abstract: BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBPs) have been as potential @entity5 suppressors in the occurrence and development of @entity5 . Cellular Fas-associated @entity204 domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein ( @entity1182 ) contains a @entity204 effect domain (DED), which blocks @entity204 receptor pathway and inhibits apoptosis. METHODS: We collected normal cervical tissues from 28 subjects, @entity8046 samples from 37 @entity1 , and cervical @entity5 tissues from 40 @entity1 . In these samples, we then measured the expression levels of @entity14172 and @entity1182 via RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, and we detected the presence of high-risk HPV by Hybrid capture II assays in cervical secretions provided by the subjects. RESULTS: significant differences in the expression of @entity14172 protein among the normal, @entity8046 , and CC tissues (P < 0.05). The highest expression of @entity14172 protein was found in @entity8046 stage II and III tissues, whereas the expression of @entity14172 in CC samples was decreased relative to controls. The expression level was affected by factors such as clinical stage, pathological differentiation, and lymph node @entity3 . Relative to the controls, @entity14172 mRNA content was higher in the CC group and lower in the @entity8046 group (P < 0.05). No expression of @entity1182 protein or mRNA was detected in normal cervical tissues. However, the degree of pathological changes correlated with increasing expression of @entity1182 protein and mRNA, and significant differences were therefore detected between groups (P < 0.05). The @entity281 rates in the @entity8046 and CC groups were much higher than in the normal group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity14172 expression is up-regulated in response to progression of @entity8046 and down-regulated in invasive @entity2622 . Detection of @entity14172 and @entity1182 expression levels, may prove particularly useful for diagnosing and differentiating @entity8046 and CC.

title: Expressions of @entity14172 , XXXX in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, @entity2622 and their clinical significances: a molecular pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

answer: @entity1182 :: (8837,Gene) :: ['cFLIP']


abstract: Endocrine @entity5 of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) axis elaborate excessive amounts of peptides that are potent intestinal secretagogues. The actions of these peptides on intestinal transport of water and electrolytes lead to the accumulation of fluid in the intestinal lumen and @entity294 . One of the most clinically relevant secretagogues is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( @entity3549 ). Other relevant secretagogues elaborated from @entity5 are @entity750 , @entity2918 , and kinins. @entity2390 ( @entity2390 , Sandoz, Basle, Switzerland), a long-acting octapeptide analog of @entity1943 , inhibits experimentally induced intestinal secretion and has been used successfully to treat @entity1 with @entity11803 refractory to other pharmacotherapy. The effective dose is in the range of 50 to 200 micrograms, given subcutaneously two or three times daily. The mechanism for the inhibitory effect on secretion is not clearly understood but it appears to involve inhibition of the adenylate cyclase-cyclic @entity860 system as well as interference with @entity460 as an intercellular mediator of enterocyte secretion. A particularly interesting use of this drug has been to treat the watery @entity294 seen in @entity1 with @entity791 . It is also effective in other types of @entity11803 not associated with endocrine @entity5 . These include @entity6 , @entity294 .

title: Treatment of endocrine and nonendocrine secretory diarrheal states with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic secretory diarrhea of infancy, and high output ileostomy diarrhea', 'diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity11803 :: ('MESH:C536210', 'Disease') :: ['secretory diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Sandostatin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['Sandostatin']


abstract: Computed tomography (CT) has long been considered the optimal imaging technique for the detection of @entity3540 . However, this modality often lacks specificity, particularly in @entity1 with an @entity2048 or a history of surgical excision. Several investigators have proposed magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as a means of diagnosing the presence and extent of @entity3540 , particularly when CT results are equivocal. The rationale for the use of DWI is that @entity3540 demonstrate restricted diffusion and granulation tissue does not. In this retrospective study, we review our experience with 12 @entity1 who had undergone DWI for evaluation of a mass in the middle ear, mastoid, or petrous apex. Ten of these @entity1 had previously undergone middle ear surgery, 8 for @entity3540 resection. On DWI, 9 @entity1 demonstrated restricted diffusion. Of these, 8 @entity1 underwent surgical resection, and all were found to have had a @entity3540 . Of the 3 @entity1 who had not demonstrated restricted diffusion on DWI, 2 did not undergo surgery and the other was found to have only chronic inflammation at surgery. Based on our limited experience, we believe that DWI can be useful in confirming the diagnosis of @entity3540 . Moreover, it may alter @entity1 management, particularly in @entity1 whose previous tympanoplasty/mastoidectomy does not allow for an adequate clinical inspection of the @entity2172 .

title: Diffusion-weighted imaging for XXXX evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatomas', 'cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cavity']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence of definite bony erosion']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal anti- @entity2225 antibody and was the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy approved by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for the treatment of @entity1892 . It has revolutionized the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2225 -positive @entity1893 and @entity1072 . Rituximab is currently being used in virtually all @entity1 with @entity1892 either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Despite its excellent safety and efficacy profile, only a small portion of @entity1892 @entity1 treated with rituximab as a single agent have sustained complete remissions. Combining rituximab with standard chemotherapy regimens is associated with higher response rates, and improved survival in a subset of @entity1 . Unfortunately, a significant percentage of @entity1 who initially respond to rituximab eventually relapse, and there are @entity1 that demonstrate intrinsic resistance to initial therapy. In the last decade, ongoing scientific research has led to a better understanding of rituximab-associated cytotoxic mechanisms against @entity1892 . Scientific efforts are increasingly being focused in developing new strategies to improve mAb activity. Various strategies include the following: combining rituximab with different biologic agents (e.g. cytokines, immunomodulatory drugs); developing novel antibody constructs (including bi-specific antibodies); and/or inhibiting signaling pathways associated with lymphomagenesis and immuno-chemotherapy resistance. In this review article, we will provide an overview of various rituximab-associated cytotoxic mechanisms and novel strategies to improve mAb activity against @entity1892 .

title: Strategies to enhance rituximab anti-tumor activity in the treatment of XXXX -positive @entity1892 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma target cells', 'B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity2225 :: (54474,Gene) :: ['CD20']


abstract: In @entity286 ( @entity286 ) pith, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and @entity10786 ( @entity10786 ) storage roots, differences were found between cell wall and protoplast peroxidases in their isoenzyme patterns, activity, and reaction to tissue injury.In the pith of elongating @entity286 internodes, 90% of total activity was associated with the walls, 80% of which was due to the ionically and covalently bound fractions. With senescence, the increase in activity occurred mainly in the protoplast and the free fraction in the walls. The major protoplast isoperoxidases formed the free wall fraction, and the minor ones formed the wall bound fractions. The minor isoperoxidases were the only ones whose activities were affected by @entity130 . Neither senescence nor injury caused qualitative changes in the cell isoperoxidase pattern. In the @entity415 root cells, the isoperoxidases were also distinctive in their distribution and in their reactions to injury as well as to @entity1786 .In @entity415 and @entity10786 roots, the wall fractions contributed 30 and 95%, respectively, to total @entity36023 activity. The injury-induced increase in @entity36023 activity occurred mainly in the protoplast of @entity286 pith and @entity415 roots and almost entirely in the ionically bound fraction of the walls in @entity10786 roots. @entity1786 stimulated @entity36023 development in @entity415 roots, especially in the protoplast, but had no effect in either @entity286 pith or @entity10786 roots. @entity1786 did not affect the inhibiting action of @entity9634 on @entity36023 activity in @entity286 pith, nor did @entity9634 significantly affect the stimulating action of @entity1786 in @entity415 roots. @entity4316 inhibited the injury-dependent development of @entity36023 in @entity286 pith, stimulated the injury- and @entity1786 -dependent @entity36023 development in @entity415 root, and had no effect on @entity36023 development in @entity10786 root. @entity1880 prevented the increase in @entity36023 activity in @entity286 pith and @entity415 root, but not in the @entity10786 root. Thus, the enhancement of @entity36023 activity resulted from either enzyme activation exclusively or from enzyme synthesis. RNA synthesis seems to be only indirectly related to isoperoxidase synthesis caused by injury or @entity1786 .

