abstract: In bone tissue engineering approaches the expansion of bone cells is an essential part. In recent years the search for an appropriate alternative to @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) in the ex vivo expansion process has increased. This study demonstrates that platelet-rich clot releasate (PRCR) could be an appropriate alternative. The effects of PRCR on bone cell cultures derived from 5 different @entity1 donors were analyzed with respect to morphology, proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression. Five different PRCR concentrations were used: 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40%. The population doubling (PD) values were calculated for each concentration. Light microscopy analysis was done after 3 and 9 days. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle effects. The gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein and @entity1096 was analyzed with RT-PCR. 10% @entity2241 cultures were used as controls. With 10% PRCR the cell morphology resembled the control cultures; however, the PD values were significantly higher (p < 0.01). Concentrations of 20 and 40% had a clear cytotoxic effect, observed with light microscopy analysis and flow cytometry. PRCR had a potent effect on the expression of osteogenic markers and resulted in a concentration-dependent upregulation. We demonstrate that @entity1 bone cells derived from the maxillary alveolar ridge can be cultured in medium containing PRCR instead of @entity2241 . The addition of PRCR results in higher proliferative capacity and upregulation of osteogenic markers. These results indicate that @entity2241 could be avoided in future tissue engineering approaches using bone cells from this anatomic site.

title: Homologous activated platelets stimulate differentiation and proliferation of primary XXXX bone cells.

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: There is paucity of published data regarding controlled trials with @entity1090 and @entity1037 in elderly @entity716 @entity1 . Medical records of 151 hospitalized geropsychiatric @entity1 ( @entity1090 @entity1 n = 114 and @entity1037 @entity1 n = 37) were analyzed for demographic data, target symptoms, doses, effects, side effects, comorbid medical conditions and concurrent medications. The mean age of the @entity1 was 71 years. The male: female ratio was essentially the same for both groups. The mean daily dose was 3 mg for @entity1090 and 10 mg for @entity1037 . 78% of the @entity1090 group and 75% of the @entity1037 group appear to have responded to treatment. The discontinuation rates of medication was the same in both groups (22%). Adverse events were reported in 16-17% in both groups. It appears from this study that both @entity1090 and @entity1037 are relatively safe and effective in geropsychiatric @entity1 with comorbid medical illnesses. Controlled studies and head-to-head comparison studies are recommended.

title: Experience with the atypical antipsychotics-- @entity1090 and XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['olanzapine']


abstract: @entity565 and @entity354 ( @entity354 ) are commonly associated disorders. Microaspiration is one possible link between these processes. The purpose of this study was to assess @entity2710 reactivity following repeated small-volume aspiration such as may occur with @entity354 . This was also correlated with airway cytology. Five weekly intratracheal instillations of either milk (N = 8) or saline sham controls (N = 7) in volumes of 0.25 mL/kg were performed in anesthetized @entity95 . Transpulmonary pressure, flow, tidal volume, central airways resistance, and dynamic lung compliance were measured in anesthetized and paralyzed animals at baseline, after 2 and 5 weeks of instillation, and 3 weeks after the last instillation. Doubling concentrations of @entity2710 were given until a 50% or greater increase in resistance occurred (PC50R). Bronchial washings for cytological evaluation were performed after the physiologic measurements and before each instillation. There were no significant differences in airway reactivity between baseline and all subsequent observation points within each of the two groups. However, @entity2710 responsiveness was significantly higher in the milk group before the final instillation (PC50R = 5.84 vs. 12.97 mg/mL, P = 0.03) and at recovery (PC50R = 6.40 vs. 10.56 mg/mL, P = 0.047) when compared to saline controls. This was associated with a higher neutrophil percentage (P = 0.01) at 5 weeks, and eosinophil percentage (P = 0.05) at recovery in the bronchial wash specimens from the milk group. These results show that repeated small-volume aspiration of milk in @entity95 causes persistent @entity32 and is associated with greater airway reactivity when compared to sham controls. This @entity32 was accompanied by either increased neutrophils or eosinophils in bronchial lavage specimens. These findings lend support to a possible role of microaspiration in association with increased airway reactivity in @entity1 with @entity354 .

title: Airway reactivity following repeated milk aspiration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Intraerythrocytic plasmodia form hemozoin as a detoxification product of hemoglobin-derived @entity1446 . An identical substance, @entity45020 (BH), can be obtained in vitro from hematin at acidic pH. @entity8774 -antimalarials inhibit BH formation. Standardization of test conditions is essential for studying the interaction of compounds with this process and screening potential inhibitors. A spectrophotometric microassay of @entity1446 polymerization inhibitory activity (HPIA) (Basilico et al., Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 42, 55-60, 1998) previously reported was used to investigate the effect of pH and salt concentration on BH formation. The yield of BH formation decreased with pH. Moreover, under conditions used in the above HPIA assay (18 h, 37 degrees C, pH = 2.7), several salts including @entity2865 and @entity1391 inhibited the process. @entity38734 drugs formulated as salts ( @entity5628 , @entity12433 ), but not @entity503 -base, also inhibited the reaction. Interference by salts was highest at low pH and decreased at higher pH (pH 4). Here, we describe different assay conditions that eliminate these problems (BHIA, @entity45020 inhibitory activity). By replacing hematin with hemin as the @entity7170 and @entity6674 solution with @entity3733 as solvent, the formation of BH was independent of pH up to pH 5.1. No interference by salts was observed over the pH range 2.7-5.1. Dose-dependent inhibition of BH formation was obtained with @entity503 -base, @entity5628 , and @entity503 - @entity597 at pH 5.1. @entity12433 was not inhibitory. The final product, characterized by solubility in @entity3733 , consists of pure BH by FT-IR spectroscopy. The BHIA assay (hemin in @entity3733 , @entity598 buffer pH 5 +/- 0.1, 18 h at 37 degrees C) is designed to screen for those molecules forming pi-pi interactions with @entity8868 and thus inhibiting @entity45020 formation.

title: Standardization of the physicochemical parameters to assess in vitro the XXXX inhibitory activity of antimalarial drugs.

entities_list: @entity8774 :: ('MESH:C037219', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinoline']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

entities_list: @entity45020 :: ('CHEBI:55377', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hematin']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity38734 :: ('CHEBI:36709', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoquinoline']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity12433 :: ('MESH:D011319', 'Chemical') :: ['Primaquine', 'primaquine-diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity5628 :: ('MESH:C023676', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity45020 :: (CHEBI:55377,Chemical) :: ['beta-hematin']


abstract: @entity302 surgery has improved over the last decade, but non- @entity410 -free outcome remains at 10%-40% in @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and 40%-60% in @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). This paper reports a complex multifocal case. With a normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) result and nonlocalizing electroencephalography (EEG) findings (bilateral @entity1315 and @entity1315 , with more @entity302 [ @entity302 ] in the right frontal and temporal regions), a presurgical EEG-functional MRI (fMRI) was performed before the intraoperative intracranial EEG (icEEG) monitoring (icEEG with right hemispheric coverage). Our previous EEG-fMRI analysis results ( @entity302 in the left hemisphere alone) were contradictory to the EEG and icEEG findings ( @entity302 in the right frontal and temporal regions). Thus, the EEG-fMRI data were reanalyzed with newly identified IED onsets and different fMRI model options. The reanalyzed EEG-fMRI findings were largely concordant with those of EEG and icEEG, and the failure of our previous EEG-fMRI analysis may lie in the inaccurate identification of @entity302 and wrong usage of model options. The right frontal and temporal regions were resected in surgery, and dual pathology ( @entity1463 and focal @entity6795 in the extrahippocampal region) was found. The @entity1 became @entity410 -free for 3 months, but his @entity410 restarted after antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were stopped. The @entity410 were not well controlled after resuming AEDs. Postsurgical EEGs indicated that ictal spikes in the right frontal and temporal regions reduced, while those in the left hemisphere became prominent. This case suggested that (1) EEG-fMRI is valuable in presurgical evaluation, but requires caution; and (2) the intact @entity410 focus in the remaining brain may cause the non- @entity410 -free outcome.

