abstract: An anti-Hebbian form of LTP is observed at excitatory synapses made with some hippocampal interneurons. LTP induction is facilitated when postsynaptic interneurons are hyperpolarized, presumably because @entity141 entry through @entity141 -permeable @entity3264 receptors is enhanced. The contribution of modulatory transmitters to anti-Hebbian LTP induction remains to be established. Activation of group I metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) is required for anti-Hebbian LTP induction in interneurons with cell bodies in the @entity1249 stratum oriens. This region receives a strong cholinergic innervation from the septum, and muscarinic @entity934 receptors (mAChRs) share some signaling pathways and cooperate with mGluRs in the control of neuronal excitability.We therefore examined possible interactions between group I mGluRs and mAChRs in anti-Hebbian LTP at synapses which excite oriens interneurons in @entity35 brain slices. We found that blockade of either group I mGluRs or M1 mAChRs prevented the induction of anti-Hebbian LTP by pairing presynaptic activity with postsynaptic hyperpolarization. Blocking either receptor also suppressed long-term effects of activation of the other G-protein coupled receptor on interneuron membrane potential. However, no crossed blockade was detected for mGluR or mAchR effects on interneuron after-burst potentials or on the frequency of miniature EPSPs. Paired recordings between pyramidal neurons and oriens interneurons were obtained to determine whether LTP could be induced without concurrent stimulation of cholinergic axons. Exogenous activation of mAChRs led to LTP, with changes in EPSP amplitude distributions consistent with a presynaptic locus of expression. LTP, however, required noninvasive presynaptic and postsynaptic recordings. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In the hippocampus, a form of @entity3391 receptor-independent long-term potentiation (LTP) occurs at excitatory synapses made on some inhibitory neurons. This is preferentially induced when postsynaptic interneurons are hyperpolarized, depends on @entity141 entry through @entity141 -permeable AMPA receptors, and has been labeled anti-Hebbian LTP. Here we show that this form of LTP also depends on activation of both group I mGluR and M1 mAChRs. We demonstrate that these G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact, because the blockade of one receptor suppresses long-term effects of activation of the other GPCR on both LTP and interneuron membrane potential. This LTP was also detected in paired recordings, although only when both presynaptic and postsynaptic recordings did not perturb the intracellular medium. Changes in EPSP amplitude distributions in dual recordings were consistent with a presynaptic locus of expression.

title: Induction of Anti-Hebbian LTP in @entity1249 Stratum Oriens Interneurons: Interactions between Group I Metabotropic XXXX Receptors and M1 Muscarinic Receptors.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the histopathological pattern in childhood @entity631 (CGN). METHODS: This retrospective analysis of renal biopsies of 118 @entity1 with various clinical syndromes of CGN was carried out at the National Institute of @entity1 Health (NICH) and The Kidney Center (TKC), Karachi, from July 2005 to December 2009. The age ranged from 6 months to 16 years. All biopsies were studied under light microscopy (LM) and immunoflourescence (IMF). @entity75 ( @entity75 ) were classified as primary and @entity8 . Demographic data, indications and @entity75 were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Out of 118 @entity1 , 62 (52.54%) were males and 56(47.45%) females. Mean age was 8.2 +/- 3.9 years. Major indications for biopsy were primary @entity1985 (PNS 86, 72.88%). secondary GN (SGN, 17, 14.4%) and @entity1985 (NNS 13, 11%). Overall, @entity8 ( @entity8 ) accounted for 84.74% of all biopsies. @entity1987 ( @entity2826 38, 32.2%) and @entity628 (FSGS 35, 29.66%) were the two most common lesions and accounted for 43% and 33.72% respectively in PNS. Other important lesions were membranous GN (MGN 10, 8.47%), membranoproliferative (MPGN 9, 7.16%), post-infective ( @entity5416 4, 3.38%) and @entity8 (IgMN 3, 2.54%). Among @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity1988 (LN 11, 9.32%) was the most common lesion followed by @entity5417 ( @entity5417 ) and @entity2142 ( @entity2142 ) each in 3 (2.52%). CONCLUSION: Overall, @entity2826 and FSGS were the two most common @entity75 in @entity8 and both dominated in PNS. @entity1988 was the leading lesion in @entity8 . These histopathological pattern of CGN in our study is in conformity with the existing literature from Pakistan.

title: Histopathological pattern in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['secondary glomerular diseases', 'PGD', 'SGD', 'primary glomerular diseases', 'IgM nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['Minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HPL', 'Histopathological lesions']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus nephritis', 'lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity5417 :: ('MESH:D011695', 'Disease') :: ['HSN', 'Henoch-Schonlein nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephritic-nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['HUS', 'haemolytic uraemic syndrome']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Members of the complex @entity1024 receptor (NMDAR) subfamily of ionotropic @entity2227 receptors (iGluRs) conventionally assemble from @entity6806 and NR2 subunits, the composition of which determines receptor properties. Hallmark features of conventional NMDARs include the requirement for a coagonist, voltage-dependent block by @entity1025 , and high permeability for @entity141 . Both @entity1025 sensitivity and @entity141 permeability are critically dependent on the @entity1522 at the N and N+1 positions of @entity6806 and NR2. The recently discovered @entity13069 subunits feature an unprecedented @entity2228 - @entity369 combination at those critical sites within the pore. Diheteromers assembled from @entity6806 and @entity13069 are not blocked by @entity1025 and are not permeable for @entity141 . RESULTS: Employing site-directed mutagenesis of receptor subunits, electrophysiological characterization of mutants in a heterologous expression system, and molecular modeling of the NMDAR pore region, we have investigated the contribution of the unusual @entity13069 N and N+1 site residues to the unique functional characteristics of receptors containing these subunits. Contrary to previous studies, we provide evidence that both the @entity13069 N and N+1 site @entity1522 are critically involved in mediating the unique pore properties. @entity141 permeability could be rescued by mutating the @entity13069 N site @entity2228 to the @entity6806 -like @entity2734 . Voltage-dependent @entity1025 block could be established by providing an @entity1025 coordination site at either the @entity13069 N or N+1 positions. Conversely, "conventional" receptors assembled from @entity6806 and NR2 could be made @entity1025 insensitive and @entity141 impermeable by equipping either subunit with the @entity13069 -like @entity2228 at their N positions, with a stronger contribution of the @entity6806 subunit. CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds light on the structure-function relationship of the least characterized member of the NMDAR subfamily. Contrary to previous reports, we provide evidence for a critical functional involvement of the @entity13069 N and N+1 site @entity1522 , and propose them to be the essential determinants for the unique pore properties mediated by this subunit.

title: Residues at the tip of the pore loop of NR3B-containing NMDA receptors determine @entity141 permeability and XXXX block.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1025 :: (CHEBI:18420,Chemical) :: ['Mg2+']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess the psychological, social well-being and general state of health in @entity1 with stage 1 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) (according to 1997 TNM), who underwent either elective nephron sparing surgery (NSS) or radical nephrectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in 88 @entity1 who underwent radical nephrectomy and in 56 treated with elective NSS. The measurement of the main QoL components has been made using domain-specific questionnaires tested and validated in Italian language. Each questionnaire has been self-administrated during follow-up (cross-sectional study). RESULTS: The two analysed group resulted perfectly comparable regarding age, gender, civil status, educational level, profession and mean follow-up. A low level @entity148 has been documented in 11.4% of @entity1 after radical nephrectomy and in 1.8% of those treated with an elective conservative surgery. The mean score difference between the two groups resulted statistically significant (p = 0.003). A mild @entity308 has been recorded in 7% of @entity1 who underwent radical nephrectomy and in 2.3% of NSS group. The mean score difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.01). The general health status was impaired in 12.5% of cases after radical nephrectomy and in 7% after elective NSS. Social problems were present in 18% of @entity1 who underwent radical nephrectomy and in 18% of NSS group. There was no significant difference between radical and conservative group in terms of both General health Questionnaire and Social Problem Questionnaire mean scores. CONCLUSION: HR-QoL in @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1358 is not particularly negatively affected. Nevertheless, the comparative analysis of the results showed that, at a long term follow-up, radical surgery seems to eventually cause a more relevant negative impact on the psychological well-being than conservative surgery.

