abstract: The nature, in particular the transplantability of @entity722 induced in @entity19 by intrasplenic ovarian grafting was investigated. Female @entity19 were ovariectomized and received autoplastic ovarian grafts into the spleens. The animals were killed at various periods from 2 to 12 months after grafting and the size of intrasplenic ovarian nodules was measured. There was an approximate liner increase in the size of intrasplenic ovarian grafts with passage of time. @entity43 were transplanted subcutaneously into intact male @entity19 . About two-thirds or more @entity43 over 1.0 cm in diameter were transplantable. The larger the intrasplenic ovarian grafts, the greater was the estrous reaction in the vaginal smears. All animals bearing the grafts over 1.0 cm in diameter showed reaction. Once intrasplenic ovarian grafts grow to the extent that @entity172 is released with no complete inactivation by the liver, @entity172 would escape into the general circulation. Inhibiting excessive release of pituitary gonadotropins. It is considered that @entity43 become transplantable when they grow autonomously, even if the excessive release of pituitary gonadotropins is inhibited.

title: XXXX induced in @entity19 by intrasplenic ovarian grafting.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Intrasplenic ovarian tumors', 'intrasplenic ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['granulosa cell tumors']

answer: @entity722 :: (MESH:D006106,Disease) :: ['Transplantability of granulosa cell tumors']


abstract: Clinical data and @entity5 histology of 37 @entity1 with advanced and/or metastatic @entity4177 (32 stage III and 5 stage IV) treated according to the protocol of the German Cooperative Pediatric @entity96 Study HB-89 from 1988 to 1992 were studied for prognostic factors. Twenty-three @entity1 (73%) were free of @entity5 9 months to 5 years (median, 36 months) after treatment, whereas 4 experienced progressive disease, 7 had local relapse, and 3 had recurrent metastases. None of 2 @entity1 with primary lymph node involvement or 5 with primary metastases remained disease-free. Chemotherapy with @entity1260 , @entity900 , and @entity632 was effective in reduction of @entity5 to resectability in 33 (89%) @entity1 . Drug resistance developed in 6 of 11 @entity1 treated with four or more courses of chemotherapy as could be shown by monitoring of @entity160 ( @entity160 ) and serial investigations of @entity5 expansion with sonography and computed tomographic (CT) scan. Only 1 of these @entity1 survived after a liver transplantation. @entity5 resection at second- or third-look laparotomy was significantly related to disease-free survival (P < .0001). @entity1 with initial serum- @entity160 values < 100 ng/mL or > 1,000,000 ng/mL had a worse outcome than those with immediate levels (P = .044). The rate of decrease of serum- @entity160 during chemotherapy was significantly related to prognosis (P = .003). Growth pattern of @entity5 within the liver (ie, defined nodes versus diffusely disseminated) (P = .011) and @entity5 invasion (P = .026) were valuable prognostic factors, whereas @entity5 volume, local infiltration of surrounding tissue, histological subtypes, and epithelial differentiation were not significantly related to the outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Complete resection before development of drug resistance is essential for survival from advanced XXXX --a report from the German Cooperative Pediatric @entity96 Study HB-89.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor', 'Completeness of tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['AFP', 'serum-alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity2184 is the most common primary intraocular malignancy, and its @entity3 are deadly. Significant work has been done to elucidate the molecular framework that causes @entity2184 development and @entity3 . This review is intended to highlight the most recent breakthroughs in the molecular understanding of @entity2184 . RECENT FINDINGS: Monosomy of chromosome 3 and class 2 gene-expression profile ARE well-known INDICATORS of @entity320 @entity3 . However, some patients with disomy 3 and class 1 gene expression profiling (GEP) still develop @entity3 . Disomy 3 @entity5 may be further classified based upon the presence of an SF3B1 mutation. The role of SF3B1 gene is unclear at this time but may be related to the development of late @entity3 among disomy 3 @entity2184 . Class 1 GEP @entity5 have recently been subdivided into class 1a and class 1b, with class 1b @entity5 carrying a slightly higher risk of @entity3 . Among patients with either class 1 or class 2 GEP, the expression of preferentially expressed antigen in @entity320 (PRAME) is an independent risk factor for the development of @entity3 . Mutation of GNAQ is the most commonly observed mutation in @entity2184 , regardless of chromosome 3 status or GEP class. Inhibitors or GNAQ may be targets for therapeutic intervention in @entity2184 . MicroRNA molecules are small noncoding RNA molecules that have been recently demonstrated to function in RNA silencing and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. These molecules may play a role in the development of @entity2184 @entity3 . SUMMARY: New findings such as the presence or absence of PRAME, mutations in the SF3B1 gene and microRNA dysregulation have added new layers to our understanding of @entity2184 . These new concepts will enhance our ability to prognosticate tumor @entity3 and may provide targets for therapeutic intervention.

title: New concepts in the molecular understanding of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['Uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: The characteristics of @entity1955 (T4) deiodination to @entity6143 ( @entity3938 ) and @entity9375 ( @entity3938 ) and of each of the latter to @entity13602 ( @entity13602 ) were examined in @entity35 liver homogenate. Each of the four reactions was enzymatic in nature, demonstrating pH and temperature optima, and tissue and time @entity734 . All reactions were considerably augmented (greater than 10-fold) by the presence of a @entity1432 agent. At pH 7.2 with 2 muM T4 as substrate, @entity3938 generation was 3.3 +/- 0.44 (S.E.) and @entity3938 formation was 4.8 +/- 0.57 pmol/min/100 mg of homogenate protein. Fasting for 72 h resulted in a significant inhibition of T4 deiodination, compared to that in the @entity413 -fed animals, in a 2% homogenate preparation. Enzyme activity for T4 to @entity3938 was reduced by 54% (p less than 0.05) in the homogenate from the fasted @entity35 . Fasting lowered the enzyme activity of T4 to @entity3938 by 56% (p less than 0.05). Although the monodeiodination of @entity3938 to @entity13602 was also significantly depressed (p less than 0.01) by fasting, @entity3938 deiodination to @entity13602 was not. The in vitro additon of 5 mM @entity16958 did not reverse the effect of fasting on any reaction. These results demonstrate that a 72-h fast significantly impairs the sequential deiodination of T4 in liver homogenate. The effect of fasting appears to be mediated mainly through a reduction in enzyme concentration rather than co-factor availability.

title: Sequential deiodination of XXXX to @entity13602 via @entity6143 and @entity9375 in @entity35 liver homogenate. The effects of fasting versus @entity413 feeding.

entities_list: @entity16958 :: ('MESH:D004226', 'Chemical') :: ['dithioerythritol']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity9375 :: ('MESH:D014285', 'Chemical') :: ["3,3',5'-triiodothyronine"]

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6143 :: ('CHEBI:18258', 'Chemical') :: ["3,5,3'-triiodothyronine"]

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: Prostaglandin (PG) analogues are a new class of ocular @entity551 drugs that have been developed for the treatment of @entity1538 . Two of these drugs, latanoprost and unoprostone, are presently commercially available. Latanoprost was introduced in 1996 in the US and Europe. Presently it enjoys the most widespread use and is the most well documented drug of this group. It reduces the intraocular pressure (IOP) by a mechanism of action different from other drugs; namely by increasing the uveoscleral outflow. The aqueous inflow is not affected. The optimal dose regimen is one drop of 50 microg/ml once daily, which reduces the IOP by approximately 30% in @entity1 with @entity726 . A more pronounced ocular @entity551 effect is demonstrated when latanoprost is combined with other @entity726 therapies, including beta-blockers, adrenergic and cholinergic agonists or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Latanoprost is well tolerated. The drug reaches a plasma concentration below that needed for stimulation of the FP-receptor, which may explain its favourable systemic tolerability profile. The major ocular adverse effect is increased iris pigmentation, which is due to increased synthesis of melanin in the melanocytes of the @entity1539 . It is most frequently seen in green-brown eyes and it is probably permanent. A low frequency of @entity4 has also been reported, predominantly in predisposed eyes. Unoprostone was launched in Japan in 1994, but there is little experience with this drug outside the Japanese market and the documentation is more limited. Its main mechanism of action is on outflow, but this is not yet fully elucidated. The recommended dosage regimen is 1 drop of 1.2 mg/ml twice daily. No comparative studies in @entity1 between the 2 drugs have yet been published.

