abstract: CONTEXT: Intermittent @entity461 treatment stimulates bone formation, but the mechanism(s) of this effect remain unclear. @entity14539 is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, and animal studies have demonstrated that @entity461 suppresses @entity14539 production. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to test whether intermittent @entity461 treatment of postmenopausal @entity1 alters circulating @entity14539 levels. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a clinical research unit. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 included 27 postmenopausal @entity1 treated with @entity461 (1-34) for 14 d and 28 control @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum @entity14539 levels were measured. RESULTS: Circulating @entity14539 levels decreased significantly in the @entity461 -treated subjects, from (mean    SEM) 551    32 to 482    31 pg/ml (-12.7%, P < 0.0001) but did not change in the control @entity1 (baseline, 559    34 pg/ml; end point, 537    40 pg/ml, P = 0.207; P = 0.017 for difference in changes between groups). Bone marrow plasma was obtained in a subset of the control and @entity461 -treated subjects (n = 19 each) at the end of the treatment period, and marrow plasma and peripheral serum @entity14539 levels were significantly correlated (R = 0.64, P < 0.0001). Marrow plasma @entity14539 levels were 24% lower in @entity461 -treated compared with control @entity1 , but perhaps due to the smaller sample size, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.173). CONCLUSIONS: Circulating @entity14539 levels correlate with bone marrow plasma levels and are reduced by intermittent @entity461 therapy in postmenopausal @entity1 . Further studies are needed to assess the extent to which decreases in @entity14539 production contribute to the anabolic skeletal response to @entity461 .

title: Effects of parathyroid hormone treatment on circulating @entity14539 levels in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity14539 :: ('50964', 'Gene') :: ['Sclerostin', 'sclerostin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity1504 ( @entity1504 ) and @entity63 ( @entity63 ) are major causes of emergency department visits around the globe. A significant number of these @entity1 may experience repeat attacks if left untreated. Several risk stratifying scoring systems have been developed in recent years to point out the high risk @entity1 . @entity13203 is based on age, blood pressure, clinical status, @entity6 , and duration of symptoms and is used commonly for this purpose. In this study, we were to enhance its sensitivity and specificity with the addition of another criterion namely @entity955 and making @entity13203 -F. A prospective study in two hospitals was performed and 138 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity63 / @entity1504 were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data of all @entity1 were registered. All @entity1 were followed for three months for any sign or symptom of a recurrent @entity63 . Recurrent @entity63 attacks happened in 9.4% of the @entity1 . None of the criteria of @entity13203 -F was associated with higher chance of @entity63 attacks. Similarly, @entity13203 -F was not different between @entity1 with or without repeat @entity2806 . The addition of @entity955 to @entity13203 did not enhance the accuracy of this scoring system to detect @entity1 high risk for repeat @entity2806 . More studies in the future to improve sensitivity and specificity of this test are warranted.

title: Value of XXXX -F in Predicting @entity2806 Attacks: Three Months Follow-Up after the Primary Attack.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'transient ischemic attack', 'TIA', 'ischemic attack']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['CVA', 'Cerebrovascular attack']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity13203 :: (225,Gene) :: ['ABCD2']


abstract: The clinical efficacy of immunotherapy, either by high dose @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) or @entity9285 ( @entity9285 ), has been demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity2023 but few studies have been carried out analysing differences in these treatments in terms of an improvement of clinical and @entity56 phlogosis parameters. The aim of this double-blind placebo-controlled study is to investigate the efficacy of high dose @entity1282 and @entity9285 using a purified standardized Juniperus ashei extract in a population of @entity56 @entity1 monosensitized to cypress. Forty @entity1 with @entity56 were administered therapeutic or placebo @entity1282 or @entity9285 for 12 months. Laboratory parameters were studied, namely the @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ) level in nasal lavage and in serum, as well as the number of @entity1712 ( @entity1712 ) in peripheral blood and in nasal lavage and the level of eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA). These parameters were correlated with clinical symptoms, evaluated by means of the clinical symptoms score (CSS). After @entity9285 and @entity1282 the levels of @entity11153 and ECA were reduced in nasal lavage. We also observed a significant reduction in the values of @entity11153 in serum in the @entity1 treated with @entity1282 . @entity1712 were unchanged in peripheral blood, but significantly reduced in nasal lavage. These data were in accordance with the improvement of clinical symptoms, supported by the close correlation between CSS and laboratory parameters. Our data confirm a clinical improvement correlated with a decline in @entity32 parameters after one year of immunotherapy, supporting the hypothesis that treatment with a major allergen of cypress is able to change the course of @entity2023 .

title: Clinical data and @entity32 parameters in @entity1 with cypress allergy treated with sublingual swallow therapy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['EOS', 'eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous immunotherapy', 'SCIT']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollinosis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['ECP', 'eosinophil cationic protein']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['cypress-allergic rhino conjunctivitis', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['sublingual-swallow therapy', 'SLIT']

answer: @entity9285 :: (MESH:D013352,Disease) :: ['subcutaneous immunotherapy']


abstract: 1. The kinetics of the interaction of @entity3159 with @entity1063 , administered by bolus injection and infusion, was examined in the isolated perfused @entity35 kidney. 2. @entity3159 (1-30 nM) competitively antagonized vasoconstrictor responses to infusion of @entity1063 (pA2 = 9.51) whereas antagonism toward bolus injections of @entity1063 deviated from competition. 3. In the presence of @entity3159 , responses to bolus injection of @entity1063 became biphasic whereas the kinetics of the responses to infusions of @entity1063 were unchanged. 4. In contrast, @entity5521 (30-300 nM) competitively antagonized responses to bolus injection of @entity1063 without altering response kinetics and in coperfusion studies with @entity3159 , prevented @entity3159 from inducing biphasic responses to bolus injection of @entity1063 . 5. It is concluded that @entity3159 acts as a pseudoirreversible antagonist toward vasoconstrictor responses to bolus injections @entity1063 (non-steady state conditions) whereas steady state conditions and competitive kinetics are observed with infused @entity1063 .

title: Slow off-rate of @entity3159 accounts for deviations from competitive antagonism in the isolated perfused kidney of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: An epidemic of an avian-origin H7N9 @entity683 virus has recently emerged in China, infecting 134 @entity1 of which 45 have died. This is the first time that an @entity683 virus harboring an N9 serotype @entity689 (NA) has been known to infect @entity1 . H7N9 viruses are divergent and at least two distinct NAs and @entity11230 (HAs) have been found, respectively, from clinical isolates. The prototypes of these viruses are A/Anhui/1/2013 and A/Shanghai/1/2013. NAs from these two viruses are distinct as the A/Shanghai/1/2013 NA has an @entity36050 substitution that can confer NA inhibitor @entity684 resistance. @entity684 is by far the most commonly used anti- @entity683 drug due to its potency and high bioavailability. In this study, we show that an @entity36050 substitution results in multidrug resistance with extreme @entity684 resistance (over 100 000-fold) using protein- and virus-based assays. To determine the molecular basis for the inhibitor resistance, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of NAs from A/Anhui/1/2013 N9 (R294-containing) and A/Shanghai/1/2013 N9 (K294-containing). @entity36050 substitution results in an unfavorable E276 conformation for @entity684 binding, and consequently loss of inhibitor @entity3338 interactions, which compromises the binding of all classical NA ligands/inhibitors. Moreover, we found that @entity36050 substitution results in reduced NA catalytic efficiency along with lower viral fitness. This helps to explain why K294 has predominantly been found in clinical cases of @entity281 under the selective pressure of @entity684 treatment and not in the dominant @entity1 -infecting viruses. This implies that @entity684 can still be efficiently used in the treatment of @entity281 .

