abstract: BACKGROUND: Congenital @entity299 may be a chronic condition, necessitating life-long follow-up for a substantial proportion of the @entity1 . Such @entity1 , therefore, are often presumed to be high users of resources for health care. Information on utilization of resources in adults with @entity299 , however, is scarce. METHODS: This retrospective pilot study, performed in Belgium, investigated 192 adults with @entity299 to measure the annual expenditures and utilization of health care and compared the findings with data from the general population. We also sought to explore demographic and clinical parameters as predictors for the expenditures. RESULTS: Hospitalization was documented in 20.3% of the @entity1 , with a median length of stay of 5 days. The overall payment by health insurance associations in 1997 was 1794.5 ECU per @entity1 , while @entity1 paid on average 189.5 ECU out-of-pocket. For medication, the average reimbursement and out-of-pocket expenses were estimated at 78 ECU and 20 ECU, respectively. Expenditures for @entity1 with @entity299 were considerably higher than the age and gender-corrected expenditures for the general population (411.7 ECU), though this difference was accounted for by only one-eighth of the cohort of those with @entity299 . In general, higher expenditures were associated with abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, female gender, functional impairment and higher age, although the explained variance was limited. CONCLUSION: Our study has provided pilot data on the economic outcomes for @entity1 with @entity299 . We have identified parameters that could predict expenditure, but which will have to be examined in future research. This is needed to develop guidelines for health insurance for those with @entity299 .

title: A pilot study of expenditures on, and utilization of resources in, health care in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'congenital heart diseases', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and dose-response characteristics of an extended-release preparation of @entity15506 using the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) on plasma @entity413 , glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and @entity2690 secretion to a liquid-mixed meal in @entity2175 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Two prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trials were performed in 22 sites and 347 @entity1 with @entity2175 (aged 59 +/- 0.6 years; BMI, 29 +/- 0.3 kg/m2; known @entity6 duration, 8 +/- 0.4 years) were studied. Each clinical trial had a duration of 16 weeks with a 1-week washout, 3-week single-blind placebo phase, 4-week titration to a fixed dose, and 8-week maintenance phase at the assigned dose. In the first trial, once-daily doses of 5, 20, 40, or 60 mg @entity15506 GITS were compared with placebo in 143 @entity1 . In the second trial, doses of 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg of @entity15506 GITS were compared with placebo in 204 @entity1 . HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), @entity2690 , C-peptide, and @entity15506 levels were determined at regular intervals throughout the study. Postprandial plasma @entity413 (PPG), @entity2690 , and C-peptide also were determined at 1 and 2 h after a mixed meal (Sustacal). RESULTS: All doses of @entity15506 GITS in both trials produced significant reductions from placebo in FPG (range -57 to -74 mg/dl) and HbA1c (range -1.50 to -1.82%). Pharmacodynamic analysis indicated a significant relationship between plasma @entity15506 concentration and reduction in FPG and HbA1c over a dose range of 5-60 mg, with maximal efficacy achieved at a dose of 20 mg for FPG and at 5 mg for HbA1c. PPG levels were significantly lower, and both postprandial @entity2690 and C-peptide levels significantly higher in @entity1 treated with @entity15506 GITS compared with placebo. The percent reduction in FPG was comparable across @entity1 with diverse demographic and clinical characteristics, including those with entry FPG > or = 250 mg/dl, resulting in greater absolute decreases in FPG and HbA1c in @entity1 with the most severe @entity4854 . Despite the forced titration to a randomly assigned dose, only 11 @entity1 in both studies discontinued therapy because of @entity4053 . @entity15506 GITS did not alter lipids levels or produce @entity1017 . CONCLUSIONS: The once-daily @entity15506 GITS 1) lowered HbA1c, FPG, and PPG over a dose range of 5-60 mg, 2) was maximally effective at 5 mg (using HbA1c) or 20 mg (using FPG) based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships, 3) maintained its effectiveness in poorly controlled @entity1 (those with entry FPG > or = 250 mg/dl), 4) was safe and well tolerated in a wide variety of @entity1 with @entity2175 , and 5) did not produce @entity1017 or adversely affect lipids.

title: Efficacy, safety, and dose-response characteristics of XXXX gastrointestinal therapeutic system on glycemic control and @entity2690 secretion in @entity2175 . Results of two multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. The @entity15506 Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['Glipizide', 'glipizide']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity15506 :: (MESH:D005913,Chemical) :: ['glipizide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of @entity573 and epidemiological characteristics in Jiangsu province. METHODS: Questionnaire and diagnostic guidelines for @entity573 with color - printed photographs of typical clinical symptoms were sent to all county hospitals with pediatric beds. All the in - @entity1 with @entity573 hospitalized from January, 1993 to December, 1997 were studied regarding age, sex, season of illness, @entity299 , outcome etc. RESULTS: There were 509 cases (329 males and 180 females) diagnosed with 489 cases (96%) clinically typical. The incidence of the 5 - year period was averaged 2.53 per 100,000 @entity1 under 5. The number of male @entity1 with @entity573 was higher than that in female. The age peak of incidence was between 6 month and 2 - year olds. 13.6% of all cases developed @entity299 which mostly occurred in males and in those younger than 2 years of age. There was one @entity1 recurred among total @entity1 reported (recurrence rate 0.2%) and 2 @entity1 died (fatality rate 0.4%). CONCLUSION: The epidemiological characteristics of @entity573 in Jiangsu province were similar to those in Japan in sex, season distribution and @entity299 . The number of @entity1 in male was higher than in female. @entity1 were more commonly seen in spring than in winter. However, the incidence rate in Jiangsu was significantly lower than that in Japan and the age peak was between 6 month and 2 years old.

title: [Study on the epidemiological features of XXXX in Jiangsu].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sequelae']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine results and associations between subjective @entity227 while driving and objective visual function in drivers who had @entity231 surgery 5 years previously. SETTING: Norrlands University Hospital, Ume  , Sweden. METHODS: This prospective outcomes study examined 189 active drivers who had @entity231 surgery 5 years earlier. Visual acuity and low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) were measured, and a questionnaire with driving-specific questions (VF-14 based) was completed. The results were compared with data before and after surgery. RESULTS: Five years after @entity231 surgery, only a small proportion of @entity1 (3%) drove without fulfilling the visual requirements. Few @entity1 (5%) reported @entity227 while driving in daylight, but a large proportion (43%) experienced @entity4764 in darkness, with glare being the most common problem. There was a statistically significant association between an LCVA of less than 20/50 and reporting subjective @entity227 while driving (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 6.8). @entity1 had 1.8 times the odds of reporting @entity227 compared with @entity1 (95% CI, 1.0 to 3.5). CONCLUSIONS: Most active drivers had excellent visual acuity and no difficulty with daytime driving and distance estimation 5 years after @entity231 surgery. A large proportion of @entity1 experienced @entity4764 while driving at night. These data suggest an adjusted association between LCVA and self-assessed @entity227 while driving 5 years after @entity231 surgery. Our data confirm the importance of LCVA in relation to driving, especially in darkness.

title: Long-time results and associations between subjective XXXX with car driving and objective visual function 5 years after @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual difficulties']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulties']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual difficulties']


abstract: A surface loop (25/50-kDa loop) near the @entity377 pocket of @entity3999 has been proposed to be an important element in determining the rate of @entity857 release from @entity3999 , and as a consequence, the rate of actin- @entity3999 filament sliding (Spudich, J. A. (1991) Nature 372, 515-518). To test this hypothesis, loops derived from different @entity3999 II isoforms that display a range of actin filament sliding velocities were inserted into a smooth muscle @entity3999 backbone. Chimeric myosins were produced by baculovirus/Sf9 cell expression. Although the nature of this loop affected the rate of @entity857 release (up to 9-fold), in vitro motility (2.7-fold), and the Vmax of actin-activated ATPase activity (up to 2-fold), the properties of each chimera did not correlate with the relative speed of the @entity3999 from which the loop was derived. Rather, the rate of @entity857 release was a function of loop size/flexibility with the larger loops giving faster rates of @entity857 release. The rate of actin filament translocation was altered by the rate of @entity857 release, but was not solely determined by it. Through a combination of solute quenching and transient fluorescence measurements, it is concluded that, as the loop gets smaller, access to the @entity377 pocket is more restricted, @entity855 binding becomes less favored, and @entity857 binding becomes more favored. In addition, the rate of @entity855 hydrolysis is slowed.

