abstract: Lyophilized type I collagen (L.C.) can stimulate wound healing by recruiting a number of different cell types (i.e. platelets and macrophages) and proteins (i.e. fibronectin). Platelets and macrophages produce locally-acting growth factors that in turn induce fibroblast and epidermal migration, angiogenesis and increase matrix synthesis. @entity6008 (C.L.U.) are the end result of @entity177 owing to @entity63 and @entity3179 . When L.C. has been used in the treatment of C.L.U. we have observed that: a) it is significantly more effective in stimulating the healing of @entity3179 when compared to @entity15850 (p less than .05), the two products being applied upon half of the same ulcer; b) in the treatment of C.L.U. due to @entity432 .C. is more effective than @entity15850 without achieving statistical significance; c) it is very effective in the treatment of C.L.U. in thalassaemic @entity1 ; d) telethermographic studies have demonstrated an increase of blood perfusion and histological studies have shown the stimulation of angiogenesis, fibropoiesis and epidermal growth; e) the application of L.C. determines the maximum obtainable increase also under conditions of proven cicatrization difficulty; and f) enzymatic degradation of L.C. has not promoted any @entity2348 and no local or generalized sensibilization phenomena have been observed. We can conclude that L.C. is a pharmacological approach to wound healing, directly interfering with cellular and non-cellular components, and significantly improves the reparative process when delayed.

title: Lyophilized type-I collagen and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15850 :: ('MESH:D003102', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocolloids']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous ulcers', 'stasis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular failure']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial obstruction L']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic leg ulcers']

answer: @entity6008 :: (MESH:D007871,Disease) :: ['chronic leg ulcers']


abstract: This article presents data from the phase I and II clinical investigations of Fludara I.V. ( @entity10771 ) ( @entity10771 ), which is the 5'-phosphorylated derivative of the novel antimetabolite, @entity3118 . The comprehensive phase I evaluation of this new antitumor agent was conducted in 51 @entity1 with advanced @entity5 and 15 additional @entity1 with @entity146 . Three separate phase I schedules of drug administration were examined. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting @entity137 on each schedule administered to @entity1 with solid @entity5 . The drug was also examined at higher doses in @entity1 with @entity1778 , and the dose-limiting @entity137 on the high-dose protocol was unacceptable: serious @entity137 . The observation of antitumor responses in @entity1 with advanced @entity1893 prompted additional phase II investigation in @entity1 with @entity1071 . The encouraging phase II data demonstrate that Fludara I.V. has promise for @entity1 with low-grade histologic subtypes of @entity1893 and @entity1072 . While interesting additional basic and clinical research projects regarding Fludara I.V. remain, it is important to expeditiously pursue approval for this drug. Adequate data exists to demonstrate that the low-dose administration of Fludara I.V. is both safe and effective. While the development of this drug has stimulated renewed interest in the clinical investigation of the chronic @entity1071 , the time for making it readily available to these @entity1 has arrived.

title: A comprehensive phase I and II clinical investigation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative malignancy', 'lymphoproliferative malignancies']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive forms of leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity10771 :: ('MESH:C042382', 'Chemical') :: ['NSC 312887', 'fludarabine phosphate']

answer: @entity10771 :: (MESH:C042382,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine phosphate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although the central nervous system has a limited capacity for regeneration after acute brain and @entity1566 , it can reveal extensive morphological changes. Occasionally, the formation of an extensive syrinx in the spinal cord can be observed that causes no or only limited signs of functional impairment. This condition creates a unique opportunity to evaluate the mismatch between substantial morphological changes and functional outcomes. We identified seven @entity1 with @entity1644 affecting the cervical cord following chronic @entity1566 (19-34 years after injury) or @entity1644 of non-traumatic origin, and anatomical syrinx dimensions (length, cross-sectional area) were determined using sagittal and axial magnetic resonance imaging scans. Motor- and sensory-pathway integrity were evaluated using electrophysiological assessments (i.e., motor, dermatomal sensory, and dermatomal contact-heat [dCHEP] evoked potentials, as well as nerve conduction studies). These were specifically compared to clinical measures of upper-limb strength and grasping performance, including three-dimensional motion analysis. Despite extensive anatomical changes of the cervical cord (on average 26% reduction of residual spinal cord area and intrusion of almost the entire cervical spinal cord), a clinically relevant impairment of upper-limb motor function was absent while only subtle sensory deficits could be detected. dCHEPs revealed the highest sensitivity by disclosing impairments of spinothalamic pathways. Comparable to that of the brain, extensive anatomical changes of the spinal cord can occur with @entity73 . The time scale of slowly-emerging morphological alterations is essential to permit an enormous capacity for plasticity of the spinal cord.

title: Preserved Sensory-Motor Function Despite Large-Scale Morphological Alterations in a Series of XXXX with @entity1644 .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'traumatic thoracic/lumbar spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['only subtle functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['holocord syringomyelia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1353 , wheezing, and decreased FEV1 with bronchodilator response are characteristic of @entity565 . However, when standard @entity565 therapy fails, a broad differential must be considered to avoid a catastrophic outcome. This article presents a case report of a 48-year-old Filipino @entity1 , who was referred for evaluation of cough, @entity1353 and wheezy respiration, changes in voice quality, nasal and palatal @entity111 , and postnasal drainage. She was found to have mold spore @entity56 and abnormal spirometry with an obstructive pattern and a 15% reversibility postnebulized @entity3045 . An initial diagnosis of @entity2023 and adult-onset @entity565 was made, and therapy was initiated which included: @entity10453 , @entity4184 , @entity5203 , and @entity46580 . Her symptoms persisted and @entity7619 was added to treat possible @entity8823 . Repeat spirometry demonstrated worsening obstruction. There was no improvement with systemic corticosteroids. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest demonstrated a left @entity3928 , obstructing 60% of the airway. Bronchoscopy revealed a @entity5 4-5 cm below the vocal cords with the appearance of @entity2347 , which was confirmed by pathology. All symptoms resolved and spirometry normalized with resection of mass and radiation therapy. @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) is an uncommon form of @entity5 that arises from salivary glands. Tracheobronchial @entity2347 typically presents with symptoms of cough, @entity1353 , and hoarseness. @entity2347 has a relatively indolent course. Standard therapy is surgical resection often followed by radiotherapy. In @entity1 who fail conventional therapies for @entity565 , it is important to consider other diagnoses to avoid fatal outcomes.

title: @entity1353 , wheezing, and airways obstruction: is it XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['paratracheal mass']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['rabeprazole']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['laryngopharyngeal reflux']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast']

entities_list: @entity46580 :: ('MESH:C009118', 'Chemical') :: ['pirbuterol']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Client education is the most important step in @entity410 management. The owner should be well informed about @entity235 @entity302 and the present limitations regarding treatment. Regular follow-up should be performed for drug monitoring, evaluation of the metabolic profile, and assessment of @entity410 frequency. Other methods of treatment may become available in the future to treat the @entity235 with @entity302 . @entity27801 , the first anticonvulsant discovered, is being reevaluated as an anticonvulsant in the @entity235 . The dose advocated is 50 mg per kg once daily. This author has no experience with this drug. @entity1246 -mimetic drugs have been shown to exert potent anticonvulsant effects against chemically and electrically induced @entity410 in @entity35 . Surgical treatment of intractable @entity302 , such as division of the corpus callosum, is being performed in @entity1 . Also in @entity1 , cerebellar stimulation is effective in controlling intractable @entity302 . Recently, acupuncture treatment has been shown to reduce @entity410 frequency in a few @entity302 @entity235 . Unfortunately, the ideal anticonvulsant drug still does not exist. Every @entity1 should be evaluated as an individual. Administration of multiple drugs should be avoided whenever possible to minimize side effects and drug interactions.

