abstract: CONTEXT: Narcotics are frequently prescribed in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and are increasingly abused. Prescription monitoring programs affect prescribing by Emergency Physicians (EPs), yet little is known on how EPs interpret prescription records. OBJECTIVE: To assess how EPs interpret prescription @entity4784 history for @entity1 in the @entity341 with @entity158 conditions. DESIGN/MAIN Outcome Measures: We created an anonymous survey of EPs consisting of fictitious cases of @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with @entity615 . For each case, we provided a prescription history that varied in the number of @entity4784 prescriptions, prescribing physicians, and @entity4784 potency. Respondents rated how likely they thought each @entity1 was drug seeking, and how likely they thought that the prescription history would change their prescribing behavior. We calculated k values to evaluate interobserver reliability of physician assessment of drug-seeking behavior. RESULTS: We collected 59 responses (response rate = 70%). Respondents most suspected drug seeking in @entity1 with greater than 6 prescriptions per month or greater than 6 prescribing physicians in 2 months. Medication potency did not affect physician interpretation of drug seeking. Respondents reported that access to a prescription history would change their prescribing practice in all cases. k values for assessment of drug seeking demonstrated moderate agreement. CONCLUSION: A greater number of prescriptions and a greater number of prescribing physicians in the prescription record increased suspicion for drug seeking. EPs believed that access to prescription history would change their prescribing behavior, yet interobserver reliability in the assessment of drug seeking was moderate.

title: How do emergency physicians interpret prescription XXXX history when assessing @entity1 presenting to the emergency department with @entity158 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['narcotic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evidence about the relationship between @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) of @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity209 ( @entity209 ) in Latin American populations is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of @entity4310 of @entity66 and of @entity2299 and @entity28 with @entity209 in healthy @entity1 . METHODS: One-hundred-twenty one individuals were recruited. Waist circumference and blood pressure were measured by a trained researcher using standard techniques. Glycemia and lipid profile were determined by colorimetric assays. A survey to record personal data and family antecedents in siblings, aunts/uncles, parents, and grandparents was conducted by trained interviewers. RESULTS: Individuals having three or more familial antecedents were associated with high @entity1674 level even after adjusting by age, sedentarism, fat and @entity3363 intake, and @entity167 consumption. After adjusting for the same variables, @entity4310 of @entity2299 and @entity101 was also associated with high @entity1674 levels and elevated waist circumference, respectively. The @entity4310 of @entity64 was associated with @entity101 after adjusting for the rest of familial antecedents, and with @entity209 in all adjustment models. DISCUSSION: the findings of association of this study together with the previous reports are evidence of the importance of hereditary component as independent predictor of cardiovascular risk factors and its clustering, as well as of possible specific association patterns between @entity4310 of @entity66 and @entity209 depending on evaluated population in terms of ethnic groups and geographic region. Further studies are required in other populations, as well as exploration of genetic markers of @entity66 regarding to @entity209 . Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013.    2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Association of Self-Reported Familial History of @entity66 with @entity209 in Apparently Healthy Urban Colombian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic disease', 'CMD']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'familial history']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: 15N and 1H resonance assignments for backbone and side-chain resonances of both equilibrium forms of @entity35 ferricytochrome b5 have been obtained, using a combination of novel heteronuclear assignment transfer methods from the known assignments of the diamagnetic protein [Guiles, R. D., Basus, V. J., Kuntz, I. D., _ Waskell, L. A. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 11365-11375] and computational methods which depend on an accurate determination of the orientation of the components of the susceptibility tensor. The transfer of @entity6346 proton resonance assignments takes advantage of the apparent insensitivity of @entity6346 15N resonances to pseudocontact effects, evident in overlays of 15N-1H heteronuclear correlation spectra. @entity6346 -proton resonance assignments tentatively transferred from the known diamagnetic assignments to the paramagnetic form of the protein were confirmed using conventional assignment strategies employing 600-MHz COSY, HOHAHA, and NOESY spectra of the oxidized protein. As was observed in @entity35 ferrocytochrome b5, more than 40% of all residues exhibited NMR detectable heterogeneity due to the two different orientations of the @entity1446 . Complete assignment of both forms enabled accurate determination of the orientation of the susceptibility tensor for both conformations of the @entity1446 . The orientation of the z-component of the susceptibility tensors for the two forms are indistinguishable, while the in-plane components appear to differ by about 6 degrees. Differences in the orientation of the in-plane susceptibility components are undoubtedly due dominantly to the relative axial rotation of the @entity1446 of between 5 degrees and 10 degrees indicated by the NOESY contacts to the protein observed in the spectra of the ferrocytochrome [Guiles, R. D., Basus, V. J., Kuntz, I. D., _ Waskell, L. A. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 11365-11375; Pochapsky, T. C., Sligar, S. G., McLachlan, S. J., _ LaMar, G. N. (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 5258-5263].

title: Novel heteronuclear methods of assignment transfer from a diamagnetic to a paramagnetic protein: application to XXXX cytochrome b5.

entities_list: @entity6346 :: ('CHEBI:32988', 'Chemical') :: ['Amide', 'amide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bilateral giant inguinoscrotal hernias pose challenging psychosocial problems to the @entity1 . The engulfed phallus and @entity547 size are socially embarrassing and may make penetration during coitus increasingly difficult and uncomfortable. This paper presents a classification and the psychosocial aspects of @entity547 . METHODS: A prospective study of @entity1 with @entity547 in which the phallus was completely engulfed by the swelling, managed by this author between 2002 and 2011 in both urban and rural practice in Nigeria and Sierra Leone was reviewed and analyzed using a simple frequency distribution. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 with @entity547 were reviewed. Age range 63-86 years. Mean age 73.73 (   6.96SD) years. The reason for delayed presentation was financial constraint. Six @entity1 (54.55%) presented due to continuous refusal of coitus by their partners. Sexual satisfaction was poor in all the @entity1 (100.00%). All the @entity1 (100.00%) had poor self-esteem and poor socialization habits as a result of continuous ridicule from peers and colleagues. CONCLUSION: To improve quality of life of the elderly, there is the need for early awareness campaigns and provision of improved access to free surgical health care services particularly in rural African communities.

title: XXXX : psychosocial issues and a new classification.

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'bilateral giant inguinoscrotal hernias', 'bilateral giant inguinoscrotal hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Bilateral giant inguinoscrotal Hernia']


abstract: @entity24661 / @entity24661 (N/OFQ) is an opioid-related peptide that stimulates @entity2819 release after i.c.v. administration in non-stressed @entity35 . We employed in situ hybridization histochemistry to investigate N/OFQ-stimulated activation of the @entity2270 at the hypothalamic and pituitary level. We have demonstrated that N/OFQ-induced activation of the @entity2270 is mediated via the central N/OFQ peptide receptor (NOP) using the recently described selective NOP antagonist [Nphe(1), @entity534 (14),Lys(15)] @entity24661 / @entity24661 - @entity2733 ( @entity40456 ). We found that, at 30 min post-i.c.v. injection, N/OFQ dose-dependently increased plasma adrenocorticotrophin hormone and @entity2819 compared with the vehicle-injected controls. N/OFQ (1.0 microg) significantly increased @entity3318 mRNA but not AVP mRNA within the parvocellular hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus compared with the control group, and significantly increased @entity9210 ( @entity9210 ) mRNA in the anterior pituitary. While @entity40456 (1.0 microg) alone had no significant effect on plasma @entity2819 concentration it blocked the effect of N/OFQ (1.0 microg) on plasma @entity2819 levels when compared with N/OFQ administered alone. @entity40456 also blocked the N/OFQ-induced increase in @entity3318 mRNA and @entity9210 mRNA. These results demonstrate that centrally administered N/OFQ activates the @entity2270 via up-regulation of @entity3318 and @entity9210 mRNA and stimulation of @entity2819 release in @entity35 . Further, we have demonstrated for the first time that the selective NOP receptor antagonist @entity40456 blocks these effects indicating that N/OFQ-induced @entity2270 activation is mediated via central NOP receptors.

title: The XXXX receptor antagonist [Nphe1, @entity534 14,Lys15] @entity24661 / @entity24661 - @entity2733 blocks the stimulatory effects of @entity24661 / @entity24661 on the @entity2270 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity24661 :: ('25516(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Nociceptin', 'nociceptin', 'orphanin FQ']

answer: @entity24661 :: (25516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['nociceptin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and outcome of @entity1781 associated with thyroid-related orbitopathy. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity1781 associated with thyroid-related orbitopathy who underwent treatment for @entity1781 between January 1, 1999, and @entity3490 , 2003, were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the oculoplastic registry (electronic medical record). RESULTS: @entity1781 occurred in 20 of 595 @entity1 with thyroid-related orbitopathy (3.4%). All @entity1 received systemic @entity230 , 7 @entity1 received orbital @entity134 injections, and 2 @entity1 were treated with orbital radiotherapy. Orbital decompression was performed in all 26 orbits. Visual acuity improved from a mean of 20/150 to 20/30 (P < .001). Color vision improved from a mean of 5.2/14 to 11/14 (P = .001). The afferent @entity2300 disappeared shortly after treatment for all but 1 case, and improved in all cases. Exophthalmos decreased from 26.4 +/- 2.5 to 21.5 +/- 2.1 mm (P< .001; 95% confidence interval, 3.8 to 5.7). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1781 manifests rarely in @entity1 with thyroid-related orbitopathy. Monitoring visual acuity or afferent pupillary response may be a reliable way of assessing and monitoring @entity1781 . In this study, @entity1 had improved visual acuity and optic nerve function after a combination of medical and surgical treatment.