title: Kinetic tuning of XXXX via a flexible loop adjacent to the @entity377 binding pocket.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: Treatment of 157 @entity1 with perforated duodenal @entity1066 has been evaluated. The condition of the @entity1 dictated that 40 be treated by simple closure. In the remaining @entity1 , vagotomy and @entity5173 and vagotomy and hemigastrectomy were performed in a randomized, prospective study. These @entity1 were observed postoperatively for an average of four years. There was one operative death after vagotomy and hemigastrectomy and none after vagotomy and @entity5173 . There were no instances of incapacitating @entity294 in either group, and the frequency of @entity86 was essentially the same in both groups. Reoperation was required in three @entity1 after vagotomy and hemigastrectomy. The anticipated advantage of @entity356 after vagotomy and @entity5173 compared with their frequency after vagotomy and hemigastrectomy in the definitive treatment of perforated duodenal @entity1066 was not apparent from our study. To provide protection against further @entity1066 and, at the same time, reduce postoperative gastric sequelae, parietal cell vagotomy without @entity5173 was performed and evaluated in 13 @entity1 with perforated duodenal @entity1066 . The longest follow-up period of these @entity1 was two years. There was no @entity294 , dumping or other significant gastric complaint. Gastric emptying was normal, and no @entity1066 have recurred. The results were excellent in 11 @entity1 and good in two. Early results suggest this method of treatment may be a satisfactory compromise between the use of simple closure that does not protect @entity1 against recurrent @entity1066 and the use of vagotomy and hemigastrectomy and vagotomy and @entity5173 which impose increased morbidity and death rates on those @entity1 who might not have had further @entity1066 .

title: Evolvement of a new treatment for perforated duodenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer disease', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative gastric complaints']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['decreased gastric complaints']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: One hundred eight @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 (high and intermediate grade) were treated with a new protocol: continuous @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 ( @entity3726 ). They were evaluated for long-term survival and pretreatment characteristics predictive of response and survival. Continuous @entity3726 protocol consists of initial 8 weeks of intensive chemotherapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 , followed by local/cranial radiotherapy and maintenance therapy. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 84 of 108 (78%) @entity1 ; seven (6%) had a moderate response and 17 (16%) had a poor response. A statistically significant difference in CR rate was found only in @entity1 with different stages. Seventeen of 84 (20%) complete responders have had a relapse of the disease. The median survival has not been reached. Results show an actuarial disease-free survival (DFS) of 77% for the 84 @entity1 who had a complete response. The overall survival for all @entity1 was 53% at 5 years of follow-up. The difference in DFS at the end of 5 years between different stages, main histologic subgroups, and age groups was not statistically significant. The @entity137 observed was acceptable. Thus continuous @entity3726 appears to be an effective protocol for the treatment of intermediate-grade and @entity1893 .

title: Continuous XXXX , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 . A new, innovative protocol for diffuse aggressive lymphomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'high-grade lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to 1) develop an efficient treatment protocol for postoperative automatic junctional @entity591 (JT) using conventional drugs and techniques, and 2) identify clinical features associated with this disorder by analyzing a large study group. BACKGROUND: Postoperative JT is a transient @entity943 that may be fatal after operation for congenital @entity299 . Its precise cause is unknown. A variety of palliative treatments have evolved, but because of a low incidence of JT, large studies of the most efficient therapeutic sequence are lacking. METHODS: A protocol for rapid JT (>170 beats/min) was adopted in 1986, and was tested in 71 @entity1 between 1986 and 1994. Staged therapy involved 1) a reduction of @entity2661 ; 2) correction of fever; 3) atrial pacing to restore synchrony; 4) digoxin; 5) @entity3174 or @entity1169 or @entity1855 ; 6) @entity1818 or @entity2332 ; and 7) combined @entity1818 and @entity2332 . Effective therapy was defined as a sustained reduction of JT rate <170 beats/min within 2 h. Clinical profiles of the study group were contrasted with all @entity1 without JT from this same era to identify features associated with JT. RESULTS: Of the multiple treatment stages, only correction of fever and combined @entity1818 and @entity2332 appeared to be efficacious. By refining the protocol to eliminate nonproductive stages, the time to JT control was significantly shortened for the last 30 @entity1 . Treatment was ultimately successful in 70 of 71 @entity1 . Postoperative JT was strongly associated with young age, transient @entity713 and operations involving @entity1757 closure. CONCLUSIONS: A staged approach to therapy, with emphasis on combined @entity2332 and @entity1818 in difficult cases, appears to be an effective management strategy for postoperative JT. These results may also serve as comparison data for evaluation of newer and promising JT options, such as intravenous @entity2643 . @entity130 to conduction tissue may play a central role in the etiology of this disorder.

title: Evaluation of a staged treatment protocol for rapid automatic junctional @entity591 after operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: While treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity1 and adolescents is especially difficult, recent technological advances have provided new therapeutic options to clinicians and @entity1 . The urgency to achieve strict @entity6 control and the introduction of new and improved insulin pumps have been accompanied by a marked increase in use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy in youth with @entity6 . Results of clinical outcome studies indicate that CSII provides a safe and effective alternative to @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) therapy, even when employed in a regular clinic setting in a large number of @entity1 . The safety and efficacy of CSII is further enhanced by the introduction of lispro and aspart insulin. The sharper peaks and shorter duration of action of these very rapid-acting insulin analogues provides a means to achieve better control of post-prandial hyperglycaemia with less late post-prandial and nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Glargine insulin, a soluble and essentially peakless long-acting insulin analogue, may provide a better basal insulin for @entity2794 regimens, but there are limited published data with this agent in @entity1 with @entity6 . A number of systems for pulmonary delivery of insulin are in development and preliminary results of Phase III studies have been promising. Like CSII, inhaled insulin allows the @entity1 to take bolus insulin doses before each meal without having to take a premeal injection. A major obstacle to effective treatment is that self-monitoring of three to four blood @entity413 levels a day often misses the marked glycaemic excursions that characterize @entity6 in young @entity1 . On the other hand, new continuous @entity413 sensing systems provide a wealth of data that can be used to optimize basal and bolus therapy, regardless of how insulin is administered. Even more important, we may finally be at the threshold of development of a practically applicable artificial pancreas.

title: Recent advances in treatment of youth with Type 1 XXXX : better care through technology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'multiple daily injection']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T1DM', 'diabetes', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) associated with long-term misuse of @entity10 medication is a common clinical problem which is refractory to most treatments. The present study is a retrospective analysis of the effect of drug withdrawal therapy in @entity1 with @entity2794 and frequent long-term use of @entity10 symptomatic medication. One hundred and one adult @entity1 (74 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 , aged between 16 and 72 years, mean age 43 years) were evaluated 1-3 months after drug withdrawal therapy had been initiated. The mean @entity10 frequency at baseline was 26.9+/-4.0 days per month. Fifty-seven (56%) @entity1 were significantly improved (defined as at least 50% reduction in number of @entity10 days) after a period of drug withdrawal therapy. Based on the outcome of the drug withdrawal therapy, the @entity1 were divided into three categories: group I, those who had between 0 and 10 @entity10 days per month (n = 41), group II, those who had 11-20 days (n = 37), and group III, those who had 21-30 days (n = 23). The mean @entity10 frequencies in groups I, II and III were 5.6+/-2.8 days, 15.7+/-2.5 days and 28.7+/-2.4 days, respectively. Treatment with @entity3659 was offered to @entity1 in whom no improvement had been achieved. Ten of those 22 @entity1 (36%) experienced a significant (> or = 50%) reduction of @entity10 days. It is concluded that out- @entity1 drug withdrawal therapy is the treatment of choice in @entity1 with @entity2794 and frequent long-term use of @entity10 symptomatic medication, and that about one quarter of these @entity2794 @entity1 do not respond to drug withdrawal therapy only.

title: Withdrawal therapy improves chronic XXXX associated with long-term misuse of @entity10 medication: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['CDH', 'Chronic daily headache']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['daily headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in @entity158 experienced, changes in functional ability and degree of @entity1 satisfaction with chiropractic care. @entity1 characteristics influencing these parameters were also explored. DESIGN: A follow-up study consisting of a questionnaire to be completed at the beginning of treatment and a mailed questionnaire 6 wk later. SETTING: Non-random sample of 13 chiropractic practices in Calgary and @entity2498 , Alberta, Canada. @entity1 : Three hundred sixty-nine @entity1 presenting with @entity615 who saw a chiropractor for the first time or who had not seen a chiropractor for a period for 6 months before the first visit. RESULTS: @entity158 relief and changes in functional ability were greatest among @entity1 whose initial @entity158 level was moderate or severe. No significant improvement was found among those whose initial level of @entity158 was mild. @entity158 relief and improved functional ability was greatest among those with an acute condition and those who saw no one other than the chiropractor during treatment. In addition, @entity158 relief was highest among @entity1 , those who perceived themselves to be in good or excellent health and those who had completed treatment in 6 wk. @entity1 positively endorsed all items on the satisfaction questionnaire, indicating a high level of satisfaction with the care they received. @entity1 were most satisfied with access to chiropractic care and least satisfied with financial aspects. Improvement in @entity615 were significantly related to general satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it seems that @entity1 suffering from back and/or neck complaints experience chiropractic care as an effective means of resolving or ameliorating @entity2531 , thus reinforcing previous results showing the benefits of chiropractic treatment for back and neck @entity158 .

