abstract: BACKGROUND: The reported frequency of @entity64 after coronary artery bypass grafting varies between 1.5% and 6%, approaches 10% after @entity886 , and may occur in between 40 to 70% in high-risk groups. Clinically silent @entity1188 may be far more frequent and could contribute to long-term @entity73 in @entity1 after cardiac procedures. Using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging we document the occurrence, vascular distribution, and procedural @entity734 of silent @entity1188 after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We also document the association of preexisting @entity62 with new @entity2806 . METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 underwent T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging before and after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting, @entity886 , and mitral valve repair or replacement surgery. Images were evaluated by experienced neuroradiologists for number, size, and vascular distribution of lesions. RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 was 67 +/- 15 years. Imaging occurred before and 6 +/- 2 days after surgery. New @entity385 were evident in 6 of 34 @entity1 (18%), were often multiple, and in 67% of @entity1 were clinically silent. The occurrence of new @entity1188 by surgical procedure was as follows: @entity886 (2 of 6), coronary artery bypass grafting and @entity886 (3 of 8), @entity886 with root replacement (1 of 1), coronary artery bypass grafting and mitral valve repair or replacement (0 of 4), mitral valve repair or replacement (0 of 2), and isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (0 of 13). New @entity1188 occurred in 6 of 15 (40%) of all procedures involving @entity886 . The severity of preexisting @entity62 trended toward predicting the occurrence of new lesions (p = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion-weighted imaging reveals new @entity385 in nearly 40% of @entity1 after @entity886 .

title: Clinically silent cerebral ischemic events after cardiac surgery: their incidence, regional vascular occurrence, and procedural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: Cryo-transmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate the phase behavior and aggregate structure in dilute aqueous mixtures of @entity23209 ( @entity23210 ) and @entity968 -phospholipids ( @entity970 -lipids). It is shown that @entity970 -lipids (micelle-forming lipids) induce a lamellar phase in mixtures with @entity23210 (inverted hexagonal forming lipid). The amount of @entity970 -lipid that is needed to induce a pure dispersed lamellar phase, at physiological conditions, depends on the size of the @entity970 headgroup. In the transition region between the inverted hexagonal phase and the lamellar phase, particles with dense inner textures are formed. It is proposed that these aggregates constitute dispersed cubic phase particles. Above bilayer saturating concentration of @entity970 -lipid, small disks and spherical micelles are formed. The stability of @entity23210 / @entity970 -lipid liposomes, prepared at high pH, against a rapid drop of the pH was also investigated. It is shown that the density of @entity970 -lipid in the membrane, sufficient to prevent @entity1423 and subsequent phase transition, depends on the size of the @entity970 headgroup. Below a certain density of @entity970 -lipid, aggregation and phase transition occurs, but the processes involved proceed relatively slow, over the time scale of weeks. This allows detailed studies of the aggregate structure during membrane fusion.

title: Phase behavior and aggregate structure in mixtures of @entity23209 and XXXX -lipids.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['liposome aggregation']

entities_list: @entity23209 :: ('MESH:C094877', 'Chemical') :: ['dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']


abstract: The fungus, @entity3218 , produces a persistent @entity281 . Reactivation histoplasmosis is largely a result of impaired immunity, but the perturbations associated with escape of the fungus from host defenses remain ill-defined. We analyzed a @entity19 model of reactivation to elucidate the host defects that permit reactivation. C57BL/6 @entity19 were infected intranasally and, 42 days later, they were depleted of @entity1961 (+) and CD8(+) cells. Elimination of these cells, but not either alone, produced a persistent @entity281 over several weeks. Neutralization of @entity60 , @entity637 , or both did not induce reactivation. Endogenous @entity1618 exacerbated reactivation. Depletion of T cells in B cell(-/-) @entity19 induced a markedly higher burden in organs when compared with wild type. However, the @entity281 remained persistent. Elimination of @entity1961 (+) cells alone or neutralization of cytokines increased the fungal load. The persistent @entity281 was not dependent on gammadelta T cells or NK cells. Elimination of @entity3512 (+) cells in @entity19 given mAb to @entity1961 and CD8 transformed reactivation into a progressive, lethal @entity281 in B cell(-/-) and wild-type @entity19 , but the tempo of progression was accelerated in the former. The data reveal the complex control by the host to prevent reactivation of this fungus.

title: B cells and XXXX -CD8- T cells are key regulators of the severity of reactivation histoplasmosis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens on mammographic breast density. STUDY DESIGN: Mammographic density was recorded in @entity1 participating in a population-based screening program. At first mammogram, all @entity1 were non-users of HRT, and thereafter reported continuous use of the same HRT regimen. The study population comprised 158 @entity1 : a total of 52 @entity1 were using continuous combined HRT (conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 0.625 mg plus @entity11796 5 mg); 51 @entity1 were using low-dose oral @entity172 alone ( @entity11111 2 mg daily); and 55 @entity1 were using unopposed transdermal @entity172 given as a patch ( @entity53 50 micrograms/24 h). Films were coded and analyzed for mammographic density by an independent radiologist blinded to treatments. Mammographic density was classified according to Wolfe. RESULTS: An increase in mammographic density was much more common among @entity1 taking continuous combined HRT (40%) than for those using oral low-dose @entity172 (6%) and transdermal (2%) treatment. The increase in density was already apparent at the first visit after starting HRT. During long-term follow-up, there was very little change in mammographic status. CONCLUSION: HRT regimens were shown to have different effects on the normal breast. There is an urgent need to clarify the biological nature and significance of a change in mammographic density during treatment and, in particular, its relation to symptoms and @entity0 risk.

title: Mammographic breast density during hormone replacement therapy: effects of continuous combination, unopposed transdermal and low-potency XXXX regimens.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: This paper examines how Rabbinic and communal authorities participated in treatment decisions made by a group of strictly orthodox haredi Jews with @entity0 living in London. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five haredi @entity0 @entity1 . The transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Demographic and personal data were collected using structured questionnaires. All @entity1 sought Rabbinic involvement, with four seeking rulings concerning religious rituals and treatment options. @entity1 ' motivations were to ensure their actions accorded with Jewish law and hence God's will. By delegating treatment decisions, decision-making became easier and @entity1 could avoid guilt and blame. They could actively participate in the process by choosing which Rabbi to approach, by providing personal information and by stating their preferences. Attitudes towards Rabbinic involvement were occasionally conflicted. This was related to the understanding that Rabbinic rulings were binding, and occasional doubts that their situation would be correctly interpreted. Three @entity1 consulted the community's 'culture broker' for medical referrals and non-binding advice concerning treatment. Those who consulted the culture broker had to transcend social norms restricting unnecessary contact between @entity1 and @entity1 . Hence, some @entity1 described talking to him as uncomfortable. Other concerns related to confidentiality. By consulting Rabbinic authorities, haredi @entity5 @entity1 participated in a socially sanctioned method of decision-making continuous with their religious values. Imposing meaning on their illness in this way may be associated with positive psychological adjustment. Rabbinic and communal figures may endorse therapeutic recommendations and make religious and cultural issues comprehensible to clinicians, and as such healthcare practitioners may benefit from this involvement.

title: Involvement of Rabbinic and communal authorities in decision-making by haredi Jews in the UK with XXXX : an interpretative phenomenological analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Objective. To evaluate the association between @entity6 and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) controlled for several sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, in a representative sample of the Spanish population. Methods. A population-based, cross-sectional, and cluster sampling study, with the entire Spanish population as the target population. Five thousand and forty-seven @entity1 (2162/2885 @entity1 / @entity1 ) answered the HRQOL short form 12-questionnaire (SF-12). The physical (PCS-12) and the mental component summary (MCS-12) scores were assessed. Subjects were divided into four groups according to @entity1735 metabolism status: normal, @entity5710 , unknown @entity6 (UNKDM), and known @entity6 (KDM). Logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results. Mean PCS-12/MCS-12 values were 50.9    8.5/ 47.6    10.2, respectively. @entity1 had higher scores than @entity1 in both PCS-12 (51.8    7.2 versus 50.3    9.2; P < 0.001) and MCS-12 (50.2    8.5 versus 45.5    10.8; P < 0.001). Increasing age and @entity28 were associated with a poorer PCS-12 score. In @entity1 lower PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores were associated with a higher level of @entity413 @entity209 ( @entity5710 and @entity6 ), (P < 0.0001 for trend), but only the PCS-12 score was associated with altered @entity413 levels in @entity1 (P < 0.001 for trend). The Odds Ratio adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and educational level, for a PCS-12 score below the median was 1.62 (CI 95%: 1.2-2.19; P < 0.002) for @entity1 with KDM and 1.75 for @entity1 with KDM (CI 95%: 1.26-2.43; P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion. Current study indicates that increasing levels of altered @entity1735 metabolism are accompanied by a trend towards decreasing quality of life, mainly in @entity1 , in a representative sample of Spanish population.