title: Clinical manifestations and treatment outcome of XXXX in thyroid-related orbitopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy', 'Optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic neuropathy']


abstract: @entity15157 was detected in a 7-year-old @entity1 by a routine school mass examination in April 1991. The diagnosis of renal @entity15157 was made in the affiliated hospital of the University of Tsukuba. The @entity1 developed @entity425 and gait disturbance in February 1993. Spinal fluid examination revealed a protein level of 62 mg/dl and a cell count of 4/3. Under the diagnosis of @entity5011 , he was treated with i.v. immunoglobulin and oral @entity617 . Although the therapy somewhat improved the symptoms, his muscle strength had not fully recovered at the end of the treatment. In November 1995, the @entity425 became worse; he could not go up stairs, nor stand upright on one leg. In April 1996, @entity644 was detected in a school mass examination. He was referred to the University Hospital of Tsukuba for a full renal study in March 1997. Renal biopsy revealed @entity1463 in 16 of 19 glomeruli with extensive @entity82 and mononuclear cell infiltration. A diagnosis of @entity631 was established based on the findings of spikes in PASM staining, weak IgG deposition in the glomerular capillary and subepithelial deposits by electron microscopic study. Additionally, @entity48894 was found by endocrinological examination. The diagnosis of @entity2646 was established by fibulal neuron biopsy, which revealed @entity528 and profound demyelinization. The clinical course of the present case was unlike that of the few reported cases of MGN associated with @entity2646 described in the literature. The initial renal symptom was @entity15157 , which started 5 years prior to the onset of @entity644 . Second, @entity631 was more extensive than that seen in the literature. We surmise that chronic @entity1986 of insidious onset was followed by MGN which developed subsequently, probably at the time of the start of @entity644 .

title: [Renal @entity15157 and @entity631 in @entity2646 : XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['Glucosuria', 'glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['global sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity48894 :: ('MESH:C567632', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity2646 :: (MESH:D020277,Disease) :: ['CIDP']


abstract: The eukaryotic cell division cycle is coordinated by @entity1364 -dependent kinases (CDKs), represented by a single major @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase in @entity375 ( @entity10610 / @entity11869 ) and a family of kinases ( @entity11869 to @entity45053 ) in @entity1 cells. Previously, two @entity10610 homologs, @entity10610 MsA and cdc2MsB, have been identified in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). By isolating cDNAs using a cdc2MsA probe, we demonstrate here that at least four additional @entity10610 homologous genes are expressed in the @entity8339 . Proteins encoded by the new @entity10610 MsC to cdc2MsF cDNAs share the characteristic functional domains of CDKs with the conserved and plant-specific sequence elements. Transcripts from cdc2MsA, cdc2MsB, cdc2MsC, and @entity10610 MsE genes are synthesized throughout the cell cycle, whereas the amounts of @entity10610 MsD and cdc2MsF mRNAs peak during G2-to-M phases. The translation of Cdc2MsA/B, Cdc2MsD, and Cdc2MsF proteins follows the pattern of transcript accumulation. The multiplicity of kinase complexes with cell cycle phase-dependent activities was revealed by in vitro phosphorylation experiments. Proteins bound to p13suc1-Sepharose or immunoprecipitated with Cdc2MsA/B antibodies from cells at G1-to-S and G2-to-M phase boundaries showed elevated kinase activities. the @entity10610 MsF antibodies separated a G2-to-M phase-related kinase complex. Detection of histone H1 phosphorylation activities in fractions immunoprecipitated with antimitotic @entity1364 (CyclinMs2) antibodies from G2-to-M phase cells indicates the complex formation between this @entity1364 and a kinase partner in alfalfa. The observed fluctuation of transcript levels, amounts, and activities of kinases in different cell cycle phases reflects a multilevel regulatory system during cell cycle progression in plants.

title: Cell cycle phase specificity of putative XXXX -dependent kinase variants in synchronized alfalfa cells.

entities_list: @entity8339 :: ('MESH:D057891', 'Disease') :: ['tetraploid alfalfa']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['cyclin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Articular @entity528 can develop after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Although radiological studies have identified risk factors for the progression of degenerative cartilage changes in the long term, risk factors in the early postoperative period remain to be documented. HYPOTHESIS: Cartilage lesions that are present at surgery progress to @entity528 in the early phase after ACLR. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: T1   is the spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame magnetic resonance imaging. Sagittal T1   maps of the femorotibial joint were obtained before and 1 year after ACLR in 23 @entity1 with @entity130 . Four regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on images of the cartilage in the medial and lateral femoral condyle (MFC, LFC) and the medial and lateral tibia plateau (MTP, LTP). Changes in the T1   value (milliseconds) of each ROI were recorded, and differences between @entity1 with and without @entity1844 were evaluated. The relationship between changes in the T1   value and @entity937 was also studied. RESULTS: Arthroscopy at ACLR detected @entity1844 in 15 MFCs, 7 LFCs, and 2 LTPs. The baseline T1   value of the MFC and LFC was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1844 (MFC, 40.7 ms; LFC, 42.2 ms) than in @entity1 without @entity1844 (MFC, 38.0 ms, P = .025; LFC, 39.4 ms, P = .010). At 1-year follow-up, the T1   value of the MFC and LFC was also significantly higher in @entity1 with lesions (MFC, 43.1 ms; LFC, 42.7 ms) than in @entity1 without such lesions (MFC, 39.1 ms, P = .002; LFC, 40.4 ms, P = .023, respectively). In @entity1 with @entity1844 , the T1   value of the MFC increased during the year after treatment (P = .002). There was no significant difference in the baseline and follow-up T1   value in @entity1 with or without @entity937 on each side although the T1   value of the MFC, MTP, and LFC increased during the first year after surgery regardless of the presence or absence of @entity130 . CONCLUSION: Using T1   mapping to detect minimal changes, our study demonstrated that @entity1844 are related to progressive degenerative cartilage changes during the early phase after ACLR.

title: Articular @entity1844 increase early XXXX in knees treated by anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: T1   mapping evaluation and 1-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage injury', 'cartilage lesions']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal injuries', 'ACL injuries']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['cartilage degeneration']


abstract: Alteration in crossbridge behavior and myocardial performance have been associated with @entity3999 isoenzyme composition in animal models of @entity1283 or @entity194 . In the hypertrophied @entity1 heart, myocardial performance is altered without significant changes in @entity3999 isoenzymes. To better understand this discrepancy, isometric heat and force measurements were carried out in 1) control and @entity1284 @entity1 myocardium, 2) control, pressure-overload, and @entity1378 @entity95 myocardium, and 3) control and @entity1375 @entity35 myocardium. In control @entity1 myocardium, peak isometric twitch @entity2701 was 44.0 +/- 11.7 mN/mm2, and maximum rate of @entity2701 rise was 69.2 +/- 21.0 mN/sec.mm2. In @entity1284 @entity1 myocardium, peak twitch @entity2701 and maximum rate of @entity2701 rise were reduced by 55% (p less than 0.05) and 65% (p less than 0.05), respectively. The average force-time integral of the individual crossbridge cycle, calculated by myothermal techniques, was increased by 85% (p less than 0.005) in @entity1284 @entity1 myocardium. In control and hormonally altered myocardium, both across and within species (control @entity1 , control @entity35 , control @entity95 , @entity1375 @entity35 , and @entity1378 @entity95 ), there was a close relation between the crossbridge force-time integral and the percentage of V3-type @entity3999 isoenzyme in the myocardium. However, hemodynamically altered ( @entity1284 @entity1 and pressure-overload @entity95 ) myocardium did not follow this relation. Across and within species, there were significant correlations between maximum rate of @entity2701 rise and average @entity2701 -dependent heat rate (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001) and between maximum rate of @entity2701 fall and average @entity2701 -independent heat rate (r = 0.82; p less than 0.025). Furthermore, there were close inverse relations between these heat rates and the crossbridge force-time integral. In addition, there was an inverse relation between @entity2701 -independent heat and the crossbridge force-time integral. Across and within species total @entity296 was significantly correlated with the crossbridge force-time integral (relative total heat, r = -0.84, p less than 0.02; relative total-activity related heat, r = -0.88, p less than 0.01). The present findings indicate that 1) factors separate from @entity3999 isoenzymes account for the altered crossbridge cycle in @entity1284 @entity1 and pressure-overload @entity95 myocardium, 2) changes in excitation-contraction coupling processes accompany changes in the crossbridge cycle within and across species, and 3) the force-time integral of the crossbridge cycle is a major determinant of total @entity296 .

