abstract: A 33-years-old @entity1 was diagnosed as having undifferentiated @entity189 presenting with right neck lymphadenopathy in December 2000. He obtained complete remission (CR) following chemotherapy, radiation and lymphadenectomy on the right neck. He had multiple para-aorta lymphadenopathy and @entity381 in December 2001. An open-abdominal lymph node biopsy was performed from which a diagnosis of @entity2108 was made. CR was achieved with biweekly @entity3726 , however, the @entity1 suffered from a relapse twice. He underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from his HLA-matched sister while in non-CR in November 2002. Engraftment was achieved on day 14, and at the same time, complete chimerism was confirmed. Acute @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) developed and was controlled with @entity205 and @entity617 . Extensive chronic @entity2132 was subsequently observed and required systemic immunosuppression. His condition returned to CR after the PBSCT and he sustained complete chimerism. He suddenly died of fulminant @entity9818 seven months after the PBSCT. The @entity5 cells were @entity7041 -positive, @entity5823 -negative and JH rearrangement was detected, and were therefore classified as diffuse large @entity1892 with expression of @entity7041 according to the WHO classification, though they differed from this subtype in some points. Although this case was refractory for chemotherapy with a complex karyotype, the graft-versus- @entity706 effect might have contributed to the sustained CR following the PBSCT.

title: [ @entity5823 -negative diffuse large @entity1892 expressing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'grade III graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity7041 :: (238,Gene) :: ['ALK]']


abstract: The Endocrine Society guidelines suggest to screen @entity1 with @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ) free of @entity101 medications or alternatively to switch to drugs known to have minimal influence on the @entity1369 to @entity916 ratio (ARR). We retrospectively investigated the impact of such strategy on clinical outcome. 25 @entity1 with @entity1368 and 25 with essential @entity101 (EH) were studied. Initially all subjects were evaluated biochemically and received if possible an adjustment of their medication following the guidlines. Mineralocorticoid antagonists were discontinued in all subjects. Only 26 of 50 @entity1 could be studied under optimal conditions (drug free or on medication with minimal influence on ARR) whereas the remaining 24 subjects had to receive additional drugs (such as ACE inhibitor, angiotensin-2 receptor blocker, or betablockers) because of initial blood pressure or comorbidities. Every fifth @entity1 with a switch of the medication experienced a significant increase in blood pressure. 13 of 25 of @entity1368 @entity1 needed @entity972 supplementation (105+/-25 mEq per day; range 8-320 mEq). Nine of these @entity1 remained @entity8598 despite substitution (serum K 2.82+/-0.07 mmol/l), with 7 classified severely @entity8598 (<.3.0). We observed 6 serious adverse events requiring hospitalization including @entity101 crisis (n   =   3), @entity955 (n   =   1), @entity712 (n   =   1) and @entity1479 triggered electric shock (n   =   1). In conclusion, in our experience the adjustment of the antihypertensive treatment during screening for @entity1368 is only possible in approximately half of @entity1 and can cause severe side effect. Such recommendation, therefore, must include a note of caution because of possibly deleterious side effects.

title: Commentary on the Endocrine Society Practice Guidelines: Consequences of adjustment of antihypertensive medication in screening of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity8598 :: ('MESH:D020514', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary aldosteronism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neonatal @entity2806 causes severe @entity75 in newborns. Following @entity63 , rapidly accumulating oxidants injure neurons and interrupt ongoing developmental processes. The antioxidant, sodium pyruvate, has been shown to reduce @entity528 in neonatal @entity35 under conditions of @entity13897  ( @entity13897 ) and @entity63 . In this study, we evaluated the effects of ethyl pyruvate  (EP) and insulin  -like growth factor  -I  ( @entity2135 ) alone or in combination in a similar setting. For this purpose, we used an in  vitro model involving primary neonatal @entity35 cortical neurons subjected to @entity13897 for 2.5  h and an in  vivo model involving unilateral carotid ligation in @entity35 on post-natal day  7 with exposure to 8%  @entity519 for 2.5  h. The cultured neurons were examined by lactate dehydrogenase  (LDH) and cell viability assays. For the in  vivo experiments, behavioral development was evaluated by the foot fault test at 4  weeks of recovery. 2,3,5  -Triphenyltetrazolium chloride monohydrate and cresyl violet staining were used to evaluate @entity63 . The injured neurons were Fluoro  -Jade  B-labeled, new neuroprecursors were double labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecortin, new mature neurons were BrdU-labeled and neuronal nuclei were labeled by immunofluorescence. Under conditions of @entity13897 , the LDH levels increased and neuronal viability decreased. Treatment with 0.5  mM EP or 25  ng/ml @entity2135 protected the neurons (P<0.05), exerting additive effects. Similarly, either the early administration of EP or delayed treatment with @entity2135 protected the neonatal @entity35 brains against @entity63 and improved neurological performance and these effects were also additive. This effect may be the result of reduced @entity528 , and enhanced neurogenesis and maturation. On the whole, our findings demonstrate that the combination of the early administration of EP with delayed treatment with @entity2135 exerts neuroprotective effects against @entity63 in neonatal @entity35 brains.

title: Combination treatment with ethyl pyruvate and XXXX exerts neuroprotective effects against brain injury in a @entity35 model of neonatal @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity13897 :: ('MESH:D018149', 'Disease') :: ['oxygen glucose deprivation', 'OGD']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['HI injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity2135 :: (24482(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite availability of @entity565 self-management interventions for @entity1 , few have been implemented in community-based settings. OBJECTIVE: To describe implementation of the Inner-City Asthma Intervention and factors associated with higher rates of program completion by enrollees. METHODS: Descriptive analyses of data from multiple data sources. Two-tailed Pearson correlation coefficients and analyses of variance were used to calculate associations of descriptive variables with the retention rate (percentage of enrolled @entity1 who completed the core intervention and had more than 1 follow-up visit) and with the percentage who had @entity566 testing done. RESULTS: A total of 4,174 @entity1 were enrolled at 22 sites; 2,153 (52%) completed the core intervention and had more than 1 follow-up visit. A total of 2,014 enrolled @entity1 (48%) were tested for @entity566 . Retention was related to type and location of site, ease of obtaining written plans, language and ethnicity of @entity565 counselor, and on-site @entity566 testing. Higher rates of @entity566 testing were associated with the same factors, as well as flexibility in scheduling and selective enrollment of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Inner-city @entity1 with @entity565 can be enrolled in the Inner-City Asthma Intervention outside a controlled research setting. However, completion of all intervention components is difficult to achieve. We identify having an @entity565 counselor who is representative of the community, access to @entity565 action plans, and on-site @entity566 testing as factors that facilitate the implementation of this intervention in community-based settings.

title: Implementation of an XXXX intervention in the inner city.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity9052 -yoei-to (NYT), a Japanese traditional medicine, is used to treat athrepsia due to surgery, @entity448 , cold constitution, and @entity417 . There are reports of the effects of NYT on the nervous system; however, there have been no behavioral studies of the effect of NYT on olfactory function. The olfactory system undergoes continuous replacement of sensory neurons. Morphologic and behavioral studies have shown that the olfactory system recovers after bilateral olfactory nerve transection (BNX). However, in the @entity1 , olfactory function does not always recover. In this study, we examined the effect of oral NYT on behavioral recovery after BNX. Fourteen @entity19 were subjected to BNX. The regular diet was mixed with 2% NYT (NYT diet). @entity19 were separated into two groups; seven @entity19 were fed the regular diet (control group), and seven @entity19 were fed the NYT diet (NYT group). NYT was administered beginning 7 days prior to BNX and continuing for 35 days after BNX. @entity19 in both groups had free access to food and water. Olfactory function was evaluated by testing each @entity19 's ability to avoid @entity2708 balls treated with @entity1543 . After BNX, @entity19 lost their ability to avoid @entity2708 balls treated with @entity1543 . In the control group, the time for behavioral recovery after BNX was 28 days. In the NYT group, the time for behavioral recovery after BNX was 21 days. NYT hastened behavioral recovery after BNX. NYT may have therapeutic benefits for @entity1 with @entity4838 .