title: Prostaglandin analogues in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris stroma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: The present study was aimed at investigating effects of @entity3406 ( @entity4437 ) on secretion of @entity251 (T), cell viability, ultrastructure and apoptosis in @entity19 Leydig cells. @entity251 release was measured after 48h of culture with 15.67, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mol/L @entity4437 or without @entity4437 using radioimmunoassay. Cell viability was assessed by a @entity98 (metabolic activity assay). Quantification of apoptotic cells was performed using TUNEL assay and the ultrastructural changes were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. The viability was decreased after addition of >= 250 mol/L @entity4437 . A concentration-dependent @entity308 of T production was observed. The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly increased only after addition of 125, 250 and 1000 mol/L @entity4437 . After addition of >= 250 mol/L @entity4437 higher incidence of euchromatin was observed. Lipid droplets and vacuoles in cytoplasm were increased after addition of >= 125 mol/L @entity4437 . @entity4437 induced decrease in numbers of mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum after treatment with >= 500 mol/L @entity4437 . Our findings suggest a negative effect of @entity4437 on steroidogenesis, viability, apoptosis and ultrastructure of @entity19 Leydig cells.

title: @entity3406 induced structural and functional alterations in XXXX Leydig cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the impacts of implementing case payment system (CPS) to @entity910 ( @entity910 ) hemodialysis @entity1 on the frequencies and expenditure of dialysis. METHODS: Fifty-eight clinics and 35 tertiary care hospitals were identified as having a minimum of 10 hemodialysis @entity1 for each of the @entity910 and @entity910 ( @entity910 ) programs, who received hemodialysis from the same dialysis facilities for both periods of July 2001 and July 2002. From these facilities, a total of 2, 167 @entity910 and 2, 928 @entity910 @entity1 were identified as the study subjects. Using electronic claims data, the changes in the total number of monthly treatments and charges for outpatient hemodialysis treatments for each @entity1 after the introduction of the CPS were compared between the @entity910 and @entity910 @entity1 . Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the independent impact of the CPS on the utilization and expenditure of dialysis treatments among the @entity910 @entity1 . RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the total charges for the hemodialysis treatments of the @entity910 @entity1 , 3.4% (p< 0.05), whereas a significant increase was observed for the @entity910 @entity1 , 2.5% (p< 0.05). For both the @entity910 and @entity910 @entity1 , the frequency of the monthly hemodialysis treatments were significantly increased, 5.5 (from 12.1 to 12.7) and 7.8% (from 11.6 to 12.5), for the @entity910 and @entity910 @entity1 , respectively. However, a multivariate regression analysis showed no significant difference in the changes in the total number of monthly hemodialysis treatments between the @entity910 and @entity910 @entity1 after implementation of the CPS. Another regression model, regressing on the changes in the monthly claims of dialysis treatments, showed a significant negative coefficient for the @entity910 ( (=-70725, p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The significant decrease in the total charges for hemodialysis treatments among @entity910 as compared to @entity910 @entity1 suggests that there was a cost reduction in the @entity910 program following the introduction of the CPS.

title: Impacts of implementing case payment system to medical aid hemodialysis XXXX on dialysis frequencies and expenditure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'Medical Aid', 'MA', 'Medical Insurance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aims of this study were to review the diagnostic pathway of @entity1 with smears reported as 'glandular @entity5 ' and to outline the management, colposcopy findings, treatment and final histological diagnosis in these @entity1 . The design was a retrospective review. A total of 114 @entity1 were identified over a 5-year period from the cytology database at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital Cytology Department, whose hospital case notes were available for review. Methods included a review of the case notes for the demographic details, indication for smear, colposcopic findings, investigation and/or treatment procedures, histology, final diagnosis and current disease status. Of 114 smears reported as 'glandular @entity5 ', 67 were reported as consistent with cervical @entity2785 (CGIN), six with endocervical @entity420 , 36 with @entity1204 and five with other @entity5 . The average age was 46.5 years. 79 (69.3%) smears were routine call/recall and 36 (30.7%) @entity1 were symptomatic. The positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) for a significant histological abnormality in the CGIN smear group was 80.6% (23.9% invasive @entity189 , 43.3% CGIN and 13.4% CIN) and the @entity2286 of an ' @entity1204 ' smear was 86.1%. Smears indicating glandular @entity5 are associated with a high probability of clinically significant lesions, the @entity2286 of a CGIN smear being over 80%. Immediate referral for colposcopy and assessment by an experienced colposcopist is recommended.

title: A retrospective clinical audit of cervical smears reported as 'glandular XXXX '.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['glandular intra-epithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glandular neoplastic abnormalities', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 undergoing incisional/ @entity4037 repair are at risk of developing several @entity260 particularly @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality of @entity1 undergoing incisional/ @entity4037 repair and to determine the association between component separation and @entity1211 . METHODS: We reviewed the 2005-2011 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases to identify @entity1 undergoing incisional/ @entity4037 repair. Preoperative variables and postoperative outcomes were compared between a component separation group and a non-component separation group. The   (2) tests and Fisher's exact test were used for categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine preoperative predictors for complications in both groups. RESULTS: Thirty-four thousand five hundred forty-one @entity1 were included in our study; 501 @entity1 underwent a component separation procedure. A higher rate of wound complications, minor/major morbidity, mortality, and return to the operating room occurred in the component separation group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in deep vein @entity715 / @entity2268 and @entity1151 rates between the 2 groups (P = 0.780 and P = 0.591, respectively). Several risk factors were significantly associated with @entity260 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Component separation is used for large and complex incisional/ @entity4037 repairs to achieve @entity601 . Although @entity2483 repair is associated with higher incidence of wound complication, morbidity, and mortality, perhaps because of the complexity of the defects, it does not seem to be associated with increased @entity1211 rates.

title: Is There an Association between Component Separation and XXXX ? Analysis of the NSQIP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['tension-free midline closure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['component separation hernia']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous Thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A randomised controlled trial of day treatment with community care for @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity1316 , referred for in- @entity1 psychiatric treatment, was conducted to evaluate patterns of treatment and the @entity221 with its psychosocial consequences over a period of two years. METHOD: Seventy @entity1 , of whom 34 had affective and 36 had @entity161 , were assigned to the experimental condition (day treatment with ambulatory and domiciliary care), and 33 @entity1 , of whom 16 had affective and 17 had @entity161 , were assigned to the control condition of standard clinical care. RESULTS: Day treatment with community care was feasible for 40.6% of the affective @entity1 and 33.3% of the @entity161 @entity1 . The direct treatment costs of both disorders, based on numbers of in- and day- @entity1 days and out- @entity1 contacts over two years, appeared more or less the same. @entity1 benefited equally from day treatment as from in- @entity1 treatment, although there were some gains in self-care and in functioning in the household among experimentals. Although @entity161 were socioeconomically worse off, and also suffered from more (severe) symptoms and social disabilities than the affective @entity1 at entry into the study, they were similar at two years. This finding is unexpected, compared with other follow-up studies. Extra cost for @entity1 and families were not observed. @entity1 and their families in the experimental condition were significantly more satisfied with the treatment. Experimental @entity1 spent much more time at home during admission, remained much less time in secluded wards, and were more compliant with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Day treatment could be considered a cost-effective alternative to in- @entity1 treatment.

title: Costs and benefits of hospital and day treatment with community care of affective and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenics', 'schizophrenic disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The plant hormone @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) is ubiquitous among land plants where it plays an important role in plant growth and development. In seeds, @entity2272 induces embryogenesis and seed maturation as well as seed dormancy and germination. In vegetative tissues, @entity2272 is a necessary mediator in the triggering of many of the physiological and molecular adaptive responses of the plant to adverse environmental conditions, such as desiccation, salt and cold. RESULTS: In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) on @entity17573 at the level of the proteome using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). Sixty-five protein spots showed changes in response to @entity2272 treatment. Among them, thirteen protein spots were down-regulated; fifty-two protein spots were up-regulated including four protein spots which were newly induced. These proteins were involved in various functions, including material and energy metabolism, defense, protein destination and storage, transcription, signal transduction, cell growth/division, transport, and cytoskeleton. Specifically, most of the up-regulated proteins functioned as molecular chaperones, transcriptional regulators, and defense proteins. Detailed analysis of these up-regulated proteins showed that @entity2272 could trigger stress and defense responses and protect plants from oxidative damage. Otherwise, three protein kinases involved in signal pathways were up-regulated suggesting that @entity17573 is sensitive to exogenous @entity2272 . The down-regulated of the Rubisco small subunit, photosystem II @entity26 -evolving complex proteins and photosystem assembly protein ycf3 indicated that photosynthesis of @entity17573 was inhibited by @entity2272 treatment. CONCLUSION: Proteome analysis techniques have been applied as a direct, effective, and reliable tool in differential protein expressions. Sixty-five protein spots showed differences in accumulation levels as a result of treatment with @entity2272 . Detailed analysis these protein functions showed that physiological and molecular responses to the plant hormone @entity2272 appear to be conserved among higher plant species and bryophytes.

