abstract: Ten @entity1 with rapidly progressive @entity631 and @entity810 were treated with extracorporeal immunoadsorption, @entity617 , and @entity786 . Three @entity1 had @entity1252 , five had microscopic @entity573 and two had @entity2883 . All ten @entity1 were dialysis-dependent prior to immunoadsorption. Nine of ten @entity1 rapidly regained renal function and seven continue to have independent renal function between 9 and 30 months after immunoadsorption. Three @entity1 at presentation were not dialysis dependent. Despite treatment with @entity1667 , @entity786 , and oral @entity617 , renal function continued to deteriorate and they required dialysis. Immunoadsorption was then started without alteration in baseline immunosuppression. Within a mean of 4.6 days, range 3-7 days, renal function improved and the @entity1 no longer required dialysis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and double-stranded DNA antibodies were rapidly removed by immunoadsorption. Only one @entity1 with @entity1252 and two with microscopic @entity573 had significant resynthesis of antibody at 1 month post-immunoadsorption. Renal biopsy before and after immunoadsorption and immunosuppressive therapy showed resolution of glomerular crescents and no evidence of active disease. Immunoadsorption coupled with @entity617 and @entity786 may be of value in the treatment of rapidly progressive @entity631 .

title: Treatment of rapidly progressive @entity631 by extracorporeal immunoadsorption, XXXX and @entity786 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: Objective. To determine if using an iPad as a distraction technique reduces the parent's perception of their @entity1 's @entity158 and distress during immunizations. Study Design. A total of 103 parents completed a survey regarding their perception of their @entity1 's @entity158 during immunizations. Fifty-seven @entity1 were in the group receiving no distraction intervention, and 46 @entity1 were in the group that were allowed to use an iPad for distraction while receiving their vaccines. Results. Regression analysis showed that the use of iPad distraction significantly reduced the parent's perception of their @entity1 's level of @entity148 , need for being held, and amount of crying during immunizations compared to no distraction. Conclusions. Distraction by using an iPad during immunizations reduces the parent's perception of their @entity1 's @entity158 and distress. This type of distraction tool can also improve the parent's satisfaction with the @entity158 control provided for their @entity1 while receiving their vaccines.

title: Using iPads for Distraction to Reduce XXXX During Immunizations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: @entity3546 -mediated signaling can be constitutively activated by truncation or mutation of @entity563 and @entity1889 residues in exon 3. Mutations in this region are observed in many @entity1 @entity5 . Examination of the locations of these mutations reveals interesting patterns; specifically, Ser45 and Thr41 appear more frequently in @entity5 , and Ser37 and Ser33 are more common in benign entities. To test whether these patterns represent functional differences in @entity3546 signaling mechanisms, we generated mutations of each of these residues. Stable transformation of Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney cells showed a transformed phenotype with each of the four mutations, as assessed by growth in soft agar and collagen. Functional assays including proliferation assays, cell shedding assays, and wounding assays demonstrated two groups. Ser45 and Thr41 represent a more transformed phenotype, whereas Ser37 and Ser33 behaved similarly to the vector in these assays. Assessment of downstream genes demonstrated increased activation of the @entity3546 target gene @entity4910 by Ser45. Finally, we examined the kinase activity of @entity18159 and found that this kinase, unlike @entity9459 , appears to preferentially phosphorylate Ser45 and Thr41, independent of priming by casein kinase-1. We conclude that these sites may represent an alternative (non-wnt) signaling pathway, which may be inappropriately activated in @entity5 with mutations of these residues.

title: Functional correlates of mutations in XXXX exon 3 phosphorylation sites.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3546 :: ('1499', 'Gene') :: ['beta-catenin', 'beta-Catenin']

entities_list: @entity18159 :: ('1147', 'Gene') :: ['I kappa B kinase-alpha']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity9459 :: ('2932', 'Gene') :: ['glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['beta-catenin']


abstract: Post- @entity63 changes in ecto- @entity141 -ATPase activity in microglia and the infarcted tissue were studied in a @entity35 model of focal @entity2806 using an enzyme histochemical method. Ecto- @entity141 -ATPase activity was observed in whole brains in non-operated and sham-operated control animals. In addition, this enzyme activity was determined to be localized in ramified microglia. At 30 min after @entity63 , non-microglial ecto- @entity141 -ATPase activity in the infarcted tissue slightly decreased and continued to decrease thereafter. The ecto- @entity141 -ATPase activity in microglia did not appear changed at this time. The decrease of enzyme activity in the infarcted tissue made it much easier to clearly observe ecto- @entity141 -ATPase-positive microglia. The enzyme activity of microglia in the @entity63 area began to decrease 2 or 4h after embolization and remarkably decreased, except in the perinuclear cytoplasm, apical parts of the processes, and several parts along the processes, 8h after @entity63 . By 12h after onset of embolization, the enzyme activity of microglia and infarcted tissue had almost completely disappeared. Ecto- @entity141 -ATPase of microglia is likely to play an important role in the metabolism of extracellular @entity2036 in the @entity63 area immediately after the onset of embolization by means of ecto-enzymes. Thus, the findings of the present study suggest that microglia might serve to protect the infarcted tissue in the @entity63 brain.

title: Microglial ecto- @entity141 -ATPase activity in a XXXX model of focal homologous blood clot @entity2806 : an enzyme histochemical study.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['embolic cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65375 ( @entity3668 ) is abundant in neurons and functions in assembly and stabilization of microtubules to maintain cytoskeletal structure. @entity1 @entity3668 transcripts undergo alternative splicing to produce 3R and 4R isoforms normally present at approximately equal levels in the adult brain. Imbalance of the 3R-4R isoform ratio can affect microtubule binding and assembly and may promote @entity3072 and neurofibrillary tangle formation as seen in @entity179 such as @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Conditions involving @entity519 such as @entity2806 and @entity64 can promote similar tau pathology but whether @entity519 conditions cause changes in @entity3668 isoform formation has not been widely explored. We previously identified two paralogues (co-orthologues) of @entity3668 in @entity3392 , @entity65375 and @entity65376 . RESULTS: In this study we assess the splicing of transcripts of these genes in adult @entity3392 brain under @entity519 conditions. We find @entity519 causes increases in particular @entity65375 and @entity65376 transcript isoforms, particularly the 6R and 4R isoforms of @entity65375 and @entity65376 respectively. Expression of the @entity3392 orthologue of @entity1 @entity19605 , @entity19605 , that encodes a protein binding to @entity3668 transcripts and regulating splicing, was reduced under @entity519 conditions, similar to observations in @entity195 brain. CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings indicate that @entity519 can alter splicing of @entity3392 @entity3668 co-orthologues promoting formation of longer transcripts and possibly generating @entity3668 proteins more prone to hyperphosphorylation. This supports the use of @entity3392 to provide insight into the mechanisms regulating @entity3668 transcript splicing under conditions that promote @entity528 and degeneration.

title: @entity519 alters expression of @entity3392 @entity65375 ( @entity65375 , XXXX ) gene transcripts.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['tau hyperphosphorylation']

entities_list: @entity65375 :: ('100000342(Tax:7955)', 'Gene') :: ['Microtubule-associated protein tau', 'mapta']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia', 'FTD']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity65376 :: (567833(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['maptb']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this work was to elucidate the molecular interactions leading to monoclonal antibody self-association and precipitation and utilize biophysical measurements to predict solubility behavior at high protein concentration. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAb-G and @entity67231 ) binding to overlapping epitopes were investigated. Precipitation of mAb-G solutions was most prominent at high ionic strength conditions, and demonstrated strong dependence on ionic strength, as well as slight dependence on solution pH. At similar conditions no precipitation was observed for @entity67231 solutions. Intermolecular interactions (interaction parameter, kD) related well with high concentration solubility behavior of both antibodies. Upon increasing buffer ionic strength, interactions of @entity67231 tended to weaken, while those of mAb-G became more attractive. To investigate the role of @entity3689 sequence on precipitation behavior, mutants were designed by substituting the @entity7958 region of @entity67231 into the mAb-G framework (GM-1) or deleting two hydrophobic residues in the @entity7958 of MAb-G (GM-2). No precipitation was observed at high ionic strength for either mutant. The molecular interactions of mutants were similar in magnitude to those of @entity67231 . The results suggest that presence of hydrophobic groups in the @entity7958 of mAb-G may be responsible for compromising its solubility at high ionic strength conditions, since deleting these residues mitigated the solubility issue.

title: Solubility Challenges in High Concentration Monoclonal Antibody Formulations: Relationship with XXXX Sequence and Intermolecular Interactions.