title: Psycho-social well-being and general health status after surgical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Mature circulating endothelial cell (CEC) as well as endothelial progenitor populations may reflect the activity of anti-angiogenic agents on @entity5 or even constitute a target for anti-angiogenic therapy. We investigated the behavior of CECs in parallel with hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the blood of @entity1358 @entity1 during @entity2240 treatment. We analyzed the kinetics of a specific population of small @entity319 -expressing CECs ( @entity1195 (neg)/ @entity2280 (bright)), HPCs ( @entity1195 (dim)/ @entity2280 (bright)), and monocytes in the blood of 24 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity1 receiving 50 mg/day of the multitargeted @entity7 inhibitor @entity2240 , on a 4-week-on/2-week-off schedule. Blood was taken before treatment (C1D1), on C1D14, C1D28, and on C2D1 before the start of cycle 2. Also plasma @entity7 and @entity1307 (EPO) were determined. Remarkably, while @entity2280 (bright) HPCs and monocytes decreased during treatment, @entity2280 (bright) CECs increased from 69 cells/ml (C1D1) to 180 cells/ml (C1D14; P = 0.001) and remained high on C1D28. All cell populations recovered to near pre-treatment levels on C2D1. Plasma @entity7 and EPO levels were increased on C1D14 and partly normalized to pre-treatment levels on C2D1. In conclusion, opposite kinetics of two circulating @entity2280 (bright) cell populations, HPCs and small CECs, were observed in @entity2240 -treated @entity1358 @entity1 . The increase in CECs is likely caused by @entity2240 targeting of @entity5 vessels.

title: Increased numbers of small circulating endothelial cells in XXXX @entity1 treated with @entity2240 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor neovasculature', 'immature tumor']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The authors prospectively evaluated 40 @entity1 with @entity1635 treated from 1985 to 1990 with bilateral posterior segmental instrumentation, facet fusions, local bone graft, and allograft (mostly fresh frozen) bone supplementation only. OBJECTIVES: The authors report the fusion results for these @entity1 , and any complications referable to the use of bank bone. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Acceptable correction was obtained and maintained in the coronal and sagittal planes for all but two @entity1 (the third @entity1 with a @entity1516 had not lost correction). The definite @entity1516 rate was 7.5%. One @entity1 had a deep wound @entity281 . METHODS: The radiographs were graded as definitely solid, definitely a @entity1516 , or no instrumentation failure but difficult to visualize the whole fusion mass. The @entity1 selected for fusion without autogenous harvesting were especially frail and had reduced pulmonary and nutritional reserve. Follow-up ranged from 2 + 2 years to 7 + 6 years, with an average of 3 + 9 years. RESULTS: In the 40 surgical @entity1 , there were three known @entity1516 . In 28 @entity1 , there was a definite fusion. In the remaining nine @entity1 (five with flaccid disease, four with @entity508 ), the quality of their bone precluded definitive determination, but there was no obvious instrumentation failure or loss of correction. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that allograft bone graft is a suitable substitute for autogenous bone graft harvesting in select @entity1 with @entity912 in whom autogenous harvesting is not feasible.

title: Posterior spinal fusion supplemented with only allograft bone in XXXX . Does it work?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis', 'pseudarthroses']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['paralytic scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of pigtail catheter drainage for @entity1 with a first episode of @entity5229 ( @entity5229 ) and different associated conditions. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of @entity1 with @entity5229 who received pigtail catheter drainage as their initial management between July 2002 and October 2009. A total of 168 @entity1 were included in the analysis; 144 (86%) males and 24 (14%) females with a mean age of 60.3    18.3 years (range, 17-91 years). Data regarding demographic characteristics, pneumothorax size, complications, treatments, length of hospital stay, and associated conditions were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 118 (70%) @entity1 were successfully treated with pigtail catheter drainage, and 50 (30%) @entity1 required further management. @entity1030 was the most common underlying disease (57% of cases). @entity5229 associated with @entity166 had a higher rate of treatment failure than @entity5229 associated with obstructive lung conditions (19/38 [50%] successful vs 78/104 [75%] successful, P = .004) and @entity5 (19/38 [50%] successful vs 13/16 [81%] successful, P = .021). Moreover, @entity1 with @entity5229 associated with @entity166 had a longer length of hospital stay than those with obstructive lung conditions (23.8 vs 14.5 days, P = .003) and @entity5 (23.8 vs 12.1 days, P = .017). No complications were associated with pigtail catheter drainage. CONCLUSIONS: A higher rate of treatment failure was noted in @entity5229 @entity1 with @entity166 ; thus, pigtail catheter drainage is appropriate as an initial management for @entity1 with @entity13028 associated with obstructive lung conditions and @entity5 .

title: XXXX : which associated conditions benefit from pigtail catheter treatment?

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['SSP', 'Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax', 'secondary spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of a transitional care intervention delivered by advanced practice nurses (APNs) to elders hospitalized with @entity712 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial with follow-up through 52 weeks postindex hospital discharge. SETTING: Six Philadelphia academic and community hospitals. @entity1 : Two hundred thirty-nine eligible @entity1 were aged 65 and older and hospitalized with @entity712 . INTERVENTION: A 3-month @entity10793 -directed discharge planning and home follow-up protocol. MEASUREMENTS: Time to first rehospitalization or @entity204 , number of rehospitalizations, quality of life, functional status, costs, and satisfaction with care. RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 (control n=121; intervention n=118) enrolled was 76; 43% were male, and 36% were African American. Time to first readmission or @entity204 was longer in intervention @entity1 (log rank chi(2)=5.0, P=.026; Cox regression incidence density ratio=1.65, 95% confidence interval=1.13-2.40). At 52 weeks, intervention group @entity1 had fewer readmissions (104 vs 162, P=.047) and lower mean total costs ( 7,636 vs  12,481, P=.002). For intervention @entity1 , only short-term improvements were demonstrated in overall quality of life (12 weeks, P<.05), physical dimension of quality of life (2 weeks, P<.01; 12 weeks, P<.05) and @entity1 satisfaction (assessed at 2 and 6 weeks, P<.001). CONCLUSION: A comprehensive transitional care intervention for elders hospitalized with @entity712 increased the length of time between hospital discharge and readmission or @entity204 , reduced total number of rehospitalizations, and decreased healthcare costs, thus demonstrating great promise for improving clinical and economic outcomes.

title: Transitional care of older adults hospitalized with XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity6 Prevention Program (DPP) showed that intensive lifestyle intervention reduced the risk of @entity6 by 58%. This paper examines demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors related to achieving @entity353 and physical activity goals in the DPP lifestyle @entity1 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Lifestyle @entity1 (n = 1079; mean age = 50.6, BMI = 33.9, 68% female, and 46% from minority groups) had goals of 7% @entity353 and 150 min/wk of physical activity. Goal achievement was assessed at the end of the 16-session core curriculum (approximately week 24) and the final intervention visit (mean = 3.2 years) as a function of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables. RESULTS: Forty-nine percent met the @entity353 goal and 74% met the activity goal initially, while 37% and 67%, respectively, met these goals long-term. @entity1 and those with lower initial BMI were more likely to meet activity but not @entity353 goals. Hispanic, Asian, and Native Americans were more likely to meet the long-term activity goals, and whites were more likely to meet the initial @entity353 goal. In multivariate analyses, meeting the long-term @entity353 goal and both activity goals increased with age, while psychosocial and @entity308 measures were unrelated to goal achievement. Dietary self-monitoring was positively related to meeting both @entity353 and activity goals, and meeting the activity goal was positively related to meeting the @entity353 goal. @entity1 who met initial goals were 1.5 to 3.0 times more likely to meet these goals long-term. DISCUSSION: Success at meeting the @entity353 and activity goals increased with age. Initial success predicted long-term success. Self-monitoring and meeting activity goals were related to achieving and sustaining @entity353 .

title: Achieving weight and activity goals among XXXX prevention program lifestyle @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Men', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In 24 @entity1 with @entity337 undergoing aortic valve replacement, a clinical and hemodynamic study was performed pre-operatively. Left ventricular biopsies were obtained perioperatively for morphometric study. No significant relations were found when morphometric data were compared to functional class, cardiothoracic radio and ECG findings. The percentage of @entity82 was not correlated with any of the measured hemodynamic parameters. Myocardial cell diameter was weakly correlated with @entity1002 . A decrease in the percentage of contractile material was strongly correlated with an impaired left ventricular function, assessed pre-operatively. During clinical follow-up, @entity1 were divided into two groups: Group A (17 @entity1 ) included @entity1 who were in class I or II of NYHA after surgery. Group B (seven @entity1 ) included @entity1 who died or were in functional class III or IV. As compared with Group A, Group B @entity1 had a significantly lower ejection fraction; their myocardial cell diameter was larger and the percentage of myofibrils, and the content of contractile material were significantly lower. This suggests that, in @entity337 , left @entity67 is correlated with contractile material loss and not with @entity82 , and that morphometric changes are good predictors of follow-up after surgery.