title: Characterization of two distinct neuraminidases from avian-origin XXXX -infecting H7N9 @entity683 viruses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['Oseltamivir', 'oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H7N9 infections', 'H7N9 infection']

entities_list: @entity11230 :: ('MESH:D006388', 'Chemical') :: ['hemagglutinins']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the cost effectiveness and safety of inpatient @entity231 surgery (with one night in hospital postoperatively) with ambulatory day case surgery under local anaesthesia. DESIGN: Prospective study of @entity1 receiving inpatient (group 1) or day case (group 2) surgery. SETTING: One ophthalmic surgical firm. @entity1 : 100 @entity1 in each group, excluding those with coexisting ocular conditions, contraindications to local or request for general anaesthesia, ill health, or lack of agreed minimum social care; four @entity1 died during follow up. INTERVENTIONS: Envelope method and implantation of the posterior chamber lens into the capsular sac in both groups. MAIN MEASURES: Perioperative complications, operating and turnover times, visual outcome at three to six days and 10 weeks to six months after operation, @entity1 satisfaction (according to self administered questionnaire) at three to six days, and total costs (1989 salaries) for both groups. RESULTS: @entity1 in both groups did not differ significantly in age or sex, perioperative complications, visual outcome (6/9 or better in 78 @entity1 in group 1 and 75 in group 2 at one month after operation and 6/12 or better in 92/98 in group 1, 90/98 in group 2 at final follow up), or @entity1 satisfaction. The mean total cost per @entity1 for group 1 @entity1 was 365.99 pounds and for group 2, 221.62 pounds. CONCLUSIONS: Day case surgery for @entity231 is safe and more cost effective. IMPLICATIONS: Day case surgery should be recommended to increase availability of @entity231 surgery and thereby improve quality of life for more @entity1 .

title: Prospective audit comparing ambulatory day surgery with inpatient surgery for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataracts']


abstract: The possibility that lifestyle changes may be shared by the family members of subjects with @entity28 attending cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for @entity353 has been scarcely evaluated. The purpose of this study was to measure the changes in body weight, lifestyle habits, and stage of change toward physical activity in the family members of 149 subjects with overweight/ @entity28 enrolled into a weekly group CBT for weight management in the years 2007-2008. 230 adult (aged >18 years) family members (129 spouses, 72 @entity1 (43 female, 29 male), 29 with a different family relationship) completed a self-administered questionnaire at baseline and soon after the end of the completion of their relatives' program (approximately 6 months later). The questionnaire consisted of qualitative information regarding food choices, estimation of energy and food intake, self-report of height and weight, and motivation toward physical activity. At baseline, self-reported body mass index was normal in 115 cases, in the range 25 to 29.9 in 80 and >= 30 in 35. Following CBT of their relatives, the family members significantly reduced their average daily energy intake (-232 kcal/day; P<0.001) and the reported body weight decreased on average by 1 kg (P=0.001). The analysis of food choices revealed a reduced average daily amount of energy from dressings (-40 kcal, P<0.001), main courses with cheese or fat meat (-24 kcal, P=0.002), refined @entity3363 (-16 kcal, P<0.001), bread (-58 kcal, P<0.001), breakfast biscuits (-23 kcal, P=0.005), @entity6353 (-7 kcal, P=0.024), and nonalcoholic beverages (fruit juices and carbonated drinks; -10 kcal; P=0.013), whereas fruit consumption was increased (+10 kcal; P=0.023). There was also a shift in the stage of change toward exercising. Body mass index changes of family members and CBT subjects were significantly correlated, mainly within spouses. In conclusion, CBT for @entity353 positively influences the lifestyle habits of family members of @entity1 , reducing energy intake and promoting a more favorable attitude toward physical activity.

title: Effects of cognitive-behavioral treatment for XXXX in family members.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the results of arthroscopic debridement for isolated @entity179 of the shoulder. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 81 @entity1 who had arthroscopic debridement to treat @entity625 . Of these @entity1 , 71 (88%) were available for follow-up. The preoperative Simple Shoulder Test score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Short Form 12 score, visual analog scale score for @entity158 , and range of motion were recorded. These were compared against postoperative scores by use of the statistical paired t test. In addition, @entity1 completed postoperative University of California, Los Angeles; Constant; and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores. Forty-six preoperative radiographs were blindly evaluated and classified. Finally, the need for subsequent shoulder arthroplasty was recorded. RESULTS: The mean follow-up for the 55 @entity1 who did not progress to arthroplasty was 27 months. The mean preoperative and postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Simple Shoulder Test, and @entity158 visual analog scale scores all significantly improved (P < .05). Furthermore, range of motion significantly improved (P < .05) in flexion, abduction, and external rotation. Additional postoperative scores were as follows: University of California, Los Angeles, 28.3; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, 71.1; Constant score for affected shoulder, 72.0; and Constant score for unaffected shoulder, 78.5. Of the @entity1 , 16 (22%) underwent arthroplasty at a mean of 10.1 months after debridement. Radiographic review showed that 13 shoulders with a mean joint space of 1.5 mm and grade 2.4 @entity4040 went on to have shoulder arthroplasty. In contrast, 33 shoulders with a mean joint space of 2.6 mm and grade 1.9 @entity4040 did not go on to have shoulder arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with residual joint space and an absence of large osteophytes can avoid arthroplasty and have increased function with @entity158 after arthroscopic debridement for @entity179 . Significant risk factors for failure include the presence of grade 4 @entity162 , joint space of less than 2 mm, and large osteophytes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

title: Retrospective analysis of arthroscopic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative joint disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreased pain']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['glenohumeral degenerative disease']


abstract: The widespread use of potent marrow suppressing drugs in malignant diseases has gained increasing importance in the functional assessment of neutrophil system. A peripheral neutrophil count of 500 cells/cumm is considered to be a good indicator of risk of @entity2348 . However, despite extreme @entity1398 , @entity281 is rare in chronic benign @entity1398 @entity1 . It may be presumed that adequate marrow reserve delivers mature neutrophil during @entity2348 in these @entity1 . Currently available methods such as determination of blood neutrophil concentration, differential counts, estimation of bone marrow cellularity provide a relatively crude estimates of the functional capacity of the neutrophil system. The use of endotoxin, @entity19301 and @entity230 have been introduced to determine the marrow neutrophil reserve with greater accuracy. In this study, intravenous @entity701 100 mg was used to evaluate marrow neutrophilic reserve in normal and @entity2150 subjects. The results showed significant statistical differences (P less than 0.001) between controls and aplastic subjects in 2, 3, 4 and 5th hour groups after @entity134 injection. The sensitivity and specificity occurring 3 and 4 hours after @entity134 injection were 78.6% and 100%, respectively. The normal marrow neutrophilic reserve showed more than 1198/cumm of increment neutrophilic counts 4 hours after @entity134 injection. No complication was found. The present finding suggests that @entity134 may be useful as an accurate evaluator of marrow neutrophilic reserve.

title: [Evaluation of marrow neutrophilic reserve in normal subjects and XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19301 :: ('MESH:D005043', 'Chemical') :: ['etiocholanolone']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Morbidly @entity28 @entity1 have an increased risk for nonalcoholic fat @entity409 . Its severe form, @entity1561 may cause @entity1575 . The diagnosis of advanced @entity82 has great value during the pre operative evaluation for bariatric surgery. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of @entity1575 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nonalcoholic fat @entity409 @entity82 score in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in our population. METHODS: One hundred fifty-eight morbidly @entity28 @entity1 that had undergone bariatric surgery were included. Age, body mass index, @entity4854 , platelet count, albumin and @entity6571 /ALT ratio were applied to the score formula. Scores above 0.676 were indicative of @entity1575 and scores under -1,455 absence of @entity1575 . These scores were compared to liver biopsy findings. RESULTS: The presence of advanced @entity82 could be diagnosed with good accuracy, with a positive predictive value of 83.7%. The score had a higher accuracy to exclude advanced @entity82 with a negative predictive value of 97%. Twenty-five @entity1 (16%) had scores between the cutoffs points and were identified as indeterminate. The score sensibility and specificity was 83% and 97% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The nonalcoholic fat @entity409 @entity82 score has high accuracy to identify and exclude @entity1575 in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 subjected to bariatric surgery.

title: Evaluation of the nonalcoholic fat XXXX @entity82 score for @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['advanced liver fibrosis', 'liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Given the severity of @entity99 in @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ), most of these @entity1 are recommended to be vaccinated. The aim is to assess the recent changes in HAV and @entity97 vaccination rates in @entity1 with @entity409 and @entity3918 in the U.S. using the most recent population data. METHODS: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) cycles 2009-2012 and 2013-2014, and compared those to previous cycles (1999-2004 and 2005-2008). RESULTS: In general U.S. population, the rates of quality measure (QM, serologic immunity or history of vaccination) for @entity97 increased from 31.9% in 1999-2004 to 49.5% in 2013-2014 (p<0.0001), synchronously with an increase in self-reported @entity97 vaccination: from 24.4% to 41.3% (p<0.0001). A similar increase was noted for HAV: 12.0% in 1999-2004 to 33.4% in 2013-2014 in vaccination, 44.0% to 52.4% in HAV QM (all p<0.0001). Greater recent increases in @entity97 QM were noted in non- @entity97 @entity409 @entity1 : 34.7% to 56.8% in @entity97 QM and 22.7% to 51.1% in @entity97 vaccination (all p<0.0001), while the changes in @entity1 with @entity6 were similar to those in general U.S. population despite the recent CDC recommendation (for the age 19-59): 31.0% to 45.1% (p=0.007) in @entity97 QM, and 22.3% to 39.0% (p=0.0004) in @entity97 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Despite recommendations, HAV and @entity97 vaccination rates in @entity1 with @entity409 and @entity3918 remain relatively low. Better vaccination strategies for these high risk @entity1 should be undertaken. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Vaccination against @entity99 and B in @entity1 with XXXX : Has Anything Changed?

