abstract: PURPOSE: Radiation-induced @entity3136 limits the delivery of high-dose radiation to @entity135 . This study investigated the effectiveness of @entity12919 (EC), a component of green tea extracts, on radiation-induced @entity3136 in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The effect of EC on radiation-induced @entity137 was analyzed in the @entity1 keratinocyte line HaCaT. Radiation-induced apoptosis, change in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation and changes in the signaling pathway were investigated. In vivo therapeutic effects of EC for @entity3136 were explored in a @entity35 model. @entity35 were monitored by daily inspections of the oral cavity, amount of oral intake, weight change and survival rate. For histopathologic evaluation, @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining and TUNEL staining were performed. RESULTS: EC significantly inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis, change of MMP, and intracellular ROS generation in HaCaT cells. EC treatment markedly attenuated the expression of p-JNK, p-38, and cleaved caspase-3 after irradiation in the HaCaT cells. @entity35 with radiation-induced @entity3136 showed @entity1697 , weight and survival rate, but oral administration of EC significantly restored all three parameters. Histopathologic changes were significantly decreased in the EC-treated irradiated @entity35 . TUNEL staining of @entity35 oral mucosa revealed that EC treatment significantly decreased radiation-induced apoptotic cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that EC significantly inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes and @entity35 oral mucosa and may be a safe and effective candidate treatment for the prevention of radiation-induced @entity33 .

title: Effect of @entity12919 against radiation-induced XXXX : in vitro and in vivo study.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['decreased oral intake']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12919 :: ('MESH:D002392', 'Chemical') :: ['epicatechin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['oral mucositis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively report a 12-month follow up for combined therapy with systemic @entity205 ( @entity10002 ) and @entity618 (MM) in treatment of @entity1 with @entity23612 ( @entity23612 ). @entity1 : Ninety-eight eyes of @entity1 who received @entity10002 for the treatment of @entity23612 were included in the study. METHODS: All @entity1 were followed for at least five visits during the study, or until treatment failure, or loss of follow-up. Clinical data were analysed using a Student paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, McNemar's test, and Kaplan -Meier survival curve. Side effects related to therapy were also recorded. Main outcome measures included best-corrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, vitreous @entity32 , @entity941 angiography pathologic features, and electroretinogram recordings. RESULTS: Vitreous @entity32 scores at baseline and at 1 year were statistically significantly reduced in both eyes (p<0.001; p=0.001). The presence of angiographic leakage at the 1-year follow-up was significantly reduced (p=0.004). However, the presence of @entity4 (p=0.32) and comparison of electroretinogram 30-Hz amplitude revealed no significant reduction between baseline and 1-year values for either eye (p=0.61, p=0.87); nonetheless, 30-Hz implicit times were statistically significantly shorter at the end of follow-up for both eyes (p<0.001, p=0.035). Thirty-one @entity1 (67.4%) achieved @entity32 control at the 1-year endpoint. Side effects were transient, and resolved after lowering or withholding IMT for a few weeks in the majority of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that combined IMT with @entity10002 for @entity23612 is well tolerated and associated with long-term control of @entity32 .

title: Combined therapy of @entity205 and @entity618 for the treatment of XXXX : a 12-month follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity23612 :: ('MESH:C537630', 'Disease') :: ['birdshot retinochoroidopathy', 'BSRC']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity23612 :: (MESH:C537630,Disease) :: ['birdshot retinochoroidopathy']


abstract: 101 @entity1 with @entity130 were treated during the period 1978 to 1988. They included 76 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 aged between 16 and 85 years, with a mean age of 38 years 6 months. Exclusively @entity75 were present in 33 cases (32.67%) and @entity75 were also present in 68 cases (67.33%). 61 cases (60.39%) suffered from @entity1230 . 97 @entity1 underwent laparotomy, 86 (85.1%) subsequently underwent total splenectomy and 11 (10.8%) conservative surgical treatment (10 partial splenectomies and 1 splenorrhaphy). Four @entity1 did not undergo surgery and were kept under surveillance in a surgical ward for 3 weeks. The majority of partial splenectomies were carried out after 1985 though the first was performed in 1981. There was no operative mortality and post-operative mortality was 9.9% (10 deaths). The overall mean duration of hospitalisation was 20.2 days: 15.6 days for @entity1 who underwent partial splenectomy, 19.6 days for @entity1 who underwent total splenectomy and 21 days for cases involving simple surveillance. Operative complications occurred in 28 @entity1 who underwent laparotomy. Complications did not occur in the 4 @entity1 who received simple surveillance. The most frequent complications were @entity295 , @entity55 , @entity887 and four @entity1 required reoperation for hemoperitoneum. Conservative surgical treatment is increasingly being used in @entity130 . The criteria for avoidance of surgical intervention remain difficult to define at the present time.

title: [Treatment of XXXX . Retrospective study of 101 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony or visceral lesions', 'splenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Confirmed H1N1 cases during late spring and summer 2009 in various countries showed a substantial age shift between importations and local transmission cases, with adults mainly responsible for seeding unaffected regions and @entity1 most frequently driving community outbreaks. METHODS: We introduce a multi-host stochastic metapopulation model with two age classes to analytically investigate the role of a heterogeneously mixing population and its associated non-homogeneous travel behaviors on the risk of a major @entity3082 . We inform the model with demographic data, contact data and travel statistics of Europe and Mexico, and calibrate it to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic early outbreak. We allow for variations of the model parameters to explore the conditions of invasion under different scenarios. RESULTS: We derive the expression for the potential of global invasion of the @entity3082 that depends on the transmissibility of the pathogen, the transportation network and mobility features, the demographic profile and the mixing pattern. Higher assortativity in the contact pattern greatly increases the probability of spatial containment of the @entity3082 , this effect being contrasted by an increase in the social activity of adults vs. @entity1 . Heterogeneous features of the mobility network characterizing its topology and traffic flows strongly favor the invasion of the pathogen at the spatial level, as also a larger fraction of @entity1 traveling. Variations in the demographic profile and mixing habits across countries lead to heterogeneous outbreak situations. Model results are compatible with the H1N1 spatial transmission dynamics observed. CONCLUSIONS: This work illustrates the importance of considering age-dependent mixing profiles and mobility features coupled together to study the conditions for the spatial invasion of an emerging @entity683 pandemic. Its results allow the immediate assessment of the risk of a major @entity3082 for a specific scenario upon availability of data, and the evaluation of the potential effectiveness of public health interventions targeting specific age groups, their interactions and mobility behaviors. The approach provides a general modeling framework that can be used for other types of partitions of the host population and applied to different settings.

title: Age-specific contacts and travel patterns in the spatial spread of 2009 H1N1 XXXX pandemic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Aloe vera (L.) Burm. fil. (= A. barbadensis Miller) (Liliaceae) is native to North Africa and also cultivated in @entity233 . Aloes have long been used all over the world for their various medicinal properties. In the past 15 years, there have been controversial reports on the hypoglycaemic activity of Aloe species, probably due to differences in the parts of the plant used or to the model of @entity6 chosen. In this study, separate experiments on three main groups of @entity35 , namely, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), type I ( @entity1723 ) and type II ( @entity2175 ) @entity6 @entity35 were carried out. A. vera leaf pulp and gel extracts were ineffective on lowering the blood sugar level of @entity6 @entity35 . A. vera leaf pulp extract showed hypoglycaemic activity on @entity1723 and @entity2175 @entity35 , the effectiveness being enhanced for @entity2175 in comparison with @entity5217 . On the contrary, A. vera leaf gel extract showed hyperglycaemic activity on @entity2175 @entity35 . It may therefore be concluded that the pulps of Aloe vera leaves devoid of the gel could be useful in the treatment of @entity2175

