abstract: OBJECTIVE: An ideal gene transfer vector for chronic @entity32 such as @entity309 ( @entity309 ) would provide local transgene expression only when the disease is active. To determine whether adeno-associated virus (AAV) possesses this ability, the effects of inflammatory cytokines on transgene expression were evaluated in @entity1 @entity309 fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). METHODS: @entity1 FLS were infected with AAV in the presence or absence of inflammatory cytokines or synovial fluid obtained from @entity1 with @entity309 . Transgene expression was monitored by either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or flow cytometry. Transgene messenger RNA (mRNA) was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Inflammatory cytokines increased transgene expression in FLS by up to 60-fold. Synovial fluid from @entity1 with @entity309 , but not from @entity1 without @entity625 , was also able to increase expression in synoviocytes. Protein expression correlated with transgene mRNA levels. The enhanced expression required the continued presence of cytokines because, upon removal, transgene expression returned to baseline levels. Expression could be repeatedly reinduced by reexposure to cytokines. The effect was not promoter specific and was demonstrated to be @entity4357 3-kinase-dependent. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that expression of a therapeutic transgene can be controlled by the presence of @entity32 following AAV gene transfer, making it an attractive vector for chronic @entity32 such as @entity309 .

title: Inflammatory cytokine regulation of transgene expression in XXXX fibroblast-like synoviocytes infected with adeno-associated virus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Classical treatment of compound @entity13668 includes debridement and closure of all scalp wounds to minimize the risk of delayed @entity281 . In selected situations, a nonsurgical approach may prove to be equally safe. Over a 33-month period, we evaluated 1075 @entity1 for @entity542 . There were 63 @entity1 with non-missile, compound @entity13668 (9 of these 63 @entity1 have been excluded for @entity204 that occurred within 4 days of admission). @entity1 with significant intracranial @entity1410 or dural violations over the convexity of the brain underwent formal surgical therapy. Surgical therapy was performed on 28 @entity1 (52%; age 33 +/- 3 years; ISS 24 +/- 2) and it consisted of craniotomy with debridement, elevation of @entity308 fragments, repair of dural tears, and evacuation of @entity1410 . Nonsurgical treatment was used if there was no evidence of violation of the dura mater and of significant @entity2075 . If the following criteria were satisfied, then the nonsurgical approach was employed: no evidence of exposed brain or a @entity5173 , no @entity5745 related to the @entity174 , no @entity308 fragments of bone more than 1 cm below the inner table of the skull, and no gross wound contamination. Nonsurgical therapy was used on 26 @entity1 (48%; age 34 +/- 3 years; ISS 19 +/- 2) and it consisted of wound irrigation, debridement, and closure. In all 54 @entity1 of both subsets of patients, intravenous antibiotics were administered for 5 to 7 days. After two additional days of observation, off antibiotics, the @entity1 were discharged. There were no infectious complications related to the central nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nonsurgical treatment of compound XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['depressed skull fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial infection']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hematoma']

answer: @entity13668 :: (MESH:D020204,Disease) :: ['depressed skull fractures']


abstract: 15 cases of @entity3084 presenting to a tertiary referral hospital are reviewed. The presentation is characterized by an insidious onset with a slowly progressive, painful, @entity3947 with a mean length of history of 6.5 +/- 7 years. The knee joint was involved in 7 @entity1 , hip in 6, elbow and shoulder 1 each. Significant systemic @entity137 was absent, the white count was normal (mean 7.3 +/- 2.4 x 10(9)/1) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was only slightly elevated (mean 31 +/- 23 mm/first h). Features of extra-articular @entity1907 were present in 7 @entity1 and periarticular findings were present (abscesses in 7 and sinuses in 4 @entity1 ). Despite a characteristic presentation, the diagnosis was initially missed in 10, leading to delay in instituting correct treatment. One @entity1 presented with @entity571 and a @entity8060 . @entity2720 was present in all @entity1 . The highest diagnostic yield was with a combination of synovial histology, synovial fluid culture and direct smear examination for acid fast bacilli (14 @entity1 ) and lowest if direct smear examination was used alone (2 @entity1 ). Chemotherapy with @entity1215 and @entity3109 alone (3 @entity1 ) or with at least 1 other drug was given for a mean of 15 +/- 5 months. Apart from debridement/drainage surgery, fusion/excision arthroplasty was performed in 6 cases and one had a total knee replacement. A heightened diagnostic acumen is needed in such cases.

title: XXXX : a dilemma in diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral joint tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosed or swollen monarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Definitive joint arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity8060 :: ('MESH:D011151', 'Disease') :: ["Baker's cyst"]

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3084 :: (MESH:D014394,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis of peripheral joints']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine surgical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) undergoing phacoemulsification @entity231 extraction. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this single-institution study of consecutive @entity6391 @entity1 who underwent phacoemulsification @entity231 extraction and intraocular lens implantation by a single surgeon between 2002 and 2012, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative records were analyzed with attention to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), lens and zonular status, capsular tension ring use, incidence of @entity16433 and @entity3278 -doped yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet (YAG) laser capsulotomy, and surgical complications. RESULTS: Eighty eyes of 47 @entity6391 @entity1 (21 male) underwent @entity231 surgery during the study period at an average age of 48.9 years (range, 31-78 years). Mean follow-up time was 23.3  months (range, 1  day - 95  months). Posterior subcapsular @entity231 were present in 97.5% of @entity1 . Mean BCVA improved from 20/340 (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution [logMAR] 1.23) to 20/129 (0.81) within 3  months of surgery, P < .0001. Eyes with a preoperative vision of 20/40 to 20/200 (47 eyes) improved from a mean of 20/81 (logMAR 0.61) preoperatively to 20/43 (0.33), P < .0001, postoperatively. @entity3236 occurred in 66 eyes (82.5%), and 42 eyes (52.5%) underwent a YAG laser capsulotomy at a mean of 10.8  months after surgery. Fifteen eyes (18.8%) of 10 @entity1 (21.3%) had signs of phacodonesis (3 eyes noted preoperatively, 8 intraoperatively, and 4 postoperatively). One @entity1 had bilateral dislocated in-the-bag intraocular lenses at 5.5 years and 6 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity231 surgery yields significantly improved Snellen visual acuity in a majority of @entity6391 @entity1 with a preoperative vision of 20/200 or better. Conversely, @entity1 with a preoperative visual acuity  of 20/400 or worse generally have more limited objective improvements, likely because of macular involvement, but usually report noticeable subjective improvement. A high prevalence of zonular instability is seen in @entity6391 @entity1 undergoing @entity231 extraction. It is therefore important to conduct a careful preoperative assessment of lens stability with preparation for adjunctive methods that augment intraoperative and postoperative lens stabilization.

title: @entity231 extraction outcomes and the prevalence of zonular insufficiency in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['Posterior capsule opacification']

entities_list: @entity16433 :: ('MESH:D057851', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsular opacification']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: @entity364 still play a major role in morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with haematological @entity5 , including those undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although Aspergillus and other filamentous @entity364 remain a major concern, @entity6923 are still a major cause of mortality. This part of the ESCMID guidelines focuses on this @entity1 population and reviews pertaining to prophylaxis, empirical/pre-emptive and targeted therapy of Candida diseases. Anti-Candida prophylaxis is only recommended for @entity1 receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The authors recognize that the recommendations would have most likely been different if the purpose would have been prevention of all @entity364 (e.g. @entity2381 ). In targeted treatment of candidaemia, recommendations for treatment are available for all @entity5626 , that is @entity25928 (AI), @entity11794 (AI) and @entity1331 (AI), although a warning for resistance is expressed. Liposomal @entity2379 received a BI recommendation due to higher number of reported adverse events in the trials. @entity2379 deoxycholate should not be used (DII); and @entity2380 was rated CI because of a change in epidemiology in some areas in Europe. Removal of central venous catheters is recommended during candidaemia but if catheter retention is a clinical necessity, treatment with an @entity5637 is an option (CII(t) ). In @entity102 candidiasis therapy, recommendations are liposomal @entity2379 for 8 weeks (AIII), @entity2380 for >3 months or other @entity8201 ( @entity12357 ). Granulocyte transfusions are only an option in desperate cases of @entity1 with @entity66 and @entity1398 (CIII).

