abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3909 ( @entity3909 ) from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is a clinically important @entity16 in the era of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of @entity4562 and @entity3866 for control of @entity3909 in @entity1149 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 25 @entity470 TKI-treated @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity3909 between 2004 and 2012 at Seoul National University Hospital. Cytologic negative conversion was defined as absence of malignant cells in the cerebrospinal fluid three times in succession. Cytologic conversion rates were compared between the @entity4562 arm and the @entity3866 arm. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had exon 21 point mutations and eight @entity1 had exon 19 deletional mutations. Nine of 25 @entity1 had already used @entity470 TKIs and switched to another @entity470 TKI after @entity3909 occurrence. The other 16 @entity1 received @entity470 TKIs after @entity3909 diagnoses. All the @entity1 received intrathecal chemotherapy, including @entity1499 , and six of them were treated with combined whole-brain radiotherapy. @entity4562 and @entity3866 were administered to 11 and 14 @entity1 , respectively. Ten @entity1 had @entity3909 controlled with cytologic negative conversion, whereas in 15 @entity1 , cytological clearance of the cerebrospinal fluid could not be achieved. @entity1 treated with @entity3866 showed better cytologic conversion rate of @entity3909 than those with @entity4562 (64.3% [9 of 14] in the @entity3866 arm versus 9.1% [1 of 11] in the @entity4562 arm; p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that @entity3866 had better control rate for @entity3909 in @entity1149 than @entity4562 . Further prospective study is warranted.

title: @entity3866 versus @entity4562 for control of @entity3909 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complication']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis', 'LMC']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Recent studies focussing on neuroimaging features of @entity1277 have observed that @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) is characterized by significant grey matter (GM) @entity194 in many brain regions, especially in the cerebellum and anterior cingulate cortex. To date, no studies have found @entity194 in @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) or have directly compared @entity1 with @entity1278 and @entity1279 . We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to characterize @entity75 in @entity1278 and @entity1279 @entity1 , comparing them with each other and with a control group, and correlating brain volume with clinical features. We recruited 17 @entity1278 , 13 @entity1279 and 14 healthy controls. All subjects underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a T1-weighted 3D image. VBM analysis was carried out with the FSL-VBM 4.1 tool. We found no global @entity194 , but regional GM reduction in @entity1278 with respect to controls and @entity1279 in the cerebellum, fusiform area, supplementary motor area, and occipital cortex, and in the caudate in @entity1279 compared to @entity1278 and controls. Both groups of @entity1 had a volumetric increase bilaterally in somatosensory regions with respect to controls, in areas that are typically involved in the sensory-motor integration of body stimuli and in mental representation of the body image. Our VBM study documented, for the first time in @entity1279 @entity1 , the presence of volumetric alterations and replicated previous findings in @entity1278 @entity1 . We evidenced morphological differences between @entity1278 and @entity1279 , demonstrating in the latter @entity194 of the caudate nucleus, a region involved in reward mechanisms and processes of self-regulation, perhaps involved in the genesis of the binge-eating behaviors of this disorder.

title: Brain volumetric abnormalities in @entity1 with anorexia and XXXX : a voxel-based morphometry study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'GM atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity1279 :: (MESH:D052018,Disease) :: ['bulimia nervosa']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate the clinical efficacy of fluoroscopically guided therapeutic cervical selective nerve root blocks (SNRBs) in @entity1 with @entity7125 induced cervical @entity158 . Study design was restrospective with independent clinical review. Twenty two @entity1 were included. Each @entity1 met specific physical examination criteria and failed to improve clinically after at least four weeks of physical therapy and the use of oral analgesics. Each @entity1 demonstrated a positive response to a fluoroscopically guided diagnostic cervical SNRB. @entity1 were excluded for radiographic evidence of a focal disc protrusion or foraminal stenosis at the symptomatic level. Therapeutic cervical SNRBs were administered in conjunction with physical therapy. Data collection and analysis were performed by an independent clinical reviewer. Outcome measures included VAS @entity158 scores, work status, medication usage, and @entity717 scores. Results showed the @entity1 ' symptom duration prior to diagnostic injection averaged 6 months. An average of 2.1 therapeutic injections was administered. Follow up data collection transpired at an average of 33.3 weeks following the final therapeutic injection. Good or excellent results were observed in 14% of @entity1 . In higher functioning individuals a significantly greater (F=.0427) improvement in @entity158 of 48.9% was observed. In these initial findings suggest that fluoroscopically guided therapeutic SNRBs, except possibly for higher functioning individuals, are not effective in the treatment of @entity7125 induced cervical @entity158 .

title: Outcomes of therapeutic selective nerve root blocks for @entity7125 induced cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['radicular pain']


abstract: Structural plasticity is often required for distinct microscopic steps during enzymatic reaction cycles. @entity1920 kinase from @entity526 (AK(eco)) populates two major conformations in solution; the open (inactive) and closed (active) state, and the overall turnover rate is inversely proportional to the lifetime of the active conformation. Therefore, structural plasticity is intimately coupled to enzymatic turnover in AK(eco). Here, we probe the open to closed conformational equilibrium in the absence of bound substrate with NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The conformational equilibrium in absence of substrate and, in turn, the turnover number can be modulated with mutational- and osmolyte-driven perturbations. Removal of one @entity3884 bond between the @entity855 and @entity860 binding subdomains results in a population shift toward the open conformation and a resulting increase of k(cat). Addition of the osmolyte @entity6633 to AK(eco) results in population shift toward the closed conformation and a significant reduction of k(cat). The Michaelis constants (K(M)) scale with the change in k(cat), which follows from the influence of the population of the closed conformation for substrate binding affinity. Hence, k(cat) and K(M) are mutually dependent, and in the case of AK(eco), any perturbation that modulates k(cat) is mirrored with a proportional response in K(M). Thus, our results demonstrate that the equilibrium constant of a pre-existing conformational equilibrium directly affects enzymatic catalysis. From an evolutionary perspective, our findings suggest that, for AK(eco), there exists ample flexibility to obtain a specificity constant (k(cat)/K(M)) that commensurate with the exerted cellular selective pressure.

title: Modulation of a pre-existing conformational equilibrium tunes XXXX kinase activity.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenylate']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['adenylate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12697 ( @entity12697 ) is characterized by @entity4238 , @entity851 and @entity4297 . Various @entity74 have been described in @entity12697 @entity1 , but not all were related to @entity548 , which itself is present in up to 65%. Several subgroups of @entity12697 - especially those with @entity9702 mutation - are associated with @entity849 . As it is known that some @entity299 are prone to a shear stress related destruction of the @entity2880 factor as an important haemostatic component, we aimed to find out, whether the @entity849 could be responsible for such a mechanism in @entity12697 @entity1 . @entity1 , METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated the haemostatic system in 15 @entity1 with genetically proven @entity12697 (14 with @entity9702 , one with @entity25941 mutation). Platelet count, @entity3459 parameters, @entity2002 and @entity5582 were normal in all @entity1 , none had a relevant reduction of coagulation factor activities. Five @entity1 had @entity849 with systolic gradients>60 mmHg. In three of them a deficiency of the high molecular weight multimers and a pathologic collagen-binding capacity were detected, suggesting acquired @entity2880 . Nine of our @entity1 indicated a relevant @entity548 diathesis and complained of easy @entity2981 , three reported spontaneous gum @entity548 . IN CONCLUSION: the destruction of the @entity2880 factor could explain the @entity548 in some of the @entity12697 @entity1 with @entity849 . Our finding is of clinical relevance since most of these @entity1 require either interventional cardiac catheterization or open heart surgery which may be complicated by the @entity548 tendency.

