abstract: OBJECTIVE: Uric acid (UA) levels are frequently increased in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and may be an indicator of a poor prognosis and an innovative target for treatment. We evaluated the effect of UA and @entity208 use on clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity712 at a Health Maintenance Organization (n  = 6204). @entity1 were followed for @entity299 and @entity204 . Mean UA levels were 6.5    1.9 mg/dL. Median follow-up was 498 days. We divided @entity1 into quartiles of serum UA; 22.6% (n  = 1,568) were in the highest UA level quartile (>7.7 mg/dL). Cox regression analysis after adjustment for significant predictors including age, sex, @entity63 @entity299 , @entity101 , @entity955 , body mass index, hemoglobin, @entity1372 , estimated glomerular filtration rate, @entity1133 levels, standard @entity712 drug therapies, and @entity208 demonstrated that high UA levels (>7.7 mg/dL) were a predictor of increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.60; P < .0001) and increased cardiac hospitalizations (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.22; P < .05). An increase in UA levels during follow-up was also an independent predictor of mortality (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.25-1.71; P < .00001) and cardiac hospitalizations (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.23; P < .00001). Treatment with @entity208 was independently associated with improved survival (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98; P < .05). Echocardiographic data demonstrated a significant correlation between UA levels and E/A ratio, a marker of @entity67 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased UA levels and an increase in UA during follow-up were independent predictors of increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment with @entity208 was associated with improved survival.

title: Changes in uric acid levels and XXXX use in chronic @entity712 : association with improved survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac-related hospitalizations', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: The integration of @entity1082 ) DNA into the @entity1 genome has been generally accepted as a characteristic of @entity5 . To gain a better understanding of this phenomenon, genomic DNA from 181 cervical biopsy specimens was isolated and analyzed for HPV type and physical state of the HPV genome. These specimens represented the full spectrum of cervical disease, from @entity189 . Discrimination between integrated and episomal HPV DNA was accomplished by the detection of HPV- @entity1 DNA junction fragments on Southern blots. In most cases in which ambiguous Southern blot results were obtained, the specimens were reanalyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Of the 100 biopsy specimens of cervical @entity5436 analyzed, only 3 showed integrated HPV DNA, in contrast to 56 (81%) of 69 cervical @entity189 (P less than 0.001) showing integrated HPV DNA. Of the 40 @entity189 containing @entity1799 DNA, 29 (72%) had integrated HPV DNA, of which 8 (20%) also had episomal HPV DNA. In 11 (27%) @entity5 , only episomal @entity1799 DNA was detected. All 23 HPV 18-containing @entity189 had integrated HPV DNA, and 1 also had episomal HPV 18 DNA. The difference between HPV types 16 and 18 with respect to frequency of integration was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The results of this study indicate that detectable integration of HPV DNA, regardless of type, occurs infrequently in cervical @entity5436 . The absence of @entity1799 DNA integration in some @entity189 implies that integration is not always required for malignant progression. In contrast, the consistent integration of HPV 18 DNA in all @entity5 examined may be related to its greater transforming efficiency in vitro and its reported clinical association with more @entity5 .

title: Analysis of the physical state of different XXXX DNAs in intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasm.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'aggressive cervical cancers', 'cancers', 'cervical cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'condyloma to invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: The generation of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) by @entity5 is an important pathway for neoplastic cell invasion and @entity3 . Indeed in several @entity5 types, elevated levels of @entity2290 , its receptor ( @entity10431 ) or its inhibitor @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) is associated with a poorer prognosis. Since endothelial cells also use this proteolytic system to remodel the extracellular matrix during angiogenesis and since angiogenesis, as assessed by microvessel density, is also a predictor of @entity1 survival, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between angiogenesis and the urokinase system in @entity0 . The aims were to assess whether the @entity2290 , @entity10431 and/or @entity2289 correlates with angiogenic activity and could therefore be a useful objective clinical measure of @entity5 neovascularization; and to clarify whether the poor outcome associated with high levels of the urokinase system is due to its association with angiogenesis. The study also sought to examine the relationship between the @entity2290 system and vessel remodelling using loss of a basement membrane epitope (LH39) normally associated with established capillaries. The cytosolic levels of @entity2290 , @entity2289 and @entity10431 were therefore measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay, together with @entity5 vascularity, in 136 well-characterized invasive @entity0 . There were significant relationships between @entity2290 and @entity10431 (Spearman r=0.37, p<0.0001), @entity2290 and @entity2289 (Spearman r=0.19, p=0.03) and between @entity10431 and @entity2289 (Spearman r=0.23 p=0.01). A significant correlation was also observed between @entity2289 and vessel remodelling (Spearman r=0.34, p=0.04), @entity1 age (p=0.01), nodal status (p=0.047) and @entity5 grade (p=0.04), but no association between @entity5 vascularity and PAI (p=0.96), @entity2290 (p=0.69) or @entity10431 (p=0.81) was present. No significant association was seen between any of the urokinase variables and expression of the angiogenic factor thymidine phosphorylase. Furthermore, no significant associations were found between any of the studied parameters and overall survival in a univariate analysis of the @entity5 @entity1 . A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model of overall survival showed that @entity2290 (p=0.15), but not @entity10431 (p=0.52) or @entity2289 (p=0.61), gave no additional prognostic information. These findings show that @entity2290 may work via an independent pathway to angiogenesis and therefore combined blockade of @entity2290 and angiogenesis may have additional therapeutic benefits. It also shows, as recently demonstrated in animal models, that @entity2289 may be a key regulator of vascular remodelling in @entity1 @entity5 .

title: @entity2289 as a measure of vascular remodelling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This review discusses the concept that the turnover and replacement of endothelial cells is a major mechanism in the maintenance of vascular integrity within the kidney. CD133+ @entity2280 + @entity319 + endothelial cell progenitor cells emigrate from the bone marrow and differentiate into @entity2280 + @entity319 + expressing cells, which are present in high numbers within the circulation. These progenitor cells are available for recruitment into normal or inflamed tissues to facilitate endothelial cell repair. In several forms of @entity8 , proinflammatory insults mediate oxidative stress, senescence, and sloughing of endothelial cells. A lack of growth factors or an inefficient recruitment of endothelial cell progenitors results in @entity519 tissue injury and accelerates the process of @entity177 . Augmentation of vascular repair by the provision of growth factors such as @entity7 or by the transfer of progenitor cells directly into the kidney can be protective and prevent ongoing @entity16 . In allografts, persistent injury results in excessive turnover of graft vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, chronic damage elicits a response that is associated with the recruitment of both leukocytes and endothelial cell progenitors, facilitating an overlapping process of @entity32 and angiogenesis. Because the angiogenesis reaction itself is proinflammatory, this process becomes self-sustaining. Collectively, these data indicate that angiogenesis and endothelial cell turnover are important in renal inflammatory processes and allograft rejection. Manipulation of the response may have therapeutic implications to protect against @entity102 processes.

title: Angiogenesis and endothelial cell repair in XXXX and allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['injury and chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: Three @entity1 with @entity174 at or near the pubic symphysis presented with groin @entity158 simulating @entity173 or @entity625 . A 71-year-old osteoarthritic @entity1 was treated with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) and exercises for right-sided @entity158 after a minor fall, but developed left groin @entity158 and tenderness over the pubic symphysis after two days of exercise. She had an impacted @entity174 of the left pubic symphysis which responded to use of a cane. The second @entity1 was a 90-year-old @entity1 with @entity309 (on @entity230 ) who complained of right @entity158 after a series of falls in her home. Initially treated with Buck traction for a presumed @entity173 , she was later treated with heat and exercises after negative hip x-rays were obtained. Retrospective analysis of pelvic films and bone scan revealed a right pubic symphysis @entity174 . The third @entity1 was an 83-year-old @entity309 arthritic @entity1 with inability to walk secondary to left groin @entity158 . Pubic tomograms revealed disruption of the superior aspect, and bone scan showed increased uptake of the left pubic bone. She was treated with moist heat, rest, and NSAID. Twenty-four cases of os pubis @entity174 without @entity130 or symphysis disruption have been reported. All @entity1 had @entity170 , and six had @entity309 . Our three cases are presented to increase awareness of @entity174 as a cause for groin @entity158 , especially in @entity1 with @entity170 and @entity309 .

