abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 is a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell-mediated chronic disease that is characterized by @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) and chronic @entity32 . Several studies suggest co-stimulatory molecules like @entity23918 as potential targets for therapeutic interventions in allergic @entity1030 . Recently, we could show in a @entity19 @entity565 model that administration of an agonistic antibody against the receptor of the co-stimulatory molecule @entity23918 prevented and even reversed an already-established @entity565 phenotype. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of stimulation of the @entity23918 ligand by a monoclonal antibody ( @entity30619 mAb). METHODS: To induce an @entity565 -like phenotype, BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA), followed by an intrapulmonary allergen challenge. Anti- @entity30619 or control mAb were applied 1 day before OVA immunization or after the @entity565 phenotype was already established. RESULTS: Stimulation of the @entity30619 instead of the receptor by @entity30619 mAb prevents the development of an @entity565 -like phenotype but does not reverse @entity66 . While the receptor-mediated effect is partly mediated by anergy of @entity1961 (+) T cells and partly by induction of @entity60 -producing CD8(+) T cells, the effect of the @entity30619 mAb is completely dependent on @entity60 -producing CD8(+) T cells: blockade of @entity60 and depletion of CD8(+) T cells fully abrogated the observed protective effect. In vitro experiments showed that the anti- @entity30619 mAb ligates directly to CD8(+) T cells and induces the generation of @entity60 by this cell population. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that anti- @entity30619 mAb prevents disease development via @entity60 -producing CD8(+) T cells but is inferior to stimulation of the receptor that reverses @entity66 by a mechanism including @entity1961 (+) T cell anergy.

title: @entity23918 ligand prevents the development of T-helper type 2 cell-mediated XXXX by @entity60 -producing CD8+ T cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['established disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['AHR', 'airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this present study was to evaluate the behavior of neonatal @entity35 calvarial osteoblast-like cells cultured on different implant surfaces. MATERIALS: Sandblasted acid-etched (SLA) surfaces of 2 different companies with different alloy properties were used. These were named as SLA-1 and @entity54400 . The osteoblasts behavior were analyzed on sand blasted-acid etched (SLA-1) surface (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), sand blasted-acid etched ( @entity54400 ) surface (Alpha bio, Petach-tikva, Israel), acid-etched surface (Alpha bio), machined surface (Alpha bio). To analyze the effect of @entity702 surfaces on cell proliferation, cell numbers, and cell viability cells were cultured on @entity702 discs for 7 days and measurements were held out at 24 hours and on day 7. Cell proliferation rate was assessed by @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) immunohistochemical technique. Cell morphologies were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The highest number of @entity1603 labeled cells were seen on SLA-1 group at the end of 24 hours. The number of cells was found to be the highest in the acid-etched group on the 7th day, even though there were no significant differences between the groups at the end of 24 hours. Scanning electron microscopy views showed the morphological differences between the groups. Osteoblasts were able to proliferate on all of the tested surfaces, with differences in cell count and DNA synthesis values between the groups. CONCLUSION: Implant surface characteristics may modulate the biological response of osteoblast-like cells depending on the manufacturing techniques and cell culturing procedures.

title: The influence of @entity702 surfaces in cultures of neonatal XXXX calvarial osteoblast-like cells: an immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA: @entity448 nevrosa is mainly observed in young @entity1 in the 15-24 year age range. The incidence is 1 to 2% in the general population of female adolescents. The sex ratio is 9 @entity1 for 1 @entity1 . SYMPTOM TRIAD: Three symptoms @entity448 : @entity353 , @entity448 , @entity2588 . Weight loss results from restrictive eating behavior and not from a @entity1277 . CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS: Diagnosis is clinical and confirmed by an analysis of the underlying psychological conflicts which involve difficulty in accepting the female identity and in assuming self-sufficiency outside the family. The clinician should evaluate the quality of the familial environment, particularly the mother-daughter and father-daughter relationship as well as the social environment (school, friends) which is also needed to apprehend the global situation. Physical examination and laboratory tests are aimed at rapidly eliminating any differential diagnosis and to quantify the @entity353 and its rate, and identify any @entity17304 . ETIOLOGY: @entity448 nevrosa is not a truly structured @entity74 but rather a loss of a stable organization of Self, with a highly vulnerable narcissistic element and precarious @entity6004 . CLINICAL COURSE: The risk of poor outcome is very real, sometimes life threatening. The treatment of choice is to implement analytical management as soon as possible, but outside acute episodes.

title: [ XXXX . Anorexia nervosa in adolescents].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia', 'predominate in anorexia nevrosa', 'anorexia']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic defences']

entities_list: @entity17304 :: ('MESH:D009748', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathological disorder']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['Eating disorders']


abstract: @entity378 of the middle ear is rare; associated @entity693 is even more unusual. This report contains our experience with a one and a half year old @entity1155 @entity1 . He had a poor healing left @entity733 four months prior to admission. Also noted was postprandial vomiting and left sided involuntary movement. On admission spinal tapping was done. Results showed @entity491 , with lymphocytes being predominant, as well as high protein and low @entity413 levels. A cranial CT revealed left @entity2267 , @entity1276 , basal cistern abnormal enhancement and a prominent posterior fossa postcerebellar @entity2841 space. Left radical mastoidectomy was performed. A biopsy showed caseous @entity39 surrounded by epitheloid and Langhan's giant cells. He also received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The gastric and @entity2841 were both positive for tuberculous culture.

title: [ XXXX media, @entity2267 associated with @entity693 : report of one case].

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['postauricular abscess']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retarded']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculous otitis']


abstract: OBJECT: Addressing overdrainage and its associated complications is still one of the greatest challenges for future shunt designs for normal-pressure @entity1276 and @entity5576 . Nevertheless, as evidenced by tap test procedures, a small amount of CSF drainage seems to be enough to relieve @entity1 ' symptoms in most cases and, therefore, in opposition to other types of @entity1276 , continuous CSF drainage may not be absolutely warranted. In such a clinical scenario, intermittent controlled drainage of a small amount of CSF during specific periods of the day through a 2-system pump may provide several advantages over continuous drainage of current single-system shunts. The goal in this study was to design and test an innovative concept of a bicorporal pump composed of a 2-part system. The first component was designed to be implanted in the @entity1 and act as a pump connected to standard catheter tubing. The second component was designed to be used as an external device outside of the body and function as a power supply and control system. Ultimately, flow will only occur when the system is powered by the external device. METHODS: Testing and comparisons were performed to evaluate free fluid flow and the maximal flow after pumping in the standing and supine positions. After this, the authors compared the hydrodynamic effects of 2 different housing systems (2- and 3-in systems). An attenuation test was performed to show the effects of electromagnetic forces at progressively increasing distances. Finally, a biocompatibility report of the raw material used in the pilot design was completed. RESULTS: In the supine position, the effect of pumping was observed to increase the volumetric flow at a rate similar to or higher than that yielded in the free-flow tests. In relation to the attenuation test, it was observed that the volume drops off fairly quickly as the air gap distance was increased until ultimately reaching zero, with approximately 15 mm between the 2 components. In relation to the testing force, the 2-in housing model showed a considerable increase in the required electromagnetic force over the 3-in housing. CONCLUSIONS: The authors successfully designed and tested a new intermittent drainage system through a bicorporal shunt, which provides several advantages over current single-system continuous drainage pumps. According to the authors' benchmark results, the 3-in housing model seems to be a better choice as it requires less force from the external electromagnet control. Moreover, attenuation tests demonstrated that, for proper functioning, the gap distance between the external and implanted devices should not be greater than 15 mm. Such initial benchmark results confirm the feasibility of such innovative design and provide support for future testing of the system in in vivo animal models and in future clinical series.

