abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytomegaly remains one of the most common infectious complications in organ transplant recipients, and the course of the infection may have a negative effect on survival of the transplant and recipient. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a 32-year-old female @entity1 who received a second kidney transplant from a cadaveric donor in July 2012, treated successfully with @entity4540 for primary @entity2834 infection in August 2012 and then re-treated from November due to re-infection. The viral load at the start of re-treatment was 6 million copies. In view of @entity4540 treatment failure, Sando immunoglobulins were administered. Subsequently, when @entity2834 viral load increased to 18 million copies, a decision was made to use combination treatment with @entity6963 and @entity4540 . Immunosuppressive treatment was also modified by administering @entity2239 in view of its potential antiviral activity. Seizures, pancytopenia, diabetes, diarrhoea, and (probably) drug-induced liver damage and cholangitis were observed in the course of treatment. At 3 months of hospitalization, the @entity1 was discharged home with viral load of 8000 copies. As treatment continuation, she received @entity20638 at the full therapeutic dose in view of very good kidney function ( @entity1011 0.7 mg/dl). The @entity1 was re-hospitalized after 10 days due to fever and cough. Due to abnormal liver function test results and negative serum markers of viral hepatitis, @entity3531 RNA was tested, with a positive result (above 10^8 copies). Subsequently, decline in clinical status, overhydration, increasing @entity1011 levels, hepatic failure signs, and renewed @entity2834 DNA increase to 520 000 copies were observed. Despite intensive treatment, the @entity1 died of multi-organ failure. CONCLUSIONS: The case described illustrates the difficulties in the treatment of @entity2834 infection and its possible dramatic complications.

title: Severe cytomegalovirus infection in a second kidney transplant recipient treated with XXXX , @entity6963 , and immunoglobulins, with complications including seizures, acute @entity3531 infection, drug-induced pancytopenia, diabetes, cholangitis, and multi-organ failure with fatal outcome: a case report.

entities_list: @entity20638 :: ('MESH:C121677', 'Chemical') :: ['valganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity4540 :: (MESH:D015774,Chemical) :: ['ganciclovir']


abstract: @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) plays prominent role in the pathogenesis of liver @entity82 . The mechanism of increased serum and liver @entity7245 during hepatic @entity82 was studied in @entity35 . @entity99 was induced by intraperitoneal injections of @entity1232 ( @entity8576 ) for 7 consecutive days. A group of animals were sacrificed on everyday during injection and also on days 14 and 21 after the start of @entity8576 administration. The @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ) was stained as a marker for activated stellate cells. @entity409 was studied by histochemical methods and serum @entity7245 was monitored by @entity7245 binding protein assay. @entity3802 was stained immunohistochemically. After the start of @entity8576 administration, @entity39 was initiated on day 3 and massive @entity39 was observed on days 5 and 7. @entity82 was developed on day 14 and @entity82 was present on day 21. Staining of @entity1918 demonstrated activated stellate cells from day 3 onwards. Serum @entity7245 peaked on day 7 and reduced afterwards. Serial liver sections stained for @entity7245 revealed excessive accumulation of @entity7245 during @entity8576 administration. On days 14 and 21, @entity1918 and @entity7245 staining was remarkable in fibrotic and cirrhotic areas. @entity3802 staining was negative except during @entity39 . It is concluded that the early elevation of serum @entity7245 is due to the increased synthesis and simultaneous release from the necrotic liver. In latter stages the increase of both serum and liver @entity7245 is contributed by the increased synthesis by the activated stellate cells and reduced clearance by the impaired sinusoidal endothelial cells.

title: Expression of hyaluronic acid in XXXX induced hepatic @entity82 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['early cirrhosis', 'fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['Hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-SMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosodimethylamine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injury']

answer: @entity1232 :: (MESH:D004128,Chemical) :: ['N-nitrosodimethylamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Automated measures of reporting disproportionality in databases of spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions are an emerging tool to identify drug-related alerts. @entity22521 , a new atypical neuroleptic known to prolong the QT interval, was suspended in November 1998 because the proportion of reports of fatal reactions suggesting @entity943 among all reports with @entity22521 was almost ten times higher than that for other atypical neuroleptics in the UK. This excess risk was not predicted in preclinical data and had not been found in premarketing trials. METHOD: Reporting patterns over time were analysed. Prescription Event Monitoring (PEM) studies and a large retrospective cohort allowed for the comparison of actual @entity204 rates with atypical neuroleptics, and to assess which proportion of the deaths that occurred were reported. RESULTS: There were indications of possible skewing of reporting related to notoriety, surveillance and market size effects. @entity204 rates in PEM studies were essentially similar between @entity22521 and other neuroleptics. @entity204 had been two to three times more often reported than other causes of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Proportional reporting ratios indicate differential reporting of possible reactions, not necessarily differential occurrence. There was no indication of an actual increase of risk of all causes or @entity204 during @entity22521 treatment, but only an increased risk of its being reported. The suspension of @entity22521 was rescinded by Committee on Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) in October 2001.

title: Biases affecting the proportional reporting ratio (PPR) in spontaneous reports pharmacovigilance databases: the example of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Death', 'Cardiac deaths', 'cardiac deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity22521 :: ('MESH:C066304', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertindole', 'sertindole']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity22521 :: (MESH:C066304,Chemical) :: ['sertindole']


abstract: Complex though integrated hormonal and metabolic changes characterize pregnancy. In the face of progressive decline in insulin action, @entity413 homeostasis is maintained through a compensatory increase in insulin secretion. This switches energy production from @entity3363 to lipids, making @entity413 readily available to the fetus. This precise and entangled hormonal and metabolic condition can, however, be disrupted and @entity6 can develop ( @entity6677 ). The increase in plasma @entity413 level is believed to confer significant risk of complications to both the mother and the fetus and the newborn. Moreover, exposition of fetal tissues to the diabetic maternal environment can translate into an increased risk for development of @entity6 in the adult life. In @entity1 with previous @entity6677 , the risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 is greatly enhanced, to the point that GDM represents an early stage in the natural history of @entity164 2 @entity6 . In these @entity1 , accurate follow-up and prevention strategies are needed to reduce the subsequent development of overt @entity6 . This paper will review current knowledge on the modifications occurring in normal pregnancy, while outlining the mechanisms. In this paper, we will review the changes of intermediary metabolism occurring during pregnancy. In particular, we will outline the mechanisms responsible for @entity6677 ; the link between these alterations and associated maternal and neonatal morbidity will be examined.

title: Intermediate metabolism in normal pregnancy and in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes and/or the metabolic syndrome', 'diabetes', 'diabetic hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the Raman spectral characteristics of @entity957 , high-grade @entity5115 and normal mucosa. METHODS: Fifty- six fresh @entity1697 , 50 of high-grade @entity5115 and 32 of normal mucosa were collected. The i-Raman spectrometer with an optical fiber tube was applied to acquire Raman spectrum. The diagnostic model established by principle component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to analyze and classify the spectra of different samples. RESULTS: There were significant differences among the Raman spectra of these samples. Compared with the spectra of normal mucosa, the spectra of @entity1697 and @entity1141 showed strong peaks which were contributed to nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. The diagnostic models established by PCA-DFA could successfully classify these Raman spectra of different samples with a high accuracy of 96.4% (133/138). The model was evaluated by 'Leave one out' crossvalidation and reached a high accuracy of 92.8% (128/138). CONCLUSIONS: The proliferation and metabolism of @entity957 and epithelial high-grade @entity1141 are more active than normal mucosa. The diagnostic models established by PCA-DFA can classify these Raman spectra of different samples with a high accuracy.

title: [Raman spectral characteristics of XXXX , @entity5115 and normal mucosa].