title: Cell wall and protoplast isoperoxidases in relation to injury, XXXX , and @entity1786 effects.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana Tabacum', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity10786 :: ('4039', 'Species') :: ['Daucus carota', 'carrot']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cut injury']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene', 'Ethylene']

answer: @entity9634 :: (MESH:C030737,Chemical) :: ['indoleacetic Acid']


abstract: In contrast to the widespread use of @entity452 stress Doppler echocardiography in the hemodynamic evaluation of the prosthetic valves in aortic position, it has been rarely, if ever, used for assessment of these valves in mitral position. Therefore, this pilot study was done to assess the hemodynamic performance of St. Jude prosthetic mitral valves (functional orifice area 25-31) with @entity452 -stress Doppler echocardiography. Twenty consecutive @entity1 (13 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 , aged 23 to 42 years) who had undergone mitral valve replacement 6 to 4745 days previously and 16 healthy volunteers (5 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 , aged 18 to 42 years) underwent @entity452 -stress Doppler echocardiography. @entity452 infusion was started at a rate of 5 microg/kg per minute and was increased by 5 microg increments at 3-minute intervals. Maximum and mean gradients as well as pressure halftime were measured at rest and at the end of each stage. The correlation between Doppler-derived variables versus the heart rate was assessed and a regression equation was obtained for each of them. A significant increase in blood pressure, heart rate, maximum and mean gradients was noted during @entity452 infusion in both groups. There was a significant positive linear correlation between the increasing transprosthetic mitral valvular maximum and mean gradients and the increments in the heart rate (G(max) = 4.47 + 0.093 [HR], r= 0.474, p<0.05) and (G(mean) = 3.0+0.003 [HR], r=0.2697, p<0.05), respectively, indicating the heart rate dependency of these parameters. Pressure halftime, on the other hand, had an inverse but linear relationship with the heart rate (PHT = 142 - 0.55 [HR], r= -0.577, p<0.05). Similar findings were found for the control group as well. Standard @entity452 -stress echocardiography can safely be performed in @entity1 with St. Jude mitral valve prostheses. Single Doppler measurements of the pressure gradients and pressure halftime may yield erroneous conclusions regarding the function and size of these valves unless corrected for the @entity1 simultaneous, online heart rate. The use of the regression equations obtained in this pilot study may help to partly overcome some of these difficult issues.

title: Evaluation of the hemodynamic performance of St. Jude mitral prostheses: a pilot study by XXXX -stress Doppler echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity3257 ) experience poor outcomes after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We sought to compare clinical characteristics of advanced @entity3257 , dialysis, and @entity3257 @entity1 hospitalized with @entity583 . METHODS: This observational study used record-linked data from the US Renal Data System and Third National Registry of @entity583 to identify 2,390 dialysis @entity1 with @entity583 hospitalizations between April 1998 and June 2000. Advanced @entity3257 @entity1 (n = 29,319) were identified by baseline @entity1011 level >= 2.5 mg/dL. Clinical characteristics of @entity3257 , dialysis, and @entity3257 @entity1 (n = 274,777) were compared using the   (2) test. RESULTS: Clinically significant differences among @entity1 with advanced @entity3257 (dialysis and @entity3257 , respectively) on admission were @entity662 , 40.4% (41.1% and 61.6%); diagnosis other than @entity1187 , 44% (47.7% and 25.8%); and ST elevation, 15.9% (17.6% and 32.5%). In-hospital adverse outcomes were mortality, 23% (21.7% and 12.6%); unexpected @entity1167 , 8.9% (12.3% and 6%); @entity712 , 41% (25.8% and 21.1%); and major @entity548 , 4.9% (4.4% and 3%); P < .001 for all comparisons. In a logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratio for in-hospital mortality for @entity3257 (vs @entity3257 ) @entity1 was 1.44 (95% CI 1.39-1.49). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical characteristics of non-dialysis-dependent, advanced @entity3257 @entity1 with @entity583 are similar to characteristics of dialysis @entity1 and likely contribute to poor outcomes. Intensive efforts for timely, accurate recognition of @entity583 in advanced @entity3257 @entity1 are warranted.

title: Renal failure and XXXX : clinical characteristics in @entity1 with @entity740 , on dialysis, and without @entity740 . A collaborative project of the United States Renal Data System/National Institutes of Health and the National Registry of @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Duplex ultrasound is routinely used to evaluate suspected @entity1150 after @entity2720 . When there is a clinical suspicion for a @entity1151 , a chest angiogram (chest CTA) is concomitantly obtained. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: Two questions were addressed: First, for the population of @entity1 who receive duplex ultrasound after @entity2720 , what is the rate of positive results? Second, for these @entity1 , how many of these also undergo chest CTA for clinical suspicion of @entity358 and how many of these tests are positive? Furthermore, what is the correlation between duplex ultrasound results and chest CTA results? METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of total joint replacement @entity1 in 2011 at a single institution. Inclusion criteria were adult @entity1 who underwent a postoperative duplex ultrasonography for clinical suspicion of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). Demographic data, result of duplex scan, clinical indications for obtaining the duplex scan, and @entity1150 prophylaxis used were recorded. Additionally, if a chest CTA was obtained for clinical suspicion for @entity358 , results and clinical indication for obtaining the test were recorded. The rate of positive results for duplex ultrasonography and chest CTA was computed and correlated based on clinical indications. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-five @entity1 underwent duplex ultrasonography of which only 0.7% were positive for a @entity1150 . One hundred three @entity1 underwent a chest CTA for clinical suspicion of a @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) of which 26 revealed a @entity358 , none of which had a positive duplex ultrasound. CONCLUSION: Postoperative duplex scans have a low rate of positive results. A substantial number of @entity1 with negative duplex results subsequently underwent chest CTA for clinical suspicion for which a @entity358 was found, presumably resulting from a @entity1150 despite negative duplex ultrasound result. A negative duplex ultrasonography should not rule out the presence of a @entity1150 which can embolize to the lungs and thus should not preclude further workup when clinical suspicion exists for a @entity358 .

title: Duplex Ultrasonography Has Limited Utility in Detection of XXXX After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['Postoperative DVT']


abstract: Introduction. @entity1526 , also known as @entity1526 , is a zoonosis caused by @entity1527 ( @entity1527 ). @entity235 and @entity468 participate actively in this parasite's transmission cycle. This study aimed at evaluating the occurrence of @entity1527 in @entity235 and @entity468 from Botucatu, SP, Brazil, as well as at evaluating the technique of hemoculture in LIT (liver infusion tryptose) medium by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods. Blood samples were collected from 50 @entity235 and 50 @entity468 in Botucatu-SP, Brazil. For hemoculture, the samples were inoculated in LIT medium, and readings were performed for four months. Upon completion of such period, all the hemocultures were processed for parasitic DNA extraction. The PCR reactions were performed by using primers TCZ1/TCZ2. Results. Ten @entity235 and ten @entity468 (20%) were positive to PCR, and four @entity235 and three @entity468 (7%) were positive to hemoculture. Only in a one cat sample (1%) there was confirmation of positive hemoculture by PCR for @entity1527 . Conclusions. Results showed that PCR was a suitable tool for the confirmation of the parasite detection in hemoculture samples, and that @entity235 and @entity468 from Botucatu, SP, Brazil, are maintaining the role of household reservoirs of @entity1527 , which reinforces the need for constant epidemiologic surveillance for this zoonosis.

title: Hemoculture and Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Primers TCZ1/TCZ2 for the Diagnosis of XXXX and Feline Trypanosomiasis.

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['American trypanosomiasis', 'Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: @entity420 typically presents as an incidentally noted @entity2466 , or with symptoms of right lower @entity158 that can mimic @entity698 , but local involvement of adjacent organs is uncommon, particularly as the presenting sign. We report on a case of a primary @entity5 initially diagnosed as a @entity1127 based on its appearance in the rectal lumen. The management of the @entity1 was in keeping with standard practice for a @entity1127 , and the diagnosis of @entity420 was made intraoperatively. The operative strategy had to be adjusted due to this unexpected finding. Although there are published cases of @entity420 inducing intussusception and thus mimicking a cecal polyp, there are no reports in the literature describing invasion of the appendix through the rectal wall and thus mimicking a @entity1127 . The @entity1 is a 75-year-old female who presented with spontaneous @entity360 and, on colonoscopy, was noted to have a @entity1127 that appeared to be located within a diverticulum. When endoscopic mucosal resection was not successful, she was referred to colorectal surgery for a low anterior resection. Preoperative imaging was notable for an enlarged appendix adjacent to the rectum. Intraoperatively, the appendix was found to be densely adherent to the right lateral rectal wall. An en bloc resection of the distal sigmoid colon, proximal rectum and appendix was performed, with pathology demonstrating @entity420 that invaded through the rectal wall. The prognosis in this type of @entity5 weighs heavily on whether or not perforation and spread throughout the peritoneal cavity have occurred. In this unusual presentation, an en bloc resection is required for a complete resection and to minimize the risk of peritoneal spread. Unusual appearing @entity1127 do not always originate from the bowel wall. Abnormal radiographic findings adjacent to an area of gastrointestinal pathology may signify locally advanced disease from a surrounding organ that secondarily involves the gastrointestinal tract. These findings warrant further investigation prior to any intervention to ensure appropriate treatment.

title: XXXX Presenting as a Rectal Polyp.

