abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4836 is the first drug of choice for @entity1 with @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). The drug is not prescribed regularly to any other @entity1 groups. We aimed to determine the prevalence, incidence and gender-specific characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1737 needing drug treatment in a well-defined population cohort. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) 2004-2007, containing information on all dispensed drugs in Norway. The study population comprised 677 recipients of @entity4836 who met the following inclusion criteria (one or more): (i) More than one prescription 1 January 2004-31 December 2007, (ii) prescription from a specialist in neurology, (iii) prescription for @entity1737 being specified in NorPD. RESULTS: A total of 435 (64%) @entity1 and 242 @entity1 were included; female:male ratio 1.8:1. Point prevalence (1 January 2008) of symptomatic @entity1737 was 131 per million; 92 for @entity1 , 170 for @entity1 . Seventy-four new users of @entity4836 were registered in 2007 (42 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 ), i.e. the incidence rate for 2007 being 16 per million; 14 for @entity1 , 18 for @entity1 . Mean age of incident cases was 59 years; 64 and 55 years, respectively. Prevalence and incidence were significantly higher in the age group >=  50 years than < 50 years (P < 0.001), and highest at 70-79 years. Prevalence and incidence did not differ in the five geographical health regions in Norway. CONCLUSIONS: Reported prevalence and incidence are amongst the highest found in similar studies. This may be explained by optimal case identification, higher incidence of drug requiring @entity1737 amongst the elderly, and recurrences of previous @entity1737 .

title: @entity1737 requiring XXXX treatment in a national population cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine', 'Pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

answer: @entity4836 :: (MESH:D011729,Chemical) :: ['pyridostigmine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare accreditation is considered to be an essential quality improvement tool. However, its effectiveness has been critiqued. METHODS: Twenty-four interviews were conducted with clinicians (five), nurses (six), managers (eight), and basic/translational researchers (five) from eight European @entity5 centres on changes observed from participating in a European @entity5 accreditation programme. Data were thematically analysed and verified with @entity1 and checked against auditor's feedback. RESULTS: Four change categories emerged: (i) the growing importance of the nursing and supportive care field (role change). Nurses gained more autonomy/clarity on their daily duties. Importance was given to the hiring and training of supportive care personnel (ii) critical thinking on data integration (strategic change). Managers gained insight on how to integrate institutional level data (iii) improved processes within multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings (procedural change). Clinical staff experienced improved communication between MDTs (iv) building trust (organisational change). Accreditation improved the centre's credibility with its own staff and externally with funders and @entity1 . No motivational changes were perceived. Researchers perceived no changes. The auditor's feedback included changes in 13 areas: translational research, biobanks, clinical trials, @entity1 privacy and satisfaction, @entity5 registries, clinical practice guidelines, @entity1 education, screening, primary prevention, role of nurses, MDT, supportive care, and data integration. However, our study revealed that staff perceived changes only in the last four areas. CONCLUSION: Staff perceived changes in data integration, nursing and supportive care, and in certain clinical aspects. Accreditation programmes must pay attention to the needs of different stakeholder groups, track changes, and observe how/why change happens.

title: Staff perceptions of change resulting from participation in a European @entity5 accreditation programme: a snapshot from eight XXXX centres.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Functionally distinct @entity958 ( @entity958 ) genes that positively affect root or shoot growth when ectopically expressed were combined to explore the feasibility of enhanced biomass production. Enhanced root growth resulting from cytokinin deficiency was obtained by overexpressing @entity17624 ( @entity17624 ) under the control of the root-specific @entity17625 promoter. Plants harboring the @entity17625 - @entity17624 construct were crossed with four different transgenic lines showing enhanced leaf growth. For all combinations, the phenotypic traits of the individual lines could be combined, resulting in an overall growth increase. Unexpectedly, three out of four combinations had more than additive effects. Both leaf and root growth were synergistically enhanced in plants ectopically expressing @entity17624 and BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1, indicating cross talk between cytokinins and @entity11406 . In agreement, treatment of @entity17625 - @entity17624 plants with @entity16044 resulted in a dramatic increase in lateral root growth that could not be observed in wild-type plants. Coexpression of @entity17624 and the @entity17626 ( @entity17626 ) antagonized the effects of @entity17626 overexpression, revealing an interplay between cytokinins and @entity17626 during leaf cell proliferation. The combined overexpression of @entity17624 and GIBBERELLIN 20-OXIDASE1 led to a synergistic increase in leaf growth, suggesting an antagonistic growth control by cytokinins and @entity2273 . Only additive effects on root and shoot growth were visible in plants ectopically expressing both @entity17624 and @entity958 VACUOLAR PYROPHOSPHATASE1, hinting at an independent action mode. Our results show new interactions and contribute to the molecular and physiological understanding of biomass production at the whole plant level.

title: Combining enhanced root and shoot growth reveals cross talk between pathways that control plant organ size in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11406 :: ('MESH:D060406', 'Chemical') :: ['brassinosteroids']

entities_list: @entity2273 :: ('MESH:D005875', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellins']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'ARABIDOPSIS', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity16044 :: ('MESH:C023623', 'Chemical') :: ['brassinolide']

entities_list: @entity17624 :: ('835799(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['CKX3', 'CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE3']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) is a carcinogen that has @entity703 and possibly other @entity5 sites including @entity1893 . Its use in China has increased since the early 1990s with China's growing metal, electronic, and telecommunications industries. We examined historical occupational @entity4966 air concentration patterns in a database of @entity4966 inspection measurements collected in Shanghai, China to identify temporal trends and broad contrasts among occupations and industries. METHODS: Using a database of 932 short-term, area @entity4966 air inspection measurements collected in Shanghai worksites from 1968 through 2000 (median year 1986), we developed mixed-effects models to evaluate job-, industry-, and time-specific @entity4966 air concentrations. RESULTS: Models of @entity4966 air concentrations from Shanghai work sites predicted that exposures decreased 5-10% per year between 1968 and 2000. Measurements collected near launderers and dry cleaners had the highest predicted geometric means (GM for 1986 = 150-190mg m(-3)). The majority (53%) of the measurements were collected in metal treatment jobs. In a model restricted to measurements in metal treatment jobs, predicted GMs for 1986 varied 35-fold across industries, from 11mg m(-3) in 'other metal products/repair' industries to 390mg m(-3) in 'ships/aircrafts' industries. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4966 workplace air concentrations appeared to have dropped over time in Shanghai, China between 1968 and 2000. Understanding differences in @entity4966 concentrations across time, occupations, and industries may assist future epidemiologic studies in China.

title: Historical Occupational XXXX Air Concentrations Based on Inspection Measurements From Shanghai, China.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['been linked to kidney cancer']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['Trichloroethylene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7561 Background: Standard CT is toxic and yields unsatisfactory results in advanced @entity1149 . The aim of this trial was to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of BE first-line combination, followed by CT at @entity1726 . METHODS: Eligibility criteria included non-squamous @entity1149 stage IIIB-IV, WHO PS 0-1, no brain metastases. B 15 mg/kg i.v. day 1 of each 21-day cycle and E 150 mg p.o. daily were given until @entity1726 or unacceptable @entity137 , followed by CT with @entity136 1250 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1 and 8 and either @entity900 80 mg/m(2) or @entity3003 AUC 5 i.v. on day 1 (every 3 weeks) for a maximum of 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was disease stabilization rate (DSR) after 12 weeks of BE. Secondary endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), response rate, @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), DSR at 6 and 18 weeks, safety, quality of life, response to subsequent CT, molecular pathology (mutations), allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mutations ( @entity5 , serum), serum proteomics and other translational analyses. RESULTS: 103 @entity1 (pts) were enrolled, 101 were evaluable. Under BE, DSR at week 12 was 54.5% (95% CI: 44.2-64.4%). 73 pts had at least SD (72.3%), including 1 CR (1.0%) and 17 PR (16.8%). No unexpected @entity137 were observed. Median @entity1054 under BE was 4.1 months (mo). 62 (61.4%) pts started CT; 35 received at least 4 cycles. Six PR and 32 SD were observed. At a median follow-up of 36 mo, median @entity1349 was 14 mo (95% CI: 10.7-19.0 mo). Twelve pts had an activated @entity470 mutation in exons 19 or 21; their exclusion did not change overall @entity1054 or @entity1349 , and DSR at week 12 remained 50.6%. Thirteen pts had @entity984 mutation. Allele-specific PCR detected @entity470 mutations in serum of > 50% of pts with @entity5 mutations. PCR also detected identical @entity470 mutations in 66% of @entity5 tested by sequencing method. CONCLUSIONS: The BE regimen followed by CT at @entity1726 is feasible in advanced non-squamous @entity1149 with @entity137 and promising activity. @entity1349 is similar to the observed @entity1349 using up-front standard CT regimens.