title: Presurgical EEG-fMRI in a complex clinical case with @entity410 recurrence after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampus sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['extratemporal lobe epilepsy', 'ETLE', 'TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['interictal epileptiform discharges', 'IEDs', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) is involved in the regulation of sickness behaviour in response to @entity281 and @entity32 in animals. @entity1 @entity1295 can be considered an element of sickness behaviour and is a prominent and often disabling phenomenon in @entity792 such as @entity244 ( @entity244 ). The role of the IL-1 system in the @entity1295 of @entity1 with @entity244 was explored. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis of @entity1356 , @entity1193 , and IL-1sRII was performed in 54 @entity244 @entity1 and 53 control subjects. Fatigue was evaluated in the @entity1 using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and a @entity1295 visual analogue scale (VAS); mood was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). There were higher CSF levels of @entity1193 pg/mL in @entity244 @entity1 vs. controls (median 38.4: range 15.4-81.7 vs. 33.7: 7.3-163.1, p=0.026). Fatigue VAS scores were associated with increasing CSF levels of @entity1193 in @entity244 @entity1 (R(2)=0.11, p=0.015). In a subgroup analysis of the non-depressed @entity244 @entity1 (N=37; 69%), the association between VAS scores and @entity1193 was even stronger (R(2)=0.20, p=0.006). The positive association between VAS scores and @entity1193 remained significant in a multiple regression analysis adjusting for age and BDI scores. Increased levels of @entity1193 in the CSF are associated with increasing @entity1295 in @entity244 @entity1 , indicating that the activated IL-1 system is a possible biological factor associated with @entity1295 .

title: Fatigue in XXXX --a link to sickness behaviour in animals?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["primary Sj  gren's syndrome", 'PSS']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['primary Sj  gren's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity3841 in Chinese @entity7278 ( @entity7278 ) @entity1 and periodontally healthy adults. METHODS: 116 @entity7278 @entity1 and 111 periodontally healthy adults were included. In each @entity7278 @entity1 , @entity527 samples were collected from two sites of different molars with the greatest @entity92 ( @entity92 ) and one periodontally healthy site ( @entity92 < or =3 mm). The samples of periodontally healthy adults were obtained from the mesio-buccal site of one first upper molar. Bacteria DNA were extracted for detection of @entity3841 by 16S rRNA PCR. RESULTS: The prevalence for @entity3841 of diseased sites (33.62%) was significantly higher than that of healthy sites from @entity7278 @entity1 (0.86%) and the periodontally sites (0.90%) (P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between male and female @entity7278 @entity1 (P > 0.05). A decreasing trend of @entity3841 was observed as the age increased. And the pocket depth and clinical attachment losswas associated with the occurrence of @entity3841 in a positive mode. And @entity3841 was more often detected in the @entity548 sites on probing. CONCLUSION: @entity3841 was more frequently detected in @entity2521 sites than periodontally healthy sites. For @entity7278 @entity1 , a higher prevalence was associated with the seriously involved sites than those moderate and mild implicated sites. @entity3841 is considered to be the one of the periopathogens involved in the etiology of @entity7278 .

title: [Distribution of Haemopuilus actinomycetemcomitans in XXXX @entity1 and periodontally healthy subjects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['H. actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: @entity47638 ( @entity47638 ) has always been reported to be copurified with invertase (I) and a 40 kDa additional protein. @entity413 grown stationary phase cells of @entity375 contained least I activity. So, it was attempted to purify @entity47638 from these cells (I: @entity47638 = 10.83). Studies on specific activity, percent recovery and I: @entity47638 ratio of different pools, collected during purification of @entity47638 , indicated that samples containing ratio I: @entity47638 < 2.2 were unstable. Purification methodology favouring association (DEAE-Sephadex chromatography) resulted in gaining total activity while methodology favouring dissociation (HPGPLC) resulted in @entity393 in recovery. Active pool (Pool 1X) appeared to be electrophoretically homogeneous but dissociated into 175, 90, 68, 61, 57 (minor bands) and 37-41 (major band) molar mass (kDa) bands on @entity214 -PAGE. Inactive pools (Pools 1Y, 3X, 3Y) did not contain the 37-41 kDa major band. So, association of both I and a 37-41 kDa protein with @entity47638 appeared to be essential. Two bands of isoelectric pH (pI) 4.6 and 4.7 were present in pool 1X enzyme preparation. All @entity214 -PAGE-resolved bands of pool 1X, in an average, contained high @entity492 / @entity2734 and low @entity462 residues. @entity47638 activity appeared to be highly sensitive to the change in pH and also to agents affecting ionisation of protein, e.g., @entity7727 , @entity1219 , @entity598 , etc. Association of @entity47638 components in presence of @entity1219 was demonstrated spectrophotometrically. Specific activity of @entity47638 decreased with dilution. Substrate mediated allosterism for this enzyme preparation suggested that @entity47638 existed as an equilibrium mixture of protomer-oligomer. It was suggested that reversible association-dissociation was a mechanism for the regulation of @entity47638 activity.

title: Regulation of acid trehalase activity by association-dissociation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity47638 :: ('MESH:C562603', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'Acid trehalase']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['tremendous loss']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Given that @entity15 ( @entity15 ) hits diffusely the brain hemispheres, we hypothesized that this should result in a distributed pattern of functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities. To this aim, we assessed, using @entity400 ( @entity400 ) fMRI, intrinsic FC and functional network connectivity (FNC) of brain large-scale neuronal networks from 85 @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and 40 matched controls. METHODS: Independent component analysis was used to analyze @entity400 fMRI data. Intrinsic FC of each cluster of each @entity400 network (RSN) was compared between controls and @entity1 (analysis of variance adjusted for age, gender, and gray matter volume). The FNC toolbox was used to assess interactions among RSNs. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity1 with @entity3780 experienced a decreased @entity400 FC in regions of the salience (SN), executive control (ECN), working memory (WMN), default mode ( @entity1233 ), sensorimotor, and @entity227 . They also had an increased @entity400 FC in regions of the ECN and auditory RSN. Decreased @entity400 FC was significantly correlated with disability and T2 lesion volumes. In @entity1 with @entity3780 , when compared to controls, FNC analysis showed that the ECN had an increased connectivity with the SN and a decreased connectivity with the DMN. An abnormal connectivity between the WMNs and sensory networks was also found. CONCLUSIONS: Functional abnormalities within and between large-scale neuronal networks occur in @entity1 with @entity3780 and are related to the extent of T2 lesions and the severity of disability. Longitudinal studies should ascertain whether such functional abnormalities confer a systematic vulnerability to disease progression or, conversely, protect against the onset of clinical deficits.

title: Large-scale neuronal network dysfunction in relapsing-remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual networks']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['resting-state', 'RS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to describe associations between incidence and mortality by major @entity5 sites and education in Lithuania. METHODS: The study is based on the linkage between all records of the 2001 population census and all records from Lithuanian Cancer Registry ( @entity5 incidence) and Statistics Lithuania ( @entity204 ) for the period between 1 July 2001 and 31 December 2004. Education-specific incidence and mortality rate ratios were estimated by means of multivariate Poisson regression models. RESULTS: We found both the positive and inverse educational gradients in @entity5 incidence and mortality. The risk of developing @entity5 (all sites) was lower among @entity1 and @entity1 with the lowest education, whereas @entity5 mortality was higher among lower educated @entity1 . The higher educational level was also associated with an increased risk of @entity263 among @entity1 and an increased risk of @entity0 among @entity1 . However, @entity263 mortality was the highest in the lowest education group, whereas @entity0 mortality among @entity1 did not show any statistically significant differences. Lower educated @entity1 had significantly higher incidence and mortality due to lung and @entity5 . Strikingly high incidence and @entity5 was observed among @entity1 with secondary and lower than secondary education. CONCLUSION: The results point to inequalities in early diagnosis and survival from @entity5 ensuring equal access to medical care. Further more in-depth studies are needed in order to understand the nature and determinants of these inequalities.

title: Educational inequalities in XXXX incidence and mortality in Lithuania: a record linkage study.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mortality due to cervix cancer', 'cancer and failures', 'cancer', 'stomach cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the associations between @entity66 and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a nationally representative sample of 12- and 15-year-old Thai populations. METHODS: The study was part of Thailand National Oral Health Survey. Data on @entity66 using WHO criteria and OHRQoL using the @entity1 -Oral Impacts on Daily Performances ( @entity1 -OIDP) for 12-year-olds and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) indexes for 15-year-olds were collected from 1063 12-year-olds and 811 15-year-olds. The associations of @entity66 and OHRQoL and perceived dental need were investigated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of 81.7% of 12-year-olds and 83.2% of 15-year-olds had impacts on OHRQoL. For both age groups, @entity2522 was the most common @entity66 (79.3% in 12-year-olds, 81.5% in 15-year-olds). Oral impacts were significantly associated with high levels of untreated decay. Perceived dental needs were significantly associated with untreated decay and extensive @entity2522 for both age groups, and with calculus for 12-year-olds. Having decayed @entity4500 was statistically associated with impacts on relaxing, emotion and study for both age groups. @entity2522 and calculus were significantly associated with impacts on smiling, study and social contact in 12-year-olds, and with impacts on smiling in 15-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2522 was the most common @entity66 whereas @entity1547 affected @entity1 's quality of life most. @entity1547 on various daily life performances while @entity2522 and calculus related to psychosocial aspects in 12-year-olds.