title: Effect of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II XXXX @entity35 models.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus', 'NIDDM', 'type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'non-diabetic', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: All-terrain vehicle ( @entity11254 ) crashes and @entity130 have become an increasing concern for the medical community. After the expiration of federal guidelines in 1998, the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission has tracked an increasing incidence of usage and injury. This retrospective review of data from a Level I @entity130 center presents @entity11254 crash-related injury prevalence, type, and location sustained in central Kentucky and compares the data with previous reports. METHODS: @entity1 demographics, helmet and @entity167 use, insurance type, @entity130 and location, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, @entity177 ( @entity177 ), duration of hospital stay, days in an intensive care unit (ICU), internal disposition, and discharge destination were analyzed among individuals who had sustained @entity11254 crash-related @entity130 between January 1998 and December 2003. RESULTS: @entity1 were primarily male (85.4%), white (98%), resided in a rural county (85.1%), and relied on commercial insurance (36.2%) or self-pay (31.4%) for medical expenses. @entity167 use before injury was documented for 25% and 85.5% were not wearing a helmet. Rollover was the primary @entity11254 crash mechanism (63.3%) and 52.1% of @entity1 lost consciousness. Of 707 total @entity130 , 319 (45.1%) were @entity174 or @entity3029 with the spine (26%), ribs (24.1%), clavicle (6%), radius-ulna (5.3%), and tibia-fibula (4.7%) being the most common locations. Admitted @entity1 were hospitalized for 8.1+/-12.7 days (range=0-127 days), 42% were transferred to the standard care ward, 28.2% spent 8.4+/-7.7 days (range=1-34 days) in the ICU, and 18.6% were taken directly to the operating room. At discharge 78.2% of @entity1 went home, 12.8% were transferred to a rehabilitation facility, 4.8% died, and 3.2% were transferred to another hospital. @entity1 who never lost consciousness or who were discharged to home had lower ISSs and greater composite and component GCS and @entity177 scores. CONCLUSION: Almost half of all @entity1 sustained one @entity174 or @entity2720 with the spine being the most prevalent location. Injury severity, the low number referred to rehabilitation facilities, and predominantly rural residence locations suggests that many may not be accessing needed healthcare services. Prospective longitudinal outcome studies are needed to assess @entity1 functional independence, quality of life, and health care system effectiveness.

title: Orthopedic XXXX from recreational all-terrain vehicle use in central Kentucky: a 6-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma', 'injury type']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Alternative respiratory pathway was investigated in @entity579 seedlings grown under total darkness, light/dark cycle, or continuous light. The capacity of the alternative pathway was relatively higher in leaves that had longer light exposure. An analysis of @entity579 AOX1 multigene family revealed that AOX1c, but not AOX1a and AOX1b, had a light-independent expression. The alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitor, @entity33904 ( @entity33904 , 1mM), inhibited nearly 68% of the capacity of the alternative pathway in leaves grown under different light conditions. The plants grown under different light periods were treated with @entity33904 and then were exposed to illumination for 4h. The transition from dark to 4h of light stimulated the capacity of alternative pathway in etiolated @entity579 seedlings and in those grown under light/dark cycle, whereas the capacity of the alternative pathway was constant in seedlings grown under continuous light with additional 4h of illumination. Etiolated leaves did not show any @entity515 fixation after 4h of illumination, and the increase in @entity38 content was delayed by the @entity33904 pretreatment. When seedlings grown under light/dark cycle were moved from dark and exposed to 4h of light, increases in @entity38 content and @entity515 fixation rate were reduced by @entity33904 . Although these parameters were stable in plants grown under continuous light, @entity33904 decreased @entity515 fixation rate but not the @entity38 content. These results indicate that the role and regulation of AOX in light are determined by the developmental stage of plant photosynthetic apparatus.

title: The flexible interrelation between AOX respiratory pathway and photosynthesis in XXXX leaves.

entities_list: @entity33904 :: ('MESH:C005703', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylhydroxamic acid', 'SHAM']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: Due to lack of satisfactory tracheal substitutes, reconstruction of @entity1347 (>6 cm) is always a major challenge in @entity825 surgery. @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) provides a promising approach to address this challenge, but no breakthrough has been achieved yet in @entity1347 . The longest survival time only reached 60 days. The leading reasons for the failure of segmental tracheal defect reconstruction were mainly related to @entity1224 (caused by the overgrowth of granulation tissue), airway collapse (caused by cartilage softening) and mucous impaction (mainly caused by lack of epithelium). To address these problems, the current study proposed an improved strategy, which involved in vitro pre-culture, in vivo maturation, and pre-vascularization of @entity3145 grafts as well as the use of @entity1346 stent. The results demonstrated that the two-step strategy of in vitro pre-culture plus in vivo implantation could successfully regenerate tubular cartilage with a mechanical strength similar to native @entity825 in immunocompetent animals. The use of @entity1346 stents effectively depressed granulation overgrowth, prevented @entity1224 , and thus dramatically enhanced the survival rate at the early stage post-operation. Most importantly, through intramuscular implantation and transplantation with pedicled muscular flap, the @entity3145 grafts established stable blood supply, which guaranteed maintenance of tubular cartilage structure and function, accelerated epithelialization of @entity3145 grafts, and thus realized long-term functional reconstruction of segmental tracheal defects. The integration of all these improved strategies finally realized long-term survival of animals: 60% of @entity95 survived over 6 months. The current improved strategy provided a promising approach for long-term functional reconstruction of long segmental tracheal defect.

title: Long-term functional reconstruction of segmental tracheal defect by pedicled tissue-engineered @entity825 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Tissue-engineered trachea', 'TET']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['long segmental tracheal defects', 'repairing segmental tracheal defect']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway stenosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: @entity4536 due to @entity3667 is a serious public health problem in Algeria. On average, 10,000 new cases are reported every year among the 15 million @entity1 at risk of @entity281 . With an annual incidence of 561.8 per 100,000 inhabitants, M'Sila has seen the worst outbreak of the disease in Algeria since the historic outbreak in Biskra. The main reservoir of the disease is Psammomys obesus, a gerbil that feeds exclusively on Chenopodiaceae, a salt-tolerant plant under which it makes its burrow. Removing these plants around houses within a radius of 300 meters is one of the most effective control measures. As part of a social program of public works, a pilot project aimed at controlling the disease was undertaken in 2003 in the five worst affected cities in M'Sila. 396 unemployed young @entity1 were recruited to remove the plants before the transmission season. Over 3,600 hectares were treated. The number of cases decreased from 1,391 in 2003 to 965 in 2004 (31% reduction). These measures need to be implemented in all endemic areas of the country to better assess their effectiveness in preventing the disease.

title: [A social program for the control of zoonotic XXXX in M'Sila, Algeria].

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Symptomatic large @entity1143 (>25% of hemithorax) are sometimes diagnosed after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Their incidence and outcome have not been fully described. This study aims to discuss the prevalence and the clinical course in @entity1 diagnosed with symptomatic newly developed large @entity1143 at least 30 days after CABG. METHODS: A retrospective study of 410 @entity1 who underwent CABG over a three and a half year period was undertaken. The type of surgery, timing of occurrence of effusion after CABG, amount and characteristics of the @entity1143 , left ventricular dimension and ejection fraction were obtained from medical records and cardiac surgery databases. RESULTS: The records of 356 @entity1 1 month post CABG were available for evaluation. The initial diagnosis of a newly developed symptomatic large @entity1143 was made in 11 @entity1 (3.1%) at least 30 days after CABG. Eight had a @entity1143 predominantly on the left side and three on the right. @entity1 were further divided into two groups: those who had effusions diagnosed between 30 and 90 days post CABG (group 1) and those diagnosed more than 90 days post-CABG (group 2). The pleural fluid LDH levels were higher in @entity1 in group 1 (1262.0 +/- 921.3 U/L vs. 117.5 +/- 35.1 U/L, P = 0.02). @entity1 in group 2 had evidence of @entity299 compared with those in group 1, as evidenced by a lower ejection fraction (68.8 +/- 6.0% vs. 52.0 +/- 10.6% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P = 0.01) and higher left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (45.2 +/- 6.0 mm vs. 55.3 +/- 8.4 mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of symptomatic newly developed large @entity1143 first diagnosed at more than 30 days post CABG was 3.1%. Those who were diagnosed between 30 and 90 days post CABG tended to have exudative effusions, whereas those diagnosed more than 90 days post CABG often had left @entity67 and transudative effusions. Most of these effusions settled with conservative management and did not recur.