title: Bevacizumab (B) and erlotinib (E) as first-line therapy in metastatic nonsquamous XXXX ( @entity1149 ) followed by platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) at disease progression ( @entity1726 ): A multicenter phase II trial, SAKK 19/05.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'low toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Arterial and portal @entity1063 and @entity1425 levels, and hepatic blood volumes were measured in @entity468 anesthetized with @entity4485 to determine the basal levels after surgery and adrenalectomy in comparison with levels during intravenous infusions of @entity1063 and @entity1425 that produced hepatic venoconstriction. In addition, the hypothesis that @entity1063 released into portal blood during mesenteric nerve stimulation might produce hepatic venous responses was tested. No @entity1425 was detected in any plasma samples except during intravenous @entity1425 infusions. Surgery did not increase, and adrenalectomy did not decrease, the basal @entity1063 levels measured after anesthesia (0.8 +/- 0.1 ng/ml). These basal levels were below the minimal levels required to produce hepatic venous responses. Equal plasma levels of @entity1063 and @entity1425 produced similar hepatic venous responses and maximal responses required increases in plasma levels of 100 times the basal levels. Stimulation of mesenteric nerves at 2 Hz produced no change in portal @entity1063 levels, whereas at 8 Hz it produced a doubling of these levels. No significant changes in hepatic volume occurred. It is concluded that although basal levels of circulating @entity2661 may reflect overall sympathetic nervous activity, they are not high enough to produce hepatic venous responses. Sympathetic control of the hepatic venous bed is mediated through the hepatic innervation, and circulating @entity2661 play at most a minor role.

title: Effects of circulating XXXX on hepatic blood volume in anesthetized @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital sodium']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: BackgroundA single-institutional prospective study of optimal hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy for large brain metastases with high risk factors was performed based on the risk prediction of radiation-related complications.MethodsEighty-eight @entity1 with large brain metastases   10  cm3 in critical areas treated from January 2010 to February 2014 using the CyberKnife were evaluated. The optimal dose and number of fractions were determined based on the surrounding brain volume circumscribed with a single dose equivalent (SDE) of 14  Gy ( @entity15081 ) to be less than 7  cm3 for individual lesions. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsAs a result of optimal treatment, 92 @entity5 ranging from 10 to 74.6  cm3 (median, 16.2  cm3) in volume were treated with a median prescribed isodose of 57% and a median fraction number of five. In order to compare the results according to the @entity5 volume, the @entity5 were divided into the following three groups: 1) 10  19.9  cm3, 2) 20  29.9  cm3 and 3)   30  cm3. The lesions were treated with a median prescribed isodose of 57%, 56% and 55%, respectively, and the median fraction number was five in all three groups. However, all @entity5   20  cm3 were treated with      five fractions. The median SDE of the maximum dose in the three groups was 47.2  Gy, 48.5  Gy and 46.5  Gy, respectively. @entity5 control was obtained in 90.2% of the @entity1 , and the median survival was nine months, with a median follow-up period of seven months (range, 3-41 months). There were no significant differences in the survival rates among the three groups. Six @entity5 exhibited marginal recurrence 7-36 months after treatment. Ten @entity1 developed symptomatic @entity2657 or recurrence of pre-existing @entity4 , seven of whom required osmo- @entity134 therapy. No @entity1 developed @entity39 requiring surgical resection.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the administration of optimal hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy based on the dose-volume prediction of complications (risk line for hypofractionation), as well as Kjellberg  s @entity39 risk line used in single-session radiosurgery, is effective and safe for large brain metastases or other lesions in critical areas.

title: Optimal hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy for large brain metastases in XXXX with high risk factors: a single-institutional prospective study.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['radiation necrosis', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of single focus @entity263 in radical prostatectomies, its clinical relevance and the occurrence of @entity5435 - @entity9493 rearrangement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 1,100 radical prostatectomies and determined the @entity5 outline and number of @entity5 foci. When single focus @entity263 was identified, we recorded pathological characteristics. We assessed @entity9493 fusion status in a subset of cases. RESULTS: Single focus @entity263 was identified in 106 radical prostatectomies. Median @entity1 age was 59 years. Median @entity1486 was 5.1 ng/ml. Single focus @entity5 was unilateral in 81% of cases and 98% originated from the peripheral zone. @entity5 volume was 0.1 to 3.9 cm(3) (median 0.5). Gleason score was 6 in 38% of @entity1 , 7 in 40%, 8 or greater in 21% and undetermined in 2%. Extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicles invasion were detected in 30% and 2% of cases, respectively. Stage was pT2 in 62% of cases, pT2 with positive margin of resection in 7% and @entity1803 in 30%. @entity9493 fusion was detected in 68% of @entity5 . Cases rearranged via deletion had significantly higher @entity5 volume. Three cases showed intratumor heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Single focus @entity263 accounted for 9.6% of @entity5 . In most cases it involved 1 lobe of the gland and originated from the peripheral zone. Despite a trend toward high grade disease 62% of single @entity263 were organ confined. Only 3 fusion positive cases showed intratumor heterogeneity, suggesting that most @entity5 may evolve from a single clone of malignant cells.

title: Single focus XXXX : pathological features and @entity9493 fusion status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['focus prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'single focus cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Health care costs continue to increase at a rapid rate. Dental costs alone have risen from  31.5 billion in 1990 to  70.3 billion in 2002, outpacing inflation by 160 percent. Payers for health care services have no means to evaluate the value of these large expenditures. Quantified information is not available regarding a @entity1 's condition prior to and after treatment nor on the probability of future disease. The absence of this information prevents dentists from responding effectively to challenges by payers and @entity1 , and specifically prevents dentists from effectively influencing the quality of periodontal care. We have developed a user-friendly Internet-based technology that quantifies risk for @entity2521 and @entity2520 severity and extent and generates recommended treatments and interventions. A caries risk assessment tool has also been developed, and an @entity5 assessment tool is being developed. This technology, designated the Oral Health Information Suite (OHIS), provides quantitative information to the clinician and @entity1 as an aid to diagnosis and to facilitate individual, needs-based treatment planning. OHIS enables successful application of the wellness model of oral health care, which may be expected to result in more uniform and accurate clinical decision making, improved oral health, reduction in the need for complex periodontal therapy, reduction in oral health care costs, and improved clinician productivity and income. It also will permit @entity1 to become more involved in their oral health care, payers to quantify and predict their health care expenditures, dentists to experience an increase in trust and respect, and periodontists to be more properly consulted regarding periodontal care.

title: The Oral Health Information Suite (OHIS): its use in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: To summarize the published literature on assessment of appropriateness of colonoscopy for the investigation of functional bowel symptoms, and report appropriateness criteria developed by an expert panel, the 2008 European Panel on the Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, EPAGE II. METHODS: A systematic search of guidelines, systematic reviews and primary studies regarding the evaluation and management of functional bowel symptoms was performed. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was applied to develop appropriateness criteria for colonoscopy for these conditions. RESULTS: Much of the evidence for use of colonoscopy in evaluation of chronic @entity490 , and/or @entity1142 and/or abdominal bloating is modest. Major limitations include small numbers of @entity1 and lack of adequate characterization of these @entity1 . Large community-based follow-up studies are needed to enable better definition of the natural history of @entity1 with @entity29 . Guidelines stress that alarm features ("red flags"), such as @entity548 , @entity417 , @entity353 , nocturnal symptoms, family history of @entity694 , age of onset > 50 years, and recent onset of symptoms should all lead to careful evaluation before a diagnosis of @entity29 is made. EPAGE II assessed these symptoms by means of 12 clinical scenarios, rating colonoscopy as appropriate, uncertain and inappropriate in 42 % (5/12), 25 % (3/12), and 33 % (4/12) of these, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence to support the use of colonoscopy in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity29 and no alarm features is lacking. These @entity1 have no increased risk of @entity694 and thus advice on screening for this is not different from that for the general population. EPAGE II criteria, available online (http://www.epage.ch), consider colonoscopy appropriate in @entity1 of > 50 years with @entity132 , but not in @entity1 with isolated chronic @entity490 .

