subjects (46 @entity157 , 39 liver cirrhotic/LC, 38 chronic @entity99 /CH; and 57 healthy subjects). The study was conducted from 2010 to 2014 at the Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia. All subjects submitted blood serum for DNA sequencing examination using primer. The clinical data of @entity409 and @entity157 were assessed, and sVEGFR-2 was examined in 149 subjects. All data were analysed using STATA programme 11.0. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in genotypic frequency (GG/GC/CC) between @entity157 , LC, CH and healthy subjects (p=0.004), but though no significant differences were observed between the G>G and C>G genotypic frequencies (p=0.337). The frequency of genotype GG was significantly higher than genotype GC or CC in @entity157 and was associated with declining of clinical conditions (p<0.05). No significant difference in the distribution genotypes was observed with respect to the level of sVEGFR-2 in the serum. However, we observed a significant correlation between sVEGFR-2 and clinical characteristics in LC and CH (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Genotype GG of the @entity7 SNP -634 is the dominant genotype in severe @entity409 and @entity157 . sVEGFR-2 correlates with the disease severity but is not directly associated with the SNP -634 genotype.

title: The role of @entity7 XXXX and its soluble receptor on chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity35896 :: (c|SUB|G|-634|C,DNAMutation) :: ['-634 G/C']


abstract: The management of liver transplant recipients with @entity8 remains controversial because @entity205 withdrawal from triple immunosuppression regimens may be followed by graft rejection. A nonnephrotoxic and powerful immunosuppressant such as @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) could allow a reduction of @entity205 dosage or its withdrawal and an improvement in renal function in these @entity1 . Eleven patients with serum @entity1011 levels greater than 1.5 mg/dL, normal graft function, and a rejection-free period of at least 1 year started @entity2098 at a dose of 2000 mg/d (reduced in case of adverse events) while @entity205 dosage was slowly reduced. At last follow-up (63 +/- 5 weeks), 7 @entity1 remained free of @entity205 (6 of those @entity1 are also free of @entity230 ), 2 @entity1 reduced their @entity205 dose, and 2 @entity1 developed mild acute rejection that responded to a switch to @entity1140 therapy. Serum @entity1011 and @entity1133 levels in the 7 @entity1 free of @entity205 decreased from 2.22 +/- 0.13 to 1.90 +/- 0.19 mg/dL (P =.05) and 0.95 +/- 0.10 to 0.60 +/- 0.10 g/L (P <.001), respectively. @entity1011 clearance increased from 38.16 +/- 5.60 to 47.01 +/- 6. 76 mL/min (P =.005). Control of arterial @entity101 also improved. Tolerance to @entity2098 was good, but 6 @entity1 required dose reductions, mainly because of asymptomatic @entity417 . In conclusion, in liver transplant recipients with stable graft function, @entity2098 may allow @entity205 dose reduction or discontinuation, thus improving renal function and the control of arterial @entity101 . This change of treatment must be carefully monitored because of the frequent need for @entity2098 dose reduction and the risk for rejection.

title: Conversion of liver transplant recipients on @entity205 with XXXX to @entity618 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal function impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal impairment']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity158 is a common presentation to the emergency department but often overlooked with little research done on the topic in Nepal. We did an observational retrospective study on 301 @entity1 in the emergency ward of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences with the objective of finding the practice of @entity1337 . The specific focus was on the time to @entity1337 , drugs for @entity1337 and method of @entity158 assessment. METHODS: Case file analysis of @entity1 discharged home after presenting with @entity158 was performed. Time to @entity1337 and other factors were analyzed with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Diclofenac injection intramuscular (80%) was the commonest analgesic used. Assessment methods and record keeping were poor. @entity158 in the abdomen was the commonest. The median time to @entity1337 from triage was 45 minutes (IQR 30 to 80) and the median time to @entity1337 from doctor evaluation was 40 minutes (IQR 20 to 70). CONCLUSIONS: Time to @entity1337 from triage and doctors assessment in our set up is comparable to others. The quality of documentation is poor. Problems with @entity158 identification and assessment may lead to inadequate @entity1337 so reinforcing the use of @entity158 descriptor at triage itself with @entity158 score would be helpful in adopting a protocol based management of @entity158 .

