abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic India ink marking techniques are often used for the intraoperative location of @entity1586 and early stage @entity5 . The aim of this study was to compare how effective this technique is compared with conventional localization methods, as well as its influence on the results of colorectal laparoscopy (LSCRC) for endoscopically advanced @entity5 . METHODS: From January 2003 to January 2005, 47 @entity1 with @entity14 were included in the study. In one group, lesions were localized preoperatively by endoscopic India ink tattooing (n = 21; tattooed group, TG), while conventional methods were used in the others (n = 26; non-tattooed group, NTG). @entity1 ' perioperative clinical and pathoanatomical data were prospectively collected. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), technique performed, @entity5 size and proportion of @entity1 who had previous abdominal surgery. Three @entity1 presented ink spillage without clinical repercussions. Visualization of the correct resection site was higher in the TG (100% vs. 80.8%, P = 0.03). Operative time (147.3 +/- 46.2 vs. 187.0 +/- 52.7 minutes, P = 0.02) and @entity190 (99.3 +/- 82.8 vs. 163.6 +/- 96.6 cc, P = 0.03) were lower in the TG. There were no differences between groups regarding peristalsis, introduction of oral intake, hospital stay or intra- and postoperative complication rates. No differences were observed amongst pathoanatomical data studied. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative endoscopic tattooing is a safe and effective technique for intraoperative localization of advanced @entity14 , improving the operative results of LSCRC.

title: The use of preoperative endoscopic tattooing in laparoscopic @entity14 surgery for endoscopically advanced XXXX : a prospective comparative clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that surfactant replacement would be beneficial in the acid-aspiration model of @entity647 . @entity5828 (0.1 N, 2 ml/kg) was injected into the @entity825 of excised @entity95 lungs (n = 8). Control lungs (n = 4) had no intervention. All were perfused with Tyrode's solution mixed 1:1 with autologous whole blood at 40 ml/min/kg for 30 min, and then degassed. A modified natural surfactant (Survanta, Ross Laboratories) was then injected into the @entity825 of four lungs injured with @entity5828 (100 mg/kg at 25 mg/ml). Two quasi-static pressure-volume curves were determined. The mean alveolar pressures at 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% of TLC were greater in the @entity5828 group than in the control group (p less than 0.05). However, no difference was observed between the control lungs and those that received @entity5828 + Survanta. In 13 anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated @entity95 , deflation pressure-volume curves were determined from TLC to FRC (measured by helium dilution). Then, 0.1 N @entity5828 (3 ml/kg) was injected into the @entity825 and, in seven, Survanta was instilled 5 min later. The mean alveolar pressures at 60, 70, 80, and 90% TLC were higher at 15 and 60 min in the @entity5828 group compared with their pre- @entity5828 time point (p less than 0.05). In the @entity5828 + @entity52827 group, no differences were seen at 15 min, and only slight increased were seen at 60 min. No effect of surfactant replacement on arterial blood gases was observed. @entity5828 aspiration increased recoil in both excised and in vivo lungs, and surfactant replacement with Survanta returned recoil to normal.

title: Surfactant replacement improves lung recoil in XXXX lungs after acid aspiration.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Embolic protection devices (EPDs) consisting of an internal carotid artery (ICA) filter or @entity432 are typically used during @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ). This study compares the technical difficulties encountered using these two types of @entity1923 . METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of @entity1 undergoing @entity2998 using a @entity432 @entity1923 (balloon group: PercuSurge GuardWire) or filter @entity1923 (filter group: Accunet, AngioGuard, or FilterWire). Complications were defined as @entity64 , National Institutes of Health (NIH) @entity64 scale <3; major @entity64 , NIH @entity64 scale > or =3; @entity63 ( @entity63 ), reversible focal @entity16 ; technical, reversible neurologic compromise during @entity1923 deployment, @entity2998 requiring treatment, @entity1923 -related factors that prolonged @entity2998 . RESULTS: @entity2998 (n = 141) was performed in 133 @entity1 (82% @entity1 ) with a mean age of 72 of years. Comorbidities included @entity6 , 35%; @entity453 , 75%; @entity101 , 82%; and @entity177 , 15%. Indication was previous cerebrovascular accident in 10%, @entity63 in 29%, and asymptomatic >80% stenosis in 61%. Primary lesions were treated in 83% vs restenosis in 17%. The 30-day event rate was 1.4% major @entity64 , 2.1% minor stoke, 1.4% @entity583 , and 0.7% @entity204 . The overall combined 30-day @entity64 , @entity204 , and @entity583 rate was 5.6%. The 30-day @entity64 and @entity204 rate was 4.0% in the balloon group (n = 99) and 4.6% in the filter group (n = 42, P = .51). @entity1923 -related technical difficulties occurred in 15% of the balloon group and 31% of the filter group (P < .05). Technical difficulties included a 10% incidence of reversible neurologic compromise during balloon deployment compared with 0% in the filter group (P = .002) and 12% incidence of inability to cross the lesion before predilation in the filter group compared with 0% in the balloon group (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: During @entity2998 , both @entity432 and filter devices provide acceptable results and appear complimentary. Filters can be used preferentially to avoid a 10% incidence of reversible neurologic compromise associated with @entity432 , except in critically narrowed or @entity75 when @entity432 may be preferred because of a 12% need for unprotected predilatation with filters.

title: Comparison of embolization protection device-specific technical difficulties during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'minor stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tortuous lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['inability to cross lesion, ICA spasm', 'carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['balloon occlusion']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenting']


abstract: In @entity5 @entity1 , @entity66 is recognized as the 2nd most common complication involving the central nervous system. Once @entity5 occurs in @entity64 @entity1 , or vice versa, neurological outcomes significantly worsen and prognosis tends to be poor. Perioperative @entity64 after noncardiac, nonneurosurgical procedures is more common than generally acknowledged. It is reported to have an incidence of 0.05~7.4% of @entity1 . "The analysis of @entity2 registry for resected cases in 1994", jointly established by the Japan Lung Cancer Society and the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery, reported a 2.4% frequency of @entity66 . @entity66 is an unavoidable comorbidity for thoracic surgeons. Most are thrombotic in origin and are noted after discharge from the postanesthetic care unit. The mortality is more than 2 times greater than in strokes occurring outside the hospital. Delayed diagnosis and a synergistic interaction between the inflammatory changes normally associated with @entity64 , and those normally occurring after surgery, may explain this increase. Emergency non-contrast scanning of the brain is the primary diagnostic brain imaging study for evaluation of @entity1 with suspected @entity64 , and the goal is to complete the computer tomography examination within 25 min of the provisional diagnosis being made.

title: [Thoracic surgery when the @entity1 have XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease', 'Cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential analgesic effect of epidural @entity1667 (MP) after posterolateral thoracotomy (PLT). Adult male @entity1 undergoing PLT for lung surgery were included in a prospective, randomized, double blind study. Peroperative @entity1337 ( @entity1341 plus @entity681 ) was given by a thoracic epidural catheter associated with general anaesthesia. After surgery, @entity1 received either @entity7454 mg kg(-1) followed by a continuous epidural infusion of @entity7454 .5 mg kg(-1) during 48 h (MP group) or 0.9% saline as a bolus injection and continuous epidural infusion (P group). Additional @entity1286 @entity1337 was administered by i.v. @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 . @entity158 was assessed at rest and with mobilization every 4 h after operation during 48 h with a visual analogue scale (VAS). The primary end-point was the total @entity1286 requirements during the 48 first postoperative hour. Twenty-four @entity1 were allocated to MP (n=12) and P (n=12) groups. Characteristics of the two groups were similar. There were no differences between groups for @entity1286 requirements (median and interquartile range) during the 48 h: 59 mg (40-78) in MP group vs 65 mg (59-93) in P group. There were no differences between groups for @entity1286 requirements every 4 h during the 48 h and VAS for @entity158 at rest and evoked @entity158 . No side effects were reported. It was concluded in this small study that these results did not support the use of epidural @entity230 for postoperative @entity1337 after PLT.

title: Postoperative analgesia by epidural XXXX after posterolateral thoracotomy.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: A report on the long-term follow up of the first cooperative Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study in @entity2828 of bone is presented. Fifty-two previously untreated @entity1 entered the study between 1984 and 1990. Half of the @entity5 were located in the extremities and one quarter in the pelvis. The combined modality treatment consisted of 5 cycles of chemotherapy--including @entity1891 , @entity1499 , @entity632 , @entity786 , @entity1732 and @entity4316 . The first two cycles were followed by local resection or amputation in 35 @entity1 and by radiotherapy alone in 17 @entity1 . When surgery was not performed, was incomplete or yielded poor margins radiotherapy was given at a dose of 40-60 Gy. @entity5 relapses developed in 10 @entity1 and in all but one @entity1 were accompanied by @entity3 . Five @entity1 had @entity3 at diagnosis and distant metastases developed after primary treatment in 27 @entity1 after a median of 14 months. The median follow-up time for the 20 surviving @entity1 is 10 years. At 5 years the @entity5 -related survival was 46% and the @entity3 -free survival 43%. Late @entity5 relapses occurred in 4 @entity1 , which reduced the 10-year @entity5 related survival to 41% and the @entity3 -free survival to 38%. @entity5 response correlated with survival with 5-year @entity3 -free survival rates of 73% for the good responders and 35% for the poor responders.