title: Relationships between XXXX and impacts on Thai schoolchildren's quality of life: evidence from a Thai national oral health survey of 12- and 15-year-olds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral diseases', 'oral disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis', 'Gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Dental caries impacted', 'dental caries']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['oral diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity161 exhibit impairment in their ability to accurately recognize @entity2652 in others, and the severity of this emotion perception deficit has been associated with poorer functioning. However, the mechanisms underlying @entity51 are poorly understood. There is evidence to suggest that @entity1 , particularly those with certain positive symptoms, may misinterpret other @entity1 's facial expressions as having an overly negative valence. The present study examined the degree to which attribution biases in facial emotion perception are associated with @entity146 symptomatology and social and @entity73 . SAMPLING AND METHODS: The error profiles from a facial emotion perception test were analyzed and compared for 67 @entity161 state hospital inpatients and 21 nonpsychiatric controls. Attribution bias scores were separately computed for each of six types of emotion. RESULTS: The error profiles were remarkably similar for @entity1 as a group and controls. Within the @entity1 group, severity of positive symptoms was associated with more 'fear' misperceptions. @entity1 with relatively high levels of 'anger' misperceptions tended to have more severe disorganization and negative symptoms and more pronounced @entity73 . Interestingly, @entity1 who erroneously reported seeing relatively high levels of 'shame' and 'happiness' showed better functioning and less severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Attribution biases appear to play a role in contributing to @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity161 . The lack of an isomorphic attribution bias across @entity1 highlights the importance of considering @entity161 heterogeneity when attempting to understand and treat social @entity73 .

title: Attribution biases in @entity161 : relationship to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial emotions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['functional impairments', 'occupational impairments', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['facial emotion perception deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['clinical and functional impairments']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the risk of @entity209 ( @entity209 ) according to @entity167 consumption for those subjects showing facial @entity1671 , as well as the absence of facial @entity1671 . METHODS: One thousand two hundred and one males were recruited in the health promotion center of a university hospital. Evaluation of @entity167 consumption and facial @entity1671 was assessed via questionnaires and interviews. The criteria for @entity209 were defined according to the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with a modified waist circumference cutoff value ( @entity1 >=  90 cm) for Korean subjects. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the amount of @entity167 they consume: nondrinkers, moderate drinkers ( <=14 standard drinks per week), and heavy drinkers (>14 standard drinks per week). They were also separated into two groups according to facial @entity1671 : non-flushers (no occurrence) and flushers (steady occurrence). Factors related to @entity209 were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In non- @entity1671 moderate drinkers, the risk of @entity209 did not significantly increase compared to non-drinkers. However in @entity1671 moderate drinkers, there was significant increase (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 3.06) compared to non-drinkers. In non- @entity1671 and @entity1671 heavy drinkers, significant increase (OR, 2.23; CI, 1.23 to 4.04; OR, 2.90; CI, 1.25 to 6.73, respectively) was evident compared to non-drinkers. CONCLUSION: Non- @entity1671 moderate drinkers did not show an increased risk of @entity209 compared to the non-drinkers, but @entity1671 moderate drinkers showed an increased risk of @entity209 compared to non-drinkers.

title: Relationship between XXXX Consumption and @entity209 according to Facial Flushing in Korean Males.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Establishment of early oral nutrition after surgery is associated with a decrease in morbidity and mortality. The following studies were undertaken to determine how surgery influences food-reinforced behavior in @entity35 and to determine the relevance of afferent input from the incision site on this behavior. METHODS: @entity35 were trained to press a lever for food pellets to assess the effects of various abdominal surgical manipulations. Operant requirements and food availability were also manipulated. The effects of wound infiltration with @entity1341 and denervation of the abdominal musculature in the area of the incision were similarly examined. RESULTS: Incision of the skin and abdominal musculature produced significant behavioral effects. Food pellets earned were significantly decreased, with gut manipulation producing effects of greater magnitude and duration than incision alone. Operant requirements or different schedules of food availability did not influence the effect of surgery on behavior. Infiltration of the wound with @entity1341 produced a reversal of the effects of surgery on behavior after skin and muscle incision but had minimal effects when the viscera were manipulated. Similarly, denervation of the abdominal musculature reversed the effects of abdominal incision on behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Food maintained behavior is disrupted after laparotomy in @entity35 . The time course and magnitude of this disruption, as well as its reversal by @entity1341 or denervation, are consistent with postoperative incisional @entity158 . Manipulation of the viscera produces a greater effect than laparotomy alone, and additional mechanisms unrelated to incisional @entity158 affect food reinforcement and feeding after surgery.

title: Abdominal surgery decreases food-reinforced operant responding in @entity35 : relevance of incisional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the results of primary stent placement in focal @entity731 aortic stenoses using balloon expandable stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six primary balloon expandable stent placements in the abdominal aorta were performed and reviewed. All the aortic stenoses were @entity731 . @entity1 were followed up by ankle/brachial pressure indices (ABPI) and Doppler ultrasound (US) at 24h after procedure and at 12 and 24 months. Follow-up angiograms were performed at 12 months. RESULTS: Twenty-six stents in 26 @entity1 were placed in the infrarenal aorta. All procedures were technically successful and immediate clinical success was obtained. The mean ABPI significantly improved from 0.52+/-0.10 to 0.94+/-0.09 within 24h after procedure, and remained at 0.90+/-0.12 between 12 and 24 months follow-up (mean 18 months). There was full haemodynamic success at hospital discharge and at 12 and 24 months after the procedure. Clinical success at 12 and 24 months (mean 18 months) was defined as an improvement in the Fontaine classification by at least one class compared with the pre-procedure class and was shown to be 100%. CONCLUSION: In summary, we report that primary stenting is a safe and effective alternative to surgery in cases of symptomatic stenosis of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The excellent intermediate term results suggested that we would recommend primary stenting as the treatment of choice for focal @entity731 stenoses of the infrarenal aorta in selected @entity1 .

title: Primary stenting in the treatment of focal XXXX abdominal aortic stenoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: Ovarian granulosa cells are the primary site of @entity172 and @entity1420 synthesis and play an essential role in the maturation of the developing ovum. Freshly isolated granulosa cells are often used to study the regulation of @entity134 and protein biosynthesis, but the small number of cells available for these cultures has proven inadequate for many detailed gene regulatory studies. The goal of this study was to develop @entity1 granulosa (HG) cell lines that maintain differentiated function. The @entity32454 open reading frames of high risk strains of @entity1082 have been used to produce immortalized cell lines. Primary cultures of @entity1 luteinized granulosa cells were infected with defective retroviruses containing the @entity32454 regions of @entity1799 and with the @entity5154 phosphotransferase gene to confer G418 resistance. Three of eight clones that were isolated after selection in medium containing G418 were found to produce @entity1420 following treatment with @entity1928 or @entity8279 for 48 h. @entity1928 caused these cells to retract in the characteristic rounding response, as described in primary HG cultures. One clone, HGL5, was used for a detailed characterization of differentiated function. HGL5 cells retained the ability to increase @entity1420 production and convert exogenously added @entity2671 to @entity53 in response to agonists of the protein kinase-A pathway ( @entity1928 and @entity8279 ), but were not responsive to FSH or LH treatment. A key enzyme in the production of @entity53 , cytochrome P450 aromatase, has proven difficult to maintain in long term cultures of granulosa cells. For that reason, we examined the expression of aromatase in the transformed HGL5 clone by monitoring mRNA levels. Aromatase mRNA increased by 4- to 5-fold after @entity1928 treatment, as determined by Northern analysis. This @entity1 granulosa cell culture line maintains many of the functions of normal cells and should provide an important model to study the molecular events controlling granulosa cell differentiation and function.