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['Amino Acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The aim of our work was to replicate, in a Southern European population, the association reported in Northern populations between @entity1195 locus and response to anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor (anti- @entity310 ) treatment in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). We also looked at associations between five @entity309 risk alleles and treatment response. Methods. We evaluated associations between anti- @entity310 treatment responses assessed by DAS28 change and by EULAR response at six months in 383 Portuguese @entity1 . Univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. In a second step to confirm our findings, we pooled our population with 265 Spanish @entity1 . Results. No association was found between @entity1195 @entity63377 allele and anti- @entity310 treatment response, neither in Portuguese modeling for several clinical variables nor in the overall population combining Portuguese and Spanish @entity1 . The minor allele for @entity309 susceptibility, @entity63378 SNP in @entity32025 /C5 region, was associated with a poor response in linear and logistic univariate and multivariate regression analyses. No association was observed with the other allellic variants. Results were confirmed in the pooled analysis. Conclusion. This study did not replicate the association between @entity1195 and the response to anti- @entity310 treatment in our Southern European population. We found that @entity32025 /C5 risk @entity309 variants potentially influence anti- @entity310 treatment response.

title: @entity32025 /C5 but Not @entity1195 Variants Are Potential Predictors of @entity309 Response to Anti- XXXX Necrosis Factor Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether chronic administration of medium doses of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) causes suppression of skeletal growth in young @entity19 and to determine whether @entity4181 supplementation could reverse this effect. METHODS: Four equal groups of Balb/c young male @entity19 (6 animals in each group; mean body weight 11.9 +/- 0.25 g, in their rapid growth phase) were subjected to the following drug treatment for a period of 3 wk. Group 1 was given intraperitoneal @entity1500 (3.5 mg kg(-1) body weight) every second day. Group 2 received @entity4181 (7.0 mg kg(-1) body weight) intraperitoneally every second day. Group 3 was given both drugs ( @entity1500 every second day and @entity4181 8 h post- @entity1500 injection). Group 4 was injected with physiological saline every other day to serve as a control group. Total body weight of the animals in each group was monitored every second day for the entire study period. The animals were sacrificed, the bilateral femurs and tibias of each animal were harvested and X-rays of the bones were taken. The length of each femur and @entity2091 was measured using a micrometer. Measurements from the radiographs were also recorded using image analysis software. The @entity1500 concentrations in the plasma and the @entity1501 levels in erythrocytes were determined. The heights of the distal femoral and the proximal tibial growth plate for each animal were measured on histological tissue sections. RESULTS: Mean lengths of both the @entity2091 and femur of animals were compared in the four treatment groups. A significant decrease in the mean lengths (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.005) was observed in the group receiving @entity1500 alone. Similarly, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the height of the femoral and tibial growth plate in this group when compared with the other groups. The main effect of @entity1500 seemed to be on the @entity1184 in the growth plate. Furthermore, animals in this @entity1500 -treated group also showed increased levels of @entity1500 in plasma and low levels of erythrocyte @entity1501 . CONCLUSION: These data show that chronic administration of @entity1500 induces suppression of skeletal growth in @entity19 , possibly through the inhibition of the pathway of de novo DNA synthesis. @entity4181 treatment following @entity1500 administration appears to reverse this growth inhibition. Based on these observations, @entity1 suffering from @entity309 , @entity421 or @entity981 and receiving @entity1500 over long periods of time could be at risk of short-term suppression of skeletal growth. If this is the case, it is possible that they could benefit from dietary supplementation with @entity4181 .

title: Effect of @entity1499 and @entity4181 on skeletal growth in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Folinic acid', 'folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic proliferative zone of chondrocytes']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4595 Background: @entity6219 , as an oral receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of advanced @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and undergoing evaluation in other @entity5 . Hepatotoxicity is a concern for clinical application. This study was conducted to determine the risk of high-grade liver @entity137 with @entity6219 by a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. METHODS: Databases from PubMed, Web of Science and abstracts presented at ASCO meetings up to December 2010 were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included prospective clinical trials in which @entity6219 was started at 800 mg daily as a monotherapy. Summary incidence rates, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects or random-effects model, depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies. RESULTS: A total of 1,155 @entity1 with a variety of @entity5 from eight clinical trials were included for the analysis. The incidence of all-grade ALT elevation was 41.7% (95% CI: 33.9-49.9%), with 8.2% (95% CI: 5.9-11.3%) being high-grade. Interestingly, there was a significant difference in the incidence of high-grade ALT elevation between @entity1358 and non- @entity1358 @entity1 (10.9% vs 5.7%, p=0.012). The incidence of all-grade AST elevation was 39.3% (95% CI 30.2-49.2%), with 6.4% (95% CI: 4.6-8.8%) being high-grade. There was no significant difference in the incidence of high-grade AST elevation between @entity1358 and non- @entity1358 @entity1 (7.4% vs 4.8%, p=0.22). In comparison with controls, @entity6219 significantly increased the risk of high-grade ALT elevation (RR,7.95;95% CI: 2.22-28.55, p=0.001) and high-grade AST elevation (RR 9.01, 95% CI: 1.71-47.50, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6219 is associated with substantial risk of high-grade hepatotoxicity, which may vary with @entity5 types. Close monitoring and appropriate management are recommended during the therapy.

title: Risk of high-grade liver @entity137 with @entity6219 in @entity1 with XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib', 'Pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity1457 protein 90-beta ( @entity31652 ) is associated with cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and has been investigated as a prognostic factor in many @entity5 . However, @entity31652 protein expression in @entity2220 (ADC) has not been thoroughly elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between @entity31652 expression, clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in @entity2220 . Seventy-five surgically resected @entity2220 and matched normal lung tissue samples were obtained to construct a @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ), including 44 stage IA-IB cases. Then, @entity31652 protein expression level in lung tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with a Log-rank significance test was used to estimate the survival differences among subgroups according to @entity31652 expression in lung ADC tissues using SigmaPlot/SigmaStat v10 and 3.5, respectively. @entity31652 protein expression was significantly upregulated in lung ADC tissues compared to that in the matched normal alveoli (P<0.001) and was associated with @entity5 differentiation (P<0.001). Furthermore, @entity31652 over-expression was correlated with poor survival in stage I @entity1 (P=0.026). Increased @entity31652 expression was associated with reduced overall survival (HR, 2.440; 95% confidence interval, 1.076-5.530; P=0.033). To conclude, our data demonstrated that @entity31652 protein was over-expressed in lung ADC @entity5 tissues and was associated with poor outcomes in early stage ADC @entity1 and low pathological @entity5 . These data suggest that @entity31652 could be a clinically useful biomarker for the prognosis of ADC and an effective anticancer target.

title: XXXX protein 90-b over-expression is associated with poor survival in stage I lung adenocarcinoma @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grade tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Symptomatic degenerative multilevel @entity612 --beside other methods--is often treated using the open-door laminoplasty. This procedure aims to decompress the spinal cord and preserve the stability of the cervical spine. The efficiency and safety of the method was proved by numerous Japanese and American studies, also the technique related complications are well known. We treated 43 @entity1 with symptomatic multilevel cervical spine stenosis using the open-door laminoplasty as a surgical procedure of choice in the National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences between 2009 and 2012. In this article we analyse our results and the related literature is discussed. METHODS: Symptomatic @entity1 with a minimum of three-segment cervical spine stenosis and radiologically proved @entity602 or with electrophisiologically verified subclinical @entity602 were selected for laminoplasty. @entity1 in whom cervical @entity1513 was present were operated on using laminectomy and posterior fusion. Postoperative control CT, MRI and/or X-ray images were made after the surgery and at six weeks, three, six and 12 months after the operation and in the same time neurological evaluation was performed. The modified Japanase Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale value was assigned to @entity1 preoperatively, six weeks, three, six and 12 months after the operation. The statistical difference between the groups of data was tested by chi square test. RESULTS: The average follow-up time was 27 months (minimum seven, maximum 42). According to the mJOA scale, 26 @entity1 's condition (61%) improved, in 13 cases (30%) remained unchanged, and in one case (2%) we detected @entity16 . We lost three @entity1 during the follow up period. The median of mJOA preoperatively was 12 (minimum eight, maximum 18), while six week postoperative mJOA was 14 (minimum 10, maximum 17). Three, six and 12 months mean value of mJOA was 14 which shows that the improvement in @entity1 ' condition remained stable at one year after surgery. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The canal's average anteroposterior diameter on CT was 8.29    0.92 mm at the level of C III, while after the operation we measured 15.16    1.02 mm; 7.54    0.62 mm at the level of C IV before, and 15.29    0.2 mm after; 9.05    0.48 mm at the level of C V before and 17.23    0.4 mm after the surgery. The differences proved to be significant (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: According to our experiences the modified open-door laminoplasty is an efficient and safe method for the treatment of symptomatic multilevel @entity612 .