title: Energetics of isometric force development in control and @entity1284 XXXX myocardium. Comparison with animal species.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial energy turnover']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume-overload']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Morphological changes in the spiral arteries of the placental bed have been studied in @entity1 with @entity1468 , one of the largest causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The reports show that @entity2553 and vascular endothelial injury were two major pathological conditions for @entity1468 . The aim of this study was to investigate the microvessel density of spiral arteries in the placental bed, in pregnancies complicated by @entity101 and @entity644 , and in normal pregnancies. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional survey of immunohistochemical studies on biopsies from the spiral arteries of the placental bed, among @entity1 undergoing cesarean sections for clinical and obstetrical reasons at Universidade Federal de S  o Paulo, S  o Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Placental bed biopsies were obtained during cesarean section after placenta removal, with direct viewing of the central area of placenta insertion. The microvessel density of spiral arteries was measured by immunohistochemical methods in decidual and @entity1347 , using @entity2280 antibody. RESULTS: Biopsies containing spiral arteries were obtained from 34 @entity101 pregnant @entity1 with @entity644 , and 26 normotensive pregnant @entity1 . The microvessel densities in decidual and @entity1347 of the placental bed were compared between the groups. It was observed that, with increasing blood pressure and @entity644 , the microvessel density gradually decreased. CONCLUSION: The presence of high levels of @entity101 and @entity644 may be associated with a progressive decrease in microvessel density in the placental bed.

title: Microvessel density in the placental bed among @entity1468 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial segments']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether marker(s) of systemic @entity32 detect, at an early stage of @entity656 , @entity1 who may ultimately develop severe disease. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital emergency unit. @entity1 : Thirty @entity1 with mild @entity656 (SEV0 group) and 27 with severe @entity656 . Of the latter, 11 did not develop organ failure (SEV1 group), whereas the other 16 @entity1 developed @entity1576 and 9 of them also developed @entity177 (SEV2 group). INTERVENTIONS: Blood samples were collected at admission to the hospital (T0), and at 12 hrs (T12) and 24 hrs (T24 after admission. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The plasma concentrations of @entity1904 (PCT), soluble @entity4105 (sE-selectin), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), and the serum concentration of @entity1851 (CRP) were monitored. PCT levels at T0 were significantly higher in the SEV1 group (median 0.4 ng/mL, range 0.2-2.3) and the SEV2 group (0.8 ng/mL, 0.2-73.5) than in the SEV0 group (0.3 ng/mL, 0.1-3, p < .05 and p < .001, respectively). At T12, PCT level in the SEV2 group was significantly higher than that in the SEV1 group (2.2 ng/mL, 0.2-86.6 vs. 0.4 ng/mL, 0.3-2.8, p = .05), as it also was at T24 (2.2 ng/mL, 0.4-73.3 vs. 0.5 ng/mL, 0.3-4, p < .01). Among SEV2 @entity1 , PCT concentration correlated negatively with the time elapsed between admission and the diagnosis of organ failure. At T12, sIL-2R levels of the SEV1 group (1,011 U/mL, range 334-2,211) and the SEV2 group (1,495 U/ml, range 514-4,526) both differed significantly from the SEV0 group (636 U/ml, range 356-1,678, p < .05 and p < .001, respectively) as they also did at T24. Although CRP level in the SEV1 group at T12 did not differ from the SEV0 group, the difference between SEV2 (272 microg/mL, range 46-462) and SEV0 was significant (53 microg/mL, range 5-243, p < 0.01). sE-selectin levels did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: At admission to hospital, concentrations of PCT, but not those of CRP, sE-selectin, or sIL-2R, are higher in @entity1 with severe @entity656 than in @entity1 with mild @entity788 . PCT test had sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 73% for development of organ failure. PCT may be useful to identify the @entity1 who benefit from novel therapies aimed at modifying the course of systemic @entity32 .

title: XXXX , soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and soluble @entity4105 in predicting the severity of @entity656 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: The histopathological, clinical, and radiological findings in 25 @entity1 (median age 20.5 years; range 1.7-64.2 years) with @entity7667 were assessed to correlate degree of astrocytic anaplasia and proliferative potential with recurrence or survival. Most @entity1 (64%) presented with @entity410 (median Karnofsky Performance Score 90%; range 70-100%). Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed nonspecific abnormalities. @entity5 cells were defined as heterotopic, irregularly grouped, or having more than one nucleus of bizarre shape or size. The astrocytic component was moderately anaplastic in 15 cases and highly anaplastic (HAA) in 10. Eight @entity1 had gross total resection, 11 had subtotal resection, and six underwent biopsy. Ten @entity1 (five gross total resection, three subtotal resection, two biopsy) had no further treatment, 15 underwent external irradiation, and five had adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-four @entity1 are alive 15-394 weeks (median 203.5 weeks) postoperatively; one with @entity7667 -HAA died at 65 weeks. No @entity5 recurred after gross total resection. Duration of preoperative symptoms < 1 year, greater anaplasia, and age > 30 years at diagnosis may have increased the risk of recurrence after subtotal resection or biopsy by four, three, and two times, respectively (not significant). @entity1603 labeling index (BUdR LI) was < 1% in eight non-recurring @entity5 and 1.3% in another recurring twice (second recurrence LI = 1.6%). Most @entity1 with @entity7667 have a good prognosis. After gross total resection, only observation is required. After subtotal resection or biopsy, recurrence is possible. BUdR labeling may guide further therapy.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathological study of 25 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Neoplastic ganglion']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma', 'gangliogliomas']

answer: @entity7667 :: (MESH:D018303,Disease) :: ['Gangliogliomas']


abstract: This paper reports on the variability of structural polypeptides of 53 strains of @entity3307 isolated from Italy, Uganda, South Africa, and various locations in the United States. Most strains were passaged a limited number of times at low multiplicity outside the @entity1 host; a few strains were characterized by numberous passages at variable multiplicities in cell culture and experimental animals. The @entity3323 gel electrophoresis of polypeptides from purified virions revealed seven variable polypeptides. Virion polypeptides (VP) 7, 11, 13, 14, 15.2 and 23 were present in at least two isotypic forms characterized by fast and slow electrophoretic mobilities. VP8 could not be detected in three strains. In addition, VP13, 15.2, and 23 in some strains were either absent or comigrated with other polypeptides. A variety of tests showed that the variability in electrophoretic mobility of polypeptides was reproducible and could not be attributed to artifacts of purification, solubilization, or electrophoresis. Attempts to classify the strains on the basis of electrophoretic mobility of five or all seven variable polypeptides yielded 14 and 19 groups, respectively. The bulk of the strains (41 to 53) fell into six groups. Not all possible permutations of variable polypeptides were observed. Comparison of early and late passages of laboratory strains showed that in the few instances tested the variability could not be attributed to the propagation of the virus outside the @entity1 host. Clustering of strains on the basis of country of origin was not observed. Some clustering of isolates on the basis of site of isolation was observed, and the data do suggest that further analyses of isolates for evidence of a correlation between the site of localization on the @entity1 body and the structural polypeptides might be useful. Electrophoretic characterization of structural polypeptides has the potential of becoming a powerful tool for epidemiological studies of @entity2025 .

title: Variability in the structural polypeptides of XXXX strains: potential application in molecular epidemiology.

