abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear if holding angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ) prior to coronary angiography reduces contrast-induced @entity810 ( @entity810 ). We undertook a randomized trial to investigate the effect of holding ACEI/ @entity6071 therapy prior to coronary angiography on the incidence of @entity810 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 208 @entity1 with moderate @entity177 ( @entity1011 >=  1.7mg/dL within 3months and/or documented @entity1011 >=  1.5mg/dL within 1week before cardiac catheterization) to hold ACEI/ @entity6071 >= 24hours preprocedure or continue ACEI/ @entity6071 . The primary outcome was the incidence of @entity810 defined as an absolute rise in serum @entity1011 of >= 0.5mg/dL from baseline and/or a relative rise in serum @entity1011 of >= 25% compared with baseline measured at 48 to 96 hours postcardiac catheterization. RESULTS: All @entity1 were taking an ACEI (72.1%) or @entity6071 (27.9%) prior to randomization. At 48 to 96 hours, the primary outcome occurred in 18.4% of @entity1 who continued ACEI/ @entity6071 compared with 10.9% of the @entity1 who held ACEI/ @entity6071 (hazard ratio 0.59, 95% CI 0.30-1.19, P = .16). In a prespecified secondary outcome, there was a lower rise in mean serum @entity1011 after the procedure in @entity1 who held ACEI/ @entity6071 (0.3    0.5 vs 0.1    0.3mg/dL, P = .03). The clinical composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity385 , @entity712 , rehospitalization for cardiovascular cause, or need for dialysis preprocedure occurred in 3.9% who continued ACEI/ @entity6071 compared with 0% who held the ACEI/ @entity6071 (hazard ratio 0.11, 95% CI 0.01-2.96, P = .06). CONCLUSION: In this pilot study of @entity1 with moderate @entity177 undergoing cardiac catheterization, with-holding ACEI/ @entity6071 resulted in a non-significant reduction in contrast-induced @entity810 and a significant reduction in post-procedural rise of @entity1011 . This low cost intervention could be considered when referring a @entity1 for cardiac catheterization.

title: Effects of withdrawing vs continuing renin-angiotensin blockers on incidence of @entity810 in @entity1 with XXXX undergoing cardiac catheterization: Results from the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Contrast Induced Nephropathy in @entity1 Receiving Cardiac Catheterization (CAPTAIN) trial.

entities_list: @entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['angiotensin receptor blockers', 'ARB']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate short- and long-term outcomes of @entity1 with acute arterial @entity1031 of @entity2045 , focusing on postoperative @entity1031 by etiology. METHODS: Hospital records of 53 @entity1 (average age 70  years; males 49%) with acute arterial @entity1031 of @entity2045 treated between June 1993 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed, evaluating @entity1 characteristics and clinical outcomes, both short and long term. Subjects were stratified as those with (group I, 34) and without (group II, 19) @entity955 as underlying cause. RESULTS: Two patients received anticoagulation alone as conservative treatment. The remainder (n  =  51) underwent surgical revascularization. Symptoms resolved in 51 @entity1 (96%) except 2 @entity1 with @entity86 , and there was no need of amputation in all @entity1 . Overall inpatient mortality was 5.6% (3/53). @entity1 of group I suffered most of the recurrent @entity1031 (group I: 17 events, 14 @entity1 ; group II: 2 events, 2 @entity1 ) recorded during follow-up (mean duration 56.8      62.2  months). Respective event-free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5  years differed significantly by group: 77%, 44%, and 44% for group I; 100%, 100%, and 83% for group II (P  =  0.004). Among 14 @entity1 with recurrent @entity887 in group I, half of the @entity1 were not receiving anticoagulants; however, anticoagulant cessation was generally arbitrary. Overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5  years were 82%, 69%, and 52% for group I and 84%, 78%, and 70% for group II (P  =  0.21). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, surgical treatment of acute arterial @entity1031 of @entity2045 was largely successful. Especially in @entity1 with @entity955 , adequate long-term anticoagulation is indicated as prophylaxis, given the high rates of recurrent @entity1031 .

title: Therapeutic Outcomes and XXXX Events after Treatment of Acute Arterial @entity1031 of the Upper Extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative reocclusion']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Weight loss is increasingly considered as a negative prognostic marker in @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Despite the critical importance of nutritional issues in @entity746 , and the common use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ), there is a general lack of knowledge on peri-interventional treatment, optimal parameters of enteral nutrition, its timing during disease progression and its potential disease-modifying effects in @entity746 @entity1 . Here we report the results of a multi-center prospective study of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) in @entity746 . In this observational clinical trial, 89 @entity746 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled over a 3-year period and longitudinal data were collected over 18  months. @entity970 was a safe procedure even in @entity1 with low forced vital capacity, and prophylactic single-shot antibiosis as well as slow increase of caloric nutrition via @entity970 was beneficial to avoid complications. No signs of refeeding syndrome were observed. High-caloric intake (>1,500  kcal/d) via @entity970 in @entity1 that lived at least 12  months after @entity970 insertion was correlated with prolonged survival. @entity1697 was not associated with a worse prognosis. Our results suggest that peri-interventional @entity970 management should include prophylactic single-shot antibiosis, slow increase of caloric intake, and long-term high-caloric nutrition. Although our results indicate that @entity970 might be more beneficial when applied early, we believe that it can also be performed safely in @entity1 with far advanced disease. Because of its explorative and observational character, most of our results have to be confirmed by a randomized interventional trial.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in XXXX : a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Additional oral food intake']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cartilage defects resulting from @entity571 ( @entity571 ) or physical injury can severely reduce the quality of life for sufferers. Current treatment options are costly and not always effective in producing stable hyaline cartilage. Here we investigated a new treatment option that could potentially repair and regenerate damaged cartilage tissue. This novel approach involves the application of infrapatellar fat-pad derived chondroprogenitor cells onto a mechanically stable biodegradable polymer film that can be easily implanted into a defect site. Poly-  - @entity13584 (PCL) films were fabricated via solvent casting in either @entity1324 or @entity3636 . The hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, and surface morphology of the films were examined. Progenitor cells from infrapatellar fat-pad were isolated, expanded, and then seeded onto the films. The cells were allowed to self-assemble on films, and these were then cultured in a chemically defined chondrogenic media for 28 days. The self-assembled tissue was characterized via histological staining, gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical analysis. Chondrogenic differentiation was induced to generate a cartilaginous matrix upon the films. Despite differences between in the appearance, surface morphology, and mechanical properties of the films cast in @entity3636 or @entity1324 , both methods produced tissues rich in sulfated glycosaminoglycan and collagen, although the extracellular matrix produced on @entity3636 -cast films appeared to contain more collagen type II and less collagen type I than @entity1324 -cast films. These self-assembled constructs have the potential to be implanted into defect sites as a potential treatment for cartilage defect regeneration.

title: Self-Assembled Infrapatellar Fat-Pad Progenitor Cells on a Poly-  - XXXX Film For Cartilage Regeneration.

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity13584 :: ('MESH:C121056', 'Chemical') :: ['caprolactone']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity13584 :: (MESH:C121056,Chemical) :: ['Caprolactone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) disparities may widen with genomic advances. The authors compared non-Hispanic white (NHW), black, and Hispanic @entity0 survivors for 1) @entity5 risk-management practices among @entity2674 ) provider discussion and receipt of genetic testing. METHODS: A population-based sample of NHW, black, and Hispanic @entity1 who had been diagnosed with invasive @entity0 at age 50 years or younger from 2009 to 2012 were recruited through the state @entity5 registry. Multiple logistic regression was used to compare @entity5 risk-management practices in BRCA carriers and associations of demographic and clinical variables with provider discussion and receipt of testing. RESULTS: Of 1622 @entity1 , 159 of 440 (36.1%) black @entity1 , 579 of 897 (64.5%) NHW @entity1 , 58 of 117 (49.6%) Spanish-speaking Hispanic @entity1 , and 116 of 168 (69%) English-speaking Hispanic @entity1 underwent BRCA testing, of whom 90 had a pathogenic BRCA mutation identified. Among BRCA carriers, the rates of risk-reducing mastectomy and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy were significantly lower among black @entity1 compared with Hispanic and NHW @entity1 after controlling for clinical and demographic variables (P = .025 and P = .008, respectively). Compared with NHW @entity1 , discussion of genetic testing with a provider was 16 times less likely among black @entity1 (P < .0001) and nearly 2 times less likely among Spanish-speaking Hispanic @entity1 (P = .04) after controlling for clinical and sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that the rates of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy are lower among black BRCA carriers compared with their Hispanic and NHW counterparts, which is concerning because benefits from genetic testing arise from @entity5 risk-management practice options. Furthermore, lower BRCA testing rates among blacks may partially be because of a lower likelihood of provider discussion. Future studies are needed to improve @entity5 risk identification and management practices across all populations to prevent the widening of disparities. @entity5 2017.    2017 American @entity5 Society.