title: Bleeding diathesis in XXXX : is acquired @entity2880 the clue?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand', 'von Willebrand syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['basic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve stenosis', 'pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic facies']

entities_list: @entity12697 :: ('MESH:D009634', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'Noonan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity12697 :: (MESH:D009634,Disease) :: ['Noonan syndrome']


abstract: One hundred seventy-seven consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity978 ( @entity978 ) (supradragmatic 157; infra diaphragmatic 20) were treated at St. Bartholomew's Hospital on the basis of pathologic stage (PS) in 84 (IIA 69; IIB 15) and clinical stage (CS) in 93 (IIA 33, IIB 60) between January 1968 and December 1984. The median follow up is 13 years. Overall, complete remission (CR) was achieved in 143 @entity1 (75%) of whom 53 have had a recurrence. One hundred twenty-seven @entity1 remain alive, the cumulative predicted survival at 15 yrs being 70%. Mantle radiotherapy was prescribed to 88 @entity1 with supradiaphragmatic @entity978 , of whom 75 entered CR and 9 achieved good partial remission (GPR) (95%). The duration of remission correlated strongly with ESR (greater than 50 mm/h) and mediastinal thoracic ratio (less than 33% vs. greater than 33%) in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). 46/88 @entity1 remain in continuous first remission, the median duration of remission having not reached at 15 years. Combined modality therapy or chemotherapy alone was prescribed to 69 @entity1 with supradiaphragmatic @entity978 , CR being achieved in 51 @entity1 and GPR in 8 at the completion of all therapy. 48/59 @entity1 continue in first remission. The duration of remission of @entity1 receiving combined modality therapy or CT alone was significantly longer (p = 0.002) than that of @entity1 receiving RT alone, in spite of the fact that the former group comprised predominantly of @entity1 with unfavourable features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Management of XXXX : 15 years experience at St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "stage II Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['stage II Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Serum @entity5652 semi splitting occurs in 1.1 and 1.65 hours when administered in a single dose. In this work treatment for @entity1378 @entity1 is described; 350 mg were administered daily in divided doses, every two and eight hours. In group A fifteen @entity1 received 50 mg every two hours from 8:00 to 20:00 hs. and in group B nine @entity1 were administered 100, 100 and 150 mg at 8 hour intervals. The @entity1 were hospitalized the first seven days and during this time circulating @entity1954 and @entity1955 concentrations were measured daily at 8:00 and 20:00 hrs. and then at 8:00 hrs. at days 8, 14, 21 and 28. After almost one week of treatment, in group "A", seven @entity1 (46.6 per cent p 0.05) had normal concentration levels in both hormones. In group "B" only one @entity1 reached normal levels in the first eight days. The administration of @entity5652 every two hours is a useful procedure to attain the euthyroid state in less time than with other therapeutic patterns without undesirable side effects.

title: [Administration of equally divided doses of XXXX every two-eight hours in @entity1378 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity5652 :: (MESH:D011441,Chemical) :: ['propylthiouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To critique the English-language reports describing the effects of medical and surgical antireflux therapy on respiratory symptoms and function in @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: The Medline computerized database (1959-1999) was searched, and all publications relating to both @entity565 and @entity354 were retrieved. RESULTS: Seven of nine trials of @entity112 -receptor antagonists showed a treatment-related improvement in @entity565 symptoms, with half of the @entity1 benefiting. Only one study identified a beneficial effect on objective measures of pulmonary function. Three of six trials of proton pump inhibitors documented improvement in @entity565 symptoms with treatment; benefit was seen in 25% of @entity1 . Half of the studies reported improvement in pulmonary function, but the effect occurred in fewer than 15% of @entity1 . In the one study that used optimal antisecretory therapy, @entity565 symptoms were improved in 67% of @entity1 and pulmonary function was improved in 20%. Combined data from 5 pediatric and 14 adult studies of anti-reflux surgery indicated that almost 90% of @entity1 and 70% of adults had improvement in respiratory symptoms, with approximately one third experiencing improvements in objective measures of pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS: Fundoplication has been consistently shown to ameliorate reflux-induced @entity565 ; results are superior to the published results of antisecretory therapy. Optimal medical therapy may offer similar results, but large studies providing support for this assertion are lacking.

title: XXXX in @entity565 : effects of medical and surgical antireflux therapy on @entity565 control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: Cationic lipids-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) have been used for delivery of nucleic acids into cells in vitro and in vivo. Despite the fact that, over the last decade, significant progress in the understanding of the cellular pathways and mechanisms involved in lipoplexes-mediated gene transfection have been achieved, a convincing relationship between the structure of lipoplexes and their in vivo and in vitro transfection activity is still missing. How does DNA affect the lipid packing and what are the consequences for transfection efficiency is the point we want to address here. We investigated the bilayer organization in cationic liposomes by electron spin resonance (ESR). Phospholipids spin labeled at the 5th and 16th @entity505 atoms were incorporated into the DNA/ @entity49405 complex. Our data demonstrate that electrostatic interactions involved in the formation of DNA-cationic lipid complex modify the packing of the cationic lipid membrane. DNA rigidifies the @entity49406 fluid bilayer and fluidizes the @entity49406 rigid bilayer just below the gel-fluid transition temperature. These effects were not observed with single @entity2036 and are clearly related to the repetitive charged motif present in the DNA chain and not to a charge-charge interaction. These modifications of the initial lipid packing of the cationic lipid may reorient its cellular pathway towards different routes. A better knowledge of the cationic lipid packing before and after interaction with DNA may therefore contribute to the design of lipoplexes capable to reach specific cellular targets.

title: DNA alters the bilayer structure of cationic lipid XXXX : a spin label study.

entities_list: @entity49406 :: ('CHEBI:2634', 'Chemical') :: ['amidine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity49405 :: (MESH:C089665,Chemical) :: ['diC14-amidine']


abstract: Despite national guidelines for treatment of @entity407 , significant numbers of individuals with @entity453 are not treated to their National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) goals. The potential benefits of a clinical pharmacist-managed lipid clinic would be to improve rates of success in achieving these goals, improve drug adherence and compliance with therapy, and reduce cardiovascular events. All @entity1 who had a documented history of @entity453 and were under the care of one cardiologist were treated in the pharmacist-managed lipid clinic. A second cardiologist provided usual care to a group of @entity1 with @entity453 who served as controls. @entity1 in each arm were followed for a minimum of 6 months. A protocol for therapy changes in clinic @entity1 was developed by the clinical pharmacist and approved by the cardiologist. At the end of 6 months, 69% of @entity1 in the pharmacist-managed clinic achieved their LDL goal, compared with 50% of controls. Compliance with laboratory tests and drug regimens also improved in clinic @entity1 . Compliance with lipid panels went from 8% 2 months before to 89% 2 months after the start of the study. At the end of 6 months compliance with laboratory work and refills was 80%. Thus the clinical pharmacist-managed clinic was highly successful in achieving NCEP goals for secondary prevention.

title: Effect of a clinical pharmacist-managed lipid clinic on achieving National XXXX Education Program low-density lipoprotein goals.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soft tissue @entity242 (STS) of the chest wall is uncommon, and our knowledge is limited to small, single institutional case series. Although some series have examined prognostic factors for survival with this rare set of @entity5 , our knowledge of the patterns of relapse is limited. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of consecutive @entity1 treated for STS of the chest wall. Predictors of survival and recurrence were analyzed using Cox and competing-risk regression analyses. RESULTS: From 1989 to 2011, 192 @entity1 underwent resection for STS of the chest wall. The most common histopathologic type was desmoid (33 [17%]), followed by undifferentiated @entity242 (32 [16%]), @entity1821 (22 [11%]), and myxofibrosarcoma (22 [11%]). The median follow-up was 50.9 months. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 73% and 61%, respectively. Recurrences occurred in 45 @entity1 (23%): 17 developed local recurrences, and 28 developed distant recurrences. Among the @entity1 who developed recurrences, the median time to event was 11.6 months for local recurrences and 13.5 months for distant recurrences. The most common histologic type among recurrences was undifferentiated @entity242 (n  = 12), and the most common site of distant recurrences was lung (n  = 18). The primary treatment modality for both local and distant recurrences was surgical resection; median survival after recurrence was 19.4 months. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrences of STS are common after surgical resection. Although local or distant recurrences can occur soon after surgery, both can often be treated with resection, producing reasonable outcomes.

title: Recurrence patterns after resection of soft tissue XXXX of the chest wall.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'pleomorphic sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: Increased load on a muscle (synergistic overload or stretch) results in @entity2086 . The expression of @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) mRNA in @entity35 skeletal muscle is increased during synergistic overload-induced @entity1184 . Although it has also been established that fasting animals lose muscle protein, it has been shown that compensatory @entity2086 occurs in adult fasting @entity35 that are undergoing a net loss of body weight. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a relationship exists between @entity2135 mRNA levels and muscle growth and regression. This was accomplished by examining whether @entity2135 mRNA levels were altered during @entity2086 after stretch and regression and the effect of fasting on @entity2135 mRNA levels during stretch-induced @entity1184 . Patagialis (PAT) muscle weights increased 13 and 44% at 2 and 11 days of stretch, respectively. However, after removal of the stretch stimulus on day 11, PAT weights began to decrease, reaching control weights by 18 days. During the first time point (2 days), PAT muscle @entity2135 mRNA remained constant. @entity2135 mRNA abundance was threefold greater than contralateral control levels by 11 days of stretch. @entity2135 mRNA levels decreased but remained significantly above control levels throughout the regression of @entity1184 (13, 18, and 25 days). Fasting did not alter PAT muscle response to stretch. After 11 days of stretch, PAT muscle weight increased 60% compared with contralateral control muscles and @entity2135 mRNA levels increased three-fold. This study supports a role for @entity2135 in @entity2086 but not @entity2057 .

title: Modulation of IGF mRNA abundance during stretch-induced XXXX and regression.