title: Relationship of myocardial morphometry in XXXX to myocardial function and post-operative results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation', 'aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic function parameters']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic valve regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II multicentric trial of @entity1311 and @entity900 was conducted in previously untreated @entity1 , with locally advanced @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the bladder, to assess its @entity137 and efficiency in preserving the bladder. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1606 of the bladder (seven with T3a, 27 with T3b, and eight with T4a) were treated with @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) over 3 h, and @entity900 75 mg/m(2) over 30 min, on the first day of each 21-day treatment cycle. Therapy was continued for three cycles. @entity1 were re-evaluated and scheduled for radiotheraphy or radical surgery depending on tumoral response. Tumoral response was measured by citology, computed tomographical scans, and deep randomized biopsies of the bladder. RESULTS: Thirty-two out of 42 @entity1 (76%; 95% confidence interval 45-93%) showed a major response (22 complete, and 10 partial). Response times ranged from 18 to 54 months. Three @entity1 with T4 bladder primary @entity5 experienced a pathological CR. At a median follow-up of three years, 20 @entity1 remain free of disease (47.6%), six @entity1 are alive with disease (14.3%), 12 @entity1 died of disease (28.5%), and four others died of unrelated causes (9.5%). @entity1503 included @entity417 , @entity882 , and @entity1398 . No grade four @entity1398 was observed. Non-hematological @entity137 included @entity1665 (93.2%), @entity294 (11.4%), @entity391 (18.5%) mucosytis (4.6%), and @entity16 (4.6%). Drug omissions or dose delay for adverse events were only necessary in one @entity1 (2.2%), and three @entity1 (6.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 and @entity900 is an active and well-tolerated neo-adjuvant regimen for previously untreated @entity1 with pure @entity1606 of the bladder, achieving a vesical preservation rate of 52%.

title: Neo-adjuvant treatment of infiltrating XXXX of the bladder with @entity1311 and @entity900 : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional-cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional-cell carcinoma']


abstract: In this study the combined effect of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity5003 ( @entity5003 ) on the proliferation of concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated @entity19 spleen lymphocytes was studied. @entity5003 in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 U/ml consistently and significantly enhanced Con A activity. However, to be effective, @entity5003 needed to be added at the time of initiation of the culture. If added 24 h later, @entity5003 failed to enhance the proliferative response. @entity1421 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/ml effectively inhibited or antagonized this enhancing effect of @entity5003 , with the majority of this @entity5003 augmentation abrogated by 5.0 ng/ml @entity1421 . Unlike @entity5003 , @entity1421 was as effective if added 24 h after initiation of the culture as if added simultaneously with @entity5003 . @entity1421 was also found to markedly suppress the enhanced production of @entity2047 resulting from the addition of @entity5003 to Con A stimulated lymphocytes, however, the amount of @entity2047 produced in the cultures containing both @entity5003 and @entity1421 was always greater than that produced in the cultures which contained only @entity1421 . This finding indicates that @entity5003 could partially reverse or antagonize the suppressive effect of @entity1421 on @entity2047 production. In addition, @entity1421 at concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 ng/ml was also found to inhibit the proliferation of @entity2047 stimulated cultured T lymphocytes, but by only about 15-20%. The addition of @entity5003 to these cultured T cells neither altered the response of the culture T cells to @entity2047 nor altered the sensitivity of these cells to @entity1421 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The combined effect of XXXX and interleukin 1 on @entity2047 production and lymphocyte proliferation.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: Chromatin boundaries facilitate independent gene regulation by insulating genes from the effects of enhancers or organized chromatin. However, the mechanisms of boundary action are not well understood. To investigate whether boundary function depends on a higher order of chromatin organization, we examined the function of several @entity238 insulators in cells with reduced chromatin-remodeling activities. We found that knockdown of @entity17804 and @entity17805 , key components of the @entity17804 ( @entity17804 ), synergistically disrupted the enhancer-blocking function of @entity17806 and @entity17807 and augmented the function of @entity4533 . Mutations in @entity17804 /Ebx and @entity17805 also affected the function of these boundaries in vivo. We further show that @entity17805 was localized on the endogenous @entity17806 and @entity4533 insulators and that @entity17804 knockdown resulted in a marked increase in the nucleosome occupancy at these insulator sites. In contrast to the effect of @entity17804 knockdown, reduction in @entity17808 , the @entity13988 component of the @entity238 nucleosome-remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) complex, augmented @entity17806 and suppressed @entity4533 . Our results provide the first evidence that higher-order chromatin organization influences the enhancer-blocking activity of chromatin boundaries. In particular, the @entity17804 and NuRD nucleosome-remodeling complexes may regulate @entity17809 expression by modulating the function of boundaries in these complexes. The unique responses by different classes of boundaries to changes in the chromatin environment may be indicative of their distinct mechanisms of action, which may influence their placement in the genome and selection during evolution.

title: Modulation of chromatin boundary activities by nucleosome-remodeling activities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17804 :: ('44811(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['Nurf301', 'nucleosome-remodeling factor', 'NURF301', 'NURF']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: @entity519 preconditioning in the brain ( @entity4306 ), a phenomenon whereby noninjurious @entity519 induces resistance to cell @entity204 following @entity63 , requires the expression of specific genes. Declines in signal transduction pathway activity with aging may decrease the genomic response to @entity4306 and limit its neuroprotective efficacy. To test this, we determined how signal transduction gene expression, intracellular @entity141 levels, and phosphorylation of the survival-associated kinase @entity2308 differ in hippocampal slice cultures (HSCs) made from postnatal day 7-10 (P7-10) and 2-year-old @entity35 following @entity4306 . @entity4306 neuroprotection decreased with increasing source animal age, and @entity4306 could not be demonstrated in HCSs made from animals >6 months of age, despite adjusting the duration of @entity519 exposure. Preconditioning protection required the survival kinase @entity2308 in P10 hippocampal slices cultures. In P9 cultures, @entity4306 increased @entity2308 phosphorylation and the expression of prosurvival genes, including @entity1976 , @entity1457 proteins, protein kinases, c-jun, and @entity14185 . Lack of increased @entity2308 phosphorylation and a greatly diminished signaling pathway gene response were found in HSCs from aging animals. Moderate and transient increases in [ @entity141 ](i) during @entity4306 occurred in P7-10 HSCs, but [ @entity141 ](i) was persistently increased at 1 and 24 hr after preconditioning in HSCs from 2-year-old @entity35 . The intracellular @entity141 chelator @entity11008 facilitated @entity4306 neuroprotection in 2-year-old HSCs and restored the pattern of post- @entity4306 gene expression seen in immature animals. We conclude that age-related loss of preconditioning may be due to altered intracellular @entity141 homeostasis (excess and sustained increase in [ @entity141 ](i) ) and is a lesion that prevents critical elements of neuroprotective signal transduction.

title: XXXX preconditioning failure in aging hippocampal neurons: impaired gene expression and rescue with intracellular calcium chelation.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxic']


abstract: @entity7860 ( @entity7860 ) antigens, protein components reactive with @entity1 autoantibodies against @entity631 ( @entity631 ), were identified in @entity1 @entity133 membrane (ABM) using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. All six anti- @entity631 antisera studied, three obtained from @entity1 with @entity631 and @entity548 (i.e. @entity7860 ), and three from @entity1 with @entity631 alone, distinctively reacted with collagenase-digested (CD) ABM. Very cationic 22-28 kD and 40-48 kD components were detected by blot analysis combined with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These proteins showed some similarities to @entity7860 antigens in @entity1 @entity631 with respect to the monomer-dimer composition and charge distribution. Inhibition ELISA revealed that the binding of anti- @entity631 antisera to CDGBM decreased when they were pre-incubated with CDABM, suggesting that the anti- @entity631 antisera recognized the same epitope(s) on the @entity631 and ABM. Heterogeneity of the @entity7860 antigens in @entity1 ABM was demonstrated by blotting; monomeric antigens were absent or at low levels in the CDABM of three out of 10 normal individuals. In immunoprecipitation, anti- @entity631 antisera from @entity1 with and without @entity548 showed different reactivities with CDABM. The former antisera precipitated both monomeric and dimeric components, but the latter did not. The observations of variation in monomer-dimer composition of ABM, and the different binding of anti- @entity631 antisera to it may explain why only some patients with anti- @entity631 @entity1310 have lung involvement.

