abstract: Numerous reports of gender differences in the management and mortality of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 have raised concerns on gender inequity in cardiac care. However, no study has explored whether gender disparity exists among health professionals and their relatives. Therefore, this study assesses gender disparity in the management and mortality of @entity583 @entity1 in Taiwan, and determines whether such disparity exists among health professionals and their relatives. National Health Insurance (NHI) files were used to obtain information on a cohort of 79,360 @entity583 @entity1 aged 30-85 years in Taiwan from 1997 to 2007. The use of catheterization and revascularization (CATH/RAVS) and one-year mortality were compared between @entity1 and @entity1 in all adult @entity1 , health professionals and their relatives, and non-health professional @entity1 . Taiwanese @entity1 with @entity583 were significantly less likely than their male counterparts to receive CATH/RAVS, and showed greater one-year mortality. Similarly, @entity1 in the professional group were significantly less likely to receive CATH/RAVS. However, they did not have worse survival outcomes (hazard ratio: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.68-1.50) compared to @entity1 . Regarding mortality following CATH/RAVS, no gender disparities against @entity1 were observed in health professionals and their relatives, whereas significant gender disparities persisted in non-health professional @entity1 . In conclusion, this study shows a substantial gender disparity against @entity1 in the management and one-year survival of @entity583 @entity1 in Taiwan. This research extends earlier studies by showing similar gender gaps in treatment uses among health professionals and their relatives without strong evidence on gender disparities against @entity1 in survival.

title: Gender disparities in XXXX management and outcomes among health professionals, their relatives, and non-health professionals in Taiwan from 1997 to 2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['AMI']


abstract: Articular @entity1844 present a challenge for the clinician. Autologous chondrocyte implantation embedded in scaffolds are used to treat cartilage defects with favorable outcomes. Autologous serum is often used as a medium for chondrocyte cell culture during the proliferation phase of the process of such products. A previous report showed that opiate analgesics ( @entity3575 , @entity680 and @entity4521 ) in the sera have a significant inhibitory effect on chondrocyte proliferation. In order to determine if opiates in serum inhibit chondrocyte proliferation, twenty two @entity1 who underwent knee arthroscopy and were anesthetized with either @entity3575 or @entity1937 were studied. Blood was drawn before and during opiate administration and up to 2 h after its discontinuation. The sera were used as medium for in vitro proliferation of both cryopreserved and freshly isolated chondrocytes, and the number and viability of cells were measured. There was no difference in the yield or cell viability between the serum samples of @entity1 anesthetized with @entity3575 when either fresh or cryopreserved @entity1 articular chondrocytes (hACs) were used. Some non-significant reduction in the yield of cells was observed in the serum samples of @entity1 anesthetized with @entity1937 when fresh hAC were used. We conclude that @entity3575 in human autologous serum does not inhibit in vitro hAC proliferation. @entity1937 may show minimal inhibitory effect on in vitro fresh hAC proliferation.

title: Opiates do not violate the viability and proliferative activity of XXXX articular chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['diamorphine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage injuries']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and its associated @entity2412 in rural @entity24673 , India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based study was carried out in a rural setting in @entity24673 , India. About 1,266 @entity1 were selected by systematic random sampling. The @entity1 were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and were subjected to anthropometric, clinical evaluation and biochemical investigations. American @entity6 Association criteria were used to determine the prevalence of @entity6 and standard operational definitions were used to define the @entity2412 . Data was analyzed using SPSS version 14.0 while chi-square and chi-square for trend were the tests used. RESULTS: Among the total 1,266 study @entity1 about 130 (10.3%) were @entity6 . The prevalence of the associated @entity2412 were as follows viz. @entity16 (60%), CHD (32.3%) and @entity231 (20%), @entity989 (15.4%), @entity1095 (11.5%) and @entity64 ( @entity64 ) (6.9%). A significant rising trend in the prevalence of all @entity2412 was observed with advancing duration of @entity6 . CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity6 and its associated complications was higher among the @entity6 individuals in the rural setting of @entity24673 , India. All the associated @entity2412 observed need to be addressed with appropriate prevention and control strategies.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in rural @entity24673 , India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'CVAs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

answer: @entity2412 :: (MESH:D048909,Disease) :: ['diabetic complications']


abstract: Candidiasis is common in @entity1 with @entity5 , particularly during periods of severe immunosuppression and @entity1398 . Our aim was to study the microbiological changes in the oral cavity of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity5 . The study group consisted of 30 consecutive @entity1 and adolescents, 16 with @entity981 and 14 with @entity5 . Oral cultures to detect fungi and bacteria were conducted for all @entity1 before treatment, during and after @entity1398 episodes. In 23 @entity1 developing fever simultaneous throat, urine and blood sampling was carried out. No pathogens were found in the cultures taken before the outset (30 cultures) or after recovery from (30 cultures) the @entity1398 episodes. In the 45 oral cultures taken during the @entity1398 episodes 38 (84.4%) proved positive. Fungi were the most frequently isolated oral pathogens: 33/38 @entity375 and 6/38 @entity2348 were identified. There was no association between the underlying @entity5 and the occurrence of the positive cultures. Of the 30 @entity1 , all 23 (76.7%) who have developed moderate-to-severe @entity1398 , developed @entity694 or clinically obvious @entity364 at least on one occasion during the study. In addition to oral samples, fungi were identified in 9/23 pharyngeal swabs, 6/23 urine and 1/23 blood cultures. The initial fungal pathogen was exclusively (33/33) @entity5132 . In extended severe @entity1398 states, @entity5132 was replaced by non-albicans species (C. kefyr, @entity19323 , C. sake, @entity9841 ) in 5 @entity1 between 4 to 6 days of the @entity1398 episodes. Four of the nonalbicans Candida strains were resistant to @entity5638 -type antifungal agents. @entity1398 episodes of @entity1 with @entity5 are associated with an increased risk of developing oral and even @entity281 with @entity5132 that can be replaced by @entity5638 -resistant nonalbicans strains in prolonged @entity1398 contributing to morbidity of these @entity1 .

title: Significance of oral Candida infections in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'Neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['oral fungal colonization']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: There is general agreement that staging of @entity14 based on classic anatomopathological parameters does not allow accurate selection of @entity1 at higher risk of an adverse outcome. For this reason, identification of new prognostic factors is desirable. Such factors should be easily determined and expressed at an early stage of @entity105 . Moreover, it would be useful to identify factors predictive of response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Various molecules are involved in the carcinogenetic pathway and @entity3 formation. The aim of this review is to analyse whether any of them are currently useful in clinical practice and which of them warrant further study. At present, apart from @entity787 , whose prognostic value has been known for some time, we do not have sufficient data to definitively incorporate any of the other biomarkers in clinical practice. The most promising factors would appear to be loss of heterozigosity of chromosome 18q21 (DCC) and microsatellite instability. However, other molecules warrant further in-depth study. In particular, growth factor receptors may play a role not only as prognostic factors but also in view of their therapeutic potential.

title: [Biomolecular prognostic factors in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: It was shown previously that 4 to 5 times more @entity1 @entity5804 ( @entity4151 ) was synthesized in cell-free extracts from term placentae than in comparable extracts prepared from first trimester tissue. In an attempt to define what accounts for this differential rate of synthesis RNA was prepared from first trimester and term placentae. Following purification through an oligo(dT)-cellulose column, these RNA preparations were tested for their ability to direct the synthesis of the @entity4151 precursor in the @entity3505 germ cell-free system. With similar amounts of first trimester and term mRNA, the overall efficiency as defined by the stimulation of total @entity535 incorporation was comparable. However, there was approximately 4 times more @entity4151 synthesized in the presence of term RNA. This was assessed by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and tryptic fingerprinting. The peak of the @entity4151 precursor messenger activity sedimented at 12 to 13 S on @entity969 gradient. Analysis of the RNA by @entity27390 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis further supported this value. The data indicate that the increased synthesis of @entity4151 at term reflects greater levels of @entity4151 mRNA in term tissue than in first trimester tissue. The data also show that the overall in vivo levels of @entity4151 can be correlated not only with the increase in placental syncytial mass during pregnancy but also in the greater proportion of @entity4151 synthesized per g of tissue. The latter results from the continual differentiation of the placenta occurring throughout gestation.