title: Racial disparities in BRCA testing and @entity5 risk management across a population-based sample of young XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2674 :: ('675', 'Gene') :: ['BRCA carriers and 2']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'BC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One-year mortality after @entity173 may exceed 30% with a very large number of reported risk factors. Determinants of mortality beyond 1 year are rarely described. This study employs multiple data linkages to examine mortality rates, risk factor profiles and age-specific excess mortality at intervals from 30 days to 4 years. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of linked administrative datasets describing hospital episodes, residential aged care (RAC) admissions and date of @entity204 for 2552 Australian veterans and war widows hospitalised for @entity173 in 2008-09. Associations between time to @entity204 and @entity1 age, sex, pre- @entity174 accommodation, @entity174 type, treatment options, selected comorbidities and complications were tested in Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: In a population with mean age of 86.6 years (range 54-100 years), overall @entity204 rate was 11% at 30 days, 34% at 1 year, 47% at 2 years and 67% after 4 years. For males hospitalised from @entity5180 -year mortality was 72%, contrasting with 19% for females from the community. Risk of @entity204 within 1 year was increased by male sex, increasing age, pre- @entity174 RAC residency, transfer to intensive care and coexistent @entity5 , @entity177 , @entity66 and pressure @entity1066 . @entity1 selected for rehabilitation had lower mortality rates. Patterns of determinants for mortality changed over time. Above-expected age-specific mortality was sustained for 4 years except for males 90 years and older. CONCLUSION: Pre- @entity174 RAC residence was the strongest determinant factor for mortality. @entity1 selected for rehabilitation had lower mortality rates. The profiles of explanatory variables for @entity204 altered with increasing time from the index @entity174 event.

title: Risk factor profiles for early and delayed mortality after XXXX : Analyses of linked Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs databases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and renal failure']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic (Lap) surgery has not been established as a standard procedure for locally advanced @entity694 . Here, we evaluated the safety and feasibility of Lap multivisceral resection (MVR) for @entity5 that had invaded adjacent organs (T4b). METHODS: We performed retrospective analyses using a single institutional database. Eighty-four @entity1 who underwent Lap or open MVR for surgical T4b primary @entity694 satisfied the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Among the 84 @entity1 , 48 underwent Lap MVR and 36 underwent open MVR. More @entity1 in the open group were clinical T4b and were receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1 in the open group had worse performance status (P  =  0.037) and @entity5 of greater diameter. Lap completion was achieved in 42 cases (87.5%); the conversion rate was highest in cases involving the urinary tract (40.0%). Lap reconstruction of the bladder or ureter was extremely challenging, and therefore, adjacent organ reconstruction influenced Lap completion. Regarding perioperative outcomes, Lap was superior to open surgery in terms of intraoperative @entity190 , morbidity, and postoperative hospital stay. Conversion was required in six cases; five were strategic conversions, and conversion was not associated with severe morbidity. The microscopic positive surgical margin rate was not higher in the Lap group than in the open group. Kaplan-Meier analyses of overall and disease-free survival were comparable between the groups. Cox regression analyses revealed that the operative approach did not have a significant adverse effect on long-term outcomes. CONCLUSION: The Lap approach could be considered for surgical @entity5 , except for urinary tract invasion cases that require complicated reconstruction.

title: Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic multivisceral resection for surgical XXXX : Retrospective analyses.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T4b cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['T4b colon cancers']


abstract: We have characterized and analyzed @entity442 - and insulin-stimulated cell growth, receptor binding, and autophosphorylation in the @entity1 @entity1778 cell line HL-60. @entity442 -stimulated cell growth occurred at low (5 ng/ml) and insulin stimulated only at high (500 ng/ml) concentrations. Binding of 125I- @entity442 to partially purified plasma membrane proteins followed the characteristics of @entity2856 binding. 125I- @entity442 binding, as determined by chemical cross-linking, occurred to a 145-kDa protein. @entity442 , as well as insulin, stimulated the autophosphorylation of a 105-kDa band (pp105), but we could not detect a 95-kDa band corresponding to the known molecular mass of the @entity442 -subunits. Phosphorylation of pp105 followed the dose-response characteristics of the @entity2856 . The phosphorylation of pp105 occurred at @entity669 and @entity1889 , and the pattern of HPLC tryptic peptide maps showed marked differences when compared with that of a phosphorylated insulin receptor beta-subunit. Enzymatic deglycosylation of pp105 resulted only in a slight reduction of the molecular weight. These data suggest that pp105 is the beta-subunit of an @entity442 receptor variant with a higher molecular weight, similar to that found in fetal tissue. The HL-60 cell may acquire, at least in part, malignant growth characteristics through reexpression of the fetal version of the @entity2856 .

title: An altered @entity2856 is present in XXXX @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I and insulin receptor beta', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A combination of cetuximab and @entity2857 in @entity1 with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) @entity213 ( @entity213 ) were assessed for potential benefit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a randomized phase II study, R/M @entity213 @entity1 were treated with cetuximab 400mg/m(2) IV on day 1 followed by 250mg/m(2) IV weekly (Arm A), or cetuximab at the same dose/schedule plus @entity2857 400mg PO twice-a-day (Arm B). Each cycle was 21days. Tumor @entity986 and HPV status, and plasma immunomodulatory cytokine levels were assessed. RESULTS: Of 55 @entity1 enrolled (Arm A-27, Arm B-28), 52 @entity1 received assigned treatments and 43 were evaluable for response. Overall response rate was 8% for both arms. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 9.0 and 3.0months in Arm A, and 5.7 and 3.2months in Arm B, respectively. Forty-four @entity1 had @entity5 available for @entity986 staining (35-negative, 9-positive). Three of nine @entity986 -positive @entity5 were also HPV positive. The @entity986 -negative @entity1 had significantly better PFS compared to the @entity986 -positive @entity1 (3.7 vs. 1.6months; p-value: 0.03), regardless of study arms. Twenty-four plasma samples were tested for 12 cytokine levels and @entity1 with higher @entity2533 levels had inferior PFS compared to lower levels (1.9 vs. 4.7months; adjusted p-value: 0.015), regardless of study arms. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of R/M @entity1 with @entity986 -negative @entity5 or lower plasma @entity2533 levels had longer PFS given the cetuximab-based therapy. However, both arms showed only modest response and @entity2857 given with cetuximab did not demonstrate clinical benefit.

title: A randomized phase II efficacy and correlative studies of cetuximab with or without XXXX in recurrent and/or metastatic @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adjunctive pharmacological agents are extensively used in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity161 . This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of the use of adjunctive agents, the extent to which their use conforms with @entity161 @entity1 Outcomes Research Team (PORT) recommendations for adjunctive pharmacological treatment and the relationship of conformance with treatment recommendations to demographic and clinical variables and to symptoms and level of function. METHOD: Outpatients with @entity161 (N=344) underwent an extensive interview, and their medical records were reviewed. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, medications, and role functioning were collected. RESULTS: More than two-thirds of the outpatients received antiparkinsonian agents, and 50% received an adjunctive agent other than an antiparkinsonian agent. Fifty-four (15.7%) outpatients received two or more non-anti- @entity191 adjunctive agents. Rates of conformance with the PORT treatment recommendations for the use of adjunctive agents ranged from 49% to 65%, depending on the type of agent. Ethnicity and diagnosis were the only two @entity1 characteristics that were consistently related to conformance with PORT treatment recommendations. The treatment recommendation for adjunctive mood stabilizers was the only recommendation for which conformance was related to multiple measures of @entity1 ' symptoms and level of function. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive agents are widely used in the pharmacological treatment of @entity1 with @entity161 , but there is a limited relationship between use of these agents in conformance with treatment recommendations and measures of symptoms and level of function. Longitudinal, prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical utility of adjunctive agents.