title: Prevalence of symptomatic large XXXX first diagnosed more than 30 days after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular impairment']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac impairment']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 (NETs) are rare @entity11809 . Whereas early surgical resection can significantly reduce @entity5 mass, there are few data available concerning the control of hormonal secretion and associated symptoms. Studies have shown that the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity2240 significantly prolongs progression-free survival in @entity1 with pancreatic NETs. Here, we present 2 case reports of @entity2240 in @entity1 with different types of NETs. METHODS: The @entity1 were a 12-year-old @entity1 with metastatic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing @entity5 ( @entity11563 ) and a 70-year-old @entity1 with metastatic @entity1823 /NET. Both were treated in an outpatient clinical setting. @entity2240 was titrated to 37.5 mg on a continuous daily dosing schedule in the @entity1 with @entity11563 , and the dose was 50 mg/d (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off) in the @entity1 with the @entity1823 /NET. RESULTS: The @entity1 with the @entity1823 /NET had a confirmed complete radiographic response and the @entity1 with @entity11563 had a confirmed partial response (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 ). In both @entity1 , improvements were observed in biochemical @entity5 markers, clinical responses, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: In these @entity1 , @entity2240 reduced biochemical markers and stabilized or reduced @entity5 bulk and may therefore be a potential therapeutic option for these @entity5 types.

title: @entity2240 for the treatment of metastatic @entity1823 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing @entity5 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity11809 :: ('MESH:D009423', 'Disease') :: ['tumors of the endocrine and nervous systems']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity11563 :: (MESH:D003969,Disease) :: ['VIPoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Protein-bound polysaccharide K is an immunotherapeutic agent that promotes apoptosis by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB activation in @entity5 cells. We previously showed that oncogenic @entity3546 activates nuclear factor-kappaB and inhibits apoptosis by up-regulating beta-transducin repeat-containing protein. We investigated whether the activation state of @entity3546 in the @entity5 is associated with differences in survival rates of @entity1 with @entity694 undergoing immunochemotherapy with @entity1487 plus polysaccharide K vs. chemotherapy with @entity1487 alone. METHODS: We assessed the activation states of @entity3546 and nuclear factor-kappaB in the @entity5 of 202 @entity694 @entity1 , and analyzed the data in terms of the clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of @entity1 undergoing the two forms of adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: We found two distinct patterns of nuclear accumulation of activated @entity3546 in the @entity5 cells: diffuse nuclear accumulation in 89 cases (44 percent) and selective nuclear accumulation at the @entity5 invasion front in 18 cases (9 percent). Nuclear factor-kappaB activation was found in 64 cases (32 percent). In @entity1 with diffuse nuclear accumulation-type @entity3546 activation, immunochemotherapy significantly improved recurrence-free survival, @entity5 death survival, and overall survival rates compared with @entity1 receiving chemotherapy alone. No survival benefit was found in cases with nuclear accumulation at the @entity5 invasion front-type @entity3546 activation or no activation. Similarly, immunochemotherapy favored the survival of @entity1 with nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Multivariate analysis established the TNM stage and administration of polysaccharide K as independent prognostic factors in the @entity1 with diffuse nuclear accumulation-type @entity3546 activation. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of diffuse nuclear accumulation-type @entity3546 activation identifies @entity1 with @entity694 who respond better to immunotherapy with polysaccharide K.

title: Adjuvant immunochemotherapy with protein-bound polysaccharide K for @entity694 in relation to oncogenic XXXX activation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['beta-catenin']


abstract: A 61-year-old @entity1 began to suffer @entity565 in 1985. She then developed @entity1643 and @entity1183 along the lower extremities, eventually leading to bilateral drop foot in 1990. At that time, she was diagnosed as having lumbar disc @entity547 , and extirpation of the discs at the @entity6357 and L4-5 was performed. However, her clinical condition showed little improvement. Six months later, she was emaciated and bedridden with distal dominant @entity2057 in all four limbs, purpura in the left leg and @entity5441 . Motor conduction velocity (MCV) was not detected in the peroneal nerves. The toes gradually became cyanotic, and a skin biopsy from the cyanotic region revealed @entity39 in the vessels surrounded by infiltration of a large number of neutrocytes and lymphocytes. She was diagnosed as having @entity4216 multiplex due to @entity56 ( @entity56 ), which is characterized by @entity565 , @entity1712 and @entity1333 . Thirty mg/day @entity617 was then administered. However, the toes and calcaneal areas gradually became necrosed. Finally, amputation of both feet was necessary. We concluded that an early diagnosis of this syndrome is most important, and corticosteroids should be administered early.

title: Peripheral neuropathy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophils']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['AGA', 'allergic granulomatous angiitis']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuritis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic granulomatous angiitis']


abstract: @entity580 are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units. Central line-associated blood stream @entity281 (CLABSI) and @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) are costly, preventable @entity281 targeted for eradication by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. After evaluation of current practice and areas for improvement, neonatal-specific CLABSI and @entity2489 bundles were developed and implemented on the basis of available best evidence. The overall goal was to reduce @entity281 rates at or below benchmarks set by National Healthcare Safety Network. All neonates with central lines (umbilical or percutaneous) and/or @entity1 who were endotracheally intubated were included. All @entity1 were risk stratified on the basis of weight per National Healthcare Safety Network reporting requirements: less than 750 g, 751-1000 g, 1001-1500 g, 1501-2500 g, and greater than 2500 g. The research was conducted as a quality improvement study. Neonatal-specific educational modules were developed by neonatal nurse leaders for CLABSI and @entity2489 . Bundle development entailed combining select interventions, mainly from the adult literature, that the nurse leaders believed would reduce @entity281 rates. Nursing practice guidelines and supply carts were updated to ensure understanding, compliance, and convenience. A CLABSI checklist was initiated and used at the time of line insertion by the nurse to ensure standardized @entity281 control practices. Compliance audits were performed by nurse leaders weekly on intubated @entity1 to validate @entity2489 bundle implementation. CLABSI and @entity2489 bundle compliance was audited and @entity281 rates were measured before and after both bundle implementations following strict National Healthcare Safety Network inclusion criteria for @entity2489 . The reduction in CLABSI elicited 84 fewer hospital days, estimated cost savings of  348,000, a 92% reduction in CLABSI (preintervention to postintervention), and a reduction in central line days by 27%. The reduction in @entity2489 resulted in 72 fewer hospital days, estimated cost savings of  300,000, 71% reduction in @entity2489 (preintervention to postintervention), and a reduction in vent days by 31%. Nurses are central in hospital efforts to improve quality care. The bundled interventions provided the nurses with a structure to successfully implement a systematic process for improvement. Nursing leaders ensured that bundles were implemented strategically and provided consistent and specific feedback on intervention compliance with quarterly CLABSI and @entity2489 rates. Real-time feedback assisted the registered nurses, neonatal nurse practitioners, and physicians appreciation of the effectiveness of the change in practice. Finally, empowering the bedside nurse to lead the bundle implementation increased personal ownership and compliance and ultimately improved practice and @entity1 outcomes.

title: Nurse-driven quality improvement interventions to reduce hospital-acquired XXXX in the NICU.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['CLABSI and VAP determination', 'ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital-acquired infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: We have studied the structural changes within the body-wall muscle cells of @entity2199 during postmitotic development. In wildtype, the number of sarcomeres progressively increases, and each sarcomere appears to grow in length and depth continuously during this period. In mature wild-type cells, the anterior-most body-wall muscle cells have 6--7 sarcomeres; the rest have 9--10 sarcomeres per cell. Twelve mutants in the @entity37019 II gene exhibit markedly retarded sarcomere construction and progressive @entity912 . Several @entity37019 mutants, such as the severely paralyzed SU200, produced only 2--3 sarcomeres per body-wall muscle cell, while the other mildly paralyzed @entity37019 mutants, such as SU250, build 3--4 sarcomeres per muscle cell. Other structures such as the pharynx and even the noncontractile organelles of the body-wall muscle cells do not appear to be structurally or functionally altered. The @entity37019 body-wall sarcomeres become moderately disorganized as they are outstripped by cell growth; sufficient order is preserved, however, so that the majority of thick and thin filaments still interdigitate. The myosin heavy chains of SU200 body-wall muscle fail to accumulate normally, while the pharyngeal myosin heavy chains do not appear to be specifically affected. This biochemical result correlates well with the specificity of morphological changes in the mutant. A model is discussed in which the biochemical and morphological deficits are explained by a simple regulatory mechanism.