title: The Chiropractic Outcome Study: XXXX , functional ability and satisfaction with care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['pain and in back and neck disability', 'neck and/or back pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain and functional impairments']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pain or disability']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The direct connections between a reduction in @entity79 and an increase in the incidence of @entity174 with increasing age is well known. When interpreting @entity79 measurements the attending physician is confronted with an overlap of false-positive and false-negative parameters, as is also the case with biochemical data. Aim of this study was to determine, in addition to @entity79 , a @entity174 threshold, i.e. a value for @entity79 with maximal sensitivity and specificity, in a representative cohort of @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 534 healthy @entity1 (mean age 60.9 +/- 8.07, range 40-83 years), seen in an out- @entity1 osteological clinic between 1993 and 1996 were included. After full biochemical investigation to exclude a @entity2331 , @entity79 ( @entity21244 ) of the lumbar vertebrae 1-5 and the number of @entity174 were documented, together with age and menopausal status. @entity21244 was measured by quantitative computed tomography (qCT), results being analysed with the Wilcoxon 2-sample test and logistic regression and assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 with a qCT value over 111 mg/cc had evidence of @entity174 . Those with values under 60 mg/cc had at least one @entity174 (defined as at least 15% reduction in vertebral body height). There was a highly significant negative correlation between age and @entity21244 (r = -0.56; P < 0.0001), as well as between @entity21244 and the number of fractured vertebrae (r = -0.58, P < 0.0001). But there was no longer any correlation between age and number of @entity174 once allowance was made for @entity21244 (r = 0.001, not significant). The least overlap of false-positive and false-negative values was at an @entity21244 with qCT values of 102 mg/cc. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21244 is the determining variable for @entity174 risk independent of age. Despite an overlap of false-positive and false-negative @entity21244 values, the probability of @entity174 can be predicted from bone mineral content.

title: [Lumbar @entity79 . Risk factor for @entity174 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral body fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone density']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic bone disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether the ketogenic diet is safe, well-tolerated, and efficacious in the treatment of @entity739 . METHODS: During a 4-year period, 23 @entity1 with @entity739 , aged 5 months to 2 years, were started on the ketogenic diet; 9 (39%) had symptomatic @entity739 , and 16 (70%) had @entity739 . @entity1 had an average prediet exposure to 3.3 anticonvulsants. Two @entity1 were enrolled before any medication had been tried. @entity410 reduction was analyzed retrospectively, using parent reports and electroencephalograms (EEGs) when available. RESULTS: At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, 38%, 39%, 53%, and 46%, respectively, of all @entity1 currently on the diet were >90% improved (3 were @entity410 -free at 12 months); 67%, 72%, 93%, and 100% were >50% improved. Fifty-six percent remained on the diet at 12 months, 46% of whom were >90% improved and 100% were >50%. Fifty percent of those with @entity739 and follow-up EEGs had EEG improvement. Fifty-seven percent had their medications reduced or discontinued by 12 months. Fifty-seven percent had improvement in development, which was correlated with @entity410 control. Independent factors that predicted improvement included age younger than 1 year and previous exposure to 3 or fewer anticonvulsants. No @entity1 has died, and 7 @entity1 had diet-related adverse reactions ( @entity1790 , @entity354 ). DISCUSSION: The ketogenic diet is a safe, well-tolerated, and possibly effective potential alternative to other therapies for @entity739 .

title: Efficacy of the ketogenic diet for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia', 'infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['infantile spasms']


abstract: @entity1597 kinase from @entity8118 (TMPKMtub ) is an established drug target against tuberculosis. The enzyme TMPKMtub is responsible for the survival of bacterium MTB and required to synthesize an essential building block of the bacterial DNA which is @entity16789 ( @entity16789 ). There are several potent inhibitors available against the target enzyme but the majority are substrate analogues. Recently, three dimensional structures of the enzyme TMPKMtub inhibitor complexes were resolved using X- @entity16039 crystallography. These available crystal structures were the basis of initiating a structure based lead identification campaign against TMPKMtub . The available information was utilized to perform structure-based virtual screening against TMPKMtub with the hope to diversify the structures of the current inhibitors. In order to setup the protocol, 10   000 out of 45   000 drug-like molecules were randomly selected from National Cancer Institute's (NCI) database. Additionally 105 known inhibitors along with 11 natural substrates were mixed with the 10   000 selected compounds. For the current study, a rigid based docking algorithm, i.e., FRED has been utilized to set up an efficient docking and scoring protocol. The methods including enrichment curves, consensus scoring and ROC curves are providing useful insights into the setting up of a suitable structure-based docking protocol against TMPKMtub . As a result, an optimum docking and scoring function has been identified for future large scale virtual screening. In the present work, we have demonstrated a rational choice of protocol for structure based virtual screening of chemical libraries and help to understand the influence of receptor flexibility by using multiple geometries.

title: Optimization of Structure Based Virtual Screening Protocols Against XXXX Kinase Inhibitors as Antitubercular Agents.

entities_list: @entity1597 :: ('MESH:D013938', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity16789 :: ('MESH:C024157', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine triphosphate', 'TTP']

entities_list: @entity8118 :: ('1773', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1597 :: (MESH:D013938,Chemical) :: ['Thymidine Monophosphate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of radiation therapy on age-related @entity1020 with subfoveal or juxtafoveal @entity1940 < or =1 disc area. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (14 eyes) received a total radiation dose of 10-20 Gy in 5-10 fractions. The mean follow-up time was 22 months. Ten @entity1 (10 eyes) in a control group were followed up for an average of 16 months without treatment. RESULTS: At a 12-month posttreatment examination, funduscopic and angiographic findings showed improvement in 7 eyes (50%), no change in 1 eye (7%), and deterioration in 6 eyes (43%) among the treated @entity1 . The same findings demonstrated improvement in 1 eye (10%), no change in 2 eyes (20%), and deterioration in 7 eyes (70%) among the control @entity1 . This difference was determined to be statistically significant between the two groups by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Visual acuity had improved in 4 eyes (29%), was unchanged in 6 eyes (43%), and had declined in 4 eyes (29%), among the treated @entity1 . Among the control @entity1 , visual acuity had improved in none of the eyes (0%), was unchanged in 6 eyes (60%), and had declined in 4 eyes (40%). The difference in visual acuity between the two groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy inhibited small @entity1940 , as seen by funduscopy and angiography, but its effectiveness in improving visual prognosis was not always evident.

title: Radiation therapy for small XXXX in age-related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13757 , a lipopeptide antibiotic, could be an alternative to @entity2176 for treatment of @entity2506 . We determined the activity of @entity13757 versus @entity2176 , with @entity619 as an adjuvant, in a @entity19 model of @entity2506 . METHODS: Ninety-six 25-30 gram @entity19 were inoculated intracisternally with serotype 3 @entity328 modified by the integration of a luminescent lux operon. All @entity19 were treated with either @entity619 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally every 6 hours alone or in combination with either @entity2176 or @entity13757 , also administered intraperitoneally. Serum antimicrobial concentrations were selected to approximate those achieved in @entity1 . Following treatment, bioluminescence and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bacterial concentrations were determined. @entity185 staining was used to assess apoptosis on brain histopathology. RESULTS: Sixteen hours post intracisternal inoculation, bacterial titers in CSF were 6.8 log10 cfu/ml. Amongst the animals given no antibiotic, @entity2176 50 mg/kg at 16 and 20 hours or @entity13757 25 mg/kg at 16 hours, CSF titers were 7.6, 3.4, and 3.9 log10 cfu/ml, respectively, at 24 hours post infection (p-value, < 0.001 for both @entity2176 or @entity13757 versus no antibiotic); there was no significant difference in bactericidal activity between the @entity2176 and @entity13757 groups (p-value, 0.18). CSF bioluminescence correlated with bacterial titer (Pearson regression coefficient, 0.75). The amount of apoptosis of brain parenchymal cells was equivalent among treatment groups. CONCLUSION: @entity13757 or @entity2176 , when given in combination with @entity619 , is active in the treatment of @entity2506 .

title: @entity13757 in experimental XXXX @entity2506 .

