abstract: INTRODUCTION: The identification and treatment of hospitalized @entity1 with community-acquired @entity293 (CAUTI) may be a challenge. The pathogens causing the @entity281 and their relative proportions vary geographically and with time. This observational prospective study had three primary goals: (1) to estimate the likelihood of diagnosis of CAUTI upon admission; (2) to evaluate adherence to the institutional recommendations; (3) to assess the compatibility of the current local antibiotic recommendations with a pathogen's distribution and with its drug sensitivities. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-three @entity1 with positive urinary cultures fulfilling criteria for CAUTI were studied. Only 54 (24.2%) were diagnosed as having a urinary tract @entity281 upon admission. Approximately 90% of the @entity1 , who were correctly diagnosed, received the institutional recommended antibiotic therapy ( @entity800 or @entity2261 ). Gram-negative intestinal flora comprised 86.1% (192 @entity1 ) of the causative microorganisms. Of these, 20.3% of the pathogens demonstrated resistance to @entity800 and 19.8% to @entity2261 . The prevalence of @entity526 , the most common pathogen of UTI, significantly declined in the current study, from 70.5% in 1991 to 56% in 2000. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a low sensitivity in diagnosing community-acquired @entity293 upon admission. In @entity1 correctly diagnosed, the use of recommended antibiotics was high. A substantial percentage of the pathogens were resistant to the recommended antibiotics. This study stresses the need for frequent re-evaluation of the prevalence of pathogens involved in regional community-acquired @entity293 and the adjustment of the empirical first-line treatment accordingly.

title: Regional community-acquired XXXX in Israel: diagnosis, pathogens, and antibiotic guidelines adherence: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many markers have been indicated as predictors of @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, the question of whether or not non-glycaemic (blood) biomarkers and non-blood biomarkers have a predictive additive utility when combined with glycaemic (blood) biomarkers is unknown. The study aim is to assess this additive utility in a large Japanese population. METHODS: We used data from a retrospective cohort study conducted from 1998 to 2002 for the baseline and 2002 to 2006 for follow-up, inclusive of 5,142 @entity1 (mean age of 51.9 years) and 4,847 @entity1 (54.1 years) at baseline. The cumulative incidence of @entity6 [defined either as a fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) >= 7.00 mmol/l or as clinically diagnosed @entity6 ] was measured. In addition to glycaemic biomarkers [FPG and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)], we examined the clinical usefulness of adding non-glycaemic biomarkers and non-blood biomarkers, using sensitivity and specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS: The AUCs to predict @entity6 were 0.874 and 0.924 for FPG, 0.793 and 0.822 for HbA1c, in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Glycaemic biomarkers were the best and second-best for @entity6 prediction among the markers. All non-glycaemic markers (except @entity414 in @entity1 and @entity1011 in both sexes) predicted @entity6 . Among these biomarkers, the highest AUC in the single-marker analysis was 0.656 for @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) in @entity1 and 0.740 for body mass index in @entity1 . The AUC of the combined markers of FPG and HbA1c was 0.895 in @entity1 and 0.938 in @entity1 , which were marginally increased to 0.904 and 0.940 when adding ALT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: AUC increments were marginal when adding non-glycaemic biomarkers and non-blood biomarkers to the classic model based on FPG and HbA1c. For the prediction of @entity6 , FPG and HbA1c are sufficient and the other markers may not be needed in clinical practice.

title: Do non-glycaemic markers add value to plasma XXXX and hemoglobin a1c in predicting @entity6 ? Yuport health checkup center study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: According to national surveys, the use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in @entity5 is on the rise, yet there is still some reluctance to adopt adjuvant IMRT as standard practice. The purpose of this study is to report a single-institution experience using postoperative pelvic IMRT with concurrent chemotherapy in intermediate- and high-risk early @entity5 . METHODS: From 1/2004 to 12/2009, 34 @entity1 underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (28 median nodes were removed) for early @entity5 . Median dose of postoperative pelvic IMRT was 50.4 Gy (range, 45-50.4). All @entity1 received concurrent @entity900 . RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 44 months, 3 @entity1 have recurred; 1 vaginal recurrence, 1 regional and distant, and 1 distant. The 3- and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 91.2% (95% CI, 81.4-100%) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 91.1% (95% CI, 81.3-100%). All failures and all deaths were in the high-risk group (n=3/26). There was 32.3% G3-4 hematologic @entity137 , 2.9% acute G3 @entity344 , and no acute G3 or higher genitourinary @entity137 . There were no chronic G3 or higher @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Oncologic outcomes with postoperative IMRT were very good, with DFS and @entity1349 rates of >90% at median follow-up of 44 months, despite a preponderance (76.5%) of high-risk features. @entity137 was minimal even in the setting of an aggressive trimodality approach. Data from this study and emerging data from the Phase II RTOG study (0418) demonstrate the advantages of postoperative IMRT in early @entity5 .

title: Postoperative pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy in intermediate- and high-risk cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancers', 'stage cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal intracellular @entity141 homeostasis occurs in chronic @entity955 ( @entity340 ). The intracellular @entity141 concentration is regulated by @entity8452 and @entity671 (IP3) receptors. Changes occur in @entity8452 receptors in atrial tissue from @entity1 in chronic @entity340 . Whether @entity340 @entity1 have alterations in atrial IP3 receptors was investigated. METHODS: @entity9197 expression was analyzed in the right atrial myocardium from 13 @entity340 ( @entity340 ) @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity340 ), 5MVD @entity1 with normal sinus rhythm( @entity340 /NSR), and 8 control @entity1 with NSR(tissue obtained during coronary artery bypass surgery). Hemodynamic and echocardiographic data were obtained preoperatively, and an immunohistochemical study was performed on the atrial tissue. RESULTS: The relative expression level of @entity9197 protein was significantly greater in @entity340 (0.75 +/- 0.26) than in @entity340 /NSR (0.42 +/- 0.13, p < 0.01), and both were significantly above the control value (0.14 +/- 0.08). The relative expression level of @entity9197 mRNA was significantly greater in @entity340 (0.028 +/- 0.008) than in control subjects (0.015 +/- 0.004, p < 0.01), but @entity340 @entity1 did not differ from @entity340 /NSR (0.020 +/- 0.006) @entity1 . The relative expression levels of @entity9197 protein and mRNA were higher in @entity1 with left atrial dimension > or = 40 mm, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure > or = 10 mmHg, and right atrial pressure > or = 5 mmHg. IP3 receptors were overexpressed in the cytosol and at the nuclear envelope of atrial myocytes in @entity340 . CONCLUSIONS: Since chronic mechanical overload of the atrial myocardium increases @entity9197 expression, especially in @entity1 with chronic @entity340 , up-regulation of IP3 receptors may be important in modulating intracellular @entity141 homeostasis and initiating and/or perpetuating @entity340 .

title: [Up-regulation of XXXX receptor expression in atrial tissue in @entity1 with chronic @entity955 ].

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'mitral valvular disease', 'MVD', 'MVD/AF']

answer: @entity671 :: (MESH:D015544,Chemical) :: ['inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate']


abstract: Colonic crypt cell proliferation is used as an indicator of risk of @entity14 . Subjects with @entity6523 have an increased cell proliferation and a shift of the proliferative zone towards the apex of the crypt. Epidemiological and in vitro studies have confirmed a link between vitamins A, E, C, @entity2066 , and @entity14 . In vitro bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemical technique was used to assess the effect of daily oral supplementation with @entity270 (160 mg), @entity620 (750 mg), or @entity2066 (9 mg) on the colonic crypt cell proliferation in @entity1 with @entity6523 (n = 40) compared with normal subjects with no @entity1049 (n = 20). The @entity1 were given supplementation for one month and colonic biopsy specimens were taken before and at the end of the trial. @entity1 with @entity6523 had a significantly higher mean labelling index per cent than controls (p < 0.001). @entity620 or @entity2066 supplementation, however, significantly reduced the total proliferation (p < 0.005) whereas @entity270 supplementation had no effect on the colonic crypt cell proliferation. @entity2066 reduced cell proliferation at the base of the crypt only. @entity620 reduced cell proliferation in all the crypt compartments from the apex to the base to those values seen in age and sex matched controls. These findings indicate that prolonged supplementation with @entity620 may reduce the recurrence of @entity6523 .