title: Muscle development in XXXX : mutants exhibiting retarded sarcomere construction.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to determine whether clinical examination could adequately ascertain the volume of tissue to be resected during breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical reports of 279 @entity1 with histologically diagnosed invasive @entity0 treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery or with primary surgery alone. We estimated volumes of excised tissues, the volume of the @entity5 mass and the optimal volume required for excision based on 1 cm of clear margins. The actual excess of resected volume was estimated by calculating the resection ratio measured as the volume of the resected specimen divided by the optimal specimen volume. The study endpoints were to analyze the extent of tissue resection and to ascertain the effect of excess resected tissue on surgical margins in both groups of @entity1 . RESULTS: The median @entity5 diameter was 2.0 and 1.5 cm in the surgery and neoadjuvant therapy groups, respectively. The median volume of resected mammary tissue was 64.3 cm   in the primary surgery group and 90.7 cm   in the neoadjuvant therapy group. The median resection ratios in the primary surgery and neoadjuvant therapy groups were 2.0 and 3.3, respectively (p<0.0001). Surgical margin data were similar in both groups. Comparison of the volume of resected mammary tissues with the @entity5 diameters showed a positive correlation in the primary surgery group and no correlation in the neoadjuvant therapy group. CONCLUSION: Surgeons tend to excise large volumes of tissue during breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant therapy, thereby resulting in a loss of the correlation between @entity5 diameter and volume of the excised specimen.

title: Volume of breast tissue excised during breast-conserving surgery in XXXX undergoing preoperative systemic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The clinical course and serial cranial computerized tomographic (CT) findings of 202 @entity1 with @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) admitted to Tygerberg Hospital between 1985 and 1994 were reviewed with regard to the incidence, CT appearance and clinical course of associated intracranial @entity378 . Thirty-four @entity1 (16.85 per cent) had associated intracranial @entity738 . Thirty-eight individual lesions were analysed and classified as meningeal, parenchymal or ependymal according to their central nervous system (CNS) location. Twenty-five @entity1 had round to irregular, brain iso-, hypo- or hyperdense @entity693 with variable degrees of enhancement and peri-lesional @entity6152 . Four @entity1 had diffusely enhancing, brain @entity738 associated with the ventricular ependymal lining. Four @entity1 with @entity9758 and @entity1906 showed multiple small diffusely enhancing, brain iso- or hyperdense @entity8 and associated @entity6152 on initial CT. Although @entity738 in the meningeal and ependymal group had the propensity to paradoxically enlarge or appear on standard four-drug antituberculosis therapy, the majority resolved uneventfully. Rapid resolution of small parenchymal @entity738 associated with @entity9758 occurred in all cases. Most @entity738 in this series were co-incidental, asymptomatic CT findings. In rare cases, the development or enlargement of a strategically located @entity738 may result in complications.

title: XXXX in @entity1906 : radiological features and course.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal lesions']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensities']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['isodense, enplaque-like ependymal granulomas', 'granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis', 'TBM']

entities_list: @entity9758 :: ('MESH:D014391', 'Disease') :: ['miliary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous granulomas']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculous granulomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cost-effectiveness of tension-free @entity169 at a private 20-bed rural hospital in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador, was calculated relative to no treatment. METHODS: Lichtenstein repair using mosquito net or @entity7502 commercial mesh was provided to @entity1 with @entity169 by surgeons from Europe and North America. Prospective data were collected from provider, @entity1 , and societal perspectives, with component costs collected on site and from local supply companies or published literature. @entity1 outcomes were forecasted using disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. Uncertainty in @entity1 -level data was evaluated with Monte-Carlo simulation. RESULTS: Surgery was provided to 102 @entity1 with @entity169 of various sizes. Local anesthesia was used for 80 % of operations during the first mission, and spinal anesthesia was used for 89 % in the second mission. Few complications were observed. An average 6.39 DALYs (3,0) were averted per @entity1 (95 % confidence interval: 6.22-6.84). The average cost per @entity1 was US 499.33 (95 % CI: US 490.19- 526.03) from a provider perspective, US 118.79 (95 % CI: US 110.28- 143.72) from a @entity1 perspective, and US 615.46 (95 % CI: US 603.39- 650.40) from a societal perspective. Mean cost-effectiveness from a provider perspective was US 78.18/DALY averted (95 % CI: US 75.86- 85.78) according to DALYs (3,0) averted using the West Life Table level 26, well below the Ecuadorian per-capita Gross National Income (US 3,850). Results were robust to all sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity169 was cost-effective in western Ecuador through international collaboration.

title: Cost-effectiveness of XXXX surgery in northwestern Ecuador.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neointimal @entity1373 after the percutaneous coronary intervention is still a clinically serious problem, associated with the risk of @entity715 due to delayed reendothelization. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-b/   ( @entity11589 /  ) belongs to a family of ligand-activated transcription factors. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the effects of @entity26221 , a synthetic high-affinity @entity11589 /   agonist, on @entity1373 after @entity1317 . Using C57BL/6J @entity19 , we made a @entity130 model and intraperitoneally injected @entity26221 or vehicle once a day. The arteries were harvested for pathological and molecular analysis on day 14 after injury. In vitro, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), macrophages and @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured, and @entity26221 effects on the cells proliferation were measured. RESULTS: The vehicle-treated injured arteries showed significantly thickened intima, while @entity26221 suppressed it. @entity26221 significantly suppressed @entity650 protein production, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the @entity8233 and enhanced @entity2279 expression. In vitro, @entity26221 attenuated VSMC proliferation triggered by cytokines or macrophages. The drug also induced endothelial regeneration after denudation injury. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the @entity11589 /   agonist is effective for atten- uation of @entity1373 by suppressing VSMC proliferation and accelerating reendothelization.

title: A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-b/   agonist attenuates XXXX after wire-mediated @entity1317 .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['neointimal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wire-injury']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['neointimal hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform comparative proteomic analysis of @entity1 @entity43 cell lines for detecting @entity902 -resistance associated proteins. METHODS: The total proteins of two sensitive (SKOV3 and A2780) and four resistant (SKOV3/CDDP, SKOV3/ @entity16221 , A2780/CDDP and A2780/ @entity16221 ) @entity1 @entity43 cell lines were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using image analysis software, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue, then identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and database searching. The mRNA and protein levels of the differentially expressed protein which was most significant in all of the four resistant cell lines were validated by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Five proteins were found to be significant in four cell lines. @entity41784 and destrin were up-regulated and @entity1110 ( @entity1110 )-dependent @entity9275 dehydrogenase 1 was down-regulated in all the four resistant samples. @entity2041 transferase omega 1 had an increased expression in the other three resistant cell lines except for SKOV3/ @entity16221 in which its expression was not changed. However, @entity12386 represented a different trend. In the two resistant sublines of SKOV3, @entity12386 had a down-regulation, but it had an up-regulation in the cell lines induced from SKOV3. The expression of @entity41784 was up-regulated by 3 - 20 fold and the results of RT-PCR and western blotting showed complete consistency with that by 2-DE. CONCLUSIONS: Proteomic techniques are useful to the identification of the resistance-associated proteins in @entity43 @entity902 -resistant cell lines and five candidates have been found. The five differential proteins might become hopeful candidate biomarkers for resistance.

title: [Proteomic analysis of @entity1 XXXX cell lines and their @entity902 -resistant clones].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADP']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the evaluation of chronic @entity2054 (CECS) as compared to T2 -weighted (T2w) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant protocol, spectral adiabatic inversion recovery (SPAIR) T2w imaging and stimulated echo DTI were applied to eight healthy volunteers and 14 suspected CECS @entity1 before and after exertion. Longitudinal and transverse diffusion eigenvalues, @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured in seven @entity291 muscle compartments, which in @entity1 were classified by their response on T2w: normal (<20% change), and CECS (>20% change). Mixed model analysis of variance compared subject groups and compartments in terms of response factors (post/pre-exercise ratios) of DTI parameters. RESULTS: All diffusivities significantly increased (P < 0.0001) and FA decreased (P = 0.0014) with exercise. Longitudinal diffusion responses were significantly smaller than transversal diffusion responses (P < 0.0001). Nineteen of 98 @entity1 compartments were classified as CECS on T2w. @entity1893 increased by 3.8    3.4% (volunteer), 7.4    4.2% (normal), and 9.1    7.0% (CECS) with exercise. CONCLUSION: DTI shows promise as an ancillary imaging method in the diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiology in CECS. Future studies may explore its utility in predicting response to treatment.