title: XXXX treatment in Scandinavia 1984-1990--ten-year results of the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Protocol SSGIV.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Histopathological tumour', 'Local tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: Fatigue is a very complex phenomenon. It has been described as a major distressing symptom in @entity5 @entity1 . It is a multidimensional experience that focuses not only on biochemical or pathophysiological causes, but also involves psychological and behavioural aspects. Until today, measurement of @entity1295 has been a neglected topic in medicine and nursing and a nihilistic attitude still prevails. The lack of valid, reliable tools of measurement is one of the problems inhibiting further research. Only recently has quality-of-life research begun to acknowledge this phenomenon and include @entity1295 in assessment. In this study, @entity1295 was measured and explored in @entity5 @entity1 @entity5 @entity1 and in healthy individuals. A clear distinction evolved between "healthy" @entity1295 in healthy individuals and "unhealthy" @entity1295 in @entity5 @entity1 , where the impact of @entity1295 was far more negative. Characteristic @entity1295 profiles underlined these findings. The new @entity227 , to measure @entity1295 four times daily, proved to be very useful. Further research is needed to develop therapeutic strategies and to support the @entity1 who have to cope with this distressing symptom.

title: @entity5 and @entity5 XXXX and in healthy individuals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-analogue fatigue scale']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have shown that bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) support growth and differentiation of haemopoietic progenitors in vitro by elaboration of haemopoietic cytokines. Since generation of eosinophils can be observed in these coculture experiments, and BMEC do not produce @entity2772 , we evaluated BMEC for expression of @entity225 , a specific growth factor for the eosinophilic lineage. Using RT-PCR, @entity225 mRNA was expressed by BMEC after stimulation (12 h) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), @entity1192 , @entity1199 and @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), but not by resting BMEC, after stimulation with @entity310 or @entity379 . Moreover, @entity379 suppressed expression of @entity225 in response to LPS and @entity1199 . The identity of the PCR products was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, which resulted in fragments of the predicted size. T lymphocytes were not present in the endothelial cultures as demonstrated by absence of @entity3138 mRNA. Using a sensitive (1 pg/ml) ELISA assay. @entity225 was detected after 48 h incubation of BMEC with @entity1199 (4.1 pg/10(6) cells) or with a combination of LPS and @entity1199 (4.8 pg). However, the number of eosinophils generated after 4 weeks coculture of @entity2280 + haemopoietic cells with BMEC was not increased by addition of @entity1199 . RT-PCR revealed that BMEC in coculture with haemopoietic cells expressed @entity225 even without addition of exogenous cytokines or stimulating agents. In conclusion, expression of @entity225 by BMEC can be stimulated by cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 ), LPS, PMA, and coculture with proliferating haemopoietic cells. Thus, BMEC may support proliferation and differentiation of eosinophils in the bone marrow. @entity379 represents a cytokine with an inhibitory effect on @entity225 expression by BMEC. In addition, @entity1712 in response to circulating @entity1199 or bacterial products (LPS) in vivo may be partially mediated by BMEC or vascular endothelium.

title: Expression of XXXX by human bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells: implications for the regulation of eosinophilopoiesis in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity225 :: (3567,Gene) :: ['interleukin-5']


abstract: The relationship between expression of extracellular matrix degradative enzymes, angiogenesis and survival of multistage @entity150 was determined. Expression of 3 extracellular matrix degradative enzymes ( @entity10464 ) and microvessel formation were examined in 40 resected @entity150 specimens by immunohistostochemic staining, and then the association of the enzyme expression with angiogenesis and various stages of @entity5 was investigated. @entity10464 protein expression in muscular invasive or lymph-node @entity5 was significantly higher than in superficial or nonmetastatic @entity5 , respectively (69% vs. 8%, p < 0.001, and 80% vs. 40%, p = 0.028, respectively). Interestingly, @entity10464 was expressed at much higher levels than @entity5379 . The mean microvessel count in @entity5 with @entity10464 expression was significantly higher than that in @entity5 without @entity10464 expression (32.3 +/- 18.2 vs. 5.5 +/- 6.1, p = 0.0008). The microvessel formation was not associated with the expression of @entity5379 . The @entity5 -specific and overall survival rates of @entity1 with @entity10464 expression were significantly lower than those of @entity1 without it (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0008, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity10464 expression was a significantly independent prognostic factor for both @entity5 -specific (p = 0.0047) and overall survival (p = 0.0200). Our study suggested that @entity10464 plays important roles in invasion, angiogenesis and @entity3 of @entity150 , and thus, this molecule could be a new molecule to inhibit invasion, angiogenesis and @entity3 of @entity150 . Moreover, our results indicate that expression of @entity10464 could be a new prognostic factor of this disease.

title: Expression of three extracellular matrix degradative enzymes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5379 :: ('4313;4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity10464 :: ('10855', 'Gene') :: ['heparanase', 'metalloproteinase-2, -9 and heparanase', 'Heparanase']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Estimation of the orifice area is of major importance in the timing of @entity384 or surgery in @entity1 with @entity4794 . Determination of the area has traditionally been accomplished at cardiac catheterization by the Gorlin equation. The valve area can also be estimated noninvasively with Doppler echocardiographic measurements of the pressure half-time, which is inversely proportional to the area. This method has gained widespread acceptance, but its accuracy has recently been questioned and factors other than reduction of orifice area appear to modify the pressure half-time. In the present study, the influence of left @entity67 (defined as diastolic pressure rise per milliliter of mitral flow) and peak atrioventricular pressure difference on the pressure half-time was examined both in a hydraulic model and by review of data from 35 @entity1 with @entity4794 . Left @entity67 less than 0.13 mm Hg/ml was considered normal. In the model study, the orifice area correlated only moderately with inverted pressure half-time (1/PHT) (r = 0.67). By multiple linear regression, inverted pressure half-time was shown to be dependent on valve area, chamber stiffness and peak pressure difference (R = 0.89), area and stiffness being most important (R = 0.85). In the clinical study, an increased @entity67 was found in 22 of the 35 @entity1 . The pressure half-time method overestimated the Gorlin-derived area by an average of 72% in these @entity1 compared with only 10% in 13 @entity1 with normal stiffness (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reassessment of valve area determinations in XXXX by the pressure half-time method: impact of left @entity67 and peak diastolic pressure difference.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['valve dilation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity425 commonly associated with @entity626 is widely believed to result from disuse atrophy secondary to @entity158 in the involved joint. However, @entity425 may be an etiologic factor in the development of @entity571 . OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation between @entity425 and @entity626 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional prevalence study. SETTING: Population-based, with recruitment by random-digit dialing. @entity1 : 462 volunteers 65 years of age or older. MEASUREMENTS: Radiographs of the knee were graded for the presence of @entity571 . Knee @entity158 and function were assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, the strength of leg flexors and extensors was assessed with isokinetic dynamometry, and lower-extremity lean tissue mass was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with @entity571 , @entity425 , but not hamstring weakness, was common. The ratio of extensor strength to body weight was approximately 20% lower in those with than in those without radiographic @entity571 . Notably, among @entity1 with @entity571 , @entity425 was present in the absence of knee @entity158 and was seen in @entity1 with normal lower-extremity lean mass (extensor strength, 30.1 lb-ft for those with @entity571 and 34.8 lb-ft for those without @entity571 ; P < 0.001). After adjustment for body weight, age, and sex, lesser quadriceps strength remained predictive of both radiographic and symptomatic @entity626 (odds ratio for prevalence of @entity571 per 10 lb-ft loss of strength, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.71 to 0.90] for radiographic @entity571 and 0.71 [CI, 0.51 to 0.87] for symptomatic @entity571 ). CONCLUSION: @entity425 may be present in @entity1 who have @entity571 but do not have knee @entity158 or @entity2057 ; this suggests that the weakness may be due to @entity121 . The data are consistent with the possibility that @entity425 is a primary risk factor for knee @entity158 , disability, and progression of @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity626 .