title: Effects of vitamin antioxidant supplementation on cell kinetics of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps and cancer', 'adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disease']

answer: @entity6523 :: (MESH:D018256,Disease) :: ['adenomatous polyps']


abstract: The @entity20379 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex that interfaces with the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and plays critical developmental roles in both animals and plants. Although some subunits are present only in an    320-kDa complex-dependent form, other subunits are also detected in configurations distinct from the 8-subunit holocomplex. To date, the only known biochemical activity intrinsic to the complex, deneddylation of the @entity16928 subunits from @entity16928 -RING ubiquitin ligases, is assigned to @entity26176 . As an essential step to understanding the structure and assembly of a @entity26176 -containing subcomplex of the CSN, we reconstituted a @entity46477 -5-6-7 subcomplex. The core of the subcomplex is based on a stable heterotrimeric association of @entity46478 , @entity46477 , and @entity46479 , requiring coexpression in a bacterial reconstitution system. To this heterotrimer, we could then add @entity26176 in vitro to reconstitute a quaternary complex. Using biochemical and biophysical methods, we identified pairwise and combinatorial interactions necessary for the formation of the @entity46477 -5-6-7 subcomplex. The subcomplex is stabilized by three types of interactions: MPN-MPN between @entity26176 and @entity46479 , PCI-PCI between @entity46477 and @entity46478 , and interactions mediated through the @entity46479 C terminus with @entity46477 and @entity46478 . @entity20379 was also found to interact with the @entity46477 -6-7 core. These data provide a strong framework for further investigation of the organization and assembly of this pivotal regulatory complex.

title: The organization of a XXXX -containing subcomplex of the @entity20379 signalosome.

answer: @entity26176 :: (10987,Gene) :: ['CSN5']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the cross-sectional relation between myocardial perfusion and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk factors among adults with no clinical @entity301 . BACKGROUND: Clinical studies suggest that myocardial perfusion is often abnormal in individuals without @entity301 but with risk factors. Epidemiologic study in asymptomatic populations is lacking. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-two @entity1 and @entity1 , ages 45 to 84 years and free of a @entity301 diagnosis, in the University of Minnesota field center of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) had @entity296 ( @entity296 ) determined using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during @entity859 -induced @entity450 . Perfusion reserve (PR) was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to rest @entity296 . RESULTS: Both resting and hyperemic @entity296 were lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 , even after considering age and menopause. @entity296 was also significantly lower in subjects who were older, and in those with higher blood pressure, higher fasting @entity413 , and lower low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . After adjusting for age, gender, and race, reduced PR was independently associated with @entity101 , higher diastolic blood pressure, and higher total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , but was not associated with cigarette smoking, @entity28 , physical activity, or @entity6 . Moreover, hyperemic @entity296 and PR were correlated strongly and inversely with estimated 10-year @entity301 risk based on Framingham equations (p for trends: <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary vasoreactivity is reduced in asymptomatic individuals with a greater coronary risk factor burden. Our study results imply that changes in coronary vascular reactivity, in response to risk factors, may be detected in adults without symptomatic @entity301 .

title: Coronary risk factors and myocardial perfusion in asymptomatic adults: the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA).

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'Hyperemic MBF', 'myocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: Physical and biochemical changes in the spinal cord of monkeys @entity21194 , and 4 hours following 200 g cm contusion injury and 50 g of @entity2850 and 2 hours of decompression following 4 hours of compression were studied. The pathophysiologic changes were milder in compression compared to contusion injury. Following contusion injury, at 1/2 and 2 hours there was significant increase in % water content, lipid peroxidation, and alpha-L-fucosidase. alpha-D-Mannosidase was significantly increased at all time periods, and beta-D-hexosaminidase was increased at 1/2 and 4 hours. At 4 hours following injury, @entity750 (5 HT) and @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) showed a significant increase. From 10 minutes to 2 hours there was increased @entity1423 . In @entity2850 , a significant increase in water content and 5 HT was observed only at 1/2 hour. Lipid peroxidation had increased at all time periods, whereas B-D-hexosaminidase, beta-D-galactosidase, and @entity5581 were increased at 2 hours. alpha-D-Mannosidase had increased at 1/2 and 2 hours, and alpha-L-fucosidase had increased at 4 hours. After 2 hours decompression following 4 hours compression, water content, beta-D-galactosidase, and alpha-D-Mannosidase were significantly increased. An attempt was made to correlate the findings and to understand the sequential pathophysiologic changes in the first 4 hours following @entity1566 , providing a baseline for evaluation of the efficacy of any therapeutic maneuvers.

title: Spinal cord edema, XXXX , lipid peroxidation, and lysosomal enzyme release after acute contusion and @entity2850 in primates.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injury']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord trauma']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) have attracted more and more attention due to increase in life span globally and aging population. Percutaneous vertebroplasty ( @entity12468 ) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) have been popularized rapidly by virtue of their unique advantage in minimal invasiveness. We analysed our results in @entity3604 using percutaneous kyphoplasty and posterior screw rod system. To investigate the possibility of treatment of @entity3604 by means of kyphoplasty combined with the posterior screw-rod system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty six @entity1 (65 years of age or older) with the single spine fractures included in study. The preoperative bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray. The PKP was done in all the cases. Decompression was done if neurological symptoms were present. RESULTS: The results demonstrated @entity170 with @entity1555 T value  <= -2.5; injured posterior vertebral body (3 cases) had shown the whole damage accompanied by neurological symptoms through X-ray or CT. After 2 days, the remaining @entity1 of @entity615 symptoms were relieved or disappeared except for three cases of @entity1 with decompression incision. VAS score and Cobb angle changed from preoperative 8.23    0.17 and 28.7    0.33   respectively to postoperative 3.77    0.44 and 3.8    0.2   respectively. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity3604 by means of kyphoplasty combined with posterior screw-rod system is a safe, effective procedure.

title: Percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with the posterior screw-rod system in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the posterior vertebral osteoporotic fractures', 'rupture of the posterior vertebral osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures', 'osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['OVCF', 'osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although some @entity1 with @entity11 respond to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents like BCNU, @entity5 recurrence inevitably occurs, heralding the development of chemoresistance. Treating and/or preventing chemoresistance requires distinguishing newly developed resistance from the presence of intrinsically resistant cells in the primary @entity5 population. This study relates the chromosomal complements of freshly resected @entity816 to the cells' chemosensitivity and ultimately to the @entity1 ' response to treatment. METHODS: The authors dissociated 31 freshly resected @entity1 @entity11 (5 @entity816 , 10 @entity816 , 16 @entity463 multiforme) into single cells, and performed cytogenetic analysis and BCNU sensitivity testing using the colony-forming assay ( @entity3795 ) on first division cells from these @entity5 . RESULTS: The major cytogenetic abnormalities involved the loss of a sex chromosome in all three classes of @entity11 and the gain of chromosome 7 in anaplastic @entity816 and @entity463 multiforme; clonal marker chromosomes were observed in only anaplastic @entity816 and @entity463 multiforme with no common rearrangement observed among the @entity5 . The five @entity816 were near-diploid (2n+/-, 35-57 chromosomes/cell), and all were resistant to BCNU. Seven of ten @entity816 were composed primarily of 2n+/- cells and were BCNU resistant. Three other @entity816 had a 39% or greater representation of 4n+/- cells (88-101 chromosomes/cell), and these @entity5 were sensitive to BCNU. Ten of 16 @entity463 multiforme were composed predominantly of 2n+/- cells and were resistant to @entity3600 . Six other @entity463 multiforme had at least 41% 3n+/- (58-87 chromosomes/metaphase) and 4n+/- cell populations and were sensitive to @entity3600 . Thus, @entity11 demonstrating BCNU sensitivity were more than 60% @entity981 (60 or more chromosomes/metaphase) with 1 to 8 clonal marker chromosomes and multiple clonal populations involving complex karyotypic deviations. In contrast, all 22 resistant @entity5 were composed primarily of near-diploid cells. Only 4 of 22 @entity5 had a clonal marker, and the chromosome ploidy changes were less extensive. CONCLUSIONS: In freshly resected untreated @entity1 @entity11 , BCNU is most effective against @entity981 cells that have extensive ploidy changes and chromosome rearrangement, whereas resistance to @entity3600 is characteristic of near-diploid populations with few ploidy changes and rearranged chromosomes. This observation was consistent for all three classes of @entity11 .

