abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether phonological multimodal therapy can improve naming and communication in a @entity1 showing a lexical @entity74 . This study employed oral and written learning tasks, using an error reduction procedure. METHODS: A single-case design computer-assisted treatment was used with a 52 year-old @entity1 with @entity13523 consecutive to a @entity385 . The cognitive analysis of her word @entity74 exhibited a phonological encoding dysfunction. Thus, a phonological procedure was designed addressing the output phonological lexicon using computer analysis of spoken and written words. The effects were tested for trained words, generalization to untrained words, maintenance and specificity. Transfer of improvement to daily life was also assessed. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: After therapy, the verbal naming of both trained and untrained words was improved at p   <   0.001. The improvement was still maintained after 3 months without therapy. This treatment was specific since the word dictation task did not change. Communication in daily life was improved at p   <   0.05. CONCLUSIONS: This study of a @entity1 with word @entity74 due to phonological encoding dysfunction demonstrated the effectiveness of a phonological and multimodal therapeutic treatment.

title: Multimodal therapy of word XXXX due to phonological encoding dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['retrieval disorder', 'phonological naming disorder']

entities_list: @entity13523 :: ('MESH:D001041', 'Disease') :: ['fluent aphasia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['retrieval disorder']


abstract: To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity11797 with that of intravenous @entity3303 in @entity1 with @entity943 after cardiac surgery, 25 @entity1 were randomized to either agent in a double-blind manner. @entity11797 was given in 16 @entity1 as a 250 mg bolus followed by a loading infusion of 500 mg over 15 minutes and a maintenance infusion of 33.3 mg/min. @entity3303 was administered in 9 @entity1 as a 100 mg bolus followed by a loading infusion of 60 mg over 15 minutes and a maintenance infusion of 1.4 mg/min. Therapy was continued for 24 hours in initially responding @entity1 . With analysis of 24-h taped electrocardiograms it was found that single @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) were suppressed by @entity11797 by more than 80% in 94% of @entity1 and by @entity3303 in 75% of @entity1 (p = NS). Couplets and @entity1165 events were eliminated in all @entity1 by either drug. Multiform @entity1540 were abolished in 94% of the @entity1 after @entity11797 and in 75% after @entity3303 (p = NS). Average overall success over the 24 hours with more than 80% suppression of single @entity1540 and simultaneous elimination of higher forms of @entity943 was 71% with @entity11797 and 59% with @entity3303 (p = NS). Adverse effects were negligible, with only one @entity1 in the @entity3303 group developing diaphoresis without necessitating termination of therapy. Treatment rapidly produced and then maintained blood levels of 4-10 mg/l for @entity11797 and 1-4 mg/l for @entity3303 . We conclude that intravenous @entity11797 is well tolerated and has comparable efficacy to @entity3303 in the acute therapy of postcardiac surgery @entity943 .

title: Randomized double-blind study of intravenous @entity11797 versus XXXX for suppression of @entity943 after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity11797 :: ('MESH:D016677', 'Chemical') :: ['tocainide', 'Tocainide']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of circulating drugs and xenobiotics into the brain, and thus its permeability to substances is a critical factor that determines their central effects. The @entity1 brain is vulnerable to @entity2359 substances partly due to the immature BBB. The employment of in vitro BBB models to evaluate permeability of compounds provides higher throughput than that of in vivo animal experiments. However, existing in vitro BBB models have not been able to simulate the intrinsic neonatal BBB. To establish a neonatal BBB model that mimics age-related BBB properties, the neonatal and adult in vitro BBB models were constructed with brain endothelial cells isolated from 2- and 8-week-old @entity35 , respectively. To evaluate BBB functions, transendothelial electrical resistance, permeability of @entity941 and Evans blue-albumin, and transport of @entity3514 were measured. Radiolabelled drugs were used for BBB permeability studies in the neonatal and adult BBB models (in vitro) and in age-matched @entity35 (in vivo). The neonatal BBB model showed lower barrier and @entity22209 ( @entity22209 ) functions than the adult BBB model; these were well associated with lower expressions of the barrier-related proteins and @entity22209 , and a different distribution pattern of immunostained barrier-related proteins. Verapamil (a @entity22209 inhibitor) significantly increased the influx of @entity3514 , supporting functional @entity22209 expression in the neonatal BBB model. @entity1092 , but not @entity1239 , showed higher BBB permeability in the neonatal BBB model, which was well in accordance with the in vivo BBB property. We established a neonatal BBB model in vitro. This could allow us to assess the age-dependent BBB permeability of drugs.

title: In vitro blood-brain barrier models using brain capillary endothelial cells isolated from neonatal and adult XXXX retain age-related barrier properties.

entities_list: @entity3514 :: ('CHEBI:8828', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine123', 'rhodamine 123']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: (a) To relate MRI patterns of @entity1545 to somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), and (b) to determine the prognostic value of SEPs in addition to continuous EEG monitoring (cEEG) and cerebral imaging, in term asphyxiated newborns. METHODS: Fifty one consecutive neonates were studied. Survivors were followed for at least 2 years. cEEG, started within 24h, was done for >=  24 h and scored. SEPs and MRIs were performed in the first week. @entity1545 patterns were classified. RESULTS: Bilaterally abnormal SEPs had a sensitivity of 90% (28/31) and specificity of 85% (17/20) in predicting a poor outcome, defined as @entity204 or severe handicap. SEPs were of particular value in predicting outcome in isolated symmetrical @entity62 and predicting the development of @entity1269 in isolated asymmetrical watershed injury. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relation to outcome separately for cEEG, deep grey @entity62 on MRI and SEPs. SEPs provided additional value when added to cEEG and MRI in the model (p=0.034). CONCLUSIONS: SEPs are of additional prognostic value after term birth @entity1763 . SIGNIFICANCE: In certain patterns of @entity1545 like asymmetrical watershed lesions and symmetrical @entity62 , EPs are complementary to information obtained from cEEG and MRI for prognostication.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials are of additional prognostic value in certain patterns of @entity1545 in term birth XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain injury', 'brain injury', 'postasphyxial neonatal brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['matter injury', 'white matter injury']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['asphyxia']


abstract: The incidence, prevalence and regional distributions of @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ) from 1980 through 1989 were evaluated in collaboration with multiple neurological institutes in Hokkaido island. @entity1 with sporadic @entity4681 were collected from three sources: 1) neurologist practicing in Hokkaido island, 2) sending inquiries to 620 major hospitals, 3) notification file of @entity4681 provided by Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Health. Three hundred and eighty-nine @entity1 with sporadic @entity4681 were ascertained for this study. Of 389 @entity1 , 238 @entity1 were @entity1 and 151 @entity1 were @entity1 , and the ratio of @entity1 to @entity1 was 1.6:1. The mean age of onset was 58.2 +/- 10.3 years old, 57.7 +/- 10.4 for @entity1 and 58.9 +/- 10.0 for @entity1 . Their clinical presentations were 303 @entity1 with @entity2655 , 52 @entity1 were PBP and 34 @entity1 were SPMA. The crude incidence rate for both sexes combined for 1980 through 1989 was estimated as 0.69 per 100,000 @entity1 -year. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence for @entity1 was 0.86 per 100,000 @entity1 -year (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.97) and that is higher than 0.53 per 100,000 @entity1 -year (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.61) for @entity1 . The average, crude prevalence rate from 1985 through 1989 was estimated as 2.25 per 100,000 @entity1 -year. There are no overall trends of changing the pattern in incidence and prevalence of @entity4681 in Hokkaido island, however the geographic distributions of the incidence of @entity4681 according to towns and cities disclosed the presence of some relative clustering areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Epidemiological study of XXXX in Hokkaido island--its incidence, prevalence and regional distributions-- @entity2655 Study Group].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['MND', 'sporadic motor neuron disease']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neuron disease']


abstract: We report a case of @entity886 and repeat coronary artery bypass grafting in a @entity1 with a patent internal thoracic artery bypass graft. A 77-year-old @entity1 , who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 10 years ago, was admitted to the hospital for @entity472 and @entity951 . Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated severe @entity730 with an 86 mmHg gradient across the aortic valve. Coronary angiography demonstrated the patency of all grafts and 90% stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery. At surgery, a full median sternotomy was performed. The adhesions around the heart and great vessels were severe and the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) was found adherent to the heart and sternum. The LITA and saphenous vein graft (SVG) graft were dissected carefully. Retrograde coronary sinus (CS) perfusion was performed with antegrade myocardial protection for @entity1167 . We performed @entity886 ( @entity886 ) with a 17 mm St. Jude Medical Regent Valve and CABG to the circumflex artery with the saphenous vein under cardiopulmonary bypass. His postoperative course was uneventful. He was discharged from our hospital without major complications.

title: [Aortic valve replacement and repeat coronary artery bypass grafting in a XXXX with a patent internal thoracic artery bypass graft; report of a case].