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity2086 :: (MESH:C536106,Disease) :: ['skeletal muscle hypertrophy']


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity19 transgenic for both the @entity1 @entity916 and @entity1 @entity2178 genes ( @entity309 +) exhibit appropriate tissue- and cell-specific expression of both transgenes, have 4-fold higher plasma @entity2178 (AII) levels, and are chronically @entity101 . However, the relative contribution of circulating and tissue-derived AII in causing @entity101 in these animals is not known. We hypothesized that the brain @entity916 -angiotensin system contributes to the elevated blood pressure in this model. To address this hypothesis, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were measured in conscious, unrestrained @entity19 after they were instrumented with intracerebroventricular cannulae and carotid arterial and jugular vein catheters. Intracerebroventricular administration of the selective AII type 1 ( @entity14207 antagonist @entity9886 (10 microgram, 1 microL) caused a significantly greater peak fall in MAP in @entity309 + @entity19 than in nontransgenic @entity309 - controls (-29+/-4 versus -4+/-2 mm Hg, P<0.01). To explore the mechanism of a central @entity916 -angiotensin system-dependent @entity101 in @entity309 + @entity19 , we determined the relative depressor responses to intravenous administration of the ganglionic blocking agent @entity4033 (5 mg/kg) or an @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) V1 receptor antagonist (AVPX, 10 microgram/kg). @entity4033 caused equal lowering of MAP in @entity309 + @entity19 and controls (-46+/-3 versus -52+/-3, P>0.05), whereas @entity47374 caused a significantly greater fall in MAP in @entity309 + compared with @entity309 - @entity19 (-24+/-2 versus -6+/-1, P<0.01). Consistent with this was the observation that circulating AVP was 3-fold higher in @entity309 + @entity19 than in control @entity19 . These results suggest that increased activation of central AT-1 receptors, perhaps those located at sites involved in AVP release from the posterior pituitary gland, plays a role in the @entity101 in @entity309 + @entity19 . Furthermore, our finding that both @entity1 transgenes are expressed in brain regions of @entity309 + @entity19 known to be involved in cardiovascular regulation raises the possibility that augmented local production of AII and increased activation of AT-1 receptors at these sites is involved.

title: The brain @entity916 -angiotensin system contributes to the @entity101 in @entity19 containing both the @entity1 @entity916 and XXXX @entity2178 transgenes.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethonium', 'hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of the study is to determine which treatments for @entity1 with @entity158 are trusted by general practitioners (GPs) and physiotherapists, and to compare trusted treatments with evidence from a systematic critical review of the scientific literature. A two-step process was used: a questionnaire (written case simulation) and a systematic critical review. The questionnaire was mailed to 188 GPs and 71 physiotherapists in Sweden. The total response rate was 72% (186/259). The following treatments were trusted, ergonomics/adjustments at work, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, movement exercises, acupuncture, ultrasound therapy, strengthening exercises, stretching, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, and superficial heat or ice therapy. The review, including efficacy studies for the treatments found to be trusted, was conducted using the CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases. Evidence for efficacy was recorded in relation to methodological quality and to diagnostic criteria that labelled @entity1 as having @entity158 or a non-specific @entity74 . Forty studies were included. The methodological quality varied and only one treatment had definitive evidence for efficacy for non-specific @entity1 , namely injection of corticosteroids. The trust in @entity288 , injected in the subacromial bursa, was supported by definitive evidence for short-term efficacy. Acupuncture had tentative evidence for short-term efficacy in @entity1 with @entity158 . Ultrasound therapy was ineffective for @entity158 . This is supported by tentative evidence and, together with earlier reviews, this questions both the trust in the treatment and its use. The clinicians' trust in treatments had a weak association with available scientific evidence.

title: A combination of systematic review and clinicians' beliefs in interventions for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial pain']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['subacromial pain']


abstract: This randomized study compares the coronary perfusion rate in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) treated with 2 different intravenous thrombolytic agents: streptokinase 1.5 million U given over 60 minutes and anisoylated @entity1 plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (anistreplase) administrated as a bolus of 30 U over 5 minutes. One hundred seventy-five @entity1 (149 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 , mean age 54 years) have been included in this study. Eighty-nine @entity1 were treated with anistreplase and 86 @entity1 with streptokinase. @entity583 was inferior in 54 @entity1 (61%) in the anistreplase group and in 54 @entity1 (63%) in the streptokinase group. It was anterior in 35 (40%) and 32 (37%) @entity1 , respectively. Coronary angiography and ventriculography were performed at a mean time (+/- SEM) of 207 +/- 11 minutes after the beginning of thrombolysis in 170 @entity1 . A perfusion score grade of 2 or 3 according to the Thrombolysis in @entity583 trial was found in 63 @entity1 (72%) in the anistreplase group and in 56 @entity1 (68%) in the streptokinase group (p = NS). Severe @entity548 occurred in 7 @entity1 (8%) after anistreplase and in 6 @entity1 (7%) after streptokinase. No @entity1779 occurred. Nine @entity1 (5%) died during their hospital stay: 6 after anistreplase and 3 after streptokinase. It is concluded that intravenous administration of anistreplase or streptokinase is efficient and safe. Coronary patency 207 minutes after fibrinolysis, incidence of adverse events and mortality are similar in both groups.

title: Comparison of results of intravenous infusion of anistreplase versus streptokinase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the criteria for diagnosing @entity56 and to maintain permanent @entity5173 and ventilation, while preserving the integrity of mucosa. METHODS: This is a prospective study of 251 @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without @entity1412 , of whom 199 were treated surgically. Mucus sample collection, nasal secretion culture, surgical specimen handling and histological evaluation of surgical specimens are described. The management included wide local endoscopic sinus debridement, adequate sinus aeration, post-operative use of @entity230 and antifungal therapy. RESULTS: Fungal cultures of nasal secretions were positive in 201 (80.01 per cent) of 251 @entity1 . Of the 199 surgical cases, fungal elements were found in 156 histological specimens (62.1 per cent). Allergic @entity3558 was found in 182 @entity1 (91.45 per cent). @entity8968 and proptosis were the commonest presentations. All pre-operative versus post-operative changes in @entity56 -associated complaints reached statistical significance of p < 0.001. The ethmoid sinus was commonly involved with adjacent lamina papyracea exhibiting @entity3760 in 26.6 per cent of cases. Intracranial extension was seen in 15 cases. Recurrence was noted in 11 cases. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive treatment with endoscopic sinus surgery, @entity230 and antifungal therapy is needed. @entity56 is readily recurrent. Long-term follow up is important.

title: XXXX ( @entity56 )--earlier diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3760 :: ('MESH:D017001', 'Disease') :: ['demineralization']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic fungal sinusitis', 'AFS']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic fungal sinusitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stentless biologic aortic valves are less obstructive than stented biologic or mechanical valves. Their superior hemodynamic performances are expected to reflect in better regression of @entity4346 . We compared the regression of @entity4346 in 3 groups of @entity1 undergoing aortic valve replacement for severe @entity472 . Group I (10 @entity1 ) received stentless biologic aortic valves, group II (10 @entity1 ) received stented biologic aortic valves, and group III (10 @entity1 ) received bileaflet mechanical aortic valves. METHODS: Echocardiographic evaluations were performed before the operation and after 1 year, and the results were compared with those of a control group. Left ventricular diameters and function, left ventricular wall thickness, and left ventricular mass were assessed by echocardiography. RESULTS: Group I @entity1 had a significantly lower maximum and mean transprosthetic gradient than the other valve groups (P = .001). One year after operation there was a significant reduction in left ventricular mass for all @entity1 groups (P < .01), but mass did not reach normal values (P = .05). Although the rate of regression in the interventricular septum and posterior wall thickness differed slightly among groups, their values at follow-up were comparable and still higher than control values (P = .002). The ratio between interventricular septum and posterior wall and the ratio between wall thickness and chamber radius did not change significantly at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Because the number of @entity1 was relatively small, we could not use left ventricular mass regression after I year to distinguish among @entity1 undergoing aortic valve replacement for @entity472 by means of valve prostheses with different hemodynamic performances.