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinoma', 'samples of oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: Inherited and acquired @entity49 have been found to be associated with recurrent @entity393 . This paper examines whether or not elevated factor (F)VIII:C plasma levels, which have been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for @entity1211 , are a risk factor for early recurrent miscarriages also. @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 referred to our clinic with a history of early recurrent abortion (at least three pregnancy losses before week 13 of gestation) were eligible for the study. Exclusion criteria were endocrine, immunological, anatomical and genetic causes of embryo demise, as well as any @entity854 , either congenital or acquired, or a personal or familial history of @entity1211 . @entity2801 :C plasma levels were determined in 51 cases and in 51 controls matched for age, ethnicity and blood group. RESULTS: The mean @entity2801 :C level in the control subjects was 106.8 IU dL-1, compared with 128.2 IU dL-1 in the @entity1 group (P = 0.0002). Thirteen (25.5%) of the 51 @entity1 had @entity2801 :C values exceeding the 90th centile of the control population (145 IU dL-1), compared with four subjects in the control group (chi2 = 4.52; P = 0.033; odds ratio = 4.02, 95% confidence interval 1.09, 16.05). No cases with increase in @entity2801 :C levels attributable to an acute-phase reaction, as assessed by C-reactive protein plasma concentration, were found. CONCLUSIONS: We found @entity2801 :C levels significantly higher in @entity1 with early recurrent @entity2208 compared with controls. This finding suggests a possible association between this @entity558 and early reproductive failures.

title: Elevated plasma levels of factor VIII in XXXX with early recurrent @entity2208 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilic condition']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current dose-optimizing Phase II study evaluated the effect of weekly @entity1311 and @entity136 on the response rate and survival of @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) using dose modifications that permitted optimal treatment intensity. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 (40 with TNM Stage IV and 5 with TNM Stage IIIB @entity1149 ) were treated with @entity136 at 1000 mg/m(2) via a 30-minute intravenous (i.v.) infusion and with @entity1311 at 100 mg/m(2) via a 60-minute i.v. infusion. The first 3 @entity1 received chemotherapy on Days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks; the next 42 @entity1 , participating in the Phase II trial, received chemotherapy on Days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. RESULTS: The 3 @entity1 who received @entity1311 and @entity136 on Days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks tolerated the treatment poorly. One @entity1 died suddenly after Day 15 treatment during the first cycle, and the other 2 @entity1 discontinued the treatment because of unacceptable @entity137 before the third cycle of chemotherapy. The next 42 @entity1 , 40 of whom were evaluable, entered this trial between May 2000 and April 2001. They received @entity1311 at 100 mg/m(2) i.v. followed by @entity136 at 1000 mg/m(2) i.v. on Days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. Two @entity1 (5%) achieved complete response, 20 (50%) achieved partial response, and 8 (20%) had stable disease. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 9.8 months; and 1-year survival was 35%. The 32 @entity1 with performance status (PS) 0 or 1 had an @entity1349 of 11 months; the 8 @entity1 with PS 2 had an @entity1349 of 3 months. @entity137 (especially hematologic @entity137 , @entity16 , and @entity1665 ) was minimal. CONCLUSION: A weekly @entity1311 and @entity136 regimen that incorporated the authors' dose modifications resulted in good efficacy with minimal @entity137 .

title: Weekly XXXX and @entity136 chemotherapy for metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ): a dose-optimizing phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Median survival', 'MS']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: @entity4296 ( @entity4296 ) consists of an abnormal accumulation of fluid in two or more fetal compartments, including @entity843 , @entity1143 , @entity2294 , and @entity4 . Almost all observed cases of @entity4296 are of the nonimmune type, the causes of which remain undetermined in 15% of @entity1 . We report a newborn @entity1 with @entity4296 ( @entity4296 ) and @entity6750 . The @entity1 's mother was healthy and there were no malformations of the placenta or umbilical cord. The @entity1 did not show any structural @entity3002 , cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or urinary tract systems, and there was no evidence of @entity417 , @entity166 , or @entity2246 . An immune-based process was unlikely, because the blood group of the mother and @entity1 was A-positive and results of an indirect Coombs test in the mother and a direct Coombs test in the @entity1 were negative. The @entity1 's condition gradually improved with mechanical ventilation, repeated thoracocentesis, and total parenteral nutrition. By day 5 of age the @entity4 , @entity2294 , and @entity843 disappeared, but accumulation of significant amounts of chylous pleural fluid persisted. Because of lethargy, FT4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were obtained and showed @entity1375 . Thyroid hormone supplementation was then started, and within 4 days the @entity1 became more vigorous and was weaned from mechanical ventilation. After 7 days, the chylothorax resolved completely as the serum thyroxine level normalized. No reaccumulation of @entity1143 was noticed. The @entity1 started to gain weight and was discharged from the hospital at 35 days of age. A possible pathophysiologic association between @entity6750 and @entity4296 is discussed. @entity4296 may be caused by lymphatic congestion attributable to an impairment of lymphatic flow and a delayed return of lymph to the vascular compartment. There could be a possibility that because of @entity1374 in this @entity1 , there was reduced adrenergic stimulation of the lymphatic system. This could result in a sluggish flow of the lymph with engorgement of the lymphatic system, leakage of lymph into the pleura and the interstitial spaces, and the production of chylothorax with @entity4296 . Animal studies demonstrate a direct relationship between lymph flow rate or lung liquid clearance and adrenergic receptor activity in the lymphatic system. These observations support our hypothesis that @entity3457 in @entity6750 might lead to chylothorax with @entity4296 in the fetus. We speculate that thyroid hormone may play a role in the regulation of adrenergic receptors in the lymphatic system and lungs, thus modulating both the lymphatic flow rate and lung liquid clearance, and facilitating the resolution of chylothorax. Examination of thyroid functions should be included in the investigation of fetuses and neonates with @entity4296 of an obscure origin.

title: @entity6750 and XXXX : associated?

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['skin edema']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of his central nervous']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrops fetalis', 'HF', 'NIHF', 'nonimmune hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['deficient adrenergic activity']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn error of metabolism']

answer: @entity4296 :: (MESH:D015160,Disease) :: ['nonimmune hydrops fetalis']


abstract: Two pairs of sisters with identical @entity438 are reported. In the first family, a sibship of three, the two female members presented with @entity510 from identical, left internal carotid artery bifurcation @entity439 . The @entity510 occurred in one of the sisters at the age of 20 and at the age of 50 in the other. The remaining healthy sibling, a 40-year-old male, underwent elective cerebral angiography, which was normal. The other sibship, two 48-year-old female identical twins, had identical right middle cerebral @entity438 . The first twin became symptomatic after @entity510 . The @entity439 in her identical twin was identified by screening angiography. There were no verified @entity510 among the parents and grandparents in either family. No @entity3002 were identified and collagen type 3 deficiencies were excluded. The identical location of these @entity439 , particularly in view of the relatively rare location in the first family, suggests that local factors in the developing vascular tree may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity439 in addition to @entity3002 affecting the general structure of cerebral vascular walls.

title: XXXX in siblings: report of two families.

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'subarachnoid haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['systemic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'saccular aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'familial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Identical cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: It is obvious that natural selection operates at the level of individuals and collections of individuals. Nearly two decades ago we showed that in multi-individual colonies of protochordate colonial tunicates sharing a blood circulation, there exists an exchange of somatic stem cells and germline stem cells, resulting in somatic chimeras and stem cell competitions for gonadal niches. Stem cells are unlike other cells in the body in that they alone self-renew, so that they form clones that are perpetuated for the life of the organism. Stem cell competitions have allowed the emergence of competitive somatic and germline stem cell clones. Highly successful germline stem cells usually outcompete less successful competitors both in the gonads of the genotype partner from which they arise and in the gonads of the natural parabiotic partners. Therefore, natural selection also operates at the level of germline stem cell clones. In the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri the formation of natural parabionts is prevented by a single-locus highly polymorphic histocompatibility gene called Botryllus histocompatibility factor. This limits germline stem cell predation to kin, as the locus has hundreds of alleles. We show that in @entity19 germline stem cells compete for gonad niches, and in @entity19 and @entity1 , blood-forming stem cells also compete for bone marrow niches. We show that the clonal progression from blood-forming stem cells to acute @entity1778 by successive genetic and epigenetic events in blood stem cells also involves competition and selection between clones and propose that this is a general theme in @entity5 .

title: Stem cells are units of natural selection for tissue formation, for germline development, and in XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hospital environment is considered the main source of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity1778 @entity1 . This study aimed to describe Aspergillus colonisation in @entity1778 @entity1 and their hospital environment and to test whether Aspergillus environmental contamination was associated with @entity3 . For a 2-year period including 14-month renovation work, 91 acute @entity1778 inpatients at the hematology department of University hospital in Sousse (Tunisia) were prospectively included. The incidence of probable @entity3 (EORTC/MSG criteria) was 9.9%. Fifty-six Aspergillus were isolated from 53 (6.5%) of 811 sputa collected from 35 (38.5%) @entity1 . Aspergillus spp. were isolated in 59.7% of 494 air samples and in 52.8% of 1579 surface samples taken in the @entity1 ' room. Aspergillus section Nigri (72.7%) was the most frequent. Aspergillus contamination peaked in autumn and winter on surface and in summer and autumn in air samples and was higher (P  =  0.03) during the renovation work period. Multivariate analysis showed that for each Aspergillus section Nigri CFU airborne contamination @entity3 risk increased by 1.05 (P  =  0.04). In Tunisia, Aspergillus section Nigri and Flavi, but not Fumigati, are chiefly involved in @entity3 . Our findings support @entity514 implementation of airborne fungal contamination control measures in areas where immunocompromised @entity1 are hospitalised.