title: Groin and XXXX due to @entity174 at or near the pubic symphysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'pubic symphysis fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic pain', 'hip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major trauma']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['hip pain']


abstract: Unique association of hypothyrotropinemia with @entity3214 was described in 2 @entity1 of @entity851 . Both had a history of @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ), but showed an appropriate growth rate after infancy (5 cm/y). Growth hormone secretion after provocation tests was normal, whereas TSH response to @entity1218 was absent. With a highly sensitive TSH radioimmunoassay (RIA) and a specific RIA for @entity6754 -subunit, both responded to a high dose of @entity1218 stimulation. Serum thyroid hormones were within the normal range, while prolactin response to @entity1218 was exaggerated. Exogenous @entity1955 (T4) supplement in case 1 did not improve his growth rate, indicating absence of @entity1375 . Case 2 was treated with @entity27620 , which accelerated his growth velocity to 8 cm/y. During the treatment, serum T4 gradually decreased to 50% of the initial level, but blunted TSH response to @entity1218 remained unchanged. These results indicate that their thyrotrophs are resistant to @entity1218 stimulation and the pituitary setpoint of TSH release is unusually high. The exact mechanism involved in maintaining @entity3214 remains to be elucidated, but a common history of @entity1592 appears to play a role in producing this pituitary-thyroid state.

title: XXXX in @entity1 of @entity851 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity27620 :: ('MESH:D013197', 'Chemical') :: ['stanozolol']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroidism', 'euthyroidism despite hypothyrotropinemia']

answer: @entity3214 :: (MESH:D005067,Disease) :: ['Euthyroid hypothyrotropinemia']


abstract: The expression of the @entity1 @entity30247 ( @entity30247 ) has been widely reported in @entity1 @entity14 . Recently, a splice variant of the @entity30247 retaining intron 4 (CCK-2i4svR) has been cloned from @entity1 @entity14 and postulated to exhibit constitutive activity. But its role in mediating carcinogenic effects of mature-amidated @entity8243 in @entity14 has not been fully explored. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the activation of CCK-2i4svR by @entity8243 transactivates the @entity2247 promoter in @entity1 @entity694 cells and in COS-7 cells. In this study, @entity1 cells and COS-7 cells were transfected with the @entity1 @entity30247 wild type (CCK-2wtR) (COS-7WT, Colo320WT) and the @entity1 CCK-2i4svR (COS-7SV, Colo320SV) cDNA. After stimulation with @entity8243 -17 (G-17), transactivation of the @entity2247 promoter was determined by luciferase reporter gene assay. 5'deletions of the @entity2247 promoter were transfected into @entity1 cells to narrow down the minimally required regulatory element. Induction of @entity2247 expression was further explored at the mRNA level using real time RT-PCR. The effects of CCK-2i4svR activation on phosphorylation of @entity1366 , @entity3963 (MAPK) and JNK were examined by using immunoblotting. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) secretion was measured by ELISA. Our results showed that @entity8243 transactivates the @entity2247 promoter in both @entity1 cells and COS-7 cells expressing the CCK-2i4svR cDNA. Inhibition of @entity3963 (MAPK) pathway using specific inhibitor significantly blocked the @entity8243 -induced @entity2247 transactivation. @entity8243 time-dependently increased @entity2247 mRNA expression, the peak mRNA levels appeared at 10 h after stimulation. @entity1421 secretion from @entity8243 -treated cells increased significantly 8 h after stimulation. Treatment with @entity8243 also stimulated @entity1421 secretion in the @entity1 cells expressing CCK-2i4svR. In conclusion, the CCK-2i4svR mediates transactivation of the @entity2247 promoter and MAPK pathway is involved in this process.

title: The CCK-2/ @entity8243 splice variant receptor retaining intron 4 transactivates the XXXX promoter in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'Prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity30247 :: ('887', 'Gene') :: ['CCK-2R', 'cholecystokinin-2/gastrin receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity698 is the most common surgical problem in pregnancy, however the particular dangers of @entity698 in pregnancy lie in the varied presentation of symptoms and the higher chance of delayed diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with prenatal outcome in @entity697 during second and third trimester pregnancies. METHODS: This was a retrospective single-center study that presented a descriptive analysis of the results. A total of 102 pregnant @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity697 and operated upon in Peking University Third Hospital, China between January 1993 and December 2007 were presented. SPSS 12.0 for Windows was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-eight pregnant @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity697 (sixteen @entity1 had a @entity2466 , 62 @entity1 had a non- @entity2466 ) were operated upon during late pregnancy. The interval between symptom onset and surgery was the only predictive variable. A longer interval between symptom onset and surgery was associated with appendix perforation ((109.5 +/- 52.7) hours) than with no appendix perforation ((35.1 +/- 19.62) hours; P = 0.007). There was a significant difference in the rate of @entity3152 (5.1% vs 1.3%) and the rate of fetal mortality (25% vs 1.7%) between @entity1 with and without a @entity2466 . CONCLUSIONS: Delaying surgery correlates to more @entity1442 with an increased risk of perforation. This contributes to an increased risk of further complications, including @entity3152 or abortion, and to higher maternal complication rates. Prompt diagnosis may improve the prenatal outcome.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX during pregnancy and perinatal outcome in the late pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['premature labor', 'preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['Appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendix']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics are potent cerebral vasodilators. Although the predominant site of cerebrovascular resistance is attributed to intracerebral arterioles, no studies have compared the actions of volatile anesthetics on intraparenchymal microvessels. The authors compared the effects of @entity1508 and @entity5161 on intracerebral arteriolar responsiveness in hippocampal and neocortical microvessels using a brain slice preparation. METHOD: After Institutional Review Board approval, hippocampal or neocortical brain slices were prepared from anesthetized @entity35 and placed in a perfusion-recording chamber, superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Arteriolar diameters were monitored with videomicroscopy before, during, and after @entity1508 or @entity5161 were equilibrated in the perfusate. PGF2alpha preconstricted vessels before anesthetic administration. A blinded observer using a computerized videomicrometer analyzed diameter changes. RESULTS: Baseline microvessel diameter and the degree of preconstriction were not different between groups. In the hippocampus, the volatile agents produced similar, concentration-dependent dilation (expressed as percent of preconstricted control +/- SEM) of 68 +/- 6% and 79 +/- 9% (1 MAC) and 120 +/- 3% and 109 +/- 5% (2 MAC) (P < 0.05) during @entity1508 and @entity5161 , respectively. In the cerebral cortex, @entity5161 caused significantly less vasodilation than did similar MAC levels of @entity1508 (84 +/- 9% vs. 42 +/- 5% dilation at 1 MAC; 121 +/- 4% vs. 83 +/- 5% dilation at 2 MAC @entity1508 vs. @entity5161 , respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1508 and @entity5161 differentially produce dose-dependent dilation of intraparenchymal cerebral microvessels. These findings suggest that local effects of the volatile anesthetics on intracerebral microvessel diameter contribute significantly to alterations in cerebrovascular resistance and support previously described heterogeneous actions on cerebral blood flow produced by these agents.

title: Region-specific and agent-specific dilation of intracerebral microvessels by volatile anesthetics in XXXX brain slices.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['Halothane', 'halothane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate influencing factors of the metastatic lymph nodes ratio (MLR) and whether it is related to survival in @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical features of 121 @entity1 with @entity356 enrolled in our hospital between 2000 and 2007. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff of the MLR, and @entity2225 immunohistochemical staining was used to detect micrometastasis of the lymph nodes. RESULTS: The areas under the ROC curve of MLR used to predict the death of 3-year and 5-year postoperative @entity1 were 0.826 +/- 0.053 and 0.896 +/- 0.046. Thus MLR = 30.95% and MLR = 3.15% were designated as cutoffs. The MLR was then classified into three groups: @entity23519 ( @entity7986 .15%); @entity23520 (3.15% < or = MLR < or = 30.95%); and @entity7986 (MLR>30.95%). We found that @entity1 with a higher MLR demonstrated a much poorer survival period after radical operation than those @entity1 with a lower MLR (P = 0.000). The COX model showed that MLR was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.000). The MLR could also discriminate between subsets of @entity1 with different 5-year survival periods within the same N stage (P < 0.05). The MLR has been shown to be 34.7% (242/697) by HE staining and 43.5% (303/697) by CK staining (P = 0.001). The clinicopathological characteristics of lymph vessel invasion and the depth of invasion could significantly affect the MLR. CONCLUSION: MLR is an independent prognostic factor in @entity356 . The combined ROC curve with MLR is an effective strategy to produce a curve to predict the 3-year and 5-year survival rates.