title: Synthesis of @entity1 XXXX messenger RNA as a function of gestation.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity27390 :: ('MESH:C031066', 'Chemical') :: ['formamide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity5804 :: ('1443', 'Gene') :: ['placental lactogen']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity5804 :: (1443,Gene) :: ['placental lactogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-reported sleep difficulties are common among @entity1 with @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), but the routine use of hypnosedatives over extended periods is not generally recommended. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of the extended use of @entity9038 among a cohort of @entity1 with combat-related @entity1005 . METHODS: We conducted a 6-month follow-up cohort study of @entity9038 usage characteristics for 26 combat veterans with @entity1005 . Psychometric and sleep assessments were also conducted at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: The mean baseline score obtained on the tranquilizer @entity734 questionnaire was 20.4 +/- 13.4, below the cutoff score proposed as indicative of a high likelihood of @entity734 (23 points). Eight (30.7%) subjects exceeded the proposed cutoff score for @entity734 at baseline. Most (n = 24) subjects reported poor sleep quality at baseline. Actigraphy revealed that the mean sleep efficiency score was 71.2 +/- 13.7% at baseline. A cohort of 13 @entity1 was available for inclusion in the follow-up phase of the study. The tranquilizer @entity734 questionnaire score at follow-up was broadly similar to the baseline score after a further 6 months of @entity9038 use (18.9 at baseline compared with 19.9 +/- 2.6 at follow-up). Individual analysis revealed that the tranquilizer @entity734 scale score increased for 5 subjects and decreased for 8 subjects at follow-up. Four (30.7%) subjects in the follow-up cohort exceeded the proposed cutoff score for @entity734 at baseline and 6 (46.1%) subjects exceeded it at follow-up. Actigraphy data were consistent across measurements for individual subjects at baseline and follow-up, with similar mean sleep efficiency scores at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with @entity9038 (69.6 +/- 12.7% at baseline; 71.33 +/- 19.0% at follow-up). The proportion of relatively poor sleepers (5/13 at baseline and 4/13 at follow-up) remained essentially unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results of this study suggest that, although the subjects in the follow-up phase of the research continued to use @entity9038 on a regular basis for an extended period, the efficacy of this intervention for addressing @entity1005 -related @entity25 was low. Extended treatment with @entity9038 may not necessarily be associated with increased risk for @entity734 . Further robust research to examine the consequences of long-term @entity9038 therapy for @entity1005 -related @entity25 is warranted.

title: A qualitative investigation of long-term XXXX use and sleep quality among Vietnam war veterans with @entity1005 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity9038 :: ('MESH:C515050', 'Chemical') :: ['zopiclone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity9038 :: (MESH:C515050,Chemical) :: ['zopiclone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prior study has shown that bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin binds to and cross-links a5b1 integrins present on the surface of @entity189 cells. Antibody mediated cross-linking of a5b1 integrins can reproduce signal transduction, gene transactivation and phenotypic changes, similar to those observed in response to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin. We evaluated the effect of a synthetic polyvalent ligand for a5b1 on these elements of the @entity5 response to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The consensus a5b1 integrin binding @entity12274 RGD was linked to a @entity35188 backbone to result in an octavalent construct targeting a5b1 integrin. RGD- @entity35188 was used to determine its effect on signaling pathway activation (nuclear factor-kB, @entity13791 and @entity6863 ), gene expression ( @entity3544 , @entity35189 , @entity2851 , @entity10149 and @entity16365 ) and @entity137 ( @entity3460 exclusion and @entity518 release) in @entity1 @entity189 cells. Results were compared to those of treatment with bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin or the missense peptide GRD- @entity35188 . RESULTS: The RDG- @entity35188 construct significantly increased nuclear factor-kB signaling and @entity3544 expression relative to controls. Compared to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin treatment, only @entity3544 expression was comparable for cells treated with RGD- @entity35188 , averaging 70% of bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin induced expression. RGD- @entity35188 failed to have a significant effect on @entity6863 or @entity13791 activation, gene expression or cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: Intracellular signaling, gene transactivation and phenotypic changes in response to RGD- @entity35188 were qualitatively and quantitatively different than those observed in response to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin. Results suggest that while a5b1 integrin cross-linking contributes to the bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin response, it alone is insufficient to duplicate the full spectrum of bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin induced changes in @entity189 cell biology.

title: A synthetic polyvalent ligand for a5b1 integrin activates components of the XXXX cell response to bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity12274 :: ('CHEBI:47923', 'Chemical') :: ['tripeptide']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After heart transplant ( @entity31127 ), the heart is completely denervated. While sympathetic reinnervation is likely to occur, there is conflicting evidence regarding parasympathetic reinnervation. Accordingly, it is unclear if @entity3897 is efficacious as a chronotropic agent in @entity31127 @entity1 undergoing @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE), since cholinergic cardiac stimulation is required for @entity3897 to exert its effect. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that @entity3897 can sufficiently increase the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in @entity31127 @entity1 undergoing DSE. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 68 @entity31127 @entity1 who underwent DSE as part of their routine annual @entity31127 follow-ups. @entity452 was administered in the standard fashion of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mcg/kg per minute with blood pressure and electrocardiographic monitoring. If target @entity299 was not attained, @entity3897 was administered to aid in achieving 85% of maximum age-predicted @entity299 . RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 58 +/- 10 years. Mean period since transplant was 9 +/- 4 years. Forty-seven (69%) @entity1 received @entity452 only, and 21 (31%) required additional @entity3897 to reach target @entity299 . Of the 21 @entity1 who received @entity3897 , 10 (48%) reached target @entity299 . Neither time from transplant, age, gender, resting @entity299 , medications, nor @entity731 risk factors predicted responsiveness to @entity3897 . Those responding to @entity452 had a significantly greater resting @entity299 than those receiving additional @entity3897 . CONCLUSIONS: The adjunctive use of @entity3897 in @entity31127 @entity1 during DSE aids in reaching 85% of maximum predicted @entity299 in some @entity1 . Furthermore, resting @entity299 may predict the additional need of @entity3897 during DSE.

title: Efficacy of XXXX as a chronotropic agent in heart transplant @entity1 undergoing @entity452 stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous remodeling of the ligamentum flavum and lamina (PRLL), commercially known as minimally invasive lumbar decompression (mild technique), relies on fluoroscopy and epidural contrast to direct surgical instruments via a 6-mm cannula. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of PRLL and present, to our knowledge, the first reported imaging findings after PRLL. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of PRLL for @entity613 . Primary outcomes were @entity717 Index, Short-Form 12 version 2.0 health survey, and visual analog scale for @entity158 at 26 weeks. Analgesic use was also assessed. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 12 weeks. Long-term failure, defined as the poststudy need for secondary surgery, was assessed up to 18 months. RESULTS: Ten subjects with an average age of 64 years (range, 41-81 years) were treated between September 2008 and January 2009. There were no major adverse events. Mean postoperative visual analog scale score remained significantly reduced throughout 26 weeks (P =.015, analysis of variance). Mean postoperative @entity717 Index was also improved by 1 week and remained significant throughout 26 weeks (P = .024; analysis of variance). However, there was a trend toward increased reliance on narcotic type medications postoperatively. Imaging studies did not show significant decompression of the spinal canal in any @entity1 . In the poststudy period, recurrent claudication requiring laminectomy developed in 6 @entity1 (60%). CONCLUSION: Throughout 26 weeks, @entity158 and disability scores were decreased; however, PRLL did not improve the degree of @entity850 on imaging studies. Although PRLL appears to be safe in this small cohort of @entity1 , poststudy outcomes indicate that the failure rate is unacceptably high.

title: Failure of percutaneous remodeling of the ligamentum flavum and lamina for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['neurogenic claudication']


abstract: Based on a retrospective evaluation of 107 @entity1 with @entity1211 of the Type @entity4917 (n = 76) and Type Servelle-Martorell (n = 31) the frequency and pathogenesis of aneurysma formation in the venous system has been analysed. The vascular patterns include both @entity439 with an incidence of approximately 40%. Preferred locations are subcutaneous drainage veins, the popliteal, external iliac vein and atypic communicating veins between the superficial and the deep venous system. Complications of the @entity439 such as local @entity715 , recurrent @entity1151 or @entity548 from ruptur were not observed. The aneurysma formation in @entity1211 results probably from the causative factors: congenital weakness of the venous wall and an abnormal hemodynamical stress situation. The latter is caused by concomitant @entity1150 . The persistent intermittent @entity101 associated with a more or less pronounced increase of the venous volume in the affected venous system of the limb results in a @entity4096 respectively @entity66 . The therapy of choice is predominantly conservative, i.e., external compression bandages or stockings to reduce the deleterious effects of a chronic @entity4096 respectively @entity66 . Surgery is indicated under two conditions: a) in the presence of @entity439 complications or b) for the elimination of a pathological short circuit flow in some drainage veins. Antireflux surgery, i.e., venous valve transfer from the brachial vein, is up to recently still in a stage of experimental-clinical investigation.

