abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a fatal @entity528 . Most cases of @entity746 are sporadic (SALS), but about 5 to 10% of @entity746 cases are familial ( @entity7104 ). Recent studies have shown that mutations in @entity19957 are causal in approximately 4 to 5% of @entity7104 and some apparent SALS cases. The pathogenic mechanism of the mutant @entity19957 -mediated @entity746 and potential roles of @entity19957 in non- @entity19957 @entity746 remain to be investigated. METHODS: Immunostaining was performed on postmortem spinal cords from 78 @entity746 cases, including SALS (n = 52), @entity746 with @entity303 ( @entity746 / @entity303 , n = 10), and @entity7104 (n = 16). In addition, postmortem brains or spinal cords from 22 cases with or without @entity747 were also studied. In total, 100 cases were studied. RESULTS: @entity19957 -immunoreactive inclusions were observed in spinal anterior horn neurons in all SALS and @entity7104 cases, except for those with @entity1367 mutations. The @entity19957 -containing inclusions were also immunoreactive with antibodies to @entity529 , @entity10407 , and ubiquitin. A fraction of tested @entity19957 antibodies recognized @entity19957 inclusions, and specific antigen retrieval protocol appeared to be important for detection of the skein-like @entity19957 inclusions. INTERPRETATION: Although mutations in @entity19957 account for only a small fraction of @entity7104 and SALS, our data suggest that @entity19957 protein may be a common component of the cellular inclusions in non- @entity1367 @entity746 and some other neurodegenerative conditions, implying a shared pathogenic pathway underlying SALS, non- @entity1367 @entity7104 , @entity746 / @entity303 , and @entity74 . Our data also indicate that @entity1367 -linked @entity746 may have a pathogenic pathway distinct from SALS and other types of @entity7104 .

title: @entity19957 -immunoreactive inclusions are a common feature in sporadic and non- XXXX familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of motor neuron degeneration']

answer: @entity1367 :: (6647,Gene) :: ['SOD1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of @entity5 in recipients of a cardiothoracic transplant (CTT)--that is, heart, lung, or heart and lung recipients-is of concern. @entity1071 comprise the two major groups of @entity5 encountered. A small subgroup of @entity1 will develop potentially life-threatening @entity146 ( @entity146 ); these are poorly defined and documented in the literature. The authors report the results for 619 CTT recipients from a single institution. METHODS: Between 1984 and 1995, 619 recipients received a CTT. With a minimum follow-up of 2 years, 66 @entity1 (10.7%) were diagnosed with a major @entity5 , and 27 of these 66 @entity1 developed @entity146 . @entity146 were defined as having one or more of the following characteristics: local invasion and/or regional metastases at diagnosis, poor differentiation, and locoregional and/or systemic relapse following therapy. All malignant @entity320 were considered @entity146 . Data on @entity5 occurrence were documented in the clinical notes of the heart and lung transplant unit. A retrospective analysis was undertaken from these notes. RESULTS: @entity5 histology was predominantly poorly differentiated @entity957 (55%) (SCC) and @entity320 (30%) (MM). No @entity1 developed @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ). The median time from transplant to diagnosis of @entity146 was 52 months (range, 8-127 months). Thirteen of 27 @entity1 have died; 10 of them died of metastatic disease. The mean time to @entity204 was 20 months (range, 8-54 months). Of 14 @entity1 alive, 5 have disease. All but one of the 19 @entity1 diagnosed with nonmelanoma @entity146 received radiotherapy, either as part of initial treatment or on relapse. Eight @entity1 have subsequently suffered an infield relapse. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity146 in CTT recipients resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality. Poor results were obtained with standard surgery and radiotherapy. Treatment modalities for and the underlying pathobiology of @entity146 in organ transplant recipients require detailed research if improved outcomes are to be achieved.

title: Aggressive XXXX following cardiothoracic transplantation: the Australian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['KS', 'Kaposi sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous and lymphoproliferative malignancies']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['ACM', 'aggressive cutaneous malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cutaneous malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the expression of human @entity4107 on eutopic and ectopic endometrial cells modify the susceptibility to lysis mediated by lymphocytes. DESIGN: Evaluation of T lymphocyte cytotoxic activity and HLA class I expression on endometrial cells. SETTING: Subjects were recruited at laparoscopy. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity46 (n = 7). Healthy @entity1 as controls (n = 10). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Human leukocyte antigen class I molecule analysis of endometrial cells was carried out by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Phenotyping of T lymphocytes was performed to analyze T-cell subsets. @entity137 was performed to determine cytolytic activity against endometrial cells. RESULTS: In vitro culture of endometrial cells down-regulates the expression of HLA class I molecules and enhances the susceptibility to lysis mediated by natural killer (NK)-like T lymphocytes. Cytolytic T-cell clones, expressing the @entity9706 antigen, are inhibited by the HLA-B7 allele on endometrial cells. Ectopic endometrial cells modulate the expression of HLA class I molecules. CONCLUSIONS: The resistance to lysis of endometrial cells is related to expression of surface HLA class I molecules, which send a negative signal for lysis mediated by NK-like T lymphocytes. The HLA-B7 allele inhibits the cytotoxic activity, suggesting that the growth of ectopic endometrial cells might be under a genetic control.

title: Role of major histocompatibility complex class I expression and natural killer-like T cells in the genetic control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Contact @entity110 (CU) is the development of a wheal and flare on the skin after topical exposure to a particular chemical or compound. It can be diagnosed through a variety of techniques. Many chemicals that cause a type IV @entity566 can also cause CU. The incidence of CU to these chemicals is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the opinions of the American Contact @entity1909 Society members regarding CU and scratch testing. METHODS: We distributed an electronic survey to the American Contact @entity1909 Society members regarding observed prevalence of CU, frequency of scratch testing in clinical practice, and interest in learning about scratch testing in diagnosing CU and other skin contact conditions. RESULTS: We distributed 508 surveys and received 133 responses. Seventeen percent reported that CU was extremely rare, 32% reported that CU was rare, and 38.9% reported that CU was infrequent. Alternatively, 10.7% believed that CU was common, and 1.5% believed that CU was extremely common. A minority, 19.1%, performed scratch testing on @entity1 with suspected CU. Most respondents, 54.6%, were interested in learning about scratch testing. CONCLUSIONS: Additional education regarding scratch testing could increase comfort and use of scratch testing in clinical practice. Further studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence of CU in the general population and better guide the use of testing for dermatologic @entity1 .

title: Prevalence and interest in the practice of scratch testing for contact XXXX : a survey of the American contact dermatitis society members.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity1534 and risks for @entity281 in a multi-ethnic inner city population, and to assess the effectiveness with which the @entity281 can be eradicated in a relatively asymptomatic population of this type. DESIGN: Analysis of results from a small research-based community programme of screening and eradication. Tests were offered to matched groups of Asians and non-Asians from the general population. METHODS: Those who attended for screening had a serological screening test for @entity281 with @entity1534 . Data concerning possible risk factors for @entity281 were collected by means of questionnaires. Subjects testing positive were offered a prescription for eradication therapy ( @entity11450 and @entity4581 ) through their general practitioner, and success of eradication therapy was assessed by @entity1133 breath test. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of @entity281 in 155 subjects was found to be 51%. The difference between positive test rates in Asians (53%) and non-Asians (47%) was not significant (P=0.611). In Asians, age and social class were risk factors for @entity281 , but not gender or birth outside the UK. Results were similar in those born in India and East Africa. Of the 79 @entity1 who tested positive, 64 (81%) elected to take eradication therapy. Compliance with medication was estimated to be 95% and successful eradication was achieved in 92% of cases. CONCLUSION: Social class is more important than Asian ethnic origin as a predictor of @entity1534 status. Good rates of @entity1534 eradication can be achieved in subjects from the general population living in inner city communities.

title: Results of XXXX screening and eradication in a multi-ethnic community in central England.