title: XXXX and @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['tibiofemoral osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity weakness', 'Quadriceps weakness', 'quadriceps weakness', 'extensor weakness']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle dysfunction']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['Quadriceps weakness']


abstract: AIMS: The prognosis of @entity1 with peritoneal @entity189 from @entity344 is poor. The aim of this study was to analyse the results of multimodality treatment for peritoneal @entity189 of @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From 07/95 to 01/00, 17 @entity1 (13 males, 4 female, median age 58 years) underwent peritonectomy procedures in combination with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy. Surgical, pathological and survival data were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: All @entity1 had undergone previous surgical treatment and one @entity1 had received chemotherapy. In all @entity1 peritonectomy procedures, as described by Sugarbaker, were performed with the aim of achieving a macroscopically complete cytoreduction (range 2-6, median 4 procedures per @entity1 ). Following resection, open hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity900 was performed. Eleven @entity1 had @entity260 (predominantly "non-surgical") and two @entity1 died postoperatively. The 4-year survival rate was 75%. Complete cytoreducion had a statistically significant positive influence on long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: In selected @entity1 (WHO status 0/1, minimal @entity66 , no distant @entity3 , complete cytoreduction), the prognosis for @entity1 with peritoneal @entity189 of appendiceal origin can be improved by peritonectomy procedures and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Postoperative morbidity may be increased due to " @entity532 .

title: Improved prognosis following peritonectomy procedures and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal @entity189 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['non-surgical" complications']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal carcinoma', 'carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['appendiceal carcinoma']


abstract: The increase of sympathetic activity in @entity712 is accompanied by a reduced parasympathetic tone. The @entity916 -angiotensin system has not only multiple interactions with the sympathetic nervous system, but may also influence vagal tone directly by @entity2178 . Animal studies show a reduction of parasympathetic tone by a direct action of @entity2178 in the area postrema where the blood brain barrier is absent. It is possible that, in addition to the sympathetic and @entity916 -angiotensin system, the parasympathetic nervous system may also influence prognosis in @entity712 . Therefore, baroreflex sensitivity as (CBS) an index of vagal tone was examined in 35 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity712 (NYHA II-III). Independent of the severity of @entity712 was the lower the higher plasma- @entity916 -activity was. Fifty-six months after the initial examination a comparison of the surviving @entity1 (Group 1, n = 20) with the @entity1 who died or underwent heart transplantation (Group 2, n = 15) did not reveal significant differences in the initial hemodynamic data. However, group 2 @entity1 showed a tendency to higher initial plasma- @entity916 -activity and significantly lower BS 1.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.3 ms/mm Hg; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity712 a relation between the @entity916 -angiotensin system and the parasympathetic nervous system is likely as there is a significant negative relationship between BS and plasma- @entity916 -activity. Among @entity1 with a similar degree of @entity712 a low vagal tone identifies @entity1 with a poor prognosis.

title: [Interaction between the XXXX system and parasympathetic nervous system in @entity712 ].

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure BS', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To conduct a dose-escalation trial of rituximab in @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), to evaluate first-dose reactions in @entity1 with high circulating lymphocyte counts, and to assess the efficacy at higher versus lower doses. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity1072 (n = 40) or other mature B-cell @entity706 (n = 10) were treated with four weekly infusions of rituximab. The first dose was 375 mg/m(2) for all @entity1 ; dose- escalation began with dose 2 but was held constant for each @entity1 . Escalated doses were from 500 to 2,250 mg/m(2). RESULTS: @entity137 with the first dose (375 mg/m(2)) was noted in 94% of @entity1 but was grade 1 or 2 in most, predominantly @entity221 and chills. Six @entity1 (12%) experienced severe @entity137 with the first dose, including @entity221 , chills, @entity1353 , and @entity519 in all six @entity1 , @entity551 in five, and @entity101 in one. @entity137 on subsequent doses was minimal until a dose of 2,250 mg/m(2) was achieved. Eight (67%) of 12 @entity1 had grade 2 @entity137 , including @entity221 , chills, @entity390 , and malaise, although no @entity1 had grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . Severe @entity137 with the first dose was significantly more common in @entity1 with other @entity8624 , occurring in five (50%) of 10 @entity1 versus one (2%) of 40 @entity1 with @entity1072 (P <.001). The overall response rate was 40%; all responses in @entity1 with @entity1072 were partial remissions. Response rates were 36% in @entity1072 and 60% in other B-cell @entity706 . Response was correlated with dose: 22% for @entity1 treated at 500 to 825 mg/m(2), 43% for those treated at 1,000 to 1,500 mg/m(2), and 75% for those treated at the highest dose of 2,250 mg/m(2) (P =.007). The median time to disease progression was 8 months. @entity281 were uncommon. CONCLUSION: Rituximab has significant activity in @entity1 with @entity1072 at the higher dose levels. Severe first-dose reactions were uncommon in @entity1 with @entity1072 , even with high circulating lymphocyte counts, but were frequent in @entity1 with other mature @entity8624 in which @entity2225 surface expression is increased. Efficacy of rituximab was also significant in this group of @entity1 .

title: Rituximab dose-escalation trial in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Myelosuppression and infections']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell leukemias']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss emerging controversies in the treatment of @entity571 , particularly as they apply to older individuals. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search covering articles from 1966 to July 2003 was conducted for English-language literature on clinical trials comparing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and @entity1443 for @entity571 treatment. Search terms were NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, @entity571 , and @entity1443 . STUDY SELECTION: All controlled trials comparing @entity1443 and NSAIDs were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from therapeutic end points comparing drugs being studied were extracted and summarized. DATA SYNTHESIS: Early studies comparing @entity5018 and @entity1443 for knee @entity571 identified that therapeutic end points were similar for these two drugs. These data were the basis for clinical practice guidelines published by the American College of Rheumatology in 1995 and updated in 2000. More recent clinical trials using validated instruments to measure @entity571 outcomes showed that NSAIDs are better than @entity1443 . There are also recent data that showed @entity1443 is equivalent to placebo in @entity571 outcomes. The mean age of study subjects in all the controlled trials of NSAIDs and @entity1443 was less than 65 years, making extrapolation of data from these studies to an elderly population risky. Furthermore, use of NSAIDs in older @entity1 has more risks than @entity1443 . CONCLUSIONS: Current clinical practice guidelines for @entity571 are based on questionable data, and new data contradicts the guideline recommendations. More studies using a geriatric population are needed to clarify if @entity1443 or NSAIDs is the better choice for initial management of @entity571 .

title: Emerging controversies in the treatment of XXXX in older individuals.

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Protein and essential @entity844 (EFA) deficiencies may both occur in chronic @entity3147 and have common symptoms. To determine the interactions between dietary protein intake and EFA availability, @entity35 were fed purified diets containing 20% or 2% casein and 5% as one of four fats (sunflower, @entity1460 , coconut, or salmon oil) that differed particularly in their n-6 and n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ). @entity3147 enhanced hepatic @entity1674 and @entity165 concentrations while decreasing hepatic protein and phospholipid contents and mass and components of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The ratio of @entity5204 to @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ) was consistently depressed by @entity3147 in liver and VLDL @entity1674 and phospholipid. Total n-6 and n-3 @entity1718 were diminished by @entity3147 , except with salmon oil, with which a decrease in 20:5n-3 was compensated for by an increase in 22:6n-3. The ratio of 20:4n-6 to 18:2n-6 was enhanced in liver phospholipid and VLDL @entity1674 , and modified little in liver @entity1674 . Generally, the ratio of 20:3n-9 to 20:4n-6, an index for @entity1560 , was raised with @entity3147 in liver @entity1674 and phospholipid and in VLDL @entity1674 . The extent of changes in each @entity844 proportion varied according to the oil fed. Overall, VLDL-apolipoprotein concentrations were, in general, strongly reduced with @entity3147 . In conclusion, @entity3147 may accelerate marginal @entity1560 and decrease long-chain @entity5204 bioavailability and thus increase EFA requirement.

title: Hepatic storage and transport of n-3 and n-6 @entity1474 by very-low-density lipoproteins in growing @entity35 fed low- or adequate-protein diets with sunflower, XXXX , coconut, and salmon oils.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['EFA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Protein malnutrition', 'protein malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: Diaspirin- @entity2915 ( @entity12166 ; Baxter Healthcare Corp) has potential for clinical use as a hemoglobin-based @entity26 -carrying solution. We have previously shown that @entity12166 administration is associated with a self-limiting increase in @entity551 ( @entity551 ). Based on in vitro studies with other hemoglobin solutions, this vasopressor effect is thought to be mediated at least in part by the release or inhibition (or both) of endothelium-derived vasoactive substances. The purpose of our studies was to determine the role of endothelin (ET), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, and @entity842 , a vasodilator, in mediating the pressor effect of @entity12166 in conscious @entity35 . Intravenous administration of @entity12166 has been shown to elicit an immediate increase in @entity551 that peaks within 30 minutes and returns to baseline by 300 minutes in a dose-dependent fashion. Phosphoramidon, an inhibitor of proendothelin conversion to ET, attenuated the elevation of @entity551 when administered before @entity12166 . Administration of cyanomet @entity12166 , a @entity12166 molecule that is unable to interact with NO, was not associated with an elevation of @entity551 . @entity534 , the substrate for NO synthesis, and @entity1242 , an NO donor, significantly reduced @entity551 when infused 15 minutes after @entity12166 administration. Based on these findings, we conclude that the @entity12166 -induced elevation of @entity551 in vivo is mediated at least in part by ET and the inhibition of NO. Although these data support earlier reports of hemoglobin binding NO, this is the first report of the pressor response to hemoglobin being attenuated by an agent that blocks the conversion of proendothelin to ET.

title: A role for endothelin and XXXX in the pressor response to diaspirin @entity2915 .