title: Appropriateness of colonoscopy in Europe (EPAGE II). @entity29 : pain, XXXX and bloating.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['chronic or new-onset bowel disturbances']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['functional bowel disorders', 'functional bowel disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our institution's treatment techniques, disease outcomes, and complication rates after radiotherapy for the management of @entity706 involving the orbits. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 44 @entity1 curatively treated with radiotherapy for stage IAE (75%) or stage IIAE (25%) @entity19166 between 1969 and 2013. Median follow-up was 4.9 years. Thirty-eight @entity1 (86%) had @entity1893 and 6 (14%) had @entity1893 . Radiation was delivered with either a wedge-pair (61%), single-anterior (34%), or anterior with bilateral wedges (5%) technique. The median radiation dose was 25.5 Gy (range, 15 to 47.5 Gy). Lens shielding was performed when possible. Cause-specific survival and freedom from distant relapse were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The 5-year local control rate was 98%. Control of disease in the orbit was achieved in all but 1 @entity1 who developed an out-of-field recurrence after irradiation of a lacrimal @entity5 . The 5-year regional control rate was 91% (3 @entity1 failed in the contralateral orbit and 1 @entity1 failed in the ipsilateral parotid). Freedom from disease, cause-specific survival, and overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 70% and 55%, 89% and 89%, and 76% and 61%, respectively. Acute @entity137 was minimal. Ten @entity1 (23%) reported worsened vision following radiotherapy, and @entity231 developed in 17 @entity1 . Cataracts developed in 13 of 28 @entity1 treated without lens shielding (46%) and 4 of 16 @entity1 (25%) treated with lens shielding. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy is a safe and effective local treatment in the management of @entity19166 .

title: Radiotherapy in the XXXX : A Single Institution's Experience Over 4 Decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade lymphoma', 'high-grade lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity19166 :: ('MESH:C537131', 'Disease') :: ['orbital lymphoma']

answer: @entity19166 :: (MESH:C537131,Disease) :: ['Management of Orbital Lymphoma']


abstract: Coffee consumption is known to be related to various health conditions. Recently, its antioxidant effects have been suggested to be associated with all-cause or @entity5 mortality by various cohort studies. However, there has been only one small Asian cohort study that has assessed this association. Thus, we tried to assess the association of coffee with all-cause and total @entity5 mortality by conducting a large-scale cohort study in Japan. A total of 97,753 Japanese @entity1 and @entity1 aged 40-79 years were followed for 16 years. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of all-cause and total @entity5 mortality in relation to coffee consumption were calculated from proportional-hazards regression models. A total of 19,532 @entity204 occurred during the follow-up period; 34.8% of these @entity204 were caused by @entity5 . The all-cause mortality risk decreased with increasing coffee consumption in both @entity1 and @entity1 , with a risk elevation at the highest coffee consumption level (>= 4 cups/day) compared with the 2nd highest consumption level in @entity1 , although the number of subjects evaluated at this level was small. No association was found between coffee consumption and total @entity5 mortality among @entity1 , whereas a weak inverse association was found among @entity1 . The present cohort study among the Japanese population suggested that there are beneficial effects of coffee on all-cause mortality among both @entity1 and @entity1 . Furthermore, the results showed that coffee consumption might not be associated with an increased risk of total @entity5 mortality.

title: Effect of coffee consumption on all-cause and total XXXX mortality: findings from the JACC study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity5 are exceedingly rare and arise from odontogenic epithelial residues and odontogenic cysts in the jaw bones. @entity5 have various origins. Some develop directly from the remnants of odontogenic epithelium left after completion of dental development; others may result from malignant transformation of a benign odontogenic cyst or @entity1567 . These lesions are usually locally aggressive with radical surgery being the primary mode of treatment. Because of their rarity, much of the existing information @entity5 with regard to their origin, clinicopathological features, biological behavior, and therapeutics is derived from case reports or small series. The study represents one of the largest series of @entity5 compiled in a single institution. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective 22-year review from an Academic Medical Center. METHODS: Twenty cases of reported @entity5 were diagnosed in the authors' institution between 1981 and 2002. All pathological slides were reviewed to reconfirm diagnosis. Malignancy was confirmed based on the following criteria: histological findings of infiltrative growth, atypical cytological features, and focal @entity39 or clear evidence of distant metastatic spread. @entity1 age, race, sex, treatment and outcome were recorded on chart review. RESULTS: Of the twenty reported cases, only nine were actually found to be @entity5 on re-evaluation. These consisted of four cases of malignant @entity1567 , two cases of @entity189 , one case of malignant @entity23845 ( @entity23845 ), one case of @entity1358 , and one case of @entity957 arising in an odontogenic keratocyst. The racial demographics were six Caucasian @entity1 , one African American @entity1 , and two Asian @entity1 ; seven @entity1 and two @entity1 represented the gender distribution. @entity5 of six cases were located in the mandible, and of three cases, in the maxilla. All cases were treated with radical surgical excision. Two @entity1 died of their disease, three @entity1 were @entity66 , and four @entity1 were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity5 are rare. They require a multidisciplinary team to determine proper treatment. Long-term surveillance is mandatory and is accomplished by routine physical examinations, along with serial radiographic imaging.

title: XXXX : a 22-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive and free of disease']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'ameloblastomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Odontogenic malignancies', 'Tumors', 'Malignant odontogenic tumors', 'about malignant odontogenic tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant odontogenic tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity23845 :: ('MESH:C537961', 'Disease') :: ['calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor', 'Pindborg tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant odontogenic tumors']


abstract: In order to investigate the value of peak @entity26 consumption (peak VO2) in predicting mortality in mild to moderately symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1002 , we studied 103 NYHA II/III class @entity1 with a @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) < or = 40%. @entity712 was due to @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in 39 @entity1 , @entity1000 in 54, @entity101 in eight and surgically corrected @entity340 in two. The following variables were analysed: age, cause of @entity712 ( @entity453 vs no @entity453 ), NYHA class, peak VO2, @entity1002 , left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) on Holter monitoring and the use of antiarrhythmic drugs. Statistical analysis was performed by Cox's proportional-hazards regression model. During a mean follow-up period of 20 months, there were 25 deaths. The estimated cumulative probabilities of survival were 88%, 73% and 58% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. Cox's model identified @entity453 (P = 0.01), NYHA III class (P = 0.04) and @entity1002 (P = 0.02) as independent, statistically significant predictors of mortality. Peak VO2 had only a marginal statistical significance (P = 0.07). Age, LVESVI, @entity1165 on Holter monitoring and use of antiarrhythmic drugs were not related to mortality. These data can be important in @entity1 clinical management and clinical trial design.

title: Prediction of mortality in mild to moderately symptomatic XXXX with @entity1002 . The role of the New York Heart Association classification, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, two-dimensional echocardiography and Holter monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity717 of the femoral head was technically established as a surgical procedure in 1972. This procedure has been successfully performed on 250 hips in 204 @entity1 . In the treatment of idiopathic and steroid-induced @entity2530 of the femoral head, the results of 128 hips in 90 @entity1 followed two to nine years were reviewed. In 98 of 128 hips, excellent results were obtained clinically and roentgenographically. Progressive collapse in the newly created weight-bearing area occurred in 25 hips where the lesions had been extensive. In 35 of 39 Grade I or II hips, excellent results were obtained in every respect (success rate: 90%). Following the analysis of results on the preoperative lateral roentgenograms of the femoral head, 76 of the 80 hips in the group in which the intact area was greater than one third of the total articular surface showed no collapse of the newly created weight-bearing area, thus accounting for a 95% success rate. In cases when a further collapse was prevented, the @entity39 were smaller at follow-up. Excellent results were obtained when the osteotomy was performed during the early stage of @entity39 and in the absence of an advanced collapse, even in extensive lesions. In advanced cases with an extensive lesion, adequate anterior rotation is essential and intentional varus position should be designed. These results suggest that this procedure will inhibit progressive collapse of the femoral head and restore the joint more effectively than other surgical procedures.

title: XXXX of the femoral head for the treatment of @entity2530 . Follow-up statistics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy']


abstract: @entity1489 is one of the most common types of @entity5 in the world. UV radiation is known as the primary environmental carcinogen responsible for @entity1489 development. However, UV radiation is a ubiquitous substance existing in the environment and the physiological effect of UV radiation is consistently ignored. Therefore, in the present study, the physiological effect of UV radiation on inhibition of @entity1489 was investigated. Normal @entity19 skin was processing by no pre-radiation or pre-radiation of low-dose UV before a medium or high dose of UV radiation. We found that the low-dose pre-radiated @entity19 skin tissue exhibited @entity32 , skin ROS production and consequently low skin @entity2543 after the medium-dose UV radiation compared with the no pre-radiated @entity19 . However, this inhibition was not indicated in the high-dose UV radiation group after low-dose pre-radiation. Furthermore, western blot analysis and gelatin zymography showed low expression and activation of @entity5780 in the skin tissues processed following medium-dose radiation, but not in tissues treated with high-dose radiation after a low-dose pre-radiation. Further investigation of @entity5780 inhibitors of @entity5783 / @entity6569 showed an upregulated @entity5783 expression, but not @entity6569 . Collectively, these data indicate that low-dose pre-radiation attenuates the @entity32 and ROS production induced by medium-dose UV radiation and also elevates @entity5783 to withstand @entity5780 , therefore suppressing @entity1373 . The present study indicates a novel concept or prophylactic function of moderate UV radiation as a preventative strategy.