title: Chromosome number and @entity3600 sensitivity in XXXX @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) following cardiac surgery is a common complication associated with serious morbidity and mortality. Activation of inflammatory cascade and @entity455 plays a vital role during the perioperative period leading to @entity810 . Statins are known to suppress @entity32 and improve @entity409 over and above the @entity165 lowering efficacy. METHODS: Observational studies with a defined population in terms of preoperative statin therapy and no preoperative statin therapy undergoing cardiac surgery (CABG, isolated valve surgery or both) and with reported data on the incidence of @entity810 and/or mortality were identified and analysed for inclusion in the analysis. Outcomes evaluated were occurrence of postoperative @entity810 /failure, requirement of any postoperative renal replacement therapy and short-term all-cause mortality rate. A meta-analysis was conducted and a pooled estimate of odds ratio (OR) was calculated using the inverse variance method. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies with a total population of 24 998 statin users and 22 082 non-statin users were included in the final analysis. @entity4913 resulted in a significantly lower incidence of renal replacement therapy in @entity1 undergoing CABG (OR: 0.56 [0.41-0.76]) but not in isolated valve surgery (OR: 1.80 [0.73-4.44]). Also preoperative statin therapy resulted in a significantly lower postoperative mortality (0.72 [0.61-0.84]) irrespective of the type of surgery. There was no effect of preoperative statin therapy on the incidence of @entity810 in any of the sub-group of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing CABG might derive benefit from preoperative statin therapy in terms of reducing the need for postoperative renal replacement therapy and mortality. However, the uncertainty concerning the reno-protective efficacy of preoperative statin therapy in @entity1 undergoing isolated valve surgery needs further investigation.

title: Preoperative statin therapy is associated with lower requirement of renal replacement therapy in XXXX undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury', 'acute renal failure/injury', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This report is a retrospective review of 74 cases of mandibular @entity174 managed in a craniomaxillofacial @entity130 centre between January 1994 and May 1998. Demographic data revealed that 85% of the @entity1 population were male, with a mean age of 27.5 years. The commonest causes of injury were motor vehicle accidents (48.6%), followed by assault (16.2%) and accidental falls (17.6%). In 25 @entity1 (33.8%) the @entity174 were single. Of these, @entity174 of the condylar region were the most common (8 @entity1 ). The remaining @entity1 sustained @entity174 in two or more anatomic sites. There were other associated @entity174 in 45.9% of @entity1 . @entity130 to other systems was present in 37.8%, with orthopaedic and @entity130 being the most common. Surgical management in the form of open reduction and internal fixation was carried out in 61 @entity1 (82.4%). Maxillo-mandibular fixation was used as an adjunct to maintain @entity432 and @entity2721 in unstable and comminuted @entity174 (15 @entity1 , 20.3%), and as the primary mode of treatment in @entity1 with stable, undisplaced @entity174 , @entity174 , in which the pretraumatic occlusal relationship was not disrupted (9 @entity1 , 12.2%). A successful outcome was defined as a stable and healed @entity174 , with restoration of functional @entity432 , facial symmetry and facial aesthetics. Complications observed included @entity1348 (10.8%), @entity3232 (9.5%), @entity281 (8.1%), implant exposure (5.4%), and non-union or delayed union (4.1%).

title: A review of mandibular XXXX in a craniomaxillofacial @entity130 centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular joint dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'facial fractures', 'particularly condylar fractures']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony reduction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of @entity5 -specific mortality (CSM) versus the competing risk of mortality by other causes (MOC) in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIAL AND METHOD: An observational cohort study of 982 @entity1 with @entity263 treated with RP selected from our department's PC registry database. A competing risk analysis was performed, calculating the probability of CSM in the presence of the competing risk of MOC. Cumulative incidence curves were constructed, and point estimates were performed at 5, 10 and 15 years. The analysis was stratified by age ( <=65 vs. >65 years) and risk group: low (Gleason score  <=6 and pT2abc); intermediate (Gleason score of 7 and pT2abc) and high (Gleason score of 8-10 or pT3ab). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 60 months, the overall probability of dying from PC was 3.5%, and the probability of dying from other causes was 9%. A competing effect for MOC was observed. The risk of MOC was almost 3 times greater than that of CSM. This effect remained for all risk groups, although its magnitude decreased progressively according to the risk group level. At 10 years, CSM was only 0%, 1% and 2% for the low, intermediate and high-risk groups, respectively, while the likelihood of MOC was 4%, 4% and 10%, respectively. The mortality risk was shown after 10years of follow-up and was higher for other causes not attributable to PC and for @entity1 older than 65years. CONCLUSIONS: The benefit of RP might be overestimated, given that the risk of MOC is greater than that of CSM, regardless of the age group and risk group, especially after 10years of follow-up. The only parameter that varied was the magnitude of the CSM/MOC ratio. This information could help in choosing the active treatment for @entity1 with @entity263 and short life expectancies.

title: Competing risk analysis of mortality in XXXX treated with radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['LPC', 'localised prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine, in preclinical in vivo animal and in clinical studies, whether @entity441 (a selective @entity2931 -receptor (ER) modulator that targets @entity1783 and induces apoptosis in vitro in @entity342 -independent @entity263 , AIPC cells) affects prostate cell differentiation, proliferation and @entity105 , and in the pilot phase II clinical trial, the response rate and duration of @entity1 with AIPC treated with a daily oral dose of @entity441 . @entity1 , MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumour proliferation rate in response to @entity441 treatment, and molecular markers of cell cycle and apoptosis, were evaluated in established @entity1783 -positive @entity342 -dependent (AD) CWR22 and AI CWRSA9 @entity1 xenograft @entity263 models. Twenty-one @entity1 with AIPC and evidence of disease progression were enrolled into the clinical trial and given daily oral @entity441 . RESULTS: There was significant growth inhibition by @entity441 in the ADPC and AIPC xenograft models (CWR22 68%, P < 0.010; CWRSA9 64%, P < 0.001), with no @entity5 regression. There was evidence of G1 arrest by increased @entity13525 expression in the @entity441 -treated group. Eighteen @entity1 comprised the efficacy analysis, as three withdrew before the first evaluation. At the first evaluation, five @entity1 had stable disease and continued on the study for a median of five cycles. The longest response was 17 cycles. Drug related @entity137 was minimal. CONCLUSION: @entity441 has activity in xenograft models, slowing disease progression. This translated to possible disease stabilization in @entity1 with AIPC. Further studies are warranted.

title: @entity441 , an @entity2931 -receptor-beta-targeted therapy, inhibits XXXX -independent @entity263 growth: results from preclinical studies and a pilot phase II clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'Raloxifene']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Like @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity179 and @entity64 are an ever increasing, health, social and economic burden for developed Westernized countries. Age is an important risk factor in all of these; due to the rapidly increasing rise in the elderly population @entity6 and @entity179 , both represent a looming threat to healthcare systems. Whereas several efficacious drugs are currently available to ameliorate @entity6 , effective treatments to counteract pathogenic processes of @entity179 are lacking and represent a major scientific and pharmaceutical challenge. Epidemiological data indicate an association between @entity6 and most major @entity179 , including @entity191 . Likewise, there is an association between @entity6 and @entity64 incidence. Studies have revealed that common pathophysiological features, including oxidative stress, insulin resistance, abnormal protein processing and @entity73 , occur across these. Based on the presence of shared mechanisms and signalling pathways in these seemingly distinct diseases, one could hypothesize that an effective treatment for one disorder could prove beneficial in the others. @entity5445 ( @entity5445 )-based anti- @entity6 drugs have drawn particular attention as an effective new strategy to not only regulate blood @entity413 but also to reduce apoptotic cell death of pancreatic beta cells in @entity6 . Evidence supports a neurotrophic and neuroprotective role of @entity8142 (R) stimulation in an increasing array of cellular and animal neurodegeneration models as well as in neurogenesis. Herein, we review the physiological role of @entity5445 in the nervous system, focused towards the potential benefit of @entity8142 stimulation as an immediately translatable treatment strategy for acute and chronic @entity16 .