title: Influencing factors and clinical significance of the metastatic lymph nodes ratio in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with DNA probe hybridization to determine the Gram reaction of the bacterium in intraocular specimens from @entity1 with @entity3225 . METHODS: Fifty-seven intraocular specimens - 17 @entity7462 ( @entity7462 ) and 40 @entity15811 ( @entity15811 ) - from 55 @entity1 with clinically diagnosed @entity3225 and 25 control intraocular specimens from non-infectious @entity2788 (10 @entity7462 and 15 @entity15811 ) were evaluated by microscopy, culture and PCR-DNA probe hybridization to detect the Gram reaction of the bacterium. RESULTS: PCR-DNA probe hybridization was specific and sensitive to detect 30 fg of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial DNA. None of the controls showed bacteria by microscopy, culture or PCR. Of the 57 intraocular specimens, conventional microbiological methods could detect a bacterial aetiology in 32 (56.1%), while PCR-DNA probe hybridization could detect 52 (91.2%) specimens. This difference was statistically significant (P= 0.003). In bacteriologically positive specimens, there was absolute correlation of the Gram reaction between the results of smear and culture methods and PCR-DNA probe hybridization. Of the 25 bacteriologically negative specimens, 20 (80%) were positive by PCR-DNA probe hybridization, of which seven (35%) were gram-positive, 12 (60%) gram-negative and one (5%) positive by both. Results of PCR on @entity7462 and @entity15811 were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: PCR and DNA probe hybridization to determine the Gram reaction of the bacterium in intraocular fluids is a specific and sensitive method in the diagnosis of @entity3225 . @entity7462 is an ideal specimen for PCR, since its collection is a simple and safe office procedure.

title: Use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA probe hybridization to determine the Gram reaction of the infecting bacterium in the intraocular fluids of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15811 :: ('MESH:D014823', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous fluid', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disorders']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['infectious endophthalmitis', 'bacterial endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['endophthalmitis']


abstract: @entity1582 was a post-mortem finding recorded from 24% of @entity1 with classical chronic @entity625 . In 80 to 100% of all cases, @entity2783 was present in heart, thyroid gland, kidneys, adrenal gland, pancreas, spleen, and gastro-intestinal canal. It was recordable, in 50 to 70% of all cases, from liver, aorta, lungs, and lymph nodes. Nerves, muscles, skin, and synovial membrane were less often affected (10 to 40% of all cases). No @entity2783 was recorded at all from the brain. @entity527 differed greatly in intensity by organs. The most massive deposits were found in the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and spleen. @entity527 were moderate in heart, pancreas, lungs, and liver. They were extremely low in lymph nodes, muscles, nerves, synovial membrane, and skin. The author assumes @entity527 to be associated with increase in arterial or venous concentrations of circulating amyloid precursors. Frequency and intensity of amyloid depositions in different organs may be linked to blood supply to the latter. The higher the minute volume of a given organ, the more strongly pronounced is the @entity2783 in it. In the context of amyloidogenesis, consideration should be given, as well, to locally delimited factors, such as organ motility.

title: [ XXXX in chronic @entity625 ].

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid depositions', 'amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic secondary amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['Secondary amyloidosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic relevance of apoptotic index (AI), considered alone or together with expression of several proteins controlling G1 check point ( @entity876 , @entity7465 , @entity996 and @entity994 ) in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Study group included 50 @entity1149 @entity1 who underwent curative pulmonary resection. Apoptosis was detected with the use of TUNEL technique and AI was defined as the number of apoptotic cells per 1,000 @entity5 cells. The expression of @entity876 , @entity7465 , @entity996 and p21WAF1/ @entity994 was assessed immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The mean and median AI calculated for all 50 @entity1 was 14 and 9, respectively. @entity1 with lower (<14) and higher (> or =14) AI constituted 35 (70%) and 15 (30%) of cases, respectively. AI was not correlated with @entity1 clinical characteristics, and expression of @entity876 , @entity996 and p21WAF1/ @entity994 . However, lower AI was correlated with over-expression of @entity7465 protein (P=0.04). Median survival for @entity1 with lower and higher AI was 43 months and 22 months, respectively, and 5-year survival probability-60 and 25%, respectively (P=0.03). In multivariate analysis, the only variable associated with shortened survival was AI (P=0.03, HR=2.9, 95% CI 1.95-3.86). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AI correlates with @entity7465 protein expression and influences survival in @entity1149 .

title: Clinical significance of apoptotic index in @entity1149 : correlation with XXXX , @entity7465 , @entity996 and p21WAF1/ @entity994 protein expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: @entity900 intraperitoneal (i.p.) chemotherapy is frequently performed for @entity1 with @entity298 . However, @entity900 penetrates only the surface of the peritoneal @entity5 and has serious side effects on renal cells. Thus, @entity900 i.p. chemotherapy had been limited to use for these @entity1 . @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) has been used for reducing the toxic effects of anticancer drugs because of its cytoprotective effects and has been reported to enhance tumoricidal activity of anticancer drugs. In our study, the effects of @entity5015 on the @entity35 @entity298 model treated with @entity900 i.p. chemotherapy were evaluated. @entity900 (5 mg/kg) was given in an i.p. administration to 70 @entity5 -free @entity35 . @entity5015 was administered to 35 @entity35 through the tail vein at an infusion rate of 0.1 microg/kg/min (1 ml/hr), and the remaining 35 @entity35 were injected with physiological saline. Forty @entity35 were given an i.p. injection of 1 x 10(7) AH100B cells. Ten days after injection, @entity900 (5 mg/kg) was administered with @entity5015 to 20 and the remaining 20 were injected with physiological saline. The accumulation of @entity902 in the tissues and apoptotic renal cells were analyzed. The maximum concentrations of @entity902 in the kidneys of @entity5015 untreated @entity35 ( @entity5 -free: 10.11 microg/g; @entity5 -bearing: 11.45 microg/g) did not differ from those of @entity902 in the kidneys of @entity5015 -treated @entity35 ( @entity5 -free: 10.28 microg/g; @entity5 -bearing: 13.28 microg/g). The number of apoptotic renal cells was significantly reduced by @entity5015 administration in both @entity5 -free and @entity5 -bearing @entity35 . Moreover, @entity5015 increased the maximum @entity902 concentration in @entity5 masses (5.31 microg/g) of the treated group compared with that in @entity5 mass of the control group (2.72 microg/g, p = 0.009). These results indicate that @entity5015 may increase the anticancer effect of @entity900 by increasing @entity5 @entity902 concentration and may reduce the chance of @entity900 -induced @entity177 . Intraperitoneal @entity900 chemotherapy combined with @entity5015 treatment may have a therapeutic benefit for @entity1 with @entity298 .

title: XXXX combined with @entity5015 chemotherapy in @entity35 @entity298 .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: @entity4483 a protein of astroglial cells is described as a marker for @entity528 . Reliable outcome prediction from severe @entity542 is still unresolved. Clinical scores like the Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS) and diagnostic scores like the Marshall CT Classification (MCTC) are well established and investigated, but there are still some concerns about these tools. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of the initial serum level of @entity4483 . 44 @entity1 with severe @entity542 (GCS < 9) were included. Blood samples were drawn within 1 to 6 hours of injury. After a period of 11 months their outcome was correlated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. @entity1 with good outcome had significantly lower serum concentrations of S-100 on admission (0.96 microgram/l versus 5.5 micrograms/l mean, p < 0.0001). In addition @entity1 with a S-100 serum level below 2 micrograms/l showed a significant better rating on the GOS at follow-up (4 points versus 1.8 points mean, p < 0.0001). With this cut-off line it was possible to predict longterm outcome with a sensitivity of 75% and specitivity of 82%. The serum level of @entity4483 calculated with one to six hours of a severe @entity542 is a useful additional outcome predictor.