title: Stimulated echo diffusion tensor imaging and SPAIR T2 -weighted imaging in chronic XXXX of the lower leg muscles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['exertional compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

answer: @entity2054 :: (MESH:D003161,Disease) :: ['exertional compartment syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopy is now a widely used method for removal of functioning and non-functioning @entity5 . This paper reports our experience in laparoscopic transperitoneal removal of functioning @entity5 including @entity1911 , @entity699 and aldosteronoma. METHODS: Between May 2001 and April 2006, 29 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for @entity1911 . In 37 @entity1 (10 @entity1 with bilateral adrenalectomy) adrenalectomy was performed for @entity699 , while 28 @entity1 had aldosteronoma. In 2 @entity1 adrenalectomy was performed for virilizing @entity652 . RESULTS: All laparoscopic adrenalectomies were finished successfully, and no open surgery was necessary. @entity260 were not observed. Mean hospital stay was 3 days. No @entity1 required blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for functioning @entity5 proved a safe and minimally invasive procedure. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, in comparison with open surgery, has numerous advantages, including a shorter length of stay, shorter time to return to preoperative level of activity, better cosmetic effect, and decrease in @entity282 .

title: [Laparoscopic treatment of functioning XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumors']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Major postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adrenal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate development of femoral @entity432 in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 954 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. PROCEDURE: 1,750 cardiovascular examinations consisting of visual inspection of mucous membranes, thoracic auscultation in areas associated with the heart valves, @entity1514 , and palpation of the femoral arteries were made at 10 @entity235 shows on 954 @entity235 . Findings of clinically normal, weak, or undetectable femoral pulses were recorded. Pathologic changes in occluded femoral arteries of 2 @entity235 were examined histologically. RESULTS: Of the 954 @entity235 , 22 (2.3%) had an undetectable right or left femoral pulse on 1 or more examinations. Forty (4.2%) additional @entity235 had weak unilateral or bilateral femoral pulses. Only 1 @entity235 had exercise intolerance, and it had coexistent @entity712 . Histologic examination of serial sections of an occluded femoral artery from 1 @entity235 revealed intimal thickening with breaks in the internal elastic lamina proximal to the occluded segment. The occluded segment of the femoral artery was contracted and filled with an organizing, recanalizing @entity715 . Similar histopathologic changes were found in sections of a femoral artery from another @entity235 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: @entity432 is rare in other breeds and is not clinically important in @entity235 because of adequate collateral circulation; however, its rather common development in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels indicates a genetic predisposition and probable weakness in the femoral artery wall.

title: XXXX in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic palpation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion', 'Femoral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Femoral artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous spike-waves during @entity25 (CSWSS) is a rare @entity302 occurring in @entity1 , which is characterized by the association of @entity302 , @entity74 , and abnormal paroxysmal electroencephalographic (EEG) discharges activated by sleep. Language can be affected but, to date, @entity3180 and their long-term outcome have been documented only rarely. PURPOSES: Description of @entity73 in @entity1 with the CSWSS. METHODS: We performed a detailed language testing in 10 right-handed @entity1 and adolescents with the CSWSS. Their pragmatic performance was compared to that of a control population of 36 @entity1 aged 6-10 years. RESULTS: @entity1 with CSWSS had lower scores in tests measuring their lexical, morphosyntactic, and pragmatic skills compared to controls. Comprehension remains unaffected. In addition, @entity73 was found to be just as severe in @entity1 in remission as those still in an active phase. CONCLUSIONS: We found severe @entity73 in @entity2026 . The language profile is different from that observed in the @entity12924 . Moreover @entity1 in remission and those in an active phase of the CSWSS have the same @entity73 profiles. This confirms the poor long-term neuropsychological prognosis. Our results raise points about the relationship between @entity302 activity and language development. This pilot study underscores the need to assess language, and especially pragmatic skills, and to study long-term outcome in such childhood @entity302 .

title: @entity302 and language development: the continuous spike-waves during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairments', 'language impairment']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['lexical and syntactic skills']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndrome', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow sleep syndrome']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['slow sleep syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2335 / @entity2336 ( @entity2337 /PBS) at present is a symptom-based diagnosis. The @entity2335 Symptom Index (ICSI), also known as the O'Leary-Sant Symptom Index, is a widely used scale that assesses the four cardinal symptoms of @entity2337 /PBS (ie, @entity2336 , urgency, frequency, and @entity2183 ), by asking how often each is experienced. In an ongoing case-control study of recent-onset @entity2337 /PBS, we compared the ICSI with a series of questions that addressed the severity of these symptoms. METHODS: Recruiting nationally, we enrolled @entity1 with @entity2337 /PBS symptoms of 12 months' duration or less. We assessed the severity of @entity158 , frequency, and urgency using Likert and categorical scales, and how often these symptoms were experienced using the ICSI. We compared these scales by frequency distributions and interscale correlations. RESULTS: In 138 @entity1 with recent-onset @entity2337 /PBS, the scores for frequency were correlated and, for @entity158 , appeared to be complementary. However, for urgency, the ICSI question of "the strong need to urinate with little or no warning" consistently yielded lower scores than the severity question of "the compelling urge to urinate that is difficult to postpone." Some @entity1 denied urgency to the ICSI question yet reported intense urgency to the severity question. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the severity question, the ICSI underestimated the prevalence and degree of urgency. This observation is consistent with the views of others that sudden urgency does not define the sensation experienced by many @entity1 with @entity2337 /PBS. Clarifying this symptom description may assist in developing a usable case definition for @entity2337 /PBS.

title: Assessing urgency in @entity2335 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['painful bladder syndrome', 'bladder pain']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial cystitis', 'Interstitial Cystitis']

answer: @entity2336 :: (MESH:D018856,Disease) :: ['painful bladder syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Preclinical data suggest that @entity5345 and @entity2674 ( @entity14049 )-mutated @entity43 (BMOC) are exquisitely sensitive to @entity902 -salts, but resistant to microtubule-stabilizing anticancer agents. The clinical relevance of these preclinical data is unclear, since there are currently no published data on the efficacy of single-agent @entity3907 chemotherapy in @entity1 with BMOC. A retrospective study was undertaken to investigate the clinical effects of @entity1311 monotherapy in @entity1 with BMOC. METHODS: Clinical data on responses and progression-free-survival (PFS) following @entity1311 (3-weekly/weekly) monotherapy in BMOC @entity1 were collected from four @entity5 centres. Antitumour response was defined as RECIST partial or complete response (PR/CR), and clinical benefit was defined as PR/CR and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) lasting at least 18 weeks. Comparisons of the rate and duration of response and clinical benefit between categorical variables (e.g. @entity902 -sensitive versus @entity902 -resistant @entity1 ) were undertaken. RESULTS: We identified 26 BMOC @entity1 who received @entity1311 monotherapy for @entity66 , of which 15/26 (58%) were @entity902 -sensitive and 11/26 (42%) were @entity902 -resistant. The response rate to @entity1311 monotherapy was 46% (12/26). Clinical benefit rate was significantly higher in @entity902 -sensitive than @entity902 -resistant @entity1 (80% versus 36%, p=0.04). BMOC @entity1 with @entity902 -sensitive disease had significantly longer median PFS compared with @entity902 -resistant @entity1 (42 versus 21 weeks, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide the first clinical evidence that @entity1311 monotherapy is active in BMOC and may be more effective in @entity902 -sensitive BMOC.

title: Implications of @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutations for the efficacy of XXXX monotherapy in advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD', 'relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity428 ( @entity428 ) amplitude, @entity428 slope, and the correlation of @entity428 amplitude and @entity428 mean ( @entity541 index) as measures of compliance in a cohort of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Mean values of the three measures were calculated in the 2-h periods before and after surgery (craniectomies and evacuations), and in the 12-h periods preceding and following thiopental treatment, and during periods of thiopental @entity772 . The changes in the metrics were evaluated using the Wilcoxon test. The correlations of 10-day mean values for the three metrics with age, admission Glasgow Motor Score (GMS), and Extended Glasgow Outcome Score (GOSe) were evaluated. @entity1 under and over 60 years old were also compared using the Student t test. The correlation of @entity428 amplitude with @entity262 was analyzed. RESULTS: @entity428 amplitude was significantly correlated with GMS, and also with age for @entity1 35 years old and older. The correlations of @entity428 slope and the @entity541 index with GMS and with age were not significant. All three metrics indicated significant improvements in compliance following surgery and during thiopental @entity772 . None of the metrics were significantly correlated with outcome, possibly due to confounding effects of treatment factors. The correlation of @entity262 with @entity428 amplitude was low (R = 0.18), only explaining 3 % of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further validation for all three of these features of the @entity428 waveform as measures of compliance. @entity428 amplitude had the best performance in these tests.

