abstract: Murine monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity16806 have been elicited using a @entity1573 heart muscle residue as antigen. The three antibodies T1, T3, and T4 recognize both bands of the @entity16806 doublet in immunoblot analysis on polypeptides from @entity1573 breast muscle. In contrast, on @entity1573 cardiac myofibrils two of the antibodies (T1, T4) react only with the upper band of the doublet indicating immunological differences between @entity2057 @entity16806 . This difference is even more pronounced for @entity35 and @entity19 . Although all three antibodies react with skeletal muscle @entity16806 , T1 and T4 did not detect heart @entity16806 , whereas T3 reacts with this @entity16806 both in immunofluorescence microscopy and in immunoblots. Immunofluorescence microscopy of myofibrils and frozen tissues from a variety of vertebrates extends these results and shows that the three antibodies recognize different epitopes. All three @entity16806 antibodies decorate at the A-I junction of the myofibrils freshly prepared from @entity1573 skeletal muscle and immunoelectron microscopy using native myosin filaments demonstrates that @entity16806 is present at the ends of the thick filaments. In @entity1573 heart, however, antibodies T1 and T4 stain within the I-band rather than at the A-I junction. The three antibodies did not react with any of the nonmuscle tissues or permanent cell lines tested and do not decorate smooth muscle. In primary cultures of embryonic @entity1573 skeletal muscle cells @entity16806 first appears as longitudinal striations in mononucleated myoblasts and later at the myofibrillar A-I junction of the myotubes.

title: Monoclonal antibodies distinguish titins from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['heart and skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['heart and skeletal muscle']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity23695 (LDX) is a prodrug stimulant approved for the treatment of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in adults and @entity1 6-12 years of age. Parent surveys provide valuable information regarding the impact of @entity71 treatments. METHODS: Parents of @entity1 with @entity71 beginning treatment with LDX voluntarily completed surveys through an automated telephone system or the Internet before and 6 weeks after LDX treatment initiation. Prescribing physicians received individual reports of the responses for each survey completed by their @entity1 ' parents. All @entity1 whose parents completed both baseline and 6 week surveys were included in the analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted for those previously treated with medications to treat @entity71 , including mixed @entity4944 salts-extended release. RESULTS: LDX treatment was associated with a significant decrease in @entity71 symptom interference with school activities, family interactions, homework, and social interactions (P<.01; N=11,576). Parents rated satisfaction with LDX as significantly higher than with their @entity1 's previous treatment (P<.01). On average, global improvement, tolerability, convenience, and satisfaction with LDX were all highly rated. CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated with LDX showed significant symptom improvement and parents reported significantly greater satisfaction than with prior treatment.

title: Assessing effects of treatment with XXXX for pediatric @entity71 using a parental survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity23695 :: ('MESH:C514020', 'Chemical') :: ['Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

answer: @entity23695 :: (MESH:C514020,Chemical) :: ['lisdexamfetamine dimesylate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Antiendothelial cell antibodies (aECA) have been demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), but their role in the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. We investigated the association of aECA and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) with clinical and laboratory findings in @entity1 with active @entity1252 . METHODS: Sera from 28 @entity1 with active @entity1252 and 22 healthy controls were assayed for IgG and IgM-aECA by cellular ELISA method using cultured @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells and IgG-aCL by ELISA method. RESULTS: Serum titers of both IgG and IgM-aECA were significantly higher in active @entity1252 than in healthy controls. Titers of IgG-aECA were unrelated to titers of IgG-aCL. @entity1 with @entity120 demonstrated a marked elevation of serum titer of both IgG and IgM-aECA compared with @entity1 without @entity120 . In addition, @entity1 with @entity1333 showed a significant elevation of serum titer of both IgG and IgM-aECA compared with @entity1 without @entity1333 . Serum titers of IgG-aECA in @entity1 with @entity2407 and of IgM-aECA in @entity1 with @entity11534 were each significantly increased compared with @entity1 without such findings. CONCLUSION: aECA were unrelated to aCL. Serum titers of aECA are elevated in @entity1 with active @entity1252 , especially with @entity120 , @entity1333 , @entity2407 or @entity11534 . Since @entity120 in @entity1252 has been associated with @entity1333 , @entity2407 and @entity11534 , aECA may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1317 , leading to these manifestations.

title: Antiendothelial cell antibodies and their relation to @entity120 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['digital vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the @entity15789 polymorphism in the @entity4723 gene, encoding for mitochondrial manganese @entity224 dismutase (SOD), is associated with [1] @entity249 and [2] the pregnancy rate (PR) in IVF cycles. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. SETTING: Public university and public university hospital. @entity1 (S): A total of 362 newborns (nonselected population) and 148 @entity249 @entity1 undergoing an IVF cycle, from which 44 became pregnant and 104 did not. INTERVENTION(S): Blood samples extracted from the @entity1 and newborn umbilical cord. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Genotype and allele distribution of the @entity15789 polymorphism in the @entity4723 gene using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULT(S): The polymorphism distribution of the subfertile @entity1 was similar to that of a nonselected population. The @entity4723 Ala allele frequency was 49% both in controls and IVF @entity1 . In IVF population the Ala/Ala @entity4723 genotype was 25%, with a 28% @entity2596 /Val homozygous. In contrast, the Ala/Ala genotype was associated with higher PRs in IVF (47% in Ala/Ala vs. 23% in no Ala/Ala). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the Ala/Ala genotype was an independent predictor of pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] = 3.29), followed by the number of transferred embryos (OR = 2.37) and age (OR = 0.84). CONCLUSION(S): The Ala/Ala @entity4723 genotype is a significant independent predictor of the occurrence of pregnancy in IVF. Data also support a role for antioxidant defense, particularly in the mitochondria, in conception in IVF.

title: Ala16Val XXXX polymorphism is associated with higher pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization cycles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity15789 :: ('p|SUB|A|16|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala16Val']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity4723 :: (6648,Gene) :: ['SOD2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In metazoans, the hematopoietic system plays a key role both in normal development and in defense of the organism. In @entity238 , the cellular immune response involves three types of blood cells: plasmatocytes, crystal cells and lamellocytes. This last cell type is barely present in healthy larvae, but its production is strongly induced upon wasp parasitization or in mutant contexts affecting larval blood cell homeostasis. Notably, several zygotic mutations leading to melanotic mass (or " @entity5 ") formation in larvae have been associated to the deregulated differentiation of lamellocytes. To gain further insights into the gene regulatory network and the mechanisms controlling larval blood cell homeostasis, we conducted a tissue-specific loss of function screen using hemocyte-specific Gal4 drivers and UAS-dsRNA transgenic lines. RESULTS: By targeting around 10% of the @entity238 genes, this in vivo RNA interference screen allowed us to recover 59 @entity5 suppressor genes. In line with previous studies, we show that @entity5 formation is associated with the precocious differentiation of stem-cell like blood progenitors in the larval hematopoietic organ (the lymph gland) and the spurious differentiation of lamellocytes. We also find that @entity5 formation can be elicited by defects either in the fat body, the embryo-derived hemocytes or the lymph gland. In addition, we provide a definitive confirmation that lymph gland is not the only source of lamellocytes as embryo-derived plasmatocytes can differentiate into lamellocytes either upon wasp infection or upon loss of function of the Friend of @entity23402 cofactor U-shaped. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we identify 55 genes whose function had not been linked to blood cell development or function before in @entity238 . Moreover our analyses reveal an unanticipated plasticity of embryo-derived plasmatocytes, thereby shedding new light on blood cell lineage relationship, and pinpoint the Friend of @entity23402 transcription cofactor U-shaped as a key regulator of the plasmatocyte to lamellocyte transformation.

title: An in vivo RNA interference screen identifies gene networks controlling XXXX blood cell homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'melanotic tumor']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 involving the pleura have a poor prognosis. In some cases the main symptoms and the cause of @entity204 are due to local spread, whereas @entity3 , if at all, develop late. The preferred treatment of these @entity5 is not clear. GOALS: To evaluate whether regional therapy that includes resection, local chemotherapy and @entity221 is feasible, safe and effective for @entity5 with @entity456 . MATERIAL _ METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 undergoing surgery and hyperthermic pleural perfusion were studied retrospectively. The majority had @entity2615 , or thymic @entity5 with @entity456 . Twenty-five @entity1 received previous treatment. The extent of resection was dictated by @entity5 type and @entity1 condition. Perfusion was performed with a roller pump and heat exchanger plus @entity900 in a dose of 60-200 mg. RESULTS: Intrapleural temperature exceeded 40 degrees C in all @entity1 . There were no hemodynamic, or respiratory problems related to perfusion. There was neither intraoperative mortality nor hematologic, renal or systemic @entity137 . Three @entity1 died (7% mortality) and 14 had complications. The overall 1, 2, 3, and 5-year survival rates ware 78%, 72%, 50% and 36% respectively. The best survival was for @entity704 @entity1 --70% after 3 and 5 years, and the worst for @entity3 --31% 3-year survival. Among 39 @entity1 followed-up for more than 1 year (24 alive, 15 dead), 28 (72%) were free of ipsilateral pleuro-pulmonary recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery and hyperthermic pleural perfusion is feasible and relatively safe. This method offers a good chance of complete midterm local eradication of @entity5 with @entity456 . A survival benefit over other modalities is suggested in @entity1 with @entity704 . Other drugs, alone or in combinations, should be studied.