title: Role of modified open-door laminoplasty in the treatment of multilevel XXXX : a retrospective analysis of 43 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['cervical spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The best treatment for advanced @entity135 remains unclear. Proponents of various therapeutic regimens continue to debate this issue with inconclusive and frequently biased data and with carefully selected @entity1 in controlled trials to support their approach. To assess the outcome of @entity1 in a real-world situation, we reviewed a prospectively maintained database of @entity1 with @entity135 . METHODS: We reviewed data from 591 consecutive @entity1 with stage III or @entity957 treated at a university medical center from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 2000, and analyzed survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Overall survival was 48%, 40%, and 33% at 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively. We found a significant @entity204 rate due to comorbid conditions. The @entity5 was treated surgically (with or without postoperative radiation) in 363 @entity1 , with survival of 55%, 46%, and 38% at 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The @entity5 was treated primarily with radiation therapy (with or without neck dissection) in 193 @entity1 , with survival of 40%, 33%, and 27% at 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Overall survival in the surgical group was better than in the radiation group (P =.005, log-rank chi 2 test). The radiation group was subcategorized into those who underwent radiation because the @entity5 was so advanced as to be unresectable (n = 86), because they were too unhealthy to undergo radical surgery (n = 23), and because they elected radiation therapy (n = 84). Survival in each of the radiation subgroups at 2, 3, and 5 years was 28%, 20%, and 14%, respectively, in the unresectable group; 34%, 22%, and 11%, respectively, in the unhealthy group; and 57%, 53%, and 46%, respectively, in the elective group. Thus, survival in the elective radiation subgroup exceeded that of the surgical group, although not statistically. We analyzed data regarding T and N stages, age, race, surgical margin status, postoperative radiation therapy, chemotherapy, radiation dose, and @entity5 site. Multivariate analysis of the surgical group and elective radiation subgroup showed that N stage and age were the strongest predictors of survival and that the method of therapy was not significant. For @entity5 , the @entity1 in the elective radiation subgroup did as well as the surgical group. Many @entity1 were noncompliant with portions of therapy, with a resulting reduction in survival. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate the value of analyzing a consecutive series of @entity1 with advanced @entity135 . By including @entity1 with comorbidities and those who are noncompliant, we determined a realistic expectation of @entity1 outcomes. By including all @entity1 , the data dramatically show the impact of age, comorbidity, and advanced stage on survival. The survival of @entity1 who underwent elective radiation therapy in combination with neck dissection was similar to that of @entity1 treated with @entity5 surgery. This was particularly true for @entity5 . The site and stage-specific data are useful in counseling @entity1 with advanced @entity135 regarding treatment choices.

title: Therapeutic decision making in stages III and IV XXXX and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oropharyngeal tumors', 'oropharyngeal cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['IV squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery has become a standard treatment for @entity1204 and offers significant benefits over abdominal approaches. There are discrepant data regarding lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and positive peritoneal cytology with the use of a uterine manipulator, with previous small-scale studies demonstrating an increased incidence of these prognostically important events. We sought to determine if there was a higher incidence of LVSI in @entity1 who underwent robot-assisted surgery for @entity1204 . METHODS: We performed a single-institution review of medical records for @entity1 who underwent open abdominal or robot-assisted hysterectomy for @entity1204 over a 24-month period. The following data were abstracted: age, @entity5 grade and stage, size, depth of invasion, LVSI, and peritoneal cytology. For @entity1 with LVSI, slides were reviewed by 2 pathologists for confirmation of LVSI. RESULTS: Of 104 @entity1 identified, LVSI was reported in 39 (37.5%) and positive peritoneal cytology in 6 (4.8%). Rates of peritoneal cytology were not significantly different between the 2 groups (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-3.17; P = .50). LVSI was reported in significantly fewer robot-assisted hysterectomies than open procedures (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.92; P = .03). In subgroup analyses restricted to early-stage disease (stage  <= II), there was no significant difference in LVSI between open and robot-assisted hysterectomies (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.85; P = .43). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, we found that use of a uterine manipulator in robot-assisted surgery did not increase the incidence of LVSI.

title: Lymphovascular space invasion in robotic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyoderma (bacterial superficial @entity272 ) is an extremely common disorder in tropical developing countries. In these settings, @entity4195 is considered to be the main etiological agent. Apart from epidemics of poststreptococcal @entity631 where mass treatment with intramuscular @entity9385 - @entity114 is recommended, no recommendation exists for the treatment of @entity6793 in this setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral @entity115 in the treatment of @entity6793 in Mali, by comparison with oral @entity2929 . METHODS: In Bamako, 132 @entity1 with @entity6793 , diagnosed and graded as "severe" on clinical grounds, were randomly assigned to an oral treatment by either @entity115 (50 mg/kg per day) or @entity2929 ; infections of the follicular appendage were excluded. Both drugs were associated with the topical application of @entity4279 . The @entity1 were evaluated openly at the seventh day of treatment for cure or marked improvement of the clinical features, indicating successful treatment. RESULTS: Three @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Treatment was successful in 57 of 64 @entity1 treated with @entity115 vs. 58 of 65 @entity1 treated with @entity2929 (P = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: @entity115 was as efficacious as @entity2929 in the treatment of severe @entity6793 in Mali. Owing to its efficacy, added to high availability and low cost, this compound should be considered a first-line treatment of this disorder in this country, and perhaps in other countries where this condition presents in a similar way.

title: Oral XXXX vs. oral @entity2929 in the treatment of @entity6793 in Bamako, Mali: an open randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin', 'amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine']

entities_list: @entity9385 :: ('MESH:C010044', 'Chemical') :: ['benzathine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the implications of four widely used @entity165 screening and treatment guidelines by applying them to a population in the United Kingdom. DESIGN: Guidelines were applied to population based data from a cross sectional study of @entity65 and risk factors. SETTING: Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. SUBJECTS: General population sample (predominantly of European origin) of 322 @entity1 and 319 @entity1 aged 25-64 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportions recommended for screening and treatment. METHODS: Criteria from the British Hyperlipidaemia Association, the British Drugs and Therapeutics Bulletin (which used the Sheffield table), the @entity731 Society, and the American national @entity165 education programme were applied to the population. RESULTS: Proportions recommended for treatment varied appreciably. Based on the British Drugs and Therapeutics Bulletin guidelines, treatment was recommended for 5.3% (95% confidence interval 2.9% to 7.7%) of @entity1 and 3.3% (1.5% to 5.3%) of @entity1 , while equivalent respective values were 4.6 (2.3 to 6.9) and 2.8 (1.0 to 4.6) for the British Hyperlipidaemia Association, 23% (18.4% to 27.6%) and 10.6% (7.3% to 14.0%) for the @entity731 Society, and 37.2% (31.9% to 42.5%) and 22.2% (17.6% to 26.8%) for the national @entity165 education programme. Only the British Hyperlipidaemia Association and Drugs and Therapeutics Bulletin guidelines recommend selective screening. Applying British Hyperlipidaemia Association guidelines, from 7.1% (4.3% to 9.9%) of @entity1 in level one to 56.7% (51.3% to 62.1%) of @entity1 in level three, and from 4.4% (2.1% to 6.7%) of @entity1 in level one to 54.4% (48.9% to 59.9%) of @entity1 in level three would have been recommended for @entity165 screening. Had the Drugs and Therapeutics Bulletin guidelines been applied, 22.2% (16.5% to 27.9%) of @entity1 and 12.2% (8. 6% to 15.8%) of @entity1 would have been screened. CONCLUSIONS: Without evidence based guidelines, there are problems of variation. A consistent approach needs to be developed and agreed across the United Kingdom.