title: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: adults with haematological XXXX and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infections']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Candida disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disseminated']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal diseases', 'Fungal diseases']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: An intragenic polymorphism ( @entity34405 ) of the @entity6510 ( @entity6510 ) gene was reported as a common polymorphism in Caucasian populations ( @entity29133 ). Intervention studies with this polymorphism have yield contradictories results. We decide to investigate the role of polymorphism ( @entity34405 ) of ( @entity6510 ) gene on metabolic parameters and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated fat and high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diets in @entity28 subjects. A population of 258 @entity28 subjects was analyzed in a randomized trial. A nutritional evaluation was performed at the beginning and at the end of a 3-month period in which subjects received 1 of 2 diets (diet M: high monounsaturated fat diet vs diet P: high polyunsaturated fat diet). One hundred and sixty five @entity1 (63.9%) had the genotype G1359G and 93 (36.1%) @entity1 (A allele carriers) had @entity34405 (78 @entity1 ,30.3%) or A1359A (15 @entity1 ,5.8%) genotypes. In subjects with both genotypes, body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference and systolic blood pressures decreased with both diets. With the diet-type M and in both genotype groups, biochemical parameters remained unchanged. After the diet type P and in subjects with both genotypes, @entity413 , total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels decreased. In G1359G genotype subjects after both diets, leptin levels decreased. The finding of this study is the association of the A allele with a lack of improvement on leptin levels. Subjects with both genotypes and after a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet showed a significant improvement of LDL @entity165 , total @entity165 , HOMA-IR and insulin levels.

title: Genetic variation in the cannabinoid receptor gene ( XXXX ) ( @entity34405 polymorphism) and their influence on anthropometric parameters and metabolic parameters under a high monounsaturated vs. high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6510 :: ('1268', 'Gene') :: ['cannabinoid receptor 1', 'CNR1']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6510 :: (1268,Gene) :: ['CNR1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity294 is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among @entity1 in sub-Saharan Africa, and one of the main causes of hospital admissions in rural areas of Kenya. In Kenya, antimicrobial resistance surveillance has been conducted only at the institutional levels, with limited sharing of information and analysis of data. As a result, the actual scale of regional or national antimicrobial drug resistance is not well defined. METHODOLOGY: Stool samples were collected between 1 October 2007 and 30 September 2008 from a total of 651 outpatients with @entity294 who were under five years of age in four provinces of Kenya.   Conventional, biochemical methods, multiplex PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility were conducted to identify the bacterial causes and virulence factors in the isolates, respectively.   RESULTS: Of the 651 @entity1 screened, we identified the causes of 115 cases (17.7%) as follows: Pathogenic @entity526 (11.2%) [enteroaggregative (8.9%), enterotoxigenic (1.2%), enteroinvasive (0.6%), shigatoxigenic (0.5%)], Salmonella (3.5%), Shigella (2%) and @entity1838 O1 (0.7%). The highest levels of resistance among the @entity526 isolates were observed in @entity869 and @entity206 / @entity207 each at 95% followed by @entity803 at 81%. Shigella isolate levels of resistance ranged from 80% to 100% for @entity869 , @entity803 and @entity206 / @entity207 . CONCLUSION: The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was to @entity869 followed by @entity206 / @entity207 and @entity803 . Though still at low levels, the major concern from our findings is the emerging resistance of enteric pathogens that was observed to @entity5176 ( @entity2177 , @entity802 , @entity4258 ) and @entity801 .

title: Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from childhood XXXX in four provinces of Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholera']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea', 'Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Current literature suggests that total hip replacement (THR) is superior to hemiarthroplasty (HA) for neck of femur @entity174 in selected group of @entity1 . The outcomes of THR undertaken for @entity130 setting remain unclear when comparing with elective THR. We compared the outcomes of THR @entity130 cohort with best-matched elective cohort. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 102 @entity1 that underwent THR due to @entity130 from 2011 to 2013. We had access to 90 cases with complete records. Another 90 matched elective cases were obtained from local arthroplasty database. The elective cases were matched for gender, surgical approaches, surgeon's grade, types of implant, @entity1 's age at operation date of   5 years and operation date of   60days. Subsequently, the selection criteria were relaxed to @entity1 's age at operation date of   10 years and operation date of   60days. Unmatched cases were excluded. Complications and @entity204 rate were compared. RESULTS: The average age for both cohorts was 70 years. The @entity130 cohort had statistically significant lower BMI and longer hospital stay (p=0.001). The Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) and Charlson Age Comorbidity Index (CACI) were the same for both cohorts, reflecting an active @entity1 selection for THR in our centre. The @entity130 cohort had higher surgical complication rate (9% vs 4%), particularly higher dislocation rate (7% vs 1%); and higher medical complication rate (32% vs 6%). These were consistent with the literature. Contrary to literature, the @entity130 cohort had six dislocations that five of them were done via anterolateral approach. Among the eight @entity130 cases with @entity532 , six cases were performed by trainees. The cause of @entity532 remains unclear due to the nature of retrospective study. The @entity130 cohort had higher @entity204 rate than the elective cohort (14% vs 4%), with one post-operative @entity1167 in the @entity130 cohort. The rest were non-orthopaedic related deaths, ranging between four months to four years. CONCLUSION: A more robust way of selecting @entity130 @entity1 for THR is warranted to reduce morbidity and mortality. Follow-up for the @entity130 cohort is warranted, as the @entity1 are likely to outlive the implants.

title: Total hip replacement for neck of femur XXXX : Comparing outcomes with matched elective cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Between August 1980 and December 1986, 120 @entity1 suffering from chronic instabilities of the knee ligament were submitted to corrective surgery at the Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main. A textile ligament made of @entity11628 (Trevira hochfest type 730) was substituted in all cases for the disturbed or missing ligament structure. 67 out of 100 @entity1 came to the check-up appointments. A precise and objective comparison between the preoperative and postoperative findings of each @entity1 was now possible for the first time thanks to the most recent computer technique. Until now we were not able to do this. Possibly the results published hitherto had a subjective touch and were too much dependent on the feelings of the individual investigators. Full objective stability over several years was reached anyhow in 51.4% of the @entity1 checked up. Especially in case of inveterate @entity397 of the anterior cruciate ligament, the alloplastic substitution by a ligament made of Trevira hochfest is at present an ideal possibility to restore stability for a long time and to prevent severe secondary wear symptoms of the other interior structures of the knee. The failures and insatisfactory results with respect to stability are explained by an insufficient consideration of the implantation technique recommended. In order to help this method to achieve its welldeserved propagation which would be to the advantage of @entity1 with chronic instabilities of the knee ligament, this technique is explained in detail once more and possible errors are indicated.

title: [Ideal indications for the use of a textile ligament of high strength Trevira in alloplastic replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament in chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity11628 :: ('MESH:C501560', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene terephthalate']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['isolated rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['isolated rupture']


abstract: Although oligonucleotide chips, cDNA microarrays, differential display reverse transcription-PCR, and other approaches have been used to screen implantation-related molecules, the mechanism by which embryo implantation occurs is still unknown. The aim of this study was to profile the differential gene expression between interimplantation site and implantation site in @entity19 uterus on day 5 of pregnancy by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). In our two SAGE libraries of 11-bp tags, the total numbers of tags sequenced were 48,121 for the interimplantation site and 50,227 for the implantation site. There were 1,039 tags specifically expressed at interimplantation site, and 1,252 tags specifically expressed at the implantation site. Based on the p value, there were 195 tags significantly up-regulated at the interimplantation site and 261 tags significantly up-regulated at the implantation site, of which 100 genes were single matched at the interimplantation site and 127 genes were single matched at the implantation site, respectively. By reverse transcription-PCR, the tag ratio between the implantation site and interimplantation site was verified on 14 significantly changed genes. Using in situ hybridization, 1810014L12Rik, @entity45699 , @entity29231 , @entity20104 , @entity45700 , and @entity14482 were shown to be highly expressed at the implantation site compared with the interimplantation site. Compared with the interimplantation site, @entity45701 was strongly expressed in the subluminal stromal cells at the implantation site on day 5 of pregnancy. @entity45701 expression at the implantation site was specifically induced by active blastocysts. Additionally, @entity45701 expression was significantly up-regulated by @entity172 in the ovariectomized @entity19 . In our SAGE data, many implantation-related genes were identified in @entity19 uterus. Our data could be a valuable source for future study on embryo implantation.