title: Regression of XXXX after aortic valve replacement for @entity472 with different valve substitutes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the incidence and characteristics of @entity2592 -related fever and the frequency and severity of @entity281 after single-drug, high-dose @entity2592 treatment (HDAC) in @entity1 treated for @entity981 ( @entity981 ) or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). A retrospective review was performed of 169 courses of HDAC administered to 57 @entity1 (age 1.8-17.8 years). @entity1904 values (PCT) were analyzed in a subgroup of 16 @entity1 . Fever during HDAC occurred in 113 of 169 (67%) cases. @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) was elevated in the febrile @entity1 (median 38 mg/L [range 3-150]). PCT was elevated (>0.5 ng/mL) during HDAC in 4 of the 16 evaluated @entity1 . @entity288 could inhibit fever (P < 0.001). Myelosuppression after HDAC was prominent: 99% developed @entity1398 (<0.5 x 10/L) and 92% @entity882 (<25 x 10/L). An @entity2905 (median 0.1 x 10/L [range 0.01-0.68]) was seen during the first week. @entity1261 was used after 12 of the 169 HDAC courses. A febrile episode occurred after 93 of the 169 (55%) HDAC courses, with no need for intensive care and no deaths. The incidence of @entity883 was 2 of the 169 cases. @entity2592 fever is common, and evaluation with @entity32 markers is complicated by the fact that HDAC can induce a moderate release of both @entity1851 and PCT. Profound @entity1398 and @entity2905 are causative factors for the high incidence of @entity281 , but the risk of life-threatening complications after HDAC in @entity1 in remission of @entity706 is low, even without prophylactic use of colony-stimulating factors.

title: @entity2592 fever and @entity281 after high-dose @entity2592 treatment in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['viridans streptococcal septicemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['early lymphopenia', 'lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid malignancies']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Imbalance between secretion and absorbtion of pleural fluid results in @entity1143 . Emergence of @entity1143 ipsilateral or contralateral to the side drained previously is named recurrent effusion. There is currently no standart approach for the management of recurrent @entity1143 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 , treated between 2011 and 2012 for recurrent @entity1143 due to various etiologies, not considered for surgical or other treatments, and underwent placement of prolonged pleural catheters (Jackson-Pratt drain) were included in this study. Twenty two prolonged pleural catheters were inserted in 18 @entity1 . There were 10 females and 8 males, with mean age 59 (35-77). In 20 @entity1 the catheters were inserted by an anterior approach, and by a posterior approach in one @entity1 . Daily drainage above 1,500 mL was not permitted in order to avoid @entity3126 . Catheters were removed in @entity1 who had lung expansion and drainage under 50 mL/day. RESULTS: The most common etiology for @entity1143 was @entity5 in 9 @entity1 , primary @entity153 in 5 @entity1 , and benign @entity1143 in 4 @entity1 . Four @entity1 underwent bilateral prolonged pleural catheter insertion. The catheters were retained for a mean period of 19 (10-40) days. @entity1143 recurred two months after removal of the catheter in one @entity1 with primary @entity5 (5%). Only one @entity1 developed a complication ( @entity3509 ) while under drainage (5%). Two @entity1 died while the catheter was in place. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased length of stay and lower costs have enabled prolonged are the major advantages of pleural catheter applications in appropriate @entity1 compared to other treatment methods. We believe that the Jackson Pratt silicone flat drains provide effective pleurodesis along with easy application, and suggest their use as an alternative to pleurodesis in especially @entity3483 and not benign @entity1143 .

title: The use of Jackson-Pratt silicone flat drains as prolonged pleural catheters for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'Pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial cancer', 'extrathoracic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous research has focused on overall associations between work stress and body mass index (BMI) ignoring the possibility that stress may cause some @entity1 to eat less and lose weight and others to eat more. Using longitudinal data, we studied whether work stress induced @entity353 in lean individuals and @entity1017 in overweight individuals. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: A total of 7965 British civil servants (5547 @entity1 and 2418 @entity1 ) aged 35-55 at study entry (The Whitehall II study). MEASUREMENTS: Work stress, indicated by the job strain model and measured as job control, job demands and job strain, was assessed at baseline and BMI at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. RESULTS: In @entity1 , the effect of job strain on @entity1017 and @entity353 was dependent on baseline BMI (P</=0.03). In the leanest quintile (BMI<22 kg/m(2)) at baseline, high job strain and low job control were associated with @entity353 by follow-up, whereas among those in the highest BMI quintile (>27 kg/m(2)), these stress indicators were associated with subsequent @entity1017 . No corresponding interaction was seen among @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Inconsistent findings reported by previous studies of stress and BMI have generally been interpreted to indicate the absence of an association. In light of our results, the possibility of differential effects of work stress should also be taken into account.

title: Work stress, XXXX and @entity353 : evidence for bidirectional effects of job strain on body mass index in the Whitehall II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minor @entity130 has previously been shown to improve survival in animals subjected to ischemic insults. Although the mechanism by which an @entity63 -tolerant state is achieved is not clear, transient @entity528 is thought to play a central role in the development of the tolerance. One way of producing transient @entity528 is by the induction of @entity308 ( @entity308 ). The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of preischemic transient depolarization, induced by @entity308 , on postischemic neuronal outcome in @entity35 . METHODS: Unilateral @entity308 was induced by application of KCl to the frontal cortex ( @entity308 hemisphere) in three groups of @entity5161 -anesthetized @entity35 ( @entity308 groups; n = 8/group). Sham animals (n = 12) did not undergo @entity308 . In a fifth group (n = 8), @entity3652 was administered during KCl application to inhibit @entity308 . One, three, or seven days after @entity308 , animals were subjected to @entity63 produced by bilateral carotid @entity432 . Injury to the striatum, hippocampus, and cortex was evaluated in @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained brain sections 3 days after @entity63 . RESULTS: Preischemic @entity308 reduced @entity130 in the ipsilateral cortex. The ratio of the number of injured neurons in the @entity308 hemisphere to that in the non- @entity308 hemisphere was significantly less in the groups subjected to @entity308 1 day (0.51 +/- 0.33), 3 days (0.56 /- 0.22), and 7 days (0.40 +/- 0.17) before @entity63 than in the sham operated group (1.11 +/- 0.47). In the @entity3652 group ( @entity308 inhibition), there were no differences in the extent of injury in the two hemispheres (ratio = 0.84 +/- 0.47). Injury to the striatum and hippocampus was similar among the groups. Within each group, injury to these subcortical structures in the @entity308 hemisphere was not different from that in the non- @entity308 hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that preischemic depolarization induced by @entity308 results in an adaptive response that reduces the vulnerability of cortical neurons to subsequent @entity63 (ischemic tolerance).

title: Transient XXXX induces tolerance to subsequent @entity63 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['cortical spreading depression', 'CSD']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal depolarization']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cortical injury', 'postischemic injury']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal depolarization']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The annual economic @entity227 in the United States was estimated as  139 billion. The World Health Organization has listed @entity726 in the top 10 priority @entity2194 . @entity725 ( @entity725 ) is a common subtype, with a lack of clinical tools for early diagnosis. The Rho GTPases belong to the Ras superfamily of proteins; the @entity3547 immunostaining in the optic nerve head in @entity1 @entity726 is reportedly increased. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in the Ras Homolog Family Member A, B, C, and D genes ( @entity3547 , @entity16505 , @entity33760 , and RHOD, respectively). In a total sample of 361 unrelated subjects (179 @entity1 with @entity725 and 182 age- and sex-matched healthy controls), @entity3547 ( @entity47732 , @entity47733 ), @entity16505 ( @entity47734 ), @entity33760 ( @entity47735 ), and RHOD ( @entity47736 , @entity47737 ) polymorphisms were characterized by the BioMark @entity2033 dynamic array system with real-time polymerarse chain reaction. Among these candidate genetic markers and considering the Bonferroni correction, @entity3547 @entity47733 polymorphism was significantly associated with @entity725 (p   =   0.0011), with the TT genotype increasing the disease risk 4.9 times (95% CI 1.630-15.023). The allele and haplotype distributions of the above RHO candidate polymorphisms did not diplay a significant association. This is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to identify a significant genotypic association between @entity725 and @entity3547 gene @entity47733 polymorphism. These observations warrant replication in independent samples in the pursuit of precision medicine for rapid and @entity726 diagnosis, and molecular targets for innovation in therapeutics of this @entity2194 .

