abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical effect of sustained @entity4854 on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair has not been well characterized. PURPOSE: To compare the clinical and structural outcomes between @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and to determine the effect of a @entity6 phenotype on tendon-to-bone healing. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: This study retrospectively evaluated a total of 335 shoulders that were available for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation at least 6 months after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using the suture-bridge technique with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Only @entity1 who had medium- to large-sized tears with supraspinatus of fatty infiltration <2 and no or mild @entity194 were enrolled in this study. There were 271 nondiabetic @entity1 (group A) and 64 @entity6 @entity1 (group B). The mean age at the time of operation for groups A and B was 57.7 and 58.2 years, respectively, and the mean duration of follow-up after surgery was 27.8 and 24.8 months, respectively. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to @entity158 at rest and during motion (P = .212 and .336, respectively). Both groups reported statistically significant improvement in Constant and Shoulder Rating Scale of the University of California at Los Angeles scores (P = .323 and .241, respectively), but there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. In assessing the repair integrity with postoperative MRI scans, 39 of 271 cases in group A (14.4%) and 23 of 64 cases in group B (35.9%) had retears, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P < .001). In analyzing the retear rates according to the severity of sustained @entity4854 in group B, retear was found in 16 of 37 (43.2%) uncontrolled @entity6 @entity1 with poor glycemic control (>= 7.0% of preoperative serum glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] levels) and in 7 of 27 (25.9%) controlled @entity6 @entity1 (<7.0%) (P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity158 , range of motion, and function all significantly improved after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using the suture-bridge technique, regardless of the presence of @entity6 . However, sustained @entity4854 increased the possibility of anatomic failure at the repaired cuff. In @entity6 @entity1 , an effective glycemic control was associated with better rate of healing after rotator cuff repair.

title: The Influence of XXXX on Clinical and Structural Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of @entity17967 and @entity1917 ( @entity1917 ) in different molecular subtypes of @entity0 and their association with clinicopathological characteristics of the disease. METHODS: Based on immunohistochemical results of ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity4205 , @entity6881 and @entity470 , 105 @entity0 @entity1 were classified as 4 subtypes: luminal, @entity1722 positive, basal-like subtype (BLs) and normal breast-like subtype (NBLs). The association of @entity17967 and @entity1917 expressions with clinicopathological parameters in different molecular subtypes was analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 105 @entity1 with @entity0 , the subtypes of luminal, @entity1722 positive, BLs and NBLs accounted for 52.4% (55/105), 16.2% (17/105), 17.1%(18/105) and 14.3% (15/105), respectively. @entity1 with luminal and/or NBLs subtypes had significantly higher 5-year survival rate than those with @entity1722 positive and/or BLs did (log-rank=22.161, P<0.01). The overall positive expression rate of @entity17967 was 26.7% (28/105) and the expression was higher in BLs @entity1 than that in other subgroups (    =30.108, P<0.01). The expression of @entity17967 was correlated with histological grade, @entity5 size, distant @entity3 and 5-year survival rate of @entity0 . The overall positive expression rate of @entity1917 was 67.6% (71/105) and the expression of @entity1917 was also higher in BLs @entity1 than that in other molecular subtypes (    =11.328, P<0.05). The positive expression of @entity1917 was correlated with @entity3 in ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, distant @entity3 and 5-year survival rate of the @entity1 . @entity17967 was correlated with @entity1917 (r=0.325, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with luminal and/or NBLs @entity0 have more favorable prognosis than those with @entity1722 positive and/or BLs subtypes. The expressions of @entity17967 and @entity1917 are closely correlated with the clinicopathological features of @entity0 @entity1 .

title: [Expressions of @entity17967 and @entity1917 in molecular subtypes of XXXX and their association with clinicopathological characteristics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1917 :: ('4316', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 7', 'MMP-7']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 is commonly co-morbid with @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). However, it is unknown whether @entity308 is a functional consequence of @entity3119 or whether these disorders share a common genetic aetiology. This longitudinal twin study compared these two hypotheses. METHOD: Data were drawn from a longitudinal sample of adolescent twins and siblings (n = 2651; Genesis 12-19 study) and from a cross-sectional sample of adult twins (n = 4920). The longitudinal phenotypic associations between @entity3119 symptoms (OCS) and @entity308 were examined using a cross-lag model. Multivariate twin analyses were performed to explore the genetic and environmental contributions to the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between OCS and @entity308 . RESULTS: In the longitudinal phenotypic analyses, OCS at time 1 (wave 2 of the Genesis 12-19 study) predicted @entity308 at time 2 (wave 3 of the Genesis 12-19 study) to a similar extent to which @entity308 at time 1 predicted OCS at time 2. Cross-sectional twin analyses in both samples indicated that common genetic factors explained 52-65% of the phenotypic correlation between OCS and @entity308 . The proportion of the phenotypic correlation due to common non-shared environmental factors was considerably smaller (35%). In the adolescent sample, the longitudinal association between OCS at time 1 and subsequent @entity308 was accounted for by the genetic association between OCS and @entity308 at time 1. There was no significant environmental association between OCS and later @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show that OCS and @entity308 co-occur primarily due to shared genetic factors and suggest that genetic, rather than environmental, effects account for the longitudinal relationship between OCS and @entity308 .

title: Aetiological overlap between XXXX : a longitudinal twin study in adolescents and adults.

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms']


abstract: Primary cultures of @entity291 microvascular endothelial cells (BME) isolated from the adrenal cortex, are commonly used to study vascular endothelium, but have a limited life span. To circumvent these limitations, we have immortalized BME cells with either @entity2235 (SV40) or with a retrovirus containing the coding region of @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ), and have investigated whether the clonal populations obtained, maintain differentiated properties characteristic of microvascular endothelium. Immortalized cells were characterized for maintenance of typical endothelial morphology, marker expression, and functional characteristics including uptake of Acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL), capillary-like tube formation in three-dimensional collagen gels, as well as metalloproteinase (MMP) and plasminogen activator (PA)-mediated extracellular proteolysis. Whilst immortalization of BME cells with SV40 was associated with loss of endothelial-specific properties, @entity2215 exhibited an endothelial phenotype similar to that of wild-type endothelial cells. Specifically, they showed a typical cobblestone morphology, were contact-inhibited, expressed endothelial cell-specific markers (e.g., @entity2279 , @entity2881 ) and both @entity7167 ( @entity7167 ) and @entity319 ( @entity319 ). In addition, they expressed receptors for LDL. Importantly, when grown on collagen gels, @entity2215 cells underwent MMP-dependent tube-like structure formation in response to @entity319 activation. In a collagen gel sandwich assay, @entity2215 formed tubular structures in the absence of exogenously added angiogenic cytokines. Sustained tube formation was induced by @entity7 alone or in combination with @entity540 . From 17 sub-clones that displayed a non-transformed phenotype, a high proliferative capacity and tubulogenic properties in three-dimensional collagen gels, we isolated two distinct subpopulations that display a highly specific response to @entity7 or to @entity540 . We have generated @entity2215 cells that maintain endothelial-specific properties and function and have isolated clones that respond differentially to @entity7 or @entity540 . These immortalized cell lines will facilitate the study of endothelial cell biology.

title: XXXX microvascular endothelial cells immortalized with @entity1 telomerase.