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked hemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MAP', 'mean arterial pressure']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Gonadal @entity134 hormones influence an animal's sexual behavior through two primary means. During development they affect differentiation of the brain (primarily in males), and after puberty, circulating concentrations of @entity230 influence expression of @entity146 . In mammals, @entity146 of females are regarded as inherent (independent of @entity230 secreted by the developing ovary). Males, on the other hand, must undergo active differentiation that is brought about by actions of testicular @entity230 on the brain during discrete sensitive periods of early development. Sexual differentiation in mammals is referred to as processes of defeminization and masculinization. Defeminization is loss of behavioral traits inherent to females and occurs prenatally in @entity742 but postnatally in @entity1707 . Comparative data are lacking for @entity291 , but preliminary evidence indicates prenatal defeminization of @entity146 . Masculinization is acquisition of behavioral traits characteristic of males. Adult females of all three species show mounting behavior after prolonged treatment with @entity251 , and in @entity291 and @entity1707 , there is, as yet, no strong evidence that males undergo masculinization of @entity146 . In @entity742 , limited observations are suggestive of two sensitive periods for masculinization; one prenatally and one postnatally. The earlier concept that differentiation of @entity146 in mammals occurs prenatally in species with a long gestation and postnatally in species with a short gestation must now be modified in view of recent findings in @entity1707 , in which defeminization occurs postnatally. Further studies will likely identify additional species differences with respect to differentiation of @entity146 .

title: Differentiation of sexual behavior in @entity291 , XXXX and @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Localized X-irradiation of the mitotic cells in the neonatal @entity35 hippocampus produces a discrete @entity509 of the fascia dentata granule cell layer. This @entity75 inhibits the acquisition of a passive avoidance task, and stimulates spontaneous perseverative turning (without reversals) in a plastic hemisphere apparatus. Here we report how transplantation of fetal brain tissue can attenuate these radiation-induced @entity146 . The partially shielded cerebral hemispheres of neonatal @entity35 received fractionated exposures to 13 Gray (Gy) of X-rays during the first 16 days post partum. This procedure depleted 90% of the hippocampal granule cells while sparing other brain areas. Control animals were sham irradiated. Baseline behavioral tests were conducted when subjects reached an average age of 147 +/- 4 days. We recorded behavioral parameters known to be sensitive to hippocampal damage: (1) passive avoidance performance, and (2) perseverative spontaneous turning without reversals. Irradiated subjects later (average age = 182 +/- 4 days) received intracerebral transplants of either fetal (E20-21) neurons/neuronal precursors from the fascia dentata or cerebral cortex (control grafts). Additional controls (both irradiated and sham-irradiated) experienced sham surgical procedures or received no surgical manipulation. Two post-surgical behavioral retests were accomplished when @entity35 were 265 +/- 5 and 351 +/- 6 days old. @entity35 were then sacrificed and brains were treated histologically to assess radiation-induced @entity75 , graft survivability and graft locus. Both hippocampal and cerebral cortex grafts generally facilitated performance on the passive avoidance task. This effect was most prominent during the first post-surgical test. Hippocampal transplants (especially those found to reside in the damaged hippocampus) also significantly attenuated perseverative spontaneous rotation at the time of the final post-surgical test series. Cortex grafts found within the damaged hippocampus did not ameliorate perseverative movements, while cortex grafts located outside the hippocampus significantly reduced this @entity146 . These data suggest that selected @entity146 may be attenuated by transplanting fetal neural tissue long after early radiation-induced @entity75 . The success of these procedures depends on a number of factors including: (1) the behaviors chosen for analysis, (2) the time after transplantation that behavioral tests are conducted, and (3) the source and final location of the donor neural tissue.

title: Neural grafts attenuate XXXX produced by early radiation-induced @entity509 of fascia dentata granule cells.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficiency', 'behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral deficits']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infections account for 3% of all non-traumatic @entity1566 . The demographic distribution and clinical course are still not fully understood in these @entity1 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and clinical course in @entity1 with infectious @entity1566 referred to our centre. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study (over the period 1997-2003) was carried out. Variables examined included age, sex, @entity130 , aetiology, causing agent, ASIA classification on admission and discharge. RESULTS: N = 27 (8% of the total number of non-traumatic @entity1566 ). Mean age: 37.3 years (range: 14-75). Higher prevalence was found between the ages of 20 and 39 years (48.1%) and in males (70.4%). A prevalence of dorsal @entity130 (59.3%) was also observed. On hospital admission most of the @entity130 were incomplete (70.4%) and this figure increased to 77.8% on discharge. @entity1512 was the most frequent cause (51.9%) and @entity794 was found to be the most common microbiological causing agent. The greatest prevalence of complete @entity130 was observed in cases of dorsal @entity130 (43.75%). All cases of @entity378 were situated in the dorsal region (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our care centre, non-traumatic @entity1566 of an infectious origin seem to be most often caused by @entity1512 due to @entity794 , with a higher incidence in the dorsal region. They predominantly affect males in their thirties and forties, and usually give rise to @entity130 .

title: [Clinical characteristics of XXXX caused by infection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['Spondylodiscitis', 'spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'incomplete injuries', 'type of injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity902 -resistance is the most crucial problem for treatment of @entity43 . There is a clinical need for new treatment strategies which overcome @entity902 resistance. As survival is strongly influenced by immunological parameters, immunotherapeutic strategies appear promising. Therefore a better understanding of the interaction between @entity43 cells and cells of the immune system is a necessary prerequisite. In the present study we aimed to enlighten the interactions between @entity902 resistant and @entity902 sensitive @entity43 cells and natural-killer (NK)-cells. Modified FATAL assay was used for determining the killing efficiency of NK-cells for the parental A2780 cells and the cis- @entity902 resistant A2780cis @entity1 @entity43 cells. Expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes as well as ligands involved in @entity9371 recognition were analysed by RT-PCR and flow cytometric analysis. The efficiency of NK mediated cell lysis differs between A2780 cells and the cis- @entity902 -resistant A2780cis cells. A2780cis cells are less accessible for NK-cell mediated killing. Based on this observation we characterized the molecular basis for resistance mechanisms. Besides an increase in anti-apoptotic genes (especially @entity22557 ) that probably render A2780cis cells more resistant against apoptosis an increased amount of soluble MICA/B seems to be responsible for the lower killing rate of @entity902 -resistant A2780cis cells compared to their parental A2780 cells.

title: Immune escape of AKT overexpressing XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumour', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Educational programs are reported to improve metabolic control and well-being in @entity6 ( @entity6 ), but the effects of newly- structured interventions, aimed at promoting empowerment in educated @entity1 in active selfcare, have received little attention. Ninety @entity1 with Type 1 @entity6 in intensive insulin treatment were invited to an empowerment-based educational intervention. Changes in quality of life and psychological well-being in the 54 @entity1 participating in the program (median age, 44 yr) were compared with those measured in @entity1 who refused. The following questionnaires were administered at baseline and 12 months later: Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB), Medical Outcome Survey Short-Form 36 (SF-36), and Well-Being Enquiry for Diabetics (WED). Baseline values were indicative of moderate, but significant, @entity458 in the whole cohort. At follow-up, the experimental group had a better metabolic control {glycosylated hemoglobin, -0.4% [time x treatment analysis of variance (ANOVA), p = 0.005 vs controls]}, and a general improvement in comprehensive indices and most scales of PGWB and SF-36. Vitality (p = 0.042) and Social Functioning (p = 0.039) were no longer different from population norm. Similarly, the Symptoms (p = 0.005), Discomfort (p = 0.043) and Impact scales (p = 0.032) of WED, reflecting physical functioning, @entity6 -related worries and familial relationships, role functioning and social network, improved significantly in treated @entity1 . An educational empowerment-based intervention significantly improves the psychosocial aspects of @entity6 and quality of life also in @entity1 in active and effective self-care. Repeated educational interventions are the way towards a normal life with Type 1 @entity6 .