title: XXXX in lower extremities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of the deep venous system']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'cylindric ectasia and fusiform aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4917 :: ('MESH:D007715', 'Disease') :: ['Klippel-Trenaunay']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous angiodysplasias', 'congenital venous angiodysplasia']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Aneurysma transformation in congenital venous angiodysplasias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study a new combination, based on @entity8185 and @entity26716 (CV8) and @entity20497 / @entity24517 ( @entity17733 ) for treatment of uncomplicated @entity9231 in Vietnam. METHODS: Vietnamese adults with @entity9231 were allocated randomly to treatment with @entity8185 / @entity26716 / @entity206 / @entity12433 256/2560/720/40 mg (CV8, n = 84) or @entity17733 3000/1200 mg (n = 81), both over 3 days. @entity1 were followed-up for 28 days. RESULTS: All @entity1 recovered rapidly. The mean (95% CI) parasite elimination half-life of CV8 was 6.8 h (6.2-7.4) and of @entity17733 6.5 h (6.1-6.9) (P = 0.4). Complete parasite clearance time was 35 (31-39) and 34 h (31-38) (P = 0.9). The 28-day cure rate was 94% and 95%, respectively (odds ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.18-3.81). No significant side-effects were found. CONCLUSION: CV8 and @entity17733 are effective combinations against multi-drug resistant @entity9231 . CV8 has the advantage of a low price.

title: CV8, a new combination of @entity8185 , @entity26716 , @entity206 and @entity12433 , compared with XXXX -proguanil against @entity9231 in Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity24517 :: ('MESH:D002727', 'Chemical') :: ['proguanil']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20497 :: ('MESH:D053626', 'Chemical') :: ['atovaquone']

entities_list: @entity26716 :: ('MESH:C034759', 'Chemical') :: ['piperaquine']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity12433 :: ('MESH:D011319', 'Chemical') :: ['primaquine']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity20497 :: (MESH:D053626,Chemical) :: ['atovaquone']


abstract: NEW FINDINGS: What is the topic of this review? This article addresses the relationship between vagus nerve activity and malignant @entity943 . It focuses on the clinical association of an impaired vagal tone in @entity299 states with high mortality from @entity1164 and the potential underlying mechanisms. What advances does it highlight? The article summarizes the mounting evidence that vagal innervation in the cardiac ventricle plays a key direct role in the prevention of the initiation of @entity2224 . Data are presented on the role that @entity842 plays in mediating the effects of vagal protection against @entity2224 , supporting the notion that a separate non-muscarinic, nitrergic population of vagal neurons is responsible for this protection. @entity1164 remains a significant unresolved clinical problem, with many of the deaths being due to malignant @entity943 . Markers of abnormal autonomic function have been shown to be strong prognostic predictors, highlighting the important relationship between reduced vagal tone and malignant @entity943 , such as @entity2224 , in cardiac @entity1 . Exploring the mechanisms underlying the autonomic modulation of @entity2224 , my group has shown that vagus nerve stimulation protects against @entity2224 in the innervated isolated heart preparation. We have provided direct evidence that @entity842 is released in the ventricle with cervical vagus nerve stimulation and NO mediates the antifibrillatory actions of vagus nerve stimulation in the ventricle. Classical physiology teaches that vagal postganglionic nerves modulate the heart via @entity934 acting at muscarinic receptors and, dogmatically, that there is little vagal effect in the ventricle, as innervation was believed to be sparse. Mounting evidence from many species now supports the presence of a rich vagal innervation in the ventricle. Data from my group showing that the protective actions of vagus nerve stimulation against @entity2224 and NO release are preserved in the presence of muscarinic block support the notion that a population of nitrergic neurons could be responsible. This potentially exploitable downstream pathway together with the availability of vagus nerve stimulators make it an exciting time to investigate the development of an effective strategy of vagal protection against @entity2224 in the clinical setting.

title: Vagal modulation of cardiac XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previously, we reported differential expression of @entity34013 and epigenetic modifications of their gene promoter in the cerebral cortex of @entity19 during development. We identified the crucial role of DNA methylation and H3K9/14 acetylation in stage specific PS expression during brain development. Interestingly, we noted differential DNA methylation in putative binding sites of transcription factors considered pivotal for brain development. This prompted us to study the binding of transcription factors to cis-acting elements of @entity20933 and @entity34014 promoter in the cerebral cortex of @entity19 during development. In-silico analysis revealed various cis-acting elements of @entity20933 and @entity34014 promoter and their putative transcription factors. We selected those cis-acting elements that were proven by wet lab experiments to interact with the transcription factors crucial for brain development. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the binding of nuclear proteins to @entity20933 promoter cis-acting elements like @entity27211 , @entity34015 , @entity10138 and @entity10591 significantly increased at embryonic day (E) 12.5, postnatal day (P) 45 and 20 weeks (w) as compared to P0. The binding pattern of these factors correlated well with the @entity20933 expression profile, indicating their cumulative influence on @entity20933 gene transcription. For @entity34014 promoter, the binding of @entity34016 and @entity34017 was high at prenatal stages (E12.5 and E18.5) while that of @entity34015 and NF-kB was maximum at postnatal stages (P45 and 20w). Taken together, our study shows that the binding of @entity27211 , @entity34015 , @entity10138 and @entity10591 to @entity20933 promoter and that of @entity34016 , @entity34017 , @entity34015 and NF-kB to @entity34014 promoter regulate their differential expression during brain development.

title: Binding of transcription factors to @entity34013 promoter cis-acting elements varies during the development of XXXX cerebral cortex.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that to facilitate physical activity sedentary @entity1 may adhere to one component of exercise prescriptions (intensity, duration or frequency) without adhering to other components. Some experts have provided evidence for determinants of adherence to different components among healthy @entity1 . However, our understanding remains scarce in this area for @entity1 with neck or @entity1643 . The aims of this study are to determine whether @entity1 with neck or @entity1643 have different rates of adherence to exercise components of frequency per week and duration per session when prescribed with a home exercise program, and to identify if adherence to both exercise components have distinct predictive factors. METHODS: A cohort of one hundred eighty-four @entity1 with chronic neck or @entity1643 who attended physiotherapy in eight primary care centers were studied prospectively one month after intervention. The study had three measurement periods: at baseline (measuring characteristics of @entity1 and @entity158 ), at the end of physiotherapy intervention (measuring characteristics of the home exercise program) and a month later (measuring professional behaviors during clinical encounters, environmental factors and self-efficacy, and adherence behavior). RESULTS: Adherence to duration per session (70.9% +/- 7.1) was more probable than adherence to frequency per week (60.7% +/- 7.0). Self-efficacy was a relevant factor for both exercise components (p < 0.05). The total number of exercises prescribed was predictive of frequency adherence (p < 0.05). Professional behaviors have a distinct influence on exercise components. Frequency adherence is more probable if @entity1 received clarification of their doubts (adjusted OR: 4.1; p < 0.05), and duration adherence is more probable if they are supervised during the learning of exercises (adjusted OR: 3.3; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We have shown in a clinic-based study that adherence to exercise prescription frequency and duration components have distinct levels and predictive factors. We recommend additional study, and advise that differential attention be given in clinical practice to each exercise component for improving adherence.

title: Predictive factors of adherence to frequency and duration components in home exercise programs for neck and XXXX : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: The effects of pH and @entity141 on the intrinsic fluorescence of @entity291 prothrombin fragment 1 were investigated to deduce the nature of protein functional groups involved in @entity141 binding to fragment 1. From pH values of 9 to 3, increasing the @entity32909 + concentration results in quenching of the fluorescence of fragment 1. Reversible pH-titration curves are obtained which appear to consist of two regions. From pH 4 to pH6.5 a broad titration curve is obtained, whereas from pH6.5 to 9 a more pronounced titration behaviour is evidenced by a group or groups on fragment 1 with an apparent pKa of approx. 7.5. In contrast, the apparent association constant for @entity141 and fragment 1 shows a sharp pH- @entity734 in the region between pH7 and 8 with tighter @entity141 binding at higher pH values. A PKa of approx. 7.5 can be estimated for the group or groups on fragment 1 linked to the tight binding of @entity141 . Both @entity32909 and @entity141 result in blue-shifts in the wave-lengths of fragment-1 emission. These results are interpreted in terms of H+ - and @entity141 - induced changes in the conformation of fragment 1 as a result of surface-charge neutralization.

title: The effects of calcium ions and pH on XXXX prothrombin fragment 1. Intrinsic fluroescence studies.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity526 dnaG protein is involved in the initiation of DNA synthesis dependent on @entity35136 or ST-1 single-stranded phage DNAs [Bouche, J.-P., Zechel, K _ Kornberg, A. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 5995-6001]. The reaction occurs by the following mechanism: dnaG protein binds to specific sites on the DNA in a reaction requiring @entity526 @entity35137 . An oligonucleotide is synthesized in a reaction involving dnaG protein, @entity35137 , and DNA. With @entity35136 DNA this reaction requires @entity857 , @entity16789 (or @entity856 ), and @entity19199 (or @entity3007 ). Elongation of the oligonucleotide can be catalyzed by DNA polymerase II or III in combination with dnaZ protein and DNA elongation factors I and III, presumably by the mechanism previously reported [Wickner, S. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 3511-3515] or by DNA polymerase I.