title: Toward Novel Diagnostics for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma? An Association Study of Polymorphic Variation in Ras Homolog Family Member (A, B, C, D) Genes @entity3547 , XXXX , @entity33760 , and RHOD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'Primary open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['common eye disease', 'eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['burden of visual disorders']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'early glaucoma']

answer: @entity16505 :: (388,Gene) :: ['RHOB']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current study assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of a full-body-driven intervention videogame targeted at decreasing @entity71 ( @entity71 ) symptoms, specifically inattention, @entity2915 , @entity23 , and @entity1957 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The game was tested in a Dutch sample (N   =   73) of school-aged @entity1 with elevated @entity71 symptoms. @entity1 assigned to the intervention condition played "Adventurous Dreaming Highflying Dragon," and those in the control condition played a comparable full-body-driven game without @entity71 -focused training components. Games were played during six 15-minute sessions. Outcomes were teacher-rated @entity71 symptoms and scores on neuropsychological tasks assessing motor skills, @entity23 , and sustained attention. RESULTS: There was some indication of greater improvement in the intervention group in comparison to the control group in terms of teacher-rated @entity71 symptoms. Both groups showed equal indication of improvement in fine motor skills, but no change was found in gross motor skills. Additionally, both groups showed a deterioration in number of hits (assessing sustained attention) on the go/no-go task. Last, the intervention group showed a greater increase in false alarms (assessing @entity23 ) than the control group. CONCLUSION: Dragon seems promising as a game-based intervention for @entity1 with @entity71 . @entity1 who played Dragon improved in several areas with only a short amount of gameplay (1.5 hours in total), and their satisfaction with the game was high. For future research, it is recommended to further inspect Dragon's influence on @entity23 and gross motor skills. Furthermore, it is recommended to disentangle, examine, and evaluate specific properties of videogames that might lead to positive behavioral change.

title: A Feasibility Study on the Effectiveness of a Full-Body Videogame Intervention for Decreasing Attention Deficit XXXX Symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['Hyperactivity Disorder']


abstract: Members of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family serve as cellular receptors for @entity6368 . More specifically, neisserial colony opacity (OpaCEA)) proteins bind to epithelial CEACAMs (CEACAM1, @entity787 , CEACAM6) to promote bacterial colonization of the mucosa. In contrast, recognition by @entity787 , expressed by @entity1 granulocytes, results in uptake and destruction of Opa( @entity787 )-expressing bacteria. Therefore, @entity787 -mediated uptake might limit the spread of gonococci. However, some strains can cause disseminating @entity2954 (DGIs), and it is currently unknown how these strains escape detection by granulocyte @entity787 . Therefore, the opa gene loci from @entity6368 VP1, which was derived from a @entity1 with disseminated @entity2954 , were cloned and constitutively expressed in @entity526 . Similar to Opa proteins of the nondisseminating strain MS11, the majority of Opa proteins from strain VP1 bound epithelial CEACAMs and promoted CEACAM-initiated responses by epithelial cells. In sharp contrast to the Opa proteins of strain MS11, the Opa proteins of strain VP1 failed to interact with the @entity1 granulocyte receptor @entity787 . Accordingly, bacteria expressing VP1 Opa proteins were not taken up by primary @entity1 granulocytes and did not trigger a strong oxidative burst. Analysis of Opa variants from four additional clinical DGI isolates again demonstrated a lack of @entity787 binding. In summary, our results reveal that particular @entity6368 strains express an Opa protein repertoire allowing engagement of epithelial CEACAMs for successful mucosal colonization, while avoiding recognition and elimination via @entity787 -mediated phagocytosis. A failure of @entity787 -mediated innate immune detection might be linked to the ability of gonococci to cause disseminated @entity281 .

title: Innate recognition by neutrophil granulocytes differs between @entity6368 strains causing local or disseminating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal infections', 'gonococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae strain', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) is a systemic @entity32 . Although the @entity3223 ( @entity3223 , was not expressed normally on @entity404 + T cells, the aberrant expression was found in pathological conditions such as in auto-immune diseases. However, the involvement of @entity3223 in pathogenesis of @entity2175 is unclear. We hypothesize that there is an inflammatory @entity404 + T cell subpopulation expressing @entity3223 and producing interleukin (IL)-17 in @entity2175 . @entity3223 expression on @entity404 + T cells and their subsets were analyzed by multi-color staining using flow cytometry. Lymphocytes were activated by @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) and @entity1360 , and were stained for intracellular @entity4155 . To investigate the mechanism of @entity4155 production, @entity1 ' lymphocytes were stimulated using specific anti-T cell receptor (TCR) alone, anti- @entity3223 alone or a combination of the two antibodies. @entity404 + T cells and particularly, @entity404 +CD28(null)T subset of @entity2175 @entity1 were highly expressed @entity3223 and more prevalent compared to @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (P=0.039 and P=0.022, respectively). Significantly higher percentages of @entity404 +CD28(null) @entity3223 +T cells of @entity1 produced @entity4155 when compared to those of @entity6 (P=0.024) and were positively correlated with the level of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (R(2)=0.386, P=0.041). Additionally, this cell population could be stimulated by specific monoclonal anti- @entity3223 to produce @entity4155 . In conclusion, @entity404 +CD28(null) @entity3223 +T cells were expanded in @entity2175 , especially in @entity1 with poor glycemic control. @entity3223 may be one of the surrogate co-stimulatory receptors leading to irregular inflammatory function producing @entity4155 . An @entity4155 producing @entity404 +CD28(null) @entity3223 +T cells may potentially be involved in pathogenesis and drive severity of the disease with the glycemic @entity734 . This particular cell @entity164 could be targeted for prognostic or therapeutic purposes.

title: Aberrant NKG2D expression with @entity4155 production of @entity404 + T subsets in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3223 :: ('22914', 'Gene') :: ['natural killer group 2, member D', 'NKG2D) receptor', 'NKG2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['non-diabetic individuals', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity1138 on haze after photorefractive keratectomy. METHODS: Forty-five @entity95 underwent bilateral 193 nm excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to correct 8 diopters of @entity1714 . All eyes were allocated randomly to be treated with 0.008% @entity1138 during operation, or 0.1% @entity619 after operation, or no medical treatment as control. Clinical and histopathologic examinations were made with slit-lamp microscope, specular microscope, light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: At 4, 8 weeks after operation, the corneal haze was significantly less in @entity1138 group than that in the control group or in @entity619 group, and the corneal haze was significantly less in @entity619 group than that in the control group. At 1, 4, 8 weeks, the number of keratocyte in the anterior stroma of ablation area was significantly less in @entity1138 group than in the control group or in @entity619 group. The difference between @entity619 group and the control group was insignificant. The changes in time of reepithelialization, thickness of epithelium and keratocyte number of anterior stroma in ablation area were statistically insignificant among all groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1138 can reduce corneal haze by inhibiting the proliferation of keratocyte and has no @entity137 on @entity267 . @entity1138 is more effective than @entity619 on haze.

title: [Effects of @entity1138 on haze after photorefractive keratectomy for XXXX in @entity95 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C', 'Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: We have investigated the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) and photostimulation (PS) on anterior pituitary @entity45441 mRNA abundance and circulating levels of LH in the domestic @entity233 . The birds were divided into the following four treatment groups: non-PS SHAM, PS SHAM, non-PS OVX, and PS OVX. Photostimulation was initiated 7 days after OVX. Anterior @entity4611 and blood samples were collected on Days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 26 after PS. The experiment was terminated when the PS SHAM birds were laying eggs regularly. Photostimulation of intact birds induced an increase in both @entity45441 mRNA levels (Days 3, 14, and 26 of PS) and serum LH (Days 14 and 26 of PS; p < 0.05), while OVX of non-PS birds significantly elevated LH on Days 7, 10, 21, and 33 and @entity45441 mRNA levels on Days 7, 8, 10, 14, and 33 post-OVX. Circulating LH titers in the PS OVX birds were well above the levels in the non-PS OVX group (p < 0.005); however, @entity45441 mRNA abundance was not significantly greater (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that OVX and PS appear to be additive in stimulating LH secretion but do not have this effect on @entity45441 mRNA levels. We have hypothesized that gonadectomy induces near-maximal accumulation of @entity45441 mRNA and that therefore the subsequent stimulus of a long photoperiod has no additional effect. We suggest that increases in serum LH levels, beyond those of the OVX bird, may be controlled post-transcriptionally.

title: Influence of ovariectomy and photostimulation on luteinizing hormone in the domestic XXXX : evidence for differential regulation of gene expression and hormone secretion.