title: Clinical management of XXXX @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity27801 :: ('MESH:C039004', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium bromide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: RATIONALE: We previously identified a novel @entity563 carboxypeptidase, @entity62034 , that undergoes cleavage across all tissues where it is expressed. @entity62034 bears the signature catalytic triad found in all @entity563 carboxypeptidases, but its biological function is completely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To begin elucidating the functions of @entity62034 in vitro and in the vessel wall after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cultured smooth muscle cells were transduced with adenovirus carrying wild-type @entity62034 , a short hairpin RNA to @entity62034 , or variants of @entity62034 with mutations that disrupt the catalytic triad domain or @entity62034 cleavage. Western blotting of key growth regulators or growth and migratory responses were assessed following @entity62034 gain- or loss-of-function in smooth muscle cells. @entity1317 -induced remodeling and cell proliferation were evaluated in wild-type or newly created @entity62034 knockout @entity19 . Overexpression of wild-type or cleavage-defective @entity62034 , but not a catalytic triad mutant @entity62034 , promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in vitro. A short hairpin RNA to @entity62034 blunts endogenous growth, which is rescued on concurrent expression of @entity62034 carrying silent mutations that evade knockdown. @entity62034 protein is highly expressed in the neointima of 2 models of @entity6980 . @entity62034 -null @entity19 show decreases in medial and intimal cell proliferation as well as vessel remodeling following @entity1317 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity62034 promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in a catalytic triad-dependent, cleavage-independent manner. @entity62034 represents a new mediator of @entity6980 and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity432 .

title: Functional characterization of a putative XXXX carboxypeptidase in vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusive diseases']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular injury', 'arterial injury']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: Plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) and their major proteins--apolipoprotein (apo) AI and apo AII--are subnormal in most @entity1 with @entity3295 . However, the pathophysiology of low plasma @entity1675 and apo AII is unclear. The kinetic parameters (turnover) of HDL @entity1675 and apo AII were studied in six lean @entity1 with primary @entity2101 associated with @entity3295 and normolipidemic healthy controls. The radioactivity decay curve of 125I labelled HDL was used for assessment of kinetics. Mean plasma @entity1675 and apo AII were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in @entity1 than normals (70.4 +/- 2.7 v 106.9 +/- 7.0; 24.2 +/- 1.6 v 39.2 +/- 0.9 mg/dl, respectively). The mean fractional catabolic rates (FCR) obtained from plasma 125I-HDL, @entity1675 , apo AII radioactivity decay curves and by Berson and Yalow's method (urine/plasma radioactivity ratios) were significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in @entity1 than in controls (0.387 v 0.299; 0.391 v 0.309; 0.361 v 0.275; 0.272 v 0.207/d; respectively). The synthetic rates (SR of @entity1675 and apo AII were significantly lower in @entity1 than in controls (11.12 v 14.17 mg/kg body weight/d. p less than 0.05; 3.53 v 4.68 mg/kg body weight/d, p less than 0.05, respectively). Each @entity1 was also investigated for HDL and @entity412 metabolism immediately before and after 8 wk of @entity8445 (1200 mg/d) treatment. @entity8445 significantly increased plasma HDL @entity165 , apolipoprotein (apo) AI, and apo AII by 36%, 29%, and 38% from baseline, respectively. Plasma TG decreased by 54%. @entity8445 increased synthetic rates of @entity1675 and apo AII by 27% and 34%, respectively, without changing the FCR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: HDL metabolism in XXXX associated with @entity3295 : effect of treatment with @entity8445 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemfibrozil', 'gemfibrozil']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HDL deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3295 :: ('MESH:D006953', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2101 :: (MESH:C538394,Disease) :: ['HDL deficiency']


abstract: The use of oral corticosteroid ( @entity6862 ) drugs is advocated because of their potent anti-inflammatory effects. They also possess many potential adverse effects. No study has assessed physician prescribing practices of @entity6862 therapy in @entity913 ( @entity913 ) or college (COL) athletes. This paper reports the prescribing patterns of sports medicine physicians who used short-term @entity6862 therapy and to describe associated complications in @entity913 and COL athletes within a 24- month period. An internet link to a descriptive epidemiology survey was included in an e-mail to all members of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to examine responses. Total response rate was 32% (615/1,928). Sixty-six percent of the physicians indicated prescribing @entity6862 to both groups of athletes, while 29% reported prescribing @entity6862 to COL athletes and 5% to @entity913 athletes for @entity85 . Physicians who prescribed multiple @entity6862 regimens to the same athlete within the same season (P = 0.01) and physicians who prescribed @entity6862 to the skeletally immature athlete (P = 0.009) reported more complications than other physicians. Among the 412 physicians who did not prescribe @entity6862 in the treatment of @entity2587 induced @entity85 , 251 (61%) cited a risk of developing medical complications as the primary reason for avoiding use. The reported number of medical complications was low with no cases of @entity2530 reported for the 2-year recall period. Orthopaedic surgeons who treated @entity2587 induced @entity85 with a short-term course of oral @entity288 reported that @entity913 and college athletes benefited with few medical complications. Key pointsThirty-four percent of orthopaedic sports medicine physicians we surveyed reported prescribing a short-term course of oral @entity288 for the treatment of an @entity2587 -related @entity85 within the previous 24 months of answering the survey.The orthopaedic surgeons who treated @entity2587 induced @entity85 with a short-term course of @entity6862 reported the @entity913 and college athletes benefited from @entity6862 treatment with few medical complications.Short-term oral corticosteroid use in multiple regimens in the same athlete and in the skeletally immature athlete may pose an increased risk of medical complication.

title: Survey of short-term oral corticosteroid administration by orthopaedic physicians in college and XXXX athletes.

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['high school', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries', 'musculoskeletal injury']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['high school']


abstract: @entity2316 is the leading cause of @entity454 in western or westernised countries and the largest contributor to the total cost of @entity6 care around the world. In addition to the development of @entity2316 and @entity454 , @entity6 @entity1 with evidence of @entity633 have a much higher risk of developing @entity583 , @entity64 , severe progressive @entity989 , and @entity1897 . A cumulative incidence of @entity2316 has been documented after duration of @entity6 of at least 25 years in both type 1 and type 2 @entity6 @entity1 , although more recent studies have demonstrated a substantial reduction of its incidence. Before the onset of overt @entity644 , there are several renal functional changes, including renal hyperfiltration, hyperperfusion, and increasing capillary permeability to macromolecules. Basement-membrane thickening and mesangial expansion have long been recognized as pathological hallmark of @entity2316 . It has been postulated that @entity2316 occurs as a result of the interplay of metabolic and haemodynamic factors in the renal microcirculation. Hyperglycaemia plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 , but genetic factors are also of crucial importance. The accumulation of advanced glycosilation end products (AGEPs), the activation of isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) and the acceleration of the @entity3650 reductase pathway may explain how hyperglycaemia damages vessels. Growth factors (i.e. @entity2533 , @entity442 , @entity7 ) may also play an important role in the pathogenesis. There is a familial clustering of @entity2316 : a number of gene loci have been investigated to try to explain the genetic susceptibility to this complication. The two main treatment strategies for prevention of @entity2316 are improved glycaemic control and blood pressure lowering, particularly using drugs such angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Many potential treatment modalities in preventing and treating @entity2316 are presently being evaluated; some of them will possibly be available in the near future in order to try to modify the natural course of kidney involvement and disease in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Kidney involvement and disease in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic kidney disease', 'diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral and autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Definition of the changes in the activators of plasminogen, @entity2290 and @entity3479 , and examination of the possible generation of @entity1351 in the circulation in overwhelming @entity295 . DESIGN: Serial blood analysis starting 4 h after development of symptoms of @entity137 . SETTING: Intensive care unit. @entity1 : A previously healthy @entity1 underwent endometrial ablation and rapidly thereafter developed staphylococcal @entity137 with organ failure. MEASUREMENT AND RESULT: @entity3479 , @entity2289 , @entity3479 - @entity2289 complexes, plasminogen, @entity2002 and @entity1351 -alpha 2-antiplasmin complexes were measured serially by ELISA and free @entity2290 by @entity214 -PAGE with zymography. The onset of symptoms was accompanied by a rise of @entity3479 antigen-followed rapidly by @entity2289 antigen. @entity1351 -alpha 2-antiplasmin complex was generated in large amounts but disappeared within hours. From day 3, free @entity2290 was detectable in the circulation without @entity1351 generation. CONCLUSION: Despite the sustained presence of active @entity2290 in the circulation and of @entity3479 antigen at the onset of symptoms, @entity1351 -alpha 2-antiplasmin generation was largely suppressed by high levels of @entity2289 . The suppression of @entity1351 generation by @entity2290 and @entity3479 may ensure the persistence of fibrin in the microcirculation and so contribute to organ failure.