title: DNA or RNA priming of XXXX DNA synthesis by @entity526 dnaG protein.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity35136 :: (292029,Species) :: ['bacteriophage G4']


abstract: 1. To assess the direct spinal contributions to the @entity308 of reflexes caused by general anaesthetics, the intravenous potency of four injectable anaesthetics has been compared in two preparations: in decerebrate, spinalised @entity35 , using a novel preparation requiring little surgical intervention, and in intact @entity35 with chronically implanted i.v. cannulae. 2. @entity3694 (1-8 mg kg-1 i.v.), @entity7113 / @entity7114 (0.5-8 mg kg-1 i.v.), @entity4486 (20-80 mg kg-1 i.v.) and @entity3652 (0.5-16 mg kg-1 i.v.) all produced a dose-dependent @entity308 of single motor unit activity evoked by controlled noxious mechanical stimuli in decerebrate, spinalised animals. 3. The sedative and motor effects brought about by equivalent doses to those used in the electrophysiological experiments were assessed in intact @entity35 . @entity3694 , @entity7113 / @entity7114 and @entity4486 all caused similar levels of behavioural sedation at the doses that caused @entity308 of spinal reflexes. @entity3652 required relatively much higher doses to cause sedation. 4. To determine whether background anaesthesia modulated the potency with which these compounds affected spinal reflex activity, depressant effects in decerebrate, unanaesthetized @entity35 were compared with those in animals maintained under anaesthesia with either @entity4486 or the @entity134 mixture of @entity7113 / @entity7114 . The presence of either of these two agents as maintenance anaesthetics did not influence the effectiveness with which other compounds depressed nociceptive responses. However, additional doses of the maintenance anaesthetics were less effective than the same doses tested in decerebrate animals. 5. All the anaesthetics tested produced a significant @entity308 of spinal reflex responses to noxious stimuli at doses well below those required for anaesthesia. Whilst the presence of maintenance anaesthetics appears not to distort pharmacological tests of other agents, there may nonetheless be a biasing of the samples of cells recorded.

title: Spinal effects of four injectable anaesthetics on nociceptive reflexes in XXXX : a comparison of electrophysiological and behavioural measurements.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity7113 :: ('MESH:C006477', 'Chemical') :: ['alphaxalone']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3694 :: ('MESH:D008723', 'Chemical') :: ['Methohexitone']

entities_list: @entity7114 :: ('MESH:C033418', 'Chemical') :: ['alphadolone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of the present study was to assess the reproducibility of data-driven dietary patterns in different samples extracted from similar populations. Dietary patterns were extracted by applying principal component analyses to the dietary information collected from a sample of 3550 @entity1 recruited from seven screening centres belonging to the Spanish @entity0 ( @entity0 ) screening network (Determinants of Mammographic Density in Spain (DDM-Spain) study). The resulting patterns were compared with three dietary patterns obtained from a previous Spanish case-control study on female @entity0 (Epidemiological study of the Spanish group for @entity0 research (GEICAM: grupo Espa  ol de investigaci  n en c  ncer de mama)) using the dietary intake data of 973 healthy @entity1 . The level of agreement between patterns was determined using both the congruence coefficient (CC) between the pattern loadings (considering patterns with a CC>= 0  85 as fairly similar) and the linear correlation between patterns scores (considering as fairly similar those patterns with a statistically significant correlation). The conclusions reached with both methods were compared. This is the first study exploring the reproducibility of data-driven patterns from two studies and the first using the CC to determine pattern similarity. We were able to reproduce the EpiGEICAM Western pattern in the DDM-Spain sample (CC=0  90). However, the reproducibility of the Prudent (CC=0  76) and Mediterranean (CC=0  77) patterns was not as good. The linear correlation between pattern scores was statistically significant in all cases, highlighting its arbitrariness for determining pattern similarity. We conclude that the reproducibility of widely prevalent dietary patterns is better than the reproducibility of more population-specific patterns. More methodological studies are needed to establish an objective measurement and threshold to determine pattern similarity.

title: Reproducibility of data-driven dietary patterns in two groups of adult Spanish XXXX from different studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a surgical video wherein left obturator nerve was iatrogenically injured during pelvic lymphadenectomy and repaired immediately with laparoscopic epineural end-to-end @entity2701 free @entity254 . METHODS: This is a step-by-step demonstration of an @entity130 and laparoscopic repair of left obturator nerve during pelvic lymphadenectomy. The @entity1 was a 59year-old Hispanic female who was found to have @entity1204 . She was referred to our division for laparoscopic staging during which left obturator nerve was iatrogenically injured. After completion of left pelvic lymphadenectomy, proximal and distal cut ends of the obturator nerve were identified. Careful inspection revealed that the nerve was transected cleanly without any fraying of the edges. Tension-free reattachment of the edges seemed possible without further mobilization of the nerve since the resected part was approximately 5mm. The obturator nerve edges were oriented and stay sutures were placed in order to perform @entity2701 -free @entity254 . Epineural end-to-end coaptation was completed with 5-0 @entity7502 sutures [1,2]. RESULTS: Postoperatively, the @entity1 did not exhibit any clinically apparent loss of adductor function or any other @entity16 and was discharged home on postoperative day one. Over 6months of follow-up, the @entity1 experienced no residual @entity16 or deficit in the left thigh. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic repair of a transected obturator nerve during gynecologic surgery is feasible. In this case, immediate repair of the damaged nerve by an experienced laparoscopic gynecologic surgeon did not result in any @entity51 postoperatively.

title: XXXX and repair of obturator nerve during laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficiency', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['incidental injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Incidental injury']


abstract: We performed a retrospective chart review on 53 muscle-specific kinase antibody (MuSK-Ab)-positive @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) @entity1 at nine university-based centers in the U.S. Of these, 66% were Caucasian, 85% were @entity1 , and age of onset was 9-79 years. Twenty-seven @entity1 were nonresponsive to anticholinesterase therapy. @entity1737 Foundation of America improvement status was achieved in 53% @entity1 on @entity288 , 51% with plasma exchange, and in 20% on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Thymectomy was beneficial in 7/18 @entity1 at 3 years. Long-term (> or =3 years) outcome was very favorable in 58% of @entity1 who achieved remission and/or minimal manifestation status. Overall, 73% improved. There was one @entity1737 -related @entity204 . This survey reinforces several cardinal features of MuSK-Ab-positive @entity1737 , including prominent bulbar involvement and anticholinesterase nonresponsiveness. @entity194 was rare. Most @entity1 respond favorably to immunotherapy. The best clinical response was to corticosteroids and plasma exchange, and the poorest response was to IVIG. Long-term outcome is favorable in about 60% of cases.

title: Clinical findings in MuSK-antibody positive XXXX : a U.S. experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis', 'Myasthenia Gravis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Facial or tongue atrophy']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) as a stand-alone imaging modality can be used to define the @entity1201 @entity1798 and also whether the Hounsfield unit (HU) value of @entity890 is relevant to clinical duration and to histopathological chronicity of extruded disc material. METHODS: Information from a series of CT studies performed on 45 @entity235 with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity890 was used. Clinical duration of IVDH was estimated based on time from onset of signs per owner communication to time of surgical intervention. @entity890 was confirmed at surgery. Retrieved @entity890 was histologically examined. The HU values were analyzed to correlate the clinical duration and histopathological chronicity of the disc lesion. RESULTS: Non-contrast-enhanced CT provided sufficient diagnostic information to plan surgery in 42 of 45 @entity235 (93%). The value of the HU was significantly higher in clinically chronic cases (n = 12) compared to peracute cases (n = 11) (p <0.05). The HU values were significantly correlated with clinical duration (r = 0.482, p = 0.0008) and histopathological chronicity of the @entity890 (r = 0.408, p = 0.0056). CONCLUSION: Consistent with the previous reports, the use of non-contrast-enhanced CT alone was sufficient for the diagnosis and surgical planning in most @entity1 with @entity890 in the thoracolumbar spine. In addition, the present study suggested that HU values on CT images may be useful in the evaluation of disease chronicity of IVDH.

title: Computed tomographic and histological findings of Hansen type  I intervertebral disc herniation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['Hansen type I']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) lesion']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated disc', 'Hansen type I IVDH']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity4670 ( @entity4670 ) are a collection of rare, heterogeneous enteropathies with early onset and often severe outcomes. Here, we report a family of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, with 2 out of 3 @entity1 affected by CDD. Both affected @entity1 presented 3 days after birth with severe, intractable @entity294 . One @entity1 died from complications at age 17 months. The second @entity1 showed marked improvement, with resolution of most symptoms at 10 to 12 months of age. Using exome sequencing, we identified a rare splice site mutation in the @entity34775 gene and found that both affected @entity1 were homozygous carriers. Molecular analysis of the mutant allele indicated a total loss of function, with no detectable @entity34775 protein or activity produced. The precise cause of @entity294 is unknown, but we speculate that it relates to abnormal fat absorption and buildup of @entity34775 substrates in the intestinal mucosa. Our results identify @entity34775 loss-of-function mutations as a rare cause of @entity4670 . These findings prompt concern for @entity34775 inhibition in @entity1 , which is being assessed for treating metabolic and other diseases.