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal mass']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['rectal polyp', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Appendiceal adenocarcinoma', 'appendiceal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a higher risk of developing @entity303 . Studies in older populations, however, have often failed to show this relationship. We assessed the association between cardiovascular risk factors measured in midlife and risk of being hospitalised with @entity303 and determined whether this association was modified by age and ethnicity. METHODS: We studied 11 151 @entity1 in the population-based @entity731 Risk in Communities cohort, aged 46-70 (23% African-Americans) in 1990-2, when @entity1 underwent a physical exam and cognitive testing. Hospitalisations with @entity303 were ascertained through December 2004. RESULTS: During follow-up, 203 cases of hospitalisation with @entity303 were identified. Smoking (hazard ratio ( @entity101 ), 95% CI 1.7, 1.2 to 2.5), @entity101 ( @entity101 , 95% CI 1.6, 1.2 to 2.2) and @entity6 ( @entity101 , 95% CI 2.2, 1.6 to 3.0) were strongly associated with @entity303 , in Caucasians and African-Americans. These associations were stronger when risk factors were measured at a younger age than at an older age. In analyses including updated information on risk factors during follow-up, the @entity101 of @entity303 in @entity101 versus non- @entity101 @entity1 was 1.8 at age <55 years compared with 1.0 at age 70+ years. Parallel results were observed for @entity6 ( @entity101 3.4 in <55, 2.0 in >or=70), smoking (4.8 in <55, 0.5 in >or=70) and hypercholesterolaemia ( @entity101 1.7 in <55, 0.9 in >or=70) CONCLUSION: In this prospective study, smoking, @entity101 and @entity6 were strongly associated with subsequent risk of hospitalisation with @entity303 , particularly in middle-aged individuals. Our results emphasise the importance of early lifestyle modification and risk factor treatment to prevent @entity303 .

title: Risk of XXXX hospitalisation associated with cardiovascular risk factors in midlife and older age: the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: AIM: @entity2922 -induced @entity121 ( @entity121 ) proliferation is one of the major events in the pathogenesis of @entity731 and vascular remodeling. The calcineurin-NFAT pathway plays a role in regulating growth and differentiation in various cell types. We investigated whether the calcineurin-NFAT pathway was involved in the regulation of @entity2647 -induced @entity121 proliferation. METHODS: Proliferation of @entity121 was measured using an @entity98 assay and cell counts. Localization of @entity9889 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. @entity9889 -DNA binding was determined by EMSA and luciferase activity analyses. @entity9889 and calcineurin levels were assayed by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: @entity2647 (PE, an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist) increased @entity121 proliferation and cell number. @entity3159 (an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist), @entity205 ( @entity870 , an inhibitor of @entity14855 ) and @entity668 (an inhibitor of PKC) decreased PE-induced proliferation and cell number. Additional treatment of @entity121 with @entity870 or @entity668 further inhibited proliferation and cell number in the @entity668 -pretreatment group and the @entity870 -pretreatment group. @entity870 and @entity668 alone had no effect on either absorbance or cell number. @entity870 decreased PE-induced calcineurin levels and activity. @entity9889 was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon treatment with PE. This translocation was reversed by @entity870 . @entity870 decreased the PE-induced @entity9889 level in the nucleus. PE increased NFAT's DNA binding activity and NFAT-dependent reporter gene expression. @entity870 blocked these effects. CONCLUSION: @entity870 partially suppresses PE-induced @entity121 proliferation by inhibiting calcineurin activity and @entity9889 nuclear translocation. The calcineurin- @entity9889 pathway is involved in the hyperplastic growth of @entity121 induced by @entity2647 .

title: Calcineurin-NFAT signaling is involved in XXXX -induced @entity121 proliferation.

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity668 :: ('MESH:C016299', 'Chemical') :: ['chelerythrine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['VSMC', 'vascular smooth muscle cell']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['phenylephrine']


abstract: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors and @entity906 are currently considered as first-line agents for @entity1 with @entity4697 ( @entity4697 ). However, a systematic comparison of newer antidepressants for the treatment of @entity4697 is lacking thus far. Eligible studies focusing on @entity4697 @entity1 treated with newer antidepressants were entered in the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager. Our primary outcome measure was the mean change in panic symptoms from the baseline to the endpoint in @entity1 treated with antidepressants as compared with those treated with placebo. Secondary outcome measures included the mean change in the overall @entity148 scores and dropout rates. Sensitivity analyses were also carried out. Fifty studies focusing on 5236 @entity1 were included. The following antidepressants were significantly superior to placebo for @entity4697 @entity1 with the following increasing order of effectiveness: @entity837 , @entity3756 , @entity903 , @entity905 , and @entity906 for panic symptoms and @entity903 , @entity905 , @entity3755 , @entity837 , @entity906 , and @entity13332 for overall @entity148 . Aside from @entity18891 and @entity3755 , all drugs were associated with significantly lower dropout rates as compared with placebo. Several clinical variables moderated clinical outcomes. However, because of some inconsistencies across the studies and limited evidence for some drugs under investigation, further head-to-head comparisons are required.

title: Newer antidepressants and XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival statistics for @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ) are commonly calculated from the time of diagnosis. The less commonly employed conditional survival (CS) analyzes survival for @entity1 who have survived a period of time after diagnosis. Useful prognostic information for @entity5 survivors is provided by CS analysis. Estimated baseline CS parameters for @entity213 were sought using large-scale @entity5 registry data. METHODS: @entity213 cases identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were accessed to identify those diagnosed between 1973 and 1998. Five-year observed, relative, and cumulative CS calculations were performed, with secondary stratification by site, extent of disease, and age. RESULTS: The overall 5-year observed survival for all sites increased from 47.8% for 76,181 included @entity1 from the time of diagnosis to 64.4% for those 43,985 @entity1 alive at 3 years, and thereafter plateaus. The greatest increase in CS was for @entity5 , which more than doubled over the first decade of surveillance (26.5%-60%). Distant disease showed a 10-year increase in CS (17.4%-60.4%), whereas localized disease CS was essentially static, ranging from 66.1% to 68.5%; for those over 65 at diagnosis it ranged from 39.9-52.9%, whereas @entity1 <65 years at diagnosis ranged from 53.8-73.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Benchmark CS estimates for domestic @entity213 cohorts were developed from the SEER database. CS is a useful tool to assist clinicians in predicting the probability of demise from @entity213 for @entity1 surviving 1 or more year after diagnosis.

title: Conditional survival in head and XXXX : results from the SEER dataset 1973-1998.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Causes of benign positional vertigo ( @entity15882 ) are mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate an association of @entity170 with idiopathic @entity15882 . METHODS: Two hundred nine consecutive @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic @entity15882 underwent bone mineral densitometry of anterior-posterior lumbar spine and femur. The T scores were compared with those of 202 controls without a history of dizziness. Recurrence was defined when the @entity1 reported two or more previous episodes of positional vertigo similar to those experienced at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: In both @entity1 and @entity1 , the lowest T scores were decreased in @entity1 with @entity15882 compared with those in controls. Furthermore, the prevalences of @entity2331 (-2.5 < T score < -1.0) and @entity170 (T score < or =-2.5) were higher in both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity15882 than in controls. Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, alcohol, smoking, and @entity2265 showed that only the existence of @entity2331 / @entity170 was associated with an increased risk of @entity15882 (adjusted odds ratio of @entity2331 = 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.2-3.4, p = 0.011; adjusted odds ratio of @entity170 = 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.4-7.2, p = 0.007). In @entity1 aged > or =45 years, the lowest T scores were also decreased in the recurrent group, compared with those in the de novo group. CONCLUSION: @entity2331 / @entity170 may be associated with @entity345 ( @entity15882 ). The effectiveness of measuring bone mineral densitometry and restoring normal @entity460 metabolism for preventing recurrences of @entity15882 requires further validation.