title: Fibrinolytic changes in a @entity1 with XXXX ; release of active @entity2290 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic shock syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a multisystemic @entity32 of unknown etiology that is sometimes associated with @entity715 . However, the mechanism of @entity49 is not known. In this study, we investigated whether @entity3562 , being a well-known risk factor for @entity715 , is also a contributing risk factor to venous and arterial @entity715 of @entity195 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with @entity195 and 40 healthy subjects were included in the study. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity455 . Serum @entity1255 levels were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. RESULTS: In male @entity1 , the frequency of @entity455 was significantly higher than in females (46.7% vs 13.3%, P < 0.05). Serum @entity1255 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity195 than healthy controls (P < 0.01), in @entity1 with @entity455 than those with mucocutaneous involvement (P < 0.01) and healthy controls (P = 0.001), and in male @entity1 than in female @entity1 (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in @entity1255 levels between the @entity195 @entity1 with mucocutaneous involvement and healthy subjects. In multiple regression analysis, serum @entity1255 level was independently associated with @entity715 (odds ratio 1.29, P < 0.01), but male sex was not. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests that elevated serum @entity1255 levels may play some role in the development of venous and arterial @entity715 in @entity195 .

title: Serum @entity1255 level is higher in @entity195 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular involvement']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular involvement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) enzyme expression, its regulation by @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), and the role of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in proteoglycan degradation in @entity1 osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. METHODS: Samples of @entity1 @entity1844 , meniscus, synovial membrane, and osteophytic fibrocartilage were obtained at knee arthroplasty and cultured ex vivo with or without @entity1356 and COX inhibitors. COX expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The enzymatic activity of COX was measured by conversion of @entity1426 to @entity1421 . Cartilage degradation was evaluated by measuring the accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the medium. RESULTS: @entity1356 induced robust expression of @entity3840 and @entity1421 in OA meniscus, synovial membrane, and osteophytic fibrocartilage explants, whereas low levels were produced in @entity1844 . @entity1356 also induced cartilage proteoglycan degradation in OA synovial membrane-cartilage cocultures. Increased proteoglycan degradation corresponded to the induction of @entity3840 protein expression in, and @entity1421 production from, the synovial membrane. @entity619 , neutralizing @entity1356 antibody, or the selective @entity3840 inhibitor, @entity32912 , attenuated both the @entity1356 -induced @entity1421 production and cartilage proteoglycan degradation in these cocultures. The addition of @entity1421 reversed the inhibition of proteoglycan degradation caused by @entity32912 . CONCLUSION: @entity1356 -induced production of @entity3840 protein and @entity1421 was low in @entity1844 compared with that in the other OA tissues examined. @entity1356 -mediated degradation of cartilage proteoglycans in OA synovial membrane-cartilage cocultures was blocked by the selective @entity3840 inhibitor, @entity32912 , and the effect of @entity32912 was reversed by the addition of exogenous @entity1421 . Our data suggest that induction of synovial @entity3840 -produced @entity1421 is one mechanism by which @entity1356 modulates cartilage proteoglycan degradation in OA.

title: @entity3840 -dependent XXXX modulates cartilage proteoglycan degradation in @entity1 osteoarthritis explants.

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['OA articular cartilage']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: A 7-year survey of the outcome of pregnancy complicated by @entity6 , carried out at the Aarhus center, is presented. The material comprised 344 @entity6 pregnant @entity1 where the control was based mainly on a centralized ambulant regime. The latter half-period was moreover based on self-monitoring of the blood @entity413 level. This achieved a significantly better blood @entity413 regulation, with a reduction of the mean blood @entity413 level from 7.9 to 6.4 mmol/l. Furthermore, the introduction of self-monitoring halved the number of hospitalizations necessary for blood @entity413 regulation. Pregnancy was complicated in about 35%. The importance of screening for @entity293 is emphasized, since this, which was present in 20% of cases, might be a possible factor in @entity1270 and/or intra-uterine @entity851 . In 19% of the vaginal births it was deemed necessary to give instrumental assistance; 5% had @entity1266 . The cesarean section frequency was 31%. The antenatal mortality rate was 1.2% and the uncorrected perinatal mortality was 3.5%, half of the neonatal mortality was due to fatal @entity600 . About half of the newborn babies required immediate intensive neonatal treatment. Because of the high frequency of complications in pregnant @entity6 , during childbirth and in the neonatal period, centralized monitoring by a highly specialized team is necessary in order to maintain the present relatively low perinatal mortality and morbidity rates and the low number of cesarean sections, together with the most convenient control regimen for this highly pathological group. Furthermore, centralization will facilitate research which, together with prepregnancy consultation, may reduce the frequency of @entity2241 .

title: @entity6 and pregnancy. A seven-year material of pregnant XXXX , where control during pregnancy was based on a centralized ambulant regime.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1266 :: ('MESH:D004420', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dystocia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['major fetal malformations']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the antitumor activity of @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) in @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity1204 who have failed prior chemotherapy. To determine the nature and degree of @entity137 of @entity1311 in this group of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1311 was administered as a 3-h infusion at an initial dose of 200 mg/m(2) every 21 days or 175 mg/m(2) for @entity1 with prior pelvic radiation therapy. Dose modifications were based on nadir @entity137 , both hematologic and nonhematologic, and were accomplished by dose level adjustments. The dose levels were 200, 175, 135, and 110 mg/m(2). @entity1 were evaluable for response after receiving one dose of @entity1311 and living 3 weeks. They were evaluable for @entity137 after receiving any @entity1311 . RESULTS: Of the 44 @entity1 evaluable for response, three @entity1 (6.8%) achieved a complete response and nine @entity1 (20.5%) had a partial response for an overall response rate of 27.3%. The 95% confidence interval for the true response rate was 15-42.8%. The median number of courses of @entity1311 to response was 2 (range: 1-4) and the median response duration was 4.2 months. The median overall survival was 10.3 months. Of 48 @entity1 evaluable for @entity137 , 28 experienced at least one episode of grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 , with one treatment-related @entity204 . There were four @entity1 who developed grade 3 @entity2359 in this group of previously treated @entity1 , most of whom had received @entity900 -containing chemotherapy. There was virtually no @entity1370 and only 3 of 48 @entity1 experienced grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 is an active agent in the treatment of @entity1204 in @entity1 who have had prior chemotherapy.

title: Activity of @entity1311 as second-line chemotherapy in XXXX : a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Antibody against purified @entity291 @entity59907 was raised in @entity95 , and the polyclonal antiserum was tested to determine its ability to inhibit the hemoglobinolytic activity of the @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) from adult @entity2042 and its effect upon in vitro cultured @entity380 schistosomules. The 100,000 g supernatant fraction ( @entity2246 ) from lyophilized adult worms was preincubated with antiserum and subsequently incubated with hemoglobin. Hemoglobinolytic activity was determined by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoretic procedures. Five hours of incubation failed to diminish hemoglobin concentration in experimentals, whereas controls treated with preimmune serum displayed hemoglobin degradation. @entity14622 inhibited hemoglobin degradation. Western blot analysis of the @entity2246 revealed a broad band of activity at approximately 45 kDa. Schistosomules incubated in vitro either in the antiserum or pepstatin and subsequently exposed to host erythrocytes showed a marked inhibition of digestive activities. Although structural changes were not evident in the gastrodermis, some perturbation of the tegument was observed. Schistosomules fed host erythrocytes and postincubated in the antiserum displayed increased tegumental perturbation and extensive alteration of the gastrodermis, including dilation of cisternae and membrane disruption. Schistosomules exposed to preimmune serum were normal in all respects.

title: @entity2042 : immunoinhibitory studies on hemoglobin digestion using heterologous antiserum to XXXX @entity59907 .

entities_list: @entity14622 :: ('MESH:C031375', 'Chemical') :: ['Pepstatin']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['CEP', 'crude enzyme preparation']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of using suspension sutures to relieve obstructed nasal breathing caused by @entity849 . SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS: A nonrandomized pilot study of postrhinoplasty @entity1 presenting with symptoms of obstructed nasal breathing was conducted in a private facial plastic surgery practice. All @entity1 demonstrated @entity849 with a positive Cottle maneuver, clinically evident nasal @entity340 , and lack of response to efforts at reduction in turbinate size. Follow-up ranged from 7 to 12 months. Four @entity1 aged 31 to 58 years (mean age, 43 years) and 5 @entity1 aged 26 to 52 years (mean age, 39 years) were included in this study in a 1-year period. The nasal valve was suspended with 2 permanent sutures on each side, which were tunneled within the facial soft tissue to an infraorbital incision to lateralize the nasal valve complex and relieve nasal @entity1224 . Subjective self-assessment data for nasal airflow were collected. Preoperative and postoperative observation and photographic analysis provided objective data. RESULTS: All @entity1 exhibited improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Relief of @entity849 can be achieved with suspension suture technique as described. It is effective and, in our experience, has been the most predictable means of achieving improvement in nasal obstruction secondary to @entity849 .