title: Serial analysis of gene expression in XXXX uterus at the implantation site.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare surgical site infections rate in @entity28 @entity1 after laparoscopic surgery with open general abdominal surgery. BACKGROUND: In mixed surgical populations, surgical site infections are fewer in laparoscopic surgery than in open surgery. It is not clear if this is also the case for @entity28 @entity1 , who have a higher risk of surgical site infections than nonobese @entity1 . METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and The Cochrane library (CENTRAL) were searched systematically for studies on laparoscopic surgery compared with open abdominal surgery. @entity23 ( @entity23 ) and observational studies reporting surgical @entity281 in groups of @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index >=  30) were included. Separate meta-analyses with a fixed effects model for @entity23 and a random effects model for observational studies were performed. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane method and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Eight @entity23 and 36 observational studies on bariatric and nonbariatric surgery were identified. Meta-analyses of @entity23 and observational studies showed a significantly lower surgical @entity281 rate after laparoscopic surgery (OR = 0.19; 95% CI [0.08-0.45]; P = 0.0002 and OR = 0.33; 95% CI [0.26-0.42]; P = 0.00001). Sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of selection and detection bias confirmed the significant estimates with acceptable heterogeneity. No publication bias was present for the observational studies. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery in @entity28 @entity1 reduces surgical @entity281 rate by 70%-80% compared with open surgery across general abdominal surgical procedures. Future efforts should be focused on further development of laparoscopic surgery for the growing @entity28 population.

title: Laparoscopic surgery compared with open surgery decreases surgical @entity281 in XXXX @entity1 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['site infection']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity796 (PA) biofilm-associated @entity281 are a common cause of morbidity in chronic @entity1576 and represent a therapeutic challenge. Recently, the ability of a novel alginate oligomer (OligoG) to potentiate the effect of antibiotics against gram-negative, multi-drug-resistant bacteria and inhibit biofilm formation in vitro has been described. Interaction of OligoG with the cell surface of PA was characterized at the nanoscale using atomic force microscopy (AFM), zeta potential measurement (surface charge), and sizing measurements (dynamic light scattering). The ability of OligoG to modify motility was studied in motility assays. AFM demonstrated binding of OligoG to the bacterial cell surface, which was irreversible after exposure to hydrodynamic shear (5,500   g). Zeta potential analysis (pH 5-9; 0.1-0.001 M @entity1219 ) demonstrated that binding was associated with marked changes in the bacterial surface charge (-30.9    0.8 to -47.0    2.3 mV; 0.01 M @entity1219 [pH 5]; P < 0.001). Sizing analysis demonstrated that alteration of surface charge was associated with cell aggregation with a 2- to 3-fold increase in mean particle size at OligoG concentrations greater than 2% (914    284 to 2599    472 nm; 0.01 M @entity1219 [pH 5]; P < 0.001). These changes were associated with marked dose-dependent inhibition in bacterial swarming motility in PA and Burkholderia spp. The ability of OligoG to bind to a bacterial surface, modulate surface charge, induce @entity1423 , and inhibit motility represents important direct mechanisms by which antibiotic potentiation and biofilm disruption is affected. These results highlight the value of combining multiple nanoscale technologies to further our understanding of the mechanisms of action of novel antibacterial therapies.

title: A nanoscale characterization of the interaction of a novel alginate oligomer with the cell surface and motility of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['microbial aggregation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: The presence of immunoreactive (IR) endothelin (ET)-1 and @entity1827 receptors in @entity35 retina has been studied by radioimmunoassay and receptor assay, respectively. The specific binding of 125I- @entity1827 to @entity35 retinal particulate preparations was saturable. Apparent equilibrium conditions were established within 120-140 min. Scatchard analysis of binding data indicated a single class of high-affinity binding sites with a KD of 35 +/- 11 pM and a Bmax of 168 +/- 60 fmol/mg of protein. 125I- @entity1827 binding to retinal particulate preparations was not inhibited by 1 microM concentrations of @entity1943 , @entity12579 , @entity18107 , thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, or insulin. The three endothelin isoforms, @entity1827 , -2, and -3, had similar affinity for the receptor. Cross-linking of 125I- @entity1827 to retinal particulate preparations with @entity17672 resulted in the labeling of two bands with apparent molecular masses of 52 and 34 kDa. We have established a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for @entity1827 . The concentration of IR- @entity1827 in @entity35 retina was 35 +/- 10 fmol/g wet weight. The demonstration of specific high-affinity ETB receptors and the presence of IR- @entity1827 suggest that the peptide may act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the retina.

title: Identification and characterization of endothelin receptor subtype B in XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity17672 :: ('MESH:C019358', 'Chemical') :: ['disuccinimidyl suberate']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity18107 :: ('25105(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity418 lymph node @entity3 is one of the most important factors of prognosis. This prospective study evaluated the incidence and extent of lymph node @entity3 , and assessed the relationship between the depth of @entity5 invasion and lymph node @entity3 in @entity418 . METHODS: Between 1985 and 1996, tissue samples from 112 @entity1 undergoing radical esophagectomy and gastric substitution for @entity957 of the intrathoracic esophagus were collected. @entity1 with distant organ @entity3 were excluded. All specimens were evaluated and sent for histopathologic examination. RESULTS: In 108 @entity1 and four @entity1 with a mean age of 63.1 years, the average number of dissected lymph nodes in one surgical procedure, was 30 per @entity1 . The most commonly involved nodes were the periesophageal (42.9%) and the perigastric (42.9%) nodes, followed by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (23.8%) and thoracic paratracheal (22.2%) nodes. For @entity5 in the upper third of the esophagus, the most frequently involved nodal groups were the periesophageal (28.6%) and the paratracheal (28.6%) nodes, followed by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (21.4%) the deep cervical (21.4%), and the perigastric (21.4%) nodes. For @entity5 in the middle third of the esophagus, the periesophageal nodes (27.3%) were most commonly involved, followed by the perigastric (18.2%) and the subcarina (10.6%) nodes. For @entity5 in the lower third of the esophagus, the perigastric lymph nodes (37.5%) were the most common nodal metastatic site, followed by the celiac (18.8%) and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (18.2%) nodes. Depth of @entity5 invasion was also found to correlate significantly with lymph node @entity3 (p = 0.0015). CONCLUSIONS: Wide lymph node @entity3 between the neck and the upper abdomen occurs frequently in @entity957 of the esophagus. For potentially curable @entity418 , en-bloc esophagectomy with complete locoregional lymph node dissection may provide favorable local control of the lesion and more accurate @entity5 staging.

title: Lymph node XXXX in @entity957 of the intrathoracic esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinomas', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: While the peripheral branch of dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) can successfully regenerate after injury, lesioned central branch axons fail to regrow across the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ), the interface between the dorsal root and the spinal cord. This lack of regeneration is due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult sensory axons and the growth-inhibitory environment at the DREZ, which is similar to that found in the @entity66 after a central nervous system (CNS) injury. We hypothesized that transduction of adult DRG neurons using adeno-associated virus (AAV) to express a constitutively-active form of the GTPase @entity20191 (caRheb) will increase their intrinsic growth potential after a dorsal root crush. Additionally, we posited that if we combined that approach with digestion of upregulated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) at the DREZ with @entity9764 ABC (ChABC), we would promote regeneration of sensory axons across the DREZ into the spinal cord. We first assessed if this strategy promotes neuritic growth in an in vitro model of the @entity66 containing CSPG. ChABC allowed for some regeneration across the once potently inhibitory substrate. Combining ChABC treatment with expression of caRheb in DRG significantly improved this growth. We then determined if this combination strategy also enhanced regeneration through the DREZ after dorsal root crush in adult @entity35 in vivo. After unilaterally crushing C4-T1 dorsal roots, we injected @entity21481 -caRheb or @entity21481 -GFP into the ipsilateral C5-C8 DRGs. ChABC or PBS was injected into the ipsilateral dorsal horn at C5-C8 to digest CSPG, for a total of four animal groups (caRheb + ChABC, caRheb + PBS, GFP + ChABC, GFP + PBS). Regeneration was rarely observed in PBS-treated animals, whereas short-distance regrowth across the DREZ was observed in ChABC-treated animals. No difference in axon number or length between the ChABC groups was observed, which may be related to intraganglionic @entity32 induced by the injection. ChABC-mediated regeneration is functional, as stimulation of ipsilateral median and ulnar nerves induced neuronal @entity1639 expression in deafferented dorsal horn in both ChABC groups. Interestingly, caRheb + ChABC animals had significantly more @entity1639 (+) nuclei indicating that caRheb expression in DRGs promoted functional synaptogenesis of their axons that regenerated beyond a ChABC-treated DREZ.