title: @entity34775 mutation is linked to a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital diarrheal disorders', 'CDDs']

answer: @entity4670 :: (MESH:D009358,Disease) :: ['congenital diarrheal disorder']


abstract: We evaluated @entity19 macrophagelike cells as model host cells for studying the intracellular survival and strain-specific virulence of @entity3218 . Previously characterized strains which were virulent for @entity19 destroyed monolayers of these cells within a few days. In contrast, related avirulent "smooth" variants failed to do so even after 20 days, although they persisted within @entity19 cells for at least 7 days. On the basis of this observation, we developed a quantitative radiolabel assay to use as an initial screen for virulence. Another cell type lining the respiratory tract was then examined as a potential host for @entity3218 . @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ) cells readily internalized a variety of strains lacking alpha-(1,3)-glucan in their cell walls; however, the tracheal cells were only rarely infected by organisms possessing this polysaccharide. We subsequently inoculated @entity2543 cells with alpha-(1,3)-glucan-positive strains and enriched for the few @entity375 infecting these cells. The progeny resembled smooth variants in terms of colony morphology, the absence of alpha-(1,3)-glucan in their cell walls, and their inability to kill macrophages. Did the @entity2543 cells select for these variant @entity375 from the parent inoculum or instigate a change from the parental phenotype? Following a 3-h uptake period, only 2% of the ingested @entity375 lacked alpha-(1,3)-glucan. One day later, nearly half of the intracellular organisms lacked this polymer. This rapid conversion of a large proportion of the inoculum suggests some type of environmentally triggered change, perhaps analogous to phase variation seen in many other pathogens. Infection of epithelial cells or some other nonprofessional phagocyte during natural @entity3219 might give rise to similar variants, thus establishing a reservoir of organisms capable of causing chronic or latent infections.

title: Infection of P388D1 macrophages and respiratory epithelial cells by XXXX : selection of avirulent variants and their potential role in persistent @entity3219 .

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['Hamster trachea epithelial', 'HTE']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'H. capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

answer: @entity3218 :: (5037,Species) :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, rate, and characteristics of @entity130 associated with strollers and carriers among young @entity1 in the United States. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for @entity1 5 years of age and younger treated in emergency departments (1990-2010), who sustained an injury associated with a stroller or carrier. RESULTS: An estimated 360,937 (95% confidence interval: 294,279-427,594) @entity1 aged 5 years or younger were treated in emergency departments for stroller- or carrier-related @entity130 , an average of 17,187 annually. Overall, the rate of stroller- and carrier-related @entity130 decreased significantly during the study period. Regarding stroller-related @entity130 , @entity1 were most commonly male (52.4%) and younger than 1 year of age (42.0%); the head (43.0%) and face (31.0%) were most commonly injured. The most common diagnoses were soft tissue @entity130 (39.4%) and traumatic brain @entity130 /concussions (24.6%). Similarly, for carrier-related @entity130 , @entity1 were most commonly male (52.5%) and younger than 1 year of age (89.0%); the head (61.5%) and face (24.7%) were most commonly injured. The most common diagnoses were soft tissue @entity130 (48.1%) and traumatic brain @entity130 /concussions (34.9%). Carrier-related @entity130 resulted in more hospitalizations (6.5%) than stroller-related @entity130 (2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Stroller- and carrier-related @entity130 , specifically those resulting from falls from the product or tip-overs, are important sources of injury for @entity1 5 years of age and younger. Although @entity130 over the 21-year study period decreased overall, the considerable number of @entity130 annually shows the need to further reduce the potential for injury associated with these ubiquitous products.

title: Injuries Associated With Strollers and Carriers Among XXXX in the United States, 1990 to 2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thermal ablation procedures, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ), are now well established in the treatment of malignant unresectable @entity99 . But the impact of partial ablation (PA) on long-term survival following computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation and laser- induced interstitial thermotherapy of unresectable @entity409 and the associated risk factors of PA remain partially unknown. MATERIAL/METHODS: This study included 254 @entity96 in 91 consecutive @entity1 (66 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 ; age 60.9    10.4 years; mean @entity5 size 25    14 mm [range 5-70 mm]) who underwent thermal ablation (RFA or @entity1986 ) between January 2000 and December 2007. Mean follow-up period was 21.1 month (range 1-69 months). Survival rate and local progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated for @entity1 with @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ) vs. @entity1 with partial ablation (PA) to assess the impact on long-term survival. RESULTS: Median survival after @entity1939 was 47 months compared to 25 months after PA (P=0.04). The corresponding 5-year survival rates were 44% vs. 20%. Median PFS for @entity1939 was 11 months compared to 7 months for PA (P=0.118). The sole statistically significant risk factor for PA was @entity5 size (>30 mm; P=0.0003). Sustained @entity1939 was achieved in 71% of lesions  <= 30 mm vs. 47% of lesions >30 mm. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that achievement of @entity1939 is a highly important predictor of long-term survival and that @entity5 size is by far the most important predictor of the likelihood of achieving @entity1939 .

title: Thermal ablation of unresectable XXXX : factors associated with partial ablation and the impact on long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['complete ablation', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy', 'LITT']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: Graft failure with return to dialysis is associated with higher mortality, but the determining factors have not been completely studied. We determined predictive factors for survival after @entity177 by analyzing demographic and clinical data on kidney recipients in a Spanish regional registry (Andalusia). Among 5547 single-organ cadaveric grafts in Andalusia between 1984 and 2007, 1534 @entity1 returned to dialysis and were followed to @entity204 (n = 450), retransplantation (n = 574), or the end of the study period. The most frequent cause of @entity204 was @entity65 (36.9%). Actuarial survival rates were 89%, 72%, and 51% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Upon univariate (Kaplan-Meier) analysis, survival was significantly related only to age at return to dialysis and @entity6 . @entity797 forward step wise multivariate regression analysis showed that predictive factors for lower survival (relative risk -95% confidence interval) were: age (per year), 1.05 (1.05-1.06); male sex, 1.33 (1.1-1.6); and duration of pre-graft renal replacement therapy (per year), 1.02 (1.00-1.05). According to @entity797 backward stepwise regression analysis, a more saturated model, the predictive factors were: age; male sex; duration of pre-graft renal replacement therapy (per year), 1.03 (1.01-1.06); later study period (1996-2007), 0.81 (0.6-1.0); and primary etiology of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Survival after @entity177 was lower among male recipients of advanced age or with a long period of prior renal replacement therapy. Time of transplantation and primary etiology of @entity740 may also play roles.

title: Regional survey of XXXX survival after cadaver @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test a hypothesis that bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) shift their phenotype from contractile to synthetic in response to elevated hydrostatic pressure. Although mechanical stimuli are needed for development of the bladder, the exact mechanisms for this process are poorly understood. METHODS: @entity35 BSMCs were exposed to 7.5 cm @entity4358 of hydrostatic pressure in custom-made columns to a maximum of 48 hours. After exposure to pressure, the smooth muscle cells were fixed, stained, and imaged to quantify cell morphology and proliferation. Additionally, Western blotting was used to quantify extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( @entity2508 )) activation as well as phenotype marker proteins, @entity1918 , and @entity27057 . RESULTS: Compared with the control, BSMCs exposed to hydrostatic pressure exhibited a more spread morphology after 4 hours and the expression of activated @entity2508 ) was a maximum of two-fold at 1.5-3 hours. Moreover, cell density of BSMCs exposed to hydrostatic pressure exhibited an increase after 48 hours when compared with their respective controls. In contrast, @entity1918 and @entity27057 expression was similar in the control and in cells exposed to hydrostatic pressure for 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The morphologic and proliferative changes of BSMC in response to hydrostatic pressure possibly indicate a phenotypic shift from contractile to synthetic. Moreover, the activation of @entity2508 ) intracellular signaling pathway may represent a potential mechanism for the pressure-induced BSMC proliferation. The comparable levels of contractile proteins observed in both control and pressure group BSMCs suggest that not all the phenotype markers are regulated concomitantly by a single stimulus.

title: Effect of sustained hydrostatic pressure on XXXX bladder smooth muscle cell function.