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2', 'VEGFR-2']

entities_list: @entity7167 :: ('2260', 'Gene') :: ['FGFR-1', 'fibroblast growth factor receptor 1']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: @entity935 , @entity1063 (NA) and @entity1425 (Ad) depletion by @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) and @entity4927 plus @entity2955 was investigated in the cat left ventricle, mesenteric and renal arteries, @entity8 and adrenal medulla. @entity2922 concentrations in plasma were also analyzed in these two experimental conditions. @entity2955 alone or in combination with @entity4927 induced parallel decreases of NA and @entity935 contents in the left ventricle. In the main trunk and proximal branches of the mesenteric artery and renal artery @entity2955 selectively reduced NA without a parallel decrease in @entity935 content. Previous treatment with @entity4927 abolished this selectivity. In the kidney of control animals, @entity935 content was greater than could be attributed to its presence only in noradrenergic neurones. In the renal cortex @entity2955 reduced significantly @entity935 and NA contents, and in the renal medulla only NA levels were decreased by this drug. @entity4927 plus @entity2955 did not deplete the NA content either in the renal cortex or in the renal medulla, and only reduced significantly the @entity935 content in the renal cortex. NA concentrations in plasma were increased by @entity4927 plus @entity2955 whilst Ad remained unaffected. In the adrenal medulla only NA content was reduced either by @entity2955 or @entity4927 plus @entity2955 . The present findings suggest a NA-independent @entity935 pool in both segments of the mesenteric artery and renal artery but not in the left ventricle.

title: The effects of chemical sympathectomy on @entity935 , @entity1063 and XXXX content in some peripheral tissues.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cortex, renal medulla']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4927 :: ('MESH:D010293', 'Chemical') :: ['pargyline', 'Pargyline']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['adrenaline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4108 Objective: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of three different combination regimens, CapOx, CapGem, and GemOx for treatment of advanced @entity788 . @entity1 : Of 165 planned pts, 135 pts have been enrolled between June 2002 and December 2003 from 37 centres. @entity1 (pts) received either @entity416 2 x 1000mg/m2 po d1-14 plus @entity901 130mg/m2 iv d1 (CapOx) or @entity416 2 x 825mg/m2 po d1-14 plus @entity136 1000mg/m2 iv d 1+8 (CapGem) or or @entity136 1000 mg/m2 iv d1+8 plus @entity901 130 mg/m2 d8 (GemOx). In all three treatment arms, cycles were repeated every 3 wks. Progression-free survival after 3 months was evaluated as a primary end-point. RESULTS: At the interim analysis, 44, 45, and 46 pts had been included into the respective treatment arms. Median age was 63 yrs (range 40-74), 92% of pts presented with a KPS >70%, and 76% had metastatic disease. Stratification was performed with regard to KPS and stage of disease, and pts were accordingly well balanced between treatment groups. At the time of evaluation, 263 treatment cycles were evaluable for @entity137 . Generally, hematotoxicity was low with regard to grade 3-4 @entity417 , @entity1431 , and @entity882 : 0%, 0%, 0% for CapOx, 18%, 0%, 0% for CapGem, and 0%, 5%, 15% for GemOx. Alopecia grade <2 occurred in 18%, 25%, and 32% of pts. @entity5515 grade >=  2 was observed in 5% of @entity1 each in the CapGem and the CapOx arm. CONCLUSION: At present time, all three treatment regimens CapOx, CapGem, and GemOx are comparably well tolerated and show a low profile of side effects. A comparative analysis of treatment efficacy will be presented at the meeting. [Table: see text].

title: Randomised trial of @entity416 plus @entity901 (CapOx) versus XXXX plus @entity136 (CapGem) versus @entity136 plus @entity901 (GemOx) in advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity454 is a chronic and progressive pathology associated with several comorbidities, particularly @entity6 . Indeed, @entity6 is the first cause of @entity454 and, in France, 42% of incident @entity1 had @entity6 in 2012. In the general population, @entity6 is associated with increased @entity5 risk. The aim of this study was to examine the association between risk of @entity5 and @entity6 in a large French cohort of @entity1 with @entity454 . Data on all @entity1 with @entity454 who initiated dialysis in France between 2002 and 2009 were extracted from the Renal Epidemiology Information Network registry. The risk of dying by @entity5 was studied using the Fine and Gray model to take into account the competing risk of @entity204 by other causes. We analyzed 39 811 @entity1 with @entity454 . Their mean age was 67.7  15 years, 39.4% had @entity6 and 55.3% at least one @entity65 . Compared with the non- @entity6 group, @entity1 with @entity6 were older and had more cardiovascular and respiratory comorbidities when they started dialysis. Conversely, fewer @entity6 @entity1 had also a @entity5 at the beginning of the renal replacement therapy. @entity5 was indicated as the cause of @entity204 for 6.7% of @entity6 and 13.4% of non- @entity6 @entity1 . The Fine and Gray multivariate analyses indicated that @entity6 (HR=0.72 95% CI: [0.68-0.95], p<0.001) and also female gender, peritoneal dialysis, @entity455 and kidney transplantation were associated with decreased risk of @entity204 by @entity5 . In this French cohort of @entity1 with @entity454 , @entity6 was not associated with a significant increased risk of dying from @entity5 . Studies on the incidence of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity454 are now needed to evaluate the potential association between @entity6 and specific @entity5 in this population.

title: Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and @entity5 Mortality in the 2002-2009 Cohort of 39 811 French Dialyzed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer death', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the mutual influence of valvular calcifications and transcatheter aortic valve stent geometry during and after implantation of a balloon-expandable SAPIEN(  )/SAPIEN XT(  ) prostheses. @entity7874 has been linked with adverse complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, little is known about the fate of the calcifications after TAVI as well as its influence on transcatheter heart valve geometry. METHODS: Thirty one @entity1 underwent cardiac dual source computed tomography (DSCT) before and after a TAVI with the Edwards SAPIEN/SAPIEN XT(  ) prostheses. Detailed DSCT image analysis was performed with Mimics(  ) and 3Matic(  ) (both Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). RESULTS: Implanted stents reached an average degree of expansion of 84% and achieved good circularity despite the presence of fairly oval native annuli and a heterogeneous degree of @entity340 . Both, the degree of stent expansion and the degree of stent eccentricity were inversely related to the degree of oversizing, but independent of the degree of @entity340 and native @entity16768 . Visualization of the position of @entity730 before and after TAVI showed that calcifications were shifted upwards and outwards as a consequence of the implantation procedure. The degree of stent eccentricity was related to residual @entity337 grade   >= 2. CONCLUSIONS: The SAPIEN(  )/SAPIEN XT(  ) prostheses achieved good degrees of stent expansion and circularity regardless of the morphology of the landing zone. @entity101 was associated with an elevated risk for @entity337 . The total calcification volume, degree of @entity16768 and stent expansion were not associated with residual AR.

title: Dual source computed tomography based analysis of stent performance, its association with @entity340 and residual XXXX after implantation of a balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve.

entities_list: @entity16768 :: ('MESH:D016460', 'Disease') :: ['annular ovality']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Increased stent ovality']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific debris']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular calcification']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review studies of antibiotic prophylaxis in @entity656 published in the last decade and update recommendations. DATA SOURCES: A search of PubMed (1998-July 2009) was conducted using the terms @entity788 , antibiotics, prophylaxis, and treatment. Clinical studies, meta-analyses, and review articles published in English were included. Additional references were obtained from article bibliographies. Randomized trials published before 1998 were included if indicated. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant studies or meta-analyses on antibiotic prophylaxis since our previous review in 1998 were evaluated; older data were included if still relevant. DATA SYNTHESIS: Since our previous review, 4 more randomized trials, including 2 double-blind trials, have been conducted. The blinded studies found no significant difference in mortality with antibiotic prophylaxis compared with placebo, while the unblinded studies found a significant @entity281 . Given these disparate results, available guidelines and meta-analyses provide different conclusions, usually based on exclusion or inclusion of a single trial. Based on all available data, antibiotic prophylaxis should not be used in @entity1 with @entity788 . Instead, a more measured, on-demand use of antibiotics is preferred. Antibiotics should be added if signs and symptoms of @entity281 are present (eg, @entity221 , @entity491 , positive results of cultures). Given improvements in intensive care and nutritional support, recent trials have found a lower incidence of @entity788 than before. Therefore, future trials are likely to need higher numbers of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Use of antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity1 with @entity788 is not indicated, based on 2 blinded trials. Instead, on-demand use of antibiotics appears to be appropriate. Given progress in intensive care and the high crossover rate in studies, the need for antibiotic prophylaxis may continue to be debated for decades.