title: [Surgery and hyperthermic pleural perfusion--a new approach for XXXX with @entity456 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies', 'Malignant neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural spread']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 ( @entity281 ) after ventral incisional @entity547 repair (VIH) can result in serious consequences. We sought to identify @entity1 , procedure, and/or @entity547 characteristics that are associated with @entity281 in VIH. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2006, @entity1 were randomized in four Veteran Affairs (VA) hospitals to undergo laparoscopic or open VIH. @entity1 who developed @entity281 within eight weeks postoperatively were compared to those who did not. A bivariate analysis for each factor and a multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to determine factors associated with @entity281 . The variables studied included @entity1 characteristics and co-morbidities (e.g., age, gender, race, ethnicity, body mass index, ASA classification, @entity6 , @entity134 use), @entity547 characteristics (e.g., size, duration, number of previous incisions), procedure characteristics (e.g., open versus laparoscopic, @entity190 , use of postoperative drains, operating room temperature) and surgeons' experience (resident training level, number of open VIH previously performed by the attending surgeon). Antibiotic prophylaxis, anticoagulation protocols, preparation of the skin, draping of the wound, body temperature control, and closure of the surgical site were all standardized and monitored throughout the study period. RESULTS: Out of 145 @entity1 who underwent VIH, 21 developed a @entity281 (14.5%). @entity1 who underwent open VIH had significantly more SSIs than those who underwent laparoscopic VIH (22.1% versus 3.4%; P = 0.002). Among @entity1 who underwent open VIH, those who developed @entity281 had a recorded intraoperative @entity190 greater than 25 mL (68.4% versus 40.3%; P = 0.030), were more likely to have a drain placed (79.0% versus 49.3%; P = 0.021) and were more likey to be operated on by surgeons with less than 75 open VIH case experience (52.6% versus 28.4%; P = 0.048). @entity1 and @entity547 characteristics were similar between the two groups. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the open surgical technique was associated with @entity281 (OR 8.03, 95% CI 2.03, 31.72; P = 0.003) while controlling for the VA medical center where the procedure was performed (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Open surgical technique and the medical center rather than @entity1 co-morbidities or @entity547 characteristics are associated with the formation of postoperative @entity281 in VIH.

title: Predictors of XXXX in laparoscopic and open ventral incisional herniorrhaphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical site infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15438 and @entity15572 are topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) indicated for @entity1 with @entity726 and @entity2790 . SCOPE: An evidence-based review of clinical trials of @entity15438 and @entity15572 was undertaken to determine an effect of these medications on visual function (primarily visual field) in @entity1538 and @entity2790 . Using the keywords ' @entity15438 ' and ' @entity15572 ', all articles describing trials of these medications reporting on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and visual field from September 1966 to July 2009 were found in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. No information from other sources was included in this review. FINDINGS: A relatively modest number of trials was identified, where impact of therapy on one or more of the visual function modes was reported. In the studies of less than 1 year duration (3 days to 1 year, 23 studies) in all but three studies treatment with topical CAIs did not influence visual function, in two studies with @entity15438 some improvement in the contrast sensitivity was observed and in one open-label retrospective no-control-group study with @entity15438 visual field indices improved significantly. A different picture was seen in long-term studies, which were designed and powered to detect changes in visual field. One large study ( @entity726 Prevention Study) with @entity15438 versus placebo failed to detect significant protective effect of the drug on @entity726 occurrence in ocular @entity101 . Several interesting aspects of this study are discussed in detail. The other two long-term studies reported on the superiority of adding @entity15438 over @entity6839 therapy alone, and the superiority of the combination of @entity15438 and @entity6839 over @entity15572 and @entity6839 in terms of improving ocular blood flow (retrobulbar Color Doppler Imaging--CDI parameters) as well as in terms of visual field preservation in @entity726 @entity1 over 4 to 5 years. CONCLUSION: For the first time one study could demonstrate that an improvement in ocular blood flow in the long run results in preservation of visual field in @entity726 @entity1 . @entity15438 , combined with the beta-blocker @entity6839 , seems to be superior in this regard to @entity15572 plus @entity6839 .

title: Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and visual function in XXXX and @entity2790 .

entities_list: @entity15572 :: ('MESH:C111827', 'Chemical') :: ['brinzolamide']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide', 'Dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'European Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: We have recently reported favorable responses to a combination treatment comprising @entity4444 , a @entity3840 inhibitor and a renin-angiotensin-system inhibitor in metastatic @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). In view of the potential synergistic effects of these three agents and interferon-a (I-CCA therapy), we conducted a phase-II trial to examine the efficacy and @entity137 of I-CCA as first-line treatment. Fifty-one @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 received natural interferon-a (3-6 million U thrice/week) and @entity4444 (800 mg), @entity3840 inhibitor @entity9213 (10 mg), and renin-angiotensin-system inhibitor @entity1564 (4 mg) or @entity4687 (4 mg) orally daily. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center prognostic categories were favorable, intermediate and poor in 10 (20%), 31 (61%) and 10 (20%) @entity1 , respectively. The primary end-point was the objective response rate (ORR) and the secondary end-points included clinical benefit, progression-free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and safety. Median follow-up was 19 months. Complete response (CR) was observed in four @entity1 (8%) and partial response in seven (14%), yielding an ORR of 22%. None of the four @entity1 who achieved CR relapsed during the 16- to 81-month follow up. The ORR were 17% in the favorable- or intermediate-risk group and 40% in the poor-risk group. The other 24 @entity1 (45%) had stable disease for at least 6 months, resulting in a clinical benefit rate of 67%. The median PFS and @entity1349 were 12 and 30 months, respectively. Grade 3/4 @entity137 were never observed. The I-CCA therapy, providing favorable responses and low @entity137 profiles, is worthy of further consideration as a first-line therapy for metastatic @entity1358 .

title: Phase-II trial of combination treatment of interferon-a, @entity4444 , @entity3840 inhibitor and renin-angiotensin-system inhibitor (I-CCA therapy) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been used to treat @entity1 with @entity1353 . We identified changes in arterial blood gas (ABG) of @entity1 visiting the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with hypercapnic and nonhypercapnic @entity1576 after use of an HFNC. METHODS: This study was a retrospective chart review of @entity1 with @entity1576 who visited the hospital and used an HFNC in the @entity341 . The study period was July 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013. @entity1 with Paco2 greater than 45 mm Hg before the HFNC ABG analyses were included in the @entity2944 group; others comprised the nonhypercapnia group. Primary outcomes were the changes in ABG before and after use of an HFNC in the @entity2944 and nonhypercapnia groups. Progression to noninvasive or invasive ventilation and mortality rates were also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 173 @entity1 were included after exclusion of 92 according to exclusion criteria. Eighty-one @entity1 ( @entity2944 group, 46, and nonhypercapnia group, 35) were included. Paco2 significantly decreased among all @entity1 after use of HFNC (from 54.7    26.4 mm Hg to 51.3    25.8 mm Hg; P = .02), but the reduction was significant only in the @entity2944 group (from 73.2    20.0 to 67.2    23.4; P = .02). Progression to noninvasive or invasive ventilation and mortality rates were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Use of an HFNC in @entity1 with @entity2944 could show a significant trend of decrease in Paco2. Progression to noninvasive or invasive ventilation and mortality rates were similar in @entity1 with and without @entity2944 .

title: Changes in arterial blood gases after use of high-flow nasal cannula therapy in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: Improvements in treatment for acute burn @entity4 have stalled in comparison with other areas of burn care. Designing acute @entity4 treatment studies in @entity1 is hindered by the lack of objective, sensitive methods of measurement in the burn population. Bioimpedence spectroscopy (BIS) is a noninvasive method of measuring fluid volumes in the body. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and sensitivity of BIS in the measurement of acute @entity4 shifts in burn survivors, including assessment across different wound conditions. BIS measurements were collected in triplicate from 21 burn @entity1 in total. Phase I (n = 13) examined BIS under three different dressing conditions. Phase II (n = 8) considered only @entity1 with dressings intact. Sensitivity (minimum detectable difference [MDD]) was examined with total body water, extracellular fluid (ECF), and intracellular fluid volume measurements. BIS demonstrated excellent reliability across all dressings conditions, including when @entity130 were present (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.975-1.00, 95% confidence intervals = 0.938-1.00). Clinically useful levels of sensitivity, or MDD, were calculated. BIS MDD for total body water ( @entity130 ) = 360 ml, ECF ( @entity130 ) = < or = 10 ml, ECF (new dressings) = 540 ml, and intracellular fluid ( @entity130 ) = 310 ml. BIS analysis is clinically applicable for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of whole-body fluid shifts in acute burn survivors with < or = 30% TBSA.