title: Hospital environment fungal contamination and aspergillosis risk in acute XXXX @entity1 in Sousse (Tunisia).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1017 after diagnosis of @entity0 is a profound issue that may negatively impact @entity5 prognosis. However, most existing research on weight change has been conducted in Western countries. In addition, several factors related to @entity1017 have been reported; however, the evidence is inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine @entity1017 and its correlates among @entity0 survivors. METHODS: A total of 132 female @entity0 survivors were recruited from one university hospital in South Korea. @entity1 completed anthropometric measurements (i.e., body weight, height) and a self-reported questionnaire, including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and Mini Dietary Assessment. RESULTS: The mean weight change was  -0.09  kg (SD  =  4.28). Only 27 @entity1 (19.7%) gained more than 5% of their weight at diagnosis, 59.1% maintained weight, and 21.2% lost weight. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, significant correlates of @entity1017 were younger age, @entity28 at diagnosis, duration of more than 36 months since diagnosis, and low diet quality. CONCLUSION: Younger @entity1 , @entity1 who were @entity28 at diagnosis, @entity1 with more than 36 months since diagnosis, or @entity1 who showed lower diet quality should be considered at high-risk for @entity1017 . Findings from our study suggest that optimal weight management strategies should be developed using ethnically- or culturally-appropriate approaches.

title: Weight Gain and its Correlates among XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Korean breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain', 'weight gain']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer Survivors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unexpected exacerbation of @entity410 may occur following initiation of treatment with @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ). We reviewed the occurrence of such reactions in our @entity1 population at a tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of our clinic database identified 129/691 (18.6%) @entity1 with @entity302 treated with @entity2050 , as monotherapy. 38/129 @entity1 were later switched to another drug. In 11/38 (28.5%) clinical and/or EEG deterioration was observed. Two @entity1 identified at another institution with similar exacerbation were also included in our analysis. We report on the findings in these 13 cases. RESULTS: Two groups were identified: Group I--6 @entity1 with normal neurological exam, normal EEG background, and a diagnosis of @entity3762 . Group II--7 @entity1 with an abnormal neurological exam and/or abnormal EEG background. Following introduction of @entity2050 therapy, worsening of preexisting @entity410 , appearance of new @entity410 types, behavioral regression, and accompanying EEG deterioration were reported in both groups. Dramatic improvement in @entity410 control occurred, following withdrawal of @entity2050 and substitution of another anticonvulsant. CONCLUSION: Physicians treating @entity302 must be aware that @entity2050 can exacerbate @entity410 , and cause developmental regression in @entity1 . Careful @entity1 selection, when choosing @entity2050 as treatment, and prompt recognition of clinical deterioration and intervention, may help avoid or reverse these paradoxical reactions.

title: XXXX exacerbation and developmental regression with @entity2049 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: Sensitivity of neurons to @entity172 in down-regulation of @entity172 receptor alpha ( @entity7605 ) can be thought to make a sex difference in regulatory system of reproductive activities. In this study, to investigate the sex difference of expression of @entity7605 in the @entity2339 and midbrain, the number of @entity7605 immunoreactive (-ir) cells was counted in orchidectomized (OCX) and ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 with or without treatment with @entity172 . A week after the gonadectomy, 5 @entity35 in each female and male were injected with 1mg @entity4520 (EB). The remaining 5 @entity35 in both sexes did not receive EB. The brain was fixed 24h after EB-injection and 50 microm-serial frozen sections were made. After immunohistochemical staining for @entity7605 , the number of @entity7605 -ir cells was counted in a 0.2-mm2 frame in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPvN), the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (vlVMN), the arcuate nucleus (ARCN), and the lateral mesencephalic central gray (lMCG) in 2 or 3 sections. The total number of @entity7605 -ir cells was changed to a density value (number per 1mm3). As the results, in EB-treated @entity35 , the density of @entity7605 -ir cells in all regions, except the male AVPvN and male lMCG, were lower than those in untreated @entity35 of both sexes. In the vlVMN, the density of @entity7605 -ir cells in OVX @entity35 was higher than in OCX @entity35 . These results suggest that there are sex and regional differences in the mechanisms of down-regulation of @entity7605 by @entity172 in the @entity35 brain.

title: Sex and regional differences in decrease of XXXX receptor alpha-immunoreactive cells by @entity172 in @entity35 @entity2339 and midbrain.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of markers for prediction of the clinical course of @entity2316 remains a major challenge in disease management. We established a proteomics approach for identification of @entity2316 -related biomarkers in urine. METHODS: We used SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry and @entity22484 protein arrays to compare protein profiles from urine of 4 defined @entity1 groups. Samples from @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ; n = 45) without @entity8 and without microalbuminuria ( @entity3918 -WNP), @entity1 with @entity3918 with macro- or microalbuminuria ( @entity3918 ; n = 38), @entity1 with @entity644 due to @entity8 (n = 34), and healthy controls (n = 45) were analyzed. Anionic exchange, reversed-phase fractionation, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry were used to isolate and identify proteins with high discriminatory power. RESULTS: A protein with m/z 6188 (P <0.0000004) was strongly released in the urine of healthy controls, @entity1 with @entity644 due to @entity66 , and @entity3918 -WNP in contrast to @entity3918 @entity1 . An m/z 14 766 protein (P <0.00008) was selectively excreted in the urine of @entity3918 @entity1 , whereas the protein with m/z 11 774 (P <0.000004) was significantly excreted by @entity1 with @entity644 and @entity3918 . The m/z 11 774 and m/z 14 766 mass peaks were identified as @entity2262 and @entity54518 , a ubiquitin ribosomal fusion protein, respectively. The protein with m/z 6188 was identified as a processed form of ubiquitin. CONCLUSION: The release of high amounts of @entity54518 in urine of @entity3918 @entity1 could serve as a diagnostic marker, whereas the lack of the short form of ubiquitin raises interesting questions about the pathophysiology.

title: Characterization of @entity2316 by urinary proteomic analysis: identification of a processed ubiquitin form as a differentially excreted protein in @entity2316 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'nondiabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2)-microglobulin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have increased dramatically, potentially increasing the prevalence of @entity3147 . The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of food restriction during the first year after bariatric surgery (BS) on nutritional parameters. METHODS: Twenty-two and 30 @entity28 @entity1 undergoing GBP and SG were prospectively followed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12  months after BS (N   =   14 and N   =   19 at T12). We evaluated food intake and nutrient adequacy (T0, T3, T12), as well as serum vitamin and mineral concentration (T0, T3, T6, T12). RESULTS: At baseline, GBP and SG @entity1 had similar clinical characteristics, food intake, nutrient adequacy, and serum concentration. The drastic energy and food reduction led to very low probabilities of adequacy for nutrients similar in both models (T3, T12). Serum analysis demonstrated a continuous decrease in prealbumin during the follow-up, indicating mild protein depletion in 37 and 38  % of GBP @entity1 and 57 and 52  % of SG @entity1 , respectively, at T3 and T12. Conversely, despite the low probabilities of adequacy observed at T3 and T12, systematic multivitamin and mineral supplementation after GBP and SG prevented most @entity3147 . CONCLUSIONS: GBP and SG have comparable effects in terms of energy and food restriction and subsequent risk of micronutrient and @entity1131 in the first year post BS. Such results advocate for a cautious monitoring of protein intake after @entity36678 and SG and a systematic multivitamin and mineral supplementation in the first year after SG.

title: Micronutrient and XXXX After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: a 1-year Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiencies']

answer: @entity1131 :: (MESH:D011488,Disease) :: ['Protein Deficiencies']


abstract: There is a strong association between cigarette smoking and accelerated @entity101 . In mild @entity101 smoking cigarettes has a distinct pressor effect and @entity5834 a small but more prolonged pressor action. Coffee and cigarette smoking together have an additive effect on blood pressure (BP). We have examined the interaction of cigarette smoking and drinking coffee on the BP of six @entity1 who presented with accelerated @entity101 (mean BP 240/140 mm Hg) and were heavy smokers and @entity5834 users. After initial control of the BP, the effects of smoking alone, coffee plus smoking, and placebo were examined in a balanced cross-over study. Baseline BP averaged 154/91 mm Hg and remained stable for 90 min after abstention from smoking and @entity5834 (placebo). Cigarette smoking without @entity5834 caused a modest rise in BP (mean 9/8 mm Hg), but the combination of coffee plus cigarette smoking caused a progressive increase in BP to an average 21/17 mm Hg (P < 0.05/P < 0.002) higher than placebo values. The effect of coffee was significantly additive to that of smoking alone. Smoking plus coffee ingestion shifted the BP from acceptable (155/94 mm Hg) to poor control (175/107 mm Hg). This pressor effect was observed despite treatment, and with amounts of @entity5834 and cigarettes which were in no way unusual for these @entity1 . We propose that the association of cigarette smoking with accelerated @entity101 may reflect an extreme pressor effect of combined smoking and @entity5834 use in some @entity1 .