title: Transformation of @entity1 granulosa cells with the XXXX regions of @entity1082 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus 16']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity32454 :: (25479186,Gene) :: ['E6 and E7']


abstract: Reports on the relationship between @entity6 and @entity393 have been controversial. The present study examined this relationship in 1,740 Mexican American adults using data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hearing threshold levels were obtained for each @entity1 at the following frequencies: 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hertz (Hz). The thresholds from the worse hearing ear were used in the analyses. @entity6 and @entity2690 use were assessed by self-report. The mean crude hearing thresholds in diabetics were significantly higher than in non-diabetics at each of the four frequencies. However, after adjustment for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, diabetics had a significantly higher mean threshold than non-diabetics only at 500 Hz (mean difference +/- SE: 2.8 +/- 1.2, p = 0.04). @entity6 who were not using @entity2690 had significantly higher thresholds than those who were using @entity2690 at 2000 (mean difference +/- SE: 5.6 +/- 2.6, p = 0.03) and 4000 Hz (7.7 +/- 3.3, p = 0.02). Also, at 4000 Hz, @entity2690 users had a significantly lower mean threshold than non-diabetics (mean difference +/- SE: -4.9 +/- 1.6, p = 0.02). Our data suggest that associations between @entity6 and decreased hearing acuity in the higher frequencies are present only amongst @entity6 Mexican-Americans who do not use @entity2690 .

title: XXXX in Mexican American adults: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Diabetics', 'diabetes', 'diabetic']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['Diabetes and hearing impairment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) undergo cyclical activation and quiescence together with hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). This process is strictly controlled by the autonomous and extrinsic signaling environment. However, the modulation of factors important for the activation of McSCs for hair pigmentation remains unclear. @entity4514 ( @entity865 ) mimics vital signaling pathways involved in melanocyte growth and melanogenesis in vitro. To investigate whether @entity865 regulates quiescent McSCs for hair pigmentation, we topically smeared @entity865 on 7-week-old @entity19 dorsal skin and found that @entity865 stimulated hair growth and hair matrix pigmentation. These changes were associated with a significant increase in the number of hair bulb melanocytes. Moreover, in the @entity865 -treated group, hair bulge McSCs and hair bulb melanoblasts actively proliferated. At the molecular level, nuclear b-catenin, a key factor of Wnt/b-catenin signaling, was highly synthesized in melanocytes and keratinocytes in @entity865 -induced hair bulbs. Inhibition of Wnt/b-catenin signaling by injecting @entity26735 plasmids into @entity865 -treated skin decreased hair matrix pigmentation and inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of McSCs. Our findings suggest that the topical application of @entity865 stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of McSCs and their progeny for hair matrix pigmentation by activating Wnt/b-catenin signaling. This might provide a useful experimental model for the study of signals controlling the activation of McSCs.

title: XXXX activates hair follicle melanocytes for hair pigmentation via Wnt/b-catenin signaling.

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity4514 :: (MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for @entity1778 . No detailed biological mechanism has been proposed, but a causal link is made plausible by evidence of systemic effects of cigarette smoke and the presence in cigarette smoke of chemicals that have been associated with @entity1778 risk. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to investigate the @entity1778 risk associated with cigarette smoking in a multicenter case-control study of @entity3052 in adults. METHODS: Adults aged 18-79 with newly diagnosed @entity1778 were contacted to participate in this epidemiologic study when they entered a clinical trial to be treated under protocols sponsored by @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B. Smoking histories for 610 @entity1 with @entity3052 and 618 population control subjects were obtained by telephone interviews. We examined bone marrow samples and classified @entity1 by morphology of leukocyte precursor cells according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification system and, for 378 @entity1 , by the presence or absence of specific @entity2008 . We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for risk of @entity1778 associated with smoking cigarettes. ORs were adjusted for age, race, and sex. RESULTS: Smoking was associated with only a modest increase in risk for @entity1778 overall (adjusted OR = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89-1.44). However, among @entity1 aged 60 and older, smoking was associated with a twofold increase in risk for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.17-3.28) and a threefold increase in risk for @entity981 ( @entity981 ) (OR = 3.40; 95% CI = 0.97-11.9). Among older @entity1 , risks increased with amount and duration of smoking. Smoking was associated with increased risk for @entity3052 classified as FAB type M2 at all ages, with ORs of 1.70 (95% CI = 1.00-2.90) for those younger than 60 and 3.50 (95% CI = 1.53-8.03) for those aged 60 and older. Smoking was also associated with @entity981 at all ages, with ORs of 1.72 (95% CI = 0.90-3.27) for those younger than 60 and 5.34 (95% CI = 1.03-27.6) for those who were older. Smoking was more common among @entity1 with specific @entity2008 in @entity3052 [-7 or 7q-, -Y, +13] and in @entity981 [t(9;22)(q34;q11)]. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk for @entity1778 and may lead to @entity1778 of specific morphologic and chromosomal types. The association varies with age. IMPLICATION: Examining discrete subtypes of disease may permit more accurate assessment of risk. As standardized morphologic classification and cytogenetic and molecular evaluation of @entity1778 @entity1 becomes more common, epidemiologic studies that take advantage of these advances will begin to contribute to the identification of additional risk factors and mechanisms in @entity3052 .

title: Cigarette smoking and risk of XXXX : associations with morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities in bone marrow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL type L2', 'ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias', 'acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemia', 'leukemias', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities', 'clonal chromosome abnormalities']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6342 occur frequently. Displaced or unstable @entity174 require open reduction and internal fixation. Our objective was to investigate the clinical and radiographic results of the internal fixation using Polarus humeral nails for @entity174 of the proximal humerus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2001 to April 2006, 54 shoulders of 54 @entity1 (44 females, 10 males) underwent the intramedullary fixation using Polarus humeral nail. Mean age of the @entity1 was 66-year-old (39-89) at the time of the surgery. Fracture-type by Neer classification was 2-part (29 shoulders), 3-part (22 shoulders) and 4-part (3 shoulders). The clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: All the shoulders after osteosynthesis obtained bone-union. There was no @entity2530 of the humeral head. Functional outcome measured by JOA score averaged 81 points. Totally 43 @entity1 (79%) had satisfactory to excellent results. @entity85 was seen in 4 shoulders (8%) and the @entity85 in 4 (8%). CONCLUSION: The Polarus intramedullary humeral nail is effective for the treatment of @entity6342 .

title: Internal fixation of XXXX with a Polarus humeral nail.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures', 'Proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Varus deformity', 'deformity of the greater tuberosity']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: The effects on urodynamic parameters of i.v. administration of different drugs utilized in the therapy of detrusor instability, have been studied in conscious catheterized @entity35 . @entity50514 , @entity11440 and @entity594 affected in a dose-dependent way the @entity551 ( @entity551 ), with sporadic changes in bladder volume capacity (BVC). @entity37420 induced significant increases in BVC values in a wide range of doses. These changes, however, were always not dose-dependent. The drug significantly reduced @entity551 only at the higher administered dose (10 mg/kg). @entity29706 induced increases of bladder capacity (BVC) not dependent on the administered doses, with no changes in @entity551 ( @entity551 ). @entity3352 significantly increased BVC and weakly reduced @entity551 , but the effects were not dose-related. The effects of drugs on BVC were unrelated with the basal value of this parameter, whereas the decrease of @entity551 seems to be related to high basal values before treatment. From a quantitative point of view, cystometrographic recordings in conscious normal @entity35 can provide comparative data among drugs acting on bladder contractility ( @entity551 ) such as anticholinergics and strong @entity460 antagonists.

title: Effects of different drugs on the cystometrogram in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29706 :: ('MESH:D005422', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavoxate']

entities_list: @entity37420 :: ('MESH:C010637', 'Chemical') :: ['Terodiline']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity50514 :: ('MESH:D004629', 'Chemical') :: ['Emepronium bromide']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['micturition pressure', 'MP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Lumbar L2-L4 @entity79 ( @entity79 ) values were measured in 37 adolescent and young adult @entity2689 @entity1 . Nine had developed spontaneous puberty and had had regular menses since menarche (12.55 years +/- 1.17 years) to the time of @entity79 evaluation (14.96 years +/- 1.26 years). In the other 28, puberty was induced with increasing doses of oral @entity2082 (2.5-10.0 microg/day, for 2 years) and later administration of @entity172 /gestagen therapy up to the time of @entity79 evaluation. In 18, the adolescent group, menarche appeared at 14.68 years +/- 0.63 years and @entity79 was evaluated at 17.77 years +/- 0.70 years, and in the other 10, the young adult group, menarche appeared at 14.47 years +/- 0.53 years and @entity79 was evaluated at 20.90 years +/- 0.68 year. @entity79 values were in the normal range in those who had developed spontaneous puberty (Z score values, -0.24 +/- 0.22) and in the @entity2331 range in those in whom puberty was induced (Z score values, -2.09 +/- 0.79 and -2.18 +/- 0.32 for the adolescent and young adult groups, respectively) p < 0.0001. Height Z score values were similar in all three groups (-3.45 +/- 0.77, -3.15 +/- 0.83, and -3.08 +/- 0.33, respectively). No significant differences in @entity460 intake or physical activity were found among groups. Neither the karyotype distribution nor @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) therapy (five in the spontaneous puberty and six in the induced puberty groups had been treated for a 3.5- to 4.4-year period) explained the differences in @entity79 values. Because the main difference between groups was the availability of @entity172 to bone tissue from infancy to menarche and of @entity172 /gestagens from then on up to the time of @entity79 evaluation, our results suggest that normal gonadal function from infancy to adulthood may be required for adequate bone mass peaking. Early detection of @entity2331 and improvement in general measures for adequate bone mass peaking ( @entity460 intake and physical activity) should be considered mandatory in the health care of these @entity1 .