title: Use of XXXX in an emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: @entity784 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A @entity8 (IgAN). Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been reported to be able to prevent @entity3145 through immune-modulating effects. To evaluate the effects of ASCs in high IgA ddY (HIGA) @entity19 , ASCs were isolated from HIGA @entity19 with different stages of IgAN before and after disease onset. ASCs were injected at a dose of 5 10(6) cells/kg body weight through the tail vein every 2 weeks for 3 months. Although the administered ASCs were rarely detected in the glomeruli, 24-h @entity644 was markedly decreased in all ASC-treated groups. Although glomerular deposition of IgA was not significantly different among groups, @entity7622 and @entity631 were dramatically decreased in most ASC treatment groups. In addition, levels of fibrotic and inflammatory molecules were markedly decreased by ASC treatment. Interestingly, ASC therapy significantly decreased @entity630 cytokine activity in the kidney and caused a shift to @entity61 responses in spleen T-cells as determined by @entity10062 analysis. Furthermore, conditioned media from ASCs abrogated aggregated IgA-induced @entity630 cytokine production in cultured HIGA mesangial cells. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of ASC treatment in IgAN occur via paracrine mechanisms that modulate the @entity630 / @entity61 cytokine balance. ASCs are therefore a promising new therapeutic agent for the treatment of IgAN.

title: Adipose-derived stem cells improve renal function in a XXXX model of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial proliferation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We undertook a retrospective review of 78 percutaneous hip @entity1173 performed as a prerequisite to prosthetic revision or replacement. Although the majority of the @entity1 were already scheduled for revision or replacement, many @entity1173 were requested as part of the "routine" algorithm in the evaluation of a @entity158 hip. Cultures from the aspirated fluid were compared with those obtained intraoperatively (where possible) and to the clinical suspicion of @entity281 . Many of the selected @entity1 had clinical and/or radiographic indications of @entity158 . Our results yielded no evidence of @entity281 (0%) when there was no clinical suspicion of @entity281 (60 @entity1 ). Clinical suspicion for @entity281 was high in 7 @entity1 ; aspirates demonstrated @entity281 in 5 of them. One @entity1173 was false negative for @entity281 , but subsequent intraoperative cultures were positive. When the clinical suspicion was intermediate or equivocal (11 @entity1 ), results were negative in 9 and positive in 2, both at @entity1173 and intraoperatively. We contend that routine percutaneous hip @entity1173 do not need to be performed when a prosthetic revision or replacement is contemplated if the clinical suspicion for @entity281 is low. Hip @entity1173 and arthrography should not be eliminated, however, when the clinical suspicion is equivocal or high or when there is no apparent cause for a @entity158 prosthesis.

title: Role of routine percutaneous hip XXXX prior to prosthesis revision.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration', 'aspirations']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspirations']


abstract: In order to provide a detailed description of the MR appearance of @entity9128 , the MR examinations of 12 @entity1 (10 with @entity424 and two with @entity10220 ) were reviewed and correlated with operative and pathologic reports. Three of 10 @entity424 were intraventricular, two were intraparenchymal, and five were transependymal, extending from CSF spaces into parenchyma. Both @entity10220 were intraventricular. @entity5 and @entity10220 were iso- to hypointense relative to normal white matter on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on proton-density- and T2-weighted images. Foci of signal heterogeneity within solid @entity5 represented @entity3961 , hemosiderin, @entity39 , @entity730 , and encased native vessels or @entity5 vascularity. @entity7241 -enhanced images in two @entity1 differentiated enhancing @entity5 from surrounding nonenhancing @entity4 and from surrounding normal brain parenchyma. @entity5 had sharply defined, round or oval margins and uniform signal intensity equivalent to or slightly hyperintense relative to CSF. Tumor-associated @entity730 was not demonstrated readily by MR. Sagittal and coronal images were valuable in assessing the amount of @entity2504 and route of extension. We conclude that the MR differentiation of @entity424 and @entity10220 from other @entity11 is provided most reliably by the location and morphology of the @entity5 and not by differences in signal intensity. The typical @entity424 arises within the fourth ventricle as a solid mass with heterogeneous signal intensity. A propensity for spread is seen along the CSF pathways via the foramina of Magendie and Luschka and the aqueduct of Sylvius. @entity424 may be periventricular in location and have cystic components. The two @entity10220 in our series were solid, @entity2504 with relatively homogeneous signal intensities.