title: Effect of coffee and cigarette smoking on the blood pressure of XXXX with accelerated (malignant) @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Approximately 20% of @entity1 suffer from @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ) and stress @entity322 (SUI). Furthermore, @entity3577 and @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) symptoms often coexist. Midurethral slings and mesh surgeries are both considered to be risk factors for de novo @entity2182 symptoms. The aim of our study was to determine whether simultaneous midurethral sling insertion at the time of @entity3577 mesh surgery further increases the risk of de novo @entity2182 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 234 @entity1 who underwent surgery in our department between August 2007 and October 2009 (114 @entity1 underwent surgery because of coexisting @entity3577 and SUI, and 120 underwent surgery because @entity3577 alone). The @entity1 were evaluated at follow-up visits scheduled after 6-8 weeks and after 12 months. All @entity1 underwent surgery using the Gynecare Prolift Pelvic Floor Repair System, whereas in @entity1 with additional overt or occult SUI after restoration of the pelvic anatomy monofilament midurethral slings were simultaneously inserted. The chi-squared test was used to compare the study groups. RESULTS: De novo @entity2182 symptoms were significantly more pronounced among @entity1 in the Prolift only surgery group (23.3%) compared to the Prolift with IVS04M group (10.5%; p = 0.0093). CONCLUSIONS: Midurethral sling insertion at the time of @entity3577 surgery significantly decreases the rate of postoperative de novo @entity2182 symptoms. The lack of anatomical success of the mesh-based reconstructive surgery is a risk factor for the development of de novo @entity2182 symptoms.

title: Does a midurethral sling inserted at the time of XXXX mesh surgery increase the rate of de novo @entity2182 ? A prospective longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse', 'POP']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) therapy is still an unsolved challenge. Recent reports have underlined that hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) therapy could play a role in slowing the retinal degenerative process. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of HBO therapy on visual function in @entity6391 @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a single-center, comparative, longitudinal case-controlled randomized clinical trial, which lasted 10 years. We randomly divided @entity6391 @entity1 into two groups. Group 1, the control group, consisted of 44 @entity6391 @entity1 (21 males and 23 females; mean age 35.5) who took @entity904 . Group 2, with 44 @entity6391 @entity1 (21 males and 23 females; mean age 35,02), underwent HBO therapy. No statistically significant difference was found at the beginning of the study between the two groups. We compared the results concerning visual acuity, Goldmann perimetry, static perimetry Humphrey field analyzer (HFA), and electroretinogram (ERG) obtained in the two groups at 5 and 10 years follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier life-table with the evaluation of log-rank coefficient. RESULTS: At 5 year follow-up, 87.5% of group 2 @entity1 preserved 80% of the initial visual acuity, while the same result was achieved in only 70.4% of group 1 @entity1 (X(2) = 8.2; p < 0.01); at 10 year follow-up, 63.33% of group 2 @entity1 preserved 80% of the initial visual acuity, while the same percentage of residual visual acuity was maintained in 40% of group 1 @entity1 (X(2) = 3.22; p = 0.05). At 10 year follow-up, Goldmann perimetry (target I4e) did not change in 31.6% of group 2 and in 10.5% of group 1; evaluation of @entity154 ( @entity154 ) with static perimetry HFA showed that 53% of HBO @entity1 had 80% of residual mean sensitivity compared to 23.5% of the control group @entity1 (X(2) = 4.72; p = 0.035). ERG b-wave mean values at the end of the protocol were significantly higher in the HBO treated group (X(2) = 4.53; p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Our study underlines that HBO therapy can be a safe alternative approach to @entity6391 @entity1 , contributing to the stabilization of their visual function concerning visual acuity, visual field, and ERG responses while waiting for a definite cure.

title: Slowing the degenerative process, long lasting effect of hyperbaric XXXX therapy in @entity6391 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean defect']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['Retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Plasma miRNAs represent potential minimally invasive biomarkers to monitor and predict outcomes from chemotherapy. The primary goal of the current study-consisting of @entity1 with recurrent, @entity902 -resistant @entity43 -was to identify the changes in circulating miRNA concentrations associated with @entity11508 followed by @entity3003 chemotherapy treatment. A secondary goal was to associate clinical response with changes in circulating miRNA concentration. METHODS: We measured miRNA concentrations in plasma samples from 14 @entity1 with @entity902 -resistant, recurrent @entity43 enrolled in a phase II clinical trial that were treated with a low dose of the hypomethylating agent (HMA) @entity11508 for 5 days followed by @entity3003 on day 8. The primary endpoint was to determine chemotherapy-associated changes in plasma miRNA concentrations. The secondary endpoint was to correlate miRNA changes with clinical response as measured by progression free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Seventy-eight miRNA plasma concentrations were measured at baseline (before treatment) and at the end of the first cycle of treatment (day 29). Of these, 10 miRNAs (miR-193a-5p, @entity26261 , miR-339-3p, miR-340-5p, miR-532-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-10a-5p, @entity67912 , and @entity20478 -5p) displayed fold changes in concentration ranging from -2.9 to 4 (p<0.05), in recurrent @entity902 resistant @entity43 @entity1 , that were associated with response to @entity11508 followed by @entity3003 chemotherapy. Furthermore, lower concentrations of @entity20478 -5p after this chemotherapy regimen were associated (P<0.05) with the PFS. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report demonstrating altered circulating miRNA concentrations following a combination @entity902 plus HMA chemotherapy regiment. In addition, circulating @entity20478 -5p concentrations were associated with PFS and may represent a novel biomarker of therapeutic response, with this chemotherapy regimen, in @entity1 with recurrent, @entity43 .

title: XXXX with @entity11508 Therapy, in Recurrent @entity902 Resistant @entity43 , Alters Circulating miRNAs Concentrations: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'drug-resistant ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ['decitabine']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['Carboplatin']


abstract: Background. The study aimed to assess whether @entity1 with @entity6677 (pGDM), despite maintenance of normal @entity413 tolerance (NGT) five years after delivery, display @entity209 compared to healthy controls. Methods. 45   pGDM with NGT were compared to 18 @entity1 without a history of GDM (CON), matched for age (37.0        4.1 versus 35.2        5.3, P = ns) and BMI (24.3        3.1 versus 23.3        3.3, P = ns). Metabolic parameters were derived from oral and intravenous @entity413 tolerance tests; furthermore lipid profile, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity1254 , leptin, and glucagon were assessed. Results. Five years postpartum, pGDM had increased @entity413 concentrations during the OGTT (AUC: 1.12        0.15 versus 1.0        0.12   mol/L     min, P = 0.003) and insulin sensitivity was decreased compared to CON (OGIS: 467.2        64.1 versus 510.6        53.1   mL/min     m(2), P = 0.01). pGDM had lower @entity1254 (8.1        2.6 versus 12.6        5.3, P < 0.008) but increased waist circumference and @entity1851 compared to CON. Conclusions. Despite diagnosis of normal @entity413 tolerance, pGDM are characterized by @entity4854 and insulin resistance compared to healthy controls, accompanied by decreased @entity1254 and increased @entity1851 concentrations, thus linking @entity209 to an increased cardiovascular risk in pGDM.

title: Hidden XXXX in @entity1 with normal @entity413 tolerance five years after gestational diabetes.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['prior gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic disturbances']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5019 Background: @entity470 over expression is seen in 60-80% of @entity1204 (EC) and may have a major role in @entity5 growth and progression. @entity3866 is an orally active, selective inhibitor of @entity470 @entity4149 kinase activity. METHODS: A 2 stage phase II study was performed to evaluate single agent activity of @entity3866 in EC. Multinomial endpoints incorporating response and @entity66 were used. @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic EC, with measurable disease, chemotherapy na  ve and up to 1 line of prior hormonal therapy were eligible to participate. @entity1 (pts) received single agent @entity3866 at a daily dose of 150 mg continuously. A cycle was defined as 4 weeks of therapy, with response assessment every 2 cycles. RESULTS: Twenty seven pts have been entered to date, with 25 evaluable for @entity137 and 23 for response (1 cancelled before starting, 1 had only 5 days of trial drug, additional 2 pts too early for assessment). Treatment was well tolerated with 60% of pts receiving 90% of planned dose intensity. Seven had dose reductions (3 for @entity137 ; 3 @entity294 and 1 @entity1036 /conjuctivitis). The most common drug related @entity137 was @entity1910 (2 grade(gr)3, 10 gr2 and 10 gr1). Drug related severe @entity137 was infrequent with the only gr4 @entity137 being an elevation of transaminases (SGOT). Grade-3 @entity137 included 3 pts with @entity294 , 1 @entity1910 and @entity111 , 1 @entity281 and @entity1353 , plus single reports of @entity1295 , @entity4841 , @entity1036 / @entity2024 , @entity1910 , puritis and an elevation of @entity648 . There were no grade 3 or 4 hematologic @entity137 . To date there is 1 confirmed partial response (PR) of disease in the mesentery and lungs lasting 10.4 mo. 12 pts have had @entity66 ( @entity66 ), with median duration of 3.4 mo (1.5-7.6). @entity470 status using primary archival @entity5 tissue has been analyzed on 12 pts to date; 7 were positive, 5 were negative. Of the 7 pts who were @entity470 positive, 1 had a PR, 3 @entity66 and 3 progressive disease( @entity1726 ). Of 5 who were @entity470 negative, 2 had @entity66 and 3 @entity1726 . CONCLUSION: @entity3866 in @entity1204 is well tolerated. The study has fulfilled criteria to proceed stage II, with planned accrual of 30 evaluable @entity1 . [Table: see text].