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['AVR', 'aortic valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['aortic calcification']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A 72-year-old right-handed @entity1 with a @entity3459 had a @entity1662 with left @entity1158 and immediate collapse. CT showed a right capsulo-putaminal @entity1410 of about 5 cm and important mass effect. When this lesions developed, the @entity1 had just arrived to Barcelona from Alicante . During three weeks, the outstanding and more dramatic symptom was a delirium of geographical localization, in which the @entity1 appeared convinced that every night he was transferred, along with his attending physicians and his partner in the hospital room, from one to another of the many Hospitals de la @entity8400 . Creu i Sant Pau (or within the same hospital) in many different cities between Alicante and Barcelona. He also gave aberrant information about his room. When he was transferred to his home, he was unable to identify it for two weeks or to locate it in any definite place. He also had a nictemeral chronological disorientation. The accompanying syndrome consisted of proportional left @entity1158 , @entity1002 , @entity1805 , and, in the neuropsychological area, mysoplegia, anosodiaphoria, @entity73 , mild hemineglect, eyelid motor impersistence and constructive @entity1742 . Emphasis is made on the deep subcortical and to certain extent anterior topography of the causative lesion of this peculiar neuropsychological syndrome, although the possible mechanisms of remote involvement of other cerebral areas are suggested. The crucial role of the right hemisphere lesions, cortical and primarily noncortical, in the development of many variants of @entity2414 is stressed.

title: [Place disorientation as a clinical feature of a right capsulo-putaminal XXXX . Contribution to the understanding of neuropsychologic symptomatology in subcortical lesions of the right hemisphere].

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left hemihypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of visual memory']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary coagulation impairment']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['sudden disorder of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['spatial disorders']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: We have explored the @entity238 S2 cell line for expression of Ig molecules isolated as Fab or scFv cDNA from phage-displayed libraries. We present a series of vectors for inducible expression and secretion of @entity1 Ig heavy (HC) and light chains (LC), both on separate plasmids and in combination constructs. Both HC (tested as @entity1 gamma(1)) and LC ( @entity1 kappa) could be expressed separately and were secreted into the medium, confirming previous reports. When the combination vector carrying both the HC and LC cDNA, as well as when the HC and LC vectors were co-transfected, complete IgG1 was found in the medium. Transient transfection resulted in production levels of 0.5-1 mg/l. Stable cell lines could be established within 2-3 weeks. After 10-12 days of expression from such cell lines, Ig molecules accumulated and the medium contained typically 5-35 mg/l of IgG1. The IgG in these preparations was purified to more than 90% purity on protein G columns. Binding characteristics for IgG of the same clone expressed in S2 cells or @entity1 cells were indistinguishable. The main advantages with this system compared to @entity1 expression were its robustness and the much faster establishment of stable, high level producing cell lines.

title: Efficient expression of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies in XXXX S2 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: 36 @entity1 with congenital @entity5766 , eight with @entity2168 , and three with a @entity85 , were operated with Tessier's technique with some modifications, i.e. the dura is not separated from the cribriform plate avoiding olfactory damage. The entire procedure for @entity5766 could be carried out in less than 5 h but correction of @entity2168 required 6-8 h, and longer in older @entity1 . There was only one intraoperative anesthesic death in a 3-year-old @entity1 . One @entity1167 recovered. Nine staphylococcus infections were superficial and readily treated. There was postoperative @entity2657 in one case and @entity410 following surgery in another. Anticonvulsants and @entity230 were subsequently routinely employed. There were no SF @entity292 . Excellent cosmetic results are due primarily to the skill of the plastic surgeons.

title: Correction of ocular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity2168 :: ('MESH:D003394', 'Disease') :: ["Crouzon's disease"]

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic deformity']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

answer: @entity5766 :: (MESH:D006972,Disease) :: ['hypertelorism']


abstract: AIM:     We hypothesized that @entity82 ( @entity82 ) is a sign of inadequate immunosuppression in @entity1 after living-donor liver transplantation. METHODS:     In study 1, liver biopsy specimens of 158 @entity1 who had undergone liver transplantation 10   years before or earlier were examined to study the relationship between @entity82 and @entity1140 withdrawal. In study 2, @entity1140 was resumed in 18 @entity1 with @entity82 in follow-up biopsies after @entity1140 withdrawal and the subsequent histological changes were analyzed. RESULTS:     In study 1, after excluding 95 @entity1 with ongoing vascular, biliary and immunological complications, 47 of 63 @entity1 (75%) had @entity82 and significant (P   =   0.0285) contributing factors were found to be episodes of @entity1140 withdrawal. In study 2, during withdrawal, @entity1140 administration had been discontinued in nine, reduced to once per month in three, twice per month in two, once a week in two and twice a week in two @entity1 , and then finally resumed to daily administration in all. @entity82 was scored as 4 in one, 3 in seven, 2 in four and 1 in six @entity1 using modified Dixon's criteria (score, 0-4). After resumption, @entity82 was improved in six, unchanged in 11 and aggravated in one @entity1 . C4d deposition was improved in all @entity82 -improved @entity1 . Incidence of positive C4d prior to resumption was significantly greater in improved @entity1 than non-improved @entity1 (P   =   0.0245). CONCLUSION:     @entity82 might be an indicator of inadequate immunosuppression in long-term followed recipients and its mechanism may be due to immune reactions including humoral immunity.

title: @entity82 in pediatric liver transplant recipients under XXXX withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory central sinusoidal fibrosis', 'NICSF']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6985 is a novel immunomodulatory agent with antiproliferative activities. Given its efficacy in a wide range of @entity1583 , we conducted a phase II trial ( @entity1893 -001) of single-agent @entity6985 in indolent @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with relapsed/refractory indolent @entity1893 were eligible, with no limit on the number of previous therapies. Oral @entity6985 25 mg was self-administered once daily on days 1 to 21 of every 28-day cycle for up to 52 weeks as tolerated, or until disease progression. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR), with secondary end points of duration of response (DR), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. RESULTS: Forty-three enrolled @entity1 were assessable for response and safety. @entity1 received a median of three prior systemic therapies (range, 1 to 17) and half were refractory to last therapy. ORR was 23% (10 of 43), including a 7% complete response (CR) or unconfirmed CR rate. Twenty-seven percent (six of 22) of @entity1 with @entity706 grade 1 or 2, and 22% (four of 18) with small @entity1072 responded to therapy. Median DR was not reached, but was longer than 16.5 months with seven of 10 responses ongoing at 15 to 28 months. Median PFS for the whole group was 4.4 months (95% CI, 2.5 to 10.4 months). Adverse events were predictable and manageable; the most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were @entity1398 (30% and 16%, respectively) and @entity882 (14% and 5%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity6985 monotherapy produces durable responses with manageable adverse events in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory indolent @entity1893 , warranting further investigation of treatment for indolent @entity1893 .

title: @entity6985 oral monotherapy produces durable responses in relapsed or refractory indolent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma']


abstract: The fundamental objective for health research is to determine whether changes should be made to clinical decisions. Decisions made by veterinary surgeons in the light of new research evidence are known to be influenced by their prior beliefs, especially their initial opinions about the plausibility of possible results. In this paper, clinical trial results for a @entity291 @entity1271 control plan were evaluated within a Bayesian context, to incorporate a community of prior distributions that represented a spectrum of clinical prior beliefs. The aim was to quantify the effect of veterinary surgeons' initial viewpoints on the interpretation of the trial results. A Bayesian analysis was conducted using Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures. Stochastic models included a financial cost attributed to a change in clinical @entity1271 following implementation of the control plan. Prior distributions were incorporated that covered a realistic range of possible clinical viewpoints, including scepticism, enthusiasm and uncertainty. Posterior distributions revealed important differences in the financial gain that clinicians with different starting viewpoints would anticipate from the @entity1271 control plan, given the actual research results. For example, a severe skeptic would ascribe a probability of 0.50 for a return of < 5 UK pounds per @entity291 in an average herd that implemented the plan, whereas an enthusiast would ascribe this probability for a return of > 20 UK pounds per @entity291 . Simulations using increased trial sizes indicated that if the original study was four times as large, an initial skeptic would be more convinced about the efficacy of the control plan but would still anticipate less financial return than an initial enthusiast would anticipate after the original study. In conclusion, it is possible to estimate how clinicians' prior beliefs influence their interpretation of research evidence. Further research on the extent to which different interpretations of evidence result in changes to clinical practice would be worthwhile.

title: Bayesian analysis of a XXXX control plan to investigate the influence of veterinary prior beliefs on clinical interpretation.