title: Measurement of acute @entity4 shifts in XXXX burn survivors--the reliability and sensitivity of bioimpedence spectroscopy as an objective clinical measure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['open wounds']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In response to the established notion that improvement of language functions in chronic @entity2026 only can be achieved through long-term treatment, we examined the efficacy of a short-term, intensive language training, @entity34 ( @entity34 ). This program is founded on the learning principles of prevention of compensatory communication (constraint), massed practice, and shaping (induced). METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with chronic @entity2026 received 30 hours of training over 10 days. Twelve @entity1 were trained with the @entity34 program. For 15 @entity1 the training included a module of written language and an additional training in everyday communication, which involved the assistance of family members (CIATplus). Outcome measures included standardized neurolinguistic testing and ratings of the quality and the amount of daily communication. RESULTS: Language functions improved significantly after training for both groups and remained stable over a 6-month follow-up period. Single case analyses revealed statistically significant improvements in 85% of the @entity1 . @entity1 and relatives of both groups rated the quality and amount of communication as improved after therapy. This increase was more pronounced for @entity1 of the group CIATplus in the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm that a short-term intense language training, based on learning principles, can lead to substantial and lasting improvements in language functions in chronic @entity2026 . The use of family and friends in the training provides an additional valuable element. This effective intervention can be successfully used in the rehabilitation of chronic @entity2026 @entity1 . Additionally, its short-term design makes it economically attractive for service providers.

title: Long-term stability of improved language functions in chronic XXXX after @entity34 .

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['CIAT', 'constraint-induced aphasia therapy']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: An adequate effector response against pathogens and its subsequent inactivation after pathogen clearance are critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. This process involves an initial phase of T-cell effector (Teff) activation followed by the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), a unique cell population that limits Teff functions. However, significant questions remain unanswered about the mechanisms that regulate the balance between these cell populations. Using an in vitro system to mimic T-cell activation in @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we analysed the patterns of Treg and Teff activation, with special attention to the role of type I interferon (IFN-I). Interestingly, we found that @entity3027 , either exogenously added or endogenously induced, suppressed the generation of @entity404 (+) @entity403 (HI ) @entity379 (Neg) activated Tregs (aTregs) while simultaneously promoting propagation of @entity404 (+) @entity403 (Low/Neg ) @entity379 (Pos) activated Teffs (aTeffs). We also showed that @entity3027 -mediated inhibition of @entity1199 production may play an essential role in @entity3027 -induced suppression of aTregs. In order to test our findings in a disease state with chronically elevated @entity3027 , we investigated @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Plasma from @entity1 with @entity1252 was found to contain IFN-I activity that suppressed aTreg generation. Furthermore, anti-CD3 activated @entity1252 PBMCs exhibited preferential expansion of aTeffs with a very limited increase in aTreg numbers. Together, these observations support a model whereby a transient production of @entity3027 (such as is seen in an early antiviral response) may promote @entity404 effector functions by delaying aTreg generation, but a chronic elevation of @entity3027 may tip the aTeff:aTreg balance towards aTeffs and @entity792 .

title: Interferon-alpha regulates the dynamic balance between XXXX activated regulatory and effector T cells: implications for antiviral and autoimmune responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Ruacetyltransferase 2 ( @entity6867 ) is one of key enzymes of the second phase of biotransformation that metabolize genotoxic compounds such as carcinogens and mutagens in different types of cells. There is a correlation between the decreasing activity of @entity6867 gene product and the sensitivity to harmful environmental factors that increase the risk of occurrence of different @entity66 , including dermatological ones like @entity1569 . We developed the @entity6867 -biochip for 17 SNPs. The biochip was been tested on 279 clinical DNA samples from 180 @entity1 with @entity1569 and 99 healthy individuals, residents of Moscow. We found only six SNPs that were significant for European populations ( @entity20211 , @entity6868 , @entity6869 , @entity6870 , @entity20212 and @entity6871 ). The analysis in @entity1569 group did not show any genotype association. The increase in frequency of a slow acetylation phenotype in group of @entity1 with @entity1569 and in group of @entity1 with normosthenic constitution, in comparison with control group (OR = 1.76,p = 0.177 and OR = 2.07,p = 0.050, respectively) has been revealed. The results for @entity1 smoking one or more pack of cigarettes per day, and daily @entity167 drinking in comparison with the control showed an increase in frequency for the genotype 341C/C, 481T/T, 803G/G (OR = 7.42, p = 0.008 and OR = 106.11, p = 0.003, respectively). We also found an increase of frequency of genotype 341T/T, 481C/C, 590A/-, 803A/A in @entity1 with side reactions to medical products comparing with group of healthy donors (OR = 2.05, p = 0.099). Thus, the present data show that the certain @entity6867 genotypes and some styles of life can be considered as risk factors of @entity1569 development in this muscovite population.

title: [Association of XXXX polymorphism with risks to develop @entity1569 and various @entity66 in Moscow population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'type II psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial diseases']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity6867 :: (10,Gene) :: ['NAT2']


abstract: The @entity10043 analogs @entity9392 and @entity8778 are effective treatments for @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ). However, alternative treatments are needed for @entity1 with recurrent disease. We reviewed retrospectively data from 18 @entity1 who were retreated with either @entity9392 (n=12) or @entity8778 (n=6) in combination with rituximab, after 1-6 (median 2) previous treatments with either @entity10043 analog as a single agent. All 18 @entity1 responded to therapy, with a complete response (CR) rate of 89%. This compared favorably with CR rates of 68% after second-line therapy and 47% after third-line therapy in 88 @entity1 retreated one or more times with a @entity10043 analog alone. @entity137 with the combination treatment was minimal. At a median follow-up of 36 months (range 5-83 months) all 16 complete responders remained in CR, while one partial responder developed recurrent disease at 10 months. The estimated recurrence rate at 3 years was 7%. This compares with 21% after second-line therapy and 42% after third-line therapy in the 88 @entity1 retreated with a @entity10043 analog alone. Furthermore, it was a marked improvement on the 55% recurrence at 3 years previously seen in these same 18 @entity1 after their own first-line treatment with single-agent @entity9392 or @entity8778 (p=0.006). The combination of a @entity10043 analog with rituximab was safe and effective for @entity1 with recurrent @entity5734 . The results suggest an added benefit compared with single-agent @entity10043 analog therapy.

title: Rituximab with XXXX or @entity8778 : an effective combination treatment for @entity5734 after disease recurrence.

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['cladribine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['HCL', 'hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9392 :: ('MESH:D015649', 'Chemical') :: ['pentostatin']

answer: @entity9392 :: (MESH:D015649,Chemical) :: ['pentostatin']


abstract: Little is known about the rate of progression of @entity409 in subjects with @entity304 . Being a heterozygous parkin gene carrier may confer susceptibility to @entity191 ( @entity191 ). In a previous @entity8984 -dopa PET study, we reported that 69% of carriers of a single parkin mutation showed subclinical loss of putamen dopaminergic function. Using serial @entity8984 -dopa PET, the present longitudinal study addresses rates of progression of @entity409 in both compound heterozygous ( @entity304 ) and single heterozygous parkin gene carriers. Three symptomatic @entity1 who were compound heterozygotes for parkin gene mutations and six asymptomatic heterozygous carriers were clinically assessed and had @entity8984 -dopa PET at baseline and again after 5 years. The @entity1 with symptomatic parkin showed a mean 0.5% annual reduction in putamen @entity8984 -dopa uptake over 5 years while caudate @entity8984 -dopa uptake declined by a mean annual rate of 2 %. The asymptomatic heterozygote gene carriers showed a mean 0.56% annual reduction in putamen and 0.62 % annual reduction in caudate @entity8984 -dopa uptake. Neurological examination at both baseline and follow-up showed no evidence of @entity304 . @entity409 in @entity304 occurs at a very slow rate compared to the 9-12% annual loss of putamen @entity8984 -dopa uptake reported for idiopathic @entity191 . Although subclinical reductions of striatal @entity8984 -dopa uptake are common in carriers of a single parkin mutation their slow rate of progression suggests that few if any of these will develop clinical @entity304 .