title: Phase II study of XXXX ( @entity3866 ) in @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity1204 : NCIC CTG IND-148.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['non-neutropenic infection']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effects of three changes in radiotherapy technique on the outcomes for @entity1 irradiated postoperatively for @entity1177 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: The data of 146 @entity1 treated between 1969 and 2002 were reviewed. The @entity1 were separated into two groups according to the date of treatment. Group 1 included 90 @entity1 treated before 1991 and Group 2 included 56 @entity1 treated after 1991, when the three changes were implemented. The outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: No differences were found in the 5-year overall survival, recurrence-free survival, local control, nodal control, or distant @entity3 rates between the two groups (51% vs. 62%, 51% vs. 57%, 76% vs. 70%, 82% vs. 83%, and 28% vs. 17% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively). The three changes were to increase the portals to cover the base of the skull in @entity1 with perineural invasion, reducing their risk of local recurrence; the addition of elective neck irradiation in @entity1 with squamous or undifferentiated histologic features, improving the nodal control, distant @entity3 , and recurrence-free survival rates (64% vs. 93%, 20% vs. 3%, and 45% vs. 67%, respectively; p < 0.05 for all comparisons); and improving the dose distributions within the target volume, reducing the late Grade 3-4 complication rates (34% in Group 1 vs. 8% in Group 2, p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis revealed advancing age, the need for enucleation, and positive margins as independent predictors of worse overall survival. The need for enucleation also predicted for worse local control. CONCLUSION: The three changes in radiotherapy technique improved the outcomes for select @entity1 as predicted. Despite these changes, little demonstrable overall improvement occurred in local control or survival for these @entity1 and additional work must be done.

title: Postoperative radiotherapy for XXXX : long-term outcomes and toxicities of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1177 :: (MESH:D008444,Disease) :: ['maxillary sinus cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate distinguishing features between @entity162 , II and @entity308 , and impulsivity/ @entity146 traits in particular. METHODS: Six hundred and eighty-five (n=685) @entity1 in a major @entity308 with lifetime Unipolar (UP) @entity308 (n=455), @entity162 (n=151), and @entity162 were compared in terms of their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Compared to unipolar @entity1 , BP-I and BP-II @entity308 @entity1 were significantly younger at onset of their first @entity308 , and were more likely to experience their first @entity308 before/at age of 15. They also had more previous affective episodes, more first- and second-degree relatives with history of @entity162 , more current @entity716 and @entity162 , and received psychopharmacological and psychotherapy treatment at an earlier age. Furthermore, BP-I and BP-II @entity308 @entity1 had higher lifetime impulsivity, @entity146 , and hostility scores. With regard to bipolar subtypes, BP-I @entity1 had more trait-impulsivity and lifetime @entity146 than BP-II @entity1 whereas the latter had more hostility than BP-I @entity1 . As for co-morbid disorders, Cluster A and B Personality Disorders, alcohol and substance abuse/dependence and @entity148 were more prevalent in BP-I and BP-II than in unipolar @entity1 . Whereas the three groups did not differ on other socio-demographic variables, BP-I @entity1 were significantly more often unemployed that UP @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our findings comport with major previous findings on differences between @entity162 . As for trait characteristics, @entity162 and II @entity308 @entity1 had more life-time impulsivity and @entity146 /hostility than unipolar @entity1 . In addition, @entity162 and II @entity1 also differed on these trait characteristics.

title: @entity162 : Clinical differences and impulsivity/ XXXX traits.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar II (BP-II) (n=79) disorder', 'bipolar I', 'subsyndromal manic symptoms', 'bipolar and unipolar depression', 'mania', 'Bipolar I (BP-I) disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'unipolar depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The genus Raoultella belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Raoultella spp. are Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile rods. This genus can be distinguished from the genus Klebsiella, in that genus use @entity112 as the only source of @entity505 in the medium. Also, Raoultella grow at 4    C and do not produce gas from @entity1132 at 44.5    C. Raoultella sp. is known to inhabit natural environments (water, soil, plants). The reservoir of Raoultella is the gastrointestinal tract and upper respiratory tract. Raoultella spp. are opportunistic bacteria, which usually cause @entity281 of the biliary tract, @entity55 and @entity582 in oncologic and with lower immunity @entity1 . @entity17513 and @entity63083 are the most frequently encountered @entity1 pathogens among the genus Raoultella. In this review, the current knowledge on @entity281 is summarized.

title: Raoultella spp.-clinical significance, XXXX and susceptibility to antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Raoultella infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity63083 :: ('54291', 'Species') :: ['Raoultella ornithinolytica']

entities_list: @entity17513 :: ('575', 'Species') :: ['Raoultella planticola']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: It has been reported that @entity32 ( @entity32 ) inhibited bone repair in animal studies, and suppressed proliferation and induced cell death in @entity35 osteoblast cultures. In this study, we further investigated the molecular mechanisms of @entity3224 effects on proliferation and cell death in @entity1 osteoblasts (hOBs). We examined the effects of @entity619 (10(-7) and 10(-6)M), non-selective non-steroidal @entity32 (NSAIDs): @entity3352 , @entity6058 , @entity5230 and @entity3522 (10(-5) and 10(-4)M), and @entity2247 inhibitor: @entity12698 (10(-6) and 10(-5)M) on proliferation, @entity137 , cell death, and mRNA and protein levels of cell cycle and apoptosis-related regulators in hOBs. All the tested @entity32 significantly inhibited proliferation and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in hOBs. @entity12698 and @entity619 , but not non-selective NSAIDs, were found to have cytotoxic effects on hOB, and further demonstrated to induce apoptosis and @entity39 (at higher concentration) in hOBs. We further found that @entity3352 , @entity12698 and @entity619 increased the mRNA and protein expressions of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and decreased those of @entity17946 and p- @entity15308 in hOBs. Bak expression was increased by @entity12698 and @entity619 , while @entity1836 level was declined only by @entity619 . Furthermore, the replenishment of PGE1, @entity1421 or PGF2alpha did not reverse the effects of @entity32 on proliferation and expressions of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity17946 in hOBs. We conclude that the changes in expressions of regulators of cell cycle ( @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity17946 ) and/or apoptosis (Bak and @entity1836 ) by @entity32 may contribute to @entity32 caused proliferation suppression and apoptosis in hOBs. This effect might not relate to the blockage of prostaglandin synthesis by @entity32 .

title: Anti-inflammatory drugs suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis through altering expressions of cell cycle regulators and pro-apoptotic factors in cultured XXXX osteoblasts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['anti-inflammatory drugs', 'AIDs']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib', 'celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recently both the American @entity6 Organization (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO) have revised the diagnostic recommendations for @entity6 ( @entity6 ), however, they did not not reach agreement on the criteria for diagnosis, the referral criteria for the confirmatory oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), its standardization, and diagnostic cut-off point. The aims of this study were to investigate if the fasting venous plasma @entity413 mmol/l (f-vPG) and the 2-hour venous plasma @entity413 mmol/l (2h-vPG) after a WHO standardized 75 g oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) in a non-risk group of pregnant @entity1 during first and third trimester of pregnancy deviated from that of risk groups, to establish a reference interval for f-vPG and 2h-vPG, and to investigate the predictive role of f-vPG for the 2h-vPG @entity413 concentration. This is a population-based case-control study where a consecutive number of pregnant @entity1 were invited to screening irrespective of their risk factors for @entity6 . All @entity1 filled in a questionnaire of the Danish national screening program on risk factors and had f-vPG and the 2h-vPG measured. By ruling out @entity1 with @entity6 and risk factors, we isolated a non-risk reference class. The In f-vPG parametric 97.5 centile was less than 5% higher during week 32 of pregnancy than during week 20, and therefore these groups were combined. The f-vPG 95% reference interval was from 4.01 mmol/l (95% CI: 3.96 to 4.07 mmol/l) to 5.26 mmol/l (95% CI: 5.19 to 5.34 mmol/l). "The true upper normal limit", the 99.9 centile, was 5.69 mmol/l (95% CI: 5.59 to 5.80 mmol/l). The f-vPG was 0.6 mmol/l lower over the whole range in pregnant @entity1 compared to age-matched non-pregnant @entity1 . The distribution of 2h-vPG concentrations at week 20 was non-Gaussian and therefore considered non-homogeneous, while it was Gaussian distributed and homogeneous at week 32. The 2h-vPG 95% reference interval of the combined weeks was from 2.80 mmol/l (95% CI: 2.56 to 3.04 mmol/l) to 7.58 mmol/l (95% CI: 7.34 to 7.82 mmol/l), and the upper limit of normal (99.9 centile) was 8.96 mmol/l (95% CI: 8.63 to 9.29 mmol/l). Distributions of f-vPG and 2h-vPG were distinct in our defined risk classes. In individual cases, no systematic correlation was found between the f-vPG concentration at week 20 and week 32. The f-vPG concentrations at any of the weeks did not predict the 2h-vPG level and no single clinical risk factor was decisive for the presence of @entity6 .