title: Spontaneous, but not induced, puberty permits adequate bone mass acquisition in adolescent @entity2689 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) were measured in the breathing zone air of 56 battery workers at two cokeovens during three consecutive days. The concentration of total @entity2556 ranged up to 186 micrograms/m3. Preshift and end of shift urine samples were collected to determine @entity9434 , a metabolite of @entity9435 . Control urine samples were available from 44 workers in the shipping yard of a hot rolling mill. The median values of @entity9434 in urine of smoking and non-smoking controls were 0.51 and 0.17 mumol/mol @entity1011 , respectively. Concentrations of @entity9434 up to 11.2 mumol/mol were found in the urine of the cokeoven workers. At the start of the three day working period after 32 hours off work, the @entity9434 concentrations were four times higher and at the end of the working period 10 times higher compared with control concentrations. Excretion of @entity9434 occurred with a half life of 6-35 hours. Both the ambient air monitoring data and the biological monitoring data showed that the topside workers were the heaviest exposed workers. The relation between air monitoring data and biological monitoring data was not strong. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify determinants of the internal dose. The combination of exposure and smoking amplify each other and the use of a protective airstream helmet decreases the internal dose. An effect of @entity167 consumption and the use of medication on the toxicokinetics of @entity9435 was not found.

title: Ambient and biological monitoring of cokeoven workers: determinants of the internal dose of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9434 :: ('MESH:C033146', 'Chemical') :: ['1-hydroxypyrene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence and extension of visceral organ infarction, and to evaluate potential causes, in @entity1 with autopsy-verified nonocclusive @entity2913 (NOMI) and transmural @entity1188 . SETTING: In Malm  , Sweden, the autopsy rate between 1970 and 1982 was 87%, creating possibilities for a population-based study. DESIGN: Amongst 23 446 clinical autopsies, 997 cases were coded for intestinal ischaemia in a database. In addition, 7569 forensic autopsy protocols were analysed. In a nested case-control study within the clinical autopsy cohort, four NOMI-free controls, matched for gender, age at @entity204 and year of @entity204 , were identified for each fatal NOMI case to evaluate risk factors. RESULTS: The overall incidence of autopsy-verified fatal NOMI was 2.0/100,000 @entity1 -years, increasing with age up to 40/100,000 @entity1 -years in octogenarians. @entity1 with @entity850 of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ; n = 25) were older (P = 0.002) than those without (n = 37), and had more often a concomitant @entity850 of the coeliac trunk (P < 0.001). Synchronous @entity409 occurred in one-fifth of all @entity1 . Fatal @entity712 [OR 2.9 (1.7-5.2)], history of @entity955 [OR 2.2 (1.2-4.0)] and recent surgery [OR 3.4 (1.6-6.9)] were risk factors for fatal NOMI. CONCLUSIONS: Fatal @entity712 was the leading cause of intestinal hypoperfusion, although @entity850 of the @entity6029 and coeliac trunk, @entity955 and recent surgery contributed significantly. Collaboration across specialties seems to be of utmost importance to improve the prognosis.

title: Fatal nonocclusive XXXX : population-based incidence and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2913 :: ('MESH:D008639', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['infarction in the liver, spleen or kidney']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal infarction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity2913 :: (MESH:D008639,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the outcomes of @entity1780 @entity121 after @entity1780 withdrawal. METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 with mild @entity1780 @entity121 were studied by chart review. RESULTS: Mean age at presentation was 62.1 years. Forty-nine (71.0%) of the 69 @entity1 were @entity1 . Mean duration of follow-up after @entity1780 withdrawal was 18.2 months. Muscle symptoms improved in 9 (13.0%) and completely resolved in 50 (72.5%) @entity1 . Thirteen (18.8%)/69 @entity1 had symptoms lingered beyond 14 months. @entity908 kinase (CK) levels were elevated in 52 (75.4%)/69 @entity1 at initial presentation and returned to normal in 11 (21.3%)/52 @entity1 at follow-up. Symptom improvement was not influenced by the initial presence of weakness, CK elevation, or @entity121 changes on electromyography or muscle biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle symptoms can linger beyond 14 months, and it is difficult to predict which @entity1 will have a prolonged recovery course. CK normalization often lags behind symptom improvement, and this should not be the only indication for muscle biopsy.

title: Outcomes of @entity1780 @entity121 after XXXX withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

answer: @entity1780 :: (CHEBI:35664,Chemical) :: ['statin']


abstract: @entity1064 is now a rare disease in Europe, mainly as a result of occasional antibiotherapy for concomitant @entity281 . However @entity1065 is rising in USA and Germany, and it is necessary to maintain an high level of knowledge and suspicion to achieve a diagnosis in the tertiary stage of the disease. In this report two @entity1 with benign @entity1064 are described. The first one is a 55-year-old female with erythemato-violaceous annular scaling plaques on the right buttock and scapula and on both thighs, which had a negative and then a low VDRL titer. The second case is a 33-year-old @entity1032 female with @entity527 , with psoriasiform scaling in the trunk and well defined crusted @entity1066 on the face, which also had negative VDRL. Biopsy of the @entity272 revealed plasmocytic infiltrate with endothelial swelling without @entity738 and with negative @entity575 stains in both @entity1 . The investigation for cardiovascular and neurological involvement was negative in both @entity1 . Diagnosis of @entity1064 can be difficult as clinical pictures can be misleading, similar to other @entity738 , and serological titers can be low or negative. We recall the necessity of ruling out neurological and cardiac involvement in this stage of syphilis. These cases are reported as a reminder of the possibility of syphilis, so that new cases are not misdiagnosed and mistreated as other diseases.

title: Two recent cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally handicapped']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous plaques']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1065 :: ('MESH:D013587', 'Disease') :: ['early syphilis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1064 :: ('MESH:C536774', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary syphilis', 'Tertiary syphilis']

answer: @entity1064 :: (MESH:C536774,Disease) :: ['tertiary syphilis']


abstract: Irinotecan ( @entity2600 ) and @entity3003 have broad anti- @entity5 activities. We conducted a Phase I study of @entity2600 combined with @entity3003 in previously untreated solid @entity5 , especially advanced @entity2 . The aim of the study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose-limiting @entity137 in this regimen. In addition, we prospectively evaluated the Chatelut formula for predicting @entity3003 clearance. @entity1 with advanced @entity5 were treated with @entity2600 (days 1, 8, and 15) and @entity3003 (day 1) of a fixed-target area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 5 mg x min/ml. @entity3003 dose was determined by multiplying the AUC by the clearance predicted using the Chatelut formula. The @entity2600 dose was escalated from 40 mg/m2 to the MTD by 10 mg/m2. A total of 27 @entity1 , 26 @entity2 @entity1 and 1 @entity694 @entity1 , were enrolled in this study. Dose-limiting leukoneutropenia, @entity882 , and @entity294 , including one treatment-related @entity204 , were observed at 60 mg/m2 @entity2600 , indicating that this level was the MTD. In 11 @entity1 , the actual AUCs of @entity3003 almost achieved the target AUC of 5. Fifteen (60%) of 25 evaluable @entity1 showed an objective response, with an 85% response rate [11 of 13 @entity1 (complete response, 31%; partial response, 54%)] in @entity151 and a 36% response rate (4 of 11 @entity1 ) in @entity1149 . @entity1398 , @entity882 , and @entity294 were the dose-limiting @entity137 in this regimen. @entity2600 (50 mg/m2) under the @entity3003 target AUC of 5 using the Chatelut formula was the recommended dose for further Phase II study, and this regimen seems to be active for @entity151 .