title: Low-dose UVB irradiation prevents @entity5780 -induced @entity1373 by inhibiting XXXX and ROS.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['low skin inflammation', 'skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer', 'Skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['skin hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity28 are now common among Chinese. We aimed to examine secular trends in the prevalence of low risk profile and to examine whether comparable changes in the prevalence of low risk profile across waist circumference (WC) groups and body mass index (BMI) categories have occurred. METHODS: We used data from the nationwide China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2009. There were 7274, 8368, 9369, 8948, 8786, and 9278 @entity1 included in the analyses across the six study periods. We created an index of low risk factor burden from the following variables: not currently smoking, BMI   <   25  kg/m2, WC   <   90/80  cm in @entity1 / @entity1 , untreated systolic/diastolic blood pressure   <   120/80  mmHg, and not having been previously diagnosed with @entity6 . RESULTS: During the period of 1993-2009, the age-adjusted prevalence of low risk profile decreased from 16.2 to 11.5% among @entity1 and from 46.3 to 34.6% among @entity1 (both P   <   0.001); Similar significant trends were observed in all age groups, rural/urban settings, education groups, WC status and BMI categories. The change in the prevalence of low risk profile was more striking among @entity28 @entity1 (P for interaction terms cohort *BMI were   <   0.001). In 2009, 2.0 and 25.6% among central @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 had a low risk profile; Of note, was that 0.1 and 0.3% general @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 had a low risk profile. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of low risk profile declined considerably over the past 17  years in all demographic groups, WC status, and BMI categories. Public health prevention strategies are urgently needed.

title: Secular trends in the prevalence of low risk factor burden for @entity65 according to XXXX status among Chinese adults, 1993-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Bologna's operation to relieve @entity3142 in @entity1 with large cystoceles uses two vaginal strips to form a subcervical sling. Of 60 @entity1 treated in this way, urodynamic exploration was performed preoperatively in 83% and postoperatively in 50%, while 42% underwent lateral retention and pressure cystography. All @entity1 presented at least a stage II cystocele and hysteroptosis, 47% a patent and 93% a potential @entity3142 and 40% a @entity1690 . Anatomic results were excellent: 77% of total relief and 23% improvement in the cystoceles. Of greatest interest was efficacy against @entity322 : all patent stress @entity322 were cured; none occurred after correction of cystocele, and only two cases of potential @entity322 due to anatomic failure were observed. These good clinical results could be correlated with postoperative urodynamic exploration findings: the lack of persistent @entity3833 was related to the correction or even hypercorrection of the transmission anomaly without alteration of sphincter function. Paradoxically, images of pressure cystography showed elevation of the bladder neck in relation to symphysis pubis to be limited in extent. In 26% of cases the neck was in fact below this limit. These findings raise the question of the mechanism of re-establishment of pressure transmission. Because of the simplicity of technic of Bologna's operation, its low morbidity and it very great reliability with respect to urinary results, this method is now practised routinely in cases of prolapse with marked cystocele and patent or potential @entity3142 , even in the presence of major @entity1690 .

title: [Results of the treatment and prevention of urinary XXXX by Bologna's operation in prolapse with voluminous cystoceles].

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter incompetence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'incontinences']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress incontinence']


abstract: @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ) could have clinical application in the delivery of neuroprotective agents following @entity385 . However, @entity63 brain tissue changes such as @entity2657 , in which cellular swelling decreases the fractional volume of the extracellular space, would be expected to significantly alter the distribution of neuroprotective agents delivered by @entity14782 . We sought to predict and characterize these effects using the magnetic resonance contrast agent @entity7241 ( @entity7241 ) as a model therapeutic agent. @entity14782 was observed using MRI in a normal @entity35 brain and in a @entity2500 @entity35 model of @entity2806 . @entity7241 was infused to the caudate putamen in the normal @entity35 (n = 6) and @entity2500 model (n = 6). In each @entity35 , baseline apparent diffusion coefficient images were acquired prior to infusion, and T1 maps were then acquired 13 times throughout the duration of the experiment. These T1 maps were used to compute @entity7241 concentrations throughout each brain. In the @entity2500 group, @entity14782 delivered @entity7241 to a comparatively larger volume with lower average tissue concentrations. Following the infusion, the total content of @entity7241 decreased more slowly in the @entity2500 group than in the normal group. This quantitative characterization confirms that @entity4 @entity63 tissue changes alter the distribution of agents by @entity14782 . These findings may have important implications for @entity14782 in the treatment of @entity1545 , and will assist in future efforts to model the distribution of therapeutic agents.

title: Quantification of convection-enhanced delivery to the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion', 'middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['Convection-enhanced delivery', 'CED']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid', 'Gd-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant @entity1456 (rt-PA) in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING: A total of 75 hospitals in 14 European countries. @entity1 : A total of 620 @entity1 with acute @entity63 @entity64 and moderate to severe @entity51 and without major early @entity1188 signs on initial computed tomography (CT). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized to treatment with 1.1 mg per kilogram of body weight of rt-PA (alteplase) or placebo within 6 hours from the onset of symptoms. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary end points included Barthel Index (BI) and modified Rankin Scale (RS) at 90 days. Secondary end points included combined BI and RS, Scandinavian @entity64 Scale (SSS) at 90 days, and 30-day mortality. Tertiary end points included early neurologic recovery (SSS) and duration of in-hospital stay. Safety parameters included mortality and incidence of @entity932 . RESULTS: The distribution of demographic variables was similar among @entity1 in the rt-PA and placebo treatment arms in both the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and the explanatory analysis for the target population (TP). A total of 109 @entity1 (17.4%) were included in the trial despite major protocol violations but excluded from the TP. There was no difference in the primary end points in the ITT analysis, while the TP analysis revealed a significant difference in the RS in favor of rt-PA-treated @entity1 (P = .035). Of the secondary end points, the combined BI and RS showed a difference in favor of rt-PA-treated @entity1 in both analyses (P < .001). Neurologic recovery at 90 days was significantly better for rt-PA-treated @entity1 in the TP (P = .03). The speed of neurologic recovery assessed by the SSS was significantly better up to 7 days in the ITT analysis and up to 30 days for the TP in the rt-PA treatment arm. In-hospital stay was significantly shorter in the rt-PA treatment arm in both analyses. There were no statistically significant differences in the mortality rate at 30 days or in the overall incidence of @entity1779 among the rt-PA and placebo treatment arms in either analysis. However, the occurrence of large parenchymal hemorrhages was significantly more frequent in the rt-PA-treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous thrombolysis in acute @entity385 is effective in improving some functional measures and neurologic outcome in a defined subgroup of @entity64 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity51 and without extended @entity1188 signs on the initial CT scan. However, the identification of this subgroup is difficult and depends on recognition of early major CT signs of @entity1188 . Therefore, since treating ineligible @entity1 is associated with an unacceptable increase of @entity548 and @entity204 , intravenous thrombolysis cannot currently be recommended for use in an unselected population of acute @entity385 @entity1 .

title: Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant @entity1456 for acute XXXX . The European Cooperative Acute @entity64 Study (ECASS)

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial or extracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'early infarction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['hemispheric stroke']


abstract: Background   Volar plating for acute @entity174 ( @entity174 ) in the elderly has been recommended. Some studies have suggested that open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) in this situation results in frequent complications. Our purposes were to provide a definition of irreparable @entity174 in independent elderly @entity1 and to review the results of a preliminary retrospective series of @entity13316 ( @entity13316 ) in this @entity1 population. Materials   Between 2011 and 2014, 11 consecutive independent elderly @entity1 (12 wrists) with irreparable intra-articular @entity174 were treated with primary @entity13316 at the acute stage. A resection of the ulnar head was associated in nine wrists. A total of 11 wrists with more than 2 years of follow-up form the basis of this paper. Description of Technique   The approach was dorsal longitudinal. An @entity3057 entered the dorsal aspect of the fracture medial to the Lister tubercle. Two thick osteoperiosteal flaps were elevated radially and ulnarly in a fashion similar to opening a book. The distal radius articular surface was excised. The implant was pressed into the radial canal with attention to restoring distal radius length. The two osteoperiosteal flaps were brought back together and sutured so as to close, again like a book, the osseous and soft tissues around the implant. Results   At mean follow-up of 30 months, average visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 was 1/10. Mean QuickDASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score was 32, and mean @entity1 -Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score was 24. Mean forearm rotation arc was 151  . Mean active flexion-extension arc was 60  . Mean active extension was 34  . Mean grip strength was 14   kg (64% of contralateral wrist). Mean Lyon wrist score was 73%. Bone healing around the implants was satisfactory in all but one case. Conclusions   Out data suggest that treatment of irreparable @entity174 in the independent elderly @entity1 with a bone-preserving @entity13316 may be a viable option. Longer-term follow-up and comparative studies are needed to confirm the validity of this concept.