title: Effect of XXXX -yoei-to (Rensheng-Yangrong-Tang) on olfactory behavior after olfactory nerve transection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory disorders']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['Ninjin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Open reduction and rigid internal fixation has become the generally accepted method of treatment for displaced @entity174 of the olecranon in order to allow early mobilisation and to prevent contracture of the elbow. @entity9256 of olecranon are unstable, therefore, bone graft and tension band wiring are supposed to give good stability. Here we give an account of our experience with this procedure. METHODS: We treated ten @entity1 with comminuted @entity174 of the olecranon by multiple tension-band wiring and a graft from the iliac crest between 1999 and 2002 at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. After initial immobilization strengthening and endurance exercises were started. The @entity1 were followed up for stability, muscle strength, active range of flexion and extension at elbow and rotation of forearm. RESULTS: The time to union of the @entity174 was 3 to 7 months. No @entity1 reported difficulties with activities of daily living or symptoms of instability of the elbow. The median flexion was up to 135 degrees (125 degrees to 145 degrees) with a median flexion contracture of 15 degrees (range 10 degrees to 30 degrees). The median pronation was 70 degrees (60 degrees to 80 degrees) and median supination 79 degrees (70 degrees to 90 degrees). Only three @entity1 had mild @entity158 and loss of strength. Five @entity1 had excellent and 5 good results with a median Broberg and Morrey index score of 94.5 points (84 to 100). CONCLUSION: Our results are in accordance with those reported from other centres and the technique is thought to be a practical alternative to plate fixation of @entity174 with extreme comminution.

title: Management of comminuted XXXX of the olecranon by tension band wiring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['Comminuted fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'olecranon fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a high insoluble-fiber (HF) diet containing 12% cellulose in dry matter and a low insoluble-fiber (LF) diet on control of glycemia in @entity235 with naturally acquired @entity1723 . DESIGN: Prospective randomized crossover controlled trial. ANIMALS: 11 @entity235 with naturally acquired @entity6 . PROCEDURE: @entity235 were fed HF and LF diets for 8 months each in 1 of 2 randomly assigned diet sequences. Caloric intake and insulin treatment were adjusted as needed to maintain stable body weight and control of glycemia, respectively. After a 2-month adaptation period, control of glycemia was evaluated every 6 weeks for 6 months. Variables assessed included serum @entity413 concentration measured during the preprandial state, blood glycosylated hemoglobin concentration, serum @entity413 concentration measured every 2 hours for 24 hours beginning at the time of the morning insulin injection, 24-hour mean serum @entity413 concentration, mean serum @entity413 concentration fluctuation from the 24-hour mean serum @entity413 concentration, and 24-hour urinary excretion of @entity413 . RESULTS: Significant differences in mean daily caloric intake, body weight, or daily insulin dosage among @entity235 fed HF and LF diets were not found. Mean preprandial serum @entity413 concentration, most postprandial serum @entity413 concentrations, 24-hour mean serum @entity413 concentration, and 24-hour urinary excretion of @entity413 were significantly lower in @entity235 fed the HF diet, compared with the LF diet. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results of this study support feeding of commercially available insoluble fiber diets to @entity235 with naturally acquired @entity6 .

title: Effect of dietary insoluble fiber on control of glycemia in @entity235 with naturally acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Case series report of twenty-three @entity1 , aged between 4 and 11 years, were surgically treated at the Authors' Spine Surgery Division in the past 15 years. Mean follow-up is 5 years (range, 18 months to 15 years). Mean age at the time of surgical procedure was 9.1 years (range, 4 years to 11 years). Average @entity1635 was 48   (range, 38   to 82  ) and skeletal maturity according to Risser sign was 0 in all of the @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into 2 Groups according to the surgical procedure adopted. Posterior only instrumentation was performed in 16 @entity1 that presented with a @entity1513 lower than 50   (Group A), in the remaining 7 @entity1 showing @entity1513 exceeding 50  , combined anterior and posterior instrumented arthrodesis was performed (Group B). One @entity1 , belonging to Group A, was instrumented with growing rod without fusion. Average correction of @entity1635 was 60%, overall complication rate 24% and major 7%. Crankshaft phenomenon was observed in 21% (Group A): in these cases, anterior arthrodesis was performed after a mean 15-month from first surgical procedure. Fusion failure was observed in 1 (Group B) @entity1 who underwent revision of posterior instrumentation. Clinical and radiographic evaluation at F-up showed good outcome in terms of deformity progression and quality of life. Early and @entity146 surgery is the most effective management for @entity3986 in @entity4786 has been proven to be. Our experience confirms the need for spinal stabilization even in pediatric age in rapidly progressive @entity85 .

title: Surgical treatment of early onset XXXX in @entity4786 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic curves']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: @entity1218 is the principal positive regulator of TSH synthesis and secretion in @entity1 . T3 is able to control @entity1218 synthesis through feedback inhibition at the transcriptional level, presumably by binding to its receptor which interacts with one or more negative thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) present within the @entity1 @entity1218 promoter. In the present study we have identified the specific negative TREs within the @entity1218 promoter and characterized their ability to interact with thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), and the @entity13351 ( @entity13351 ). Our analysis demonstrates that ligand-independent and dependent regulation of the @entity1 @entity1218 promoter is restricted to the @entity11112 1 isoform. Deletional analysis of the @entity1218 promoter identified two discrete regions that are responsible for mediating ligand-dependent negative regulation of the @entity1218 promoter. Mutagenesis of potential TR binding half-sites within these regions identified three separate half-sites (site 4 from -55 to -60 base pairs (bp); site 5, +14 to +19 bp; and site 6, +37 to +42 bp) which act in combination to allow for negative regulation. Mutation and/or deletion of each of these sites leads to a loss of negative regulation of the @entity1218 promoter by T3. Gel-mobility shift assays of site 4 and its surrounding @entity2036 revealed that this region of the promoter is capable of binding TR monomers, homodimers, and TR- @entity13351 heterodimers. Mutagenesis of site 4 leads to a loss of all binding to this region. The region encompassing sites 5 and 6 binds only TR monomer, and the addition of @entity13351 to the binding reaction leads to a loss of specific monomeric binding. To assess the functional importance of site 4 and its surrounding @entity2036 we cotransfected @entity13351 isoforms along with @entity11112 with @entity1218 promoter constructs containing either site 4 or its mutant. In the presence of wild type site 4 sequence, cotransfected @entity13351 enhanced negative regulation of the @entity1218 promoter. Mutation and or deletion of site 4 leads to a loss of this enhancement. These data demonstrate that two structurally different negative TREs cooperate to allow for negative regulation of the @entity1 @entity1218 promoter and that negative regulation is TR isoform-specific and modulated by the @entity13351 -signaling pathway through a novel negative TRE.

title: The XXXX thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene is regulated by thyroid hormone through two distinct classes of negative thyroid hormone response elements.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity13351 :: ('6256', 'Gene') :: ['retinoid X receptor', 'RXR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity134 -free maintenance immunosuppression is frequently initiated early after transplantation. There is concern that later @entity134 withdrawal, particularly after previous rejection, may cause more serious rejection. To determine the safety of gradual weaning from @entity134 maintenance, 68 @entity1 (more than 6 months from transplantation) were weaned from 5 mg/day by decreasing the daily dose by 1 mg each month, with monthly biopsies. Asymptomatic moderate rejection occurred in 13 compliant @entity1 . Rejection with hemodynamic compromise occurred in two @entity1 with documented medication noncompliance, who were excluded from further analysis. Successful weaning without rejection was possible in 53 of 66 (80%) compliant @entity1 . Compared with the rejection group, there were no differences in the number of @entity1 , previous rejection episodes, or time from transplantation. All moderate rejection episodes responded to oral @entity134 pulse therapy. The two serious rejections after noncompliance responded to OKT3. There were no symptoms from @entity134 withdrawal that required taper alteration. We conclude that regardless of previous rejection episodes, weaning from maintenance @entity230 can be attempted safely if guided by frequent biopsy procedures, but compliance is critical.

title: Initial success of XXXX weaning late after heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The monogenic @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) is associated with better survival in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 . Whether family history of @entity14 affects @entity14 prognosis in general remains unclear. We evaluated overall mortality in a Danish cohort of @entity14 @entity1 comparing @entity1 with a family history (FHpos) to those without (FHneg) with focus on @entity1 from non-syndromic families, thus FHpos @entity1 were further divided into a non-syndromic group (FHNS) and a HNPCC/ @entity4309 group (FHHNPCC). We included @entity14 @entity1 diagnosed 1995-1998. First degree relatives were identified using Danish population registries and family history was obtained by linkage to Danish medical registries. 1- and 5-year mortality were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression, with adjustment for age, sex, @entity5 site, @entity5 stage, and comorbidity. 1196 @entity14 @entity1 were included in the study, 219 FHpos @entity1 of whom 197 were FHNS @entity1 . 1- and 5-year adjusted Mortality Rate Ratios comparing FHpos @entity1 to FHneg @entity1 were 0.99 (95  % CI 0.69, 1.42) and 1.07 (95  % CI 0.87, 1.32), respectively. For FHNS @entity1 , the corresponding MRRs were 1.01 (95  % CI 0.69, 1.47) and 1.15 (95  % CI 0.93, 1.43). For the FHHNPCC @entity1 MRRs were 0.84 (95  % CI 0.29, 2.44) and 0.66 (95  % CI 0.33, 1.31), respectively. In contrast to the lower mortality in @entity4309 @entity1 , other types of familial @entity14 do not seem to affect the survival after @entity14 diagnosis.