title: Relationship of the use of adjunctive pharmacological agents to symptoms and level of function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: A 3-yr-old female Flemish Giant pet @entity95 developed a @entity1185 on the right nictitating membrane. Although the @entity1185 was excised surgically, it promptly recurred. Examination of the eye 10 wk after surgery revealed that in addition to the initial mass, 2 @entity1185 were present on the lower eyelid. All 3 masses were excised, and histology revealed @entity1373 of the conjunctival epithelium, koilocytosis, and intranuclear viral inclusions. Polymerase chain reaction amplified papillomaviral DNA from the @entity1185 . Sequencing of the amplicon revealed 99.3% homology with @entity64401 ( @entity64401 ). All 3 masses recurred after removal. In addition, the @entity95 was noted to be losing weight. Weight loss continued until the @entity95 died 3 mo later. All 3 @entity1185 persisted until @entity204 . This article provides the fi rst description of @entity64401 causing @entity3169 and is the fi rst report of @entity64401 from the southern hemisphere. The persistence of the @entity1185 in this case is also unusual and may suggest that @entity64401 -induced @entity3169 are less likely than @entity1185 to spontaneously regress. Alternatively, the @entity204 of this @entity95 may indicate a compromised immune system that allowed papillomaviral persistence.

title: Persistent XXXX due to oral papillomavirus infection in a @entity95 in New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['oral papillomas', 'papillomas', 'largest papilloma', 'smaller papillomas', 'papilloma']

entities_list: @entity64401 :: ('122291', 'Species') :: ['ROPV', 'rabbit oral papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival papillomas']

answer: @entity3169 :: (MESH:D003229,Disease) :: ['conjunctival papilloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether depot @entity3086 is effective in @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ) and whether symptom type or severity affects therapeutic or hormonal responses and the incidence of adverse events. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 who met strict diagnostic criteria for @entity3010 completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month crossover trial at a university medical center. Depot @entity3086 (3.75 mg/month) or saline was administered intramuscularly for three consecutive treatment cycles. Efficacy, adverse events, and hormone concentrations were assessed at each visit. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze continuous data, and ordinal and binary data were analyzed using nonparametric techniques. RESULTS: Depot @entity3086 treatment was significantly more effective than placebo on all rating scales. Irritability, neurologic symptoms, breast tenderness, and fatigue were most responsive to treatment. Symptoms were reduced to follicular phase levels only in @entity1 without @entity308 . Those with moderate @entity308 improved but remained clinically symptomatic, whereas the group with severe @entity308 showed no improvement on any efficacy measure. Adverse events were lowest in those without @entity308 and highest in those with severe @entity308 . @entity3086 suppressed @entity53 and @entity1420 in most @entity308 groups but had varying effects on gonadotropins. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3086 treatment reduced both behavioral and physical symptoms and was well tolerated in the absence of severe @entity308 . @entity1 should be evaluated for @entity308 severity before receiving a GnRH agonist. The differential response to @entity3086 suggests that it may possess diagnostic value in determining distinct subtypes of @entity3010 .

title: Efficacy of depot @entity3086 in XXXX : effect of symptom severity and type in a controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide', 'Leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'premenstrual syndrome']

answer: @entity3010 :: (MESH:D011293,Disease) :: ['premenstrual syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytokine-induced mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to the circulation facilitates efficient harvest of blood stem cells by leukapheresis. Up to 30% of autologous, and 10-20% of allogeneic blood stem-cell donors respond poorly to mobilizing cytokines and preliminary studies implicated a circulating inhibitor of mobilization. METHODS: In this study, plasma from 11 allogeneic and 23 autologous stem cell donors was assayed for inhibition of mobilization in @entity19 . RESULTS: There were significant correlations between @entity2280 (+) cells collected/kg @entity1 donor weight and spleen weight, @entity2280 (+) @entity1195 (+) cells, GMCFC and @entity21427 per spleen in @entity19 recipients of these plasma samples. Overall, there was a positive association between transforming growth factor beta ( @entity641 ) levels and @entity2280 (+) cells per liter of blood processed (LBP). However, when arbitrarily segregated into good versus poor mobilizers, based on less or greater than 15 million @entity2280 (+) cells collected per LBP, the majority (64%) of normal donors were good mobilizers. The majority of the poor mobilizers (83%) were @entity1 . For a subset of 12 individuals whose plasma strongly inhibited mobilization in the @entity19 , a significant positive correlation of the extent of inhibition with @entity641 levels was found. For 11 individuals whose plasma, based on colony assays, enhanced mobilization when injected into @entity19 , no correlation with @entity641 levels was evident. DISCUSSION: Elevated plasma @entity641 levels in some stem-cell donors may be associated with poor stem-cell mobilization. It remains to be determined whether elevation of @entity641 levels is a cause of, or a compensatory response to, poor mobilization.

title: Plasma from poorly mobilizing @entity1 subjects inhibits cytokine-induced XXXX blood stem-cell mobilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity16258 exoD mutants are @entity3 and, as a consequence, the nodules that exoD strains induce fail to fix @entity1568 . These nodules appear to be arrested at the same stage as nodules induced by other exo mutants, which do not make an acidic exopolysaccharide called EPS I, or by ndv mutants, which do not produce a periplasmic cyclic beta(1,2) glucan. However previous genetic and biochemical evidence suggested that the nodule invasion defect of exoD mutants arose from a biochemical deficiency distinct from those of both @entity21 exo mutants and ndv mutants. In this study, we characterize mutant phenotypes of exoD strains in both free-living and symbiotic states. Nodules induced by exoD mutants are generally small and empty of bacteria, and exhibit the same structural features as nodules induced by other @entity3 mutants. Putative incipient @entity281 threads were visible in outer cortical cells of these nodules but not in the plant cells in the interior of the nodule. We show that exoD mutants are sensitive to alkaline conditions, ceasing to grow at elevated pH in liquid @entity375 extract cultures and exhibiting decreased viability in alkaline medium. Interestingly, we find that buffering the plant growth medium at slightly acidic pH (6.0-6.5) restores the ability of exoD mutants to invade alfalfa nodules. exoD mutants are thus alkali sensitive for both free-living and symbiotic phenotypes. This result implies that the nodule invasion defect of exoD mutants arises from their sensitivity to alkaline conditions and, furthermore, that alkaline conditions may obtain in the developing @entity281 thread. The deduced @entity535 sequence of ExoD is extremely hydrophobic, suggesting that the protein is membrane associated. We propose models whereby absence of a putative membrane protein might lead to sensitivity to alkaline conditions and consequent arrest of nodule invasion.

title: Acidic conditions permit effective nodulation of alfalfa by @entity3 XXXX exoD mutants.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in invasion of alfalfa nodules', 'invasion-deficient']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['EPS I-deficient']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity16258 :: (382,Species) :: ['Rhizobium meliloti']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of two intravenous maintenance fluids on plasma @entity1372 ( @entity4024 ), and acid-base balance in pediatric intensive care @entity1 during the first 24h of hospitalization. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was performed, which allocated 233 @entity1 to groups: (A) @entity4202 0.9% or (B) @entity4202 0.45%. @entity1 were aged 1 day to 18 years, had normal electrolyte concentrations, and suffered an acute insult (medical/surgical). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURED: change in plasma @entity1372 . Parametric tests: t-tests, ANOVA, X(2) statistical significance level was set at a=0.05. RESULTS: Group A (n=130): serum @entity4024 increased by 2.91 (  3.9)mmol/L at 24h (p<0.01); 2% @entity1 had @entity4024 higher than 150mmol/L. Mean urinary @entity4024 : 106.6 (  56.8)mmol/L. No change in pH at 0 and 24h. Group B (n=103): serum @entity4024 did not display statistically significant changes. Fifteen percent of the @entity1 had @entity4024 <135mmol/L at 24h. The two fluids had different effects on respiratory and post-operative situations. CONCLUSIONS: The use of saline 0.9% was associated with a lower incidence of electrolyte disturbances.