title: Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life according to XXXX Metabolism Status: A Spanish Population-Based Study (Di@bet.es Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism abnormality']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in quality of life (QOL) and @entity158 in @entity441 -treated Japanese @entity1 with @entity170 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This prospective, postmarketing observational study was conducted at 60 Japanese hospitals from September 2007 to February 2009 and included Japanese @entity1 with @entity170 who were new to standard treatment with @entity441 (60   mg/day). Primary outcome measures (QOL and @entity158 ) were assessed using the Short Form-8 (SF-8), European Quality of Life Instrument (EQ-5D), @entity170 -specific Japanese @entity170 Quality of Life Questionnaire (JOQOL), a visual analogue scale (VAS- @entity158 ), and a @entity158 frequency survey. Assessments were performed at baseline and 8 (except JOQOL) and 24 weeks after first administration of @entity441 . @entity137 were recorded. Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center registration number: JapicCTI-070465. RESULTS: A total of 506 @entity1 , mean (  standard deviation [SD]) age   =   70.7        8.7 years, completed >= 1 follow-up assessment and were included in the analyses. All QOL scores increased from baseline during follow-up. All SF-8 domain scores increased significantly from baseline after 8 and 24 weeks (P   <   0.001). Mean (  SD) EQ-5D scores increased significantly from baseline (0.70        0.17) by 0.05        0.15 after 8 weeks and 0.07        0.17 after 24 weeks (P   <   0.001). The mean (  SD) total JOQOL score increased significantly from baseline (66.8        16.5) by 3.8        11.3 after 24 weeks (P   <   0.001). The percentage of @entity1 with a >= 20   mm reduction in VAS- @entity158 was 32.6% (120/368) and 39.5% (115/291) after 8 and 24 weeks, respectively. The frequency of @entity158 reported by @entity1 decreased after 8 and 24 weeks. Forty adverse drug reactions were reported by 34 @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Limitations include the lack of a control group, the possibility of the changes being due to the natural disease course, and potential selection bias. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that standard treatment with @entity441 improves QOL and relieves @entity158 in Japanese @entity1 with @entity170 in a real-world clinical setting.

title: Quality of life in XXXX -treated Japanese @entity1 with @entity170 : a prospective, postmarketing observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity441 :: (MESH:D020849,Chemical) :: ['raloxifene']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the iStent Trabecular Micro-bypass Stent in @entity1 undergoing concurrent @entity231 and @entity726 surgery. METHODS: Prospective, 24-month, uncontrolled, multicenter, multicountry evaluation of 58 @entity1 with uncontrolled primary @entity1538 (including pseudoexfoliation and pigmentary) and @entity231 . @entity1 underwent clear cornea phacoemulsification followed by ab interno gonioscopically guided implantation of the iStent. Of the 48 per protocol population, 42 @entity1 completed 12 months of the 24-month study, and their data are included in this interim analysis. RESULTS: At baseline, mean (+/-SD) intraocular pressure (IOP) was 21.7+/-3.98 mmHg. At 12 months, mean IOP was reduced to 17.4+/-2.99 mmHg, a mean IOP reduction of 4.4+/-4.54 mmHg (p<0.001, 18.3%). At baseline, @entity1 were taking a mean 1.6+/-0.8 medications. By 12 months, the mean number of medications was reduced to 0.4+/-0.62 (p<0.001). Half the @entity1 achieved an IOP < or =18 mmHg and were able to discontinue @entity551 medication by the 12-month visit. The most commonly reported device-related adverse events were the appearance of stent @entity735 (6 eyes). None of the adverse events were deemed serious. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing concurrent @entity231 and @entity726 surgery, the iStent was safe and efficacious for the reduction of IOP and medication therapy.

title: Coexistent primary @entity1538 and XXXX : interim analysis of a trabecular micro-bypass stent and concurrent @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['lumen obstruction (7 eyes) and stent malposition']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The third most common @entity174 in @entity1 are @entity174 of the orbit, and the medial wall and floor are the commonest sites affected. The aetiology, clinical presentation, and timing of operation all differ from those of adults. If there are few or no clinical signs, but oculocardiac reflex is present, it is highly suggestive of @entity130 . This retrospective study includes all consecutive @entity1 (younger than 18 years) referred with confirmed @entity174 of the orbital floor over a 5-year period (2005-2010). A total of 24 @entity1 were identified with a mean age of 13.5 years, and most injuries were secondary to falls. @entity130 to the orbital floor occurred in 14 (58%); the rest involved other @entity174 of the orbital wall or face, or both. There were 11 trapdoor @entity174 (46%), and 9 open @entity8924 (38%). Overall, @entity390 and @entity391 occurred in 13 @entity1 (54%); 8 of these had trapdoor @entity174 . Most @entity1 had operations (22, 92%), and the mean time to operation was 4 days. Complications increased with delays to theatre. Those operated on within 1 day had fewer complications than those who had operations after 3 days. Postoperatively, @entity892 (n=6/11) and restricted eye movement (n=3/11) were associated with @entity130 , while enophthalmos (n=1/9) and paraesthesia (n=3/9) were related to open @entity8924 . To reduce compromised outcomes, prompt operation is warranted in all @entity1 with @entity174 of the orbital floor regardless of the configuration.

title: @entity8924 in XXXX : a review of outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['blow-out fractures']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated injury', 'trapdoor injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity21 have a high prevalence for associated @entity73 . However, the exact pattern of @entity73 and its relationship to individual basal ganglia lesion have rarely been investigated by means of a detailed neuropsychological and lesion study. Furthermore, different mechanisms have been proposed as relevant for the observed @entity73 ; among these, the hypothesis of @entity6124 (Alexander et al., 1986) has made predictions regarding the relationship between the damage of particular striato-frontal circuits and the resulting behavioural impairment which await clinical confirmation. We present a study of two subjects who suffered a MRI-documented focal left basal ganglia @entity1410 . The two @entity1 differed in their lesions; in one @entity1 (PJ) large parts of the caudate nucleus were destroyed whereas in the other (AS) mainly the pallidum and putamen were lesioned and the caudate suffered only minor damage. In the acute phase, the behavioural and @entity854 were similar in both cases and included mainly abulia, an impairment of executive and attentional functions, and a severe @entity2730 . After several months many functions were restored in AS, whereas PJ's abilities remained largely defective. Based on these data and on previous case studies several conclusions are drawn. Left caudate lesions induce marked and long-lasting behavioural and @entity73 comprising predominantly drive, executive control, attention, and memory. The extent of lesion in the head of the caudate nucleus is the critical factor regarding the severity and the outcome of the syndrome, whereas damage to the putamen and pallidum is less crucial for cognitive functions. A subset of behavioural alterations, among them abulia, attentional and frontal-executive dysfunctions, can well be attributed to lesions of the anterior cingulate circuit and the dorsolateral-frontal circuit at the basal ganglia level. @entity73 , most importantly the prominent @entity2730 , are more difficult to interpret on the grounds of this hypothesis and may be related to other pathomechanisms.

title: @entity21 and the theory of @entity6124 : neuropsychological findings in two XXXX with left caudate lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural impairments', 'Other impairments', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments', 'neuropsychological impairments']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnestic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Basal ganglia lesions']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['fronto-subcortical loops']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Osteoclasis, a minimally invasive technique to rotate the radius and ulna, is used commonly to correct forearm @entity717 in @entity1 . The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate objectively @entity446 in @entity1 treated with osteoclasis, with specific attention given to the risk for nonunion. METHODS: We identified 69 extremities in 65 @entity1 treated with osteoclasis and performed retrospective chart and radiographic reviews to evaluate the time to union of the radius and ulna and factors influencing healing. RESULTS: The average rotational correction was 90 degrees. Twenty-one ulnas had either delayed union or nonunion. Forty-eight of the forearms healed in less than 3 months. Factors correlated with a significantly decreased union rate included increased @entity1 age, percutaneous technique, osteoclasis site in the proximal ulna, and primary diagnoses other than @entity19386 . Preoperative forearm position, magnitude of position correction, and treatment of the periosteum were not associated with changes in union rates. CONCLUSIONS: Forearm osteoclasis has a delayed union rate of 16%. Timely union of the ulna appears to be influenced by both @entity1 -centered factors and surgical technique. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.