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Transforming growth factor-beta is a potent stimulator of extracellular matrix production. Several studies show that loss of transforming growth factor-beta signaling decreases kidney, @entity1575 . However, the role of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in @entity1494 is not entirely understood. We investigated the effect of stromal loss of such signaling in @entity19 after partial @entity1876 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed partial @entity1876 by urethral ligation in 5-week-old female @entity15136 (colTKO) @entity19 . These @entity19 were compared to @entity7097 @entity19 with partial @entity1876 and to @entity7097 nonobstructed controls. After 4 weeks and before sacrifice urodynamics were performed. Bladder tissue was harvested, and p- @entity14570 and collagen (Masson's trichrome) staining were performed. RESULTS: Bladder compliance was increased in partially obstructed @entity15136 (colTKO) @entity19 and decreased in partially obstructed @entity7097 @entity19 . The latter had increased smooth muscle @entity1184 and increased collagen deposition between smooth muscle bundles compared to those in @entity15136 (colTKO) @entity19 and nonobstructed controls. Transforming growth factor-beta responsive collagen promoter activity was significantly decreased in @entity15136 knockout bladder stromal cells vs @entity7097 stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS: Stromal loss of transforming growth factor-beta signaling decreased collagen deposition after partial @entity1876 . In contrast to collagen production by recruited macrophages, stromal transforming growth factor-beta signaling appears to be the primary source of @entity82 after partial @entity1876 . These findings further support the hypothesis that manipulating transforming growth factor-beta signaling in bladder stromal cells would provide a future avenue for @entity1973 and @entity1494 treatment.

title: Bladder stromal loss of transforming growth factor receptor II decreases @entity82 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic bladder']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver and lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder obstruction']


abstract: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is characterised by slow proliferation of malignant plasma cells and their accumulation within the bone marrow. The dysregulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a very important mechanism in the pathogenesis of this @entity5 . It prompted us to investigate the apoptosis regulating factors such as the pro-apoptotic @entity1197 and the anti-apoptotic protein @entity588 on bone marrow malignant plasma cells in untreated @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1582 and to compare them with their normal counterparts-plasma cells isolated from bone marrow of healthy individuals. Twenty-nine @entity1582 @entity1 and 16 healthy @entity1 were studied. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated, indicated by monoclonal antibodies and analysed using the flow cytometry method. There was no statistically significant difference in @entity588 expression in plasma cells between @entity1 and control groups. However the percentage of @entity588 positive cells was significantly related to the clinical stage of the disease. We detected statistically significant lower percentage of Fas positive cells in the @entity1 group than in control. We concluded that in @entity1582 at diagnosis the expression of @entity588 in bone marrow malignant plasma cells was comparable to normal plasma cells but expression of @entity1197 on these cells was lower. It suggests that down regulation of Fas and normal regulation of @entity588 may be implicated for @entity1582 cell survival and their escape from apoptosis in vivo.

title: Assessment of Apoptosis Regulating Factors XXXX and Fas Antigens on Malignant and Normal Plasma Cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'MM', 'Multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['BCL-2']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that @entity1778 virus (FLV) induces a profound immunosuppression in susceptible @entity19 . The studies described in this report indicate that @entity19 infected with FLV have an increased susceptibility to subsequent @entity281 with the opportunistic pathogen @entity5132 , as measured by increased numbers of @entity5132 CFU in the kidneys of FLV-infected @entity19 relative to uninfected controls. Experiments in which the NB-tropic and N-tropic strains of FLV were used suggest that virus replication or the resulting virus burden may be important in the observed increased susceptibility to @entity5132 . Since neutrophils are believed to be important in the response of @entity19 to @entity6923 , the effect of @entity778 on neutrophil candidacidal activity was investigated. The percentage of neutrophils present in unfractionated Proteose Peptone-elicited peritoneal exudates of @entity19 infected with FLV for 14 days was significantly lower than in uninfected control @entity19 or @entity19 infected with FLV for 6 or 10 days. When neutrophils from FLV-infected and control @entity19 were purified, adjusted to equal concentrations, and tested for in vitro candidacidal activity, neutrophils from @entity19 infected with FLV for 14 days were deficient in their ability to kill @entity5132 relative to normal controls and @entity19 infected with FLV for 6 or 10 days. Addition of normal mouse serum increased killing in all groups but did not restore candidacidal activity of neutrophils from @entity19 infected with FLV for 14 days to levels of control neutrophils or neutrophils from @entity19 infected for 6 or 10 days with the virus. These results suggest a defect in neutrophil function, at the later stages of @entity778 , involving in vitro candidacidal activity. In addition, neutrophils from FLV-infected @entity19 may be deficient in in vivo chemotactic activity. These defects in neutrophil function could account, at least in part, for the observed increased susceptibility of FLV-infected @entity19 to @entity5132 .

title: Effect of @entity778 on susceptibility to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['FLV infection']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['systemic Candida infections']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Friend leukemia']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated urinary levels of nerve growth factor, @entity2252 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy individuals and @entity1 with @entity2182 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine from 40 healthy volunteers, half of them male and half female, was collected in the morning, afternoon and evening on 2 occasions 3 months apart. Morning urine samples were collected from 37 female na  ve @entity1 with @entity2182 . A total of 24 @entity1 were followed. Urine was collected after a 3-month lifestyle intervention and after 3-month antimuscarinic treatment ( @entity11440 10 mg, extended release). Urinary nerve growth factor, @entity2252 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and normalized to @entity1011 . @entity1 completed a 7-day bladder diary combined with an urgency severity scale. The number of urgency episodes per week was counted. RESULTS: In healthy individuals urinary levels of neurotrophic factors were stable. In @entity1 with @entity2182 the nerve growth factor-to- @entity1011 (mean    SD 488.5    591.8 vs 188.3    290.2, p = 0.005) and @entity2252 -to- @entity1011 (mean 628.1    590.5 vs 110.4    159.5, p <0.001) ratios were significantly higher than in healthy @entity1 . No significant differences were found in the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-to- @entity1011 ratio. After lifestyle intervention the nerve growth factor-to- @entity1011 and @entity2252 -to- @entity1011 ratios decreased to a mean of 319.7    332.3 and 432.5    589.0 (vs baseline p = 0.318 and 0.033, respectively). After antimuscarinic treatment the nerve growth factor-to- @entity1011 and @entity2252 -to- @entity1011 ratios further decreased to a mean of 179.8    237.9 and 146.6    264.9 (vs baseline p = 0.008 and <0.001, respectively). There was no significant variation in the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-to- @entity1011 ratio at any time point. The reduction in the number of urgency episodes per week correlated with the @entity2252 -to- @entity1011 variation (Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient r = 0.607, p = 0.006) but not with the nerve growth factor-to- @entity1011 ratio (r = 0.396, p = 0.094). CONCLUSIONS: The urinary nerve growth factor-to- @entity1011 and @entity2252 -to- @entity1011 ratios are increased in @entity1 with @entity2182 . These findings may have pathophysiological and clinical implications.

title: Urinary neurotrophic factors in healthy individuals and XXXX with @entity2182 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of different neurological and @entity146 presentations in @entity1 admitted to hospital with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective hospital-based study, we examined the medical records of @entity1 with @entity1252 who were referred to the hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from 1995 to 2005. All @entity1 of @entity1252 who had clinical neurological or @entity146 features were included in this study. The @entity1 demographic data, findings on general examination, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and the results of laboratory investigations and imaging studies were recorded. Clinical manifestations were classified according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) case definitions. RESULTS: Of the 407 study @entity1 , 11.3% had @entity146 . The most frequent findings were @entity410 (63%), @entity10 (60%), and decreased level of consciousness (50%). @entity66 (28.3%), @entity302 (26.5%), and acute confusional state (19.6%) were the most prevalent syndromes. CONCLUSION: The prevalence and nature of different neurological presentations of @entity1252 in Iranian @entity1 has some similarities to that seen in other populations, as well as some differences. Ethnic and environmental factors may contribute to these differences.