title: Expressing Constitutively Active @entity20191 in Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Enhances the Integration of Sensory Axons that Regenerate Across a XXXX -Treated Dorsal Root Entry Zone Following Dorsal Root Crush.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar']

entities_list: @entity9764 :: ('2588', 'Gene') :: ['chondroitinase']

answer: @entity9764 :: (2588,Gene) :: ['Chondroitinase']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe ten years of experience with @entity4794 . METHOD: All cases with @entity4794 from January 1991 to 2001 were analized. RESULTS: 16 @entity1 with @entity4794 were found, mean age 3 +/- 3.08 years. TYPES OF OBSTRUCTIONS: Mitral commisures combined with tendinous cords fusion (45%), @entity339 %, supravalvar @entity339 in one, fusion between papillary muscle and leaflets in one, and double mitral orifice in one. Hemodynamic (in mmHg) findings: wedge pressure 18.4 +/- 4, pulmonary artery systolic 61 +/- 21, diastolic 34 +/- 15, mean 47 +/- 18 mmHg, mean transvalvar gradient (MTG) 12.9 +/- 7.3, PRU 5.5 +/- 3.8. Four @entity1 received medical treatment. Surgical results: Six @entity1 underwent mitral repair, and four were subjected to mitral valve replacement (two with previous mitral repair). Global mortality was 2 (12.5%). Follow-up was 3.5 +/- 3 years. There was a significant difference when the initial MTG 22.6 +/- 11.5 mmHg before surgical repair was compared with the final MTG 4.75 +/- 1.5 (P < 0.05), also when initial MTG 12 +/- 2.3 before mitral valve replacement was compared with the final MTG 6 +/- 1.15 mmHg (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 are candidates for mitral surgical repair, however at mid term one third will require mitral valve replacement.

title: [ XXXX . Experience in 1991-2001].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['parachute mitral valve 37', 'mitral ring']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['congenital mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['Congenital mitral stenosis']


abstract: Seventy young adults (50 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and 20 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) (from a geographically derived cohort of @entity1 with juvenile onset @entity29 were interviewed and examined at a mean of 14 (range 5.2-29.5) years after diagnosis. Details of education and employment were collected as part of a structured clinical interview. Although 57% had had periods of absence from school of two months or more, their school examination pass rates were similar to those of the healthy population. The achievements of @entity30 @entity1 were consistently better than those of the @entity31 group. In 15 @entity1 , relapses of @entity29 had adversely affected examination performance or prevented them from sitting school examinations. Extra tuition in hospital had been provided for only four @entity1 , and three others had had privately arranged tuition at home. Fifty per cent proceeded to full time higher education. At the time of review, seven @entity1 were full time students, one was a university research fellow, 47 were in full time and three in part time employment, one was self employed, four were housewives, and only six were involuntarily unemployed. All four unemployed @entity30 @entity1 attributed this to @entity29 , but other factors were relevant in the unemployed @entity31 @entity1 . Few had direct evidence of rejection by employers on health grounds, though some did not declare their illness to prospective employers.

title: Morbidity of juvenile onset XXXX : effects on education and employment in early adult life.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: AIM: To assess the determinants and prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 in the @entity1723 Complications Study. METHODS: Standardized questionnaire data were obtained and anthropometric and biochemical measurements performed on 3159 Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 , randomly selected from 31 @entity6 clinics. Plasma lipid levels were determined centrally, using enzymatic methods RESULTS: Plasma total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), and HDL subfractions were higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 , while plasma @entity1674 were higher in @entity1 (P < 0.001). Total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and HDL-C and HDL-C subfractions were, as expected, significantly associated with age and HbA1c in both sexes. Age and @entity4051 c adjusted values of @entity412 , total @entity165 , LDL-C, HDL-C and @entity9478 -C in @entity1 and @entity412 and @entity9477 -C in @entity1 showed significant associations with @entity1144 , measured as the waist to hip ratio (WHR). Current smokers had lipid profiles characteristic of insulin resistance in comparison to nonsmokers. Significant positive associations were observed between @entity101 and plasma @entity1674 , total @entity165 and LDL-C in @entity1 and @entity1 . In @entity1 , degree of physical activity was negatively associated with @entity412 and positively related to HDL-C and @entity9478 -C. The prevalence of LDL-hypercholesterolaemia (LDL-C > 3.35 mmol/L) was 45% in @entity1 and in @entity1 , while plasma @entity412 levels > 1.7 mmol/L were observed in 12% of @entity1 and 8% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that lipid levels in Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 are strongly influenced by smoking habit and @entity1144 in a way that is characteristic of the @entity1720 .

title: Factors associated with plasma lipids and lipoproteins in @entity6 : the XXXX Complications Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['EURODIAB IDDM']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['EURODIAB IDDM']


abstract: @entity522 / @entity522 , a member of the Ced-3-family of @entity462 proteases, is an important mediator of programmed cell death (apoptosis). @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a unique @entity5 that grows intraductally with rare stromal invasion. However, it is not possible to distinguish noninvasive from invasive @entity5 preoperatively. To examine whether @entity522 expression reflects the biological behavior of @entity788 , we investigated this enzyme expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in 22 @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) and 13 @entity5 cases. @entity522 mRNA was overexpressed in @entity1124 and @entity5 with @entity189 when compared with normal pancreatic tissue or @entity5 with @entity652 . The immunoreactivity of this enzyme was predominantly found in the cytoplasm of invasive @entity5 ( @entity1124 and invasive @entity5 ). There was a significant correlation between the cytoplasmic staining and malignant grade of the @entity5 . In contrast, the nuclear expression of this enzyme was significantly higher in noninvasive than in invasive @entity5 (p = 0.0015). Cytoplasmic expression of @entity522 may be related to the invasiveness of @entity788 . In contrast, nuclear expression of this enzyme may reflect the benign biological behavior of @entity5 .

title: The pattern of XXXX / @entity522 expression reflects the biological behavior of the human @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDC', 'pancreatic duct cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor of the pancreas', 'IPMT', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity522 :: (836,Gene) :: ['CPP32']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ) the therapeutical choice is surgery. In @entity1 with high surgical and anesthetic risks, ultrasound-guided laser ablation (LTA) of @entity3243 has been reported to reduce @entity461 ( @entity461 ) hypersecretion without relevant side effects. No data are available from @entity1 followed for >6 months. We report our 3-year follow-up experience with LTA in 3 @entity1 affected by @entity459 due to a @entity3243 . METHODS: LTA was performed under color-Doppler ultrasound guidance with a continuous pulse at 2 W (total treatment duration: 300 s in each session; total energy: 1,200 J in two sessions). RESULTS: In the first @entity1 who refused to undergo the second LTA session, @entity460 , @entity461 levels and parathyroid lesion volume showed a slight reduction, returning to baseline values in a month. In the second @entity1 , no modification of parathyroid lesion was obtained even if @entity460 levels temporarily normalized. In the third @entity1 , LTA led to normalization of @entity460 and @entity461 levels and to a 99% reduction of parathyroid volume. CONCLUSION: After LTA procedures the long-term disease remission of @entity459 is achievable in a minority of @entity1 . Data from larger samples are needed to verify the usefulness of this procedure.