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['experimental pneumococcal meningitis', 'pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['Daptomycin', 'daptomycin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Whole-blood chemiluminescence and levels of leukocyte proteases and plasma protease inhibitors were studied in 43 @entity1 with acute, generalized @entity298 . An almost three-fold increase in whole-blood chemiluminescence was found in @entity298 , which may indicate activation or "priming" of the leukocytes by blood-borne factors. High levels of @entity11891 and neutrophil proteinase 4(3) were found in plasma and peritoneal exudate. @entity1 with @entity295 had higher plasma levels of both proteases than other @entity1 . Large variations in the plasma levels among @entity1 decreased their sensitivity as markers of infectious complications during the postoperative period. The plasma levels of the protease inhibitors followed three different patterns of reaction. The acute phase proteins alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and C1-inactivator, increased during the first week of disease, to normalise later in its course. @entity5843 , antithrombin III and alpha 2-antiplasmin were all decreased from onset and normalised later in the course, while secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor showed a slow decrease throughout the course of disease. In @entity298 exudate, the levels of the main protease inhibitors, alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor and @entity5843 , were decreased, probably due to complexation and subsequent elimination, as a part of the defense against liberated leukocyte proteases. The immunoreactive and especially functional levels of the protease inhibitors alpha 2-Antiplasmin, Antithrombin III and C1-Inactivator were also decreased in the exudate, indicating an increased turn-over of these proteins through activation of the cascade systems and/or break-down by leukocyte proteases. In contrast to the other inhibitors, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor showed higher levels in exudate than in plasma, and unexpectedly high exudate/plasma-quotients were seen in cases with @entity694 . Degradation of @entity4417 ( @entity4417 ) and decreased "opsonic capacity" were found in exudate. The "opsonic capacity" could be correlated to the levels of leukocyte proteases in the exudate, which indicates that degradation of @entity4417 may have been at least partly due to the action of leukocyte proteases. Further depletion of complement factors in exudates of @entity298 or @entity733 may create a vicious circle of deficient opsonisation and clearance of bacteria, as earlier reported for chronic pleural exudates.

title: Protease-antiprotease levels and whole-blood chemiluminescence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin', 'alpha 2-Macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity11891 :: ('1991', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte elastase']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforations']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['long-standing peritonitis', 'acute peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['acute peritonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the strategy to improve the long term survival of liver metastasis of @entity14 after surgical treatment. METHODS: The clinical data of 75 @entity1 with liver metastasis of @entity14 , 43 males and 32 females, aged 51.4, who received hepatectomy between January 1981 and November 2005, were analyzed. RESULTS: The primary @entity5 site was colon in 39 cases, and rectum in 36 cases. @entity409 was synchronous in 59 @entity1 , and metachronous in 16 @entity1 . 45 @entity1 received simultaneous liver and colorectal resection, 29 @entity1 received metachronous resection, and 1 @entity1 did not receive primary @entity5 resection. The operative complication rate and the mortality were 16% (12/75) and 1.33% (1/75) respectively. The overall 1- 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 86.7%, 35.5%, and 22.2% respectively, and the median survival time was 25 months. There were @entity41 in 35 @entity1 . The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the @entity41 group were 80.6%, 5.4%, and 5.4% respectively, all significantly lower than those of the radical resection group (91.6%, 58.1%, and 34.9% respectively, and the median survival time of the @entity41 group was 18 months, significantly shorter than that of the radical resection group (38 months) (all P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Surgical resection of liver metastasis of @entity14 significantly prolongs the survival time, and resection of all liver deposits and the @entity6687 is the most important factor influencing survival.

title: [Outcome of surgical therapy for liver metastasis of XXXX : analysis of 75 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic disease']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) is a @entity102 with increased frequency of @entity715 events, including transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) and @entity64 . @entity7025 is a rare @entity66 characterized by progressive occlusion of intracerebral arteries with a typical "puff of smoke" angiographic pattern. We report the development of @entity7025 in a @entity1 with @entity4407 . CASE DESCRIPTION: The @entity1 is an 18-year-old female who presented at age 13 with recurrent TIAs. Persistent @entity1148 was found, a diagnosis of @entity4407 was made, and treatment with @entity18829 was started. Despite normal platelet counts, she experienced recurrent TIAs and @entity64 . Severe @entity850 of the supraclinoid segment of the left internal carotid artery (LICA) and abnormal collateral vessels were found, and @entity7025 was diagnosed on the basis of the characteristic angiographic appearance. An intracranial stent was placed in the LICA, and since then, she has had an uneventful outcome after a 46-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, the development of @entity7025 phenomenon has not been reported in @entity4407 , and the relationship between these 2 disorders remains unclear. Besides, this is the first intracranial carotid stent implanted successfully in a @entity1 with @entity7025 .

title: XXXX in an adolescent with essential @entity1148 : successful intracranial carotid stent placement.

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya', 'moyamoya syndrome', 'Moyamoya syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['Essential thrombocythemia', 'ET']

entities_list: @entity18829 :: ('MESH:C021139', 'Chemical') :: ['anagrelide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['Moyamoya syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza is a major health problem in most Western countries. In September 1993, the Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG) issued guidelines for @entity683 vaccination. Although most general practitioners (GPs) are well acquainted with NHG standards, knowledge does not invariably lead to application. AIM: To evaluate a regional intervention promoting the implementation of NHG's @entity683 vaccination guidelines. METHOD: In a non-equivalent control group design (pre-test 1992, post-test 1993), two general practice regions were studied. In the intervention region, Amersfoort, there were 82 practices (118 GPs, 250,000 @entity1 ) and in the control region, Arnhem, 97 practices (124 GPs, 300,000 @entity1 ). In the intervention region, all professionals involved in @entity683 vaccination were approached at educational meetings and by mail. Postcard material and vaccines were distributed. The main outcome measures were five organizational aspects measured by a questionnaire (registration of high-risk @entity1 , mail prompt, vaccine in stock, special vaccination hours and vaccination by practice assistant), and the vaccination rate (number of vaccines delivered divided by the total number of regional health insurance @entity1 ). RESULTS: All practices in the intervention region were involved; 78% responded to the pre-test and post-test questionnaires compared with 76% in the control region. Three of the five organizational aspects improved more in the intervention region: mail prompt by 25% (95% CI 11-38%), vaccine in stock by 29% (95% CI 16-44%), and special vaccination hours by 16% (95% CI 2-27%). Multivariate analyses failed to reveal any modifying factors. The vaccination rate increased by 21% (from 7.7% to 9.3%) in the intervention region, and by 6% (from 8.5% to 9.0%) in the control region. The mean increase in the intervention region exceeded that in the control region by 1.1 per 100 @entity1 (95% CI 0.6-1.6). Multiple regression analysis revealed that this was an independent effect. CONCLUSIONS: This complex intervention was considered to be effective. The same strategy might be appropriate for other regions and other guidelines.

title: Implementing the Dutch College of General Practitioner's guidelines for XXXX vaccination: an intervention study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the natural history of @entity3799 during pregnancy and determine the rates for progression or regression post-partum by the severity of the lesion. METHOD: This was a retrospective study of 100 @entity1 screened by PAP smear. Lesions were graded by colposcopy and biopsy, and followed post-partum. RESULTS: Lesions were graded as ASCUS, LGSIL, and HGSIL. The majority of lesions showed a tendency to regress post-partum (approximately 64%), a trend that was statistically significant (P < .003). A substantial minority (approximately 34%) showed no change in severity of the lesion. The tendency for lesions to progress in severity was very low (approximately 3%). No @entity1 had @entity66 . Of @entity1 who had CIS, persistence of this lesion post-partum was present in 67%. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity3799 in pregnancy may be followed conservatively with colposcopy and biopsy.