title: Identification of XXXX antigens in @entity1 @entity133 membrane.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary haemorrhages', 'pulmonary haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar basement']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['GP', 'Goodpasture', 'GP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'glomerulonephritis', 'GBM']

answer: @entity7860 :: (MESH:D019867,Disease) :: ['Goodpasture']


abstract: Fifty-two @entity1 with malignant @entity2741 were treated with a single dose of @entity5279 ( @entity5279 , previously APD), a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In order to establish a dose-response in @entity1 , @entity1 were divided into four groups receiving 30 mg, 45 mg, 60 mg, or 90 mg, respectively, as a 24-hour infusion. Initial plasma @entity460 was similar in all groups, except in the group receiving 90 mg, of which some @entity1 had higher initial values. All @entity1 responded to @entity5279 with a rapid decrease of plasma @entity460 concentration from 3.47 +/- 0.10 mmol/L at day 0 to 2.43 +/- 0.06 at day 6 (P less than .001). Plasma @entity460 became normal within four to six days in 43 @entity1 . Eight of the nine @entity1 whose @entity460 did not become normal were in the low-dose (30 and 45 mg of @entity5279 ) groups. Slight and asymptomatic @entity3747 occurred in only tow of the 26 @entity1 in the low-dose groups, but in six of the 26 @entity1 in the high-dose groups. A follow-up study in 40 @entity1 showed that @entity2741 recurred within 1 month in five of ten @entity1 in the group receiving 30 mg, in three of ten @entity1 in the group receiving 45 mg, and in one of 20 @entity1 in the groups receiving 60 and 90 mg, whereas mortality was almost identical in all four groups. In all groups, plasma @entity1391 , plasma @entity1011 , urinary @entity460 , and @entity720 excretion decreased significantly. In conclusion, when administered as a single-day infusion in the treatment of @entity5 , @entity5279 leads to a dose-dependent decrease in plasma @entity460 . To prevent transient @entity3747 and early relapse, the optimal dose should be adapted to the degree of severity of @entity2741 .

title: Dose-response in the treatment of @entity2741 of @entity5 by a single infusion of the bisphosphonate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['AHPrBP', '3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1- bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5279 :: (MESH:C019248,Chemical) :: ['AHPrBP']


abstract: The effect of essential oils, @entity4744 , @entity4745 and @entity4746 , on erythrocytes, hepatocytes, @entity4747 ( @entity4748 )-liposomes and surface tension were studied at various concentrations. Maximal inhibition of @entity4744 , @entity4745 and @entity4746 on the @entity2142 in @entity35 erythrocytes were observed at a concentration of 2 mM, 1 mM and 1 mM, respectively. @entity4744 at 4 mM and @entity4745 at 2 mM caused an acceleration of @entity2142 . In isolated @entity35 hepatocytes, @entity4745 caused an increase in GOT leakage, but @entity4744 at 4 mM and @entity4746 at 0.1 and 0.4 mM inhibited the GOT leakage. The leakage of @entity4749 from hepatocytes was inhibited by @entity4744 at 0.1 mM and 0.4 to 4 mM and @entity4746 at 0.1 to 0.6 mM. The inhibition of @entity4744 and @entity4746 on the LDH leakage in hepatocytes were observed at a concentration of 0.001 to 4 mM and 0.1, 0.4 and 0.6 mM, respectively. @entity4745 caused no change in @entity4749 and LDH leakage. @entity4744 , @entity4745 and @entity4746 indicated a @entity308 of surface tension at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The rank by order of surface activity was @entity4744 greater than @entity4745 . @entity4744 , @entity4745 and @entity4746 depressed the phase-transition temperature of @entity4748 -liposomes. The @entity308 of phase-transition temperature by @entity4745 was greater than that by @entity4744 and @entity4746 . These results suggest the periapical tissue damage produced by essential oils may be related to membrane lysis and surface activity and that their tissue penetration may be related to membrane affinity and lipid solubility.

title: Effects of essential oils on erythrocytes and hepatocytes from XXXX and @entity4747 -liposomes.

entities_list: @entity4744 :: ('MESH:D005054', 'Chemical') :: ['eugenol', 'Eugenol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4745 :: ('MESH:D013943', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymol', 'thymol']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is a significant health problem whose incidence and prevalence is rising. It calls into attention consensus about diagnosing, assessing symptoms and treatment of @entity1 with @entity102 . Therefore, a validated Danish measure of health-related quality of life in sinonasal disease is needed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) was translated into Danish and its reproducibility was evaluated by test-retesting 40 @entity1 with @entity102 . The statistical analyses used were Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, kappa and Bland-Altman's plot. Reproducibility was also tested for SNOT-22 subscales. RESULTS: The results show good internal correlation with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 in the initial test and one of 0.92 in the retest. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.70 (p < 0.001), revealing good correlation between the initial scores and the retests scores. Kappa was calculated for each item with a mean value of 0.61 showing substantial agreement. The paired t-test revealed no significant difference between the subscales. CONCLUSION: The Danish version of SNOT-22 is recommended for Danish clinicians and researchers as a @entity1 -reported measure of outcome in @entity74 such as rhinosinusitis and @entity1412 .

title: The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 validated for Danish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal disorders']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 39 year old male, chronic alcoholic for 12 years, presented with recurrent @entity490 for last 3 years. He was admitted in our hospital with history of breathlessness, @entity662 and @entity490 for last 20 days. On investigation he had raised total leukocyte count with elevated serum amylase and lipase. Chest radiograph showed mediastinal widening and ultrasound of abdomen revealed @entity1689 with @entity9007 . CT scan revealed extensive phlegmonous collections with cyst formation in the mediastinum which extended from the level of thoracic inlet to below the level of the diaphragm. There were in addition multiple pancreatic and lesser sac pseudocysts. @entity1 was stable and was hence closely observed on conservative treatment with complete abstinence from @entity167 . We performed no surgical, endoscopic or radiological interventions. A repeat CT performed after 14 weeks showed almost complete resolution of the mediastinal pseudocyst. Overall adequate conservative management and timely imaging follow-up before planning any intervention helped us to see that there can be spontaneous resolution of mediastinal pseudocysts.

title: @entity9007 in XXXX with spontaneous resolution.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['peripancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify pathways connecting lifecourse @entity159 ( @entity159 ) with chronic, low-grade @entity32 , focusing on the explanatory roles of self-control, abdominal @entity1386 , and health practices. METHODS: @entity1 were 360 adults aged 15-55 who were free of chronic medical conditions. They were roughly equally divided between low and high current @entity159 , with each group further divided between low and high early-life @entity159 . @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) was used to identify direct and indirect pathways linking early-life and current @entity159 with low-grade, @entity32 in adulthood, as manifest by serum @entity650 and @entity1851 . Low @entity159 was hypothesized to relate to @entity32 by reducing self-control, which in turn was hypothesized to facilitate lifestyle factors that potentiate @entity32 (smoking, @entity285 use, sedentary behavior, and @entity1017 ). RESULTS: Analyses revealed that self-control was pivotal in linking both early-life and current @entity159 to @entity32 . Low early-life @entity159 was related to a harsher family climate, and in turn lower adult self-control, over and above the effects of current @entity159 . Controlling for early-life @entity159 , low current @entity159 was associated with perceived stress and, in turn, diminished self-control. Results showed that lower self-control primarily operated through higher abdominal @entity1386 to associate with greater @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest a mechanistic scenario wherein low @entity159 in early life or adulthood depletes self-control and, in turn, fosters @entity1386 and @entity32 . These pathways should be studied longitudinally to elucidate and potentially ameliorate socioeconomic disparities in health. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Modeling the association between lifecourse socioeconomic disadvantage and systemic XXXX in healthy adults: The role of self-control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'Structural equation modeling']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1187 and @entity583 are often initiated by platelet activation. Eptifibatide is a cyclic heptapeptide and is the third inhibitor of glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa that has found broad acceptance after the specific antibody abciximab and the nonpeptide @entity6541 entered the global market. @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors act by inhibiting the final common pathway of @entity1423 , and play an important role in the management of @entity1187 . AIMS: This review assesses the evidence for therapeutic value of eptifibatide as a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor in @entity1 with @entity1187 . EVIDENCE REVIEW: Several large, randomized controlled trials show that eptifibatide as adjunctive therapy to standard care in @entity1 with non-ST segment elevation @entity1187 is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity204 or @entity583 . Data are limited regarding the use of eptifibatide in @entity1 with @entity583 . Cost-effectiveness analysis indicates that eptifibatide is associated with a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio relative to standard care. According to US cost-effectiveness analysis about 70% of the acquisition costs of eptifibatide are offset by the reduced medical resource consumption during the first year. Eptifibatide was well tolerated in most of the trials. Bleeding is the most commonly reported adverse event, with most major @entity548 episodes occurring at the vascular access site. Major @entity510 , @entity64 , or profound @entity882 rarely occurred during eptifibatide treatment. PLACE IN THERAPY: Eptifibatide has gained widespread acceptance as an adjunct to standard anticoagulation therapy in @entity1 with @entity1187 , and may be particularly useful in the management of @entity1 with elevated troponin or undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.