title: @entity9128 and XXXX : MR manifestations.

entities_list: @entity9128 :: ('MESH:C531673', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular tumor', 'intraventricular tumors']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas', 'ependymoma', 'Supratentorial ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cystic neoplasms', 'neoplasms', 'Solid ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity10220 :: ('MESH:D018315', 'Disease') :: ['subependymomas']

answer: @entity10220 :: (MESH:D018315,Disease) :: ['subependymoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Providing adequate dosimetric coverage of elongated, curvilinear incisions during adjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) after extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) for @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) creates technical challenges. We explored @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) surface brachytherapy to supplement dose to multiple curvilinear incisions. This modality circumvents the technical limitations of relying on multiple en face electron fields while minimizing dose to adjacent normal tissues. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 59-year-old @entity1 presented with a left-sided, Stage III, T3N2M0, epithelioid @entity3620 . After undergoing a left EPP, adjuvant IMRT was recommended to improve local control. An eight-field IMRT plan was designed to encompass the postoperative hemithorax. Incisional scars were lengthy and extended beyond the hemithoracic target volume. Both en face electron and surface @entity1168 plans were prepared and evaluated based on dosimetric coverage of the incisional scars, dose to normal tissues, reliability of setup, and treatment delivery. RESULTS: @entity1168 was preferred. The @entity1 was planned and treated in the right lateral decubitus position. @entity1168 source catheters were placed along the incisions atop 5-mm bolus. A composite plan including IMRT and brachytherapy dose contributions was produced. Boosts of incisional scars were performed in six fractions (three fractions per week) of 3 Gy prescribed to 12 mm from the catheter. @entity1168 brachytherapy was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Surface @entity1168 brachytherapy is a viable option for supplemental dose to incisional scars at risk of local recurrence after EPP for @entity3620 . Advantages over electron beam therapy include avoidance of field abutments and feathering, less tissue-bone interface dose uncertainty and reproducibility of treatment delivery.

title: High-dose-rate surface brachytherapy to boost elongated, curvilinear incisional scars after extrapleural pneumonectomy for XXXX treated with adjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ultrastructural alteration and @entity273 ( @entity274 ) localization were examined in Xanthomonas under cellular injury using transmission electron microscopy. METHODS: Histochemical methods were used in the present study. RESULTS: Intriguingly, the injury led to presence of an additional location of @entity274 accumulation within the cells. There was an association between the frequency and size of the additional location of @entity274 accumulation and the degrees of injury. Furthermore, an additional ultrastructure, mesosomes, was also present in injured cells. The frequency and size of mesosomes also increased with the increasing degrees of injury. CONCLUSION: Result of multiple linear regression showed that the size of mesosome plays as a key factor in the quantity of excess @entity274 accumulation in bacteria under cellular injury. Linear correlation was confirmed between quantity of excess @entity274 accumulation and the size of mesosome in injured cells. This finding intensely indicated that mesosomes are just the additional location of @entity274 accumulation in cells under cellular injury. The excess @entity274 accumulation in mesosomes should be a positive regulatory mechanism in bacteria under cellular injury.

title: [Correlation between endogenous XXXX and mesosome formation in cellular injured bacteria].