title: Survival in familial XXXX : a Danish cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'LS']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a more precise estimate of long-term survival observed for ipilimumab-treated @entity1 with advanced @entity320 , we performed a pooled analysis of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) data from multiple studies. METHODS: The primary analysis pooled @entity1349 data for 1,861 @entity1 from 10 prospective and two retrospective studies of ipilimumab, including two phase III trials. @entity1 were previously treated (n = 1,257) or treatment naive (n = 604), and the majority of @entity1 received ipilimumab 3 mg/kg (n = 965) or 10 mg/kg (n = 706). We also conducted a secondary analysis of @entity1349 data (n = 4,846) with an additional 2,985 @entity1 from an expanded access program. @entity1349 rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Among 1,861 @entity1 , median @entity1349 was 11.4 months (95% CI, 10.7 to 12.1 months), which included 254 @entity1 with at least 3 years of survival follow-up. The survival curve began to plateau around year 3, with follow-up of up to 10 years. Three-year survival rates were 22%, 26%, and 20% for all @entity1 , treatment-naive @entity1 , and previously treated @entity1 , respectively. Including data from the expanded access program, median @entity1349 was 9.5 months (95% CI, 9.0 to 10.0 months), with a plateau at 21% in the survival curve beginning around year 3. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the largest analysis of @entity1349 to date for ipilimumab-treated @entity1 with advanced @entity320 . We observed a plateau in the survival curve, beginning at approximately 3 years, which was independent of prior therapy or ipilimumab dose. These data add to the evidence supporting the durability of long-term survival in ipilimumab-treated @entity1 with advanced @entity320 .

title: Pooled Analysis of Long-Term Survival Data From Phase II and Phase III Trials of Ipilimumab in Unresectable or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Metastatic Melanoma']


abstract: It has been suggested that poor long-term prognosis of acute rejection is due to hyperfiltration-mediated injury secondary to the @entity8 , rather than to ongoing immunological mechanisms. A total of 953 renal transplant recipients was reviewed to examine the effect of acute rejection episodes on graft function and survival; 40% had no rejections, 45% one, 12% two and 3% three. Rejection episodes adversely affected short- and long-term prognosis (5-year survival for no rejections, 62%; one, 34%; two, 26%; three, 19%, P < 0.001) and @entity1011 clearance at one year ( @entity37298 ) (none, 56.7 ml/ min; one, 51.1; two, 52.9; three, 35.2, P < 0.01). This was mainly due to increased graft loss, but @entity1 survival was also reduced (5-year survival for no rejections, 77%; one, 76%; two, 63%; three, 53%, P < 0.05). There was no overall effect of rejection number, independently of @entity37298 . However, subgroup analysis showed a detrimental effect of rejection number on grafts with high residual function, i.e. @entity37298 > 60 ml/min (5-year graft survival none and one, 87%; two and three, 71%, P < 0.01). Late initial rejection episodes adversely affected prognosis (5-year survival 1-7 days, 34%; 8-60, 31%; 60-300, 21%, P < 0.05) and residual graft function ( @entity37298 1-7 days, 56.2 ml/min; 8-60, 48.7; 60-300, 44.6, P < 0.01). In conclusion, the poor long-term prognostic effect of rejection episodes is mainly, but not entirely, related to initial graft destruction. Late (> 2 months after transplantation) initial rejection is an important independent risk factor for graft loss.

title: The effect of acute rejection on long-term renal graft survival is mainly related to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['initial renal damage']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['initial renal damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pilot studies have suggested benefit from intravenous administration of bone marrow mononuclear stem cells (BMSCs) in @entity64 . We explored the efficacy and safety of autologous BMSCs in subacute @entity385 . METHODS: This was a phase II, multicenter, parallel group, randomized trial with blinded outcome assessment that included 120 @entity1 . @entity1 with subacute @entity385 were randomly assigned to the arm that received intravenous infusion of autologous BMSCs or to control arm. Coprimary clinical efficacy outcomes were Barthel Index score and modified Rankin scale at day 180. Secondary outcomes were change in @entity1188 volume, National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) at day 90 and 180. Main safety outcomes were adverse events, any new area of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography uptake in any body part over 365 days. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 received a mean of 280.75 million BMSCs at median of 18.5 days after @entity64 onset. There was no significant difference between BMSCs arm and control arm in the Barthel Index score (63.1 versus 63.6; P=0.92), modified Rankin scale shift analysis (P=0.53) or score >3 (47.5% versus 49.2%; P=0.85), NIHSS score (6.3 versus 7.0; P=0.53), change in @entity1188 volume (-11.1 versus -7.36; P=0.63) at day 180. Adverse events were also similar in the 2 arms, and no @entity1 showed any new area of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS: With the methods used, results of this hitherto first randomized controlled trial indicate that intravenous infusion of BMSCs is safe, but there is no beneficial effect of treatment on @entity64 outcome. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URLs: http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: CTRI-ROVCTRI/2008/091/0004 and NCT0150177.

title: Intravenous autologous bone marrow mononuclear stem cell therapy for XXXX : a multicentric, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity2817 is in 5-20% the source of massive @entity360 in the elderly. The etiology is unknown. We describe 8 @entity1 with multiple intestinal @entity548 from an @entity2817 , treated between 1986 and 1989. The mean age of the @entity1 was 49.1 years. Four @entity1 were older than 65 years. The localisations were in 6 cases the ascendic colon, in one case the terminal ileum and rectum each. Selective mesenteric arteriography has proved to be the best method of diagnosis. Isotope studies and endoscopies may not demonstrate the localisation in acute @entity548 . The treatment of @entity2817 is the segmental resection of the effected portion of the bowel. In 5 of 8 @entity1 we performed the right hemicolectomy, in 3 @entity1 the resection of the terminal ileum (n = 2) or rectum (n = 1). The follow up of our @entity1 was 15 to 44 month.

title: [Diagnosis and surgical procedure in intestinal XXXX as a sequela of vascular abnormalities ( @entity2817 )].

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['Angiodysplasia', 'angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: Fifty-two @entity1 with hormonally unresponsive or @entity172 receptor negative metastatic @entity0 who had not received prior chemotherapy received @entity2664 10 mg/m2, @entity786 500 mg/m2, and @entity1487 1000 mg/m2 (MCF) by short intravenous infusion every 21 days. Disease that was resistant or stable to this regimen was treated with @entity632 25 mg/m2/day for two days and @entity5713 1.4 mg/m2/day for four days (DV). Both drugs were given by continuous infusion. Thirty-one partial remissions and four complete remissions occurred after treatment with MCF. Only thirty-four evaluable @entity1 crossed to the DV phase with partial remission (11 @entity1 ), stable (five @entity1 ), or resistant (18 @entity1 ) disease. Eleven @entity1 ' responses were upgraded. The median overall @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), defined as the sum of the @entity1054 on MCF and @entity1054 on DV, was 12 months. The median survival of all @entity1 was 19 months. @entity3028 was the dose limiting @entity137 for MCF, but cumulative @entity882 was noted. @entity390 and @entity391 occurred in most @entity1 but was mild. Severe @entity1665 occurred in half the @entity1 . One @entity1 developed @entity712 after receiving a cumulative dose of 206 mg/m2 of @entity2664 . The incidence of @entity166 was 35% on each regimen; 50% of these were mild. MCF is an effective combination that was well tolerated. Objective responses, durations of response, and survival were similar, but not superior, to standard @entity632 -based combinations. @entity137 was somewhat less.