title: Ulnar nonunion after osteoclasis for XXXX of the forearm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational deformities']

entities_list: @entity19386 :: ('MESH:C562408', 'Disease') :: ['congenital radioulnar synostosis']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['osteotomy healing']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['rotational deformities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) has been associated with several polymorphisms in genes likely involved in innate immune responses and integrity of epithelial mucosal barrier. A major role in adult @entity30 ( @entity30 ) has been defined for 3 polymorphisms in the @entity6820 gene, whereas variants in the @entity22400 , @entity36901 , and @entity22399 genes could have a minor contribution to @entity29 susceptibility. METHODS: We analyzed a panel of 6 polymorphisms within these genes in 227 Italian early-onset @entity29 @entity1 (134 @entity30 , 93 @entity31 [ @entity31 ]; age at diagnosis <or=18 years) and 166 unaffected control subjects. RESULTS: Each @entity6820 variant was found to be independently associated with @entity30 . After the genotypes at the 3 polymorphisms were combined, 37.3% @entity1 carried at least 1 variant compared with 9.2% control subjects (odds ratio, 5.87; 95% CI 3.11-11.1; P < 0.001). The combined frequency of @entity6820 variants was also higher in @entity31 @entity1 compared with control subjects (14% vs 9.2%), but this difference was not significant. However, @entity6820 variants were associated with earlier onset of @entity31 , and the mutation rate was significantly higher in @entity31 @entity1 with onset at or before 6 years of age compared with control subjects (27.6% vs 9.2%) (odds ratio = 3.76; 95% CI 1.42-9.94; P = 0.01). @entity6820 variants also were associated with ileal @entity30 involvement and a higher rate of extraintestinal manifestations in @entity31 . Allele and genotype frequencies at SLC22A and @entity22399 polymorphisms were not significantly different between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that in the Italian population, the major @entity6820 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to early-onset @entity30 and with ileal involvement and suggest a previously unreported association with very early-onset, severe @entity31 .

title: Relationship between @entity6820 , XXXX /5, and @entity22399 polymorphisms and early-onset @entity29 : an Italian multicentric study.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity22400 :: (6583,Gene) :: ['SLC22A4']


abstract: Ventral mesencephalic anlagen survive following grafting to the striatum of weaver mutant @entity19 and reinnervate the @entity935 -depleted basal ganglia of the recipients. The aim of the present study was to examine the pattern of connectivity established by graft-deriving @entity935 afferents in the host striatum. Grafts were obtained from normal embryos at a gestational age of 14-15 days and implanted into a surgical cavity overlying the dorsal striatum of adult weaver recipients. Tissue was processed for electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using a primary antiserum against @entity669 hydroxylase. At the time of examination, recipient weaver mutants were 8.5 months old and the grafts had survived for 4.5 months. Grafts were found to contain an estimated 100-1000 @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons. @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactive fibres, displaying characteristic varicosities, innervated the dorsal striatum to a depth of 1000 micron. In the non-grafted striatum, 8% of the contacts of @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals were junctional. That proportion contrasted with the corresponding value of normal animals, which is 27%. In the grafted striatum, 29% of the contacts were junctional. That percentage approximated the value found in normal animals. By applying a stereological correction, it can be estimated from those numbers that the true proportion of junctional contacts in the non-grafted striatum of 8.5-month-old mutants may be 26%, whereas that in the grafted side may be 91%, which is close to the normal situation. The majority of contacts in the reinnervated striatum (84%) were made with dendrites and spines. However, the proportion of total axosomatic contacts in the reinnervated striatum was twice as high as that found in the striatum of normal animals, and the proportion of junctional synapses was three times higher than that found normally. We conclude that: (1) in spite of a genetically determined degenerative process, the dorsal neostriatum of weaver mutant @entity19 is receptive to synaptic investment by @entity935 afferents originating in normal donor tissue. (2) In repopulating the denervated weaver striatum, graft-deriving @entity935 afferents display a connectional selectivity, i.e. they establish synaptic relations preferentially with those cellular domains that are normally innervated by @entity935 nerve terminals. In this context, it is possible that @entity935 fibres originating in the grafts invest postsynaptic sites that had either been vacated from the intrinsic @entity935 input or had never received such an input. (3) The striatal connectivity following transplantation may retain features of @entity44 as suggested by t

title: Reinstatement of synaptic connectivity in the striatum of weaver mutant XXXX following transplantation of ventral mesencephalic anlagen.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Mass screening, because of very many potential @entity1 , requires storing and processing a great deal of medical and population information. That is why it should be supported not only by @entity1 resources but by computer techniques as well. The example of a computer science application in medicine is @entity262 ( @entity262 ) which was designed and implemented in the Department of Institute of Mother and @entity1 in Bia  ystok. The aim of this work is to evaluate @entity262 System's effectiveness in mass screening for @entity5 . Population database contains several standard database files (DBF) and indexes. All the data is organized as a relational database. Every data relationship is at least in 1NF (first normal form). Functional dependency holds for the structures of database. Because of great variety of stored data it was essential to design how to enter information and how to combine database files to avoid redundancy. It has particular importance for the special functions of system, for example printing and sending individual invitation for an examination. In addition the system can realize all standard database functions and some statistical analysis. Special attention was paid to the problem of data security which is particularly important for medical information. Thanks to @entity262 system we could realize mass and active screening for @entity5 in Bia  ystok. Without computer techniques it would be impossible to store, process and interpret so much data.

title: [The organization of the database and data flow in mass screening for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Populations Database System', 'PDB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: The regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production has not yet been clearly elucidated. Several cytokines have been shown to be capable of producing megakaryocyte colonies from bone marrow [i.e. @entity2772 , @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), @entity1307 ( @entity1307 )]. In addition, other activities have been reported to stimulate megakaryocyte precursors, yet a @entity26118 ( @entity16968 - @entity2841 ) has not been purified to homogeneity and @entity2772 , @entity2841 and/or @entity1307 often contaminate purification attempts which could account for the activities. A @entity26118 has been isolated from the urine of @entity1 with @entity2150 and purified by sequential ultrafiltration, cation exchange, G-50 chromatography, preparative PAGE, chromatofocusing and cation exchange HPLC. The activity of this material is 2-4 x 10(4) CFU- @entity16968 /mg as measured in a murine marrow, serum-containing assay. This activity also stimulates CFU- @entity16968 in the absence of adherent accessory cells and in serum-free cultures, indicative of the direct stimulation on CFU- @entity16968 . Immunoassays, colony forming assays, and proliferation assays demonstrate that purified @entity16968 - @entity2841 has no @entity2841 , @entity2772 , @entity6824 , @entity1261 or @entity1192 . In confirmation of these results, neutralizing antibody to @entity650 also did not abrogate @entity16968 - @entity2841 activity. Therefore the previously-reported megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity in purified @entity2150 @entity1 urine is due to a unique cytokine: @entity16968 - @entity2841 .

title: XXXX ( @entity26118 ) is a unique cytokine specific for the megakaryocyte lineage.

entities_list: @entity26118 :: ('7066', 'Gene') :: ['Meg-CSF', 'megakaryocyte-CSF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Epo']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity26118 :: (7066,Gene) :: ['Megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: Expression of the @entity3544 protein of the ras oncogene family was studied in a case of @entity1 @entity263 tissue and the cell line was derived from the @entity5 . Flow cytometry analysis of the @entity5 cells obtained from the @entity5 indicated that approximately 25 per cent of the cells were positive for this oncogene product. However, by the immunoperoxidase method almost all of the @entity5 cells at the vertebral metastatic sites in the same @entity1 were positive for the @entity3544 protein. The cell line established from the @entity5 displayed 2 distinct subpopulation growth patterns in vitro: a monolayer, density-inhibited growth and a multicellular aggregate type growth morphology. These 2 subpopulations could be separated by density elutriation centrifugation. The isolated subpopulation cells were noted to express prostatic acid phosphatase and @entity1486 at high frequency. High levels of expression of these 2 prostatic markers also were found in the @entity5 cells at the vertebral metastatic sites. However, when the isolated subpopulations were analyzed for the expression of @entity3544 protein, the multicellular grown cells were almost 90 per cent positive for the @entity3544 antigen, whereas only approximately 5 per cent of the monolayer grown cells were positive for the same protein. Our findings suggest that primary @entity263 are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations of neoplastic cells while only specific subpopulations have metastatic potential. Quantification of prostatic acid phosphatase and @entity1486 in the @entity5 cells probably will not offer a predictive value for the eventual behavior of the @entity5 . However, evaluation of oncogene products, such as the @entity3544 protein, may be useful as a clinical predictor for metastatic potential.