title: Ultrasound-guided laser thermal ablation for XXXX : analysis of three cases with a three-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['pHPT', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid tumor']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenomas']


abstract: Insulin has been postulated to play a role in the pathophysiology of essential @entity101 via an antinatriuretic action. To further explain the sodium insulin interaction in the kidney, we studied effects of different salt intakes on @entity8683 binding and mRNA levels in tissues from @entity35 maintained on 0.07%, 0.3%, or 7.5% @entity1219 for 14 days. Scatchard analysis of competition data from in situ autoradiography studies resulted in curvilinear profiles, indicating the presence of either two classes of receptors or a single class of receptors with a negative cooperative hormone-receptor interaction. When data were analyzed using the two-site model, binding capacity of the high-affinity receptor site was significantly less in high-salt-fed @entity35 . No significant differences between dietary groups were observed in apparent dissociation constants of the two receptor sites or in maximal binding capacity of the low-affinity, high-capacity site. Analysis of insulin binding to glomeruli, cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla indicated that the high-salt diet was associated with decreased receptor density in all regions studied. @entity8683 mRNA, as quantified by Northern and slot blot analysis, was inversely related to salt intake in absence of a change in plasma @entity413 , insulin, and @entity2819 levels. Both 7.2- and 9.4-kb transcripts were similarly affected by dietary @entity1372 content. Plasma @entity3449 concentration and renal @entity3449 mRNA levels were decreased but blood pressure was not affected by high-salt diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of dietary sodium chloride on @entity8683 number and mRNA levels in XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity8683 :: ('24954(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin receptor', 'insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous anterior abdominal ultrasound guidance for performing celiac plexus neurolysis is a relatively new but more economical, less time-consuming, more comfortable bedside technique for interventional @entity158 management. Paucity of studies evaluating the efficacy of single-site vs. double-site injections at celiac trunk for ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis (USCPN) prompted us to conduct a prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical trial to compare USCPN using bilateral paramedian (double needle) technique with unilateral paramedian (single needle) technique. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 aged 18 years or older with unresectable @entity5 were randomized into two groups to receive USCPN. A 20-mL mixture of 50% @entity1068 with 0.25% @entity1341 was injected either unilaterally (20 mL 1 site) or bilaterally (10 mL 2 sites) depending on the randomization group. Subjects were assessed for the @entity158 relief using Numerical rating scale (NRS) to assess their @entity158 relief. RESULTS: Baseline parameters being comparable (P > 0.05), the site of drug injections (single or double needle) had no bearing on the onset of @entity158 relief and @entity1 satisfaction scores (P > 0.05). @entity158 relief during follow-up visits was comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). The discomfort score correlated well with the @entity158 relief scoring without any significant difference between the two groups except in the last visit (at 3 month). Incidences of the complications were comparable in the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis using unilateral paramedian (single needle) needle-insertion technique is comparable with bilateral paramedian (double needle) needle-insertion technique with regard to @entity158 relief and side effects.

title: Bedside ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis in upper @entity5 XXXX : a randomized, prospective study for comparison of percutaneous bilateral paramedian vs. unilateral paramedian needle-insertion technique.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['upper abdominal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity726 is one of the most important civilization diseases and leads to irreversible @entity1939 . Inspite of many years of research, the causes of this disorder remain unclear. This disease is extremely difficult to diagnose because its primary phase is asymptomatic. After laborious research it has been discovered that metalloproteinases, i.e. proteolytic enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of many kinds of @entity726 , are crucial in @entity726 diagnosis. The overexpression of matrixins leads to degradation of extracellular matrix components, which results in eye tissue injury and changes of tissue properties. @entity2383 occurring in this way are one of the many key reasons for progressive @entity1781 . The presence of altered expressions of @entity3334 and their tissue inhibitors @entity16617 in the @entity735 paves new ways for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1538 . The detection of polymorphisms and mutations in genes encoding these enzymes will allow qualifying a @entity1 to a risk group and @entity1 who are already ill may be treated by regulation of metalloproteinases activity. This review focuses on the presence and function of metalloproteinases in @entity1538 and on treatment possibilities through MMP regulation.

title: [Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): modern molecular markers of XXXX diagnosis and therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eye']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Structural disorders']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: @entity263 is an important public health problem. Chemoprevention offers an attractive solution because it may lead to decreased disease-specific mortality. Furthermore, because many @entity1 are treated radically for @entity263 that pose little or no threat to life, chemoprevention may also provide an excellent strategy for diminishing treatment-related costs and adverse effects such as @entity323 . The @entity263 Prevention Trial was a 7-year randomized study of @entity585 versus placebo among @entity1 aged older than 55 years. All @entity1 were intended to have a prostate biopsy at study conclusion. At trial's end, there was a 25% reduction in period prevalence in all @entity263 (24.4% for placebo vs 18.4% for @entity585 ). This represents a 6% absolute risk reduction. A larger number of higher-grade @entity5 were noted among @entity1 randomized to @entity585 , which post hoc analyses and studies suggest are almost certainly related to previously unrecognized biases in trial design. There continues to be great debate as to the clinical significance of the @entity5 prevented. It is our opinion that among @entity1 who warrant @entity10831 inhibitors (5ARIs) as part of their @entity1067 regimen, @entity5 prevention should be recognized as an additional benefit of treatment. Furthermore, @entity1 with high risk of clinically significant @entity263 , such as significant family history, abnormal prostate biopsy histologies, and African descent, should be made aware of these findings. @entity1 with significant @entity263 should also be made aware of the risks and benefits of this therapy. Additional trials of antiestrogens, micronutrients, and other 5ARIs, which will mature over the next 2 to 5 years, will better define the role of 5ARIs in @entity263 chemoprevention.

title: Should @entity585 be used to prevent XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile and urinary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'Prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer', 'anxiety or concern about prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Alfred Hospital is a referral centre for @entity39 soft tissue infections (NSTIs) in the state of Victoria and receives around 20 such @entity1 each year. We sought to compare our practice and outcomes against published data, and to examine management at referring hospitals to determine whether adjustments to current practices are required. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of @entity1 admitted to the Alfred Hospital between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2010 with a diagnosis of @entity39 was conducted. Demographic, etiologic, treatment and outcome data were collected and analysed. RESULTS: Two hundred and nineteen @entity1 were identified with a mean age of 54.76 years and a preponderance of @entity1 (63.47%). The overall mortality rate for the @entity1 group was 15.98%. More than 80% of @entity1 were transferred from another facility. Nearly 40% of @entity1 did not undergo surgical debridement within 24 h of presentation to a hospital and 30.6% were not debrided prior to transfer. @entity1 underwent a median of three procedures at the Alfred Hospital and the majority of @entity1 required admission to the intensive care unit (68.95%). CONCLUSION: NSTIs remain a surgical emergency with high rates of mortality and resource requirements. The mortality rate at our institution compares well with other published series. Many @entity1 experienced delays before undergoing debridement and in many cases were transferred without debridement. The trend towards transferring NSTI @entity1 to centres accustomed to treating burns and @entity130 seems logical, but should not delay life-saving surgical debridement. Timing of transfer does not seem to affect mortality.

title: Are we getting XXXX soft tissue infections right? A 10-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major trauma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis', 'necrotizing']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotizing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is frequently used to diagnose and stage @entity153 ( @entity153 ). However, the value of FOB in diagnosis/staging @entity153 presenting as a pulmonary nodule or mass (PNM) is controversial. Since chest CT is usually obtained in these @entity1 , it may be used in @entity1 selection for preoperative FOB. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the role of chest CT in determining the predictive value of FOB in diagnosing/staging a PNM, by comparing the results of CT and bronchoscopy. DESIGN: Retrospective review of chest CTs and medical records. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 with @entity153 between 1992 and 1994 who had diagnostic FOB and CT in our institution, but without radiographic evidence of (1) @entity2 or narrowing of the central airways, and (3) the PNM abutting the central airways. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 met the selection criteria. The size of the PNM ranged from 1.5 to 10 cm; the size was < or = 4 cm in 62 @entity1 . FOB provided a diagnosis in 22 @entity1 . Bronchoscopy detected endobronchial lesions in 11 @entity1 (17%); 3 had lesions in more than one lobe. In three @entity1 , the PNM was <3 cm. The radiographically undetected @entity5 increased the @entity5 stage in only two @entity1 . The "CT bronchus" sign had a positive and negative predictive value of 75% and 68%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: (1) In this study, CT failed to detect @entity5 in 11 of 64 @entity1 (17%). Because of the implications of a new staging system, more studies are necessary before abandoning staging FOB. (2) The CT bronchus sign has a very high positive and negative predictive value in the use of diagnostic FOB and should be used to guide the method of biopsy of a PNM.