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'chronic liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes']


abstract: Abstract Vasopressin and @entity398 genes are expressed in mutually exclusive sets of magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus. Cell specificity and regulation are probably controlled by extra- and intracellular signals acting on one or the other gene. In order to identify factors that regulate peptide expression, we have used primary dissociated cultures derived from 14-day old foetal @entity35 . Vasopressin expression was monitored by combined immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Treatment of cultures with @entity1928 and/or the phosphodiesterase inhibitor @entity1922 ( @entity1922 ), both of which result in elevated intracellular @entity1919 levels, increased the numbers of vasopressin-expressing cells up to 10-fold. The specific Vasopressin messenger ribonucleic acid accumulation was verified quantitatively by ribonuclease protection assays. @entity1928 and @entity1922 did not change the levels of the general neuronal markers, @entity20482 and @entity20099 , suggesting that the effect of these drugs was specific for vasopressin-expressing cells. The drugs were not mitogenic for magnocellular neurons. Furthermore, their effect was not mediated trans-synaptically, as the drugs were also effective in cultures grown in low @entity141 /high @entity1025 medium, as well as in cultures treated with either @entity116 toxin or @entity1022 . The presence of putative response elements for the transcription factor @entity12891 in the 5'promoter regions of all vasopressin genes sequenced so far may provide the molecular basis of the observed @entity1919 effect. No such elements are present in the genes for @entity398 , the messenger ribonucleic acid levels of which were not measurably affected by @entity1928 and @entity1922 in our cultures.

title: Vasopressin Expression in Cultured Neurons is Stimulated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine', 'IBMX']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['Cyclic AMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and adolescent overweight and @entity28 are independent risk factors for poor social outcomes. Whether @entity1 who are overweight display greater bullying behaviors than normal weight peers, controlling for demographic and other social-ecological factors, was examined. The influence of @entity1 (e.g., mental health), family (e.g., income, parent mental health, and exposure to domestic violence), and community (e.g., exposure to neighborhood violence, unfair treatment based on race or ethnic group) factors on bullying risk in the subset of @entity1 who are overweight and @entity28 was explored. METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2011-2012 National Survey of @entity1 's Health, a cross-sectional study providing a nationally representative sample of @entity1 , using a series of multinomial logistic regressions in Mplus software (Muth  n _ Muth  n, Los Angeles, CA). @entity1 were 41,361 youth ages 10-17 years. RESULTS: Despite statistically significant differences in unadjusted analyses, no differences were found in bullying behavior by weight status once controlling for other factors. @entity1 , family, and neighborhood factors predicted bullying behavior in both the overall sample and the subset of overweight and @entity28 youth. However, some risk factors were unique to @entity1 who were overweight or @entity28 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who are overweight or @entity28 are not at greater risk for engaging in bullying behavior than normal weight peers. Health professionals targeting bullying behavior should be aware of the impact @entity1 , family, and neighborhood factors have on bullying by overweight and @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents.

title: Prevalence and Predictors of Bullying Behavior among Overweight and XXXX in a Nationally Representative Sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'children', 'Children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obese Youth']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy and safety of a new topical anesthetic containing a disinfection ingredient (LidoDin cream) in reducing the @entity158 associated with venipuncture by comparing it with the proven eutectic mixture of @entity3303 2.5% and @entity5403 2.5% ( @entity5404 cream). METHODS: A single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on a study population consisting of a convenience sample of @entity1 aged 12 to 16 years who presented at our Emergency Department between November 2007 and April 2008. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used for @entity158 assessment. Before the study, the bactericidal effect of the LidoDin cream on skin flora was tested. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were enrolled to each arm of the study. Mean @entity1 age was 13.6 years for the LidoDin group and 14.12 years for the @entity5404 group (P=0.347). Male @entity1 accounted for 55% of the @entity1 in the LidoDin group, compared with 40% in the @entity5404 group (P=0.527). Skin reaction scores of the LidoDin group for erythema and @entity4 were not statistically different than those of the @entity5404 group (P=0.73 and P=0.75, respectively). @entity1 VAS scores and nurse VAS scores of the LidoDin group were not statistically different than those of the @entity5404 group (P=0.57 and P=0.93, respectively). DISCUSSION: This pilot study demonstrated that LidoDin and @entity5404 seem to be equally safe and effective topical anesthetics for venipuncture. Future studies are planned to determine, if LidoDin reduces the rate of local @entity272 in @entity1 treated with multiple daily subcutaneous injections of medications.

title: XXXX -based topical anesthetic with disinfectant (LidoDin) versus @entity5404 for venipuncture: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['Lidocaine']


abstract: We prospectively determined the antifungal susceptibility of @entity375 isolates causing @entity12045 using the Etest on direct blood samples (195 prospectively collected and 133 laboratory prepared). We compared the Etest direct (24 h of incubation) with CLSI M27-A3 and the standard Etest methodologies for @entity2380 , @entity5074 , @entity7143 , @entity7142 , @entity11794 , and @entity2379 . Strains were classified as susceptible, resistant, or nonsusceptible using CLSI breakpoints ( @entity5074 breakpoints were used for @entity7143 and @entity7142 ). Categorical errors between Etest direct and CLSI M27-A3 for @entity8201 were mostly minor. No errors were detected for @entity11794 , and high percentages of major errors were detected for @entity2379 . For the @entity8201 , false susceptibility (very major errors) was found in only two (0.6%) isolates ( @entity9841 and @entity7408 ). False resistance (major errors) was detected in 46 (14%) isolates for the three @entity8201 (in 23 [7%] after excluding @entity7143 ). Etest direct of @entity7143 yielded a higher number of major errors than the remaining @entity8201 , especially for @entity7408 , Candida spp., and other @entity375 . Excluding @entity7408 , Candida spp., and other @entity375 , the remaining species did not yield major errors. Etest direct for @entity2380 , @entity5074 , @entity7142 , and @entity11794 shows potential as an alternative to the CLSI M27-A3 procedure for performing rapid antifungal susceptibility tests on @entity375 isolates from @entity1 with @entity12045 . Etest direct is a useful tool to screen for the presence of @entity5638 -resistant and @entity11794 -nonsusceptible strains.

title: Rapid antifungal susceptibility determination for @entity375 isolates by use of Etest performed directly on blood samples from XXXX with @entity12045 .