title: @entity2331 and @entity170 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity345 :: ('MESH:D065635', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic benign positional vertigo']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity345 :: (MESH:D065635,Disease) :: ['idiopathic benign positional vertigo']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many studies have reported that @entity1 with @entity161 often have structural abnormalities of the @entity550 ( @entity550 ) and that some of these seem to be of genetic origin, therefore predating the onset of illness. The present study aimed to investigate whether these alterations in the @entity550 are genetic in origin by comparing the morphological patterns of three groups: normal controls, subjects at genetic high risk (GHR) for @entity716 , and @entity1 with @entity161 . The relationships between morphological variations and executive function were also investigated. METHODS: This study examined the magnetic resonance images of cingulate sulcus/paracingulate sulcus (CS/PCS) folding patterns in 222 subjects (103 normal subjects, 30 individuals at GHR, and 89 @entity1 with @entity161 ) and evaluated differences in the morphological and asymmetrical patterns of the @entity550 among groups. Neurocognitive tests were then performed and differences in cognitive performance were analyzed according to morphological variation. RESULTS: Differences in PCS folding were detected; the control group was significantly more likely than were other groups to show a well-developed left PCS (p=0.009) and leftward asymmetry of the PCS (p<0.001). However, neither GHR subjects (p=0.346) nor @entity1 (p=0.784) showed this leftward asymmetry. No statistically significant differences in CS continuity were observed. A more prominent left PCS (p=0.031) and leftward PCS asymmetry (p=0.030) were both associated with higher scores on the working memory task. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that GHR subjects have distinct @entity245 that resemble those of @entity1 with @entity161 even though they do not display any @entity716 symptoms. Certain developmental alterations in the @entity550 , such as the loss of leftward sulcal asymmetry in @entity1 with @entity161 , might be related to genetic factors. Additionally, this morphological alteration might partly account for the @entity73 in @entity161 .

title: Altered asymmetry of the @entity550 in subjects at genetic high risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'anterior cingulate cortex']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired executive function']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to detect possible risk factors for development of short- and long-term local complications after inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy for @entity5 . METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 34 @entity5 @entity1 that received inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. The detected complications were @entity2688 , wound @entity2080 formation, wound @entity2737 , and limb lymphoedema. Followup of the @entity1 @entity5856 up to 84 months after surgery. RESULTS: Within a total of 64 inguinofemoral lymphadenectomies, 24% of the inguinal wounds were affected with @entity2688 , 13% developed a @entity2080 , 10% suffered wound breakdown, 5% showed lower limb @entity4 within a month of the operation, and 21.4% showed lower limb @entity4 during the long-term followup. No significant correlation could be found between saphenous vein ligation and the development of any of the local complications. The 3-year survival rate in our cohort was 89.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Local complications after inguino-femoral lymphadenectomy are still very high, with no single pre-, intra-, or postoperative factor that could be incriminated. Saphenous vein sparing provided no significant difference in decreasing the rate of local complications. More trials should be done to study the sentinel lymph node detection technique.

title: Morbidity of inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulval cancer']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis', 'wound cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['breakdown, wound infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulval cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A low quality clinical trial could produce errors, and these errors could, in turn, distort the results of the clinical trial. To avoid applying distorted results of trials clinically, a quality analysis of clinical trials is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected @entity23 ( @entity23 ) about @entity323 ( @entity323 ) conducted in Korea using Medline and KoreaMed. Quality assessment of selected @entity23 was performed using three assessment tools (Jadad scales, van Tulder scale, Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool [CCRBT]). RESULTS: The first RCT about @entity323 conducted in Korea was published in 2002. Since 2002, a total of 20 @entity23 have been published in medical journals. Among the 20 articles, only 1 article was found to have a low risk of bias according to the CCRBT. On the Jadad scale, there were 17 high quality articles, while 19 articles were assessed as high quality by the VTS. Only 2 @entity23 described the randomization method adequately. Only 1 RCT presented allocation concealment. CONCLUSIONS: A low quality clinical trial could produce errors, and these errors could, in turn, distort the results of the clinical trial. To avoid applying distorted results of trials clinically, a quality analysis of clinical trials is needed. The quality of @entity23 was found to be high because almost all of the selected @entity23 were double blinded studies. However, the quality of @entity23 was inadequate with regard to the lack of randomization and absence of allocation concealment. Therefore, performing adequate randomization and adding a description of the appropriate concealment of allocation may improve the quality of @entity23 .

title: A Quality Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials about XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Erectile Dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacists in various settings have been effective in initiating @entity6 treatment. @entity1 with @entity6 require ongoing disease management, and community pharmacists are in a strategic position to provide such extended care. Little is known, however, about the effects of community pharmacist-provided interventions beyond the initial treatment period. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of community pharmacist-provided extended @entity6 care service on primary clinical outcomes, including hemoglobin A(1c) ( @entity3916 ), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), and blood pressure, and on @entity1 ' reported self-care activities. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in @entity1 with @entity6 . @entity1 had already completed at least 2 @entity6 education sessions at a local @entity6 education center. Nine specially trained pharmacists administered interventions during up to 4 quarterly visits per @entity1 . Interventions included discussing medications, clinical goals, and self-care activities with @entity1 and recommending medication changes to physicians when appropriate. The main outcome measures were 12-month changes in @entity3916 , LDL-C, blood pressure, and self-report of self-care activities. RESULTS: Seventy-eight @entity1 participated in the study (36 intervention, 42 control); 66 were included in the final analysis (31 intervention, 35 control). Compared with changes in the control group, @entity1 who received interventions significantly increased the number of days per week that they engaged in a set of diet and @entity6 self-care activities (1.25 and 0.73 more days/wk, respectively). The mean 12-month changes for @entity3916 , LDL-C, and blood pressure were not significantly different between the 2 study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although pharmacist-provided interventions did not demonstrate statistically significant improvements in clinical outcomes over the study period, study results did show that pharmacists were effective at increasing the number of days that @entity1 spent engaging in healthy diet and @entity6 self-care activities. Addressing lifestyle and self-care behaviors can be a beneficial component of a pharmacist-provided extended @entity6 care service.

title: Community pharmacist-provided extended XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The predictability and safety of LASIK with the optimized aspheric transition zone (OATz) and cross-cylinder technique were evaluated for the surgical correction of @entity1714 with 1.00 to 4.25 diopters (D) of @entity940 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 74 eyes of 48 consecutive LASIK @entity1 with @entity940 ranging from 1.00 to 4.25 D were evaluated. All eyes underwent laser ablation with profile 7 of the OATz algorithm with the NIDEK CXIII excimer laser platform. Refractive outcomes, visual acuity, and @entity1 satisfaction were assessed based on 6-month postoperative data. RESULTS: Preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was -2.10+/-1.19 D (range: -0.50 to -5.75 D) and mean cylinder was -1.94+/-0.89 D (range: -1.00 to -4.25 D). At 6 months postoperatively, the mean MRSE for all eyes was 0.01+/-0.37 D (range: -0.75 to +1.00 D). Postoperatively, 78.3% (58/74) of eyes achieved uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better, and 97.3% (72/74) of eyes achieved UCVA of 20/40 or better. Regarding predictability, 94.6% (70/74) of eyes were within +/-0.50 D of intended MRSE and 98.6% (73/74) of eyes were within +/-1.00 D of intended MRSE. Four (5.3%) eyes lost two lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 6 months. Stability was reached between 1 and 3 months and verified at 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK with OATz and the cross-cylinder technique is safe and predictable for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity940 up to 4.25 D.

title: LASIK with the optimized aspheric transition zone and cross-cylinder technique for the treatment of XXXX from 1.00 to 4.25 diopters.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma guidelines suggest that a long-acting beta-agonist be added to the treatment regimen of @entity1 not adequately controlled on a low to moderate dose of inhaled @entity288 . We compared the effectiveness in a real world setting of two such combinations available in a single inhaler. METHODS: We identified @entity1 initiating therapy with either @entity4184 / @entity6410 or @entity5023 / @entity10453 after May 2001 in a clinical database. We compared @entity565 medication and health care utilisation over the subsequent year. RESULTS: There were 6918 first-time users of @entity4184 / @entity6410 and 16,157 of @entity5023 / @entity10453 . Overall, there were no differences between the two treatment groups in hospitalisations for @entity565 (23 and 25 per 1000 per year) or visits to the physician during follow-up. Duration of treatment success defined as the time to occurrence of an exacerbation or the need for different or additional anti-inflammatory therapy was also similar in both groups at approximately 8.6 months. The mean duration of persistent treatment was 13% longer with @entity4184 / @entity6410 (95% CI 11-16%), during which @entity4184 / @entity6410 subjects received 11% less prescriptions for their combination therapy (95% CI 9-13%). @entity5023 / @entity10453 users were less likely to require referral to a specialist. CONCLUSION: We found similar effectiveness for the @entity4184 / @entity6410 and @entity5023 / @entity10453 combinations. Such equivalence appears to be obtained at lower relative doses of inhaled corticosteroids with the @entity4184 / @entity6410 combination.