title: Heterogeneous subpopulations of @entity1 @entity263 cells: potential usefulness of XXXX protein as a predictor for bone metastasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity3544 :: (644914,Gene) :: ['P21']


abstract: Factors affecting survival and mortality rate of @entity1 who present with @entity1755 (AAAs) at our community hospital were established in the late 1980s. During the intervening years, there have been many improvements in medical care. This study was conducted to re-examine factors affecting survival to ascertain whether improvements in care processes have led to corresponding improvements in survival. Outcomes of 73 @entity1 who presented with ruptured AAA from 1983 to 1987 were previously reported. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 84 similar @entity1 from 15 subsequent years. Demographic data, preoperative assessments, treatment timings, intraoperative findings, and @entity260 were collected, analyzed, and compared to this institution's previous reported experience. Of 84 @entity1 reviewed, 80% were male. The mean age was 72 years. Overall mortality significantly decreased from past experience (62% compared to 44%, p = 0.03). The mortality rate specifically associated with a free intraperitoneal @entity397 significantly decreased (97% to 63%, p < 0.001) from our previous report, while mortality for those with retroperitoneal @entity397 was relatively unchanged. @entity1 at increased risk in the present series were those aged >70 years and had preoperative hemoglobin of <10, preoperative hematocrit of <28, and an initial emergency department systolic blood pressure of <120 in contrast to @entity1 aged >80 and with hemoglobin of <8 in the previously reported series. @entity1163 , delays in beginning surgical treatment, and amount of @entity190 were not significantly associated with @entity204 as had been reported previously. Type of @entity397 and preoperative hemoglobin were the two factors most significantly associated with @entity204 (p < 0.05 by logistic regression). Despite the improvements in @entity1 care and knowledge of the problem, many @entity1 (44%) still die from ruptured AAAs, and 70% of this mortality occurs during the first 24 hr. Type of @entity397 continues to be an important predictor of mortality, and a large amount of improvement in mortality can be attributed to improvements in treating free intraperitoneal @entity397 . Treating physicians have not gained much control over factors significantly affecting mortality, but a refinement of the known factors affecting survival may help target interventions and tailor @entity1 care. Improved prerupture treatments of @entity439 by elective operations are still essential for reducing fatal outcomes.

title: XXXX : 15 years of continued experience in a southern West Virginia community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['subsequent postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: We have investigated gene amplification of @entity16756 ( @entity16756 ) gene in 30 primary @entity0 samples. Ten percent of the @entity0 showed 2- to 4-fold amplification. Amplification was found more frequently in @entity172 - and @entity1420 -receptor-positive @entity5 and in @entity5 with high lymph-node involvement. @entity0 samples were also analyzed for the amplification of @entity2557 and @entity1722 genes and the chromosome 11q13 located genes @entity10008 / @entity10006 / @entity4910 /sea. @entity1722 gene was amplified 2- to 13-fold in 13% of the cases, but no amplification of @entity10006 / @entity10008 / @entity4910 /sea amplicon was found. @entity5 were also analyzed for the amplification of @entity16756 and @entity2557 genes and for @entity10006 and @entity10008 oncogenes. Eleven of the 15 gynecological @entity5 were @entity43 including 2 @entity5 ; the remainder comprised 1 ovarian metastasis of @entity0 ; 1 @entity1204 and 1 @entity5274 . In gynecological @entity5 , @entity16756 gene was found to be amplified in 2 @entity43 . Amplification of @entity10008 was found in 1 benign @entity43 . Thus, the @entity16756 gene may be involved in @entity5344 .

title: Amplification of XXXX gene in human @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian neoplasms', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer; 1 uterine leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast tumor', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor samples and 15 gynecological tumor']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Gynecological tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16756 :: ('2264', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor-4', 'FGFR4', 'fgfr4']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma of the fallopian tube']

answer: @entity16756 :: (2264,Gene) :: ['fgfr4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed a case-control study to estimate lipid- @entity165 fractions in @entity1 with @entity301 and compared them with population-based controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 635 newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity301 (518 males and 117 females) and 632 subjects (346 males and 286 females) obtained from an ongoing urban @entity301 risk factor epidemiological study were evaluated. Age-specific lipid values (total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, @entity1674 , and total:high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio) were compared using the t-test. Age-adjusted prevalence of @entity2299 as defined by the US National @entity165 Education Program was compared using the Chi-square test. In all the age groups, and in both males and females, levels of total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 were not significantly different. In males, the high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (mg/dl) was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity301 as compared to controls in the age groups 30-39 years (35.1+/-11 v. 43.7+/-9), 40-49 years (39.0+/-10 v. 47.1+/-8), 50-59 years (38.9+/-11 v. 43.8+/-9) and 60-69 years (38.6+/-11, v. 42.8+/-7) (p<0.05). In females, high-density lipoprotein @entity165 was less in the age groups 30-39 years (30.2+/-9 v. 40.7+/-9), 50-59 years (39.7+/-12 v. 44.7+/-8) and 60-69 years (35.6+/-11 v. 42.2+/-9). The level of @entity1674 was significantly higher in male @entity1 in the age groups 40-49 years (195.3+/-96 v. 152.8+/-78), 50-59 years (176.7+/-76 v. 162.9+/-97), 60-69 years (175.5+/-93 v. 148.1+/-65) and >70 years (159.8+/-62 v. 100.0+/-22); and in female @entity1 in the age group 30-39 years (170.8+/-20 v. 149.9+/-9) (p<0.05). The total:high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio was significantly higher in all age groups in male as well as female @entity1 with @entity301 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An age-adjusted case-control comparison showed that the prevalence of @entity101 , @entity6 , high total @entity165 (> or =200 mg/dl) (males 48.8% v. 20.2%; females 59.8% v. 33.4%) and high low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (> or =130 mg/dl) (males 42.1% v. 15.0%; females 52.1% v. 31.0%) was significantly more in cases than in controls. The prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (<35 mg/dl) (males 39.6% v. 6.2%; females 39.3% iv 9.5%), high total:high-density lipoprotein ratio (> or = 5.0) and high @entity1674 (> or =200 mg/ dl: males 39.6%, v. 10.2%; females 17.1% v. 11.9%) was also significantly higher in cases (p<0.05).

title: Lipid abnormalities in XXXX : a population-based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The adequacy of excision of @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) usually is confirmed with specimen mammography and histopathological assessment of specimen margins. Postexcision mammography of the involved breast is used at some centers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of postexcision mammography in @entity3821 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all @entity1 treated for @entity3821 at our institution from 1995 to 1998. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 had postexcision mammography performed. Residual microcalcifications were identified in 16 @entity1 (24%). Further surgery was precluded by precise mammographic-pathological correlation by using sliced-specimen mammography in two @entity1 . Twelve @entity1 had repeat wide excision, and two @entity1 underwent mastectomy. Residual @entity3821 was identified at re-excision in 9 of 14 @entity1 (64%). The margin status of the initial resection was negative in three of nine @entity1 (33%) and positive or unknown in six of nine @entity1 (67%). CONCLUSIONS: Postexcision mammography is a valuable technique that complements specimen mammography and histopathological margin assessment in confirming that an adequate excision of @entity3821 has been performed. Postexcision mammography should be performed in all @entity1 with @entity3821 associated with mammographic calcifications who are treated with breast-conserving therapy.

title: Postexcision mammography is indicated after resection of XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['DCIS', 'ductal carcinoma-in-situ']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma-in-situ']


abstract: Genes of the MAGE family direct the expression of @entity5 antigens recognized on a @entity1 @entity320 by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. Twelve closely related MAGE genes are located in the Xq28 region. These genes share 60-98% @entity377 identity in their coding region. The presence of homologous genes in a region of Xp21.3 has been reported previously. We obtained the complete sequence of a 42-kb stretch of this region. It contains four MAGE-related genes, which we propose to name @entity18748 , B2, B3, and B4 (HGMW-approved symbols @entity18748 , @entity415 , @entity55824 , and @entity55825 ). The coding regions of these genes share 66-81% @entity377 identity and show 45-63% identity with those of the MAGE genes located in Xq28. Like the MAGE genes located in Xq28, the MAGE-B genes are silent in normal tissues with the exception of testis. Like @entity55826 (HGMW-approved symbols @entity6472 , 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12), genes @entity18748 and @entity415 are expressed in a significant fraction of @entity5 of various histological types. The transcription of @entity18748 and @entity415 can be induced by @entity11508 , suggesting that the activation of these genes in @entity5 results from a demethylation process.