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['Candida tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7142 :: ('MESH:C508735', 'Chemical') :: ['isavuconazole']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) was made in 64 cases (16.2%) among a total of 395 autopsy cases. There were 31 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 . Their ages ranged from 31 to 91 years (mean 76.3). Underlying diseases were @entity5 and @entity295 . Fresh @entity299 were found in 40 cases (62.5%). @entity1186 was found in 13 cases (20.3%) and @entity296 in 24 cases (37.5%), with @entity583 in 9 and focal @entity39 in 15. @entity715 was found in 17 cases (26.6%), mural thrombi in 11 (17.2%), and bleeding of the heart in 11 (17.2%). Platelet count, @entity2002 and euglobulin lysis time were not correlated with @entity296 nor @entity1186 . Increase of fibrin degradation products correlated with the presence of @entity1186 with or without @entity296 . @entity5642 was found with a high incidence in the aged, and many of them were complicated with fresh @entity299 . Development of @entity583 depends on the small thrombi in the severe @entity850 of the main coronary arteries or on the multiple microthrombi in the peripheral coronary branches.

title: A clinicopathological study on XXXX in 64 cases of @entity5642 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mainly malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary thrombosis', 'coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast tissue is among the most sensitive tissues to the carcinogenic actions of ionizing radiation and epidemiological studies have linked radiation exposure to @entity0 . Currently, molecular understanding of radiation @entity105 in mammary gland is hindered due to the scarcity of in vivo long-term follow up data. We undertook this study to delineate radiation-induced persistent alterations in gene expression in @entity19 mammary glands 2-month after radiation exposure. METHODS: Six to eight week old female C57BL/6J @entity19 were exposed to 2 Gy of whole body y radiation and mammary glands were surgically removed 2-month after radiation. RNA was isolated and microarray hybridization performed for gene expression analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used for biological interpretation of microarray data. Real time quantitative PCR was performed on selected genes to confirm the microarray data. RESULTS: Compared to untreated controls, the mRNA levels of a total of 737 genes were significantly (p<0.05) perturbed above 2-fold of control. More genes (493 genes; 67%) were upregulated than the number of downregulated genes (244 genes; 33%). Functional analysis of the upregulated genes mapped to cell proliferation and @entity5 related canonical pathways such as 'ERK/MAPK signaling', ' @entity12228 signaling', and '14-3-3-mediated signaling'. We also observed upregulation of @entity0 related canonical pathways such as ' @entity0 regulation by @entity20817 ', and ' @entity7171 signaling in @entity0 ' in IPA. Interestingly, the downregulated genes mapped to fewer canonical pathways involved in cell proliferation. We also observed that a number of genes with @entity5 suppressor function ( @entity35818 , @entity35819 , @entity35820 , @entity35821 , @entity35822 , @entity7001 , @entity24832 ) persistently remained downregulated in response to radiation exposure. Results from qRT-PCR on five selected differentially expressed genes confirmed microarray data. The PCR data on @entity35823 , @entity35819 , @entity35824 , @entity35825 , and @entity35826 showed similar trend in up and downregulation as has been observed with the microarray. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to a clinically relevant radiation dose led to long-term activation of mammary gland genes involved in proliferative and metabolic pathways, which are known to have roles in @entity105 . When considered along with downregulation of a number of @entity5 suppressor genes, our study has implications for @entity0 initiation and progression after therapeutic radiation exposure.

title: Exposure to ionizing radiation induced persistent gene expression changes in XXXX mammary gland.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Verbal communication depends on a good function of voice and speech organs. Cochlear implant system (CI) is the most advanced treatment method in @entity2319 in @entity1 of all age groups. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: To analyze the voice and speech before and after CI adjusted for time of onset of @entity2319 (pre- and postlingual). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 14 @entity1 with postlingual (group I) and @entity2319 (group II) deriving no benefit from hearing aids. In both groups laryngeal stroboscopy, voice, hearing and speech quality and quality of life were evaluated before and after CI. Results. Dysphonia was noted--hyperfunctional in group I and hypofunctional in group II. CI improved voice, speech and @entity393 in both groups, with the most significant amelioration of acoustic indices of voice in group II. Quality of life improved in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: CI improves quality of voice, speech and hearing in adults with pre- and @entity2319 . @entity1 in group I made faster progress following CI than group II. CI had significant positive impact on quality of life in both groups.

title: [Qualitative analysis of voice and speech in XXXX with cochlear implant-- preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'prelingual deafness', 'receptive deafness', 'postlingual deafness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing quality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of @entity859 -induced @entity551 on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of @entity26 (CMRO2), and cerebral @entity880 production, together with systemic haemodynamics, were studied in 10 @entity1 undergoing @entity438 surgery in neurolept anaesthesia with controlled hyperventilation. CBF changes were determined in six of the @entity1 with a retrograde thermodilution technique in the jugular vein. @entity551 was induced with a continuous infusion of @entity859 in the superior vena cava. The dose range was 0.06-0.35 mg/kg/min, and this caused a 42% reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) from 79 +/- 4 to 46 +/- 1 mmHg (10.5 +/- 0.5 to 6.1 +/- 0.1 kPa) through a profound reduction in systemic vascular resistance (SVR), which amounted to 61%. No significant change occurred in CBF. Whole body AV-difference of @entity26 was decreased by 37%, and cerebral AV-difference by 28%, corresponding to reductions in whole body @entity26 uptake and CMRO2 of 16 and 17%, respectively. Cerebral AV-difference of @entity880 did not change. In the posthypotensive period MABP was increased by 10%, together with a minor increase in CBF (15%). It is concluded, that @entity859 -induced @entity551 at MABP levels between 40-50 mmHg (5.3-6.7 kPa) does not affect cerebral oxygenation unfavourably, and may even offer a protective effect by reducing cerebral @entity26 demand. The slight CBF increase in the posthypotensive period was probably secondary to an increase in MABP together with a blunted autoregulation, but in no case was this effect considered to be harmful for the @entity1 .

title: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during @entity859 -induced @entity551 in @entity1 undergoing XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysm']


abstract: 1. Using cultured epithelia from sweat glands, derived from both cystic @entity82 and normal subjects, the relationship between @entity6478 concentration and the inhibition of electrogenic @entity1372 transport was measured, under short circuit conditions. 2. The Kd for @entity6478 in cultures from normal subjects was 0.64 microM (n = 6) while in cultures derived from @entity1577 @entity1 the value was 1.07 microM (n = 4). The values were significantly different (P less than 0.02, ANOVA). 3. In cultures from normal sweat glands, bathed in solutions free of permeable anions ( @entity2865 / @entity3157 ), the Kd for @entity6478 rose to a value greater than found in @entity1577 tissues (2.3 microM). In @entity1577 epithelia subject to the same conditions the abnormally high value increased further, so that in solutions without permeable anions normal and @entity1577 cultures behaved similarly. 4. In cultures derived from normal and @entity1577 tissues lowering the @entity1372 concentration to 10 mM also lowered the Kd for @entity6478 , however the shift was greater for @entity1577 cultures. 5. Several possible explanations for the results are discussed. The most probable is that the relatively more positive apical membrane potential in @entity1577 epithelia opposes the interaction of @entity6478 with the @entity1372 channel, implying that complex formation is potential sensitive.

title: Altered sensitivity to XXXX in cystic @entity82 . Observations using cultured sweat glands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity6478 :: (MESH:D000584,Chemical) :: ['amiloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors have previously reported 2 consecutive phase 2 trials in @entity1 with early @entity0 that overexpresses @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) to assess the feasibility of incorporating anti- @entity1722 therapies into dose-dense (dd) chemotherapy regimens. The incidence of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) at a median follow-up of 2 years was 1.4% and 3.2%, respectively. METHODS: In trial A, @entity1 received dd @entity632 and @entity786 (AC) > @entity1311 (T) (each given every 2 weeks) *   4 with trastuzumab (H) given *   1 year. In trial B, weekly T (weekly *   12) was substituted for ddT and @entity9433 *   1 year was added. Herein, the authors report the longer-term incidence of @entity712 and distant disease-free survival (DDFS). RESULTS: From January 2005 to May 2008, 165 @entity1 enrolled (median age, 46 years, with a median left ventricular ejection fraction of 68% [range, 52%-81%]), 17%of whom had previous @entity101 . With a median follow-up of 84 months (trial A) and 57 months (trial B), 1 additional @entity1 developed @entity712 . Therefore, the cumulative incidence of @entity712 was 1.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.36%-7.7%) for trial A and 4.2% (95% CI, 4.2%-10.4%) for trial B. The 5-year DDFS for trials A and B was 92% (95% CI, 83%-97%) and 89% (95% CI, 81%-94%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Longer follow-up of these 2 studies has demonstrated that ddAC > TH only or with @entity9433 is associated with a low risk of @entity712 and promising DDFS in @entity1 with early @entity0 .