title: Effectiveness of combination therapies in XXXX : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluticasone', 'fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the time course of functional health status, and to @entity73 in body functions, limitations in activities, and restrictions in participation after @entity3124 . DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Mixed medical and surgical closed format; intensive care unit of an academic medical hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 over a period of 3 months who were ventilated in the intensive care unit for more than 48 h (n = 116). METHODS: Functional health status was assessed 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge from the intensive care unit using the Sickness Impact Profile 68. Impairments in function, limitations in activities, and restrictions in participation, classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), were evaluated after 3 and 12 months. RESULTS: Due to a high mortality rate (48%) and poor health conditions, data could not be obtained from all @entity1 at all measurement points. Physical functioning and social behaviour improved predominantly within the first 6 months, while impaired psychological functioning remained unchanged within one year after discharge from the intensive care unit. After one year, 69% of @entity1 were still restricted in performing daily activities and only 50% had resumed work. CONCLUSION: The extent and severity of lasting intensive care unit-related disability necessitates the development of multidisciplinary after-care to improve health status, functional independence and return to work.

title: Poor functional recovery after a XXXX : a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['inventory impairments']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: Six young adult male @entity2608 were given @entity107 ip for 3-5 years. Liver biospies were done monthly. After 6 months, biopsy specimens showed individual hepatocytes and small foci of hepatocytes that were intensely positive for glycogen. During the second and later years, larger foci of such cells developed. In sections stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 , the glycogen-containing hepatocytes generally appeared unusually clear. Some hepatocytes, however, had eosinophilic or basophilic cytoplasm. Nuclear enlargement and atypic developed, particularly outside the foci. The hepatocytes within most foci were uniform in their histochemical features: glycogen was elevated, @entity413 -6-phosphatase was decreased, and ATPase activity was present not only along the bile canalicular surface but also along the enire cell membrane. After 3-5 years, neoplastic nodules and hepatocarcinomas developed in 5 of 6 animals. Two nodules and particularly the heptocarcinomas differed from the foci in one of more histochemical parameters. The findings suggested that the glycogen-containing, histochemically altered cells of the foci in one or more histochemical parameters. The findings suggested that the glycogen-containing, histochemically altered cells of the foci may be the first step in the development of @entity5 ; further steps toward @entity5 appeared to be frequently associated with additional alterations, such as loss of sinusoidal ATPase and re-formation of @entity413 -6-phosphatase.

title: Sequential hepatic histologic and histochemical changes produced by @entity107 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: A precise histologic and clinical delineation of @entity1137 , including its variant forms, has been elusive. We studied 230 @entity1 with stage I and II @entity1137 treated by mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Included were 176 @entity1 with the "classical" or "Indian-file" pattern (IFL) of @entity1137 , and 54 @entity1 with variant (VAR) histology [solid (SOL), alveolar ( @entity3322 ), and mixed (MIX) patterns]. IFL @entity1 were younger than VAR @entity1 (52 versus 57 years; p = 0.004), and IFL @entity1 were more likely to be premenopausal (p = 0.013). Microscopic multifocality and intraepithelial ductular extension of LCIS were both more frequent in the IFL group (p = 0.008 and 0.03, respectively). There was no significant difference in @entity5 size (T1 versus T2), axillary lymph node status, or @entity2802 stage at presentation. Median survival time and time to recurrence was similar in the two groups. Although it was not statistically significant, median survival for stage I and low-axillary lymph node positive stage II IFL @entity1 was better than that of VAR @entity1 . One hundred forty of our 176 IFL @entity1 (80%) could be matched with @entity9962 ( @entity9962 ) @entity1 of similar age at diagnosis, menstrual status, @entity5 size, and axillary lymph node involvement. When stratified by stage, stage I IFL @entity1 had a significantly higher disease-free survival (p = 0.02) than comparable @entity1 with @entity9962 . There was not a significant difference in disease-free survival when stage II IFL and @entity9962 @entity1 were compared. The unmodified term " @entity1137 " should be restricted to lesions exhibiting the classical or Indian-file (IFL) microscopic architectural pattern in approximately 85% of the @entity5 . @entity1 with VAR forms of IFL may have a less favorable prognosis and should be distinguished from those with classical IFL for further characterization.

title: Prognosis in XXXX . An analysis of "classical" and variant @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating duct carcinoma', 'IFDC']

answer: @entity1137 :: (MESH:D018275,Disease) :: ['infiltrating lobular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Electrical @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) of cutaneous afferents elicits long-term @entity308 (LTD) of @entity19534 and @entity158 . The study addresses spatial organization of LTD within one side of the face. METHODS: The blink reflex was evoked by electrical test stimulation in the supraorbital nerve area before and after conditioning @entity4365 in 10 healthy volunteers. Noxious @entity4365 (1Hz) was applied to skin afferents of supraorbital (sLFS), infraorbital (iLFS), or mental (mLFS) nerves. All stimuli were applied to the same side of the face with intensities of three times @entity158 threshold. Volunteers rated the test stimulus intensity. Each volunteer participated in four sessions with sLFS, iLFS, mLFS, or without @entity4365 (control). RESULTS: @entity158 ratings of electrical test stimulation were differently affected in experimental sessions (p<0.01) with strongest reduction by -19.6% after sLFS. The reflex integral decreased by -34.7% significantly stronger after sLFS than in all other experimental conditions (p<0.001). Electrical @entity158 thresholds increased significantly stronger in sLFS than in iLFS, mLFS, and control (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Trigeminal nociception and @entity158 were inhibited by homotopic @entity4365 at the forehead but not after heterotopic @entity4365 of @entity272 afferents. SIGNIFICANCE: Homotopic organization of ipsilateral trigeminal LTD in @entity1 may have implications for future neuromodulatory treatment of chronic @entity19534 .

title: Homotopic long-term @entity308 of @entity158 within one side of the XXXX face.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['infraorbital and mental nerve skin']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'low-frequency stimulation']

entities_list: @entity19534 :: ('MESH:D005157', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial nociception', 'craniofacial pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thoracentesis is the first investigation to be performed in a @entity1 with @entity2 and @entity1143 . The diagnostic yield of conventional smear studies varies in the first thoracentesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate if the cell block method increases the diagnostic yield in exudative @entity1143 accompanying @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty @entity1 with @entity2 and exudative @entity1143 were included. Ten mililiters of fresh pleural fluid was obtained by thoracentesis from all @entity1 in the initial evaluation. The pleural fluid sample was divided into two equal parts. One part was subjected to conventional smear and the other to the cell block method. Conventional smears were stained with May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa and @entity1710 -Eosin. Cell block sections were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and mucicarmine. Conventional smear findings were grouped as "benign cytology" or "malignant cytology". Th e cell block sections were evaluated for the presence of @entity5 cells, acinary or papillary pattern, solid islands and staining with mucicarmine. RESULTS: There were 20 @entity1 each in the benign and malignant conventional smear group. In the benign group, adding the cell block method to conventional smear provided a diagnosis of @entity5 in 4 more @entity1 and the diagnosis of malignant effusion was increased by a ratio of 10% (4/40). In the malignant group, adding the cell block technique provided the subtyping of @entity2 as @entity420 in 7 @entity1 (7/20, 35%). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that the cell block method combined with conventional smear increases the diagnostic yield in exudative @entity1143 accompanying @entity2 .

title: The cell block method increases the diagnostic yield in exudative XXXX accompanying @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['single tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusions']


abstract: A cytogenetic study was performed with cultures derived from peripheral blood, unaffected skin, and @entity18871 of four @entity1 suffering from the sporadic form of @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ). Increased frequencies of unstable @entity2008 were found in lymphocytes and in fibroblasts from unaffected skin of the @entity1 . The slight increase of the overall rate of unstable anomalies observed in angiofibroma-derived cultures above that of lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts, respectively, could almost entirely be attributed to a higher frequency of dicentric chromosomes. Of the 17 @entity18871 from which a total of 20 cell cultures were established, nine showed a normal karyotype, while eight exhibited stable chromosomal rearrangements, among which 19 clonal types could be identified. Unbalanced forms of various translocations caused partial trisomies of the long arms of chromosomes 1, 3, 7, 10, and 15. There was no clustering of breakpoints to a particular chromosomal region, nor was one particular chromosome preferentially involved. Frequencies and kinds of rearrangements varied between cultures derived from different @entity18871 from the same @entity1 and between different culture charges from the same @entity5 . Tetraploidy was not generally more abundant in the angiofibroma-derived cultures, but there were a few culture charges with exceedingly high rates of tetraploid cells. The occurrence of @entity29191 ( @entity29191 ), either affecting all chromosomes or only part of them in angiofibroma-derived cultures, first described in @entity2916 by Scappaticci et al. could be confirmed.