title: Design and benchmark testing of a bicorporal pump for the treatment of normal-pressure XXXX and @entity5576 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the efficacy and safety of the Dornier @entity20096 9000 lithotripter in the treatment of prevesical @entity1608 using real-time ultrasound monitoring and to see if efficacy is adequately judged by the efficiency quotient (EQ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-six @entity1 underwent ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for prevesical @entity1608 over a period of 43 months. Their age ranged from 8 to 68 (mean 37.6) years, and the male:female ratio was 2.6:1. The size of the stones, measured in two dimensions, ranged from 4 to 25 mm (mean 9.3 mm) and 2 to 15 mm (mean 6.0 mm). No general or regional anesthesia or ureteral stents were used, and all @entity1 were treated in the prone position. The EQ was calculated using the formula: Stone free (%) x 100/(100 + retreatment rate (%) + auxiliary procedures (%). RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 were stone free in a mean time of 15 +/- 14.11 days. The average number of shockwaves used was 2,831 +/- 1,612, and the average number of sessions per @entity1 was 1.7. About 92% of the @entity1 were rendered stone free using in situ SWL alone. No major complication was encountered, and none of the @entity1 required an inpatient stay after SWL. The EQ was 65. Five @entity1 with failed SWL subsequently were rendered stone free, four with salvage ureteroscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy and one with cystolitholapaxy for a symptomatic fragment in the bladder. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: In situ SWL is a safe and effective treatment for prevesical @entity1608 . It should be used as a first-line treatment for most such stones. Efficiency can be assessed objectively by the EQ.

title: Therapeutic efficacy of Dornier XXXX 9000 for prevesical @entity1608 as judged by efficiency quotient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity20096 :: (4352,Gene) :: ['MPL']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Lithuania @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have become routine since 1995. Our study attempted to analyze @entity8 for 5 years in Lithuania. METHODS: We analyzed data of adult @entity1 who underwent native kidney biopsies in 6 renal units in the period between 1995 - 1999. It accounted for 62.5% of all kidney biopsies, done throughout Lithuania. All biopsy specimens were examined by the same pathologist using light- and immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: A total of 316 @entity8 was analyzed; males : females 1.8 : 1. The mean age was 41.4 +/- 16.7 years. The most common indications for biopsy was @entity1985 (29.1%) and @entity1494 (27.8%). After exclusion of inadequate biopsies in the remaining 280 @entity8 , primary @entity631 ( @entity631 ) accounted for 68.7% and secondary @entity631 for 19.5%. The most frequent forms of primary @entity631 and immunoglobulin A @entity8 (17.9% and 15.4%, respectively), followed by @entity8 (7.1%) and @entity628 (6.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The main indication for renal biopsy in Lithuania was @entity1985 , which was followed by isolated @entity1494 . The leading type of @entity8 was primary @entity631 , which was 2.4 times more frequent in males than in females. The most frequent form of primary @entity631 was membranoproliferative @entity631 , with dominance in males. Immunoglobulin A @entity8 was the second form of primary @entity631 according to the frequency.

title: @entity631 is still the most frequent XXXX in Lithuania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'RB', 'membranous nephropathy', 'kidney damage', 'renal biopsies']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'GN were membranoproliferative GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: We previously found that @entity175 (CT), which inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, abolished the cytoplasmic motility of @entity2527 . The transition from motility to immotility was accompanied by a characteristic change in cell shape which coincided with the loss of pseudopodial ruffling activity and gradual cytoplasmic retraction. In this report we used computer-assisted morphometry to quantify the reduction in cytoplasmic spreading induced by @entity1 CT (hCT). Osteoclasts, isolated from neonatal @entity35 long bones, were allowed to spread on a plastic surface for 120 min. The outlines of six osteoclasts were recorded on a time-lapse video recorder. hCT, other hormones, or plasma samples were then added. The outlines of the same six osteoclasts were recorded after incubation, and the area covered by the cells after incubation was calculated as a percentage of the area covered by the same cells before hormone addition. Osteoclastic spreading was reduced by hCT in a dose-dependent manner and was significantly decreased by concentrations of 2 pg/ml and above. High concentrations of PTH and @entity3873 had no effect on osteoclasts. This technique is a sensitive and quantitative assay of hCT concentration which is unaffected by the presence of other @entity460 -regulating hormones likely to be present in plasma.

title: The effect of @entity1 calcitonin on the cytoplasmic spreading of XXXX osteoclasts.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity2527 :: ('MESH:D001862', 'Disease') :: ['isolated osteoclasts']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the @entity5 size for proximal and distant metastases when the new and old @entity2802 classification is taken into account in differentiated @entity259 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred sixty eight @entity1 diagnosed with @entity259 , undergoing bilateral total or subtotal thyroidectomy treated with high doses of I-131 were examined retrospectively. The data of these @entity1 were compared after classification, according to @entity5 size <1 cm and <2 cm, lymph node metastases @entity259 capsule invasion at the time of diagnosis, and accumulation of abnormal activity in post I-131 treatment whole-body scan. I-131 uptakes besides physiological and thyroid bed were considered as abnormal activity uptakes. RESULTS: A total of 268 @entity1 with average age of 19-82 yrs (mean: 47.0  13.8 yrs) were included in the study. At postoperative histopathological evaluation, 228 (85.1%) of @entity1 were reported as papillary, 13 (4.9%) as follicular, 23 (8.6%) as well differentiated @entity5 of unknown malignant potential, 2 (0.7%) as insular and 2 (0.7%) as @entity1358 . In @entity1 with known @entity5 size, 96 of 207 (46.4%) @entity1 ' @entity5 size was <1 cm and in 111 (53.6%) >1 cm. In the same group, according to the revised @entity2802 classification, in 149 of 207 @entity1 (72%) the @entity5 size was <2 cm, whereas in 58 (28%) >2 cm. Of 187 @entity1 with negative lymph nodes, 15 (8%) showed abnormal activity accumulation in the first post I-131 treatment whole-body scan and 10 (40% of 25 @entity1 ) positive lymph node (p<0.05) involvement. CONCLUSION: Since the treatment of @entity1 with @entity7172 is controversial, @entity5 size should not be the only factor considered in @entity1 with differentiated @entity259 Tissue @entity5 invasion, age, gender and multifocality should also be taken into account. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None declared.

title: The Evaluation of @entity7172 in Differentiated @entity259 According to Old and New XXXX Classification.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['H  rthle-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['microcarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid and tumor', 'thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity2802 :: (10178,Gene) :: ['TNM']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ectopic mediastinal @entity3243 as a cause of @entity459 ( @entity459 ) can normally be resected from conventional collar incision. In rare cases with @entity652 deeper in the chest, a transthoracic approach is necessary. @entity1 /METHODS: We report our experience of 19 @entity1 with suspected mediastinal @entity3243 from a total of 1035 @entity1 with @entity459 who were operated on between 1986 and 2000 using an open approach (sternotomy or thoracotomy) or video-assisted mediastinal or thoracoscopic surgery (VAMS/VATS). RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 underwent an open approach with a success rate of 71% (10 of 14). Four @entity1 remained hypercalcaemic. There were four complications in three @entity1 : three permanent recurrent @entity129 , requiring further surgery. VATS was successful in three of four @entity1 with conversion to sternal splitting because of a false-negative frozen section in one @entity1 . Another @entity1 had @entity3243 retrosternally which could not be resected by means of VAMS and had to be excised using a transsternal approach. There were no complications of minimal invasive procedures. All five @entity1 were normocalcaemic after the operation. CONCLUSION: @entity3243 not resectable by means of a collar incision are rare causes of @entity459 and comprise 1.25% of all @entity1 with @entity459 in our series. For these @entity1 , VATS revealed an alternative to conventional open procedures. In questionable cases, however, the collar incision should precede the VATS procedure.

title: Therapy of suspected intrathoracic XXXX . Experiences using open transthoracic approach and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsies and one chylus fistula']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['pHPT', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid adenomas', 'Ectopic parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8124 is currently approved for treatment of @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 ( @entity195 ). However, since cholinergic activity declines as @entity195 progresses, increasing @entity934 levels would be expected to provide benefits in severe @entity195 . The primary objective of this article is to review the recent data demonstrating that @entity1 with advanced @entity195 can benefit from treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor @entity8124 . DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE (PubMed) literature search was performed using the key words " @entity8124 " and "advanced @entity195 ." STUDY SELECTION: The search yielded 13 articles, which were then further screened for the criterion: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two studies were found that met these specific study criteria. In the first study, @entity8124 -treated @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity195 showed significant improvements in cognition and behavior, with preservation of activities of daily living compared with placebo-treated @entity1 . Similar improvements in @entity8124 -treated @entity1 were seen in the second study involving 27 nursing homes. In this study of older @entity1 , @entity8124 treatment significantly improved cognition, function, and agitated and @entity146 . Safety and tolerability findings of these two studies are further assessed. Considerations for drug therapy as well as a case study are presented to illustrate the benefits of @entity8124 treatment in @entity1 with advanced @entity195 . CONCLUSION: . The decision to continue treating severe @entity195 @entity1 with @entity8124 is an opportunity for consultant pharmacists to decrease the burden of caregivers and to maximize a @entity1 's quality of life for as long as possible.