title: Long-term cardiac safety and outcomes of dose-dense @entity632 and @entity786 followed by @entity1311 and trastuzumab with and without @entity9433 in XXXX with early @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Among all the @entity272 , @entity320 is the main cause of @entity204 in Colombia (40%) and it represents 1% of all @entity204 by @entity5 . Due to the fast increase in the incidence of @entity320 , it is necessary to carry out research on the mechanisms involved in its genesis and progression. This study determined @entity2008 from peripheral blood samples on 30 @entity1 with @entity320 and on 23 control subjects using conventional cytogenetics (G Banded), where a high incidence in @entity154 and a low incidence in recurrent structural rearrangements were observed. Chromosomic losses were prevalent in all the @entity5 stages studied. The analysis showed that the chromosomes X, 9 and 17 were mainly affected. Among the @entity154 , monosomies in X and 17 chromosomes, as well as trisomies formed by a marker chromosome, were the most common in both early and late stages of the disease. Deletions and chromosomal crossovers appeared to be as @entity154 . In the control group no @entity154 was identified, and a low percentage of @entity2100 was observed when compared with the @entity1 group. A high frequency in @entity2008 was observed in @entity1 , in contrast with the control subjects. This suggests the existence of heterogeneity and genetic predisposition during the illness development. To further research, these must be analyzed and validated as possible sources of molecular markers, which could be of use for the early diagnosis, treatment and follow up of the disease.

title: [Cytogenetic study in peripheral blood of XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['numerical anomalies', 'anomaly', 'isolated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity1 muscle operates along a continuum of power output, which is set through bioenergetic and anatomical principles. In turn, environmental and intrinsic factors during contractile work exert pronounced control over muscle performance by instructing @entity121 . This phenotypic control is specifically indicated with intense exercise at altitude, when extra strain is put on energy supply and the temperature-dependent mechanical efficiency of contraction. While it is classically thought that chronic exposure to @entity519 is maladaptive, repeated short episodes of reduced oxygenation alone or in combination with intense endurance work is now understood to preserve exercise performance when atmospheric @entity26 levels are low. Endurance training at moderate altitude exploits the temperature-dependent malleability of energy supply that may maximize metabolic flux at altitude. The contribution of genomic mechanisms is important to the plasticity of metabolic pathways in exercised muscle. This is highlighted by the association of distinct gene polymorphisms in master governors of mitochondrial and vascular growth with exercise phenotypes. Feedforward control of @entity1 locomoter muscle by exercise involves the transient upregulation of transcript expression for metabolic processes. The response of the mitochondrial transcriptome to intense exercise is graded with respect to mitochondrial content and deoxygenation during muscle work and reflects exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. This supports the notion that genome-mediated @entity121 is under feedback control by design constraints of the pathway of @entity26 . Thus, activity-dependent and genetic mechanisms contribute to the interindividual difference in the metabolic bottlenecks in athletes performing in exceptional environmental conditions.

title: Myocellular limitations of XXXX performance and their modification through genome-dependent responses at altitude.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle remodelling', 'muscle malleability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Background. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with receiving @entity298 ( @entity298 ) in @entity1 with incident @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in a hospital in Southern Taiwan. Methods. The study included all consecutive @entity1 with incident @entity454 who participated in a multidisciplinary predialysis education (MPE) program and started their first dialysis therapy between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2013, in the study hospital. We provided small group teaching sessions to advanced CKD @entity1 and their family to enhance understanding of various dialysis modalities. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of @entity1 characteristics with the chosen dialysis modality. Results. Of the 656 @entity1 , 524 (80%) chose hemodialysis and 132 chose @entity298 . Our data showed that young age, high education level, and high scores of activities of daily living (ADLs) were positively associated with @entity298 treatment. @entity1 who received small group teaching sessions had higher percentages of @entity298 treatment (30.5% versus 19.5%; P = 0.108) and preparedness for dialysis (61.1% versus 46.6%; P = 0.090). Conclusion. Young age, high education level, and high ADL score were positively associated with choosing @entity298 . Early creation of vascular access may be a barrier for @entity298 .

title: Factors Associated with the Choice of Peritoneal Dialysis in XXXX with @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure and to investigate if such an approach increases the @entity5 -to-ipsilateral brain permeability ratio. Normal @entity35 and F98 @entity11 -bearing @entity35 were injected intravenously with Evans blue (EB); these treatments took place with or without BBB disruption induced by transcranial FUS of one hemisphere of the brain. Sonication was applied at an ultrasound frequency of 1 MHz with a 5% duty cycle, and a repetition frequency of 1 Hz. The permeability of the BBB was quantitatively assessed by means of the extravasation of EB. Contrast-enhanced MR images were used to monitor the @entity2287 deposition path associated with transcranial FUS and the influence of size and location was also investigated. Furthermore, whole brain histological analysis was performed. The results were compared by two-tailed unpaired t test. The accumulation of @entity1313 -to-ipsilateral brain permeability ratio of EB were significantly increased after FUS exposure. EB injection followed by sonication showed an increase in the @entity5 of about two-fold compared with the control @entity5 on day 8 after @entity5 implantation. MR images showed that FUS locally enhances the permeability of the BBB in the @entity11 -bearing @entity35 . The BBB can be locally disrupted with FUS in the presence of microbubbles. This technology may offer new opportunities that will allow enhanced synergistic effects with respect to other @entity1313 treatment regimens.

title: Ultrasound enhanced delivery of macromolecular agents in @entity1313 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'EB in brains and the tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-to-ipsilateral brain ratio of the target tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the exception of primary @entity1221 , organ recovery is no longer considered from donors with known @entity5 . Because intrathoracic and intraabdominal organs are usually recovered before the kidneys, we examined the incidence of @entity1358 in cadaveric donor kidneys at the time of organ recovery. This would establish the theoretical risk of transplanting donor organs from a @entity1 with a known @entity8 . METHODS: In cooperation with the Louisiana Organ Procurement Agency, we reviewed the records of all @entity1 who were cadaveric kidney donors in the state of Louisiana between September 1991 and October 1997. Information was reviewed and analyzed on donor age, sex, race, past medical/surgical history, cause of @entity204 , and the findings at the time of organ recovery. RESULTS: A total of 553 consecutive cadaveric donors were identified, with 1106 kidneys recovered. Of the 553 cadaveric donors, 5 (0.9%) were noted to have an @entity1358 . All @entity5 were identified in separate donors; that is, none of the @entity5 were bilateral. None of the five donors had documented symptoms referable to their urinary tract. All @entity5 were either T1 or T2 by the @entity5 , node, metastasis classification system, and no evidence of nodal or distant metastatic disease was present. In one case, the contralateral kidney, heart, and liver were transplanted before the @entity5 was identified. In the remaining four cases, all organs (renal and nonrenal) were discarded. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 is rarely found during renal recovery from a cadaveric donor. However, because the kidneys are usually recovered after the intrathoracic and intraabdominal organs, careful palpation of the kidneys and exploration of any abnormalities is mandated to avoid transplanting any organs from a donor with a known @entity8 .

title: The incidence and implications of XXXX in cadaveric renal transplants at the time of organ recovery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'incidental renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Enteromorpha linza, a green alga, has been recognized as a potential source of natural antimicrobial and antifungal compounds. We previously reported that an E. linza extract strongly inhibited the growth of @entity3288 and @entity2523 . The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of a mouth rinse containing the E. linza extract on @entity9566 , as measured by the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and @entity548 on probing (BOP), and on two bacterial strains ( @entity3288 and @entity2523 ), in comparison with @entity25750 (  ) ( @entity25750 -Korea, Seoul, Korea), which was used as a positive control. In total, 55 subjects were recruited into active participation in this clinical study. The PI, GI, BOP, and bacterial strains were then evaluated over a test period of 6 weeks. After 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the same clinical indices were recorded, and the levels of @entity3288 and @entity2523 were quantified via real-time polymerase chain reaction. At the end of the study, the group using the mouth rinse containing the E. linza extract evidenced significant reductions in the clinical indices (PI, GI, and BOP) and @entity2523 compared with baseline values. Moreover, E. linza extract containing mouth rinse produced effects similar to those of @entity25750 . Overall, these results indicate that a mouth rinse containing E. linza extract significantly reduces plaque, improves the condition of gingival tissues, and reduces @entity548 . Additionally, E. linza extract mouth rinse significantly inhibits @entity2523 and @entity3288 . Thus, this clinical study demonstrated that the twice-daily use of an E. linza extract mouth rinse can inhibit and prevent @entity2522 .