title: Correction of XXXX with lateral suture suspension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['nasal valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve collapse']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['nasal valve stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Somatic mutations of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) are closely associated with an objective response to @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, it is difficult to obtain sufficient @entity5 samples from @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), so these diagnoses are often made using cytology procedures alone. The aim of this study was to detect @entity470 mutations in transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) samples using both direct sequencing and a highly sensitive assay (Scorpions Amplified Refractory Mutation System; DxS; Manchester, UK) [ARMS], and to compare the sensitivity of these methods. METHODS: We enrolled 94 @entity1 (63 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 ) with @entity1149 in this study. Cytologic diagnoses were @entity420 (n = 58), @entity957 (n = 24), and other types of @entity1149 (n = 12). We extracted DNA from the TBNA samples, and @entity470 mutations were analyzed using both direct sequencing (exons 19 and 21) and the Scorpions ARMS method ( @entity61083 and @entity9512 ). RESULTS: Mutations were detected in 31 @entity1 (33%; 14 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ). Of these, 23 @entity1 had @entity420 , 4 had @entity957 , and 4 had other types of @entity1149 . Direct sequencing detected 13 mutations (14%) in 13 @entity1 ( @entity61083 , n = 6; @entity9512 , n = 7), and the Scorpions ARMS method detected 27 mutations (29%) in 27 @entity1 ( @entity61083 , n = 16; @entity9512 , n = 11 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Both methods detected @entity470 mutations in TBNA samples, but Scorpions ARMS is more sensitive than direct sequencing.

title: Detection of XXXX mutation in transbronchial needle aspirates of @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Present data on discriminative and normative validity for the @entity2414 Screen (MIS) in a cross-sectional validation study within a @entity303 -clinic setting using a Spanish adaptation of the MIS. Assess its usefulness as a screening instrument for @entity2414 related to primary @entity74 , foremost @entity195 ( @entity195 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 403 subjects, including 188 demented subjects according to DSM-IV criteria (119 of which presented @entity195 according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria) and 215 controls, over 50 years. The MIS, a four word memory test using a specific encoding technique and scoring on a 0-8 range, formed part of the neuropsychological workup, but it was not used for diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values positive ( @entity2286 ) and negative (NPV) were calculated for the MIS against the gold-standard of clinical diagnosis by two blinded clinicians. ROC curves for the discrimination between demented subjects and controls, and @entity195 subjects and controls were plotted. RESULTS: Control subjects were significantly younger and better educated than the demented samples (p<0.001). No sex differences could be established. ROC curves demonstrated excellent discriminative validity of the MIS 402 for @entity303 on a whole (0.944) and even better for @entity195 (0.978). The MIS presents satisfying results regarding sensitivity and specificity as well as @entity2286 for different base rates, but the most effective cut-off score lies at < or = 4 points. For all demented subjects this cut-off represents a sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.96; for @entity195 results are 0.86 and 0.96. More importantly, @entity2286 values are above 0.65 for assumed base rates of 10% and more. Negative predictive values are almost 1 for all assumed base rates. CONCLUSION: The Spanish version of the MIS reliably differentiates between normal and demented subjects. Nevertheless one has to consider the setting of the study when interpreting the results. The use of the S-MIS seems to be justified as first level @entity303 screening tool.

title: [Spanish version of the XXXX Screen (MIS): normative data and discriminant validity].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dementing disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems', 'Memory Impairment']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['Memory Impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Judaism's positive attitudes toward @entity1 with disabilities would influence greater willingness towards inclusion of such @entity1 in regular classes and a greater sense of self-efficacy in working with them. METHODS: The present authors compared religious (n = 175) and secular (n = 420) Jewish students at a teacher's college with regard to these variables. The authors used the Regular Education Initiative questionnaire, which investigates teachers' self-efficacy and attitudes towards including pupils with different types of disabilities in regular education. They analysed the results according to the college students' major and the type of disability (five types at three levels of severity). RESULTS: The results indicate that religious students are more willing than non-religious students to consider the inclusion of @entity1 with four types of disabilities and have a greater sense of efficacy for dealing with all types of disabilities. The hypothesis that the milder the disability, the higher would be the teacher's sense of self-efficacy and her/his willingness for such @entity1 to be included in a regular class was sustained. The religious special education students were the only ones who exhibited willingness to include pupils with @entity717 , and moderate and severe @entity132 . Students who majored in special education scored higher than all their counterparts on both measures. The results also sustain the hypothesis that there would be a positive correlation between both measures. CONCLUSIONS: To facilitate inclusive education amongst teachers and students, the present authors recommend an intervention programme designed to help students acquire knowledge and strategies about inclusion. They also suggest enriching this programme with Jewish religious sources, which reflect positive attitudes toward @entity1 with disabilities.

title: Religious and secular students' sense of self-efficacy and attitudes towards inclusion of pupils with XXXX and other types of needs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disturbances']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A Swiss study recently reported surgery as a potential risk factor for developing @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ). It was sought to establish this in the Finnish adult population. METHODS: @entity1 over 16 years of age who received a diagnosis of @entity5011 in 2004-2013 were identified from the @entity1 register of Turku University Hospital and their @entity1 records were analyzed to identify possible triggers. RESULTS: A cohort of 69 adult @entity1 with @entity5011 (63.8% @entity1 ) was identified giving an annual incidence of 1.82/100,000. Of these, four (5.8%) had experienced a surgical procedure during the preceding 6 weeks with a relative risk of 6.28 (95% confidence interval 4.15-9.47, P < 0.001) compared with the general study population or a risk of 1.25/100,000 operations. No difference between genders was found. Only two (2.9%) @entity1 had received a vaccination [one against seasonal @entity683 (P = 0.888) and one against pandemic @entity683 (Pandemrix(  ), GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium, relative risk 2.85, 95% confidence interval 1.27-6.38, P = 0.011)] during the preceding 6 weeks. The most common @entity5011 triggers identified were @entity1729 in 30 cases (43.5%) and @entity1902 in 16 cases (23.2%) whilst two @entity1 (2.9%) had had both. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of @entity5011 in the adult population of southwestern Finland was similar to previous studies worldwide and the most common triggers were @entity1729 and @entity1902 . Surgery was a rare risk factor and of vaccinations only the one against pandemic @entity683 raised the risk of @entity5011 .

title: The incidence and triggers of adult-onset XXXX in southwestern Finland 2004-2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: A wide range (69) of mutant @entity526 alkaline phosphatases with single @entity535 substitutions at positions from -5 to +1 of the signal peptide were obtained for studying protein processing as a function of the primary structure of the cleavage region. Amber suppressor mutagenesis, used to create mutant proteins, included: (i) introduction of amber mutations into respective positions of the phoA gene; and (ii) expression of each mutant phoA allele in @entity526 strains producing amber suppressor tRNAs specific to Ala, @entity2569 , @entity7647 , @entity367 , @entity4022 , His, Leu, Lys, @entity815 , Pro, Ser and Tyr. Most @entity535 substitutions at positions -3 and -1 resulted in a complete block of protein processing. These data give new experimental support for the "-3, -1 rule". Only Ala, @entity4022 and Ser at position -1 allowed protein processing, and Ala provided the highest rate of processing. The results revealed the more conservative nature of the @entity1522 at the -1 position of signal peptides of Gram-negative bacteria as compared with those of eukaryotic organisms. Position -3 was less regular, since not only Ala, Ser and @entity4022 , but also Leu and @entity2569 at this position, allowed the processing. Mutations at position -4 had an insignificant effect on the processing. Surprisingly, efficient processing was provided mainly by large @entity535 residues at position -2 and by middle-sized residues at position -5, indicating that the processing rate is affected by the size of @entity535 residues not only at positions -1 and -3. Conformation analysis of the cleavage site taken together with the mutation and statistical data suggests an extended beta-conformation of the -5 to -1 region in the signal peptidase binding pocket.