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus 1']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex virus infections']

answer: @entity3307 :: (10298,Species) :: ['herpes simplex virus 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with the combination of @entity11730 and @entity900 in locally advanced @entity356 . METHODOLOGY: Treatment-naive @entity1 with locally advanced @entity356 were enrolled. The @entity1 received concurrent radiation (a total dose of 45 Gy: 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy) and chemotherapy. @entity11730 was given orally at 60 mg/mg   bid for 21 consecutive days with a resting period of 7 days. @entity900 was given intravenously at 70 mg/m   for 2 hours on day 1. The @entity5 response was evaluated 4-5 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy, and surgical resection was tried with curative intent if possible. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were enrolled, and all @entity1 completed the initially planned concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Clinical response rate was 88.9% (8/9). Seven (77.8%) out of 9 @entity1 underwent surgery, and an R0 resection was achieved in all of them. Pathological assessment of @entity5 regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy showed total regression in 1 @entity1 (14.3%), near total regression in 2 (28.6%), moderate regression in 3 (42.9%), and minimal regression in 1 (14.3%). Grade III/IV @entity137 included @entity417 (44.4%), @entity1398 (33.3%), and @entity882 (22.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy with @entity11730 and @entity900 is feasible and safe, and could offer an improved chance of @entity5 regression and curative resection in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity356 . Further trials with larger numbers of @entity1 are warranted.

title: A pilot study for preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy with XXXX and @entity900 for locally advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity11730 :: (5707,Gene) :: ['S-1']


abstract: Many different types of receptors couple to the inhibitory @entity6370 -binding protein (G protein) Gi. In @entity19 @entity11 cells, @entity43170 -adrenergic, m4 muscarinic, and delta-opiate receptors all use Gi as a transducer. According to the ternary complex model of receptor-G protein interactions, agonists bind to these receptors with high affinity only in their G protein-associated form. Conversely, G protein affinity for the receptor is increased by agonist binding. We have developed an extended ternary complex model in which multiple receptors couple to a single G protein and we have examined two consequences of the model theoretically and experimentally. First, the simple ternary complex model can account for the observed high and low affinity agonist binding only when G protein is limiting; however, measurements show a significant excess of G protein over receptor. Could this paradox be explained by other receptors competing for the same G protein and limiting the amount of free G protein so that high and low affinity agonist binding would be seen? Our theoretical simulations show that this does not occur unless the receptors and G protein are present in a precise stoichiometric ratio and have an extremely high affinity, such as when agonists for both receptors are present. The second prediction of this model is that binding of an agonist at one receptor should produce competition for G protein used by another receptor. If the G protein pool were limiting and freely mobile, this would result in an unlabeled agonist at one receptor decreasing binding of a radiolabeled agonist to another receptor. Experimentally, the G protein was made limiting by a partial pertussis toxin treatment. Radioligand binding to @entity43170 -adrenergic and m4 muscarinic receptors in these pertussis toxin-treated NG108-15 membranes showed no cross-talk with the delta-opiate or muscarinic receptors, which are present in excess. This could occur because the different receptors interact with structurally different G proteins (e.g., distinct beta or gamma subunits). More likely it is because of limitations of the mobility of G proteins in the membrane due to 1) attachment to structural elements, such as the cytoskeleton, 2) sequestration in lipid pools, or 3) organization into slowly exchanging supramolecular complexes. These results show that we must reexamine the assumptions of the collision coupling and ternary complex models.

title: Compartmentation of receptors and XXXX -binding proteins in @entity19 cells: lack of cross-talk in agonist binding among the alpha 2-adrenergic, muscarinic, and opiate receptors.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma-glioma']

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

answer: @entity6370 :: (CHEBI:61292,Chemical) :: ['guanine nucleotide']


abstract: A case-control study was conducted to assess the daily loading of the spine as a risk factor for acute non-specific @entity1643 (acute @entity5752 ). Acute @entity5752 is a benign, self-limiting disease, with a recovery rate of 80-90% within 6 weeks irrespective of the treatment type. Unfortunately, recurrence rates are high. Therefore, prevention of acute @entity5752 could be beneficial. The 24-Hour Schedule (24HS) is a questionnaire developed to quantify physical spinal loading, which is regarded as a potential and modifiable risk factor for acute and recurrent @entity1643 . A total of 100 cases with acute @entity5752 and 100 controls from a primary care setting were included. Cases and controls completed questionnaires regarding acute @entity5752 status and potential risk factors. Trained examiners blinded to subjects' disease status (acute @entity5752 or not) assessed spinal loading using the 24HS. The mean difference of 24HS sum-scores between groups was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). After multivariate regression analysis, previous episode(s), the 24HS and the Nottingham Health Profile were associated with the presence of acute @entity5752 . High 24HS scores, indicating longer and more intensive spinal loading in flexed position, are strongly associated with acute @entity5752 .

title: Daily spinal mechanical loading as a risk factor for acute non-specific XXXX : a case-control study using the 24-Hour Schedule.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: @entity4188 is involved in metabolizing both @entity2555 and @entity53 to potentially carcinogenic intermediates, and it is also over-expressed in @entity1 @entity5 cells. In order to investigate whether @entity3088 could specifically inhibit @entity4188 , seven @entity3088 in St. John's wort and @entity15476 were screened for their inhibition of recombinant @entity1 @entity4188 and @entity4187 . While seven @entity3088 ( @entity3091 , @entity15476 , @entity15605 , @entity3092 , @entity32545 , @entity41462 and @entity15604 ) were slightly more selective for @entity4188 EROD inhibition (K(i)s 0.06-5.96 microM) compared to @entity4187 (K(i)s 0.20-1.6 microM) the difference in K(i)s for the P450s were not significantly different. Rutin did not inhibit @entity4187 at concentrations up to 10 microM. Kinetic analyses determined that @entity15476 and @entity32545 were competitive inhibitors of @entity4188 , while @entity3092 showed mixed type inhibition. To characterize the inhibition potential of these @entity3088 , five were studied further for their ability to inhibit @entity1300 -induced EROD activity in @entity1 @entity1 @entity263 cells. @entity1 cells express constitutive and @entity1300 -inducible @entity4187 and @entity4188 mRNA. In the cells, the IC(50)s were similar to those measured for the recombinant @entity4187 except for @entity32545 . @entity3092 (IC(50): 4.1 microM), @entity15605 (3.8 microM), @entity3091 (3.0 microM) and @entity15476 (3.1 microM) caused significant inhibition of EROD activity whereas @entity32545 did not cause inhibition. Depending on their bioavailability, @entity3088 that can selectively inhibit @entity4187 enzymes may be useful as chemoprotective agents in @entity263 prevention.

title: Inhibition of @entity1 cytochrome @entity4187 enzymes by XXXX of St. John's wort.

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['myricetin']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity32545 :: ('MESH:C011164', 'Chemical') :: ['amentoflavone']

entities_list: @entity41462 :: ('MESH:C012526', 'Chemical') :: ['quercitrin']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: Advances in electrophysiological assessment with improved structural and functional neuroimaging have been very helpful in the use of surgery as a tool for drug-resistant @entity302 . Increasing interest in @entity302 surgery has had a major impact on adult @entity1 ; a refined evaluation process and new criteria for drug resistance combined with refined surgical techniques resulted in large surgical series in many centers. Pediatric surgery has lagged behind this evolution, possibly because of the diverse semiology and electrophysiology of pediatric @entity302 obscuring the focal nature of the @entity410 and frustrating the treatment of catastrophic @entity302 specific to @entity1 . Unfortunately, @entity302 is more -devastating in @entity1 than in adults as it interferes with all aspects of neural development. Nevertheless, during the last few decades, the efforts of a small number of centers with encouraging results in pediatric @entity302 surgery have motivated pediatric neurologists to gain interest. Although well behind in the number of @entity1 compared with that of adults, pediatric series are increasing exponentially. While @entity1315 is the focus of interest in adults, with almost 70 % of resections in the temporal lobe, the pediatric @entity302 spectrum is different. Resective or functional surgery techniques devoted to resistant @entity302 are the major improvements in pediatric @entity302 surgery. @entity1315 in adults has been studied extensively but only recently has begun to receive attention in @entity1 . Several aspects of @entity1315 in childhood remain unclear or controversial in terms of @entity410 semiology and its pathology. This is reflected in the surgical treatment. Information on the major contributors to a favorable outcome, such as type or extent of resection, in terms of @entity410 control and morbidity is not available as in adult @entity1315 . This chapter discusses the major discrepancies between adult and pediatric @entity1315 and outlines the current concepts in surgical treatment. The resection strategy based on the different substrates at different locations in the temporal lobe causing @entity410 is emphasized with respect to available literature.