title: Conservation between higher plants and the moss XXXX in response to the phytohormone @entity2271 : a proteomics analysis.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity17573 :: ('3218', 'Species') :: ['Physcomitrella patens', 'P. patens']

answer: @entity17573 :: (3218,Species) :: ['Physcomitrella patens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term success of intracardiac repair of @entity215 is hampered by the occurrence of @entity943 . Numerous studies have stressed the potential role of @entity943 . However, the importance of other @entity943 in the morbidity of these @entity1 appears to be underestimated. Furthermore, most follow-up studies have been limited to @entity1 or adolescents, whereas many @entity1 have reached adulthood after earlier repair of @entity215 . The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of @entity955 , @entity956 , and other @entity943 in adult @entity1 after intracardiac repair for @entity215 and their correlation with surgical and clinical findings. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group consisted of 53 consecutive @entity1 referred to the Thoraxcenter adult congenital @entity299 clinic. They underwent repair at a mean age of 9.1 years (range, 0.7 to 55 years). The median age at the time of study was 23.2 years (range, 15 to 57 years; mean age, 26.6 years), and the mean duration of follow-up of 17.5 years (range, 1.4 to 32 years) after surgery. Records were reviewed extensively for evidence of @entity943 . The follow-up study included routine 12-lead ECG, 24-hour continuous ambulatory monitoring, and echocardiography, and 46 @entity1 underwent exercise testing. @entity1817 was recorded in 19 @entity1 (36%), of whom 4 required a permanent pacemaker. @entity955 or @entity5069 was found in 12 @entity1 , and other @entity4710 were found in 6. The former were more frequently of older age at follow-up. Antiarrhythmic therapy and cardioversion were typically directed at control of atrial (and not ventricular) @entity591 . Ten @entity1 (19%) showed nonsustained @entity1165 ; they were older at initial surgery and older at follow-up and had more intracardiac repairs and longer cardiopulmonary bypass times. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an emphasis on @entity1540 in past series, the main sources of morbidity in adult @entity1 after surgical correction of @entity215 emanated from @entity943 , which were present in one third of the @entity1 .

title: @entity943 in adults after repair of XXXX . Correlations with clinical, exercise, and echocardiographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'supraventricular arrhythmias', 'atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Spain, the Law 28/2005, which came into effect on January 2006, was a turning point in smoking regulation and prevention, serving as a guarantee for the progress of future strategies in the direction marked by international organizations. It is expected that this regulatory policy should benefit relatively more to lower socioeconomic groups, thus contributing to a reduction in socioeconomic health inequalities. This research analyzes the effect of @entity286 regulation in Spain, under Law 28/2005, on the initiation and cessation of @entity286 consumption, and whether this effect has been unequal across distinct socioeconomic levels. METHODS: Micro-data from the National Health Survey in its 2006 and 2011 editions are used (study numbers: 4382 and 5389 respectively; inventory of statistical operations (ISO) code: 54009), with a sample size of approximately 24,000 households divided into 2,000 census areas. This allows individuals' @entity286 consumption records to be reconstructed over five years before the initiation of each survey, as well as identifying those individuals that started or stopped smoking. The methodology is based on "time to event analysis". Cox's proportional hazard models are adapted to show the effects of a set of explanatory variables on the conditional probability of change in @entity286 consumption: initiation as a daily smoker by young @entity1 or the cessation of daily smoking by adults. RESULTS: Initiation rates among young @entity1 went from 25% (95% confidence interval (CI), 23-27) to 19% (95% CI, 17-21) following the implementation of the Law, and the change in cessation rates among smokers was even greater, with rates increasing from 12% (95% CI, 11-13) to 20% (95% CI, 19-21). However, this effect has not been equal by socioeconomic groups as shown by relative risks. Before the regulation policy, social class was not a statistically significant factor in the initiation of daily smoking (p   >   0.05); however, following the implementation of the Law, young @entity1 belonging to social classes IV-V and VI had a relative risk of starting smoking 63% (p   =   0.03) and 82% (p   =   0.02) higher than young @entity1 of higher social classes I-II. On the other hand, lower social class also means a lower probability of smoking cessation; however, the relative risk of cessation for a smoker belonging to a household of social class VI (compared to classes I-II) went from 24% (p   <   0.001) lower before the Law to 33% (p   <   0.001) lower following the law's implementation. CONCLUSION: Law 28/2005 has been effective, as after its promulgation there has been a decrease in the rate of smoking initiation among young @entity1 and an increase in the rate of cessation among adult smokers. However, this effect has not been equal by socioeconomic groups, favoring relatively more to those individuals belonging to higher social classes.

title: The effect of policies regulating XXXX consumption on smoking initiation and cessation in Spain: is it equal across socioeconomic groups?

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity97 reactivation is a common complication in HBsAg-positive @entity706 @entity1 with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. There is no standard antiviral treatment for these @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The initial time, the agent and the duration time are confused at present. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the antiviral efficacy of @entity14278 concurrent with initiation of chemotherapy in HBsAg-positive @entity1 with @entity706 . STUDY DESIGN: Between April 2008 and October 2012, 359 @entity1 with pathological diagnoses of @entity706 were admitted to the hospital. Among those, a cohort of 60 HBsAg-positive cases were included in this retrospective study, and @entity14278 was taken at the same day or one day prior to the first cycle of chemotherapy. The rates of @entity97 reactivation, virological response, undetectable @entity97 DNA, the relationship between @entity97 reactivation and its clinical characteristics were investigated. RESULTS: The rate of @entity97 reactivation was 11.7% (7/60), while it was 17.5% (7/40) and 75% (3/4) in @entity1 treated with rituximab based chemotherapy and rituximab maintenance therapy, respectively. The fulminant @entity99 rate was 6.6%. The rates of virological response, undetectable @entity97 DNA and ALT normalization were 88.3%, 61.7% and 83.3%, respectively. @entity97 reactivation was associated with rituximab (P = 0.013), and HBeAg-negativity (P = 0.016), but not correlated with age, gender, clinical stages, extranodal disease, bone @entity236 , B symptoms, @entity97 viral loads or serum LDH level. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity14278 treatment with initial chemotherapy can effectively reduce @entity97 reactivation in HBsAg-positive @entity706 @entity1 , and the efficacy is independent of the baseline @entity97 viral loads.

title: Antiviral efficacy analysis of @entity14278 concurrent with the first cycle of chemotherapy in HBsAg-positive XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity14278 :: ('MESH:C487779', 'Chemical') :: ['telbivudine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow involvement']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitors ( @entity319 -TKIs) have been widely used in a variety of solid @entity5 . Concerns have arisen regarding the risk of severe @entity281 (>= grade 3) with use of these drugs, but the contribution of @entity319 -TKIs to @entity281 is still unknown. METHODS: The databases of PubMed and abstracts presented at oncology conferences' proceedings were searched for relevant studies from January 2000 to December 2014. Summary incidences, Peto odds ratio (Peto OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using either random-effects or fixed-effects models according to the heterogeneity of included studies. RESULTS: A total of 16,488 @entity1 from 27 randomized controlled trials were included. The risk of developing severe (Peto OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.45-1.96, P<0.001) and fatal @entity281 (Peto OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.13-2.81, P=0.013) was significantly increased in @entity1 treated with @entity319 -TKIs when compared to controls. Exploratory subgroup analysis showed no effect of @entity5 types, phase of trials, or agent used on the Peto OR of severe @entity281 . When stratified according to specific infectious events, the risks of high-grade febrile @entity1398 , @entity55 , @entity221 , and @entity295 were increased compared with controls, with Peto ORs of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.30-1.88, P<0.001), 1.79 (95% CI: 1.29-2.49, P<0.001), 5.35 (95% CI: 1.47-19.51, P=0.011), and 3.68 (95% CI: 1.51-8.99, P=0.004), respectively. Additionally, @entity319 -TKIs significantly increased the risk of @entity295 (OR 3.66, 95% CI: 1.47-9.13, P=0.005) but not fatal @entity55 (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 0.80-2.25, P=0.26). CONCLUSION: The use of @entity319 -TKIs significantly increases the risk of developing severe and fatal infectious events in @entity5 @entity1 . A close monitoring for any signs of @entity281 is recommended for @entity1 treated with @entity319 -TKIs.