title: Phase I study of @entity2600 combined with @entity3003 in previously untreated solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancers', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: Postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, but not meiotic spermatogenic cells respond differentially with @entity413 -induced changes in [ @entity141 ]i indicating a differential transport of @entity413 via facilitative @entity12015 transporters (GLUTs) specifically distributed in the plasma membrane. Several studies have indicated that plasma membrane in @entity1 cells is not homogeneously organized, but contains specific microdomains known as detergent-resistant membrane domains (DRMDs), lipid rafts or caveolae. The association of these domains and GLUTs isoforms has not been characterized in spermatogenic cells. We analyzed the expression and function of @entity13345 and @entity13346 in isolated spermatocytes and spermatids. The results showed that spermatogenic cells express both @entity413 transporters, with spermatids exhibiting a higher affinity @entity413 transport system. In addition, spermatogenic cells express caveolin-1, and @entity413 transporters colocalize with caveolin-1 in caveolin-enriched membrane fractions. Experiments in which the integrity of caveolae was disrupted by pretreatment with @entity29170 , indicated that the involvement of @entity165 -enriched plasma membrane microdomains were involved in the localization of GLUTs and uptake of @entity897 . We also observed cofractionation of @entity13346 and caveolin-1 in low-buoyant density membranes together with their shift to higher densities after @entity29170 treatment. @entity13345 was found in all fractions isolated. Immunofluorescent studies indicated that caveolin-1, @entity13345 , and hexokinase I colocalize in spermatocytes while caveolin-1, @entity13346 , and hexokinase I colocalize in spermatids. These findings suggest the presence of @entity12015 transporters in DRMDs, and further support a role for intact caveolae or @entity165 -enriched membrane microdomains in relation to @entity413 uptake and @entity413 phosphorylation. The results would also explain the different @entity413 -induced changes in [ @entity141 ]i in both cells.

title: @entity12015 transporters @entity13345 and XXXX are colocalized with hexokinase I in caveolae microdomains of rat spermatogenic cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity29170 :: ('MESH:C108732', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-beta-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity13346 :: (25551(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GLUT3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the experience with a two-stage approach to surgical correction of the @entity2419 , wherein timing of the second stage is dependent on the judgment of the speech pathologist and the orthodontist together with the surgeon. @entity1 : Of a total of 35 @entity1 having complete unilateral clefts a sample of 22 were available for postsurgical assessment. The first-stage repair of the palate was carried out at an average age of 10.7 months (range 6 to 17 months), and the second-stage repair of the residual cleft was completed at an average age of 32.7 months (range 26 to 34 months). INTERVENTIONS: The first-stage repair of the soft palate defect involved mobilizing two short posteriorly based flaps, which extend onto the posterior quarter of the hard palate thus including up to 1 cm of mucoperiosteum. Careful freeing of the muscle is followed by an intravelar veloplasty. The later closure of the residual cleft involved turnover hinge @entity4153 . RESULTS: Eighty-seven percent of the sample had good to excellent speech as assessed by the Great Ormond Street screening method. Only two @entity1 showed evidence of @entity74 with @entity3233 . CONCLUSIONS: A two-stage surgical closure of the palate using this procedure would appear to confer several valuable advantages to the @entity1 . These include favorable outcomes for speech in the large majority of cases and minimal adverse effects on the growth of the midface region.

title: Modifying the two-stage XXXX surgical correction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['flaps and small mucoperiosteal flaps']

entities_list: @entity3233 :: ('MESH:D008313', 'Disease') :: ['Class III malocclusions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive maxillae']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['complete cleft palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palate']


abstract: Primary @entity320 of the biliary tract is an obscure entity, with only four previously reported cases. We report two cases involving the common bile duct. A 43-year-old male who underwent a right hepatectomy and excision of the extrahepatic biliary tree for a lesion at the bifurcation of the common bile duct. He remains alive and well 11 months after resection. The second @entity1 is a 45 year old male with @entity3883 due to an @entity75 . Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed with no signs of @entity3 . He is 6 years following resection without evidence of disease. This is an unusual cause of @entity3883 and a definitive search for a possible extra-biliary primary should be pursued. In appropriately selected @entity1 without evidence of @entity3 , resection can potentially afford long-term survival if these lesions are true primary lesions and not metastatic from an undefined primary. However, given the high metastatic potential of @entity320 it is unclear whether resection of these lesions results in cure or just effective long-term palliation.

title: Primary XXXX of the biliary tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity11447 is not known. Previous studies have shown that the intensity of infection varies between @entity1 . The hypothesis of this study is that @entity1944 is related to the intensity of infection. METHODS: The histological abnormalities associated with Cryptosporidium infection were evaluated in duodenal biopsy specimens from 18 @entity1 with @entity791 -associated cryptosporidiosis. The intensity of Cryptosporidium infection was assessed histologically in all @entity1 as the percentage of mucosa covered by organisms and by quantitation of oocyst excretion in the stools of 14 @entity1 . RESULTS: Duodenal biopsy specimens from 13 @entity1 (72%) showed normal villous architecture. In these @entity1 , the inflammatory component of the lamina propria was either normal or moderately increased. This increase consisted mostly of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Five of 18 @entity1 (28%) had flattening of the mucosa associated with a prominent neutrophilic infiltrate. The intensity of infection in @entity1 with villous flattening as measured from biopsy specimens and stool was significantly higher than in those without flattening (92% vs. 12% mucosa occupied with organisms; 738 x 10(3) vs. 199 x 10(3) oocyst/mL stool) (P < 0.004 in both cases). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with intestinal Cryptosporidium infection had normal duodenal villous architecture. Severe @entity154 , including flattening of the villi, were associated with high-intensity infections.

title: Duodenal morphology and intensity of infection in AIDS-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal injury']

entities_list: @entity11447 :: ('MESH:D003457', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal cryptosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal morphological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity11447 :: (MESH:D003457,Disease) :: ['intestinal cryptosporidiosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the health related quality of life in @entity465 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used generic health status and general psychological health questionnaires to determine the range of issues that needed to be considered in examining the burden of @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ). RESULTS: The health status of @entity1 with @entity6078 was lower than that observed in normal subjects. Overall, Role-Physical and General Health scales correlated with a poorer clinical status. Surprisingly, the duration of disease did not influence health status. Being female, older, General Health Questionnaire-positive and alexithymic proved to be major risk factors associated with a poor health status. @entity1 with @entity1030 and chronic @entity294 had the lowest values on the Medical Outcome Study, Short Form SF-36 (SF-36) scales. Disease severity perception was associated with the General Health Questionnaire and alexithymia status. Limitations in daily activities as a result of lower physical health were the major problems facing @entity6078 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our data underlined the importance of conducting a periodical health related quality of life assessment on @entity1 with @entity465 and, moreover, stressed the necessity of providing psychological support to at risk @entity1 .

title: Health related quality of life in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency', 'primary antibody deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity6078 :: (MESH:D017074,Disease) :: ['common variable immunodeficiency']


abstract: @entity3069 is the causative agent of the avian @entity4593 commonly known as @entity12814 ( @entity12814 ). This @entity281 causes disseminated disease, is difficult to diagnose, and is of serious concern because it causes significant mortality in birds. A new method was developed for processing specimens for an antemortem screening test for @entity12814 . This novel method uses the zwitterionic detergent @entity45546 ( @entity45546 ). Blood, bone marrow, bursa, and fecal specimens from 28 @entity4186 and swabs of 20 lesions were processed with @entity45546 for analysis by smear, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Postmortem examination confirmed nine of these birds as either positive or highly suspect for disseminated disease. The sensitivities of smear, culture, and PCR, relative to postmortem analysis and independent of specimen type, were 44.4%, 88.9%, and 100%, respectively, and the specificities were 84.2%, 57.9%, and 15.8%, respectively. Reductions in specificity were due primarily to results among fecal specimens. However, these results were clustered among a subset of birds, suggesting that these tests actually identified birds in early stages of the disease. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping identified one strain of @entity3069 (serotype 1) that was isolated from lesions, bursa, bone marrow, blood, and feces of all but three of the culture-positive birds. In birds with confirmed disease, blood had the lowest sensitivity and the highest specificity by all diagnostic methods. Swabs of lesions provided the highest sensitivity by smear and culture (33.3% and 77.8%, respectively), whereas fecal specimens had the highest sensitivity by PCR (77.8%). The results of this study indicate that processing fecal specimens with @entity45546 , followed by PCR analysis, may provide a valuable first step for monitoring the presence of @entity12814 in birds.