title: XXXX in more advanced @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil', 'Donepezil']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity8124 :: (MESH:C076946,Chemical) :: ['Donepezil']


abstract: Enterotoxigenic @entity2868 was isolated from stool specimens of 8 of 44 diarrheic individuals (ages, 4 months to 69 years). The individuals had watery @entity294 and intestinal cramping; and @entity1 had @entity221 , @entity391 , and blood in the stools. No recognized enteric pathogens were detected in seven of the eight diarrheic individuals positive for enterotoxigenic @entity2868 . The bacterium produced an enterotoxin detectable in concentrated broth that supported bacterial growth. Fifteen adult @entity95 with ligated ceca developed fatal @entity66 following intraileal injection with 5 x 10(9) CFU of enterotoxigenic @entity2868 . Conversely, eight control @entity95 injected with nonenterotoxigenic @entity2868 remained clinically normal. As few as 5 x 10(3) CFU of enterotoxigenic @entity2868 caused fatal @entity66 in the @entity95 model. Disease in @entity95 was characterized by mucoid, often @entity548 , @entity294 . The bacterium colonized the caudal small intestine and the colon of the @entity95 and caused moderate to severe @entity39 . Enterotoxigenic @entity2868 is widespread in the intestinal tract of diarrheic @entity1 and is enteropathogenic in adult @entity95 with ligated ceca. Its possible role in the @entity66 complex merits further study.

title: Isolation of enterotoxigenic XXXX from @entity1 with @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['enteric disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing colitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity2868 :: (817,Species) :: ['Bacteroides fragilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJETIVE: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is an uncommon disorder characterized by @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) occasionally associated with serrated @entity652 (SA) or @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) and defined by clinical criteria (OMS/Cleveland). @entity1412 is heterogeneous regarding the number and size of @entity1127 , and it is associated with colorectal c  ncer ( @entity14 ) and a family history. Its genetic basis is unknow. We describe individuals with @entity1412 criteria from a series of families assessed in our Unit of Genetic Advice for @entity1412 . Our objective is to identify the clinical characteristics of this syndrome. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 197 families with @entity1412 (1998-2011), identifying @entity1 with @entity1412 criteria. To know the number of @entity1127 , we took into account polypectomies and/or the histologic study of surgical samples. @entity1127 were classified into @entity652 , serrated lesiones ( @entity1127 and SA) and @entity1127 . Genetic studies revealed: @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity20701 gene variants ( @entity50474 , @entity50475 and @entity54564 ) and @entity1412 gene. RESULTS: Eighteen individuals, with a median age of 51.1 years, had criteria of @entity1412 (11M/7F). Number of @entity1127 varied between 14 and 100 coexisting with classical @entity652 , SA and @entity1127 in 14 individuals (77.8%). Localization of @entity1127 : ascending and descending colon in 13 individuals (72.2%) and only descending colon in 5 (27.8%). A @entity14 was detected in 10/18 (55.6%) @entity1 , and 3 of them had a double @entity14 , a family history in 3 @entity1 (16.7%) and a history of @entity1412 in one. IMS was not detected in 8 @entity14 nor in 3 @entity652 studied; we detected 2/13 heterozygous mutations in the @entity20701 gene ( @entity50475 ) and one variant with an unknown biological significance in the @entity1412 gene ( @entity54565 ). CONCLUSIONS: The phenotypic variability of @entity1412 difficults its identification, hence it is important to adhere to the clinical criteria established for its classification as well as to establish screening guidelines for @entity14 on the basis of its high incidence.

title: [ @entity1412 : phenotypic diversity and association to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity54565 :: ('p|SUB|S|926|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Ser926Pro']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyps', 'HP', 'MP', 'polyps', 'mixed polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity50474 :: ('p|SUB|Y|165|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Tyr165Cys']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['HPS', 'colonic polyposis', 'APC', 'Hyperplastic polyposis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity50475 :: ('p|SUB|G|382|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly382Asp']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Ectopic expression of the @entity14191 ( @entity14191 ) in the @entity3019 ( @entity3019 )-dependent cell line Ba/F3 results in growth and partial erythroid differentiation in @entity14190 . In contrast, introduction and activation of the @entity30533 ( @entity30533 ) or of the @entity18278 ( @entity18278 ) results in proliferation only. As this effect is specific to the @entity14191 , the role of its extracellular or cytoplasmic domain in differentiation was tested after construction of two chimeric receptors. One receptor contained the extracellular domain of @entity14191 fused to the endodomain of @entity30534 beta-chain (E/beta), while the other contained the @entity14191 cytoplasmic region fused to the extracellular domain of @entity18278 alpha-chain (GMER). Surprisingly, both receptors induced differentiation ruling out a strict specificity of the extracellular or cytoplasmic region of @entity14191 in this process. Instead the ability to signal differentiation correlated with structural features shared by the @entity14191 , GMER, and E/beta receptors. Dimerization of all three receptors results in the pairing of two signal transducing chains in the cytoplasm, in contrast to the mitogenic receptors @entity30534 , @entity30533 , @entity18278 , which assemble as alphabeta heterodimers. Two new chimeric receptors that fulfilled the structural requirement exemplified by @entity14191 , but lacked any part of @entity14191 , were designed to consolidate this model. They consisted of the ectodomains of the @entity18278 and @entity30533 , respectively, fused to the endodomain of @entity30534 beta-chain. Both receptors were as effective as @entity14191 in signaling differentiation in response to their cognate ligand. Another property of receptors fulfilling these structural requirements is that they cause a marked delay in @entity23117 ( @entity23117 ) activation on ligand stimulation. Taken together our studies show that structural assembly of receptors dictates their potential to signal erythroid differentiation in @entity19 cells, that differentiation can take place in the absence of @entity14190 and that a delay in @entity23117 activation is highly predictive of this process.

title: Receptors that induce erythroid differentiation of XXXX cells: structural requirements and effect on @entity23117 binding.

entities_list: @entity23117 :: ('20850(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['STAT5', 'signal transducers and activators of transcription 5']

entities_list: @entity18278 :: ('12982(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSFR', 'GMR-alpha', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14191 :: ('13857(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin receptor', 'EpoR']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Ba/F3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess whether the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism influences the adequacy of the neurohormonal response to @entity1289 inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: The renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of @entity712 , and @entity1369 levels closely relate to outcome in @entity1 with @entity712 . @entity1289 inhibitors suppress the RAAS, but a significant proportion of @entity1 exhibit elevated serum levels of @entity1369 despite long-term administration of apparently adequate doses of these agents. METHODS: We prospectively studied 132 @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction <45%) receiving long-term therapy with @entity1289 inhibitors for over six months. @entity1 taking @entity1369 antagonists were excluded from the study. " @entity1369 escape" was defined as being present when plasma @entity1369 levels were above the normal range in our laboratory (>42 nmol/L). @entity1 were then divided into two subgroups according to the presence (group 1) or absence (group 2) of @entity1369 escape. Genotype analysis for the @entity1289 I/D polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1369 escape in our @entity1 was 10% (13/132). The two groups of @entity1 did not differ regarding the dose of @entity1289 inhibitor, diuretics and their renal function. There was a statistically significant different distribution of genotypes between the two groups, with a higher proportion of @entity336 genotype in group 1 compared with group 2 (62% vs. 24%, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity712 with @entity1369 escape have a higher prevalence of @entity336 genotype compared with @entity1 with @entity1369 within the normal limits. @entity1289 gene polymorphism contributes to the modulation and adequacy of the neurohormonal response to long-term @entity1289 -inhibitor administration in @entity712 .