title: The effect of XXXX 0.9% and @entity4202 0.45% on @entity1372 , chloride, and acid-base balance in a PICU population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity4202 :: (D012965,Chemical) :: ['NaCl']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cervical artery dissections (CDs) are among the most common causes of @entity64 in young and middle-aged adults. The aim of this scientific statement is to review the current state of evidence on the diagnosis and management of CDs and their statistical association with cervical manipulative therapy (CMT). In some forms of CMT, a high or low amplitude thrust is applied to the cervical spine by a healthcare professional. METHODS: Members of the writing group were appointed by the American Heart Association @entity64 Council's Scientific Statements Oversight Committee and the American Heart Association's Manuscript Oversight Committee. Members were assigned topics relevant to their areas of expertise and reviewed appropriate literature, references to published clinical and epidemiology studies, morbidity and mortality reports, clinical and public health guidelines, authoritative statements, personal files, and expert opinion to summarize existing evidence and to indicate gaps in current knowledge. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1050 may present with @entity10 , @entity158 , or cerebral or retinal @entity63 (transient @entity385 ) attributable mainly to @entity1416 , @entity129 , @entity392 . Diagnosis of @entity1050 depends on a thorough history, physical examination, and targeted ancillary investigations. Although the role of trivial @entity130 is debatable, mechanical forces can lead to intimal injuries of the vertebral arteries and internal carotid arteries and result in @entity1050 . Disability levels vary among @entity1050 @entity1 with many having good outcomes, but serious neurological sequelae can occur. No evidence-based guidelines are currently available to endorse best management strategies for CDs. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatments are both used for prevention of local thrombus and secondary @entity887 . Case-control and other articles have suggested an epidemiologic association between @entity1050 , particularly @entity4066 , and CMT. It is unclear whether this is due to lack of recognition of preexisting @entity1050 in these @entity1 or due to @entity130 caused by CMT. Ultrasonography, computed tomographic angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance angiography are useful in the diagnosis of @entity1050 . Follow-up neuroimaging is preferentially done with noninvasive modalities, but we suggest that no single test should be seen as the gold standard. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1050 is an important cause of @entity385 in young and middle-aged @entity1 . @entity1050 is most prevalent in the upper cervical spine and can involve the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery. Although current biomechanical evidence is insufficient to establish the claim that CMT causes @entity1050 , clinical reports suggest that mechanical forces play a role in a considerable number of CDs and most population controlled studies have found an association between CMT and @entity64 in young @entity1 . Although the incidence of CMT-associated @entity1050 in @entity1 who have previously received CMT is not well established, and probably low, practitioners should strongly consider the possibility of @entity1050 as a presenting symptom, and @entity1 should be informed of the statistical association between @entity1050 and CMT prior to undergoing manipulation of the cervical spine.

title: Cervical @entity4066 and association with cervical manipulative therapy: a statement for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american XXXX association.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['CD cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['VAD stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['artery-artery embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['oculosympathetic palsy, or pulsatile tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['posterior cervical pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral headaches']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic or strokes', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low anterior resection for distal and mid-rectal @entity5 is associated with high positive resection margins. Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) is a new treatment in which the rectum is dissected transanally according to TME principles. The short-term results and oncological follow-up of the first 80 @entity1 were described. METHODS: Between June 2012 and September 2014, all @entity1 in the Gelderse Vallei Hospital and the VU University Medical Center with histologically proven distal or @entity189 without evidence of distant metastases underwent TaTME. @entity1 with T4 @entity5 were excluded. Transanal mobilization was performed with the aid of a single port and endoscopic instruments according to TME criteria. RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 were operated in a period of 2  years. Laparotomy was recommended and performed in four @entity1 . Postoperative morbidity was 39  %. Ten (12  %) complications were graded as severe (Clavien-Dindo grade 3, 4 and 5) and needed re-intervention. Median operative time was 204  min (range 91-447). Median hospital stay was 8  days (range 3-41). Specimens were graded as complete in 88  % of the @entity1 , nearly complete in 9  % and incomplete in 3  %. A positive circumferential resection margin (<2  mm) was observed in two @entity1 . During the two and half years study period, a local recurrence was observed in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: TaTME is a safe alternative to standard laparoscopic TME in selected low-risk @entity1 with @entity189 when treated by an experienced colorectal team. In the future, randomized trials are necessary to prove its oncological safety.

title: Transanal total mesorectal excision for XXXX : short-term outcomes and experience after 80 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma', 'mid-rectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep @entity62 with subsequent cavitation due to @entity39 and liquefaction has been described in neonates and may be associated with @entity281 and @entity693 . In our experience, the MRI pattern of these lesions is confused with the pattern seen with cerebral abscesses. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to characterize the MRI findings of post infarction @entity39 and liquefaction after @entity62 in @entity1 and to distinguish these lesions from cerebral abscesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institutional review board approved a retrospective review of imaging records to identify all @entity1 with cerebral @entity1188 at a @entity1 's hospital during a 10-year period. Nine @entity1 had deep @entity62 with white matter fluid signal cavitary lesions. A diagnosis of @entity867 was considered in all. The imaging and laboratory findings in these @entity1 are reviewed and compared to descriptions of abscesses found in the literature. RESULTS: There were six female and three male @entity1 . The mean age at presentation was 20  days (range: 0-90  days), while the corrected age at presentation was less than 30  days for all @entity1 . Seven @entity1 presented with @entity410 and signs of @entity281 ; one @entity1 presented with lethargy and later proved to have @entity7131 . MRI was performed 0-12  days from presentation in these eight @entity1 . Another @entity1 with known @entity7131 underwent MRI at 30  days for follow-up of screening US abnormalities. There were a total of 38 deep cerebral white matter fluid signal cavitary lesions: 25 frontal, 9 parietal, 2 temporal, 2 occipital. @entity75 had dependent debris. All lesions had associated @entity548 and many lesions had evidence of adjacent small vessel venous @entity715 . Lesions imaged after @entity2287 showed peripheral enhancement. Three lesions increased in size on follow-up imaging. Three @entity1 , two with @entity693 confirmed via microbiology and one with presumed @entity693 by @entity2841 counts, underwent surgical aspiration of a total of six lesions. All specimens were sent for pathology and culture and were negative for microorganisms. CONCLUSION: Recognizing the MR appearance of cavitary @entity39 and liquefaction after deep white matter cerebral @entity1188 in neonates can distinguish this entity from @entity867 and potentially avoid an unnecessary neurosurgical aspiration procedure.

title: XXXX and liquefaction: a pseudo- @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Larger lesions']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic deep white matter venous infarction', 'white matter hemorrhagic venous infarction']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral abscess']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['Neonatal deep white matter venous infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether centenarians have a unique set of @entity1314 traits, which may in part explain their longevity. METHODS: 79 Australian centenarians completed the NEO Five Factory Inventory (NEO-FFI), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD- @entity43179 ) and Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) to assess different dimensions of their personalities. Centenarians were asked to answer items of the NEO-FFI, CD- @entity43179 and LOT-R based on current views, and were then asked to recall in the presence of an informant (e.g. carers, offspring) on past @entity1314 (i.e. at mid-adult-life). Both sets of answers were recorded and analysed. RESULTS: Centenarians were currently low in @entity1538 and Extraversion and high in @entity663 , but were low in @entity1538 and high in @entity663 , Conscientiousness and Extraversion when reflecting on past traits. Currently, centenarians in high care facilities reported higher levels of @entity663 , as did centenarians who did not socialize. Cognitively intact centenarians reported higher levels of Agreeableness; and males reported lower @entity663 compared to females when reflecting on past experiences. DISCUSSION: Centenarians were characterized by several @entity1314 traits, which facilitated positive health behaviors and thus contributed to their longevity. It is possible that @entity1314 may not be static across the lifespan, but instead, reflect advancing age, psychosocial factors and changes in life circumstances.

title: The contribution of XXXX to longevity: Findings from the Australian Centenarian Study.

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroticism']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Higher urate levels are associated with higher risk of CKD, but the association between urate and AKI is less established. This study evaluated the risk of hospitalized AKI associated with urate concentrations in a large population-based cohort. To explore whether urate itself causes @entity8 , the study also evaluated the relationship between a genetic urate score and AKI. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: A total of 11,011 @entity1 from the @entity731 Risk in Communities study were followed from 1996-1998 (baseline) to 2010. The association between baseline plasma urate and risk of hospitalized AKI, adjusted for known AKI risk factors, was determined using Cox regression. Interactions of urate with gout and CKD were tested. Mendelian randomization was performed using a published genetic urate score among the @entity1 with genetic data (n=7553). RESULTS: During 12 years of follow-up, 823 @entity1 were hospitalized with AKI. Overall, mean @entity1 age was 63.3 years, mean @entity470 was 86.3 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and mean plasma urate was 5.6 mg/dl. In @entity1 with plasma urate >5.0 mg/dl, there was a 16% higher risk of hospitalized AKI for each 1-mg/dl higher urate (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.23; P<0.001). When stratified by history of gout, the association between higher urate and AKI was significant only in @entity1 without a history of gout (P for interaction=0.02). There was no interaction of CKD and urate with AKI, nor was there an association between genetic urate score and AKI. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma urate >5.0 mg/dl was independently associated with risk of hospitalized AKI; however, Mendelian randomization did not provide evidence for a causal role of urate in AKI. Further research is needed to determine whether lowering plasma urate might reduce AKI risk.