title: An empowerment-based educational program improves psychological well-being and health-related quality of life in Type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3102 foam, 2%, is approved in the United States for @entity19857 therapy in immunocompetent @entity1 aged >= 12 years. While short-term trials have demonstrated its safety and efficacy, @entity19857 often requires long-term treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term safety of @entity3102 foam, 2%, twice daily, as required. METHODS: A 12-month, open-label, multicenter study. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, 16, 26, 39, and 52 (or early termination [ET]) for adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), @entity75 erythema, scaling, and @entity111 , as well as Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) scores. Physical examinations were performed at baseline and at week 52/ET, and laboratory evaluations at baseline and at weeks 8, 26, and 52. A poststudy product-preference questionnaire was completed. RESULTS: Of 500 subjects enrolled, 498 were included in the safety population, and 363 completed the study. Overall, 57% of subjects reported >= 1 AE. Treatment-related AEs occurred in 14% of subjects, including application-site irritation (8%), application-site @entity158 (4%), application-site @entity111 (1%), and increased @entity493 aminotransferase (1%). Seven subjects were withdrawn because of treatment-related AEs. No SAEs (21 in 17 subjects) were considered to be related to study drug. Mean @entity75 erythema, scaling, and @entity111 scores improved by 2 units from baseline at all study visits; mean ISGA score improved by 1 unit at week 4 and by 2 units at subsequent visits. The foam vehicle was preferred by 67% of subjects. LIMITATIONS: Evaluation of severity was limited to @entity75 ; no objective measure of adherence. CONCLUSION: The long-term safety profile of @entity3102 foam, 2%, in subjects with @entity19857 was favorable and efficacy was maintained.

title: Long-term safety of XXXX foam, 2% in the treatment of @entity19857 : results of a phase IV, open-label study.

entities_list: @entity19857 :: ('MESH:D012628', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: A mild, micropapular eruption previously coined as " @entity1909 " on the extensor of the forearm is a common form of @entity9335 in Taiwan. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic findings of " @entity1909 ", the micropapular type of @entity9335 . METHODS: We characterized the features of this @entity9335 by retrospectively reviewing and analyzing all such cases in a medical center in Southern Taiwan diagnosed during October 1988 to November 2010. RESULTS: A total of 34 Taiwanese @entity1 , all with Fitzpatrick skin type III-IV, were included (M:F = 1:1; mean age = 33.5 years; range = 9-62 years). @entity1 typically presented numerous, monomorphous, pinhead-sized micropapules on the extensor of the forearm after a recent, more intense sun exposure. The @entity1910 was often mildly pruritic and recurred in the summer, but usually resolved in a few days after sun protection and topical corticosteroid treatment. Reduced minimal erythema dose to UVB was noted in 2 of the 5 @entity1 tested. Histopathologic examination (n = 10) revealed a mild @entity1909 . CONCLUSION: The clinicopathologic findings of the " @entity1909 " closely resembled those of the pinpoint papular variant of polymorphous light eruption (PP-PMLE) affecting African Americans and Asians in Singapore. PP-PMLE, micropapular light eruption in Japanese, summertime actinic @entity9336 in Indians and the present @entity9335 might represent a common, micropapular variant of PMLE affecting darker skin populations.

title: Clinicopathologic study of XXXX , a pinpoint papular variant of polymorphous light eruption in Taiwan, and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9336 :: ('MESH:D017512', 'Disease') :: ['lichenoid eruption']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['photodermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['solar dermatitis', 'spongiotic dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['solar dermatitis']


abstract: The alphaT3-1 cells are immortalized anterior pituitary gonadotropes which express gonadotropin-alpha subunit gene. These cells contain receptors for @entity4396 ( @entity1176 ) as well as for luteinizing hormone (LH) which can also bind @entity1 choriogonadotropin (hCG). Like @entity1176 , LH and hCG can upregulate the expression of gonadotropin-alpha subunit gene. While 0.1-1.0 ng/ml hCG can upregulate, higher concentrations have no effect. However, these higher hCG concentrations can act in a synergistic manner with @entity1176 to increase the steady state mRNA and protein levels of gonadotropin-alpha subunit. The synergism between hCG and @entity1176 was mimicked by LH but not by other hormones in the glycoprotein hormone family or alpha or beta subunits of hCG, suggesting that the synergism is hormone specific and requires the conformation of native hormone. The hCG induced increase in gonadotropin-alpha subunit mRNA levels was due to a significant increase in the half-life of gonadotropin-alpha subunit transcripts from 7.8 +/- 1.0 h in the controls to 16.5 +/- 3.8 h after treatment with hCG. The @entity1176 induced increase in gonadotropin-alpha subunit mRNA levels was due to both a significant increase in the half-life to 26.2 +/- 3.0 h as well as a significant increase in the transcription rate of the gene (159.0 +/- 7.7% of the control). A greater increase in gonadotropin-alpha subunit mRNA levels following a combined treatment with @entity1176 and hCG was due to a further increase in half-life to 37.6 +/- 3.1 h as well as a greater increase in the transcription rate of the gene (295.1 +/- 24.2% of the control) as compared to the treatment with @entity1176 alone. In summary, we conclude that LH and hCG can independently and synergistically act with @entity1176 to increase the expression of gonadotropin-alpha subunit gene by transcriptional as well as by post-transcriptional mechanisms in alphaT3-1 cells. These effects may be important for the increase of LH levels during the preovulatory surge.

title: Novel independent and synergistic regulation of gonadotropin-alpha subunit gene by luteinizing hormone/ @entity1 choriogonadotropin and XXXX in the alphaT3-1 gonadotrope cells.

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin releasing hormone']

answer: @entity4396 :: (2796,Gene) :: ['gonadotropin releasing hormone']


abstract: Thrombolysis of @entity432 has limitations, e.g. it requires extensive time for thrombolysis, occlusions may be resistant to lysis, and the rate of reocclusions may be high. c7E3 @entity1334 inhibits @entity1423 by binding to the GPIIb/IIIa receptor on platelets. Experimentally, this monoclonal antibody has been shown to decrease, the time required for lysis, and to prevent reocclusion. This is the first report on the adjunctive use of c7E3 @entity1334 in peripheral @entity432 in @entity1 . Three @entity1 with occlusion of the iliac or femoropopliteal artery were treated with c7E3 @entity1334 (bolus injection of 0.25 mg/kg KG + i.v.-application 12 micrograms/min for 12 h). In addition, the @entity1 received urokinase (100,000 IU bolus + 100,000 IU/h). @entity6950 (5,000 IU bolus + 1,000 IU/h) and @entity1281 (100 mg/day/p.o.). Occlusion length ranged between 6-40 cm. Therapy was successful in all @entity1 . During the follow-up period (4-6 months) no reocclusion occurred. There were no serious side effects like major @entity548 or @entity882 . We conclude that the applied doses appear safe. Even the time required for thrombolysis was short, a conclusion in respect of a significant reduction of the time required for lysis can be drawn only after further controlled studies.

title: [The adjuvant use of the monoclonal antibody c7E3 XXXX in peripheral arterial thrombolysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions']

entities_list: @entity1281 :: ('CHEBI:15365', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylate']

answer: @entity1334 :: (2187,Gene) :: ['Fab']


abstract: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated small-vessel @entity1333 frequently affects the kidney. Here we describe the rates of @entity281 , disease relapse, and @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity10763 before and after @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in an inception cohort study and compare them to those of @entity1 with preserved renal function. All @entity1 had biopsy-proven @entity10763 . Fisher's exact tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare the characteristics by @entity454 status. @entity454 follow-up included time on dialysis with transplants censored. Over a median follow-up time of 40 months, 136 of 523 @entity1 reached @entity454 . @entity454 was associated with new-onset @entity10763 in 51% of @entity1 , progressive @entity740 without active @entity1333 in 43%, and renal relapse in 6% of @entity1 . Relapse rates of @entity10763 , reported as episodes/ @entity1 -year, were significantly lower on chronic dialysis (0.08 episodes) compared with the rate of the same @entity1 before @entity454 (0.20 episodes) or with @entity1 with preserved renal function (0.16 episodes). Infections were almost twice as frequent among @entity1 with @entity454 on maintenance immunosuppressants and were an important cause of @entity204 . Given the lower risk of relapse and higher risk of @entity281 and @entity204 , we suggest that immunosuppression be geared to @entity1 with @entity454 who present with active @entity1333 .