title: S-100 serum levels and outcome after severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: OBJECT: Prior reports of @entity410 control following reoperation for failed @entity302 surgery have shown good results. These studies included @entity1 who presented during the era preceding magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the @entity1 were often not monitored intracranially or underwent subtotal hippocampal resections. In this study, the authors hypothesized that reoperation for recurrent @entity410 following a more comprehensive initial workup and surgery would not yield such good results. METHODS: The authors examined a consecutive series of @entity1 who underwent two operations at Yale-New Haven Hospital for medically intractable @entity302 and in whom there was a minimum of 1-year follow up after the second surgery. All @entity1 were evaluated and treated according to a standard protocol, including preoperative MR imaging, a low threshold for invasive monitoring, and a radical amygdalohippocampectomy when indicated. Twenty-seven @entity1 were identified (five with mesial @entity1463 , 20 with @entity66 , and two with multifocal sites of @entity410 onset) of whom six (22%) underwent intentionally palliative second surgery (corpus callostomy or placement of a vagus nerve stimulator [VNS]). Of the remaining 21 @entity1 , only four (19%) became @entity410 free after a second resective operation. The most common causes of treatment failure were dual pathology, @entity5 , limited resection to preserve function, @entity851 , and electrographic sampling error. Successful outcomes resulted from @entity5 , completion of a functional hemispherectomy, or repeated invasive monitoring to correct a sampling error. Five (83%) of the six intentionally palliative second operations resulted in more than a 50% decrease in @entity410 frequency. CONCLUSIONS: If an aggressive preoperative evaluation and surgical resection are performed, reoperation for recurrent @entity410 has a much lower likelihood of cure than previously reported. Intentionally palliative surgery such as placement of a VNS unit may be considered for @entity1 in whom the initial operation fails to decrease @entity410 frequency.

title: Strategies for reoperation after comprehensive XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['widespread developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neocortical disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of recurrent tumors', 'recurrent tumor']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity264 dehydrogenase isozymes @entity14215 and @entity4189 are highly expressed in @entity1149 . Neither the mechanisms nor the biologic significance for such over expression have been studied. METHODS: We have employed oligonucleotide microarrays to analyze changes in gene profiles in @entity2 cell line in which ALDH activity was reduced by up to 95% using lentiviral mediated expression of siRNA against both isozymes (Lenti 1+3). Stringent analysis methods were used to identify gene expression patterns that are specific to the knock down of ALDH activity and significantly different in comparison to wild type A549 cells ( @entity7097 ) or cells similarly transduced with green fluorescent protein (GFP) siRNA. RESULTS: We confirmed significant and specific down regulation of @entity14215 and @entity4189 in Lenti 1+3 cells and in comparison to 12 other ALDH genes detected. The results of the microarray analysis were validated by real time RT-PCR on RNA obtained from Lenti 1+3 or @entity7097 cells treated with ALDH activity inhibitors. Detailed functional analysis was performed on 101 genes that were significantly different (P < 0.001) and their expression changed by > or = 2 folds in the Lenti 1+3 group versus the control groups. There were 75 down regulated and 26 up regulated genes. Protein binding, organ development, signal transduction, transcription, lipid metabolism, and cell migration and adhesion were among the most affected pathways. CONCLUSION: These molecular effects of the ALDH knock-down are associated with in vitro functional changes in the proliferation and motility of these cells and demonstrate the significance of ALDH enzymes in cell homeostasis with a potentially significant impact on the treatment of @entity2 .

title: ALDH isozymes downregulation affects cell growth, cell motility and gene expression in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'A549 lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldehyde']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: This study was initiated to determine the chronic biological effects in Fisher 344 @entity35 of inhaled size-separated respirable fractions of fibrous glass (FG) having compositions representative of common building insulation wools. @entity35 were exposed using nose-only inhalation chambers, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 24 months to three concentrations (3, 16, and 30 mg/m3) of two different compositions of FG (designated MMVF 10 and MMVF 11), or to filtered air (negative control). Fibrous glass findings were compared to those from a concurrent inhalation study of chrysotile asbestos and @entity13832 ( @entity13832 ). The FGs used in this study were size selected to be largely respirable in the @entity35 and the aerosol generation technique did not alter the dimensions of the fibers. Interim euthanizations took place at 3- to 6-month intervals to monitor progression of pulmonary changes. Fibers were recovered from digested lung tissue for determination of changes in fiber number and morphology. In animals exposed to 30 mg/m3 of MMVF 10 or MMVF 11, 4.2 +/- 0.9 x 10(5) and 6.4 +/- 3.1 x 10(5) fibers/mg dry lung tissue, respectively, were recovered after 24 months of exposure. Exposure to chrysotile asbestos (10 mg/m3) and to a lesser extent @entity13832 (30 mg/m3) resulted in @entity3794 as well as mesothelioma and significant @entity2 . FG exposure was associated with a nonspecific inflammatory response (macrophage response) in the lungs that did not appear to progress after 6-12 months of exposure. These cellular changes are reversible and are similar to the effects observed after inhalation of an inert dust. No lung @entity82 was observed in the FG-exposed animals. Further, FG exposure resulted in no @entity2615 and no statistically significant @entity2 incidence when compared to that of the negative control group. These findings, along with previous inhalation studies, suggest that respirable fibrous glass does not represent a significant hazard for @entity358 in @entity1 .

title: Chronic inhalation toxicity of size-separated glass fibers in Fischer 344 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity13832 :: ('MESH:D000753', 'Disease') :: ['RCF', 'refractory ceramic fiber']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increase in lung tumor', 'increases in lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic or neoplastic lung disease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity803 -resistant (Tetr) mutants RAD1, RAD2, RAD6, and RAD7 were isolated from @entity3881 BC92 after protoplasting, @entity968 treatment, and regeneration on a medium containing @entity803 . The Tetr phenotype in RAD1, RAD2, and RAD6 was very stable with less than 5% loss of resistance after 30 generations of growth in the absence of selection. Of the four isolates, three contained amplified chromosomal DNA closely associated with the Tetr phenotype. The intensity of restriction fragments present in HindIII and EcoRI digests of chromosomal DNA from RAD1, RAD6, and RAD7 indicated the presence of tandemly duplicated DNA. Disparity in the size and number of amplified fragments suggested that the tandemly duplicated DNA is different in all three isolates. The sizes of the duplicated DNA present in RAD1, RAD6, and RAD7 were estimated to be 10, 19, and 20 kilobases, respectively. No amplified DNA was detected in RAD2. Results of transductional-mapping studies with PBS1 showed that the @entity803 resistance (tet) loci of RAD1, RAD2, and RAD6 all mapped near the origin of chromosomal replication and close to the guaA locus. Amplified DNA characteristic of RAD1 and RAD6 was cotransduced with the tet locus. Cotransfer of amplified DNA with the guaA locus or other nearby loci in the absence of tet was not observed. In every case, loss of Tetr was accompanied by loss of amplified DNA. A possible explanation for the occurrence of the amplified DNA is presented.

title: Chromosomal-DNA amplification in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline', 'Tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the efficacy and @entity137 of rituximab in the treatment of refractory @entity6558 . METHODS: Adult @entity1 with active @entity6558 as evidenced by persistent proximal @entity425 , elevated @entity908 kinase (CK) level, and features of active @entity5442 on electromyography who were refractory to corticosteroids and at least 2 other immunosuppressive agents were recruited. While immunosuppressive agents were continued, rituximab (375 mg/m2) was given by intravenous infusion weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. @entity1 were followed up 4-weekly for serial assessment of muscle power, serum muscle enzymes, physician's and @entity1 's global impression of disease activity, disability, and quality of life scores. RESULTS: Four @entity1 (3 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) were studied. The mean age was 53 +/- 11 years and the mean duration of @entity6558 was 4.8 +/- 3.3 years. All had persistently active @entity5442 for at least 2 years. At Week 28, significant improvement in the mean proximal muscle power scores and reduction in CK levels in comparison to baseline were observed. Two @entity1 had return of full muscle power with significant drop in CK level. There was a trend of improvement in disability scores and both the mental and physical components of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey scores. Rituximab was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Rituximab is an option to be considered in refractory @entity6558 , but further controlled trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy.