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in XXXX revisited.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing pancreatitis', 'infected necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'decrease in infections']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: In @entity1 with the @entity791 ( @entity791 ), the rate of relapse after primary treatment for @entity1330 remains high. We conducted a controlled, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of maintenance therapy with @entity2380 . At entry into the study, all @entity1 had sterile cultures of cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and urine after following a standardized course of therapy for culture-proved @entity1330 . The @entity1 were randomly assigned to take either @entity2380 or placebo as maintenance therapy. The dose of @entity2380 was 100 mg daily in the first phase of study and 200 mg daily in the second phase. RESULTS: Of 84 @entity1 initially enrolled, 16 (19 percent) were found to have silent, persistent @entity281 on the basis of cultures that became positive after entry into the study; 7 other @entity1 were lost to follow-up shortly after entry. Of the remaining 61 @entity1 , 10 of 27 assigned to placebo (37 percent) and 1 of 34 assigned to @entity2380 (3 percent) had a recurrence of @entity281 at any site (difference in risk, 34 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 15 to 53). Of the 11 recurrent infections, 7 were detected in urine obtained after prostatic massage. There were four recurrent @entity693 in the @entity1 taking placebo, but none in those taking @entity2380 (mean duration of follow-up, 164 days) (P = 0.03). In multivariate analyses, the best predictors of recurrence-free survival were @entity2380 treatment (P = 0.02; relative hazard, 13.2), a lower serum cryptococcal-antigen titer (P = 0.05; relative hazard, 1.2), and more prolonged primary therapy with @entity4895 (P = 0.09; relative hazard, 1.1). Survival and @entity137 were similar in the two maintenance-treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity791 , silent persistent @entity281 is common after clinically successful treatment for @entity1330 . Maintenance therapy with @entity2380 is highly effective in preventing recurrent @entity281 .

title: A placebo-controlled trial of maintenance therapy with @entity2380 after treatment of XXXX in the @entity791 . California Collaborative Treatment Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity1330 :: (MESH:D016919,Disease) :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']


abstract: Smooth-walled @entity1346 implants have been widely used in breast surgery. Capsular contracture, causing undesirable firmness and @entity85 , has been a common problem. Recent studies suggest that @entity2636 -covered breast implants are associated with a lower incidence of capsular contracture. The statistical methodology employed in some of these studies, however, may be subject to criticism. Between July of 1984 and June of 1990 (72 months), 427 @entity2636 breast implants were used in 279 @entity1 and 439 smooth prostheses were used in 250 @entity1 for a variety of aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. The occurrence of capsular contracture was carefully monitored and then analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method of survival analysis. This method is particularly well suited to analysis of these types of clinical data because it allows for the fact that contractures occur at varying intervals after surgery and that follow-up of @entity1 is incomplete. The probability of capsular contracture with smooth-walled prostheses was found to be significantly greater than with @entity2636 -covered implants in each group of @entity1 studied (p less than 0.05). Other complications occurred at a similar rate regardless of prosthesis type. This study supports the belief that @entity2636 breast implants have a lower contracture rate; furthermore, it introduces the Kaplan-Meier method for analyzing the outcome of alternative plastic surgical therapies.

title: Comparative experience with smooth and XXXX breast implants using the Kaplan-Meier method of survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spherical deformity']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to the high risk of @entity548 associated with the implantation of a central venous catheter (CVC) via the internal jugular or subclavian access, the use of a peripherally inserted catheter (PICC) offers the advantage of a lower risk of @entity548 complications. However, the rate of @entity3527 is higher with the PICC and its use has been declining. We have studied the benefits and adverse events of a new type of PICC and a common type. METHODS: From October 1999 to October 2001, 70 PICCs (Olimpicc, Vygon, Germany, n=40; and LIFECATH-PICC(PUR)5FR Vygon, Germany, n=30) were inserted into 66 @entity1 with haematological @entity5 and used for high-dose chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition and autologous blood stem cell transplantation. While removing the catheter, central and peripheral blood cultures were taken. The catheter tip was investigated by the semi-quantitative roll-out method of Maki. RESULTS: Sixty-five PICCs were removed after a median of 8.9 days. In five cases a catheter-associated significant colonisation with coagulase-negative staphylococci occurred. In two instances catheter-related @entity582 was found. CONCLUSION: In our study this catheter system was inserted in 94% of @entity1 without problems and showed a low incidence of @entity3527 (5/65). Because of the high rate of catheter malfunction reported during and after our study, the Olimpicc catheter is no longer available. The PICC system, and the LIFECATH-PICC(PUR)5FR in particular, offers a safe and effective alternative for central venous access to the internal jugular vein.

title: Peripherally inserted central venous catheters for autologous blood progenitor cell transplantation in @entity1 with haematological XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a novel strategy used to treat @entity5 . Inhibition of @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) 6 by the @entity15152 inhibitor panobinostat hinders the refolding of unfolded proteins by increasing the acetylation of @entity1457 protein 90. We investigated whether combining panobinostat with the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 would kill @entity5 cells effectively by inhibiting the degradation of these unfolded proteins, thereby causing ubiquitinated proteins to accumulate and induce ER stress. METHODS: @entity1 , ACHN, and @entity1 cells were treated with @entity13537 and/or @entity1749 . Cell viability, clonogenicity, and induction of apoptosis were evaluated. The in vivo efficacy of the combination was evaluated using a @entity19 subcutaneous xenograft model. The combination-induced ER stress and ubiquitinated protein accumulation were assessed. RESULTS: The combination of panobinostat and @entity1749 induced apoptosis and @entity703 growth synergistically (combination indexes <1). It also suppressed colony formation significantly (p <0.05). In a @entity19 subcutaneous @entity5 model, a 10-day treatment was well tolerated and inhibited @entity5 growth significantly (p <0.05). Enhanced acetylation of the @entity15688 substrate alpha-tubulin was consistent with the suppression of @entity15688 activity by panobinostat, and the combination was shown to induce ER stress and ubiquitinated protein accumulation synergistically. CONCLUSIONS: Panobinostat inhibits @entity703 growth by synergizing with @entity1749 to induce ER stress and ubiquitinated protein accumulation. The current study provides a basis for testing the combination in @entity1 with advanced @entity703 .

title: Panobinostat synergizes with XXXX to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and ubiquitinated protein accumulation in @entity703 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity15152 :: ('9734', 'Gene') :: ['HDAC', 'histone deacetylase']

entities_list: @entity13537 :: ('MESH:C496932', 'Chemical') :: ['panobinostat']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'inhibited renal cancer']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['bortezomib']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1205 and @entity3003 have a broad spectrum of antitumor activity. We conducted a phase I study of @entity1205 and @entity3003 as second-line chemotherapy in previously treated @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). This study aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose-limiting @entity137 in this second-line combination chemotherapy. METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were treated with escalating @entity1205 doses in combination with a fixed-target area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 5 mg min/ml of @entity3003 on day 1 of a 3-4-week cycle. The @entity3003 dose was determined by multiplying the AUC by the clearance predicted using the Chatelut formula. The @entity1205 dose was escalated from 40 mg/m2 to the MTD by 10 mg/m2 increments. RESULTS: A total of 16 @entity1 previously treated with anticancer drugs were enrolled through three dose levels (40, 50 and 60 mg/m2 of @entity1205 ). All @entity1 were assessable for @entity137 and response. The MTD was @entity1205 60 mg/m2 with a @entity3003 target AUC of 5 mg min/ml, and the dose-limiting @entity137 in two of four @entity1 were @entity1398 and @entity882 . Overall, @entity1398 and @entity882 of grade 3/4 occurred in eight @entity1 (50%) and three @entity1 (19%), respectively. Four @entity1 (25%) and two @entity1 (13%) experienced both grade 1 @entity294 and @entity1909 , respectively. @entity56 , fluid retention, @entity55 , @entity2359 and @entity33 were not observed. Of 16 @entity1 , 5 showed an objective response (response rate 31%; 95% CI 14-56%). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity1205 and @entity3003 is a feasible and well-tolerated second-line chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of @entity1149 . @entity1205 50 mg/m2 under the @entity3003 target AUC of 5 mg x min/ml using the Chatelut formula was the recommended dose for phase II study.