title: Implications of applying widely accepted XXXX screening and management guidelines to a British adult population: cross sectional study of @entity65 and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['European Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Density and pattern of nerve fibers with @entity10969 -like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) and substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) in the @entity35 dura mater encephali were investigated by light and electron microscopy using whole-mount preparations. NPY-LI fibers are observed throughout the encephalic dura mater. A remarkable net of NPY-LI nerve fibers is located in the walls of the sagittal and transverse sinuses. Beyond that NPY-LI network, distinct NPY-LI nerve fibers or plexus occur in the rostral falx, parietal dura mater of the olfactory bulb, supratentorial dura mater, parietal dura mater of the cerebellum, tentorium cerebelli and the ventral dura mater. Electron microscopic studies reveal that NPY-LI is exclusively located in unmyelinated axons of small and large nerve fiber bundles, with or without a @entity12786 . Immunopositive C-fibers are predominantly associated with the vascular bed. SP-LI nerve fibers have a moderate and more uniform distribution in the encephalic dura mater. A distinct plexus of SP-LI fibers follows the branches of the middle meningeal artery and the adjacent dura mater. SP-LI fibers are most prominent in the parietal dura mater of the cerebellum. Fine beaded SP-LI fibers, arising from larger SP-LI fiber bundles, are observed in close association to the capillary bed. SP-LI axons are all unmyelinated. They are found in larger nerve fiber bundles with a @entity12786 or in Schwann cells lacking any @entity12786 . The function of NPY-LI and SP-LI nerve fibers in the @entity35 dura mater is discussed in relation to their topography, density and termination.

title: @entity10969 - and substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the XXXX dura mater encephali.

entities_list: @entity12786 :: ('MESH:D052958', 'Disease') :: ['perineural sheath']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterise the black-pigmented bacterial species found in the subgingival samples of @entity468 with @entity2520 using molecular-based microbiological techniques. METHODS: Sixty-five subgingival samples obtained from 50 @entity468 with @entity2520 were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. RESULTS: Among the 65 subgingival samples, eight phylogenetic profiles were obtained, of which the most prevalent species were: @entity2523 gulae (40%), @entity2523 /P. gulae (36        9%), P. gulae/ @entity2523 sp. UQD 406 (9        2%), Odoribacter denticanis (6        2%), P. gulae/ @entity2523 sp. UQD 348 (1        5%) and P. circumdentaria (1        5%). When compared with the species resulting from biochemical diagnosis, the identification of P. gulae was congruent in 70% of the cases, while colonies identified as @entity3288 -like corresponded in 80% of cases to P. gulae. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of molecular-based microbiological diagnostic techniques resulted in a predominance of @entity2523 spp. in the @entity527 of @entity468 suffering from @entity2520 . Further characterisation of these bacteria identified P. gulae, O. denticanis and P. circumdentaria. The more frequently detected phylogenetic profiles corresponded to @entity2523 and P. gulae.

title: Molecular identification of black-pigmented bacteria from subgingival samples of XXXX suffering from @entity2520 .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity16 of the cauda equina (HNCE) is a rare form of @entity1897 . The diagnosis is complicated by an insidious clinical presentation and complex radiographic images. We present a case of HNCE caused by chronic inflammatory demyelinating @entity305 with symptomatic improvement after decompressive lumbar laminectomy and dural expansion. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old @entity1 with a history of back @entity158 since she was in her 20s presented with @entity1643 that had increased during a period of 6 months, bilateral @entity425 , and @entity393 in the right thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine revealed multiple, poorly enhancing mass lesions and apparent intrathecal nerve root thickening from L1 to L5. INTERVENTION: An L1-L5 decompressive laminectomy, performed with continuous somatosensory evoked potential and electromyographic monitoring, revealed @entity1347 . One nerve root that did not respond to high levels of stimulation was identified. This root was resected and submitted for pathological analysis. The dura was expanded with an 11-cm-long dural patch. The pathological examination revealed @entity16 , with extensive S-100-positive "onion bulb" formation. The @entity1 's symptoms improved postoperatively. CONCLUSION: HNCE is a rare disorder that can cause @entity158 and @entity425 , @entity393 , and @entity427 . One possible cause is demyelinating @entity305 . Although medical management is typically effective in the treatment of demyelinating @entity305 , it has little effect on compressive symptoms caused by intradural nerve root enlargement. As this case demonstrates, surgical management of symptomatic @entity614 by lumbar laminectomy is a reasonable and effective approach to the treatment of HNCE.

title: XXXX of the cauda equina: case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back and radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['multiple segmentally enlarged nerve roots']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic neuropathy', 'hypertrophic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity weakness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['sensory loss']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyporeflexia']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To identify the causative jellyfish species by examining skin scrapings in @entity1 presenting to Cairns Base Hospital with marine stings, and (2) to describe clinical outcomes of those with @entity751 and those in whom nematocysts were identified from skin scrapings. DESIGN AND SETTING: (1) A retrospective case series of 128 @entity1 , identified from Cairns Base Hospital emergency department records with discharge diagnoses of marine stings between 1 July 2001 and 30 June 2002. (2) A prospective study of skin scrapings from 50 @entity1 presenting with marine stings from the same period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of @entity1 with @entity751 , their opioid requirements and cardiac findings (where available); identification of causative species from nematocysts isolated from skin scrapings. RESULTS: 116 @entity1 retrospectively identified with marine stings had @entity751 . Of 50 @entity1 who had skin scrapings, 39 had nematocysts consistent with Carukia barnesi. Symptoms experienced ranged from @entity158 alone to severe @entity751 with elevated troponin I levels, changes on electrocardiogram, @entity299 on echocardiography, and high opioid dose requirements. One @entity1 had an unidentified cnidome on his skin scraping. He developed severe @entity751 and subsequently died from its complications. CONCLUSION: This is the first published report of Carukia barnesi being successfully identified from skin scrapings. Most @entity1 with identifiable cnidomes experiencing @entity751 were stung by Carukia barnesi, which we show causes a wide range of illness, including @entity299 . Our finding of a cnidome not consistent with Carukia barnesi in the setting of @entity751 makes it possible that other species of jellyfish may also cause this syndrome.

title: Severity of XXXX and nematocyst identification from skin scrapings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Irukandji syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Irukandji syndrome']


abstract: Thermophilic (strain GOMI-1(T)) and mesophilic (strain KOME-1(T)) strains were isolated from two different cultures of @entity4919 -degrading consortia obtained from thermophilic digester sludge and @entity579 paddy soil, respectively. The two strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile and Gram-negative. Both strains were obligately anaerobic micro-organisms, showing multicellular filamentous morphotypes more than 100 mum in length. The cell width for strain GOMI-1(T) was 0.2-0.4 mum and that of strain KOME-1(T) was 0.4-0.6 mum. Strain GOMI-1(T) could grow at 45-65 degrees C with a pH range of 6.0-7.5 (optimum growth at 55 degrees C, pH 7.0). The temperature range for growth of strain KOME-1(T) was 30-40 degrees C and the pH range was pH 5.0-8.5 (optimum growth around 37 degrees C, pH 7.0). @entity375 extract was required for growth of both strains. Strain GOMI-1(T) was able to grow with a number of @entity3363 in the presence of @entity375 extract. In @entity375 extract-containing medium, strain KOME-1(T) could utilize proteins and a limited range of @entity3363 for growth. The G+C contents of the DNA of strains GOMI-1(T) and KOME-1(T) were respectively 54.7 and 57.6 mol%. Major @entity1718 of strain GOMI-1(T) were C(16 : 0), C(14 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0), whereas those of strain KOME-1(T) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(14 : 0). Based on comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains GOMI-1(T) and KOME-1(T), the strains were placed in different phylogenetic positions in the class Anaerolineae of the bacterial phylum Chloroflexi. Their phenotypic and genetic traits strongly supported the conclusion that the strains should be described as two independent taxa in the class Anaerolineae. Hence, we propose the names Bellilinea caldifistulae gen. nov., sp. nov., and Longilinea arvoryzae gen. nov., sp. nov., for strains GOMI-1(T) and KOME-1(T). The type strains of Bellilinea caldifistulae and Longilinea arvoryzae are respectively GOMI-1(T) (=JCM 13669(T) =DSM 17877(T)) and KOME-1(T) (=JCM 13670(T) =KTCC 5380(T)).

title: Bellilinea caldifistulae gen. nov., sp. nov. and Longilinea arvoryzae gen. nov., sp. nov., strictly anaerobic, filamentous bacteria of the phylum Chloroflexi isolated from methanogenic XXXX -degrading consortia.