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity11450 :: ('MESH:C073340', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine bismuth citrate']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abundant amounts of natural killer (NK) cells are present in the liver, most of which are endowed with direct cytotoxic and inflammatory cytokine production capacities. However, the control of compromised immunity in the liver may be accomplished by a population of regulatory NK cells possessing suppressive or tolerogenic functions. AIMS: To identify and characterize regulatory NK cells in @entity19 liver. METHODS: NK cells were isolated from the liver of C57BL/6 @entity19 by magnetic-activated cells sorting (MACS). NK cells were stimulated with different agents and those cells that produced @entity1618 were detected by flow cytometry and isolated by MACS. @entity1618 -producing NK cells were regarded as regulatory NK cells and the functional capacities of liver-derived regulatory NK cells were assessed in vitro. RESULTS: The frequencies of regulatory NK cells in the liver were 4.1 +/- 0.3% of hepatic NK cells and 0.45 +/- 0.02% of liver nonparenchymal cells. Regulatory NK cells produced abundant amounts of @entity1618 in culture. These cells also suppressed the proliferative capacities of T cells and B cells in vitro. However, another population of NK cells that did not produce @entity1618 (immunogenic NK cells) could not suppress lymphocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of regulatory NK cells in the liver and their immunosuppressive capacities endowed these cells with the critical function of maintaining homeostasis under normal conditions. Exaggerated or impaired functions of these cells may also contribute to different pathological processes.

title: Regulatory natural killer cells in XXXX liver and their immunosuppressive capacity.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concurrent @entity902 -based radiochemotherapy has been recommended as a standard of care in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 . Unfortunately, there is a lack of level one evidence on best treatment approach for advanced @entity5 . This report aims to summarize the results of our study on concurrent radiochemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 41 @entity1 with @entity5 was performed. All @entity1 were treated with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy and received 70 Gy in 35 fractions (2 Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week). In dependence of the period when radiotherapy was realized, two different treatment techniques were used. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of @entity900 30 mg/m2 given on a weekly basis. RESULTS: The median age was 52 years (range 29-70). @entity5 was recognized in 73.2% of the @entity1 . Complete response rates at the primary site and at the metastatic neck lymph nodes were 68.3% and 36.6%, respectively. A complete composite response was present in 27 @entity1 (65.9%). Median follow-up was 13 months (range 7-36). Distant metastases as initial failure occurred in 7 @entity1 (46.7%). The 2-year local relapse-free survival and regional relapse-free survival rates were 55.2% and 75.8%, respectively. The 2-year locoregional relapse-free survival rate was 51.3%. The 2-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 29.3% and 32.8%, respectively. Confluent @entity33 was developed in 46.3% of @entity1 . @entity1210 grade 1 was the most frequent hematological @entity137 . The median weight loss at the end of treatment was 12% (range 5-21). The worst grade of late @entity137 was most commonly pronounced in the skin and in the subcutaneous tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Based on unsatisfactory results in our study we suggest that the use of sequential radiochemotherapy or chemotherapy given concomitantly with altered fractionation radiotherapy with the implementation of intensity-modulated radiotherapy as radiotherapy technique could represent treatment approaches able to improve outcome in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 .

title: Concurrent radiochemotherapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III-IV hypopharyngeal cancer', 'hypopharyngeal cancer', 'Stage IV disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell head and neck carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['Leucopenia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of @entity146 and examine their association with functional limitations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: The Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS). @entity1 : A sample of adults aged 71 and older (N=856) drawn from @entity283 ( @entity283 ), a nationally representative cohort of U.S. adults aged 51 and older. MEASUREMENTS: The presence of @entity146 (delusions, @entity1833 , @entity2146 , @entity308 , apathy, elation, @entity148 , @entity4943 , @entity146 , and aberrant motor behaviors) was identified using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. A consensus panel in the ADAMS assigned a cognitive category (normal cognition; @entity73 ( @entity73 ); mild, moderate, or severe @entity303 ). Functional limitations, chronic medical conditions, and sociodemographic information were obtained from the @entity283 and ADAMS. RESULTS: Forty-three percent of individuals with @entity73 and 58% of those with @entity303 exhibited at least one neuropsychiatric symptom. @entity308 was the most common individual symptom in those with normal cognition (12%), @entity73 (30%), and mild @entity303 (25%), whereas apathy (42%) and @entity2146 (41%) were most common in those with severe @entity303 . Individuals with three or more symptoms and one or more clinically significant symptoms had significantly higher odds of having functional limitations. Those with clinically significant @entity308 had higher odds of activity of daily living limitations, and those with clinically significant @entity308 , @entity148 , or aberrant motor behaviors had significantly higher odds of instrumental activity of daily living limitations. CONCLUSION: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are highly prevalent in older adults with @entity73 and @entity303 . Of those with @entity73 , a greater number of @entity146 and some specific individual symptoms are strongly associated with functional limitations.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and their association with functional limitations in older adults in the United States: the aging, demographics, and memory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRS', 'Health and Retirement Study']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms', 'total neuropsychiatric symptoms', 'irritation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairment, no dementia', 'CIND']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['disinhibition']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']


abstract: The presence of an unusual cell type in two @entity1 @entity694 cell lines is reported. The cells show the same morphology as "tuft" (caveolated) cells present in normal gastrointestinal epithelium. Tuft cells were seen in cell line LIM 1863 growing in vitro and in @entity1 @entity694 cell line LIM 2210 growing as @entity5 xenografts in @entity19 . Characteristic morphologic features of tuft cells included a wide base, narrow apex and a tuft of long microvilli projecting from the apical surface. The microvilli are attached by a core of long microfilaments passing deep into the apical cytoplasm. Between the microvilli are parallel arrays of vesicles (caveoli) containing flocculent material. Two different but not mutually exclusive explanations for the presence of tuft cells are proposed. The first explanation is that tuft cells came from the resected @entity5 and have survived by mitotic division during subsequent passages. The second explanation suggests that tuft cells are the progeny of undifferentiated @entity5 cells. Descriptions of tuft cells in @entity694 are uncommon and possible reasons for this are presented. The morphology of tuft cells is consistent with that of a highly differentiated cell specialised for absorption, and these new models provide an opportunity to further investigate the structure and function of tuft cells.

title: Tuft (caveolated) cells in two @entity1 XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous solid tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: In order to study the @entity1423 of @entity14 we investigated the pedigrees of the @entity1 with @entity420 who underwent a surgical operation between november 1990 and october 1992 at the Istituto di Chirurgia Generale e Sperimentale Of Pisa University. For each proband, information was obtained on his/her four grandparents and all their second generation descendants. The final sample included 99 probands and 1455 relatives. Only two cases with diagnosis of @entity1412 were excluded. As a control group, we applied the same methodology to the spouses of probands, collecting in the end a sample of 72 families including 1163 individuals. The frequency of both @entity14 was higher in the relatives of cases than in the control group, for all the relationships. Among the first degree relatives, the empirical risk of @entity14 was 1/30 among the case families and 1/139 among the control families, for a 4.6 fold increase in risk. For @entity5 at all sites (colorectal excluded), the corresponding risk were 1/8 and 1/12. We computed the posterior probability of dying from @entity5 for a random individual, given the known affection status of one or more of his/her relatives of specified relationship. For an individual with one first degree relative affected by @entity14 the posterior risk of the same @entity5 was 1/15, compared to a value of 1/70 for the entire control population. Considering all @entity5 , colorectal excluded, we obtained the result that for a @entity1 with at least three affected relatives, one of first, one of second and one of third degree, the probability of dying from @entity14 was 6%. The distribution of the number of affected individuals for kindred was highly skewed, with a few families responsible of a large part of the observed @entity1423 . This was true for both the cases of @entity14 . However, no family fulfilled the criterion of @entity14 (Lynch syndromes I or II).

title: [ XXXX : investigation of genealogic trees of @entity1 surgically treated for colonic adenocarcinoma].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['familial aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and extracolonic cancer', 'hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer and for all-site cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the large bowel']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Familial neoplasms']


abstract: In @entity418 treatment, the choice of treatment modality and the indications and extent of lymph node dissection surgery are controversial. In terms of the biological characteristics, @entity418 is more virulent than any other @entity344 . The distribution of lymph node @entity3 is very wide, extending from the neck to abdominal regions, and the sizes of lymph node @entity3 are very small. Almost two-thirds of all metastatic lymph nodes showed minute @entity3 less than 5 mm in diameter. In @entity1 with superficial @entity5 with only submucosal invasion, lymph nodes @entity3 were found in both the upper mediastinal and paracardial areas in up to 27% cases. Furthermore, the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of lymph node @entity3 in @entity418 is still unsatisfactory. False negative rates in preoperative diagnosis of lymph node @entity3 are 14% in the neck area, 36% in the mediastinal area, and 34% in the abdominal area. Therefore, in order to cure @entity418 by surgery, wide, precise and complete removal of possible metastatic lymph nodes is essential. It is at this time that the quality assurance of surgery is indispensable in reducing morbidity and mortality, and in improving the @entity1 survival. Because both surgery and chemoradiotherapy are local treatments, we must recognize the limitation of these therapeutic modalities. To improve overall survival of @entity418 @entity1 , we have to make a more concentrated effort toward the systemic control of this disease.