title: Eptifibatide: The evidence for its role in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes', 'Acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeds']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6541 :: ('CHEBI:9605', 'Chemical') :: ['tirofiban']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'non-Q-wave myocardial infarction', 'ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy of surgery on the postoperative control of @entity302 in @entity1 operated for @entity1313 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 operated for supratentoriel @entity5 with @entity302 , at @entity1052 ( @entity1052 ) hospital center, between 1983 and 2005, were included in this study. Clinical, paraclinical and surgical information were collected. The extent of the @entity5 resection was based on the postoperative MRI results. RESULTS: The mean duration of the follow-up was 52 +/- 6 months (from 6 months to 10 years). 62.5% of our @entity1 have had acute @entity410 (< 1 year) and 37% had experienced chronic @entity410 (> or = 1 year). The histopathologic exam revealed 2 DNET, 3 @entity816 , 2 diffuse @entity816 , 6 A @entity3271 , 7 B @entity3271 , 7 anaplastic @entity816 and @entity463 and 13 @entity1653 . Twenty-two @entity1 had a complete resection, whereas the postoperative MRI of 18 @entity1 have shown a tumoral remnant. After one year of follow-up, a complete remission was noted in 57.5% of the @entity1 (Engel I). The prognostic factors of good outcome were: low-grade @entity5 (I +/- II), @entity1653 , and complete @entity5 resection. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of surgery for @entity302 associated to @entity5 , established by the majority of articles, matched the results obtained for the @entity1 operated at @entity1052 , with complete @entity410 control in 57.5% of @entity1 . This control depended essentially on the extent of @entity5 resection and on @entity5 's nature.

title: [ XXXX and @entity302 : postoperative evaluation of surgical procedures].

entities_list: @entity1052 :: ('MESH:D005862', 'Disease') :: ['Hotel-Dieu de France', 'HDF']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'tumor', 'cerebral tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The frequency of complications in @entity1 with @entity2072 -associated @entity583 is unknown. This study was performed to determine the short-term morbidity and mortality secondary to @entity2072 -associated @entity583 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study at 29 hospital centers throughout the United States. @entity1 with @entity2072 -associated @entity583 that occurred between 1987 and 1993 were identified through record review. The primary outcome measures were in-hospital mortality and the incidence and timing of major @entity65 . RESULTS: @entity2072 -associated @entity583 was identified 136 times in 130 @entity1 . @entity1 were generally young (mean age, 38 years), nonwhite (72%), @entity286 smokers (91%) with a history of @entity2072 use in the past 24 hours (88%). The initial electrocardiogram disclosed @entity1188 in 44% and @entity63 in an additional 18% of @entity1 . @entity583 were evenly distributed between anterior (45%) and inferior (44%) and were most often non-Q-wave (61%). Complications occurred 64 times in 49 @entity1 (36%; 95% confidence interval, 28% to 44%), including @entity712 in nine @entity1 , @entity1165 in 23 @entity1 , @entity4710 in six @entity1 , and brady- @entity943 in 26 @entity1 . Most @entity1 who had complications (90%) had them within 12 hours of presentation. Acute in-hospital mortality was 0% (95% confidence interval, 0% to 2%). CONCLUSIONS: The mortality of @entity1 hospitalized with @entity2072 -associated @entity583 was low. The majority of complications occurred within 12 hours of presentation.

title: @entity2072 -associated @entity583 . Mortality and complications. @entity2072 -Associated XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: @entity158 and secretion of purulent materials are symptoms that are often associated with the @entity2869 . Generally, these symptoms are neglected by @entity1 for a long time. @entity1 seek medical attention too late, fearing a prolonged period of @entity158 and inability after surgery. The optimal therapy for @entity2869 should have the following characteristics: high healing rate, low recurrence rate, minimal @entity282 and low cost. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness and safety of a new minimally invasive treatment: the scarless outpatient ablation of @entity2869 (SOAP). A total of 31 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled; 27 of 31 @entity1 were declared healed after the surgery (87  09%). After 1   year, only 4 of 27 @entity1 (14  81%) reported symptoms related to recurrence of the disease. The average duration of the operation was 7  47   minutes. @entity1 reported the disappearance of @entity2531 after approximately 2  62   days and had been away from work for 0  53   days. No complications were recorded during the period of study. The advantages of the procedure examined in this study are its simplicity and rapidity of execution, its outpatient setting, its low cost and lack of complications. In our opinion, a randomised controlled trial should be conducted to validate the results related to this technique.

title: Scarless outpatient ablation of XXXX : a pilot study of a new minimally invasive treatment.

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the longitudinal impact of @entity8721 (MacTel) type 2 on vision-specific quality of life (QoL). METHODS: @entity1 with MacTel type 2 and controls with no vision impairment were recruited at baseline. All underwent a full ophthalmic examination and the interview-administered 28-item Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire at baseline, to gather information on sociodemographic factors and vision-specific QoL. The MacTel @entity1 were reassessed at 24 months. RESULTS: For the MacTel @entity1 (n = 22), the median (range) age and visual acuity were 64 years (45-87) and 20/32 (20/13-20/63) in the better eye, respectively. The corresponding median values in the control group (n = 38) were 57 years (41-68) and 20/25 or better in both eyes, respectively. Rasch analysis showed that the IVI and its three subscales had sufficient psychometric validity and possessed interval level estimates. The control group had almost twice the level of vision-specific QoL than did the MacTel group at baseline on all IVI scores (P < 0.001 for all). At 24 months, we found no significant change in any of the IVI scores in the MacTel group. Similarly, there was no significant difference in visual acuity in the @entity735 in that group after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with MacTel type 2 had poorer overall vision-related QoL than did healthy controls. Several aspects of vision-related QoL and distance visual acuity did not significantly change after 24 months. Longer follow-up assessment periods are needed to determine the longitudinal impact of this condition on vision-related QoL.

title: The longitudinal impact of macular XXXX (MacTel) type 2 on vision-related quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['better or worse eyes']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic macular telangiectasia']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['telangiectasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Reduced food intake, @entity1277 and alteration of ghrelin and PYY(3-36) secretion have been suggested to have a function in the loss of body weight commonly observed after gastrectomy. The objective of this study was to investigate the circulating concentrations of ghrelin and PYY(3-36) and their relationships with food intake, appetite and resting energy expenditure (REE) after gastrectomy plus vagotomy. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Seven @entity1 with @entity348 ( @entity348 ), 14 with partial gastrectomy (PG) and 10 healthy controls were studied. Habitual food intake and REE was assessed; fasting and postprandial plasma total ghrelin, PYY(3-36) concentrations and appetite ratings were determined after ingestion of a liquid test meal. RESULTS: Differently from PG and controls, fasting ghrelin correlated with REE, and a higher energy intake was observed in the @entity348 group. Fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations were lower in @entity348 compared with controls, and no ghrelin response to the meal was observed in either PG or @entity348 . Fasting plasma PYY(3-36) concentrations were not different among the groups. There was an early and exaggerated postprandial rise in PYY(3-36) levels in both PG and @entity348 groups, but not in controls. No effect of ghrelin or PYY(3-36) concentrations was observed on hunger, prospective consumption or fullness ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Total ghrelin and PYY(3-36) do not seem to be involved with appetite or energy intake regulation after gastrectomy plus vagotomy. Ghrelin secreted by sources other than stomach is likely to have a function in the long-term regulation of body weight after @entity348 .