title: Pediatric XXXX surgery: resection based on etiology and anatomical location.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy', 'Temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory -epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'extratemporal epilepsy', 'epileptic syndromes']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: Our previous studies indicate that impaired function of skeletal muscle limits the exercise tolerance of @entity1 with @entity454 who are either maintained on dialysis or undergo renal transplantation. To study the morphology of the condition, muscle biopsies were performed on eight @entity1 with @entity177 -associated @entity121 . Control samples were taken from seven healthy athletes undergoing knee surgery and from five otherwise healthy but untrained subjects. Tissues were examined by routine light and transmission electron microscopy. Histochemical staining of frozen sections for @entity3999 @entity859 triphosphatase and quantitative computer-assisted morphometry of the fiber type and size was performed. The mean (+/- SD) size for type I fibers in @entity1 was 61.2 +/- 11.8 microns, while type II fibers measured 46.7 +/- 11.4 microns. The mean percentage of type II fibers was 67% +/- 12%. These values are within the normal population range and were not different from controls. Significant changes were found on light microscopy of @entity1 samples. These included fiber splitting, internalized nuclei, nuclear knots, moth-eaten fibers, fiber degeneration and regeneration, increased content of lipid droplets, and fiber-type grouping. Electron microscopy showed a large variety of @entity854 , including mitochondrial changes, Z-band degeneration, @entity393 , and accumulation of intracellular glycogen. Ten of 12 control subjects showed no such changes; minor abnormalities were noted on both light and electron microscopy in the remaining two subjects. Muscle oxidative capacity (19.5 +/- 5.1 microL O2/min) for @entity1 with @entity454 was not different from values for those who had undergone renal transplantation, but was lower than values found in trained athletes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morphologic features of the @entity121 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['myofilament loss']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have developed a rapid method, based on lamellar body counts (LBC) on gastric aspirate, for identifying newborns who will develop @entity649 with a need for surfactant supplementation. OBJECTIVE: We set out to test whether it was possible to improve the outcome when used in a clinical trial. METHODS: We randomly assigned 380 @entity1 born at 24-29 weeks' gestation and supported with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) to receive surfactant guided either by LBC (intervention group) or increasing need for @entity26 (control group). The primary outcome was mechanical ventilation or @entity204 within 5 days. Secondary outcomes included need for @entity26 expressed by arterial to alveolar @entity26 tension ratio (a/ @entity3048 ) at the age of 6 h and need for @entity26 at day 28. RESULTS: The primary outcomes were equal (25%) in the two groups. The intervention group had higher a/ @entity3048 than the control group at 6 h, median 0.64 versus 0.52 (p < 0.01), and the subgroup with gestational age 26-29 weeks needed fewer days of @entity26 supplementation than the controls, median 2 vs. 9 days (p = 0.01), and fewer @entity1 needed @entity26 at day 28 (p = 0.04). Furthermore, there was a tendency in the intervention group towards a shorter duration of nCPAP. Too little or viscose aspirate in 23% of the cases was a limitation of the method. CONCLUSION: Using LBC test as indicator of lung maturity and early surfactant therapy in very preterm newborns, it is possible to reduce the need for @entity26 supplementation.

title: Early surfactant guided by lamellar body counts on gastric aspirate in very preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: We investigated apoptosis and the expression of @entity588 , @entity2423 , @entity1836 , and @entity589 in histological sections from 35 malignant @entity2615 and 21 metastatic @entity420 . Moreover, the expression of @entity588 , @entity2423 , @entity1836 , and @entity589 were assessed by Western blotting in nonmalignant @entity1 mesothelial cells ( @entity1 ) and seven malignant cell lines. The apoptotic index in @entity2615 was 1.07+/-1.14%. @entity1 with @entity2615 showing a high apoptotic index (> or =0.75%) had a worse prognosis (P = 0.008). @entity588 positivity was observed in only seven cases, but @entity1836 , @entity2423 , and @entity589 positivity was seen in all of them. In immunoblotting experiments, all @entity2615 cell lines were negative for @entity588 but positive for @entity1836 , @entity2423 , and @entity589 . The apoptotic index in @entity588 -negative @entity2615 was 1.25+/-1.24% and in @entity588 -positive ones, 0.47+/-0.42% (P = 0.014). The apoptotic index did not significantly associate with @entity1836 , @entity2423 , or @entity589 expression (P = 0.19, P = 0.25, and P = 0.46, respectively). No significant difference was observed in apoptosis or expression of @entity588 , @entity1836 , or @entity589 between malignant @entity2615 and metastatic @entity420 . The former, however, showed more often weak @entity2423 immunoreactivity (P = 0.01). The results show that the extent of apoptosis may influence @entity1 prognosis. @entity588 is inversely associated with the apoptotic index but is relatively infrequently expressed in malignant @entity2615 . Widespread expression of @entity1836 , @entity2423 , and @entity589 suggests that these proteins may also take part in apoptosis regulation in @entity2615 .

title: Apoptosis and expression of apoptosis regulating proteins XXXX , @entity2423 , @entity1836 , and @entity589 in malignant mesothelioma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patient', 'Met5A']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) may present with a distinct histopathological pattern characterized by the presence of predominant portal-based @entity32 (PI). We aimed at developing a new grading score for pediatric @entity1561 to be used in clinical trials that takes into account the presence of PI and the weight of histological features. METHODS: Our training set consisted of 203 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity1561 . The diagnosis of @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) was based on Brunt's criteria. Histological features were scored: steatosis (0-3), lobular inflammation (0-3), ballooning (0-2), and PI (0-2). Logistic regression analysis was performed to apply weight to each feature. The new score was called the Pediatric @entity1561 Histological Score or PNHS. The validation set consisted of 100 @entity1 with @entity1561 . RESULTS: The mean age of the initial cohort was 12.4    3.4 years and significant @entity82 ( @entity82 stage >=  2) was present in 26 @entity1 (12.8%). @entity7936 was diagnosed in 135 @entity1 with a mean NAS of 4.5    1.4. The mean PNHS in the @entity7936 group was 89    20.5 compared to 21.9    24.5 in the "not @entity7936 " group, p<0.001. PNHS correlated with the presence of @entity7936 according to the pathologist's diagnosis, better than the @entity1561 activity score (NAS), p=0.011. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of @entity7936 was 0.96 for PNHS. Similar findings were observed in the validation set with an AUC of 0.94. CONCLUSIONS: PNHS may be used for histological grading of pediatric @entity1561 with excellent correlation with the presence of @entity7936 .

title: Development and validation of a new histological score for pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['injury and portal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) established immunotherapy as an effective modality for @entity150 and remains the most effective agent for treatment. However, as a live organism it has the potential for undesirable side effects and @entity137 . This result has led to the search for other active and safer biological response modifiers. We investigated the efficacy of a mycobacterial cell wall extract (MCWE) from Mycobacterium phlei, which does not contain live bacteria, for management of @entity150 in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The requirement for an emulsified preparation was investigated with photon correlation spectroscopy to determine the stability of the bacterial fragments. A total of 61 @entity1 with histologically documented @entity189 in situ completed the study. Cell wall extract from M. phlei suspended in oil droplets to form an emulsion were instilled into the bladder at a dose of 4 mg. once weekly for 6 weeks and then monthly for 1 year. Response assessment was performed at 3-month intervals. Complete response to treatment indicated the absence of endoscopic and histological evidence of @entity189 in situ. Partial responders were those cases in which cystoscopy and biopsies were negative but cytology was suspicious for malignant cells. All other cases were considered failures. RESULTS: The need for an emulsified suspension of the cell wall extract was confirmed by the demonstration that the cell wall extract alone in urine aggregated, whereas the MCWE emulsion had remained stable. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed negative cystoscopy and biopsies in 62.5% at 12, 49.3% at 24 and 41.1% of @entity1 at 60 weeks after therapy. After this point the number of responders had remained stable. Excellent tolerance with minimal @entity137 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates clinical activity of low doses of MCWE against @entity1 @entity150 . The results observed at the dosage used in our trial are less than those observed with live BCG. However, MCWE has a better @entity137 profile and can be instilled in the presence of a disrupted urothelium. It also appears to exhibit activity in @entity1 in whom BCG has failed.

title: Mycobacterial cell wall extract for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the bladder', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ of the bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy is an established strategy for organ preservation in @entity135 . These protocols are associated with added @entity137 and need support infrastructure. Practice setup and availability of resources vary at the community level in developing countries. AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of organ-preservation strategies in different settings in developing countries. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a questionnaire-based study, questions were directed to clinicians with varied practice setups to gather information regarding infrastructure, finance, and feasibility of organ-preservation protocols and their current practice trends. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive. RESULTS: Responses from 100 clinicians with focused practice in head-neck oncology were analyzed. Sixty-one percent clinicians were practicing organ preservation for advanced @entity135 in their practice. However, 65% centers lacked sufficient infrastructure to support organ-preservation protocols. Forty percent @entity1 were treated on @entity1953 -radiotherapy machine. Fifty-nine percent of clinicians suggested that less than third of their @entity1 were fit to undergo chemoradiation and 67% believed that adherence to treatment protocol was observed in less than two-thirds of cases. Based on their experience 82% clinicians felt that only one-third @entity1 requiring salvage would actually undergo treatment. The majority of the @entity1 (68%) used personal funds for treatment and less than one-third of the @entity1 could afford complete treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The infrastructure needed to support organ-preservation protocols varies significantly between centers in developing countries. It may not be feasible to perform organ-preservation strategies in certain centers and feasibility guidelines should be made for their judicious use in developing countries.