title: Clinical and microbial evaluation of the effects on XXXX of a mouth rinse containing an Enteromorpha linza extract.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9566 :: ('MESH:D005882', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['P. intermedia', 'Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity25750 :: ('MESH:C057473', 'Chemical') :: ['Listerine']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate whether @entity2379 vaginal suppositories would be effective in the treatment of non- albicans @entity6923 in @entity1 who failed conventional therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-two @entity1 were identified with non- albicans @entity6923 . These @entity1 were treated with conventional antifungal agents. Ten @entity1 had persistence of the non- albicans @entity6923 after treatment. @entity2379 50-mg vaginal suppositories were given nightly for 14 days to this subgroup of treatment failures. RESULTS: Of 10 @entity1 , 8 (80%) who were treated with @entity2379 vaginally initially showed no further @entity281 . One of the treatment successes had 2 recurrences and responded to a second course of @entity2379 but failed a third course. If this @entity1 is considered a treatment failure, then @entity2379 vaginal suppositories were successful in 70% of @entity1 . The medication was well tolerated and local side effects were minimal. CONCLUSION: @entity2379 vaginal suppositories are a viable treatment option for refractory @entity365 caused by non- albicans Candida .

title: Treatment of non-albicans XXXX with @entity2379 vaginal suppositories.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida vaginitis', 'Candida infection']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis']

answer: @entity6923 :: (MESH:C536777,Disease) :: ['Candida vaginitis']


abstract: The activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule ( @entity2394 ) is overexpressed in many @entity5 , but controversial results about its role and prognostic impact in @entity0 have been reported. Therefore, we evaluated the biologic effects of @entity2394 expression in two @entity0 cell lines and a larger cohort of mammary @entity189 . By stable transfections, MCF7 cells with @entity2394 overexpression and MDA-MB231 cells with reduced @entity2394 levels were generated and analyzed in functional assays and cDNA microarrays. In addition, an immunohistochemical study on 347 @entity1 with @entity0 with long-term follow-up and analysis of disseminated @entity5 cells (DTCs) was performed. In both cell lines, high @entity2394 expression was associated with reduced cell motility. In addition, @entity2394 silencing in MDA-MB231 cells resulted in lower invasive potential, whereas high @entity2394 expression was associated with increased apoptosis in both cell lines. Among genes which were differentially expressed in clones with altered @entity2394 expression, there was an overlap of 15 genes between both cell lines, among them @entity10815 , @entity5822 , @entity19330 , and ets2 whose deregulation was validated by western blot analysis. In MDA-MB231 cells, we observed a correlation with VEGF expression which was validated by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Our IHC results on primary @entity0 showed that @entity2394 expression was associated with an @entity172 receptor-positive phenotype. In addition, strong @entity2394 immunostaining correlated with nodal involvement and the presence of @entity5 cells in bone marrow. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, strong @entity2394 expression in @entity513 correlated with shorter recurrence-free intervals (P=0.048) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 , P=0.003). Our results indicate that the biologic role of @entity2394 in @entity0 is complex, but overexpression might be relevant for outcome in @entity513 .

title: Biologic role of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule overexpression in @entity0 cell lines and clinical XXXX tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 suffered a @entity10217 followed by a rapidly progressive @entity10145 . Myelography showed multiple nodules on the lumbar radices. A biopsy showed tissue with numerous Verocay-like bodies, spindle shaped and lymphocytoid cells which was diagnosed as @entity808 . There was a small group of polygonal cells with somewhat irregular and hyperchromatic nuclei. Postoperatively, she developed intracranial @entity101 and died. CT scan and MRI revealed @entity75 consistent with @entity3 . At autopsy the @entity1971 showed multiple nodular lesions with morphology comparable to the biopsy. However, pigment producing cells were also present. There were @entity3 with distinct morphological features in the brain, myocardium, thyroid gland and pancreas. Some consisted of pigmented, large, pleomorphic cells, others of non-pigmented, spindle-shaped and less pleomorphic cells. In this case, the diagnosis of metastasizing @entity2118 is the most plausible hypothesis.

title: Malignant pigmented spinal nerve root XXXX metastasizing in the brain and viscera.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple occipital lesions']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral pluriradicular syndrome']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is scarcity of knowledge about the development of @entity1086 . AIM: To study the features of development and progression of @entity1086 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of histopathological studies of gallbladder obtained in 25,971 cholecytectomies performed in @entity1 aged 45+/- 16 years, 79% females, between 1993 and 2004. Among these, 210 had a @entity1141 not associated to @entity5 and 1,039 had a @entity1086 Clinical and morphological parameters of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions were analyzed. Ninety five percent of @entity1 were followed. RESULTS: All cases of @entity1141 were incidental findings. @entity4648 , @entity1141 and @entity189 in situ were present in the adjacent mucosa in 66%, 81% y 69% of @entity1086 , respectively. Twenty five percent of gallbladders studied were @entity189 ( @entity189 in 18% and muscular @entity189 in 7%). Ninety two percent of cases had @entity32 in the gallbladder wall. Seventy two percent of @entity189 were not detected macroscopically Five years survival of @entity189 was 92%. There was an association between the intensity of the lesion and the age of the @entity1 . The age difference between chronic @entity2679 and @entity1086 was 11 years for @entity1 and nine for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: From a morphological standpoint, the period in which a @entity1141 becomes a @entity189 is approximately 10 years.

title: [Natural history of XXXX . Analysis of biopsy specimens].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'mucous carcinomas', 'mucous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['Metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The whole-body transcriptome of trout alevins was characterised to investigate the effects of long-term feeding of @entity5660 broodstock females a diet free of fishmeal and fish oil on the metabolic capacities of progeny. Effects were studied before first feeding and after 3 weeks of feeding diets containing different proportions of marine and plant ingredients. Feeding alevins plant-based diets resulted in lower fish body weight, irrespective of maternal nutritional history. No differences in whole-body lipids were found between treatments, and the tissue @entity844 profile strongly reflected that of the respective broodstock or first-feeding diets. We showed that the maternal diet history did not significantly affect expressions of any genes before the first feeding. Interestingly, we found an effect of maternal nutritional history on gene expression in alevins after 3 weeks of feeding. The major differences in the transcriptome of alevins from plant-based diet-fed females compared with those from commercial-fed females were as follows: (i) down-regulation of genes involved in muscle growth/contraction and (ii) up-regulation of genes involved in @entity1735 and energy metabolism related to the delay in growth/development observed with plant-based diets. Our findings also showed an effect of the first-feeding diets, irrespective of maternal nutritional history. Specifically, the introduction of plant ingredients resulted in the up-regulation of genes involved in @entity3689 /protein and @entity165 metabolism and in differences in the expressions of genes related to @entity1735 metabolism. Information gained through this study opens up avenues for further reduction of marine ingredients in trout diets, including the whole rearing cycle.

title: Does broodstock nutritional history affect the response of progeny to different first-feeding diets? A whole-body transcriptomic study of XXXX alevins.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the regulation of physiological functions,from stress and memory regulation to vegetative control and immunity. The ECS is considered a central and peripheral stress response system to emotional or physical challenges and acts through endocannabinoids (ECs), which bind to .their receptors inducing subsequent effecting mechanisms. In our studies, the ECS responses have been assessed through blood concentrations of the ECs @entity9393 and @entity9394 . In parallel, saliva @entity701 was determined and the degree of perceived stress was quantified by questionnaires. This report summarizes the reactivity of the ECS in @entity1 subjected to brief periods of kinetic stress and weightlessness during parabolic flights and to prolonged stress exposure during life onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Both conditions resulted in a significant increase in circulating ECs. Under the acute stress during parabolic flights, individuals who showed no evidence of @entity11535 were in low-stress conditions and had a significant increase of plasma ECs. In contrast,highly stressed individuals with severe @entity11535 had an absent EC response and a massive @entity2339 activity. Likewise, chronic but well-tolerated exposure to weightlessness and emotional and environmental stressors on the ISS for 6 months resulted in a sustained increase in EC blood concentrations,which returned to baseline values after the cosmonauts'return. These preliminary results suggest that complex environmental stressors result in an increase of circulating ECs and that enhanced EC signaling is probably required for adaptation and tolerance under stressful conditions.