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: A major risk factor for @entity5 is increasing age, which suggests that @entity5 implants in old @entity19 would grow more rapidly. However, various reports have suggested that old @entity19 are not as permissive to implanted @entity5 cells as young @entity19 . In order to determine and characterize the age-related response to B16 @entity320 , we implanted 5*10(5) @entity5 cells into 8, 16, 24, and 32-month-old male C57BL/6 (B6) and C57BL/6*BALB/c F1 (CB6 F1) @entity19 subcutaneously in the inguinal and axillary spaces, or intradermally in the lateral flank. Results showed decreased @entity5 volume with increasing age, which varied according to @entity19 genetic background and the implanted site. The B6 strain showed robust @entity5 growth at 8 months of age at the inguinal implantation site, with an average @entity5 volume of 1341.25 mm(3). The 16, 24, and 32-month age groups showed a decrease in @entity5 growth with @entity5 volumes of 563.69, 481.02, and 264.55 mm(3), respectively (p <=0.001). The axillary implantation site was less permissive in 8-month-old B6 @entity19 with an average @entity5 volume of 761.52 mm(3). The 24- and 32-month age groups showed a similar decrease in @entity5 growth with @entity5 volumes of 440 and 178.19 mm(3), respectively (p <=0.01). The CB6F1 strain was not as @entity5 permissive at 8 months of age as B6 @entity19 with average @entity5 volumes of 446.96 and 426.91 mm(3) for the inguinal and axillary sites, respectively. There was a decrease in @entity5 growth at 24 months of age at both inguinal and axillary sites with an average @entity5 volume of 271.02 and 249.12 mm(3), respectively (p <=0.05). The strain dependence was not apparent in 8-month-old @entity19 injected intradermally with B16 @entity320 cells, with average @entity5 volumes of 736.82 and 842.85 mm(3) for B6 and CB6 F1, respectively. However, a strain difference was seen in 32-month-old B6 @entity19 with an average decrease in @entity5 volume of 250.83 mm(3) (p <=0.01). In contrast, @entity5 growth significantly decreased earlier in CB6 F1 @entity19 with average @entity5 volumes of 417.62 and 216.34 mm(3) in the 16- and 24-month age groups, respectively (p <=0.005). Histologically, implanted @entity5 in young @entity19 exhibited characteristics of @entity146 , rapidly growing @entity5 cells including high vascularity, mitosis, and invasiveness compared to @entity5 in old @entity19 . We contend that the decrease in B16 @entity320 growth seen with increasing age in B6 and CB6 F1 @entity19 represents a biological process, which we are calling age-dependent @entity5 resistance (ADCR). Our data provide a detailed description of conditions necessary to use the model to investigate the mechanisms of ADCR and determine its biological and clinical relevance.

title: B16 XXXX growth is delayed in @entity19 in an age-dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'syngeneic tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to search for lower doses of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) that are effective and have lower @entity137 . METHODS: A low dose of BCG 27 mg was compared with BCG 13.5mg, using @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) 30 mg as the third arm of comparison. A total of 430 @entity1 with intermediate-risk superficial @entity150 were randomised into three groups. Instillations were repeated once a week for 6 wk followed by another six instillations given once every 2 wk during 12 wk. RESULTS: There was a significantly longer disease-free interval for BCG 27 mg versus @entity1139 30 mg (p=0.006). There were no statistically significant differences between BCG 27 mg and BCG 13.5mg (p=0.165) or between BCG 13.5mg and @entity1139 30 mg (p=0.183). Cox proportional hazards regression showed that disease-free interval in the multivariate analysis was significantly better for primary disease and treatment with BCG 27 mg. There were no significant differences among the three groups with regards to time to progression and @entity5 -specific survival time. Local and systemic @entity137 were higher in both BCG treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: One third of the standard dose, BCG 27 mg, seems to be the minimum effective dose as adjuvant treatment for intermediate-risk superficial @entity150 , being more effective than @entity1139 30 mg. One sixth of the standard dose, BCG 13.5mg, has the same efficacy as @entity1139 30 mg but it is more toxic.