title: XXXX in homozygous and heterozygous parkin gene carriers: an 18F-dopa PET progression study.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkin-linked parkinsonism', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of nigrostriatal dysfunction', 'nigrostriatal dysfunction', 'striatal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Nigrostriatal dysfunction']


abstract:
Background. The authors present the results of operative treatment in 71 @entity1 with @entity174 and @entity174 resulting from neoplastic metastases.
 Materials and methods. The discussed group of @entity1 consists of 43 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 aged 36 to 80 years, the follow-up period is 6 to 48 months. After resection the metastatic focus was filled with cement supplemented with 2g @entity1499 and stabilised with AO plate or a hip endoprosthesis was set up.
 Results. In 37 operated @entity1 the @entity158 subsided completely or markedly eased, 13 @entity1 periodically required non-narcotic analgesics, and in 19 the @entity158 did not subside.
 The treatment applied allowed all the @entity1 with @entity174 within the lower extremities to abandon the bed and to move with the aid of crutches., and in 17 with @entity174 of the humerus it enabled the performance of daily living and self-care activities. Within the discussed group 9 @entity1 with multiple metastases to the lungs and to the vertebral column died after average of 12 months. The longest survival period was observed in @entity1 with metastases of @entity703 - average of 42 months, @entity0 - 29 months. No postoperative complications were observed; in 2 @entity1 after 8 and 10 weeks destabilisation of the fixation intervened as a result of intensive weight-bearing without the aid of crutches.
 Conclusions. Filling the metastatic bone defect with @entity1499 supplemented cement and stable fixation of a pathological @entity174 or an impending @entity174 enables movement, performance of daily living activities, eases or clears @entity158 completely, improves the comfort of life, facilitates @entity1 care and it may be an element of complex treatment of pathological and impending @entity174 in the course of @entity5 .

title: Fixation of @entity174 and @entity174 in the course of XXXX with the use of polymethylmethacrylate with added @entity1499 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer - 37 months and ovary cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'impending long bone fractures', 'fracture', 'pathological fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic disease']


abstract: We investigated why @entity9240 ( @entity9240 ) adenovirus immunization induces @entity1378 more commonly in BALB/c than in C57BL/6 @entity19 . Recent modifications of the adenovirus model suggested that using adenovirus expressing the @entity9240 A subunit (A-subunit-Ad), rather than the full-length @entity9240 , and injecting fewer viral particles would increase the frequency of @entity1378 in C57BL/6 @entity19 . This hypothesis was not fulfilled; 65% of BALB/c but only 5% of C57BL/6 @entity19 developed @entity1378 . TSH binding inhibitory antibody titers were similar in each strain. Functional @entity9240 antibody measurements provided a better indication for this strain difference. Whereas thyroid-stimulating antibody activity was higher in C57BL/6 than BALB/c @entity19 , TSH blocking antibody activity was more potent in hyperthyroid-resistant C57BL/6 @entity19 . F(1) hybrids (BALB/c x C57BL/6) responded to A-subunit-Ad immunization with @entity1378 and @entity9240 antibody profiles similar to those of the hyperthyroid-susceptible parental BALB/c strain. In contrast, ELISA of @entity9240 antibodies revealed that the IgG subclass distribution in the F(1) @entity19 resembled the disease-resistant C57BL/6 parental strain. Because the IgG subclass distribution is dependent on the T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine balance, this paradigm can likely be excluded as an explanation for susceptibility to @entity1378 . In summary, our data for BALB/c, C57BL/6, and F(1) strains suggest that BALB/c @entity19 carry a dominant gene(s) for susceptibility to induction of a thyroid-stimulating antibody/TSH blocking antibody balance that results in @entity1378 . Study of this genetic influence will provide useful information on potential candidate genes in @entity1 @entity2743 .

title: Susceptibility rather than resistance to @entity1378 is dominant in a thyrotropin receptor adenovirus-induced animal model of XXXX as revealed by BALB/c-C57BL/6 hybrid @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications are frequent with @entity3084 , and their long-term survivorship in the distal femur is unclear. Thus, the @entity3084 allografting remain controversial. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore determined the frequency of complications in @entity3084 of the distal femur relative to their potential long-term survival. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 26 @entity1 who had osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of the distal femur after resection of a malignant or aggressive @entity3478 . The minimum followup was 15 months (average, 156 months; range, 15-283 months) for all @entity1 and 98 months (average, 191 months; range, 98-283 months) for the surviving @entity1 . RESULTS: At last followup, 16 of the 26 original allografts were still in place. The overall 5-year and 10-year allograft survival rates were 69% and 63%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates of the joint surface were 79% and 65%, respectively. Eleven @entity1 retained their original osteoarticular allograft without a resurfacing procedure, and nine had been converted to allograft-prosthetic composites. Five @entity1 were converted to megaprostheses and one had an amputation for local recurrence. At last followup, 25 of 26 @entity1 retained a functional limb. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoarticular allograft reconstructions of the distal femur can provide long term survival and restore function but the risk of complications and their physical and monetary costs for @entity1 are not trivial. Lacking the benefit of improved soft tissue attachments inherent in other anatomic sites, we believe this option is most appropriate for restoring bone stock in young @entity1 with expectations of long-term survival.

title: Distal femoral XXXX : long-term survival, but frequent complications.

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['benefits of osteoarticular', 'osteoarticular allografts']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor of bone']

answer: @entity3084 :: (MESH:D014394,Disease) :: ['osteoarticular allografts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microarray gene expression profiling has indicated that complex molecular gene expression signatures might be predictive of outcome after systemic treatment for early @entity0 . Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) with its assessment of pathologic complete response (pCR), so far the best surrogate parameter for cure, provides a unique opportunity to rapidly identify such molecular predictors. @entity1 AND METHODS: Currently, an international, randomized phase II study of 2 sequential regimens as NST is being conducted in @entity1 with primary @entity0 T2-4a-c N0-2 M0. @entity1 receive 4 cycles of @entity632 /pemetrexed, followed by 4 cycles of @entity1205 (AP-Doc) or 4 cycles of @entity632 / @entity786 , followed by 4 cycles of @entity1205 (AC-Doc). @entity5 , tissue, blood, and serum are collected at baseline and, if available, after 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and at surgery. The clinical objectives are to assess pCR rate, @entity5 response, rate of histologically negative axillary lymph nodes, disease-free survival, and safety after NST with AP-Doc or AC-Doc. Translational research objectives include the identification of differentially expressed genes predictive for the achievement of pCR after either treatment regimen. RESULTS: As of January 2007, 178 of the 256 @entity1 planned for this study had been enrolled at 12 European centers. The recommendation after a planned interim safety and efficacy analysis was to continue with the trial as planned. CONCLUSION: We anticipate this study will provide a better understanding of the treatment options with pemetrexed in primary @entity0 and give insight into the practical robustness of the new marker sets in response prediction.

title: @entity632 /pemetrexed followed by @entity1205 versus @entity632 / @entity786 followed by XXXX as neoadjuvant treatment for @entity0 : a randomized phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: A 10 year retrospective analysis of the clinical features and survival of 24 Singapore @entity1 with @entity1252 was made. The female to male sex ratio was 11:1. The median age at diagnosis was 9.3 years (range: 3.5-17.6 years), and the median duration of follow-up was 3.6 years (range: 3 months-10 years). The common modes of presentation were prolonged @entity221 and @entity1910 (both 46%). Renal involvement (71%) was frequent. There were six deaths, three from @entity177 , two from infection, and one from @entity2401 . The overall survival at 5 years was 0.800 (s.e.m. = 0.090), and at 10 years 0.698 (s.e.m. = 0.103). The survival for @entity1988 was 0.727 at 5 years (s.e.m. = 0.116), and 0.586 at 10 years (s.e.m. = 0.130). Although the 5 year survival rate is comparable with other series, there were more deaths after the first 5 years, and morbidity from the disease as well as from therapy was considerable.