title: Failure of @entity1369 suppression despite XXXX ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor administration in @entity712 is associated with @entity1289 @entity336 genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: Organized bone ingrowth in endosteal porous implants fabricated from VMC titanium alloy and surgically implanted with a tight interference fit, securely anchored the implants in fresh and healed mandibular premolar sites of miniature @entity1707 . This bone-implant union retained its integrity under high as well as slight masticatory stresses up to one-year after implantation. Bone invasion of the alumina porcelain implants was impeded by the lack of adequate interconnecting porosity; when the porosity was increased, insufficient ceramic strength prohibited a tight initial bone-implant fit. As a consequence, inadequate initial implant stability resulted in a soft tissue encapsulation of the majority of the ceramic implants. Histological examination and mechanical testing results were similar for bone-ingrown implants exposed to different experimental stresses for 4, 5, 8, and 12 months. Bone ingrowth and interface shear strengths were also similar in the different VMC pore sizes and shapes investigated. The design of intraoral attachments appeared critical, at least in @entity1707 where no postoperative treatment was administered. @entity32 and alveolar bone resorption caused by @entity1608 were severe around truncated cone-shaped devices. Slender transgingival posts, occlusal caps, and crown restorations were less susceptible to @entity1608 , resulting in a more satisfactory gingival and subgingival response. @entity3473 was a problem only in implants with transgingival truncated cones. Good adherence of soft tissue to metal under the gingival mucosa prevented epithelial migration around implants with other transgingival devices. Alveolar bone resportion around the tops of bone-ingrown implants was minimal at the time intervals examined (up to one year); however, a definite conclusion should be delayed until longer-term implants under full occlusion are evaluated.

title: Development and evaluation of porous dental implants in miniature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive epithelial invagination']

entities_list: @entity1608 :: ('MESH:D002137', 'Disease') :: ['calculus accumulation', 'calculus']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper is to present the development and evaluation of the Self-Efficacy Goal Achievement nursing intervention for type 2 @entity6 . BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews support the clinical effectiveness of @entity6 self-management programmes that are collaborative, involve biomedical feedback and are goal focussed. METHOD: The self-efficacy goal achievement intervention comprises @entity1 goal-setting consultations with practice nurses using the @entity6 Management Self-Efficacy Scale. The United Kingdom Medical Research Council framework for the evaluation of complex interventions by randomized controlled trial was used to develop and evaluate the intervention. The 'preclinical' study included literature analysis and findings from parallel studies. The 'phase I' study, carried out in spring 2003, was a small trial of the intervention, evaluation of its feasibility, identification of appropriate outcome measures for future trials and improvement of the components, with two nurses and eight @entity1 . FINDINGS: The 'preclinical' study supported continued intervention development. The 'phase I' intervention resulted in a mean reduction in @entity1 ' glycosylated haemoglobin of 0.93% between baseline and 3-months postintervention. It showed an increase in @entity1 self-efficacy and some decline in @entity1 @entity6 treatment satisfaction. Qualitative data recorded therapeutically desirable behavioural changes in all @entity1 . Follow-up consultations and goal evaluation were found to be important to @entity1 . Nurses reported (i) reservations about the repeated use of components of the intervention, which were felt to be repetitive and restrictive; and (ii) the time commitment required to deliver the educational sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Most phase I components were effective in delivering a feasible nursing intervention. The intervention has been adjusted to remove the less effective components and enhance the more effective. The outcome measures were appropriate for the intervention. A phase II trial is being developed to further test both the intervention and research protocol for comparing the intervention to an alternative.

title: Complex intervention development for XXXX self-management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of @entity4481 ( @entity11974 ) adjunctive therapy on sleepwake cycle and daytime @entity2147 in adult @entity1 affected by @entity302 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 affected by @entity302 underwent a 24-h ambulatory polysomnography and a subjective evaluation of daytime @entity2147 by means of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), before and after 3 months treatment with @entity11974 . RESULTS: @entity4481 therapy reduced @entity410 by >50% in 8 out of 12 @entity1 . It induced a significant increase of REM sleep and a decrease of stage 2 NREM sleep (S2). A significant increase of the ESS score was observed without reaching the pathological cut-off value (mean ESS score <10). No statistical correlation between REM sleep and @entity410 frequency was observed. DISCUSSION: @entity4481 seems to be effective and safe in @entity302 . The increase of REM sleep may be indicative of an improvement of nocturnal sleep quality considering the involvement of REM sleep in learning and memory processes. REM sleep enhancement may be the result of both a direct effect of @entity11974 on sleep generators and an indirect effect due to its clinical efficacy. The increase of ESS score within normal range suggests that daytime @entity2147 is a minor adverse effect of @entity11974 .

title: XXXX as add-on therapy induces REM sleep enhancement in @entity302 : a polysomnographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['Pregabalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ph-positive @entity1778 are caused by the aberrant fusion of the @entity55448 and @entity12437 genes. @entity10542 is a selective @entity55448 /Abl @entity669 kinase inhibitor related to @entity2213 , which is widely used to treat @entity1860 . Because @entity981 only responds transiently to @entity2213 therapy, we have used @entity19 models to test the efficacy of @entity10542 against @entity981 caused by the @entity29532 form of @entity55448 /Abl. RESULTS: After transplant of 10,000 highly malignant leukemic cells into compatible recipients, untreated @entity19 succumbed to @entity1778 within 21 days, whereas @entity19 treated with 75 mg/kg @entity10542 survived significantly longer. We examined cells from @entity19 that developed @entity1778 while under treatment for @entity55448 /Abl kinase domain point mutations but these were not detected. In addition, culture of such cells ex vivo showed that they were as sensitive as the parental cell line to @entity10542 but that the presence of stromal support allowed resistant cells to grow out. @entity10542 also exhibited @entity1778 activity in @entity29532 @entity55448 /Abl @entity19 that had developed overt @entity1778 / @entity706 masses and that otherwise would have been expected to die within 7 days. Visible @entity706 masses disappeared within six days of treatment and leukemic cell numbers in peripheral blood were significantly reduced. Treated @entity19 survived more than 30 days. CONCLUSION: These results show that @entity10542 has @entity1778 activity but that @entity981 cells can become unresponsive to it both in vitro and in vivo through mechanisms that appear to be @entity55448 /Abl independent.

title: XXXX treatment in @entity19 models of @entity29532 @entity55448 /Abl @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic leukemia', 'Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice', 'mouse']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemias', 'impressive anti-leukemia', 'very impressive anti-leukemia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['Nilotinib', 'nilotinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity10542 :: (MESH:C498826,Chemical) :: ['Nilotinib']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with chemotherapy-resistant metastatic @entity242 were treated with whole body @entity221 (WBH) combined simultaneously with @entity3600 ( @entity3600 ). All of the @entity1 had chemotherapy resistant @entity3 to major organ sites. @entity1 were heated to 41.8-42.0 degrees C for 2 h using an insulated blanket heating technique. Two @entity1 (12%) experienced partial responses (PR). In addition, four objective @entity5 responses (OR) lasting more than 4 months were documented. One @entity1 with previously rapidly growing @entity511 pulmonary @entity3 experienced @entity66 ( @entity66 ) for 38 months from the onset of treatment. Median survival of seven @entity1 with responding @entity5 (PR, OR and @entity66 ) compared with 10 @entity1 with progressive disease was 15 versus 2 months, respectively. Cumulative @entity882 was a therapy-limiting @entity137 of the combined treatment, and occurred in six of seven @entity1 . Acute @entity137 attributable to WBH alone included transient @entity882 in all @entity1 , @entity4 in two @entity1 , and mild @entity551 in five @entity1 . Acute granulocytosis was observed in all @entity1 . No treatment related @entity204 occurred. These data suggest that WBH combined with chemotherapy is associated with disease response in @entity1 with chemotherapy-resistant, widely disseminated @entity242 @entity3 .

title: Chemotherapy resistant @entity242 treated with whole body @entity221 (WBH) combined with XXXX (BCNU).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['1-3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea', 'BCNU']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity3600 :: (MESH:D002330,Chemical) :: ['1-3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To prospectively collect data on the initial presentation of victims of scorpion @entity5900 during the deployment of US forces to Saudi Arabia in support of Operation Desert Shield. DESIGN: A four-month prospective analysis of the circumstances, initial clinical signs and symptoms, treatment rendered, and subsequent clinical course of @entity1 suffering scorpion @entity5900 . Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Scorpions were identified from physical remains. SETTING: Open desert in eastern Saudi Arabia 250 miles northeast of Riyadh. Ten battalion aid stations supporting a US armored cavalry division provided first-echelon medical care to 7,000 soldiers. TYPE OF @entity1 : The 40 male and three female @entity1 were American military personnel between 19 and 33 years old. INTERVENTION: The constraints of military action precluded an interventional protocol. Each medical officer rendered appropriate medical care according to experience. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: During 118 days of encampment, 57 cases were reported, with 43 containing sufficient data for inclusion in the study. Thirty-six (63%) cases occurred during six weeks of initial fortification activity in open desert. Thirty-five victims (79%) presented for medical care within one hour after @entity5900 . The most common local symptoms and signs were @entity158 (100%) and erythema (63%). The prevalent systemic symptom was apprehension (44%), with @entity591 (72%) and @entity101 (58%) the prevalent systemic signs. With one exception, neurologic and @entity532 were transient and responded well to fluid support and low doses of beta-sympathomimetics, parasympathetic antagonists, H1 blockers, and analgesics. CONCLUSION: The local and systemic response by victims in this study are consistent with previously documented cases of scorpion @entity5900 . In adult @entity1 without serious prior adverse medical conditions, intervention is best limited to supportive measures.