title: Two members of the @entity1 MAGEB gene family located in Xp21.3 are expressed in XXXX of various histological origins.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ["5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical modality of plasma cell @entity1271 (PCM). A total of 93 breasts of 91 female @entity1 with PCM from June 2003 to June 2010 (unilateral in 89 @entity1 and bilateral in two @entity1 ) were investigated in this study. All breasts were divided into two groups: the direct excision group (DE group) received focused excision and nipple retraction correction; and the incision drainage group (ID group) received these procedures only in the event of failing at least two incision drainages. Clinical characteristics, extent of excision, and prognosis were compared between two groups. There were 53 breasts in the DE group and 40 breasts in the ID group. No significant differences were noted in the number of retracted nipples and abscesses in the first visit or extent of disease between two groups (P > 0.05). However, during surgery, 3.85    0.97 abscesses per breast were detectable in the ID group, which was significantly higher than 1.21    0.06 abscesses per breast in the DE group. The ID group had significantly higher @entity32 and excised extent compared with the DE group (P < 0.05). Hospitalization time was 179.60    14.8 days in the ID group, which was significantly higher than 22.49    1.93 days in the DE group (P < 0.05). Bacterial culture was negative for pus of 39 nonrupturing abscesses. @entity2341 may be the primary cause of PCM. Early and complete focused excision and nipple retraction correction are effective treatment methods.

title: Clinical characteristics and surgical modality of plasma cell XXXX : analysis of 91 cases.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2341 :: ('MESH:D004370', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital nipple retraction']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiation therapy following resection of a brain metastasis increases the probability of disease control at the surgical site. We analyzed our experience with postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as an alternative to whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), with an emphasis on identifying factors that might predict @entity1504 control and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 through December 2008, who, after surgical resection, underwent SRS to the @entity5 bed, deferring WBRT. Multiple factors were analyzed for time to intracranial recurrence (ICR), whether local recurrence (LR) at the surgical bed or "distant" recurrence (DR) in the brain, for time to WBRT, and for @entity1349 . RESULTS: A total of 49 lesions in 47 @entity1 were treated with postoperative SRS. With median follow-up of 9.3 months (range, 1.1-61.4 months), local control rates at the resection cavity were 85.5% at 1 year and 66.9% at 2 years. @entity1349 rates at 1 and 2 years were 52.5% and 31.7%, respectively. On univariate analysis (preoperative) @entity5 larger than 3.0 cm exhibited a significantly shorter time to LR. At a cutoff of 2.0 cm, @entity5 resulted in significantly shorter times not only for LR but also for DR, ICR, and salvage WBRT. While multivariate Cox regressions showed preoperative size to be significant for times to DR, ICR, and WBRT, in similar multivariate analysis for @entity1349 , only the graded prognostic assessment proved to be significant. However, the number of intracranial @entity3 at presentation was not significantly associated with @entity1349 nor with other outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: Larger @entity5 size was associated with shorter time to recurrence and with shorter time to salvage WBRT; however, @entity5 were not associated with decrements in @entity1349 , suggesting successful salvage. SRS to the @entity5 bed without WBRT is an effective treatment for resected brain @entity3 , achieving local control particularly for @entity5 up to 3.0 cm diameter.

title: Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery without whole-brain radiation therapy for brain @entity3 : potential role of preoperative XXXX size.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The @entity42904 -signaling pathway regulates neuronal positioning during embryonic development. @entity42904 , the extracellular matrix protein missing in reeler mutants, is secreted by neurons in laminae I, II and V, binds to Vldl and @entity35654 receptors on nearby neurons, and @entity4149 phosphorylates the adaptor protein @entity47141 ( @entity47141 ), which activates downstream signaling. We previously reported that reeler and @entity47141 mutants had significantly reduced mechanical and @entity10237 . Here we extend our analysis to chemical, visceral, and @entity158 and importantly, used @entity9830 expression to relate positioning errors in mutant @entity19 dorsal horn to changes in neuronal activity. We found that noxious mechanical stimulation-induced @entity9830 expression is reduced in reeler and @entity47141 laminae I-II, compared to wild-type @entity19 . Additionally, mutants had fewer @entity9830 -immunoreactive neurons in the lateral-reticulated area of the deep dorsal horn than wild-type @entity19 , a finding that correlates with a 50% reduction and subsequent mispositioning of the large @entity47141 -positive cells in the mutant lateral-reticulated area. Furthermore, several of these @entity47141 cells expressed @entity9830 in wild-type @entity19 but rarely in reeler mutants. By contrast, paralleling the behavioral observations, noxious heat stimulation evoked significantly greater @entity9830 expression in laminae I-II of reeler and @entity47141 mutants. We then used the @entity406 test to show that chemical nociception is reduced in reeler and @entity47141 mutants and that there is a corresponding decrease in @entity406 -induced @entity9830 expression. Finally, neither @entity3825 nor cold- @entity158 sensitivity differed between wild-type and mutant @entity19 . As differences in the nociceptor distribution within reeler and @entity47141 mutant dorsal horn were not detected, these differential effects observed on distinct @entity158 modalities suggest that dorsal horn circuits are organized along modality-specific lines.

title: Loss of the XXXX -signaling pathway differentially disrupts heat, mechanical and chemical nociceptive processing.

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity10237 :: ('MESH:D059226', 'Disease') :: ['increased heat nociception']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'cold pain']

answer: @entity42904 :: (19699(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Reelin']


abstract: Cognitive remediation is a promising rehabilitation procedure for @entity1 with @entity161 , but very little is known about who can benefit. In the current analyses, we examined the role of pre-morbid and morbid intellectual function in predicting @entity73 in a sample of 152 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 or @entity914 . They were @entity1 in a trial of work therapy and cognitive remediation and had been randomized to receive either Neurocognitive Enhancement Therapy with Work Therapy (NET+ @entity7097 ) or Work Therapy only ( @entity7097 only). For the current analyses, @entity1 were divided into three intellectual subgroups based on their pattern of premorbid and morbid deficits (preserved intelligence, compromised intelligence, and deteriorated intelligence), and their cognitive remediation outcomes were examined. Cognitive remediation response was measured in two ways: normalization of performance on a computerized training task, and pre-post neuropsychological test performance. Subjects in NET+ @entity7097 showed greater improvement in cognition than those in @entity7097 only, but response differed by intellectual group. For @entity1 in the compromised group, those in NET+ @entity7097 showed a significantly higher proportion of task normalization than those in the @entity7097 only condition, but no such differences were found with the preserved and deteriorated intellectual groups. For @entity1 in the preserved and deteriorated intellectual groups, those in the NET+ @entity7097 condition showed significantly greater improvement in the analysis of pre-post neuropsychological test performance, but this difference was not found in the compromised intellectual group. These findings suggest that the compromised intellectual group, which had the lowest frequency of normal performers at intake, benefited from NET by achieving dramatic increases in normalization, but that they had difficulty in generalizing these gains to untrained tasks. Those in the preserved and deteriorated intellectual groups were more successful in generalizing their training.

title: Impact of intellectual status on response to cognitive task training in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['response to cognitive remediation']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: A 128-gene signature has been proposed to predict outcome in @entity1 with @entity14 . In the present study, we aimed to reproduce and validate the 128-gene signature in external and independent material. METHODS: Gene expression data from the original material were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (n   =   111) in addition to a Danish data set (n   =   37). All @entity1 had @entity5 . A Prediction Analysis of Microarray classifier, based on the 128-gene signature and the original training set of stage I (n   =   65) and stage IV (n   =   76) @entity694 , was reproduced. The @entity5 were subsequently classified as either stage I-like (good prognosis) or stage IV-like (poor prognosis) and assessed by the 36  months cumulative incidence of relapse. RESULTS: In the GEO data set, results were reproducible in stage III, as @entity1 predicted to be stage I-like had a significant lower risk of relapse than @entity1 predicted as stage IV-like (P   =   0.04, Gray test). Results were not reproducible in stage II @entity1 (P   >   0.05, Gray test). In the Danish data set, two of four stage III @entity1 with relapse were correctly predicted as stage IV-like, and the remaining @entity1 were predicted as stage I-like and unclassifiable, respectively. Stage II @entity1 could not be stratified. CONCLUSIONS: The 128-gene signature showed reproducibility in @entity5 , but could not predict recurrence in stage II. Individual @entity1 predictions in an independent Danish material were unsatisfactory. Additional validation in larger cohorts is warranted.