title: Neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions of XXXX : an emerging opportunity to treat @entity179 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'type-2 diabetes mellitus', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity5445 :: (2641,Gene) :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1']


abstract: @entity850 or occlusion of the transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic stent shunt may be initiated by aggregation and activation of thrombocytes on the surface of the metallic stent material. To find effective prevention of this event, we conducted a controlled trial administering @entity117 for 3 mo. Forty-four @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 36 @entity1 ) with portal @entity101 were included in this study. The @entity1 were randomized into a group receiving 100 mg @entity117 /day (n = 21) or into a control group (n = 23). Treatment was started immediately after transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic stent shunt. Three months after transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic stent shunt, 15 @entity1 in the @entity117 group and 19 @entity1 in the control group underwent clinical reevaluation, gastroscopy and recatheterization with determination of the portal-systemic pressure gradient. No variceal @entity548 occurred in any @entity1 . In four @entity1 in the @entity117 group, erosive @entity3621 was observed in gastroscopy in contrast to only one @entity1 in the control group. Complete patency of the stent was noted in 10 of 15 @entity1 in the @entity117 group and in 14 of 19 @entity1 in the control group. Transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic stent shunt restenosis associated with a significant increase of the portal-systemic gradient occurred in five @entity1 in the @entity117 group, which required redilation in all and additional stent placement for expansion of the stented tract in two @entity1 . In the control group, redilation was necessary in five @entity1 with additional stent extension in two @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity117 in the prevention of early XXXX and occlusion of transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic stent shunts: a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three groups of anti-resorptive drugs in @entity14577 . DATA SOURCES: We collected data covering the period between 1983 and 1995, by first using MEDLINE. References retrieved were scanned further to identify additional papers. STUDY SELECTION: Only randomized studies evaluating bone mass by means of dual-photon or dual energy densitometry over a period of 1 year were accepted. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were arranged into three drug groups. We used densitometry results after 1 year in all treatment or control groups. Factors which might interfere with the results were recorded for subsequent separate analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: The MEDLINE search identified almost 25,000 studies. On reading the abstracts, 275 trials appeared to be controlled trials and original copies were retrieved for detailed analysis. A total of 31 articles which satisfied the inclusion criteria were identified. The first meta-analysis included studies which compared @entity2931 and placebo, and the global effect-size was 0.54 (95% CI 0.34, 0.73). The second meta-analysis compared calcitonins with placebo and produced an effect-size of 0.41 (95% CI 0.21, 0.61) The third analysis compared bisphosphonates and placebo and showed an effect-size of 0.87 (95% CI 0.68, 1.07). Only @entity2931 dose affected the results found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity171 had the greatest effect on bone mass in @entity14577 .

title: Meta-analysis about efficacy of anti-resorptive drugs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['post-menopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens']

answer: @entity14577 :: (MESH:D015663,Disease) :: ['post-menopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of routine screening and treatment of pregnant @entity1 for @entity3251 in France, most neonates born to mothers who seroconverted during pregnancy are either not infected or asymptomatic. Early diagnosis relies mainly on radiologic, ophthalmologic and biologic tests. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytochemical evaluation is one of several tests performed in parallel to increase the overall sensitivity of the diagnostic evaluation. Our goal was to assess the value of cytochemical examination and to confirm whether using a portion of available CSF for this analysis is legitimate. METHODS: The individual performance of each of the two cytochemical tests and their combined value when used in parallel were assessed. These findings were then compared with the anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgA serum titers and the clinical, ophthalmologic and radiologic findings at birth. RESULTS: CSF cytochemical analysis was possible in only 52% of the 233 @entity1 in the study. Our results in 112 @entity1 indicated poor sensitivity estimates. There was no significant change in the posttest probability of @entity281 compared with the pretest estimation of risk in cases of a negative finding. After a mean follow-up of 80 months there was no evidence that CSF cytochemistry helped predict the risk of sequelae. CONCLUSION: In our setting cytochemical examination did not significantly contribute to the diagnosis of @entity281 at birth. Because of the limited quantity of CSF available, we suggest the use of other methods with higher yield.

title: Value of cerebrospinal fluid cytochemical examination for the diagnosis of XXXX at birth in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['Toxoplasma infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'congenital infection']

answer: @entity3251 :: (MESH:D014125,Disease) :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']


abstract: 1. In this study we hypothesized that in individuals with certain genetic makeup, @entity7389 , @entity7935 or their metabolites act as adducts and may induce programmed cell death. 2. Our study involved a group of 60 male and female subjects who were exposed to @entity7389 and @entity7935 -contaminated water concentrations up to 76 @entity8524 for @entity7389 and 14 @entity8524 for @entity7935 , for a period of 5 to 8 years. For comparison, we recruited a control group consisting of 32 healthy males and females with similar age distribution and without a history of exposure to @entity7389 or @entity7935 . 3. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of both groups were tested for the percentage of apoptotic cells and cell cycle progression using flow cytometry. 4. When apoptotic lymphocytes from exposed individuals were compared to apoptotic lymphocytes from the control group, statistically-significant differences between each mean group were detected (26.4 +/- 1.8 and 12.1 +/- 1.3, respectively), indicating an increased rate of apoptosis in 80.5% of exposed individuals (P < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney U-Test). @entity7389 and @entity7935 -induced apoptosis is attributed to a discrete block within the cell cycle progression. Because cell cycle analysis showed that in PBL from chemically-exposed individuals, between 20-50% of cells were accumulated at the S-G2/M boundaries. 5. One of the signaling molecules which mediates programmed cell death is @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ). @entity2451 was examined as one of the many molecular mechanisms for mediating cell death by @entity7389 and @entity7935 . Indeed, addition of inhibitors of @entity2451 activation @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ), to the lymphocytes of the chemically-exposed group was capable of inhibiting programmed cell death by 40%. This reversal of apoptosis almost to the control level by inhibitor of @entity2451 activation may indicate involvement of this signaling molecule in @entity7389 and @entity7935 induction of programmed cell death.

title: Abnormal apoptosis and cell cycle progression in humans exposed to methyl tertiary-butyl ether and XXXX contaminating water.

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor Kappa-B', 'NF-kappa B']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

answer: @entity7935 :: (MESH:D001554,Chemical) :: ['benzene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study whether there is any relationship between a serum @entity5 markers panel (CA19-9, CA 125, @entity787 , @entity48614 ) and the @entity5 size in @entity1 with @entity42 in reproductive age. BACKGROUND: Between January 2006-2007, 160 @entity1 were operated in the Department of Infertility, Zekai Tahir Burak @entity1 Health Hospital due to @entity42 . METHODS: The clinical data and serum @entity5 markers levels of operated @entity1 were retrieved from the records of the department. This was a retrospective study. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 (37.6 %) had high levels of CA 19-9 , twenty-seven @entity1 (19.3 %) had high CA 125 levels, eleven @entity1 (9.4 %) had high levels of @entity787 , five @entity1 (4 %) had high levels of @entity2355 and one @entity1 (0.9 %) had high @entity160 levels at the time of initial surgery. The bilaterality rate was 8.1 %. When grouping the @entity5 size as 10 cm, the mean serum levels of @entity5 markers had significantly increased by increasing the @entity5 size (p<0.05) for CA 19-9, CA 125, @entity787 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that serum CA 19-9 is probably more accurate marker than other @entity5 markers in the @entity42 . Also, the most important parameter that affects CA 19-9 elevation in the @entity48 , is the @entity5 size. As the @entity5 becomes bigger, this relationship becomes more distinct (Tab. 2, Ref. 15).

title: Tumor markers panel and XXXX size of ovarian dermoid tumors in reproductive age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dermoid cysts', 'ovarian dermoid cyst']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Homozygous @entity753 (HoFH), which affects 1 in a million individuals, leads to extremely elevated levels of @entity165 and early-onset @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess all 7 HoFH @entity1 treated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis in Norway with respect to quality of life, clinical and laboratory assessments, and cardiovascular status. METHODS: Apheresis treatment and assessment of cardiovascular status was performed at local hospitals but coordinated by the Lipid Clinic that has followed all @entity1 since diagnosis. Quality of life was evaluated by a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Results are shown as median (min-max). LDL @entity165 at diagnosis (untreated) was 704 (592-1268) mg/dL (18.2 [15.3-32.8] mmol/L). Medication was initiated at age 9 (2-35) years, and apheresis treatment at age 10 (6-44) years. Regular once-weekly apheresis combined with the maximum-tolerable doses of a @entity1780 and @entity3709 reduced LDL @entity165 to 197 (170-282) mg/dL (5.1 [4.5-7.3] mmol/L) pre-apheresis and 85 (50-108) mg/dL (2.2 [1.3-2.8] mmol/L) post-apheresis. Calculated interval mean LDL @entity165 was 162 (135-220) mg/dL (4.2 [3.5-5.7] mmol/L). Duration of apheresis treatment was 11 (1-24) years. Cardiovascular manifestations progressed in most @entity1 despite the apheresis treatment. The subjects' quality of life was comparable with that of a healthy population, with the exception of two @entity1 , who were significantly affected by @entity301 . CONCLUSIONS: Well-tolerated, once-weekly LDL apheresis achieves lower interval mean LDL @entity165 levels between apheresis treatments than previously reported for apheresis every second week. However, progressions of cardiovascular manifestations still occurred, which highlights the importance of earlier and even more aggressive treatment and follow-up in HoFH.