title: Primary Wrist Hemiarthroplasty for Irreparable XXXX in the Independent Elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['DRF', 'distal radius fractures']

entities_list: @entity13316 :: ('MESH:D014954', 'Disease') :: ['wrist hemiarthroplasty', 'WHA']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['osteotome longitudinally']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Distal Radius Fracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with positive soft tissue surgical margins (STSM) and determine the association with various surgical and pathological characteristics and clinical outcomes in @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From November 1971 to December 2005, 1,591 @entity1 with primary @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the bladder underwent RC, with an extended bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion. A positive STSM was defined as @entity5 identified at the inked perivesical soft tissue surrounding the cystectomy specimen. Data were analyzed according to various clinical and pathologic variables, and survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 (1%) demonstrated pathologic evidence of a positive STSM following RC. Positive STSM were significantly associated with @entity3 , advanced pathologic stage, lymph node involvement, extent of nodal involvement and lymph node density. No @entity1 with an organ-confined primary @entity150 had a positive STSM, while 3% with extravesical @entity5 extension demonstrated a positive STSM. Recurrence-free and overall survival at 5 and 10 years for @entity1 with a positive STSM was 29 and 22%, and 29 and 11%, respectively (p < 0.001). A positive STSM increased the risk of recurrence by threefold and the overall risk of @entity204 by 2.6 times. Only nine @entity1 (1%) without evidence of nodal involvement had a positive STSM with a worse survival compared to those same pathologic subgroup and negative STSM. Nine @entity1 (2%) with lymph node @entity5 involvement had positive STSM and also demonstrated significantly worse survival. CONCLUSION: Although a positive STSM was present in only 1% of @entity1 undergoing a RC for @entity1606 of the bladder, it was found to be an independent risk factor for advanced disease, lymph node involvement and @entity5 progression with worse survival. A dedicated effort should be made to avoid a positive STSM at the time of RC.

title: The impact of positive soft tissue surgical margins following radical cystectomy for high-grade, invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: The acceptability and skin reaction of Estraderm Transdermal Therapeutic Systems as a function of climatic variability were examined in various zones which alter considerably in their temperature and humidity. An open, noncomparative prospective study was carried out in four institutional out- @entity1 menopausal clinics in varying climatic areas. Eighty symptomatic postmenopausal @entity1 without previous @entity172 replacement were examined. @entity1619 .T.S. 50 was applied twice weekly in four weekly cycles. @entity5709 tablets (1 mg), were taken orally for 12 consecutive days. Using a questionnaire, the subjects were asked about the efficacy of the treatment on @entity1109 , the @entity1104 and tolerability. The results were matched with the meteorological conditions. The duration of the study was 6 months. Acceptability of @entity1619 .T.S. is high (78.7%). Discontinuation of treatment was found in 21.3% of the study group. The main reason for discontinuation is due to skin reactions which occurred in 14 of the 80 @entity1 (17.5%). Meteorological conditions in this study did not influence the rate of skin reactions. No difference in acceptability of the treatment was found in relation to the mean temperature and mean humidity as registered in the dry desert and the humid coastal areas.

title: Acceptability and skin reactions to transdermal XXXX replacement therapy in relation to climate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Estraderm T']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5709 :: ('MESH:C024262', 'Chemical') :: ['Norethisterone-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesiveness']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Many @entity1446 enzymes show remarkable versatility and atypical kinetics. The fungal extracellular enzyme chloroperoxidase (CPO) characterizes a variety of one and two electron redox reactions in the presence of @entity8415 . A structural counterpart, found in @entity1 microsomal @entity12325 ( @entity12325 ), uses molecular @entity26 plus @entity1110 for the oxidative metabolism (predominantly hydroxylation) of substrate in conjunction with a redox partner enzyme, @entity12325 reductase. In this study, we employ the two above-mentioned @entity22392 proteins to probe the reaction kinetics and mechanism of @entity1446 enzymes. Hitherto, a substrate inhibition model based upon non-productive binding of substrate (two-site model) was used to account for the inhibition of reaction at higher substrate concentrations for the @entity12325 reaction systems. Herein, the observation of substrate inhibition is shown for both @entity2625 and final substrate in CPO catalyzed peroxidations. Further, analogy is drawn in the "steady state kinetics" of CPO and @entity12325 reaction systems. New experimental observations and analyses indicate that a scheme of competing reactions (involving primary product with enzyme or other reaction components/intermediates) is relevant in such complex reaction mixtures. The presence of non-selective reactive intermediate(s) affords alternate reaction routes at various substrate/product concentrations, thereby leading to a lowered detectable concentration of "the product of interest" in the reaction milieu. Occam's razor favors the new hypothesis. With the new hypothesis as foundation, a new biphasic treatment to analyze the kinetics is put forth. We also introduce a key concept of "substrate concentration at maximum observed rate". The new treatment affords a more acceptable fit for observable experimental kinetic data of @entity1446 redox enzymes.

title: Explaining the atypical reaction profiles of XXXX enzymes with a novel mechanistic hypothesis and kinetic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity22392 :: ('CHEBI:36073', 'Chemical') :: ['heme-thiolate']

answer: @entity1446 :: (MESH:D006418,Chemical) :: ['heme']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous therapy has been shown to be beneficial in the prevention of acute platelet-associated @entity715 events. However, orally active agents would be advantageous for chronic therapy. Fibrinogen receptor antagonists block the fibrinogen/platelet interaction and thus inhibit a step required for @entity715 formation. To date, no orally active fibrinogen binding inhibitors have been characterized. @entity20654 , now in clinical trial, is the orally active prodrug of a potent and specific fibrinogen binding antagonist. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured inhibition of 125I-fibrinogen binding to activated platelets and inhibition of aggregation in platelet-rich plasma to selected agonists and showed IC50s of 1.0 x 10(-8) and 3 to 7 x 10(-8) mol/L, respectively. Specificity of the active moiety was determined by studying its effect on the binding of (1) neutrophils to @entity20655 -stimulated endothelial cells, (2) endothelial cells to fibronectin, and (3) @entity20656 to isolated @entity20656 and fibrinogen receptors. No effect was observed on the binding neutrophils to IL-stimulated endothelial cells or endothelial cell binding to fibronectin. There was a fivefold separation between binding to isolated receptors of @entity20656 and fibrinogen. Collagen-induced aggregation was inhibited by 80%, and bleeding time was increased approximately 2.5-fold when the active moiety was infused to steady state at 0.2 micrograms/kg per minute in @entity235 . When the @entity13507 prodrug was given orally and the active moiety was given intravenously, the oral systemic activity was approximately 20%. Pharmacokinetic analysis after intravenous infusion of the prodrug or active moiety showed that the prodrug was rapidly converted to the active moiety; the active moiety had a t1/2 of 6.5 hours. When the prodrug was administered both orally and intravenously, the systemic availability of the active moiety was 62%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity20654 , an orally active antiplatelet drug now in clinical trial, is shown to be a potent, specific fibrinogen binding inhibitor that blocks @entity1423 to a wide variety of known stimuli and has good bioavailability in animals.