title: Increased risk of severe XXXX in @entity5 @entity1 treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitors: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'fatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple modalities are available for treating @entity2318 , one of which is chemical peeling. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of medium-depth peels in the treatment of @entity2318 . METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ) were seen between November 1998 and March 2000. A medium-depth chemical peel was performed. The peel was performed using a combination of Jessner's solution followed by the application of 35% @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ). The mean age of @entity1 who entered the study was 28 years. A total of 42 peeling sessions were performed: 13 @entity1 had the full three-session regiment, 1 @entity1 had two sessions, and 1 had only one session. RESULTS: @entity1 in our study had two forms of @entity2318 , the @entity3202 or crater-like form and the pitted (ice-pick) form. Improvement occurred in all except one of our @entity1 . Significant improvement (greater than 75% clearance of lesions) occurred in 1 @entity1 (6.6%), moderate improvement (51-75% clearance) in 8 @entity1 (53.3%), mild improvement (26-50% clearance) in 4 @entity1 (26.6%), minimal improvement (1-25% clearance) in 1 @entity1 (6.6%), and no response in 1 @entity1 (6.6%). All @entity1 had different combinations of the above two forms. Four @entity1 (26.6%) had mainly pitted scars and deep @entity2318 . The clinical response in those @entity1 was moderate, mild, minimal, and no response, respectively. The remainder of our @entity1 had mainly @entity2318 of moderate depth. Nine @entity1 (73.4%) suffered from transient @entity2117 . In two of them it was preceded by erythema that lasted for more than 1 month. All @entity1 were free of noticeable pigmentation 3 months after the final peel. @entity1 in whom @entity2117 did not develop were of light brown complexion. CONCLUSION: We conclude that medium-depth chemical peel is a safe and effective method of treating @entity2318 even in @entity1 with dark complexion.

title: Medium-depth chemical peels in the treatment of XXXX in dark-skinned individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic scars', 'acne scars']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['postinflammatory hyperpigmentation', 'hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic saucer']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['acne scars']


abstract: AIM: To detect high risk @entity1 with a @entity74 of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) requiring immunosuppressive therapy (IT). METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter analysis of 262 @entity31 @entity1 from eight German @entity29 centres was performed. @entity1 were divided into two groups depending on the @entity1 need to initiate immunosuppressive therapy in the disease course. A comparison between the two groups was made with regard to demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters obtained within three months after @entity31 diagnosis and the response to first medical therapy. Using this data, a prognostic model was established to predict the individual @entity1 probability of requiring an immunosuppressive therapy. RESULTS: In 104 (39.7%) out of 262 @entity1 , @entity31 therapy required an immunosuppressive treatment. @entity1 in this group were significantly younger at time of diagnosis (HR = 0.981    0.014 per year, P = 0.009), and required significantly more often a hospitalisation (HR = 2.5    1.0, P < 0.001) and a systemic corticosteroid therapy at disease onset (HR = 2.4    0.8, P < 0.001), respectively. Response to @entity479 treatment was significantly different between the two groups of @entity1 (HR = 5.2    3.9 to 50.8    35.6 compared to no @entity230 , P = 0.016 to P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the IT group an extended disease (HR = 3.5    2.4 to 6.1    4.0 compared to proctitis, P = 0.007 to P = 0.001), @entity417 (HR = 2.2    0.8, P < 0.001), @entity1148 (HR = 1.9    1.8, P = 0.009), elevated @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) (HR = 2.1    0.9, P < 0.001), and extraintestinal manifestations in the course of disease (HR = 2.6    1.1, P = 0.004) were observed. Six simple clinical items were used to establish a prognostic model to predict the individual risk requiring an IT. This probability ranges from less than 2% up to 100% after 5 years. Using this, the necessity of an immunosuppressive therapy can be predicted in 60% of @entity1 . Our model can determine the need for an immunosuppressive drug therapy or if a "watch and wait" approach is reasonable already early in the treatment course of @entity31 . CONCLUSION: Using six simple clinical parameters, we can estimate the @entity1 individual risk of developing a @entity74 .

title: Parameters of a severe disease course in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease course']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine how frequently physicians identify and address overweight/ @entity28 in hospitalized @entity1 and to compare physician documentation across training level (medical student, intern, resident, attending). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective chart review. Using an administrative database, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention body mass index calculator, and random sampling technique, we identified a study population of 300 @entity1 aged 2-18  years with overweight/ @entity28 hospitalized on the general medical service of a tertiary care pediatric hospital. We reviewed admission, progress, and discharge notes to determine how frequently physicians and physician trainees identified (documented in history, physical exam, or assessment) and addressed (documented in hospital or discharge plan) overweight/ @entity28 . RESULTS: Physicians and physician trainees identified overweight/ @entity28 in 8.3% (n  =  25) and addressed it in 4% (n  =  12) of 300 hospitalized @entity1 with overweight/ @entity28 . Interns were most likely to document overweight/ @entity28 in history (8.3% of the 266 @entity1 they followed). Attendings were most likely to document overweight/ @entity28 in physical examination (8.3%), assessment (4%), and plan (4%) of the 300 @entity1 they followed. Medical students were least likely to document overweight/ @entity28 including it in the assessment (0.4%) and plan (0.4%) of the 244 hospitalized @entity1 with overweight/ @entity28 they followed. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians and physician trainees rarely identify or address overweight/ @entity28 in hospitalized @entity1 . This represents a missed opportunity for both @entity1 care and physician trainee education.

title: Physicians and Physician Trainees Rarely Identify or Address Overweight/Obesity  in Hospitalized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: To prepare a soluble gelatin sponge (GS) and to explore the GS particles (GSPs) that inhibit development of collateral pathways when transcatheter @entity99 is performed. The approval of the Institutional Committee on Research Animal Care of our institution was obtained. By means of 50 and 100 kDa of regenerative medicine-gelatin (RM-G), RM-G sponges were prepared by freeze-drying and heating to temperatures of 110-150  C for cross-linkage. The soluble times of RM-GSPs were measured in vitro. Eight @entity1707 for transcatheter @entity99 were assigned into two groups: six received 135  C/50RM-GSPs, 125  C/100RM-GSPs, and 138  C/50RM-GSPs, with soluble time of 48 h or more in vitro; two @entity1707 received Gelpart GSPs (G-GSPs) with insoluble time of 14 days as a control. Transarterial chemoembolization was performed on two branches of the hepatic artery per @entity1707 . RM-GSPs heated at temperatures of 110-138  C were soluble. Mean soluble times of the RM-GSPs increased with higher temperature. Hepatic branches embolized with G-GSP remained occluded after 6 days, and development of collateral pathways was observed after 3 days. Hepatic branches embolized with 135  C/50RM-GSP and 125  C/100RM-GSP remained occluded for 4 h, and recanalization was observed after 1 day. Hepatic branches embolized with 138  C/50RM-GS remained occluded for 1 day, and recanalization was observed after 2 days with no development of collateral pathways. In RM-GSs with various soluble times that were prepared by modulating the heating temperature, 138  C/50RM-GSP was the soluble GSP with the longest occlusion time without inducing development of collateral pathways.

title: A new soluble gelatin sponge for transcatheter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic arterial embolization']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic arterial embolization']


abstract: The effect of energy deprivation and @entity274 on the contraction, shape, and intracellular free @entity141 concentration of @entity296 cells was investigated using suspensions of freshly isolated, electrically stimulated @entity35 ventricle heart cells. The mitochondrial uncoupling agent @entity6320 ( @entity6320 ) was used to decrease the rate of @entity855 synthesis. At 0.9 mM extracellular @entity141 , @entity6320 (0.25 microM) reduced the number of contracting cells by 50% after 5 min, and the number of rod-shaped cells by 40% after 10 min. The effects of @entity6320 were associated with a substantial decrease in measured cellular @entity855 concentrations. The deleterious effect of exposure of myocytes to @entity6320 for periods of up to 5 min was enhanced by an increase in the extracellular @entity141 concentration, but markedly reduced in the absence of electrical stimulation. Verapamil protected myocytes from the deleterious effects of @entity6320 during the first 5 min but not at later times. In the presence of 46 mM extracellular K+, @entity6320 caused a marked increase in the myoplasmic free @entity141 concentration (measured using @entity6028 ). This effect was inhibited by @entity1855 and was not observed in the absence of K+-induced depolarization. Exposure of myocytes to @entity274 (0.5 mM) caused a substantial decrease both in the number of cells which exhibited normal end-to-end synchronous contraction and in the total number of cells which contracted either partially or fully. The effects of @entity274 were more pronounced at higher concentrations of the @entity2625 , with longer times of exposure to the agent, and at higher concentrations of extracellular @entity141 , and were partially reversed by @entity3733 . The results indicate that both @entity855 deprivation and @entity274 , possibly through the generation of free radicals, cause substantial and rapid damage to cardiac myocytes and induce the movement of additional @entity141 across the sarcolemma to the myoplasm. In the case of @entity855 deprivation, this initially occurs through voltage-operated channels.