title: Processing of XXXX alkaline phosphatase: role of the primary structure of the signal peptide cleavage region.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis is a commonly used method for the study of mRNA expression throughout the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research. This technology is simple and sensitive; however the results may vary significantly due to the use of various reference genes (RGs) as normalizers. Therefore, the reliable use of RGs is vital for obtaining accurate results. The present study focuses on ten putative RGs for the normalization of qPCR data between @entity1 bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and fetal tissue-derived MSCs (FT-MSCs). The total RNA from these two types of MSC was isolated using @entity26661 reagent. cDNA was generated from the RNA via reverse transcription and subsequently analyzed by qPCR using ten common RGs as normalizers. These RGs included 18S, @entity14875 , @entity2262 , @entity9996 , @entity7501 , @entity11567 , @entity7408 , @entity28886 , @entity19590 and @entity19088 . GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software were used to analyze the qPCR results by evaluating the expression stabilities of the ten candidate RGs in BM-MSCs and FT-MSCs. Consequently, several of the commonly used RGs, including 18S, @entity14875 and @entity11567 , were demonstrated to be unsuitable for normalization in these two MSCs, whereas @entity19088 , @entity2262 and @entity7408 were the most stable RGs and were therefore reliable for use in qPCR studies. Combining multiple RGs had no contribution towards increasing their stabilities. In conclusion, the present study revealed that @entity19088 , @entity2262 and @entity7408 were the optimal RGs for qPCR studies comparing BM-MSCs and FT-MSCs.

title: Identification of optimal reference genes for quantitative PCR studies on XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The role of @entity7690 in treating @entity943 was studied in 43 @entity1 with this disorder. Of these @entity1 , 23 had @entity301 , 5 had @entity340 , and 15 had no demonstrable @entity299 . @entity1 underwent acute drug testing with 20 mg @entity7690 (phase 1) followed by maintenance therapy (phase 2) for 3 days (20 to 80 mg daily). Efficacy during both phases was evaluated by ambulatory monitoring and treadmill exercise testing. During acute drug testing, 50% of te @entity1 responded. A concordant response between acute drug testing and phase 2 monitoring was seen in 81% (p less than 0.005) of @entity1 and between acute drug testing and phase 2 exercise testing in 88% (p less than 0.005). @entity943 was suppressed during the phase 2 exercise test in 53% of @entity1 ; these included 80% of the @entity1 without @entity299 and 50% of those with @entity301 (not significant). During phase 2 monitoring, 60% of @entity1 without @entity299 responded vs. 25% with @entity301 (not significant). Side effects occurred in 12 @entity1 (28%). These included @entity712 (3 @entity1 ); @entity1295 , lightheadedness, and @entity22 (2 @entity1 each); @entity390 , @entity400 , urinary retention, and @entity5143 (1 @entity1 each); and aggravation of @entity943 (7 @entity1 ). It is concluded that although @entity7690 alone is marginally effective for treating @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity301 , it appears to be more valuable in those without @entity299 , especially when @entity943 is provided by exercise. Acute drug testing proved highly predictive of the results with maintenance therapy and is a valuable rapid-screening procedure for identifying potential responders to @entity7690 .

title: XXXX for @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'Arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity7690 :: (MESH:D010869,Chemical) :: ['Pindolol']


abstract: The sensitivity of quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) was compared with that of conventional EEG in @entity1 with acute @entity64 . In addition, a correlation between quantitative EEG data and computerized tomography (CT) scan findings was carried out for all the areas of lesion in order to reassess the actual role of EEG in the evaluation of @entity64 . Sixty-five @entity1 were tested with conventional and quantitative EEG within 24 h from the onset of @entity16 , whereas CT scan was performed within 4 days from the onset of @entity64 . EEG was recorded from 19 electrodes placed upon the scalp according to the International 10-20 System. Spectral analysis was carried out on 30 artefact-free 4-sec epochs. For each channel absolute and relative power were calculated for the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands and such data were successively represented in colour-coded maps. Ten @entity1 with extensive lesions documented by CT scan were excluded. The results indicated that conventional EEG revealed abnormalities in 40 of 55 cases, while EEG mapping showed abnormalities in 46 of 55 cases: it showed @entity854 in five cases and @entity854 in one of six cases which had appeared to be normal according to visual inspection of EEG. In a further 11 cases, where the conventional EEG revealed abnormalities in one hemisphere, the quantitative EEG and maps allowed to further localize abnormal activity in a more localized way. The sensitivity of both methods was higher for frontocentral, temporal and parieto-occipital cortical-subcortical @entity1188 than for basal ganglia and internal capsule lesions; however, quantitative EEG was more efficient for all areas of lesion in detecting cases that had appeared normal by visual inspection and was clearly superior in revealing @entity854 . When we considered the electrode related to which the maximum power of the delta frequency band is recorded, a fairly close correlation was found between the localization of the maximum delta power and the position of lesions documented by CT scan for all areas of lesion excepting those located in the striatocapsular area.

title: Evaluation of acute ischemic XXXX using quantitative EEG: a comparison with conventional EEG and CT scan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['nonfocal abnormalities', 'focal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the anatomical alterations of the pancreas required for transplantation on pulsatile insulin secretion. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreas transplantation involves anatomical changes that have unknown consequences on @entity413 homeostasis. Pancreas transplant @entity1 are free of exogenous insulin requirements, yet appear to have @entity3190 . The effect of surgical alterations on posttransplant insulin release is not completely known, specifically with regards to possible alterations in patterns of pulsatile release. METHODS: Pulsatile and invariant basal insulin secretion was studied in normal @entity235 (n = 4) and three @entity235 models of the anatomical alterations of pancreas transplantation: 70% partial pancreatectomy (PPX, n = 4), partial pancreatectomy with splenocaval venous diversion (SC, n = 4), and partial pancreatectomy with remnant autotransplantation (PAT, n = 4). Plasma insulin kinetics were determined for each @entity235 , and then blood sampled at 1-minute intervals in a fasted and IV @entity413 -stimulated state twice to delineate the time structure of insulin secretion by multiple parameter deconvolution analysis utilizing @entity235 -specific insulin half-lives. RESULTS: Fasting plasma @entity413 concentrations in each group were similar, but all surgical groups were @entity1602 with IV @entity413 challenge. Secretory pulse amplitude was decreased with decreased beta cell mass (PPX), partially normalized with systemic insulin release (SC), and further normalized with denervation (PAT). Interpulse interval and pulse duration were increased in all surgical groups when stimulated. Denervation of PAT resulted in a threefold increase in fasting basal invariant insulin secretion. Stimulated basal insulin secretion is inconsequential. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3190 and apparent insulin insensitivity after pancreas transplantation may be due to increased less potent basal secretion in the fasting state and less frequent, less discrete pulsatile insulin secretion in the simulated state.

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX following pancreas transplantation: altered pulsatile versus Basal insulin secretion and the role of specific transplant anatomy in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'endogenous hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['hyperinsulinemia']


abstract: Previous studies have shown several similarities between an @entity172 -regulated @entity1457 protein of 24,000-28,000 daltons ( @entity2284 ), and a cytoplasmic @entity172 receptor-associated protein of 27,000-29,000 daltons ( @entity54916 ). These proteins have been studied by monoclonal antibodies generated in different laboratories. In the present report we have performed immunocytochemical and immunoblot studies to explore if the monoclonal antibodies against @entity2284 ( @entity24214 ) and against @entity54916 (ER-D5) may be identifying the same protein. @entity0 and normal endometrial samples were examined by immunocytochemistry (in mirror sections and by double-immunostaining). Identical @entity2284 and @entity54916 immunostaining intensity, distribution, and percentage of stained cells was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. The antigens examined by the two antibodies appeared in the same cells. Cytosols from @entity5 analyzed by the Western blot technique revealed that the @entity24214 and the ER-D5 antibodies recognized bands with identical electrophoretic mobility. Immunoprecipitation studies with one antibody, @entity24214 , followed by Western blot showed that the precipitate was reactive with both antibodies. Identical @entity24214 and ER-D5 reacting spots were observed after blotting proteins separated by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In addition, @entity54916 protein was induced by @entity1457 in the @entity172 receptor negative MDA-MB-231 @entity1 @entity0 cell line. These results strongly suggest that the two proteins under investigation are identical.