title: [Controversies in XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report performance indicators and costs of the first round of a @entity5 screening programme based on the @entity1082 )-DNA test. METHODS: We implemented a demonstration study using HPV as the primary test in Guidonia, Italy (90,000 inhabitants). All @entity1 aged 25-64 were invited to undergo a Hybrid Capture II high-risk HPV test. Two cervical samplings, smear and liquid, were taken. The smear was dyed and interpreted only for HPV-positive (HPV+) @entity1 . @entity1 with a non-negative Pap smear were referred for colposcopy, @entity1 HPV+/cytology negative were referred to one-year follow-up with HPV. A cost-analysis indicated the price at which the HPV-based and cytological screening would cost the same per screened @entity1 and per lesion found. RESULTS: Of 24,000 @entity1 invited, 7639 accepted and 427 (5.6%) were HPV+; 141 (34%) of these had a non-negative Pap test, and 20 @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 2 or higher were found (positive predictive value 15%). Compliance to one-year follow-up was 58% (166/286); 90 (54%) were HPV-positive and five additional lesions were found (positive predictive value 9%; overall detection rate 3.4/1000). The cost analysis showed that at a price of 8.3 @entity7634 per HPV-DNA test, the strategy using HPV as primary test followed by cytological triage would cost the same per screened @entity1 , while at a price of 12.7 @entity7634 it would have the same cost per CIN2+ found. CONCLUSION: The workload for management of positive @entity1 was similar to cytological screening. Low compliance to one-year follow-up was the main barrier to effectiveness. The price of HPV test should be about 9 @entity7634 to maintain the same screening budget, and can go as high as 13 @entity7634 per lesion found.

title: Screening for @entity5 with the XXXX test in an area of central Italy with no previous active cytological screening programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Ninety-five percent of the neurons in the corpus striatum of the @entity35 are medium spiny projection neurons, which contain tachykinins such as substance P, neurokinin A, and @entity16423 and the opiate peptides, @entity10971 and dynorphin. The remaining 5% consist of interneurons, of which a small but significant proportion are cholinergic. The influence of these cholinergic interneurons on the neuropeptidergic projection systems in the striatum is poorly understood at this time. The present study explores the relationship between cholinergic receptor activation or muscarinic blockade on striatal neuropeptide gene expression. Adult male @entity35 were treated chronically either with a cholinergic agonist ( @entity2607 : 0.5 mg/kg/3 x day), a muscarinic antagonist ( @entity5591 @entity5828 : 0.4 mg/kg/3 x day), or vehicle (PBS: 0.1 ml/100 g) administered for 6 days (s.c.). In situ hybridization was performed with probes directed against mRNAs for beta-preprotachykinin (a transcript containing substance P, neurokinin A, and other @entity4756 ), @entity16423 and @entity18812 . @entity2607 administration resulted in a 12% decrease in the dorsolateral caudate-putamen and a 27% increase in the core of the nucleus accumbens in substance P/neurokinin A mRNA; and a 29% increase in the caudate-putamen and an 11% increase in the core of the nucleus accumbens in preproenkephalin mRNA levels. @entity5591 treatment resulted in a 28% and 48% decrease, respectively, in the caudate-putamen and in the shell of the nucleus accumbens in substance P/neurokinin A mRNA levels. @entity16423 mRNA levels were increased by 50% in the shell of the accumbens after @entity5591 . @entity18812 mRNA levels increased by 24% in the caudate-putamen and decreased by 20% in the core of the nucleus accumbens. From these results we tentatively conclude that cholinoceptive neuropeptidergic neurons are segregated along dorsoventral and mediolateral axes in the striatum, thus giving rise to non-homogenous responses upon cholinergic receptor activation or muscarinic blockade.

title: Cholinergic regulation of @entity4756 - and @entity10971 -gene expression in the XXXX striatum.

entities_list: @entity18812 :: ('MESH:C033660', 'Chemical') :: ['preproenkephalin', 'Preproenkephalin']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine', 'Physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['Scopolamine', 'scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinins']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Commercial @entity15173 (Sol i) venom was fractionated by gel filtration and high-performance cation exchange chromatography. Four proteins were isolated and purified to homogeneity. The four proteins were tested with a panel of sera from @entity1 allergic to fire ant venom; all proteins had significant allergenic activity. These proteins corresponded to four of the bands we previously reported to be allergenic by immunoblot analysis. Sol i I has an apparent molecular weight of 37,000 daltons and yields bands of 18,000, 16,500 and 14,000 daltons in @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis; cation-exchange chromatography indicates that there are three charge forms. Sol i II has a native molecular weight of 28,000 daltons and appears to be easily cleaved into half molecules; it is a phospholipase structurally unlike either @entity5157 or wasp phopholipases. Sol i III has a native and denatured molecular weight of 26,000 daltons. Sol i IV has an apparent native molecular weight of 20,000 daltons and gives a single chain of 15,000 daltons in @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Sol i II and III are the major proteins in the venom; there are only small amounts of Sol i I and IV. All are significant allergens, and @entity1 are found who react most strongly with each. Regression analysis of RAST data with highly purified allergens indicated that the IgE responses to the allergens were not related to each other. @entity535 compositions indicated that the four allergens were distinct and that the allergens were structurally different from each other. Four proteins identical to Sol i I to IV were isolated from hand-milked pure venom.

title: Allergens in Hymenoptera venom. XX. Isolation of four allergens from imported fire ant ( XXXX ) venom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity15173 :: ('13686', 'Species') :: ['Solenopsis invicta']

answer: @entity15173 :: (13686,Species) :: ['Solenopsis invicta']


abstract: To establish the role of @entity5779 in protection against @entity796 -induced @entity2687 , corneas of adult 8-week-old (resistant) and aged 12-month-old (susceptible) @entity19 were infected with the bacterium. Corneas were analyzed for @entity5779 protein by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Basement membrane (BM) integrity was assessed by immunostaining for type IV collagen. Additionally, resistant 8-week-old @entity19 were treated systemically with neutralizing @entity5779 polyclonal antibody (pAb) or pre-immune normal rabbit serum (NRS). Ocular and BM integrity as well as @entity1235 expression were examined in these @entity19 . A greater amount of @entity5779 protein was observed in the @entity267 of 8-week-old @entity19 . In the @entity267 , the strongest staining was found in the superficial epithelium, but positive staining also was seen in the basal epithelium and stroma. When type IV collagen was analyzed in the BM of both age groups of @entity19 , a distinct staining pattern was observed in only the young adult @entity19 . Treatment of 8-week-old resistant @entity19 with neutralizing @entity5779 pAb vs NRS increased the amount of @entity1235 in the @entity267 of @entity5779 pAb-treated @entity19 and affected the ability of these @entity19 to deposit BM components. These studies suggest that adequate expression of @entity5779 protects against BM and stromal degradation via multiple processes.

title: XXXX role in protection against @entity796 -induced @entity2687 .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal destruction']

answer: @entity5779 :: (21857(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TIMP-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Amlexanox has been developed as a 5 percent topical oral paste for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity7808 ( @entity7808 ) in most European countries. However, it is not yet available in China and has not been generally accepted in clinical treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of amlexanox oral adhesive pellicles in the treatment of minor recurrent @entity7809 , and compare the results with those of amlexanox oral adhesive tablets in order to analyse the difference between the two dosage forms of amlexanox. METHODS: We performed a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel, multicenter clinical study. A total of 216 @entity1 with minor recurrent @entity7809 (MiRAU) were recruited and randomized to amlexanox pellicles or placebo pellicles. Pellicles were consecutively applied four times per day, for five days. The size and @entity158 level of @entity1066 were measured and recorded on treatment days 0, 4 and 6. Finally, the results were compared with those of our previous 104 cases treated with @entity11905 tablets. RESULTS: Amlexanox oral adhesive pellicles significantly reduced @entity1066 size (P= 0.017 for day 4, P=0.038 for day 6) and alleviated @entity158 (P=0.021 for day 4, P=0.036 for day 6). No significant difference was observed in the treatment effectiveness between the pellicle and tablet form of amlexanox. CONCLUSIONS: Amlexanox oral adhesive pellicles are as effective and safe as amlexanox oral adhesive tablets in the treatment of MiRAU for this Chinese cohort. However, pellicles seem to be more comfortable to use when compared with the dosage form of tablets. Therefore, in clinical practice, amlexanox oral adhesive pellicles may be a better choice for @entity7808 @entity1 . TRIALS REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register NTR1727.