title: A multicentre, randomised prospective trial comparing three intravesical adjuvant therapies for intermediate-risk superficial @entity150 : low-dose bacillus Calmette-Guerin (27 mg) versus very low-dose bacillus Calmette-Guerin (13.5 mg) versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: The mucosal protective effect of @entity5418 (Ulcogant) was evaluated in a prospective randomised clinical study during radiation therapy. Twenty-four @entity1 received 1 g of a @entity5418 suspension 4 times a day orally for 5 min each. This group was compared with a control group of 21 @entity1 receiving standard oral hygiene consisting of frequent tooth cleaning and disinfection of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. The radiation technique was telecobalt therapy in two opposing fields using the shrinking field technique, with an electron boost to the posterior lymph nodes; the dosage was 60-70 Gy in daily fractions of 2 Gy. Mucosal reactions, @entity158 and difficulty in swallowing were recorded twice a week. We also checked the @entity1 's weight during treatment. The @entity1 showed significant differences in all parameters, and lower @entity353 compared with the control group. Minimal or @entity32 @entity158 or @entity1282 were found in 88%, 79% and 83% respectively, while 43% and 29% and 52% of the controls had such mild radiation side-effects. Local effectivity appeared to be less in the hypopharynx due to shorter time of application compared with mouth and oropharynx. There were no side-effects from the @entity5418 . @entity5418 prophylaxis is effective and easy to apply in the protection of mucosa during irradiation therapy.

title: [Radiotherapy of head-neck neoplasms: prevention of XXXX of the mucosa by @entity5418 treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['absent mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate', 'Sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: There is evidence suggesting that macrophages and epithelioid cells, predominant cells in sarcoid @entity738 , are derived from circulating monocytes on a gradient of chemotactic factors between the lesion and the circulation. A previous study by the author showed that epithelioid cells and lymphocytes from @entity738 released chemotactic factors to attract blood-derived mononuclear cells. The present study was undertaken to further explore the role of chemotactic factors in the pathogenesis of sarcoid @entity738 formation. Twenty two sarcoid @entity1 , 14 @entity1 with active @entity358 and 8 @entity1 without @entity358 , were lavaged and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were evaluated for chemotactic activity. Chemotactic activity was detected in BAL fluid from sarcoid @entity1 with @entity358 , but not from those without @entity358 . Chemotactic activity for mononuclear cells in the BAL fluid correlated with the percentage of lymphocyte numbers (r = 0.702, p less than 0.05) and number of @entity404 + lymphocytes (r = 0.796 p less than 0.02) present in the BAL fluids, which has been proved to reflect disease activity. Chemotactic activity was independent of the amounts of albumin in BAI fluid (r = 0.271, p less than 0.10). Chemotactic factors in BAL fluid were eluted in 4 different regions on molecular sieving and were stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min. However, chemotactic activities were abolished completely by treatment at 100 degrees C for 30 min or trypsinization. Our observations suggest that chemotactic activity in BAL fluid from sarcoid @entity1 reflects the disease activity contributing to formation of @entity738 .

title: [The role of chemotactic factors in the pathogenesis of sarcoid XXXX formation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement', 'active pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma', 'sarcoid granulomas']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3406 @entity566 (NA) occurring after implantation of a @entity5648 -containing device is rare and not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the current practices and experience of interventional cardiologists with NA after closure of @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) with @entity5648 -containing devices. STUDY DESIGN: E-mail invitations were sent to the 96 members of the @entity65 Interventional Study Consortium (CCISC). The survey was Internet-based and mainly consisted of multiple-choice questions. RESULTS: A total of 50 responses (52%) were returned and the median number of device closures was 300 for all responders. While 80% of responders believe that NA exists, only 44% routinely inquire about NA prior to device closure and no responders perform skin testing prior to device closure. Slightly more than half of responders (58%) utilize antiplatelet medications (97% @entity117 ) in the days prior to device closure. Of the 50 survey responders having a total experience of 16,075 implants, 7 operators reported 33 cases of NA among 1,600 implants. @entity118 closure was associated with all well-described cases of NA. Reaction occurred anywhere from 2 days up to 1 month after implantation and manifested as @entity10 , @entity1910 / @entity110 , @entity2294 . All @entity1 responded to medical management and no longer require medication. CONCLUSIONS: While a majority of interventional cardiologists believe that NA exists, it remains a rare and poorly defined phenomenon. Although CCISC survey responders indicate that their @entity1 with NA responded to medical therapy, further investigation of risk factors and safety is warranted.