title: XXXX in pregnancy: progression versus regression post-partum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microinvasive disease']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['Cervical dysplasia']


abstract: Since 1973 we have treated @entity0 with various forms of multidisciplinary approaches through prospective trials. The present report analyses the 10-year results of 277 @entity1 . Primary chemotherapy consisted of @entity632 plus @entity1891 given for three or four cycles prior to high-energy irradiation or surgery. In 205 of 277 (74%) additional chemotherapy was planned following the local-regional modality. Primary chemotherapy yielded complete plus partial remission in 62% (CR 7%). Long-term freedom from progression and overall survival were significantly improved by the addition of chemotherapy following local-regional treatment (radiotherapy or surgery). Further chemotherapy was able to significantly affect treatment outcome when it was analyzed both singly and in the presence of other prognostic variables. Thus, in our experience, the variables significantly affecting the 10-year results were represented by duration of treatment and @entity5 cell burden expressed by size of primary @entity5 and clinical nodal status. Locally advanced @entity0 appears a @entity66 difficult to control over a long period of time because of its frequent presentation with bulky @entity5 and the very high risk of disseminated micrometastases. Thus, the management of this stage of disease almost invariably requires a multidisciplinary approach.

title: Prognostic factors in locally advanced noninflammatory XXXX . Long-term results following primary chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'T3b-T4 (stage III) breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The incidence of nephrotoxicity due to @entity581 should be sharply reduced. The indications for prescribing these antibiotics should be limited to @entity166 induced by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria and by some Gram-positive bacteria requiring treatment in specialized hospital units using an association of @entity581 and another antibiotic. Daily doses should not exceed those indicated by the manufacturer, and the length of treatment should be as short as possible, with a relay to other antibiotics that are not or are less nephrotoxic. The possibilities for reducing the incidence of nephrotoxicity are few. It is not possible to prevent the antibiotic from entering the renal tubular cell or from producing deleterious effects therein. However, by using short-term intravenous infusion as the administration route, prolonged contact between the antibiotic and its receptors on the brush borders of the proximal tubular cells can be avoided, particularly since the process of cellular absorption is saturable. Essentially, doses should be adapted according to the age and the glomerular filtration of the @entity1 , since renal function usually decreases with age. Volemic and hydroelectrolytic disorders favour nephrotoxicity and should be corrected. Associations with other nephrotoxic drugs should either be avoided or used with increased caution. The same is true in special situations such as endotoxaemia, severe @entity8 and @entity1448 . In any case, given the well-known insidious onset of @entity8 , @entity4028 treatment always requires laboratory follow-up consisting of repeated testing of creatinemia during the two weeks of treatment.

title: [Is it possible to reduce the incidence of XXXX -induced nephrotoxicity?].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal parenchymatous infections']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disorders']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: To establish a cell culture system that reflects the dentin formation in dental pulp tissue, we used dental pulp cells enzymatically isolated from @entity35 incisor teeth. During the 20-day culture period, the cells exhibited various phenotypes of the odontoblast differentiation process, from the immature stage to the terminal mineralization stage. The cells began to form the mineralized nodules from day 10, and the nodules became larger by day 20. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells surrounded the mineralized nodules. The ALP activity in the cell layers was maximal on day 5, and gradually decreased to day 20. The @entity460 content in the cell layers was very low by day 10, and significantly increased from day 15. Sulfated glycosamino-glycans (GAGs) contained in the cell layers increased by day 15, but the content then decreased by day 20. The dental pulp cells produced a small amount of @entity9356 that was released into the culture medium by day 10, and the amount secreted increased markedly from day 15. The expression of @entity9356 and parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) receptor mRNA was evident as early as day 5, and the expression of each gradually increased with the number of days in culture. Dentin matrix protein ( @entity15582 ) mRNA gene transcripts were identified by use of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the cells throughout the culture period. The present results demonstrate that this culture system is useful for studying the differentiation process of the odontoblast-like cells.

title: Establishment and characterization of a culture system for enzymatically released XXXX dental pulp cells.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effects of oral contraceptive use on chlamydial infections and ensuing PID are not well understood. In this study, the effects of oral contraceptives on the clinical course of acute @entity9414 were investigated. STUDY DESIGN: Monkeys (n = 4) in which salpingeal auto-transplants had been established were given oral contraceptive pills consisting of a combination of @entity172 and @entity1420 (Norlestrin 1/50, Parke-Davis, Ann Arbor, MI). After one complete cycle of hormone treatment, monkeys were inoculated with @entity11739 serovar E in the subcutaneous salpingeal pockets while under continuous hormone treatment. Inoculated pockets were biopsied serially for isolation of organisms and histopathological evaluation. Two monkeys not given oral contraceptives were studied in parallel. RESULTS: The duration of @entity281 as evidenced by recovery of organisms was not appreciably different between the treated and untreated monkeys. @entity1047 could be recovered from pocket tissues through day 10 @entity281 in control and treated animals, and on day 14 @entity281 in one of two control animals. Thereafter all isolation became negative. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted primarily of mononuclear cells (50-100 cells per 40 x field). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that administration of oral contraceptives did not affect the duration of shedding of organisms nor the histopathology of @entity697 of the reproductive tract.

title: Oral contraceptives do not alter the course of experimentally induced XXXX in monkeys.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute chlamydial infection']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'post-infection']

entities_list: @entity9414 :: ('MESH:D012488', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial salpingitis']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['C. trachomatis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia']

answer: @entity9414 :: (MESH:D012488,Disease) :: ['chlamydial salpingitis']


abstract: The antihypertensive efficacy of @entity39430 , a selective @entity2161 antagonist, was evaluated in 17 @entity1 with essential @entity101 , using continuous ambulatory intraarterial blood pressure (BP) monitoring. The study compared a twice-daily regimen (titrated dose of 200 to 600 mg/day) with the same amount given in a single daily dose. Within- @entity1 comparisons of mean hourly systolic and diastolic BPs and heart rate showed a highly significant effect with twice-daily therapy (p less than 0.001) for all of the 24 hours. Similar significant results were obtained with a single morning dose. There was no difference between the pattern or extent of BP reduction with the 2 regimens. The decrease in BP after @entity39430 persisted during the physiologic tests (rest, tilt, isometric and dynamic exercise). Four @entity1 developed minor side effects with the single morning dose, and only 1 @entity1 with the twice-daily regimen. These effects included @entity1295 . Unlike pure beta-blocking agents, @entity39430 controlled the early morning increase in BP, lending support to the belief that it possesses vasodilatory properties in addition to beta blockade. These results suggest that @entity39430 may be useful as first-line therapy in a once-daily dosage for the treatment of essential @entity101 .

title: Once- and twice-daily @entity39430 for systemic XXXX using 24-hour ambulatory intraarterial blood pressure recording.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['tiredness, fatigue and dizziness']

entities_list: @entity2161 :: ('153', 'Gene') :: ['beta 1-adrenoreceptor']

entities_list: @entity39430 :: ('MESH:C021148', 'Chemical') :: ['bevantolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity1388 has been suggested to prevent erosion of the teeth, either after a topical treatment of the teeth or by addition of @entity1388 to the acidic drink. The main aim of the present study was to describe the dissolution of @entity32878 in some soft drinks and orange juice and compare it with the amounts of @entity32878 left on the enamel surfaces after a topical treatment. A further aim was to describe the dissolution of enamel in soft drinks and juice saturated for 3 days with solid @entity32878 . Solid @entity32878 was suspended in each of 10 soft drinks and orange juices and gently agitated for 72 h, after which the drinks were analyzed for @entity460 , @entity1391 and @entity1388 and pH was determined. To examine the erosion-preventive effect of the @entity32878 -rich drink, intact teeth were exposed to the drinks with or without @entity32878 . It was found that from 6 to 45 mg of @entity32878 was dissolved per liter of drink. The more acidic the drink, the more @entity32878 was dissolved, presumably due to HF formation. The teeth exposed to the soft drinks all showed @entity75 . Very little effect of the 4-6 ppm ionic @entity1388 dissolved in the soft drinks was observed. In orange juice, however, the dissolved @entity32878 established a saturation with respect to @entity43350 and consequently, the @entity75 was replaced by a @entity75 . In conclusion, the acidic soft drinks are capable of dissolving considerable amounts of @entity32878 and the erosion-preventive effect of even high @entity1388 concentrations is limited.

title: Prevention by means of XXXX of enamel erosion as caused by soft drinks and orange juice.

entities_list: @entity43350 :: ('MESH:C025105', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorapatite']

entities_list: @entity32878 :: ('MESH:D002124', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['erosion-like lesion', 'erosion-like lesions', 'caries-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity10220 are @entity395 . To date, a large clinicopathologic study of these @entity5 treated with modern neurosurgical techniques has not been reported. METHODS: Eighty-three cases of @entity10220 were retrieved from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Clinicopathological features were reviewed; chromogenic in situ hybridization analysis for chromosome 22 was performed (n = 8), and @entity1 follow-up was obtained (n = 34). Overall, the @entity1 included 68 males and 15 females, 1.5 to 85 years of age (mean, 51.0 years). Twenty-seven cases were discovered at autopsy and the remaining were surgical specimens (n = 56). @entity5 arose in the posterior fossa (n = 43), lateral ventricles (n = 37), spinal cord (2) and only one arose in the temporal horn. @entity5 ranged in size from 2.0 mm to 60 mm in greatest dimension (mean, 23.0 mm). Eighteen-percent (15/83) of @entity10220 exhibited a mixed histologic pattern; that is, @entity10220 together with another @entity5 . The most common mixture (13/15) was @entity10220 and @entity424 . Surgical excision was used in all symptomatic @entity1 ; 10 @entity1 received radiation. Four @entity1 developed a recurrence due to incomplete excision. All @entity1 were without evidence of disease at the last follow-up: alive (n = 28) or dead (n = 8). CONCLUSIONS: Age is the only variable found to be significantly associated with survival. Currently, surgical methods result in an excellent long-term clinical outcome. @entity10220 do not appear to be associated with @entity13755 mutations.

title: XXXX revisited: clinicopathological evaluation of 83 cases.