title: Scorpion XXXX in eastern Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity5900 :: (MESH:D012909,Disease) :: ['envenomation']


abstract: Expression of the @entity238 @entity51701 -related gene, @entity51702 has been investigated at the protein level using monoclonal antibodies. This analysis has revealed that the @entity51702 gene encodes two protein forms: a 66-kD doublet predicted from the sequence of a cDNA clone and an additional 55-kD form. The 66-kD protein doublet is observed first at the cellular blastoderm stage and is not detectable in embryos after 12 hr of development. Expression of the 55-kD protein lags behind that of the 66-kD doublet and then persists throughout embryogenesis. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that @entity51702 protein is localized to the cell periphery during cellular blastoderm and gastrulation. The cell periphery-associated staining is then resolved into ectodermal stripes along the fully extended germ band. After the stripes fade, cytoplasmic staining of the majority of cells within the central and peripheral nervous system is observed. The 66-kD protein was shown to represent the cell periphery-associated form of the protein through antibody staining of larval salivary glands expressing a @entity1457 promoter-driven, full-length @entity51702 cDNA. Staining of embryos with a monoclonal antibody specific for the 66-kD protein indicates that the 55-kD protein is the nervous system form. Thus, the 66- and 55-kD proteins are products of the @entity51702 gene, which exhibit different temporal and spatial patterns of expression in the embryo.

title: Embryonic expression of a @entity238 XXXX gene: alternate forms of the protein are expressed in segmental stripes and in the nervous system.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity51701 :: (48973(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['src']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the visual results and outcome of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for @entity3985 . METHODS: Twenty-nine eyes of 19 @entity1 who underwent excimer PTK for recurrent erosions and @entity227 due to @entity3985 , between February 1996 and July 1999, were reviewed. Data regarding the preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), change in spherical equivalent (SE), depth of excimer laser ablation, symptomatic relief, and incidence of recurrence were analysed by a retrospective chart review. RESULSTS: The range of follow-up was 12-48 months. Twenty-seven out of 29 eyes (93%) maintained or improved BCVA. All @entity1 (17/17) were free of symptoms of recurrent erosions although two eyes needed repeat treatment to achieve this. In those eyes undergoing PTK for @entity227 , there was a trend towards a hyperopic shift postoperatively but this was not statistically significant. Five eyes showed recurrence of the @entity3986 (Reis-B  cklers (one eye), Lattice (two eyes), and Granular (two eyes)) that required repeat treatment. Two of these eyes required a single repeat PTK procedure, and three eyes underwent three repeat treatments. There were no major complications during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Excimer PTK is a safe and effective procedure for relieving symptoms of recurrent erosions and improving visual acuity in @entity1 with @entity3985 . Optimal visual results are achieved when treating more anterior disease. Multiple treatments are possible without significant detrimental effects for those @entity1 with recurrence of their @entity3986 .

title: Visual and symptomatic outcome of excimer phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['reduced vision']

answer: @entity3985 :: (MESH:D003317,Disease) :: ['corneal dystrophies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity281 may be the cause of @entity30 in some @entity1 . Measurement of intestinal permeability may identify @entity30 @entity1 with a high likelihood of relapse and may quantify the severity of @entity1944 . AIM: To assess the effect of 3 months of @entity4581 and @entity3110 on the disease activity and intestinal permeability in @entity1 with @entity30 at high risk of relapse. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity30 , with a @entity11884 - @entity2656 permeability test above 0.03, were randomly assigned to receive either @entity4581 , 500 mg twice daily, and @entity3110 , 15 mg/kg daily, or identically appearing placebo for 3 months in addition to their regular therapy. The Harvey-Bradshaw index and the @entity11884 - @entity2656 test were assessed in a blind fashion every 3 months for 12 months. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 were randomized to receive either drugs (n=15) or placebo (n=16). The groups were similar in age, sex, duration of disease, @entity66 , past complications and disease severity. Specifically, there was no difference between the drug or placebo groups in the mean Harvey-Bradshaw index (4.8 vs. 4.4), number with active disease (33% vs. 44%) and mean @entity11884 - @entity2656 test (0.06 vs. 0.10). During the 12-month follow-up period, there were no consistent, statistically significant differences in the mean Harvey-Bradshaw index or @entity11884 - @entity2656 test between treatment and placebo groups. Individual @entity1 showed either improvement or worsening of these indices, but these were not related to study medication. Specifically, no 'cures' were noted with anti-mycobacterial treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Three months of treatment with @entity4581 and @entity3110 does not benefit @entity30 @entity1 who are receiving standard medical therapy.

title: Randomized controlled trial of @entity4581 and @entity3110 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal injury']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['location of disease']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the pattern of prescribing for @entity101 at a @entity497 ( @entity497 ) and to evaluate the impact of introducing treatment guidelines and restricting availability of less cost-effective antihypertensive drugs on prescribing patterns, costs of drug treatment and blood pressure (BP) control. DESIGN: Before/after intervention study. SETTING: Medium-sized @entity497 in the Cape Flats area of Cape Town. SUBJECTS: 1,084 @entity101 @entity1 attending the @entity497 , who had at least two prescriptions for antihypertensive drugs during a 1-year period starting on 1 January 1992. INTERVENTIONS: 1. Implementation of stepped-care guidelines for @entity101 , specifying treatment with more cost-effective drugs and minimising drug treatment. 2. Reducing availability for routine prescribing by @entity497 doctors of 10 less cost-effective antihypertensive drugs or drug combinations. OUTCOME MEASURES: 1. Mean number of drugs prescribed per @entity1 . 2. Proportion of prescriptions for: each major class of antihypertensive drug; restricted availability and freely prescribable drugs; and more and less cost-effective drugs. 3. Mean monthly cost of drugs prescribed per @entity1 . 4. Mean blood pressure and proportion of BP readings controlled (< 160/95 mmHg) or uncontrolled (> or = 160/95 mmHg). RESULTS: A mean of 1.7 active drugs was prescribed per @entity1 per visit. The most frequently prescribed drugs were @entity2740 -like diuretics (44.8%), centrally acting agents (28.4%) and b-blockers (13.2%). Mean monthly drug costs per @entity1 decreased significantly by R1.99 (24.2%) from R8.24 to R6.25 between the first and last prescription for each @entity1 (exclusive of any reduction due to withdrawal of treatment). This was attributable to reduced prescribing of more expensive drugs withdrawn from routine use and a 51.1% increase in prescribing of the most cost-effective drugs. The overall annual cost-saving of the changes in prescribing for this @entity497 are estimated at R75 150. Blood pressure control did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: The pattern of changes in prescribing and drug costs was consistent with a causal effect of the interventions. The study demonstrates the potential for improving cost-effectiveness of @entity101 care in primary care in South Africa and the potential for research in this setting.