title: Rituximab for refractory XXXX : an open-label prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity6558 :: (MESH:D017285,Disease) :: ['polymyositis']


abstract: The potential roles of adrenergic and noradrenergic terminals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the regulation of blood @entity413 and free @entity1718 , the two major metabolic fuels, were examined. @entity2819 was also measured, both to assess the specificity of any effects for metabolic fuels, and because endogenous @entity2661 in this site have previously been implicated in @entity2819 regulation. In the first experiment adult male albino @entity35 having chronically implanted guide cannulae aimed at the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or the caudate nucleus received microinjections of the agonists @entity7202 (alpha 1), @entity1338 (alpha 2), and @entity3044 (beta) (0, 10, 30, 100 nmol/500 nl), and blood samples were taken from the tail tip. In the second experiment a different set of @entity35 received 30 nmol @entity1338 or vehicle subcutaneously instead of brain microinjections. Intracranial @entity1338 and @entity3044 produced marked and moderate @entity4854 , respectively; @entity7202 did not alter @entity413 . For neither @entity1338 nor @entity3044 was there any difference in @entity4854 as a function of microinjection site; also, subcutaneous @entity1338 injections produced the same peak @entity413 response as was found after both paraventricular and caudate nucleus microinjections of the same dose. Free @entity844 levels were increased by @entity1338 and @entity3044 , but slightly suppressed by @entity7202 ; the alpha agonist effects, but not the beta agonist effect, were greater after paraventricular microinjections than after caudate microinjections. @entity2819 was increased by both alpha agonists after paraventricular but not after caudate nucleus microinjections; beta agonist microinjections into the paraventricular and caudate nuclei produced equivalent @entity2819 elevations. These results suggest that most, if not all, of the @entity1602 effects of alpha and beta adrenergic agonist microinjection into the paraventricular nucleus can be ascribed to leakage of the material into the vasculature, with subsequent action at a distant site. In contrast, all 3 agonists seem capable of acting within the brain to alter free @entity844 levels. The effects on @entity2819 of both the alpha 1 and alpha 2 agonists, but not the beta agonist, also appear due, at least in part, to actions within the brain. Previous suggestions that @entity2922 terminals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus are directly and strongly involved in metabolic fuel regulation may require reconsideration.

title: Role of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in regulation of blood XXXX , free @entity1718 and @entity2819 .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Young adult macrosomic offspring of @entity3839 -induced mildly @entity1602 @entity35 exhibit accelerated growth through the first 10 wk of age. At 10 wk, oral @entity413 loading resulted in elevated plasma insulin and @entity413 concentrations compared to controls. To assess the mechanism of the abnormal @entity413 tolerance in vivo, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies were performed. Ten-wk-old @entity35 were fasted overnight, and porcine insulin was infused (2.4 mU.kg-1.min-1). @entity413 was infused concurrently at varying rates to maintain euglycemia for 40-60 min. Insulin levels were raised from a baseline value of 163 +/- 57 pmol/L (23 +/- 8 microU/mL) (SD) to 476 +/- 57 pmol/L (67 +/- 8 microU/mL) at steady state for males and from 178 +/- 43 pmol/L (25 +/- 6 microU/mL) to 454 +/- 43 pmol/L (64 +/- 6 microU/mL) for females. The results showed that the macrosomic male and female animals were significantly less sensitive to the effects of insulin than were their respective controls; this was evident by a lower increment in @entity413 disposal rate per unit increase in insulin (0.04 +/- 0.01 versus 0.11 +/- 0.03 for males and 0.05 +/- 0.03 versus 0.18 +/- 0.07 mg.kg-1 per microU/mL for females). The endogenous @entity413 production by the liver in the basal (fasted) state in the macrosomic group compared to controls was higher, suggesting possible hepatic insulin resistance. However, endogenous @entity413 production was suppressed to the same degree between the experimental and control groups during the hyperinsulinemic period, suggesting that the hepatic insulin resistance can be overcome by high insulin levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of insulin sensitivity in obese offspring of diabetic XXXX by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique.

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine the late survival of @entity1 operated successfully for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair, to compare survival data with that of the age- and sex-matched general population, to identify the causes of late death, and to determine the factors influencing late survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 187 consecutive @entity1 underwent elective surgical @entity1028 repair between January 1987 and December 1991. There were 11 postoperative deaths (early mortality rate 5.9%). The remaining 176 @entity1 formed the basis of this cohort-based retrospective study. Six @entity1 (3.4%) were lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up was 71 months. RESULTS: A total of 70 @entity1 (39.8%) died during the study period. @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and @entity5 were the two main causes. The survival rate at five years (71.6%) was lower than that of the sex- and age-matched general population (90.6%). Neither arterial @entity101 nor @entity453 had any influence on late survival. In contrast, age and @entity177 were predictive variables of late survival. CONCLUSIONS: The life expectancy of @entity1 who undergo successful @entity1028 repair is not as good as that of the age- and sex-matched general population. Late survival depends on the @entity1 ' age at the time of surgery and the existence of preoperative @entity177 .

title: Late survival after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: @entity2071 is one of the most important intercellular adhesion molecules involved in @entity731 . Previous studies reported increased circulating @entity2071 plasma levels in @entity2175 @entity1 with or without @entity455 . It has been suggested that an acute increase of plasma @entity413 may produce an oxidative stress in @entity1 , and in vitro studies have demonstrated that high @entity413 and free radicals induce cellular expression of @entity2071 . In this study, three different experiments were performed in nine @entity2175 @entity1 and in seven matched healthy controls: oral @entity413 tolerance test, antioxidant @entity2041 i.v. administration for two h, oral @entity413 tolerance test plus @entity2041 i.v. administration. Blood samples were drawn at -15 min and every 30 min from 0 to 180 min. During the oral @entity413 tolerance test, circulating @entity2071 plasma levels significantly increased in both @entity6 and normal subjects. @entity2041 administration during the oral @entity413 tolerance test abolished this phenomenon. @entity2041 administered alone significantly decreased circulating @entity2071 plasma levels in @entity6 @entity1 , while no effect was observed in the normal subjects. These data suggest that @entity4854 may induce an increase of circulating @entity2071 plasma levels through an oxidative stress, and that the antioxidant @entity2041 counterbalances this effect. These data support the hypothesis of a causal relationship linking @entity4854 , oxidative stress and @entity731 in @entity6 .

title: @entity4854 -induced circulating @entity2071 XXXX : the possible role of oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['increase in diabetes mellitus']


abstract: For evaluation of the state of excitability of motoneurons in the dorsal flexor of the foot in @entity1 with drug-induced @entity2003 curves of excitability of motoneurons in the anterior tibial muscle were plotted in 10 @entity1 not receiving psychotropic agents (controls) and 10 @entity1 treated with chlorpromazine. Two variants of experiment wase used: in the 1st variant stimulation of the peroneal nerve behind the fibular capitulum served as the conditioning and testing stimulus, in the 2nd variant stimulation of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa was the conditioning stimulus and stimulation of the peroneal nerve in the above way was the testing stimulus. The investigations were carried out before and 30-50 min after intramuscular injection of ethylbenzatropine 5 mg. In the 1st variant the curve of excitability of the motoneurons of the anterior tibial muscle showed the same configuration as the curve of excitability of motoneurons of the soleus muscle in the control group as well as in the treated group. Similarly as in the excitability curve of the soleus muscle five phases could be differentiated in it. Phase III of @entity308 was, however, deeper and phase IV of returning excitability was more evident. In variant II in @entity308 was observed lasting only 40 msec., then in place of return of excitability its decrease was observed. These results were similar to these obtained in the case of conditioning stimulation of afferent fibres of the anterior tibialis muscle, and testing stimulation of the afferent fibres of the soleus muscle. After ethylbenzatropine injection no changes were found in variant I, on the other hand, in variant II a rise of excitability was present in phase III in the control group and in phases III and IV in treated @entity1 . Ethylbenzatropine seemed, thus, to have no effect on the excitability of motoneurons in the dorsal flexor of the foot in the case of conditioning afferent stimulation of the dorsae flexor of the foot.

title: [Excitability curve of alpha motor neurons of the foot dorsal flexor in chemically induced XXXX prior to and following ethylbenzatropine administration].

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'phase III depression']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['parkinsonian rigidity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the relation between @entity729 detected by ultrafast computed tomographic scanning and histopathologic @entity453 . BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that discrete @entity729 as visualized by ultrafast computed tomographic scanning may facilitate the noninvasive detection or estimation, or both, of the in situ extent of @entity301 . Such quantitative relations have not been established. METHODS: Thirteen consecutive perfusion-fixed autopsy hearts (from eight male and five female @entity1 aged 17 to 83 years) were scanned by ultrafast computed tomographic scanning in contiguous 3-mm tomographic sections. The major epicardial arteries were dissected free, positioned longitudinally and scanned again in cross section. @entity729 in a coronary segment was defined as the presence of one or more voxels with a computed tomographic density > 130 Hounsfield units. Each epicardial artery was sectioned longitudinally, stained and measured with a planimeter for quantification of cross-sectional and @entity731 plaque areas at 3-mm intervals, corresponding to the computed tomographic scans. A total of 522 paired coronary computed tomographic and histologic sections were studied. RESULTS: Direct relations were found between ultrafast computed tomographic scanning coronary artery @entity460 burden and @entity731 plaque area and percent lumen area stenosis. However, the range for plaque area or percent lumen stenosis, or both, associated with a given @entity460 burden was broad. Three hundred thirty-one coronary segments showed no @entity730 by computed tomography. Although @entity731 was found in several corresponding pathologic specimens, > 97% of these noncalcified segments were associated with nonobstructive disease (< 75% area stenosis); if no @entity730 was determined in an entire coronary vessel, all corresponding @entity301 was found to be nonobstructive. To determine the relation between @entity729 and any @entity66 , computed tomographic @entity460 burden for each segment was paired with the histologic absence or presence of disease. Ultrafast computed tomographic scanning had a sensitivity and specificity of 59% and 90% and a negative and positive predictive value of 65% and 87%, respectively. A direct correlation was found (r = 0.99) between total @entity460 burden calculated from tomographic scans of the heart as a whole and scans of the arteries obtained in cross section. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of coronary @entity730 by ultrafast computed tomographic scanning is highly predictive of the presence of histopathologic @entity301 , but the use of this technique to define the extent of @entity301 may be limited. However, the absence of coronary @entity730 at any site is highly specific for the @entity3885 .