title: Immunological evidence for the identity between the @entity2284 XXXX -regulated @entity1457 protein and the @entity54916 @entity172 receptor-associated protein in breast and endometrial cancer.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast and endometrial carcinomas', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: We performed laparoscopic ovarian biopsies in 17 of 19 cases with @entity11157 . Primordial follicles were found in three cases, corpora albicanti in two, and epithelial-lined cysts in two cases. Chromosome analysis revealed a normal 46XX karyotype in 15 @entity1 , 46XY in two, 45XO in one, and 46XO/46XX mosaicism in one @entity1 . Immunofluorescence studies were performed on ovarian tissue obtained by laparoscopic biopsy in 12 cases with @entity11157 . Blood serum was analyzed for circulating anti-ovary and other autoantibodies in all 12 cases. Circulating autoantibodies were found in the serum of six @entity1 , but not in healthy controls. Direct immunofluorescence was positive in 5 of 12 ovarian tissue samples with predominantly vascular wall staining. Indirect immunofluorescence was positive in 10 of 12 cases; antibodies reacting with ovarian stromal components were present in eight cases, antibody reacting with follicular epithelium was present in one case, and antibodies reacting with nuclear antigens were present in five cases. Two of the patients had anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies, and one had antitesticular antibody. We conclude that a significant number of @entity1 with @entity2670 have serologic and biopsy findings suggestive of and consistent with @entity792 , even though there are no overt clinical manifestations of @entity792 .

title: XXXX in @entity11157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['Autoimmunity']


abstract: Whereas the efficacy of cold water cooling of @entity1641 has been demonstrated by several studies, the dynamics of temperature changes within and between compartments (primarily muscle, blood [core], skin and deep core [rectal]) have not been investigated. Changes in body temperature associated with cold water cooling were investigated in the hyperthermic @entity1641 . Muscle (TMU), pulmonary artery ( @entity865 ), rectal (TREC), tail-skin (TTSK) and coat surface (TCOAT) temperatures, were monitored continuously in 5 Thoroughbred @entity1641 during and after exercise in hot humid (30 degrees C and 80% RH) conditions on a treadmill. @entity1641 were cooled in the hot humid environment with cold water (approximately 6 degrees C) for 6 30 s periods. Between each 30 s cooling period the @entity1641 stood for 30 s. A total of 180 l of cold water was applied. @entity1641 were monitored for a further 4 min following the final cooling period. From the end of exercise to the end of the final cooling (6.5 min), mean (+/- s.e.) rates of decrease for TTSK and @entity865 were similar (0.8 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C/min, respectively). The effects on TMU and TREC were less marked, with average rates of 0.2 +/- 0.1 and 0.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C/min, respectively. During the first 4 min of cooling, @entity865 fell during the 30 s period of water application and rose during each 30 s period of standing. When @entity865 fell below approximately 36.5 degrees C, these variations were suppressed and @entity865 rose steadily, despite continued applications; TREC and TMU continued to fall, although less rapidly than before. These observations are consistent with the onset of skin vasoconstriction at low @entity865 . The mechanism is mediated through a cooling of circulating blood volume providing a greater capacity for heat transfer between muscle and circulation. Intermittent application of cold water (approximately 6 degrees C) improves heat removal without apparent deleterious effects and is well tolerated. Even when @entity2332 develops (based on @entity865 ), muscle and rectal temperatures continue to fall.

title: Post exercise changes in compartmental body temperature accompanying intermittent cold water cooling in the hyperthermic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horse', 'horses']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: A total of 327 @entity1 were included in a play-the-winner (PTW)-designed study comparing the safety of prophylaxis with enoxaparin and dextran-70 in @entity1 undergoing digestive surgery. In a PTW-designed study the treatment of any next @entity1 will depend on the outcome of the previous one. If successful, the next @entity1 will receive the same treatment. @entity548 , on the basis of specified criteria, severe adverse effects, or occurrence of clinically detected @entity1211 was classified as failure. The PTW design allocates most @entity1 to the superior treatment. In this study 200 @entity1 were given enoxaparin and 127 dextran-70. The success rate was 83% in the enoxaparin group and 74.8% in the dextran-70 group (p = 0.05). The survival analysis of 'Number of @entity1 before change in treatment' shows a significant difference in favour of enoxaparin (p = 0.05). Enoxaparin seems to be superior to dextran-70 as a prophylaxis in digestive surgery. The PTW model is a suitable design in such studies.

title: Safety of enoxaparin and dextran-70 in the prevention of XXXX in digestive surgery. A play-the-winner-designed study.

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive bleeding']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity2727 ( @entity14501 ), or @entity2727 , is a psychostimulant that is prescribed for an extended period of time to @entity1 and adolescents with @entity71 . Adolescence is a time of critical brain maturation and development, and the drug exposure during this time could lead to lasting changes in the brain that endure into the adulthood. Circadian rhythms are 24 h rhythms of physiological processes that are synchronized by the master-clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, to keep the body stable in a changing environment. The aim of present study is to observe the effect of repeated @entity14501 exposure on the locomotor diurnal rhythm activity patterns of female adolescent Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 using the open field assay. 31 female adolescent SD @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, 0.6 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg @entity14501 group. On experimental day 1, all groups were given an injection of saline. On experimental days 2-7, animals were injected once a day with either saline, 0.6 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg @entity14501 , and experimental days 8-10 were the washout period. A re-challenge injection was given to each animal on experimental day 11 with the similar dose as the experimental days 2-7. The locomotor movements were counted by the computerized animal activity monitoring system. The data were analyzed statistically to find out whether the diurnal rhythm activity patterns were altered. The obtained data showed that repeated administrations of 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg @entity14501 were able to change the locomotor diurnal rhythm patterns, which suggests that these @entity14501 doses exerts long-term effects.

title: Does repetitive @entity2727 injection produce long-term effects on SD female adolescent XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'Ritalin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Recent data suggest that postbypass and postoperative @entity741 are related to adverse cardiac outcome following myocardial revascularization. Therapeutic trials to suppress @entity86 are warranted. Because anesthetics can suppress a variety of physiologic responses to stress as well as @entity741 intraoperatively, we examined whether use of intensive @entity1337 in the stressful postoperative period could decrease @entity86 . In 106 @entity1 undergoing elective myocardial revascularization, we standardized the anesthetic prior to bypass ( @entity681 5-10 micrograms/kg [induction] and 4.2-6.0 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 [infusion] supplemented with up to 0.5 mg/kg of @entity3175 ). During bypass, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity1286 (group M, n = 54, up to 2 mg/kg) or @entity681 (group S, n = 52, 1 microgram/kg and 1 microgram.kg-1.h-1). In the intensive care unit (ICU), group M received low-dose @entity1337 ( @entity1286 1-10 mg intravenously every 30 min, average dose = 2.2 +/- 2.1 mg/h), while group S continued to receive intensive @entity1337 (infusion of @entity681 at 1 microgram.kg-1.h-1). Both groups received supplemental midazolam in the ICU (group M = 1.1 +/- 1.1 mg/h; group S = 0.6 +/- 0.6 mg/h; P = 0.01). All analgesic and sedative-hypnotic medications were discontinued at 18 hours following myocardial revascularization. Using continuous two-channel electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring (CC5 and CM5), we documented and characterized ECG changes consistent with @entity63 during the preoperative, intraoperative (pre- and postbypass), and postoperative (on- and off-treatment) periods. The total ECG monitoring time was 8,486 h, averaging 81 h per @entity1 . During the prebypass (anesthetic control) period, groups M and S had a similar incidence, but group S episodes were more severe: maximum ST-segment change (median), S versus M: -1.8 mm versus -1.4 mm (P = 0.04). During the postbypass period, both groups had a similar incidence of @entity63 , but episodes in group S were less severe: maximum ST-segment change, S versus M: -1.8 mm versus -2.7 mm (P = 0.0005). During the ICU-on-therapy period, the incidence of @entity63 episodes was less in group S @entity1 , and the severity was less: area-under-the-ST-time curve, S versus M: -21 mm.min versus -161 mm.min (P = 0.05). After discontinuation of the drug regimen in the ICU, the incidence and severity of @entity63 episodes was similar. The incidence of @entity551 , @entity101 , and @entity591 was similar in both groups in both the intraoperative and ICU periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Postoperative @entity741 . Therapeutic trials using intensive @entity1337 following surgery. The Study of Perioperative XXXX (SPI) Research Group.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: Increased attention has recently been directed at the possibility that the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy might be elaborated by alteration of T-cell reactivity. However, there is no general agreement among different investigators regarding the effect of immunotherapy on Th-cell reactivity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 nonatopic subjects and 76 @entity1 with @entity9590 (18 untreated @entity1 and 58 @entity1 on immunotherapy) were cultured in the absence and in the presence of a major @entity8786 allergen, Der f 1, and the levels of IgE, interleukin-5 ( @entity225 ), interferon-gamma ( @entity379 ) and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) in the culture supernatants were determined. The difference between the absence and presence of Der f 1 was calculated to consider the Der f 1-dependent synthesis of IgE, @entity225 , @entity379 and @entity310 . The levels of Der f 1-dependent synthesis of IgE, @entity225 and @entity310 were significantly higher in the untreated group than in the nonatopic group, whereas Der f 1-dependent synthesis of @entity379 was significantly lower in the untreated group than in the nonatopic group. Immunotherapy decreased the enhanced Der f 1-dependent synthesis of IgE, @entity225 and @entity310 , and further decreased the suppressed Der f 1-dependent synthesis of @entity379 as the therapy proceeded. The levels of Der f 1-dependent synthesis of IgE and @entity225 did not differ between nonatopic individuals and @entity1 whose duration of immunotherapy was 10 or more years. The levels of Der f 1-dependent synthesis of IgE and @entity225 , but not of @entity379 and @entity310 , were correlated significantly with the levels of symptom scores. In addition, the levels of Der f 1-dependent synthesis of IgE and @entity225 , but not of @entity379 and @entity310 , differed significantly between good and poor responders. In conclusion, immunotherapy for @entity9590 may possibly work via induction of tolerance or anergy of both @entity1198 - and Th2 cells. However, our study is likely to support a view that the mechanisms responsible for the clinically beneficial effects of immunotherapy principally involve the tolerance of Th2- rather than @entity1198 cells. In addition, suppression of IgE synthesis is also likely to be linked to the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for @entity9590 .