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether or not PET or PET/CT using @entity19421 (MET) can allow for the early prediction of local recurrence and @entity3 , as well as the prognosis (disease-specific survival), in @entity1 with @entity2347 of the @entity135 treated by @entity505 ion beam radiotherapy. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of sixty-seven @entity1 who underwent a MET-PET or PET/CT study prior to and one month after the completion of @entity505 ion radiotherapy (CIRT). The minimum follow-up period for survivors was 12 months. The MET accumulation of the @entity5 was evaluated using the semiquantitative @entity5 to normal tissue ratio (TNR). A univariate analysis was conducted using the log-rank method, and the Cox model was used in a multivariate survival regression analysis. RESULTS: The average TNR prior to and following treatment was 4.8 (  1.5) and 3.0 (  1.3), respectively, showing a significant decrease following treatment. In the univariate analysis, a high TNR prior to treatment (TNRpre) was a significant factor for predicting the occurrence of @entity3 and the disease-specific survival. A high TNR following treatment (TNRpost) was a significant factor for predicting the development of local recurrence. The residual ratio of TNR changes (TNRratio) seemed to be less useful than the TNRpre. In the multivariate analysis, the TNRpost and @entity5 size were the factors found to significantly influence the risk of local recurrence. The TNRpre, TNRratio and @entity5 size were all significant factors influencing the occurrence of @entity3 . Regarding the disease-specific survival, the TNRpre and age were the only factors with a significant influence on the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The TNRpre was a factor that was significantly related to the occurrence of @entity3 and the disease-specific survival after CIRT for @entity2347 of the @entity135 . The TNRpost was a factor that was significantly related to the development of local recurrence. Thus, MET-PET or PET/CT can be useful for predicting or determining the therapeutic efficacy of CIRT.

title: Accuracy of methionine-PET in predicting the efficacy of heavy-particle therapy on primary XXXX of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19421 :: ('MESH:C038344', 'Chemical') :: ['L-methyl-[11C]-methionine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinomas']


abstract: In this brief study, we describe a @entity395 of both tonsils, that we have named tonsilla partim pendulans. It seems to favour @entity548 , resulting in enlargement and obstruction of the oropharynx. The presented case is a 34-year-old healthy @entity1 without history of acute or @entity102 who complained of an @entity1109 since 1 day. Examination revealed a dark red and mobile @entity5 of 2 cm diameter attached to the lower part of the right tonsil. Furthermore, both tonsils showed a division into two @entity1184 parts. The stem of the @entity5 was coagulated and the @entity5 resected under local anaesthesia. Histology showed regular lymphoepithelial tissue with acute @entity548 and an intact capsule. Actinomyces were found in the tonsillar crypts. Further physical and laboratory findings were unsuspicious. We conclude that @entity1 with this newly described @entity600 of the tonsils can subsequently develop @entity1282 , e.g. in combination with inflammation and mechanical stress. However, tonsillectomy seems not to be mandatory, though in more suspicious cases, histological investigation should exclude rare @entity5 . Intratonsillar @entity548 may cause @entity11876 or even ongoing @entity548 with relevant @entity190 , which should be treated immediately.

title: XXXX with acute @entity1282 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intratonsillar bleeding', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity11876 :: ('MESH:D009959', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal foreign body sensation']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare tumorlike malformation']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous intratonsillar haemorrhage']


abstract: Polymorphisms at 8q24 are robustly associated with @entity263 risk. The risk variants are located in nonprotein coding regions and their mechanism has not been fully elucidated. To further dissect the function of this locus, we tested two hypotheses: (a) unannotated microRNAs (miRNA) are transcribed in the region, and (b) this region is a cis-acting enhancer. Using next generation sequencing, 8q24 risk regions were interrogated for known and novel miRNAs in histologically normal radical prostatectomy tissue. We also evaluated the association between the risk variants and transcript levels of multiple genes, focusing on the proto-oncogene, @entity517 . RNA expression was measured in histologically normal and @entity5 tissue from 280 prostatectomy specimens (from 234 European American and 46 African American @entity1 ), and paired germline DNA from each individual was genotyped for six 8q24 risk single nucleotide polymorphisms. No evidence was found for significant miRNA transcription within 8q24 @entity263 risk loci. Likewise, no convincing association between RNA expression and risk allele status was detected in either histologically normal or @entity5 tissue. To our knowledge, this is one of the first and largest studies to directly assess miRNA in this region and to systematically measure @entity517 expression levels in prostate tissue in relation to inherited risk variants. These data will help to direct the future study of this risk locus.

title: Evaluation of the 8q24 XXXX risk locus and @entity517 expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Postoperative radiotherapy decreases @entity0 mortality. However, studies have revealed a long-lasting @entity5026 among some @entity1 after radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors that contribute to @entity5026 after @entity0 radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We identified 1,027 recurrence-free @entity1 in two cohorts of Swedish @entity1 treated for @entity0 . The @entity1 had breast-conserving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, the breast was treated to 48 Gy in 2.4-Gy fractions or to 50 Gy in 2.0-Gy fractions. Young @entity1 received a boost of up to 16 Gy. @entity1 with more than three lymph node @entity3 had locoregional radiotherapy. Systemic treatments were given according to health-care guidelines. Three to 17 years after radiotherapy, we collected data using a study-specific questionnaire. We investigated the relation between @entity5026 and potential risk modifiers: age at treatment, time since treatment, chemotherapy, photon energy, fractionation size, boost, loco-regional radiotherapy, axillary surgery, overweight, and smoking. RESULTS: Eight hundred seventy-seven @entity1 (85%) returned the questionnaires. Among @entity1 up to 39 years of age at treatment, 23.1% had @entity5026 , compared with 8.7% among @entity1 older than 60 years ( @entity16071 .66; 95% CI 1.33-5.36). Higher age at treatment (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98, annual decrease) and longer time since treatment (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.98, annual decrease) were related to a lower occurrence of @entity5026 . Chemotherapy increased the occurrence of @entity5026 ( @entity4736 .72; 95% CI 1.19-2.47). In the multivariable model only age and time since treatment were statistically significantly related to the occurrence of @entity5026 . We found no statistically significant relation between @entity5026 and the other potential risk modifiers. CONCLUSIONS: Younger @entity1 having undergone breast-conserving surgery with postoperative radiotherapy report a higher occurrence of long-lasting @entity5026 compared to older @entity1 . Time since treatment may decrease the occurrence of @entity158 .

title: Risk factors of developing long-lasting XXXX after @entity0 radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['breast pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5026 :: (MESH:D059373,Disease) :: ['breast pain']


abstract: The factors predisposing to local relapse after conservative treatment of early stage @entity0 are controversial. To determine these factors, we analysed the results obtained in a series of 512 @entity1 consecutively treated for invasive @entity0 by conservative surgery and radiotherapy. All @entity1 were treated by tumorectomy and axillary dissection, radiation therapy of 45 Gy to the whole breast with a boost of 15 Gy to the @entity5 area, and adjuvant medical treatment for 168 out of 187 @entity1 . The overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were respectively 92.5% and 79.9%. The actuarial 5-year and 10-year local control rates were respectively 91.2% and 83.6%. Local relapses occurred in 35 @entity1 . Local relapse occurred more frequently in premenopausal @entity1 , in @entity1 less than 50 years-old as compared to older @entity1 , in @entity1 with low body-mass index (BMI), and in @entity1 with small breast size. Local control was not significantly affected by @entity5 size or node involvement. With multivariate analysis, the only factor influencing local control was the body-mass index: the actuarial risk of local relapse was increased by 5.7 in @entity1 with a BMI less than or equal to 22 as compared to @entity1 with a BMI greater than 22 (p less than 0.02). We concluded that although certain clinical factors such as age, menopausal status, breast size and body-mass index have an influence on local control, these factors are not sufficiently discriminant to question the indication of conservative treatment. There is a need to individualize factors that could allow a better discrimination of @entity1 with a high probability of local relapse.

title: [Predisposing factors for local recurrence after conservative treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection has been the first choice of treatment for resectable pulmonary metastases from @entity14 . However, early intrapulmonary recurrence is often observed and appropriate assessment of prognostic factors is controversial. The aim of this study was to define the factors affecting survival and intrapulmonary recurrence after surgical treatment of metastatic @entity5 from @entity14 . METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed of 56 consecutive @entity1 who underwent pulmonary resection for colorectal metastases with a focus on prognostic factors and risk factors for intrapulmonary recurrence. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 48.2%. In a univariate analysis, a short disease-free interval (DFI), multiple pulmonary metastases and abnormal prethoracotomy @entity787 ( @entity787 ) levels were poor prognostic factors. In a multivariate analysis, a short DFI and abnormal prethoracotomy @entity787 levels were independent prognostic factors. Twenty-two (39.3%) of the 56 @entity1 had recurrences in the remnant lung after resection for pulmonary metastases, and 8 (36.4%) of these 22 @entity1 underwent repeated pulmonary resections. The median DFI between first and second lung metastasis was 13 months. Univariate analyses revealed that multiple and bilateral lung metastases were risk factors for intrapulmonary recurrence. There was also a strong correlation between the DFI for intrapulmonary recurrence after the first pulmonary resection and the DFI for first pulmonary metastases. CONCLUSIONS: A short DFI was a risk factor for early @entity5 recurrence after resection for pulmonary metastases. The DFI might reflect oncological characteristics such as the @entity5 doubling time in @entity14 .