title: Noninvasive XXXX by ultrafast computed tomographic scanning: a quantitative pathologic comparison study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['absence of obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['arterial calcification', 'Coronary artery calcification', 'coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['definition of anatomic coronary artery disease']


abstract: Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) suppressed cell motility in vitro and has anti-metastatic effect in vivo on @entity320 . The current study investigated the effect of recombinant Erdr1 on the migration and invasion ability of SNU-216 cell, a @entity356 cell line. The expression of Erdr1 is inversely correlated with @entity8923 expression, which has a pro- @entity5 effect in @entity356 . Treatment with rErdr1 markedly suppressed the ability of SNU-216 cells to migrate and invade, indicating that recombinant Erdr1 inhibited the motility of @entity356 cells. @entity5962 expression levels were measured to determine the factor involved in the rErdr1-suppressed motility. @entity5962 is a representative of the cadherin family, known as cell motility enhancement adhesion molecule. Our results revealed that @entity5962 levels were increased by rErdr1 treatment, suggesting the involvement of @entity5962 in rErdr1-reduced cell migration. The cells were treated with specific MAPK inhibitors such as @entity4287 , @entity1441 or @entity4286 to identify the signaling mechanism involved with rErdr1 suppressed cell migration. The results indicated that the rErdr1 inhibited migration was primarily reversed by @entity4287 , a @entity4675 inhibitor. In addition, the level of @entity4675 phosphorylation was markedly increased by recombinant Erdr1. Taken together, these findings suggest that rErdr1 suppressed the ability of @entity356 cells to metastasis by up regulating @entity5962 through a @entity4675 pathway activation. Furthermore, it can be suggested that the inhibitory effect of recombinant Erdr1 on SNU-216 cell's metastatic potential was through cell motility suppression.

title: Recombinant Erdr1 suppresses the migration and invasion ability of human @entity356 cells, SNU-216, through the XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity4675 :: (5599,Gene) :: ['JNK']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine when fetal @entity5450 were detected by ultrasound screening during pregnancy and to discuss the possible consequences if only one early ultrasound examination is performed. DESIGN: A retrospective study of 47 cases where fetal urinary tract malformations were diagnosed in a two-stage screening program (17th and 32nd week of gestation) covering 22,310 @entity1 over ten years, 1982-91. SETTING: Ullev  l University Hospital in Oslo which serves as a referral center for @entity66 . RESULTS: Urinary tract anomalies were diagnosed in 0.18% of the pregnancies. Of these, 61.7% were found at the second routine ultrasound screening. The most difficult differential diagnoses were those of @entity3041 without megaureter and a @entity8 . @entity3041 was found in 51% and a @entity8 in 21% of the cases. The tentative prenatal diagnoses were confirmed postnatally in 83% of the cases. Six of the fetuses had anomalies regarded as incompatible with postnatal life. These pregnancies were terminated, and the diagnoses verified by autopsy. Two other @entity1 died perinatally, one of them as a result of the @entity5450 . CONCLUSION: If only one ultrasound scanning had been performed in the 17th week, approximately two-thirds of the cases would not have been detected. Early intervention and follow-up after delivery would only have been performed if the @entity1 had developed symptoms or complications related to the @entity5450 .

title: Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX . The value of two ultrasound examinations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic kidney']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric and neonatal diseases']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['Hydronephrosis', 'hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity5450 :: (MESH:D014570,Disease) :: ['urinary tract anomalies']


abstract: We have reported on the clinical courses of 4 cases of adult @entity5125 (Lm) infection, and the autopsy findings of 2 cases, those we have observed over the past 5 years. They were 2 cases of @entity693 , 1 case of @entity693 and @entity295 and 1 case of @entity295 . These 4 cases had @entity1860 , @entity5 , @entity1252 and post-renal transplant condition, as their underlying diseases, and all were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. One @entity693 @entity1 who recovered showed mild @entity409 during her clinical course. The other 3 @entity1 who died had @entity1087 at the time of onset and severe @entity409 . The 2 cases those were autopsied were the @entity295 cases. The one with an acute course and @entity1578 showed multiple miliary @entity39 foci in the liver, where the presence of Lm in the cells could be verified. The other autopsy case, which had received adequate antibiotic therapy and the @entity5124 had been cured, showed no @entity39 foci in the liver. The case that had @entity39 foci in the liver was the first such adult case in Japan. We have discussed the hepatic @entity5124 in adult compromised hosts, which conventionally has not been considered a serious problem.

title: [Four cases of adult XXXX infection in the last 5 years--hepatic @entity39 foci in the adult septic case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic angioendotheliosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['Lm infection']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of nonpenetrating filtering surgery in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1538 . METHODS: Pertinent studies were selected by extensive searches. A total of 17 randomized controlled trials were included in the present meta-analysis. The main outcome measures were risk differences (RDs) of complete success for @entity260 for tolerability. Pooled estimates were computed according to a random-effects model. RESULTS: Viscocanalostomy and deep sclerectomy were significantly less effective than tra- beculectomy, and pooled RDs of complete success were -0.16 (95% confidence interval, CI, -0.30 to -0.02) and -0.10 (-0.19 to 0.00). Deep sclerectomy plus @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) was also less effective than trabeculectomy plus @entity1139 , with pooled RD of complete success being -0.16 (95% CI -0.32 to -0.01). Viscocanalostomy and deep sclerectomy caused main complications in fewer @entity1 than trabeculectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Viscocanalostomy and deep sclerectomy were less effective than trabeculectomy in the treatment of @entity1538 , and deep sclerectomy plus @entity1139 was also less effective than trabeculectomy plus @entity1139 . However, viscocanalostomy and deep sclerectomy were associated with fewer complications than trabeculectomy.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of nonpenetrating filtering surgery in the treatment of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['efficacy and postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether clinical markers and preoperative @entity4341 - @entity4214 imaging are both useful in predicting @entity63 events after vascular surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. SETTING: University medical center. @entity1 : Two hundred fifty-four consecutive @entity1 referred to a nuclear cardiology laboratory before surgery. Forty-four @entity1 had surgery cancelled or postponed after clinical evaluation and @entity4341 - @entity4214 imaging. Surgery was not confirmed for ten. Two hundred @entity1 receiving prompt vascular surgery were the study group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 (15%) had early postoperative cardiac @entity63 events, with @entity204 in 6 (3%) and nonfatal @entity583 in 9 (4.5%). Logistic regression identified five clinical predictors (Q waves, history of @entity1540 , @entity6 , advanced age, angina) and two @entity4341 - @entity4214 predictors of postoperative events. Of @entity1 with none of the clinical variables (n = 64), only 2 (3.1%; 95% CI, 0% to 8%) had @entity63 events with no @entity204 . Ten of twenty (50%; 95% CI, 29% to 71%) @entity1 with three or more clinical markers had events. Eighteen of one hundred sixteen (15.5%; 95% CI, 7% to 21%) @entity1 with either 1 or 2 clinical predictors had events. Within this group, 2 of 62 (3.2%; 95% CI, 0% to 8%) @entity1 without @entity4214 redistribution had events compared with 16 events in 54 @entity1 (29.6%; 95% CI, 16% to 44%) with @entity4214 redistribution. The multivariate model using both clinical and @entity4214 variables showed significantly higher specificity at equivalent sensitivity levels than models using either clinical or @entity4214 variables alone. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative @entity4341 - @entity4214 imaging appears most useful to stratify vascular @entity1 determined to be at intermediate risk by clinical evaluation. For @entity1 with one or two clinical predictors, @entity4214 redistribution correlates with substantial change in probability of events. For nearly half the @entity1 , however, @entity4214 imaging may have been unnecessary because of very high or low cardiac risk predicted by clinical information alone.