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['sugars', 'carbohydrates']

answer: @entity4919 :: (CHEBI:17272,Chemical) :: ['propionate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Open @entity174 are rare but usually associated with a high incidence of @entity532 and increased mortality rates. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate all consecutive open @entity174 in @entity1 treated at a single Level-1 @entity130 Center during a 10-year interval. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a 10-year interval, 30 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity4422 were admitted at a Level-1 @entity130 Center. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data obtained from the medical records, which included @entity1 's age, sex, mechanism of injury, classification of the pelvic lesion, Injury Severity Score (ISS), emergency interventions, surgical interventions, length of hospital and Intensive Care Unit stay, and @entity532 , including perioperative @entity532 and @entity204 . The Jones classification was used to characterize the energy of the pelvic @entity130 and the Faringer classification to define the location of the open wound. Among the survivors, the results were assessed in the last outpatient visit using the EuroQol EQ-5D and the Blake questionnaires. It was established the relationship between the mortality and morbidity and these classification systems by using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, with a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: Twelve (40%) @entity1 died either from the pelvic lesion or related injuries. All of them had an ISS superior to 35. The Jones classification showed a direct relationship to the mortality rate in those @entity1 (p = 0.012). In the 18 (60%) other @entity1 evaluated, the mean follow-up was 16.3 months, ranging from 24 to 112 months. Eleven (61%) @entity1 had a satisfactory outcome. The Jones classification showed a statistically significant relationship both to the objective and subjective outcomes (p < 5%). The Faringer classification showed a statistically significant relationship to the subjective, but not to the objective outcome. In addition, among the 18 @entity1 evaluated at the last outpatient visit, the Faringer classification showed statistical significance on the need of colostomy (p = 0.001) in the acute phase of treatment. CONCLUSION: We suggest the routine use of the Jones classification for the emergency room assessment and management of all open fractures of the pelvic ring. We believe the Faringer classification seems to be useful for the abdominal surgeons for the indication of gut transit derivation but not for the acute management of the bony component of an @entity4422 .

title: Open XXXX : Review of 30 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pelvic Fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of the metabolic agent @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ), both in monotherapy and in combination with other antianginal agents, in the treatment of stable @entity951 . A search of literature published between 1985 and 2001 was performed on computerized databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE). METHODS: Only double-blind, randomized, controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. @entity1 had to be treated for at least 2 weeks. Four parameters were selected, one clinical parameter (number of @entity951 ) and three ergometric parameters (time to 1 mm ST-segment @entity308 , total work and exercise duration at peak exercise). They were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the treatment period.The quality of the trials was assessed on specific methodological criteria. Standard statistical methods, pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for subjective symptoms and pooled z and P for objective symptoms, were used. RESULTS: Twelve clinical studies meeting our criteria were analyzed. Results showed that @entity2904 significantly reduced the number of @entity951 in coronary @entity1 and improved time to 1 mm segment @entity308 and total work at peak exercise, while exercise duration at peak exercise showed a trend toward improvement (P = 0.09). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirms the efficacy of @entity2904 in the treatment of stable @entity951 , compared with placebo or conventional antianginal agent, as well as in monotherapy or in combination with conventional antianginal agents. @entity2904 is well tolerated in monotherapy as well as in combination.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of @entity1481 in stable XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['weekly angina attacks', 'angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetazidine']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Psychological factors have been described as important for @entity392 severity, but attempts to incorporate them in one picture are sparse. This study investigated to what extent traits (personality), states ( @entity308 ), sociodemographic factors and questioning environment influence @entity392 and how they interplay. Data were obtained from 212 subjects in a survey that was undertaken in 2016 at Vilnius University hospital and via internet. Measures included the @entity1032 Inventory (THI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), @entity148 and @entity308 Scale (HADS), Big Five Personality Dimensions Scale and sociodemographic questions. A series of stepwise forward and multiple regression analyses were undertaken to discover how factors interconnect. Female gender, age, living in rural area, but not level of education, were found to be associated with THI and HADS. Total HADS score and of both subscales were linked to scores on THI, VAS scales and all personality traits, except agreeableness (and consciousness for @entity148 ). @entity148 was the most important predictor for @entity392 severity, followed by @entity308 . Only @entity663 from personality dimensions was a predictor of THI score, whereas THI scores did not predict scores on @entity663 . All results in scales were higher in the internet group, except agreeableness and @entity663 , while extroversion correlated negatively with THI score only in the hospital group. Tinnitus severity was highly correlated with @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity663 . Respondents recruited through internet had higher scores on most parameters. Results emphasize the importance of @entity392 .

title: The role of questioning environment, personality traits, @entity308 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Tinnitus Handicap']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressive and anxiety symptoms', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'psychological factors in tinnitus management', 'tinnitus severity perception']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus severity perception']


abstract: The coculture of lymphoid cells from Fischer 344 @entity35 with recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) resulted in the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Maximal LAK activity was obtained between 200 and 1000 units/ml @entity5041 . Lymphoid cells from spleen, thymus, bone marrow, peripheral blood, and lymph nodes were able to generate LAK activity although the kinetics and magnitudes of the responses were appreciably different among these tissues. Thus, while spleen and blood lymphocytes responded quickly (by day 3) and gave the highest level of LAK activity in response to @entity5041 , bone marrow and thymus cells responded only by 7 to 9 days in culture. LAK activity could be generated from a variety of @entity35 strains regardless of whether there were high or low levels of endogenous splenic natural killer (NK) activity, but the early (day 3) response was lower in the strains with low levels of NK activity. Cells with LAK activity could lyse a variety of @entity5 targets including fresh @entity843 or fresh syngeneic solid @entity5 explants but could not lyse fresh normal cells including syngeneic fibroblasts, peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow cells, thymocytes, or T,B blasts. The generation of LAK activity required a concomitant proliferative response and could be completely abrogated by @entity1138 , @entity4316 , or X-irradiation above 500 rads. These treatments, however, did not affect natural killer activity or short-term (4 h) @entity5041 -boosted NK activity. LAK activity could be generated from spleen cells obtained from @entity35 as early as 10 days of age but could not be generated from unfractionated neonatal @entity409 , or peritoneal macrophages. The ontogeny of the development of splenic LAK activity correlated closely to the development of concurrent natural killer activity. When mixed with an NK-resistant mammary @entity420 (MADB106) and adoptively transferred to normal syngeneic recipients in standard Winn-type assays, LAK cells were effective at inducing complete @entity5 inhibition.

title: Lymphokine-activated killer cells in XXXX : analysis of tissue and strain distribution, ontogeny, and target specificity.

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['spleen, neonatal liver']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays are used to map H3 and H4 acetylation over the promoter nucleosomes and the coding region of the @entity375 @entity11609 gene, under repressed and derepressed conditions, using wild type and mutant strains. In wild type cells, a high level of H3 acetylation at the distal end of the promoter drops sharply toward the proximal nucleosome that covers the TATA box, a gradient that become even steeper on derepression. In contrast, substantial H4 acetylation shows no such gradient and extends into the coding region. Overall levels of both H3 and H4 acetylation rise on derepression. Mutation of GCN5 or @entity28328 lead to substantially reduced @entity11609 expression; in gnc5 there is no reduction in basal H3 acetylation, but large reductions occur on derepression. @entity28328 mutation has little effect on H3 acetylation, so SAGA and SWI/SNF recruitment seem to be independent events. H4 acetylation is little affected by either GCN5 or @entity28328 mutation. In a double @entity28328 /gcn5 mutant (very low @entity11609 expression), H3 acetylation is at the minimal level, but H4 acetylation remains largely unaffected. Transcription is thus linked to H3 but not H4 acetylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that @entity15434 is evenly distributed over the four promoter nucleosomes in repressed wild type cells but redistributes upstream on derepression, a movement probably linked to its conversion from a repressor to an activator.