title: Gene expression profiles in XXXX : application of a 128-gene signature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stages II and III colon cancers', 'stage III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['stages II and III colorectal cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stages II and III colon cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe when and how to perform endovascular embolization of aortic branch artery @entity2849 associated with type A and type B intramural @entity1410 (IMH) involving the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta (DeBakey I and III) that increased significantly in size during follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one @entity1 (39 @entity1 ; mean    standard deviation age 66.1    11.2 years) with acute IMH undergoing at least two multidetector computed tomographic examinations during follow-up for 12 months or longer were enrolled. Overall, 48 @entity1 (31 @entity1 , age 65.9    11.5) had type A and type B IMH involving the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta (DeBakey I and III). RESULTS: Among the 48 @entity1 , 26 (54 %; 17 @entity1 , aged 64.3    11.4 years) had 71 aortic branch artery @entity2849 . Overall, during a mean follow-up of 22.1    9.5 months (range 12-42 months), 31 (44 %) @entity2849 disappeared; 22 (31 %) decreased in size; two (3 %) remained stable; and 16 (22 %) increased in size. Among the 16 @entity2849 with increasing size, five of these (three intercostal arteries, one combined intercostobronchial/intercostal arteries, one renal artery), present in five symptomatic @entity1 , had a significant increase in size (thickness >10 mm; width and length >20 mm). These five @entity1 underwent endovascular embolization with coils and/or Amplatzer Vascular Plug. In all @entity1 , complete @entity715 and exclusion of aortic @entity2849 and @entity615 were achieved. CONCLUSION: Aortic branch artery @entity2849 associated with type A and type B IMH involving the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta (DeBakey I and III) may be considered relatively benign lesions. However, a small number may grow in size or extend longitudinally with clinical symptoms during follow-up, and in these cases, endovascular embolization can be an effective and safe procedure.

title: Aortic branch artery XXXX associated with intramural @entity1410 : when and how to do endovascular embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['relief of back pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine a simple model to calculate the number of @entity204 which could be expected in a therapeutic feeding centre from the height, weight and @entity4 of @entity1 on admission. DESIGN: Admission weight, height, presence of @entity4 of the @entity1 and outcome were prospectively recorded. SETTING: Data were recorded in 18 feeding centres set-up during emergency operations in Africa. Ten of the feeding centres were selected, a priori, as reference centres and eight centres as test centres. SUBJECTS: Data for 3858 @entity1 were recorded. 837 @entity1 absconded from the centres and were excluded from the analysis. Analysis was performed on data from 2753 @entity1 who left the centre after recovery and 268 @entity1 who died during treatment. INTERVENTIONS: The relation between the risk of @entity204 and, anthropometric measurements and presence of @entity4 has been determined in a previous paper. The maximum likelihood estimate of the constant of the model was determined from global analysis of the data of the reference centres. The model was applied to the data of the reference and test centres. RESULTS: The model to predict the individual probability of @entity204 was: P( @entity204 ) = 1/(1 + exp[-(20.63 - 9.99 1n(weight/height1.74) + 1.36 @entity4 )]) The predicted number of @entity204 was close to the recorded number of @entity204 for each reference centre. For three of the eight test centres there was a significant excess of observed @entity204 over predicted. CONCLUSION: This model can be easily used by the supervisor of a centre to assess the expected number of @entity204 during treatment of @entity3147 from simple measurements on @entity1 that are routinely taken on admission and thus help to determine the nature of variation in observed mortality rates.

title: A model to standardise mortality of severely malnourished XXXX using nutritional status on admission to therapeutic feeding centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The molecular basis of the @entity455 that contribute to development of @entity101 are an area of active investigation. Studies to date suggest that diminution in eNOS-derived NO production in liver contributes to this process by causing increased intrahepatic resistance. This process seems to be mediated through inhibitory posttranslational regulatory mechanisms of eNOS. @entity2232 signaling is also increased in the intrahepatic vasculature. The mechanisms responsible for increased @entity2232 signaling include increased @entity2232 production and increased ET-A receptor expression, particularly within hepatic stellate cells, although the stimulus responsible for activation of the @entity2232 system remains uncertain. In the splanchnic circulation, increases in eNOS-derived NO contribute to increased portal venous inflow through transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of eNOS. Development of the porto-systemic collateral circulation characteristic of @entity101 occurs through a combination of NO-dependent dilation of preexisting vessels and through growth factor-mediated angiogenesis and @entity2295 (Fig. 3). Further studies in vascular wall biology are continuing to elucidate more clearly the molecular mechanisms of @entity101 . The [figure: see text] mechanism by which eNOS-derived NO production is increased in the splanchnic arteriolar endothelial cell but decreased in the liver endothelial cell and the role of specific ET receptor subtypes in the mechanism of activation of the @entity2232 system and its effect on contractile cells in liver @entity82 are areas that require further investigation. Further studies are needed to determine the intrahepatic site of pressure and perfusion regulation, be it the hepatic sinusoid and its unique, specialized cell types or the endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the hepatic and portal venules. The role of more recently delineated vasoactive pathways such as @entity3662 / @entity47124 and @entity9393 / @entity6510 receptor in @entity101 must be examined. Most importantly, future studies must focus on novel experimental therapies, using pharmacologic and genetic approaches to modulate these vascular biologic systems and thereby to ameliorate complications and symptoms relating to @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity82 .

title: Cellular and molecular basis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular wall abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: @entity1 with generalized @entity3202 , a usually nonlethal form of @entity3202 , have generalized blistering, @entity5806 , @entity3067 , and @entity4500 . @entity19012 in most cases is due to mutations in the gene encoding type XVII collagen ( @entity5858 ). Recently, we reported five Austrian families with generalized @entity3202 who share the same @entity5858 mutation. Affected individuals in three families are homozygous for @entity53198 , whereas those in two others are compound heterozygotes. To determine if the occurrence of @entity53198 in these unrelated families signifies propagation of an ancestral allele or a mutational hot spot, haplotypes were determined for polymorphisms both within and flanking @entity5858 . Five intragenic polymorphisms were chosen based on their informativeness. One of these, not previously reported, was 2988 A or C that introduces a new restriction site for Eco0109 I. All the @entity53198 alleles showed the same haplotype for these five polymorphic markers. Fourteen microsatellite polymorphisms were selected based on their high heterozygosity and their location within 10q23-q25 near @entity5858 . Three families shared microsatellite polymorphisms covering at most 19 cM, whereas the others shared smaller regions consistent with cross-over events during passage of this mutation through several generations. These results indicate that @entity53198 occurs on a single ancestral allele.

title: A deletion mutation in XXXX in five Austrian families with generalized @entity3202 represents propagation of an ancestral allele.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity19012 :: ('MESH:C536183', 'Disease') :: ['Skin fragility']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['junctional epidermolysis bullosa', 'atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['patchy alopecia']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['dental abnormalities']

answer: @entity5858 :: (1308,Gene) :: ['COL17A1']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study compared the effect of immediate versus delayed @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) on peak isometric torque recovery and @entity32 after eccentric exercise (EEX). METHODS: Eighteen skeletally mature New Zealand White @entity95 were instrumented with peroneal nerve cuffs for the stimulation of hindlimb tibialis anterior muscles. After a bout of EEX, @entity95 were randomly assigned to an @entity2850 protocol (0.5 Hz, 10 N, 15 min) that started immediately post-EEX, 48 h post-EXX, or no- @entity2850 control and performed for four consecutive days. A torque-angle (T-  ) relationship was obtained for 21 joint angles pre- and post-EEX and after four consecutive days of @entity2850 or no- @entity2850 . Muscle wet weights and immunohistochemical sections were obtained after final treatments. RESULTS: EEX produced an average 51%    13% decrease in peak isometric torque output. The greatest peak torque recovery occurred with the immediate application of @entity2850 . There were differences in torque recovery between immediate and delayed @entity2850 (P = 0.0012), immediate @entity2850 and control (P < 0.0001), and delayed @entity2850 and control (P = 0.025). Immunohistochemical analysis showed 39.3% and 366.0% differences in the number of RPN3/57 and CD11b-positive cells between immediate (P = 0.71) and delayed @entity2850 (P = 0.12). The area under the T-   curve showed a difference for immediate (P < 0.0001) and delayed (P = 0.0051) @entity2850 as compared with control. Exercise produced an average 10      0.2   rightward shift from preexercise peak isometric torque angle. Control, immediate @entity2850 , and delayed @entity2850 produced an average leftward angular shift from the postexercise angle (P = 0.28, P = 0.03, and P = 0.47, respectively). CONCLUSION: Post-EEX, immediate @entity2850 was more beneficial than delayed @entity2850 in restoring muscle function and in modulating @entity32 . These findings invite similar @entity1 studies to make definitive conclusions on optimal timing of massage-based therapies.