title: Can chest CT decrease the use of preoperative bronchoscopy in the evaluation of suspected XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atelectasis, (2) endobronchial tumor']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endobronchial tumor']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define the features and course of @entity31024 , a rare @entity9957 resulting from impaired release of granulocytes from bone marrow. METHODS: The clinical features, granulocyte function, lymphocyte function, and response to @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) of two @entity1 (mother/son) with @entity31024 were studied. This experience and 14 previous reports lead to a composite description of @entity31024 . RESULTS: Both @entity1 had @entity4752 , recurrent @entity358 , bone marrow consistent with @entity31024 , @entity7893 , and elevated endogenous @entity1261 . @entity1 15 had normal granulocyte function, a rise in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) with @entity1425 and @entity701 , and normal numbers of T- and B-lymphocytes; she also had numerous warts during childhood. Both @entity1 experienced a transient increase in ANC with @entity281 , a significant increase in ANC within 5 hours following a single dose of @entity1261 , and fewer infections with daily @entity1261 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on 16 cases, @entity31024 occurs more often in females and frequently affects multiple members of a family. The usual number of circulating granulocytes is low although function is normal. Mature marrow granulocytes are mobilized with @entity281 , @entity288 , @entity1425 , @entity1261 , and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). Lymphocyte number is normal but lymphocyte function is abnormal as evidenced by @entity7893 and @entity1083 .

title: Clinical features of @entity31024 and treatment with hematopoietic cytokines: a case report of two XXXX and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['papillomavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4752 :: ('MESH:C535815', 'Disease') :: ['chronic neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity9957 :: ('MESH:C537592', 'Disease') :: ['congenital neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity31024 :: ('MESH:C536697', 'Disease') :: ['myelokathexis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity563 protease inhibitors (serpins) are a family of structurally related proteins that play key roles in the regulation of proteolytic homeostasis. We have isolated a novel intracellular serpin, termed @entity50241 , from the @entity35 pituitary gland. Northern blot analysis indicated @entity50241 mRNA expression in a range of tissues, including the adrenal gland and the brain. In situ hybridisation histochemistry revealed @entity50241 mRNA expression in specific cell populations in the @entity35 pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas. Based on sequence similarities to other intracellular serpins, we predicted @entity50241 may inhibit the pro-apoptotic @entity563 protease @entity28994 . We confirmed this experimentally by identification of a stable inhibitory complex between @entity28994 and @entity50241 . To determine whether @entity28994 or @entity28994 -related enzymes were expressed in the @entity35 pituitary gland, we performed PCR using primers predicted to amplify @entity28994 and two other published granzyme sequences. We identified @entity35 natural killer protease-1 ( @entity28994 ), the @entity35 homologue of @entity28994 , and a novel putative @entity563 protease highly similar to @entity28994 ( @entity28994 ), which we termed GLP IIIa. These data suggest @entity50241 may regulate apoptosis in the pituitary by inhibition of @entity28994 or GLP IIIa, or members of the caspase enzyme family which have similar substrate specificity. We have also identified expression of a second serpin, called neuroserpin, in pituitary tissue and found that it alters the morphology of the AtT20 corticotrope cell line, presumably through changes in cell adhesion. These results identify new roles for serpins in pituitary cell function.

title: Characterisation of two XXXX protease inhibitors expressed in the pituitary gland.

entities_list: @entity28994 :: ('171528(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GLP III', 'RNKP-1', 'granzyme-like protein III', 'granzyme B']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine', 'serine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3B is a key enzyme involved in the anti-lipolytic action of insulin in adipocytes. @entity45044 activation results in a reduced output of free @entity1718 (FFA), whereas elevated serum FFA is known to cause insulin resistance. We have recently reported that reduced @entity45044 gene expression is restored by treatment with @entity12098 , in the adipose tissues of @entity28 , insulin-resistant @entity6 KKAy @entity19 . To determine whether the altered @entity45044 gene expression is specific for adipocytes, the expression of this gene in liver and epididymal fat tissues of KKAy @entity19 was examined. The effect of @entity49093 , another peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma ligand, which is different from @entity12585 , was also examined. METHODS: @entity45044 mRNA and protein were quantified by an RNase protection assay and Western blotting respectively. Membrane-bound PDE activities were also measured. RESULTS: In adipose tissues of KKAy @entity19 , @entity45044 mRNA, protein and membrane-bound PDE activity were reduced to 47%, 57% and 51% respectively relative to those in C57BL/6J control @entity19 . @entity49093 increased @entity45044 mRNA, protein and membrane-bound PDE activity by 2.2-, 1.6- and 1.7-fold respectively over those of untreated KKAy @entity19 . In the liver, @entity45044 gene expression remained unchanged in KKAy @entity19 , and was not affected by @entity49093 . @entity49093 reduced the elevated levels of serum insulin, @entity413 , FFA and @entity412 in KKAy @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity45044 gene expression was specifically reduced in the adipose tissues of KKAy @entity19 . @entity49093 restored this reduced gene expression with an accompanying improvement in elevated serum FFA and insulin resistance.

title: Adipocyte-specific reduction of phosphodiesterase 3B gene expression and its restoration by @entity49093 in the @entity28 , XXXX KKAy @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) is an inherited @entity5714 with @entity31499 . Recent studies have shown that increased levels of reticulocytosis during infancy are associated with increased hospitalizations for @entity3458 sequelae as well as cerebrovascular pathologies. In this study, @entity6660 ( @entity6660 ) measured prior to transfusion were analysed among a cohort of 29 pediatric @entity3458 @entity1 receiving @entity102 ( @entity102 ) for primary and secondary @entity64 prevention. A cross-sectional flow cytometric analysis of the reticulocyte phenotype was also performed. Mean duration of @entity102 was 3.1    2.6 years. Fifteen subjects with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) -vasculopathy had significantly higher mean @entity6660 prior to initiating @entity102 compared to 14 subjects without @entity455 (427.6    109.0 K/ l vs. 324.8    109.2 K/ l, p<0.05). No significant differences in hemoglobin or percentage sickle hemoglobin (HbS) were noted between the two groups at baseline. Reticulocyte phenotyping further demonstrated that the percentages of circulating immature [ @entity4210 (+), @entity8282 (+)] reticulocytes positively correlated with @entity6660 in both groups. During the first year of @entity102 , neither group had significant reductions in @entity6660 . Among this group of @entity1 with @entity3458 , cerebrovasculopathy on MRA at initiation of @entity102 was associated with @entity31499 , which was not reduced after 12 months of transfusions.

title: Examination of Reticulocytosis among Chronically Transfused @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['MRA-vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['Sickle cell anemia', 'SCA']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic transfusion therapy', 'CTT']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['absolute reticulocyte counts', 'ARC']

entities_list: @entity31499 :: ('MESH:D045262', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory reticulocytosis', 'increased reticulocytosis']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['Sickle Cell Anemia']


abstract: The endogenous @entity4756 exhibit a range of properties which may be relevant in the pathophysiology of @entity565 . Their effects on the airways seem to be modulated by a variety of lung peptidases, including @entity2282 ( @entity2282 ). In order to evaluate the potential role of endogenous @entity2282 activity in modulating @entity4756 -induced bronchoconstriction in @entity1 in vivo, six @entity1097 @entity1 , with a mean FEV1 value of 3.38 +/- 0.76 l, and a @entity112 PD20 mean value of 0.024 mg, were studied. The influence of inhaled @entity10743 (a potent @entity2282 inhibitor) was examined against the NKA-induced @entity5143 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. Changes in airway calibre were followed as FEV1 and agonists responsiveness expressed as PD20 and PD15 for @entity112 and NKA respectively. @entity1 received nebulized @entity10743 @entity11929 (10(-5) M) or a control solution 10 min prior to the bronchoprovocation test with NKA. No significant difference was noticed between any of the study days and after inhaled @entity10743 on baseline FEV1 values (3.29 +/- 0.90 l) in comparison with the control solution (3.31 +/- 0.79 l). Inhaled NKA produced a dose-dependent fall in FEV1 values in all the subjects studied with a mean PD15 value of 20.91 x 10(-9) mol. @entity10743 administered by inhalation elicited a significant (P < 0.01 vs baseline and control solution) potentiation in the airway responsiveness to inhaled NKA, the NKA PD15 value decreasing to 9.45 x 10(-9) mol. The present study confirms that inhaled NKA induces a dose-related bronchoconstriction in @entity748 @entity1 and demonstrates that inhaled @entity10743 potentiates NKA-induced bronchoconstriction.