title: Effects of parabolic flight and spaceflight on the endocannabinoid system in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['motion sickness']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: It is known that @entity5 of several endocrine glands can be induced by a combination of a physiological stress and radiation. It was decided to assess the effect of radiation and of changes in dietary @entity460 on the development of @entity5 in the @entity35 . Three hundred @entity35 were given either 0, 5 or 10 micronCi of 131I in their first day of life. Each of these groups was subdivided after weaning, and maintained on a diet that was either high, normal or low in @entity460 . The animals were killed at intervals up to 27 months of age, and the numbers of @entity5 recorded. @entity5 were first noted at 9 months of age, and their frequency increased steadily with age. The effect of radiation was highly significant, only one @entity5 occurred in a non-irradiated animal. There was a small increase in frequency in @entity5 in the high @entity460 diet grown as compared to the low @entity460 diet group. C cell @entity5 were first noted at 9 months of age, and their incidence again increased with age. Significantly more @entity5 occurred in the radiated than in the non-irradiated animals. No significant variation occurred in relation to dietary @entity460 . It is concluded that an increase in dietary @entity460 , known to be mildly goitrogenic, may also be important in the @entity105 of follicular but not C cell @entity5 , and that radiation, known to be carcinogenic for thyroid follicular cells is also carcinogenic for C cells.

title: Experimental XXXX in the thyroid follicular and C cells. A comparison of the effect of variation in dietary @entity460 and of radiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'thyroid tumours', 'follicular tumours', 'tumours', 'Follicular tumours']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors performed this retrospective study to investigate the impact of using ventilation scans obtained from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in selecting beam directions in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning in @entity2 radiotherapy to spare dosimetrically well ventilated lung. METHODS: For ten consecutive stage III @entity1149 @entity1 , the authors obtained both ventilation/perfusion SPECT scans and four-dimensional CT scans for treatment planning purposes. Each ventilation scan was registered with the corresponding planning CT and ventilation volumes corresponding to either > or = 50% (vv50) or > or = 70% (vv70) of the maximum SPECT count were automatically segmented. For each @entity1 , three IMRT plans were generated: One using nine equally spaced beams optimized according to nonfunctional lung based mean lung dose and lung v20; a second using nine equally spaced beams optimized to avoid vv50 and vv70; and a third plan using only three beams with gantry angles chosen based on minimum mean ventilated lung dose calculated for each conformal beam at every 10 degrees gantry angle avoiding vv50 and vv70. Resultant dose volume histogram indices were calculated for each plan and were compared with respect to calculated SPECT-based ventilation parameters in order to quantify the potential utility of ventilation SPECT in this setting. RESULTS: Two @entity1 groups were identified based on (i) the overlap volume between @entity343 and vv50 and (ii) the average angular mean ventilated lung dose (AAMvLD). The first parameter quantifies the proximity of the @entity343 to well ventilated lung and the second parameter quantifies the degree of ventilation that surrounds the @entity343 . For group 1 @entity1 , < or = 5% of the vv50 overlapped with the @entity343 . For group 2 @entity1 , > 5% of the vv50 overlapped the @entity343 . Group 1 was further classified into subgroups 1A and 1B: For subgroup 1A, AAMvLD is >18 Gy, implying that the functional lung surrounds the @entity343 ; for subgroup 1B, AAMvLD is <18 Gy, implying that the well ventilated lung does not completely surround @entity343 . For subgroup 1A, the plans generated using ventilated lung avoidance reduced dose to vv50 and vv70, with below tolerance dose to normal lung and acceptable coverage of the @entity343 . For subgroup 1B, the dose to the total lung and well ventilated lung are reduced with the beam direction optimization for the three-beam plan. For group 2, there was no significant dosimetric advantage of using SPECT-based ventilation information in IMRT plan optimization. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it is feasible to use SPECT ventilation scans to optimize IMRT beam direction and, subsequently, to reduce dose to ventilated lung when overlap of the @entity343 and the ventilated lung is minimal and that the @entity343 is not surrounded by the ventilated lung. The potential benefit of ventilation SPECT scanning can be determined by preplanning assessment of overlap volumes and the AAMvLD.

title: Intensity modulated radiotherapy of XXXX incorporating SPECT ventilation imaging.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity924 and small partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff tendon are common presentations in sports medicine. No promising treatment has yet been established. Corticosteroid injections may improve symptoms in the short term but do not primarily treat the tendon pathology. Ultrasound-guided autologous tenocyte implantation (ATI) is a novel bioengineered treatment approach for treating @entity924 . We report the first clinical case of ATI in a 20-year-old elite gymnast with a rotator cuff @entity1796 . The @entity1 presented with 12 months of increasing @entity158 during gymnastics being unable to perform most skills. At 1 year after ATI the @entity1 reported substantial improvement of clinical symptoms. Pretreatment and follow-up MRIs were reported and scored independently by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. @entity924 was improved and the partial-thickness tear healed on 3 T MRI. The @entity1 was able to return to national-level competition.

title: Autologous tenocyte implantation, a novel treatment for partial-thickness rotator cuff tear and XXXX in an elite athlete.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Tendinopathy', 'tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injury']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against @entity470 . Emerging evidence showed improved efficacy with the addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), but the data in oriental population are limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy in Chinese @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity1149 @entity1 receiving cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences _ Peking Union Medical College were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristic, efficacy, outcome and @entity137 data were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 were enrolled into this study in which 29 were male, 36 with @entity420 . In the 23 @entity1 who had received palliative chemotherapy previously (with a median of 2 prior chemotherapy regimens), the median progression-free survival (PFS) after the last prior chemotherapy regimen was 2.3 months. For the overall population, 13 (32.5%) @entity1 achieved partial response after cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy. Response rate were 52.9% (9/17) and 17.4% (4/23) in chemotherapy-naive @entity1 and chemotherapy-treated @entity1 , respectively (P=0.018). The median PFS was 4.8 months for the overall population. In chemotherapy-naive @entity1 and chemotherapy-treated @entity1 , the median PFS was 8.4 months and 4.1 months, respectively (P=0.062). The estimated median overall survival was 17.1 months. @entity137 were generally manageable and no treatment-related @entity204 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Cetuximab in addition to chemotherapy appears to be associated with promising efficacy and acceptable @entity137 profile in Chinese @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Further validation is needed.

title: [Efficacy of Cetuximab in Combination with Chemotherapy in Advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) is a severe pressure ulcer, characterized by necrotic tissue mass under intact skin. This communication integrates biomechanical analysis tools described in our previous publications, for reconstructing a "real-world" @entity3145 case. A @entity1 -specific finite element (FE) model was developed utilizing MRI of the thigh of a @entity1 who was found unconscious after an estimated time of 3 days. During that time he lay down on the left side while in his left pocket there was a cellular phone. He developed left proximal thigh pain and @entity4 . MRI of his left thigh revealed @entity121 . To reconstruct this injury, previously reported injury threshold and damage law for muscle tissue were coupled into the FE-model. This allowed a time-dependent description of the size and shape of the @entity3145 . We also simulated a hypothetical case for the same @entity1 anatomy, where no phone was present. Though peak strains were only mildly (<1.2-fold) higher with the phone, the rigid phone structure "shifted" the sites of localized elevated strains substantially with respect to the simulation case where there was no phone present. Peak muscle stresses also did not differ much with/without the phone (<1.7-fold), but when the phone was present, considerably larger (4-fold) volumes of muscle and fat tissues were exposed to elevated (>10 kPa) stresses. By diverting the flow of internal tissue loads, the phone induced two stress concentrations in soft tissues, adjacent to the bone and adjacent to the phone. Since the phone induced elevated stresses in wider regions, it caused the @entity3145 to develop and progress faster. The simulated @entity3145 appeared in muscle tissue in proximity to the bone after approximately 1.5h, and within less than 10 additional minutes it reached the muscle-fat boundary. In conclusion, our biomechanical modeling tools could successfully reconstruct a "real-world" case of @entity3145 , with reasonable similarity to the actual wound shape seen in the MRI. This case study also indicates that although both strain and stress measures can be considered adequate predictors of @entity3145 , tissue stresses appear to perform better than strains.