title: A short-range gradient of histone H3 acetylation and @entity15434 redistribution at the promoter of the XXXX @entity11609 gene.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The precise role of total body @entity419 -positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the clinical management of @entity1 with @entity320 ( @entity320 ) is not well established. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT in early- and late-stage @entity1 with high-risk @entity320 . METHODS: We retrospectively analysed various imaging, histopathological and clinical data from 97 @entity1 also examined by PET/CT during a 5-year period (2007-2011). Three groups were assessed: stage I/II, resected stage III and unresectable stage III/stage IV. RESULTS: The median follow-up time of living @entity1 was 43.48      19.67 (15-142) months. We observed a high diagnostic accuracy in all stages (91.3%, 92.5% and 96.2% respectively). PET/CT appeared to be reliable diagnostic tool even for the detection of small lymph node @entity3 . PET/CT was informative in 14 of 19 cases wherein another imaging examination provided inconclusive results regarding lesion dignity. However, PET/CT was less suitable for properly evaluating the dignity of a @entity358 . A true positive scan was twice as likely in clinically negative @entity1 with resected @entity5 than in @entity1 with stage I/II disease (35.9% and 14.5%, P  =  0.007). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that PET/CT is an important diagnostic tool in the management of @entity1 with high-risk @entity320 , but it cannot replace the standard of care examinations. More accurate clinicopathological and timing criteria must be defined to best utilize the advantages of this imaging method.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of XXXX -PET/CT in early and late stages of high-risk @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['CMM', 'cutaneous malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18) F-FDG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI), a common procedure in @entity4932 , is usually associated with @entity148 and @entity158 . In a previous study, we concluded that @entity3810 ( @entity6836 ) provides effective and safe sedation for such procedures. Following the introduction of medical clowns in our hospital, we added them as an integral part of the team performing IACI. OBJECTIVES: To prospectively evaluate the effect of a medical clown on @entity158 perception during intra-articular corticosteroid injection for @entity4932 using @entity6836 conscious sedation. METHODS: @entity1 scheduled for IACI first met and interacted with the medical clown. During the procedure, the rheumatologist and the medical clown worked in parallel to create distraction. @entity6836 was administered. The @entity1 , parent, physician, medical clown and nurse completed a visual analog scale (0-10) for @entity158 . Change in heart rate >=  15% was recorded to evaluate physiologic response to @entity158 and stress. RESULTS: A total of 46 procedures were performed in 32 @entity1 : 23 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 , with a mean age of 10.9    3.6 years. The median visual analog scale @entity158 score for the @entity1 , parents, physicians, medical clown and nurses was 2, 2, 1, 1 and 1, respectively. Five @entity1 had increased heart rate and experienced @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Active participation of a medical clown during IACI with @entity3810 for @entity4932 further @entity158 and stress and results in a positive @entity1 experience.

title: Medical clowns facilitate XXXX sedation during intra-articular corticosteroid injection for @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain', 'decreases pain']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing. Awareness of this infection is crucial yet problematic. Delayed management may lead to destructive results. We empirically treated a series of @entity1 with clinical suspicion of NTM infection prior to the identification of the pathogen. METHODS: A total of 12 @entity1 who developed surgical site @entity281 between January 2011 and February 2014 were reviewed. @entity1 with a skin and @entity281 resistant to standard management over two weeks, and previous history of aesthetic procedures within three months were regarded as highly suspected of having an NTM infection. A variety of diagnostic modalities were examined simultaneously, along with starting empirical treatment including a combination of @entity4581 and @entity3477 , and surgical debridement. RESULTS: All wounds healed completely within 4 weeks. The mean follow-up duration was 7.2 months, and none of the @entity1 developed relapse. Specific NTM pathogens were identified in six @entity1 . Eight @entity1 showed caseating @entity738 implying an NTM infection. One @entity1 showed an uncommon @entity281 , which was successfully treated. Three @entity1 had no evidence of a pathogen despite repeated microbial tests. Complications such as scarring, @entity2118 were common in all the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: NTM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an unusual skin and soft-tissue infection. We propose an empirical regimen of @entity4581 and @entity3477 as an efficient treatment option for an NTM infection.

title: Empirical treatment of highly suspected nontuberculous mycobacteria XXXX following aesthetic procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Stenotrophomonas infection', 'infections', 'subcutaneous infection']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation, and disfigurement']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown over-expression of @entity2247 in @entity0 . Also it has been recorded that @entity1 @entity0 expresses high level of @entity2247 and 12-lipoxygenase which may be beneficial in future therapy plan for those @entity1 . AIMS: The present study aims to examine the level of transcripts of @entity2247 and 12-lipoxygenase in Egyptian @entity0 @entity1 and to compare between the expressions of both enzymes and @entity2802 staging, hormone receptors status (including @entity172 and @entity1420 ) and @entity1722 /neu expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total cellular RNA was extracted from 64 frozen tissue samples of @entity0 and their corresponding normal adjacent tissues. @entity2247 and 12-lipooxygenase expressions were detected using RT-PCR. Hormonal receptors as well as @entity1722 were detected immuno-histochemically for each @entity1 . RESULTS: About 47 and 62.5% of @entity189 samples showed over-expression of @entity2247 and 12-lipooxygenase respectively as compared to their corresponding normal tissues. The results revealed that @entity2247 significantly associated with @entity2802 staging (P = 0.0047) and hormonal receptors status (P = 0.0201). The relationship between @entity2247 and @entity1722 expression was close to a significant value (P = 0.0747). 12-lipooxygenase showed only significant association with @entity2802 staging (P = 0.0076). Neither hormonal receptors nor @entity1722 showed significant association with this enzyme. CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of @entity2247 and 12-lipoxygenase expression were detected in @entity1 @entity0 . Also, the results revealed that @entity2247 and 12-lipooxygenase mRNA expressions are associated with @entity2802 staging in @entity1 @entity0 . Furthermore, there is an inverse association between @entity2247 expression and hormonal receptor status. This observation may drive us to the possible role of those two enzymes in determining the plan of therapy of @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and 12-lipoxygenase in @entity1 XXXX and their relationship with HER-2/ @entity1722 and hormonal receptors: impact on prognosis and therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Fermentation in the rumen of @entity291 produces @entity577 ( @entity578 ). @entity577 may play a role in global warming scenarios. The linking of grazing management strategies to more efficient beef production while reducing the @entity578 emitted by beef @entity291 is important. The @entity9809 (SF6) tracer technique was used to determine the effects of best management practices (BMP) grazing compared with continuous grazing on @entity578 production in several Louisiana forages during 1996-1998. @entity291 and heifers ( @entity291 ) grazed common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pastures and were wintered on bahiagrass hay with supplements of protein molasses blocks (PMB), cottonseed meal and @entity4336 (CSMC), @entity1133 and @entity4336 (URC), or limited ryegrass grazing (LRG). Daily @entity578 emissions were between 89 and 180 g d(-1) for young growing heifers and 165 to 294 g d(-1) for mature Simbrah @entity291 . Heifers on "ad lib" ryegrass in March and April produced only one-tenth the @entity578 per kg of gain as heifers on LRG of 1 h. Using @entity21218 significantly reduced the emission of @entity578 per unit of animal @entity1017 . Management-intensive grazing (MIG) is a BMP that offers the potential for more efficient utilization of grazed forage crops via controlled rotational grazing and more efficient conversion of forage into meat and milk. Projected @entity578 annual emissions in @entity291 reflect a 22% reduction from BMP when compared with continuous grazing in this study. With the BMP application of MIG, less @entity577 was produced per kilogram of beef gain.

title: XXXX emissions of beef @entity291 on forages: efficiency of grazing management systems.

entities_list: @entity9809 :: ('MESH:D013459', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur hexafluoride']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane', 'Methane']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Cows', 'cows', 'cattle', 'Bos taurus']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['Methane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the development of stage-specific treatments for @entity788 , controversies exist concerning optimal clinical and pathologic staging. The most recent edition of the American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) @entity5 Staging Manual 6(th) Edition included some notable modifications. In anticipation of the 7(th) edition's publication, the authors evaluated the predictive ability of the current @entity788 staging system. METHODS: By using the National @entity5 Data Base (1992-1998), 121,713 @entity1 were identified with @entity788 . All @entity1 were restaged by AJCC 6(th) edition guidelines. Stage-specific overall survival was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with log-rank tests. Concordance indices were calculated to evaluate the discriminatory power of the staging system. Cox modeling was used to determine the relative impact of T, N, and M classification on survival. RESULTS: For all @entity1 , there was 5-year survival discrimination by stage (P < .0001). For @entity1 who underwent pancreatectomy, stage predicted 5-year survival: stage IA, 31.4%; IB, 27.2%; IIA, 15.7%; IIB, 7.7%; III, 6.8%; IV, 2.8% (P < .0001). The concordance index for the staging system was 0.631 for all @entity1 , 0.613 for those who underwent pancreatectomy, and 0.596 for @entity1 who did not undergo resection. In @entity1 who underwent pancreatectomy, @entity5 size, nodal status, and distant @entity3 were independent predictors of survival (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first large-scale validation of the @entity788 staging system. AJCC 6(th) edition staging guidelines are accurate with respect to survival. Further investigation is needed to integrate new molecular and biochemical markers into the staging scheme.