title: Neuropsychiatric manifestations of XXXX : Iranian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric complications']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The use and effectiveness of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for the treatment of @entity3509 and complex parapneumonic collections in pediatric @entity1 is well documented. Timing of this intervention still remains controversial. We reviewed our experience with VATS to determine if it should be used as the initial procedure in @entity1 with pleural collections. We reviewed all pediatric (age younger than 17 years) @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity55 admitted between July 1998 and June 2008. Demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were evaluated. @entity1 were divided into groups: those who only had thoracentesis or thoracostomy (Group A), those who underwent a procedure and then required VATS (Group B), and those who went directly to VATS (Group C). We identified 382 @entity1 admitted with @entity55 . Of these, 79 (21%) required a thoracic drainage procedure. Overall, 49 (67%) of @entity1 with a thoracic fluid collection underwent VATS at some point. With regard to type of intervention, there was no statistical difference noted in clinical variables. Thirty (38%) @entity1 were in Group A, 18 (22%) in Group B, and 31 (39%) in Group C. LOS for Group C (10.5 days) was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter than for both Group A (14.8 days) and Group B (15 days). Only two (6%) @entity1 required conversion to open thoracotomy. A high percentage of @entity1 initially treated by tube thoracostomy eventually require additional interventions, leading to increased LOS. As a result of its simplicity, safety, and efficacy, VATS pleural evacuation can be recommended as the initial intervention in pediatric parapneumonic effusions and @entity3509 in @entity1 who do not require emergent drainage.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery as a primary intervention in pediatric parapneumonic effusion and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema']


abstract: Resistant @entity101 can be defined in terms of lack of blood pressure response to @entity551 agents, but there may be a big difference between standing and lying blood pressure levels. In general target organ damage and papilloedema improve if the standing blood pressure is controlled; however, progression can occasionally be documented when only the supine blood pressure remains uncontrolled. Resistant @entity101 was a frequent phenomenon when ganglion blocking agents and @entity9099 were the only effective @entity551 agents. With the advent of the @entity7206 , effective control of the blood pressure became the exception rather than the rule; however, it was not until the advent of adrenergic blocking agents that @entity551 was regularly achieved. The addition of @entity9099 or @entity3159 to a combination of a @entity2740 and beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent produces a further significant fall in the blood pressure lying and standing. This combination will control the blood pressure in most @entity1 , but a few remain refractory to maximum doses and will require treatment with oral @entity6335 or @entity5491 . Both these powerful vasodilators are very effective in resistant @entity101 . Oral @entity6335 permits excellent control and allows a 10-fold reduction in the doses of other agents. @entity5491 usually needs to be combined with moderate doses of beta-blocking agents to reduce the marked reflex @entity591 . Only a 50% reduction in other @entity551 agents was achieved in @entity1 treated with @entity5491 and two @entity1 proved resistant to @entity5491 , but subsequently responded to oral @entity6335 .

title: The treatment of resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil', 'Minoxidil']

entities_list: @entity9099 :: ('CHEBI:5775', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrallazine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'reduction of supine blood pressures']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) usually arises from the salivary, lacrimal, or other exocrine glands, and is rarely encountered by neurosurgeons. The authors describe three cases involving intracranial extension. An @entity5 in a 71-year-old @entity1 extended directly into the epidural space of the frontal base and destroyed the orbital roof. In a 53-year-old @entity1 , the @entity5 arose from the area adjacent to the eustachian tube and invaded the Gasserian ganglion. In the third @entity1 , a 58-year-old @entity1 , the @entity5 originated in the maxillary sinus and extended directly into the middle cranial fossa. In all these cases, the @entity5 were removed to the fullest extent possible. Although @entity41 was markedly reduced by radiation therapy, recurrence and @entity3 occurred within a few years. Thus, @entity2347 appears to be radiosensitive, but not curable by irradiation. In treating a recurrent @entity5 in one @entity1 , we applied the so-called "two-route" chemotherapy ( @entity900 and its antidote) in combination with radiation therapy. The @entity5 responded well to this therapy, although multiple pulmonary and bone @entity3 eventually led to the @entity1 's @entity204 .

title: XXXX with intracranial extension: report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intraorbital tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'cylindroma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the subgranular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Deficient neurogenesis may be responsible for @entity131 in @entity179 such as @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity32629 [ @entity32629 ] is a newly synthesized agent for @entity195 treatment with neuroprotective effects against @entity137 from amyloid-beta peptide ( @entity5543 ) and actions promoting neurite outgrowth in vitro. Furthermore, systemic administration of @entity32629 ameliorated @entity73 caused by @entity179 in a @entity35 model of @entity195 , induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of @entity5543 . The present study investigated quantitative relationships between spatial memory performance in @entity5543 -infused @entity35 and hippocampal neurogenesis, and the effects of @entity32629 on neuronal proliferation in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Seven weeks after infusion of @entity5543 (peptide 1-40; 300 pmol.day(-1); i.c.v.), @entity35 were tested in a place learning task in which they were required to alternately visit two reward places in an open field to obtain intracranial self-stimulation as rewards. KEY RESULTS: @entity35 given @entity5543 infusions for 10 weeks displayed spatial @entity2414 and a decrease in neurogenesis compared with those infused with vehicle. Treatment of the @entity5543 -infused @entity35 with @entity32629 (8.4 mg.kg(-1).day(-1), p.o.) significantly increased hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorated spatial @entity4207 . Furthermore, spatial learning in the task was significantly correlated with neurogenesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results suggest that defective hippocampal neurogenesis is a new target for @entity195 treatment. The neurotrophic compound @entity32629 increased hippocampal neurogenesis in an @entity195 model and might be useful for treatment of @entity195 @entity1 .

title: XXXX , a neurotrophic agent, ameliorates the deficits in adult neurogenesis and spatial memory in @entity35 infused i.c.v. with amyloid-beta peptide.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['deficient hippocampal functions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning impairments']

entities_list: @entity32629 :: ('MESH:C503102', 'Chemical') :: ['T-817MA', '1-{3-[2-(1-Benzothiophen-5-yl)ethoxy] propyl}-3-azetidinol maleate']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments']

answer: @entity32629 :: (MESH:C503102,Chemical) :: ['T-817MA']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity13189 ( @entity13189 ) is a progressive @entity2687 and is pathologically defined by the presence of guttae, which are excrescences of the Descemet membrane. The present study was undertaken to investigate the age-severity relationship of the @entity14738 -linked disease phenotype using retroillumination photography and to compare it with the characteristics of @entity26792 . METHODS: Two large families with multiple affected members were recruited. Exclusion analyses of the known late-onset @entity13189 loci were completed with closely spaced STR markers, whereas genes associated with early- and late-onset @entity13189 were investigated by bidirectional sequencing. Haplotypes were constructed, and two-point LOD scores were calculated. To document age-severity relationships, retroillumination photographs were acquired from members of both families. RESULTS: Parametric linkage and haplotype analysis mapped both families to @entity14738 with significant two-point LOD scores. A total of 70,249 guttae were counted in 14 @entity1 from both families. A significant increase in guttae density in the inferotemporal region (P = 0.016) was observed, a pattern similarly observed in a family linked to @entity26792 . Similarly, @entity14738 -linked families display an exponential trend in severity with age, as was observed in a family linked to @entity26792 . Finally, comparison of @entity26792 and @entity14738 exponential models suggested that the @entity26792 phenotype is significantly more severe (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A combination of genetic mapping and retroillumination photography was used to quantify the severity of the disease phenotype associated with @entity14738 and to compare it to the disease characteristics of @entity26792 . These data suggest that this approach might have sufficient resolution to discriminate between discrete @entity74 backgrounds, which will potentially aid in @entity1 management.