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitaries']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pressure algometry (PA) may provide an objective and standardised tool in assessing palpation @entity158 over the tibia. The purpose of this study was to analyse the intra-rater repeatability of PA and to determine whether tibial tenderness in healthy runners differ from runners with @entity17089 ( @entity17089 ). METHODS: Pressure algometry was performed on 20 asymptomatic runners (40 legs) and 9 @entity17089 @entity1 (14 symptomatic legs) at standardised locations along the medial border of the tibia. Intra-rater reliability was assessed in 10 randomly selected asymptomatic runners through repeated measurements 2 weeks later. RESULTS: Intra-rater reliability was moderate to excellent (ICC 0.53-0.90) in asymptomatic runners. Pain pressure threshold ( @entity3445 ) was significantly reduced at 2/9-5/9 of the distance from the medial malleolus to the medial tibial condyle (p = 0.002-0.022). There was evidence of a statistically significant association between both height and weight, and @entity3445 from the 3/9 (r = 0.416, p = 0.008) to 7/9 (r = 0.334, p = 0.035) and 3/9 (r = 0.448, p = 0.004) to 6/9 (r = 0.337, p = 0.034) area, respectively. In both @entity17089 @entity1 and healthy runners, there was evidence of lower @entity3445 in females compared to males (p = 0.0001-0.049) and a negative association between age and @entity3445 (p = 0.001-0.033). @entity17089 @entity1 had significantly lower @entity3445 at the 3/9 site (p = 0.048) compared to asymptomatic runners. CONCLUSION: Pain pressure threshold algometry can be incorporated into @entity17089 clinical assessment to objectively assess @entity158 and monitor progress. The presence of reduced medial tibial @entity3445 in asymptomatic runners suggests that clinicians may not need to await resolution of medial tibia tenderness before allowing return to sport in @entity17089 @entity1 .

title: Medial tibial XXXX pressure threshold algometry in runners.

entities_list: @entity17089 :: ('MESH:D058923', 'Disease') :: ['medial tibial stress syndrome', 'MTSS']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Decision models for surveillance of @entity355 ( @entity355 ) are governed by the grade of @entity1141 on endoscopic biopsy, but subjective grading is prone to observer variation. Computerized morphometry and immunoquantitation can objectively discriminate between different grades of @entity1141 in oesophagectomy specimens with @entity355 . The present study evaluated the feasibility of such quantitative analysis on surveillance biopsies of @entity355 . Biopsy criteria for quantitative analysis were defined, excluding 101 (21%) of 472 archival @entity355 surveillance biopsies. In the remaining @entity6175 and @entity1711 (H_E) sections, 105 areas that distinctively displayed @entity1141 ( @entity1141 ), @entity258 ( @entity258 ) or high-grade @entity1141 (HGD) were demarcated. Agreement on double-blind examination by two experienced pathologists was reached in 66 areas (63%; kappa: 0.44). For 21 @entity1141 / @entity258 and 11 @entity258 /HGD disagreement areas, corresponding sections for @entity876 and Ki67 immunohistochemistry were available. The best combination of two discriminating features was stratification index (SI) with @entity876 area % for @entity1141 versus @entity258 (89% correct classification), and SI with Ki67 area % for @entity258 versus HGD (91% correct classification). Fifteen of the 21 @entity1141 / @entity258 disagreement areas could be classified uniquely as either @entity1141 or @entity258 by SI and @entity876 , and eight of the 11 @entity258 /HGD disagreement areas as either @entity258 or HGD by SI and Ki67. Correlation coefficients for repeated measurements of SI, Ki67, and @entity876 by the same observer were 0.94, 0.92, and 0.86, and by two independent observers 0.86, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively. Computerized quantitative pathology on @entity355 surveillance biopsies is feasible provided that well-defined biopsy criteria are used. Using a combination of features associated with cellular differentiation and proliferation, such as SI, @entity876 , and Ki67, quantitative pathological analysis assists in reducing diagnostic variability in the grading of @entity1141 during surveillance of @entity355 .

title: Computerized quantitative pathology for the grading of @entity1141 in surveillance biopsies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus", 'BO']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LGD', 'low-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['no dysplasia', 'dysplasia', 'ND']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's oesophagus']


abstract: Regulatory agencies must develop fish consumption advisories for many lakes and rivers with limited resources. Process-based mathematical models are potentially valuable tools for developing regional fish advisories. The regional @entity349 cycling model (R- @entity21212 ) specifically was designed to model a series of lakes for a given region with site-specific data and parameterization for each application. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of R- @entity21212 application to develop regional fish advisories from existing data by testing model performance across 91 Vermont ([VT], USA) and New Hampshire ([NH], USA) lakes. We use a progressive method of parameter refinement ranging from simple defaults specified by the model to site-specific parameterization to evaluate potential improvements in model prediction. Model applications and parameter refinement tiers are based on Regional Environmental Monitoring Assessment Program (REMAP) data. Results show that R- @entity21212 generally underpredicts water column @entity5165 and total @entity349 concentrations and overpredicts sediment @entity5165 concentrations. Default level input parameterization produced the largest amount of random scatter in model forecasted values. Using site-specific values for the default level characteristics reduced this variability but did not improve overall model performance. By separating the observed and predicted data by lake characteristics, we identify some overall trends in bias and fit, but are unable to identify systematic biases in model performance by lake type. This analysis suggests that process-based models like R- @entity21212 cannot be used for a priori predictive applications at the regional scale at this time. Further, this work reinforces the need for additional research on the transport and transformation of @entity349 to elucidate parameterization useable in a modeling framework to help refine predictive capabilities of process-based models.

title: Evaluating regional predictive capacity of a process-based @entity349 exposure model, regional- XXXX cycling model, applied to 91 Vermont and New Hampshire lakes and ponds, USA.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: Intracranial @entity2698 are @entity5 . Consequently, resection of these @entity5 must occasionally be stopped owing to profuse @entity548 . We report two cases of large intracranial @entity2698 whose resection had to be stopped owing not to @entity548 but to @entity4 . These @entity1 were treated with large doses of barbiturate until the intracranial pressure had normalized. After preoperative irradiation therapy, the @entity41 were easily removed without serious complications. We speculate that the brain tissue around a large @entity2698 might be under @entity63 because of long-standing compression and deviation of blood to the @entity5 . A large amount of blood flowing into these brain tissues due to external and internal decompression inverts cerebral perfusion acutely from @entity63 to @entity450 . The @entity4 in the early operative stage would be evoked by this "inverted @entity1779 ". We found that @entity4 is sometimes encountered during the resection of a large @entity2698 even in the early operative stage. If swelling occurs, @entity5 resection should be stopped immediately and intracranial pressure should be controlled. The @entity41 can then be easily removed without complications after preoperative irradiation therapy.

title: [Two cases of an intracranial large @entity2698 associated with XXXX in the early operative stage].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytomas', 'hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypervascular tumor', 'tumor', 'hypervascular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hyperemia']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['brain swelling']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Obesity is a major concern in @entity1 treated for @entity976 and is caused by @entity16 . The role of aggressive surgical removal has been questioned, leading some authors to recommend a minimalist approach. In order to test this hypothesis, we decided to study @entity28 in @entity976 and the factors related to it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively our series of pediatric @entity976 operated since 1981. The body-mass index (BMI) was calculated for each @entity1 pre- and at several intervals postoperatively and expressed as @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS: We operated on 45 cases, which were followed up for a mean duration of 11.0 years. Initial resection was total in 25 cases (55.6%). No @entity1 died because of surgery or @entity5 progression; two died with delay presumably because of endocrine failure. At last control, 28 @entity1 (62%) had @entity28 (BMI over +2SD). @entity1640 involvement was significantly correlated with preoperative and postoperative BMI. @entity5 resection was significantly associated with @entity28 at last control. Reoperation for @entity5 recurrence was associated with a significantly higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity28 results from @entity1640 caused by the @entity5 rather than by surgery. The postoperative weight gain appears to result from the continued impact of preoperative @entity16 . The high rate of @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 , with the risk of additional damage to the hypothalamus, incites us to recommend total resection whenever it appears safe during initial surgery.