title: A 10 year review of @entity1252 in Singapore XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity601 ( @entity601 ) fields are frequently used in the treatment of locally advanced cervical @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose contribution from MBBs to @entity5 and organs at risk. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Six @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 (IIB-IIIB) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided brachytherapy were analyzed. A three-phase plan was modeled: 45 Gy (1.8 Gy per fraction) four-field box, 9 Gy (1.8 Gy per fraction) @entity601 (midline-shielded anteroposterior/posteroanterior fields), and intracavitary MRI-guided brachytherapy boost of 28 Gy (7 Gy per fraction). Midline shields 3, 4, and 5 cm wide were simulated for each @entity1 . Brachytherapy and @entity601 plans were volumetrically summed. The rectum, sigmoid, and bladder minimum dose in the most exposed 2 cm(3) of an organ at risk (D(2 cc)) and high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV) D90 and D100 were evaluated. The intended HR-CTV D90 was 85 Gy or greater, and the intended IR-CTV D90 was greater than 60 Gy. RESULTS: After a 4-cm @entity601 , HR-CTV D90 remained lower than 85 Gy in all cases (mean, 74 Gy; range, 64-82 Gy). High-risk clinical target volume (85 Gy) coverage increased slightly from 73% (range, 64-82%) to 78% (range, 69-88%). Mean IR-CTV D90 increased from 56 Gy (range, 53-64 Gy) to 62 Gy (range, 59-67 Gy). Intermediate-risk clinical target volume 60-Gy dose coverage increased from 81% (range, 72-96%) to 96% (range, 90-100%). The mean volume irradiated to 85 Gy increased by 14 cm(3) (range, 10-22 cm(3)), whereas the volume irradiated to 60 Gy increased from 276 cm(3) (range, 185-417 cm(3)) to 592 cm(3) (range, 385-807 cm(3)). Bladder, rectum, or sigmoid D(2 cc) increased by more than 50% of the boost dose in 4 of 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Midline-blocked boosts contribute substantial dose to rectum, sigmoid, and bladder D(2 cc). HR-CTV dose and 85-Gy coverage remain compromised in large @entity5 despite @entity601 . IR-CTV 60-Gy coverage improved at the expense of a considerable increase in volume of normal tissue irradiated to 60 Gy.

title: Parametrial boost using midline shielding results in an unpredictable dose to XXXX and organs at risk in combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Midline-blocked boost', 'MBB']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: During @entity295 vasoactive @entity1426 metabolites of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway and the endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor @entity18512 ( @entity18512 ) are released. The effects of cyclo-oxygenase pathway inhibition by @entity3522 on the endotoxin shock response and @entity18512 turnover, were investigated in five groups of @entity1707 . In the first group (n = 7; controls) endotoxin (15 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 i.v.) was infused for two hours. In a second endotoxin group (n = 7), the animals were pretreated with @entity3522 (3 mg.kg-1 i.v.). In a third group (n = 7), high-dose @entity18512 was infused (20 pmol.kg-1.min-1 i.v.) and in a fourth group (n = 7), the @entity18512 infusion was preceded by @entity3522 . In a fifth group (n = 4), a low and intermediate dose of @entity18512 (0.2 and 4 pmol.kg-1.min-1) was infused. A significant increase in @entity18512 -like immunoreactivity (LI) plasma levels was observed in both endotoxin groups, but in the @entity3522 group the increase was comparatively delayed. Furthermore, this group showed a more stable haemodynamic course and in the biphasic increase of pulmonary vascular resistance seen in endotoxin controls, the initial peak was abolished by @entity3522 . Exogenous @entity18512 infusion indicated that not only locally released but possibly also circulating @entity18512 could be a mediator of vascular responses to endotoxin. Indications of release from the lungs were seen during endotoxin infusion. @entity3522 had no effect on basal @entity18512 -LI plasma levels or on the disappearance rate from plasma of @entity18512 -LI and the haemodynamic changes seen on @entity18512 infusion. The inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase pathway by @entity3522 resulted in prevention of the @entity120 and a delayed increase in plasma @entity18512 -LI levels in porcine endotoxin shock and this latter effect is not due to an increased rate of disappearance from plasma but rather to a decreased release of @entity18512 .

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity3522 on the endotoxin shock response in relation to endothelin turnover in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['initial pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Surgery is the accepted form of treatment of @entity1653 ; the role of radiotherapy has not been clearly established. With this in mind, we have reviewed our experience with radiation therapy in the management of @entity1653 at New York University Medical Center. Sixty-eight @entity1 fell into three groups. Forty-three (Group A) underwent operation followed by radiation therapy, 14 @entity1 (Group B) had radiation for recurrence after operation, and 11 @entity1 (Group C) had radiation therapy as the primary treatment. In Group A, 41 of 43 are alive. During a follow-up of 1 to 10 years, only 2 have deteriorated. Five of 14 Group B @entity1 showed neurological improvement and 7 showed deterioration, including 5 who died of @entity5 . All 11 @entity1 in Group C are alive with follow-up periods of 3 to 6 years; 9 of these show improvement in neurological function. Eleven @entity1 had @entity5 , of whom 8 are alive and stable. We present 4 case reports, including computed tomographic scans that show evidence of @entity5 @entity39 after radiation therapy. Pathological verification of @entity5 @entity39 is presented in 1 case. We believe that radiation therapy has an established role in the treatment of incompletely excised, recurrent, or @entity5 and, in some cases, as the initial management of @entity1653 . Indications for treatment and guidelines are presented.

title: Role of radiation therapy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningiomas', 'tumor', 'malignant meningioma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to provide an overview of maxillofacial @entity130 and its relationship to @entity1 's demographic data and @entity285 consumption within the state of Sabah. It was a retrospective study of maxillofacial @entity130 cases treated by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, from January 1, 2009, until December 31, 2013. A total of 630 maxillofacial @entity130 cases were included. Details of the @entity130 were collected from @entity1 ' record, including @entity1 ' cause of @entity130 , @entity130 suffered, treatment indications, and treatment received. @entity1 ' demographic data (age, gender), @entity285 consumption in relation to causes, and type of @entity11253 were analyzed. There were 538 male (85.4%) and 92 female (14.6%) @entity1 (ratio: 5.8:1), with mean age of 31.0 years. Most common causes of @entity11253 were @entity64 ( @entity64 ; 66.3%), followed by fall (12.4%) and assault (11.6%). Motorcyclists made up more than half of the total cases (53.1%). Cases referred were primarily due to soft-tissue injury (458 cases). Other cases were @entity174 . Treatment provided for the @entity174 included @entity1538 and internal fixation (22.9%), closed reduction (28.7%), and conservative management (48.4%). Toilet and suturing were done for all @entity1 with soft-tissue injury. @entity130 is a major problem in Sabah. It affects mostly males in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Most of the @entity64 @entity1 were motorcyclists. @entity174 with parasymphysis involvement recorded the highest number. Most of the @entity1 preferred conservative management, probably due to financial and logistic issue.

title: An Overview of Maxillofacial @entity130 in Oral and Maxillofacial Tertiary XXXX Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['motor vehicle accident', 'MVA']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open reduction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'dentoalveolar and maxillofacial bone fractures', 'Mandibular fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Maxillofacial trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies point to central nervous system (CNS) alterations in euthyroid @entity1 with @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of antibodies (Abs) against CNS tissue and gangliosides in female @entity1 with @entity2621 compared to @entity1 with other non-autoimmune @entity1374 , comprising @entity4383 and thyroid surgery for goitre. METHODS: 58 @entity2621 @entity1 (mean age: 46+/-17 years) and 89 @entity1 with other @entity1374 (mean age: 51+/-15 years) were recruited consecutively from our endocrine outpatient clinic. Serum Abs against CNS tissue and gangliosides were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In a subgroup of 23 @entity2621 @entity1 , neurocognitive function was studied using established neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: In @entity2621 @entity1 , the prevalence of serum anti-ganglioside-Abs and anti-CNS-Abs were significantly higher compared to @entity1 with other @entity1374 (p<0.05 and p<0.005, respectively). In both cases, the number of Ab-positive @entity2621 @entity1 was twice that of Ab-positive controls. Reactivity of IgM-Abs to @entity7746 and IgG-Abs to CNS tissue was significantly higher in @entity2621 @entity1 than in controls (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). However, prevalence and reactivity of Abs to gangliosides and CNS tissue were associated neither with the prevalence of @entity308 nor with @entity73 in @entity2621 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Ab reactivity towards CNS tissue and gangliosides is markedly enhanced in @entity1 with @entity2621 as compared to @entity1 with other @entity1374 . Whether these Abs could be of prognostic value to evaluate the risk of future @entity149 has to be investigated in longitudinal studies.

title: Increased prevalence of antibodies to central nervous system tissue and gangliosides in XXXX compared to other @entity1374 .