title: @entity2664 , @entity786 , and XXXX in metastatic @entity0 unresponsive to hormonal therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['Granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5052 may underlie @entity28 and @entity74 , but the impact of @entity353 and @entity2449 on serum @entity414 (sUA) in Caucasian @entity1 /adolescents is unknown. METHODS: One hundred and thirteen @entity1 /adolescents were enrolled (83 completed) into 1-year @entity353 program (diet+exercise) without or with @entity2449 . Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were conducted at baseline and at the end of follow-up (13    3 months). RESULTS: sUA decreased in 86% females and 67% males. Significantly more @entity1 substantially (>=  10%) reduced their sUA than body mass index (BMI)%. In females, sUA decreased regardless of type of intervention, but more markedly in the @entity2449 group, and   sUA correlated positively with   BMI%,   WHtR (waist-to-height ratio),   insulin,   HOMA (homeostasis model of assessment), and   @entity1674 /high density lipoprotein (HDL), but correlated negatively with baseline sUA, HOMA, insulin, and @entity1674 /HDL. Of these, @entity2449 treatment, baseline sUA, and   BMI% were independent predictors of sUA reduction, explaining 77% of data variability. In males, sUA reduction was significant in the @entity2449 group only, and negatively correlated with   WHR (waist-to-hip ratio),   WHtR,   leptin, baseline sUA, and waist circumference. Of these, baseline sUA and   BMI% were independent predictors of sUA reduction, explaining 69% of data variability. Except for sUA, females reduced their BMI%, waist circumference, @entity1674 , @entity1674 /HDL and increased HDL, while males reduced total @entity165 . CONCLUSIONS: A longitudinal @entity353 program encompassing diet/exercise with or without @entity2449 was more efficient in reducing sUA than weight and its effect on sUA and other metabolic parameters differed between genders. Weight loss did not condition sUA reduction, which was strongly dependent on baseline levels. The sUA reducing effects of @entity2449 may contribute to its effects on blood pressure-lowering and endothelial function-improving properties in females.

title: The effect of a one-year XXXX program on serum @entity414 in overweight/obese @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight reduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10217 is a major health problem in the "African @entity693 Belt" where recurrent epidemics occur during the hot, dry season. In @entity3456 , a central country belonging to the @entity693 Belt, reported @entity693 cases varied between 1,000 and 13,000 from 2003 to 2009, with a case-fatality rate of 5-15%. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In order to gain insight in the epidemiology of @entity10217 in @entity3456 and to improve control strategies, the emergence of the epidemics and their diffusion patterns at a fine spatial scale have been investigated. A statistical analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of confirmed @entity10217 cases was performed between 2002 and 2009, based on health centre catchment areas (HCCAs) as spatial units. Anselin's local Moran's I test for spatial autocorrelation and Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic were used to identify spatial and spatio-temporal clusters of cases. Spatial clusters were detected every year and most frequently occurred within nine southern districts. Clusters most often encompassed few HCCAs within a district, without expanding to the entire district. Besides, strong intra-district heterogeneity and inter-annual variability in the spatio-temporal @entity3082 patterns were observed. To further investigate the benefit of using a finer spatial scale for surveillance and disease control, we compared timeliness of @entity3082 detection at the HCCA level versus district level and showed that a decision based on threshold estimated at the HCCA level may lead to earlier detection of outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings provide an evidence-based approach to improve control of @entity693 in @entity3004 . First, they can assist public health authorities in @entity3456 to better adjust allocation of resources (antibiotics, rapid diagnostic tests and medical staff). Then, this spatio-temporal analysis showed that surveillance at a finer spatial scale (HCCA) would be more efficient for public health response: outbreaks would be detected earlier and reactive vaccination would be better targeted.

title: Analysing spatio-temporal clustering of @entity10217 outbreaks in XXXX reveals opportunities for improved disease control.

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis', 'Meningococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['sub-Saharan Africa']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopically assisted sigmoid resection has become an accepted method for treating uncomplicated @entity4436 . This prospective study aimed to compare the results of laparoscopic sigmoid resection for uncomplicated and complicated sigmoid diverticular disease used to check the indication for the complicated stages of @entity4436 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic resection for sigmoid @entity4436 at the authors' hospital between 1999 and 2005 were divided into two groups: group 1 ( @entity66 ) and group 2 ( @entity66 ). The exclusion criteria specified generalized @entity298 , signs of @entity295 , and extensive previous abdominal surgery. RESULTS: Of the 203 @entity1 (108 @entity1 and 95 @entity1 ) who underwent laparoscopically assisted resection during the examination period, 112 were assigned to group 1 and 91 to group 2. Differences in favor of group 1 were found for the duration of surgery (154 vs 166 min), the conversion rate (1.8% vs 9.9%), the @entity6081 (2.7% vs 13.2%), and the postoperative hospitalization period (12.3 +/- 3.9 vs 15.0 +/- 5.6 days). No significant differences were seen in any other areas such as completion of nutritional buildup (4.6 vs 5.0 days) or time until the first postoperative bowel movement (2.8 vs 3.3 days). @entity86 (16.1% vs 26.4%; p = 0.10) tended to be increased in group 2, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic sigmoid resection can be performed for @entity1 who have complicated @entity4436 without significantly increasing their overall morbidity. This group of @entity1 could benefit from the advantages of the minimally invasive procedure despite a longer operating time and a higher conversion rate.

title: Can laparoscopically assisted sigmoid resection provide uncomplicated management even in cases of complicated XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complicated diverticular disease', 'uncomplicated diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Total postoperative morbidity']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors for 2009 @entity778 among healthcare personnel. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. @entity1 AND SETTING: @entity12767 ( @entity12767 ) in an acute care hospital. METHODS: Between September 14 and October 4, 2009, before 2009 H1N1 vaccination, we collected serological samples from 461 healthy @entity12767 . Hemagglutination-inhibition antibody assays were conducted. To evaluate the risk factors of seropositivity for 2009 H1N1 virus, gender, age, profession, work department, usage of personal protective equipment, and seasonal @entity683 vaccination status data were gathered via questionnaires. RESULTS: Our survey showed that doctors and nurses were at highest risk of seropositivity for the 2009 H1N1 virus (odds ratio [OR], 5.25 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.21-22.7]). An increased risk of seropositivity was observed among pediatric, emergency room, and internal medicine staff (adjusted OR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.07-3.65]). Risk was also higher among @entity12767 who had high titers of antibodies against the seasonal H1N1 virus (adjusted OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.02-2.48]). CONCLUSIONS: Seropositivity for the 2009 H1N1 virus was associated with occupational risk factors among @entity12767 .

title: Pandemic 2009 XXXX among Japanese healthcare workers: seroprevalence and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus infection']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['HCWs', 'Healthcare workers']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity698 is the most common surgical emergency in @entity1 ; yet, diagnosis of equivocal presentations continues to challenge clinicians. AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the use of a modified clinical practice and harmonic ultrasonographic grading scores ( @entity922 ) may improve the accuracy in diagnosing @entity697 in the pediatric population. @entity1 _ METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES" NlmCategory="METHODS">Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the modified scoring system. Five hundred and thirty @entity1 presented with suspected diagnosis of @entity697 during the period from December 2000 to December 2009 were enrolled in this study. @entity1 's data that have already been published of those who presented with suspected diagnosis of @entity697 - to whom a special @entity922 ( @entity922 ) incorporating clinical judgment and results of gray scale ultrasonography (US) was applied- were reviewed and compared to the data of 265 pediatric @entity1 with equivocal diagnosis of @entity697 ( @entity697 ), to whom a @entity922 ( @entity922 ) was applied. Statistical analyses were carried out using Z test for comparing 2 sample proportions and student's t-test to compare the quantitative data in both groups. Sensitivity and specificity for the 2 scoring systems were calculated using Epi-Info software. RESULTS: The Number of appendectomies declined from 200 (75.5%) in our previous @entity922 to 187 (70.6%) in the @entity922 (P > 0.05).Specificity was significantly higher when applying @entity922 (90.7%) in this study compared to 70.47% in our previous work when @entity922 was applied (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) was significantly higher (95.72%) than in our previous study (82.88%), (P < 0.01). Overall agreement (accuracy) of @entity922 was 96.98%. Kappa = 0.929 (P < 0.001). Negative predictive power was 100%. And the Overall agreement (accuracy) was 96.98%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity922 tends to help in reduce the numbers of avoidable and unnecessary appendectomies in suspected cases of pediatric @entity697 that may help in saving hospital resources.