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'glial tumor', 'benign neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare ependymal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity10220 :: ('MESH:D018315', 'Disease') :: ['subependymomas', 'Subependymomas', 'subependymoma']

answer: @entity10220 :: (MESH:D018315,Disease) :: ['Subependymoma']


abstract: Adrenal medullary transplants in the spinal subarachnoid space, by providing a continual source of opioid peptides and @entity2661 , offer a potentially important adjunct in the management of @entity1118 . While previous studies have shown that this approach is effective against high-intensity phasic stimuli, adrenal medullary implants need to be evaluated against long-term and abnormal @entity158 syndromes before transplantation can be used for @entity1 @entity1118 . Using a recently developed model of @entity1897 , the effects of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells transplanted into the subarachnoid space was evaluated. @entity1897 was induced by loosely tying 4 ligatures (4-0 chromic gut) around the right sciatic nerve. This procedure produces various @entity158 symptoms including @entity1931 , @entity1931 and @entity809 . @entity35 were given either adrenal medullary tissue or control striated muscle transplants. Animals with adrenal medullary tissue transplants showed markedly decreased @entity1931 to innocuous cold as early as 1 week post-transplantation. In addition, @entity1931 to a noxious thermal stimulus was eliminated by adrenal medullary, but not control, transplants. Touch-evoked @entity1931 was only slightly reduced by adrenal medullary transplants. In addition, indicators of spontaneous @entity158 appeared reduced in animals with adrenal medullary transplants. These findings indicate that adrenal medullary transplants may be effective in reducing @entity9 .

title: Reduced @entity158 -related behavior by adrenal medullary transplants in @entity35 with experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['painful peripheral neuropathy', 'Peripheral mononeuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['painful peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unstable coronary syndromes, such as @entity583 and @entity1459 are mostly due to @entity397 of an @entity731 . Recently mast cells were found to participate actively in the inflammatory process of @entity731 by excreting proteolytic and pro-inflammatory substances with the ability to cause plaque instability and @entity397 . Mast cell activity can be determined by measuring serum levels of tryptase, as has been demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity2021 and mastcytosis. HYPOTHESIS: Acute coronary events ( @entity583 and @entity1459 ) are associated with increased mast cell activity, reflected by elevated serum tryptase levels. METHODS: Serum levels of tryptase were determined in the following three groups of @entity1 : 13 @entity1 with @entity583 , 10 @entity1 with @entity1459 , and 14 @entity1 without @entity65 who were used as controls. @entity1 with known IgE mediated @entity56 and/or anti-histaminical drugs were excluded. RESULTS: The groups were comparable for sex, blood pressure, smoking and @entity165 levels. The controls tended to be younger (P=0.05). Levels of tryptase did not differ between @entity1 with @entity583 (7.9+/-4.6 microg/l), @entity1459 (6.0+/-2.1 microg/l) or controls (6.9+/-4.1 microg/l), nor could a relation with levels of C-reactive protein be demonstrated. CONCLUSION: Serum levels of tryptase are not elevated in @entity1 with @entity1187 . This implies that increased mast cell activity, if any, in unstable coronary syndromes is not reflected systemically. Other, more specific methods will be needed to determine the activity of the mast cell in vivo.

title: No long-lasting or intermittent mast cell activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of asymptomatic @entity1150 that develops after joint arthroplasty and the value of screening tests to detect thrombi are uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To determine 1) the rate of symptomatic @entity1150 or @entity1151 occurring after hospitalization for joint arthroplasty and 2) the value of screening compression ultrasonography. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : 1024 @entity1 undergoing elective total hip or knee arthroplasty who received @entity1229 prophylaxis. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to undergo either bilateral compression ultrasonography or a sham procedure before hospital discharge. @entity1 with a diagnosis of asymptomatic @entity1150 were treated after discharge with standard anticoagulant therapy; other @entity1 had @entity1229 therapy discontinued at discharge. All @entity1 were followed for 90 days. RESULTS: In the screening group, asymptomatic proximal @entity1150 was detected in 13 of 518 @entity1 (2.5%). Another 4 @entity1 subsequently developed symptomatic proximal @entity1150 , and 1 @entity1 treated for asymptomatic @entity1150 developed @entity548 , for a total outcome event rate of 1.0% (5 of 518 @entity1 ). In the placebo group, 3 @entity1 developed symptomatic proximal @entity1150 and 2 had nonfatal @entity1151 , for a total event rate of 1.0% (5 of 506 @entity1 ) (difference, 0 percentage points [95% CI, -1.2 to 1.2 percentage points]). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty, the use of @entity1229 prophylaxis during hospitalization results in a very low rate of symptomatic @entity1150 or @entity1151 after hospital discharge. The use of screening compression ultrasonography at hospital discharge does not seem to be justified in this setting.

title: Ultrasonographic screening before hospital discharge for XXXX after arthroplasty: the post-arthroplasty screening study. A randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Within the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 population there is a subset of @entity1 who make frequent visits. This chart review sought to characterize this population and identify strategies to reduce frequent @entity341 visits. METHODS: Frequent use at an urban tertiary care centre was defined as 15 or more visits over 1 year. The details of each visit-demographics, entrance complaint, discharge diagnosis, arrival method, Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) score, and length of stay-were analyzed and compared to data from the entire @entity341 population for the same period. RESULTS: Ninety-two @entity1 generated 2,390 @entity341 visits (of 25,523 @entity1 and 44,204 visits). This population was predominantly male (66%) and middle-aged (median 42 years), with no fixed address (27.2%). @entity1 arrived by ambulance in 59.3% of visits with less acute CTAS scores than the general population. Substance use accounted for 26.9% of entrance complaints. Increased lengths of stay were associated with female gender and abnormal vital signs, whereas shorter stays were associated with no fixed address and substance use (. < 0.05). Admissions were lower than the general population, and @entity1 were twice as likely as @entity1 to be admitted (. < 0.05). @entity1 left without being seen in 15.8% of visits. CONCLUSIONS: High-frequency @entity341 users are more likely to be male, younger, and marginally housed and to present secondary to substance use. Although admissions among this population are low, the costs associated with these presentations are high. Interventions designed to decrease visits and improve the health of this population appear warranted.

title: Frequent users of an inner-city XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: We report the necropsy findings for three @entity1 with the unusual combination of proximal @entity8 and severe @entity409 with excessive @entity68 in several organs resembling @entity9595 . Two of the @entity1 were caucasian siblings and one was an Australian aborigine. One died in utero at 35 weeks of gestation and two died at 7 days. The liveborn @entity1 presented with @entity1696 and @entity1578 . The livers all showed marked loss of hepatocytes and replacement by pseudotubules in the collapsed lobules. The liveborn @entity1 also showed @entity7468 , small regenerative nodules, @entity1448 , and normal bile ducts. Absence of proximal renal convolutions was confirmed by epithelial membrane antigen positivity in nearly all tubules. In each family there was another sibling with @entity409 , fatal in one case, but no @entity8 . No @entity209 was uncovered in any of our @entity1 , and the cause of the hepatocyte destruction was not determined. The combination in three @entity1 of two rare @entity66 could be genetic or acquired in utero from the same etiological agent. Alternatively, the absence of proximal convolutions could be secondary to hypoperfusion, perhaps because of shock due to extensive @entity39 of hepatocytes.