title: Apheresis in homozygous XXXX : the results of a follow-up of all Norwegian @entity1 with homozygous @entity753 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: 1. @entity2389 inhibits @entity413 transfer in @entity1 red cells. With @entity413 exit the inhibition is typically non-competitive, but @entity12015 exchange is competitively inhibited. 2. At 16 degrees C the inhibitory constant for inhibition of @entity10546 exchange is estimated at 1.1 X 10(-7) M while that for inhibition of @entity413 exit is 5.0 X 10(-7) M. 3. Uptake of labelled @entity2389 includes a saturable component which when correlated with the inhibition of exchange corresponds to a maximal binding of ca. 2.4 X 10(5) molecules per cell. 4. The kinetic parameters are compared with those for @entity7969 (a competitive inhibitor acting on the outside only) and @entity16802 (an inhibitor acting both inside and out). 5. Kinetic evidence suggests that @entity2389 reacts with the inside of the @entity12015 transfer system and that the anomalous inhibitory characteristics are due to the chemical asymmetry of the system. Independent evidence in support of this view is discussed.

title: Asymmetry of the @entity12015 transfer system in @entity1 erythrocytes. Comparison of the effects of @entity2389 , XXXX and @entity7969 as competitive inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-methyl glucose']

entities_list: @entity16802 :: ('MESH:D010693', 'Chemical') :: ['phloretin']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity16802 :: (MESH:D010693,Chemical) :: ['phloretin']


abstract: The objective of this study was to develop an efficient sampling strategy to predict @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) pharmacokinetics after green tea administration. Ten healthy subjects received a single 800-mg oral dose of @entity3090 administered as Polyphenon E under both fasting and fed conditions. Plasma samples were serially collected over 24 hours and @entity3090 concentrations were determined. A one-compartment model with a lag time for absorption best fit the concentration-time data. Maximum A Posteriori Bayesian (MAPB) priors were developed by simultaneously fitting pharmacokinetic parameters from both study phases. The D-optimal sampling designs were determined and Monte Carlo simulations were performed. The original model with the estimators was used to fit the simulated data with the optimized sampling schemes. Two and three optimal sampling strategies (OSS-2 and OSS-3, respectively) were developed. The median two sampling times for OSS-2 were 1.3 and 6.9 hours (fasting conditions) and 3.4 and 8.7 hours (fed conditions). The median three sampling times for OSS-3 were 0.7, 1.4, and 7.0 hours (fasting conditions) and 1.4, 3.6, and 8.7 hours (fed conditions). The predictive power of OSS-3 was greater than that of OSS-2, under both fasted and fed conditions, and both strategies had greater predictive performance under fasting conditions. The sampling schemes were accurate and precise in predicting @entity3090 oral clearance (or area under the curve with known doses), and hence exposure, under both fasting and fed conditions. The increased predictive performance for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters under fasting conditions appeared to be the result of a decreased variability in absorption.

title: Limited sampling strategies to estimate exposure to the green tea polyphenol, XXXX , in fasting and fed conditions.

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To review the experience of the Alfred Hospital in the systematic assessment of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) using @entity301 ( @entity301 ), and the subsequent management of @entity453 , in potential lung transplant recipients. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: The Alfred Hospital Lung and Heart Transplant Service. @entity1 : @entity453 risk factors were sought in potential recipients of lung transplantation (LTx) who were > 50 years old, including a history of smoking, male gender, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity951 , and a family history of @entity453 . When feasible, and in the presence of more than one cardiac risk factor, @entity301 was performed. RESULTS: From 243 referral @entity1 who were > 50 years old, 97 were listed for LTx, and 77 underwent LTx. Four @entity1 were refused LTx on the basis of @entity453 . Of 101 @entity1 undergoing a detailed cardiac assessment for LTx, 83 had smoked, 56 were male, 48 had @entity1007 , 22 had @entity101 , 4 had @entity6 , and 3 had a history consistent with @entity951 . Eighty-five @entity1 underwent @entity301 . In 32 cases, @entity301 revealed @entity453 , and half of these cases were significant stenoses. Eight @entity1 who were assessed required intervention. Five @entity1 of this group have been transplanted; of these, three @entity1 underwent coronary artery grafting at the time of LTx, and two @entity1 underwent preoperative angioplasty or stenting. Only one of these five @entity1 died < 90 days postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Significant @entity453 is a common finding in older @entity1 who are presenting for LTx. Coronary revascularization for severe large vessel stenoses can allow safe LTx. @entity453 risk factors may predict who should undergo @entity301 , but further studies of clinical and noninvasive assessments of @entity453 are needed if @entity301 is to be safely avoided in @entity1 at low risk of @entity453 .

title: XXXX in potential lung transplant recipients > 50 years old: the role of coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'coronary angiography']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary artery disease']


abstract: Many @entity1 and adolescents choose to participate in organized sports for fun and @entity410 , and to develop sports skills. However, new injury patterns are developing as the number of @entity1 and adolescents in organized sports increases--injury patterns that were not apparent when youth spent most of their sport and @entity410 time in free play. Up to one half of all injuries that are sustained by @entity1 and adolescents while playing organized sports are likely preventable. Attention to physical deficits, training methods, safety equipment, and psychological health should decrease the incidence of these injuries. As the governing bodies of specific sports develop safety guidelines for young athletes, adults involved with youth sports must become aware of these guidelines and assist with their implementation. This pronouncement addresses methods for decreasing the number and severity of these injuries. It delineates injury prevention strategies that should be included in the pre-participation examination; stresses the importance of adherence to recommended training principles; and discusses appropriate modifications of game rules and sport and @entity410 activities as needed for individuals who would likely be at risk for injury should adult rules and training methods be followed. @entity1 and adolescents should include @entity410 exercises in the training routine, rather than devoting all of each training session to the development of specific skills required for a certain sport. The @entity410 activities may be geared toward the strength, endurance, and flexibility requirements of the specific sport, but should not exclude other components of a well-rounded general @entity410 program.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Current comment from the American College of Sports Medicine. August 1993--"The prevention of sport injuries of XXXX and adolescents".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report the outcome of oral @entity6933 as the sole antiviral therapy for @entity1 with @entity7592 ( @entity7592 ). METHODS: This study reports a retrospective, interventional case series of nine consecutive @entity1 with ten eyes with newly diagnosed @entity7592 treated with oral @entity6933 as the sole antiviral agent. Eight @entity1 received oral @entity6933 2 g tid (Valtrex, GlaxoSmithKline) and one @entity1 with @entity8 received oral 1 g tid. The main outcome measures were response to treatment, time to initial response to treatment, time to complete resolution of @entity2479 , best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at final follow-up, @entity1713 and development of recurrent or second @entity2194 . RESULTS: @entity2479 resolved in ten of ten (100%) affected eyes. The median time to initial detectable response was seven days and the median time to complete resolution was 21 days. A final BCVA of 20/40 or better was achieved in 6/10 (60%) of eyes. 3/10 eyes (30%) developed a @entity1713 . No @entity1 developed either disease reactivation or second eye involvement over the course of the study (mean follow up 31 weeks, range 7 to 104 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with oral @entity6933 as the sole antiviral therapy resulted in complete resolution of @entity2479 . Final BCVA and @entity1713 rate were comparable with previously reported outcomes for intravenous @entity1033 .