title: A clinical evaluation of amlexanox oral adhesive pellicles in the treatment of XXXX and comparison with amlexanox oral tablets: a randomized, placebo controlled, blinded, multicenter clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity7808 :: ('MESH:C538145', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent aphthous stomatitis', 'RAS']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity11905 :: ('MESH:C045742', 'Chemical') :: ['amlexanox']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'ulcer pain']

answer: @entity7808 :: (MESH:C538145,Disease) :: ['recurrent aphthous stomatitis']


abstract: Although several classic anatomic studies describing the number, location, size, and weight of normal parathyroid glands have been reported, as detailed description of the parathyroid glands in a large series of @entity1 with @entity459 has not been available. Drawings were made of the exact locations of each of the normal and enlarged parathyroid glands identified, immediately following neck explorations in all @entity1 with @entity459 during a 4-year period (1977 to 1981). The enlarged glands were also measured and weighed after excision. The records of 273 @entity1 were reviewed. Single gland enlargement ( @entity652 ) was found in 218 @entity1 (80%). @entity1373 of all identified parathyroid glands was found in 42 @entity1 (15%). Two @entity652 (at least two other glands grossly and microscopically normal) were found in seven @entity1 (2.6%). Seven @entity1 (2.6%) with biochemical evidence of the disease had only normal glands at neck exploration. @entity652 in ectopic locations were frequent. However, their locations, with few exceptions, were predictable. The larger an @entity652 , the more likely it was to be ectopic. Right superior gland @entity652 (mean size 2.6 cm) were ectopic in 39%. Left superior glands (mean size 2.62 cm) were ectopic in 36%. No superior @entity3243 were intrathyroidal. five of 223 (2%) @entity652 were entirely surrounded by thyroid parenchyma in the lower pole. Nearly all @entity652 within the thymus could be readily excised through the cervical incision. In the seven cases in which only normal parathyroids were identified, no fewer than three glands wer proven in each. Three @entity1 have had subsequent mediastinal exploration and excision of an @entity652 . This failure rate of cervical exploration (4%) is attributed to mediastinal @entity652 , and a second @entity652 , and incorrect diagnosis. An awareness of the frequency of ectopic @entity652 and their usual locations is of considerable benefit to the surgeon. Identification of the normal glands is of great importance as the search for a specific missing gland ( @entity652 ) can be conducted in a logical sequence based on anatomic and embryologic knowledge of the parathyroids.

title: The anatomy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['inferior gland adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma', 'Adenomas']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To correlate the findings on MR scans of the brain in @entity1 with @entity2916 complex with @entity717 and the type and age at onset of the first @entity410 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2916 complex who had MR brain scans were identified. The diagnosis was confirmed, and the clinical information on each @entity1 was updated. The number, site, and area of abnormal signals were recorded on each scan. The presence of sulcal islands, gyral cores, and migration lines or wedges was recorded. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 were studied. Twenty-nine @entity1 who had @entity739 had more tubers than the 26 who presented with other types of generalized @entity410 . These @entity1 had more tubers than the 15 @entity1 with partial @entity410 . Significantly more tubers were found in @entity1 with @entity410 onset before 1 year of age and @entity717 . Gyral cores, sulcal islands, and radial migration lines or wedges were more common in @entity1 with @entity739 who had an early @entity410 onset and were mentally disabled. @entity1 who did not have @entity410 had no @entity717 . CONCLUSIONS: A greater number of tubers occurred in @entity1 who had @entity739 , had their first @entity410 before 1 year of age, or had a @entity717 . These features reflect the degree of @entity75 caused by the tubers. Gyral cores, sulcal islands, and migration lines or wedges also reflect @entity75 . MR scans correlate well with the clinical features and are valuable in assessing @entity1 with @entity2916 complex.

title: MR findings in @entity2916 complex and correlation with XXXX development and mental impairment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental disability']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is an important health problem in developing countries, with varying clinical presentations depending on the organs/systems involved. To study the spectrum of clinical and paraclinical aspects of extra @entity1907 in @entity1 suffering from @entity1907 . This study has been carried out on 65 @entity1 with @entity378 , admitted in @entity378 wards of National Research Institute of @entity378 and @entity358 (N.R.I.T.L.D) during 2004-2006. All @entity1 were investigated according to specific diagnostic criteria including; history of contact with @entity378 @entity1 , clinical manifestations, radiological findings, tuberculin test and bacteriologic or pathologic results and after confirmation, treatment was administered. Out of 65 cases, 14 had different types of @entity1907 , and data concerning following factors were studied: age, gender, race, site of involvement, bacteriology, pathology, ADA (ascitic fluid), PCR (tissue specimens), history of close contact, @entity645 tests (ELISA), tuberculin test, radiological findings, and immunological studies (in disseminated @entity378 ). Of 14 cases, 8 were @entity1 and 6 were @entity1 with mean age of 8.75    4.2. Nine @entity1 were Iranian and 5 were Afghan. History of close contact was detected in 4 cases. Type of involvement was: 5 cervical @entity3298 , 3 @entity66 , 2 @entity298 and 2 disseminated form of @entity378 , one @entity2396 , one @entity3299 . Radiological findings showed 4 @entity358 . Tuberculin skin tests greater than 15 mm observed in 5 cases, 9 @entity1 had 0-5 mm induration. 4 cases had concomitant pulmonary and extra @entity358 . Positive AFB in gastric lavage was recognized in 4 cases, in which 3 showed positive cultures for MTB. Pathological examinations in 10 cases revealed @entity738 with caseation compatible with @entity378 , five in lymphadenopathy, three in osteoarticular, two in abdominal @entity378 . According to this study, 20% of @entity1 had extra @entity358 , which is comparable to other reports (20-25%) and @entity378 is the most common from of presentation.

title: @entity1907 in XXXX : two years study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'girls', 'children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity3299 :: ('MESH:D014398', 'Disease') :: ['renal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease and 3 osteoarticular involvement', 'Lung Disease', 'pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB lymphadenitis', 'Tuberculosis', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB', 'extra pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) using the tubular retractor system reduces the approach-related morbidity inherent in conventional open surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Posterior lumbar fusion using the tubular retractor system has been reported and described well. Supporters have claimed that minimally invasive techniques reduce soft-tissue @entity130 , @entity190 , @entity282 , transfusion needs, and the length of hospital stay, as compared with reports describing the traditional open procedure. However, there are few studies of minimally invasive TLIF, especially studies that directly compared minimally invasive and open approaches in a single center. METHODS: Between May 2005 and December 2006, a total of 62 @entity1 underwent 1-level TLIF by 1 surgeon in 1 hospital. Of 62 @entity1 , 32 underwent minimally invasive TLIF using the tubular retractor system, and the other 30 underwent the traditional open procedure. The operative duration, @entity190 , complications, and recovery time were recorded. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by the @entity717 Index and the Visual Analog Scale. The soft-tissue injury was assessed by measuring serum @entity908 kinase. Radiographic images were obtained before surgery and during follow-up. RESULTS: The minimally invasive group was found to have reduced @entity190 , fewer transfusions, @entity282 , lower serum @entity908 kinase on the third postoperative day, a shorter time to ambulation, and a briefer hospital stay. The @entity717 Index and Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly lower in the minimally invasive group during follow-up. However, the open group had a shorter operative duration. The complications in the 2 groups were similar, but 2 cases of screw malposition occurred in the minimally invasive group. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive TLIF as a management of 1-level @entity179 is superior to the traditional open procedure in terms of postoperative back @entity158 , need for transfusion, time to ambulation, length of hospital stay, soft-tissue injury, and functional recovery. However, this procedure takes longer operative duration and requires close attention to the risk of technical complications. Longer-term studies involving a larger sample are needed to validate the long-term efficacy of minimally TLIF.

title: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar diseases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['less postoperative back pain', 'postoperative pain']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effect of @entity3645 on internalization of enteric bacteria by intestinal epithelial cells. DESIGN: Randomized study. SETTING: Research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Cultured @entity1 intestinal epithelial cells, namely HT-29 cells. INTERVENTIONS: The effect of bile was studied by adding bile during the time period in which bacterial cells were permitted to interact with enterocytes. In subsequent experiments, bile was added to the culture medium used to grow bacteria, and bacterial cells were washed before adding bacteria to enterocytes. Three different concentrations of three different bile preparations were tested. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity2491 and @entity5609 were each incubated with HT-29 cells for 1 hr; the numbers of internalized bacteria were subsequently quantified following enterocyte lysis. The presence of bile during bacteria-enterocyte incubation had no effect on the numbers of internalized bacteria. However, if @entity2491 or @entity9700 were grown in the presence of bile, these washed bacterial cells were generally internalized by HT-29 cells in significantly fewer numbers, compared with bacterial cells grown in medium without bile supplementation. Enterocyte viability and morphologic ultrastructure did not appear to be affected by the presence of bile itself, or by the interaction with bacterial cells that had been cultivated in unsupplemented medium or in bile-supplemented medium. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to bile during bacterial growth resulted in bacterial cells with decreased invasiveness for cultured intestinal epithelial cells. This observation is consistent with previous in vivo studies of @entity3883 , where the absence of bile in the intestinal lumen, not bile duct ligation, appeared to facilitate bacterial translocation in obstructed animals. Thus, the presence of bile in the intestinal lumen may decrease bacterial translocation by a mechanism that involves decreased epithelial internalization of enteric bacteria.