title: @entity8 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell transformation of hepatocytes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['congenital liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['infection or metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['severe neonatal hemosiderotic liver disease']


abstract: Accumulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein xk(G-FAP) in reactive astrocytes is a characteristic neuropathologic feature of @entity2806 . We examined injury-induced changes in @entity40 mRNA and protein in a well-characterized model of focal @entity63 in perinatal rodent brain. Postnatal Day (PND) 7 @entity35 underwent right carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h exposure to 8% @entity26 , which results in @entity21 , hippocampus, and striatum in the majority of animals. Using Northern analysis, we assayed @entity40 mRNA in samples from the lesioned and contralateral hemispheres of animals killed 1 h to 14 days later, and from animals treated with the neuroprotective @entity2227 antagonist @entity3390 . @entity40 immunoreactivity in tissue homogenates from the lesioned and contralateral hemispheres was also compared with an immunoblot assay. One and 4 h posthypoxia @entity40 mRNA expression was barely detectable. In the lesioned cortex, increased @entity40 mRNA was detected at 24 h postinjury; over the next 2 weeks @entity40 mRNA was consistently higher (at least 2-fold) in lesioned than in contralateral cortex. In contrast, in lesioned hippocampus and striatum, consistent increases in @entity40 mRNA were first detected on PND 12. Immunoassays of @entity40 demonstrated early (PND 8) and sustained (to PND 21) up to 10-fold increases in lesioned cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. In this perinatal @entity64 model regionally specific increases in @entity40 mRNA expression and @entity40 immunoreactivity are detected in the first 2 weeks after @entity63 ; intrinsic properties of glia and/or neurons in different brain regions may influence the timing and magnitude of stimulation of this response.

title: XXXX stimulates glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA and protein expression in neonatal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['injury to ipsilateral cortex']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: Based on latest analyses disclosing an inverse association between ring-like structures in @entity2118 ( @entity45264 ) spatial profile and age-related @entity1020 , we performed additional analyses of @entity45264 measurements obtained in @entity1 of our earlier @entity8665 nutrition effects measured by autoflourescence (LUNA) study to disclose if oral @entity8665 (L) and @entity7695 (Z) can attenuate, amplify, or generate a ring structure. METHODS: A total of 97 subjects attended the last follow-up visit 3 months after discontinuation of a 6-month trial of 12 mg L and 1 mg Z supplementation. Of the subjects, 11 eyes had a secondary peak (ring-like structure) and 8 had an implied pericentral plateau/shoulder on the slope of @entity45264 density profile (intermediate distribution). RESULTS: L and Z intake led to a general shift toward higher @entity45264 values in eyes without ring structure. The difference between mean optical density of retinal @entity45264 (Diff @entity45264 ) at last follow-up and baseline was +0.16 density units (D.U.) at 0   eccentricity. Increments at 0.25  , 0.5  , 1  , and 2   (all P < 0.0001) decayed exponentially with higher eccentricity. @entity45264 showed comparatively slight central changes in eyes with ring and intermediate distribution (diff_MPOD at 0   +0.03 and +0.09), and increased at minimum (+0.06, P = 0.01) and maximum (+0.07, P = 0.02) of the ring, and at inner (+0.07, P = 0.04) and outer (+0.09, P = 0.01) radius of the pericentral "shoulder." CONCLUSIONS: Ring structures were neither attenuated nor generated de novo following supplementation. Individuals with second peak/implied plateau in the slope of the profile appear to have the most effective retinal stabilization of L and Z located at a pericentral rather than the central location.

title: Profiles of @entity2118 optical density and their changes following supplemental @entity8665 and XXXX : new results from the LUNA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['macular pigment']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity7695 :: (MESH:C005881,Chemical) :: ['zeaxanthin']


abstract: AIM: To compare the analgesic efficacy and @entity137 of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drug, @entity6058 ( @entity3285 , Recordati @entity11028 , Milan) 10 mg p.o. (t.i.d.) with @entity3522 (Voltaren, Novartis Farma, Origglo, VA) 50 mg p.o. (t.i.d.) in @entity5 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1118 . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The study was a multicenter randomized double-blind cross-over trial. Each treatment lasted 7 days, after which the @entity1 crossed over to the other drug. @entity158 intensity was evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) after the first dose and by the 5-point verbal rating scale (VRS) by the @entity1 and by the physician following the 7-day treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 138 advanced @entity5 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Overall 251 single-dose administrations (117 cross-over observations) and 257 multiple treatments (127 cross-over experiments) were assessable. After a single administration of @entity6058 and @entity3522 , no significant difference could be observed in analgesic activity, as indicated by the area under the pain-intensity time curve (AUC0-8), in the maximum efficacy, or the duration of efficacy of the two drugs. The Westlake confidence intervals of the AUC0-8 ratio ( @entity6058 : @entity3522 ) (1.07; 90% CI, 0.94-1.19), of the maximum efficacy ratio (1.03; 90% CI, 0.92-1.14), and the duration of efficacy ratio (1.05; 90% CI, 0.97-1.11) showed the bioequivalence of the two drugs. @entity158 relief was reported for multiple 7-day treatments, with no significant differences between the two therapies: according to the physician's evaluation, in 93/128 (73%; 95% CI, 65-80%) @entity6058 treatments and 91/129 (71%; 95% CI, 63-78%) @entity3522 treatments; according to the @entity1 's evaluation, in 83/128 cases (65%; 95% CI, 57-73%) after @entity6058 and in 74/129 cases (57%; 95% CI, 49-66%) after @entity3522 . Adverse symptoms were acceptable with both drugs. Interestingly, a pronounced sequence effect was found: gastric disturbances after @entity6058 were observed mainly (10 out of 15 observed events) when the drug was given to @entity1 pretreated with @entity3522 .

title: A double-blind evaluation of the analgesic efficacy and XXXX of oral @entity6058 and @entity3522 in @entity5 . The TD/10 recordati Protocol Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Satisfactory pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ), @entity1426 in particular, are well known, potent inducers of @entity4 in the brain, while monounsaturated and saturated long chain @entity1718 do not possess this quality. This investigation has compared the ability of some free @entity1718 (FFAs), known to be released during @entity2806 , to induce brain mitochondrial swelling in vitro. The @entity5204 tested, especially @entity1426 (20:4), were more potent in causing swelling than saturated or monounsaturated ones, as measured by the decrease in light absorbance of the mitochondrial suspension. This finding is in line with the unique potency of 20:4 to induce @entity2657 . Incubation of brain mitochondria with 20:4 for 20 min caused a dose-dependent swelling. @entity855 - @entity8723 both prevented and reversed this swelling, while binding of the 20:4 by the addition of bovine serum albumin could only prevent but not reverse the swelling. The contraction of the swollen mitochondria appeared to be mediated by a mechanism dependent upon high-energy @entity6546 , potentiated by @entity8723 . The concentration of 20:4 required to induce swelling was about 20 times higher than the concentration required to induce inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory function (L Hillered and P H Chan: J Neurosci Res 19:94-100, 1988a). Moreover, reversal of the swelling occurred without recovery of respiratory function. These results suggest that swelling is a phenomenon of minor importance as an indicator of brain mitochondrial dysfunction, at least when induced by 20:4 in vitro.

title: Brain mitochondrial swelling induced by @entity1426 and other long chain free XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3431 is a rare @entity74 that is fatal in the neonatal period. Clinical and pathologic findings are distinctive and allow for a specific diagnosis in most cases. METHODS: We present a case of an affected @entity1 and a review of the previously reported cases in the literature. RESULTS: The @entity1 had thick shiny skin with reduced compliance and multiple spontaneous linear splits. Additional findings included an abnormal facies with a distinctive small, round and @entity2133 , low set ears, small nose, widely spaced sutures, flexion contractures of the extremities, and poorly expanded lungs. The @entity1 expired 65 h after birth. Histologic findings of the skin at autopsy included a relatively unremarkable epidermis, a flat @entity3161 (absent rete ridges), an overall thinned dermis with hypoplastic appendage structures, a dense fibrotic reticular dermis with collagen parallel to the epidermis, a sharp subcutaneous margin, and an abnormally thick layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Electron microscopic findings included dense dermal patches of collagen and fibroblasts with abundant endoplasmic reticulum and unusually small tonofilaments. Review of previously reported cases reveals strikingly consistent findings. CONCLUSIONS: This rare condition illustrates that abnormal cutaneous development may produce @entity2241 , leading to profound effects on intrauterine growth and development. The autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and morphologic changes of the skin and skeletal system in this disorder suggest that a structural protein or enzyme defect, perhaps of collagen metabolism, may underlie the pathogenesis.