title: Effects of energy deprivation and hydrogen peroxide on contraction and myoplasmic free calcium concentrations in isolated XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial muscle']

entities_list: @entity6320 :: ('MESH:D002258', 'Chemical') :: ['CCCP', 'carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial muscle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) of the skin is the most common @entity1 @entity5 . The genetic alterations underlying @entity1491 development are only partly understood. OBJECTIVES: To investigate further the molecular genetics of sporadic BCCs, we performed mutation analyses of 10 @entity1489 -associated genes in 42 @entity5 . METHODS: Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis followed by DNA sequencing was used to screen for mutations in the sonic hedgehog pathway genes @entity2750 , @entity2751 , @entity25181 and @entity8889 , in the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor gene, and in the proto-oncogenes @entity8497 , @entity984 , @entity8498 , @entity817 and @entity3546 . Microsatellite markers flanking the @entity2750 , @entity25181 and @entity876 loci at 9q22, 10q24 and 17p13, respectively, were studied for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). RESULTS: @entity2750 mutations were found in 28 of 42 @entity5 (67%). Microsatellite analysis revealed LOH on 9q22 in 20 of 38 @entity5 investigated (53%), including 14 @entity5 with and six @entity5 without @entity2750 mutations. @entity2751 mutations were identified in four of the 42 BCCs (10%) while two @entity5 demonstrated mutations in @entity25181 , including one missense mutation and one silent mutation. None of the BCCs showed LOH at markers flanking the @entity25181 locus. Seventeen BCCs (40%) carried @entity876 mutations, with only three @entity5 showing evidence of biallelic @entity876 inactivation. @entity876 mutations were present in BCCs with and without mutations in @entity2750 , @entity2751 or @entity25181 . Interestingly, 72% of the @entity876 alterations were presumably ultraviolet (UV)-induced transition mutations. In contrast, only 40% of the @entity2750 and @entity2751 alterations corresponded to UV signature mutations. No mutations were identified in @entity8889 , @entity8497 , @entity984 , @entity8498 , @entity817 or @entity3546 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the importance of @entity2750 , @entity2751 and @entity876 mutations in the pathogenesis of sporadic BCCs. @entity25181 alterations are restricted to individual cases while the other investigated genes do not appear to be important targets for mutations in BCCs.

title: Somatic mutations in the @entity2750 , @entity2751 , XXXX and @entity876 genes in sporadic basal cell carcinomas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCC', 'Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity25181 :: (51684,Gene) :: ['SUFUH']


abstract: To determine the efficacy of infliximab treatment in refractory posterior @entity1596 in Beh  et's disease after @entity3347 . Four @entity1 with posterior @entity1596 secondary to Beh  et's disease were treated with infliximab until complete remission and were followed after @entity3347 . Intra-ocular @entity32 was assessed using the binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy score, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and foveal thickness measured by optic coherence tomography (OCT). All the @entity1 included in the study were treated with infliximab for a minimum of 12 months and were in complete remission. None of the @entity1 were taking @entity230 or immunosuppressants. Main follow-up after @entity3347 was 7.5 months. Two out of four @entity1 (50%) maintained complete remission of posterior @entity1596 . BCVA was stable in seven eyes. OCT showed worsening in macular @entity4 in the two eyes of the @entity1 with reactivation. Infliximab is an efficient long-term treatment for refractory posterior @entity1596 . Repeated infusions are required to maintain long-term remission which may be sustained on discontinuation of the drug.

title: Effects of infliximab in the treatment of refractory posterior @entity1596 of Beh  et's disease after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal of infusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity3347 :: (MESH:D013375,Disease) :: ['withdrawal of infusions']


abstract: Only male zebra finches sing and several @entity4519 song control regions exhibit sex differences in neuron number that presumably reflect effects of @entity172 (E2) exerted during the first few posthatch weeks. That is, implanting females with E2 during this time masculinizes neuron number and instills the capacity for @entity146 . In certain song regions, E2 masculinizes neuron number by preventing the naturally-occurring death of neurons, long after their production, migration and process outgrowth are complete. However, in the Higher Vocal Center (HVC), the cellular mechanisms by which E2 establishes sex differences in neuron number are poorly understood. In contrast with other song regions, HVC neurogenesis overlaps with sexual differentiation and the incorporation of new neurons is greater in young males and E2-treated females, than in normal females. However, it is not known whether E2 promotes the addition of HVC neurons by stimulating their production, specification, and/or survival. To address this issue we injected males and females with @entity665 on days 15 and 16 to label a small group of sexually dimorphic HVC neuronal cohorts born during sexual differentiation. Afterwards, on day 17, females were implanted with Silastic pellets filled with @entity4520 (EB) or left empty. We report here that EB exposure on day 17 masculinized (increased) the number of neurons in the HVC at day 35 that were labeled by @entity665 injections on days 15/16. Thus, EB was able to increase cell number among at least some HVC neuronal cohorts after their final division, implying estrogenic regulation of post-mitotic events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX promotes neuron addition to an avian song-control nucleus by regulating post-mitotic events.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['vocal behavior']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity4519 :: ('MESH:C536954', 'Disease') :: ['telencephalic']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe analgesic practices among adults presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), and to determine factors affecting the timeliness and adequacy of @entity1337 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with descriptive and comparable data analysis was conducted on 2,199 @entity1 visits. This included a structured medical records review for all adult @entity1 (over 14 years old) from August 1, 2006 to October 31, 2006 that presented to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) of King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. @entity1 with acute @entity158 episode associated with @entity3458 , @entity10 , backache, renal colic, and @entity130 (specific @entity130 ) were included. @entity1 quantified their @entity158 on arrival by using 2 scales. RESULTS: There were 2199 @entity1 visits during the study period that included 1190 males (54.1%). The mean age was 24.4 10.6 years. One quarter of all the @entity1 did not receive any @entity1337 in the @entity341 . The median time to administration of initial analgesic was 54 minutes. Approximately one fourth of all @entity1 were sent home with no analgesics. Data identified female @entity1 and low triage level as the predictors for longer time to initial @entity1337 . CONCLUSION: Our data illustrate that adults with @entity158 conditions in our @entity341 often receive inadequate or no analgesic treatment.

title: @entity158 practices in a Saudi XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'isolated injuries']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Very low density lipoproteins isolated from @entity840 liver perfusate (VLDLp) lack the equivalent of @entity1 @entity8623 ( @entity8623 ), the activator of @entity5523 ( @entity5523 ). These lipoproteins are therefore ideal substrates with which to investigate the mechanism by which @entity8623 activates the enzyme. VLDLp binds @entity8623 , and @entity8623 associated with VLDLp markedly increases the rate of @entity5523 -catalyzed hydrolysis of VLDLp- @entity1674 . The activator potency of @entity8623 is independent of the method of enrichment of VLDLp with @entity8623 : delipidated @entity1 @entity8623 and @entity8623 transferred from @entity1 high density lipoproteins activate @entity5523 to equal extents. @entity8623 causes pH-dependent changes in both apparent Km and VmaX of @entity5523 -catalyzed hydrolysis of VLDLp- @entity1674 . At pH l7.4--7.5, the major effects of @entity8623 is to decrease the apparent Km by 3.3--4.0 fold. The apparent Vmax is increased 1.3-fold. At pH 6.5 and 8.5, the decrease of apparent Km is less marked, 1.6-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively. At pH 6.5, @entity8623 increases the apparent Vmax ty 1.3-fold, while at pH 8.5 the primary effect of @entity8623 is a 1.6-fold increase of apparent Vmax. Based on a simple kinetic model, the data suggest that @entity8623 favors direct interaction between enzyme and @entity412 within the lipoprotein particle, as well as subsequent catalytic turnover.

title: Hydrolysis of XXXX nascent very low density lipoproteins catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase: activation by hjman apolipoprotein C-II.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8623 :: ('344', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein C-II', 'apoC-II', 'ApoC-II']

entities_list: @entity5523 :: ('4023', 'Gene') :: ['LpL', 'lipoprotein lipase']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Most @entity1 with flatfeet are asymptomatic and will never require treatment. In general, @entity85 is flexible and will not cause @entity158 or disability; it is a normal variant of foot shape. Thus, it is essential to reassure and educate @entity1 and parents. @entity12318 with a contracture of the Achilles tendon may be @entity158 . In these cases, a stretching program may help relieve @entity158 . Scant convincing evidence exists to support the use of inserts or shoe modifications for effective relief of symptoms, and there is no evidence that those devices change the shape of the foot. The surgeon must be vigilant to identify the rare @entity2003 . Indications for flatfoot surgery are strict: failure of prolonged nonsurgical attempts to relieve @entity158 that interferes with normal activities and occurs under the medial midfoot and/or in the sinus tarsi. In nearly all cases, an associated contracture of the heel cord is present. Osteotomies with supplemental soft-tissue procedures are the best proven approach for management of @entity2003 .