title: Ghrelin and PYY(3-36) in gastrectomized and vagotomized XXXX : relations with appetite, energy intake and resting energy expenditure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'total gastrectomy']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of implanting a secondary intraocular lens (IOL) in the ciliary sulcus to correct pseudophakic @entity2516 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. METHODS: This prospective nonrandomized study included @entity1 who had implantation of a secondary IOL (Sulcoflex 653L) to correct residual @entity2516 after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in the capsular bag. After implantation of the secondary IOL in the ciliary sulcus, visual and refractive outcomes were evaluated. @entity32 was measured with a laser flare-cell meter. The position and rotation of the IOLs were documented at all control visits, and Scheimpflug images were taken. Postoperative follow-up was at 1 week and 1, 6, 12, and 17 months. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 10 @entity1 were evaluated. The mean spherical equivalent decreased from -1.25 diopters (D) +/- 0.25 (SD) (range -2.00 to +4.00 D) preoperatively to -0.25 +/- 0.40 D (range -0.50 to +0.25 D) postoperatively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity improved in all cases. There were no significant @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: Sulcus implantation of the secondary IOL to correct pseudophakic @entity2516 was safe and predictable. The IOL was well tolerated in all eyes. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosures are found in the footnotes.

title: New supplementary intraocular lens for refractive enhancement in pseudophakic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['ametropia', 'refractive error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An African-American @entity1 , aged 34 years, underwent an elective uncomplicated right wrist laceration repair while under general anesthesia. Following extubation, the @entity1 developed @entity519 , @entity7405 , @entity1353 , pulmonary rales, frothy sputum, decreased @entity26 saturation, and evidence of @entity1224 . Chest radiograph showed @entity3126 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with post-extubation @entity3126 (aka. negative pressure @entity3126 [NPPE]) and was treated with intravenous @entity1483 and @entity26 therapy; he improved remarkably within a few hours. Once stabilized, the @entity1 described a similar episode 10 years earlier following surgery for multiple gunshot wounds. Negative pressure @entity3126 following tracheal extubation is an uncommon (0.1%) and life-threatening complication of @entity1 undergoing endotracheal intubation and general anesthesia for surgical procedures. The common pattern in these cases is the occurrence of an episode of @entity1224 upon emergence from general anesthesia, usually caused by @entity8822 . @entity1 who are predisposed to @entity1224 may have an increased risk of airway complications upon extubation after general anesthesia. Prevention and early relief of @entity1224 should decrease incidence. Recurrent NPPE has not been previously described in the literature. Herein, we describe the first case of recurrent NPPE in the same @entity1 following extubation.

title: Recurrent negative pressure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['pulmonary edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 and dissections involving the descending thoracic aorta and the distal portion of the aortic arch are difficult to resolve surgically. The introduction of endovascular self-expanding stent-grafts has simplified the operation. Given the complications associated with their peripheral placement, we explored the feasibility of surgical insertion. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 underwent surgical insertion of a stent-graft into the aortic arch via longitudinal aortotomy. Six @entity1 had @entity439 ( @entity397 in two, and seven dissections (acute in two, @entity397 in one). Five @entity1 also underwent associated procedures including @entity886 (one), ascending aorta replacement (two), arch replacement (one), and coronary artery bypass (one). RESULTS: There was one intraoperative death due to ascending @entity1580 , and two hospital deaths due to multiple complications. Of ten @entity1 discharged, one died 3 months postoperatively. The remaining survivors are well, and imaging studies confirmed adequate correction of the @entity2333 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of this technique simplifies the operation and treatment of particular cases of @entity2333 . The observed morbidity and mortality are due to factors independent of the technique.

title: Self-expanding endovascular stent-graft implant for treatment of descending XXXX .

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic diseases']


abstract: The 70S ribosomes of @entity526 were treated with @entity14754 . Under conditions where 40% of the @entity376 epsilon- @entity1472 groups became modified, about 50% of the ribosomes became resistant to dissociation into 30S and 50S subunits when analyzed in the absence of reducing agents on @entity969 gradients containing low @entity1760 concentrations. Dissociation took place in the presence of reducing agents, indicating that the bifunctional reagent had reacted with proteins from both subunits. Proteins were extracted from purified cross-linked 70S ribosomes by using conditions to preclude @entity1520 interchange. @entity1520 -linked protein complexes and @entity2915 were first fractionated by electrophoresis in @entity2975 / @entity1133 gels at pH 5.5. The proteins from sequential slices of the @entity1133 gel were analyzed by two-dimensional diagonal @entity2975 / @entity3208 gel electrophoresis. Monomeric proteins derived from cross-linked dimers appeared below the diagonal of @entity2915 since the second electrophoresis but not the first is run under reducing conditions to cleave the cross-linked species. Final identification of the constituent proteins in each dimer was made by radioiodination of the cross-linked proteins, followed by two-dimensional @entity2975 / @entity1133 gel electrophoresis in the presence of nonradioactive marker 70S protein. The identification of 11 cross-linked protein dimers which contained one protein from each of the two ribosomal subunits is described. We conclude that the proteins in these @entity2915 are located in the regions of contact between the two subunits, i.e., at the "subunit interface".

title: Identification of proteins at the subunit interface of the XXXX ribosome by cross-linking with @entity14754 .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked pairs', 'non-cross-linked proteins']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['Disulfide', 'disulfide']

entities_list: @entity14754 :: ('MESH:C007471', 'Chemical') :: ["dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobis(propionimidate)"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity137 in former house painters was examined in a prospective study with a two-year observation period. Twenty-six @entity1 , who at the initial examination had @entity194 and/or @entity73 , were selected for the follow-up study. No competitive etiological factors (including @entity167 ) to the @entity75 were suspected. During the two-year follow-up interval these @entity1 were not professionally exposed to organic solvents. At the follow-up examination neurological, biochemical, neuropsychological, and neuroradiological parameters were reassessed and compared to the original findings. Generally the condition was unchanged. Slight improvements with regard to @entity10 and @entity1296 were reported by some. However, the neurological status, the @entity73 , and the @entity194 , did not change significantly. In three @entity1 further deterioration was observed. It is argued that our @entity1 suffered from a @entity75 different from @entity195 of the @entity8637 -Alzheimer type. Other alternative etiological entities were also excluded. Our findings indicate that long-term exposure to organic solvents may lead to a @entity8638 . Once @entity73 and/or @entity194 had developed, reversibility is not observed. Nor is further progression to be expected if exposure is stopped. Occupational exposure to organic solvents should be maximally restricted as it represents a risk of inducing invalidating @entity75 .

title: Prognosis in @entity137 . A two-year follow-up study in 26 house painters with occupational XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['chronic toxic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological impairment', 'intellectual impairment']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain syndromes', 'brain disorder', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['presenile dementia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic brain syndrome']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefit of cyclical @entity10210 plus @entity7218 for the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced @entity604 in a 2-year, prospective, open study based in an @entity170 clinic. @entity1 AND METHODS: Group 1 consisted of 15 postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age 62.6 +/- 3.3 years) who commenced glucocorticoid therapy and were treated with cyclical @entity10210 (400 mg/d for the first month; thereafter, 400 mg/d for 2 weeks of every 3-month period), elemental @entity460 (1 g/d), and @entity7218 (0.5 mg/wk). Group 2 consisted of 11 postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age 60.2 +/- 4.7 years) with glucocorticoid-induced @entity170 , who were attending the clinic at the same time and were treated with @entity460 supplements only (1 g/d). MEASUREMENTS: Lumbar spine and femoral neck @entity79 ( @entity79 ) were measured at baseline and after 12 and 24 months of glucocorticoid therapy using a dual energy x-ray absorptiometer. RESULTS: The two groups did not differ with respect to age, years since the menopause, mean daily glucocorticoid dose, and baseline @entity79 values. During the first year of therapy, mean lumbar spine @entity79 increased from an initial value of 0.88 g/cm2 to 0.94 g/cm2, an increase of 7% per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7% to 10.2%; P < 0.001 compared with controls). Significant increases in @entity79 of 2.5% per year were also observed in the femoral neck (95% CI -1% to 6%; P < 0.01 compared with controls). After the second year of cyclical @entity10210 therapy, femoral neck @entity79 continued to increase (P < 0.05 compared with value at 12 months), while lumbar spine @entity79 remained stable. CONCLUSION: Chronic glucocorticoid therapy may result in @entity604 at most skeletal sites. Therapy with cyclical @entity10210 plus @entity7218 not only prevented glucocorticoid-induced @entity604 , but even increased lumbar spine and femoral neck @entity79 in postmenopausal @entity1 commencing glucocorticoid therapy.