title: Age-severity relationships in families linked to XXXX with retroillumination photography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of the corneal endothelium']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic FCD']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['FCD', 'Fuchs corneal dystrophy']

answer: @entity14738 :: (100380873,Gene) :: ['FCD2']


abstract: AIMS: The performance of three scanning @entity515 laser inactivation systems was assessed and included: a gantry system, a rapidly rotating mirror and a low-power hybrid system combining an oscillating mirror and rotary motion of the sample. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity526 and @entity794 were the target organisms on stainless steel, nutrient agar or moist collagen film and the laser power was varied from 2 to 1060 W (two laser sources). In general, a threshold energy density was identified, above which no inactivation was observed because the scanning velocity was too high (10 cm s(-1) for stainless steel, 660 W). Reducing the velocity increased the inactivation process until complete inactivation was observed at 1.3 cm s(-1) ( @entity526 , approximately 10(6) CFU per sample) and 0.82 cm s(-1) ( @entity794 , approximately 10(8) CFU per sample); consequently, @entity794 organisms showed a greater resistance to laser irradiation. For the nutrient agar and collagen samples, the averages of the width of clearing were measured as a function of the translation velocity and the rates of inactivation (I(R), cm(2) s(-1)) were found; an optimum velocity was observed that produced the maximum rate of inactivation. At a laser power of 1060 W, the maximum value of I(R) was 140 cm(2) s(-1) ( approximately 10(7) CFU cm(-2)) for @entity794 on collagen and slightly less on nutrient agar (114 cm(2) s(-1), estimated from a best-fit polynomial, r(2) = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: A comparison of the low- and high-power lasers produced values of 0.09 cm(2) s(-1) W(-1) (i.e. I(R) per Watt delivered) for @entity794 on nutrient agar with the low-power laser at 13 W and on collagen 0.13 cm(2) s(-1) W(-1) for 1060 W. The rate of inactivation was found to be a function of the laser power, translation velocity and properties of the substrate media. The three laser inactivation systems successfully demonstrated the potential speed, efficiency and application of such systems. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Laser scanning systems offer the potential for rapid and efficient inactivation of surfaces, eliminating the need for chemical treatment.

title: Scanning XXXX laser bacterial inactivation systems.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the impact of a @entity3003 -based doublet in two groups of elderly @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all consecutive elderly @entity1 (   70 year old) with advanced @entity1149 who received a @entity3003 -based doublet as front-line therapy at our medical oncology unit was performed. RESULTS: In the study, 57 consecutive elderly @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were included. @entity3003 was combined with vinorelbine in 41 @entity1 (71  9%) and with @entity136 in 16 @entity1 (28  1%). Overall, a total of 227 cycles were administered to 57 @entity1 - 142 cycles were administered to @entity1 in group 1 and 85 cycles were given to @entity1 in group 2 - median number of administered cycles per @entity1 was 4 (range 1-6). Of the @entity1 , 35 (62%, group 1) were 'young-old' (70-74-year old) and 20 (38%, group 2) were 'old-old' (75-82-year old). @entity137 was mild in both subgroups (grade 3-4 @entity1398 in 17  1% of group 1 and in 9  1% of group 2). At the univariate analysis, the median overall survival (OS) was 10  07 months (P=0  789, 95% CI: 8  49-11  64), 10  1 months in group 1 and 9  8 months in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation shows the safety and efficacy of a @entity3003 -based doublet given as first-line chemotherapy in elderly advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . The combination with @entity1206 or @entity136 is associated with a very good @entity137 profile that does not seem to have a detrimental effect on efficacy.

title: @entity3003 -containing regimens as front-line treatment for advanced XXXX in two groups of elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN:    Systematic reviewStudy rationale:   Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a proven, effective treatment for relieving @entity4048 due to degenerative conditions of the cervical spine. Since most @entity1 also present with @entity614 or @entity602 , little is known as to the effectiveness of ACDF to relieve @entity158 and improve function in @entity1 without @entity1109 . OBJECTIVE:    To examine the clinical outcome in @entity1 undergoing (ACDF) for @entity4048 without @entity1109 . METHODS:    A systematic review was undertaken for articles published up to March 2010. Electronic databases and reference lists of key articles were searched to identify studies evaluating ACDF for the treatment of @entity4048 only. @entity614 and @entity602 , @entity1 who suffered severe @entity130 , or with @entity5 /metastatic disease or @entity281 were excluded. Two independent reviewers assessed the strength of evidence using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) system, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. RESULTS:    No comparative studies were identified. Three case series met our inclusion criteria and were evaluated. All studies showed a mean improvement of @entity158 of at least 50% approximately 4-years following surgery. Functional outcomes improved between 32% and 52% from baseline. Most @entity1 reported satisfaction with surgery, 56% in one study and 79% in another. Complications varied among studies ranging from 1% to 10% and included @entity1516 (9%), nonunion and revision (3%) and screw removal (1%). CONCLUSION:    There is low evidence suggesting that @entity1 with @entity4048 without @entity1109 may receive some improvement in @entity158 and function following ACDF. However, whether this benefit is greater than nontreatment or other treatments cannot be determined with the present literature.

title: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the management of XXXX in the absence of @entity614 or @entity602 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['radicular or myelopathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'axial neck pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['Radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['axial neck pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, cognitive assessments of @entity1 with @entity2314 highlighted @entity149 using test batteries that are time and labor intensive. OBJECTIVES: To introduce a user-friendly self-administered tool for cognitive testing in @entity1 with @entity2314 . METHODS: We used a computerized system requiring about 1 hour for @entity1 follow-up. All @entity1 with enzymatic and/ or molecular diagnosis of @entity2314 seen in our clinic underwent assessment with the Fabry-specific Mainz Severity Score Index (MSSI) with subscores (neurological, renal, cardiac, and general) and a Mindstreams neurocognitive battery for mild impairment, evaluating memory, executive function, attention, information processing, visual spatial processing, verbal function, and motor skills. A Global Cognitive Score (GCS) was also computed. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (3 males, 7 females) were tested (mean age 41.5, range 25-56 years). Males were younger, had moderate @entity8 and no @entity64 ( @entity64 ); their Mindstreams GCS was 85.6-107 points. Three females had mild-moderate (8,10,15 points) neurological MSSI subscores (two @entity64 ); all females had Mindstreams GCS of 59-107.7 points. Below-average performance was prevalent, particularly in information processing and motor skills consistent with mild impairment. Average GCS in females (90.3 points) was lowerthan in males (98.2 points). For individual @entity1 , performance was poorest in information processing (n = 4), attention (n = 2), motor skills (n = 2), verbal function (n = 1), and visual spatial processing (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: MindStreams may simplify cognitive assessment monitoring in @entity2314 .

title: Cognitive testing in XXXX : pilot using a brief computerized assessment tool.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Established nosology identifies @entity914 as a distinct category with boundaries separating it from @entity1316 with @entity716 and from @entity161 . Alternative models argue for a single boundary distinguishing @entity1316 with @entity716 from @entity161 (kraepelinian dichotomy) or a continuous spectrum from affective to nonaffective @entity716 . OBJECTIVE: To identify natural boundaries within @entity914 by evaluating associations between symptom course and long-term outcome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The Suffolk County Mental Health Project cohort consists of first-admission @entity1 with @entity716 recruited from all inpatient units of Suffolk County, New York (72% response rate). In an inception cohort design, @entity1 were monitored closely for 4 years after admission, and their symptom course was charted for 526 individuals; 10-year outcome was obtained for 413. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and other consensus ratings of study psychiatrists. RESULTS: We used nonlinear modeling (locally weighted scatterplot smoothing and spline regression) to examine links between 4-year symptom variables (ratio of nonaffective @entity716 to @entity1316 , duration of @entity162 /hypomania, @entity308 , and @entity716 ) and 10-year outcomes. Nonaffective @entity716 ratio exhibited a sharp discontinuity-10 days or more of @entity716 outside mood episodes predicted an 11-point decrement in GAF-consistent with the kraepelinian dichotomy. Duration of @entity162 /hypomania showed 2 discontinuities demarcating 3 groups: @entity162 absent, episodic @entity162 , and chronic @entity162 ( @entity162 /hypomanic >1 year). The episodic group had a better outcome compared with the @entity162 absent and chronic @entity162 groups (12-point and 8-point difference on GAF). Duration of @entity308 and @entity716 had linear associations with worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our data support the kraepelinian dichotomy, although the study requires replication. A boundary between @entity914 and @entity161 was not observed, which casts further doubt on schizoaffective diagnosis. Co-occurring @entity161 and @entity1316 may be better coded as separate diagnoses, an approach that could simplify diagnosis, improve its reliability, and align it with the natural taxonomy.

title: Boundaries of XXXX : revisiting Kraepelin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disturbance', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['schizoaffective disorder']


abstract: Importance. Infections can cause @entity3144 . Observations. We report the case of a @entity1 with a left ventricular assist device who presented with @entity810 and biopsy proven @entity3144 . Blood cultures grew @entity5125 . The @entity1 's rash improved with treatment of the underlying @entity5124 . Conclusion. Clinicians should be aware that there are a number of broad categories of disease associated with the histologic finding of @entity1333 , including infection. It is important to keep in mind the risk factors of a particular @entity1 when formulating a differential diagnosis. This is the first reported case of @entity2259 causing @entity3144 .

title: A Case of XXXX Caused by @entity5125 @entity2259 .