title: Nickel for your thoughts: Survey of the @entity65 Interventional Study Consortium (CCISC) for XXXX @entity566 .

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty breathing, fever or pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Cardiovascular']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity3406 :: (MESH:D009532,Chemical) :: ['nickel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secretory @entity3900 ( @entity7098 ) and @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ) are enzyme biomarkers of increased cardiovascular risk and targets of emerging therapeutic agents. Their relationship to cardiovascular events in the setting of high-dose statin therapy compared with placebo in @entity1 with @entity1187 is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity7098 and @entity6511 mass and activity were measured in 2587 @entity1 in the @entity741 Reduction With Acute @entity165 Lowering (MIRACL) trial at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment with @entity2993 80 mg/d or placebo. Baseline levels of @entity7098 and @entity6511 mass and activity were not associated with the primary efficacy measure of the trial of @entity204 , @entity583 , or unstable @entity951 . However, in the overall cohort, baseline @entity7098 mass predicted risk of @entity204 after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio for 2-fold increase, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.56; P=0.004). This association remained significant when examined separately in the placebo group but not in the @entity2993 group. Compared with placebo, @entity2993 reduced median @entity7098 mass (-32.1% versus -23.1%), @entity7098 activity (-29.5% versus -19.2%), @entity6511 mass (-35.8% versus -6.2%), and @entity6511 activity (-24.3% versus 5.4%; P<0.001 for all). @entity2993 reduced the hazard of @entity204 associated with elevated @entity7098 mass and activity by    50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7098 mass independently predicts @entity204 during a 16-week period after @entity1187 . High-dose @entity2993 significantly reduces @entity7098 and @entity6511 mass and activity after @entity1187 and mitigates the risk of @entity204 associated with @entity7098 mass. @entity2993 may exert antiinflammatory effects on phospholipases that contribute to its therapeutic benefit after @entity1187 .

title: @entity3900 enzymes, high-dose XXXX , and prediction of ischemic events after @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['Lp-PLA(2)', 'lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis have a high level of morbidity and mortality associated with @entity65 and they also have an increased risk of @entity944 . The @entity731 seen in peritoneal dialysis @entity1 is associated with both traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as low levels of physical activity, @entity407 , @entity101 , @entity6 and smoking as well as non-traditional risk factors such as elevated oxidative stress and @entity32 . The @entity731 may be preceded by @entity409 and increased arterial stiffness. Measures of arterial stiffness such as aortic pulse wave velocity predict morbidity and mortality. Numerous studies have reported that the elevated levels of oxidative stress and @entity32 in this population are associated with arterial stiffness and in turn with the development of @entity65 . A number of studies have reported that peritoneal dialysis is associated with lower levels of oxidative stress and @entity32 compared to haemodialysis. A small number of trials have extended this work to determine associations between oxidative stress and @entity32 with vascular or myocardial structure and function with equivocal results. The decision to undergo either peritoneal or haemodialysis is based on many factors which include the differential damage the renal replacement therapy may have on the cardiovascular system. Current evidence suggests this may vary over time. Previous randomised controlled trials and many other observational studies have produced conflicting results as to which therapy may have a cardiovascular advantage. Some registry data suggests peritoneal dialysis is associated with a lower mortality than haemodialysis in the first one-two years but thereafter may be higher on peritoneal dialysis than haemodialysis. Other registry data do not support this. Further long-term studies assessing surrogate and hard endpoint cardiovascular outcomes in peritoneal dialysis are required.