title: Improving cost-effectiveness of @entity101 management at a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CHC', 'community health centre']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community health centre']


abstract: @entity141 mobilization and cytoskeletal reorganization are key hallmarks of T-cell activation, and their interdependence has long been recognized. Recent advances in the field have elucidated the molecular pathways that underlie these events and have revealed several points of intersection. @entity141 signaling can be divided into two phases: initial events leading to release of @entity141 from endoplasmic reticulum stores, and a second phase involving @entity7010 ( @entity7010 ) clustering and CRAC ( @entity460 release activated @entity460 ) channel activation. Cytoskeletal dynamics promote both phases. During the first phase, the actin cytoskeleton promotes mechanotransduction and serves as a dynamic scaffold for microcluster assembly. Proteins that drive actin polymerization such as @entity13308 ( @entity17454 protein) and @entity38835 ( @entity38835 ) promote signaling through PLCy1 (phospholipase Cy1) and release of @entity141 from endoplasmic reticulum stores. During the second phase, the WAVE ( @entity13308 -family verprolin homologous protein) complex and the microtubule cytoskeleton promote @entity7010 clustering at sites of plasma membrane apposition, opening Orai channels. In addition, gross cell shape changes and organelle movements buffer local @entity141 levels, leading to sustained @entity141 mobilization. Conversely, elevated intracellular @entity141 activates cytoskeletal remodeling. This can occur indirectly, via calpain activity, and directly, via @entity141 -dependent cytoskeletal regulatory proteins such as myosin II and @entity40085 . While it is true that the cytoskeleton regulates @entity141 responses and vice versa, interdependence between @entity141 and the cytoskeleton also encompasses signaling events that occur in parallel, downstream of shared intermediates. @entity8580 cleavage by PLCy1 simultaneously triggers both endoplasmic reticulum store release and @entity2366 -dependent microtubule organizing center reorientation, while depleting the pool of @entity1078 , an activator of multiple actin-regulatory proteins. The close interdependence of @entity141 signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics in T cells provides positive feedback mechanisms for T-cell activation and allows for finely tuned responses to extracellular cues.

title: Coordinate control of cytoskeletal remodeling and XXXX mobilization during T-cell activation.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['Inositol']

entities_list: @entity7010 :: ('6786', 'Gene') :: ['STIM 1', 'stromal interaction molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity38835 :: ('3059', 'Gene') :: ['HS1', 'hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a combination of @entity1670 and @entity3413 to @entity3413 alone, on plaque regression and inflammatory makers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study had a prospective, randomized design. Subjects were @entity1 with intermediate @entity3979 . A total of 28 @entity1 received a combination of @entity1670 1,000 mg plus @entity3413 40 mg (N+S group, n=14); the other group received @entity3413 40 mg alone (S group, n=14). All @entity1 had a baseline and a 9-month follow-up coronary angiogram and an intravascular ultrasound procedure. Parameters such as normalized total @entity1856 volume (nTAV) and percent @entity1856 volume (PAV) were analyzed before and after treatment as were inflammatory markers such as high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP), @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) and soluble @entity11603 (sCD40L). RESULTS: There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The nTAV and PAV in the N+S group before and after treatment were not different than those in the S group. But the degree of changes (delta) in nTAV in the N+S group was greater than that in the S group (-21.6  10.68 vs. 5.25  42.19, respectively, p=0.024). Also, the change in PAV in the NS group was higher than that in the S group (-1.2  2.5 vs. -0.6  5, respectively, p=0.047. Changes in hs-CRP, @entity1495 , and sCD40L in the NS group were significantly greater than those of the S group (-0.71  1.25, 73.5  64.9, -1,970  1,925 vs. -0.32  0.96, 62.5  30.6, -1,673  2,628, respectively). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1670 plus @entity3413 decreases coronary plaque volume and attenuates the inflammatory response in @entity1 with intermediate @entity3979 .

title: The effects of statin and @entity1670 on plaque stability, plaque regression, inflammation and oxidative stress in @entity1 with mild to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'Matrix me-talloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity250 is a common side effect of antipsychotic medication. Although increased @entity4090 levels caused by antipsychotic agents are believed to play a major role with regard to sexual side effects, the underlying mechanism of antipsychotic agent-induced @entity250 remains poorly understood. METHODS: In a multicentric study 587 @entity146 inpatients were assessed by means of a self-rating sexual questionnaire. Focussing on antipsychotic treatment three subgroups were drawn from the original sample. One group was treated with @entity4090 -increasing antipsychotics (n=119), the other with @entity4090 -neutral medication (n=109) and the third @entity1 group was comprised of non-medicated clinical controls (n=105). RESULTS: The majority of all @entity1 (50-75%) reported at least minor @entity250 . On comparison of the subgroups, only female @entity1 treated with @entity4090 -increasing medication reported more severe @entity250 . However, multiple regression analysis did not confirm an association between the type of treatment and @entity458 . DISCUSSION: @entity250 frequently occurs in @entity146 inpatients treated with antipsychotics. Our findings only partly support the assumptions concerning a major role of @entity4090 -increasing neuroleptics for medication-induced @entity458 .

title: @entity250 in XXXX inpatients the role of antipsychotic medication.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual impairment']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is the main mechanism for @entity354 . Although there is evidence that transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations are neurally mediated, another school of thought is that transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations result from @entity356 , which shortens the sphincter to the point where it opens and the pressure decreases. We assessed the relationship of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation to gastroesophageal junction opening in an unsedated @entity1 model. METHODS: Seven healthy volunteers (6 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , aged 18-53 years) were studied while they were sitting. Manometry was performed by using a sleeve catheter passed through 1 nostril. A 5.3-mm endoscope was placed through the other nostril to obtain a retroflexed view of the @entity418 . The biopsy channel was connected to a barostat to distend the stomach with air at 15 mm Hg for 30 minutes. Manometric and endoscopic video-recording times were synchronized but scored independently. RESULTS: The transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation onset invariably preceded gastroesophageal junction opening (median, 5.0 seconds; range, 0.5-20.7 seconds; P < .001). The transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation nadir also typically occurred before gastroesophageal junction opening (median, 2.1 seconds; range, -4.2 to +19.5 seconds; P < .001). Once open, the gastroesophageal junction moved proximally for the duration of the transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Termination of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations occurred about the time the time of gastroesophageal junction closure. CONCLUSIONS: These data refute the hypothesis that transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations result from passive mechanical distraction of the gastroesophageal junction. Rather, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations must occur before the gastroesophageal junction can open.

title: Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations do not result from passive opening of the XXXX by @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric distention']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['cardia']


abstract: Tissue engineering with stem cells is a fascinating approach for treating anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. In our previous study, stem cells isolated from the @entity1 anterior cruciate ligament were shown to possess extensive proliferation and differentiation capabilities when treated with specific growth factors. However, optimal culture conditions and the usefulness of @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) as a growth factor in in vitro culture systems are yet to be determined. In this study, we compared the effects of different culture media containing combinations of various concentrations of @entity2241 and the growth factors basic fibroblastic growth factor ( @entity540 ) and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) on the proliferation and differentiation of ligament-derived stem cells (LSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We found that a-MEM plus 10% @entity2241 and @entity540 was able to maintain both LSCs and BMSCs in a relatively undifferentiated state but with lower major extracellular matrix (ECM) component gene expression and protein production, which is beneficial for stem cell expansion. However, the differentiation and proliferation potentials of LSCs and BMSCs were increased when cultured in MesenPRO, a commercially available stem cell medium containing 2% @entity2241 . MesenPRO in conjunction with @entity2533 had the greatest ability to induce the differentiation of BMSCs and LSCs to ligament fibroblasts, which was evidenced by the highest ligamentous ECM gene expression and protein production. These results indicate that culture media and growth factors play a very important role in the success of tissue engineering. With a-MEM plus 10% @entity2241 and @entity540 , rapid proliferation of stem cells can be achieved. In this study, MesenPRO was able to promote differentiation of both LSCs and BMSCs to ligament fibroblasts. Differentiation was further increased by @entity2533 . With increasing understanding of the effects of different culture media and growth factors, manipulation of stem cells in the desired direction for ligament tissue engineering can be achieved.

title: Optimization of culture conditions for stem cells derived from XXXX anterior cruciate ligament and bone marrow.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The sperm count required were investigated to obtain a conception rate of 80% by unilateral intrauterine insemination (UIUI) of fresh semen in @entity468 . The conception rates obtained by insemination before and after ovulation were also examined. Thirty-six female @entity468 aged 1-7 years were used in the experiments, and the number of experimental cases was 44. Seven male @entity468 aged 2-12 years from which semen could be collected by the artificial vagina method were used. In artificial insemination, 100 iu x 2 or 250 iu of @entity3566 was administered on days 2-4 of estrus, and sperm were introduced into the uterine horn with a greater number of ovulations (or mature follicles) 15, 20 and 30 hr after @entity3566 administration by laparotomy. The inseminated sperm counts were 2 x 10(6) (Exp. 1). 4 x 10(6) (Exp. 2), and 8 x 10(6) (Exp. 3). As a result, ovulation was induced in 42 of 44 cases (induction rate: 95.5%) regardless of the dosage of @entity3566 . Conception was obtained by UIUI in two of 16 animals (conception rate: 12.5%) in the Exp. 1, five of 16 animals (31.3%) in Exp. 2, and eight of 10 animals (80.0%) in Exp. 3. Regarding the relationship between the ovulation state at insemination and conception, the conception rate obtained by insemination before ovulation was clearly higher than that obtained by insemination after ovulation (p<0.05). Regarding the number of kits compared to the number of ovulations on the inseminated side, the percentages of cases in which the number of kits exceeded the number of ovulations on the inseminated side were similar in all groups inseminated with a different number of sperm. It is therefore necessary to investigate conception rates obtained by bilateral insemination to increase the fertility rate. Based on the above findings, it was shown that the sperm count required for fertilization by UIUI is 8 x 10(6).

title: Unilateral intrauterine horn insemination of fresh semen in XXXX .