title: Validation of the 6th edition AJCC XXXX Staging System: report from the National @entity5 Database.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: We performed an analysis to determine the importance of @entity6741 modification genes in the gut microbiome of @entity29 and @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . We used publicly available metagenomic datasets from the @entity1 Microbiome Project and the MetaHIT consortium, and determined the abundance of @entity6741 hydrolase gene (bsh), 7 alpha-dehydroxylase gene (adh) and 7-alpha @entity14128 dehydrogenase gene (hsdh) in fecal bacteria in diseased populations of @entity30 ( @entity30 ), @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Phylum level abundance analysis showed a significant reduction in Firmicute-derived bsh in @entity31 and @entity6 @entity1 but not in @entity30 @entity1 , relative to healthy controls. Reduction of adh and hsdh genes was also seen in @entity31 and @entity6 @entity1 , while an increase was observed in the @entity30 population as compared to healthy controls. A further analysis of the bsh genes showed significant differences in the correlations of certain Firmicutes families with disease or healthy populations. From this observation we proceeded to analyse BSH protein sequences and identified BSH proteins clusters representing the most abundant strains in our analysis of Firmicute bsh genes. The abundance of the bsh genes corresponding to one of these protein clusters was significantly reduced in all disease states relative to healthy controls. This cluster includes bsh genes derived from Lachospiraceae, Clostridiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Ruminococcaceae families. This metagenomic analysis provides evidence of the importance of @entity6741 modifying enzymes in health and disease. It further highlights the importance of identifying gene and protein clusters, as the same gene may be associated with health or disease, depending on the strains expressing the enzyme, and differences in the enzymes themselves.

title: Bacterial bile metabolising gene abundance in Crohn's, @entity31 and @entity164 2 XXXX metagenomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative Colitis']

entities_list: @entity14128 :: ('CHEBI:35350', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt', 'bile acid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate transthoracic needle aspiration biopsies of @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity1544 of @entity135 . METHODS: Retrospective series of 85 @entity1 with @entity5 and pulmonary nodules who underwent CT-guided needle aspiration biopsy. RESULTS: Diagnostic samples were obtained in 85% of @entity1 . There were 8 benign and 77 malignant lesions. Among the 73 proved cases, 4 were false-negative cases. CT-guided biopsy had an accuracy of 81%, a sensitivity of 94%, and a negative predictive value of 60%. Accuracies were 68% for lesions of 20 mm or smaller and 89% for lesions greater than 20 mm. In a subset of 45 solitary lesions, among 30 positive biopsies, 15 were categorized as primary @entity5 , 3 as metastatic, and 12 as indeterminate @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity135 @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity5 is high when a @entity358 is detected. CT-guided biopsy of @entity358 is an accurate procedure. However, a third of positive biopsies were categorized as indeterminate @entity5 .

title: @entity135 XXXX with pulmonary nodules: value and role of CT-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsies.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of head and neck cancer', 'thoracic malignancies', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion', 'pulmonary lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Heterologous protein production often causes a significant metabolic burden in @entity526 cells which manifests itself in a substantial decrease in their physiological characteristics such as the maximal specific growth rate on a given substrate, the maximal substrate uptake rate as well as the maximal specific @entity26 uptake rate. In high-cell-density cultures, the substrate feed rate must be adapted to this changing capabilities of the cells in order to avoid overfeeding and thus the formation of by-products that inhibit the cell performance further. This requires the precise knowledge about the changes in these specific rates, particularly during the product formation phase. In order to precisely investigate the time profile of the critical specific substrate uptake rate   crit of microorganisms, i.e. the maximal rate at which the cells can fully oxidize their substrate, a new online tracking technique is presented. The feed rate F is modulated in such a way that the specific substrate uptake rate    is linearly raised towards its critical value   crit. When this is reached the feed rate is automatically reduced and the procedure is repeated. In this way the method automatically follows the changing time profile of   crit during the entire cultivation and avoids significant @entity598 formation rates. This procedure considerably increases the identifiability of   crit. The high precision of the technique also results from replacing the @entity4095 measurements that seem to suggest themselves for monitoring maximal @entity26 uptake rate, by measuring the total @entity26 consumption rate tOUR, which is available at a much higher signal-to-noise ratio and is not as prone to distortions. An important advantage of measuring tOUR is that it allows keeping @entity4095 controlled at its optimal value. The applicability of the new tracking technology is demonstrated at @entity526 cultures. The resulting   crit(t) profile allows determining the substrate feed rate profile and other key variables that can be used for advanced feedback control in protein production processes. The technique can be considered a PAT tool and is well suited to industrial fermentations.

title: Avoiding overfeeding in high cell density fed-batch cultures of XXXX during the production of heterologous proteins.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3204 is a globally distributed parasitic protozoan that infects @entity1 and other warm-blooded vertebrates. Felids are the only definitive host for @entity3204 , and they excrete oocysts in their faeces. The national prevalence in @entity1 is declining in the United States. This zoonotic organism is of particular interest due to its importance in pregnant @entity1 , in individuals with altered immune systems, and in reactivated @entity5517 . Exposure to the parasite in @entity1 is usually associated with consumption of raw or undercooked meat or by accidental ingestion of oocysts. It was hypothesized that veterinary students would have a greater chance at exposure to the parasite than an average population of undergraduate students due to increased contact with @entity468 who are infected. A commercially available ELISA was used to examine serum samples from 336 students (252 veterinary students and 84 undergraduate students) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine for serum IgG antibodies to T.  gondii antigen. The prevalence of @entity3204 in these subjects was 5.6% in veterinary school students (n  =  252) and 2.4% in undergraduates (n  =  84). There was no significant difference (P  >  0.05) in the prevalence of T.  gondii antibodies in veterinary versus undergraduate students. The overall prevalence of 4.8% in all students in this study reflects the continuing decline of antibodies to @entity3204 in @entity1 in the United States.

title: Prevalence of IgG Antibodies to XXXX in Veterinary and Undergraduate Students at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infections']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii', 'T.  gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: Three @entity3261 mutants with chromosomal mutations that affect bacterial virulence were isolated by transposon mutagenesis. Two of the mutants were avirulent on all hosts tested. The third mutant, Ivr-211, was a host range mutant which was avirulent on Bryophyllum diagremontiana, @entity286 , N. debneyi, N. glauca, and @entity10786 but was virulent on Zinnia elegans and @entity523 ( @entity523 ). That the mutant phenotype was due to the transposon insertion was determined by cloning the DNA containing the transposon insertion and using the cloned DNA to replace the wild-type DNA in the parent bacterial strain by marker exchange. The transposon insertions in the three mutants mapped at three widely separated locations on the bacterial chromosome. The effects of the mutations on various steps in @entity5 formation were examined. All three mutants showed no alteration in binding to @entity10786 cells. However, none of the mutants showed any induction of vir genes by @entity33177 under conditions in which the parent strain showed vir gene induction. When the mutant bacteria were examined for changes in surface components, it was found that all three of the mutants showed a similar alteration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS from the mutants was larger in size and more heavily saccharide substituted than LPS from the parent strain. Two of the mutants showed no detectable alteration in outer membrane and periplasmic space proteins. The third mutant, Ivr-225, was missing a 79-kDa surface peptide. The reason(s) for the failure of vir gene induction in these mutants and its relationship, if any, to the observed alteration in LPS are unknown.

title: Characterization of three XXXX avirulent mutants with chromosomal mutations that affect induction of vir genes.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum']

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity33177 :: ('MESH:C051667', 'Chemical') :: ['acetosyringone']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Lycopersicon esculentum']

entities_list: @entity10786 :: ('4039', 'Species') :: ['Daucus carota', 'carrot']

answer: @entity3261 :: (358,Species) :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']


abstract: Fibropapillomatosis continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in sea turtles, particularly in @entity15117 . Turtles with this debilitating herpesvirus disease usually present with multiple, large, and ulcerated cutaneous masses that compromise both locomotion and feeding. There are very few available therapeutic strategies, with surgical excision being the most common. However, this surgical excision is associated with a high rate of @entity66 recurrence and secondary infections. Electrochemotherapy has been used for the treatment of @entity2785 in several animal species. This technique is based on a combination of chemotherapy, usually with @entity1732 or @entity900 , and electroporation. It consists of a series of short, high-voltage electric pulses that lead to increased membrane permeability and more efficient transport of antineoplastic drugs through the cellular membrane. Here, two @entity15117 fibropapillomas were treated with a standard electrochemotherapy protocol using intralesional @entity1732 injections followed by the application of electric pulses. Two sessions were performed, with a 33-day interval between sessions. Complete regression of lesions occurred without side effects or complications in each animal. There was no sign of local recurrence, even 1 yr after the end of treatment. Electrochemotherapy may be an effective therapeutic alternative for sea turtles with fibropapillomas.