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity7592 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis', 'Retinitis']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['ARN', 'acute retinal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6933 :: ('MESH:C084555', 'Chemical') :: ['valacyclovir']

answer: @entity6933 :: (MESH:C084555,Chemical) :: ['Valacyclovir']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity2353 analogues can suppress recurrent outbreaks of @entity3307 ) in wrestlers, commonly called @entity12949 . DESIGN: Double-blind and open study using @entity6933 over two wrestling seasons from 1996 through 1998. SETTING: Wrestling community in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area of Minnesota. @entity1 : Volunteer sample of 42 male wrestlers from 13 to 31 years of age. For inclusion, @entity1 had to have recurrent @entity12949 and be active in a wrestling program. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were treated during the first half of the season in a double-blind study using @entity6933 500 mg a day, and in the second half as an open study with all wrestlers using @entity6933 1,000 mg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outbreak of @entity12949 based on clinical appearance or culture. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into two groups based on time interval since primary outbreak of @entity12949 : less than 2 years or more than 2 years. For @entity1 in whom primary outbreak was less than 2 years ago, outbreaks occurred in 21% (3/14) of those receiving @entity6933 500 mg per day and 8% (2/25) of those receiving @entity6933 1,000 mg per day. For @entity1 in whom primary outbreak was more than 2 years ago, outbreaks occurred in 0% (0/7) of those receiving @entity6933 500 mg per day and 0% (0/12) of those receiving @entity6933 1,000 mg per day. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with a history of @entity12949 of more than 2 years, @entity6933 500 mg daily suppresses recurrent outbreaks. Further studies need to be performed to determine proper dosing regimen for suppression of outbreaks in @entity1 with a disease duration of less than 2 years.

title: The effectiveness of @entity6933 in preventing reactivation of XXXX in wrestlers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity12949 :: ('MESH:C536395', 'Disease') :: ['herpes gladiatorum']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1']

answer: @entity12949 :: (MESH:C536395,Disease) :: ['herpes gladiatorum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal fluid management in @entity1 with @entity647 is unknown. Diuresis or fluid restriction may improve lung function but could jeopardize extrapulmonary-organ perfusion. METHODS: In a randomized study, we compared a conservative and a liberal strategy of fluid management using explicit protocols applied for seven days in 1000 @entity1 with @entity647 . The primary end point was @entity204 at 60 days. Secondary end points included the number of ventilator-free days and organ-failure-free days and measures of lung physiology. RESULTS: The rate of @entity204 at 60 days was 25.5 percent in the conservative-strategy group and 28.4 percent in the liberal-strategy group (P=0.30; 95 percent confidence interval for the difference, -2.6 to 8.4 percent). The mean (+/-SE) cumulative fluid balance during the first seven days was -136+/-491 ml in the conservative-strategy group and 6992+/-502 ml in the liberal-strategy group (P<0.001). As compared with the liberal strategy, the conservative strategy improved the oxygenation index ([mean airway pressure x the ratio of the fraction of inspired @entity26 to the partial pressure of arterial @entity26 ]x100) and the @entity651 score and increased the number of ventilator-free days (14.6+/-0.5 vs. 12.1+/-0.5, P<0.001) and days not spent in the intensive care unit (13.4+/-0.4 vs. 11.2+/-0.4, P<0.001) during the first 28 days but did not increase the incidence or prevalence of shock during the study or the use of dialysis during the first 60 days (10 percent vs. 14 percent, P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no significant difference in the primary outcome of 60-day mortality, the conservative strategy of fluid management improved lung function and shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care without increasing nonpulmonary-organ failures. These results support the use of a conservative strategy of fluid management in @entity1 with @entity647 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00281268 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

title: Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: Long-term efficacy of @entity19006 on @entity2265 was examined in multicenter dialysis @entity1 . Outcome and efficacy after 2 years was investigated in 101 @entity1 who had undergone @entity19006 administration. Thirty-three cases dropped out by the 2-year point; @entity1 undergoing at least 2 years of administration totaled 68. Reasons for dropping out were as follows: improvement of @entity2265 , nine cases; changing hospitals, seven cases; medical complications, five cases; digestive symptoms, four cases; poor compliance, four cases; parathyroidectomy, two cases; @entity204 , two cases. The mean dosage was increased from initial daily dosage of 744   mg to 1266   mg after 1 year, and to 1246   mg after 2 years. Serum @entity1391 concentration decreased significantly from the initial 6.15   mg to 5.57   mg/dL after 1 year, and to 5.45   mg/dL after 2 years. Although a lowering trend was observed in corrected @entity460 levels, the difference was not significant. @entity461 was unchanged. Achievement rate of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) management target values for both @entity3151 and @entity460 improved from 32.7% to 50.0% after 1 year, and to 56.5% after 2 years. @entity19006 is useful as a therapeutic tool for @entity2265 over long durations.

title: Multicenter study of long-term (two-year) efficacy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19006 :: ('MESH:C119467', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum carbonate', 'Lanthanum carbonate']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['Parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity19006 :: (MESH:C119467,Chemical) :: ['lanthanum carbonate']


abstract: Psychovisual examination methods detect macular changes better and more subtly then hitherto commonly used examination methods, in particular in dynamic investigations. The authors used this method in a series of investigations of @entity6 , @entity726 and haemodialysis. The group is formed by 19 eyes of 16 @entity1 with a first attack of central @entity989 . Two thirds of the @entity1 were treated by conservative methods, one third by photocoagulation with an argon laser. The observation period was 3 months to 13 years, the mean being 3.5 years. The control group was formed by a group of healthy subjects of corresponding age. The authors proved a statistically significant (5%) reduction of the contrast sensitivity at medium spatial frequencies (6 and 12 c/dg) in @entity1 with one or several attacks of CSCHR. Statistically significant @entity1650 (5%) was proved in @entity1 with one attack of CSCHR in 20% of the @entity1 . In @entity1 with two or more attacks of the disease the authors recorded a statistically significant @entity1650 (1%) in 44% of the @entity1 . They did not reveal, using psychovisual examination methods, statistically significant differences between groups of @entity1 treated conservatively or by laser. In all cases of @entity1650 in the blue-yellow region was involved, i.e. in the region of retinal receptors.

title: [Changes in psychovisual function after central XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['impaired colour discrimination a disorder', 'deterioration of colour discrimination']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['serous chorioretinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the prognosis and prognostic factors for @entity1 with @entity1643 presenting to a private, community-based, group exercise program. METHODS: A total of 118 consecutive @entity1 with chronic @entity5752 were recruited. Baseline assessments included socio-demographic characteristics, back @entity158 history and clinical examination findings. Primary outcome measures were @entity158 intensity and disability at 3, 6 and 12  months. Potential prognostic factors to predict @entity158 intensity and disability at 12  months were assessed using a multivariate regression model. RESULTS: 112 (95  %) @entity1 were followed up at 12  months. The majority of @entity1 were female (73  %), had high educational levels (82  %) and resided in suburbs with a high socio-economic status (99  %). @entity158 intensity improved markedly during the first 6  months (35  %) with further minimal reductions up to 12  months (39  %). Interestingly, disability improved to a greater degree than @entity158 (48  % improvement at 6  months) and continued to improve throughout the 12  months (60  %). Baseline @entity158 intensity accounted for 10  % of the variance in the 1  year @entity158 outcomes. Duration of current episode, @entity717 and educational level accounted for 15  % of the variation in disability at 12  months. CONCLUSIONS: During a period of 12  months, @entity1 with chronic @entity5752 presenting to a private, community-based, group exercise program improved markedly, with greater improvements in disability than @entity158 . The predictors investigated accounted for only 10 and 15  % of @entity158 and disability outcomes, respectively.

title: Prognosis of @entity1643 in XXXX presenting to a private community-based group exercise program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['baseline disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The authors report a series of 32 @entity1171 treated by internal fixation and reviewed with a follow-up of more than 15 years. The series includes 12 fibular, 14 bimalleolar and 6 @entity1171 . Following Weber's classification, there were 4 type A, 18 type B and 10 type C @entity174 . The postoperative x-ray showed 28 anatomy reductions; shortening of the fibula from 3 to 5 mm was noted in 4 cases. Clinical results were evaluated according to Kitaoka's criteria, and radiological results according to Magnusson's criteria. Statistical analysis was made with a Chi-square test. The retrospective review at an average follow-up of 15 years showed 19 painfree ankles, normal mobility in 22 cases, absence of @entity4 in 18. The shoe-wear was normal in 30 cases. Walking had returned to normal in 23 cases but radiography showed narrowing of the tibiotalar joint line in 12 cases and lengthening of the medial malleolus in 16. Narrowing of the tibiotalar joint space was associated with lengthening of the medial malleolus in 10 cases. The objective results were rated as follows: 23 good, 8 fair, and 1 poor. With a follow-up of 15 years, we noted degenerative changes in the ankle in 37% of cases in spite of an anatomic reconstruction which had been perfect in 28. Shortening of the fibula, observed in 4 cases, was associated with subsequent ossification below the medial malleolus corresponding to avulsion of the non sutured medial collateral ligament. Nevertheless, degenerative changes of the ankle were clinically well-tolerated. The long term result of internal fixation of @entity174 was good. This was achieved only through perfect restoration of the joint anatomy. Contrary to other series, non-operative repair of the medial collateral ligament was associated with long team degenerative changes and reduced mobility of the joint. We therefore now advocate surgical repair of the medial collateral ligament.

title: [ XXXX . Predictive factors for secondary osteoarthritis. Retrospective study of 32 cases].