title: @entity85 in XXXX and Adolescents: Surgical Indications and Management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid flatfoot']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot deformity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: AIMS: The study was designed to measure the prevalence, range, and severity of eye involvement in @entity1201 @entity1 ; to relate this to disease type, duration, and treatment to identify risk factors; and to provide practical guidelines for programme managers and field staff on the prevention of @entity1939 . METHODS: The visual outcome was assessed in a population based sample of @entity1 in Kasese District, Uganda followed for up to two decades, and related to disease features and treatment. A total of 678 @entity1 responded to an invitation out of 2715 registered since 1973. RESULTS: @entity4064 was present in 4.4% of @entity1 and @entity1939 in 1.3%, with 1.5% and 0.6% respectively being due to @entity1201 . Some 12.4% of @entity1 had @entity5890 , of whom 33% had @entity227 in one or both eyes, 3.7% of @entity1 had lagophthalmos, and 11.7% had @entity231 . For multi-bacillary (PB) cases, the adjusted odds ratios were: for @entity5890 4.6 (95% CI 2.6-8.2), for lagophthalmos 1.4 (0.6-3.2), and for @entity231 1.7 (1.0-3.0). Potentially sight threatening (PST) lesions were present in 16.8% of @entity1 (95% CI 14.0-19.6). CONCLUSION: Levels of eye involvement in this study are low compared with many surveys. @entity227 is uncommon and is more often caused by other diseases; in the present era of @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) it is very unlikely to be caused by @entity1201 . It is more common with advancing age. @entity75 , especially @entity5890 , may occur in both PB and MB cases, even if the diagnosis of @entity1201 is made early and @entity6371 started immediately; they may occur also after completion of @entity6371 . But eye complications need not proceed to loss of sight if treated promptly, and @entity1939 can be avoided. Training of front line staff is therefore crucial.

title: Is XXXX avoidable? The effect of disease type, duration, and treatment on eye damage from @entity1201 in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual loss', 'visual loss']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['multidrug therapy', 'MDT']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PST lesions']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['Low vision']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['leprosy blindness']


abstract: 1. Our aim was to determine whether the vasodilating substance @entity842 (NO) contributes to the rise in forearm blood flow observed during mental stress in @entity1 . We also determined whether the NO might be released as a result of cholinergic stimulation of the vascular endothelium. 2. Blood flow was measured in both forearms using plethysmography during several 3-5 min bouts of a colour word test. In one forearm the @entity842 synthase blocker @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ) and other drugs were infused via a brachial artery catheter. The contralateral forearm served as a control. 3. When @entity7293 was given prior to mental stress it blunted the rise in blood flow in the treated forearm almost completely. The normal blood flow response returned during a second bout of stress conducted after a wash-out period. During a third bout of mental stress, administration of more @entity7293 again blunted the blood flow responses to mental stress. 4. When @entity3897 was given prior to mental stress, the increases in blood flow were reduced in the treated forearm. Subsequent administration of both @entity3897 and @entity7293 caused a somewhat greater reduction in the blood flow responses than those observed with @entity3897 alone. 5. These data demonstrate that NO plays a role in forearm vasodilatation during mental stress in @entity1 . It is likely that most of the NO is released by cholinergic stimulation of the vascular endothelium.

title: XXXX contributes to the rise in forearm blood flow during mental stress in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: The present study examines the effects of physiological levels of @entity1420 (P) on copulatory behavior in sexually naive male @entity35 . Two weeks after gonadectomy males were implanted with either empty Silastic capsules (BL) or Silastic capsules containing @entity251 (T), P, or both (P+T). When tested with an estrous female, all of the gonadally intact males (intact) and none of the BL controls exhibited mounting/intromission behaviors. Mounting was observed in 75% of the T-alone males. More than half (64%) of the P-alone males and 100% P+T males exhibited mounting. In most cases, mounting was followed by intromission responses. Subsequently, intact and gonadectomized males received daily injections of the P antagonist @entity3927 along with hormone treatment. After receiving @entity3927 , only 63% of the intact males and 71% of the T-alone males mounted successfully. The facilitatory effects of P on copulatory behavior were completely abolished by @entity3927 treatment. The present studies provide the first evidence in mammals suggesting that P-dependent mechanisms influence neurochemical pathways involved in copulation.

title: XXXX modulation of androgen-dependent sexual behavior in male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: Paediatric @entity12318 is a common childhood paramorphism. Its treatment options consist of rehabilitation, corrective footwear and, if necessary, surgical intervention. The aim of our study was to compare a group of @entity1 who followed a rehabilitative programme versus a historical group of @entity1 who had been treated with insoles and orthopaedic footwear. Over a 2 year period (1995-1997), 300 @entity1 (mean age was 3.4-184 male, 116 female) with @entity12318 (600 feet) were recruited and underwent a rehabilitative programme for a mean period of 2.75 years. The feet were classified according to Viladot's method: 386 feet presented a @entity85 and 214 feet presented a @entity85 . The rehabilitative programme consisted of simple therapeutic exercises, which could be easily learnt by both @entity1 and their caregivers. These @entity1 were compared to a historical group of @entity1 (674 feet) who had been treated in our department for @entity12318 with the use of orthosis. In these groups, 396 feet presented a @entity85 and 278 feet presented a @entity85 . In the group of @entity1 who underwent the rehabilitative protocol, during follow-up at the age of eight, 352 of the 386 type III degree feet could be classified as normal and 210 of the 214 type II degree cases became normal. In the historical cohort of @entity1 treated with orthosis, at the age of eight, 214 of the 396 type III degree feet could be classified as normal; and 248 of the 278 type II degree cases became normal. Our results show that comparing the percentage of success (changing from type III or II degree to @entity196 ) in the two groups ( @entity1 treated with rehabilitation and @entity1 treated with orthosis), the rehabilitative approach seems to be more effective. Probably it has a marginal influence on the natural history of paediatric @entity12318 even though it plays a role in maintaining good flexibility of the @entity12318 thus limiting functional impairment.

title: Rehabilitative treatment in flexible XXXX : a perspective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['type I or N']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['type II degree deformity', 'type III degree deformity']

entities_list: @entity12318 :: ('MESH:D005413', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot', 'infantile flexible flatfoot', 'bilateral flexible flatfoot', 'valgus flexible flatfoot']

answer: @entity12318 :: (MESH:D005413,Disease) :: ['flatfoot']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that target tissues cleave @entity35 prolactin ( @entity3695 ) to form a two-chain derivative that yields approximately 16- and approximately 6-kDa fragments upon reduction. Both cleaved @entity3695 and the purified 16-kDa fragment have novel biological activities. Thus, cleavage may be of physiological significance. We determined whether normal mammary tissue or stroma (lacking mammary epithelial cells [MEC]) or @entity5 tissue could cleave @entity3695 in vitro. @entity5 explants were derived from a transplantable @entity5 cell line (TPDTMT-4EP). The hormone was incubated with explants of those tissues from female BALB/c or @entity3603 @entity19 . Medium samples were processed by @entity214 -PAGE, and the relative abundance of intact and cleaved @entity3695 was determined by densitometric analysis of immunoblots using an antiserum to the 16-kDa fragment of @entity3695 . After 2-hr of incubation, normal @entity3603 mammary explants cleaved approximately 25% of added @entity3695 , but @entity5 explants cleaved none. Explants of intact virgin BALB/c @entity19 mammary gland and of parenchyma-free "cleared" mammary fat pad cleaved @entity3695 equally well, but explants of abdominal adipose tissue had low cleaving activity. Homogenates of cleared mammary fat pads that were incubated with @entity3695 contained a high proportion of the cleaved form but none of the free 16-kDa fragment. These results indicate that cleavage of @entity3695 is highly specific to mammary stroma. Such cleavage may yield a form of the hormone that has novel activities within the mammary gland or elsewhere in the body.

title: Comparison of the ability of normal @entity19 mammary tissues and mammary adenocarcinoma to cleave XXXX prolactin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'mammary tumor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent data indicate a role for airway @entity2543 , a regulated form of @entity39 , and the associated release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the development of @entity1030 . DAMPs can activate @entity7944 ( @entity7944 ), triggering innate immune responses. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke (CS)-induced @entity2543 and @entity10370 release initiate airway @entity32 in @entity1030 . @entity1 bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) and @entity39 cell death (membrane integrity by PI staining) and @entity10370 release (i.e. dsDNA, @entity518 , @entity2285 , mtDNA, @entity855 ) were analyzed. Subsequently, BEAS-2B cells were exposed to @entity10370 -containing supernatant of CS-induced @entity39 cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators ( @entity687 , @entity650 ) was evaluated. Further, @entity19 were exposed to CS in the presence and absence of necroptosis inhibitor @entity19536 and levels of DAMPs and inflammatory cell numbers were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. @entity1050 induced a significant increase in the percentage of @entity39 cells and @entity10370 release in BEAS-2B cells. Stimulation of BEAS-2B cells with supernatant of CS-induced @entity39 cells induced a significant increase in the release of @entity687 and @entity650 , in a @entity4100 dependent fashion. In @entity19 , exposure of CS increased the levels of DAMPs and numbers of neutrophils in BAL fluid, which was statistically reduced upon treatment with @entity19536 . Together, we showed that CS exposure induces @entity39 of bronchial epithelial cells and subsequent @entity10370 release in vitro, inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, CS exposure induces @entity32 that is sensitive to necroptosis inhibition.