title: Electrochemotherapy for the treatment of fibropapillomas in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15117 :: ('8469', 'Species') :: ['C. mydas', 'Chelonia mydas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin', 'bleomycin sulfate']

answer: @entity15117 :: (8469,Species) :: ['Chelonia mydas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This case-matched study aimed to assess the feasibility and the potential benefits of placement of a prophylactic bioprosthetic collagen porcine mesh during closure of the temporary ileostomy after @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for @entity5 . METHODS: From September 2012 to March 2013, 30 consecutive @entity1 underwent placement of a retromuscular bioprosthetic mesh in the abdominal wall during closure of a diverting ileostomy after sphincter-saving laparoscopic @entity348 for @entity5 (mesh group). These 30 @entity1 were matched individually to all identical @entity1 who underwent a closure of the ileostomy without mesh after laparoscopic @entity348 extracted from our prospective database (control group). The matching process was performed according to sex, age, body mass index, medically treated @entity6 , neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and the delay between @entity348 and closure of the ileostomy. The primary endpoint was stoma site incisional @entity547 , assessed in a blinded fashion by CT 1  year later. RESULTS: Mesh placement was feasible in all mesh group @entity1 . There was no postoperative mortality. Overall postoperative morbidity rates were similar between mesh and control groups (n  =  5 [17%] vs n  =  7 [11%], respectively; P  =  .512). On the 1-year CT, incisional @entity547 at the site of stomal closure was less in the mesh group (n  =  1) compared with the control group (n  =  12; P  =  .043). Reoperation for incisional @entity547 at the site of stomal closure was performed in 8 @entity1 (13%) in the control group, whereas no @entity1 from the mesh group required repair of the @entity547 (P  =  .052). CONCLUSION: Placement of a bioprosthetic collagen porcine mesh during closure of the temporary ileostomy after laparoscopic @entity348 for @entity5 seems to decrease the chance of @entity547 formation at the stoma site, at least at the 1-year follow-up.

title: Bioprosthetic mesh reinforcement during temporary stoma closure decreases the rate of incisional XXXX : A blinded, case-matched study in 94 @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore changes of neuronal @entity460 channel following @entity75 induced by injection of pertussis bacilli in @entity35 , and to investigate the relationship between cytosolic free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) in the synaptosome and @entity141 -ATPase activities of mitochondria. METHODS: The level of [ @entity141 ](i) in the synaptosome and @entity141 -ATPase activities of mitochondria in the acute @entity75 induced by injection of pertussis bacilli (PB) in @entity35 was determined and @entity3931 was administrated to show its effects on [ @entity141 ](i) in the synaptosome and on alteration of @entity141 -ATPase activity in the mitochondria. Seventy-three @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups, ie, normal control group (Group A), sham-operation control group (Group B), PB group (Group C) and @entity3931 treatment group (Group D). RESULTS: The level of [ @entity141 ](i) was significantly increased in the PB-injected cerebral hemisphere in the Group C as compared with that in the Group A and the Group B at 30 minutes after injection of PB. The level of [ @entity141 ](i) was kept higher in the 4 hours and 24 hours subgroups after the injection in the Group C (P<0.05). In contrast, the @entity141 -ATPase activities were decreased remarkably among all of the subgroups in the Group C. @entity3931 , which was administered after injection of PB, could significantly decrease the [ @entity141 ](i) and increase the activity of @entity141 -ATPase (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The neuronal @entity460 channel is opened after injection of PB. There is a negative correlation between activities of @entity141 -ATPase and [ @entity141 ](i). @entity3931 can reduce @entity75 through stimulating the activities of @entity141 -ATPase in the mitochondria, and decrease the level of [ @entity141 ](i) in the synaptosome. Treatment with @entity3931 dramatically reduces the effects of @entity75 induced by injection of PB.

title: Changes of neuronal XXXX channel following @entity75 induced by injection of pertussis bacilli in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine', 'Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: EXTENSIVE AND COSTLY INVESTIGATIONS: Are not warranted in the vast majority of @entity101 @entity1 . Characteristics identifying the @entity1 at risk for secondary @entity101 can be used to define the small percentage of @entity1 with @entity101 who require more extensive diagnostic testing and management of their condition. Exposure to certain medicines, foods or drugs may cause reversible rises in blood pressure. Renovascular and @entity550 cause curable forms of @entity101 . IN MANY CASES, THE @entity1 'S HISTORY: Examination and simple tests can detect such exposures and disorders. Checking for secondary @entity101 is therefore an early step required for the management of all @entity1 with @entity101 , provided it is based on clinical signs and inexpensive tests. This primary screening cannot exclude the possibility of @entity455 in a small number of asymptomatic @entity1 . The risk of missing a diagnosis is acceptable provided that blood pressure is normalized by non-specific antihypertensive treatment. However, more extensive etiologic investigation is required in @entity1 who subsequently develop resistant @entity101 . This secondary screening requires imaging and biochemical tests that are not required for primary screening. CORRECTION OF THE CAUSES: Of secondary forms of @entity101 may restore blood pressure to normal. The @entity1 's age affects the reversibility of renovascular and @entity101 after etiologic treatment: the younger the @entity1 , the higher the probability of blood pressure normalization.

title: [Arterial XXXX secondary to curable causes in adults].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular or adrenal disease']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal hypertension', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extremely young @entity1 aged  <=6 years old represent a unique population among @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 in terms of glycemic variation, @entity6 management and complications. OBJECTIVE: We describe distinct features of @entity6 care and outcomes in preschool age @entity1 . METHODS: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and authors' bibliographies in order to extract articles specific to type 1 @entity6 in preschool age @entity1 . FINDINGS: The preschool age group is beset by many challenges to @entity6 care, including more frequent hypo- and @entity4854 , @entity4053 unawareness, decreased residual beta cell function, and greater long-term neurocognitive effects from severe @entity4053 and @entity4854 . Randomized controlled trials show that equally good metabolic control can be obtained with multiple daily injections or an insulin pump. Several non-randomized trials, including an 8 year longitudinal study, show lower hemoglobin @entity3916 and decreased @entity4053 on insulin pumps. Sensor augmented pump therapy resulted in superior @entity3916 as long as sensors were used regularly. In contrast to adults, continuous @entity413 monitoring has little to no impact on @entity3916 , although parents appreciate the improved monitoring for @entity4053 . @entity1 with onset of @entity6 prior to age 5 are at risk for younger onset of microalbuminuria, however do not develop earlier onset @entity989 than @entity1 diagnosed after 5 years. Both severe @entity4053 and @entity4854 have negative impact on neurocognition. CONCLUSION: Special knowledge about this young population is helpful for practitioners and parents.

title: Unique Challenges of Type 1 XXXX in the Preschool Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'chronic hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: A real-time reverse transcription-PCR system has been used to monitor the expression of an @entity11189 biosynthetic gene of @entity11792 in @entity3505 . Therefore, total RNA was isolated from infected @entity3505 samples, reverse transcribed and subjected to real-time PCR. In parallel all samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for @entity4078 production. The primer-probe system of the real-time PCR was targeted against nor-1, a gene of the @entity11189 biosynthetic pathway. By application of this method the nor-1 transcription was quantified during the course of incubation. After 4 days of incubation nor-1 mRNA could be detected for the first time. The amount of nor-1 mRNA increased rapidly, and the maximum was achieved after 6 days. Then, starting very slowly, the mRNA was degraded until day 8, and this was followed by a very fast degradation, reaching nondetectable levels at days 9 and 10. First traces of @entity4078 could be detected between the 5th and 6th day of incubation. The @entity11189 concentration reached its maximum after 9 days of incubation and remained constant for the whole period of observation. To ensure that differences in the nor-1 mRNA concentration were due to different expression levels, the expression of the constitutively expressed beta-tubulin gene (benA56) has also been monitored. The expression of benA56 remained constant during the whole incubation time. As a parameter for fungal growth, the number of nor-1 gene copies was determined during the course of incubation. The numbers of nor-1 gene copies increased at the beginning of the incubation and reached a plateau at day 5. They correlate well with the viable counts albeit at a higher level.

title: Monitoring the production of XXXX in @entity3505 by measuring the concentration of nor-1 mRNA.

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin']

answer: @entity4078 :: (MESH:D016604,Chemical) :: ['aflatoxin B1']