title: The clinical course of XXXX on chronic dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity10763 :: ('MESH:C565222', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA small-vessel vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity10763 :: (MESH:C565222,Disease) :: ['ANCA small-vessel vasculitis']


abstract: The treatment of @entity14228 remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. A hinged external fixator with distraction ability has recently emerged as a new option in the surgical treatment of @entity14228 . Between January 2007 and December 2009, twenty-five posttraumatic stiff elbows (mean @entity1 age, 29.2 years) received distraction arthrolysis from 1 surgeon group (W.J.W., L.H., P.Z.J.) at the authors' institution. For @entity1 with only periarticular soft tissue contracture (grade 1), close mechanical distraction was performed with the assistance of an external fixator under anesthesia; open arthrolysis was avoided as much as possible. For @entity1 who also had @entity2736 (grade 2), it was removed through a limited approach before the external fixator was applied. For @entity1 with osteoarticular surface damage or destruction (grade 3), osteoarticular integrity was restored before arthrolysis. Range of motion increased markedly, from 33.4   (range, 0  -75  ) preoperatively to 105.6   (range, 80  -140  ) immediately postoperatively (Student's t test, P<.05). Of the 25 @entity1 , 23 were followed for a mean of 16 months. No serious complications occurred. Mean range of motion was 97.4   (range, 70  -130  ) at final follow-up, a significant increase from preoperatively (Student's t test, P<.05). No significant @entity393 was found at final follow-up compared with intraoperative values (average 8.2   loss; Student's t test, P>.05). This study suggests that a hinged external distraction fixator is a less invasive option for treating posttraumatic @entity14228 and prevents @entity1159 after arthrolysis.

title: Distraction arthrolysis of posttraumatic XXXX with a hinged external fixator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture recurrence']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of range of motion']

answer: @entity14228 :: (MESH:C535618,Disease) :: ['elbow stiffness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering potential of @entity34088 (AA) in eyes with @entity479 -related @entity2790 inadequately controlled with the maximal tolerated or appropriate medical therapy. DESIGN: Uncontrolled case series. METHODS: A total of 8 eyes of 7 subjects with medically uncontrolled IOP following intravitreal or sub-Tenon injections of @entity2995 were included. All received an 0.8-mL anterior juxtascleral depot of 3% AA solution (24 mg) under topical anesthesia. The IOP was assessed weekly for the first month, then monthly for a minimum of 1 year. RESULTS: The mean baseline IOP was 39.9 mm Hg. After 1 week, the mean IOP decreased 12 mm Hg (29%; P = .005) and by 1 month, the mean IOP had decreased 14.1 mm Hg (34.5%; P = .003) from baseline. Four eyes required surgical intervention despite a decrease in IOP because of markedly elevated initial IOP and the degree of preexisting @entity1781 . We observed no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: An anterior juxtascleral depot of AA lowers IOP substantially in some eyes with medically uncontrolled @entity479 -related @entity2790 . Further study is warranted to clarify the role of AA in treating this condition as well as other forms of @entity726 .

title: Reduction of intraocular pressure with XXXX in eyes with ocular @entity479 injection-related @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity34088 :: ('MESH:C418047', 'Chemical') :: ['anecortave acetate']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity34088 :: (MESH:C418047,Chemical) :: ['anecortave acetate']


abstract: Embryotoxic effects of @entity8441 ( @entity8653 ), a compound still widely used in industry, have been analyzed using @entity1573 embryos in ovo. Administration on @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) 3,4 or 5 induced dose-dependent embryotoxicity, manifested namely as the early @entity204 . A serious disturbance of the vascular system represented probably the main cause of strong embryolethality and @entity851 in the group of survivors. @entity2907 in the parietal region and defects of brain and aorta prevailed in the @entity600 spectrum registered on @entity2085 10. The local character of early induced changes suggests a direct effect of @entity8653 itself in the embryotoxic action. This process is probably accomplished through interaction with lipids in cell membranes owing to the hydrophobic character of @entity8653 molecules. The results, however, did not exclude an involvement of reactive metabolites in final embryotoxicity via the formation of DNA-adducts. In any case, a decreasing embryotoxicity of @entity8653 with the age of treated embryos documented that the onset of liver function, assumed to occur on @entity2085 5, did not increase the efficacy of @entity8653 bioactivation. Our results confirmed the short-term embryotoxic properties of @entity8653 reported in @entity35 embryonic cultures. In addition, the in ovo system enabled us to reveal also long-term consequences represented namely by the formation of @entity2907 , not detectable in studies in vitro. The results obtained with the @entity1573 embryo in ovo confirmed the suitability of this system for embryotoxicity testing.

title: Embryotoxicity of XXXX in @entity1573 embryos in ovo: early and late effects.

entities_list: @entity2907 :: ('MESH:D000652', 'Disease') :: ['Amniotic bands', 'amniotic bands']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic days', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity8441 :: ('MESH:D015946', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dibromoethane']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic death']

answer: @entity8441 :: (MESH:D015946,Chemical) :: ['1,2-dibromoethane']


abstract: This study examined the efficacy of @entity11141 for providing @entity1337 in an @entity2379 -induced @entity291 @entity625 model using 10 male Holstein @entity291 , 4 to 6 mo old and weighing approximately 250 kg. The study used a repeated measures partial crossover design with 2 phases, consisting of 3 treatment periods within each phase. @entity291 were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to the @entity11141 (50 mg/kg i.v.) or placebo group for phase 1. In period 1, @entity1273 induction was simulated with a needle prick of the coronary band, followed by drug or placebo administration. At predetermined time points, serial blood samples for @entity701 and @entity2697 concentrations, electrodermal activity measurements, heart rates, and pressure mat data were collected. @entity227 scores were recorded by an observer blinded to treatments. In period 2, @entity1273 was induced with injection of @entity2379 into the distal interphalangeal joint, followed by drug or placebo administration, with sample collection as described previously. In period 3, the drug or placebo was administered to the respective @entity291 with sample collection. After a 10-d washout period, phase 2 was conducted with treatments crossed over between groups. @entity701 and @entity2697 samples were analyzed by competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay, respectively. The pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using compartmental analysis. Mean intravenous @entity2697 apparent volume of distribution was 0.2 +/- 0.005 L/kg, total body clearance was 4.3 +/- 0.2 mL/min.kg, and elimination half-life was 36.9 +/- 1.2 min. The repeated measures data were analyzed based on a univariate split-plot approach with a random effects-mixed model. Differences in stance phase duration and serum @entity701 concentration values were seen both between periods and between treatment group x periods; differences in heart rate, contact surface area, and contact pressure values were seen between periods, suggesting that our @entity1273 model was effective. No differences were seen between treatment groups. When analyzed by @entity227 score, differences were seen in heart rate, contact surface area, contact pressure, and @entity701 concentrations. Area under the time-effect curves, determined by using the trapezoidal rule, had results similar to the repeated measures data, except for a difference in period for electrodermal activity. This @entity2379 -induced @entity625 model is a useful tool for studying changes associated with @entity1273 in @entity291 . @entity11141 was not effective in providing @entity1337 after @entity1273 .

title: Analgesic efficacy of @entity11141 in an @entity2379 -induced XXXX @entity625 model.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual lameness', 'visual lameness']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis-arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium salicylate', 'sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Calves', 'cattle', 'bovine', 'calves']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review empirical findings on @entity952 ( @entity952 ) and @entity9054 ( @entity9054 ). METHOD: Selected summaries of the literature over the past decade are presented. RESULTS: Evidence supports a distinction between the symptoms of @entity952 and many symptoms of @entity9054 , but there is controversy about whether aggressive symptoms should be considered to be part of @entity952 or @entity9054 . @entity9054 is clearly heterogenous, but further research is needed regarding the most useful subtypes. Some progress has been made in documenting sex differences. Symptoms that are more serious, more atypical for the @entity1 's sex, or more age-atypical appear to be prognostic of serious dysfunction. Progress has been made in the methods for assessment of @entity952 and @entity9054 , but some critical issues, such as combined information from different informants, remains to be addressed. A proportion of @entity1 with @entity952 later develop @entity9054 , and a proportion of those with @entity9054 later meet criteria for @entity10420 . @entity952 and @entity9054 frequently co-occur with other @entity146 conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Although major advances in the study of the prevalence and course of @entity952 and @entity9054 have occurred in the past decade, some key issues remain unanswered.