title: Inhibitory effect of bile on bacterial invasion of enterocytes: possible mechanism for increased translocation associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: Simple multicystic @entity8 , defined as unilateral MCDK without other genitourinary tract involvement, portends an excellent prognosis. Nevertheless, its long-term management remains undefined. This study aims to provide subspecialty discharge recommendations for these @entity1 . We identified eighty @entity1 with simple MCDK disease by renal ultrasound between 1996 and 2006. Their charts were reviewed for growth of the contralateral kidney, involution of the MCDK, and incidence of complications, specifically @entity101 , @entity740 ( @entity740 ), @entity293 ( @entity293 ), and @entity5 . Mean follow-up was 5 years. At approximately 1 year, 59% of unaffected kidneys were @entity1184 (>or=95th percentile for age/height) and 100% were >50th percentile. With continued follow-up, 80.3% of unaffected kidneys were @entity1184 . Likewise, at 1 year, 71.2% of MCDKs assessed were either involuting or had disappeared; on further follow-up, this increased to 89.6%. No @entity1 had @entity101 , @entity740 , or @entity5 . Four @entity1 (5%) developed nonrecurrent UTIs, none leading to renal @entity2318 or growth impairment. These data suggest that subspecialty follow-up may be discontinued once contralateral @entity1184 and ipsilateral involution occur, assuming that the @entity1 has not experienced @entity101 , @entity740 , or @entity293 . These criteria are often met by 1 year of age, which would preclude repeated visits, uncomfortable investigations, and unnecessary costs.

title: Simple multicystic XXXX : end points for subspecialty follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic kidney (MCDK) disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'CRI']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['dysplastic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Temporal trends in incidence rates of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ) can provide valuable clues about etiology. Korea has a draft system, and every male must fulfill his military service. However, according to military rules, @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity31 are not conscripted into the army, and when the disease is diagnosed during military service, @entity1 are relieved from military duties. Such policies provide a unique opportunity to determine the incidence of @entity30 and @entity31 among young @entity1 in Korea. We studied the incidence of @entity30 and @entity31 over time in Korea, a rapidly developing country. METHODS: The Armed Forces Medical Command of the Republic of Korea Army provided lists of members who were relieved from military duties due to diagnoses of @entity30 and @entity31 between 2003 and 2008. RESULTS: During this 6-year period, there were 96 incident cases of @entity30 and 104 incident cases of @entity31 . For the 6-year period, the adjusted mean annual incidence rates of @entity30 and @entity31 per 100,000 @entity1 were 3.2 and 3.5, respectively. When analyzed by 2-year intervals, the mean annual incidence of @entity30 and @entity31 increased, from 1.8 and 1.7 per 100,000 @entity1 in 2003-2004, to 2.7 and 3.3 per 100,000 @entity1 in 2005-2006, and to 5.1 and 5.4 per 100,000 @entity1 in 2007-2008, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity30 and @entity31 among young @entity1 is rapidly increasing in Korea, which strongly suggests an environmental contribution to the disease.

title: Increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among young XXXX in Korea between 2003 and 2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: A-factor ( @entity12552 ) and its specific receptor protein control @entity3639 production, @entity3639 resistance, and aerial mycelium formation in @entity10644 . The A-factor receptor protein (ArpA) was purified from a cell lysate of @entity10644 IFO 13350. The @entity2733 -terminal @entity535 sequences of ArpA and @entity12553 endopeptidase-generated fragments were determined for the purpose of preparing oligonucleotide primers for cloning arpA by the PCR method. The arpA gene cloned in this way directed the synthesis of a protein having A-factor-specific binding activity when expressed in @entity526 under the control of the T7 promoter. The arpA gene was thus concluded to encode a 276- @entity535 protein with a calculated molecular mass of 29.1 kDa, as determined by @entity377 sequencing. The A-factor-binding activity was observed with a homodimer of ArpA. The @entity2733 -terminal portion of ArpA contained an alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix DNA-binding motif that showed great similarity to those of many DNA-binding proteins, which suggests that it exerts its regulatory function for the various phenotypes by directly binding to a certain key gene(s). Although a @entity6475 in both the ArpA protein and A-factor production overproduces @entity3639 and forms aerial mycelium and spores earlier than the wild-type strain because of repressor-like behavior of ArpA, introduction of arpA into this mutant abolished simultaneously its @entity3639 production and aerial mycelium formation. All of these data are consistent with the idea that ArpA acts as a repressor-type regulator for secondary metabolite formation and morphogenesis during the early growth phase and A-factor at a certain critical intracellular concentration releases the derepression, thus leading to the onset of secondary metabolism and aerial mycelium formation. The presence of ArpA-like proteins among @entity10644 spp., as revealed by PCR, together with the presence of @entity1129 , suggests that a hormonal control similar to the A-factor system exists in many species of this genus.

title: Cloning and characterization of the A-factor receptor gene from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12552 :: ('MESH:C025035', 'Chemical') :: ['2-isocapryloyl-3R-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone']

entities_list: @entity10644 :: ('1911', 'Species') :: ['S. griseus', 'Streptomyces griseus', 'Streptomyces']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['mutant strain deficient']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A-factor-like compounds']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity10644 :: (1911,Species) :: ['Streptomyces griseus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The amount of resection is closely related to @entity1313 . To enhance resection, especially intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied. The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to test if intraoperative 3-D ultrasound likewise can be used for resection control. METHODS: 16 @entity1 , who underwent surgery for intraaxial @entity5 in non-eloquent brain areas, were initially included into this prospective study. In two @entity1 , the small size of the craniotomy hindered intraoperative ultrasound imaging. In 14 @entity1 , 3-D ultrasound images were obtained before and after opening of the dura, during @entity5 removal, prior to evaluation by a blinded investigator for identification of @entity5 remnants, and after dura closure. Seven @entity1 were randomized to @entity5 removal according to the impression of the surgeon (group 1). Seven @entity1 were randomized to @entity5 removal ( @entity5 remnant <1cm) (group 2); in these @entity1 , the neurosurgeon intentionally left a @entity5 remnant prior to evaluation by the blinded investigator. The @entity5 remnant was then removed. It was tested if 3-D ultrasound can correctly identify complete and @entity5 resection. All @entity1 underwent early postoperative MRI. RESULTS: In two @entity1 (one each of the two groups) the image quality was too poor for a meaningful intraoperative evaluation. In the six @entity1 randomized for @entity5 removal, 3-D ultrasound correctly identified @entity5 remnants in four @entity1 (67%). In six @entity1 randomized for @entity5 removal, 3-D ultrasound confirmed @entity5 resection in three @entity1 . In addition, 3-D ultrasound identified correctly one @entity5 remnant in a @entity1 randomized for @entity5 removal. Thus, the sensitivity for @entity5 remnant detection increased to 71% (five of seven @entity1 ) and that of @entity5 removal was 60 % (three of five @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: The number of investigated @entity1 is still to low to allow definite conclusions. However, the study results suggest, that 3-D ultrasound is especially helpful for detection of overseen @entity1313 tissue.

title: Intraoperative 3-dimensional ultrasound for resection control during XXXX removal: preliminary results of a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete tumour', 'confirmation of complete tumour', 'complete tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'survival in brain tumours']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term outcomes of selected @entity1 with @entity16178 @entity5 treated with local excision following pre-operative chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: Between January 2003 and February 2008, 11 @entity1 with @entity16178 @entity5 received a local excision following pre-operative chemoradiotherapy. The median age of the @entity1 was 61 years (range, 42-71). The median @entity5 size was 3 cm (range, 2-5), and the median distance of the caudal @entity5 edge from the anal verge was 3 cm (range, 1-4). Clinical lymph node status was positive in five @entity1 . Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy consisted of a 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions with concurrent chemotherapy. A transanal full-thickness local excision was performed after a median of 54 days (range, 31-90) from chemoradiotherapy completion. Ten @entity1 received post-operative chemotherapy. RESULTS: Pathologically complete responses occurred in eight @entity1 , @entity501 in two and ypT2 in one. The pathologic @entity5 size for three @entity501 -2 @entity5 was 0.9, 1.1 and 2.2 cm. The follow-up period was a median of 59 months (range, 24-85). One @entity1 (ypT0) developed recurrence at the excision site 14 months after surgery, but was successfully salvaged with an abdominoperineal resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Another @entity1 (ypT2) developed bone @entity3 after 8 months and died of the disease. The 5-year local recurrence-free, disease-free and overall survival rates were 90.9%, 81.8% and 88.9%, respectively. No Grade 3 or worse @entity344 was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Full-thickness local excision following chemoradiotherapy may be an acceptable option for @entity16178 @entity5 that responds well to chemoradiotherapy.