title: Feasibility of organ-preservation strategies in XXXX in developing countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-neck cancers', 'head-neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: A hallmark of @entity101 is an increase in arterial myocyte voltage-dependent @entity141 ( @entity45669 .2) currents that induces pathological vasoconstriction. @entity45669 .2 channels are heteromeric complexes composed of a pore-forming @entity45669 .2a1 with auxiliary a2   and b subunits. Molecular mechanisms that elevate @entity45669 .2 currents during @entity101 and the potential contribution of @entity45669 .2 auxiliary subunits are unclear. Here, we investigated the pathological significance of a2   subunits in vasoconstriction associated with @entity101 . Age-dependent development of @entity101 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 was associated with an unequal elevation in a2  -1 and @entity45669 .2a1 mRNA and protein in cerebral artery myocytes, with a2  -1 increasing more than @entity45669 .2a1. Other a2   isoforms did not emerge in @entity101 . Myocytes and arteries of @entity101 spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 displayed higher surface-localized a2  -1 and @entity45669 .2a1 proteins, surface a2  -1: @entity45669 .2a1 ratio, @entity45669 .2 current density and noninactivating current, and pressure- and depolarization-induced vasoconstriction than those of @entity35 -Kyoto controls. @entity4481 , an a2  -1 ligand, did not alter a2  -1 or @entity45669 .2a1 total protein but normalized a2  -1 and @entity45669 .2a1 surface expression, surface a2  -1: @entity45669 .2a1, @entity45669 .2 current density and inactivation, and vasoconstriction in myocytes and arteries of @entity101 @entity35 to control levels. @entity101 is associated with an elevation in a2  -1 expression that promotes surface trafficking of @entity45669 .2 channels in cerebral artery myocytes. This leads to an increase in @entity45669 .2 current-density and a reduction in current inactivation that induces vasoconstriction. Data also suggest that a2  -1 targeting is a novel strategy that may be used to reverse pathological @entity45669 .2 channel trafficking to induce @entity384 in @entity101 .

title: Transcriptional upregulation of a2  -1 elevates arterial smooth muscle cell voltage-dependent @entity141 channel surface expression and cerebrovascular constriction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Genetic hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular dilation']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['genetic hypertension']


abstract: MATERIAL/METHODS: The animal experiments of coagulation therapy on the wound tissue bed during partial nephrectomy with an argon beam coagulator were performed on 16 @entity95 , which were randomly divided into 4 groups. Groups A and B had @entity432 ; the treatment time of coagulation was 4 seconds and 6 seconds, respectively. Groups C and D did not have @entity432 ; the treatment time of coagulation was 2 seconds and 4 seconds, respectively. Then 30 clinical operations of laparoscopic simple enucleation and coagulation on @entity5 bed using an argon beam coagulator were performed. RESULTS: All 16 @entity95 successfully underwent the operation. By the histological examination, the scab depth of the wound tissue bed in groups A, B, C, and D were 2.76    0.17 mm, 3.15    0.15 mm, 2.28    0.16 mm and 2.75    0.06 mm, respectively. Group A differed significantly from groups B and C (P=0.012, 0.007), and group D differed significantly from groups B and C (P=0.002, 0.002). In the clinical study, all 30 @entity1 successfully underwent the operation. The mean operative time was 182 minutes, and the mean @entity190 was 280 ml. With a median follow-up time of 37 months, neither local recurrence nor distant @entity3 was found by computerized tomography scan. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic simple enucleation and coagulation on @entity5 bed using an argon beam coagulator can be considered for treating @entity1358 . However, the indication of this procedure should be highly selected.

title: Laparoscopic simple enucleation and coagulation on @entity5 bed using argon beam coagulator for treating XXXX : an animal study followed by clinical application.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['small renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery occlusion']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['small renal cell carcinomas']


abstract: The progress in the treatment of @entity79 in lower extremities caused by @entity1462 has been reviewed, along with an analysis of our clinical material and methods of treatment, and the results of our attempts to correct lower limb length discrepancy by early and direct vascular surgery directed at the cause of the bony changes. This experience leads us to the following conclusions: 1. @entity79 in lower extremities have a hemodynamic pathogenesis. The resulting bone changes can be caused by each of the different types of @entity455 , or by a combination of them, with the resultant bone elongation or shortening due to hemodynamic and metabolic effects on the bone growth areas. 2. The recommended approach demands early, active, and causal treatment. 3. Operative techniques must be individualized and often seem unconventional because of the polymorphism of @entity455 and specific differences in their anatomic and hemodynamic features. In severe cases, vascular surgery must be combined with other non-hemodynamic operations and nonsurgical methods (eg, orthopedic surgery, embolotherapy). 4. Early and active vascular surgery in childhood allows the correction of congenital lower limb length discrepancy, as judged by late follow-up evaluation.

title: Correction of lower limbs length discrepancy in XXXX by vascular surgery performed during childhood.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital vascular-bone diseases', 'congenital vascular-bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular defects']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['congenital vascular-bone diseases']


abstract: @entity19933 ( @entity19933 ) proteins were originally described as cytokine-induced molecules involved in negative feedback loops. We have shown that @entity5740 is also a component of the insulin signaling network (). Indeed, insulin leads to @entity5740 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Once produced, @entity5740 binds to phosphorylated @entity669 960 of the @entity8277 and inhibits insulin signaling. Now we show that in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in transfected COS-7 cells insulin leads to @entity5740 @entity669 phosphorylation. This phosphorylation takes place on Tyr(204) and is dependent upon a functional @entity19933 -3 SH2 domain. Purified @entity8277 directly phosphorylates @entity5740 . However, in intact cells, a mutant of the @entity8277 , IRY960F, unable to bind @entity5740 , was as efficient as the wild type @entity8277 to phosphorylate @entity19933 -3. Importantly, IRY960F is as potent as the wild type @entity8277 to activate @entity19904 and @entity4016 . Furthermore, expression of a dominant negative form of @entity4016 inhibits insulin-induced @entity5740 @entity669 phosphorylation. As transfected Jaks have been shown to cause @entity5740 phosphorylation, we propose that insulin induces @entity5740 phosphorylation through Jak activation. Our data indicate that @entity5740 belongs to a class of @entity669 -phosphorylated insulin signaling molecules, the phosphorylation of which is not dependent upon a direct coupling with the @entity8277 but relies on the Jaks.

title: Insulin induces XXXX -3 @entity669 phosphorylation through janus-activated kinase.

entities_list: @entity19904 :: ('3716', 'Gene') :: ['janus-activated kinase (Jak) 1']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity19933 :: ('1154', 'Gene') :: ['SOCS', 'Suppressor of cytokine signaling']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity19933 :: (1154,Gene) :: ['suppressor of cytokine signaling']


abstract: @entity2003 is a term first proposed by Dubowitz to describe a subset of @entity1 affected by @entity121 with early spinal contractures as a prominent feature. While @entity2003 is a nonspecific feature, found in @entity12654 and in some @entity121 , it is also a prominent feature in a group of @entity1 with @entity19651 , where it is generally associated with stable or only slowly progressive @entity425 and early @entity1576 . Recently, the first locus for @entity3986 in association with @entity2003 was mapped to chromosome 1p35-p36 in consanguineous Moroccan, Turkish, and Iranian families. We present here a detailed phenotypic description of the @entity4310 linked to this locus, describing 4 siblings (3 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ) of Northern European-American heritage who are the offspring of a nonconsanguineous marriage. All 4 siblings were affected by @entity2421 and @entity425 in @entity950 , early @entity2003 , and @entity1635 . After initial improvement, muscle strength stabilizes or slowly declines, and @entity85 and @entity1576 supervene. Muscle biopsy in an affected @entity1 at age 9 months revealed minimal, nonspecific @entity121 , leading to a diagnosis of "minimal change @entity121 ." Muscle biopsy in his sibling, at the age of 14 years, revealed chronic and severe @entity121 (dystrophic) changes, with normal staining for laminin-2 and for proteins of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. A possible explanation for these biopsy findings is that magnetic resonance imaging of the thighs reveals stereotyped selective muscle involvement, with the selectivity more pronounced early in the disease course followed by widespread muscular signal abnormalities in the late stages of the disease. In this family, linkage to the chromosome 1p @entity2003 locus ( @entity8887 ) is supported by maximum LOD scores for several markers of 1.81 at theta = 0, representing the maximum statistical power possible for this family. In combination with the previous report, this syndrome is linked to the @entity8887 locus with a summated maximum LOD score of 6.29, and analysis of recombination events in our family narrows the previously reported @entity8887 locus to 3 centiMorgans.