title: An evaluation of three measures of intracranial compliance in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic pulse amplitude']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Blood lymphocyte subpopulations (Leu 4+ cells = pan-T cells, Leu 3a+ cells = helper/inducer cells, and Leu 2a+ cells = suppressor/cytotoxic cells), thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins, microsomal antibodies and antibodies against thyroglobulin were determined in 10 @entity1 with @entity1378 due to single @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ), 11 @entity1 with @entity1378 due to @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and in 20 normal subjects. Thyroidectomy was performed in 8 of the @entity1 with @entity1374 and in 6 of those with @entity2743 after 3 weeks of antithyroid drug treatment with @entity3937 . Lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid tissue, the amount of the various lymphocyte subsets (Leu 4+, Leu 3a+, and Leu 2a+ T cells as well as B+ B cells) in the thyroid gland, as well as the expression of the histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR on thyrocytes and intrathyroidal lymphocytes were examined. Blood Leu 4+ cells were reduced due to a lack of Leu 2a+ cells in @entity1 with @entity1374 and @entity2743 when compared to normal subjects. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins were detected in all @entity1 with @entity1374 and @entity2743 , but in none of the normal subjects. Lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid tissue was present in @entity1 with @entity1374 and @entity2743 . The various lymphocyte subsets in the thyroid gland did not differ between the two @entity1 groups. DR expression on thyrocytes was seen in 6 of the @entity1 operated for @entity1374 and in 5 of those who underwent surgery for @entity2743 . Infiltration with DR+-T lymphocytes was found in all thyroid glands investigated. Thus immunological findings usually classified as proof for the autoimmune origin of @entity2743 exist also in @entity1 with @entity1374 . An overlap in the pathogenetic background of both diseases seems possible.

title: Immunological features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['autonomously functioning thyroid nodules', 'ATN']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['nonimmunogenic hyperthyroidism']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical activity and @entity137 of a novel chemotherapy combination regimen of @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity900 (GIP), administered every 3 weeks, in @entity1 with inoperable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). From October 1998 to July 1999, 18 previously untreated stages IIIb (4) and IV (14) @entity1 were enrolled into the study. @entity136 and @entity1260 (with mesna as uroprotection) was administered on days 1 and 6, at a dose of 1000 and 1500 mg/m2, respectively; and @entity900 was given on day 1 at a dose of 60 mg/m2, every 3 weeks. All 18 @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 profiles. One @entity1 achieved a complete response, and II @entity1 achieved a partial response, with an overall response rate of 66.7% (95%, CI, 45-89%). The main @entity137 was hematological, a NCI grade 3-4 @entity1398 in 16 @entity1 (88.9%) during the treatment course. @entity1398 occurred in three @entity1 (16.6%). Grade 3 @entity417 occurred in eight @entity1 (44.41%) and grade 3-4 @entity882 occurred in 11 @entity1 (61.1%). @entity1503 was mild and tolerable. No @entity137 occurred. The median survival was 12.7 months and 1 year survival was 58.4%. The GIP combination chemotherapy produced a high response rate in advanced @entity1149 ; however, there was a relatively high percentage of @entity1503 that still could be tolerated. A randomized trial comparing GIP to a two-drug combination of @entity136 and @entity900 is planned.

title: Phase II study with XXXX , @entity1260 and @entity900 in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic death']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematological toxicity', 'hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: Mutations within @entity43071 encoding a transmembrane protein which coassembles with K+ channels mediating slow K+, I(Ks), currents are implicated in cardiac action potential prolongation and ventricular arrhythmogenicity in @entity1162 5. We demonstrate the following potentially arrhythmogenic features in simultaneously recorded, left ventricular, endocardial and epicardial monophasic action potentials from Langendorff-perfused @entity19 @entity43071 -/- hearts for the first time. (1) Prolonged epicardial (57.1 +/- 0.5 ms cf. 36.1 +/- 0.07 ms in @entity164 ( @entity164 ), P < 0.001; n = 5) and endocardial action potential duration at 90% repolarication (APD90) (54.4 +/- 2.4 ms cf. 48.5 +/- 0.3 ms, P < 0.05; n = 5). (2) Negative transmural repolarization gradients (DeltaAPD90: endocardial minus epicardial APD90) (-2.5 +/- 2.4 ms, compared with 12.4 +/- 1.1 ms in @entity164 , P < 0.001; n = 5). (3) Frequent @entity8658 (EADs) and spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in 4 out of 5 @entity43071 -/- hearts but not @entity164 (n = 5). EADs were especially frequent following temporary cessations of ventricular pacing. (4) Monomorphic @entity1165 lasting 1.36 +/- 0.2 s in 5 out of 5 @entity43071 -/- hearts, following premature stimuli but not @entity164 (n = 5). (5) Epicardial APD alternans. Perfusion of @entity43071 -/- hearts with 1 mum @entity594 induced potentially anti-arrhythmic changes including: (1) restored epicardial APD90 (from 57.1 +/- 0.5 ms to 42.3 +/- 0.4 ms, P < 0.001; n = 5); (2) altered DeltaAPD90 to values (11.2 +/- 2.6) close to @entity164 (P > 0.05; n = 5); (3) EAD suppression during both spontaneous activity and following cessation of ventricular pacing (n = 5) to give similar features to @entity164 controls (n = 5); (4) suppression of programmed electrical stimulation-induced @entity1165 ; and (5) suppression of APD alternans. These findings suggest arrhythmic effects of reduced outward currents expected in @entity43071 -/- hearts and their abolition by antagonism of inward L-type @entity141 current.

title: Mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmogenesis in @entity19 following targeted disruption of XXXX modelling @entity1162 5.

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial early afterdepolarizations']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome']

answer: @entity43071 :: (16509(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['KCNE1']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Severe @entity565 exacerbations during pregnancy are a common complication leading to poor health outcomes for both the mother and the baby. @entity565 exacerbations are caused most frequently by respiratory viruses. A balance between antiviral and inflammatory immune responses is critical during pregnancy; the balance may be altered by @entity1729 . METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from (i) non-pregnant healthy controls, (ii) pregnant non-asthmatics, (iii) post-partum non-asthmatics, (iv) non-pregnant asthmatics (v) pregnant asthmatics, and (vi) post-partum asthmatics. Cells were cultured in vitro with the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin or with a strain of the 2009 pandemic @entity1707 @entity683 . Interferon (IFN)-y, @entity688 and @entity4155 protein were measured from culture supernatant. Neutrophil counts were obtained in samples from pregnant and post-partum @entity1 . RESULTS: Following the phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of PBMCs, pregnant asthmatics had significantly higher @entity4155 and significantly lower @entity379 responses compared with healthy non-pregnant @entity1 . Following infection with @entity683 , a significant reduction was also observed in @entity379 and @entity688 production from PBMC of pregnant asthmatics. The @entity4155 response to phytohaemagglutinin correlated with the neutrophil percentage. Differences in @entity379 , @entity688 and @entity4155 were found to persist for at least 6 months post-partum. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in antiviral and regulatory immunity with @entity32 during pregnancy occurs in PBMC from pregnant @entity1 with @entity565 . This novel information may relate to the increased susceptibility and disease severity to respiratory virus infections observed during pregnancy.