title: Plasma Urate and Risk of a Hospital Stay with AKI: The XXXX Risk in Communities Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A substantial body of evidence supports the hypothesis of a vascular component in the pathogenesis of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity1779 and blood-brain barrier dysfunction have been indicated as key elements of this pathway. @entity8267 ( @entity8267 ) is a @entity1504 , frequent in @entity195 , characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-b (Ab) peptide in cerebral blood vessel walls. @entity8267 is associated with loss of vascular integrity, resulting in impaired regulation of cerebral circulation, and increased susceptibility to @entity2806 , microhemorrhages, and @entity62 . Vasomotion- the spontaneous rhythmic modulation of arterial diameter, typically observed in arteries/arterioles in various vascular beds including the brain- is thought to participate in tissue perfusion and @entity26 delivery regulation. Vasomotion is impaired in adverse conditions such as hypoperfusion and @entity519 . The perivascular and glymphatic pathways of Ab clearance are thought to be driven by the systolic pulse. Vasomotion produces diameter changes of comparable amplitude, however at lower rates, and could contribute to these mechanisms of Ab clearance. In spite of potential clinical interest, studies addressing cerebral vasomotion in the context of @entity195 / @entity8267 are limited. This study reviews the current literature on vasomotion, and hypothesizes potential paths implicating @entity73 in @entity195 / @entity8267 . Ab and oxidative stress cause @entity455 through direct effects on vascular cells, and indirect effects mediated by @entity531 . Vascular tone dysregulation is further aggravated by cholinergic deficit and results in @entity308 and (possibly) impaired vasomotion, aggravating regional hypoperfusion and promoting further Ab and oxidative stress accumulation.

title: Is Vasomotion in Cerebral Arteries Impaired in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity8267 :: ('MESH:D016657', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral amyloid angiopathy', 'CAA']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tone dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed cerebrovascular reactivity']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cerebral vasomotion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter damage']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['impaired neurovascular coupling']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Experimental placental restriction (PR) by carunclectomy in fetal @entity742 results in @entity1592 (IUGR), chronic hypoxemia, increased plasma @entity701 , and decreased lung surfactant protein (SP) expression. The mechanisms responsible for decreased SP expression are unknown but may involve decreased glucocorticoid (GC) action or changes in hypoxia signaling. Endometrial caruncles were removed from nonpregnant ewes to induce PR. Lungs were collected from control and PR fetuses at 130-135 (n = 19) and 139-145 (n = 28) days of gestation. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to quantify lung mRNA and protein expression, respectively, of molecular regulators and downstream targets of the GC and hypoxia-signaling pathways. We confirmed a decrease in @entity63904 , but not @entity63905 , mRNA expression in PR fetuses at both ages. There was a net downregulation of GC signaling with a reduction in GC receptor (GR)-a and -b protein expression and a decrease in the cofactor, @entity63906 . GC-responsive genes including transforming growth factor-b1, @entity18732 , and b2-adrenergic receptor were not stimulated. @entity10783 hydroxylase domain (PHD)2 mRNA and protein and PHD3 mRNA expression increased with a concomitant increase in hypoxia-inducible factor-1a ( @entity47234 ) and HIF-1b mRNA expression. There was an increase in mRNA expression of several, but not all, hypoxia-responsive genes. Hence, both GC and hypoxia signaling may contribute to reduced SP expression. Although acute hypoxia normally inactivates PHDs, chronic hypoxemia in the PR fetus increased PHD abundance, which normally prevents HIF signaling. This may represent a mechanism by which chronic hypoxemia contributes to the decrease in SP production in the IUGR fetal lung.

title: Increased lung XXXX hydroxylase and decreased glucocorticoid receptor are related to decreased surfactant protein in the growth-restricted @entity742 fetus.

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity10783 :: (CHEBI:26274,Chemical) :: ['prolyl']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Magnetism is an intriguing physical cue that can alter the behaviors of a broad range of cells. Nanocomposite scaffolds that exhibit magnetic properties are thus considered useful 3D matrix for culture of cells and their fate control in repair and regeneration processes. Here we produced magnetic nanocomposite scaffolds made of @entity3703 nanoparticles (MNPs) and @entity4351 ( @entity4351 ), and the effects of the scaffolds on the adhesion, growth, migration and odontogenic differentiation of @entity1 dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were investigated. Furthermore, the associated signaling pathways were examined in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms in the cellular events. The magnetic scaffolds incorporated with MNPs at varying concentrations (up to 10%wt) supported cellular adhesion and multiplication over 2 weeks, showing good viability. The cellular constructs in the nanocomposite scaffolds played significant roles in the stimulation of adhesion, migration and odontogenesis of HDPCs. Cells were shown to adhere to substantially higher number when affected by the magnetic scaffolds. Cell migration tested by in vitro wound closure model was significantly enhanced by the magnetic scaffolds. Furthermore, odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs, as assessed by the alkaline phosphatase activity, mRNA expressions of odontogenic markers ( @entity21954 , @entity25882 ,osteocalcin, and ostepontin), and @entity622 staining, was significantly stimulated by the magnetic scaffolds. Signal transduction was analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy. The magnetic scaffolds upregulated the integrin subunits (a1, a2, b1 and b3) and activated downstream pathways, such as FAK, paxillin, @entity1435 , @entity3963 MAPK, and NF-kB. The current study reports for the first time the significant impact of magnetic scaffolds in stimulating @entity146 , including cell migration and odontogenesis, implying the potential usefulness of the magnetic scaffolds for dentin-pulp tissue engineering.

title: Magnetic Nanocomposite Scaffold-Induced Stimulation of Migration and Odontogenesis of XXXX Dental Pulp Cells through Integrin Signaling Pathways.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['HDPC behaviors']

entities_list: @entity3703 :: ('MESH:D052203', 'Chemical') :: ['magnetite']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin red']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['polycaprolactone', 'PCL']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with acute @entity490 commonly present to emergency departments. The safe and effective relief of discomfort is a concern to @entity1 and physicians. Intravenous opioids are the traditional method used to provide @entity158 relief in this setting, but intravenous access is time consuming and not always achievable. Alternative methods of @entity158 control may therefore be necessary for the acute management of @entity158 without adding to the overall physical or psychological discomfort. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of nebulized @entity3575 (NF) in the alleviation of acute and undifferentiated @entity490 . We also sought to compare NF with intravenous @entity1286 (IVM) and to assess @entity1 and provider satisfaction with NF. Nebulized @entity3575 (2  g/kg) was compared to IVM (0.1 mg/kg) at 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes; and @entity1 and physician satisfaction was recorded. The NF group experienced more @entity158 relief and more sustained and clinically significant @entity158 relief over the 40-minute study interval. There were no adverse effects noted in the NF group. Both @entity1 and physician satisfaction scores were higher in the NF group. @entity3575 at a dose of 2  g/kg through a breath-actuated nebulizer appears to be a feasible and safe alternative to IVM (0.1 mg/kg) in the treatment of acute @entity490 .

title: Nebulized @entity3575 vs intravenous XXXX for ED @entity1 with acute @entity490 : a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'rapid pain', 'painful conditions']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['Fentanyl citrate', 'fentanyl']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 are common in older @entity1 but their relationship with @entity303 and @entity73 remains controversial. METHODS: @entity1 were 164 older Catholic nuns, priests, and brothers who underwent annual clinical evaluation and brain autopsy at @entity204 . The authors quantified number and volume of old @entity385 on postmortem examination and determined the association with @entity303 and @entity73 proximate to @entity204 . Analyses controlled for age, sex, and education. RESULTS: A total of 58 (35.4%) subjects had @entity385 : 29 had one @entity1188 and 29 had multiple @entity1188 . In logistic regression analyses, @entity1188 increased the odds of @entity303 twofold (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.06 to 4.25). The odds of @entity303 increased by 2.67-fold for multiple @entity1188 (95% CI 1.08 to 6.61), whereas the odds of @entity303 with single @entity1188 increased by 69% (95% CI 0.70 to 4.09). In linear regression analyses, there was a trend for multiple @entity1188 to be associated with lower global cognitive scores (-0.44 standard units, p = 0.057). @entity1188 were related to perceptual speed, @entity2414 , but not to episodic or semantic memory. The authors found similar results with @entity1188 volume. In secondary analyses, only @entity1188 that were clinically evident during life were associated with @entity303 and @entity73 . CONCLUSION: @entity385 are associated with a twofold increase in odds of @entity303 . Odds are higher in @entity1 with multiple, large, or clinically evident @entity1188 . In addition, @entity385 do not affect all cognitive systems equally, showing the strongest association with perceptual speed and the weakest with episodic memory.