title: XXXX -specific modeling of deep tissue injury biomechanics in an unconscious @entity1 who developed myonecrosis after prolonged lying.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['deep muscle necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Deep tissue injury', 'DTI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: We examined the association between clinical parameters of disease activity and serum hyaluronic acid (HA) level in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). Fifty-eight @entity1 with knee @entity571 and 40 healthy individuals were included in this study. Demographic data were noted. The radiological evaluation was done according to Kellgren/Lawrence Grading System. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) was used in evaluating the clinical disability caused by @entity571 . Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) level were determined in laboratory evaluations. Serum HA levels (in nanogram per milliliter) of both groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean ages of @entity1 in @entity571 group and control group were 57.58 (9.55) and 43.3(10.2) years, respectively. There was a significant difference between HA levels of both groups (p=0.02). Also, there was a significant correlation between HA level and disease duration (p=0.04), ESR (p=0.001), and @entity1851 level (p<0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between HA levels with WOMAC and radiological grade (p>0.05). There is no satisfactory amount of data regarding HA level in @entity571 . In our study, we demonstrated that HA was in high levels in the serum of @entity1 with @entity571 . We suggest that serum HA levels may be used as a marker to determine the disease activity.

title: Serum hyaluronan levels in XXXX with @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to emphasize the benefits and indications of performing minilaparotomy as surgical approach for occlusive @entity66 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 2011 to July 2012, a total of 23 @entity1 (19 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ), with a median age of 60 years (range 49-75) diagnosed with @entity432 (n=22) or @entity439 (n=1), were included in a retrospective non-randomized clinical study. Among these @entity1 11 underwent aortic bypass procedure by minila parotomy approach (ML group) and 12 @entity1 by standard laparotomy(SL group). Demographic and clinical data, operative data, postoperative recovery data and complications were analysed according to these two groups of @entity1 . Follow-up consisted of clinical examination and duplex scanning at 1, 3,6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the minilaparotomy and standard laparotomy control groups concerning clinical and demographical data. Two surgical conversions to standard laparotomy were necessary (18.18%) in the ML group due to technical difficulties. The mean operative time was shorter in the ML group (124    22 minutes) and the mean aortic clamping time was similar between the two groups.Major differences between the two lots were observed postoperatively;mean @entity190 was more important in the SL group (550 ml) than in the ML group (350 ml) (statistical significance p=0.001, Student test). @entity1 who have undergone standard laparotomy required more fluids (10000   +-2000 ml) in comparison to the other group (6000    1000 ml) p value=0.0001, while the duration of nasogastric suction and period before resuming a liquid diet was both shorter in the ML group (1.1    0.5 days) than those from the SL group (2.5    0.6 days) p value=0.001. The period spent in the ICU was significantly shorter for the ML lot of @entity1 and the median hospitalization time was 5.6 days for @entity1 in ML group,whereas in the SL group the median hospitalization time was 8.9 days (Student test - p value 0.01). We had no 30-day mortality in any of the groups included in the study. One @entity1 from the ML group was readmitted in postoperative day 43 and re-operated on for a prosthetic limb graft @entity715 .Two @entity1 were lost to follow-up and the mean follow-up was 9    1.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Minilaparotomy as surgical approach for @entity2333 is a feasible, safe procedure on selected @entity1 .

title: Minilaparotomy as surgical approach for XXXX -- single center initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac disease']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic diseases']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['aortoiliac occlusive disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of microglia after optic nerve transection in @entity35 . METHOD: Thirty healthy adult female SD @entity35 were randomly grouped to experimental and control groups according to the random number table. The experimental group received an optic nerve transection (ONT) on their right eyes. ONT was performed 1.5 mm from the eye ball. The control group received a surgery on day 5. @entity35 were killed 7 days after the first operation. @entity2479 cells (RGC) were retrograde labeled by placing @entity16853 dye on the stump of the optic nerve. Microglia was immunohistochemically stained in the retinas of normal and 7-day injury groups using ionized calcium adaptive molecular 1 ( @entity16339 ) as the marker. The protein levels of @entity16339 in the retinas were also examined using Western blotting. The number of RGCs was quantified using flatmount of retinas in the two groups. RESULTS: There were some resting microglia ( @entity16339 positive cells) in the nerve fiber layer and inner plexiform layer in the normal control retina. However, microglia showed a moderately activated morphology with increased @entity16339 immunoreactivity in the stroma and processes up to outer plexiform layer. Western blotting showed that the levels of @entity16339 was lower in the normal retina and increased to 2.3-fold 7 days after injury (t = 7.669, P = 0.001). The number of RGCs after injury was (1182    64) per mm(2), decreased to 51% in the normal groups (t = 23.85, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results implicated that microglia was increased and partially activated after the optic nerve transection. This may be a manifestation of the self-protection mechanism of RGCs against the @entity130 .

title: [Increasing expression of microglia in the retina after optic nerve transection in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury insult']

entities_list: @entity16853 :: ('MESH:C049774', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorogold']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Does cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) improve resuscitation rates and limit @entity1188 size after @entity1167 and @entity583 ? DESIGN: Controlled randomized trial with all animals undergoing left anterior descending @entity1563 and subsequent @entity2224 and resuscitation. All animals were supported for four hours after resuscitation in an intensive care setting. INTERVENTION: Group 1 (eight) was resuscitated with standard external CPR and advanced life support. Group 2 (eight) was resuscitated with CPB. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Group hemodynamic, resuscitation variables, number resuscitated, and number of four-hour survivors were compared. Ischemic and @entity39 myocardial weights were determined with histochemical staining techniques in four-hour survivors. @entity1188 size was measured as the ratio of @entity39 weight to @entity63 weight. Significantly fewer @entity235 were resuscitated in group 1 (four of eight) than in group 2 (eight of eight) (P less than .05). Group 2 survivors required significantly less @entity1425 and @entity3303 than group 1 survivors (P less than .05) and higher aortic diastolic and coronary perfusion pressures after CPB (P less than .001). The ratio of @entity296 weight to @entity63 weight at four hours was 0.82 +/- 0.25 in group 1 and 0.22 +/- 0.25 in group 2 (P less than .05). However, collateral blood flow was not measured in this study. CONCLUSION: This pilot study further substantiates the improvement in resuscitation rates obtainable with CPB. CPB may also limit @entity1188 size during the postresuscitation period and requires further study.

title: Improved survival and reduced XXXX with cardiopulmonary bypass reperfusion in a @entity235 model of @entity1563 and @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrotic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 that present with nasal symptoms are uncommon. Management can be difficult due to their aggressive nature, location and extension. METHODS: We report a series of three cases of @entity2013 that enlarged inferiorly presenting initially as @entity480 . RESULTS: Recurrence of symptoms (case 1) prompted testing for serum @entity4090 and examination of histology confirmed the presence of a @entity2013 . In cases 2 and 3, radiological evidence of a pituitary mass prompted testing for a @entity2013 . No @entity1 exhibited clinical signs of @entity4089 . All three cases have @entity5 at 2-4 years after diagnosis, despite @entity4090 levels approaching the normal range on dopaminergic therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity5 that invade the nasal cavity are rare and clinicians should be aware of their existence. A @entity2013 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 . Measurement of serum @entity4090 can expedite a diagnosis and prevent delay of treatment with @entity935 agonists.

title: @entity2013 presenting as XXXX : a series of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma', 'prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'Pituitary tumours', 'nasopharyngeal tumours']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: 24 different antigenic preparations from @entity291 or @entity840 retina and 3 from @entity291 uvea were tested for their ability to induce @entity2479 in @entity840 . Each animal received one injection into the hind foot pads of 0.1 ml og the tissue preparation mixed with an equal volume of complete Freund's adjuvant. The intensity of the disease was assessed by clinical and histological criteria. Homogenates and extracts from whole @entity840 retina are more active than the same preparations from @entity291 retina. Autologous retinal extract is slightly more active than homologous in low doses. In @entity291 retina, the autoantigen(s) is localized in the photoreceptor structures and the pigment epithelium. @entity291 uveal preparations seem to be inactive when the epithelium has been removed. Purified outer segments are very active, as well as soluble extracts of outer segments. Highly purified @entity291 @entity6988 has no immunopathogenic activity. A soluble autoantigen (autoantigen S) has been isolated by preparative isoelectrofocusing from retinas of several species. Autoantigen S from @entity840 induces the disease in @entity840 at a dose of a few micrograms.

title: [Activity of different antigenic preparations from the retina to induce experimental auto-immune XXXX (EAU) in @entity840 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['uveo-retinitis']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['uveo-retinitis']