title: XXXX : a review of the past 10 years, part I.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['ODD', 'oppositional defiant disorder']

answer: @entity952 :: (MESH:D019958,Disease) :: ['Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder']


abstract: AIM: To develop and validate a risk score for advanced @entity2513 (ACA) recurrence after endoscopic polypectomy. METHODS: Out of 3360 @entity1 who underwent colon polypectomy at University of Foggia between 2004 and 2008, data of 843 @entity1 with 1155 ACAs was retrospectively reviewed. Surveillance intervals were scheduled by guidelines at 3 years and primary endpoint was considered 3-year ACA recurrence. Baseline clinical parameters and the main features of ACAs were entered into a Cox regression analysis and variables with P < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were then tested as candidate variables into a stepwise Cox regression model (conditional backward selection). The regression coefficients of the Cox regression model were multiplied by 2 and rounded in order to obtain easy to use point numbers facilitating the calculation of the score. To avoid overoptimistic results due to model fitting and evaluation in the same dataset, we performed an internal 10-fold cross-validation by means of bootstrap sampling. RESULTS: Median lesion size was 16 mm (12-23) while median number of @entity652 was 2.5 (1-3), whereof the number of ACAs was 1.5 (1-2). At 3 years after polypectomy, recurrence was observed in 229 ACAs (19.8%), of which 157 (13.5%) were @entity34 and 72 (6.2%) local recurrences. Multivariate analysis, after exclusion of the variable "type of resection" due to its collinearity with other predictive factors, confirmed lesion size, number of ACAs and grade of @entity1141 as significantly associated to the primary outcome. The score was then built by multiplying the regression coefficients times 2 and the cut-off point 5 was selected by means of a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis. In particular, 248 @entity1 with 365 ACAs fell in the higher-risk group (score >=  5) where 3-year recurrence was detected in 174 ACAs (47.6%) whereas the remaining 595 @entity1 with 690 ACAs were included in the low-risk group (score < 5) where 3-year recurrence rate was 7.9% (55/690 ACAs). Area under the curve of the model was 0.81 (0.72-0.86) with an overall classification error rate of 0.09. The model was finally validated by means of 10-fold cross validation. CONCLUSION: Our study provides support for the use of a novel risk score as a clinical predictor of ACA recurrence after colon polypectomy.

title: Development and validation of a risk score for advanced XXXX after endoscopic resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenoma recurrence']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper presents the results of the first @entity1 trial on the correction of @entity3467 using an erodible mask excimer laser delivery system coupled to an axicon. METHODS: We treated 17 eyes of 17 @entity1 (age range 34-62 years) for the correction of +3.21 +/- 1.04 D (range +1.00 to +4.00 D). The hyperopic correction was made using an erodible mask inserted on the laser optical pathway, to produce a circular ablation measuring 6.5 mm in diameter. An axicon was then used to create a blend transition zone from 6.5 mm up to 9.4 mm in diameter. Eyes were evaluated at one, three and six months after surgery. RESULTS: Reepithelization was always observed by the fifth postoperative day, despite the large area of deepithelization (diameter 9.5 mm). Mean @entity2516 after treatment was -2.44 +/- 1.59 D (range 0.00 to -6.50 D). Five eyes (29.4%) had a best corrected visual acuity loss more than two to three lines; all eyes showed mild annular haze not involving the central part of the @entity267 . Six months after treatment, mean refractive error was -0.88 +/- 0.99 D (range +0.50 to -3.00 D). Compared to preoperative status, 13 eyes (76.5%) showed an improvement in uncorrected distance visual acuity (1-8 lines), and 14 eyes (82.4%) showed an improvement in uncorrected vision at reading distance (3-7 lines). Two eyes (11.7%) showed a best corrected visual acuity loss of two of three lines. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results indicate this approach is effective in reducing @entity3467 , while its predictability has still to be proved in a larger treatment group with longer follow-up. A cautious approach to this technique is still advisable, especially for higher hyperopic corrections, in view of the large best corrected visual acuity loss seen in two eyes at six months.

title: XXXX correction using an erodible mask excimer laser delivery system coupled to an axicon: preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error one month']

answer: @entity3467 :: (MESH:D006956,Disease) :: ['Hyperopia']


abstract: Exaggerated carotid sinus reflexes may account for alterations in consciousness responsible for significant disability and injury in elderly @entity1 . @entity1109 and concomitant medical conditions frequently delay diagnosis and therapy. During a recent 9-year period, 82 @entity1 were identified as having symptomatic @entity56 ( @entity56 ). Fifty-nine @entity1 described complete @entity1163 , 73 @entity1 had @entity1163 , and 40 @entity1 related cervical pressure or motion as provocative events. Electrophysiologic testing demonstrated that 47% had cardioinhibitory @entity56 , 26% had vasodepressor @entity56 , and 27% had combined vasodepressor and cardioinhibitory @entity56 . The mean follow-up period of all @entity1 was 36 months. Surgical therapy included ventricular demand pacemaker implantation in 33 @entity1 and carotid sinus denervation in seven @entity1 . Medical therapy was used in 32 @entity1 , 11 mildly symptomatic @entity1 were not treated, and 3 @entity1 had carotid sinus irradiation. Pacemaker implantation relieved symptoms in 53%; however, 11 @entity1 (33%) had significant @entity260 . Carotid sinus denervation relieved symptoms in 86%, medical therapy in 54%, and carotid sinus irradiation in 33% of @entity1 . Because of its demonstrated effectiveness in all variants of @entity56 and negligible perioperative morbidity, carotid sinus denervation should be offered to acceptable operative candidates when the diagnosis of @entity56 is confirmed.

title: The carotid sinus syndrome: a frequently overlooked cause of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Nonspecificity of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'multiple syncopal or near-syncopal episodes']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['CSH', 'carotid sinus hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: Reperfusion after brief, reversible @entity741 is associated with prolonged @entity308 of contractile function (myocardial "stunning"); however, the effect on coronary vascular function has not been defined. Thus, open-chest @entity235 (n = 14) underwent a 15-minute left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by reflow. Four hours after reperfusion, regional myocardial blood flow (microspheres) was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower and coronary vascular resistance significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in the postischemic as compared with the nonischemic endocardium. Furthermore, during maximal vasodilation elicited by intravenous @entity859 (n = 6), myocardial blood flow was lower (p less than 0.05) and coronary vascular resistance higher (p less than 0.05) in the postischemic as compared with the nonischemic myocardium, both in the endocardial and in the epicardial layers. Similarly, during maximal dilation elicited by intravenous @entity3302 (n = 8), myocardial blood flow was lower (p less than 0.05) and vascular resistance higher (p less than 0.05) in the postischemic as compared with the nonischemic endocardium; a directionally similar trend was observed in the epicardium. Four hours after reperfusion, all indexes of reactive @entity450 after a 40-second @entity1563 were significantly lower in the LAD than in the control circumflex coronary artery (n = 8). There was no appreciable correlation between systolic wall thickening in the stunned myocardium and 1) the resting myocardial perfusion, 2) the @entity450 attained during @entity859 or @entity3302 , and 3) the hyperemic response to a 40-second @entity1563 . In control @entity235 that did not undergo a 15-minute LAD occlusion (n = 15), there were no differences in myocardial blood flow or vascular resistance between the LAD-dependent and the circumflex-dependent bed, either before or during @entity859 (n = 7) or @entity3302 (n = 8). Furthermore, reactive @entity450 after a 40-second occlusion did not differ between the LAD and the circumflex artery (n = 8). In conclusion, a brief (15 minute), reversible @entity63 insult causes a prolonged increase in resting vascular resistance and a prolonged impairment in vasodilator responsiveness, both of which persist for at least 4 hours. The severity of these vascular derangements is not related to the severity of @entity308 , suggesting that they may represent a relatively independent phenomenon. It is proposed that, in addition to myocardial "stunning," reversible @entity63 also causes a microvascular "stunning."

title: Prolonged impairment of coronary vasodilation after reversible XXXX . Evidence for microvascular "stunning".

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['contractile depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Currently self-expanding metallic stents are being used for palliation and acute decompression of @entity694 . The aim of this study is to review our experience of using these metallic stents over a 5-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case records of 102 @entity1 who had colorectal stenting between 1998 and 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. The indications for colorectal stenting, efficacy of the procedure in relieving the obstruction, complications and clinical outcome were analysed. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 had @entity5 and in three @entity1 a benign cause of obstruction was demonstrated. All procedures were performed during normal working hours. Stenting was technically successful in 87 @entity1 (85%). A single stent was placed in 80 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 required two stents. Of the successful cases, 67 had stents placed by fluoroscopy alone and 20 by a combined fluoroscopy/endoscopy procedure. Four percent had early complications (within 30 days) which included four perforations. There were late complications (over 30 days) in 9% which included five stent migrations, two blocked stents and one @entity4570 . Ninety percent (n=76) of the successful @entity1 needed no further radiological or surgical intervention later. Survival ranged from 14 days to 2 years. CONCLUSION: Colorectal stenting when technically successful is an effective procedure for both preoperative and palliative decompression of @entity694 .