title: Relation of @entity385 to XXXX and @entity73 in older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'Multiple infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial skills, and working memory']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarctions', 'cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: In previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) the combination of @entity1205 and @entity136 is active and well tolerated. In the phase II setting using a 3-week schedule, response rates (RR) ranged from 25 to 50%, and median survival from 11 to 13 months. Preliminary data with weekly and bi-weekly schedules indicate maintained efficacy while reducing the risk of @entity1398 . A randomized phase III trial has shown that the combination of @entity1205 and @entity136 is as active as @entity1205 plus @entity900 , achieving a 1-year survival rate of 39%, with significantly less @entity1398 and gastro-intestinal @entity137 . The combination of @entity1205 with @entity1206 is equally active and the associated @entity137 are manageable. In phase II studies the average response rate is 40%, and in one study using a 2-week schedule the 1-year survival rate was 60%. With this combination @entity1398 is the commonest adverse event while clinically significant @entity16 is infrequent. In a randomized phase II trial, @entity1205 plus @entity900 was compared to @entity1205 plus @entity2600 . The non- @entity902 doublet achieved comparable levels of activity, though with a different @entity137 profile (more @entity294 but less @entity390 and @entity391 ). The combination of @entity1205 with @entity2600 and @entity3003 has achieved 1-year survival of 55%. All three @entity1205 combinations ( @entity136 , @entity1206 , and @entity2600 ) could provide a valuable alternative to @entity902 -based chemotherapy and should be further evaluated in phase III setting.

title: Challenging the @entity902 combinations in the chemotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective @entity2247 inhibitors are commonly used to control @entity158 and @entity32 in @entity571 . However, these agents have been associated with gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular adverse effects. Together, these complications indicate a clear unmet need in the safety of current treatment options for the management of @entity571 . NSAIDs are known to have adverse gastrointestinal effects, and more recently it has been suggested that some selective @entity2247 inhibitors are also associated with serious @entity344 . Selective @entity2247 inhibitors have a similar capacity to NSAIDs to delay @entity1066 , and may not significantly decrease the incidences of perforation, ulceration and @entity548 (the most clinically relevant gastrointestinal endpoints) compared with NSAIDs. These effects may be due to overlapping roles of @entity9859 and @entity2247 in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Furthermore, as @entity2247 is integrally involved in renal homeostasis, selective @entity2247 inhibitors are associated with negative effects on kidney function similar to those seen with NSAIDs. Electrolyte disturbances, @entity4 and @entity101 have been correlated with the use of both drug classes. Additionally, selective @entity2247 inhibitors have the potential to increase cardiovascular events, although further research is required to clearly determine such a risk. With the current unmet needs in the treatment of @entity571 , the opportunity exists for the development of new therapies. Novel agents include the COX-inhibiting @entity842 donors and the lipoxygenase (LOX)/COX inhibitor @entity47179 . Initial results suggest that these therapies may have tolerability advantages over the NSAIDs and selective @entity2247 inhibitors.

title: XXXX therapy--are there still unmet needs?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity47179 :: ('MESH:C088092', 'Chemical') :: ['licofelone']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the late presentation of an @entity56 to @entity16495 tartrate 0.2% associated with an elevation of intraocular pressure. METHODS: During a 6-month period six Caucasian @entity1 (three were male), with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) or @entity2790 , with an @entity56 to @entity16495 tartrate eye drops were identified. @entity16495 was initiated as additional medical therapy in four @entity1 and monotherapy in two @entity1 . The median age of the @entity1 was 67 years (range 57-73 years). RESULTS: There were nine eyes with a follicular conjunctivitis; three @entity1 received @entity16495 in one eye only. In two @entity1 an additional redness of the periocular skin was present. The median duration on @entity16495 therapy before the onset of the @entity56 was 12 months (range 5-15 months). The median intraocular pressure (IOP) before the onset of the @entity566 was 18 mmHg (range 16-21 mmHg). There was a significant elevation of IOP at the time of the @entity566 with a median IOP of 28 mmHg (range 20-44 mmHg) (P = 0.007, Wilcoxon sign rank test). The cessation of @entity16495 allowed the resolution of the @entity56 . The intraocular pressure was then controlled with alternative medication in eight eyes. One @entity1 went on to have filtering surgery. CONCLUSIONS: A delayed @entity56 reaction to @entity16495 tartrate eye drops resembles a @entity24231 . It is imperative that it is recognised as such, as it may occur many months after @entity16495 is initiated. This @entity566 has been found to be associated with a loss of control of the IOP. Though this is a small cohort of @entity1 , it is not unreasonable to suggest that @entity1 on @entity16495 eye drops should be instructed to report promptly to their ophthalmologist the onset of @entity2194 so that their @entity726 control may be reassessed.

title: Delayed @entity56 to XXXX tartrate 0.2% associated with high intraocular pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['redness of their eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['Brimonidine', 'brimonidine']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity24231 :: ('MESH:D003236', 'Disease') :: ['viral follicular conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity16495 :: (MESH:C015620,Chemical) :: ['brimonidine']


abstract: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is a @entity74 in which genetic factors act as important contributors to its onset and progression. Associations between genetic polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster and @entity571 susceptibility have been studied continuously in different ethnic groups, yielding controversial results. This study investigated the association of @entity1356 ( @entity37160 ) and @entity1193 (86-bp VNTR) polymorphisms with knee @entity571 susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. A case-control association study was conducted. The two polymorphisms were genotyped in 453 @entity1 who had primary symptomatic knee @entity571 with radiographic confirmation and in 487 matched controls. Allelic and genotypic frequencies and haplotype distribution were compared between @entity571 and control subjects. For either of the two loci, no significant difference was detected in genotype or allele distribution between knee @entity571 and control groups (all P > 0.05). The haplotype distribution of the two loci showed no difference between the two groups, either. Furthermore, no association between the genotype of the -511 and VNTR polymorphisms and the clinical variables, age, sex, body mass index and Kellgren/Lawrence score was observed in @entity571 @entity1 . The genetic polymorphisms of @entity1356 and @entity1193 are not risk factors for @entity571 etiology in Han Chinese.

title: Genetic polymorphisms of XXXX ( @entity37160 ) and @entity1193 (86-bpVNTR) in susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disorder']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1beta']


abstract: To identify novel seven transmembrane domain proteins from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we used PCR to amplify 3T3-L1 adipocyte complementary DNA (cDNA) with primers homologous to the N- and C-termini of pancreatic glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity15984 . We screened a cDNA library prepared from fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes using a 500-bp cDNA PCR product probe. Herein describes the isolation and characterization of a 1.6-kb cDNA clone that encodes a novel 298-amino acid protein that we termed @entity67600 (transmembrane domain protein of 40 kDa regulated in adipocytes). @entity67600 has seven putative transmembrane domains and shows little homology with the known @entity15984 or with other G protein-coupled receptors. The levels of @entity67600 mRNA and protein were higher in 3T3-L1 adipocytes than in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. @entity67600 is present in a number of @entity19 and @entity1 tissues. Interestingly, @entity67600 mRNA levels were significantly increased by 2- to 3-fold in epididymal fat of 24-month-old @entity19 vs. young controls as well as in db/db and ob/ob @entity19 vs. nondiabetic control littermates. No difference in @entity67600 mRNA levels was observed in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, or kidney. Furthermore, no difference in @entity67600 expression was detected in brown fat of ob/ob @entity19 when compared with age-matched controls. Taken together, these data suggest that @entity67600 represents a novel membrane-associated protein whose expression in white adipose tissue is altered with aging and type 2 @entity6 .