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of neurocognitive function']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse or nodular goitre']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroiditis']


abstract: RATIONALE: Although occupational exposure to dust and fumes is considered a risk factor for @entity1030 , this determination has been limited by reliance on spirometry alone to assess disease severity in predominantly male populations. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of occupational exposure on lung function, @entity1576 , and findings of @entity2415 and airway wall thickness measured using quantitative computed tomography in @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: COPDGene is a multicenter study of current and former smokers that underwent standardized volumetric chest computed tomography scans to assess airways, % @entity2415 , and % gas trapping. Spirometry and a respiratory questionnaire including occupational history were also analyzed in 9,614 subjects (4,496 @entity1 ). Logistic regression and analysis of covariance was used to assess associations with exposure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Occupational exposure to both dust and fumes was reported by 47.9% of @entity1 and 20.1% of @entity1 . Adjusting for age, race, body mass index, education, and current and lifetime smoking, the odds ratios for @entity1 with dust and fume exposures for chronic cough, chronic phlegm, persistent wheeze, and Global Initiative for @entity1030 stages 2 and higher @entity1030 were significantly elevated and similar for @entity1 (1.83, 1.84, 2.0, 1.61, respectively) and @entity1 (1.65, 1.82, 1.98, 1.90, respectively). The % predicted FEV1 was similarly lower in those with exposure in @entity1 (70.7    0.8 vs. 76.0    0.9; P < 0.001) and @entity1 (70.5    0.8 vs. 77.2    0.8; P < 0.001). Percent @entity2415 and gas trapping was greater in those exposed to dust and fumes in @entity1 and @entity1 . In @entity1 , but not in @entity1 , @entity1 with exposure had a greater mean square root wall area of 10-mm internal perimeter airways. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to dust and fumes in @entity1 and @entity1 is similarly associated with @entity1030 , @entity1576 , more @entity2415 , and gas trapping in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Association between occupational exposure and lung function, XXXX , and high-resolution computed tomography imaging in COPDGene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'airflow obstruction']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']


abstract: @entity4481 ( @entity11974 ) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) approved for adjunctive therapy for partial @entity410 with and without generalized @entity410 and for the treatment of peripheral @entity9 in adults. @entity11974 does not bind to plasma proteins and is excreted predominantly unchanged by the kidneys. Previous studies indicated that @entity11974 shows no relevant interactions with other AEDs. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity11974 dose, @entity1 age, and comedication on the serum concentration of @entity11974 . In total, 198 samples of 167 (adult) inpatients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (eg, trough concentration, body weight available) were investigated. A @entity1 was considered twice only if the comedication had been changed. The @entity11974 serum concentration (mg/L) in relation to @entity11974 dose/body weight (mg/kg) per day (level-to-dose ratio, LDR, [(mg/L)/(mg/kg)=kg/L]) was calculated and compared for the most frequent drug combinations (n=97). Analysis of covariance (using age as covariate) carried out on the log-transformed data showed that comedication had a slight but significant (P = 0.02) effect on @entity11974 serum concentrations. The median LDR of @entity11974 was 0.29 for @entity11974 + @entity2051 (n=16), 0.31 for @entity11974 + @entity2049 (n=20), 0.35 for @entity11974 + @entity4677 (n=11), 0.35 for @entity11974 + @entity2812 (n=15), and 0.39 for @entity11974 + @entity1092 + @entity2812 (n=35). Regression analysis including all 198 samples indicated (in accordance with analysis of covariance) that @entity11974 concentrations were lower in combination with enzyme-inducing AEDs ( @entity3174 , @entity2049 , @entity2051 ) and were age-dependent (higher in older @entity1 ). The @entity11974 dose-concentration relationship was nearly linear (r=0.68, P<0.0001). However, @entity1 on the same @entity11974 dosage per body weight had rather different @entity11974 trough concentrations, which could be explained only in part by age and comedication. The increase of @entity11974 serum concentrations in older @entity1 is in accordance with expectations for drugs that are predominantly renally excreted. Unexpectedly and in contrast to other studies, our data indicate that comedication with enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (eg, @entity2049 ) can moderately decrease @entity11974 serum concentrations (about 20% to 30%). Further studies should clarify the effect of age and interactions on @entity11974 concentrations.

title: Serum concentrations of @entity4481 in XXXX with epilepsy: the influence of dose, age, and comedication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We had previously reported a reasonable categorization of the number of positive lymph nodes (LN: 0, 1-4, 5-8, and > 8) as a prognostic indicator. This study was an extension, to see which factors correlated with number of positive lymph nodes. METHODS: A total of 533 @entity1 with @entity356 , who underwent curative surgery between January 1988 and December 1995, were entered into this study. @entity1 were divided into four groups according to metastatic LN number (0, 1-4, 5-8, and > 8). Their survival and clinicopathological factors were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 16,457 LNs, with an average of 30.9 per specimen, were removed, of which 1686 (10.2%) showed @entity3 . The 5-yr cumulative survival rate decreased as the number of metastatic LNs increased, ie., 91.3% for LN 0; 67.4% for LN 1-4; 37.2 for LN 5-8, and 14.1% for LN > 8. Multivariate analyses showed that depth of @entity3 (odds ratio: 2.4), gross appearance (odds ratio: 1.9), size (odds ratio: 1.9), and location (odds ratio: 1.4) of @entity5 were four independent factors correlated with the number of metastatic LNs. Number of metastatic LNs increased with advanced Japanese nodal stage and UICC-TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS: Depth of @entity5 invasion, and gross appearance, size, and location of @entity5 were four pathological factors independently correlated with number of metastatic LNs in @entity356 .

title: Factors correlated with number of metastatic lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'cancer invasion']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: We have shown previously that mutations in the apico-basal cell polarity regulators cooperate with oncogenic Ras (Ras(ACT)) to promote tumorigenesis in @entity238 and @entity1 cells. To identify novel genes that cooperate with Ras(ACT) in tumorigenesis, we carried out a genome-wide screen for genes that when overexpressed throughout the developing @entity238 eye enhance Ras(ACT)-driven @entity1373 . Ras(ACT)-cooperating genes identified were @entity5180 @entity5181 , @entity5182 , pbl, rib, and east, which encode cell morphology regulators. In a clonal setting, which reveals genes conferring a competitive advantage over wild-type cells, only @entity5180 , an activated allele of @entity5181 ( @entity5181 (ACT)), @entity5182 , and pbl cooperated with Ras(ACT), resulting in reduced differentiation and large invasive @entity5 . Expression of @entity5182 or @entity5180 with Ras(ACT) upregulated @entity5183 ( @entity5183 ) activity, and @entity5183 upregulation was essential for cooperation. However, in the whole-tissue system, upregulation of @entity5183 alone was not sufficient for cooperation with Ras(ACT), while in the clonal setting, @entity5183 upregulation was sufficient for Ras(ACT)-mediated tumorigenesis. @entity5183 upregulation was also sufficient to confer invasive growth of @entity5184 )-expressing @entity1 MCF10A breast epithelial cells. Consistent with this, @entity1722 (+) @entity1 @entity0 (where @entity1 epidermal growth factor 2 is overexpressed and Ras signaling upregulated) show a significant correlation with a signature representing @entity5183 pathway activation. Moreover, our genetic analysis in @entity238 revealed that @entity5181 and Rac are important for the cooperation of @entity5182 or Pbl overexpression and of mutants in polarity regulators, @entity5185 and aPKC, with Ras(ACT) in the whole-tissue context. Collectively our analysis reveals the importance of the @entity5182 /Rho-family/ @entity5183 pathway in cooperative tumorigenesis with Ras(ACT).

title: Identification of novel Ras-cooperating oncogenes in @entity238 : a XXXX /Rho-family/JNK pathway is a central driver of tumorigenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity5182 :: (36915(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['RhoGEF']


abstract: There has been much interest in the parenteral use of medium-chain @entity1674 (MCT) as a noncarbohydrate energy source. This study examines the effects of infusion iv into postabsorptive normal subjects with three doses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g/kg.15 h) of an emulsion containing 56% MCT and 44% long-chain @entity412 (LCT) and comparing its metabolic effect with infusions of normal saline (NS) and an emulsion containing LCT alone. There were significant increases in serum @entity4322 and @entity4323 5 and 15 h after the start of the MCT-LCT infusions. Increases were seen only after 15 h of NS, while none was observed during LCT alone. @entity1674 were increased in a dose-related fashion with MCT-LCT and were increased even further with LCT alone. @entity653 increased in a dose-related fashion both during the MCT-LCT and LCT infusion beginning immediately (0.5 h) after the start of the infusion. With NS infusion, @entity653 increased significantly only after 15 h of infusion. The MCT-LCT mixture and the highest LCT dose resulted in a significant (12%) increase in @entity26 consumption after 5 h of infusion. There was no difference in oral @entity413 tolerance between the various infusions. Infusion of MCT results in significant ketogenesis and more study is needed to determine its clinical utility.

title: Intravenous infusion of a medium-chain XXXX -enriched lipid emulsion.