title: @entity976 and @entity28 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'standard deviations']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Subtotal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic', 'hypothalamic lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic damage']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this retrospective study is the analysis of the success rate of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in our group of @entity1 with @entity1605 . METHODOLOGY: The study of the group was carried out during 14 years, i.e. from November 1994 to December 2008. It retrospectively evaluates 120 @entity1 with @entity1605 . RESULTS: A cannulation success rate of 90.8% (109 of 120 @entity1 ) was reached in performing ERCP in 120 @entity1 with @entity1605 . There were normal ERCP results in 4 @entity1 . ERCP results in the remaining 105 @entity1 were pathological. Endoscopic treatment was started in all of these 105 @entity1 immediately after diagnostic ERCP. Overall, therapeutic ERCP was completely successful in 91 of 105 @entity1 (86.66%) who were originally treated with endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: ERCP in @entity1 with @entity1605 is much more demanding in contrast with standard procedure due to different postoperative anatomy. ERCP success is determined mainly by great personal experience and skillfulness of the endoscopist. ERCP performed lege artis in @entity1 with @entity1605 is a highly effective and safe method where the success rate reached can be almost the same as in a normal anatomical situation.

title: Pitfalls of pancreatobiliary endoscopy after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Billroth II gastrectomy']

answer: @entity1605 :: (OMIM:217000,Disease) :: ['Billroth II gastrectomy']


abstract: Organ cultures of @entity1 skin were incubated for 8 days under growth factor-free conditions or exposed to 10 ng ml(-1) of @entity1 recombinant @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) during the incubation period. Normal histological features were preserved in the absence of growth factor, while epithelial cells underwent a proliferative response and invaded the underlying stroma in the presence of exogenous @entity4179 . The same concentrations of @entity4179 that induced stromal invasion also resulted in up-regulation of @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ; 92-kD gelatinase B) in organ culture and keratinocyte monolayer culture, and expression of @entity3334 (interstitial collagenase) in organ culture and fibroblast monolayer culture. When skin organ cultures were exposed to a potent, irreversible @entity4179 -receptor @entity669 kinase ( @entity4179 -RTK) antagonist along with @entity4179 , abnormal histological features were reversed, and @entity1495 production was suppressed. In contrast, @entity4179 -RKT antagonism had only a modest inhibitory effect on @entity3334 production. Culture fluid from keratinocytes grown in monolayer culture stimulated fibroblast proliferation and @entity3334 elaboration. Treatment of fibroblasts with the same @entity4179 -RTK antagonist inhibited keratinocyte-induced fibroblast proliferation but had only a modest inhibitory effect (approximately 20% inhibition) on @entity3334 production. In contrast, treatment of dermal fibroblasts with @entity1193 had no effect on keratinocyte-induced fibroblast growth but strongly inhibited @entity3334 production (greater than 70% inhibition). These data indicate that stromal invasion by epithelial cells in @entity4179 -treated skin is associated with events occurring in both the epidermis and dermis. The direct effect of the exogenous growth factor appears to be primarily on the epidermis. Dermal events reflect, at least in part, a response to factors elaborated in the epidermis.

title: Induction of @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ) during epidermal invasion of the stroma in @entity1 skin organ culture: keratinocyte stimulation of fibroblast XXXX production.

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3334 :: (4312,Gene) :: ['MMP-1']


abstract: Objectives: We aimed to identify the causative mutation for siblings in a Korean family with @entity3491 ( @entity393 ) and @entity15902 ( @entity15902 ). The siblings were a 19-year-old female with bilateral profound @entity393 and an 11-year-old male with bilateral moderately severe @entity393 . Methods: We extracted genomic DNA from blood samples of the siblings with @entity393 , their parents, and 100 controls. We performed mutation analysis for @entity6361 using direct sequencing. Results: The two siblings were compound heterozygotes with the novel mutation @entity46350 and the previously described mutation @entity20972 . Their parents had heterozygous mono-allelic mutations. Father had @entity46350 mutation as heterozygous, and mother had @entity20972 mutation as heterozygous. However, novel mutation @entity46350 was not detected in 100 unrelated controls. Conclusion: Both mutations identified in this study were located in the @entity597 transporter and anti-sigma factor antagonist domain, the core region for membrane targeting of SulP/SLC26 anion transporters, which strongly suggests that failure in membrane trafficking by @entity6361 is a direct cause of @entity393 in this family. Our study could therefore provide a foundation for further investigations elucidating the @entity6361 -related mechanisms of @entity393 .

title: A Novel Frameshift Mutation of XXXX in a Korean Family With @entity3491 and @entity15902 .

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity15902 :: ('MESH:C566366', 'Disease') :: ['EVA', 'enlarged vestibular aqueduct']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity6361 :: (5172,Gene) :: ['SLC26A4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pure arm monoparesis is an uncommon presentation of @entity64 . Localization of the lesions is variable, including cortical, @entity4798 . No particular risk factors or unifying mechanisms have been clearly identified. METHODS: Seven @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ) presented with isolated @entity425 and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) documented an @entity1188 in the precentral gyrus. All were evaluated for @entity64 risk factors, had telemetry monitoring, transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the head and neck. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed in three cases. Hyper-coagulable work-up was performed in one case. Trans-cranial Doppler was performed in one case. RESULTS: Mean age was 73 years (range 55-88 years). Arm weakness in all @entity1 was ranging from mild (-5/5) to moderate (2/5) and was predominantly distal (without @entity912 ). None of the @entity1 complained of limb @entity158 . @entity1188 affected one gyrus (5/7) or, less often, 2 adjacent gyri (2/7), along the most distal aspect of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Risk factors included @entity101 (6/7), @entity6 (2/7), @entity407 (7/7), smoking (1/7) and prior @entity4905 / @entity64 (3/7). The mechanisms of @entity385 were determined to be large artery @entity731 (2/5), cardioembolic (2/5), other determined etiology [hypoperfusion (1/5)] and undetermined etiology (2/5). CONCLUSIONS: Our series of @entity1 with small cortical @entity1188 and pure motor @entity425 show heterogeneous etiologies of @entity64 mechanisms and related long term outcomes. The risk factors appear to distribute as in most @entity64 populations, without a pattern specific to this unusual clinical presentation.

title: Pure motor upper limb weakness and @entity1188 in the precentral gyrus: mechanisms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical or deep brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-lipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['arm weakness']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'Infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain or sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity1869 is an endometrial pathologic condition often found at perimenopausal age. Abnormal uterine bleeding (A.U.B.) is the most frequent symptom of @entity1869 . The combination of hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy is the most suitable approach for the diagnosis of @entity1869 in symptomatic @entity1 . We have studied endometrial modifications due to LHRH-analogue in 75 @entity1 with AUB and with a hysteroscopic and histologic picture of low-risk @entity1869 . LHRH analogue is a valid treatment for all @entity172 induced pathologies, because of its suppressive action on hypothalamic-hypophysary gonadotropins. The administration of LHRH for 4 months induced an improvement of the menstrual cycle within the first month of treatment in 53.3% of cases. At the end of treatment 100% of the @entity1 were in @entity2588 . The hysteroscopic follow-up at 3 months showed an endometrial thinning with a tendency to hypoatrophy of the mucosa in 72% of cases. Three months after the end of treatment 20 @entity1 had regular menstrual cycles and hysteroscopic and a histologic picture of normal endometrium. Only 30 @entity1 had persistent @entity2588 with a consequent hysteroscopic and histologic picture of @entity1478 . The use of LHRH analogue seems to have a great impact on the management of @entity172 -dependent gynaecological benign diseases.

title: Low-risk XXXX : hysteroscopy and histologic evaluation after treatment with LH-RH analogue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hypoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial hyperplasia', 'endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity134 -resistant renal allograft rejections are commonly treated with rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG), but alemtuzumab could be an effective, safe and more convenient alternative. Adult @entity1 with @entity134 -resistant renal allograft rejection treated with alemtuzumab (15-30 mg s.c. on 2 subsequent days) from 2008 to 2012 (n = 11) were compared to @entity1 treated with RATG (2.5-4.0 mg/kg bodyweight i.v. for 10-14 days; n = 20). We assessed treatment-failure (graft loss, lack of improvement of graft function or need for additional anti-rejection treatment), @entity281 during the first 3 months after treatment and infusion-related side effects. In both groups, the median time-interval between rejection and transplantation was 2 weeks, and approximately 75% of rejections were classified as Banff-IIA or higher. Three alemtuzumab-treated @entity1 (27%) experienced treatment failure, compared to eight RATG treated @entity1 (40%, p = 0.70). There was no difference in the incidence of @entity281 . There were mild infusion-related side-effects in three alemtuzumab-treated @entity1 (27%), and more severe infusion-related side effects in 17 RATG-treated @entity1 (85%, p = 0.013). Drug related costs of alemtuzumab-treatment were lower than of RATG-treatment (   1050 vs.    2024; p < 0.01). Alemtuzumab might be an effective therapy for @entity134 -resistant renal allograft rejections. In contrast to RATG, alemtuzumab is nearly devoid of infusion-related side-effects. These data warrant a prospective trial.