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['Listeria infection']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytoclastic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Listeria bacteremia']

answer: @entity3144 :: (MESH:C535509,Disease) :: ['Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the mortality due to @entity6982 in @entity349 miners. POPULATION AND METHODS: 3.998 workers exposed to @entity349 in Minas de Almad  n y Arrayanes S.A. were studied. The follow-up period was a century, since 1,895 to 1,994. It was completed assessing the vital status and the basic cause of @entity204 , in case of fatalities. Standardized Mortality Ratios by age, sex and calendar period were calculated. Expected deaths were obtained from age, sex and calendar period specific rates for the Spanish and Castilla-La Mancha populations. RESULTS: A significant increase in mortality due to @entity6982 was found (CIE-9 codes 580 to 629), being significant with respect to the total population for @entity1310 , @entity1985 and @entity3450 , with SMR of 1.69 an 95% CI 1.18 to 2.34. Mortality excesses due to @entity1310 , @entity1985 and @entity3450 were higher in the metallurgy workers than in miners. A Poisson multivariate regression detected a positive trend in the mortality due to @entity1310 and @entity3450 associated to the exposure length, with the risk increasing fivefold after 30 years of exposure to @entity349 . CONCLUSIONS: This paper shows an excess in the mortality due to @entity6982 , specially in @entity1310 , @entity1985 and @entity3450 , whose estimation and significance increases when compared to the population of Castilla-La Mancha.

title: [ XXXX mortality in @entity349 miners].

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity6982 :: ('MESH:D052801', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary diseases']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity6982 :: (MESH:D052801,Disease) :: ['Genitourinary diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are generally considered to represent a host immune response directed against @entity5 antigens. TIL are also increasingly recognised as possible prognostic parameters. However, the effects observed are variable indicating that results cannot be extrapolated from type of @entity5 to another. Moreover, it has been suggested that primary solid @entity5 may be ignored by the immune system and that a meaningful immune response is only mounted in regional lymph nodes. METHODS: We have examined the local distribution of immune cells in @entity5 -related compartments in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). In a second step, the prognostic impact of these cells on disease-free survival (DFS) was analysed. A total of 198 tissue cores from 33 @entity1 were evaluated using tissue mircroarray technique and immunohistochemistry. @entity5 immune cells were identified using antibodies specific for CD3, @entity405 , GranzymeB, @entity403 , @entity2225 and @entity469 and quantified using an image analysis system. RESULTS: We demonstrate a relative expansion of @entity403 + regulatory T-cells (Treg) and of cytotoxic T-cells among @entity5 infiltrating T-cells. We also show that intratumoural @entity2225 + B-cells are significantly more frequent in metastatic deposits than in primary @entity5 . Furthermore, we observed a reduced number of peritumoural @entity405 + T-cells in metastatic lymph nodes as compared to univolved regional nodes suggesting a local down-modulation of cellular immunity. All other immune cells did not show significant alterations in distribution. We did not observe an association of @entity5 infiltrating immune cells at the primary site with outcome. However, increased numbers of intraepithelial @entity405 + TIL in @entity5 as well as large numbers of peritumoural B-cells in lymph node @entity3 were associated with favourable outcome. Unexpectedly, no effect on @entity1 outcome was observed for Treg in any compartment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that alterations in lymphocyte distribution in regional lymph nodes rather than at the primary @entity5 site may be relevant for @entity1 prognosis. Moreover, we demonstrate that in addition to cellular immunity humoral immune responses may be clinically relevant in anti- @entity5 immunity.

title: Distribution of immune cells in head and neck cancer: @entity405 + T-cells and XXXX + B-cells in metastatic lymph nodes are associated with favourable outcome in @entity1 with oro- and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour-infiltrating', 'metastatic tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity2225 :: (54474,Gene) :: ['CD20']


abstract: Inability to consistently rear healthy Trichoplusia ni led to a study of its rearing diseases. Four diseases were designated after preliminary research which included electron microscopy: cytoplasmic polyhedrosis (due to cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, or @entity24715 ), nuclear polyhedrosis (due to nucleopolyhedrovirus, or NPV), " @entity204 " syndrome (mortality in first or second instars), and " @entity1064 ( @entity204 in late instars accompanied by @entity2348 ). Infectious agents were not detected by electron microscopy in insects with the latter two diseases. Prevalence of @entity24715 and NPV, but not the neonate- @entity204 or late-instar diseases, in progeny was significantly associated with pairs of mating adults. In conjunction with egg-surface decontamination, this indicated that both viruses may be transmitted transovarially. Pupae killed by @entity24715 had virions in the cytoplasm of infected cells, but polyhedra were empty, not occluding virions. None of the diseases had a consistent pattern of prevalence associated with the date on which eggs were laid after oviposition began. Prevalence rates of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis, nuclear polyhedrosis, and the late-instar disease were significantly greater at 95-100% relative humidity (RH) than at RH levels of 75% or below. These same three diseases killed significantly more insects in crowded rearing conditions (four or five larvae per cup with 10.2-cm(2) diet surface) than in uncrowded conditions (one to three larvae per cup). As a result of these experiments, healthy T. ni have been reared for 10 generations by use of a modified Pasteur method and rearing cups containing no more than two larvae.

title: Stressors and rearing diseases of Trichoplusia ni: evidence of vertical transmission of NPV and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1064 :: ('MESH:C536774', 'Disease') :: ['late-instar" syndrome']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonate death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial decomposition']

answer: @entity24715 :: (10788,Species) :: ['CPV']


abstract: The optimal management of penetrating @entity660 continues to be a matter of debate and controversy. The present study analyzes 103 consecutive @entity1 with these wounds treated at a level I @entity130 Center in a 14-year period (1975-1988). Twenty-seven @entity1 died within 48 hours from extensive associated @entity130 ( @entity1661 Index [ATI] 46.7). The majority of the remaining 76 @entity1 were treated by debridement and drainage. Nineteen @entity1 with grade III injuries had distal pancreatectomy. Six @entity1 with extensive combined pancreatoduodenal injuries had pancreatoduodenectomy. Pancreatoenteric anastomoses or duodenal diversion procedures rarely were used. Pancreatic complications included major @entity292 in four @entity1 (5%) and @entity788 in nine @entity1 (11%). Only one of the @entity292 required subsequent fistulojejunostomy. @entity6177 occurred in 18 @entity1 (23.6%), mostly in @entity1 with associated @entity1049 (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that a conservative approach to penetrating @entity660 yields optimal results and that associated @entity1049 is an important predeterminant for @entity733 formation.

title: Penetrating XXXX . Analysis of 103 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['Intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal Trauma']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injuries']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon injury']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic injuries']


abstract: Transplantation of normal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to the subretinal space has been reported to rescue photoreceptors in the RCS @entity35 . Moreover, the rescue effect was surprisingly large considering the relatively small number of RPE cells transplanted. The reason for this widespread rescue of photoreceptors is not known, nor is the mechanism for outer segment phagocytosis in photoreceptors not apposed to the transplanted RPE cells. This suggests that the rescue effect may not be solely mediated by the transplanted cells. We therefore wished to test whether the transplantation surgery itself might contribute to the rescue of RCS photoreceptors. For these control experiments, we performed the surgery on juvenile RCS @entity35 as described by others for the transplantation of RPE but instead of injecting RPE, we injected saline. We sacrificed the RCS control operates two months following surgery. In the area of the surgery (superior retinal quadrant) the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was up to 8-10 photoreceptor cells thick, while at the extreme inferior margin of the retina the ONL was almost eliminated. To investigate the role of temporary @entity1713 in photoreceptor rescue we repeated the above experiment using our trans-corneal approach to the subretinal space. This procedure results in a large temporary @entity1713 and little or no damage to the @entity3193 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Photoreceptor rescue in the RCS XXXX without pigment epithelium transplantation.