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides', 'triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerol', 'glycerol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1253 are involved in the regulation of many inflammatory processes and are present at very high concentrations in cord blood of term @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We analysed data of a large prospective birth cohort study to examine whether @entity1254 and @entity1243 concentration in cord blood are determinants of wheezing disorders in @entity1 within the first 2 years of life. METHODS: Seven hundred and forty mothers and their newborns were included in this analysis. @entity1254 and @entity1243 concentrations were measured in cord blood. The cumulative incidence of physician-reported @entity565 or obstructive @entity3617 was recorded during a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: During the first 2 years of life, @entity565 or obstructive @entity3617 was reported by the caring paediatricians for 157 (19.6%) of the @entity1 . We found a strong interaction of cord blood @entity1254 and history of @entity66 in the mother with respect to the risk of physician-reported @entity565 or obstructive @entity3617 (P=0.006). Compared with @entity1 with cord blood levels in the middle quintile (reference category), the odds ratios for physician-reported @entity565 or obstructive @entity3617 in the bottom quintile and top quintile were 0.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.90] and 2.12 (95% CI 0.67-6.66), respectively (P for trend=0.0003), among @entity1 of mothers with a history of atopy. This association was independent of other established risk factors. @entity1243 levels in cord blood were not associated with risk of @entity565 or obstructive @entity3617 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 of mothers with a history of atopy, concentrations of @entity1254 in cord blood could play an important role in determining risk of wheezing disorders in early childhood.

title: XXXX in cord blood and risk of wheezing disorders within the first two years of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity1253 :: ('MESH:D054392', 'Chemical') :: ['Adipokines']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

answer: @entity1253 :: (MESH:D054392,Chemical) :: ['Adipokines']


abstract: In the critical care setting, the focus of care during the first few weeks following acute @entity1545 is prevention of secondary @entity1545 by optimizing cerebral perfusion. Ensuring adequate oxygenation and perfusion of cerebral tissues requires attention to all of the body systems. Chest percussion therapy ( @entity1191 ) promotes pulmonary hygiene and optimizes gas exchange by opening the alveoli. However, many @entity1 with @entity1545 have @entity428 ( @entity428 ) monitoring, and conventional wisdom supports limiting activities such as @entity1191 that may stimulate the @entity1 and @entity428 . The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of @entity1191 on @entity428 . Thirty @entity1 were enrolled over a 6-month period. Data were collected at 1-minute intervals for 1 hour. Each @entity1 was randomized to receive automated @entity1191 (using specialty beds) for 10 minutes, starting at 10, 20, 30, or 40 minutes into the hour. There were no differences in mean @entity428 values before, during, or after @entity1191 . This study provides evidence that it is safe to perform @entity1191 in @entity1 with @entity428 monitoring in situ.

title: Multicenter pilot study: safety of automated chest percussion in @entity1 at risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'increase ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial hypertension']


abstract: Previous in vitro studies showed that @entity3264 ( @entity7647 ) prevents @entity3094 -induced disruption of tight junctions and adherens junctions in Caco-2 cell monolayers and @entity1 @entity694 . In the present study, we evaluated the effect of @entity7647 supplementation on @entity1068 -induced gut barrier dysfunction and @entity99 in @entity19 in vivo. @entity1068 feeding caused a significant increase in inulin permeability in distal colon. Elevated permeability was associated with a redistribution of tight junction and adherens junction proteins and depletion of detergent-insoluble fractions of these proteins, suggesting that @entity1068 disrupts apical junctional complexes in colonic epithelium and increases paracellular permeability. @entity1068 -induced @entity1049 and disruption of junctional complexes were most severe in @entity19 fed @entity7647 -free diet. @entity7647 supplementation attenuated @entity1068 -induced mucosal permeability and disruption of tight junctions and adherens junctions in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the potential role of @entity7647 in nutritional intervention to alcoholic tissue injury. @entity7647 supplementation dose-dependently elevated reduced-protein @entity1433 in colon without affecting the level of oxidized-protein @entity1433 . @entity1068 feeding depleted reduced protein @entity1433 and elevated oxidized protein @entity1433 . @entity1068 -induced protein @entity1432 oxidation was most severe in @entity19 fed with @entity7647 -free diet and absent in @entity19 fed with @entity7647 -supplemented diet, suggesting that antioxidant effect is one of the likely mechanisms involved in @entity7647 -mediated amelioration of @entity1068 -induced gut barrier dysfunction. @entity1068 feeding elevated plasma transaminase and liver @entity412 , which was accompanied by histopathologic lesions in the liver; @entity1068 -induced @entity409 was attenuated by @entity7647 supplementation. These results indicate that @entity7647 supplementation ameliorates @entity285 -induced gut and @entity99 .

title: @entity3264 supplementation attenuates XXXX -induced disruption of apical junctional complexes in @entity409 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['increase in colonic mucosal permeability']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: AIMS: To ascertain whether the presence of left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) influences @entity409 and LV remodelling at 6 months of follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-six consecutive @entity583 @entity1 successfully treated with primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention underwent conventional two-dimensional and myocardial contrast echocardiography within 24 h and at 6 months. Left ventricular mass, end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume ( @entity5778 ), ejection fraction, and wall motion score index (WMSI) were measured. @entity4346 was defined as LV mass index >116 g/m(2) in @entity1 and >104 g/m(2) in @entity1 . In order to evaluate the potential influence of @entity409 on LV remodelling, myocardial perfusion was semiquantitatively scored by contrast score index (CSI). @entity1 with @entity4346 had higher EDV and @entity5778 both at 24 h and at 6 months, compared with @entity1 without @entity4346 (P < 0.05). No significant changes over time were observed in both groups. Both WMSI and CSI were similar between groups at 24 h and at follow-up, but improved in both groups over time (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity4346 does not appear to influence the development of post- @entity583 LV remodelling. @entity1184 and non-hypertrophic left ventricles showed the same extent and temporal improvement in regional contractile function and microvascular perfusion.

title: Influence of @entity4346 on XXXX and left ventricular remodelling after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['microvascular dysfunction']


abstract: @entity4259 in serum and whole blood was determined in @entity1 (n = 88) with acute @entity1188 , in @entity1 (n = 62) with severe clinical symptoms and signs of @entity951 excluding @entity1188 , and a control group (n = 62). The average @entity4259 concentration of the 62 @entity1 in the control group was 1.00 +/- 0.17 mumol/l in the blood. The serum @entity4259 concentration of the @entity1 with @entity1188 was significantly decreased as compared with the control group both on the first and tenth day ( @entity6927 ) as well as after three months ( @entity6927 = 5%). On the twentieth day as well as six and twelve months after @entity1188 no significant difference could be established. At all times after @entity1188 , the blood showed a clearly decreased @entity4259 concentration as compared with the control group. The difference was highly significant ( @entity6927 = 0.1%) on the first, tenth and twentieth day as well as after three and six months, and it was significant ( @entity6927 ) after twelve months. On the first day, the average @entity4259 concentration in the serum of the 62 @entity1 with a severe attack of @entity951 excluding acute @entity1188 was 0.88 +/- 0.18 mumol/l and thus highly significantly below the values for the control group ( @entity6927 = 0.1%). The decrease on the tenth day (0.93 +/- 0.19 mumol/l) turned out not to be significant. The blood @entity4259 concentration was highly significantly decreased on the first and tenth day ( @entity6927 = 0.1%). It was measured to be 1.12 +/- 0.19 mumol/l and 1.10 +/- 0.20 mumol/l respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity4259 level in @entity1 with acute myocardial infarct and in @entity1 with severe XXXX without myocardial infarct].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['Selenium', 'selenium']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: To determine the mechanism for prolongation of pre-ejection period (PEP) in the @entity101 heart with normal systolic function, cardiac catheterizations, echocardiograms, and electrocardiograms were performed at the baseline period (CS, control stage) and eight weeks ( @entity8682 , @entity101 stage) after the induction of systemic @entity101 by Page's method in unanesthetized @entity235 . Mean aortic blood pressure increased significantly (96 +/- 12 to 137 +/- 26 mmHg) (p less than 0.05). Diastolic aortic pressure also increased significantly (80 +/- 12 to 118 +/- 24 mmHg) (p less than 0.01). Left ventricular (LV) PEP of @entity8682 was significantly prolonged (72 +/- 12 vs. 87 +/- 22 ms, CS vs. @entity8682 ). The ratio of LV pre-ejection period to ejection time (PEP/ET) also increased significantly (0.33 +/- 0.04 to 0.42 +/- 0.07) (p less than 0.05). LV end-diastolic wall stress as an index of preload decreased significantly (7.7 +/- 2.5 vs. 5.9 +/- 1.8 10(3) dynes/cm2, CS vs. @entity8682 ). Heart rate, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) and end-systolic wall stress of @entity8682 did not change. That is, myocardial contractility in the @entity101 heart of @entity8682 most likely is not depressed. At autopsy, left ventricle to body weight ratio of @entity8682 was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than the sham-operated @entity235 (5.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.5 g/kg). From these findings, there are two possible factors responsible for prolongation of PEP of @entity8682 . First, elevated diastolic aortic pressure may influence PEP. Second, the prolonged PEP is possibly caused by the decrease of preload.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mechanism of prolongation of pre-ejection period in the hypertrophied left ventricle with normal systolic function in unanesthetized @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'hypertension']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PROBLEM: In 2010, dengue virus (DENV) serotype-4 was detected during a dengue outbreak in the Amazonian city of @entity15662 Vista. At that time Brazil was already endemic for DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. This was the first time DENV-4 was observed in the country after it was initially detected and eliminated in 1981. APPROACH: To hinder the spread of DENV-4 throughout Brazil, standard vector control measures were intensified. Vector control professionals visited 56   837 households in 22 out of 31 districts of @entity15662 Vista, to eliminate mosquito-breeding sites. Water storage containers were treated with the larvicide @entity15663 , and @entity316 was sprayed for adult @entity4224 mosquitoes. Fifteen days later, a second larvae survey and additional deltamethrin applications were performed. LOCAL SETTING: In Brazil, dengue vector control is managed at all three government levels. Regular surveillance of @entity4224 is done four to six times a year to strengthen mosquito control activities in areas with high-vector density. Educational dengue control campaigns in communities are scarce, especially between outbreaks. RELEVANT CHANGES: In spite of extensive implementation of all standard control actions recommended by the Brazilian dengue control programme, only a slight decrease in mosquito density was detected. LESSONS LEARNT: There is a need to redesign all levels of dengue control. Public consultation and engagement, behaviour change and actions that go beyond technical impositions are required. Vector control programme managers need to reflect on what constitutes good practices and whether intermittent information campaigns are effective measures for dengue prevention and control.