title: Cyclical @entity10210 plus @entity7218 prevents glucocorticoid-induced XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['etidronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity7218 :: ('MESH:D004872', 'Chemical') :: ['ergocalciferol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BMD', 'bone mineral densities']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity842 modifies free radical-mediated cell processes in multiple in vivo and in vitro systems. The aim of this study was to determine the role of hepatocyte production of NO in oxidative injury. METHODS: @entity35 hepatocytes in primary culture were incubated with @entity10737 , a source of @entity224 . Interleukin (IL) 1 was added to induce NO synthesis. Injury was determined by @entity492 aminotransferase (AST), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels. RESULTS: @entity10738 -induced injury increased AST and @entity1865 levels and decreased @entity2197 levels in control and IL-1-treated cells. Inhibition of NO synthesis in IL-1-treated cells significantly increased AST and @entity1865 production while enhancing @entity2197 depletion. In the presence of @entity224 dismutase or @entity10739 , an exogenous source of NO, injury was decreased or abolished. NO production was significantly increased with oxidative stress. In @entity10738 -induced injury in IL-1-stimulated hepatocytes, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction showed significantly increased levels of @entity1506 messenger RNA, whereas immunoblot analysis showed similarly increased levels of @entity1506 protein. CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity35 hepatocyte model of IL-1/ @entity10738 -mediated injury, NO, derived from endogenous synthesis or an exogenous donor, is protective. Oxidative stress may have a role in the transcriptional control of NO synthesis.

title: Interleukin 1-induced production of @entity842 inhibits XXXX -mediated oxidative injury in @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity10738 :: ('CHEBI:22707', 'Chemical') :: ['benzenetriol', 'Benzenetriol']

entities_list: @entity10739 :: ('MESH:C091665', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-albumin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity10738 :: (CHEBI:22707,Chemical) :: ['benzenetriol']


abstract: Interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) is the major treatment for @entity15 . However, this treatment is not always effective. Here we have found congruence in outcome between responses to @entity2391 in @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) and @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ). @entity2391 was effective in reducing @entity6503 symptoms induced by @entity1198 ) cells but exacerbated disease induced by T(H)17 cells. Effective treatment in T(H)1-induced @entity6503 correlated with increased @entity688 ( @entity688 ) production by splenocytes. In T(H)17-induced disease, the amount of @entity688 was unaltered by treatment, although, unexpectedly, @entity2391 treatment still reduced @entity4155 production without benefit. Both inhibition of @entity4155 and induction of @entity688 depended on @entity379 . In the absence of @entity379 signaling, @entity2391 therapy was ineffective in @entity6503 . In @entity3780 @entity1 , @entity2391 nonresponders had higher @entity4654 concentrations in serum compared to responders. Nonresponders had worse disease with more @entity134 usage and more relapses than did responders. Hence, @entity2391 is proinflammatory in T(H)17-induced @entity6503 . Moreover, a high @entity4654 concentration in the serum of @entity1 with @entity3780 is associated with nonresponsiveness to therapy with @entity2391 .

title: T helper type 1 and 17 cells determine efficacy of interferon-beta in XXXX and experimental encephalomyelitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity542 is an important cause of @entity204 among young adults in the UK, and a significant burden on @entity9462 resources. However, management is inconsistent, governed largely by local resources. The latest version of the NICE head injury guidelines suggests that more @entity1 with @entity131 should be transferred to receive specialist care. However, this raises issues about the capacity of regional neurosurgical units, particularly to accommodate @entity1 who do not require surgical intervention. OBJECTIVES: To critically evaluate the basis of the NICE recommendations about transfer for neurosurgical care, and examine the configuration of specialist services to assess the implications of increasing the existing number of transfers. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted of articles discussing the provision of emergency neurosurgical care for adult @entity542 in the UK. RESULTS: Fifty-eight papers met the criteria for inclusion in the literature review, including seven papers cited in the NICE guidance. Fifty-one papers related to neurosurgical care, including papers on bed occupancy, transfer times and transfer policies. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence NICE cited is of variable quality. Much of the research was conducted outside the UK, which raises questions about its relevance to the @entity9462 . Care of traumatic @entity1545 in the UK is already hampered by the inadequate capacity of regional neurosurgical units to meet demand, and transferring more @entity1 would be likely to exacerbate this. Increasing the number of transfers could also worsen inequalities of access for other groups, such as elective @entity1 , particularly in areas where facilities are most stretched.

title: The implications of the NICE guidelines on neurosurgical management for all severe XXXX : systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'head injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education-mandated 80-hour work week has led many teaching hospitals to find adequate replacements for residents. In addition, the subspecialty of pediatric orthopaedics is currently experiencing a workforce shortage. At the authors' institution, Level I emergency department and hospital on-call duties alternate between orthopaedic residents and orthopaedic-specific nurse practitioners. There are no studies looking at the quality of care rendered in the pediatric orthopaedic setting by physician extenders. METHODS: A consecutive series of 139 pediatric @entity1 with the diagnosis of closed both-bones @entity174 underwent closed reduction and casting by either a trained nurse practitioner or orthopaedic resident in the emergency department from July 2006 through June 2007. Fifty-seven (41%) @entity1 were treated by a nurse practitioner and 82 (59%) @entity1 were treated by an orthopaedic resident. All @entity1 were followed to completion of treatment by fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic staff. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to the use of conscious sedation, cast characteristics, @entity174 characteristics, or length of follow up (P > 0.05). @entity1 treated by orthopaedic residents required more minor interventions (48% versus 35%), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.17). However, @entity1 treated by orthopaedic residents had a higher rate of requiring premedication and molding of a new cast in clinic for loss of reduction (33% versus 18%), and this did approach statistical significance (P = 0.052). In addition, @entity1 treated by orthopaedic residents had slightly more major interventions, which necessitated operative intervention to restore alignment of the @entity174 (11% versus 8%), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric @entity1 with closed both-bones @entity174 were treated successfully by both trained orthopaedic nurse practitioners and orthopaedic residents with no statistically significant difference in interventions.

title: A comparison of XXXX reductions performed by physician extenders and orthopaedic residents in the acute pediatric orthopaedic practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'diaphyseal forearm fractures', 'diaphyseal forearm fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Greater quadriceps strength has been associated with lower risk of symptomatic @entity626 ( @entity571 ) in older adults. However, factors that confer elevated risk of knee @entity571 (eg, sedentary lifestyle, @entity28 , and @entity3331 ) also contribute to a reduced tolerance of resistance training programs at >= 60% 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Therefore, the current study assessed whether concurrent application of blood flow restriction (BFR) to low-load resistance training is an efficacious and tolerable means of improving quadriceps strength in @entity1 at risk of symptomatic knee @entity571 . METHODS: @entity1 older than age 45, with a history of @entity3331 or elevated body mass index (BMI), were randomized to low-load resistance training (30% 1RM) either with or without concurrent BFR. Isotonic double-leg press strength and isokinetic knee extensor strength were assessed before and after 4 weeks of training 3 times/wk. @entity158 ( @entity626 Outcome Score) was assessed for tolerance. RESULTS: Of the 42 @entity1 (mean age 56.1    7.7 years) who were randomized, 41 completed the program. There were no significant intergroup differences in age, BMI, knee pathology, or muscle strength at baseline. Although leg press 1RM improved in both control and BFR groups, there were no significant intergroup differences in primary or secondary measures of muscle strength. The BFR was not associated with worsening of knee @entity158 , but there was a significant improvement in knee @entity158 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with training without BFR, addition of BFR to 30% 1RM resistance training for 4 weeks did not confer significantly greater increases in leg press or quadriceps strength in older @entity1 with risk factors for symptomatic knee @entity571 .