title: Cigarette smoke-induced necroptosis and @entity10370 release trigger @entity32 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'neutrophilic airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity19536 :: ('MESH:C507699', 'Chemical') :: ['Necrostatin-1']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['pattern recognition receptors', 'PRRs']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial necroptosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: CONTEXT: The somatic landscape of @entity977 is largely unknown. Identification of somatic alterations aims at better understanding of @entity5 pathology. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was a genome-wide characterization of somatic single- @entity4334 variants, structural variants, and copy-number aberrations in @entity10759 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Whole-genome sequencing and single- @entity4334 polymorphism array analyses were performed on 12 fresh-frozen @entity10759 and their corresponding blood samples. All the coding somatic variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. @entity1 : Studied @entity5 were @entity10759 . Apart from one @entity6052 mutation-positive @entity1 , all cases were mutation negative for the established germline mutations associated with @entity977 . INTERVENTION(S): There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Somatic variants were identified with an established computational pipeline and filtered against germline data. Somatic copy number alteration analyses were performed using segmentation-based approaches. RESULTS: A genome-wide analysis revealed on average 129 somatic single- @entity4334 variants per @entity5 . Further analysis of coding regions showed on average 2.3 single- @entity4334 variants per @entity5 . The only recurrent somatic events were the oncogenic @entity2163 mutation ( @entity20387 ) and shared chromosome losses (chromosomes 1, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 22). Analysis of somatic structural variants revealed one @entity5 with a complex chromosomal rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10759 showed a low number of somatic genetic alterations. Whereas no novel recurrently mutated genes could be identified, the somatic landscape has potential to affect the @entity141 and @entity855 pathways known to be involved in the pituitary tumorigenesis. Further studies, eg, methylome and transcriptome analyses, are needed to investigate possible interplay between the recurrent chromosome losses and epigenetic factors.

title: Whole-Genome Sequencing of Growth Hormone (GH)-Secreting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity20387 :: ('p|SUB|R|201|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg201Cys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['Somatotropinomas', 'somatotropinomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary Adenomas']


abstract: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous biopsy of @entity1819 and to document any associated complications. A retrospective review of all @entity1 undergoing ultrasonographically guided biopsy of @entity1819 was performed. Cases were evaluated for size of lesion, location, efficacy in obtaining a diagnostic specimen, and any procedure-related complications. A total of 46 biopsies were performed in 44 @entity1 over a 6 year period. Fifteen gastric, four duodenal, seven small bowel, 16 right colonic, and two left @entity1049 were identified. Histologic diagnosis included 20 @entity420 , @entity706 , 10 @entity361 , and two cases of @entity1681 . In 18 (41%) @entity1 the initial fine-needle aspirate was negative, although 10 of these @entity1 subsequently underwent ultrasonographically guided core biopsy with a diagnosis of @entity5 established in all 10. Two @entity1 with an initial negative result on fine-needle aspiration underwent repeat aspiration, demonstrating @entity5 . Two additional false-negative aspirates were obtained; these @entity1 did not undergo repeat biopsy but were subsequently found to have @entity706 . Two of the @entity1 with aspirates that were negative for @entity5 were believed to have inflammatory changes secondary to @entity788 . One @entity1 was lost to follow-up evaluation. No complications were recorded. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration of @entity1819 is a simple and safe procedure and may be particularly useful with poor candidates for endoscopy or for lesions that are difficult or impossible to reach endoscopically. Diagnostic yield is high, particularly in documenting @entity5 , although in suspected @entity5 a core biopsy often is required.

title: Ultrasonographically guided percutaneous biopsy of gastric, small bowel, and XXXX : efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'seven lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and bowel lesions', 'gastric, small bowel, or colonic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stromal tumors', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['candidal enteritis']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colonic abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-platelet @entity10388 single chain Fv phage antibody which can inhibit the aggregation function of platelet by using phage antibody library technology. METHODS: @entity3039 patients with anti-platelet @entity10388 autoantibody that could inhibit the aggregation function of platelet were screened by MAIPA assay and @entity1423 test. The gene fragments of heavy chain and light chain variable region (VH and @entity10389 ) of immunoglobulin were amplified by RT-PCR from peripheral blood lymphocytes mRNA of the screened @entity1 . The VH and and @entity10389 fragments were linked through a DNA linker encoding the peptide ( @entity7507 )3 to construct single chain Fv ( @entity10390 ) gene. The @entity10390 gene was digested with SfiI/NotI restriction enzymes and cloned into the pHEN2 phage display vector, then electrically transformed to @entity526 TG1. The TG1 containing @entity10390 -pHEN2 was rescued by helper @entity10391 K07 to produce @entity10390 phage antibody. The anti-platelet @entity10388 phage @entity10390 antibody was enriched and purified. The effect of the phage antibody on @entity1423 function was studied. RESULTS: Of 806 chronic @entity3039 @entity1 , 11 (1.36%) were positive for anti-platelet @entity10388 autoantibody and 2 (0.24%) @entity1 'plasma significantly inhibited the collagen induced @entity1423 . The length of VH and @entity10389 fragments was about 380 to 400 bp, and were successfully formed @entity10390 fragments of about 800 bp by DNA linker. After cloning @entity10390 to phagemid vector pHEN2 and transforming @entity10390 -pHEN2 to TG1, 4.1x10(7) clones were obtained. After @entity10391 K07 rescue, 2.62x10(10) cfu/ml @entity10390 phage antibodies were produced. The purified anti-platelet @entity10388 @entity10390 phage antibody inhibited the collagen induced @entity1423 . CONCLUSION: Anti-platelet @entity10388 @entity10390 phage antibody produced by phage antibody library technology can inhibit the aggregation function of platelet.

title: [Study of a humanized anti-platelet XXXX single chain Fv phage antibody].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity7507 :: ('p|SUB|G|4|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly4Ser']

answer: @entity10388 :: (51206,Gene) :: ['GP VI']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: A case of an unusual @entity2460 with features of high vascularity and resultant difficulty at resection is presented. The use of surgery, radiotherapy, and @entity23392 has been successful with no recurrence after 18 months. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 33-year-old male @entity1 presented with a 1-year history of @entity1018 on the left side and a 3-month history of @entity10 and lethargy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a lobulated mass (7.6 x 4.5 cm) in the left temporal fossa and left parasellar, sellar, and suprasellar regions, with a "dural tail" more typical of @entity1653 . Vascular supply was from both the internal carotid arteries and the @entity2500 , precluding embolization. INTERVENTION: At the time of the craniotomy, a highly vascular @entity5 was found. @entity548 limited resection to 20% of the @entity5 . The histological diagnosis was of a solitary @entity5 with an unusually angiomatoid architecture. After the operation, radiotherapy and @entity23392 were administered. A dramatic reduction in the size of the @entity5 was seen with no recurrence to date. CONCLUSION: The use of surgery, radiotherapy, and @entity23392 in treatment of a vascular @entity2460 has been successful and warrants further research.

title: A highly vascular XXXX treated with radiotherapy and @entity23392 : case report.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['left middle meningeal artery']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['intracranial solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: @entity647 ( @entity647 ) and its severe form, @entity649 ( @entity649 ), are major causes of @entity1576 with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although @entity24526 plays a critical role in pulmonary innate immunity and several clinical studies suggest that this protein may be implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity649 , little is known regarding the function of @entity24526 in @entity649 . In the present study, we induced indirect @entity651 by intraperitoneal injection of @entity558 and @entity651 by intratracheal injection of @entity558 in wild-type and @entity24526 (-/-) @entity19 to elucidate the role of @entity24526 during @entity647 / @entity649 . Results indicate that pulmonary levels of @entity777 and @entity637 were higher in @entity24526 (-/-) @entity19 when compared with wild-type @entity19 . However, the magnitude of this difference was 10-fold greater after indirect @entity651 compared with @entity651 . After indirect @entity651 , there was a 2-fold increase in the number of pulmonary monocyte/macrophages in the @entity24526 (-/-) @entity19 when compared with wild-type @entity19 , whereas pulmonary neutrophils were not increased. After indirect injury, the concentration of @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) was approximately 5-fold greater in @entity24526 (-/-) @entity19 than wild-type @entity19 . In contrast, after direct injury, the concentration of @entity2304 was 20-fold less in @entity24526 (-/-) @entity19 than wild-type @entity19 . Despite increased inflammatory cells and markers of @entity32 , survival in @entity24526 (-/-) @entity19 after indirect @entity651 was paradoxically increased. In conclusion, these results suggest that @entity24526 inhibits @entity55 and migration of peripheral monocyte/macrophages into the lung through @entity2304 -dependent pathways during indirect @entity651 .