title: Inhibition of XXXX potentiates bronchoconstriction induced by neurokinin A in @entity748 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2282 :: ('4311', 'Gene') :: ['NEP', 'neutral endopeptidase']

entities_list: @entity10743 :: ('MESH:C008890', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphoramidon', 'phosphoramidon']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinins']

entities_list: @entity11929 :: ('CHEBI:26714', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salt']

answer: @entity2282 :: (4311,Gene) :: ['neutral endopeptidase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the incidence and outcome of @entity1985 in @entity1 who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a single center. METHODS: Records of 279 adult @entity1 with @entity1503 who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were analyzed to evaluate the incidence and outcome of @entity1985 . The diagnosis of @entity2132 was based on clinical evidence with histological confirmation whenever possible. RESULTS: Of the 279 @entity1 , 105 with a minimum follow-up of 100 days developed @entity2132 : six of these had @entity1985 . The cumulative incidence of @entity1985 was 8% at day +1,681. @entity1 grafted with peripheral blood stem cells had a higher probability of developing @entity1985 than did those grafted with bone marrow: 24% and 3%, respectively. The pathological diagnosis was @entity631 in four @entity1 , and @entity1987 in one; the diagnosis could not be histologically confirmed in the sixth @entity1 . All @entity1 had extensive @entity2132 and were receiving treatment with @entity205 and @entity230 (four @entity1 ). Response to immunosuppressive therapy with @entity205 and @entity230 was achieved in all @entity1 at a median time of 12 weeks after transplantation. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity2132 may be considered to be at risk of @entity1985 : careful monitoring of renal function is advisable, particularly in @entity1 receiving allogeneic peripheral stem cell grafts.

title: XXXX after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a late complication of @entity2132 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological diseases']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['Nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: Chronic constipation accounts for 3% to 5% of pediatric primary care outpatient visits. The most severely affected of this group develop a flaccid colon insensitive to distention, and @entity2464 . Laxatives and lubricants have been the standard therapeutic agents during the bowel decompression phase of encopretic therapy. Fiber has been the cornerstone of maintenance programs. Each of these agents is accompanied by considerable @entity148 in the lay literature. This study evaluates the safety of combined high-fiber, laxative, and lubricant therapy on bowel movement frequency, fecal soiling, and nutritional status over a 6-month period. Blood chemistry values, dietary fiber intake, defecation pattern, and psychological profile were evaluated before and after the 6-month study. Biochemical and anthropometric indicators of nutritional status were not adversely affected by the therapy. Seventy-five percent of the @entity1 were able to remain free of soiling and the remaining 4 of 16 had soiling episodes reduced to a frequency of less than once a week. This study confirms that @entity1 with @entity2464 can respond to a combined program of increased fiber intake, laxatives, and mineral oil following a complete bowel cleanout, without experiencing deleterious effects.

title: Is combination therapy for XXXX nutritionally safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2464 :: ('MESH:D004688', 'Disease') :: ['encopresis']

answer: @entity2464 :: (MESH:D004688,Disease) :: ['encopresis']


abstract: High dose gradients are inherent to ion beam therapy. This results in high sensitivity to discrepancies between planned and delivered dose distributions. Therefore an accurate knowledge of the ion stopping power of the traversed tissue is critical. One proposed method to ensure high quality dose deposition is to measure the stopping power by ion radiography. Although the idea of imaging with highly energetic ions is more than forty years old, there is a lack of simple detectors suitable for this purpose. In this study the performance of an amorphous @entity6619 flat-panel detector, originally designed for photon imaging, was investigated for quantitative @entity505 ion radiography and tomography. The flat-panel detector was exploited to measure the water equivalent thickness (WET) and water equivalent path length (WEPL) of a phantom at the @entity34 ( @entity34 ). To do so, the ambiguous correlation of detector signal to particle energy was overcome by active or passive variation of @entity505 ion beam energy and measurement of the signal-to-beam energy correlation. The active method enables one to determine the WET of the imaged object with an uncertainty of 0.5  mm WET. For tomographic WEPL measurements the passive method was exploited resulting in an accuracy of 0.01 WEPL. The developed imaging technique presents a method to measure the two-dimensional maps of WET and WEPL of phantoms with a simple and commercially available detector. High spatial resolution of 0.8   0.8  mm(2) is given by the detector design. In the future this powerful tool will be used to evaluate the performance of the treatment planning algorithm by studying WET uncertainties.

title: Quantitative XXXX ion beam radiography and tomography with a flat-panel detector.

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center', 'HIT']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether response shift (a change in the self-perceived meaning of health-related quality of life [HRQL]) was present in a model of physical function over time poststroke. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of a longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Community. @entity1 : A consecutive sample of @entity64 survivors (N=677) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months poststroke was included. Sixty-seven individuals were approached, but refused. Sixty-seven percent completed the study at 12 months. Mean age was 68 years; 45% of the @entity1 were @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Euroqol, @entity64 Impact Scale, Preference-Based @entity64 Index, and the Health Utilities Index. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling was used to identify response shift. A chi-square difference test between constrained and unconstrained longitudinal models suggested the presence of response shift in the data. Reprioritization response shift, a change in relative importance of domains, was observed for physical activites. Recalibration response shift, a change in internal standards of measurement, was observed in physical activities, stairs, walking, and hand function. CONCLUSIONS: Response shift has implications for the measurement of change in physical function. Measures that focus on difficulty in task performance may be sensitive to response shift, resulting in a change in perceived HRQL over time. This has implications for choosing self-perceived or performance-based measures to detect change in physical function.

title: Health-related quality of life after XXXX : does response shift occur in self-perceived physical function?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Evaluation of functional outcome over the course of several weeks after @entity63 is a key component in improving the clinical relevance of experimental @entity64 studies. Using a battery of behavioral tests, we characterized functional outcome in @entity19 over 4 weeks following 30min of proximal @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). We evaluated rotarod, chimney, pole and cylinder tests to assess short term functional deficits in a transient @entity64 model which induces @entity1188 mainly in the striatum. The corner test, adhesive removal test, cylinder test, catwalk, paw preference test and novel tests of rotation were evaluated for long-term functional outcome. Rotarod detected deficits within the first week and pole test was reliable up to intermediate time points after @entity2500 . Corner test, adhesive removal test, catwalk and paw preference test detected deficits for up to 4 weeks, as did the novel @entity717 and bowl tests. Chimney and cylinder test did not prove useful in our model of mild @entity64 . In summary, we established the pole test and rotarod as useful tools to evaluate sensory motor deficits early after mild @entity64 , and corner test and adhesive removal test at later time-points. Alternatively, @entity717 may be a suitable test of long-term function. Test batteries may be further complemented by catwalk and paw preference test for clinically relevant deficits. There was no correlation of behavioral outcome with lesion size at 28 days, and determining whether these tests are useful for detecting a potential benefit of neuroprotective or regenerative therapies requires further testing.

title: Characterization of long-term functional outcome in a XXXX model of mild brain ischemia.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAo']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['corner rotation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: AIM: To determine the hospital frequency, identify the risks factors and evaluate the mortality of the early @entity260 . @entity1 AND METHODS: It was about a prospective study done from January first to May 31st 2006. All @entity1 from 0 to 15 years old operated in settled or urgent surgery and follow in the service were concerned of this study. RESULT: We brought together 47 cases of complication in 40 @entity1 on a total of 631 @entity1 operated in five months. The average age of our @entity1 was of 51.9 months +/- 47.4. The average period of hospital stay was of 4.3 days +/-3.12. A germ was found in the pus in 13 @entity1 . A lung opaqueness was found in three @entity1 's and a germ was present in the urine in 3 also. The average period of appearance of complications was of 7.7 days +/-1.3. The infection of the operating site occupied 2.5%, evisceration 1.1%, haematoma 0.9%, digestive fistula 0.3% and postoperative occlusion 0.15%. The death rate was 1.9%. CONCLUSION: The type of surgery, the mode of recruitment, the duration and conditions of the hospital stay were the factors of the @entity260 .