title: Fasting and post- @entity413 load--reference limits for peripheral venous plasma @entity413 concentration in pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'gestational diabetes mellitus', 'GDM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Retrospectively analyzing the history of three @entity1 with @entity674 ( @entity674 ) treated over a period of 1 year in the surgical department of our regional hospital, we tried to answer the following questions: using the current recommendations in the literature, how are the macro- and microscopic features and clinical presentation to be interpreted? Which prognostic and therapeutic conclusions should we draw, giving special consideration to practice-orientated management of such cases. The @entity1 were 65, 75 and 88 years old respectively, and in each case the @entity674 manifested as recurrent @entity360 . During surgical treatment four @entity356 ranging in cross section between 2.5 and 8 cm were found. The @entity674 diagnosis was established after light microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations. Going through the current literature, a large number of structural and immunohistochemical criteria have come to light for determining its classification and potential @entity5 . On the other hand, very few subsequent recommendations concerning therapy and prognosis can be found and follow-up recommendations are almost unavailable. We conclude that GISTs are difficult to diagnose because of their locality and that their clinical behavior is uncertain. The potential @entity5 , on the other hand, requires a well-founded diagnostic procedure in the form of the best possible pre-therapeutic staging. Furthermore, initially radical surgical treatment should be adopted and the follow-up should be adapted to the risk involved. The latter is arbitrary and further clinical studies are required.

title: [Gastrointestinal stroma tumor: a surgical oncology problem XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this pilot study was to begin to examine the effect of dietary protein source (soy protein versus non-soy protein) during @entity353 and functional decline risk factors in older, abdominally obese adults. DESIGN: Two-arm, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157, USA. @entity1 : 25 older (68.4  5.5 years, 88% female), abdominally obese (BMI: 35.1  4.3 kg/m2; WC: 101.4  13.1 cm) @entity1 and @entity1 were randomized to participate in the study. INTERVENTION: A 12-week @entity353 intervention, with @entity1 randomized to consume soy protein-based meal replacements (S; n=12) or non-soy protein-based meal replacements (NS; n=12), in addition to prepared meals, and all @entity1 targeted to receive an individualized caloric deficit of 500 kcal/day. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight and composition (assessed via DXA and CT), conventional biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, and physical performance measures were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Additional endpoints of feasibility (accrual, participation, retention, compliance, and safety) are reported. RESULTS: A total of 24 @entity1 (87% female) completed the study (96% retention) and lost an average of 7.8  3.0 kg over the 12-week period, with no difference seen between groups (p=0.83). Although nearly all measures of global and regional body composition were significantly reduced following the 12-week intervention, differences were not observed between groups. Among cardiometabolic risk factors and physical performance measures, only diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the NS group compared to the S group (66.7  2.7 mmHg vs 73.5  2.7 mmHg, respectively; p=0.04). Interestingly, in groups combined, despite significant reductions in body weight and lean mass, no significant changes in 400-meter walk time (+5.3  43.4 s), short physical performance battery score (+0.1  1.0), grip strength (-0.3  3.2 kg), or relative knee extensor strength (-0.0  0.0 N/m/cm3 thigh muscle volume) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Data presented here suggest that a 12-week @entity353 intervention, which incorporates S and NS meal replacement products, is associated with clinically significant @entity353 and improvements in several parameters of cardiometabolic risk and unchanged physical function and strength. RESULTS do not differ by protein source and suggest that soy protein is at least as good as other protein sources for @entity353 during low-calorie dietary interventions in older adults.

title: Effect of protein source during XXXX , cardiometabolic risk and physical performance in abdominally obese, older adults: a pilot feeding study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss on body composition, and cardiometabolic', 'weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss on body composition']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To perform a meta-analysis of the effect of wakefulness-promoting agents ( @entity2728 and @entity64131 ) in @entity1 with @entity25 after @entity3128 therapy for @entity27 . METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE (1966 to September 2014), EMBASE (1980 to September 2014) and Cochrane Database for randomized placebo controlled trials on @entity2728 or @entity64131 in @entity1 who met established criteria for diagnosis of @entity27 , adequate continuous positive airway pressure use, and who complained of @entity25 . Risk of bias was assessed. Primary outcomes were the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and mean sleep latencies on the maintenance of wakefulness test. Secondary outcomes were the Clinical Global Impression of Change, change in daily continuous positive airway pressure use, and the frequency of @entity10 . RESULTS: Out of 118 abstracts screened and 12 full text articles reviewed, we included 6 studies (total of 1,479 @entity1 ) in our final meta-analysis: Three evaluated @entity2728 , and three @entity64131 . Risk of bias was unclear in one or more key domains for four studies. When compared with placebo, wakefulness promoting agents decreased Epworth Sleepiness Scale by 2.51 points (95% CI, 2.00-3.02), increased sleep latency in maintenance of wakefulness test by 2.73 minutes (95% CI, 2.12-3.34), increased the reporting of minimal improvement on the Clinical Global Impression of Change by 26% (RR 1.59; 95% CI, 1.36-1.86), and increased the risk of @entity10 by 8% (RR 1.98; 95% CI, 1.48-2.63). Also, there was a trend for decreased continuous positive airway pressure after treatment with these agents. CONCLUSION: Wakefulness promoting agents improve objective and subjective measures of @entity25 , wakefulness, perception of disease severity in @entity1 with @entity25 after @entity3128 therapy for OSA, and are generally well tolerated.

title: Effect of Wakefulness-Promoting Agents on Sleepiness in @entity1 with Sleep Apnea Treated with XXXX : A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity64131 :: ('MESH:C579652', 'Chemical') :: ['armodafinil']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['modafinil']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['residual sleepiness', 'sleepiness']

answer: @entity3128 :: (55835,Gene) :: ['CPAP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unexpected @entity1086 may present with acute @entity2679 -like manifestations. Some authors recommended that frozen section analysis should be performed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for all cases of acute @entity2679 . Others advocate selective use of frozen section analysis based on gross examination of the specimen by the surgeon. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether surgeons could effectively identify suspected gallbladder with macroscopic examination alone. If not, is routine frozen section analysis worth advocating? METHODS: A total of 1162 @entity1 with acute @entity2679 who had undergone simple cholecystectomy in our hospital from February 2009 to February 2014 were enrolled in the study. The data of @entity1 with acute @entity2679 especially those with concurrent @entity1086 in terms of clinical characteristics, operative records, frozen section diagnosis and histopathology reports were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 with acute @entity2679 were found to have concurrent @entity1086 , with an incidence of 1.1% in acute @entity2679 . Forty @entity1 with acute @entity2679 were suspected to have @entity1086 by macroscopic examination and specimens were taken for frozen section analysis. Six @entity1 with @entity1086 were correctly identified by macroscopic examination alone but 7 @entity1 with @entity1086 missed, including 3 @entity1 with @entity5 (2 T3 and 1 T2). Meanwhile, in 6 @entity1086 specimens sent for frozen section analysis, 3 early @entity1086 (2 Tis and 1 T1a) were missed by frozen section analysis. However, the remaining 3 @entity1 with advanced @entity1086 (2 T3 and 1 T2) were correctly diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of comorbidity of @entity1086 and acute @entity2679 is higher than that of non-acute @entity2679 . The accurate diagnosis of @entity1086 by surgeons is poor and frozen section analysis is necessary.