title: Phase I study of second-line chemotherapy with @entity1205 and XXXX in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: @entity1239 , which is found in @entity286 , is one of the most toxic of all known poisons. A 31-year-old @entity1 was brought to our emergency department 2 hours after ingesting a usually fatal dose of a @entity286 extract. Although gastric lavage was once commonly used to treat @entity4968 cases of this type, lavage can lead to such complications as @entity1173 , @entity519 , oropharyngeal and gastric @entity130 , and electrolyte disturbances. Recent guidelines have suggested less-aggressive gastric-emptying procedures as initial treatments. Currently, there are no absolute indications for gastric lavage use. The present @entity1 had a history of @entity308 episodes and had attempted suicide by ingesting an extract derived from 20 cigarettes mixed with @entity167 . There was no evidence of @entity391 or @entity410 occurring before arrival of the ambulance. Physical examination revealed no signs of sweating, although the @entity1 appeared to be confused, which is often seen with @entity1239 intoxication. She admitted using 2 kinds of cigarette, each of which typically contain 11.2 mg of @entity1239 . The @entity1 's @entity1239 level was suspected to be higher than 40 to 60 mg, which is normally fatal. To determine whether gastric lavage was indicated in this case, we performed ultrathin transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which neither requires sedation nor compromises the airways. Although 2 hours had passed since ingestion, the @entity286 extract and food were directly visualized within the stomach. Subsequently, gastric lavage was performed with 2,000 mL of water administered through a nasogastric tube. Ultrathin esophagogastroduodenoscopy made it possible to directly observe the gastric lavage and to ensure the stomach contents had been completely removed. No changes were noted in the vital signs, and no obstruction of the airways was observed. The @entity1 recovered quickly and was discharged the following day. Ultrathin esophagogastroduodenoscopy helped determine the diagnosis and ensure that gastric lavage had been performed without complications.

title: Gastric lavage guided by ultrathin transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy in a life-threatening case of @entity286 extract XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the activity and @entity137 of @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN) in advanced @entity1149 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 , WHO performance status <2 and bidimensionally measurable disease were required to enter the study. @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) day 1 and 1000 or 800 mg/m(2) day 4, @entity1260 3 g/m(2) day 1 (with mesna), @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) day 1 and 25-20 mg/m(2) day 4 were administered on an outpatient basis every 3 weeks for a maximum of six courses. Objective remissions (ORs) were evaluated every two courses. According to Simon's optimal two-stage design, more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity1 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. RESULTS: The study group comprised 50 @entity1 . Most @entity1 had @entity3 (79%) and nonsquamous histology (71%). The total number of courses administered was 200, with a median per @entity1 of 4 (range 1-6). Myelosuppression, in particular @entity1431 , was the most frequent @entity137 : grade 3-4 @entity1398 (WHO) occurred in 47% of the courses, while grade 3-4 @entity882 and @entity417 affected, respectively, 6.6% and 3.5% of the courses only. Twelve episodes of @entity1398 were recorded, and three @entity1 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity204 were reported. Nonhematological @entity137 was generally mild and not clinically relevant. A total of 25 ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The GIN combination showed promising activity against @entity1149 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity1398 , being dose limiting. This non- @entity902 -based triplet may be a valuable alternative to standard @entity902 -containing regimens and it is under evaluation in an ongoing randomized trial.

title: @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN): a @entity902 -free combination in advanced XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological adjustment may not be achieved by some @entity1 even years after @entity0 . Although level of adjustment to diagnosis in the earliest (pretreatment) period is associated with future adjustment, limited research has explored this early period. Greater knowledge of @entity1 's thoughts and behaviors as adjustment is initiated is needed to target interventions for @entity1 at risk for future adjustment problems. OBJECTIVES: This study was intended to expand what is known about the pretreatment experiences, thought processes, and behaviors of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 and further define concepts and increase the scope of Acclimating to @entity0 , a grounded theory of adjustment in the pretreatment period. METHODS: Forty-five semistructured interviews were conducted with 26 @entity1 prior to and again within 30 days after @entity0 surgery. @entity1 were 39 to 81 years old with stage 0 to stage II disease and primarily varied from the original sample geographically and on length of, and care coordination during, the pretreatment period. A multidisciplinary team performed directed content analysis, comparing new data to the original theory. RESULTS: Although generally consistent with the original theory, findings contributed to renaming 1 and adding 2 theory categories plus expanding 7 of 8 existing categories. Additional personal and situational influences on the process were identified. CONCLUSION: The grounded theory of Acclimating to @entity0 was modified with new data from @entity1 currently experiencing the pretreatment period following diagnosis. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This theory modification provides a framework to guide needed assessment, psychoeducation, and research aimed at supporting psychological adjustment during the pretreatment period.

title: Exploring the first days of adjustment to cancer: a modification of acclimating to XXXX theory.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Aberrant nuclear factor-kappaB ( @entity2451 ) signaling plays a role in @entity5 initiation and progression; thus, it represents a potential therapeutic target. We previously identified a mechanism of repression of @entity2451 transcriptional activity and induction of apoptosis in @entity694 cells involving nuclear/nucleolar translocation of the @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ) component of @entity2451 . This response was stimulated by cellular stress-inducing agents, including @entity117 , but not by @entity5 @entity39 factor. Here, we investigate the upstream molecular mechanisms responsible for nucleolar targeting of @entity9135 and show that @entity117 activates the @entity1435 (MAPK) pathway in @entity14 cells. We also show that @entity117 causes rapid, ubiquitin-dependent degradation of @entity4910 , a known @entity1435 target. @entity117 -induced @entity1435 activation preceded @entity4910 degradation, which was then followed by activation of the @entity2451 pathway, suggesting a causative link. Indeed, chemical @entity1435 inhibition ( @entity27601 ) and small interfering RNA directed against @entity1435 blocked @entity117 -induced @entity4910 degradation, nucleolar translocation of @entity9135 , and apoptosis. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of the @entity59712 ( @entity8985 ) kinase complex, used as a surrogate for @entity4910 degradation, caused nucleolar translocation of @entity9135 , repression of kappaB-driven transcription, and apoptosis, thereby reproducing the effects of @entity117 . In addition, we found that @entity117 and the @entity8985 inhibitor induced nucleolar translocation of @entity9135 and apoptosis through a common mechanism involving the @entity2733 -terminal nucleolar localization signal. Collectively, these data suggest that @entity117 causes inhibition of @entity4910 / @entity8985 through the @entity1435 MAPK pathway. This inhibition stimulates the @entity2451 pathway to induce nucleolar translocation of @entity9135 and apoptosis. These novel findings have considerable relevance to the rational design of novel chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative strategies.

title: @entity1435 -mediated inactivation of @entity59712 stimulates nucleolar translocation of XXXX and apoptosis in @entity14 cells.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity59712 :: ('595;1019', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase', 'p38']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity9135 :: (5970,Gene) :: ['RelA']


abstract: One hundred and nine @entity1 treated by total prostatectomy for apparently localised @entity189 were analysed to investigate the prognostic significance of capsular invasion and penetration, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node metastases, grade as assessed by the Gleason and @entity601 Anderson Hospital (MDAH) systems and DNA content measured by flow cytometry of nuclear material extracted from paraffin embedded @entity5 . Comparison of DNA content was made with 36 benign prostates. Mean follow-up/survival was 60.7 months, at which time 21 @entity1 had evidence of recurrence or had died. Only 5 @entity1 had local recurrence. @entity5 grade, as assessed by both the Gleason Sum Score and the MDAH system, correlated with anatomical extent and was the most important determinant of time to recurrence. Fifty-nine @entity5 were diploid, 44 tetraploid and 6 aneuploid. One of 36 benign prostates showed aneuploidy. Ploidy did not correlate with the anatomical extent of the @entity5 or with grade. @entity5 recurred earlier than @entity5 . None of 6 @entity5 have recurred, although only 3 have been followed beyond 5 years. Multivariate analysis showed that after accounting for grade, none of the other variables, including ploidy, contributed any additional significant prognostic information. Although the results must be regarded as preliminary, in view of the small number of @entity1 with recurrence, they suggest that DNA content offers limited prognostic information in clinically localised @entity263 .

title: Relationship of DNA content to conventional prognostic factors in clinically localised XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diploid tumours', 'Tumour', 'tumours', 'aneuploid tumours', 'Tetraploid tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: Thyroid masses are a common clinical finding, and their management remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of performing routine ultrasound (US) examinations and US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) in the management of @entity8170 diagnosed by mass screening. Mass screening carried out from 1993 to 1996 revealed 444 @entity1 with @entity5651 , 322 of whom had @entity5651 and 122 had @entity8170 . All of these @entity1 underwent US examination, the results of which determined that 169 should undergo US-FNAB to confirm an accurate diagnosis of their @entity259 . Histological examinations after surgical resection revealed that 12 of the 322 @entity1 with @entity5651 (3.7%) and 23 of the 122 with @entity8170 (18.9%) had @entity5 . Among the 61 @entity259 surgically verified, US-FNAB yielded a sensitivity rate of 93%, a specificity rate of 81%, and an accuracy rate of 90%. Insufficient aspiration was obtained from 5%. Performing US-FNAB-resulted in an elevation in the percentage of @entity5 yielded at surgery of up to 72%. Thus, ultrasonography followed by US-guided-FNAB could be a useful routine method of evaluating @entity259 detected by mass screening. Moreover, a greater number of unnecessary thyroid operations can be avoided by performing US-FNAB rather than FNAB alone.

title: The efficiency of performing ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy following mass screening for XXXX to avoid unnecessary surgery.