title: XXXX : an orally active inhibitor of @entity1423 .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity20654 :: (MESH:C091295,Chemical) :: ['SC-54684A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cephalotaxus spp. are known to possess anticancer potential. In this present work, for the first time the effects of C. griffithii needle ( @entity10399 ) extracts on @entity1 @entity5 cells were examined. METHODS: The @entity10399 was successively extracted with @entity8144 (PE), @entity1324 and @entity1042 . The extracts were tested for its effect on proliferation of @entity5 cells ( @entity98 assay on HeLa, ZR751 and HepG2). Extract that showed the maximum growth inhibitory effect was subjected for mechanism of action study. These included apoptosis (morphological and DNA fragmentation assay), cell cycle (flow cytometry), caspase expression (Western blot) and activity (assay kit), @entity876 (western blot and @entity876 siRNA interference) and telomerase expression (reverse transcriptase PCR) analysis. RESULTS: Among the extracts, PE extract induced maximum @entity137 , with @entity204 occurred in ZR751 cells. Since, PE extract induced cell @entity204 was highest among the @entity10399 extracts, with maximum @entity5 cell @entity204 occurred in ZR751 cells; we carried out mechanism study of PE extract induced ZR751 cell @entity204 . It was observed that PE extract induced ZR751 cell @entity204 was associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by activating both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Knock down study revealed that @entity876 is essential for loss of ZR751 cell viability induced by PE extract. Further, PE extract down-regulated @entity2215 , @entity7066 , and @entity517 expression. Thin layer chromatography analysis indicated the presence of unique phytochemicals in PE extract. CONCLUSION: Based on the observations, we concluded that PE extract of C. griffithii needle contains important phyto-components with multiple cellular targets for control of @entity0 and is worthy of future studies.

title: Cephalotaxus griffithii Hook.f. needle extract induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and suppression of @entity2215 and @entity7066 expression on @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity8144 :: ('MESH:C004544', 'Chemical') :: ['petroleum ether']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'highest death']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Since its initial description in 1955, @entity1368 was thought to be a rare cause of @entity101 . However, with improved screening methodologies, it appears that @entity1368 is the most common form of secondary @entity101 . Diagnosis of this disorder results in either the cure of @entity101 or targeted pharmacotherapy. In addition, recent evidence suggests that @entity1369 excess may have specific @entity1370 that is reversible with treatment. @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity1371 and most @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity101 should undergo screening for @entity1368 . A random and ambulatory ratio of plasma @entity1369 concentration (ng/dl) to plasma @entity916 activity (ng/ml per hour) >20 and a plasma @entity1369 concentration >15 ng/dl is a positive screen for @entity1368 . A plasma @entity1369 concentration/plasma @entity916 activity ratio >20 alone is not diagnostic of @entity1368 ; @entity1368 must be confirmed by demonstrating inappropriate @entity1369 secretion with either the intravenous saline suppression test or measurement of 24-hour urinary @entity1369 while on a high- @entity1372 diet. The 2 major subtypes of @entity1368 are unilateral @entity1369 -producing @entity652 and bilateral @entity1373 . @entity1 with @entity1369 -producing @entity652 are usually treated with unilateral adrenalectomy, and @entity1 with @entity1373 are treated medically. The subtype evaluation may require one or more tests, the first of which is imaging the adrenals with computed tomography (CT). When CT reveals a solitary unilateral macroadenoma (>1 centimeter) and normal contralateral adrenal morphology in a @entity1 with @entity1368 , unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a reasonable therapeutic option. However, in many cases, CT imaging may reveal normal-appearing adrenals or ambiguous findings. @entity1211 helps solve these clinical dilemmas.

title: @entity1368 : A common and curable form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal venous sampling']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A technical stop in automatic milking systems may result in a severely prolonged milking interval (PMI) with subsequent impact on milk somatic cell count ( @entity7018 ). This study investigated the inflammatory reaction, milk composition and yield during @entity7018 peak observed in composite milk after exposing @entity291 to a single PMI of 24h. At the first milking after the PMI, a sharply increased proportion of milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) but marginally increased @entity7018 were observed. The peak in @entity7018 was not seen until morning milking day 2 after the PMI, notably, concomitantly with a decreased PMN proportion. An increase in blood @entity1132 , milk bovine serum albumin and @entity7019 ( @entity7019 ) and a drop in milk alpha lactalbumin (ALA) were seen concomitantly with the peak in PMN. All parameters mentioned, had returned to base line after day 2. The changes in @entity7018 and @entity7019 had the longest duration. @entity880 dehydrogenase in afternoon milk was decreased during the whole study as was also afternoon milk yield. @entity7020 could not be detected in milk at any time. @entity7019 and ALA, respectively, may influence chemotaxis and the changed concentrations observed after the PMI might have contributed to the increased migration of PMN to milk.

title: The effect of a single prolonged milking interval on inflammatory parameters, milk composition and yield in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: To assess @entity1 with high-grade @entity421 treated at our institution for various prognostic factors for the development of local recurrence of disease. Follow-up data were available for all @entity1 and the mean follow-up duration was 65 months in surviving @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 28 local recurrences in this study (7%). Of these, only three @entity1 (11%) were alive at the most recent follow-up point, 28, 53, and 54 months after local recurrence. None of 59 @entity1 who were treated primarily with a radical amputation and none of 10 who underwent a rotationplasty developed local recurrence. Four of 48 @entity1 (8%) who had wide amputations, one of whom had an intralesional amputation, and 23 of 237 (10%) who had limb-salvage surgery developed locally recurrent disease. Of 237 @entity1 who underwent limb-sparing resection, three prognostic factors for local control were identified. The strongest association with local recurrence was chemotherapy response (P < .0001), followed closely by surgical margins (P = .0001). Older @entity1 were more likely to have locally recurrent disease (P = .033), with each decade of life older than the first decade having a relative risk of 1.5 times greater per decade (SE = 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.034 to .0650). Factors that were not associated with local recurrence included sex, date of diagnosis, and anatomic site of disease. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy-induced @entity5 @entity39 and surgical margins are important prognostic factors for local control of @entity1 with @entity421 .

title: Relationship of chemotherapy-induced XXXX and surgical margins to local recurrence in @entity421 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity850 or occlusion of the basal arteries, without @entity7025 collateral vessel formation. METHODS: We identified @entity1 who presented to our institution from 1996 to 2005 with @entity432 or the proximal middle or anterior cerebral arteries demonstrated by digital subtraction cerebral angiography. We excluded those with evidence of @entity731 , systemic @entity1333 , @entity7025 phenomenon, or any other condition that could otherwise explain their @entity432 . Medical records were reviewed for presenting symptoms and clinical characteristics. Outcome was determined from chart review and phone interviews. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were identified. All presented with transient @entity63 attack or @entity64 . Eleven were @entity1 . Age at presentation ranged from 34 to 71 years. Nine had a history of @entity101 ; 5 had unilateral intracranial disease. Recurrent @entity64 on medical therapy occurred in none of the 5 during an average follow-up of 29 months. Seven had bilateral disease. @entity385 occurred between 2 and 107 months after the initial event in 5 of 8 medically treated hemispheres. Moyamoya collateral vessels developed in 1 @entity1 as shown on follow-up angiography. CONCLUSION: The clinical features and outcome of these @entity1 are similar to those reported in large case series of North American @entity1 with @entity7025 phenomenon. These data suggest a common etiology for the basal arterial occlusive process and a variable ability to form @entity7025 collateral vessels.

title: Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with idiopathic basal XXXX without @entity7025 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease of the distal internal carotid artery', 'arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusive disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of transcranial motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring and its impact on morbidity after surgical clipping of unruptured @entity438 . METHODS: Motor outcomes were compared before and after the application of MEP monitoring for a one year period. A total intravenous anesthesia was induced and maintained with a continuous infusion of @entity3369 . Muscle MEPs were elicited by constant voltage stimulation via subdermal needle electrodes placed at C3 and C4 positions. A more than 50% decrement of MEP amplitudes compared with baseline recordings was regarded as a warning sign and promptly indicated to the surgeon. RESULTS: Before the application of MEP monitoring, a new motor deficit was observed in 3 of 66 @entity1 . However, in 98 @entity1 operated under MEP monitoring, no new motor deficit was found except for one @entity1 who manifested delayed @entity1269 30 h after the operation owing to a @entity130 during craniotomy. MEPs deteriorated in 12 @entity1 which were related to @entity551 (n=1), temporary clipping (n=7), and permanent clipping (n=4), and recovered in all after prompt corrective measures. After surgical clipping of unruptured @entity439 , the absence of new @entity51 could be reliably anticipated by recovered MEPs as well as unchanged MEPs. CONCLUSIONS: Transcranial MEP monitoring is a simple, safe, and reliable tool for the prediction of postoperative motor functions. The @entity63 complications can be reduced via prompt corrective measures taken on the basis of MEP changes during @entity439 surgery.