title: Histological examination of frozen sections for @entity1 with acute XXXX during cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder cancers']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: QT interval dispersion, measured as interlead variability of QT, is a marker of dispersion of ventricular repolarization and, hence, of cardiac electrical instability. We tested the hypothesis that dispersion of ventricular repolarization may be differently affected by interventions destined to provide complete or incomplete protection against malignant @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ). Twenty-eight @entity1 affected by the Romano Ward form of @entity1162 entered the study and were divided into three groups: @entity1162 @entity1 before institution of therapy, @entity1 who did respond to beta-blocker therapy, and @entity1 who continued to have @entity1163 and @entity1167 despite beta-blockade and who underwent left cardiac sympathetic denervation. A group of 15 healthy volunteers served as control subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dispersion of QT and QTc were calculated using two indexes: the difference between the longest and the shortest value measured in each of the 12 ECG leads (QTmax-QTmin, QTcmax-QTcmin) and the relative dispersion of QT and QTc (standard deviation of QT/QT average x100, standard deviation of QTc/QTc average x100). Both indexes of dispersion of repolarization were higher in the @entity1162 @entity1 than in control subjects; also, @entity1 not responding to beta-blockers had a significantly higher dispersion of repolarization than responders. A cutoff value of 100 milliseconds for QTmax-QTmin had an 80% sensitivity and 82% specificity in discriminating between responders and nonresponders. A cutoff value of 6 for QT relative dispersion yielded similar results. The @entity1162 @entity1 who did not respond to beta-blockade underwent left cardiac sympathetic denervation and thereafter remained asymptomatic (mean follow-up, 5 +/- 4 years). In this group, dispersion of repolarization was significantly reduced by the surgical denervation to values similar to that of the responders to beta-blockade. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that @entity1162 is a useful clinical tool to predict efficacy of antiadrenergic therapy in @entity1162 @entity1 .

title: Dispersion of the QT interval. A marker of therapeutic efficacy in the idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LQTS', 'long QT syndrome', 'QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['long QT syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) in the growth of Bel-7402 @entity1 @entity96 cell line (Bel-7402 line) in vitro and its effects on @entity9045 expression. METHODS: @entity5 cell count, MT assay and colony forming test were performed to determine the responses of Bel-7402 to different concentrations of rhGH (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10 000 ng/ml). Metabolism of DNA in @entity5 cells was analyzed with the method of mixture of 3H-TdR. Radioreceptor assay was used to detect the @entity9045 expression of the @entity96 cell lines and its relation to different rhGH concentrations. RESULTS: rhGH accelerated the proliferation of the Bel-7402 line when the concentration of rhGH was over 100 ng/ml (P < 0.05). Other rhGH concentrations had also positive effects, but with reduced effect as compared with that of 100 ng/ml. After 24 h of rhGH addition of concentration of 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml, @entity9045 site number was significantly higher than that in control group, while the 10,000 ng/ml group showed a significantly lower @entity9045 site number. CONCLUSIONS: Different concentrations of rhGH might result in variable effects on the growth of Bel-7402 @entity96 cell line. Certain concentrations of rhGH might stimulate the growth of the cell line. rhGH can regulate the expression of @entity9045 in the cell line.

title: [The effects of recombinant XXXX @entity2124 on the proliferation of Bel-7402 @entity1 @entity96 cell lines in vitro and its regulation on @entity2124 receptors].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity1576 may benefit from veno-venous and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. We report on our initial experience of veno-veno-arterial (v-v-a) ECMO in @entity1 with @entity1576 . METHODS: Between January 2012 and February 2014, 406 @entity1 required ECMO support at our institution. Here, we retrospectively analysed the characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 commenced on either veno-venous or veno-arterial ECMO due to @entity1576 , and then switched to v-v-a ECMO. RESULTS: Ten (2%) @entity1 proceeded to v-v-a ECMO. The underlying conditions were acute @entity649 (n = 3), end-stage pulmonary @entity82 (n = 5) and @entity1576 after major thoracic surgery (n = 1) and Caesarean section (n = 1). In all of these @entity1 , ECMO was initially started as veno-venous (n = 9) or veno-arterial (n = 1) ECMO but was switched to a veno-veno-arterial (v-v-a) approach after a mean of 2 (range, 0-7) days. Reasons for switching were: @entity1344 ( @entity712 , n = 5; pericardial tamponade, n = 1; severe mitral @entity338 , n = 1; @entity1344 following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, n = 1 and evidence of previously unknown @entity118 with @entity120 and @entity6924 , n = 1) and @entity1729 (n = 1). ECMO-related complications were @entity548 (n = 3) and leg ischaemia (n = 2). Seven @entity1 were successfully taken off ECMO with 4 being bridged to recovery and a further 3 to lung transplantation after a mean of 11 (range, 9-18) days. Five @entity1 survived until hospital discharge and all of them were alive at the end of the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Veno-veno-arterial ECMO is a technically feasible rescue strategy in treating @entity1 presenting with combined respiratory and haemodynamic failure.

title: Veno-veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for XXXX with severe haemodynamic impairment: technique and early outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper-body hypoxaemia']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: The metabolic adaptation of the hindlimb in the fetus to a reversible period of adverse intrauterine conditions and, subsequently, to a further episode of acute @entity519 has been examined. Sixteen @entity742 fetuses were chronically instrumented with vascular catheters and transit-time flow probes. In nine of these fetuses, umbilical blood flow was reversibly reduced by 30% from baseline for 3 days ( @entity1745 ), while the remaining fetuses acted as sham-operated, age-matched controls. Acute @entity519 was subsequently induced in all fetuses by reducing maternal fractional inspired @entity26 concentration for 1 h. Paired hindlimb arteriovenous blood samples were taken at appropriate intervals during @entity1745 and acute @entity519 , and by using femoral blood flow and the Fick principle, substrate delivery, uptake, and output were calculated. @entity1745 reduced blood @entity26 content and delivery to the hindlimb and increased hindlimb @entity26 extraction and blood @entity413 and @entity880 concentration in the fetus. However, hindlimb @entity413 and @entity26 consumption were unaltered during @entity1745 . In contrast, hindlimb @entity26 delivery and uptake were significantly reduced in all fetuses during subsequent acute @entity519 , but @entity413 extraction, @entity26 extraction, and hindlimb @entity880 output significantly increased in sham-operated control fetuses only. Preexposure of the fetus to a temporary period of adverse intrauterine conditions alters the metabolic response of the fetal hindlimb to subsequent acute stress. Additional data suggest that circulating blood @entity880 may be derived from sources other than the fetal hindlimb under these circumstances. The lack of hindlimb @entity880 output during acute @entity519 in umbilical cord-compressed fetuses, despite a significant fall in @entity26 delivery to and uptake by the hindlimb, suggests that the fetal hindlimb may not respire anaerobically after exposure to adverse intrauterine conditions. hypoxia

title: Hindlimb XXXX and @entity880 metabolism during @entity1745 and acute @entity519 in the late-gestation ovine fetus.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression', 'Umbilical cord compression', 'umbilical cord compression']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Developmental differences in short- and long-term responses to @entity158 , especially surgical @entity158 , have received minimal attention. The purpose of the present study was to examine postoperative responses in @entity35 of developmental ages paralleling the @entity1 to young adult @entity1 . METHODS: The withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament testing and withdrawal latency to hind-paw radiant heating were determined before and for various times after hind-paw incision in @entity35 2, 4, and 16 weeks of age. Control @entity35 of these ages were observed serially without surgery. RESULTS: In control animals, younger @entity35 were more sensitive to mechanical stimulation and less sensitive to thermal stimulation. Paw incision resulted in similar changes to both types of stimulation in all age groups, peaking 4 h after surgery. However, the return to normal sensitivity to mechanical stimulation, as measured by return of threshold to 80% of normal, occurred more quickly in 2-week-old than in 4- and 16-week-old animals. In contrast, there was no age difference for time to return to normal sensitivity to thermal stimulation after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The more rapid recovery of the younger animals from the mechanical @entity1931 but not thermal @entity56 after surgery suggests the presence of developmental differences in modulation of A-fiber sensitization after surgery. However, the lack of age difference in recovery of thermal @entity56 after surgery suggests that sensitization of @entity7183 input has a similar time course of resolution of @entity158 over the ages studied in this model. The neural bases for these developmental differences are under study and may lead to a better understanding of @entity158 during development and altered approaches to treatment of @entity282 in neonates and @entity1 .