title: Surfactant protein D deficiency XXXX during endotoxemia.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['direct lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['ALI', 'Acute lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['increases lung injury']


abstract: RATIONALE: A major problem in treating @entity28 is the high rate of relapse to abnormal food-taking behavior when maintaining diet. OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluates the reinstatement of extinguished palatable food-seeking behavior induced by cues previously associated with the palatable food, re-exposure to this food, or stress. The participation of the opioid and @entity935 mechanisms in the acquisition, extinction, and cue-induced reinstatement was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were first trained on a fixed-ratio-1 schedule of reinforcement to obtain @entity6353 -flavored pellets during 20 days, which was associated to a stimulus light. Operant behavior was then extinguished during 20 daily sessions. mRNA levels of opioid peptide precursors and @entity935 receptors were evaluated in the brain by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR techniques. RESULTS: A reinstatement of food-seeking behavior was only obtained after exposure to the food-associated cue. A down-regulation of prodynorphin mRNA was found in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens after the acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of the operant behavior. Extinction and reinstatement of this operant response enhanced proenkephalin mRNA in the dorsal striatum and/or the nucleus accumbens core. Down-regulation of @entity9767 expression was observed in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens after reinstatement. An up-regulation of @entity9768 mRNA expression was found in the hypothalamus after extinction and reinstatement. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a new operant model in @entity19 for the evaluation of food-taking behavior and reveals specific changes in the @entity935 and opioid system associated to the behavioral responses directed to obtain a natural reward.

title: New operant model of reinstatement of food-seeking behavior in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in horseshoe kidneys with @entity1608 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2005, we performed PCNL in 9 @entity1 with @entity8 . In 3 of them, there was a single calculus and the rest had multiple @entity1608 in the pelvis and at least 1 in the calyxes. Ultrasonography, plain abdominal radiography, and intravenous urography (IVU) were performed in all @entity1 . We used fluoroscopy for entering the system and then, pneumatic or ultrasonic lithotripsy was used. RESULTS: In all except 1 @entity1 (88.9%) we could access the system. Single @entity1608 in 3 @entity1 were removed. In 5 @entity1 with multiple @entity1608 , the calculus causing obstruction was removed, and in 3, the @entity1608 located in the calyxes were removed too. Consequently, 66.7% were stone-free at the end of the procedure. In 2 @entity1 , there were residual @entity1608 in the calyxes and they underwent candidates for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be used in @entity1 with @entity8 if the @entity1 selection is appropriate and the surgeon is experienced enough. The success rate and complications are the same as the @entity1 with normal anatomy. However, access to the lower calyx is more difficult due to its anatomic status.

title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy of kidney calculi in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['horseshoe kidney']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['horseshoe kidney']


abstract: @entity2396 represent 5 to 7 per cent of @entity5 of the mediastinum. Their origin is a defect in development of pericardic coelomic cavities. They are located in the right and cardio-phrenic corner in 70 per cent of cases. They are generally asymptomatic. They are best treated by a thin needle puncture under scanography. Surgery is needed only when the cyst wall is thick. We have treated surgically 2 cases of large cysts, because of their sizes (10 cm and 13 cm of diametres respectively), and, mostly, because of their calcification. Symptomatology was dominated by respiratory signs, such as @entity1353 . In one case, there were manifestations of inferior vena cava @entity2850 . Diagnosis was done by roentgenography of the thorax. The surgical procedure, using right thoracotomy, revealed a @entity6538 in both cases, with a tough wall, which was resected. In one case, the removal of adhesion to the inferior vena cava injured this vessel which was sutured after partial clamping. @entity548 was severe and 2.51 blood transfusion was necessary. The post operative course was uneventful. Clinical signs of @entity2850 disappeared in both cases.

title: Calcified XXXX --2 cases report.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['Pleuropericardic cysts']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression']

entities_list: @entity6538 :: ('MESH:D018333', 'Disease') :: ['calcified cyst']

answer: @entity2396 :: (MESH:D010493,Disease) :: ['pleuropericardic cysts']


abstract: Adipose tissue is an important organ that produces and secretes hormones and cytokines, including @entity1810 , PDGF-AA, and @entity6667 . The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of a single session of acute exercise, as well as the prolonged endurance training on the production of @entity1810 , PDGF-AA, and @entity6667 in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue in @entity35 . @entity35 were randomly divided into two groups: untrained (UT, n  =  30) and trained @entity35 (T, subjected to 6-week endurance training with increasing load, n  =  29). Both groups were subjected to an acute exercise session with the same work load. The @entity35 were killed before (UTpre, Tpre), immediately after (UT0h, T0h), or 3  h (UT3h, T3h) after exercise and adipose tissue samples collected. @entity2140 mRNA was evaluated using RT-PCR; the protein levels were measured before and after training (UTpre and Tpre) using the immunoenzymatic method. @entity1810 and PDGF-AA mRNA levels were decreased in the UT3 @entity5698 compared to the UTpre @entity35 (P  =  0.0001 and P  =  0.03, respectively), but the @entity6667 mRNA level remained unchanged in the UT0h and UT3 @entity5698 compared to UTpre @entity35 . @entity1810 , PDGF-AA and @entity6667 mRNA levels were decreased in the T3 @entity5698 compared to Tpre (P  =  0.0002, P  =  0.02, and P  =  0.03, respectively). @entity1810 , PDGF-AA and @entity6667 mRNA levels significantly increased in the Tpre @entity35 compared to UTpre (all P  =  0.0002). However, the protein levels remained constant. In conclusion, prolonged physical exercise increases @entity2140 mRNA in adipose tissue but not protein levels.

title: The influence of physical exercise on the generation of XXXX , PDGF-AA, and @entity6667 in adipose tissue.

entities_list: @entity2140 :: ('79215(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['growth factor', 'Growth factor']

answer: @entity1810 :: (59086(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TGF-b1']


abstract: In old age, the liver contains less @entity855 and @entity519 -responsive genes are upregulated. Age-related changes in hepatic perfusion and the liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) could contribute to this altered hepatic @entity26 -dependent metabolism by causing intrahepatocytic @entity519 . Furthermore, age-related changes in the LSEC ('pseudocapillarization') have been partially induced by @entity855 depletion. To investigate whether there is intracellular @entity519 in the old @entity35 liver, @entity12184 immunohistochemistry in intact livers and @entity855 levels in isolated LSECs were studied from young and old @entity35 . There were no age-related changes. To determine whether defenestration of the LSEC could impair @entity26 diffusion, @entity12184 immunohistochemistry was performed in @entity35 treated with @entity12185 . Despite defenestration, there was no change in @entity12184 staining. Immunohistochemistry was then performed to determine whether there are age-related changes in @entity6667 and @entity12186 . @entity6667 staining was not associated with age. However, there was an increase in perisinusoidal @entity12186 expression with increasing age. In conclusion, @entity409 does not occur in old age and LSEC pseudocapillarization does not constitute an @entity26 -diffusion barrier. There are no age-related changes in @entity6667 expression but an increase in perisinusoidal @entity12186 expression, which has implications for the effects of aging on the hepatic sinusoid.

title: The effect of old age on liver oxygenation and the hepatic expression of @entity6667 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity12184 :: ('MESH:C033815', 'Chemical') :: ['pimonidazole']

answer: @entity12186 :: (25589(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['VEGFR2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity64 is a life threatening disease with limited therapeutic options. Cell therapy has emerged as an experimental @entity64 treatment. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment is a key pathological manifestation of @entity385 , and barrier repair is an innovative target for neurorestoration in @entity64 . Here, we evaluated via electron microscopy the ability of transplanted @entity1 bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (hBMEPCs) to repair the BBB in adult @entity35 subjected to transient @entity2500 (tMCAO).   -galactosidase pre-labeled hBMEPCs were intravenously transplanted 48 hours post-tMCAO. Ultrastructural analysis of microvessels in non-transplant @entity64 @entity35 revealed typical BBB pathology. At 5 days post-transplantation with hBMEPCs, @entity64 @entity35 displayed widespread vascular repair in bilateral striatum and motor cortex, characterized by robust cell engraftment within capillaries. hBMEPC transplanted @entity64 @entity35 exhibited near normal morphology of endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes, without detectable perivascular @entity4 . Near normal morphology of mitochondria was also detected in endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes from transplanted @entity64 @entity35 . Equally notable, we observed numerous pinocytic vesicles within engrafted cells. Robust engraftment and intricate functionality of transplanted hBMEPCs likely abrogated @entity64 -altered vasculature. Preserving mitochondria and augmenting pinocytosis in cell-based therapeutics represent a new neurorestorative mechanism in BBB repair for @entity64 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Intravenously Transplanted XXXX Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells Engraft Within Brain Capillaries, Preserve Mitochondrial Morphology, and Display Pinocytotic Activity Towards BBB Repair in @entity385 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']