title: XXXX : report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3431 :: ('MESH:C536920', 'Disease') :: ['Restrictive dermopathy']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['open mouth']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['dermal-epidermal junction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal hypokinesia']

answer: @entity3431 :: (MESH:C536920,Disease) :: ['Restrictive dermopathy']


abstract: Marine bivalves are aquatic invertebrate organisms which can be used as bioindicators in environmental monitoring. In vivo effects of @entity3143 ( @entity3143 ) and @entity5165 ( @entity28069 ) on phagocytic function of Mya arenaria hemocytes were evaluated in this study. Clams were exposed to single metal in water for up to 28 days at concentrations ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M. Phagocytic activity of hemocytes was determined by uptake of fluorescent microspheres and flow cytometry. All clams exposed to 10(-5) M @entity3143 died by day 7 of exposure. The viability of hemocytes was decreased only in clams exposed to 10(-6) M @entity3143 for 28 days. A significant decrease in phagocytic activity of hemocytes was observed in clams exposed to 10(-6) M of @entity3143 for 28 days. A similar pattern was observed with @entity28069 , but at an earlier time. Chemical analysis performed on the tissues of the animals clearly show a greater uptake of the organic form of @entity349 by clams. Furthermore, a clear correlation was established between body burden of @entity349 and effects on phagocytic activity of hemocytes. Overall, the results of this study show that both speciations of @entity349 inhibited phagocytic function of Mya arenaria hemocytes following in vivo exposures.

title: Effects of in vivo exposure of Mya arenaria to organic and inorganic XXXX on phagocytic activity of hemocytes.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury']

entities_list: @entity3143 :: ('MESH:D008627', 'Chemical') :: ['mercuric chloride', 'HgCl(2)']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: Focused Abdominal Sonogram for @entity130 (FAST) examination is being used increasingly for the torso evaluation of injured @entity1 . In a controlled setting using peritoneal dialysis @entity1 as models for injured @entity1 with free fluid we hypothesized that more experienced providers would perform FAST with greater accuracy. Twelve fellow or attending level trauma surgeons, two radiologists, and one ultrasound technician were studied for their ability to detect intraperitoneal fluid (0-1600 cm3) in nine peritoneal dialysis @entity1 with two different volumes of dialysate/ @entity1 . FAST experience with injured @entity1 was defined as minimal (<30 @entity1 examinations), moderate (30-100), or extensive (>100). All surgeons had participated in a didactic/practical course before the study. Test results were reported as "+" or "-" by the @entity1 ; "+" results were further quantified by volume. The sensitivity of those in the minimal-, moderate-, and extensive-experience to detect <1 L was 45, 87, and 100 per cent, respectively; the accuracy in detecting dialysate volume within 250 cm3 was 38, 63, and 90 per cent, respectively. In this controlled setting the accuracy of FAST particularly in diagnosing smaller volumes, as well as the ability to quantify volume, improves with experience. The learning curve for FAST starts to flatten out at 30 to 100 examinations. Training and credentialing policies should consider these findings to optimize @entity1 care.

title: Defining the learning curve for the Focused Abdominal Sonogram for XXXX (FAST) examination: implications for credentialing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work has suggested that acute depletion of the @entity750 ( @entity750 ) precursor @entity2340 (TRP) causes transient compensatory changes in the @entity750 system that might be exploited for their antidepressant effects. In this study, neuroendocrine and mood responses to intravenous (i.v.) infusion of TRP were examined in order to evaluate central @entity750 function in @entity308 @entity1 undergoing acute TRP depletion. METHODS: Thirty-eight drug-free @entity1 with DSM-III-R major @entity308 participated. Each @entity1 underwent two randomized, double-blind TRP depletion tests, one sham and one active. At the estimated time of maximum TRP depletion, each @entity1 received an i.v. infusion of TRP 100 mg/kg. Blood was obtained for serum @entity701 , prolactin, and @entity2124 . Mood was assessed using standardized rating scales. RESULTS: The @entity701 response to i.v. TRP was significantly greater during TRP depletion than during sham depletion. @entity308 showed a tendency to decrease after i.v. TRP following active, but not sham, TRP depletion. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with the present hypothesis and previous evidence that acute TRP depletion in drug-free @entity308 @entity1 induces compensatory upregulation of postsynaptic @entity750 receptors. These changes are insufficient to serve as a means of effecting clinical improvement, but suggest that the antidepressant properties of rapid, marked manipulations of @entity750 function warrant further study.

title: The neurobiology of @entity2340 depletion in @entity308 : effects of intravenous XXXX infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: @entity791 ( @entity791 ) has been rarely reported as occurring primarily in Asia. We report here on first three cases of @entity791 diagnosed at Chulalongkorn Hospital Medical School. One case was an American who had been in Thailand for two years; the other two were Thai. The American and one of the Thai @entity1 were male homosexuals but they had no connection with one another. The latter Thai male homosexual had sexual contact with a German @entity1 who showed no evidence of the disease. The other Thai @entity1 was the mistress of the male Thai @entity1 , which underlies the importance of heterosexual transmission of the disease. The two male @entity1 had @entity1292 whereas the female @entity1 had only generalised @entity3329 (Pre- @entity791 ). Delayed @entity56 response, T-cell subsets enumeration and the in vitro T-cell mitogen response served as diagnostic tools when combined with the clinical history. The diagnosis was made even before the results of tests to determine the presence of antibodies to HTLV-III were known. The presence of anti-HTLV-III simply confirmed our diagnosis.

title: A report of three cases of XXXX in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS', 'Acquired immune deficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Migration has been related to the utilization of preventive care services. We analysed the relation between @entity5 screening and migration within the same country and socioeconomic status in a context in which there is no organized screening. The health survey of Barcelona (Spain) was the data source. Barcelona, a city in north eastern Spain, has experienced important migration from the south and other regions of Spain. Variables studied were the migrant @entity1 's year of arrival, age at arrival, educational attainment and Pap smear test uptake. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the correlations among the variables of interest. Just over 30% of the @entity1 had never had a Pap smear test. Uptake was higher among younger, educated @entity1 born either in Barcelona or abroad. After adjusting for age, migrant @entity1 were at higher risk for not participating in screening tests (odds ratio: 1.23; 1.09-1.39); but after adjusting for educational attainment and age, the odds ratio was no longer significant. This study shows that migrants within Spain have less access to preventive services, such as @entity5 screening in an opportunistic setting. However, this association is almost completely explained by socioeconomic status. Migration could be seen as a social factor that puts @entity1 at risk of falling into lower socioeconomic status associated with poor access to screening.

title: Migration within Spain, level of education, and XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was done to determine the electrical properties of the @entity5036 ( @entity5036 ) and the proximal atrioventricular bundle (PAVB). METHODS AND RESULTS: Extracellular potentials associated with electrical activity in the @entity5036 and PAVB were identified in electrograms using adult @entity235 atrial preparations in which the AV node (AVN) and distal AV (His) bundle (DAVB) had been exposed. Intracellular potentials and/or electrograms of the sinoatrial node (SAN), @entity5036 , PAVB, AVN, DAVB, and @entity11706 from a pectinate muscle bundle in the high right atrial wall were recorded. The electrograms contained deflections representing discharge of the specific tissues and atrial potentials from the adjacent or overlying atrial contractile myocardium. In superfusates containing 2.7 mM K+, sequential discharge of the tissues resulted in brief SAN- @entity5036 , PAVB-DAVB, and AVN-DAVB intervals and a major delay after discharge of the @entity5036 . The delay was attributed to activation of the PAVB, as reflected in extracellular PAVB potentials of long duration. Atrial potentials and the onset of the contractile event followed discharge of the SAN and @entity5036 but preceded activation of the PAVB, AVN, and DAVB. After transection of the PAVB-AVN connections, the AVN exhibited automaticity, but the @entity5036 , PAVB, atrial potentials in all of the electrograms, and @entity11706 persisted at the sinus rate. During exposure to 10 mM @entity3529 +, atrial potentials in all of the electrograms and @entity11706 ceased, indicating electrical quiescence of the contractile myocardium; however, the unique pattern of discharge of the @entity5036 , PAVB, AVN, and DAVB persisted at the SA nodal rate. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the @entity5036 and PAVB can be classified as specialized conducting tissues and are intrinsic components of the internodal conductile pathway.

title: Sinoventricular transmission in 10 mM K+ by XXXX atrioventricular nodal inputs. Superior atrionodal bundle and proximal atrioventricular bundle.

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial contractions']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['superior atrionodal bundle', 'SAB']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']