title: Immunotherapy suppresses both XXXX and Th2 responses by allergen stimulation, but suppression of the Th2 response is a more important mechanism related to the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for @entity9590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: The last half-century of @entity2040 control activities in China have brought down the overall prevalence of @entity1 infection with @entity2042 to less than 10% of the level initially documented in the mid 1950s. Importantly, this reduction is not only, or even mainly, due to the advent of @entity2039 in the 1970s and its subsequent dramatic fall in price. Instead, it is the result of a sustained, multifaceted national strategy, adapted to different eco-epidemiological settings, which has been versatile enough to permit subtle adjustments over time as the nature of the challenge changed. Consequently, prevalence has been falling relatively smoothly over the whole period rather than suddenly dropping when mass chemotherapy became feasible. Thus, early recognition of the huge public health and economic significance of the disease, and the corresponding political will to do something about it,underpinned this success. In addition, intersectoral collaboration and community participation played important roles in forming a sustained commitment to a working control strategy based on local resources. The unfolding story is presented from the early years' strong focus on snail control, by means of environmental management, to the last period of @entity2039 -based morbidity control carried out under the 10-year World Bank Loan Project (WBLP). An important legacy of the WBLP is the understanding that a research component would sustain control measures and enable future progress. We are now witnessing the payoffs of this forward thinking in the form of a new promising class of drugs, improved diagnostics, and budding vaccine development in addition to novel ways of disease risk prediction and transmission control using satellite-based remote sensing. Different aspects of social and economic approaches are also covered and the importance of health promotion and education is emphasized. Issuing from the review is a set of recommendations, which might further consolidate current control activities, with the ultimate aim to eliminate @entity2040 from the Chinese mainland.

title: Conquering XXXX in China: the long march.

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: At exercise testing with respiratory gas analysis in @entity1 with inducible @entity741 , we have occasionally observed abnormal transient @entity26 uptake (VO2) components with a characteristic "Hump"-shaped morphology early after exercise, which may serve as an index for inducible @entity63 . We examined this hypothesis in @entity1 with anterior q-wave @entity583 in whom the accuracy to identify @entity63 by exercise ECG is limited. DESIGN: From @entity1 with acute anterior q-wave @entity1188 but without clinically overt @entity712 who underwent pre-discharge exercise testing, we examined @entity1 with (Group-I, n = 30) and without (Group-N, n = 29) inducible @entity63 . To identify "Hump", postexercise VO2 (up to 4 min) standardized for peak VO2 was exponentially fitted with use of peak VO2 and VO2 of 90-240 s, yielding "expected VO2". "D-curve" was obtained by subtracting "expected VO2" from measured VO2. RESULTS: Although exercise-induced ST @entity308 more frequently appeared in Group-I (27%) than in Group-N (3%, p < 0.05), the prevalence was low. D-curve peaked later (p < 0.01) and its value was greater (p < 0.05) in Group-I than in Group-N. When "Hump" was defined to be present if D-curve peaked > or =40 s and its peak value > or =15%, it was far more frequently found in Group-I (n = 17/30) than in Group-N (n = 1/29, p < 0.01). Thus, "Hump" could diagnose inducible @entity63 with a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 97%. CONCLUSIONS: Although not highly sensitive, postexercise @entity4962 "Hump" with its peak occurring around 60 s after exercise is a specific marker for inducible @entity63 . The identification may be useful, particularly in @entity1 with limited accuracy of exercise ECG such as those with q-wave anterior @entity1188 .

title: Postexercise VO2 "Hump" phenomenon as an indicator for inducible XXXX in @entity1 with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of @entity600 @entity1 (ELBWI). METHOD: Data of totally 165 hospitalized ELBWI between August 1st, 2008 and November 30th, 2013 in Hunan @entity1 's Hospital were analyzed. The information of general data and births, prenatal care, delivery room stabilization, transfer information, complications, treatment, outcome and follow up were summarized. RESULT: (1) One hundred and sixty-five ELBWI were involved, their mean gestational age was (28.4  2.4) weeks, mean birth weight(910.9  93.1) g. (2) Rate of delivery in tertiary hospital was 46.7% (77/165) and prenatal @entity230 exposure was found in 52.1% (86/165). None of the cases were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in delivery room. (3) Rate of @entity1 who were transfered to the class III b neonatal ward within 12 hours after birth was 58.8% (97/165). (4) The main complications of them included neonatal @entity649 (NRDS, 77.0%, 127/165), @entity2107 ( @entity2107 , 70.1%, 75/107), @entity2461 ( @entity2461 , 50.0%, 40/80), @entity989 ( @entity989 , 43.0%, 46/107), sepsis 39.4% (65/165), @entity548 ( @entity548 , 34.8%, 49/141), @entity3166 ( @entity3166 , 8.0%, 7/88). (5) TREATMENT: 97.6% (161/165) received @entity26 therapy and 66.1% (109/165) received mechanical ventilation, 55.2% (91/165) used CPAP. 89.8% (114/127) of the NRDS used PS; 44.0% (33/75) of the @entity2107 used low dose @entity619 , 32.0% (24/75) used low dose @entity842 ; 60.0% (24/40) of the @entity2461 used medication. 32.6% (15/46) of the @entity989 received laser photocoagulation. The average time of beginning enteral feeding was 2.0 d, the mean time to achieve full gastrointestinal feeding was 43.4 d. (6) OUTCOME: rate of survival in 165 cases with ELBWI was 51.5% (85/165), treatment was abandoned in 37.6% (62/165), total mortality was 48.5% (80/165). There were significant difference in survival rate between different birth weight group, gestational age group and admission age group (  2=11.498, 8.789, 13.157, all P<0.05); There was significant difference in rate of giving up treatment between different birth weight and admission age groups (  2=10.448, 8.259, all P<0.05). The primary cause of @entity204 was economic factor and worrying about prognosis. (7) Follow up: rate of @entity245 ( @entity245 ) in part of follow up cases was 27.9% (12/43). CONCLUSION: ELBWI have many severe complications and sequelae, which need complex treatment and long hospital stay with a low survival rate. In order to improve the level of treatment, we need to improve the rate of prenatal @entity230 , carry out intrauterine and postnatal, transport of ELBWI to III b neonatal ward as early and rationally as possible, give professional, sophisticated and integrated treatment technologies as far as possible.