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which inhibit cyclooxygenase have been reported to suppress @entity694 . However the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Growth factors such as hepatocyte growth factor, which are produced by fibroblasts, have been shown to be important in @entity105 and the progression of various @entity1 @entity5 . In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit hepatocyte growth factor expression through an endogenous prostaglandin-mediated pathway in cultured @entity1 colonic fibroblasts. @entity1 colonic fibroblasts were obtained from a resected colon and cultured. Hepatocyte growth factor and @entity1421 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Induction of @entity7542 and @entity3840 protein was estimated by immunoblotting. Prostaglandins increased hepatocyte growth factor production significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cholera toxin and @entity5987 also stimulated hepatocyte growth factor production. Further, @entity5015 significantly increased cellular @entity268 . The prostaglandin @entity7701 and @entity2912 receptors were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. @entity1356 dramatically increased @entity1421 production and significantly stimulated hepatocyte growth factor synthesis. @entity1356 induced @entity3840 but not @entity7542 protein. Indomethacin significantly reduced @entity1356 -induced @entity1421 release and hepatocyte growth factor production. These results suggest that @entity3009 is a factor for the production of hepatocyte growth factor by @entity1 colonic fibroblasts. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may suppress @entity694 , in part, through the suppression of hepatocyte growth factor expression by inhibiting endogenous prostaglandin production.

title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may prevent XXXX through suppression of hepatocyte growth factor expression.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-1beta', 'interleukin-1beta']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present our experience with a series of @entity1 treated with @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) for @entity9042 ( @entity9042 ). DESIGN: A single surgeon, prospective, consecutive series. METHOD: The study included all @entity1 with @entity9042 who underwent @entity9762 between March 1999 and November 2003 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. The parameters evaluated included @entity1 ' demographics, pre- and post-operative best corrected visual acuities, post-operative keratometry, and intra- and post-operative complications. RESULTS: There were 22 @entity1 (23 eyes); 10 females and 12 males, with a mean age of 35 +/- 13 years (median, 33.5; range, 17-73). The median follow-up period was 13 months (range 7-38). In 89% (16/18) of eyes which underwent @entity9762 , and in which a visual acuity could be obtained, a best corrected visual acuity of at least 6/12 was recorded. There were two episodes of Descemet's membrane perforation (8.7%), in which the procedure was converted to penetrating keratoplasty without complications. One @entity1 developed a double anterior chamber, which resolved spontaneously without consequences. CONCLUSION: The visual outcomes and complication rates seen in our series are comparable to the recent published literature. Hence @entity9762 can be considered as a suitable alternative to penetrating keratoplasty for the surgical treatment of @entity9042 .

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity9042 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['deep lamellar keratoplasty', 'DLK']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['KC', 'keratoconus']

answer: @entity9762 :: (MESH:C535342,Disease) :: ['Deep lamellar keratoplasty']


abstract: Free radical production in the brain of acutely anesthetized, exteriorized lamb fetuses (n = 11, gestational age = 135 d) was measured using spin trap methodology. Communications between the vertebral and carotid circulations were tied, producing a two-vessel supply to the brain. Flow probes and occlusion slings were placed around each carotid. The spin trap @entity54080 ( @entity54080 ) was infused intermittently into one carotid at a constant rate, and blood samples were taken at intervals from the sagittal sinus. These samples were analyzed for the stable radical @entity54081 . using electron spin resonance spectrometry. Six animals were subjected to 30 min of complete @entity2806 , and five fetuses served as sham-operated control animals. During postischemic reperfusion radical formation increased 2-fold during the first 20 min. However, the elevation of @entity54081 . in the venous effluent from the brain did not start until the transient @entity450 had passed. It is thus concluded that the increase of @entity54081 . observed is caused by an augmentation of free radical production during reperfusion. Because the spin trap agent was infused directly into the arterial supply and recovered directly from the venous effluent of the brain, the site of production could be the brain tissue, the endothelial cells of the cerebral circulation, and activated leukocytes. This is the first demonstration of increased radical production from the fetal brain. It is noteworthy that it takes place despite @entity26 tension of the reperfusing blood of only 3-3.5 kPa.

title: Free radicals are formed in the brain of fetal sheep during reperfusion after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity54080 :: ('MESH:C034589', 'Chemical') :: ['OXANOH', '2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyloxazolidine']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether combined phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation with pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) (phacovitrectomy) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) causes morphologic changes in the anterior segment and to evaluate whether there is a relationship between the anatomic changes and inflammatory complications. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea. METHODS: @entity1 who had uneventful surgery for @entity6 were divided into 2 groups (phacovitrectomy and @entity2286 only). Morphologic changes in the ciliary regions were measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) 1 day before surgery and 1, 2, 3, 5 days, 2 weeks, 1 and 2 months after surgery. The UBM parameters and inflammatory complications in the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS: The study comprised 60 @entity1 ; 30 had phacovitrectomy and 30, @entity2286 only. The frequency of supraciliary effusions was higher in the phacovitrectomy group (24/30, 80%) than in the @entity2286 -only group (14/30, 46%) (P = .015). The decrease in angle opening and anterior chamber depth was more prominent after phacovitrectomy. The incidence of complications was higher in the phacovitrectomy group than in the @entity2286 -only group (60% versus 30%, @entity2790 ; 30% versus 7%, intraocular fibrin and posterior @entity5862 formation); the complications were associated with supraciliary effusions. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that phacovitrectomy for @entity6 may induce more morphologic changes in the anterior segment. Supraciliary effusions were associated with inflammatory complications. Appropriate control of postsurgical @entity32 is necessary in phacovitrectomy for @entity6 .

title: Morphologic changes in the anterior segment after phacovitrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: Experimental @entity792 (EAU) is a T cell-mediated disease that targets the neural retina and serves as a model of @entity1 @entity1596 . Uveitogenic effector T cells have a @entity630 -like phenotype (high @entity60 , low @entity58 ), and genetic susceptibility to EAU is associated with an elevated @entity630 response. Here we investigate whether the ability to produce @entity60 is necessary for the development of EAU by immunizing @entity60 -deficient (GKO) @entity19 with the uveitogenic protein @entity25948 ( @entity25948 ) and characterize the associated immunologic responses. GKO @entity19 developed EAU comparable in severity and incidence to that of their wild-type littermates. However, the cytokine profile in their uveitic eyes as well as the cytokines produced by primed lymph node cells in response to @entity25948 showed a distinct profile: undiminished @entity637 and elevated @entity59 , @entity777 , @entity1618 , and lymphotoxin (but not @entity58 ) responses. The inflammatory infiltrate in GKO eyes contained an excess of granulocytes and @entity59 - and @entity777 -producing cells, but uveitic GKO @entity19 did not up-regulate inducible @entity842 synthase. GKOs had enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and @entity56 responses to @entity25948 . Histology of the @entity56 lesion in GKO had superimposed elements of an @entity56 -like response. Anti- @entity25948 Ab isotypes of GKO @entity19 showed a reduction of @entity9749 , but no enhancement of @entity6527 . Comparison of responses in +/+ and +/- wild-type @entity19 revealed some limited evidence of a gene-dose effect. We conclude that @entity60 is not required for priming of pathogenic T cells or for effecting the @entity989 and photoreceptor loss typical of EAU. However, what appears to be a grossly similar disease is caused in the GKO by a deviant type of effector response.

title: XXXX -deficient @entity19 develop experimental @entity792 in the context of a deviant effector response.

entities_list: @entity25948 :: ('19661(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IRBP', 'interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune uveitis']