title: Transcranial motor evoked potential monitoring during the surgical clipping of unruptured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cortical vein injury']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Group I metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs) form stable, @entity1520 -linked homodimers. Lack of a verifiably monomeric @entity9446 mutant has led to difficulty in assessing the role of dimerization in the molecular mechanism of @entity9446 activation. The related @entity1246 (B) receptor exhibits striking intradimer cross talk (ligand binding at one subunit effectively produces G protein activation at the other), but it is unclear whether group I mGluRs exhibit analogous cross talk. Signaling of heterologously expressed @entity9446 was examined in isolated @entity35 sympathetic neurons by measuring @entity2227 -mediated inhibition of native @entity460 currents. To examine @entity9446 activity when only one dimer subunit has access to @entity2227 ligand, wildtype @entity9446 was coexpressed with @entity9446 @entity24811 , a mutant with impaired @entity2227 binding, and the activity of the heterodimer (mutant/wild type) was examined. The @entity9446 @entity24811 mutant alone had a dose-response curve that was shifted by about 2 orders of magnitude. The half-maximal dose of @entity2227 shifted from 1.3 (wild-type @entity9446 ) to about 450 ( @entity9446 @entity24811 ) microM. However, the maximal effect was similar. Wild-type @entity9446 was expressed with excess @entity24811 @entity9446 to generate a receptor population consisting largely of mutant homodimers and mutant/wild-type heterodimers but without detectable wild-type homodimers. Under these conditions, no @entity2227 -mediated @entity460 current inhibition was observed below approximately 300 microM @entity2227 , although wild-type @entity9446 protein was detectable with immunofluorescence. These data suggest that mutant/wild-type heterodimeric receptors are inactive at ligand concentrations favoring @entity2227 association with receptor dimers at only one subunit.

title: Activation of metabotropic @entity2227 receptor 1 dimers requires XXXX binding in both subunits.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity24811 :: ('p|SUB|Y|74|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y74A']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To screen @entity1 with oligoarticular and polyarticular forms of @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) to determine (i) the severity of their class II skeletal pattern; (ii) temporomandibular joint signs and symptoms and (iii) use of systemic corticosteroids. DESIGN: Cross-sectional screening. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Sixty-eight @entity1 with @entity4932 aged between 9 and 16 years old who were screened at four regional treatment centres in the UK. METHOD: @entity1 were screened clinically and radiographically for the presence of class II skeletal pattern and temporomandibular ( @entity1348 ) @entity158 . In addition, the @entity4932 sub-type and history of disease activity and medication were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Class II skeletal pattern, @entity1348 signs and symptoms, use of systemic corticosteroids. RESULTS: The mean ANB values were 4.2 degrees (SD = 2.9 degrees) in the oligoarticular group and 5.1 degrees (SD = 3.8 degrees) in the polyarticular group. Just under one-third of @entity1 had a moderate or severe class II skeletal pattern and a further quarter of @entity1 had a mild class II skeletal pattern. Clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint @entity158 were low (<20%), except for crepitus and click which affected between 24 and 40% of @entity4932 @entity1 . Radiographically, 57% of oligoarticular and 77% of polyarticular cases exhibited @entity16176 . Use of systemic corticosteroids varied between centres, but overall, was prescribed more in polyarticular cases (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Just under one-third of oligoarticular and polyarticular @entity4932 @entity1 exhibited a moderate or severe class II skeletal pattern. It is, therefore, likely that any future clinical trial to investigate the effect of functional appliance treatment in @entity4932 @entity1 , will need multicentre co-operation to fulfil potential sample size requirements. Clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint @entity158 were low except for crepitus and click. However, radiographic evidence of @entity16176 was high particularly in the polyarticular group. Use of systemic @entity288 was prescribed more in polyarticular cases and this is likely to reflect the severity of the disease.

title: @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ): a screening study to measure class II skeletal pattern, XXXX PDS and use of systemic corticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis', 'JIA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16176 :: ('MESH:C538270', 'Disease') :: ['condylar erosion']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['TMJ']


abstract: A case of @entity5513 with multiple intratumoral @entity548 is reported. A 56-year-old male noted @entity2459 in his left ear in October of 1985. The diagnosis of a local physician was sudden @entity2319 . About 10 months later, he had two episodes of severe @entity10 without @entity390 or @entity391 . The @entity1 was hospitalized in October of 1986. Neurological examination @entity6447 . @entity6447 . Plain and enhanced computed tomography revealed only an unremarkable low-density area at the left cerebellopontine angle. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly demonstrated a large (3 x 4 x 5 cm), @entity5 in the site. On exposure of the @entity5 at surgery, most of the cysts were found to be filled with a dark red or xanthochromic fluid. The @entity5 was completely removed following numerous cyst punctures to decrease its volume. There was no evidence of @entity510 . Histological examination showed a typical @entity5513 . The cyst wall contained numerous @entity8721 -like lesions. The initial symptom of this @entity1 was sudden @entity393 , which is an atypical manifestation of @entity5513 . The massive @entity548 was thought to be caused by @entity75 in the cyst wall. MRI clearly demonstrated the @entity548 , especially in the posterior fossa.

title: [ @entity5513 presenting with repeated XXXX . Case report].

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intratumoral hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic cysts within the tumor', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing reduction']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intratumoral hemorrhage']


abstract: Stereotactic radiosurgery has become a more widely employed modality of treatment for @entity5513 , but controversy still arises regarding the safety and efficacy of the technique. In general, radiation doses have been reduced over time. Since beginning treatments of @entity5513 with the Gamma Knife at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center in 1994, a dose regimen was adopted by the first author employing limited doses selected on the basis of @entity5 size with the anterior and medial regions of the prescription isodose surface kept just inside the @entity2287 -enhanced limit of the @entity5 , in order to protect the facial nerve and brainstem. The records of @entity1 treated for @entity5 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-two @entity1 , aged 23-83 years, were treated with peripheral @entity5 doses of 10-14 Gy at the 45-70% isodoses. No @entity1 developed new @entity425 or sensory loss; 3 @entity1 had minor transient facial twitching within a few months of treatment. Of 34 @entity1 followed more than 1 year (range 14-100 months, mean 43.4 months, median 37 months), 17 @entity5 reduced in size, 16 remained unchanged, and 1 increased in size. One @entity1 , who had radiosurgery as planned postoperative adjuvant treatment after partial resection of a large @entity5 , developed an enlarging peritumoral @entity145 that required surgical resection 79 months after radiosurgery. @entity1 with good pretreatment hearing retained approximately the same subjective level of hearing. Very good control of unilateral @entity5513 has been achieved by a limited-dose scheme that produces minimal complications, but due to the frequently indolent course of these @entity5 , continued long-term monitoring will be necessary.

title: Safety and efficacy of tiered limited-dose gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'unilateral tumors']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore associations of @entity5321 and @entity6867 polymorphisms with @entity2 susceptibility among Mongolian and Han populations in the Inner Mongolian region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity5321 and @entity6867 polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP in 930 @entity2 @entity1 and 1000 controls. RESULTS: (1) Disequilibrium of the distribution of @entity6867 polymorphism was found in @entity2 @entity1 among Han and Mongolian populations (p=0.031). (2) @entity2 risk was higher in individuals with c1, D allele of @entity5321 RsaI/ @entity9379 , DraI polymorphisms and slow acetylation of @entity6867 (c1 compared with c2, OR=1.382, 95%CI: 1.178- 1.587, p=0.003; D compared with C, OR=1.241, 95%CI: 1.053-1.419, P<0.001; slow acetylation compared with rapid acetylation, OR=1.359, 95%CI:1.042-1.768, p=0.056) (3) Compared with c2/c2 and rapid acetylation, c1/c1 together with slow acetylation synergetically increased risk of @entity2 2.83 fold. (4) Smokers with @entity5321 c1/c1, @entity336 , and @entity6867 slow acetylation have 2.365, 1.916, 1.841 fold @entity2 risk than others with c2/c2, CC and @entity6867 rapid acetylation, respectively. (5) Han smokers with @entity6867 slow acetylation have 1.974 fold @entity2 risk than others with rapid acetylation. CONCLUSIONS: Disequilibrium distribution of @entity6867 polymorphism was found in @entity2 @entity1 among Han and Mongolian populations. Besides, Han smokers with @entity6867 slow acetylation may have @entity2 risk compared with rapid acetylation couterparts. @entity5321 c1/ c1, @entity336 and @entity6867 slow acetylation, especially combined with smoking, contributes to the development of @entity2 . @entity5321 c1/c1 or @entity336 genotype and @entity6867 slow acetylation have strong synergistic action in increasing @entity2 risk.