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures', 'trimalleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'malleolar fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Malleolar fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comparative study of @entity681 and @entity3575 on @entity2146 in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study in 80 preschool @entity1 admitted at the Pediatric Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China between March 2011 and April 2012. They underwent sevoflurane anesthesia for elective repair of @entity169 . @entity1 received a single intravenous dose of @entity681 0.15 ug/kg or @entity3575 1.5 ug/kg just before skin incision. The @entity2146 scale and the frequency of severe @entity2146 were measured. @entity1 who required additional @entity3575 during surgery and postoperative rescue @entity3575 were recorded. Recovery time and the incidence of adverse effects were assessed. RESULTS: The mean @entity2146 scores were significantly lower in the @entity681 group compared with the @entity3575 group (9.1+/-3.5 versus 12+/-3.8; 95% confidence interval [1.27+/-0.53]; p=0.001). The frequency of severe @entity2146 was 27.5% in the @entity681 group and 50% in the @entity3575 group (p=0.039). Significantly fewer @entity1 in the @entity681 group received additional @entity3575 during surgery compared to the @entity3575 group (5% versus 20%; p=0.043) and significantly fewer @entity1 in the @entity681 group received one dose of postoperative rescue @entity3575 compared to the @entity3575 group (17.5% versus 42.5%; p=0.015). The incidence of @entity391 was significantly higher in the @entity3575 group than in the @entity681 group (p=0.023). CONCLUSION: In preschool @entity1 undergoing repair of @entity169 with sevoflurane anesthesia, compared with a single dose of 1.5 ug/kg @entity3575 , 0.15 ug/kg @entity681 before skin incision can significantly decrease the incidence of @entity2146 without delaying the recovery time.

title: The effect of small dose @entity681 on @entity2146 in preschool XXXX following sevoflurane anesthesia for elective repair of @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['emergence agitation']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical utility of short-term professional continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) is uncertain. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 121 consecutive insulin-treated @entity1 seen in a university-based subspecialty clinic who completed a 72-120-h professional CGM study. Based on the indications for the study, @entity1 were divided into three groups: @entity4854 ( @entity4854 ) (n=51), widely fluctuating glycemia (Fluctuating) (n=50), or @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) (n=20). Hemoglobin A1c (A1c) was compared before and 3-6 months after CGM. @entity4053 frequency was recorded by @entity1 ' self-report. RESULTS: Among the entire cohort, the A1c level dropped a small amount (0.18%; P=0.04). In the @entity4854 group, the A1c level fell from 9.0  1.1% to 8.6  1.2% (P<0.02). In the Fluctuating group, there was no change (from 8.0  1.0% to 8.0  0.9%). The A1c level of the @entity4053 group @entity1 did not change (7.6  1.1% before and after), but 14 of 20 (70%; P<0.01) had a drop in self-reported frequency of @entity4053 . For the whole cohort, the drop in A1c level was correlated with the initial A1c value (r=0.54, P<0.01). @entity1 with an initial A1c level of >9.0% saw a drop of 0.7% (from 10.2  1.1% to 9.4  1.1%; P<0.01), and those with an A1c level of >7.5% saw a drop of 0.4% (from 8.9  1.2% to 8.5  1.1%; P=0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 had a drop in A1c level that was not statistically significant. However, type 1 @entity6 @entity1 in the @entity4053 group did have a decrease in self-reported @entity4053 (11 of 16 [68%]; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Professional CGM can lead to a lowering of elevated A1c levels in insulin-treated @entity1 , especially those with type 2 @entity6 . There also appears to be benefit in decreasing self-reported @entity4053 .

title: Benefits of short-term professional continuous XXXX monitoring in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Hypo']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyper']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: The mechanisms that cause chemoresistance in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 have yet to be clearly elucidated. @entity1311 is a tubulin-disrupting agent that binds preferentially to beta-tubulin. Tubulins are @entity3007 ( @entity3007 )-binding proteins. Beta-tubulin is a GTPase, whereas alpha-tubulin has no enzyme activity. We reasoned that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of the beta-tubulin gene could reveal more information regarding the connection between beta-tubulin mutations and primary @entity1311 resistance. @entity1 AND METHODS: Constitutional genomic DNA and paired @entity5 DNA were isolated from 49 biopsies from 43 Spanish and six American stage IIIB and IV @entity1149 @entity1 who had been treated with a 3-hour, 210 mg/m(2) @entity1311 infusion and a 24-hour, 200 mg/m(2) infusion, respectively. Oligonucleotides specific to beta-tubulin were designed for PCR amplification and sequencing of @entity3007 - and @entity1311 -binding beta-tubulin domains. RESULTS: Of 49 @entity1 with @entity1149 , 16 (33%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.7% to 45.3%) had beta-tubulin mutations in exons 1 (one @entity1 ) or 4 (15 @entity1 ). None of the @entity1 with beta-tubulin mutations had an objective response, whereas 13 of 33 (39.4%; 95% CI, 22.8% to 56%; P = 0.01) @entity1 without beta-tubulin mutations had complete or partial responses. Median survival was 3 months for the 16 @entity1 with beta-tubulin mutations and 10 months for the 33 @entity1 without beta-tubulin mutations (P =.0001). CONCLUSION: We have identified beta-tubulin gene mutations as a strong predictor of response to the antitubulin drug @entity1311 ; these mutations may represent a novel mechanism of resistance and should be examined prospectively in future trials of @entity3907 -based therapy in @entity1149 .

title: @entity1311 resistance in XXXX associated with beta-tubulin gene mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3007 :: ('MESH:D006160', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine triphosphate', 'GTP']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity1701 is characterized by venous and arterial @entity715 events that are often recurrent, @entity882 , recurrent fetal loss, and elevated titers of antiphospholipid antibodies. A subtype of @entity1 with a particularly overwhelming clinical picture has been termed @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). In this report, we present 2 @entity1 who exhibited a similar @entity66 associated with gangrenous changes in the lower extremities. METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity1701 are presented, highlighting the impact of this disorder on the @entity1 and the response to various therapeutic modalities. RESULTS: Both @entity1 had pulmonary, cardiac, cutaneous, and neurologic findings consistent with @entity1701 . In addition, they had large purulent leg @entity1066 associated with @entity12288 . Amputation of the legs in each case induced remission of the @entity262 . CONCLUSIONS: We believe that @entity281 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and amplification of the @entity1701 . In certain @entity1 , this association probably is mediated via immune mechanisms, which also enhance the genesis of @entity731 . After the foci of @entity281 (suppurative leg @entity1066 ) were removed, the underlying illness improved. These case studies provide an opportunity to study the interrelationship between several confounding factors that converge and lead to the development of this @entity792 .

title: XXXX : remission following leg amputation in 2 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome', 'antiphospholipid syndrome', 'CAPS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune condition']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: During the period from January 1973 to December 1970, 774 renal transplantations in 698 @entity1 have been performed in our Renal Unit. A total of 540 grafts have been examined both by light and immunofluorescence microscopy at least once. Recurrent @entity631 was diagnosed in 62 grafts, de novo @entity631 in 68 and allograft @entity8 (AGP) in 38. AGP was defined as a lesion affecting all glomeruli and characterized by widespread reduplication of the GBM with widening of the subendothelial space and interposition of mesangial matrix and without significant deposits by immunofluorescence. The aim of the current study is to describe the natural history of AGP and to delinate its clinical significance. At time of biopsy, an increase in serum @entity1011 was present in 30 @entity1 associated with a @entity644 > or = 1 g/day in 21. During the post-transplantation course, @entity644 was present in 29 @entity1 and associated with a @entity1985 in 10 of them. With a mean follow-up of eight years seven months, two @entity1 died, 23 lost their grafts and 13 have a functioning graft. The lesions of AGP recurred in three of the nine @entity1 who received a second graft. Thirteen of the 33 @entity1 in whom earlier biopsies were performed showed a different pattern of involvement characterized by a prominent swelling of active endothelial and mesangial cells and a hypercellularity related to the presence of mononuclear cells both in the lumens and in the mesangial areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A specific @entity8 of the graft: allograft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerulopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the association of @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor family molecules expression in @entity356 tissues with the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODS: Clinical data of 161 @entity1 with @entity356 undergoing gastrectomy in Jiangsu @entity5 Hospital between January 2006 and January 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The expression of @entity470 , @entity1722 , @entity7514 and @entity12251 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Association of the expression of HER family with the prognosis of @entity1 was examined. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival. RESULTS: High expression rates of @entity470 , @entity1722 , @entity7514 and @entity12251 were 46.0% (74/161), 10.6% (17/161),55.9% (90/161) and 68.3% (110/161) respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that high expression of @entity7514 was associated with @entity5 invasion depth, lymph node @entity3 , stage, @entity531 , and overall 4-year survival. High expression of @entity12251 was associated with @entity5 distant @entity3 and stage. High co-expression of @entity1722 and @entity7514 was associated with overall 4-year survival (P=0.023). Multivariate analysis revealed that high expression of @entity7514 and stage were prognostic independent factors. CONCLUSION: Up-regulated expression of @entity7514 is associated with the poor prognosis in @entity356 @entity1 .