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse or nodular goiter', 'nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'diffuse goiter']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid tumors']


abstract: @entity649 ( @entity649 ) and @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ) are common, serious @entity358 in preterm @entity1 . Polymorphism of the genes involved in basic lung function and alveolar stability, lung differentiation and pulmonary host defense may influence the risk. Natural selection has refined the genes responsible for cardiopulmonary adaptation and resistance against @entity55 in term and near-term @entity1 . Before the era of antibiotics, however, virtually all very preterm @entity1 died of @entity1763 , @entity1576 or @entity281 . Today, the degree of @entity3465 plays a dominant role in susceptibility to serious @entity358 . In addition, genetic polymorphism and constitution modulate the risk of @entity649 and @entity2107 that have different, partly overlapping predisposition. According to twin studies, the genetic impact on the risk of @entity649 and @entity2107 among preterm and very preterm @entity1 @entity3482 -65%. Individual disease genes generally have low penetrance. Large-scale genetic studies are required as part of neonatal and perinatal research in order to learn about the risk factors and to investigate pharmacogenetics. The aim in the future is to individualize therapies.

title: Genes and environment in common XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['neonatal lung disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2754 is characterized by short ejaculatory latency, inability to control ejaculation and resultant overall decreased sexual satisfaction for the @entity1 and his partner. Diagnostic criteria typically include aspects of psychological well-being. To motivate and justify treatment for @entity2754 a more comprehensive understanding of its impact on @entity1 , their partners and their overall relationship is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a community based, observational study of 1,587 @entity1 and their female partners clinicians diagnosed @entity2754 using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4th edition, text revision criteria. For purposes of this analysis this group was further restricted to subjects with a stopwatch measured intravaginal ejaculatory latency time of 2 minutes or less. Responses to the @entity2754 Profile, Self-Esteem and Relationship questionnaire, Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction and Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 were compared between @entity2754 and nonpremature ejaculation groups. Correlations between responses of @entity1 and partners were assessed for the @entity2754 Profile and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction. Correlations among @entity1 reported measures enabled the assessment of independence of outcome variables. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of 207 @entity1 who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4th edition, text revision criteria 89 had an intravaginal ejaculatory latency time of 2 minutes or less. Lower levels of sexual functioning and satisfaction, and higher levels of personal distress and interpersonal difficulty were reported by @entity1 with @entity2754 and their partners. In addition, @entity1 with @entity2754 rated their overall quality of life lower than that of @entity1 without @entity2754 . Consequently @entity2754 has a significant psychological burden on @entity1 , their partners and the male/partner relationship.

title: The psychological burden of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['Premature Ejaculation', 'Premature ejaculation', 'premature ejaculation']

answer: @entity2754 :: (MESH:D061686,Disease) :: ['premature ejaculation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether digital reactive @entity450 index (RHI) measured by digital pulse amplitude tonometry is a sensitive indicator of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). BACKGROUND: @entity301 is an early marker of @entity65 . However, @entity301 is a complex diagnosis and consists of @entity156 of the coronary circulation. Impaired RHI is a noninvasive measure of peripheral vascular dysfunction that can identify individuals with @entity934 induced @entity301 . It is largely unknown whether there is also an association between RHI and the endothelial-independent aspect of @entity301 assessed as a coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). METHODS: We included 339 @entity1 with @entity662 suggestive of @entity951 and a diagnostic invasive coronary angiogram without significant @entity3979 (<50%). CFVR was measured by transthoracic pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography during @entity4341 infusion (0.84 mg/kg). RHI was assessed by digital pulse amplitude tonometry. @entity1 were categorized in 3 RHI and 3 CFVR groups. We examined the association between CFVR and RHI and the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors between the CFVR and RHI groups. RESULTS: CFVR and RHI were successfully measured in 322 @entity1 . Median CFVR was 2.3 (interquartile range: 2.0  to 2.8) and median RHI was 2.1 (interquartile range: 1.6 to 2.6). No correlation was found between CFVR and RHI (Spearman's rho  = -0.067, p  = 0.23), and mean RHI did not differ between CFVR categories (p  = 0.39). @entity1 with low CFVR were significantly older and had a significantly greater burden of @entity101 , whereas @entity1 with an impaired RHI had a higher body mass index and were more likely to have @entity6 and be current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: RHI does not identify individuals with @entity301 assessed as impaired CFVR by @entity4341 stress echocardiography in @entity1 with no obstructive @entity453 . The two methods are likely to identify different aspects of vascular pathology, as indicated by the different association with cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Peripheral XXXX Index and  Coronary Microvascular Function in @entity1 With no Obstructive CAD: The iPOWER Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CMD', 'coronary microvascular dysfunction', 'coronary vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['Reactive Hyperemia']


abstract: There is a lack of clear biomechanical analyses to explain the interaction of the lateral and @entity85 in @entity2112 . A finite element model which represented an isolated ligamentous spine with realistic elastic properties and idealized geometry was used to analyse this interaction. Three variations of this model were used to investigate two different hypotheses about the etiology of @entity1635 and to define the forces required to produce a @entity85 . The first hypothesis is that coupling within a motion segment produces the interaction between lateral deviation and @entity717 . The second hypothesis is that posterior tethering by soft tissues in the growing spine produces the observed interaction. Modeling of both hypotheses failed to produce the clinically observed pattern of interaction. Therefore, to find which biomechanical forces were required to produce an idealized @entity1635 , prescribed displacements were applied to the model. Production of a double curve @entity1635 of 10 degrees Cobb angles required lateral forces on the order of 20 N acting 40 mm anterior to the vertebral body centers. There do not appear to be any anatomic structures capable of producing such forces. Therefore, it seems unlikely that @entity85 can be explained in terms of forces acting on the spine, and understanding of its origins may come from examination of other mechanisms such as asymmetric thoracic growth, or asymmetric vertebral development.

title: Analysis of the interaction between vertebral lateral deviation and XXXX in @entity1635 .