title: Efficacy of Blood Flow-Restricted Low-Load Resistance Training For Quadriceps Strengthening in @entity1 at Risk of Symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis', 'Knee Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Knee pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['Knee Osteoarthritis']


abstract: This study examined the relationship between microglia activation in the cuneate nucleus (CN) and @entity146 after @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) of the median nerve. We also investigated effects of local @entity3303 pre- and post-treatment on microglia activation and development of @entity56 in this model. By immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, little immunoreactivity of OX-42, a microglia activation marker, was detected in the CN of normal @entity35 . As early as 1 day after @entity8638 , there was a significant increase in OX-42 immunoreactivity in the lesion side of CN, which reached a maximum at 14 days. Microinjection of @entity1214 , a microglia activation inhibitor, into the CN 1 day after @entity8638 attenuated injury-induced @entity146 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the animals received 1%, 2% or 5% @entity3303 15 min prior to median nerve @entity8638 (pre-treatment), 5h (early post-treatment) or 1 day (late post-treatment) after median nerve @entity8638 . Pre-treatment and early post-treatment with 2% and 5% @entity3303 , but not 1% @entity3303 , attenuated OX-42 immunoreactivity and @entity146 following @entity10036 . Late post-treatment with 1%, 2%, or 5% @entity3303 failed to decrease OX-42 immunoreactivity and mechanical @entity56 in @entity8638 @entity35 . In conclusion, @entity10036 -induced microglia activation in the CN modulated development of @entity146 . High-concentration @entity3303 was effective in decreasing microglia activation in the CN and in attenuating @entity9 sensations at the early stage following @entity128 , when microglia had not yet been activated.

title: Effects of local @entity3303 treatment before and after XXXX on mechanical @entity56 and microglia activation in @entity35 cuneate nucleus.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['median nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity10036 :: (MESH:D020423,Disease) :: ['median nerve injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with @entity204 of @entity1 admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Taubat   University Hospital. METHODS: It is a longitudinal study with information obtained from medical records of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Taubat   University Hospital. Type of outcome, discharge or @entity204 , was dependent variable. The independent variables were maternal and gestational variables: maternal age, @entity101 , @entity6 , corticosteroid therapy and delivery; variables of the newborn: birth weight, gestation length, Apgar score in the first and fifth minutes of life, multiple birth, @entity600 and sex; hospitalar variables: report of mechanical ventilation, positive pressure ventilation, reports of prolonged parenteral nutrition, @entity295 , intubation, cardiac massage, phototherapy, @entity8855 , @entity26 and fraction of inspired @entity26 . It was built a model in three hierarchical levels for the survival analysis by the Cox model; it was used the software Stata v9 and the final model contained variables with p <0.05. The risks were estimated by measure effect known as hazard ratio (HR) with confidence intervals of 95%. The newborns transferred during hospitalization to another service were excluded from the study. RESULTS: There were admitted during the study period 495 newborns, with 129 deaths (26.1%). In the final model, only the variables of @entity134 use (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.02-2.70), @entity600 (HR 1.93, CI 95% 1,05-2,88), very low birth weight (HR 4.28, 95% CI 2,79-6,57) and Apgar scores lower than seven of no1 min (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1,19-2,93) and 5 min (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1,05-2,88) and the variables phototherapy (HR 0.34; 95% CI 0,22-0,53) and endotracheal intubation (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1 .41-3, 70). CONCLUSION: Factors related primarily to the newborn and the hospitalar internment (except therapy with @entity288 ) were identified as associated to mortality highlighting a possible protective factor of phototherapy and the risk of @entity1 with very low birth weight.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in neonatal intensive care unit according to survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline membrane disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['neonatal death']


abstract: Electrophysiologic studies were performed in 14 @entity1 with @entity2917 reentrant paroxysmal @entity591 (PSVT) before and after oral administration of 1.2-1.6 g @entity5126 over a 24-hour period (0.3-0.4 g every 6 hours). Studies were performed after 0.5-1 mg i.v. @entity3897 before and after @entity5126 . All 14 @entity1 had induction of sustained PSVT before @entity5126 , with or without @entity3897 . After @entity5126 , 11 @entity1 lost the ability to induce echoes or sustain PSVT, reflecting @entity308 of the retrograde pathway with either absence of @entity955 (six @entity1 ) or induction of nonsustained PSVT, with termination of echoes or PSVT occurring after QRS (block in retrograde pathway) (five @entity1 ). In only one of these 11 @entity1 was sustained PSVT inducible after addition of @entity3897 . All 11 were discharged on the same dose of @entity5126 . In three @entity1 , @entity5126 was discontinued because of side effects. Follow-up in the remaining eight @entity1 for 8 +/- 2 months showed no recurrence of sustained PSVT. Three of the 14 @entity1 had induction of sustained PSVT after @entity5126 . Ventricular paced cycle length producing @entity616 was 314 +/- 7 msec (mean +/- SEM) before and 392 +/- 13 msec after @entity5126 (p less than 0.01) in the 14 @entity1 , suggesting @entity308 of the retrograde pathway with @entity5126 . In summary, @entity5126 inhibited induction of sustained @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 with @entity308 of the retrograde pathway. It is very effective in preventing recurrence of PSVT in most @entity1 .

title: Effects of @entity5126 on @entity2917 reentrant paroxysmal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular nodal']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine sulfate', 'quinidine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial echoes']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculoatrial block']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: The selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Prozac   ( @entity905 ) is widely prescribed for the treatment of @entity308 and @entity148 . While extensive research has established that @entity905 is safe for adults, safety is not guaranteed for (unborn) @entity1 and adolescents. Some clinical studies have reported adverse outcomes, such as @entity600 , neonatal @entity65 , and @entity120 in @entity1 whose mothers used SSRIs during pregnancy. In addition, several reports show that adolescent @entity905 treatment increases risk for suicidal behavior. Despite these studies, @entity905 is not contraindicated in the treatment of @entity308 pregnant @entity1 and adolescents. Longitudinal research in @entity1 is limited because of ethical reasons and time constraints, and to overcome these limitations, rodents are used to increase insight in the age-dependent effects of @entity905 exposure. It has been established that neonatal and adolescent @entity905 exposure leads to paradoxical @entity148 - and @entity308 -like features in later life of @entity35 and @entity19 , although in some studies adolescent @entity905 exposure was without effects. These age-dependent outcomes of @entity905 may be explained by @entity750 's neurotrophic effects, which may vary according to the developmental stage of the brain due to epigenetic modifications. Here we review the existing evidence for the age-dependent effects of @entity905 in @entity1 and rodents, address the gaps in our current knowledge and propose directions for future research. Given the overlap between @entity1 and rodent findings, rodents provide heuristic value in further research on the age-dependent effects of SSRIs.

title: The age-dependent effects of selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors in @entity1 and rodents: A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['premature birth']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-related disorders', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: To ensure the best results from aesthetic breast augmentation, preoperative evaluation and adequate @entity1 information are essential. However, assessment of the underlying thoracic shape often is neglected. @entity1 with @entity85 are aware of the problematic reconstruction, whereas @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity85 often are not aware of their condition and fail to see that standard breast augmentation will lead to unsatisfying results. The authors reviewed their charts for @entity1 with breast augmentation and mild to moderate @entity85 , then compiled the therapeutic possibilities and the outcome. Of the 548 @entity1 who underwent breast augmentation, 7.1% (n  =  39) exhibited low- or midgrade @entity85 . Almost none of the @entity1 were aware of their deformity. The @entity1 were augmented with @entity1346 -filled, textured round implants. Placement and volume were adapted to the anatomic situation. A reoperation was not performed in any case, and both @entity1 and physician satisfaction was high. The percentage of @entity1 with @entity85 in this group was high compared with an overall incidence of less than 2%. This emphasizes the need for cautious physical examination and preoperative documentation. By individualized surgical planning and diligent implant selection, optimal results and @entity1 satisfaction can be achieved.

title: Aesthetic breast augmentation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic wall deformities', 'deformities', 'obvious deformities', 'thoracic deformities', 'thoracic deformity']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['thoracic deformities']