title: [Clinical significance of XXXX epidermal growth factor receptor family molecules expression in @entity356 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1282 is a common but severe complication in @entity64 . New bedside tests are necessary to assess the risk of @entity1173 and avoid unnecessary alimentary restrictions but they must be completed by evaluated instruments. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the prognostic validity of the recognition of forms (rf) test related to the assessment by speech and language therapists (SLT). DESIGN: Double blinded screening tests. SETTING: Geriatric department of general hospital. SUBJECTS: 50 @entity1 with @entity64 admitted consecutively. METHODS: All @entity1 were assessed by SLT, mini mental status test, short test for assessing @entity2414 and attention and abilities of daily living-test. The rf-test was performed twice with a two week interval. RESULTS: Assessment by SLT demonstrated @entity1173 in 29 of 50 @entity1 . 18 @entity1 failed the rf-test, giving a specificity of 90% (positive predictive value 89%), a sensitivity of 55% (negative predictive value 59%). 5 of 7 @entity1 with @entity1174 failed the test. Test-retest-correlation was 0,827. Performance in the rf-test was related significantly to results of the activities of daily living-test. CONCLUSIONS: Bedside tests to exclude @entity1173 in @entity1 with @entity64 are necessary. No test so far combines high sensitivity with acceptable specificity. Compared to other bedside tests the rf-test has a high specificity while sensitivity is low. On behalf of good predictivity rf-test may be an interesting supplement to swallow tests in case of @entity64 and seems to be a candidate for more extended studies.

title: State of the art in @entity1173 assessment and the idea of a new non invasive predictive test for the risk of @entity1173 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits of memory']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Total shoulder replacement for restoration of function and for @entity158 relief of damaged glenohumeral joint accompanied by @entity5295 irreparable cuff defect. INDICATIONS: Any @entity158 shoulder @entity2720 with insufficient and irreparable rotator cuff, especially @entity2720 , @entity309 with @entity5295 rotator cuff defect, @entity2720 after reconstruction of rotator cuff, mutilating @entity309 , and crystal-induced @entity2720 . Relative: failure of primary shoulder replacement in the presence of an irreparable cuff defect. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Structural or neurogenic lesion of deltoid muscle. @entity1442 . Relative: age < 65 years. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Anterosuperior or deltopectoral approach. Exposure of glenoid. Resection of humeral head at epi-metaphyseal junction. Complete detachment of anterior, inferior, and posterior capsule from glenoid neck. Preparation of glenoid for cement-free fixation of glenoid base plate (metagl  ne). Preparation of humeral shaft for implantation of humeral component in 0-10 degrees of retroversion. Screwing of glenosphere to base plate. Insertion of cemented or cement-free modular humeral component. RESULTS: Between 10/1997 and 03/2001, a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty was done in 57 @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 ; average age 70.1 years). Average follow-up time was 18.2 months. 98% of @entity1 would agree to repeat surgery. Average Constant Score adjusted to age and gender was 94%, 97% for @entity1 not having undergone previous surgery. All @entity1 reported complete or almost complete freedom of @entity158 . On the condition that the deltoid muscle was not damaged during previous surgery, a good improvement of power and function could be obtained. All functional parameters were normal for the @entity1 's age with the exception of a slight limitation of internal rotation (average L5). The power of maintained abduction also corresponded in general to age-specific values. Only grade 1 or 2 inferior glenoid notching was observed but never reaching or surpassing the inferior screw (grade 3 or 4); no glenoid base plate loosening.

title: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of defect XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5295 :: ('MESH:D054908', 'Disease') :: ['extensive']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced glenoid destruction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['primary defect arthropathy', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['arthropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence and the relationship between @entity86 and @entity390 . DESIGN: Open-label study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Sixty-six @entity1 recovering from general anesthesia following elective ambulatory surgeries. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were tested postoperatively for @entity346 using an electronystagmography, and were monitored for @entity390 and @entity391 for the first postoperative day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A comparison of the incidence of @entity390 was made among @entity1 with and without @entity86 . RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 (36 percent) experienced postoperative @entity390 and 28 @entity1 (42 percent) had @entity346 . There were no significant differences in age, weight, height, dosage of @entity3575 , or postoperative use of narcotics between those who experienced postoperative @entity390 or had @entity346 than those who did not. A significantly greater percentage of female @entity1 compared with male @entity1 had @entity390 during the first postoperative day. Sixty percent of @entity1 with @entity346 experienced @entity390 in the hospital compared with 18 percent of the @entity1 without @entity346 (p < 0.01, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] of the difference = 11.3 to 61.3 percent). Twenty-two @entity1 (78 percent) with @entity346 experienced @entity390 during the first postoperative day compared with 14 @entity1 (36 percent) with no @entity346 (p < 0.01, 95 percent CI of the difference = 20.1 to 63.3 percent). Eighty-three percent of the nauseated @entity1 experienced @entity391 during the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity346 in the early part of recovery from general anesthesia is associated with a higher incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 during the first postoperative day.

title: @entity86 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Total arch replacement, with a long @entity7105 trunk (ET) anastomosed at the base of the innominate artery using an undersized graft, is performed for a variety of arch @entity439 . We investigated the long-term clinical outcomes of this procedure, as well as its long-term effectiveness for preventing retrograde flow into the @entity439 and further dilation of the descending aorta. METHODS: We treated 127 consecutive @entity1 with an arch @entity439 , who were divided into two groups according to the diameter of the descending aorta at the Th6-Th8 thoracic vertebral level: 35 mm or less (Single-ET, n = 94) and >35 mm (Staged-ET, n = 33). The graft diameter was undersized by 10-20% of the distal aortic diameter. ET length was determined by preoperative computed tomography (CT) to locate the distal end at Th6-Th8. @entity715 around the ET and the descending aorta diameter around the distal end of the ET were evaluated using CT. RESULTS: Two @entity1 (1.6%) died within 30 days, while seven (5.5%) died in the hospital, three (2.4%) had a new @entity64 , three (2.4%) had permanent @entity451 and one (0.8%) had paraparesis. CT demonstrated complete @entity715 of the perigraft space around the ET in 81 @entity1 (86%) in the Single-ET group and 11 (33%) in the Staged-ET group within 1 month after surgery, but not in the remaining 35 @entity1 . Twenty-seven of the 35 @entity1 without complete @entity715 underwent a subsequent second-stage operation. In those, the descending aorta showed no further dilation around the distal end of the ET, while new-onset perigraft perfusion occurred in two @entity1 in the Single-ET group at 14 and 126 months, respectively. Overall survival was 89, 86, 78 and 74% at 1, 3, 5 and 7 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our operative strategy for extensive @entity2334 using a long ET technique yielded satisfactory short- and long-term outcomes.

title: Total arch replacement with long XXXX trunk anastomosed at the base of the innominate artery: a single-centre longitudinal experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between tear film lipid layer thickness and other objective measurements such as @entity6724 ( @entity6724 ), @entity393 , and Schirmer 1 test in @entity1 with @entity409 (MGD) and normal controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Thirty eyes of 30 @entity1 with obstructive MGD and 25 eyes of 25 normal controls were enrolled. Lipid layer thickness was measured using an interferometer. @entity937 stability and tear production were evaluated by @entity6724 and Schirmer 1 test. Upper and lower meibomian gland losses were evaluated using noncontact meibography. The correlations among variables were evaluated in the obstructive MGD group and the control group. RESULTS: @entity6724 was significantly shorter in the obstructive MGD group than in the control group (P  <  .001). Upper and lower meibomian gland losses were higher in the obstructive MGD group than in the control group (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively), and lipid layer thickness was significantly thicker in the control group than in the obstructive MGD group (P  =  .028). Lipid layer thickness was significantly negatively correlated with @entity393 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lipid layer thickness objectively measured with the interferometer was significantly thicker in the control group than in the obstructive MGD group. Lipid layer thickness was negatively correlated with @entity393 in  the control group as well as in the obstructive MGD  group.

title: Correlation between quantitative measurements of tear film lipid layer thickness and meibomian gland loss in XXXX with @entity409 and normal controls.

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['TBUT', 'tear film break-up time']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['Tear film']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['upper and lower meibomian gland losses']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']