title: Local excision following pre-operative chemoradiotherapy-induced downstaging for selected @entity16178 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'distal rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['distal rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of @entity2400 ( @entity2400 ) as an anticonvulsant in the management of eclamptic @entity1 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: This study was carried out at Sobhraj Maternity Hospital over a period of 2 years from January 1999 to December 2000. @entity1 AND METHODS: Out of a total of 6050 pregnant @entity1 , 31 @entity1 had @entity3036 and were managed according to the set protocol. @entity2400 was given to eclamptic @entity1 according to protocol who had no contraindication to this agent. Recurrence of @entity410 , side effects of @entity2400 , maternal and fetal outcome were noted. RESULTS: Over two years' study period, out of 6050 @entity1 , 31 were admitted with @entity3036 (0.51%). There was no maternal @entity204 . Out of 31 eclamptic @entity1 only 5 @entity1 were booked. Twenty-two @entity1 (70.9%) were primigravida and 9 (29%) were multigravida. Seventeen (54%) were less than 20 years of age, 22 (79.9%) @entity1 were admitted with antepartum and 6 (19.35%) had @entity3036 . @entity2400 was effective in 29 (93.54%) @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 delivered by caesarean (C) section and 16 delivered vaginally. Twenty-nine (93.5%) babies were born alive. Two @entity1 had recurrent @entity410 i.e. 6.4%. Only one @entity1 had @entity1576 after the use of @entity2400 . CONCLUSION: Eclampsia was well-controlled by the use of @entity2400 . There were only 2 @entity1 who had recurrence of @entity410 . @entity410 were controlled in 29 (93.54%) @entity1 despite lack of monitoring facilities of serum @entity1760 level.

title: @entity2400 as an anticonvulsant in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'Convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate', 'Magnesium sulphate', 'MgSO4']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'postpartum eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e16616 Background: PFS is an attractive endpoint since it permits earlier assessment of treatment benefit compared to overall survival (OS) and is not influenced by subsequent lines of treatment. PFS may directly translate into symptom and HRQoL improvements associated with delayed disease progression. This study aims to quantify the economic and humanistic value of the PFS benefit. METHODS: We developed a literature based, lifetime Markov model with 3 health states (progression free, disease progression, @entity204 ) to estimate direct medical costs, life-years (LYs) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained of treating refractory @entity1149 @entity1 in multiple treatment settings from a US healthcare payer perspective. Costs, utilities, efficacy and safety data were obtained from published sources (Redbook 2010; Shepherd 2005). Costs and effects were discounted at 3%. The analysis included an approved 2(nd) line @entity470 TKI therapy to which hypothetical improvements were made to both the baseline PFS and HRQoL estimates. Both treatment scenarios were assumed to have equal mean OS benefit and tolerability profiles. RESULTS: Under baseline PFS and HRQoL assumptions, the model projected total lifetime discounted costs of  28,069, undiscounted LYs of 0.94 and QALYs of 0.30 for @entity470 TKI treated @entity1 . @entity1349 (hazard reduction range: 10 to 40%) resulted in incremental costs of  1,929 to  11,585 attributable to longer duration of anticancer therapy and related healthcare costs. However, the incremental costs associated with PFS benefit may be offset by utility improvements of 0.06 (13.3%) to 0.25 (54%) and still remain cost-effective up to  50,000/QALY. CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory model quantifies the incremental costs associated with up to a 40% PFS improvement. The model further shows that for a new intervention with PFS benefits to be cost-effective (up to  50,000/QALY), improvements in treatment-related HRQoL may offset the increased cost of therapy. An intervention with OS gains and reduced side effects may yield further improvements in QoL and cost-effectiveness.

title: Value of progression-free survival (PFS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) improvements in refractory XXXX ( @entity1149 ): An exploratory modeling analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Incremental PFS benefits']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between @entity3 ( @entity3121 ) and clinicopathological factors and the effect of @entity3121 on overall survival in @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODS: A total of 178 @entity1 with @entity356 from January 2004 to May 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Paraffin sections of surgical specimens from all the @entity1 who underwent gastric resection were stained with laminin. @entity3121 -positive was defined as infiltration of @entity189 cells into the perineurium or neural fascicles. The association of @entity3121 with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of @entity356 was studied. RESULTS: @entity3121 was positive in 78 of 178 @entity1 (43.8%). The proportions of T stage, lymph node @entity3 and TNM stage were significantly higher in @entity3121 -positive group than those in @entity3121 -negative group(all P<0.01). The @entity3121 positive rate was correlated with the depth of gastric mural invasion and clinical stage. The overall survival in @entity3121 -positive group was significantly lower than that in @entity3121 -negative group by univariate analysis(P<0.01). The mean survival of @entity3121 -positive @entity1 (28.6 months) was significantly shorter than that of @entity3121 -negative @entity1 (44.3 months, P<0.01), which was also influenced by pN stage, pT stage, and clinical stage(P<0.01). By multivariable Cox proportional hazards model of overall survival, the positivity of @entity3121 appeared to be an independent prognostic factor (hazards ratio=2.257, 95% CI:1.268-4.019, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3121 is associated with the degree of @entity5 in @entity356 . @entity3121 can be a candidate of new prognostic factor.

title: [Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity3 in XXXX with @entity356 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'perineural invasion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To examine (i) aerobic fitness, muscular strength, and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in female inpatients with @entity1277 and non-clinical controls, and (ii) associated and explanatory factors for @entity79 among the inpatients. METHODS: Adult females with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ), @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) or eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) (n=59, mean(SD) age 30.1(8.5) yrs and @entity2613 duration 14.3 yrs) and non-clinical age-matched controls (n=53, mean(SD) age 31.3(8.3) yrs) accepted participation in this cross-sectional study. Measurements included accelerometer assessed and self reported amount of different types of physical activities, VO2max on treadmill, 1RM in leg and chest press, and @entity79 in lumbar spine (L2-L4), femur neck and total body analyzed by DXA. RESULTS: Muscular strength and @entity79 were lower in @entity1 with @entity1278 , not in @entity1 with @entity1279 or EDNOS, compared to controls. Aerobic fitness did not differ between @entity1 and controls. @entity79 in the @entity1 was positively associated with body weight, muscular strength and self reported high impact PA (min.w-1), not self reported general weight-bearing PA (min.w-1) or accelerometer assessed PA (counts.min). History of @entity1278 (28%) and muscular strength (9%) contributed significantly to explain the variance in total body @entity79 . CONCLUSION: Muscular strength and only high impact PA are associated with @entity79 in @entity1 with longstanding @entity2613 . An implication of this is the need for more specific guidelines regarding types of PA recommended for this @entity1 population. Special considerations should be made for severely malnourished @entity1 , and for @entity1 with @entity170 .