title: [Early XXXX at the Pediatric Service of the Gabriel Tour   University Hospital Center].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the validity of power Doppler ultrasound imaging to identify @entity603 , using histopathology as gold standard, and to assess the performance of ultrasound equipments. METHODS: 44 synovial sites in small and large joints, bursae and tendon sheaths were depicted with ultrasound. A synovial biopsy was performed on the site depicted and a synovial sample was taken for histopathological evaluation. The performance of three ultrasound devices was tested using flow phantoms. RESULTS: A positive Doppler signal was detected in 29 of 35 (83%) of the @entity1 with active histological @entity32 . In eight additional samples, histological examination showed other pathological synovial findings and a Doppler signal was detected in five of them. No significant correlation was found between the amount of Doppler signal and histological @entity603 score (r = 0.239, p = NS). The amount of subsynovial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and surface fibrin correlated significantly with the amount of power Doppler signal: r = 0.397 (p<0.01) and 0.328 (p<0.05), respectively. The ultrasound devices differed in showing the smallest detectable flow. CONCLUSIONS: A negative Doppler signal does not exclude the possibility of @entity603 . A positive Doppler signal in the synovium is an indicator of an active @entity32 in @entity1 . A Doppler signal does not correlate with the extent of the @entity32 and it can also be seen in other synovial reactions. It is important that the quality measurements of ultrasound devices are reported, because the results should be evaluated against the quality of the device used.

title: Power Doppler ultrasonography and XXXX : correlating ultrasound imaging with histopathological findings and evaluating the performance of ultrasound equipments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'synovial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis']


abstract: Danish @entity2 @entity1 diagnosed during 1983-1987 experienced 5-yr relative survival rates 2-7% inferior to @entity1 in the other Nordic countries, despite the similarity of @entity5 registration and healthcare systems in the Nordic countries. Is the inferior relative survival in Denmark due to differences in morphology or stage of @entity2 ? The present study compared in detail the survival of 92,719 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 during 1978-1992 in Denmark, Finland, and Norway. In particular, differences in morphology and extent of disease were studied. A poor survival rate for small cell anaplastic lung @entity189 compared with all other morphologies was confirmed. However, this could not explain the relative survival differences observed between countries. Extent of disease was the most important predictor of survival. Part of the observed survival differences could be explained by a less favourable stage distribution in Denmark, combined with a slightly lower relative survival rate for those with @entity3 . Differences in treatment are unlikely to explain the findings, although delays in diagnosing and treating @entity1 in Denmark compared with neighbouring countries could partially explain the lower @entity1 survival in Denmark. In conclusion, the main factor in the lower survival rate in Denmark is unfavourable stage distribution.

title: Do morphology and stage explain the XXXX survival in Denmark?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['inferior lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Severe @entity221 with @entity882 (SFTS) caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), a novel phlebovirus belonging to the family Bunyaviridae, was reported in China for the first time in 2009. We observed two cases where the SFTSV was isolated for the first time in Nagasaki, Japan, in 2005. Two males in their 60s, a farmer and a hunter, respectively, living in Nagasaki developed SFTS during the same period. The @entity1 developed similar clinical symptoms and signs, such as @entity221 , @entity909 , and multiple organ dysfunction. The farmer died and the hunter survived. A retrospective diagnosis of SFTS was made in 2013, and genetic analysis revealed that the @entity1 were infected with different SFTSV strains. Retrospective analysis of cytokine production in non-fatal case revealed @entity650 , @entity687 and interferon-y level of acute phase was low and could be potential prognostic factors. As there are no epidemiological studies of positive rate of SFTSV antibody in @entity1 living in endemic areas in Japan, a field study was performed. Volunteers at high risk for tick bites, such as hunters, farmers, and soldiers, were recruited in 6 regions, including the areas where the SFTS cases occurred. Three hundred and twenty six volunteers in Nagasaki prefecture were examined and none of these tested positive for the SFTSV antibody. Our data indicates that the risk for @entity778 is not high in Nagasaki prefecture. Further collection of blood samples from endemic areas is warranted for the prevention of @entity778 .

title: The world first two cases of severe @entity221 with XXXX : An epidemiological study in Nagasaki, Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['SFTSV infection']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia syndrome']


abstract: Central @entity1211 are a frequent complication in hemodialysis @entity1 . These lesions lead to fistula @entity715 , arm swelling, and limit future vascular access. Stenoses are characterized by excellent initial response to transluminal angioplasty but rapid recurrence. Response to angioplasty allows classification of stenoses as elastic or nonelastic. The success of angioplasty alone in 30 @entity1 with central @entity1211 was compared to angioplasty and Wallstent placement in 11 @entity1 with recurrent stenoses. In those who had angioplasty alone, 7%+ failed angioplasty, 70% had > or = 50% improvement in the luminal diameter while 23% showed no improvement due to @entity75 . Subsequently, 81% of those with a successful result restenosed at an average of 7.6 months while 100% of @entity75 occluded in an average of 2.9 months. In the 10 @entity1 who underwent angioplasty and Wallstent placement, 5 were due to @entity75 with four recurrences at a mean of 8.6 months. Four of five @entity1 (80%) stented with nonelastic lesions had reappearance of symptoms at a mean of 4.2 months. We conclude that vascular stents should be reserved for those lesions that show elastic recoil after standard angioplasty.

title: Correction of central XXXX : use of angioplasty and vascular Wallstents.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous stenoses']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['elastic lesions']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous stenoses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed this phase III study to determine whether the addition of 3 months of oral @entity2879 in non-progressing @entity1 with extensive @entity151 ( @entity151 ) treated with four cycles of @entity2879 plus @entity1260 plus @entity900 ( @entity3549 ) improves progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with extensive @entity151 with a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) > or =50, adequate renal function and bone marrow reserve were eligible. @entity1 with CNS @entity3 were eligible and received concurrent whole-brain radiotherapy. All @entity1 received @entity2879 75 mg/m2, @entity1260 1.2 g/m2 and @entity900 20 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1-4 every 3 weeks for four cycles. Non-progressing @entity1 were randomized to oral @entity2879 50 mg/m2 for 21 consecutive days every 4 weeks for three courses versus no further therapy until progression. RESULTS: From September 1993 to June 1998, 233 @entity1 were entered and treated with @entity3549 with 144 non-progressing @entity1 subsequently randomized to oral @entity2879 (n = 72) or observation (n = 72). Minimum follow up for all @entity1 is 2 years. @entity137 with oral @entity2879 was mild. There was an improvement in median PFS favoring the maintenance arm of 8.23 versus 6.5 months (P = 0.0018). There was a trend towards an improvement in median (12.2 versus 11.2 months), 1-year (51.4% versus 40.3%), 2-year (16.7% versus 6.9%) and 3-year (9.1% versus 1.9%) survival (P = 0.0704) favoring the maintenance arm. CONCLUSIONS: Three months of oral @entity2879 in non-progressing @entity1 with extensive @entity151 was associated with a significant improvement in PFS and a trend towards improved overall survival.

title: Maintenance daily oral @entity2879 versus no further therapy following induction chemotherapy with @entity2879 plus @entity1260 plus XXXX in extensive @entity151 : a Hoosier Oncology Group randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity2876 is the most frequent cause of chronic @entity1448 in @entity1 . When left untreated, this condition leads to death from @entity7752 within the first 2 yr of life. The modern therapeutic approach consists of a sequential strategy with Kasai portoenterostomy as a first step and, in case of failure, liver transplantation. After portoenterostomy, no more than 20% to 30% of @entity1 will live @entity1087 -free into adulthood. Illness in another third will be palliated, and these @entity1 have extended survival, delaying liver transplantation to later childhood (2 to 15 yr). The remaining 30% to 40% will not benefit from the Kasai operation and will die of @entity1578 in infancy. The annual need of liver transplantation for @entity2876 is one case per million @entity1 . This indication represents 35% to 67% of the reported series of pediatric liver transplantation and between 5% and 10% of the indications for liver transplantation, all ages included. Approximately four of five @entity1 transplanted for @entity2876 will become long-term survivors with good physical and mental development; recurrence of the disease after transplantation has not been observed. Because most candidates are young @entity1 (< 3 yr) of small size (< 10 kg), there is a shortage of size-matched donors (which has been alleviated by the use of innovative techniques such as reduced and split livers). The resulting redistribution of the adult donor liver pool is ethically justified by the equal quality of the results after transplantation of a full-size or partial graft.

title: Sequential treatment of XXXX with Kasai portoenterostomy and liver transplantation: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['liver insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary atresia', 'biliary atresia']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']