title: Massage timing affects postexercise muscle recovery and XXXX in a @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['massage-like compressive loading', 'MLL']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Circadian clocks are self-sustained biochemical oscillators that autonomously generate a near-24 h cycle in the absence of external signals. The process of synchronization to the environment involves the transcriptional activation of several genes. Photic input signals from the retina are transduced via the retinohypothalamic tract to the central pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. It is known that cells of peripheral organs possess similar molecular organizations, but the signal transductional pathways lack direct light entrainment. It has been assumed that the adaptation of peripheral organs to the SCN phase is achieved by the alternate usage of promoter elements. This question has been addressed by characterizing the signal transductional pathways regulating @entity1 Period-1 gene expression in @entity1 @entity157 cells ( @entity5959 ). Plasmids coding for key modulators of circadian rhythm, @entity16067 , @entity8713 , and @entity19344 were used to analyze the activation of a @entity1 period-1 promoter luciferase ( @entity307 -luc) construct. Beside classical @entity16067 / @entity8713 activation, @entity307 -luc was also inducible by the overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PKA (Calpha). The cotransfection of dominant negative constructs to @entity1639 , @entity10366 , PKA, and @entity6863 were used to characterize both regulatory pathways. It was found that @entity16067 / @entity8713 -mediated @entity307 activation was influenced by @entity1639 , but not significantly by other regulators. Conversely, PKA-induced activation of @entity307 was reduced by the inhibition of @entity10366 and the CCAAT-box binding protein @entity6863 , but not by @entity1639 . The present findings imply that @entity16067 / @entity8713 -mediated activation of @entity307 by @entity1639 and E-Box elements is distinct from peripheral transcriptional modulation via @entity268 -induced @entity10366 and @entity6863 .

title: Activation of @entity1 period-1 by PKA or XXXX / @entity8713 is conferred by separate signal transduction pathways.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity16067 :: (9575,Gene) :: ['CLOCK']


abstract: 1. This study examined whether brain and atrial natriuretic peptides ( @entity3876 , ANP) are secreted together through the coronary sinus from the heart, and whether plasma concentrations of @entity3876 and ANP were affected by ergometric exercise in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . The effects of @entity29274 , a potent @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor, on plasma concentrations of these peptides was also examined. 2. The plasma concentrations of immunoreactive (ir) @entity3876 and ir-ANP in the coronary sinus in seven @entity1 with @entity299 during cardiac catheterization were far greater than values with plasma obtained at the same time from the femoral artery. 3. The plasma concentrations of ir- @entity3876 and ir-ANP increased with exercise and were correlated with each other. Temocapril reduced the blood pressure and slightly (but significantly) decreased the levels of both peptides at rest and during exercise. 4. The results suggest that @entity3876 and ANP were secreted together through the coronary sinus from the heart. The secretion was increased by exercise and suppressed by acute @entity1289 inhibition. The increase in these peptides during exercise may reflect a compensatory mechanism against further elevation of blood pressure.

title: Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides: secretion during exercise in XXXX with essential @entity101 and modulation by acute @entity1289 inhibition.

entities_list: @entity29274 :: ('MESH:C055603', 'Chemical') :: ['temocapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that depressed @entity299 ( @entity4375 ) are associated with early mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity131 of various etiologies. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in HRV and @entity4375 in isolated @entity131 ( @entity131 ), with the hypothesis that measurement of @entity16 can provide prognostic information on late neurological outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity131 , requiring mechanical ventilation, sedation and @entity1337 , and with arterial and intracranial pressure monitoring for at least 1 week, were included. Physiological and treatment variables were collected and power spectral analyses of HRV and @entity4375 analyses in time domain were performed daily. HRV in the high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) domains, as well as LF/HF ratio and total power, were investigated. The power of these variables to predict poor (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended [GOSE] score <5), late (1 y) neurological outcome was assessed. RESULTS: Total power, LF, HF, and @entity4375 were all significantly depressed in @entity1 with GOSE score <5. This difference could not be explained by a more severe @entity1545 at admission or more extensive use of sedative or analgesic drugs. The autonomic variables predicted the late neurological outcome with areas under the receiver-operating curves between 0.78 and 0.83 (sensitivity: 0.63 to 0.88 and specificity: 0.73 to 0.82). CONCLUSIONS: HRV and @entity4375 measures in @entity131 @entity1 during intensive care treatment, including sedative, analgesic, and vasoactive drugs, may identify @entity1 with poor late neurological outcome.

title: Can baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability predict late neurological outcome in XXXX with @entity131 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute brain injuries', 'TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the phytotherapeutic agent, Permixon, on a novel coculture model of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) in an effort to better understand the mode of action of the drug in vivo. METHODS: The effect of Permixon, at the calculated therapeutic concentration, on the activity of @entity10831 isoenzymes was evaluated utilizing a pH-specific assay. @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) secretions into the medium were measured in the presence and absence of Permixon and quantified by an ELISA assay. The morphological patterns before and following Permixon treatment were also examined by electron microscopy. All results were compared to controls. RESULTS: Permixon at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (calculated plasma concentration in @entity1 receiving recommended therapeutic dosage) was shown to be an effective inhibitor of both @entity10831 types I and II isoenzymes without influencing the secretion of @entity1486 by the epithelial cells, even after stimulation with @entity251 . The morphology of @entity56436 -treated cells was found to be markedly different from that of untreated controls. Cells which had been treated with the drug demonstrated extensive accumulation of lipids in the cytoplasm and widespread damage of intracellular membranes, including mitochondrial and nuclear membranes. CONCLUSIONS: Permixon is an effective dual inhibitor of @entity10831 isoenzyme activities in the prostate. Unlike other @entity10831 inhibitors, Permixon induces this effect without interfering with the cells' capacity to secrete @entity1486 , thus permitting the continued use of @entity1486 measurements for @entity263 screening.

title: Serenoa repens (Permixon): a XXXX types I and II inhibitor-new evidence in a coculture model of @entity1067 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity10831 :: (6715,Gene) :: ['5alpha-reductase']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Elevated serum lipase and amylase are often observed in @entity8787 @entity1 ( @entity30 and @entity31 ) without clinical symptoms of a @entity788 . The intention of this prospective study is to evaluate the frequency of elevated serum lipase and amylase with these @entity1 and to try to explain this phenomenon in consideration of the existing literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: 136 @entity8787 @entity1 (MC: 66; CU: 70) participated in this prospective study which lasted 3 months. All @entity1 with increased levels of serum lipase and amylase were prospectively followed-up for another 3 months. RESULTS: We found an asymptomatic elevation of serum lipase and amylase without symptoms of a @entity788 in 14 % of the observed @entity8787 @entity1 . A significance between the elevation of lipase/amylase and the activity index (CDAI,CAI) or the CRP level could not be found. A significant increase of lipase/amylase (more than twice the normal standard) was shown more often in lipase (4.4 %) than in amylase levels (0.7 %). The possible reasons for an asymptomatic increase of lipase/amylase in @entity8787 @entity1 (e. g. latent extra-intestinal involvement of the pancreas in @entity8787 with @entity788 ; extra-pancreatic release of lipase/amylase from the inflammatory bowel; intestinal reabsorption of released lipase/amylase in the inflammatory bowel) are discussed in this text. CONCLUSION: An asymptomatic elevation of lipase/amylase in @entity8787 @entity1 is not infrequent (14 %). The increase of lipase or amylase, without typical symptoms, makes a @entity788 with a required therapy unlikely. A specific @entity788 therapy is not necessary in these cases. The therapy should be guided by the requirements of the @entity8787 therapy.