title: Age-dependent responses to thermal XXXX and mechanical @entity1931 in a @entity35 model of @entity282 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: From 1972 to 1974 a collaborative prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence, causes and clinical course of @entity177 ( @entity177 ) in pediatric @entity1 (age 1/2-16 years) in Switzerland. In addition, information concerning the occurrence of terminal @entity177 observed between 1967 and 1971 was obtained. @entity177 is defined as persistently elevated serum @entity1011 greater than 2 mg/100 ml. The small size of Switzerland (population 6.27 million) and the availability of specialized medical care favoured relative completeness of data. RESULTS: a) Non-terminal @entity177 . - Prevalence was 4.5 per million total population = 18.5 per million @entity1 (1/2-16 years old)(n = 28 at 31. 12. 1974); Causes: @entity8 was acquired in 14% and congenital in 86% (hereditary @entity8 excluding @entity8767 %, @entity8767 %, @entity509 14%, urinary tract abnormalities 54%). Progression of @entity177 : mean time interval in which serum @entity1011 doubled was, in the group of acquired @entity8 , 8.3 months (n = 6); in hereditary @entity8 14.3 months (n = 4); in the group of @entity8767 and @entity509 41.2 months (n = 6), and in @entity1 with urinary tract abnormalities 35.8 months (n = 15). Body height was reduced in all groups as compared with normal @entity1 : 1.0 @entity214 (standard deviation scores) in acquired @entity8 (n = 9), 5.1 @entity214 in @entity8518 (n = 2), 0.4 @entity214 in @entity8767 (n = 4), 1.6 @entity214 in @entity509 (n = 5), and 2.3 @entity214 in urinary tract abnormalities (n = 16). b) Terminal @entity177 . - Mean yearly incidence (1967-1974, n = 68) was 1.36 per million total population = 5.6 per million @entity1 (1/2-16 years). Causes: In contrast to the situation in non-terminal @entity177 , @entity66 were observed in 56% of all @entity1 . Hereditary @entity8 were found in 12%, @entity8767 in 1.5%, @entity509 in 4.5%, and urinary tract abnormalities in 26%. TREATMENT: Between 1970 and 1972, 7 of 21 @entity1 , and during 1973/1974 13 of 1n. On 31. 12. 1974, 18 of these 20 treated @entity1 were alive, and of these 14 had a functioning graft.

title: [The value of diagnostic laparotomy in XXXX with malignant lymphomas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies', 'renal diseases', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['acquired diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidneys', 'polycystic kidneys 14', 'polycystic kidneys 4']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE To determine effects of a microalgae nutritional product on insulin sensitivity in @entity1641 . ANIMALS 8 healthy mature @entity1641 . PROCEDURES @entity1641 (n = 4/group) received a basal diet without (control diet) or with @entity4600 -rich microalgae meal (150 g/d) for 49 days (day 0 = first day of diet). On day 28, an @entity12870 was performed. @entity1641 then received @entity619 (0.04 mg/kg/d) for 21 days. On day 49, the clamp procedure was repeated. After a 60-day washout, @entity1641 received the alternate diet, and procedures were repeated. Plasma @entity844 , @entity413 , and insulin concentrations and @entity413 and insulin dynamics during the clamp procedure were measured on days 28 and 49. Two estimates of insulin sensitivity (reciprocal of the square root of the insulin concentration and the modified insulin-to- @entity413 ratio for ponies) were calculated. RESULTS Baseline @entity413 and insulin concentrations or measures of insulin sensitivity on day 28 did not differ between @entity1641 when fed the control diet or the basal diet plus microalgae meal. On day 49 (ie, after @entity619 administration), the microalgae meal was associated with lower baseline insulin and @entity413 concentrations and an improved modified insulin-to- @entity413 ratio for ponies, compared with results for the control diet. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the microalgae meal had no effect on clamp variables following @entity619 treatment, it was associated with improved plasma @entity413 and insulin concentrations and insulin sensitivity estimates. A role for microalgae in the nutritional management of insulin-resistant @entity1641 warrants investigation.

title: Effects of a @entity4600 -rich microalgae nutritional product on insulin sensitivity after prolonged @entity619 treatment in healthy mature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp procedure']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypotheses that: (i) use of preoperative imaging for muscle-invasive @entity150 (MIBC) conforms to practice guidelines; (ii) preoperative imaging, through more accurate staging is associated with improved outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this population-based cohort study, records of treatment were linked to the Ontario @entity5 Registry to identify all @entity1 with MIBC treated with cystectomy from 1994 to 2008. Utilisation of chest, abdomen-pelvis and bone imaging were evaluated. Trends were evaluated over time. Logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with utilisation. Cox model analyses were used to explore associations between imaging and survival. RESULTS: In all, 2  802 @entity1 with MIBC underwent cystectomy during 1994-2008. Over the three 5-year study periods there was an increase in the proportion of @entity1 having preoperative: chest X-ray (55%, 64%, 63%, P < 0.001), computed tomography (CT) of the chest (10%, 10%, 21%, P  < 0.001), bone scan (30%, 34%, 36%; P = 0.04) and CT/magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasonography abdomen/pelvis (80%, 87%, 90%, P  <= 0.001). Use of chest imaging was associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.24-1.59 compared with the youngest age group), N-stage (OR 0.79 for the NX group compared with the N+ group), surgeon volume (OR 0.47-0.53 compared with the highest volume quartile) and geographic region (OR 0.47-2.19 compared with the largest region). Use of bone scan was associated with N-stage (OR 0.57 for the NX group compared with the N+ group) and geographic region (OR 0.71-1.34 compared with the largest region). In adjusted analyses, we found that @entity1 who did not have preoperative chest imaging had inferior overall survival (OS), hazard ratio (HR) 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.25) but not cancer specific survival (CSS), HR 1.09 (95% CI 0.97-1.22); those who did not have preoperative bone scan had inferior OS (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22) and CSS (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.25). Survival in the abdomen and pelvis imaging group was not evaluated due to lack of a suitable control group. CONCLUSION: In routine clinical practice there is considerable variation in use of preoperative chest, body, and bone imaging. Preoperative chest and bone imaging is associated with improved outcomes; this association probably reflects better @entity1 selection for cystectomy.

title: Utilisation of preoperative imaging for muscle-invasive XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with stage IIIB @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) remains unclear. METHODS: A prospective multicenter trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery or radiotherapy or both was conducted with 41 @entity1 with stage IIIB @entity1149 . End points were @entity137 , response, downstaging, complete resectability, and survival. The diagnostic value of repeat mediastinoscopy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (three courses of @entity136 / @entity900 ) was also studied. RESULTS: Response rate after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 66% (27 of 41). Fifteen @entity1 underwent repeat mediastinoscopy, which proved to be inadequate in 6 @entity1 . Two repeat mediastinoscopies were false negative. Resection was performed in 18 @entity1 , of which 10 proved to be radical. Hospital mortality was 2.4% (n = 1). Major complications occurred in 6 @entity1 ( @entity292 , @entity3509 , @entity548 ). Histopathologically proven downstaging was seen in 16 @entity1 (39%). Twenty-five @entity1 underwent radiotherapy of whom 14 were diagnosed with stable/progressive disease and 9 with partial/complete response. Median survival for all @entity1 was 15.1 months, for nonresponders 8.4 months and for responders 16.8 months (p = 0.11). @entity1 with partial/complete response had a mean survival of 21.5 months after resection and 13.0 months after radiotherapy (p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Radical surgery can be performed in 37% (10 of 27) of the responders resulting in a prolonged survival. Surgery as part of combined modality treatment is feasible in stage IIIB @entity1149 . Results of a repeat mediastinoscopy are disappointing and proved to be a not-so-effective restaging tool because of the high number of incomplete procedures and because it yields false negative results.

title: Surgery as part of combined modality treatment in stage IIIB XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma markers for @entity63 have not proven to be accurate. The value of @entity5097 is unclear. Experimental models based on open surgery confound the effects of surgical @entity130 with that of @entity63 . The aim was to create an endovascular model for @entity1031 , and then to study @entity5097 and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LD) activity in plasma and peritoneal fluid in @entity1707 with extensive, high-grade @entity63 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine @entity1707 underwent full superior mesenteric artery embolization with 4 h of intended @entity63 , whereas six were control animals. Sampling of central venous and arterial blood was performed throughout the experiment, ending with laparotomy to collect peritoneal fluid and segmental intestinal biopsies. A pathologist, blinded to the performed interventions, graded the @entity2806 . RESULTS: There were no differences in plasma @entity5097 (P = 0.61) or LD activity levels (P = 0.69), measured at different time points from baseline to end of study, between animals with extensive, high-grade @entity63 and sham. Intraperitoneal @entity5097 (P = 0.005) and LD activity (P = 0.018) levels were elevated compared with sham. There were differences in grades of @entity63 in the duodenum (P = 0.003), small intestine (P < 0.001), proximal (P < 0.001), and sigmoid (P = 0.032) colon between experimental animals and sham. The grade of small bowel @entity63 (n = 15) correlated to intraperitoneal fluid @entity5097 (r = 0.80; P < 0.001) and LD activity levels (r = 0.72; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This endovascular study in a porcine model showed that @entity5097 and LD activity levels in peritoneal fluid, not in plasma, reflect @entity63 . The study suggests that plasma @entity5097 not is a useful early marker in @entity1 with suspicion of @entity63 .

title: XXXX after embolization of the superior mesenteric artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['acute superior mesenteric artery thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5097 :: ('CHEBI:16651', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Lactate', 'L-lactate']

answer: @entity5097 :: (CHEBI:16651,Chemical) :: ['L-lactate']