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroid and sclera']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The feasibility of heart transplantation has stimulated new interest in the therapy of severe refractory congestive @entity712 even as an interim solution. We studied the hemodynamics, clinical efficacy and practical implications of a 72-hour @entity452 infusion in 11 @entity1 with NYHA IV refractory congestive @entity712 (age 40-73, average 55 years). The dose was 250-1000 micrograms/min, with the goal of increasing cardiac output by 30-50%. Changes in the pharmacokinetics of @entity3303 were studied by single dose kinetics in 7 @entity1 . Cardiac output increased from 2.94 +/- 0.68 to 4.77 +/- 1.1 l/min and @entity64 volume from 35 +/- 10 to 56 +/- 12 ml (p less than 0.001). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 28.5 +/- 5 to 21 +/- 6 and central venous pressure from 14 +/- 6 to 7 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.007). There was marked worsening of hemodynamics 24-48 h after starting @entity452 . However, after withdrawal of @entity452 a significantly higher cardiac output and @entity64 volume (3.73 +/- 0.43 l/min, 42 +/- 7 mm Hg. p less than 0.05) persisted. Both clearance and distribution volume of @entity3303 increased, while half life decreased significantly (6.61 +/- 1.43 to 5.33 +/- 0.77 h. p less than 0.05). 9 of 11 @entity1 developed @entity943 , while in 4 massive diuresis occurred necessitating volume substitution. 6 @entity1 left hospital clinically improved, 2 were transplanted and 3 @entity1 died 1 day to 3 weeks after ending @entity452 . @entity452 had salutary hemodynamic and clinical effects outlasting the duration of @entity452 therapy. Due to its arrhythmogenic effects it should be administered under ECG monitoring. In @entity1 treated with @entity3303 , upward dose adjustments may be necessary with improving hemodynamics.

title: [Short-term XXXX therapy in severe cardiac insufficiency].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Lown IVb ventricular arrhythmia']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the range of early recovery patterns seen in @entity1 admitted for inpatient rehabilitation after @entity131 and to build simple predictive models of expected recovery. @entity1 : 103 consecutive paediatric admissions to a neurological rehabilitation facility after @entity6075 . METHODS: @entity1 's recoveries were defined by repeated scores on the WeeFIM (a validated paediatric measure of functional independence) assembled into recovery trajectories. Non-linear mixed effects modelling was used to define 'typical' recoveries and to identify useful simple predictor variables. RESULTS: WeeFIM recovery curves showed a characteristic sigmoidal form with an initial slow phase followed by a mid-phase of fastest improvement and a late plateau. Final WeeFIM scores ranged from 18 to 125 (median 105, IQR 87-117). The time taken to reach 50% final WeeFIM score ranged from 5 to 145 days (median 27, IQR 17-46). Both final WeeFIM and time to reach 50% final WeeFIM correlated with time to follow commands (TFC), defined as the post-injury day on which a @entity1 was first observed to follow two simple commands in a 24 h period. CONCLUSIONS: Simple models predicting outcome trajectory can be built incorporating early rate-of recovery indices (such as TFC) as proxies of injury severity. Such models allow informed discussion with families of likely rates of progress and the CI on these estimates. Models of this nature also potentially allow identification of @entity1 making better- or worse-than expected recoveries.

title: Modelling early recovery patterns after paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The exact factors predisposing to @entity6522 other than age are unknown. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of asymptomatic subjects undergoing screening colonoscopy. A detailed dietary and social questionnaire was completed on all @entity1 . A worldwide review of the literature was performed to further investigate any association between identified risk factors and @entity7261 . RESULTS: Seven hundred forty-six consecutive individuals were enrolled (mean age, 61.1  8.3 y; female: male=0.98). Overall, the prevalence of @entity7261 was 32.8% (95% CI, 29.5-36.2). @entity7261 were left-sided, right-sided, or both in 71.5%, 5.8%, and 22.7% of affected subjects, respectively. On univariate analysis, age, sex, @entity6523 , advanced @entity5 ( @entity652 >= 1 cm, villous histology, or @entity5 ), @entity117 , and @entity167 use were significantly associated with @entity7261 . Diet, body mass index, physical activity, and bowel habits were not associated with the disease. On multivariate analysis, increasing age (P<0.001), advanced @entity5 (P=0.021), and @entity167 consumption (P<0.001) were significantly associated with @entity7261 . The adjusted odds ratio for @entity7261 in @entity167 users was 1.91 (1.36 to 2.69), with increasing prevalence with higher @entity167 consumption (P-value for trend=0.001). When the prevalence of @entity7261 reported from 18 countries was analyzed against @entity167 use, there was a strong correlation with national per-capita @entity167 consumption rates (Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.68; P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: @entity167 use is a significant risk factor for @entity6522 and may offer a partial explanation for the existing East-West paradox in disease prevalence and phenotype. Further studies are needed to investigate this association and its putative pathophysiological mechanisms.

title: @entity167 consumption is a risk factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6522 :: ('MESH:D043963', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticula', 'diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

answer: @entity6522 :: (MESH:D043963,Disease) :: ['colonic diverticulosis']


abstract: Anecdotal evidence identified a change in the reaction of the resistant @entity33715 cv Nipper to ascochyta blight in South Australia in 2010 and subsequent seasons, leading to @entity281 . This study investigated field reactions of @entity33715 cultivars against Ascochyta lentis and the pathogenic variability of the A. lentis population in southern Australia on commonly grown cultivars and on parental germplasm used in the Australian @entity33715 breeding program. Disease data recorded in agronomic and plant breeder field trials from 2005 to 2014 in southern Australia confirmed the change in reaction on the foliage of the previously resistant cvs Nipper and Northfield. Cultivar responses to seed staining from A. lentis did not change. The change in foliar response was confirmed in a series of controlled environment experiments using single, conidium-derived, isolates of A. lentis collected over different years and inoculated onto differential host sets. Specific isolate/cultivar interactions produced a significant range of disease reactions from high to @entity146 with a greater percentage of isolates more aggressive on cvs Nipper, Northfield and PBA Flash than previously detected. Specific isolates were tested against Australian @entity33715 cultivars and breeding lines in controlled conditions, again verifying the @entity146 on cv Nipper. A small percentage of isolates collected prior to the commercial release of cv Nipper were also able to infect this cultivar indicating a natural variability of the A. lentis population which subsequently may have been selected in response to high cropping intensity of cv Nipper. Spore release studies from naturally infested @entity33715 stubbles collected from commercial crops also resulted in a high percentage of @entity281 on the previously resistant cvs Nipper and Northfield. Less than 10% of the lesions developed on the resistant differentials ILL7537 and cv Indianhead. Pathogenic variation within the seasonal populations was not affected by the cultivar from which the stubble was sourced, further indicating a natural variability in @entity146 . The impact of dominant cultivars in cropping systems and loss of effective disease resistance is discussed. Future studies are needed to determine if levels of @entity146 among A. lentis isolates are increasing against a range of elite cultivars.

title: Changes in XXXX of the Ascochyta lentis Population in Southern Australia.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'low aggressiveness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Aggressiveness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The analyze the correlation of @entity299 to different @entity299 and explore the pathogenesis and classification of @entity9136 . METHODS: This study involved 841 consecutive @entity1 (600 males and 241 females) admitted between January, 2008 and May, 2008, who underwent NT-ProBNP and @entity1011 tests during hospitalization. The @entity1 were classified according to the clinical diagnosis at the admission and to the status of the @entity299 . RESULTS: The @entity299 were significantly different between genders. NT-proBNP showed slight elevations in @entity1 with @entity955 , mild @entity299 , @entity101 and @entity951 , but significant elevation in @entity1 with severe @entity299 . In @entity1 with @entity2791 , the @entity299 were moderately increased, which was also seen in @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity583 and coronary artery bypass grafting. In @entity384 and @entity6331 , NT-proBNP showed marked increase with only slight increase of @entity1011 . @entity1 with @entity740 had the highest NT-proBNP and @entity1011 levels and the lowest @entity470 . The heart and kidneys index increased with the severity of the disease. From Ronco type I to type IV, NT-proBNP rose gradually, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and the type I and IV @entity1 had the highest @entity1011 level; type III involved mainly acute @entity301 , @entity712 and @entity8 . According to a modified classification, @entity751 was characterized mainly by a marked increase of NT-proBNP, while @entity751 by @entity1011 increases (P<0.05). Acute @entity301 , @entity712 and @entity2791 represented a special entity of @entity9136 . CONCLUSIONS: Heart and kidney biomarkers and clinical diagnosis are closely related. The heart and kidneys index more accurately reflects the severity of the @entity9136 . The @entity299 can be used in Ronco classification. The simplified classification is convenient to use and facilitates the clinical decisions of the treatment.