title: XXXX with @entity2003 : a clinical, pathological, radiological, and genetic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'girl', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['Rigid spine syndrome', 'rigid spine syndrome', 'spinal rigidity']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['congenital muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['early scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['prominent neck weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity12654 :: ('MESH:D020389', 'Disease') :: ['Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformities']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic', 'congenital myopathies', 'myopathic changes', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity19651 :: ('MESH:C563716', 'Disease') :: ['merosin-positive congenital muscular dystrophy']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['Congenital muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data regarding the management of non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 (NSTE ACS) in Hispanic @entity1 , the largest and fastest-growing minority in the United States, are scarce. METHODS: We sought to describe the clinical characteristics, process of care, and outcomes of Hispanics presenting with NSTE ACS at US hospitals. We compared baseline characteristics, resource use, and inhospital mortality among 3936 Hispanics and 90280 non-Hispanic whites with NSTE ACS from the CRUSADE Quality Improvement Initiative. RESULTS: The regional distribution of Hispanics in CRUSADE paralleled that in the US Census. Hispanics were younger (65 vs 70 years, P < .0001) and had less @entity407 (45.4% vs 49.0%, P < .0001) but were more likely to be @entity101 (72.2% vs 67.9%, P < .0001) and @entity6 (46.5% vs 30.9%, P < .0001). Hispanics were also more likely to be uninsured (12.5% vs 5.1%, P < .001). During hospitalization, Hispanics were more often managed conservatively, undergoing stress tests more frequently (13.0% vs 10.1%, P < .0001), with less use of cardiac catheterization within 48 hours (48.7% vs 55.5%, P < .0001) or percutaneous coronary intervention (39.6% vs 46.4%, P < .0001) at any time. Hispanics received similar discharge treatments but were less frequently referred for cardiac rehabilitation (38.5% vs 49.2%, P < .0001). Adjusted inhospital mortality was similar in both groups (odds ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.72-1.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although hispanics have a different risk factor profile and are treated less aggressively during hospitalization when they present with NSTE ACS, these treatment differences do not appear to affect inhospital outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term consequences of these findings.

title: Clinical characteristics, process of care, and outcomes of Hispanic XXXX presenting with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 : results from Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina @entity1 Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Interlocking intramedullary nails are the gold standard for treating @entity174 . We compared the clinical and economic factors associated with @entity174 using either interlocking intramedullary or expandable nails. From 2000 to 2002, 53 @entity1 with 53 diaphyseal @entity174 of similar characteristics (AO/OTA 42A1-B3) were randomly and prospectively treated with either interlocking (n = 26) or expandable nails (n = 27). @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 2 years. The mean surgical duration was 104 minutes with interlocking nails and 52.9 minutes with expandable nails. Rehospitalizations were required in 12 @entity1 (46%) and reoperations were required in nine @entity1 (35%) with interlocking nails. Only one @entity1 (3%) with an expandable nail required rehospitalization and reoperation. Union was achieved after 17 weeks (mean) with interlocking nails and 11.5 weeks with expandable nails. The beneficial economic ramifications of using expandable nails were a 39% reduction in overall surgical and hospital expenses. Expandable nails showed important clinical advantages for @entity174 , and complications related to lengthy operations, reoperations, and rehospitalizations were substantially reduced. Overall treatment cost was substantially lower with expandable nails. Based on these advantages, simplicity in use, and short surgical time, we recommend an expandable nail for treating tibial (AO Type A, B) shaft @entity174 .

title: Intramedullary fixation of tibial shaft XXXX using an expandable nail.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fractures', 'tibial fracture fixation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) ( @entity45503 ), administered in an intensive 4 week regimen with dose escalation; and to provide preliminary evidence for efficacy in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: @entity1 with active @entity309 were enrolled in a 6 month, double blind, placebo controlled, dual center, dose escalation (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) study. Subjects received a total of 13 intravenous @entity45503 infusions, given on alternate days for 2 weeks and then 3 times a week for another 2 weeks. Doses of @entity288 (< or = 10 mg/day) and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (stable > or = 3 months) remained constant throughout the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was the Day 26 Paulus index, with secondary evaluations at Months 2-6. RESULTS: A total of 43 @entity1 were enrolled with 11, 10, 3, and 19 @entity1 receiving placebo or 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg of @entity45503 , respectively. There were no differences between groups after randomization and the mean baseline swollen joint count was 22.5. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a T(1/2) of 63 min and first-order kinetics with slight dose dependency, suggesting a saturable clearance process, although no accumulation was noted with repeat dosing. The Paulus 20% responses at Day 26 were 20%, 0%, and 5% for @entity1 treated with @entity45503 (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg, respectively) and 36% with placebo. For Months 2-6, the average intent-to-treat Paulus 20% responses were 21.2% for @entity45503 and 12.6% for placebo. Only @entity45503 treated subjects (19%) achieved Paulus 50% responses. @entity45503 was well tolerated. An expected and transient mean activated partial thromboplastin time increase of roughly 7 s was observed at the highest dose (2 mg/kg), as were small and clinically insignificant increases in serum @entity4417 levels. T/B cell immunophenotyping, recall antigen skin testing, and serum immunoglobulin levels revealed no significant immunosuppressive effects. CONCLUSION: This study shows that 13 @entity45503 infusions over 4 weeks are well tolerated in @entity1 with active @entity309 . Although significant efficacy was not evident at the primary endpoint (1 month), the study lacked sufficient power to draw any formal conclusions. We tested a 4-fold drug concentration range, which led to a lower area under the curve range than was therapeutic in a subsequent @entity30 trial. Any further evaluation of this well tolerated @entity2071 antisense agent should therefore be conducted at higher dosing.

title: A randomized, placebo controlled trial of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to XXXX in the treatment of severe @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been efficacious for treating @entity173 in healthy older @entity1 . However, in those @entity1 with @entity174 a widely variable prevalence of dislocation has been reported, partly because of varying durations of follow up for this specific end-point. The purpose of the present study was to determine the cumulative risk of dislocation in these @entity1 with @entity174 and to investigate if retentive cups decrease the risk of dislocation. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2005, 325 @entity1 with @entity174 underwent primary THA using a retentive (325 hips) cup. The results of these 325 acetabular cups were compared to 180 THA without retentive cups performed for neck @entity174 in the same hospital between 1995 and 2000 by the same surgical team. The mean age of the 505 @entity1 was 75 years (range 65-85). All @entity1 were followed for a minimum of five years for radiographic evidence of implant failure. The @entity1 were followed at routine intervals and were specifically queried about dislocation. The cumulative risk of dislocation and recurrent dislocation was calculated with use of the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: For @entity1 without retentive cups, the cumulative risk of a first-time dislocation was 5 % at one month and 12 % at one year and then rose at a constant rate of approximately 1 % every year to 16 % at five years. For @entity1 with retentive cups, the cumulative risk of a first-time dislocation was 1 % at one month, 2 % at one year and then did not changed at five years. There were no differences in the mortality rates or in loosening rates among the treatment groups. The rate of secondary surgery was highest in the group without retentive (10 % for recurrent dislocation) compared with 1 % in the group treated with retentive cups. In absence of retentive cups, multivariate analysis revealed that the relative risk of dislocation for female @entity1 (as compared with male @entity1 ) was 2.1 and that the relative risk for @entity1 who were 80 years old or more (as compared with those who were less than 80 years old) was 1.5. Two underlying diagnoses occurring during follow up-cognitively impaired @entity1 or @entity16 -were also associated with a significantly greater risk of dislocation in absence of retentive cup. For these @entity1 the risk was also decreased with a retentive cup. CONCLUSION: With standard cups the incidence of dislocation is highest in the first year after arthroplasty and then continues at a relatively constant rate for the life of the arthroplasty. @entity1 at highest risk are old female @entity1 and those with a diagnosis of @entity16 . Retentive cups in these @entity1 are an effective technique to prevent post-operative @entity572 .

title: The risk of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty for XXXX is decreased with retentive cups.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Social defeat is a powerful experience that often leads to drastic physiological and behavioral changes in many animal species. An example of such a change is conditioned defeat in @entity329 . The neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie such changes are not yet fully understood, however, there is evidence that the amygdala plays an essential role in behavioral and emotional responses to a variety of stressors. The goal of the present study was to determine whether GABAergic neurotransmission in the amygdala is a critical component of conditioned defeat in male @entity329 . Experiment 1 examined whether infusion of the @entity1246 (A) receptor agonist, @entity6341 (0.0, 4.4, 8.8 nmol), into the amygdala would block the acquisition of conditioned defeat. Experiment 2 examined whether infusion of @entity6341 into the amygdala prior to testing would block expression of conditioned defeat. Submissive behavior during testing was significantly reduced in animals receiving infusions of @entity6341 immediately prior to initial defeat training. Animals that received infusions of @entity6341 immediately prior to being tested with a non-aggressive intruder also displayed significantly less submissive behavior than did animals receiving vehicle control. These data indicate that infusion of @entity6341 into the amygdala can block the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat, a finding that indicates that GABAergic neurotransmission within the amygdala is involved in the acquisition and expression of fear or stress-induced behavioral changes. This is the first evidence indicating that the neural circuits involved in Pavlovian fear conditioning are also involved in more ethologically-relevant models examining stress-related behavioral plasticity.

title: Activation of XXXX (A) receptors in the amygdala blocks the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat in @entity329 .