title: Alterations in inflammatory, antiviral and regulatory cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased inflammation']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['asthma and respiratory virus infection']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The effects of spacer devices on the magnitude and velocity of large and small airway bronchodilator responses in @entity748 @entity1 who can correctly operate a @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) remain unclear. According to a double-blinded, randomized, crossover protocol, 14 @entity748 @entity1 were studied on seven separate occasions. On each occasion, @entity1 inhaled doubling @entity2710 concentrations until forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) had fallen by 20% of baseline. Changes in forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75) were also evaluated. Subsequently, @entity1 were administered 20 or 50 micrograms of @entity11610 from an @entity4185 either alone or in conjunction with a small- or large-volume spacer device. Changes in FEV1 and FEF25-75 corrected for baseline forced vital capacity (isoFEF25-75) were assessed at 3-minute intervals for 15 minutes and at 30 minutes. Spontaneous recovery was similarly evaluated. The time required to attain significant increases in both FEV1 and isoFEF25-75 was calculated in bronchodilator trials. With 20 micrograms of @entity11610 , both spacers allowed larger and faster FEV1 increases than the @entity4185 alone (P < 0.01); with 50 micrograms, the velocity and magnitude of FEV1 increases were further enhanced in trials with the @entity4185 alone. The lower @entity11610 dose via the large-volume spacer determined larger and faster isoFEF25-75 increases than the higher dose via both the small-volume spacer and the @entity4185 alone (P < 0.01). Spacers enhance bronchodilation even in @entity1 using MDIs optimally. Compared with both the small-volume device and the @entity4185 alone, the large-volume spacer allows faster and larger small airway dilation with less than half of the @entity11610 dose.

title: Large and small airway responses to @entity11610 administered through different extension devices in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'metered dose inhaler']

entities_list: @entity11610 :: ('MESH:D017265', 'Chemical') :: ['procaterol']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, on cell cycle of @entity1 cells, and explore its molecular mechanism. METHODS: @entity1 cells were treated with @entity2052 at different concentration and different time cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. @entity4910 and @entity994 ( @entity41291 gene, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: (1) @entity2052 blocked the @entity1 cells in G(0)/G(1) phase. (2) Compared with control group, 3 mmol/L @entity2052 treated @entity1 cells for different times caused their mRNA expression of @entity4910 decreased. Treated with @entity2052 at different concentration for 3 days, the mRNA expression decreased in a dose-dependent manner. (3) @entity2052 induced @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity23886 ) mRNA expression increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity23886 ) protein increased with increasing concentration of @entity2052 at day 3. The @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity23886 ) protein significantly increased with 3 mmol/L @entity2052 treatment for 2 d (2.498 +/- 0.240). CONCLUSION: @entity2052 can arrest @entity1 cell in G(0)/G(1) phase through the regulation of @entity4910 and @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity23886 ).

title: [Inhibitory effect of XXXX on cell cycle of @entity1 cell line and its mechanism].

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: Childhood @entity6 diagnosed before the age of 24 months presents specific management problems. We report here on the establishment (using the British @entity6 Association [BDA] @entity1 's Register) and mortality of a cohort of @entity1 with @entity6 diagnosed before age 24 months. @entity1 registered during the period 1972-1981 were traced by contacting consultants or by using the National Health Service Central Registers (NHSCR) of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were estimated using @entity1 -years of follow-up for each @entity1 and age-specific death rates for the England and Wales population for the years 1972-1989. Of 339 @entity1 notified during 1972-1981, 231 were traced through consultants and 99 of the remaining 108 through the NHSCR. Twenty were found to be ineligible. The cohort available for mortality analysis comprised 310 (97%) of 319 eligible @entity1 . Their age at the time the cohort was established was 8-18 years, and their duration of @entity6 8-17 years. The male:female ratio is 1.4:1. Of 310 @entity1 studied, seven have already died: SMR 5.4 (95% CI: 2.5-11.5). We have established a large, unique cohort of @entity1 with @entity6 diagnosed before age 24 months and still living in the UK and Ireland. The natural history including mortality and occurrence of complications will be analysed prospectively in this cohort and compared to other cohorts of similar disease duration, but later age at onset.

title: XXXX diagnosed before the age of 2 years: mortality in a British cohort 8-17 years after onset.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: In the last decade, a number of quantitative epidemiological studies of specific diseases have been done in developing countries that for the first time allow estimation of the total @entity66 (mortality and morbidity) attributable to use of solid fuels in adult @entity1 and young @entity1 , who jointly receive the highest exposures because of their household roles. Few such studies are available as yet for adult @entity1 or @entity1 over 5 years. This paper evaluates the existing epidemiological studies and applies the resulting risks to the more than three-quarters of all Indian households dependent on such fuels. Allowance is made for the existence of improved stoves with chimneys and other factors that may lower exposures. Attributable risks are calculated in reference to the demographic conditions and patterns of each disease in India. Sufficient evidence is available to estimate risks most confidently for @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ), @entity2 . Estimates for @entity378 ( @entity378 ), @entity565 , and @entity1939 are of intermediate confidence. Estimates for @entity299 have the lowest confidence. Insufficient quantitative evidence is currently available to estimate the impact of adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., low birthweight and @entity2209 ). The resulting conservative estimates indicate that some 400-550 thousand premature deaths can be attributed annually to use of biomass fuels in these population groups. Using a disability-adjusted lost life-year approach, the total is 4-6% of the Indian national @entity66 , placing indoor air pollution as a major risk factor in the country.

title: National XXXX in India from indoor air pollution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections', 'ARI']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis', 'TB']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['burden of disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report transient ocular wavefront and blood @entity413 data for one @entity1 with @entity6 after the treatment with insulin has been initiated. CASE REPORT: The wavefront data for both eyes of a 34-year-old male @entity1 were examined by a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. Refraction data and higher-order aberrations were recorded during 130 days for eyes in natural conditions, without cycloplegia. At the beginning, we sampled data every 3 to 4 days and enlarged the intervals, when values settled. In total, we report 20 measurements and 1 baseline entry. Blood @entity413 levels were recorded at least six times a day during the complete period. For the equivalent sphere, we recorded a bilateral hyperopic shift of 5 D from -2.75 DS to +2.25 DS, followed by a reverse myopic shift of the same amount. The equivalent sphere peaked about 15 to 18 days after the treatment with insulin had begun. Cylinder values kept remarkably stable. Higher-order aberrations are dominated by the spherical aberration. The Zernike coefficient c12 for both eyes changed substantially from OD 0.036  m and OS 0.062  m to OD 0.24  m and OS 0.22  m (5 mm pupil diameter) following the time pattern of the equivalent sphere. About 60 days after they had reached their peak, all refraction values and higher-order aberrations stabilized at their baseline levels. The baseline was defined by records taken 4 years before the treatment with insulin was commenced. CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront aberrometry gives quantitative insights in the transient alteration and recovering of the eye's optics whilst the therapy of @entity6 is being initiated. The data of this case support the assumption that variations in the crystalline lens, most probably the modification of its refractive gradient index, as a cause for the transient behavior. An explanation is still missing.

title: Transient Ocular Wavefront Data in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['acute type 1 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Traditional neurosurgical practice calls for administration of peri-operative stress-dose @entity230 for sellar-suprasellar masses undergoing operative treatment. This practice is considered critical to prevent @entity532 associated with @entity1887 , such as @entity551 and @entity1457 . However, stress-dose @entity230 complicate the management of these @entity1 . It has been our routine practice to use stress @entity230 during surgery only if the @entity1 has clinical or biochemical evidence of hypocortisolism pre-operatively. We wanted to be certain that this practice was safe. METHODS: We present our retrospective analysis from a consecutive series of 114 operations in 109 @entity1 with @entity5 , the majority of whom were managed without empirical stress-dose @entity134 coverage. Only @entity1 who were hypoadrenal pre-operatively or who had suffered apoplexy were given stress-dose coverage during surgery. We screened for biochemical evidence of @entity1887 as a result of surgery by measuring immediate post-operative AM serum @entity701 levels. RESULTS: There were no adverse events related to the selective use of @entity701 replacement in this @entity1 population. CONCLUSION: Our experience demonstrates that selective use of @entity228 replacement is safe; it simplifies the management of the @entity1 , and has advantages over empiric "dogmatic" @entity134 coverage.