title: [Clinical analysis of 165 @entity600 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['NDI', 'neurodevelopmental impairment']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extremely low birth weight']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['ROP', 'preterm retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The optimal surgical management of @entity1653 involving the major venous sinuses represents a therapeutic dilemma. The decision is whether to leave a fragment of the lesion and have a higher recurrence rate, especially for World Health Organization classification @entity5 , or to attempt total removal and potentially increase risk to the venous circulation. We present the surgical strategies we follow in managing @entity1653 involving the major venous sinuses and the potential benefit of these techniques for higher grade @entity5 . METHODS: Between 2005 and 2013, 38 @entity1 underwent operations. Preoperative and postoperative data were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical strategies based on sinus invasion are discussed. RESULTS: @entity1653 involved the superior sagittal sinus (26 @entity1 ), Torcular Herophili (5), transverse (5), or sigmoid sinus (2 @entity1 ). In 13 @entity1 , the sinus was totally occluded, in 9 subtotally (50%-95%), and in 14 @entity1 partially (<50%), whereas two @entity5 involved the outer layer of the sinus wall. Twenty-seven @entity1 had World Health Organization classification grade I @entity1653 and 11 grade II. A gross total resection was achieved in 86.9% of @entity1 , and sinus reconstruction followed in 21 cases: 13 by direct suture and 8 using a patch. Postoperatively, the sinus was patent (52.4%), or narrow but patent (33.3%) in 85.7% of these @entity1 . No deaths and one major @entity260 occurred, and the mean postoperative KPS score was 88.9  15.3. Two recurrences (5.3%) occurred during a mean follow-up of 26.05 months. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical strategies presented, achieving minimal morbidity, support the practice of aggressive @entity5 invading the sinus, particularly in the case of higher grade @entity1653 .

title: Management of XXXX invading the major dural venous sinuses: operative technique, results, and potential benefit for higher grade @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['II/III tumors', 'removal of tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) has immunosuppressive activity and the ability to induce immune tolerance. There has been no report of its glycosylation ratio or of the role of its glycans. We investigated the terminal sialylation of @entity579 cell-derived recombinant @entity1 CTLA4Ig (rrhCTLA4Ig) using lectins. The glycosylation ratios of rrhCTLA4Ig and @entity3569 ovary (CHO) cell-derived recombinant @entity1 CTLA4Ig (crhCTLA4Ig) were evaluated by chemical deglycosylation. After intravenous (i.v.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) administration to @entity35 , the pharmacokinetics of rrhCTLA4Ig and crhCTLA4Ig as well as of their deglycosylated forms were evaluated. rrhCTLA4Ig does not have terminal @entity7451 and its glycosylation ratio was slightly lower than that of crhCTLA4Ig. Its terminal elimination half-life (T(1/2)) was shorter than that of crhCTLA4Ig following i.v. administration. However, the half-life was significantly prolonged and was similar with that of crhCTLA4Ig following s.c. administration. Moreover, the deglycosylated forms of both preparations were cleared from the circulation faster than the native forms. These results suggest that the presence of glycans on rrhCTLA4Ig and crhCTA4Ig are important for their in vivo stability. In addition, the glycan structure of rrhCTLA4Ig is more effective in maintaining in vivo stability after s.c. administration than after i.v. administration although the glycans on rrhCTLA4Ig lack terminal @entity7451 , suggesting that its glycans have the potential for in vivo stability.

title: The glycosylation and pharmacokinetics of CTLA4Ig produced in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity7451 :: ('MESH:D012794', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acids']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Medical therapy of @entity6275 is largely based on experimental models, historical observational or non-randomized studies, and expert opinions. A minimum of 4-6 weeks of intravenous antimicrobial therapy targeting the causative organism, given in conjunction with surgery, has become the standard for chronic long-bone @entity4034 in adults. Given the expense, inconvenience, and potential complications inherent to such a treatment program, alternative strategies including effective oral antimicrobial regimens are desirable. RECENT FINDINGS: Several oral antimicrobial agents have undergone evaluation for the treatment of acute and @entity6275 recently. These include @entity2887 , @entity3402 , and @entity5136 . For the treatment of atypical causes of Gram-positive @entity4034 , other oral therapies have been evaluated with reported success in small numbers of @entity1 . SUMMARY: The standard of care for @entity6275 in adults remains intravenous antimicrobial therapy, in combination with surgery, for at least 4-6 weeks. @entity697 in the pediatric population as well as @entity4034 caused by atypical Gram-positive organisms and some Gram-negative organisms may be treated successfully with oral antibiotics. Some antimicrobials have equivalent concentration in serum whether administered orally or parenterally. When therapy with these antimicrobials is indicated, the oral route is preferred in compliant @entity1 . As research continues in this area and as new drug formulations are developed, oral therapy may become an accepted alternative in additional selected @entity1 .

title: Role of oral antimicrobial therapy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the 2009 Italian pediatric clinical guidelines on the management of @entity1163 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of @entity1 who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of Bambino Ges   @entity1 's Hospital with @entity1163 during the 2  years before and then for 2  years after the establishment of the Italian pediatric clinical guidelines. Implementation of the clinical guidelines included educational seminars, additional training of health care workers, and the availability of clinical guidelines and its algorithms on ED examination rooms. RESULTS: We studied a population of 1073 @entity1 (n  =  470 vs n  =  603). Most @entity1 had @entity907 with a greater increase in postimplementation period (n  =  241, 51.3% vs n  =  454, 49.8%); we also noticed a parallel reduction of the number of @entity1 with undefined @entity1163 (30% vs 8.3%). We observed an increase in electrocardiogram (n  =  328, 69.8% vs n  =  512, 85.1%; P  <  .001), a reduction in electroencephalogram (n  =  54, 11.5% vs n  =  25, 4.1%; P  <  .001), and computed tomography scan/magnetic resonance imaging utilization (n  =  26, 5.5% vs n  =  8, 1.3%; P  <  .001). In addition, there was a significant reduction of hospital admission rates (n  =  195; 41.5% vs n  =  116, 19.2%; P  <  .001). The time period was significantly associated with improvements in all procedures at the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Providing practitioners in the ED with age-oriented clinical guidelines increased the efficiency of clinical management of pediatric @entity1163 . Our study demonstrated that the implementation of pediatric clinical guidelines on @entity1163 improve diagnosis, reduce hospital admissions, and decrease the use of unnecessary diagnostic tests.

title: The Availability and the Adherence to Pediatric Guidelines for the Management of XXXX in the Emergency Department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['Syncope']


abstract: IgA @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) is the most common type of primary @entity631 ( @entity631 ) diagnosed in Taiwan. From February 1983 to May 1992, 194 @entity1 with primary @entity6994 , representing 25.3% of the primary @entity631 , were diagnosed by renal biopsy at this hospital. Clinicopathologic correlation was made in 175 cases of @entity6994 with adequate clinical and pathologic data including light-(LM), immunofluorescent (IF) and/or electron-(EM) microscopy. Modified classification of Meadow et al. was adopted for the histologic grading of @entity8 . Forty-nine biopsies (28.0%) showed Grade IV and V lesions (Grade IV, 10.9%; Grade V, 17.1%, respectively) in association with a high level of serum @entity1011 and a lower frequency of gross @entity811 when compared with lesions of histologic Grades I to III. @entity1 with Grade V lesions revealed a high frequency of @entity101 as compared with those with Grades I to IV. The frequencies of @entity1985 range @entity644 in those with various grades of @entity6994 was not statistically significant in this study. One hundred and thirty @entity1 were followed up for one to eight and half years or until @entity454 ( @entity454 ) developed (mean 3.9 years), excluding the biopsies done at @entity454 or from the graft kidney. Forty-two @entity1 (32.3%) had @entity740 , of those 25 (19.2%) eventually developed @entity454 . Seventy-five percent of the @entity1 with histologic Grades IV and V showed progressive @entity8 , while only 16% of @entity1 with Grades I to III lesions revealed @entity74 , the latter indicating a more benign course (P < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : a nine-year clinicopathologic study in the Veterans General Hospital-Taichung.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal disease', 'glomerular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Primary IgA nephropathy']