title: Differential expression of a novel seven transmembrane domain protein in epididymal fat from aged and XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Results of our prospective, randomised pilot trial to evaluate the clinical effects and the angiographic correlates of early thrombolysis in @entity1 with unstable @entity951 are reported. Sixty-seven @entity1 had coronary angiography 10 +/- 8 (median 7) hours after an episode of transient @entity662 at rest with reversible ischaemic changes on the electrocardiogram. @entity1 with @entity66 (4), or diffuse @entity301 and unidentified @entity63 -producing lesions (13) were excluded, as were those without severe (greater than or equal to 70%) stenosis (10). Intracoronary @entity715 was identified at angiography in 7 @entity1 (17%) and complex coronary lesions in 5 (12%) of the remaining 40 @entity1 who were randomised to either intracoronary streptokinase 250,000 IU followed by intravenous heparin along with conventional treatment (20 @entity1 ), or to conventional treatment alone (20 @entity1 ). All @entity1 received Aspirin. No differences between the streptokinase and the conventional treatment groups were observed with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics at admission to the study. During observation in the intensive care unit for 3 +/- 1 days, 8 @entity1 (40%) with streptokinase and 10 (50%) with conventional treatment were free from @entity951 and @entity1188 (p = 0.75; 95% confidence interval for the difference in response rates = -20 to 40%). There were no bleeding complications and no @entity1 died. @entity1 enrolled in our study had fewer coronary thrombi at angiography than currently reported. Our data did not show that adjunct treatment with streptokinase and heparin is superior to conventional treatment alone in these @entity1 .

title: Intracoronary streptokinase in unstable XXXX : a prospective randomised study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['left main disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how the angiogenetic biomarkers @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ), and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) in the fluid of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) correlate with @entity1 survival and @entity1143 control. DESIGN: Prospective study. @entity1 AND METHODS: From April 1, 1998 to April 30, 2005, we used thoracoscopic biopsy to collect pleural specimens and @entity1143 from 97 @entity1 with @entity1149 and @entity3483 . Paired blood samples were harvested. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to evaluate levels of angiogenic factors in @entity3483 and blood, and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate them in pleural specimens. Related data, such as @entity1 survival and PE control, were collected for correlation analysis. RESULTS: Smoking and PE @entity7 >1350 ng/mL were both significant negative predictors of @entity1 survival. @entity358 was the only significant factor for poor PE control. The serum level, the amount of PE, and the number of red blood cells in PE correlated well with PE @entity7 level. Immunohistochemical staining of pleural samples showed that @entity7 was secreted by both mesothelial and @entity5 cells. The level of PE @entity687 weakly correlated with PE @entity7 , and the level of @entity540 was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: PE @entity7 was a useful angiogenetic factor for the amount of fluid in @entity1 with @entity1149 and @entity3483 . In addition to smoking, PE @entity7 >1350 ng/mL was a significant negative predictor of @entity1 survival.

title: Angiogenetic biomarkers in @entity1149 with @entity3483 : correlations with @entity1 survival and XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['A trapped lung']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this case series is to present two cases of renal @entity738 discovered incidentally post-intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) installations and were managed conservatively. CASE REPORTS: The first case is a 68-year-old @entity1 with @entity150 in situ. After transurethral resection of the right ureteral orifice and @entity150 , he received 6 + 3 weekly intravesical installations of BCG and then 6 + 3 weekly intravesical installations of BCG with interferon alpha (IFN) in the presence of an indwelling ureteral stent since he had refused cystoprostatectomy. At the 18-month follow-up, his computed tomography scan showed two right renal masses. Biopsy demonstrated @entity39 . Serial follow-up with imaging studies showed complete resolution of these masses without anti-tuberculous medications. The second case is a 74-year old @entity1 with left renal high-grade @entity1377 . After ureteral meatotomy and insertion of indwelling ureteral stents, he received 6 weekly intravesical installations of BCG followed by 3 weekly installations of BCG and IFN prior to the definitive management with laparoscopic left nephroureterectomy. Final pathology showed @entity2558 @entity189 and an incidental finding of BCG-related renal granulamotosis. The @entity1 has been asymptomatic and did not require anti-tuberculous medications. CONCLUSIONS: While these two cases demonstrate the ability of intravesical BCG to reach the renal pelvis, @entity1 with a history of intravesical BCG with incidental renal masses may benefit from renal biopsy. These renal @entity738 may resolve without anti-tuberculous medications.

title: BCG-related renal XXXX managed conservatively: A case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['non-necrotizing granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder and right ureteral orifice carcinoma', 'bladder tumours']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granulomas']


abstract: Fast oscillatory activity (more than approximately 200 Hz) has been attracting increasing attention regarding its possible role in both normal brain function and epileptogenesis. Yet, its underlying cellular mechanism remains poorly understood. Our prior investigation of the phenomenon in @entity35 somatosensory cortex indicated that @entity4053 result from repetitive synaptic activation of cortical pyramidal cells originating from GABAergic interneurons (). To test this hypothesis, the effects of topical application of the @entity1246 -A ( @entity1246 (A)) antagonist @entity4781 (BMI) on @entity4053 were examined. At subconvulsive concentrations (approximately 10 microM), BMI application resulted in a pronounced enhancement of fast activity, in some trials doubling the number of oscillatory cycles evoked by whisker stimulation. The amplitude and frequency of fast activity were not affected by BMI in a statistically significant fashion. At higher concentrations, BMI application resulted in the emergence of recurring spontaneous slow-wave discharges resembling interictal spikes (IIS) and the eventual onset of @entity410 . High-pass filtering of the IIS revealed that a burst of @entity4053 accompanied the spontaneous discharge. This activity was present in both the pre- and the postictal regimes, in which its morphology and spatial distribution were largely indistinguishable. These data indicate that fast @entity6795 do not reflect GABAergic postsynaptic currents. An alternate account consistent with results observed to date is that this activity may instead arise from population spiking in pyramidal cells, possibly mediated by electrotonic coupling in a manner analogous to that underlying 200-Hz ripple in the hippocampus. Additionally, @entity4053 occur within spontaneous @entity302 . However, at least under the present experimental conditions, they do not appear to be a reliable predictor of @entity410 onset nor an indicator of the @entity410 focus.

title: Effects of XXXX on fast (>200 Hz) electrical oscillations in @entity35 somatosensory cortex.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['fast oscillations']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical oscillations']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity4781 :: ('MESH:C017069', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline methiodide']

answer: @entity4781 :: (MESH:C017069,Chemical) :: ['bicuculline methiodide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low @entity615 is extremely common and usually a minor self-limiting condition. Rarely, however, it is a harbinger of serious medical illness. @entity2054 is a rare condition, but its timely recognition is important to allow adequate treatment. CASE REPORT: A 16-year-old @entity1 presented to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with severe @entity1643 , necessitating intravenous opioids. Laboratory results showed severe @entity5925 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine showed diffuse @entity4 and @entity4 in the paraspinal muscles. Aggressive fluid therapy was started but despite narcotic @entity1337 the @entity158 persisted and @entity908 kinase (CK) levels increased. Compartment pressures of the erector spinae were found to be increased. The decision was made to proceed with bilateral paraspinal fasciotomies. Postoperatively, the @entity1 noted immediate @entity158 relief with rapid decrease of CK level. The @entity1 is @entity158 free and resumed running and swimming 3 months after admission in the @entity341 . WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Although @entity2054 is a rare condition, its recognition is of paramount importance to allow adequate surgical treatment, preventing @entity121 . Although @entity615 most often has a benign course, a careful history and physical examination in @entity1 presenting with @entity1643 allows determination of "red flags." Mandatory further diagnostic tests can identify underlying serious illness.

title: Excruciating XXXX After Strenuous Exertion: Beware of  Lumbar Paraspinal Compartment Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['Paraspinal compartment syndrome', 'paraspinal compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle necrosis']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Low Back Pain']


abstract: In many social species, individuals influence the reproductive capacity of conspecifics. In a well-studied African cichlid fish species, Astatotilapia burtoni, males are either dominant (D) and reproductively competent or @entity3257 ( @entity3257 ) and reproductively suppressed as evidenced by reduced gonadotropin releasing hormone ( @entity4396 ) release, regressed gonads, lower levels of @entity3800 and elevated levels of @entity701 . Here, we asked whether @entity342 and @entity701 levels might regulate this reproductive suppression. Astatotilapia burtoni has four glucocorticoid receptors (GR1a, GR1b, GR2 and MR), encoded by three genes, and two @entity342 receptors (ARa and ARb), encoded by two genes. We previously showed that ARa and ARb are expressed in @entity4396 neurons in the preoptic area (POA), which regulates reproduction, and that the mRNA levels of these receptors are regulated by social status. Here, we show that GR1, GR2 and MR mRNAs are also expressed in @entity4396 neurons in the POA, revealing potential mechanisms for both @entity3800 and @entity701 to influence reproductive capacity. We measured AR, MR and GR mRNA expression levels in a microdissected region of the POA containing @entity4396 neurons, comparing D and @entity3257 males. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), we found D males had higher mRNA levels of ARa, MR, total GR1a and GR2 in the POA compared with @entity3257 males. In contrast, @entity3257 males had significantly higher levels of GR1b mRNA, a receptor subtype with a reduced transcriptional response to @entity701 . Through this novel regulation of receptor type, neurons in the POA of an @entity3257 male will be less affected by the higher levels of @entity701 typical of low status, suggesting GR receptor type change as a potential adaptive mechanism to mediate high @entity701 levels during social suppression.