title: Physical fitness, XXXX and associations with physical activity in females with @entity1277 and non-clinical controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'DSM-IV anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['longstanding eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: Prophylactic hemodialysis has been employed in the treatment of 15 @entity1 with @entity810 due to @entity4295 (12), bilateral @entity5720 (two), and poststreptococcal @entity631 (one). Dialyses, usually lasting six hours each, were begun before clinical evidence of @entity5507 developed in each @entity1 and/or before the nonprotein @entity1568 reached 200 mg.%, and were repeated daily or often enough to maintain the nonprotein @entity1568 below 150 mg.%. The hypothesis underlying this technic postulates (1) that @entity5653 , @entity295 and @entity73 in these @entity1 may reflect tissue injury by the same dialyzable toxic agents which produce the uremic symptoms that are readily reversible by dialysis, and (2) that repeated dialyses should therefore prevent both clinical @entity5507 and the later, often lethal sequelae. The results contrast dramatically with our own past experience in treating @entity1 with @entity810 with a carefully executed medical regimen together with hemodialysis on conventional indications. Except in one instance of @entity130 with progressive @entity16 , and one brief occasion in another individual, these @entity1 experienced a stable, convalescent clinical course, remained free of uremic symptoms or chemical imbalances, ate at least three meals daily which were unrestricted in amount and composition, and were ambulatory between dialyses unless confined to bed by associated disease. Wounds healed well. Infection either did not occur, or subsided after appropriate therapy. Fluid restriction was liberalized by means of ultrafiltration with dialysis. Regional heparinization of only the extracorporeal circuit eliminated actual or impending @entity548 as a contraindication to dialysis. Chronic vessel cannulation made the frequent dialyses possible, but may have provided the route for repeated, transient bacterial contamination of the blood stream in the first hour of many dialyses. @entity417 , despite reticulocytosis, moderate to mild @entity353 and some @entity51 persisted in spite of the general clinical improvement and well-being. Three @entity1 with @entity4295 died after seven, 11 and 26 days of @entity1458 ; both @entity1 with bilateral @entity5720 also succumbed, on the seventy-third and ninety-second days of @entity177 , and after 29 and 40 dialyses, respectively. At autopsy, evidence of @entity295 was conspicuously absent. The remaining 10 @entity1 survived. Thus some, but not all, clinical manifestations of @entity810 appear to be favorably influenced by prophylactic dialysis treatment. Our initial experience in this group of 15 @entity1 does not of course prove that freedom from complications and a significantly better outlook for survival can be assured to @entity1 with @entity810 by these methods. However, it seems to offer a reasonable hope of this possibility which we cannot attach to management by medical measures alone, or by dialysis on conventional indications. If this hope is realized in greatly extended, subsequent series, then it seems inevitable that some form of prophylactic dialysis, or some equally effective alternative, should be adopted in treating the majority of @entity1 with @entity810 .

title: Prophylactic hemodialysis in the treatment of XXXX . Annals of Internal Medicine, 53:992-1016, 1960.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Marked anemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['renal cortical necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral damage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['mental deficit']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injury']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: @entity9851 , a @entity9852 derivative, is an antiarrhythmic drug synthesized in the USSR. Preliminary data suggest that it is effective against a diversity of ectopic @entity943 . The present study, carried out in the USSR, was designed to assess efficacy and @entity1 tolerance of this new drug. Thirty-seven @entity1 with chronic, persistent, frequent and symptomatic ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) were studied. VPCs were exposed by means of 24-hour ambulatory monitoring and exercise stress testing. Two drug schedules were used. Group 1, consisting of 11 @entity1 , received 225 mg/day of @entity9851 , while group 2, consisting of 26 @entity1 , received 600 mg/day. Acute drug testing with a single large dose of @entity9851 was followed by multiple dosing for a minimum of 4 days. Placebo was given in a single-blind fashion only to responders. Only two @entity1 in group 1 had a significant reduction in VPCs as evaluated by both monitoring and exercise testing. Fourteen @entity1 in group 2 (54%) showed striking suppression of VPCs. Mild and transiet effects were encountered in only four of the 37 @entity1 . We conclude that @entity9851 appears to be a well-tolerated, relatively effective agent for controlling VPCs.

title: XXXX , a new antiarrhythmic drug for suppressing ventricular premature complexes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity9851 :: ('MESH:D016293', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethmozin', 'ethmozin']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazine']

answer: @entity9851 :: (MESH:D016293,Chemical) :: ['Ethmozin']


abstract: Glycogen phosphorylase a activity, the contents of @entity3211 and isometric @entity2701 were measured in @entity95 colon smooth muscle after exposure to @entity3212 ( @entity3213 ). @entity3213 caused a dose-dependent increase in phosphorylase a activity, with an ED50 value of 1 X 10(-4)M. Since @entity3211 , especially @entity1920 by inhibiting the phosphorylase a to b conversion, might increase the phosphorylase a activity, a time-response study was undertaken in order to analyse the time course of changes in the @entity1708 content and phosphorylase a activity after addition of @entity3213 . The latter activity was increased after only 1 min. of incubation. At this time no changes were found in the contents of @entity855 , @entity857 , @entity1920 or @entity2723 . Not until the phosphorylase a activity had reached its maximum after 5-7.5 min. did the @entity1920 content increase. The phosphorylase a activity then started to decline, but the @entity1920 content continued to rise. The effect of @entity3213 on isometric @entity2701 was also studied to test whether the cytoplasmic @entity141 concentration was increased. An increase in @entity2701 was observed 5 min. after administration of the drug and was maximal at 15 min. The results seem to dispute against @entity1920 as being a mediator for the @entity3213 -stimulated increased in phosphorylase a activity in smooth muscle. The finding that @entity3213 elicited a contraction of @entity95 colon supports the earlier suggestion that the cytoplasmic @entity141 concentration was increased (Pettersson 1983).

title: Effects of dinitrophenol on phosphorylase a activity, XXXX levels and @entity2701 in @entity95 colon smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3212 :: ('MESH:D019297', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity3211 :: ('MESH:D000227', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotides']

answer: @entity1708 :: (CHEBI:61293,Chemical) :: ['adenine nucleotide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the neuronal and glial cell pathology in the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) of 8 cases of @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ). MATERIAL: tau-immunolabeled sections of the temporal lobe of 8 diagnosed cases of @entity7463 . METHOD: The densities of lesions were measured in the PHG, CA sectors of the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus (DG) and studied using spatial pattern analysis. RESULTS: @entity3072 ( @entity3072 ) and abnormally enlarged neurons (EN) were most frequent in the PHG and in sector @entity1399 of the hippocampus, @entity2803 ("coiled bodies") (GI) in the PHG, subiculum, sectors @entity1399 and @entity7464 , and @entity527 ( @entity527 ) in sectors @entity7464 and @entity3729 . The DG was the least affected region. Vacuolation and GI were observed in the alveus. No tufted astrocytes (TA) were observed. Pathological changes exhibited clustering, the lesions often exhibiting a regular distribution of the clusters parallel to the tissue boundary. There was a positive correlation between the degree of vacuolation in the alveus and the densities of @entity3072 in @entity1399 and GI in @entity1399 and @entity7464 . CONCLUSION: The pathology most significantly affected the output pathways of the hippocampus, lesions were topographically distributed, and hippocampal pathology may be one factor contributing to @entity73 in @entity7463 .

title: Hippocampal pathology in @entity7463 ( XXXX ): a quantitative study of 8 cases.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglial inclusions']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibrillary tangles', 'NFT']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy', 'PSP']

answer: @entity7463 :: (MESH:D013494,Disease) :: ['PSP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity1 subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV) experience different forms of abuse. @entity458 is often under-reported because physically abused @entity1 , in particular, might see forced sex as an obligatory part of the sexual interplay. Accordingly, abused @entity1 have less sexual autonomy and experience unplanned pregnancies more often than other @entity1 . Objective To describe and analyse nine Swedish @entity1 's retrospective stories about IPV with a focus on power and coping strategies as intimate partners, particularly regarding experiences of sex, contraception, and becoming pregnant. Design Nine qualitative interviews were carried out with @entity1 who had been subjected to very severe violence in their intimate relationships and during at least one pregnancy. The stories were analysed using 'Narrative method' with the emphasis on the @entity1 's lived experiences. Results Despite the violence and many contradictory and ambivalent feelings, two of the @entity1 described having sex as desirable, reciprocal and as a respite from the rest of the relationship. The other seven @entity1 gave a negative and totally different picture, and they viewed sex either as obligatory or as a necessity to prevent or soothe aggression or referred to it as @entity4335 and as something that was physically forced upon them. The @entity1 's descriptions of their pregnancies ranged from being carefully planned and mostly wanted to completely unwelcome and including flawed contraceptive efforts with subsequent abortions. Conclusions @entity1 subjected to IPV have diverse and complex experiences that have effects on all parts of the relationship. Intimacy might for some turn into force and @entity4335 , but for others sex does not necessarily exclude pleasure and desire and can be a haven of rest from an otherwise violent relationship. Accordingly, @entity1 may tell stories that differ from the ones expected as 'the typical abuse story', and this complexity needs to be recognized and dealt with when @entity1 seek healthcare, especially concerning contraceptives, abortions, and pregnancies.