title: Combining clinical and XXXX data optimizes preoperative assessment of cardiac risk before major vascular surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic activity']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['thallium']


abstract: A cerebral @entity17 developed in 3 @entity1 during adjuvant therapy with @entity1487 and @entity7305 for @entity694 . None of the @entity1 had evidence of @entity3 or prior @entity16 . The duration of chemotherapy before onset of neurological symptoms ranged from 15 to 19 weeks. The total dose of @entity1487 was 9.7 to 15.7 gm. The total dose of @entity7305 was 2.7 to 3.75 gm. Two @entity1 presented with a subacute (2-3 weeks) progressive @entity2055 . The third @entity1 had two unexplained episodes of @entity909 . In each, magnetic resonance imaging with @entity2287 demonstrated prominent multifocal enhancing @entity62 . Cerebral biopsy was performed stereotaxically in 2 @entity1 . The morphological features were those of active @entity17 . The myelin loss was associated with numerous dispersed as well as vasocentric macrophages, sparing of axons, and @entity32 . Electron microscopy confirmed the light microscopic findings. All 3 @entity1 improved after cessation of chemotherapy and a short course of corticosteroid therapy. Our @entity1 represent the first reported examples of an inflammatory @entity62 associated with the administration of @entity1487 and @entity7305 . This syndrome may represent the pathological basis for @entity1487 @entity2359 , although we cannot completely exclude the role of @entity7305 .

title: Multifocal inflammatory @entity62 with XXXX and @entity7305 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['perivascular lymphocytic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['decline in mental status and ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The elimination of circulating anti-porcine preformed antibodies is crucial for avoiding @entity455 ( @entity455 ) of primarily vascularized xenograft in discordant @entity1707 to @entity3474 model. Previously described methods used for eliminating natural antibodies, however, constantly removed both anti-porcine IgM and IgG antibodies, as well as often complement proteins. To study specifically the role of preformed anti-porcine IgM antibodies, a specific anti-IgM monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been designed and evaluated in vivo. METHODS: Iterative injections of anti-IgM mAb (LO-BM2) at high dose (20 mg/kg) depleted to undetectable level the circulating IgM and therefore anti-porcine IgM antibodies but did not change the concentration of anti-pig IgG antibodies. The serum concentration of IgM and IgG antibodies was assessed by ELISA and the level of anti-pig natural IgM and IgG antibodies by flow cytometry (FC). Anti-rat sensitization was assessed by specific ELISA as well as the serum concentration of LO-BM2. RESULTS: Iterative injections of LO-BM2 allowed to specifically eliminate the anti-porcine IgM antibodies to undetectable levels at ELISA. Despite a normal serum level of anti-porcine IgG and complement proteins, @entity455 was avoided. Without immunosuppression, the specific elimination of preformed anti-porcine IgM prolonged the survival of a renal xenograft in @entity3474 up to 6 days, whereas without IgM antibody elimination, the renal xenografts were hyperacutely rejected within hours. The lost of activity of LO-BM2 after 10 days was concomitant to an IgM and IgG antibody rebound, which caused an acute vascular rejection of the xenograft. CONCLUSION: Specific elimination of natural anti-porcine IgM antibodies allows to avoid @entity455 of a @entity1707 to @entity3474 renal xenograft, whereas anti-porcine IgG antibodies and complement proteins were present in the serum. This result confirms previous in vitro reports and demonstrates for the first time in vivo that preformed IgM antibodies alone are responsible for @entity455 , while preformed anti-porcine IgG antibodies are unable alone to cause @entity455 . Anti-IgM therapy appears as an important tool to transiently but completely eliminates xeno-IgM antibodies in vivo.

title: Specific depletion of preformed IgM natural antibodies by administration of anti-mu monoclonal antibody suppresses hyperacute rejection of XXXX to @entity3474 renal xenografts.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['HAVR', 'hyperacute vascular rejection']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Here we provide evidence to show that the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor is tethered to endogenous G-protein-coupled receptor(s) in @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells. The tethered receptor complex provides a platform on which receptor @entity669 kinase and G-protein-coupled receptor signals can be integrated to produce more efficient stimulation of the @entity3903 / @entity30775 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. This was based on several lines of evidence. First, we have shown that pertussis toxin (which uncouples G-protein-coupled receptors from inhibitory G-proteins) reduced the platelet-derived growth factor stimulation of @entity3903 / @entity30775 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Second, transfection of cells with inhibitory G-protein alpha subunit increased the activation of @entity3903 / @entity30775 mitogen-activated protein kinase by platelet-derived growth factor. Third, platelet-derived growth factor stimulated the @entity669 phosphorylation of the inhibitory G-protein alpha subunit, which was blocked by the platelet-derived growth factor kinase inhibitor, @entity37312 . We have also shown that the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor forms a tethered complex with @entity517 -tagged endothelial differentiation gene 1 (a G-protein-coupled receptor whose agonist is @entity5595 ) in cells co-transfected with these receptors. This facilitates platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated @entity669 phosphorylation of the inhibitory G-protein alpha subunit and increases @entity3903 / @entity30775 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. In addition, we found that @entity437 and beta-arrestin I can associate with the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor. These proteins play an important role in regulating endocytosis of G-protein-coupled receptor signal complexes, which is required for activation of @entity3903 / @entity30775 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Thus, platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor signaling may be initiated by @entity437 /beta-arrestin I that has been recruited to the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor by its tethering to a G-protein-coupled receptor(s). These results provide a model that may account for the co-mitogenic effect of certain G-protein-coupled receptor agonists with platelet-derived growth factor on DNA synthesis.

title: Tethering of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor to G-protein-coupled receptors. A novel platform for integrative signaling by these receptor classes in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity437 :: ('156', 'Gene') :: ['G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine 1-phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: We evaluated the results of arthrodesis that had been performed for @entity4040 of the ankle and @entity2530 of the talus in nineteen @entity1 . Twelve @entity1 were @entity1 , and seven were @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 was thirty-four years (range, nineteen to fifty-eight years). The median interval between the injury and the index operation was twenty-one months (range, six to 408 months). The arthrodesis was performed at the level of the ankle only in three @entity1 and in both the ankle and the subtalar joint in sixteen. External fixation was used in thirteen @entity1 , internal fixation was used in four, and no fixation was used in two. Supplemental bone graft from the iliac crest was used in fourteen @entity1 , and local bone graft was used in five. The mean duration of follow-up was six years (range, two to fifteen years). The clinical result was excellent in seven @entity1 , good in six, fair in three, and poor in three. Union was achieved in sixteen ankles, but it was delayed in one of them. Complications occurred in four @entity1 : one had a @entity1642 , one had an infection at the site of a non-union, and two had @entity893 . Overall, the arthrodesis was successful in these @entity1 . The use of rigid fixation and bone-grafting had a rate of success approximating that reported for primary arthrodesis in @entity1 who do not have @entity2530 .

title: Arthrodesis for the treatment of XXXX of the ankle and @entity2530 of the talus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['tibial stress fracture']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment in plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis', 'avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity4040 :: (MESH:C537208,Disease) :: ['arthrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Current prognostic models in @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) have low precision, partly due to the restricted inclusion criteria of some cohorts used for modelling but also because of the prolonged natural course of the disease. It is hypothesized that better precision could be achieved with a staged model, using @entity843 or peripheral @entity4 as a new starting-point for prediction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was based on an established database of 289 consecutive @entity1 , followed between 1977 and 1998. Stepwise Cox regression was used to construct a staged model based on 143 @entity1 who first developed @entity843 (n=111) or peripheral @entity4 (n=32) at entry or during subsequent follow-up. The model was compared with published models using graphical methods and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). RESULTS: Mean time from clinical diagnosis of @entity843 or peripheral @entity4 to @entity204 was 3.1 years. The following variables had independent prognostic significance: log10( @entity648 ) (p<0.001), albumin (p<0.001), age (p<0.001) and history of @entity75 (p<0.001). Goodness of fit showed that the survival probabilities predicted by the Ascites Stage Model fitted well with the observed data. The Ascites Stage Model (ROC 0.8324 (SE 0.0348)) was a better predictor of survival than the Mayo long-term model (ROC 0.7833 (SE 0.0397)), the Mayo Repeated @entity1 Visits Model (ROC 0.7779 (SE 0.0399)) and the Royal Free @entity2835 Prognostic Model (ROC 0.7785 (SE 0.0396)). CONCLUSIONS: The Ascites Stage Model gives a better survival estimate for @entity2835 @entity1 once they have developed @entity843 or peripheral @entity4 compared with the current models, and demonstrates an advantage of staged models in diseases with a prolonged natural history.