title: Short disease-free interval is a significant risk factor for intrapulmonary recurrence after resection of pulmonary metastases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity30807 ( @entity30807 ) are aggressive @entity2826 herpesvirus ( @entity16102 )-induced @entity5 with median survival time <6 months post-diagnosis. Mutations in the @entity876 gene seldom occur in @entity30807 , suggesting that genetic alterations in the @entity876 are not selected during PEL progression. We have reported that @entity876 reactivation by an inhibitor of the @entity876 - @entity7465 interaction, @entity30808 , induces selective and massive apoptosis in PEL cells leading to efficient anti- @entity5 activity in a subcutaneous xenograft model for PEL. Here, we show compelling anti- @entity5 activity of @entity30808 in the majority of intraperitoneal PEL xenografts in vivo. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that spontaneous induction of viral lytic replication in @entity5 could drastically attenuate the @entity876 -dependent apoptotic response to @entity30808 . Moreover, viral reactivation compromised @entity876 -dependent apoptosis in PEL cells treated with genotoxic anti- @entity5 agents @entity632 and @entity2879 . We have recently demonstrated that the Ser/Thr kinases Pim 1 and 3 are required to trigger induction of the lytic replication cascade of @entity16102 . We have now assessed the ability of a novel Pim kinase inhibitor to restore the @entity30808 -induced @entity137 in lytic PEL cells. PEL cells induced to lytic replication by @entity4996 showed 50% inhibition of active viral replication following treatment with the Pim kinase inhibitor. Importantly, co-treatment of these cells with the kinase inhibitor and @entity30808 resulted in a robust restoration of the @entity30808 -induced cell death. These results highlight the potential impact of activation of viral lytic replication on disease progression and response to treatment in @entity16102 -induced @entity706 .

title: XXXX herpesvirus lytic replication compromises apoptotic response to @entity876 reactivation in virus-induced @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity30807 :: ('MESH:D054685', 'Disease') :: ['Primary effusion lymphomas', 'PELs']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and fat distribution in lean @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) compared with matched control @entity1 . DESIGN: Controlled clinical study. SETTING: An academic clinical research center. @entity1 (S): Twelve non-Hispanic white @entity1 with @entity3610 and a body mass index of <26 and 10 healthy control @entity1 matched for age, ethnicity, and weight. INTERVENTION(S): Biometric measures, blood sample collection, and total body/regional bone density and fat analysis were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum levels of @entity3800 , @entity413 , and insulin were measured. Bone density and fat distribution were measured by total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULT(S): @entity342 levels were elevated significantly in the lean @entity1 with @entity3610 compared with the controls. There was no statistically significant difference in total body @entity79 between the two groups. A significant increase in @entity79 was noted in the left arm, right arm, and left ribs of the lean @entity3610 group. Evaluation of upper body @entity79 showed a significant correlation between @entity251 levels and @entity79 . No statistically significant differences were noted in body fat distribution, although the lean @entity3610 group tended to have lower mean percentages of body fat. CONCLUSION(S): Lean @entity1 with @entity3610 have regional differences in @entity79 , with significantly increased @entity79 in the upper skeleton compared with control @entity1 .

title: Bone mineral density and body composition in lean XXXX with @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Until recently, the analysis of Class II genes linked to the @entity35 major histocompatibility complex, RT1, has been confined to serologic and electrophoretic analysis of their gene products. To obtain a more definitive estimate of the number and relative polymorphism of RT1 Class II sequences, we performed Southern blot analysis of @entity35 genomic DNA employing @entity1 cDNA probes specific for Class II heavy and light chain genes. Southern blots of EcoRI and BamHI digests of genomic DNA from ten inbred strains, expressing eight RT1 haplotypes, were hybridized with the @entity1 @entity3098 or DR beta cDNA that are homologous to Class II light chain sequences. Four to eight bands were observed to hybridize with the light chain cDNA: band sizes ranged from 2.5 to 28 kb. Restriction fragment patterns were polymorphic; the only identical patterns observed were those associated with RT1 haplotypes with identical RT1.B regions. The number and size of bands hybridizing with @entity3098 and DR beta suggested a minimum of four light chain sequences in each haplotype. Southern blots of BamHI and EcoRI digests of genomic DNA from the same strains were hybridized with a @entity11751 cDNA that is homologous to Class II heavy chain sequences. All RT1 haplotypes expressed either a 10.0-kb or 13.0-kb band when digested with BamHI, and either a 17-kb or 3.7-kb band when digested with EcoRI. Considerably less polymorphism was detected with the @entity11751 probe; this observation is consistent with previously reported limited protein polymorphism of the @entity35 equivalent of the I-E alpha subunit. The size and number of bands hybridizing with the @entity11751 probe suggests a minimum of two heavy chain sequences. These observations suggest that the RT1 complex includes more Class II sequences than have been observed in serologic and electrophoretic analyses of Class II gene products. Furthermore, the level of polymorphism of RT1 Class II sequences appears to be comparable with @entity19 and @entity1 Class II sequences.

title: Polymorphic class II sequences linked to the @entity35 major histocompatibility complex (RT1) homologous to XXXX DR and DQ sequences.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the negative appraisals of the illness may be related to suicidal thinking and behaviours in @entity161 , this has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between @entity161 @entity1 ' cognitions about their illness and past suicidal behaviours. The relationship between @entity1 ' beliefs about their illness with potential mediators of suicidal behaviours such as @entity308 , hopelessness and insight was also investigated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A group of 60 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 according to ICD-10 criteria belonging to a follow-up study were assessed one year after their last psychiatric admission. Psychopathological variables were assessed by the Calgary Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale and the first three items of the Scale to Assess Unawareness of @entity146 . The appraisals of the illness were assessed by the Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire. RESULTS: Negative appraisals were associated with hopelessness and @entity308 . Negative expectations and stigma showed the strongest associations. Contrary to our expectations, this scale was not able to differentiate between @entity1 with and without past suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Negative appraisals of the illness in @entity1 with @entity161 seem to have psychopathological consequences such as greater hopelessness and @entity308 . Since these psychopathological features are linked to suicidal risk, the psychotherapeutic approach counteracting negative beliefs about the illness may reduce the risk of suicide.

title: Beliefs about illness and their relationship with hopelessness, @entity308 , insight and suicide attempts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the intrascleral location of the circle of Zinn-Haller by simultaneous @entity3194 (ICG) angiography and enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI- @entity6653 ) in highly myopic eyes. DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive, observational case series. METHODS: Ninety-four eyes of 67 consecutive @entity1 with pathologic @entity1714 who underwent simultaneous ICG angiography and EDI- @entity6653 examinations by Spectralis HRA- @entity6653 , and whose @entity823 was observed within the area of myopic conus by ICG angiography, were studied. The definition of pathologic @entity1714 was a @entity2516 (spherical equivalent) <-8.00 diopters (D) or an axial length >26.5 mm. RESULTS: The EDI- @entity6653 images showed cross-sections of the vessels that were identified in the ICG images as the circle of Zinn-Haller. The vessels were seen as a hyporeflective circle within the @entity5692 . An intrascleral course of the @entity823 was clearly observed in adjacent serial @entity6653 sections. The filling of the @entity823 was from the short posterior ciliary arteries, and @entity6653 also showed a continuous pathway from the retrobulbar short posterior ciliary arteries to the circle of Zinn-Haller. Centripetal branches were seen to run toward the optic nerve from the @entity823 in 20 eyes by ICG and were confirmed by @entity6653 in 4 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The HRA- @entity6653 images confirmed that the vascular structure surrounding the optic disc observed by ICG angiography had topographic features specific to the Zinn-Haller arterial ring by @entity6653 . The in situ observation of the circle of Zinn-Haller by simultaneous ICG angiography and @entity6653 is a useful method to examine the @entity823 in eyes with pathologic @entity1714 .