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['axial deformity of the spine', 'scoliosis deformity']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['axial rotation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of @entity1875 on the spinal cord apoptosis associated with aortic cross-clamping in @entity95 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity95 were randomly divided into sham operation group (A), @entity63 /reperfusion group (B) and @entity1875 group (C). In group B and C, the infrarenal aorta was clamped for 40 minutes followed by 7 days reperfusion. Ten minutes before clamping, group C was given @entity1875 5 mg/kg intravenously and continued at a rate of 20 mg x kg(-1)x h(-1) until unclamping. The aorta was not clamped in group A. The plasma concentrations of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) were determined at 10 minutes before clamping (C-10), before unclamping (C40), at 60 minutes (R60) and on the 7th day (R7 d) unclamping. Apoptotic spinal cord cells and expressions of @entity9471 , @entity9470 protein were measured by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: (1)The concentrations of @entity1865 after @entity63 and reperfusion in group B were increased significantly compared with C-10 and those in group A (P<0.05 or P<0.01), which in group C were significantly lower than those in group B (P<0.05), but not in group A. Changes in SOD activity were opposite to those in @entity1865 contents in various groups. (2)The expressions of @entity9471 protein in group B were significantly increased compared with those in group A (P<0.05), while the expression of @entity9470 protein decreased. In group C, @entity9471 protein expression was markedly lower than those in group B and higher than those in group A (P<0.01 and P<0.05), the expression of @entity9470 was higher than those in groups B and A (both P<0.01). (3)The number of apoptosis cells in group B was much higher than that in group A, which in group C was much lower than that in group B, but higher than that in group A. (4)The ratio of @entity912 in group C was significantly lower than that in group B with a high neurologic score (both P<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1875 can reduce the spinal cord apoptosis associated with aortic cross-clamping in @entity95 . The possible mechanism is related to the effect of decreasing @entity9471 expression, increasing @entity9470 expression, and enhancing antioxidation.

title: [Effect of @entity1875 on spinal cord apoptosis associated with aortic cross-clamping in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genital involvement has significant @entity458 for @entity1569 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to ascertain factors associated with the development of @entity790 and its impact on quality of life and sexual functioning. METHODS: This was an observational, multicenter study of 354 consecutive @entity1569 @entity1 . RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four @entity1 (38%) had current genital involvement while 224 (63%) had a current and/or previous history of genital involvement. Eighty-seven percent reported itch, 39% @entity158 , 42% @entity546 , 32% a worsening of their @entity790 after intercourse, and 43% a decreased frequency of intercourse. Younger age of onset of @entity1569 , male sex, more severe disease, and involvement of the scalp, flexures, and nails were associated with the presence of @entity790 . There was no association with circumcision or @entity28 . @entity1 with @entity790 had more impairment in quality of life and sexual health as determined by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (P < .0001), the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (P  = .01), and the Relationship and Sexuality Scale (P < .0001). LIMITATIONS: This was a descriptive study from 2 tertiary referral centers where @entity1 were likely to have more severe @entity1569 . CONCLUSION: This study highlights the high prevalence of @entity790 and its profound impact on quality of life and sexual health.

title: Genital XXXX is associated with significant impairment in quality of life and sexual functioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychosexual implications']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital psoriasis', 'genital disease']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a rare @entity5 , and little is known about the prognostic factors. The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between @entity5 's histological features and clinical behaviors and to analyze the survival of @entity1 with @entity2 . A total of 34 @entity1 with @entity2 from May 2001 to April 2013 were included in the investigation. The clinical data, radiological manifestation, pathological findings, treatment strategy, and prognoses of all @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. The @entity1 were classified into low-grade group (n = 25) and high-grade group (n = 9), based on histological grades. High-grade @entity2 was more common in @entity1 with elevated serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) (P = 0.033), advanced @entity5 -node- @entity3 (TNM) stage (P = 0.004) and @entity1600 (P < 0.001). The 5-year PFS and @entity3012 of all @entity1 were 75.7% and 83.6%, respectively. Age, pathological grade, @entity1600 and TNM stage were correlated with the survival of @entity2 @entity1 . Lymph node @entity3 was an independent predictor of @entity3012 (HR, 0.080; P = 0.029) and PFS (HR, 0.090; P = 0. 004). A higher @entity5 histological grade indicated a more @entity146 . @entity1 who had undergone complete resection for @entity2 without any @entity1600 were expected to be cured.

title: Prognostic factors of primary XXXX : a clinical and pathological analysis of 34 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma', 'PMEC']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECT: Intradural @entity145 are relatively uncommon pouches of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) found within the subarachnoid space. The authors present a series of eight symptomatic @entity1 in whom syrinx cavities were associated with @entity145 , and they discuss treatment strategies for this entity. METHODS: The population comprised eight @entity1 whose mean age was 50 years (range 35-81 years). All @entity1 experienced gait difficulty, and it was the chief complaint in seven; arm @entity158 was the primary complaint in one. No @entity1 had a history of spinal @entity130 , @entity693 , or previous spinal surgery at the level of the syrinx cavity or @entity145 . In each @entity1 imaging revealed a syrinx cavity affecting two to 10 vertebral levels. Posterior thoracic @entity145 were found in proximity to the syrinx cavity in each case. There was no evidence of cavity enhancement, @entity1645 , tethered cord, or @entity1276 . All @entity1 underwent thoracic laminectomy and resection of the @entity145 wall, and postoperative neurological improvement was documented in each case. The mean follow-up duration was 19 months (range 4-37 months). Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the disappearance of the @entity145 and a significant decrease in syrinx cavity size in each @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Spinal @entity145 can be associated with @entity1644 , likely due to alterations in normal CSF dynamics. In symptomatic @entity1 these cysts should be resected and the normal CSF flow restored. The results of the present series indicate that neurological improvement and reduction in syrinx cavity size can be achieved in @entity1 with @entity1644 associated with intradural @entity145 .

title: @entity1644 associated with intradural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts', 'arachnoid cyst']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cysts']


abstract: A total of 6 @entity1 with complex, traumatic wounds of the antecubital fossa and proximal forearm were included in this study. All @entity1 presented with @entity4542 in addition to their soft-tissue defect. Except for 1 @entity1 with a 15-cm defect of the radial nerve, all other traumatized nerves appeared in-continuity at the time of surgery. However, the @entity128 was severe enough to induce @entity6441 (i.e., axonotmesis in traumatized nerves in-continuity). Three @entity1 required brachial artery reconstruction with a reverse saphenous vein graft. Wound coverage was accomplished using a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap, which was covered with a split-thickness skin graft. Successful reconstruction was obtained in all @entity1 . Follow-up ranged from 2 to 6 years. The range of motion at the elbow and forearm was considered excellent in 5 @entity1 and good in the remaining @entity1 who had an @entity7334 . Motor recovery of traumatized nerves in-continuity was observed in all but 1 @entity1 who had persistent partial anterior @entity129 . The grip strength of the injured hand measured 70% to 85% of the contralateral uninjured hand. Median nerve sensory recovery was excellent in all @entity1 . The versatility of the pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap for coverage of these complex wounds with traumatized neurovascular bundles around the elbow is discussed.

title: Severe, traumatic soft-tissue loss in the antecubital fossa and proximal forearm associated with XXXX : nerve recovery after coverage with a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['interosseous nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular fracture']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial and/or median nerve palsies']

answer: @entity4542 :: (MESH:D020425,Disease) :: ['radial and/or median nerve palsy']


abstract: We have previously studied the transmitters involved in, and the @entity460 dependency of, the neurogenic response to continuous, regular nerve stimulation in small mesenteric arteries from the @entity35 . We have now studied responses to irregular nerve stimulation in these respects. Small mesenteric arteries from @entity35 were mounted into a myograph and the intramural sympathetic nerves were activated by field stimulation. Irregular nerve stimulation was patterned after recorded activity in @entity1 cutaneous nerves. The response to irregular stimulation was reduced by only approximately 50% in the presence of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity3159 . In particular, responses to low-frequency stimulation were resistant to @entity3159 . When the extracellular @entity460 concentration was reduced from 2.5 to 1.0 mM, approximately 50% of the response to irregular nerve stimulation remained. Responses to low-frequency stimulation were particularly reduced. Thus in these arteries the neurogenic response is caused by @entity1063 and a, perhaps purinergic, co-transmitter. The co-transmitter is important for the response to low-frequency stimulation and for the initial part of the contraction caused by high-frequency stimulation. Reducing the @entity460 concentration affects more strongly the response to low-frequency nerve stimulation.

title: Sympathetic transmission in small mesenteric arteries from the XXXX : influence of impulse pattern.