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-cardiac @entity662 (NCCP) is an extremely debilitating condition of uncertain origin which is difficult to treat and consequently has a high psychological morbidity. Hypnotherapy has been shown to be effective in related conditions such as @entity1744 where its beneficial effects are long lasting. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of hypnotherapy in a selected group of @entity1 with @entity951 -like @entity662 in whom coronary angiography was normal and oesophageal reflux was not contributory. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty eight @entity1 fulfilling the entry criteria were randomised to receive, after a four week baseline period, either 12 sessions of hypnotherapy or supportive therapy plus placebo medication over a 17 week period. The primary outcome measure was global assessment of @entity662 improvement. Secondary variables were a change in scores for quality of life, @entity158 severity, @entity158 frequency, @entity148 , and @entity308 , as well as any alteration in the use of medication. RESULTS: Twelve of 15 (80%) hypnotherapy @entity1 compared with three of 13 (23%) controls experienced a global improvement in @entity158 (p = 0.008) which was associated with a significantly greater reduction in @entity158 intensity (p = 0.046) although not frequency. Hypnotherapy also resulted in a significantly greater improvement in overall well being in addition to a reduction in medication usage. There were no differences favouring hypnotherapy with respect to @entity148 or @entity308 scores. CONCLUSION: Hypnotherapy appears to have use in this highly selected group of NCCP @entity1 and warrants further assessment in the broader context of this disorder.

title: Treatment of non-cardiac XXXX : a controlled trial of hypnotherapy.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapy offers the potential of bladder preservation in @entity150 , but only a proportion of @entity5 respond, and there are no accurate predictive methods. The ability of @entity5 cells to repair DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation influences radiosensitivity. We therefore investigated the prognostic value of the DNA repair proteins @entity6471 and @entity20319 in @entity1 with @entity150 treated by radical radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity5 of 90 @entity1 with @entity1606 and known clinical outcomes were immunostained with @entity6471 and @entity20319 antibodies. Levels of protein expression were assessed as a percentage of @entity5 cells with positive nuclear staining (1,000 cells per @entity5 ). RESULTS: The median percentage of nuclear staining for @entity6471 was 98.7% (range, 42.2-100%) and for @entity20319 was 96.5% (range, 0.6-99.6%). High expression levels of @entity6471 or @entity20319 (> or = 95% positivity) were associated with improved @entity1 @entity5 -specific survival (log-rank, P = 0.02 and 0.006, respectively). In a multivariate Cox regression model, @entity6471 and @entity20319 expression and @entity3041 were the only independent predictors of @entity1 survival. CONCLUSIONS: Expression levels of both @entity6471 and @entity20319 proteins were strongly associated with @entity1 outcome following radiotherapy, separating @entity1 with good outcome from the 50% with poor outcome (82% and 44%, 3-year cause-specific survival, respectively). If prospectively validated, this simple test could be incorporated into clinical practice to select @entity1 likely to respond to radiotherapy and consider alternative forms of therapy for those unlikely to respond.

title: @entity6471 and @entity20319 protein expression levels predict @entity5 -specific survival following radical radiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['muscle-invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: A 22-year old @entity1 was admitted because of an abnormal shadow on his chest X-ray film. Radiographic findings revealed that the @entity5 was located in the right middle mediastinum. At operation a smooth round @entity5 was found arising from the right phrenic nerve. The @entity5 was removed with phrenic nerve. Pathohistological examination revealed this @entity5 was @entity808 . @entity808 usually arise from intercostal and sympathetic nerve and that arising from phrenic nerve is very rare. We removed the @entity5 by means of cutting his right phrenic nerve because of complete resection. Postoperatively he did well without any @entity649 . And his respiratory function studies recovered normal 9 months after the operation. We think that @entity808 arising from phrenic nerve should be removed completely and in such a case cutting of the one side phrenic nerve is at ease if the @entity1 have normal respiratory function.

title: [A case of XXXX of intrathoracic right phrenic nerve].

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'benign schwannoma', 'Intrathoracic schwannoma']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restoring intestinal continuity in the presence of radiation-induced @entity75 and following @entity14 or low Hartmann's procedure may be fraught with difficulties. Soave's procedure avoids potentially hazardous perirectal dissection. This study examined the morbidity and mortality as well as functional results. METHODS: Between January 1978 and July 1994 30 consecutive @entity1 underwent Soave's operation as a final attempt to restore coloanal continuity. The pathology was radiation-induced lesions in 15 @entity1 , @entity14 in nine and low Hartmann's reconstruction in six. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up was 4.2 (range 1-16) years. There was no operative mortality. Early complications included one @entity1 with @entity86 , one with @entity1744 and four with pelvic or perineal @entity295 . Late complications included four incisional hernias, three @entity850 which were treated by dilatation, and one recurrent @entity1960 . Continence was normal in 19 of 23 evaluable @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Soave's procedure obviates the need for extensive pelvic dissection, providing good technical and functional results in both the long and short term.

title: Soave's procedure: the final sphincter-saving solution for iatrogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['low colorectal anastomotic complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic strictures']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['rectal lesions']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity463 is a highly malignant @entity1313 , for which standard treatment consists of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Increasing extent of @entity5 resection (EOTR) is associated with prolonged survival. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) is used to increase EOTR, based on contrast enhanced MR images. The correlation between intraoperative contrast enhancement and @entity5 has not been studied systematically. METHODS: For this prospective cohort study, we recruited 10 @entity1 with a supratentorial @entity1313 suspect for a @entity463 . After initial resection, a 0.15 Tesla iMRI scan was made and neuronavigation-guided biopsies were taken from the border of the resection cavity. Scores for @entity2287 -based contrast enhancement on iMRI and for tissue characteristics in histological slides of the biopsies were used to calculate correlations (expressed in Kendall's tau). RESULTS: A total of 39 biopsy samples was available for further analysis. Contrast enhancement was significantly correlated with World Health Organization (WHO) grade (tau 0.50), vascular changes (tau 0.53), @entity39 (tau 0.49), and increased cellularity (tau 0.26). Specificity of enhancement patterns scored as "thick linear" and " @entity5 -like" for detection of (high grade) @entity5 was 1, but decreased to circa 0.75 if "thin linear" enhancement was included. Sensitivity for both enhancement patterns varied around 0.39-0.48 and 0.61-0.70, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of intraoperative contrast enhancement is a good predictor for presence of @entity5 , but absence of contrast enhancement is a bad predictor for absence of @entity5 . The use of @entity2287 -based contrast enhancement on iMRI to maximize @entity463 resection should be evaluated against other methods to increase resection, like new contrast agents, other imaging modalities, and "functional neurooncology" - an approach to achieve surgical resection guided by functional rather than oncological-anatomical boundaries.

title: Correlation between contrast enhancement on intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Some outpatients with only mild @entity1494 have histologically active lesions. To prevent the progression of these lesions, they should not be overlooked at the initial diagnosis. For this purpose, I propose a new system of diagnostic cooperation between physicians in private practice and hospitals. A 50-year-old male showed @entity644 ([symbol: see text]), occult blood([symbol: see text]), and one granular and red cell cast in the total fields in spot urine samples, a 24 hr urinary protein of 0.17 g, a serum @entity1011 of 1.2 mg/dl and a mean blood pressure of 112 mmHg at the first examination. Four months after the administration of an @entity1289 -inhibitor, the urinary protein decreased to 0.04 g while the serum @entity1011 level increased to 1.5 mg/dl. Therefore, a biopsy was performed at Kyoto University Hospital. Twenty-one glomeruli were obtained revealing 6 with @entity1463 and 13 proliferative glomeruli, including 3 with crescentic and 4 with adhesive lesions. In addition, interstitial cell infiltration was observed. After treatment for active blomeruli lesions using @entity617 and @entity1229 , the 24 hr urinary protein decreased to 0 g and serum @entity1011 to 1.2 mg/dl, Since a correlation between the relative volume of the renal cortical interstitial involvement and the serum @entity1011 concentration has been reported, the possibility of glomerular-interstitial interaction was considered. Thus, to prevent the neglect of @entity1 with apparently mild disease associated with a poor prognosis, I propose the establishment of a system of diagnostic cooperation consisting of physicians in private practice, general hospitals and central hospitals that can provide appropriate treatment principles and give instructions for @entity1 with mild @entity1494 encountered in daily practice.

title: [A proposed cooperation system between physicians in private practice and hospitals to prevent neglect of poor prognostic cases with mild XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['global sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['urinary abnormalities']