title: Processing postmortem specimens with @entity45546 and analysis by PCR to develop an antemortem test for @entity3069 infections in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12814 :: ('MESH:D014379', 'Disease') :: ['avian tuberculosis', 'ATB']

entities_list: @entity4593 :: ('MESH:D009165', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['M. avium', 'Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity45546 :: ('MESH:C114390', 'Chemical') :: ['C18-carboxypropylbetaine', 'CB-18']

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['ducks']


abstract: Gut-derived endotoxin is a critical factor in the development and progression of @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ). Probiotics can treat @entity167 -induced @entity99 associated with gut @entity5082 and @entity5694 in animal models, as well as in @entity1 @entity5881 ; however, the mechanism or mechanisms of their beneficial action are not well defined. We hypothesized that @entity167 impairs the adaptive response-induced @entity519 -inducible factor (HIF) and that probiotic supplementation could attenuate this impairment, restoring barrier function in a @entity19 model of @entity5881 by increasing HIF-responsive proteins (eg, @entity28841 ) and reversing established @entity5881 . C57BJ/6 @entity19 were fed the Lieber DeCarli diet containing 5% @entity167 for 8 weeks. Animals received @entity1905 (LGG) supplementation in the last 2 weeks. LGG supplementation significantly reduced @entity167 -induced @entity5694 and @entity1560 and improved liver function. LGG restored @entity167 -induced reduction of HIF-2a and @entity28841 levels. In vitro studies using the Caco-2 cell culture model showed that the addition of LGG supernatant prevented @entity167 -induced epithelial monolayer @entity409 . Furthermore, gene silencing of HIF-1a/2a abolished the LGG effects, indicating that the protective effect of LGG is HIF-dependent. The present study provides a mechanistic insight for utilization of probiotics for the treatment of @entity5881 , and suggests a critical role for intestinal @entity519 and decreased trefoil factor in the development of @entity5881 .

title: @entity1905 treatment potentiates intestinal @entity519 -inducible factor, promotes intestinal integrity and ameliorates @entity167 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['barrier dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5082 :: ('MESH:C535298', 'Disease') :: ['leakiness']

entities_list: @entity28841 :: ('21786(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['intestinal trefoil factor']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1905 :: ('568703', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: The 6-9 minute walking test was used in this study to evaluate the impact of these drugs on functional capacity of @entity1 admitted to the Hospital because of @entity712 (CHF). METHODS: Ten @entity1 (5 males and 5 females) with mean age of 47 years and NYHACHF functional class III or IV underwent a 6-9 minute walking test at admission and on the day of discharge from the Hospital. The following parameters were evaluated both at admission and discharge: body weight, echocardiography-derived LV dimensions and function, plasmatic levels of @entity1372 , @entity972 , Bun, @entity1011 , hemoglobin and hematocrit. Treatment consisted of increasing outpatient dose of @entity1483 (IV and/or PO) plus the association of @entity2740 if necessary. The previous dose regimen of digitalis, ACE inhibitors or the association @entity1507 and @entity2514 was kept unchanged. RESULTS: Time to compensation of CHF varied from 4 to 30 days (mean 8.7 +/- 7.8 days). LV end diastolic dimension varied from 47 to 81mm. LV EF spanned from 0.26 to 0.74. The 6min walking distance improved from 193.4 +/- 71.5m to 341.8 +/- 67.7m (p < 0.00002) and the 9min walking distance from 268.1 +/- 119.6m to 518.0 +/- 114.8m (p < 0.00005). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, BUN, @entity1011 and @entity1372 levels were unchanged from admission to discharge, whereas plasma @entity972 level increased from 4.0 +/- 0.9mEq/l to 4.69 +/- 1.00mEq/l (p = 0.01), and body weight was reduced from 58.9 +/- 6.42kg to 52.9 +/- 5.3lkg (p < 0.0006). CONCLUSION: Compensating CHF with diuretics leads to a significant improvement in physical capacity. This benefit already evident in the in-hospital phase.

title: [Diuretics improve functional capacity in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: AIM: Anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block injection targets the anterior superior @entity133 and the middle superior @entity133 branches of the infraorbital nerve through nutrient canals. Therefore, the central incisor to the second premolar teeth of one quadrant can be anesthetized. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of AMSA nerve block injection with 3% @entity10541 solution at three different injection sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a double-blind crossover study, 47 volunteers participated and three AMSA nerve block injections of 3% @entity10541 solution without @entity1425 were administered at the anterior, posterior, and the most common injection sites with a 1-week interval between injections. Anesthesia of the central incisor to the second premolar of the injected side was evaluated by using an electric pulp tester. The success of the injection was considered as lack of response to two consecutive 80 readings. The generalized estimating equation analytic tests were administered (a = 0.05). RESULTS: The success rate of the AMSA nerve block injection ranged from 27.5-47.5% for the most common injection site and 22.5-42.5% for both the anterior and posterior injection sites. CONCLUSION: Changing the injection site did not result in statistically significant improvements (p > 0.05). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Changing the injection site anteropos-teriorly did not influence the success rate of the AMSA nerve block injection.

title: Effect of Three Different Injection Sites on the Success of Anterior Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve Block with 3% XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar nerve']

answer: @entity10541 :: (MESH:D008619,Chemical) :: ['Mepivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that @entity36689 has a good antitumor effect but has high @entity137 , poor water solubility, a short half-life, a narrow therapeutic window, and a toxic dose that is close to the therapeutic dose, which all limit its clinical application. This study aimed to determine the targeting efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) made of @entity23207 (mPEG), @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ), @entity5731 ( @entity5731 ), and cyclic @entity369 - @entity2228 - @entity2574 (cRGD) loaded with @entity36689 , ie, @entity36689 -loaded m @entity970 - @entity7050 - @entity5731 -cRGD nanoparticles (BNPs), in SW620 @entity694 -bearing @entity19 . METHODS: BNPs showed uniform size. The size, shape, zeta potential, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and release of these nanoparticles were studied in vitro. The @entity5 targeting, cellular uptake, and growth-inhibitory effect of BNPs in vivo were tested. RESULTS: BNPs were of uniform size with an average particle size of 164    84 nm and zeta potential of 2.77 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 81.7%    0.89%, and the drug load was 3.92%    0.16%. The results of in vitro @entity137 studies showed that although the blank NPs were nontoxic, they enhanced the @entity137 of @entity36689 in BNPs. Drug release experiments showed that the release of the drug was prolonged and sustained. The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that BNPs could effectively bind to @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells. In the SW620 xenograft @entity19 model, the BNPs could effectively target the @entity5 in vivo. The BNPs were significantly more effective than other NPs in preventing @entity5 growth. CONCLUSION: BNPs had even size distribution, were stable, and had a slow-releasing and @entity5 -targeting effect. BNPs significantly inhibited @entity694 growth in vitro and in vivo. As a novel drug carrier system, BNPs are a potentially promising targeting treatment for @entity694 .

title: @entity36689 -loaded m @entity970 - @entity7050 - XXXX -cRGD nanoparticles: preparation, cellular uptake, tissue distribution, and anticancer activity.

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['PLL', 'poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity23207 :: ('MESH:C028210', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxy polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic-co-glycolic acid', 'PLGA']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity5731 :: (CHEBI:61490,Chemical) :: ['PLL']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) is catalysed by cyclo-oxygenase (COX), as is @entity1426 , and is a competitive inhibitor of @entity3899 metabolism. OBJECTIVES: We examined the effect of @entity8393 on @entity3009 (PG) D2 generation in the cultured @entity1 mast cells with IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation. METHODS: Cultured @entity1 mast cells were incubated with @entity8393 (1 micromol/L) for 20 h, then challenged with anti-IgE incubation after treatment with IgE. At the same time, COX inhibitors were tested to identify @entity9859 and @entity2247 activity. @entity8172 synthetic activity was also assayed in a cell-free homogenate of cultured mast cells with COX inhibitors and @entity8393 . @entity112 in the culture medium and in cells was assayed with the HPLC-fluorescent method. @entity8172 and PGD3 were assayed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the stable isotope dilution method. RESULTS: Although @entity8393 incubation did not affect @entity112 release by cultured @entity1 mast cells in response to IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation, it did decrease @entity8172 generation by inhibiting the @entity2247 pathway. In contrast, in the cell-free homogenate of cultured @entity1 mast cells, @entity8393 inhibited both @entity9859 and @entity2247 activities. CONCLUSION: Pre-incubation with @entity8393 primarily affects the @entity2247 pathway in cultured @entity1 mast cells and reduces @entity8172 generation in response to IgE-anti-IgE challenge incubation. These findings suggest that @entity9859 and @entity2247 have different substrate flow systems in mast cells. They also suggest that endogenous @entity8393 diet supplementation would reduce @entity8172 production and could serve as an anti-inflammatory substrate in @entity1 mast cells.