title: Colorectal stenting for XXXX : the indications, complications, effectiveness and outcome--5 year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['colovesical fistula']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic obstruction']


abstract: @entity43 are relatively rare in childhood and adolescence; only 5% to 8% of the cases are of sex cord stromal origin. @entity722 are a group of @entity172 producing sex cord @entity5 of the ovary. They occur in 95% of the cases in adults, and only about 5% of the cases, which differ in histologic characteristics, are of juvenile type. A 13-year-old @entity1 is reported who presented with massive abdominal distention and @entity843 . An abdominopelvic computed tomography scan showed a predominantly @entity5409 with septations arising from the left ovary. All @entity5 markers were normal, but serum inhibin level was increased. The @entity1 underwent mass resection with salpingoophorectomy. Histopathology was compatible with the @entity722 . Interestingly, menarche was started in the @entity1 soon after the surgery. To the best of our knowledge, massive @entity843 as the only clinical manifestation in the @entity722 has not reported as yet.

title: Massive XXXX as the only sign of @entity43 in an adolescent: a case report and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile granulosa cell tumor', 'Granulosa cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stromal tumors']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) is the least common type of congenital @entity2914 . Although its course is often asymptomatic, it may be associated with various respiratory and @entity344 . We describe 7 @entity1 with @entity2914 during a 5-year period in three pediatric centers in @entity233 . All @entity1 had acute or chronic respiratory symptoms; cough was the most frequent. The diagnosis was made by posterior-anterior (PA) and lateral chest X-rays. The PA chest X-rays showed a homogenous mass in 2 and a gas-filled cystic image in 3 @entity1 in the right cardiophrenic angle. A retrocardiac homogeneous density in one @entity1 , and bilateral consolidation in lower lung areas in another @entity1 were also seen. All lateral chest X-rays showed gas-filled bowel loops above the diaphragm. The diagnosis was confirmed by barium-contrast radiograph. Four @entity1 had five additional anomalies, i.e., @entity1757 , @entity169 , @entity3946 , @entity31976 , and @entity530 . All of the @entity547 were repaired by an abdominal approach. There were no complications or recurrences during follow-up. In conclusion, @entity2914 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases of long-standing respiratory symptoms and/or when an unexplained radiological image, especially on the right cardiophrenic area, is present.

title: XXXX : an unexpected cause of respiratory complaints and a chest mass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3946 :: ('MESH:D006618', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity31976 :: ('MESH:D066166', 'Disease') :: ['pectus carinatum']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['MH', 'diaphragmatic hernias', 'Morgagni hernia']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction of the uretero-pelvic junction']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['right inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['Morgagni hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sports injuries are often recurrent and there is wide recognition that a subsequent injury (of either the same or a different type) can be strongly influenced by a previous injury. Correctly categorising subsequent injuries (multiple, recurrent, exacerbation or new) requires substantial clinical expertise, but there is also considerable value in combining this expertise with more objective statistical criteria. This paper presents a new model, the subsequent injury categorisation (SIC) model, for categorising subsequent @entity2587 that takes into account the need to include both acute and overuse injuries and ten different dependency structures between @entity130 . METHODS: The suitability of the SIC model was demonstrated with date ordered @entity2587 data from a large injury database from community Australian football players over one playing season. A subsequent injury was defined to have occurred in the subset of players with two or more reported injuries. RESULTS: 282 players sustained 469 subsequent injuries of which 15.6% were coded to categories representing injuries that were directly related to previous index injuries. This demonstrates that players can sustain a number of injuries over one playing season. Many of these will be unrelated to previous injuries but subsequent injuries that are related to previous @entity130 are not uncommon. CONCLUSION: The handling of subsequent @entity2587 is a substantial challenge for the sports medicine field-both in terms of injury treatment and in epidemiological research to quantify them. Application of the SIC model allows for multiple different @entity130 and relationships within players, as well as different index injuries.

title: Categorising XXXX in epidemiological studies: the subsequent injury categorisation (SIC) model to address multiple, recurrent and exacerbation of injuries.

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injuries', 'sports injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury occurrences', 'injury types']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['sports injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preconditioning has been shown to reduce @entity1562 after reversible global @entity63 . To determine whether preconditioning improves functional recovery after cardiac transplantation, 16 @entity742 were randomly assigned to a preconditioning protocol or to a control group. METHODS: Preconditioning was achieved with 5 minutes of global @entity63 followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion. The heart was then arrested with 1 L of crystalloid cardioplegia, explanted, stored in a transport cooler, and then transplanted into recipient @entity742 . The total @entity63 time was 2 hours. Pressure-volume loops were used to calculate preload recruitable @entity64 work, the maximum elastance, and diastolic compliance. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the preload recruitable @entity64 work, maximum elastance, and diastolic compliance-and end-diastolic volume relationship. The area under the regression curve for preload recruitable @entity64 work was defined as the preload recruitable @entity64 work area. Biopsies were taken for high-energy phosphates. RESULTS: Systolic function, represented by preload recruitable @entity64 work area, was preserved after cardiac transplantation in preconditioned animals. Maximum elastance and diastolic compliance were unaffected by preconditioning or @entity63 . High-energy phosphates were better preserved in preconditioned animals. CONCLUSION: Preconditioning prevented @entity1562 and preserved high-energy phosphates after experimental cardiac transplantation.

title: Preconditioning prevents XXXX after cardiac transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stunning']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardial stunning']


abstract: @entity2969 ( @entity2971 ) characteristically display two chromosome 12 abnormalities: the isochromosome i(12p) and concomitant deletions of the long arm. Some genes important in the control of the G(1)-S cell cycle checkpoint G(1)-S, i.e., @entity57024 , @entity17946 are located on this chromosomal region. Therefore, testicular GCTs were analyzed as to the expression of @entity15308 , @entity8985 , @entity14107 , and the expression of their catalytic partners cyclins D1, D2 and E by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. @entity17946 , located on 12p, was overexpressed in 69% (31 of 45) of the @entity5 by a mean factor of 8, including all histological subtypes. In addition, the @entity17946 partner @entity8985 was increased in 41% (21 of 51) of all @entity5 by a factor of 6, most strongly in @entity189 . Sixty-four percent of the @entity4797 and 23% of the @entity4797 had decreased expression of @entity14107 by a mean factor of 5 (P = 0.009). Statistical analysis using configural frequency analysis and regression analysis revealed that @entity17946 and @entity8985 expression were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.682; P = 0.000052), whereas expression of @entity14107 did not correlate with either of them (r(2) = 0.382; P = 0.00085). @entity15308 and its catalytic partner cyclin E were down-regulated in 40% (19 of 47) and 42% (19 of 45) of the @entity5 , respectively, by a factor of 7 each. Western blots and immunohistochemical experiments confirmed @entity17946 and @entity8985 overrepresentation and reduced expression of cyclin E and @entity15308 @entity5 in the few @entity5 under protein study. Despite its localization on 12q13, a hot spot for loss of heterozygosity in testicular GCTs (>40%), Southern blotting revealed no gross DNA alteration of the @entity15308 gene. Because up-regulation of the @entity17946 / @entity8985 complex and down-regulation of cyclin E/ @entity15308 complex were found in @entity4797 as well as in @entity4797 and in all @entity5 stages, these findings seem to be early events during tumorigenesis of testicular GCTS: Together with previous findings that @entity995 mRNA and protein expression is strongly decreased in these @entity5 , these data suggest an unusual deregulated G(1)-S checkpoint as a decisive event for @entity2971 .

title: Up-regulation of @entity8985 / @entity17946 expression but down-regulation of XXXX /cyclin E in testicular @entity2971 .

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors', 'GCT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity57024 :: ('1017;1019', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'non-seminomas']

answer: @entity15308 :: (1017,Gene) :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase 2']


abstract: The @entity1 is an @entity28 , 55-year-old @entity1 . She noticed @entity4125 at several sites when she was 49 years old. She visited our clinic with a chief complaint of exertional @entity1353 at 51 years of age. Physical examination revealed localized @entity4 in the left chest wall and lower abdomen with translucent papules in the center. @entity11124 , hemorrhagic macules, loss of axillary and pubic hairs, and goose-egg sized swellings of submaxillary lymph nodes were also found. Laboratory data were within the normal range except an increase of IgD and low ECG voltage. Bone-marrow puncture revealed an increase (27%) of plasma cells with some atypicality. Serum immunoelectrophoresis clarified IgD lambda-type @entity1581 and lambda-type Bence Jones proteinemia. Histologically, @entity4 with an increase in GAG was conspicuous in the circumscribed areas of the middle dermis. @entity527 was clarified in the walls of arterioles in the deep dermis.

title: Coexistence of papular mucinosis and systemic amyloidosis associated with lambda-type IgD XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['paraproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity11124 :: ('MESH:D008260', 'Disease') :: ['Macroglossia']

answer: @entity1581 :: (MESH:D010265,Disease) :: ['paraproteinemia']