title: Cytogenetic studies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29191 :: ('MESH:D009630', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'premature centromere disjunction']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['facial angiofibromas', 'angiofibromas']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: Genetic mutations that give rise to active mutant forms of Ras are oncogenic and found in several types of @entity5 . However, such mutations are not clear biomarkers for disease, since they are frequently detected in healthy individuals. Instead, it has become clear that elevated levels of Ras activity are critical for Ras-induced @entity105 . However, the mechanisms underlying the production of pathological levels of Ras activity are unclear. Here, we show that in the presence of oncogenic Ras, inflammatory stimuli initiate a positive feedback loop involving NF-kB that further amplifies Ras activity to pathological levels. Stimulation of Ras signaling by typical inflammatory stimuli was transient and had no long-term sequelae in wild-type @entity19 . In contrast, these stimuli generated prolonged Ras signaling and led to @entity32 and precancerous @entity660 ( @entity660 ) in @entity19 expressing physiological levels of oncogenic @entity11518 . These effects of inflammatory stimuli were disrupted by deletion of inhibitor of NF-kB kinase 2 ( @entity28293 ) or inhibition of @entity10178 . Likewise, expression of active @entity28293 or @entity10178 or treatment with @entity558 generated @entity32 and @entity660 only in @entity19 expressing oncogenic @entity11518 . The data support the hypothesis that in the presence of oncogenic Ras, inflammatory stimuli trigger an NF-kB-mediated positive feedback mechanism involving @entity10178 that amplifies Ras activity to pathological levels. Because a large proportion of the adult @entity1 population possesses Ras mutations in tissues including colon, pancreas, and lung, disruption of this positive feedback loop may be an important strategy for @entity5 prevention.

title: An NF-kB pathway-mediated positive feedback loop amplifies Ras activity to pathological levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['PanINs', 'pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity137 and mutagenicity of @entity25832 , @entity30347 and the @entity1 -made ceramic (RCF-1) fibre were studied using the @entity1 -hamster hybrid A(L) cells. Results from these fibres were compared with those of UICC Rhodesian chrysotile fibres. The A(L) cell mutation assay, based on the S1 gene marker located on @entity1 chromosome 11, the only @entity1 chromosome contained in the hybrid cell, has been shown to be more sensitive than conventional assays in detecting deletion mutations. @entity25832 , @entity30347 and RCF-1 fibres were significantly less cytotoxic to A(L) cells than chrysotile. Mutagenesis studies at the @entity9996 locus revealed no significant mutant yield with any of these fibres. In contrast, both @entity30347 and @entity25832 induced dose-dependent S1- mutations in fibre-exposed cells, with the former inducing a significantly higher mutant yield than the latter fibre type. On the other hand, RCF-1 fibres were largely non-mutagenic. At equitoxic doses (cell survival at approximately 0.7), @entity30347 was found to be the most potent mutagen among the three fibres tested and at a level comparable to that of chrysotile fibres. These results indicate that RCF-1 fibres are non-genotoxic under the conditions used in the studies and suggest that the high mesothelioma incidence previously observed in hamster may either be a result of selective sensitivity of hamster pleura to fibre-induced chronic irritation or as a result of prolonged fibre treatment. Furthermore, the relatively high mutagenic potential for @entity30347 is consistent with its documented carcinogenicity.

title: Biological effects of naturally occurring and @entity1 -made fibres: in vitro @entity137 and mutagenesis in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity25832 :: ('MESH:C005846', 'Chemical') :: ['tremolite', 'Tremolite']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transient @entity63 attack, @entity64 and @entity64 recurrence need improved treatment but lack animal models for research. The aim was to modify photothrombosis methods thereby producing both a @entity64 (with adjacent mild damage) or a minor recurrent @entity64 . NEW METHOD: A @entity64 , as detected using magnetic resonance imaging and histology, was produced using a low intensity beam of white light with a bright centre, a low dose of Rose Bengal and a short 5min illumination of thinned skull. A recurrent @entity64 was produced by repeating the procedure two days later except the cortical mask was positioned 1.5mm posteriorly. RESULTS: The minor photothrombosis procedure produced a small superficial @entity1188 surrounded by a region of scattered @entity39 detected histologically. Marked hyperintensities in Diffusion weighted and T2 images identified the @entity1188 . Peri- @entity1188 regions with modest T2 increases corresponded to regions of scattered cell death. A recurrent minor photothrombosis produced additional damage in regions with overlapping mild injury. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: Previous photothrombosis methods usually produce large cortical @entity1188 with little penumbra. The current method produces small @entity1188 with diffuse mild peri- @entity1188 @entity63 injury that can be diagnosed using T2 imaging. CONCLUSIONS: The modified photothrombotic procedure will produce a @entity64 consisting of a small @entity1188 in a region with marked diffusion and T2 hyperintensities and a peri- @entity1188 region of selective @entity39 with modest T2 changes. Minor recurrent @entity64 is readily produced but imaging is key for assessing size and location of each insult.

title: Model of XXXX with Mild Peri-Infarct @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'minor stroke']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Minor Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the MRI findings of an entity in which @entity1 present with @entity158 , abnormal MR signal intensity of the quadratus femoris muscle, and narrowing of the ischiofemoral space. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed MR images of 12 hips in nine @entity1 with @entity158 and abnormal MR signal intensity of the quadratus femoris muscle. Using axial MR images, two musculoskeletal radiologists measured the ischiofemoral and quadratus femoris spaces. We also examined changes to muscles and tendons for the presence of @entity4 and tears. Data were compared with 11 hips in 10 control subjects. Statistical analyses determined interobserver variability and differences between groups. RESULTS: Subjects with an abnormal quadratus femoris muscle were all @entity1 30-71 years old (mean age, 53 years) and had significantly narrower ischiofemoral spaces when compared with control subjects (13 +/- 5 vs 23 +/- 8 mm, respectively; p = 0.002). The quadratus femoris space was significantly narrower in affected subjects (7 +/- 3 vs 12 +/- 4 mm; p = 0.002). @entity854 muscle included @entity4 (100%), partial tear (33%), and @entity1560 (8%). The hamstring tendons of affected subjects showed evidence of @entity4 (50%) and partial tears (25%). CONCLUSION: Ischiofemoral impingement may represent a cause of @entity158 and should be considered in cases with MR signal abnormality of quadratus femoris muscle.

title: Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome: an entity with XXXX and @entity854 muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of the quadratus femoris']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['hip pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether indices of social @entity1949 were related to the proportion of @entity5 @entity1 who died at home. METHODS: Data were derived from death registrations for all @entity5 deaths 1985-1994 in England. Two indices of @entity1949 (Underprivileged Area Score (UPA), or Jarman, and Townsend scores) were calculated for each electoral ward; 1991 Census data were used. The scores use combinations of variables, including the percentage in overcrowded homes, the percentage of elderly @entity1 living alone, the percentage of one-parent families, etc. A high score indicates more @entity1949 . The main outcome measures were the proportion (in five and ten year averages) of @entity5 deaths which occurred at home, calculated for every electoral ward (with populations usually ranging from 5000 to 11,000). Spearman rho was used to test for correlations between the proportion of @entity5 deaths at home and @entity1949 score. Electoral wards were categorized by @entity1949 score into three groups of equal size and analysed over 10 years. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the relative association of different @entity1 based and electoral ward variables with @entity5 at home. p < 0.05 (two-tailed) was taken as significant. RESULTS: There were over 1.3 million death registrations from @entity5 in the 10 years. The proportion who died at home was 0.27, in hospital 0.47, and other setting 0.26. There were wide variations (0.05-0.75) in the proportion of @entity1 who died at home in different electoral wards. Small inverse correlations were found between the percentage who died at home and the UPA (-0.35; p < 0.001) and Townsend (-0.26; p < 0.001) scores. The correlations were greatest in North Thames (-0.63, UPA) and smallest in West Midlands (-0.20, UPA). The proportion of home deaths for the different bands of @entity1949 were: 0.30 (low @entity1949 ), 0.27 (middle @entity1949 ) and 0.24 (high @entity1949 ). Plotting the trends over 10 years suggests no change in this relationship. Multiple regression analysis predicted several ward and @entity1 characteristics and accounted for 30 per cent of the variation. Increased age ( @entity1 variable), Jarman score and ethnic minorities (both ward variables) were associated with fewer @entity1 dying at home. Being male and having @entity5 of the digestive organs were associated with home death. CONCLUSION: There are wide variations in the percentage of @entity5 deaths at home in different electoral wards. Social factors are inversely correlated with home @entity5 , and may explain part of this variation. Home care in deprived areas may be especially difficult to achieve.