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 100 specimens of @entity1 with primary node-negative @entity0 were examined by flow cytometry. 64 @entity5 were shown to be diploid and 36 @entity5 were @entity2007 . The median was the cut-off level for @entity5 with low S-phase (< or = 10.9%) and high S-phase values (> 10.9%). @entity5 were associated with high S-phase fraction. The average length of follow-up was 42 months. In univariate analysis for disease-free survival, diploid @entity5 were shown to have a slightly better prognosis than @entity5 (p = 0.07). This trend could not be shown in multivariate analysis. The S-phase fraction proved to be an independent prognostic factor. @entity1 , whose @entity5 had S-phase fractions < or = 10.9%, had significantly longer disease-free survival in univariate (long-rank-test: p = 0.021), as well as in multivariate analysis according to the Cox regression model (p = 0.033). Since, as already stated, the S-phase fraction is an independent prognostic factor for node-negative @entity0 , further adjuvant therapy studies should take this factor into consideration.

title: [Flow cytometry detected S-phase fraction and ploidy as prognostic parameters in primary, node-negative XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Aneuploid tumours', 'tumours', 'aneuploid tumours']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Spinal mobilisations are a common form of treatment intervention applied by physiotherapists in clinical practice to manage @entity4512 . Previous research has demonstrated that mobilisations cause a hypoalgesic effect. However, there is very little research investigating the optimal treatment dose inducing this effect. AIM: To investigate the effect of the number of sets (up to 5) and different durations (30 vs. 60 s) on pressure @entity158 thresholds (PPTs) at different sites. METHODS: This single-blinded, randomised, same subject repeated measures crossover design included 19 asymptomatic healthy volunteers. The @entity1 received 5 sets of either 30 or 60 s of postero-anterior mobilisations to L4 on different days. PPTs were measured immediately before, between and after the intervention at 4 different standardised sites. RESULTS: A 4-way ANOVA analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between 30 versus 60 s of mobilisations. However, there was a tendency for @entity4757 values to be higher for the 60 s intervention. All @entity4757 measurements after the interventions were significantly higher than the baseline. Only the measurement after the 4th set of mobilisations was significantly higher than the measurement after the 1st set (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that in order to induce the greatest @entity2631 , at least 4 sets of mobilisations are required. The different durations of 30 versus 60 s of mobilisation may not change the extent of the hypoalgesic effect.

title: The effect of increasing sets (within one treatment session) and different set durations (between treatment sessions) of lumbar spine posteroanterior mobilisations on pressure XXXX thresholds.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain and/or dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local hypoalgesia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Avulsion of a digit has not always been an indication for replantation because of extensive @entity130 . The advent of microsurgery changed this, permitting avulsed digit replantations with varying rates of success. The aim of this study was to analyze surgical management of finger @entity155 @entity130 of an exclusively pediatric series. METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity1 with finger @entity155 @entity130 and compromised arterial circulation degloving or amputation, treated primarily in our institution between 1997 and 2007. Factors that could affect the outcome included demographic and clinical data, description of the lesion using Urbaniak's and Tamai's classification, technical data related to surgery, and results of revascularization were collected. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 with 23 digital @entity130 were identified as digital @entity155 with compromised vascularization. The mean age was 11 years and 8 months (range, 2 to 15 y). Four cases involved devascularization classified as Urbaniak 2 and the other 19 cases involved amputation or complete degloving, classified as Urbaniak 3. In 7 cases, replantation was not performed because of the extent of the lesions (all were classified as Urbaniak 3). The complete survival rate when revascularization or replantation was attempted was 25%. One case required a new procedure 6 days after the first surgery with a trans-P2 amputation. Injuries classified as Urbaniak 2 had an overall survival rate of 75% and @entity130 classified Urbaniak 3 had an overall survival rate of 5.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The global rate of survival after revascularization or replantation of avulsed fingers in @entity1 seemed to be poor. Urbaniak classification is an important prognostic factor with a good prognosis for lesions classified as Urbaniak 2 and a very poor prognosis for lesions classified as Urbaniak 3.

title: Digital @entity155 with compromised vascularization: study of 23 cases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsions', 'avulsion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Problem theory distinguishes between six general problems of everyday life, which @entity1 work through in turn during childhood, learning to switch between them. One of them requires the protection of a cut-out and an override. @entity1 who develop @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and apolipoprotein allele epsilon 4 carriers, are preoccupied with this problem, or readily switch back to it. It is the freedom problem, of raising hope or confidence of freedom or power to control. Here @entity1 try to raise hope of success with any task on which attention happens to rest. This indiscriminateness means that there is no basis for giving up on a task, or for avoiding dangerous environments. Thus the cut-out is needed when someone becomes stuck on a mental task and the override is needed so as to help in avoiding danger. Activity relevant to the freedom problem is confined to the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere operates the cut-out and override. In providing these two forms of protection the right hemisphere can be said to act as a backup. Accordingly EEG, metabolism, and @entity194 findings indicate that both cut-out and override are active in mild @entity73 , especially among @entity1 who later develop @entity195 . The pattern of @entity194 of @entity195 matches what would be expected from disuse caused by an overactive cut-out followed by an overactive override. A parallel loss of @entity251 might contribute to the weakening of resistance to infections leading to autoimmune effects.

title: The backup is active in XXXX : A hypothesis from problem theory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['clinical impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Isocapnic dry gas hyperventilation provokes hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in @entity840 by releasing tachykinins from airway sensory @entity7183 neurons. It is unknown whether dry gas hyperpnea directly stimulates C-fibers to release @entity4756 , or whether this physical stimulus initiates a mediator cascade that indirectly stimulates @entity7183 tachykinin release. We tested the hypotheses that @entity33 and/or hyperosmolarity--physical consequences of airway heat and water loss imposed by dry gas hyperpnea--can directly stimulate @entity7183 tachykinin release. Neurons isolated from neonatal @entity35 dorsal root ganglia were maintained in primary culture for 1 wk. Cells were then exposed for 30 min at 37 degrees C to graded concentrations of @entity1219 , @entity2656 , @entity969 , or @entity653 (0-600 mOsm) added to isotonic medium, or to isotonic medium at 25 degrees C without or with 462 mOsm @entity2656 added. Fractional release of substance @entity10133 ) was calculated from supernatant and intracellular SP contents following exposure. Hyperosmolar solutions containing excess @entity1219 , @entity2656 , or @entity969 all increased fractional SP release equivalently, in an osmolarity-dependent fashion. In marked contrast, @entity2332 had no effect on fractional SP release under @entity4372 . Thus, hyperosmolarity, but not @entity2332 , can directly stimulate @entity4756 release from cultured @entity35 sensory C-fibers. The lack of effect of @entity653 , a solute which quickly crosses cell membranes, suggests that neuronal volume change represents the physical stimulus transduced by C-fibers during hyperosmolar exposure.

title: XXXX , but not @entity2332 , elicits substance P release from @entity35 @entity7183 neurons in primary culture.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['isotonic or hypertonic conditions']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin', 'tachykinins']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['Hypertonicity']


abstract: Phage and biochemical types were determined of 34 937 @entity2491 cultures including 31 708 @entity1 strains, 2732 animal strains and 497 strains isolated from water. Phage type 4, not typable strains (nt) and phage type 2b were predominant among the strains of @entity1 and animal origin, and nt, 4 and 2b among the strains isolated from water. The most frequent phage types and the nt strains were subdivided by biotyping and additional phages. The incidence of @entity2491 . copenhagen strains was 12.4%, they belonged mainly to phage types 2b and nt. The number of @entity2491 isolates of @entity1 origin showed a 2-4 year periodical fluctuation between 1960 and 1981. A connection was found between the incidence of the predominant phage types (4, nt, 2b) and the periodical changes in the total number of isolates. Phage type 4, which predominated among the strains of @entity1 and animal origin till 1976, was ousted gradually by nt ones. In the period when the change in predominance was observed the number of epidemics decreased and the number of sporadic cases increased. The change in the frequency of phage types took place at the same time when the frequency of phage types changed among the strains isolated from @entity291 and meat-products (4----nt). The increased number of sporadic cases after 1976 refers to infections from @entity291 and not from poultry.