title: Challenges encountered using standard vector control measures for dengue in XXXX Vista, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity316 :: ('MESH:C017180', 'Chemical') :: ['deltamethrin']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity15663 :: ('MESH:D004132', 'Chemical') :: ['diflubenzuron']

answer: @entity15662 :: (8574,Species) :: ['Boa']


abstract: The effect of @entity548 -induced @entity551 on lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) tone was studied in 11 adult mongrel @entity235 . Mean(s.e.m.) @entity190 of 760(66) ml, corresponding to 42 per cent of estimated blood volume, was associated with a significant fall in LOS tone (14.2(1.0) versus 7.2(0.6) sphinctometer units, P < 0.002). This was associated with a reduction in mean(s.e.m.) arterial blood pressure (99(7) versus 53(3) mmHg, P < 0.002) and heart rate (113(6) versus 106(5) beats per min, P = 0.06). Group 1 animals (n = 6) received autotransfusion, restoring LOS tone to prehaemorrhage values. @entity235 in group 2 (n = 5) were given intravenous @entity2929 4 mg/kg, which also restored LOS tone. This effect was transient, lasting a mean(s.e.m.) of only 67(7) min. Infusion of an equivalent volume of 0.9 per cent saline following cessation of the @entity2929 effect restored LOS tone to control values although the animals remained @entity551 . Reduction in LOS tone with @entity548 may be part of a vagal reflex mediated by myocardial afferent C fibres and may explain the high incidence of @entity358 in shocked @entity1 .

title: XXXX induced by @entity548 impairs lower oesophageal sphincter function.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspiration']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Hypotension']


abstract: A quantitative analysis of the cardiovascular risk factors in 101 @entity64 @entity1 and their reduction by dietary treatment is given. From the risk factors a risk index was calculated. It was reduced from an average 4.9 at admission to 1.4 at discharge. The most frequent risk factors at admission (high @entity1674 , high blood pressure and a high LDL/HDL ratio) are probably caused by 'normal' @entity167 consumption and overweight. All @entity1 were disused from smoking and @entity167 . Under a low-caloric diet all risk factors were reduced within one month. Most @entity6 @entity1 became independent of drug treatment: A treatment of @entity6 with oral antidiabetic drugs could be avoided even in the elderly @entity1 by a low caloric diet without @entity167 . On average there was a 4.8 mg% decrease of fasting @entity1674 and a 5.7 mg% decrease of total @entity165 per 1% Broca Index reduction. HDL was increased in all @entity1 despite withdrawal of @entity167 , and the HDL/LDL ratio was significantly improved by the diet. There was a significant blood pressure reduction in the whole group; in addition there was a weight-related reduction in the @entity101 @entity1 only: the systolic blood pressure was reduced by 9.3 mm Hg for each 10% Broca Index decrease. The atherogenic and @entity101 potencies of 'normal' @entity167 consumption and @entity4136 treatment are emphasized.

title: XXXX : cardiovascular risk factors and the quantitative effects of dietary treatment on them.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Male circumcision (MC) reduces penile high-risk @entity1082 (HR-HPV) on the coronal sulcus and urethra. HR-HPV varies by anatomic site, and it is unknown whether MC decreases HR-HPV on the penile shaft. We assessed the efficacy of MC to reduce HR-HPV on the penile shaft and compared it to known efficacy of MC to reduce HR-HPV on the coronal sulcus. @entity645 -negative @entity1 randomized to receive immediate circumcision (intervention) or circumcision delayed for 24 months (control) were evaluated for HR-HPV at 12 months postenrollment using the Roche HPV Linear Array assay. Among swabs with detectable b-globin or HPV, year 1 HR-HPV prevalence on the coronal sulcus was 21.5% in the intervention arm and 36.3% in the control arm @entity1 [adjusted prevalence risk ratios (PRRs) = 0.57, 95% CI 0.39-0.84, p = 0.005]. On the shaft, year 1 HR-HPV prevalence was 15.5% in the intervention and 23.8% in the control arm (adjusted PRR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.39-1.12, p = 0.12). Efficacy of MC to reduce HR-HPV on the shaft was similar to efficacy on the coronal sulcus (p = 0.52). In a sensitivity analysis in which swabs without detectable b-globin or HPV were included as HPV negative, prevalence of HR-HPV on the shaft was lower in the intervention arm (7.8%) than control arm (13.6%; PRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33-0.99, p < 0.05). HR-HPV was more frequently detected on the coronal sulcus than penile shaft among uncircumcised @entity1 (36.3% vs. 23.8%, respectively, p = 0.02) and circumcised @entity1 (21.5% vs. 15.5%, respectively, p = 0.24). MC reduced HR-HPV prevalence on both the coronal sulcus and shaft.

title: Male circumcision and anatomic sites of penile high-risk XXXX in Rakai, Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1593 are diagnosed at any age and can exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations. The reasons for this are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible correlation between the @entity8167 and @entity3098 genetic markers and clinical features of @entity1593 . METHODS: A total of 133 @entity1 with @entity1593 were tested for the @entity8167 and @entity3098 genes. Their corresponding allele and haplotype frequency distributions were estimated from the phenotypes found. The results were correlated with data from the clinical records. RESULTS: The @entity7922 molecule was found in 93% of the @entity1 , and @entity7922 or DQ8 was found in 98%. The DQA1*0201- @entity3098 *0202 haplotype showed strong linkage disequilibrium. @entity7922 homozygosis was significantly associated with female sex, earlier age at diagnosis, and shorter delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis. Double-dose @entity3098 *02 (01-02) allele was more frequent in @entity1 with the classic presentation of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic markers investigated may prove useful for diagnosing and managing @entity1593 . With some clinical variables, correlations not previously described were found. These correlations have a moderate strength and, therefore, must be confirmed by other studies.

title: XXXX and @entity3098 genetic markers and clinical presentation in @entity1593 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

answer: @entity8167 :: (3117,Gene) :: ['HLA-DQA1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sudden unexpected @entity204 in approximately 20% of young athletes are due to acquired or congenital @entity453 . @entity573 is the leading cause for acquired @entity453 , which can cause late coronary artery sequelae including @entity439 , @entity850 , and @entity715 , leading to @entity296 and @entity2224 . @entity1 with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery can develop adequate collateral circulation from the right coronary artery in the newborn period, which remains asymptomatic only to manifest in adulthood with @entity296 , @entity943 , and @entity944 . @entity453 from the opposite sinus occurs in 0.7% of the young general population aged between 11 and 15 years. If the anomalous coronary artery courses between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, @entity1164 may occur during or shortly after vigorous exercise, especially in @entity1 where the anomalous left coronary artery originates from the right sinus of Valsalva. Symptomatic @entity1 with evidence of ischaemia should have surgical correction. No treatment is needed for asymptomatic @entity1 with an anomalous right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva. At present, there is no consensus regarding how to manage asymptomatic @entity1 with anomalous left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva and interarterial course. @entity296 is commonly observed in cardiac catheterisation and it rarely causes exercise-induced @entity301 or @entity204 . In symptomatic @entity1 , refractory or b-blocker treatment and surgical un-bridging may be considered.

title: Acquired and congenital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial bridging', 'myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Anomalous origin of coronary artery', 'coronary artery abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'cardiac deaths']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery abnormalities']