title: Do social factors affect where @entity1 die: an analysis of 10 years of XXXX deaths in England.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A progressive increase in the incidence of @entity2176 resistance in strains of @entity6375 (VREF) has severely constrained treatment options for @entity1 with @entity281 caused by this emerging pathogen. @entity11685 / @entity11686 (Synercid), the first injectable streptogramin antibiotic, is active in vitro against VREF, with an MIC90 of 1.0 mg/L. We studied the clinical efficacy and safety of @entity11685 / @entity11686 in the treatment of @entity281 . Two prospective studies were conducted simultaneously. The first enrolled only @entity1 with @entity281 ; the second included @entity1 with @entity281 caused by other gram-positive bacterial pathogens in addition to VREF. @entity1 were enrolled if they had signs and symptoms of @entity281 and no appropriate alternative antibiotic therapy. The recommended treatment regimen of @entity11685 / @entity11686 was 7.5 mg/kg i.v. every 8 h for a duration judged appropriate by the investigator. A total of 396 @entity1 with @entity281 were enrolled. The most frequent indications for treatment included @entity1320 , @entity582 of unknown origin, urinary tract @entity281 , @entity1212 , and skin and skin structure @entity281 . This @entity1 population had a high prevalence of severe underlying illness, including a history of @entity6 , transplantation, mechanical ventilation, dialysis, chronic @entity409 with @entity82 and @entity74 . The mean (+/- S.D.) duration of treatment was 14.5 +/- 10.7 days (range: 1-108). The majority of @entity1 (82.1%) were treated every 8 h, as assessed on day 2 of treatment, while 15.9% were treated every 12 h. The clinical success rate was 73.6% [142/193 clinically evaluable @entity1 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 67.4%, 79.8%], the bacteriological success rate 70.5% (110/156 bacteriologically evaluable @entity1 ; 95% CI: 63.4%, 77.7%) and the overall success (both clinical and bacteriological success) rate 65.8% (102/156 bacteriologically evaluable @entity1 ; 95% CI: 57.9%, 72.9%). VREF @entity582 at entry, mechanical ventilation and laparotomy were associated with a worse outcome. @entity11685 / @entity11686 was generally well tolerated. The most common systemic adverse events related to treatment were @entity4841 (9.1%) and @entity925 (6.6%). Related @entity854 were infrequent. In these severely ill @entity1 with @entity281 and no other clinically appropriate therapeutic alternatives, @entity11685 / @entity11686 demonstrated substantial efficacy and a good nervous system, @entity344 .

title: The efficacy and safety of @entity11685 / @entity11686 for the treatment of @entity281 caused by @entity2176 -resistant XXXX . Synercid Emergency-Use Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic tolerability']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['active infection', 'infection', 'VREF infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecium']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['oncological disorders']

entities_list: @entity11685 :: ('MESH:C113825', 'Chemical') :: ['quinupristin', 'Quinupristin']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity11686 :: ('MESH:C113826', 'Chemical') :: ['dalfopristin']

answer: @entity6375 :: (1352,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risks of complications in @entity1 undergoing pneumonectomy after preoperative chemotherapy for @entity1149 remain controversial. We reviewed a consecutive series of @entity1 having undergone pneumonectomy in a single centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 292 @entity1 operated from January 1, 1998 through December 31, 2008. Group 1 included @entity1 those who received preoperative chemotherapy and pneumonectmy (57 @entity1 , 19%), and group 2 included @entity1 who underwent pneumonectomy alone (235 @entity1 , 81%). The main objectives were 30-day and 90-day mortality rates, and major @entity260 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in @entity1 ' age, gender, cardiovascular co morbidity, histology and side of pneumonectomy between these two groups. Overall 30-days and 90-days mortality rates were 5.5 % and 8.6%, respectively. Postoperative mortality at 30 days was 5.2% in group 1 and 5.6 % in group 2 (p = 0.16), and 10.5% for group 1 and 8.1% in group 2 at 90 days (p = 0.8). Incidence of @entity3509 was 5.2% in group 1 and 3.0% in group 2 (p = 0.12); incidence of @entity292 was 3.5 % in group 1 and 3.0% in group 2 (p = 0.10); incidence of @entity1576 was 3.4% in group 1 and 3.0% in group 2 (p = 0.75). CONCLUSION: Preoperative chemotherapy does not significantly increase postoperative morbidity and early mortality after pneumonectomy in our experience.

title: [Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on XXXX following pneumonectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative respiratory failure']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a program of intervention by pharmacists on lipid risk management in @entity1 at high risk for cardiovascular events. METHODS: Randomized, multicenter (44 sites in Alberta and Saskatchewan) study of community pharmacist intervention versus usual care in 1000 @entity1 . @entity1 are those at high risk of vascular events (existing @entity731 , or @entity6 with > or = 1 other risk factor). After obtaining consent, the pharmacist calls the Project Office to randomize. @entity1 allocated to intervention receive a brochure and education about cardiovascular risk factors. Pharmacists also complete a physician contact form, which lists the @entity1 's risk factors, medications, and any recommendations. A point-of-care @entity165 test is performed, the result is discussed with the @entity1 , and it is entered on the contact form. If appropriate, the @entity1 is asked to see his or her primary care physician for further assessment and/or treatment, and the form is faxed to the physician. @entity1 are followed up at two, four, eight, 12, and 16 weeks. During follow-up visits, pharmacists provide educational reinforcement and check for primary end point occurrence. @entity1 allocated to usual care receive the brochure only, with minimal follow-up. The primary end point is a composite of measurement of a complete lipid panel by the physician, or addition or modification of lipid-lowering drug therapy. Substudies will evaluate economics (third-party payer and pharmacy manager perspective), @entity1 satisfaction, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: SCRIP (Study of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention by Pharmacists) is a unique ongoing trial that is evaluating a community pharmacist intervention designed to optimize @entity165 risk management in @entity1 at high risk for cardiovascular events.

title: Study of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention by Pharmacists (SCRIP): a randomized trial design of the effect of a community pharmacist intervention program on serum XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: A 20-year-old @entity1 was admitted to a Gynecology Hospital in her 6(th) month of pregnancy for high blood pressure and @entity410 . Primary diagnosis was @entity3036 , and for that reason she underwent cesarean section. She also had @entity10 on frontal and parietal areas without @entity390 or @entity391 . There was not a focal neurological sign. Rheumatology consultation was requested. @entity1252 and secondary @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) was confirmed. The @entity1 had @entity10 that continued several days after cesarean section, therefore, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) were performed, and @entity5892 was documented. Distal segment of right lateral sinus and sigmoid sinus were not appeared in brain MRV. Abnormal hypersignal intensity of right lateral sinus/coronal T2 was detected. Thrombolytic therapy with 20 mg tissue plasminogen activator on right sigmoid and transverse sinus was performed by an interventional neurologist. After this procedure, the @entity1 (')s @entity10 healed and she was discharged in a @entity558 .

title: Thrombolytic therapy for XXXX in @entity1701 secondary to @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity5892 :: (MESH:D020767,Disease) :: ['cerebral vein thrombosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several studies conducted in African countries reported the @entity506 and @entity16944 ( @entity5427 /AQ) tablet as a safe and well-tolerated anti-malarial drug in @entity1 and younger adults. The aim of this case series assessment was to assess the causal relationship between the @entity5427 /AQ tablet and extrapyramidal reactions in @entity1 and younger adults and to investigate the factor(s) predisposing to the adverse drug reactions. METHODS: The causal relationship of all the cases was first assessed individually using the Naranjo Probability Scale and then subjected to a case series assessment using Austin Bradford-Hill criteria. RESULTS: A total of 43 acute extrapyramidal reactions associated with the @entity5427 /AQ tablet were reported between 2012 and 16 November, 2015 to the Eritrean Pharmacovigilance Centre. The causality was found to be probable or highly probable for 33 (76.7  %) of the cases and the rest (10; 23.3  %) of the cases had a possible causal association. The extrapyramidal reactions had more or less similar clinical features in most of the cases and were characterized by abnormal involuntary contractions of muscles. The median age and body weight of the cases were 15  years and 40  kg, respectively, and 70  % of them were males. 90.7% of the reactions manifested in @entity1 and younger adults (aged <26  years). In most of the cases, reactions manifested in the third day from the start of treatment and 88.3  % of cases were hospitalized. CONCLUSION: The causal relationship between the @entity5427 /AQ tablet and extrapyramidal reactions in @entity1 and younger adults was found to be apparent and possibly owing to dose accumulation or an @entity1445 of @entity16944 .