title: Epidemiological analysis of XXXX infections on the basis of laboratory methods. I. Distribution of phage types and biotypes of @entity2491 isolated in Hungary in the period 1960 to 1981.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhi-murium', 'S. typhi-murium var', 'S. typhi-murium']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhi-murium']


abstract: This study describes a methodology to calculated @entity10945 ( @entity2556 ) clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) with both the population parameters and one or two samples taken during the disposition and the elimination phase after a single intravenous infusion. The computer program P-PHARM was used, and a log-normal distribution and a heteroscedastic residual error distribution were assumed. Ninety-six @entity1 with and without @entity177 were available for analysis, and a two-compartment model was used for data modeling. Population parameters were evaluated for 70 @entity1 (mean number of observed concentration per individual, 6) by a three-step approach. In step 1, the computer program was used to estimate the average pharmacokinetic parameters without taking into account the demographic and/or biological factors. In step 2, the relationship between the posterior individual estimates and the covariables was investigated with multiple linear stepwise algorithm. In step 3, the population parameters were re-estimated considering the relationship with the covariables. From the regression performed in step 2, the following covariables were included: serum @entity1011 , body surface area, and body weight. The population averages of CL and V were 30.7 +/- 2.36 L/h and 10.6 +/- 1.29 L, respectively. To evaluate the predictive performance of the population parameters, the remaining 26 @entity1 were used. The population parameters combined with one or two individual @entity2556 plasma concentrations led to a bayesian estimation of individual CL and V. This estimation was compared with the classical procedure of parameter estimation (individual fitting from multiple blood samples).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bayesian estimation of XXXX clearance by a limited sampling strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10945 :: ('MESH:D010130', 'Chemical') :: ['p-aminohippurate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity10945 :: (MESH:D010130,Chemical) :: ['p-aminohippurate']


abstract: The high rate of @entity358 ( @entity421 ) presents a therapeutic challenge in the field of orthopedics. Therefore, there is a marked requirement to establish a spontaneous @entity358 animal model of @entity421 , within which potential antitumor agents may be evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth and @entity358 of @entity421 , as well as to identify potentially associated biomarkers of @entity421 @entity3 . In the present study, rodent @entity421 cells (UMR106-01) were injected into the right tibia of athymic @entity19 . The @entity19 were sacrificed weekly by cervical dislocation at one to five weeks following inoculation. The orthotopic @entity19 developed @entity5 masses in the right tibia one week following inoculation. At three weeks, multiple nodules were observed in the lungs. The expression of @entity181 and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) was analyzed in the @entity5 and lungs via immunohistochemistry. The positive expression of @entity181 and @entity1611 was identified in the local @entity5 and lung tissue of the orthotopic @entity19 , however was not observed in the tissues of the healthy control @entity19 . The orthotopic model established in the current study presents a valuable tool for the investigation of factors that promote or inhibit @entity421 growth and/or @entity3 . In addition, it was identified that @entity181 and @entity1611 may be significant in the lung @entity3 of @entity421 .

title: @entity181 and @entity1611 are associated with spontaneous XXXX : Development of an orthotopic @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis', 'pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent treatment advances have greatly improved the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1582 . However, some of these newer, more effective treatments are intensive and expensive and their use remains low, particularly among black @entity1 . METHODS: In the current study, the authors reviewed the use patterns of stem cell transplantation and @entity1749 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. RESULTS: After controlling for overall health and potential access barriers, black @entity1 were found to be 37% (P<.0001) less likely to undergo stem cell transplantation, and 21% (P<.0001) less likely to be treated with @entity1749 . Moreover, the authors found that the underuse of these treatments was associated with a 12% increase in the hazard ratio for @entity204 among black @entity1 (P   =   0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Eliminating health disparities, a current focus of US public policy, is highly complex, as illustrated by the results of the current study. In @entity1 with @entity1582 , treatment disparities are not completely explained by potential access barriers. Additional factors, such as structural barriers in the health care system and individual decision making among black and white @entity1 , must be explored to fully explain the disparity. @entity5 2017.    2017 American @entity5 Society.

title: Racial disparities in treatment use for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: AIMS: This study advances previously performed clinical studies of antifungal prophylaxis and prospectively evaluates the efficacy of low-dose @entity2379 preparations for the prevention of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in high-risk liver transplant (LT) recipients. METHODS: High-risk LT @entity1 were recruited and randomised to openly receive intravenously either conventional @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) at a dose of 15 mg daily, or liposomal @entity2379 ( @entity11015 isome) 50 mg daily. Prophylaxis was continued until discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU), until @entity1 @entity204 , or until time of conversion to high-dose amBisome for treatment of suspected or confirmed IFI. RESULTS: During the study period, 360 adult LTs were performed; 132 @entity1 were eligible for 149 recruitment episodes into the trial, and 83 @entity1 were recruited for 92 episodes. Of the 92, 48 @entity1 episodes were randomised to receive amBisome prophylaxis, and 44 to receive @entity11015 . IFI was uncommon, diagnosed for 3 @entity1 in the amBisome group, and for 2 in the @entity11015 group. Furthermore, Aspergillus was isolated on a single occasion during 92 episodes of prophylaxis. Fungal colonisation scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. There was a significant difference in the rates of survival to ICU discharge between the 2 groups (79.6% amBisome vs. 59.5% @entity11015 , P=0.038). Renal function measures including @entity1011 clearance at commencement and conclusion of prophylaxis, and at 12 months post transplant were not statistically different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity2379 , liposomal or non-liposomal preparations at low doses, for prophylaxis of IFI in high-risk LT @entity1 , is associated with a low incidence of serious @entity364 . In this randomised study, low-dose amBisome prophylaxis was associated with an increased likelihood of successful discharge from the ICU.

title: Low-dose XXXX for prevention of serious @entity364 following liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin']


abstract: @entity4148 , although common in @entity5011 , is considered rare in @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) and has not been systematically investigated in that disorder. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of @entity5433 and investigating the integrity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reflexes in @entity2646 . We studied 17 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity2646 and 20 healthy controls. Six quantitative autonomic function tests (AFTs) were used: Valsalva ratio, 30/15 ratio, and inspiration-expiration difference for parasympathetic function; and tilt test, handgrip test, and sympathetic skin response for sympathetic function. Eleven @entity1 had symptoms of @entity5433 . AFTs were abnormal in 13 @entity1 . Parasympathetic and sympathetic systems were affected with equal frequency. The tilt test was abnormal most frequently, followed by the 30/15 ratio. Three @entity1 developed @entity551 with @entity909 during the tilt test. Abnormality of AFTs did not correlate with the presence of dysautonomic symptoms; duration, severity, and clinical course of the disease; or with age or gender of @entity1 . Our study suggests a higher frequency of clinical and subclinical involvement of the ANS in @entity2646 than previously estimated. Dysautonomic symptoms are frequent but are mild. However, upon prolonged passive standing, autonomic failure can lead to @entity909 . The subclinical involvement of the ANS affects mainly the sympathetic vasomotor and parasympathetic cardiovascular fibers.

title: Clinical and subclinical XXXX in @entity2646 .

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['postural hypotension']

answer: @entity5433 :: (MESH:C563939,Disease) :: ['autonomic dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the presence of contamination, the repair of a @entity4037 ( @entity4037 ) is challenging. The presence of comorbidities poses an additional risk for postoperative wound events and @entity547 recurrence. To date, very few studies describe the outcomes of @entity4037 repair in this high-risk population. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, single-arm, the Repair of Infected or Contaminated @entity547 study was performed to study the clinical outcomes of open @entity4037 repair of contaminated abdominal defects with a non-cross-linked, porcine, acellular dermal matrix, Strattice. RESULTS: Of 85 @entity1 who consented to participate, 80 underwent open @entity4037 repair with Strattice. @entity154 were 'clean-contaminated' (n = 39), 'contaminated' (n = 39), or 'dirty' (n = 2), and the defects were classified as grade 3 (n = 60) or grade 4 (n = 20). The midline was restored, and primary closure was achieved in 64 @entity1 ; the defect was bridged in 16 @entity1 . At 24 months, 53 @entity1 (66%) experienced 95 wound events. There were 28 unique, infection-related events in 24 @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 experienced @entity2080 , all but 5 of which were transient and required no intervention. No unanticipated adverse events occurred, and no tissue matrix required complete excision. There were 22 @entity547 (28%) recurrences by month 24. There was no correlation between infection-related events and @entity547 recurrence. CONCLUSION: The use of the intact, non-cross-linked, porcine, acellular dermal matrix, Strattice, in the repair of contaminated @entity4037 in high-risk @entity1 allowed for successful, single-stage reconstruction in >70% of @entity1 followed for 24 months after repair.

title: Prospective study of single-stage repair of contaminated XXXX using a biologic porcine tissue matrix: the RICH Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia defects']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Hernias']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral incisional hernia', 'VIH']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']