title: @entity7784 inhibits prostaglandin D2 generation by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase-2 in cultured XXXX mast cells.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A series of 48 cases of @entity320 treated at the Milan Cancer Institute from 1975 to 1990 is retrospectively reviewed. There were 34 males and 14 females, and their ages ranged from 21 to 79 years (mean, 58). The site of origin of the @entity5 was the nasal cavity in 26 cases, the oral cavity in 15, larynx in two, lip mucosa in two, pharynx in two and upper esophagus in one. At presentation, the @entity5 was limited to the primary site in 60.4% of the @entity1 . Most @entity1 (34) were treated with surgery alone. Nine were treated with surgery combined with chemo- and/or radiotherapy and five with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. Only when surgery was part of the treatment (42 of 48 cases) the @entity1 were @entity66 free, but no further relapse of disease was documented in only five of these @entity1 . The observed 2- and 5-year survival rate of the entire group was 45% and 21%, respectively. The 4-year disease-free survival rate was 7%. The median interval between therapy and the first relapse was 8.5 months (range, 1-66). In 44% of the @entity1 the first recurrence of the @entity5 was at the primary site.

title: XXXX of head and neck: forty-eight cases treated at Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mucosal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rendered disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Mucosal malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)--simultaneous administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and reduced-dose fibrinolytics before primary PCI for @entity583 ( @entity583 )--may be a promising reperfusion strategy. METHODS: The ADVANCE MI trial was intended to evaluate facilitated PCI in 5640 @entity583 @entity1 but was prematurely terminated as a result of slow recruitment over 12 months at 30 centers in the United States. @entity1 with @entity583 with planned primary PCI were randomly assigned to receive @entity15684 + 50% of standard-dose tenecteplase (which equated to 0.25 mg/kg intravenous bolus) or @entity15684 + placebo before PCI and randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial design to unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity1 were randomized (74 @entity1 in each treatment arm) and formed the "as-randomized" intention-to-treat population. However, only 69 @entity1 actually received @entity15684 + tenecteplase, and 77 actually received @entity15684 + placebo (2 @entity1 did not receive @entity15684 and 4 @entity1 randomized to tenecteplase did not receive this therapy)--these 146 @entity1 formed the "as-treated" population. Among both populations, @entity1188 patency and myocardial tissue perfusion on pre-PCI angiography were improved in the tenecteplase group, but ST-segment resolution at 60 minutes was similar. The frequency of the primary end point of @entity204 or new/worsening severe @entity712 at 30 days was higher among @entity1 treated with @entity15684 + tenecteplase in the "as-treated" (10% vs 3%, P = .09) and the "as-randomized" (11% vs 1%, P = .02) populations. Bleeding complications were 2-fold higher with @entity15684 + tenecteplase. Analysis of the results by treatment with unfractionated heparin versus @entity2120 demonstrated similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: Although definitive conclusions cannot be made as a result of the small sample size and premature study termination, facilitated PCI with @entity15684 + reduced-dose tenecteplase was associated with improved angiographic flow patterns, increases in adverse clinical outcomes, and higher bleeding rates compared with @entity15684 + placebo administered before primary PCI for @entity583 .

title: Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention for acute XXXX : results from the prematurely terminated ADdressing the Value of facilitated ANgioplasty after Combination therapy or @entity15684 monotherapy in acute @entity583 (ADVANCE MI) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity15684 :: ('MESH:C086648', 'Chemical') :: ['eptifibatide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial infarct artery']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: Resective distraction osteogenesis is a new approach to @entity79 by @entity4218 and secondary distraction osteogenesis from the same site. A @entity95 model was introduced to compare the bone-regeneration characteristics of this technique with those of simple lengthening procedures. Twenty-four skeletally mature New Zealand White @entity95 were divided into two equal groups. In the test group, limbs were lengthened after a 10-mm segmental diaphyseal bone resection and limb @entity3207 . In the control group, a @entity1538 for limb lengthening was performed without resection. New bone formation was evaluated mechanically, radiologically, histomorphometrically, and densitometrically. Bone bridging occurred in all animals. Normalized mechanical values for the newly reconstructed tibiae demonstrated similar torsional stiffness (71+/-3.3 compared with 71+/-8.2%; p = 0.95) and strength (64+/-5.3 compared with 68+/-7.3%; p = 0.66) in the two groups. The average normalized callus diameter was significantly greater in the test group than in the control group (p < 0.01). The remodeling index calculated from densitometry, however, showed a significantly less progressed stage of remodeling in the test group (p < 0.05). Histomorphometric analysis of the callus center supported this finding, showing significantly lower values for trabecular thickness (p < 0.05) and total bone volume (p < 0.01) in the test group. The results demonstrated the possibility of new bone formation after resection and monofocal @entity3207 . This suggests a new therapeutic option to treat @entity79 .

title: Primary resective XXXX followed by distraction osteogenesis for limb reconstruction: a comparison with simple lengthening.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['simple subperiosteal osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['primary limb shortening']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['treat segmental diaphyseal bone defects', 'diaphyseal segmental bone defects']

answer: @entity3207 :: (MESH:C535850,Disease) :: ['shortening']


abstract: @entity51622 is a small actin-binding protein that regulates cellular dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. In @entity958 ( @entity958 ), five profilins were identified. The vegetative class profilins, @entity51623 , @entity51624 , and @entity51622 , are expressed in vegetative organs. The reproductive class profilins, @entity51625 and @entity51626 , are mainly expressed in pollen. In this study, we examined the role of the first intron in the expression of the @entity958 @entity51622 gene family using transgenic plants and a transient expression system. In transgenic plants, we examined @entity51624 and @entity51626 , which represent vegetative and reproductive profilins. The expression of the @entity51624 promoter fused with the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was observed in the vascular bundles, but transgenic plants carrying the @entity51624 promoter-GUS with its first intron showed constitutive expression throughout the vegetative tissues. However, the first intron of @entity51626 had little effect on the reporter gene expression pattern. Transgenic plants containing @entity51626 promoter-GUS fusion with or without its first intron showed reproductive tissue-specific expression. To further investigate the different roles of the first two introns on gene expression, the first introns were exchanged between @entity51624 and @entity51626 . The first intron of @entity51626 had no apparent effect on the expression pattern of the @entity51624 promoter. But, unlike the intron of @entity51626 , the first intron of @entity51624 greatly affected the reproductive tissue-specific expression of the @entity51626 promoter, confirming a different role for these introns. The results of a transient expression assay indicated that the first intron of @entity51623 and @entity51624 enhances gene expression, whereas @entity51625 and @entity51626 do not. These results suggest that the first introns of @entity51622 genes are functionally distinctive and the first introns are required for the strong and constitutive gene expression of @entity51623 and @entity51624 in vegetative tissues.

title: Distinct roles of the first introns on the expression of XXXX @entity51622 gene family members.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: @entity1 interstitial retinoid binding protein (HIRBP) is a 136,000 m.w. photoreceptor cell protein which transports retinoids between the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The @entity535 sequence of HIRBP suggests that the molecule consists of four continuous homology domains which arose by several gene duplications some 600 to 800 million years ago. When injected into susceptible animal species, including primates, it induces an experimental autoimmune @entity1596 (EAU), a predominantly T cell-mediated @entity792 of the retina and uveal tract of the eye, and the pineal gland. In order to further refine specific sites in HIRBP responsible for its uveitopathogenicity, we synthesized 120 overlapping peptide corresponding to its entire 1262 @entity535 sequence, and tested each peptide for its ability to induce an EAU in Lewis @entity35 . Five peptides with extensive @entity535 sequence homology, designated HIRBP 715, HIRBP greater than 730 and HIRBP 745, HIRBP 778, and HIRBP 808 were uveitopathogenic when used at a 50 micrograms immunizing dose. The most potent peptide for the induction of EAU was HIRBP 715 ( @entity535 positions 521 to 540). In dose response studies as little as 0.1 microgram/animal was capable of inducing an inflammatory response. In addition, peptide HIRBP 946 which corresponds to the mid portion of peptide HIRBP 715 and contains only eight @entity1522 (RTATAAEE) was uveitopathogenic under our experimental conditions. Our study identifies multiple uveitopathogenic sites in HIRBP and further defines the @entity1522 necessary for the induction of EAU in one of these sites.

title: @entity1 interstitial retinoid binding protein. A potent uveitopathogenic agent for the induction of experimental autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']