title: XXXX / @entity16944 -Induced Acute Extrapyramidal Reactions in @entity1 and Younger Adults: Case Series Assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity16944 :: ('MESH:D000655', 'Chemical') :: ['amodiaquine']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

answer: @entity506 :: (MESH:C039726,Chemical) :: ['Artesunate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7593 with @entity8 , found in Europe, is an acute @entity1800 due to the @entity9673 . The disease is characterized by the triad of symptoms: sudden, febrile onset, @entity810 and @entity548 . The range of @entity9673 in @entity1 has not been yet established on the territory of Poland. The medical literature described 18 cases of seropositive @entity7594 in Poland--mainly in the district of Sanok, and single cases in the districts of: Brzoz  w, D  bica, Krosno, Lesko, Przemy  l and Stalowa Wola. AIM: The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis, assuming that @entity1 hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology, located in the Regional Hospital in Przemy  l were infected with hantavirus and had @entity7594 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Due to the fact that @entity1 selected for the study were not tested serologically, verification was based on statistical comparison of the retrospectively selected group of @entity1 suspected of @entity7594 with the seropositive group described in the study of Nowakowska, Heyman, Knap et al. in 2009, in terms of individual symptoms prevalence in conjunction with the structure of selected clinical and epidemiological parameters. RESULTS: 26 individuals with @entity177 and @entity683 -like episode of several-day fever of unknown origin were indentified on the base of the retrospectively analyzed records of the @entity1 hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology in Przemy  l between 2001-2011. The significant differences in age, frequency of selected laboratory parameters (platelet count, serum electrolytes) and @entity1458 were not found in both compared groups. However, the study group included the higher percentage of @entity1 . Additionally, the differences in prevalence of symptoms (cough, @entity294 ), which are not considered specific for @entity7594 were detected. Analogously to the reference group, seasonal morbidity was observed also in the study group, but the peak intensity was delayed for 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis cannot be rejected that, the group analyzed in the prestent study, hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology in the Regional Hospital in Przemy  l--is the sample of @entity1 with @entity7594 (similarly to the group described by Nowakowska et al.). The cases described in this study can be considered as suspected of @entity7594 . It is justifiable to perform serological testing in these individuals.

title: New cases of suspected @entity7594 ( XXXX ) in south-eastern Poland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic diathesis']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['HFRS--hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity9673 :: ('MESH:D018778', 'Disease') :: ['hantavirus infections', 'hantavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral zoonosis']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity9673 :: (MESH:D018778,Disease) :: ['Hantavirus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate screening and diagnostic accuracy for the detection of osteoblastic rib lesions using an advanced post-processing package enabling in-plane rib reading in CT-images. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the CT-data of 60 consecutive @entity263 @entity1 by applying dedicated software enabling in-plane rib reading. Reading the conventional multiplanar reconstructions was considered to be the reference standard. To simulate clinical practice, the reader was given 10  s to screen for @entity75 in each @entity1 applying both approaches. Afterwards, every rib was evaluated individually with both approaches without a time limit. Sensitivities, specificities, positive/negative predictive values and the time needed for detection were calculated depending on the lesion's size (largest diameter   <   5  mm, 5-10  mm, > 10  mm). RESULTS: In 53 of 60 @entity1 , all ribs were properly displayed in plane, in five @entity1 ribs were partially displayed correctly, and in two @entity1 none of the ribs were displayed correctly. During the 10-s screening approach all @entity1 with @entity75 were correctly identified reading the in-plane images (including the @entity1 without a correct rib segmentation), whereas 14 of 23 @entity1 were correctly identified reading conventional multiplanar images. Overall screening sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values were 100/27.0/46.0/100  %, respectively, for in-plane reading and 60.9/100/100/80.4  %, respectively, for multiplanar reading. Overall diagnostic (no time limit) sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values of in-plane reading were 97.8/92.8/74.6/99.5  %, respectively. False positive results predominantly occurred for lesions   <5  mm in size. CONCLUSIONS: In-plane reading of the ribs allows reliable detection of osteoblastic lesions for screening purposes. The limited specificity results from false positives predominantly occurring for small lesions.

title: XXXX screening with an advanced post-processing package enabling in-plane rib reading in CT-images.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic rib lesions']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Osteoblastic lesion']


abstract: This study investigated @entity393 in chilled beef (hot-boned m. longissimus lumborum (LL)) under conventional packaging systems, in which a vacuum is applied, and non-vacuum packaging systems. The use of vacuum during the packaging process (vacuum packaging, @entity515 atmosphere packaging) was associated with increased drip. Drip was lower in heat-shrunk vacuum packaging than in non-shrunk vacuum packaging. A slow vacuum onset had no effect on drip formation, or may have increased it. The extent of pressure reduction (vacuum; range 0-1 atm) did not significantly affect drip formation, although the standard vacuum pressure (0 atm) tended to cause more @entity551 . The three non-vacuum anaerobic packaging systems tested were: flushed with @entity544 without the pressure being reduced below atmospheric (Flush), or the same system with no @entity515 flush but a proprietary @entity26 absorber added (Scavenger), or a combination of both (Flush/Scavenger). Storage was at -1.5   C for up to 20 weeks. The Flush and Flush/Scavenger systems had considerably lower @entity393 than the CAP standard system (6.4%, 6.5%, and 9.1% respectively); the Scavenger system had the lowest @entity393 (5.2%). Drip losses generally increased with storage period, irrespective of packaging system. All non-vacuum packaging systems except the Flush system had very low @entity26 levels (<0.l% v v ). The Flush system had considerably higher levels of @entity26 (0.9%) with associated browning of meat samples. All packaging systems gave a hygienic shelf-life of at least 16 weeks. At 16 weeks, microbial numbers were highest (5   10(6)) in the Scavenger system. The meat from all packaging systems was acceptable to taste panels even after 16 weeks of storage at -1.5   C. There were no significant differences between any of the packaging systems for any of the sensory attributes tested. The packaging systems with the best all round performance were the Flush/Scavenger and the Scavenger systems, depending on the storage-life required.

title: The effects of non-vacuum packaging systems on XXXX from chilled beef.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['drip loss']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['drip loss than higher pressures']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['drip loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of @entity120 ( @entity120 ). However, the pathways targeted by miRNAs in @entity120 have not been systematically investigated. We aim to identify dysregulated miRNAs for @entity1 with @entity814 ( @entity814 ). miRNA profiling was performed on lung tissue total RNA from eight @entity814 @entity1 and eight control subjects. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used for validation of miRNA and mRNA expression levels in 14 @entity814 @entity1 and 14 control subjects. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling is among the top @entity120 -related pathways enriched in target genes of dysregulated miRNAs. We confirmed the significant increased expression levels of five miRNAs (let-7a-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-27b-3p, @entity16446 and @entity33969 ) targeting major @entity120 -related pathways. Moreover, qRT-PCR validation of Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway activation indicated multiple genes including receptors ( @entity13034 , @entity13035 ), core molecule ( @entity3546 ), and downstream targets ( @entity4910 , @entity7 , and @entity18609 ) were significantly upregulated. The expression level of miR-199b-5p was positively correlated with @entity1 ' hemodynamics (PVR: r   =   0.522,  p   =   0.038) and @entity6980 (muscularization: r   =   0.540,  p   =   0.021). We confirmed overexpression of miR-199b-5p in @entity519 pulmonary arterial endothelial cells that negatively regulates @entity9459 expression. In summary, miRNAs influence the pathogenesis of @entity120 by regulating major @entity120 -related pathways including Wnt/ @entity3546 in end-stage @entity814 . KEY MESSAGE: It is the first miRNA profiling study in lung tissue from end-stage @entity814 . We identified dysregulated miRNAs and major pathways (e.g., Wnt signaling) in @entity814 . Levels of miRNA expression were correlated with hemodynamics and pathological changes. We observed aberrant expression of target genes in the Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway. miRNAs influence the pathogenesis of @entity120 by regulating major @entity120 -related pathways.

title: Identifying microRNAs targeting Wnt/ XXXX pathway in end-stage idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['IPAH', 'idiopathic PAH']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular remodeling']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['b-catenin']