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pharmacologic agents have been used in the prehospital setting for facilitating endotracheal intubation (ETI). The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of intravenous @entity1363 for prehospital @entity1 who require pharmacologic relaxation to facilitate ETI. METHODS: Data were reviewed retrospectively using paramedic charts from an eight-month period for a three-county state EMS system. RESULTS: There were 26,133 paramedic dispatches during the study period. Six hundred eighty-three ETIs were attempted, including 72 @entity1363 -facilitated intubations (MFIs). The most common indications for MFI were "clenched teeth," "gag," and "combativeness." Successful MFI was achieved in 45 of 72 cases (62.5%). @entity1363 -facilitated intubation was less successful for @entity130 @entity1 (41.2%) than for medical @entity1 (69.1 %) (p = 0.04). Of the 58 failed conventional ETIs that occurred during the study period, 25 (43.1%) were identified as having one or more indications for the use of MFI. Although the use of intravenous @entity1363 was effective in facilitating ETI, a high MFI failure rate (37.5%) was noted. CONCLUSION: Although it is of limited efficacy, MFI is underutilized and should be considered by medical direction as a pharmacologic adjunct to ETI in selected field @entity1 .

title: The utilization of XXXX as a pharmacologic adjunct to endotracheal intubation by paramedics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: @entity13789 ( @entity13789 ) is a product of lipid peroxidation. In the presence of @entity2469 the racemic @entity13789 readily converts to its @entity4299 , @entity48792 (EH), as a pair of diastereomers. In this study, the potential roles of @entity13789 and EH as @entity5 initiating agents were assessed. The mutagenicities of @entity13789 and EH isomers in Salmonella strains TA100 and 104 were examined. In addition, the @entity5 initiating activities of @entity13789 and EH were evaluated in bioassays involving either topical application in CD-1 @entity19 or i.p. administration in newborn CD-1 @entity19 . In the mutagenicity assays, EH isomers induced similar levels of revertants in both tester strains, although EG isomers were previously shown to react with bases in DNA with different specificity (Sodum, R.S. and Chung, F.-L., @entity5 Res., 51, 137-143, 1991). The major isomer induced approximately 20,000 revertants/mumol in TA100 and 15,000 revertants/mumol in TA104, whereas, the minor isomer induced approximately 40,000 revertants/mumol in TA100 and 20,000 revertants/mumol in TA104. @entity13789 was, however, not mutagenic under the assay conditions. In the @entity5 bioassays, EH was a weak tumorigen in CD-1 @entity19 upon topical application followed by @entity865 promotion, yielding 0.55 @entity5 / @entity19 and 40% @entity5 incidence at a total dose of 128 mumol/ @entity19 versus 0.02 @entity5 / @entity19 and 5% @entity5 incidence in the control group. Both @entity13789 and EH induced @entity96 in male @entity19 , but not in female @entity19 . However, the incidences were not statistically significant. EH administered i.p. at a total dose of 200 nmol/ @entity19 exacerbated the chronic spontaneous @entity8 in newborn CD-1 @entity19 . Although the incidence of mild @entity8 was comparable in both EH-treated and control groups, the incidence of more severe lesions in @entity19 treated with 200 nmol/ @entity19 was 21%; while it was 0% in the control group. Furthermore, two @entity19 at each dose level of EH showed a tubule profile with complex hyperplastic lining, suggestive of @entity1373 . Again, @entity13789 was not as active as EH in these bioassays. These results suggest a possible role of EH in tumorigenesis associated with lipid peroxidation.

title: @entity48792 as a potential XXXX -initiating agent of lipid peroxidation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity48792 :: ('MESH:C066899', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-epoxy-4-hydroxynonanal']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity13789 :: ('CHEBI:58968', 'Chemical') :: ['HNE', 'Trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['t-butyl hydroperoxide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: We have previously reported that low intensity microwave exposure (0.75-1.0 GHz CW at 0.5 W; SAR 4-40 mW/kg) can induce an apparently non-thermal heat-shock response in @entity2199 worms carrying @entity27764 ::reporter genes. Using matched @entity920 TEM cells for both sham and exposed groups, we can detect only modest reporter induction in the latter exposed group (15-20% after 2.5 h at 26 degrees C, rising to approximately 50% after 20 h). Traceable calibration of our @entity920 TEM cell by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) reveals significant power loss within the cell (8.5% at 1.0 GHz), accompanied by slight heating of exposed samples (approximately 0.3 degrees C at 1.0 W). Thus, exposed samples are in fact slightly warmer (by < or =0.2 degrees C at 0.5 W) than sham controls. Following NPL recommendations, our TEM cell design was modified with the aim of reducing both power loss and consequent heating. In the modified @entity575 -plated cell, power loss is only 1.5% at 1.0 GHz, and sample warming is reduced to approximately 0.15 degrees C at 1.0 W (i.e., < or =0.1 degrees C at 0.5 W). Under sham:sham conditions, there is no difference in reporter expression between the modified @entity575 -plated TEM cell and an unmodified @entity920 cell. However, worms exposed to microwaves (1.0 GHz and 0.5 W) in the @entity575 -plated cell also show no detectable induction of reporter expression relative to sham controls in the @entity920 cell. Thus, the 20% "microwave induction" observed using two @entity920 cells may be caused by a small temperature difference between sham and exposed conditions. In worms incubated for 2.5 h at 26.0, 26.2, and 27.0 degrees C with no microwave field, there is a consistent and significant increase in reporter expression between 26.0 and 26.2 degrees C (by approximately 20% in each of the six independent runs), but paradoxically expression levels at 27.0 degrees C are similar to those seen at 26.0 degrees C. This surprising result is in line with other evidence pointing towards complex regulation of @entity27764 gene expression across the sub-heat-shock range of 25-27.5 degrees C in @entity2199 . We conclude that our original interpretation of a non-thermal effect of microwaves cannot be sustained; at least part of the explanation appears to be thermal.

title: A small temperature rise may contribute towards the apparent induction by microwaves of heat-shock gene expression in the @entity2199 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis Elegans']


abstract: @entity0 is now the leading cause of @entity204 in Hispanic @entity1 (HW). Internet, e-mail, and instant text messaging may be cost-effective in educating HW about breast health and in reducing @entity0 mortality. We surveyed 905 HW @entity1 attending a free health fair about their technology use, acculturation, insurance status, mammography use, and @entity0 knowledge. Data were analyzed by t test or   (2) tests. Mean age was 51.9    14.2 years (range, 18 to 88 years). Ninety-two per cent were foreign-born. Most had completed some high school (39%) or elementary (38%) education. Most (62%) were uninsured. The majority spoke (67%) and read (66%) only Spanish. Only 60 per cent of HW older than 40 years had a recent mammogram. HW older than 40 years who had not had a recent mammogram were younger (mean 54.9    10.8 vs 58    10.4 years) and less likely to have health insurance (25 vs 44%; P < 0.001). Most HW never use the Internet (58%) or e-mail (64%). However, 70 per cent have mobile phones (66% older than 40 years), and 65 per cent use text messaging daily (58% older than 40 years, P = 0.001). In fact, 45 per cent wish to receive a mammogram reminder by text. Text messaging may be an inexpensive way to promote breast health and screening mammography use among uninsured HW.

title: Exploring potential use of internet, E-mail, and instant text messaging to promote breast health and mammogram use among immigrant Hispanic XXXX in Los Angeles County.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is an effective mode of therapy in pediatrics for the treatment of both malignant and non-malignant disorders. We compared the course of @entity1 transplanted with unrelated @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) to those transplanted with allogeneic sibling bone marrow (BM) for @entity2131 . Thirteen @entity1 with a median age of 6.3 years were transplanted for the following diseases between April 1992 and November 1997: @entity2590 , @entity2150 , @entity10792 , @entity4018 , @entity7965 , @entity2525 and @entity7063 . The stem cell source was BM in ten @entity1 and @entity1503 in three. We retrospectively examined the conditioning regimens, stem cell source and dose, days to engraftment, survival and complication rate to see whether there was a significant advantage in using one source over the other. The median time to an absolute neutrophil count > 500 per microL was 25 days for @entity1503 @entity1 and 16 days for BM @entity1 . The median time to a platelet count > 20,000 per microL was 55 days for @entity1503 @entity1 and 22 days for BM @entity1 . The 100-day mortality was 66% in @entity1503 @entity1 and 20% in BM @entity1 . The overall mortality rates were 66% and 40%, respectively. Three @entity1 died prior to engraftment. Seven @entity1 (54%) were still alive as of May 1999 with a median follow-up of 1574 days post-transplant. The @entity1 transplanted with BM had faster engraftment and lower rates of @entity2132 , 100-day mortality and overall mortality. HLA-matched sibling BM is preferred as a source but transplantation using unrelated @entity1503 is still an option in treating pediatric @entity2131 .

title: Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation using unrelated cord-blood versus matched sibling marrow in pediatric XXXX : one center's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['dyskeratosis congenita']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity10792 :: ('MESH:D029503', 'Disease') :: ['Diamond-Blackfan anemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['UCB', 'umbilical cord blood']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2131 :: (MESH:C536572,Disease) :: ['bone marrow failure syndrome']