title: Social regulation of XXXX receptor gene expression.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-dominant', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relative frequency of mutated genes among @entity1 with @entity9957 ( @entity9957 ) may differ between various ethnic groups. To date, few population-based genetic studies have been reported. This study describes the genetic analysis of 32 Israeli @entity1 with @entity9957 . PROCEDURES: Clinical data were retrieved from the prospective Israeli Inherited @entity2131 Registry. Recruitment included living and deceased @entity1 who were diagnosed between 1982 and 2012, for whom molecular diagnosis was performed. @entity11891 , @entity60216 and @entity58042 genes were sequenced in all @entity1 , and @entity29476 and @entity17454 genes were sequenced if other genes were wildtype. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (34%) had heterozygous mutations in @entity11891 (10 kindreds), eight (25%) had homozygous mutations in @entity58042 (5 kindreds) and 13 (41%) had no detected mutations. No @entity1 had mutations in @entity60216 or @entity17454 . Four of the eight @entity1 with @entity58042 mutations had @entity154 . The probability of survival for all @entity1 was 50% at age of 18. Deaths were mainly due to @entity295 (5 @entity1 , 4/5 not responding to @entity1261 , none with @entity58042 mutation). Two @entity1 developed @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and one @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), none with @entity58042 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: We found a unique pattern of @entity9957 mutations in Israel with homozygous @entity58042 mutations in eight (25%) @entity1 , the highest frequency described so far. @entity60216 mutations, reported mainly in Sweden and Iran, were absent. @entity1 with @entity58042 mutations had @entity154 , appeared to have a better response to @entity1261 , and so far have not developed @entity3052 or @entity2590 .

title: Genetic analysis and clinical picture of XXXX in Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity9957 :: ('MESH:C537592', 'Disease') :: ['severe congenital neutropenia', 'SCN']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['Bone Marrow Failure']

answer: @entity9957 :: (MESH:C537592,Disease) :: ['severe congenital neutropenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although patterns of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) following colorectal surgery with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes have been well delineated, regular @entity1286 use is uncommon. This study describes the patterns of post-operative @entity1209 (PONV) and @entity29 in this context. METHOD: @entity1 undergoing elective major colorectal surgery on an ERAS programme over 1 year were included. @entity1 details, intra-operative course, post-operative management, outcomes and complications were collected retrospectively from clinical records. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 12. RESULTS: A total of 136/142 (96%) @entity1 received @entity1286 for post-operative @entity1337 . Most (112/142, 79%) experienced either no @entity391 (87/142, 61%) or small amounts (25/142, 18%). On average, @entity1 without an ileostomy passed flatus and opened their bowels after 2.4 and 4.3 days, those with an ileostomy taking 1.5 and 2.1 days. Vomiting was not related to @entity29 (P = 0.370) or overall complications; wound complications (odds ratio (OR) = 8.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0-32.5), electrolyte abnormalities (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2-7.1) and length of stay (hazard ratio = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2-1.5) were related. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 do not experience PONV in this context. @entity29 is predictable without prolonged delays. This information could be used to allow confident early discharge and identify @entity1 whose deviation from normal may indicate complications.

title: Nausea, XXXX and @entity29 after colorectal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['return of bowel function', 'ROBF']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: AIM: To confirm the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab/XELOX combination for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in Italy. METHODS: This multicentric, prospective, open-label study included @entity1 with @entity14 previously untreated with chemotherapy. @entity1 were administered bevacizumab in combination with XELOX. The primary efficacy end-point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end-points included time to overall response (TOR), duration of response (DOR), time to treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS). The incidence and type of adverse events AEs and severe AEs were evaluated. Also, the mutational status of @entity817 and @entity984 was assessed by high resolution melting and direct sequencing, and quality of life (QoL) was measured by the EuroQoL EQ-5D questionnaire at baseline and at the last visit. RESULTS: The intention-to-treat population included 197 @entity1 (mean age: 62.3    9.9 years, 56.4% males). At baseline, 16/34 evaluable subjects (47.1%) harbored a @entity984 and/or a @entity817 mutation; the mean QoL index was 80.2    14.3. First-line therapy was given for 223.7    175.9 d, and after a mean follow-up of 387.7    238.8 d all @entity1 discontinued from the study mainly for disease progression ( @entity1726 , 45.4%) and AEs (25.4%). Median PFS was 9.7 mo (95%CI: 8.4-10.5) and the median values for secondary end-points were: TOR = 3.9 mo (95%CI: 2.6-4.7), DOR = 8.5 mo (95%CI: 7.3-10.3), TTF = 6.7 mo (95%CI: 6.0-7.7) and OS = 23.2 mo (95%CI: 20.1-27.2). @entity1 carrying at least one lesion had a lower overall response rate (66.7% vs 88.9%) and a lower probability of achieving complete or partial response than those without mutations, but the difference in relative risk was not statistically significant (P = 0.2). Mean EQ-5D-3L raw index score significantly decreased to 74.9    19.1 at the last visit (signed-rank test, P = 0.0076), but in general the evaluation on QoL perceived by @entity1 was good. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with XELOX in terms of PFS in @entity1 with aCRC or mCRC in Italy was confirmed, with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Bevacizumab plus XELOX as first-line treatment of metastatic XXXX : The OBELIX study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1911 is an @entity4304 , which produces and secretes @entity2661 . It is a rare cause of @entity101 . @entity101 or @entity101 crises are most frequent clinical manifestations. Sometimes it can be associated with other diseases and conditions, such as @entity2963 . CASE REPORT: We present a 37-year-old @entity1 admitted to hospital with @entity344 (right upper @entity490 , @entity390 , @entity391 ) and @entity101 with occasional @entity101 crises. Routine abdominal ultrasound revealed a @entity1085 , and enlargement of the right adrenal gland. The diagnosis of @entity1911 was confirmed by measurement of @entity2922 levels in 24-hour urine collection and MIBG scan. After preoperative preparation, @entity5 extirpation was done. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1911 . Routine controls of @entity2922 24-hour urine levels showed no @entity2922 excess, without @entity101 and @entity101 crises as most frequent clinical manifestations. COMMENT: Physicians must consider @entity1911 in cases of drug resistant @entity101 or @entity101 crises. Sometimes @entity1911 are associated with other diseases, such as @entity1085 , with mimicking and overlapping of clinical manifestations of @entity1911 with symptoms and signs of the associated disease.

title: [ XXXX associated with @entity2963 ].

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall-bladder stone', 'gall-bladder stones']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas', 'Pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal or extra-adrenal tumor']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['Pheochromocytoma']


abstract: AIMS: To quantify cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with type-2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) and established @entity2998 , without inducible @entity741 by stress imaging. METHODS: We selected clinically healthy @entity3918 and subjects without @entity3918 (nonDM, controls) with non-obstructive @entity2998 and without significant @entity453 ( @entity453 ) by stress echocardiography. Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) was assessed during stress echocardiography. In those with negative stress imaging, coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) assessment by computed tomography (CT) was proposed. Outcome at 180-day follow-up was performed by visits or telephone interview. RESULTS: Total CAC was greater in @entity3918 (n=19) than in nonDM (n=19, CAC: 225  158 vs 78  65Agatston units, 156  161 vs 53  51 in the left anterior descendent artery, both p<0.05). @entity3979 was greater in @entity3918 than in nonDM, albeit <75% in all cases; CFR was lower in @entity3918 than nonDM (p<0.05). Mean age was slightly higher (69  6 vs 64  12, p>0.2), and male gender tended to be less frequent (63 vs 79%) with @entity3918 than with nonDM; all subjects @entity2299 , and almost all had arterial @entity101 . Based on CAC, a 10-year cardiovascular risk was 10-20% in 78% of the @entity3918 and in 28% of the non- @entity3918 , and was >20% in 11% of the @entity3918 but in none of the nonDM. A single non-fatal @entity583 was recorded within 180days from test, among @entity3918 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on CAC, in the presence of non-obstructive @entity2998 , asymptomatic @entity3918 may show significantly higher @entity453 burden than nonDM even in the absence of inducible @entity741 .

title: XXXX burden by coronary computed tomography in type II diabetes with preclinical non-obstructive @entity2998 and without inducible @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['showed dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary stenosis burden']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary atherosclerosis']