title: Role of clinical judgment and tissue harmonic imaging ultrasonography in diagnosis of paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['Appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['MCPGS', 'CPGS', 'modified clinical practice grading scores', 'clinical practice grading scores']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: AIM: It was the aim of this study to reveal whether and to what extent @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) was present 10 to 20 years after transfixation of the gliding epiphysis in @entity1 treated for @entity4039 ( @entity4039 ). METHOD: Clinical and radiological evaluations were undertaken of 20 @entity1 who were treated with a bilateral transfixation of the epiphysis with screws or Kirschner wires because of mild unilateral @entity4039 . The Harris hip score, the activity level according to Tegner and Lysholm and the range of motion of both @entity572 were noted. An impingement provocation test was performed on both sides. The femoral head-neck junction was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed in anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis and "cross table" lateral radiographs of both @entity572 . Quantitative assessment was achieved by measuring the alpha angle according to N  tzli et al. RESULTS: All except one @entity1 showed excellent results in the Harris hip score. The activity levels of the majority of @entity1 , however, were mediocre. There was no difference for flexion, whereas internal rotation and abduction significantly differed between affected and non-affected hips (p = 0.135, p = 0.002 and p = 0.007, respectively). The impingement provocation test was found positive in eight affected and five non-affected hips (p = 0.004). The alpha angle was significantly different between affected and non-affected hips in the anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis (86 vs. 61 degrees; p < 0.001), but not so, however, in the "cross table" lateral radiographs (52 vs. 46 degrees; p = 0.145). CONCLUSION: Clinical evaluation of 20 @entity1 at a mean of 14.9 years after transfixation of the epiphysis revealed some evidence for the presence of @entity1743 in affected @entity572 . Radiological evaluation suggests that its localisation is more lateral and less anterior.

title: [Transfixation in XXXX : long-term evidence for @entity1743 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoro-acetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'SCFE']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis']


abstract: @entity5445 -(7-36) @entity6346 ( @entity6757 ) is an incretin hormone of the enteroinsular @entity2270 . Recent experimental evidence in animals and healthy subjects suggests that @entity6757 has a role in controlling appetite and energy intake in @entity1 . We have therefore examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 12 @entity1 with @entity2175 the effect of intravenously infused @entity6757 on appetite sensations and energy intake. On 2 days, either saline or @entity6757 (1.5 pmol. kg-1. @entity1009 ) was given throughout the experiment. Visual analog scales were used to assess appetite sensations; furthermore, food and fluid intake of a test meal were recorded, and blood was sampled for analysis of plasma @entity413 and hormone levels. @entity6757 infusion enhanced satiety and fullness compared with placebo (P = 0.028 for fullness and P = 0.026 for hunger feelings). Energy intake was reduced by 27% by @entity6757 (P = 0.034) compared with saline. The results demonstrate a marked effect of @entity6757 on appetite by showing enhanced satiety and reduced energy intake in @entity1 with @entity2175 .

title: @entity5445 promotes satiety and reduces food intake in XXXX with diabetes mellitus type 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity10673 ( @entity10673 ) is an @entity74 comprising a wide range of abnormalities, including stunted growth, @entity465 , sun sensitivity and increased frequency of various types of @entity5 . @entity10673 cells display a high level of genetic instability, including a 10-fold increase in the sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) level. @entity10673 arises through mutations in both alleles of the @entity60048 gene, which was identified as a member of the RecQ helicase family. In this study, we screened a Tunisian family with three @entity10673 @entity1 . Cytogenetic analysis showed several chromosomal aberrations, and an approximately 14-fold elevated SCE frequency in @entity10673 cells. A significant increase in SCE frequency was observed in some family members but not reaching the @entity10673 @entity1 values, leading to suggest that this could be due to the heterozygous profile. Microsatellite genotyping using four fluorescent dye-labeled microsatellite markers revealed evidence of linkage to @entity60048 locus and the healthy members, sharing higher SCE frequency, showed heterozygous haplotypes as expected. Additionally, the direct @entity60048 gene sequencing identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation @entity61477 (p.K1207fsX9) in @entity10673 @entity1 and a heterozygous @entity60048 mutation in the family members with higher SCE frequency. Our findings suggest that this latter mutation likely leads to a reduced @entity60048 activity explaining the homologous recombination repair defect and, therefore, the increase in SCE. Based on the present data, the screening of this mutation could contribute to the rapid diagnosis of @entity10673 . The genetic confirmation of the mutation in @entity60048 gene provides crucial information for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

title: A novel frameshift mutation in XXXX gene associated with high sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in heterozygous family members.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomic recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity10673 :: ('MESH:D001816', 'Disease') :: ['BS', 'Bloom syndrome']

answer: @entity60048 :: (641,Gene) :: ['BLM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: My colleagues and I have been using intraoperative @entity2585 ( @entity2585 ) to evaluate lumpectomy margins in an attempt to reduce the number of additional operations that @entity1 with @entity513 in @entity0 would have to endure. We review our experience in breast-conservation therapy (BCT) at the University of Florida (Gainesville) to determine the effectiveness of this approach. STUDY DESIGN: Operative reports, operative logs, and pathology reports were retrospectively reviewed for @entity1 who had BCT from January 2001 to January 2004. Ninety-seven @entity1 (116 operations) were reviewed. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 required an additional operation (19.6%). Forty-three @entity1 had positive margins on @entity982 -embedded histologic analysis (44.3%). Accuracy of @entity2585 was 84% when evaluated on a per-case basis, and 96% on a per-slide basis. False negatives were identified in 22 @entity1 , affecting the operative pathway of 19 @entity1 (19.6%) and were identified more frequently in cases of @entity513 in situ (p < 0.001). There were no false positives. Additional operative time required for @entity2585 was approximately 13 minutes per case. Eighty-four (86.6%) @entity1 had successful BCT and 13 @entity1 (13.4%) required mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative analysis of margins using @entity2585 is effective at minimizing the number of additional operations, with 19 @entity1 benefiting from immediate intervention in this study. The authors believe that the number of second operations prevented and the high BCT rates justify performing @entity2585 . @entity513 in situ is more difficult to identify in @entity2585 . Preoperative discussions with the @entity1 should reflect these findings.

title: Accuracy of intraoperative @entity2585 of XXXX lumpectomy-bed margins.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['situ or stage I and II breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma', 'ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['frozen-section analysis', 'FSA']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Using Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, we have successfully obtained the neutrophils from normal @entity1 donors, which can be used as particle antigens for immunizing BALB/c @entity19 . Hybridomas were produced through the fusion of @entity19550 @entity1582 cells and splenocytes from immunized BALB/c @entity19 . The ratio of fusion was 1:5. The cells were fused with 30% @entity968 (MW 4000). The rate of fusion was 90%. The antibody producing colonies against the membrane of neutrophils in HAT medium were selected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Antibody positive rate was 60% (102/170). Limiting dilution was used for colonization of the antibody-producing hybridoma cells. After colonization for three times, one hybridoma cell line was obtained, which could inhibit complement-mediated phagocytosis. Culture supernatant was used against class- and subclass- specific rabbit antisera (rabbit anti-mouse IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgGd22, IgG2b, @entity3172 ) in an agar immunodiffusion system, it was shown to be IgG22.

title: [Screening and identification of monoclonal antibodies against XXXX neutrophil and detection of inhibiting opsonic phagocytic activity].

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to induce elevated plasma concentrations of @entity972 (K+) efflux from active muscle cells during intense muscular exercise. The relationship between K+, pulmonary ventilation (VE) and EKG changes, specifically T-wave amplitude, is presently controversial. DESIGN: Repeated measures design. SETTING: @entity1 performance laboratory. @entity1 : Twelve volunteer trained recreational cyclists (10 males, mean age 31.9 +/- 7.4, and 2 females, mean age 27.5 +/- 0.7, mean VO2max 571.2 +/- 6.4 ml.kg. @entity1009 ). OUTCOME MEASURE: Subjects performed 10 min of pedaling at 90 rpm, yielding a power output of 45 W. @entity1009 on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer as a warm-up. Each exercise stage was 2 min in duration, beginning at 135 W and increased by 45 W thereafter until voluntary exhaustion. Respiratory gas exchange measures were obtained every 10 sec. Venous blood samples for K+ and @entity880 (LA-) determination were drawn at rest, at the end of stage 2, all subsequent stages, and during 3 and 10 min of recovery. EKG recordings were concurrent with venous sampling. RESULTS: Statistical analyses for VE vs. K+, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) vs. K+ and RER vs. LA- revealed neither significant change nor an associative relationship from stages 1-3. However, stages 4-8 were statistically significant (p < .05) and highly correlated. No relationship was found between K+ change and T-wave amplitude during exercise or recovery. CONCLUSION: These data indicate a strong relationship between selected respiratory gas exchange measures and K+ during intermediate to highly intense exercise.

title: Interrelationship between plasma XXXX concentration, pulmonary ventilation and electrocardiographic change during and after highly intense exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: @entity857 - @entity413 pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is one of the major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in higher plants. We report here the molecular cloning of two cDNAs encoding so far uncharacterized isoforms ( @entity62416 and @entity62417 ) of the @entity415 enzyme. Sequence analysis shows that the two polypeptides are more homologous to previously identified large subunit polypeptides from @entity415 and other plant species than to small subunit isoforms. This observation suggest that @entity62416 and @entity62417 represent novel large subunit polypeptides. @entity62416 is expressed in several tissues of the @entity415 plant, including leaves and tubers. Expression was stronger in sink leaves than in source leaves, indicating developmental regulation. In leaves, @entity62416 expression was induced 2- to 3-fold by exogenous @entity969 ; therefore, @entity62416 represents a new @entity969 -responsive gene of starch metabolism. Expression of @entity62417 was restricted to tubers: no @entity62417 expression could be seen in leaves of different developmental stages, or when leaves were incubated in @entity969 . Therefore, @entity62417 represents the only AGPase gene so far characterized from @entity415 , which is not expressed in leaves. Conversely, all four AGPase isoforms known from @entity415 are expressed in tubers.