title: [Correlation of @entity299 to the pathogenesis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity9136 :: ('MESH:D059347', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['cardiarenal syndrome', 'renalcardiac syndrome']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart and kidney diseases', 'non-heart disease', 'heart and kidney biomarkers']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity9136 :: (MESH:D059347,Disease) :: ['cardiorenal syndrome']


abstract: Regulatory properties of a 1.4-kilobase promoter fragment of the bean @entity25368 synthase CHS8 gene were examined by analysis of glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic @entity286 containing a @entity18644 . The promoter was highly active in the root apical meristem and in petals, exclusively in those cells of the inner epidermis that accumulate @entity4211 . The gene fusion was only weakly expressed in other floral organs, mature leaves, and stems. The early stages of seedling development were characterized by an apparent wound induction of the promoter in the endosperm and strong expression in the immature root, which became localized to the apical meristem and perivascular tissue at the root-hypocotyl junction. The promoter became active during lateral root formation in both the new root and damaged tissue of the main root. The gene fusion was also expressed in greening cotyledons and primary leaves but not in the shoot apical meristem. Light modulated expression in the cotyledons and root-shoot junction but had no effect on other aspects of the developmental program. Wounding or fungal elicitor treatment of mature leaves activated the promoter in a well-defined zone adjacent to the stress site. Stress induction occurred in mesophyll and vascular tissues as well as in the epidermis. We conclude that the CHS8 promoter contains cis-elements required to establish temporal and spatial control of @entity3096 biosynthesis during development and in response to diverse environmental stimuli.

title: Developmental and environmental regulation of a bean @entity25368 synthase promoter in transgenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18644 :: ('MESH:D016538', 'Disease') :: ['CHS8-GUS gene fusion']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: We describe a double labelling method for estimating the duration of DNA synthesis (Ts) and the flux of cells into and from the S phase of the cell cycle, based on labelling with @entity665 [( @entity665 ) followed by b @entity1603 (B @entity1603 and combining immunohistological detection of B @entity1603 with conventional autoradiography. In practice, the change in size of a window of double labelled cells occurs as the time interval between the two labels increases. In m @entity19 tongue epithelium there is a marked circadian variation in the number of cells in DNA synthesis. From 0900 to 1500 h this l @entity894 (L @entity894 falls, but from 2100 to 0300 h it increases. Our results show that the circadian decrease in L @entity894 is associated with a short Ts (5.8 +/- 0.3 h), a high S phase efflux and an initially low influx of cells from G1 into S. Conversely, the rising circadian L @entity894 is associated with a longer Ts (9.4 +/- 0.1 h), an initially low efflux and a moderate to high influx. Two time-points exist on the circadian L @entity894 curve when influx and efflux rates change abruptly. At 0100 h the efflux rate rises from low (5 cells %/h) to high (15-16 cells %/h) and simultaneously the influx rate changes from high to low. Similarly at 1300-1400 h, efflux rate falls from high (19-20 cells %/h) to low (4-8 cells %/h) values and influx rates change from low to high. This double labelling method has revealed that the duration of DNA synthesis varies across the circadian cycle, as do influx and efflux values which generally fall within a discrete range of high or low values. The timing of the changes in flux suggests the presence of two 'control' points on the circadian L @entity894 cycle that were previously unrecognized.

title: Double labelling of cells with @entity665 and XXXX reveals a circadian rhythm-dependent variation in duration of DNA synthesis and S phase flux rates in rodent oral epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labelling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H]TdR', 'tritiated thymidine']

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']


abstract: Nerve biopsies were obtained from 27 @entity1 with @entity3949 . All had a @entity4148 or a purely @entity16 . Mean age was 39.8 years (range 23-57 years). Two @entity1 had Type 2 (non- @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus and the remainder Type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 . Morphometric observations on @entity2478 were compared with results from organ donor control cases and from @entity1 with type 1 @entity1897 . The area of the lumen of the capillaries did not differ between the three groups. The area occupied by the capillary endothelial cells in transverse section and the number of endothelial cell nuclei were increased both in the @entity1 with @entity3949 and @entity1897 , as was the thickness of the surrounding basal laminal zone. 'Closure' of @entity2478 in @entity3949 , reported in another study, was not confirmed. Capillary density and nearest-neighbour distances were similar in the @entity6 and organ donor control cases. Capillary density was reduced in the @entity1 with @entity1897 , this being related to increased @entity714 area consequent upon the presence of @entity1184 changes. The presence of thickening of the pericapillary basal laminal zone and endothelial cell hyperplasia both in @entity1897 , the latter being a @entity16 in which a vascular basis can be discounted, makes it difficult to use such changes as an argument favouring a vascular cause for @entity3949 . There were differences in the basal laminal zone between the @entity1897 cases suggesting that the reduplicated basal lamina was more persistent in the @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Morphometry of @entity2478 in XXXX sensory and @entity4148 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['fascicular']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['endoneurial capillaries']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy', 'diabetic and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['symmetric distal sensory and autonomic neuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Aging and vascular risk factors contribute to arterial stiffening. Increased arterial stiffness exposes the small vessels in the brain to abnormal flow pulsations and, as such, may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity6249 . In a population-based study, we investigated the association between arterial stiffness, as measured by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), and small vessel disease. METHODS: Overall, 1460 @entity1 (mean age, 58.2 years) underwent aPWV measurement and brain MRI scanning. We calculated aPWV by measuring time differences and distances between pulse waves in the carotid and femoral arteries. Using automated MRI analysis, we obtained white matter lesion volumes. @entity1188 and microbleeds were rated visually. We used linear and logistic regression models to associate aPWV with small vessel disease, adjusting for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate and additionally for cardiovascular risk factors. Subsequently, we explored associations in strata of @entity101 . RESULTS: In the study group, higher aPWV was associated with larger white matter lesion volume (difference in volume per SD increase in aPWV 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.12) but not with @entity1188 or microbleeds. In @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity101 , higher aPWV was significantly associated with larger white matter lesion volume (difference in volume per SD increase in aPWV 0.09; 95% CI, 0.00-0.18), deep or infratentorial microbleeds (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.16-3.91), and to a lesser extent also with @entity1188 (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.98-2.70). No such associations were present in @entity1 with controlled @entity101 or without @entity101 . CONCLUSIONS: In our study, increased arterial stiffness is associated with a larger volume of @entity62 .

title: Arterial stiffness and XXXX : the Rotterdam Scan Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts', 'Infarcts']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

answer: @entity6249 :: (MESH:D059345,Disease) :: ['cerebral small vessel disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 with @entity263 , dose-escalated conformal radiotherapy (CFRT) improves efficacy outcomes at the cost of increased @entity137 . We present a detailed analysis to provide further information about the incidence and prevalence of late gastrointestinal side effects. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The UK Medical Research Council RT01 trial included 843 @entity1 with @entity263 , who were treated for 6 months with neoadjuvant radiotherapy and were randomly assigned to either 64-Gy or 74-Gy CFRT. @entity137 was evaluated before CFRT and during long-term follow-up using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grading, the Late Effects on Normal Tissue: Subjective, Objective, Management (LENT/SOM) scale, and Royal Marsden Hospital assessment scores. @entity1 regularly completed Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy--Prostate (FACT-P) and University of California, Los Angeles, @entity263 Index (UCLA-PCI) questionnaires. RESULTS: In the dose-escalated group, the hazard ratio (HR) for @entity548 (LENT/SOM grade >or=2) was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.17-2.04); for @entity294 (LENT/SOM grade >or=2), the HR was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.10-2.94); and for @entity4272 (RTOG grade >or=2), the HR was 1.64 (95% CI, 1.20-2.25). Compared to baseline scores, the prevalence of moderate and severe @entity137 generally increased up to 3 years and than lessened. At 5 years, the cumulative incidence of @entity1 -reported severe bowel problems was 6% vs. 8% (standard vs. escalated, respectively) and severe @entity147 was 4% vs. 5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a statistically significant increased risk of various adverse gastrointestinal events with dose-escalated CFRT. This remains at clinically acceptable levels, and overall prevalence ultimately decreases with duration of follow-up.

title: Late gastrointestinal toxicity after dose-escalated conformal radiotherapy for early XXXX : results from the UK Medical Research Council RT01 trial (ISRCTN47772397).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['distress']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']