title: Asymptomatic elevation of serum lipase and amylase in conjunction with @entity30 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: The effects of @entity28 and caloric intake on biliary lipid metabolism were investigated in a series of related studies. The degree of saturation of gallbladder bile with @entity165 was found to be significantly higher in a group of 23 @entity28 healthy subjects than in a group of 23 nonobese controls matched for age, sex, and race. Bile was also significantly more saturated in 11 @entity28 subjects before than after @entity353 . To determine whether supersaturated bile in @entity28 is due to excessive secretion of @entity165 or to deficient secretion of @entity3645 and phospholipids, the hepatic outputs of these three lipids were measured during constant duodenal infusion of formula in the same 11 subjects before and after @entity353 . Weight reduction resulted in significant reduction of @entity165 output but not of @entity6741 or phospholipid output. Moreover, very @entity28 subjects were found to have @entity165 secretion rates markedly higher than less @entity28 subjects previously studied by the same method. In @entity28 subjects, bile was supersaturated with @entity165 despite increased @entity6741 pool sizes and increased secretion rates of @entity3645 and phospholipids. Supersaturated bile in the @entity28 could therefore be attributed to a single defect in lipid secretion, namely, an excessive output of @entity165 . To determine whether the rate of caloric intake can account for the effects of @entity28 on biliary lipid composition and secretion, nine @entity28 white @entity1 were studied on a weight maintenance diet and then during @entity353 on a 1,000 cal diet. As compared to weight maintenance, chronic caloric restriction resulted in reduced outputs of @entity165 , @entity3645 , and phospholipids, reduced @entity6741 pool size, and reduced synthesis and fecal excretion of @entity165 . Saturation of bile with @entity165 did not decrease during @entity353 , evidently because of the mobilization of @entity165 from adipose stores and the marked reduction in @entity6741 and phospholipid output observed during chronic caloric restriction. Acute alterations in caloric infusion rates did not fully reproduce the effects of chronic administration of high and low calorie diets. Likewise, chronic intake of hypercaloric diets by nonobese subjects did not reproduce the @entity165 hypersecretion characteristic of the @entity28 . Thus, increased @entity165 secretion in @entity28 subjects could not be fully explained by the amount of calories they ingested to maintain stable weight. It is concluded that @entity28 is characterized by excessive hepatic secretion of @entity165 which results in supersaturated bile.

title: Effects of XXXX and caloric intake on biliary lipid metabolism in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Six @entity1 with @entity299 (four males, two females; age 27-60 years) were evaluated by us. Four @entity1 presented with @entity712 , while one @entity1 each presented with effort angina and giddiness. Extracardiac clues to the diagnosis in the form of involvement of other systems were present in only two @entity1 . The electrocardiogram was abnormal in four @entity1 while three exhibited roentgenographic evidence of @entity1283 or @entity120 . Echocardiography suggested the diagnosis of @entity2783 in only two @entity1 , @entity296 in two other @entity1 and dilated and @entity1121 in one @entity1 each. Cardiac catheterisation and angiography suggested restrictive @entity299 in four @entity1 and @entity1121 in one. One @entity1 , whose initial haemodynamic study was normal, had features of @entity384 at repeat study after 11 months. Endomyocardial biopsies showed @entity527 in all @entity1 . We emphasise the varied clinical manifestation of @entity299 and the need for a high index of suspicion. The diagnosis can be safely and reliably confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy.

title: XXXX : hemodynamic, echocardiographic and endomyocardial biopsy studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac amyloidosis', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac amyloidosis']


abstract: Effects of @entity3624 (2 mM) and @entity3624 oxidase (10 U/L) perfusion on myocardial function, lipid @entity2625 content, high-energy @entity6546 and their metabolites, and ultrastructure were examined in isolated perfused @entity35 hearts to define the time course of @entity296 due to exogenous supply of active @entity26 species. Peak-developed force and dF/dt showed a decline within 5 min and complete contractile failure was seen at 20 min. Resting @entity2701 was higher at 10 min and reached a maximum value of 400% at 40 min. These changes in contractile parameters were reduced by @entity224 dismutase (1.2 x 10(5) U/L), catalase (2 and 4 X 10(4) U/L), and @entity2656 (10 and 20 mM). Lipid @entity2625 content was significantly higher at 5 min and rose continuously with @entity3624 - @entity3624 oxidase (X-XO) perfusion. A close correlation was noted (r = 0.935) between increased lipid @entity2625 content and a decrease in peak-developed force. @entity1734 and @entity855 ( @entity855 ) showed a time-dependent decrease due to X-XO perfusion. Loss of @entity855 also correlated (r = 0.819) with the contractile failure. @entity857 showed an increase at 5 min followed by a decrease at 20 and 40 min. @entity860 , @entity859 , and @entity908 content increased with X-XO perfusion. In a semiquantitative morphometric study, significant myocardial and vascular changes became apparent only after 10 min of X-XO perfusion. When a 5-min perfusion with X-XO was followed by a control perfusion, a recovery of developed force and normal structure was noted at 40 min. These data show that X-XO induced contractile failure involves partially reduced forms of @entity26 such as @entity224 , @entity3787 radicals, and @entity273 . The negative inotropic effect of a vascular supply of these active @entity26 species may be related to increased lipid peroxidation as well as the loss of high-energy phosphates. @entity75 and blood vessels and a rise in resting @entity2701 were delayed events requiring a continuous and longer exposure to radical species.

title: Time course of structure, function, and metabolic changes due to an exogenous source of @entity26 metabolites in XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Structural damage to myocytes']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity10916 / @entity55 has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under five @entity1 for a long time. @entity10916 control/Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) program have been in progress in the country for more than a decade. There have been recent reports of outbreak of @entity5842 @entity5924 in the country. This study was done to determine the causes of @entity204 and morbidity of under five @entity1 with possible explanations. A cross sectional national survey was conducted between January to December 2003. Twelve out of 64 districts were randomly selected. Survey was conducted in 171,366 households having 820,347 populations covering 90,357 under five @entity1 including 16,193 @entity1 . Data were collected with three sets of forms: screening form, verbal diagnosis form and verbal autopsy form. Consensus was achieved on the diagnosis after analyzing the forms by a group of pediatricians. We also analyzed various reports on childhood morbidity and mortality of Director General of Health Services (DGHS), Bangladesh. @entity10916 / @entity55 was found to be leading cause of under five morbidity and mortality. Most of the @entity55 @entity204 occurred under two years of age and it accounted for 77.5% of @entity204 in the first year of life. Again, @entity1 of 2-6 months of age were found to have 2.6 times higher chance of @entity204 due to @entity55 . The peak age of @entity5924 is 2-6 months. The proportions of @entity55 @entity204 of @entity1 under two years were mostly in winter and spring (64.3%), the peak season of @entity5842 @entity5924 . The cases of @entity5924 were misclassified as @entity55 and @entity204 from @entity5924 have merged with @entity55 @entity204 giving rise to the bulk of @entity10916 / @entity55 @entity204 . The disease entity of @entity5924 deserves its due importance as regards diagnosis, documentation, management and counseling.

title: @entity10916 situation in our country: aren't we oblivious of XXXX in Bangladesh?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis']


abstract: Introduction. Aggressive surgical resection constitutes the optimal treatment for @entity11 . However, the proximity of a @entity5 to eloquent areas requires exact knowledge of its anatomic relationships to functional cortex. The purpose of our study was to evaluate fMRI's accuracy by comparing it to intraoperative cortical stimulation ( @entity8939 ) mapping. Material and Methods. Eighty-seven @entity1 , with presumed @entity11 diagnosis, underwent preoperative fMRI and intraoperative @entity8939 for cortical mapping during @entity5 resection. Findings of fMRI and @entity8939 were considered concordant if the identified cortical centers were less than 5   mm apart. Pre and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale and Spitzer scores were recorded. A postoperative MRI was obtained for assessing the extent of resection. Results. The areas of interest were identified by fMRI and @entity8939 in all @entity1 . The concordance between fMRI and @entity8939 was 91.9% regarding sensory-motor cortex, 100% for visual cortex, and 85.4% for language. Data analysis showed that @entity1 with better functional condition demonstrated higher concordance rates, while there also was a weak association between @entity5 grade and concordance rate. The mean extent of @entity5 resection was 96.7%. Conclusions. Functional MRI is a highly accurate preoperative methodology for sensory-motor mapping. However, in language mapping, @entity8939 remains necessary for accurate localization.

title: Preoperative evaluation with FMRI of XXXX with @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']