title: Selective use of peri-operative XXXX in pituitary tumor surgery: escape from dogma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sellar and/or suprasellar tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadrenalism']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['peri-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 2.Worldwide, @entity3174 is a commonly used antiepileptic drug. For the newer drugs such as @entity2051 , it is important to know how they compare with standard treatments. OBJECTIVES: To review the best evidence comparing @entity2051 and @entity3174 when used as monotherapy in @entity1 with partial onset @entity410 or generalised @entity410 with or without other generalised @entity410 types. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane @entity302 Group's Specialised Register (22 January 2013), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 12) and MEDLINE (1946 to 22 January 2013). We handsearched relevant journals and contacted pharmaceutical companies, original trial investigators and experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials in @entity1 or adults with partial onset @entity410 or generalised onset @entity410 with a comparison of @entity2051 monotherapy with @entity3174 monotherapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: This was an individual @entity1 data review. Outcomes were time to (a) treatment withdrawal (b) 12-month remission (c) six-month remission and (d) first @entity410 post randomisation. We used Cox proportional hazards models to obtain study-specific estimates of hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) with the generic inverse variance method used to obtain the overall pooled HR and 95% CI. MAIN RESULTS: Individual @entity1 data were available for 480 out of 517 @entity1 (93%) from three included trials. For remission outcomes, a HR > 1 indicates an advantage to @entity3174 and for first @entity410 and withdrawal outcomes a HR > 1 indicates an advantage to @entity2051 .The main overall results (pooled HR, 95% CI) were: (i) time to withdrawal of allocated treatment 1.65 (1.08 to 2.52), (ii) time to 12-month remission 0.92 (0.68 to 1.24), (iii) time to six-month remission 0.90 (0.70 to 1.15), (iv) time to first @entity410 1.07 (0.83 to 1.39). Results indicate a statistically significant advantage for @entity2051 over @entity3174 for time to treatment withdrawal, but insufficient evidence to suggest a difference between the drugs for other outcomes. By @entity302 type, there is no significant advantage for either drug for generalised @entity302 , however there is a significant advantage for @entity302 with @entity2051 for time to treatment withdrawal (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.15 to 3.33). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with partial onset @entity410 @entity2051 is significantly less likely to be withdrawn, but current data do not allow a statement as to whether @entity2051 is equivalent, superior or inferior to @entity3174 in terms of @entity410 control. However, the design of the studies may have biased @entity410 outcomes and misclassification of @entity302 type may have biased withdrawal rates.

title: @entity2051 versus @entity3174 monotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The role of allogeneic transplantation in @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 in first complete remission (AML- @entity3432 ) is controversial. Aiming to preserve a graft-versus- @entity1778 effect, but minimize morbidity and mortality from conditioning-related @entity137 and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), we conducted a prospective multicenter study of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) as preparation for peripheral blood stem cell sibling allografts in @entity1 with intermediate or poor risk AML- @entity3432 . Conditioning consisted of @entity3118 125 mg/m(2) and @entity786 120 mg/kg. Thirty-four @entity1 were transplanted with a median age of 45 years; 85% had intermediate risk cytogenetics. Early @entity137 was minimal. The overall incidence of grade II-IV acute @entity2132 was low (21%), but the 3 @entity1 (9%) who developed grade IV @entity2132 died. Donor T cell chimerism was rapid and generally complete, but complete myeloid chimerism was delayed. Thirteen @entity1 (38%) relapsed, 12 within a year of transplant. The estimated disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival at 2 years was 56% (95% confidence interval [CI] 39%-71%) and 68% (95% CI 50%-81%), respectively. The incidence of extensive @entity102 ( @entity2132 ) was low (24% of surviving @entity1 at 12 months) and most survivors had an excellent performance status. These observations justify a prospective comparison of RIC versus myeloablative conditioning allografts for AML- @entity3432 .

title: A prospective multicenter trial of peripheral blood stem cell sibling allografts for @entity3052 in first complete remission using XXXX - @entity786 reduced intensity conditioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic GVHD']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'cGVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies suggest that @entity1261 prevents @entity299 following @entity583 ( @entity583 ) likely through regeneration of the myocardium and coronary vessels. However, it remains unclear whether @entity1261 administered at the onset of reperfusion prevents @entity63 /reperfusion injury in the acute phase. We investigated acute effects of @entity1261 on @entity583 size and the incidence of lethal @entity943 and evaluated the involvement of the @entity4357 -3 kinase (PI3K) in the in vivo @entity235 models. METHODS: In open-chest @entity235 , left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 90 minutes followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. We intravenously administered @entity1261 (0.33 micro/kg/min) for 30 minutes from the onset of reperfusion. @entity2307 , a PI3K inhibitor, was selectively administered into the LAD after the onset of reperfusion. RESULTS: @entity1261 significantly (p<0.05) reduced @entity583 size (38.7+/-4.3% to 15.7+/-5.3%) and the incidence of @entity2224 during reperfusion periods (50% to 0%) compared with the control. @entity1261 enhanced Akt phospholylation in ischemic @entity235 myocardium. Wortmannin blunted both the @entity1188 size-limiting and anti-arrhythmic effects of @entity1261 . @entity1261 did not change myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophil accumulation, in the @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: An intravenous administration of @entity1261 at the onset of reperfusion attenuates @entity63 /reperfusion injury through PI3K/Akt pathway in the in vivo model. @entity1261 administration can be a promising candidate for the adjunctive therapy for @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mediates cardioprotection against @entity63 /reperfusion injury via @entity4357 -3-kinase/Akt pathway in XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['Wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'myocardial infarct', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: We speculate that parturients who deliver elsewhere between the first and second deliveries compose a unique clinical group, characterized by higher rates of cesarean section (CS) both in the first and second deliveries, compared with parturients who deliver both deliveries at the same hospital. METHODS: A retrospective study conducted at Shaare Zedek Medical Center in a tertiary university-affiliated hospital. The cohort included all @entity1 in the second delivery, aged   <=24  years with a singleton pregnancy who delivered their second @entity1 in our medical center during 2010-2012. Parturients who delivered both the first and second @entity1 in our medical center ("stayers") were compared with parturients who delivered their first @entity1 in a different hospital ("switchers"). Groups were compared in regard to history of CS in the first @entity532 in the second delivery, including CS, @entity365 ( @entity365 ), @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ), and postpartum @entity548 (PPH). Logistic regressions were constructed to study if delivering elsewhere between the first and second deliveries was a risk for adverse pregnancy outcome, followed by multivariate analysis controlling for confounders. RESULTS: In all, 4166 parturients were included: "stayers"  =  3163 and "switchers"  =  1003. History of CS in the first delivery was approximately twice as prevalent in "switchers" (12 versus 6.3  %, p  <  0.000). "Switchers" experienced higher rates of CS: OR  =  1.8 (95  % CI 1.2-2.3); @entity365 : OR  =  1.3 (95  % CI 0.8-2.1); and @entity3152 (<37(w)): OR  =  1.4 (95  % CI 1.0-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Parturients who deliver elsewhere between the first and second childbirth are at increased risk for CS and @entity3152 in the second delivery; hence, the decision to deliver elsewhere after the first delivery should be considered as a risk marker for @entity2143 complication.

title: Delivering elsewhere between the first and second deliveries is a risk marker for XXXX complications in the second delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'PTD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['delivery and obstetric complications']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['instrumental vaginal delivery', 'IVD']

answer: @entity2143 :: (MESH:D048949,Disease) :: ['obstetric']


abstract: @entity43 is a highly metastatic disease. @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) levels are elevated in ascites from @entity43 @entity1 , but its potential role in @entity43 @entity3 has just begun to be revealed. In this work, we show that @entity4991 stimulates invasion of primary @entity43 cells, but not ovarian epithelial or borderline @entity43 cells, although these benign cells indeed respond to @entity4991 in cell migration. We have found that @entity4991 downregulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). @entity1552 and @entity8111 play functional role in @entity4991 -induced invasion as negative regulators. G(i) protein, @entity4357 -3 kinase (PI3K), @entity1435 (MAPK), cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and @entity2290 (uPA) are required for @entity4991 -induced cells invasion. @entity8111 may affect two independent downstream targets, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and p38 MAPK. In vivo, @entity4991 stimulates tumor @entity3 in an orthotopic @entity43 model, which can be inhibited by a PI3K inhibitor, @entity2306 . In summary, @entity4991 is likely a key component for promoting @entity43 in vivo. @entity4991 downregulates @entity8111 , which may have targets other than metalloproteinases. Our in vivo @entity3 @entity19 model is useful for studying the efficacy of therapeutic regimes of @entity43 .

title: XXXX downregulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, which are negatively involved in @entity4990 -induced cell invasion.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian metastasis', 'ovarian cancer', 'ovarian tumor', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase type plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']