title: Treatment of XXXX -resistant acute renal allograft rejection with alemtuzumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficiency of @entity1211 prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) has not been established in non surgical @entity1 , so their official preventive use has been limited in France since 1995 to surgery. However, a survey conducted in 5 university hospitals in non surgical @entity1 showed that 21-29% of @entity1 still received a LMWH prescription. It seemed necessary to define the medical conditions for which the practical use of these heparins would be justified. We contacted external experts to obtain a consensus by using the Delphi method. METHODS: The Delphi method, created by the "Rand Corporation" in the USA and used in medicine since the nineteen seventies, is based on a light logistic, with questionnaires been sent by mail with a feed-back report A total of 48 experts were chosen by local staff teams in the 5 hospitals. For the 3 rounds, from March to October 1998, questions were devised by a multicentred staff team. RESULTS: Among the 48 experts contacted, 32 completed the 3 questionnaires, 7 of them did for 2, and 43 did for at least one questionnaire. The experts first defined a list of 12 risk or high risk situations and 11 aggravating factors. For any high risk situation, prescription is justified. For other cases, 2 risk situations are required, or one risk situation with at least 2 aggravating factors, to justify a prescription. If no risk situation is present, prescription is, according to experts, usually not justified. CONCLUSION: The maximal agreement defines the situations in which one use of low molecular weight heparins is proposed to prevent @entity1150 in non surgical inpatients, in most current hospital situations and for more than 24 hours of hospitalization. Clinical trials are needed, to validate their effectiveness and define the optimal dose in these indications. To date, epidemiological studies should be conducted to evaluate the experts proposals by estimating risk factors for @entity1150 .

title: [Prevention of XXXX in a non-surgical medical ward. Proposed indications for low molecular weight heparin].

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity2333 , including dilatation of the proximal aorta, is higher in @entity1 with @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ) compared with healthy female control subjects, but there are no data regarding the prospective evaluation of aortic dimensions in this syndrome. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the: (1) prevalence of @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) and proximal thoracic aorta enlargement by 2-dimensional echocardiography; and (2) evolution of aortic diameters over time. METHODS: In all, 78 @entity1 with kariotypically proven @entity2689 (mean age 21.5 +/- 9 years) underwent a 2-dimensional echocardiographic study of the proximal thoracic aorta at baseline and yearly thereafter, during a median follow-up period of 37 months (25th-75th percentile: 25-51). We investigated the @entity2333 , sinotubular aortic junction, and tubular portion of the ascending thoracic aorta. Linearity of the relationship between @entity2333 dimensions and body surface area allowed us to use Roman nomograms to identify @entity1 with or without an enlarged @entity2333 . RESULTS: At baseline, 62 of 78 @entity1 (80%) presented normal @entity2333 dimensions compared with 16 of 78 (20%) with @entity384 . Mean @entity2333 diameter was 24.5 +/- 3.6 versus 30.9 +/- 4.6 mm (P = .0001), sinotubular aortic junction was 18.0 +/- 4.0 versus 21.7 +/- 5.2 mm (P = .015), and ascending thoracic aorta was 21.1 +/- 4.1 versus 26.6 +/- 6.0 mm, respectively (P = .003). The incidence of @entity384 was similar in @entity1 younger than 18 years or 18 years and older. During follow-up, we observed a similar significant, albeit minor, increase in aortic diameters in all @entity1 . However, the absolute entity of this increase was not clinically relevant. @entity4269 at birth was the only significant clinical variable observed more frequently in @entity1 with @entity2333 compared with those with normal @entity2333 . CONCLUSIONS: Proximal aortic dimensions in @entity1 with @entity2689 did not change rapidly in our medium-term follow-up study. The progression of @entity2333 dimensions was similar in @entity1 with (20%) or without baseline @entity384 . Age did not affect the pattern and evolution of @entity2333 in @entity2689 .

title: Prospective evaluation of aortic dimensions in XXXX : a 2-dimensional echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['AR dilatation']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease', 'AR enlargement', 'aortic root', 'AR']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are fewer @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ) in Korea compared with Western countries. The incidence of @entity354 has increased in recent years however, concerning many physicians. Here, we report our early experiences of using a recently introduced method of laparoscopic antireflux surgery for the treatment of @entity354 in Korean @entity1 . METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity354 were treated using antireflux surgery between May 2009 and February 2012 at the University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with 360   wrapping was performed on all @entity1 . RESULTS: Eleven male and four female @entity1 were evaluated and treated with an average age of 58.1    14.1 years. The average surgical time was 118.9    45.1 minutes, and no complications presented during surgery. After surgery, the reflux symptoms of each @entity1 were resolved; only two @entity1 developed transient @entity1282 , which resolved within one month. One @entity1 developed a 6-cm hiatal hernia that had to be repaired and reinforced using mesh. CONCLUSION: The use of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of @entity354 is safe and feasible. It is also an efficacious method for controlling the symptoms of @entity354 in Korean @entity1 . However, the use of this surgery still needs to be standardized (e.g., type of surgery, bougienage size, wrap length) and the long-term outcomes need to be evaluated.

title: Early experiences of minimally invasive surgery to treat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: Total secretory IgA and specific anti-antigen E (AgE) antibodies (ab) in the IgA and IgG classes were measured in concentrated nasal washings from ragweed @entity56 and normal individuals by antigen binding or anti-alpha-radioimmunoassays. Virtually all the @entity56 @entity1 had significant IgA (45/49) and IgG (46/49) ab to AgE in their nasal washings. By contrast, washings from most normal @entity1 contained no measurable IgA (13/15) ab or IgG (13/15) ab to AgE. The total IgA levels in @entity56 washings were not significantly different from those in normal washings and they were used to standardize the ab measurements. Parenteral immunotherapy with ragweed extract increased specific nasal IgA ab from 10.6 +/- 2.7 (SEM) to 39.0 +/- 8.7 ng AgE bound/mg IgA and IgG ab from 17.2 +/- 2.6 to 65.1 +/- 7.4 ng AgE bound/mg IgA (P less than 0.001 for both classes). The ratio of IgA:IgG ab was not affected by therapy, and for treated @entity1 , there was no correlation (rs + 0.32, P greater than 0.1) between nasal IgG ab and serum IgG ab. These results suggest that at least part of the nasal IgG ab is produced locally. Blocking activity in the nasal washings was measured by inhibition of @entity112 release and was found to correlate directly (rs + 0.85, P less than 0.001) with binding activity for AgE. Some washings from normal @entity1 caused slight inhibition of @entity112 release but others caused enhancement. Nasal washings were fractionated by passage over Sephadex G-200. Inhibition of @entity112 release by dilutions of the IgA-rich and IgG-rich fractions correlated well with binding activity in these fractions. None of these results support the hypothesis that @entity56 individuals are deficient in secretory IgA or secretory ab responses. These results, however, are in keeping with the theory that hay @entity221 occurs in a high-responder population which is genetically able to respond to low doses of inhalant antigens.

title: IgA and IgG anti-ragweed antibodies in nasal secretions. Quantitative measurements of antibodies and correlation with inhibition of XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Neonatal pyogenic hepatic abscess in preterm @entity1 is a rare entity. We present 6 cases of neonatal liver abscesses diagnosed in our hospital as well as an approach that will facilitate the early diagnosis and management of neonatal pyogenic @entity5572 based on our case series and review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of case records of all 6 @entity1 diagnosed with neonatal @entity5572 from January 2000 to December 2002 in KK @entity1 's and @entity1 's Hospital, Singapore. RESULTS: All neonates were premature with gestational ages between 24 and 34 weeks. Persistence of positive blood culture despite appropriate antibiotic treatment in 67% of the cases prompted use of hepatobiliary ultrasounds to detect @entity5572 . Surgical @entity5572 was performed in 33% of the cases, with the remainder treated conservatively with appropriate intravenous antibiotics. Half of the @entity1 recovered with resolution of their @entity5572 on serial hepatobiliary ultrasound. The other half died of fulminant @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal pyogenic @entity5572 , though rare, is associated with good outcome if diagnosed promptly and appropriate treatment instituted. In a preterm @entity1 with @entity295 , a high index of suspicion is required if there is persistence of positive blood culture despite appropriate antibiotic treatment, and hepatobiliary ultrasound should be done to detect and monitor neonatal @entity5572 .

title: Neonatal hepatic abscess in preterm XXXX :a rare entity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess', 'drainage of liver abscess']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']