title: Between desire and XXXX - narratives about being intimate partners and becoming pregnant in a violent relationship.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual violence']

answer: @entity4335 :: (3708,Species) :: ['rape']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 worldwide. The incidence increases with age. Elderly @entity1 have more advanced disease than younger ones, but they have a more favorable biologic tumor profile overall. The management of @entity0 in elderly is controversial. We report our experience with @entity0 in older than 65 years in the last 5 years, in order to assess how many axillary dissection may have been avoided, according to disease free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled in our retrospective study all over 65 year old @entity1 referred to the Breast Unit of our Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery at the University of Naples Federico II from January 2009 to December 2013. The end points were: evaluation of the rate of axillary treatment avoidable, DFS and @entity1349 . RESULTS: We recruited 133 over 65 year old @entity1 . Axillary lymph node was not palpable in 109 @entity1 . The rate of involved axillae in @entity1 without palpable nodes treated was 11.8%. The mean follow up was 35.7 months. At the time of data collection 3 @entity1 had developed IBTR. No one had axillary recurrence, independently from the chosen treatment. 2 @entity1 died for causes different from @entity0 . CONCLUSION: DFS and @entity1349 are the same both in @entity1 with treated and no treated axilla. Even if evidences about the treatment of @entity0 in elderly are still controversial, each @entity1 deserves a multidisciplinary approach to discuss the best treatment option.

title: Clinically cN0 XXXX in elderly: What surgery?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity13785 ( @entity66 ) is caused by the deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase ( @entity12190 ) that leads to lysosomal glycogen accumulation. Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity13785 are considered to be critical for maximum efficacy of the enzyme replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to introduce two reliable methods and to generate the reference range of @entity12190 activity. METHOD: The assay of @entity12190 activity was performed in dried @entity1503 (DBS) and mixed leukocytes with acarbose to eliminate isoenzyme interference and to generate the reference range. @entity12190 activity was assayed in 700 specimens for DBS from normal subjects and 100 specimens for mixed leukocytes from normal subjects to set up reference range. @entity12190 activity in the samples of 4 @entity1 who were clinically suspected of @entity13785 and their parents were also assayed. RESULT: The intra-run and inter-run precision of the DBS method was less than 10%. @entity12190 activity tested by DBS was stable for 28 days between room temperature and -80 degrees C. The reference range of newborns and @entity1 -adults in DBS samples was 8.92 - 60.03 pmol/(punch x h) and 8.00 - 37.43 pmol/(punch x h), respectively. The reference range in mixed leukocytes samples was 12.56 - 50.26 nmol/(mg protein x h). Four @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity13785 with the above-mentioned two methods. CONCLUSION: The determination of @entity12190 activity in DBS is sensitive and time-saving, and is suitable for high throughput analysis and newborn screening for @entity13785 . The assay of @entity12190 activity in mixed leukocytes is accurate, fast and specific, and is suitable for final diagnosis of @entity13785 .

title: [Establishment and clinical application of dried XXXX and mixed leukocytes for determination of acid alpha-glucosidase activity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['GSD II, Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['GSD II', 'Glycogen storage disease type II']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood spots']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood spots']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e19720 Background: Despite effective antiemetics, @entity1 (pts) still develop @entity390 and @entity391 after chemotherapy. While the emetogenic potential of different chemotherapy drugs has been established, the contributing @entity1 and disease factors are less understood, and are the subject of this prospective study. METHODS: Cleveland Clinic (CC), pts with locoregionally advanced, non-metastatic @entity135 (HN), esophagus, and gastro-esophageal junction (E/GEJ) are frequently treated in the hospital with concurrent chemoradiation using 96 hour infusions of @entity900 (20 mg/m2/day) and 5FU (1000 mg/m2/day). Between 7/09 and 9/10, all pts receiving their first course of chemotherapy with this regimen were entered in this study. A standard antiemetic prophylactic and therapeutic algorithm was utilized. Demographics, disease characteristics, potential risk factors, and maximum CTCAE v3.0 grade @entity390 and @entity391 were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors for the primary endpoint of > grade 1 chemotherapy induced @entity1209 (CINV). RESULTS: The study enrolled 120 consecutive pts; 87% were male, 90% white, 61 had @entity135 , and the median age was 57 (range 26-76) years. @entity285 use was moderate or heavy in 33% and pts lived a median 39 (range 4-3000) miles from the CC. Univariable predictors for CINV included limited (vs. moderate or heavy) @entity285 use, greater distance from the CC, history of @entity146 , and @entity135 . Although a body mass index (BMI) <25 predicted for greater CINV than BMI >32, this was felt to reflect the chemotherapy dose reductions sometimes used in obese pts. On multivariable analysis, only limited @entity285 intake (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.12-6.22, P=0.026) and an E/GEJ primary (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.50-8.31, P=0.004) proved predictive for CINV. Pts with @entity135 and moderate or heavy @entity285 use had a 41% chance of CINV in contrast to an 86% chance of CINV in pts with E/GEJ @entity5 and limited @entity285 . CONCLUSIONS: The importance of disease site in predicting for CINV in our series likely reflects the radiation therapy port used in this concurrent treatment. The only prospectively identified @entity1 predictor for CINV was a limited @entity285 intake.

title: A prospective study of predictive factors for chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['E/GEJ (vs. HN) cancer', 'HN cancer', 'cancer of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Use of @entity146 is common among adolescents, and cross-sectional research has suggested that friends may be an important influence, especially among females. The current study seeks to expand upon this literature using a longitudinal design and a large, diverse sample of male and female youth. METHODS: A total of 2,516 adolescents provided survey data at baseline (1998-1999) and follow-up (2003-2004) regarding their friends' involvement in dieting and their own experience of chronic dieting, unhealthy weight control, extreme weight control, and @entity6426 . General linear modeling was used to generate predicted probabilities of @entity1277 at follow-up across four levels of friends' dieting at baseline, adjusting for baseline use of @entity1277 , and other covariates. Interaction terms were used to determine whether the association between friends' dieting and @entity1277 differed across age cohorts. RESULTS: One-third of @entity1 reported that their friends were "not at all" involved in dieting at baseline, and 8.8% reported that their friends were very involved in dieting. Friends' dieting at baseline was positively associated with chronic dieting, unhealthy weight control behaviors, extreme weight control behaviors, and @entity6426 5 years later among females, and with extreme weight control behaviors five years later among males. For both males and females, these associations were similar across age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions targeting friendship groups rather than focusing solely on individuals may be an important strategy for the prevention of @entity1277 . Health care providers may wish to ask adolescents about their friends' eating and dieting practices so as to address these issues in a clinical setting.

title: Friends' dieting and XXXX among adolescents five years later: findings from Project EAT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['disordered eating']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['disordered eating behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['disordered eating behaviors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Thrombolysis and @entity556 Inhibition in @entity583 (TIMI) 9A trial compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous hirudin with heparin as adjunctive therapy to thrombolysis and @entity117 in @entity1 with @entity583 . The primary safety end point was the occurrence of major @entity548 or @entity2021 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on experience in phase II trials, TIMI 9A used a hirudin bolus of 0.6 mg/kg followed by a fixed-dose 96-hour infusion of 0.2 mg/kg per hour. A modified weight-adjusted heparin regimen was used (5000-U bolus and infusion of 1000 U/h for @entity1 < 80 kg or 1300 U/h for @entity1 > or = 80 kg) with titration to a target activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 60 to 90 seconds. Because rates of @entity548 in both treatment arms were higher than expected, randomization was suspended in TIMI 9A after 757 @entity1 had been enrolled. @entity932 occurred in 1.7% of @entity1 treated with hirudin and 1.9% of those treated with heparin (P = NS). Major spontaneous @entity548 at a nonintracranial site occurred more frequently in hirudin--than in heparin-treated @entity1 (7.0% versus 3.0%; P = .02), whereas major @entity548 at instrumented sites was similar (5.2% in both hirudin and heparin groups). @entity1 who developed a major @entity548 were older (P < .001) and had higher aPTT values, especially in the first 12 hours after thrombolysis (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of major spontaneous @entity548 for both heparin and hirudin in TIMI 9A was higher than that seen in TIMI 5, TIMI 6, and GUSTO 1. This was possibly a result of high levels of anticoagulation at the doses of heparin and hirudin used, low previous estimates of the @entity548 risk at the doses of hirudin used in TIMI 9A due to the relatively small number of @entity1 receiving that dose in earlier studies, and enrollment of @entity1 at higher risk of @entity548 . Because a prolonged aPTT was associated with an increased risk of major @entity548 in both heparin- and hirudin-treated @entity1 , it now appears important to monitor aPTT on a regular basis when using either antithrombin to identify those @entity1 who require downward adjustment of the infusion. TIMI 9B has therefore been configured with a lower hirudin bolus (0.1 mg/kg) and infusion (0.1 mg/kg per hour) and lower heparin infusion (1000 U/h without weight adjustment). Infusions of both antithrombins will be titrated to a target aPTT of 55 to 85 seconds.

title: Hirudin in XXXX . Safety report from the Thrombolysis and @entity556 Inhibition in @entity583 (TIMI) 9A Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']