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of novel isoforms of XXXX @entity857 - @entity413 pyrophosphorylase.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The need to perform procedural sedation for @entity1 has increased in recent years, and so has the experience of nonanesthesiologists in this field. The use of @entity1875 increases the success of satisfactory deep sedation, but it can produce rapid and profound decreases in level of consciousness and @entity177 . Data are needed to assess the safety of this drug outside an anesthesiology setting. OBJECTIVE: To assess safety and efficacy of procedural sedation with @entity1875 in a pediatric ward of a tertiary-care pediatric teaching hospital with trained personnel and monitoring facilities. METHODS: @entity1 admitted to the hospital who needed invasive procedures underwent procedural sedation by the pediatric sedation unit with intravenous @entity1875 . A training protocol was developed to educate nurses and residents. RESULTS: We performed 1059 procedures. Sedation was achieved in all procedures, and all but 1 were successfully performed. No @entity1 required intubation. Transient desaturation resolving spontaneously occurred in 134 (12.7%) of 1059 @entity1 . Major desaturation requiring a short course of ventilation occurred in 4 (0.8%) of 483 @entity1 undergoing upper endoscopies, in 1 (0.3%) of 287 @entity1 undergoing @entity158 procedures, and in none of the 289 @entity1 undergoing colonoscopies. @entity8822 occurred in 10 (2.1%) of 483 @entity1 undergoing upper endoscopies. CONCLUSIONS: In this experience, the use of @entity1875 with concurrent @entity26 administration allowed sedations in @entity1 with no significant complications for colonoscopies and @entity158 procedures. Complications in the group of upper endoscopies appear too high for recommending @entity1875 in a sedation unit with residents in attendance. This protocol of procedural sedation by nonanesthesiologists allowed a significant increase in the number of procedures performed with sedation and saved anesthesiology resources.

title: Deep sedation with XXXX by nonanesthesiologists: a prospective pediatric experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory function']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['Laryngospasm']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the birth weight of preterm @entity1 developing a new methodology in order to efficiently collect data. METHODS: We have analyzed the birthweight of 2,482 preterm babies with a gestational age between 24 and 36 weeks admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 1991 to 1998. The gestational age was determined from obstetric data. No selections were performed at the earlier stages of the study by excluding newborns with @entity154 , @entity295 , @entity1592 or obstetric pathologies. More selective criteria were applied at the final stage by using statistical tests. The @entity353 for every gestational age were identified with Box and Whisker graphs. The clinical records of these cases were analyzed and their characteristics described but these weights were excluded from the calculation of the percentiles. For each gestational age we evaluated if the weight distribution was assimilable to normal distribution by calculating the kurtosis, asymmetry by applying the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro test. RESULTS: In the majority of cases we found a normal weight distribution. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed methodology seems useful in making data collection for preterm centiles calculation simpler. A study of the clinical characteristics of the SGA and LGA identified with the normal procedure or with the proposed method might be useful in validating our approach to the definition of the percentiles.

title: Birthweight centiles in preterm XXXX . A new approach.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous and extreme weights']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The effects of maternal 50% food restriction (FR) during the last week of gestation and/or lactation on @entity444 (at birth and weaning), on circulating levels of @entity10672 (at weaning), and on the onset of puberty have been determined in @entity35 at birth and at weaning. Maternal FR during pregnancy has no effect at term on the litter size, on the basal level of @entity251 in male pups, and on the drastic surge of circulating @entity251 that occurs 2 h after birth. At weaning, similar retardation of body growth is observed in male and female pups from mothers exposed to FR. This undernutrition induces the most drastic effects when it is performed during both gestation and lactation or during lactation alone. @entity1032 of testicle growth with reduction of cross-sectional area and intratubular lumen of the seminiferous tubules is observed in male pups from mothers exposed to undernutrition during both gestation and lactation or during lactation alone. Maternal FR during the perinatal period reduces circulating levels of FSH in male pups without affecting LH and @entity251 concentrations. Maternal FR does not affect circulating levels of LH, @entity53 , and @entity1420 in female pups. Female pups from mothers exposed to FR during both gestation and lactation show a significant increase of plasma FSH as well as a @entity1032 of ovarian growth. The follicular population was also altered. The number of antral follicles of small size (vesicular follicles) was increased, although the number of antral follicles of large size (graafian follicles) was reduced. Maternal FR occurring during both late gestation and lactation (male and female pups), during lactation alone (male and female pups), or during late gestation (female pups) induces a drastic reduction of plasma @entity10672 and fat mass in pups at weaning. The onset of puberty is delayed in pups of both sexes from mothers exposed to FR during lactation and during both gestation and lactation. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that a perinatal @entity851 induced by maternal FR has long-term consequences on both size and histology of the genitals, on plasma gonadotropins and @entity10672 levels, on fat stores at weaning, and on the onset of puberty.

title: Effects of perinatal maternal food restriction on @entity444 and plasma XXXX level in @entity35 pup at birth and weaning and on timing of puberty.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['drastic retardation', 'Drastic retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-gonadal axis']

answer: @entity10672 :: (25608(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine variables that correlate with the survival of @entity1 with @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ). METHODS: Medical records of 101 eligible @entity1 with @entity4153 who were diagnosed in Saskatchewan from 1971 to 2002 were reviewed. Survival was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. A logistic regression analysis with a backward elimination was carried out to determine prognostic variables that predicted mortality. RESULTS: The median @entity1 age was 72 years (range, 24-100 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1. The primary disease sites were as follows: breast, 9%; gastrointestinal, 20%; genitourinary, 18%; gynecologic, 11%; head and neck, 10%; thymus, 2%; and unknown primary site, 31%. Fifty-one @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and 50 @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ). @entity1 with @entity66 had a median overall survival of 34 months (range, 0.2-276 months) compared with 2 months (range, 0.1-108 months) in @entity1 with @entity66 (P < .0001). Among different primary sites, @entity1 with gynecologic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) had a median survival of 54.4 months, whereas @entity1 with @entity5 of an unknown primary site had a survival of 2.5 months. Among various variables that were examined with respect to their prognostic importance, an abnormal white blood cell count (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.4-14.1), an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >2 (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.1-9.9), and @entity66 (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.0) were found to be correlated significantly with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts were the 2 major sites involved by @entity4153 in the current series. Survival varied according to the primary sites, and @entity1 with @entity5 had the best prognosis. An abnormal white blood cell count, a poor performance status, and disease extent were important factors in predicting survival.

title: XXXX : a Canadian province's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'small cell cancer', 'gynecologic tumors']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['EPSCC', 'extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['limited disease', 'LD', 'extensive disease', 'ED']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Extrapulmonary small cell cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Protein antigens applied epicutaneously by the patch method induce @entity56 mediated by IgE antibodies in @entity19 and simultaneously significant suppression of @entity630 -mediated @entity56 ( @entity56 ) reactions. METHODS: We developed a method in which protein antigens ( @entity291 collagen, @entity37544 , keratin, TNP-substituted @entity19 Ig) were homogenized with neutral cream. Animals treated epicutaneously with such preparations were tested for contact sensitivity to TNP hapten or @entity56 hypersensitivity to hemocyanin. Antigen specificity of induced @entity16715 was tested in vivo in 'transfer-in' and 'transfer-out' experiments. The influence of skin-induced regulatory cells on in vitro @entity665 uptake by immune cells as well as the possible mode of their action using anticytokine antibodies were tested. RESULTS: Our procedure in which different protein antigens are applied on the skin in the form of cream induces a state of antigen-nonspecific @entity16715 affecting cell-mediated immune responses in @entity19 . Cream alone has no such effect. Suppression is transferable in vivo by TCR-alphabeta lymphocytes, while Tgammadelta cells show no activity. In vitro, lymphoid cells of skin-tolerized @entity19 suppress @entity665 incorporation by immune cells and this effect can be abolished by adding anti- @entity641 but neither anti- @entity58 nor anti- @entity1618 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of antigen-specifity of @entity16715 induced by epicutaneous deposition of cream containing protein antigens resembles 'determinant spreading' in oral tolerance induced by antigen feeding. This may suggest that similar immunoregulatory mechanisms operate on these two bodily surfaces.