title: Detection of Zinn-Haller arterial ring in highly myopic eyes by simultaneous XXXX angiography and optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity823 :: ('MESH:D058502', 'Disease') :: ['Zinn-Haller ring']

entities_list: @entity5692 :: ('MESH:D015422', 'Disease') :: ['peripapillary sclera']

answer: @entity3194 :: (MESH:D007208,Chemical) :: ['indocyanine green']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity396 and @entity3927 combination with @entity396 alone in management of @entity204 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a prospective study carried out in 40 pregnant @entity1 admitted with @entity204 after 28 weeks of gestation at a tertiary care referral centre divided into two groups of 20 each. Every alternate @entity1 was assigned Group I and Group II. Group I (combination group) - the @entity1 received 200 mg of @entity3927 ; and after 36 hours, @entity396 was administered orally (100  g if pregnancy was <37 weeks and 50  g if pregnancy was >37 weeks) for every 3 hour till they went into active labor for a maximum of four doses. Group II ( @entity396 group) - @entity1 received oral @entity396 (100  g if pregnancy was <37 weeks and 50  g if pregnancy was >37 weeks) for every three hours till she went into active labor for maximum of four doses. Primary outcome measures were achievement of successful induction and induction delivery interval (IDI). @entity1 who did not deliver after four doses of @entity396 were considered as failure. In all the @entity1 , bishop score before the start of @entity3927 and @entity396 , induction delivery interval, and adverse effect of the drug were noted. Data were analyzed by using Student t test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: In the Group I, 60% of @entity1 , delivered with @entity3927 alone. The rest of the @entity1 [8 (40%)] had significant improvement of the bishop score after 36 hour. Parity, gestation, and bishop score did not affect the success of induction in the Group I. IDI was significantly less in the Group I (6.72    3.34) as compared with that of the Group II (11.81    6.33). Parity, gestation, and bishop score did not affect the IDI in the two groups. Number of doses of @entity396 required were significantly less in @entity1 who were pretreated with @entity3927 . CONCLUSION: Combination of @entity3927 and @entity396 is more effective than the @entity396 alone for induction of labor in @entity1 with @entity204 .

title: Comparison of @entity3927 combination with @entity396 and @entity396 alone in the management of @entity204 : condensation - @entity396 and @entity3927 combination is more effective than @entity396 alone in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine death']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['intrauterine death']


abstract: Incidentally detected @entity977 were investigated in 100 pituitary glands at autopsy to determine the number, cell type, and location of @entity5 , and the presence of coexisting @entity1776 in the neurohypophysis. Pituitary glands were sagittally sectioned at 1.5-mm intervals in toto and embedded in 1 cassette to orient location of each @entity5 . Twenty-four pituitary glands harbored @entity652 , most smaller than 3 mm and the largest 6 x 5 x 4 mm. Two pituitary glands contained double @entity652 of immunocytochemically different cell types. Of the 26 @entity652 , 10 had lactotrophs, 2 had mixed lactotrophs-somatotrophs, 1 had mixed lactotrophs-luteinizing hormone cells, and 12 were nonfunctioning. One @entity652 with adenocorticotropic hormone cells was also detected. Thus 25 of 26 (96%) @entity652 were either lactotrophic or nonfunctioning; this percentage is much higher than that of surgically resected @entity5 . Twenty-two @entity5 were contiguous with or adjacent to the capsule from which the @entity652 originated. Nine @entity1776 were noted in the neurohypophysis; 3 coexisted with @entity977 . Fourteen additional cases revealed small granular cell nests. Thus the incidental finding of nonfunctioning @entity977 is relatively common in adults (24% of cases in this study), and the coexistence of @entity977 and @entity1776 may suggest a possible histogenic connection between anterior and posterior pituitary tumorigenesis.

title: XXXX and @entity1776 . Incidence, cell type, and location of @entity5 in 100 pituitary glands at autopsy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1776 :: ('MESH:D016586', 'Disease') :: ['granular cell tumors']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: the poor perinatal mortality ranking of the Netherlands compared to other European countries has led to questioning the safety of primary care @entity600 , particularly those at home. Primary care @entity600 are only planned at term. We therefore examined to which extent the perinatal mortality rate at term in the Netherlands contributes to its poor ranking. DESIGN: secondary analyses using published data from the @entity7634 -PERISTAT study. SETTING AND @entity1 : @entity1 that gave birth in 2004 in the 29 European regions and countries called 'countries' included in the @entity7634 -PERISTAT study (4,328,441 @entity1 in total and 1,940,977 @entity1 at term). METHODS: odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the comparison of perinatal mortality rates between European countries and the Netherlands, through logistic regression analyses using summary country data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: combined perinatal mortality rates overall and at term. Perinatal deaths below 28 weeks, between 28 and 37 weeks and from 37 weeks onwards per 1000 total @entity600 . FINDINGS: compared to the Netherlands, perinatal mortality rates at term were significantly higher for Denmark and Latvia and not significantly different compared to seven other countries. Eleven countries had a significantly lower rate, and for eight the term perinatal mortality rate could not be compared. The Netherlands had the highest number of perinatal deaths before 28 weeks per 1000 total @entity600 (4.3). KEY CONCLUSIONS: the relatively high perinatal mortality rate in the Netherlands is driven more by extremely preterm @entity600 than @entity600 at term. Although the PERISTAT data cannot be used to show that the Dutch maternity care system is safe, neither should they be used to argue that the system is unsafe. The PERISTAT data alone do not support changes to the Dutch maternity care system that reduce the possibility for @entity1 to choose a home birth while benefits of these changes are uncertain.

title: Perinatal mortality rate in the Netherlands compared to other European countries: a secondary analysis of XXXX -PERISTAT data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity7634 :: (9319,Species) :: ['Euro']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity14950 ( @entity14950 ), @entity7704 , and @entity1943 are physiological regulators of pulsatile GH secretion. HYPOTHESIS: Age, independently of @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) and basal (nonpulsatile) GH secretion, damps pulsatile GH secretion driven by physiological (rather than pharmacological) amounts of @entity14950 and @entity7704 in an experimentally controlled @entity53 (E(2)) milieu. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospectively randomized, double-blind parallel-cohort study was conducted at an academic medical center. @entity1 : Community-dwelling healthy premenopausal (PRE, age 24 +/- 0.8 yr, n = 20) and postmenopausal (POST, age 63 +/- 1.8 yr, n = 22) @entity1 participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Gonadal-axis down-regulation with @entity3086 was followed by randomized addback of placebo or transdermal E(2) and separate-day iv bolus injections of a half-maximally stimulatory dose of @entity14950 -2 or @entity7704 (each 0.33 mug/kg). ANALYSIS: Three-way analysis of covariance included main factors age, E(2) status, and secretagogue type and covariates @entity1661 and basal GH secretion. RESULTS: Submaximally stimulated pulsatile GH secretion was positively determined by PRE vs. POST age (P < 0.001), E(2) repletion vs. depletion (P = 0.001) and @entity14950 -2 vs. @entity7704 stimulation (P < 0.001), after adjustment for @entity1661 and basal secretion. E(2) vs. placebo elevated fasting mean GH concentrations in both PRE and POST @entity1 (P = 0.006) but increased basal (nonpulsatile) GH secretion in PRE only (P = 0.002). PRE vs. POST age prolonged @entity7704 -driven GH secretory bursts by 36% (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: PRE vs. POST age, E(2) availability, and physiological peptide drive are triple determinants of pulsatile GH secretion independently of @entity1661 and nonpulsatile GH secretion in healthy @entity1 .

title: Pre- versus postmenopausal age, @entity53 , and peptide-secretagogue type determine pulsatile growth hormone secretion in healthy XXXX : studies using submaximal agonist drive and an estrogen clamp.

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal visceral fat', 'AVF']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity14950 :: ('2693', 'Gene') :: ['GH-releasing peptide', 'GHRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The authors have evaluated an ELISA (A60-Tb, Anda biologicals) allowing the detection of specific IgG and IgM against A60 antigen from @entity2497 BCG during @entity281 . This study included sera from 110 african subjects and from 71 French subjects distributed in 4 clinical groups: 55 @entity378 @entity1 (I), 41 leprous @entity1 (II), 33 @entity9757 (III) and 52 healthy subjects (IV). Serological results were compared taking as reference for the diagnosis of @entity378 the positivity of culture and/or that of a direct examination, and for @entity1201 the positivity of a direct examination associated either with a Mitsuda's reaction or with an histopathological examination. IgG were found to be more discriminative than IgM. Considering together the results of groups I and II, the authors found a sensitivity of 95.8 p. cent and a specificity of 75.3 p. cent with threshold of 200 U/ml for specific IgG. Anti-A60 antigen antibodies obtained for groups I and II were significantly higher (IgG: p less than 0.0001; IgM: p less than 0.001) than those observed in other groups. African subjects presented IgG titers higher than those obtained by French subjects (p less than 0.0001). IgM response was more frequent among group II (97.6 p. cent) than group I (21.8 p. cent). However, IgG (26.9 p. cent) and IgM titers (30.8 p. cent) were detected among group IV. This test would allow a control of therapeutic efficacy with an additional interest for classifying borderline forms of @entity1201 .

title: [Evaluation of ELISA using A60 antigen from XXXX BCG: specific IGG and IGM in @entity281 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['pneumopathies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']