title: Survival following the development of XXXX and/or peripheral @entity4 in @entity2835 : a staged prognostic model.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of chronic @entity39 @entity57 is hazardous and controversial. METHODS: Ten @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; mean age, 50 years) with chronic @entity39 @entity57 underwent pulmonary resection between 1989 and 2000. Single segmentectomy or lobectomy, pneumonectomy, or bilobectomy and multisegmentectomy were performed. Clinicopathologic features of these @entity1 were reviewed to clarify the role of surgical intervention for chronic @entity39 @entity57 . RESULTS: The mean time from the onset of clinical symptoms to operation was 5.3 years. Surgical intervention was undertaken because of prolonged illness in 4 @entity1 and hemoptysis in 6 @entity1 . All @entity1 survived. Three major complications (1 late @entity3509 , 2 @entity292 ) occurred in the large dead space in the right @entity1143 . All survivors were free of @entity2381 at a mean follow-up time of 4.8 years, and only 1 patient required antifungal drugs for relapse during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 pulmonary resection in chronic @entity39 @entity57 should be considered when @entity1 have prolonged illness or frequent hemoptysis. @entity3509 and @entity292 are the main complications. Concomitant thoracoplasty or intrathoracic transposition of the chest wall musculature is recommended in cases involving a large residual @entity1143 on the right side.

title: Surgical outcome of pulmonary resection in chronic XXXX @entity57 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema', 'Empyema']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistulas', 'bronchopleural fistula']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotizing']


abstract: While cardiovascular and mood benefits of dietary @entity9539 such as @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ) and @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) are manifest, direct neurophysiological evidence of their effects on cortical activity is still limited. Hence we chose to examine the effects of two proprietary fish oil products with different @entity8393 : @entity4601 ratios ( @entity8393 -rich, high @entity8393 : @entity4601 ; @entity4601 -rich) on mental processing speed and @entity227 . We proposed that nonlinear multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) would be sensitive to any alteration of the neural function induced by @entity4599 supplementation, because the higher order kernel responses directly measure the degree of recovery of the neural system as a function of time following stimulation. Twenty-two healthy @entity1 aged 18-34, with no known @entity16 and not currently taking any nutritional supplementation, were recruited. A double-blind, crossover design was utilized, including a 30-day washout period, between two 30-day supplementation periods of the @entity8393 -rich and @entity4601 -rich diets (with order of diet randomized). Psychophysical choice reaction times and multi-focal nonlinear visual evoked potential (VEP) testing were performed at baseline (No Diet), and after each supplementation period. Following the @entity8393 -rich supplementation, for stimulation at high luminance contrast, a significant reduction in the amplitude of the first slice of the second order VEP kernel response, previously related to activation in the magnocellular pathway, was observed. The correlations between the amplitude changes of short latency second and first order components were significantly different for the two supplementations. Significantly faster choice reaction times were observed psychophysically (compared with baseline performance) under the @entity8393 -rich (but not @entity4601 -rich) supplementation, while simple reaction times were not affected. The reduced nonlinearities observed under the @entity8393 -rich diet suggest a mechanism involving more efficient neural recovery of magnocellular-like visual responses following cortical activation.

title: @entity9539 modify XXXX cortical visual processing--a double-blind, crossover study.

entities_list: @entity4599 :: ('CHEBI:25681', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual evoked brain activity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological or psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To examine the ability of alpha 1-AR subtypes on proliferation and @entity141 -calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CCDPK, formerly called MAPK) activation in transfected @entity1 embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. METHODS: pREP8/ @entity13365 , pREP4/ @entity11113 , and pREP9/alpha 1D-AR were transfected, respectively, into HEK293 cells by @entity78 precipitation. The expression of alpha 1-AR was detected by radioligand binding assays. DNA synthesis was measured by @entity665 incorporation. CCDPK activity was determined by immunoprecipitation method and @entity2610 was used as substrate. RESULTS: Three clonal HEK293 cell lines stably expressing @entity10598 - or alpha 1B- or alpha 1D-AR were chosen and characterized by radioligand binding assay with receptor densities of about 0.6 nmol.g-1. Treatment with @entity1063 (NE) in the presence of @entity1169 for 24 h increased DNA synthesis in HEK293/ @entity10598 - or HEK293/ @entity11113 cells concentration-dependently, with EC50 values of 48.8 nmol.L-1 (95% confidence limits 9.7-246 nmol.L-1) and 8.4 nmol.L-1 (95% confidence limits 2.1-32.9 nmol.L-1), respectively. The increase of DNA synthesis induced by NE 10 mumol.L-1 was 201% +/- 28% and 269% +/- 44% of basal, and the activation of CCDPK was 171% +/- 84% and 292% +/- 92% of basal in HEK293/ @entity13365 and HEK293/ @entity11113 cells, respectively. Preincubation with @entity3159 completely abolished NE-induced CCDPK activation in HEK293/ @entity10598 - and @entity11113 cells. Those changes were not found in HEK293/alpha 1D-AR cells. CONCLUSION: The activation of @entity10598 - or @entity11113 but not alpha 1D-AR induces cell proliferation.

title: Cell proliferation and @entity141 -calmodulin dependent protein kinase activation mediated by XXXX - and alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor in HEK293 cells.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity10598 :: (773,Gene) :: ['alpha 1A']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular therapy in @entity9811 from @entity135 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 (mean age 56 years) with @entity9811 caused by @entity135 underwent a total of 13 emergency embolization procedures using gelatin sponge particles, steel and/or @entity902 coils, or a combination of these embolic materials. @entity854 , technical success rate, clinical success rate, recurrence rate, complications, hemostatic period, hospital days, survival days, and @entity1 outcome were all analyzed. RESULTS: @entity854 were identified during 85% of procedures (11/13). The technical success rate was 100% (13/13 procedures). The primary and secondary clinical success rates were 77% (10/13 procedures) and 67% (2/3 procedures), respectively. The overall clinical success rate was 92%, and the recurrence rate was 22% (2/9 procedures) in @entity1 whom we were able to observe during the 1-month period after embolization. No major complications occurred. Several @entity1 in whom gelatin sponge particles had been used complained of transient @entity158 after the procedure. The median hemostatic period was 71 days (range 0-518 days). Median hospital and survival days were 59 days (range 3-209 days) and 141 days (range 4-518 days), respectively. Three @entity1 survived and 7 @entity1 died during the observation period. Only 1 of these 7 @entity1 died from @entity548 . CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our findings suggest that endovascular therapy is an effective, safe, and repeatable treatment for @entity9811 caused by @entity135 .

title: Endovascular therapy for management of XXXX in @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['malignant head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity9811 :: ('MESH:D006472', 'Disease') :: ['oral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Angiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity9811 :: (MESH:D006472,Disease) :: ['oral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity338 , the relief of the @entity338 at the time of primary repair improves both the early and late results. Though homograft and heterograft valves and conduits have been used for this purpose, both are not easily available and are known for late failure. Monocusp and bicuspid semilunar valves made out of pericardium have their own problems. Hence, a technique of reconstructing an autologous competent 3-cusp valve from the native tissues was developed. METHODS: Two posterolateral semilunar cusps were fashioned from the anterior wall of the main pulmonary artery. The anterior cusp was made from autologous pericardium stitched to the autologous pericardial patch used to widen the right ventricular outflow tract. RESULTS: This method of reconstruction was used in two @entity1 aged 9 and 22 years, respectively. Visual assessment and passive testing after reconstruction revealed well functioning neopulmonary valves in both @entity1 . The second @entity1 , who had an unevenful hospital course, showed only mild @entity338 at 5 years postreconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: As 2 of the 3 cusps are fashioned from the pulmonary arterial wall as a pedicled graft, we believe that they will retain their viability and grow with the pulmonary artery. Simultaneous reduction in the size of the pulmonary arteries will relieve @entity2850 when present. The anterior pericardial cusp, even if it eventually shrivels up, is unlikely to produce serious hemodynamic derangements.

title: Pulmonary valve reconstruction in XXXX : a new technique.

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation', 'absent pulmonary valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial compression']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['absent pulmonary valve syndrome']