title: XXXX in peritoneal dialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Wild zebra finches form long-term monogamous pair-bonds that are actively maintained year-round, even when not in breeding condition. These desert finches are opportunistic breeders, and breeding is highly influenced by unpredictable rainfall. Their high levels of affiliation and complex breeding patterns make zebra finches an excellent model in which to study the endocrine regulation of affiliation. Here, we compared @entity12128 pairs that were provided with water ad libitum (control) or water restricted. We examined (1) reproductive physiology, (2) pair-maintenance behaviors in several contexts, and (3) circulating and brain @entity134 levels. In females, water restriction profoundly reduced largest ovarian follicle size, ovary size, oviduct size, and egg laying. In males, water restriction had no effect on testes size but decreased systemic @entity251 levels. However, in the hypothalamus, local @entity251 and @entity53 levels were unaffected by water restriction in both sexes. Systemic and local levels of the @entity342 precursor @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) were also unaffected by water restriction. Lastly, in three different behavioral paradigms, we examined a variety of pair-maintenance behaviors, and none were reduced by water restriction. Taken together, these correlational data are consistent with the hypothesis that local production of sex @entity230 in the brain promotes the expression of pair-maintenance behaviors in non-breeding zebra finches.

title: Effects of water restriction on reproductive physiology and affiliative behavior in an opportunistically-breeding and monogamous songbird, the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity12128 :: (59729,Species) :: ['zebra finch']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine chronic opioid use pre- @entity2445 (total hip arthroplasty) and post- @entity2445 , and risk factors for persistent or new chronic opioid use post- @entity2445 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs health claims database. @entity1 : 9525 @entity1 who had an elective unilateral @entity2445 between 1/01/2001 and 12/31/2012. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Chronic opioid use. Defined as 90   days of continuous opioid use or 120   days of non-continuous use. RESULTS: Pre- @entity2445 , 6.2% (n=593) of @entity1 were chronic users, while 5.2% (n=492) were post- @entity2445 . Among the 492 postoperative chronic users, 302 (61%) were chronic users pre- @entity2445 and post- @entity2445 and 190 (39%) became new chronic users after surgery. Risk factors for persistent chronic use were younger age (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99/1-year increment), back @entity158 (OR=1.99, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.23), @entity6 (OR=3.52, 95% CI 1.05 to 11.8), hypnotics use (OR=2.52, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.30) and higher pre- @entity2445 opioid exposure (compared with opioid use for 94-157   days, 157-224   days (OR=3.75, 95% CI 2.28 to 6.18), 225+ days (OR=5.18, 95% CI 2.92 to 9.19). Risk factors for new chronic opioid use post- @entity2445 were being a @entity1 (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.96), back @entity158 (OR=3.90, 95% CI 2.85 to 5.33), @entity308 (OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.41), gastric acid disease (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.25), @entity2704 (OR=5.11, 95% CI 1.08 to 24.18), @entity409 (OR=4.33, 95% CI 1.08 to 17.35), @entity353 (OR=2.60, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.39), @entity303 (OR=2.19, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.61), hyperlipidaemia (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.91), hypnotics (OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.16) and antineuropathic @entity158 medication use (OR=3.11, 95% CI 2.05 to 4.72). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing @entity2445 are exposed to opioids for long periods of time, putting them at high risk of harm related to opioid use. We identified groups at risk of chronic opioid use, including younger @entity1 and @entity1 , as well as modifiable risk factors of chronic opioid use, including level of opioid exposure presurgery and hypnotic use. These indicators of chronic opioid use can be used by clinicians to target @entity1 groups for suitable @entity158 management interventions.

title: Risk factors for persistent and new chronic opioid use in XXXX undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']