title: Epicutaneous application of protein antigens incorporated into cosmetic cream induces antigen-nonspecific @entity16715 in XXXX and affects the cell-mediated immune response.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine', '[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity16715 :: ('MESH:C567934', 'Disease') :: ['unresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'allergic dermatitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Investigations of gray matter changes in relation with @entity1833 ( @entity1833 ) have reported conflicting results. Assuming that alterations in gray matter might be related to certain symptoms in @entity161 this study aimed to investigate changes in cortical thickness specific to @entity1833 . It was hypothesized that @entity161 @entity1 suffering from persistent @entity1833 would show significant differences in cortical thickness in regions involved in language-production and perception when compared to @entity161 @entity1 which had never experienced any @entity1833 . METHODS: Using cortical thickness analysis the present study investigated ten @entity161 @entity1 suffering from @entity1833 , ten non-hallucinating @entity161 @entity1 , and ten healthy control subjects. Anatomical data were acquired on a 3  T MRI system, transformed into standard space and cortically aligned to investigate local differences in whole brain cortical thickness between the two @entity1 groups. Based on this comparison, brain regions with alterations specific for the @entity1 with @entity1833 were identified and then used as regions of interest to compare both @entity1 groups to the healthy subjects respectively. RESULTS: @entity1833 @entity1 showed gray matter reductions in the dominant hemisphere predominantly in sensory language areas relevant for speech processing. Increased cortical thickness was found in regions related to self-monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: Gray matter reductions in chronic @entity161 @entity1 may be the sequel of synaptic derangement or disease-related deregulation of language circuits. In order to clarify the ambiguous information processing additional demands might be put on cortical structures responsible for self-monitoring processes leading to changes in cortical thickness in the sense of neural plasticity.

title: Possible dysregulation of cortical plasticity in @entity1833 -A cortical thickness study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['AVH', 'auditory verbal hallucinations', 'hallucinations', 'Hallucinating']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1412 is a @entity74 with autossomic and dominant features, frequently associated to many extracolonic manifestations. AIM: To report extracolonic manifestations incidence and to analyze its impact on the disease's outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: Revision of @entity1 charts treated from 1977 to 2001, relating associated extracolonic manifestations and its complications. RESULTS: Among 59 @entity1412 @entity1 , 23 (38,9%) presented some extracolonic manifestations at diagnosis or during follow-up. There were registered 37 different extracolonic manifestations (1.6 per @entity1 ). The most common manifestations were @entity1181 and @entity989 , diagnosed in 25% and 20% of the investigated @entity1 , respectively. Other extracolonic manifestations were represented by upper digestive adenomas, @entity4890 , @entity765 (seven each), @entity356 (three) and @entity5 (two). @entity8977 were reported in six @entity1 , being @entity1321 in four and hidronephrosis in two; two deaths (28,5%) were registered. CONCLUSIONS: Extracolonic manifestations incidence is high (40%) and may affect disease's outcome and @entity1 's quality of life. For these reasons, the research, prevention and adequate treatment of extracolonic manifestations turn into vital importance in @entity1412 @entity1 .

title: [Extracolonic manifestations of XXXX : incidence and impact on the disease outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tireoid cancer']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity8977 :: ('MESH:C535944', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid-associated complications']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'Familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: AIM: To assess the level of inconsistency in replicating sonographic kidney size measurements in a population of healthy Nigerian @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, convenience sampling technique was used to select a sample of Nigerian @entity1 . Both consent from @entity1 and ethical approval from the local authority were obtained before the study commenced. Three radiologists carried out the replicate sonographic measurements using a DP-1100 mechanical sector scanner with a 3.5 MHz convex probe. All examinations were done with subjects in the supine oblique position. Longitudinal and transverse scans were performed. Renal lengths and widths were measured from the longitudinal scans while thickness was measured from the transverse scans. Renal volumes were calculated with the ellipsoid formula. Analysis of variance, Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and z-test were used to test the statistical significance of results. SPSS version 17.0 was used in the analysis of results while statistical significance of all results was tested at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Mean intra-observer measurement errors in replicate sonographic measurements of kidney sizes ranged from 0.36-0.43 cm, 0.22-0.63 cm, 0.37-0.52 cm and 5.93-9.62 ml for @entity8 , width, thickness and volume, respectively. Mean inter-observer measurement errors were in the range of 0.29-0.48 cm, 0.18-0.23 cm, 0.34-1.82 cm and 5.92-7.28 ml for length, width, thickness and volume, respectively. Mean intra-observer errors were not statistically significant (p < 0.05) but mean inter-observer errors were (p < 0.05). Differences in all measurement errors of @entity8 , width, thickness and volume were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Measurement errors correlated weakly with kidney sizes. @entity8 were not significantly different from what was reported among Caucasians (p > 0.05) whereas that of volume was (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Errors in replicate sonographic kidney size measurements obtained by a single observer were less than errors in the same measurements by different observers; therefore, replicate sonographic measurements by a single observer were more consistent in this population.

title: Observer Variability in Sonographic Measurement of Kidney Sizes among XXXX in Benin-City, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney length', 'Observer errors in renal length', 'right and left kidney length']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfactory deficits in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity191 ( @entity191 ) have been well established. OBJECTIVE: To clarify and review the literature by evaluating the evidence for @entity4838 in 3 olfactory domains, including odor identification, recognition, and detection threshold. DATA SOURCES: A literature search of English-language studies of olfaction in @entity195 , @entity191 , and healthy controls was conducted via online databases (PsycInfo and MEDLINE) and reference lists from review articles. STUDY SELECTION: To meet selection criteria for meta-analysis, each study required a control group and complete and usable data. This review yielded 26 publications of olfactory identification, recognition, and/or detection threshold. Because of the inclusion of more than 1 relevant study of olfaction in several of these publications (eg, both identification and threshold assessed), 43 studies were ultimately appropriate for meta-analysis. DATA EXTRACTION: Effect sizes were calculated for each study by expressing differences between @entity1 and control group means in SD units (Cohen's d). DATA SYNTHESIS: Extremely large effect sizes were shown across all tasks in both @entity195 and @entity191 groups. Both between-group analyses using the Mann-Whitney U test and within-group analyses using Friedman 2-way analysis of variance did not reveal any significant differences (all P > .30). CONCLUSIONS: As expected, severe deficits were found for both @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity191 in each of the 3 olfactory domains relative to controls. However, no discriminating @entity4838 were seen between @entity1 groups or among the 3 measured olfactory domains, suggesting a similar disturbance in olfactory function between @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity191 .

title: Olfaction in neurodegenerative disease: a meta-analysis of olfactory functioning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory deficits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases']


abstract: This study assessed the utility of myocardial @entity844 imaging using 123I-labeled 15-(beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanic acid (BMIPP) to evaluate improvement after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in @entity1 with chronic @entity453 . METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 (18 old @entity583 and 20 @entity951 @entity1 ) with chronic @entity3979 and 8 control subjects were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 underwent successful angioplasty, and BMIPP SPECT was performed before and after angioplasty. SPECT images were divided into 13 segments and scored visually from 0 (normal uptake) to 4 (defect). The defect score was calculated as the summation of the total scores in each @entity1 . The regional washout rate was calculated in both the reperfused areas and normal uptake areas using a bull's-eye map. RESULTS: In nonrestenosis @entity1 , BMIPP defect scores before and after angioplasty did not change on the initial image (9.6 +/- 9.3 compared to 9.0 +/- 9.2, nonsignificant p value), whereas they improved significantly on the delayed image (9.9 +/- 8.8 compared to 8.2 +/- 8.7, p < 0.05). In nonrestenosis @entity1 , BMIPP washout rate in reperfused areas after angioplasty was significantly lower than that before angioplasty and the washout rate in control subjects (22.9% +/- 8.4% compared to 31.5% +/- 10.6% and 29.5% +/- 8.0%, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). In @entity256 @entity1 , BMIPP washout rate in both reperfused areas and normal uptake areas did not change after angioplasty. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that decreased BMIPP washout rate after angioplasty indicates improved @entity844 utilization in @entity1 with chronic @entity453 .