title: Association of @entity5321 and XXXX Polymorphisms with Lung Cancer Susceptibility among Mongolian and Han Populations in the Inner Mongolian Region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'higher lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity6867 :: (10,Gene) :: ['NAT2']


abstract: The tricyclic antidepressant @entity3659 has been shown to reduce concentrations of large neutral @entity1522 (LNAA) in @entity35 plasma. Compounds with that property might interact with such @entity1522 used as therapeutic agents with a central site of action by causing a change in the relationship between the administered LNAA and its endogenous LNAA competitors for carrier-mediated transport through the blood-brain barrier into the brain. This study was performed to investigate if the antidepressant agents @entity3659 and @entity8991 could, by such a mechanism, increase brain concentrations of administered @entity2340 . Intraperitoneal administration of @entity9484 alone (100 mg kg-1) resulted in an increase in the concentration of @entity2340 in the @entity35 brain from 14 +/- 0.7 to 100 +/- 4.3 nmol g-1 compared with @entity35 given saline only. When @entity35 were given @entity2340 with @entity3659 (25 mg kg-1, i.p.) or @entity8991 (25 mg kg-1, i.p.) brain concentrations of @entity2340 were increased even further, to 150 +/- 4.5 and 157 +/- 10.2 nmol g-1, respectively. Administration of @entity9484 alone resulted in an increase in the @entity35 plasma @entity2340 ratio [(concentration of @entity2340 )/(total concentration of LNAAs)] from 0.14 +/- 0.003 to 0.42 +/- 0.011 compared with @entity35 given saline only. When @entity35 were given @entity2340 with @entity3659 or @entity8991 the plasma @entity2340 ratios were increased even further to 0.52 +/- 0.017 and 0.54 +/- 0.025, respectively. All these effects were statistically significant (P < 0.001). These findings support the hypothesis that tricyclic antidepressants could interact with administered @entity2340 by changing the relationship in plasma between @entity2340 and its endogenous LNAA competitors for transport into the brain, resulting in higher concentrations of @entity2340 in the brain. It is possible that this could be the mechanism of the previously reported finding that @entity8991 and @entity2340 potentiate each other in the treatment of @entity308 .

title: @entity3659 and @entity8991 increase the concentration of administered XXXX in the @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity9484 :: (CHEBI:16828,Chemical) :: ['L-tryptophan']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is an emerging serious disease in the Americas. Hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae) are the causative agents of this syndrome and are mainly transmitted through inhalation of aerosols containing the excreta of wild rodents. In the Ribeir  o Preto region (state of S  o Paulo, Brazil), @entity65 has been reported since 1998, caused by the Araraquara virus (ARAV), for which Necromys lasiurus is the rodent reservoir. This study aimed to show diagnostic results relating to @entity281 in @entity1 and rodents, obtained at the Virology Research Center of the Ribeir  o Preto School of Medicine, University of S  o Paulo, between 2005 and 2008. METHODS: @entity65 was diagnosed by means of ELISA and/or RT-PCR in 11 (21.2%) out of 52 suspected cases, and 54.4% of these were fatal. Furthermore, 595 wild rodents (Necromys lasiurus, Akodon sp, Calomys tener and Oligoryzomys sp) were caught between 2005 and 2008. RESULTS: Fifteen (2.5%) of these rodents presented antibodies for hantavirus, as follows: Necromys lasiurus (4%), Calomys tener (1.9%) and Akodon sp (1.5%). Nucleotide sequences obtained through RT-PCR from one @entity65 @entity1 and one Calomys tener rodent were compared with hantavirus sequences from GenBank, which showed that both were homologous with ARAV. CONCLUSIONS: This work corroborates previous studies showing that ARAV is the hantavirus causing @entity65 in the Ribeir  o Preto region. It also shows that rodents infected with hantavirus represent a constant risk of transmission of this virus to @entity1 .

title: Diagnosis of hantavirus infection in XXXX and rodents in Ribeir  o Preto, State of S  o Paulo, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Hantavirus pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome', 'HPCS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity4173 @entity1473 -terminal proteinase (C-proteinase) enhancer, a glycoprotein that binds to the @entity1473 -terminal propeptide of @entity4173 and enhances @entity10649 activity, was purified from @entity19 fibroblast culture media. Partial @entity535 sequences obtained from proteolytic fragments were found to have identity with the deduced @entity535 sequence of a cDNA clone of unknown function, previously isolated from a @entity19 astrocyte library. Sequences of @entity19 enhancer cDNA, obtained in the present study, predict a approximately 50-kDa, 468- @entity535 protein that differs from the 43-kDa, 402- @entity535 protein predicted by the previously reported astrocyte-derived clone. @entity1 cDNAs encode an enhancer of 449 @entity1522 . Previous biochemical studies have found the @entity19 enhancer as a 55-kDa form, which is readily processed to 36- and 34-kDa forms, retaining full C-proteinase enhancing activity and the ability to bind the @entity1473 -terminal propeptide. Data presented here show the 36-kDa form to correspond to the @entity1472 -terminal portion of the 55-kDa protein. This is the most conserved region between @entity19 and @entity1 enhancers, comprising two domains with homology to domains found in a number of proteases and proteins with developmental functions. Such domains are thought to mediate interactions between proteins. @entity19 enhancer RNA is shown to be at highest levels in collagen-rich tissues, especially tendon. The @entity1 enhancer gene, @entity10650 , is localized to 7q21.3-->q22, the same chromosomal region containing the type I collagen alpha 2 chain gene, @entity4173 .

title: @entity4173 @entity1473 -terminal proteinase enhancer protein: identification, primary structure, and chromosomal localization of the cognate @entity1 gene ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity4173 :: ('1278', 'Gene') :: ['type I procollagen', 'Type I procollagen', 'COL1A2']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10649 :: ('12153(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['procollagen C-proteinase']

answer: @entity10650 :: (5118,Gene) :: ['PCOLCE']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Most cases of Meckel's @entity7261 are asymptomatic, however, some cases presented with @entity360 . It is often difficult to determine whether @entity8529 is a source of obscure @entity360 . Double balloon endoscopy allows endoscopic access to the entire small intestine. The aim of this study was to compare endoscopic findings of three @entity548 and two @entity548 in @entity1 with obscure @entity360 using this novel technique. METHODS: Between September 2000 and April 2005, 354 enteroscopies, including 162 anterograde and 192 retrograde procedures, were performed on 217 @entity1 at the Jichi Medical University Hospital, Japan, using the double balloon endoscopy system. Five consecutive @entity1 where @entity8529 was endoscopically observed were selected and analyzed. RESULTS: Double balloon endoscopy enabled direct observation of Meckel's @entity7261 in all five @entity1 . Surgical procedures were indicated for three @entity1 where double balloon endoscopy discovered @entity1066 . By contrast, double balloon endoscopy detected other sources of @entity548 in the remaining two @entity1 where no @entity1066 were found in the Meckel's @entity7261 . CONCLUSION: Endoscopic observation of the @entity1066 was important evidence of @entity548 in @entity1 with obscure @entity360 . Other sources of @entity548 should be considered when no @entity1066 are found in the Meckel's @entity7261 .

title: Endoscopic observation of XXXX by double balloon endoscopy: report of five cases.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', "non-hemorrhagic Meckel's diverticula", 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ["ulcers in Meckel's diverticula", 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["Meckel's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity8529 :: (MESH:D008467,Disease) :: ['Meckel's diverticulum']


abstract: The controlled @entity1317 that occurs with balloon angioplasty and other coronary interventions is characterized by evanescent endothelial denudation and vascular disruption. As a consequence, platelet activation occurs at the treated site, and there is a risk of @entity715 . This risk is heightened by several factors including unstable clinical presentation, lesion complexity, @entity130 , and dissection. @entity117 has been shown to unquestionably reduce, although not eliminate, acute complications and is now part of the routine periprocedural regimen. Heparinization with more intense anticoagulation than is conventionally used is also standard treatment and is initiated before vessel instrumentation. Adjunctive thrombolysis is rarely necessary unless refractory @entity715 precedes or complicates the procedure. However, thrombolysis may have a role in the treatment of saphenous vein graft obstructive lesions in which guide wire- or catheter-induced distal @entity1031 may cause @entity1188 in spite of successful graft recanalization. In contrast to their success in the periprocedural phase of coronary interventions, anticoagulants and a wide variety of platelet active agents have been ineffective in reducing the 30% to 40% incidence of @entity256 . Only 7E3, which targets the final common pathway of @entity1423 by irreversibly blocking the IIb/IIIa receptor, has been shown to decrease the 6-month clinical event rate after balloon angioplasty, possibly by a surface pacification mechanism. This suggests that newer more potent antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents may also find a role in the long-term management of these @entity1 .

title: Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy in XXXX undergoing coronary artery interventions: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolization']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['deep injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']