title: Improved myocardial @entity844 metabolism after coronary angioplasty in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The best available method currently for achieving steady normoglycemia in individuals with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is replacing the pancreas, e.g. whole pancreas transplantation. Pancreatic transplantation, as either simultaneous @entity8 (SPK) or solitary pancreas transplantation alone ( @entity865 ), has moved beyond simple metabolic or quality-of-life goals. It is now an effective treatment to reverse or minimize @entity209 and complications of type 1 @entity6 as well as potentially extend the life span of those afflicted by type 1 @entity6 and its many co-morbid complications. Candidates for SPK and @entity865 transplantation need to meet various criteria even to undergo the transplant procedure and receive a pancreatic allograft that is deemed suitable. SPK and @entity865 recipients, though free from insulin use, still may encounter common post-transplant medical complications, e.g. @entity65 , @entity101 , as well as complications unique to SPK and @entity865 transplantation. The advantages of @entity865 and SPK transplantation are frankly now more obvious as improvements in surgical technique and new immunosuppression have made an increasing number of @entity865 and SPK transplants viable and functional long-term. The idea of pancreas transplantation can be touted as a therapeutic advance for type 1 @entity6 . It can improve survival and limit many @entity2412 , while improving quality of life, especially in those individuals also afflicted with @entity2316 .

title: Simultaneous XXXX and pancreas transplantation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic-related kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic-related complications']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pancreas-kidney']


abstract: Echocardiography is a sensitive method for detecting @entity854 , as well as for monitoring @entity1370 during treatment with @entity8253 . Using echocardiography, this study investigated possible acute cardiotoxicty associated with primary treatment of @entity978 according to German @entity978 Study Group (GHSG) clinical trial protocols for adults. A group of 88 @entity1 (48 @entity1 ) was registered in the prospective, randomized clinical trial involving the treatment of @entity978 using third and fourth generation GHSG protocols. These @entity1 were monitored by echocardiography. The average age was 34 years (range, 18-65; median, 32). The average @entity4349 dose was 174 mg/m2 (median 200 mg/m2), and the average mediastinum irradiation dose was 21 Gy (median 30 Gy). Left ventricle end-systolic diameter (ESD) and left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (EDD), as well as fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) (M-mode calculation) were evaluated, as was the presence of pericardial effusion and @entity854 . The examinations were conducted before and at the end of therapy (up to 2 months). Results show that all evaluated parameters changed from one follow-up examination to the other, but these changes did not reach statistical significance. ESD increased from 30 +/- 4 to 31 +/- 4 mm. EDD increased from 49 +/- 4 to 49 +/- 5 mm. Ejection fraction changed from 69 +/- 7 to 66 +/- 7% and fractional shortening was unchanged (from 38 +/- 7 to 38 +/- 7%). In seven @entity1 (8%), we observed new @entity854 characterized by hypokinesis without decrease of left ventricular function. Significant changes in the amount of pericardial effusion were not observed. In four @entity1 (5%), there was progression of @entity978 . In conclusion, treatment according to third and fourth generation clinical trial protocols of the GHSG leads only to minimal wall motion changes, without concomitant reduction of left ventricular function, thus not meeting the criteria, acute @entity1370 .

title: Echocardiographic evaluation of acute XXXX in the treatment of @entity978 according to the German @entity978 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's Lymphoma", "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between linear energy transfer (LET) and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for survival reduction and chromosome aberration induction in plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity286 seeds were exposed to @entity505 ions having LET ranging from 92 to 260 keV microm(-1). Survival ratc was determined at 7 weeks after sowing. @entity2008 were observed when the root length reached about 0.5 mm (immediately after radicle emergence), 3 and 10 mm. RESULTS: The RBE for both endpoints increased with increasing LET and showed the highest value at 230 keV um(-1). The highest RBE was 65.0 for survival reduction and 52.5 for chromosome aberration induction. The types and yield ratio of chromosome aberrations such as fragments and bridges were not affected by radiation type at 0.5mm root length. As the roots elongated from 0.5 to 10 mm, the frequency of aberrant cells gradually decreased. The number of cells with fragments decreased faster than the number of cells with bridges. The @entity2008 appeared to be slower in roots irradiated by @entity505 ions than in roots irradiated by gamma-rays. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a close relationship between survival reduction and chromosome aberration induction in plants. The types and yield ratio of @entity2008 did not differ among gamma-rays and @entity505 ions with different LET.

title: Reduction of survival and induction of chromosome aberrations in @entity286 irradiated by XXXX ions with different linear energy transfers.

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosome aberrations', 'decrement of chromosome aberrations', 'initial chromosome aberrations']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: 1. Interactions between pulmonary cholinergic and noradrenergic nerves were studied in the innervated tracheal tube preparation isolated from @entity840 anaesthetized with @entity4774 . Relaxations of the trachealis smooth muscle in response to postganglionic stimulation of the sympathetic nerve were recorded as decreases in the intraluminal pressure of the tracheal tube after the pressure had been raised with the stable @entity2871 -mimetic, @entity2872 . In contrast, contractions following preganglionic stimulation of the vagal nerve trunk were recorded as increases in intraluminal pressure. 2. In approximately half of the preparations studied, concurrent stimulation of of the vagal nerve trunk the vagal nerve trunk inhibited relaxation responses elicited by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. The vagi were stimulated at parameters which caused no change in intraluminal pressure, excluding the involvement of postjunctional mechanisms. 3. The effect of simultaneous stimulation of the sympathetic nerve trunk was studied on contractile responses evoked by preganglionic stimulation of the vagus nerve. In 80% of the preparations tested the vagal responses were inhibited. This inhibitory effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation was antagonized by @entity1169 . 4. The @entity972 channel agonist, cromakalim, @entity59993 and the neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neurokinin A and substance P, did not significantly modulate sympathetic nerve-induced relaxations. 5. The anticholinesterase drug, @entity2607 , induced a concentration-dependent increase in the intraluminal pressure of the tracheal tube and potentiated the postjunctional action of exogenously applied @entity934 to contract the @entity840 trachealis muscle. In the presence of higher concentrations of @entity2607 both vagally-induced contractions and sympathetic nerve-induced relaxations were reduced. @entity3897 blocked both the inhibitory effect of @entity2607 on sympathetic relaxations and its postjunctional contractile action on the trachealis smooth muscle.6. It is concluded that, in the @entity840 @entity825 , @entity934 released endogenously from pulmonary parasympathetic nerves, either by anticholinesterase drugs or in response to nerve stimulation, can inhibit transmission in the adjacent sympathetic nerves via activation of prejunctional muscarinic heteroreceptors, probably of the M3 subtype.

title: Evidence for inhibition of sympathetic neurotransmission by endogenously released @entity934 in the XXXX @entity825 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: 1. @entity28 is an undesirable side effect of neuroleptics which affects 50% approximately of @entity1 under a program of chronic administration. 2. An animal model of neuroleptic-induced @entity28 and @entity7298 has been developed in female @entity35 treated chronically with @entity3216 (20 mg/Kg/ip. for 21 days). However, it is unknown whether or not the @entity7298 is essential for the development of this type of @entity28 . 3. @entity3216 or vehicle was administered in two experimental conditions: in the first one, food was available in an amount which was three times the previous individual daily food intake; in the second one, the daily food provision was maintained at the individual daily average before starting the treatments. This way @entity7298 was prevented in half of the groups. Besides the body @entity1017 measurement in all the groups, the serum levels of @entity53 , @entity3695 , @entity413 and lipids were assessed in the groups with unrestricted food intake. 4. Food restriction prevented the @entity3216 -induced @entity1017 , even though the @entity35 displayed a permanent diestrus which suggests an @entity4089 -induced impairment in the balance of the reproductive hormones that may promote @entity1017 . However, the basal levels of @entity53 were not affected by @entity3216 . 5. The high density @entity165 was significantly increased by @entity3216 , and the serum @entity413 levels were significantly decreased, however these changes were only detected during the first week of treatment. 6. The decrease in the serum @entity413 levels may be an early consequence of @entity3190 . 7. Neuroleptic-induced @entity28 in @entity35 appears to mimic energy intake, endocrine status and @entity1735 metabolism in @entity1 under chronic neuroleptic administration. However, these rodents did not display the typical changes in blood lipids observed in @entity1 @entity28 .

title: Mechanism of the neuroleptic-induced @entity28 in female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulpiride', 'sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']