abstract: BACKGROUND: In October 2011, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued updated recommendations that all pregnant @entity1 routinely receive a dose of @entity116 toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine. OBJECTIVES: We characterized reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) in pregnant @entity1 who received Tdap after this updated recommendation (2011-2015) and compared the pattern of adverse events (AEs) with the period before the updated recommendation (2005-2010). METHODS: We searched the VAERS database for reports of AEs in pregnant @entity1 who received Tdap vaccine after the routine recommendation (11/01/2011-6/30/2015) and compared it to published data before the routine Tdap recommendation (01/01/2005-06/30/2010). We conducted clinical review of reports and available medical records. The clinical pattern of reports in the post-recommendation period was compared with the pattern before the routine Tdap recommendation. RESULTS: We found 392 reports of Tdap vaccination after the routine recommendation. One @entity204 but no maternal @entity204 were reported. No maternal or neonatal @entity204 were reported before the recommendation. We observed an increase in proportion of reports for @entity2209 (1.5-2.8%) and injection site reactions/arm @entity158 (4.5-11.9%) after the recommendation compared to the period before the routine recommendation for Tdap during pregnancy. We noted a decrease in reports of @entity2208 (16.7-1%). After the 2011 Tdap recommendation, in most reports, vaccination (79%) occurred during the third trimester compared to 4% before the 2011 Tdap recommendation. Twenty-six reports of repeat Tdap were received in VAERS; 13 did not report an AE. One medical facility accounted for 27% of all submitted reports. CONCLUSIONS: No new or unexpected vaccine AEs were noted among pregnant @entity1 who received Tdap after routine recommendations for maternal Tdap vaccination. Changes in reporting patterns would be expected, given the broader use of Tdap in pregnant @entity1 in the third trimester.

title: Enhanced surveillance of XXXX toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines in pregnancy in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 2011-2015.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'neonatal death']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance and @entity4854 are common in acutely injured @entity1 , and associated with poor outcomes. In the era of tight @entity413 control, measures of @entity2690 responsiveness (IR) may provide a better indicator of @entity1 status than does the serum @entity413 concentration. We hypothesized that measures of IR during tight glycemic control protocols are associated with @entity281 and may be more predictive than the serum @entity413 concentration. METHODS: All critically injured, mechanically ventilated @entity1 undergo protocolized tight glycemic control with the aid of a computer-based system that calculates the @entity2690 dose using an adapting multiplier ( @entity2690 dose = [blood @entity413 - 60) x M). Consecutive @entity1 on protocol were studied to identify the incidence of positive sterile-site or quantitative bronchoalveolar lavage cultures (>10(4) colony-forming units/mL). @entity1 were stratified by presence and number of positive cultures and analyzed by both serum @entity413 measures and measures of IR (average multiplier and average @entity2690 infusion rate). RESULTS: During the six-month study period, 356 @entity1 were placed on the tight glycemic control protocol. Of these, 101 @entity1 had 192 positive cultures. @entity1 with positive cultures required significantly more hourly @entity2690 than those without a positive culture (3.7 vs. 2.8 units/h; p = or<0.001). Logistic regression showed the @entity2690 dose (odds ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.6, 3.0; p = <0.001) and the adapting multiplier to be independent predictors of the @entity1 having a positive culture among other factors associated with @entity580 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2690 resistance, quantified by hourly @entity2690 dose and median multiplier, confers a higher risk of @entity580 . @entity1 with positive cultures actually had lower admission and median blood @entity413 values over their intensive care unit stays, highlighting the decreased value of this measure as a predictor of outcome in the setting of tight @entity413 control. A greater @entity2690 requirement suggesting resistance may be used as a marker of a higher risk of @entity580 .

title: XXXX resistance heralds positive cultures after severe injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['systemic nosocomial infection', 'nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of a novel @entity134 minimization protocol after renal transplantation at a single Northern California center. INTRODUCTION: We have previously reported our experience on the short-term outcomes in eight @entity1 using our @entity134 minimization protocol. Herein, we present our ongoing experience in using this regimen in 20 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 receiving immunosuppression with a @entity134 minimization protocol at our center from 1/04-12/08 (Group 2) were retrospectively compared with 20 controls (Group 1). RESULTS: At one-month follow-up, Group 2 was observed to have lower @entity470 , hemoglobin, white cell count, and @entity165 . The incidence of adverse events during the first yr was comparable. Three @entity1 in Group 1 displayed histological evidence of acute rejection, one @entity1 in Group 2 developed humoral rejection; another @entity1 in Group 2 had sub-clinical rejection. Surgical complications were observed in 20% of @entity1 in both groups. While 10% of @entity1 in Group 1 developed @entity6 , none was observed in Group 2. Thirty and 40% of @entity1 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, suffered from infectious complications during the first yr. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel @entity134 minimization immunosuppression is safe in @entity1 and associated with no increased risk of rejection and infection.

title: Extended experience with a XXXX minimization immunosuppression protocol in pediatric renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated and compared the efficacy of @entity2421 oral rehydration solutions (ORS), isotonic ion solutions, and distilled water to elucidate the relation between net water absorption and osmolality, or between electrolyte absorption and their ion concentrations in @entity35 small intestine and colon. METHODS: Water and electrolyte absorption from two @entity2421 ORS (Solita-T granules No. 2 [STG2]; @entity1372 60 mEq/L, osmolality 249 mOsm/L, Solita-T granules No. 3 [STG3]; @entity1372 35 mEq/L, osmolality 199 mOsm/L), two isotonic ion solutions (Aqualight [AL]; @entity1372 30 mEq/L, osmolality 290 mOsm/L, Pocarisweat [PS]; @entity1372 21 mEq/L, osmolality 300 mOsm/L), and distilled water, were evaluated by an in vivo perfusion technique with the small intestine and colon of anesthetized @entity35 . RESULTS: In the small intestine and colon, two @entity2421 ORS significantly promoted net water absorption much greater than did two isotonic ion solutions (P < 0.05). Net @entity1372 absorption from two @entity2421 ORS was significantly greater than that from two isotonic ion solutions (P < 0.05). @entity1372 absorption from all solutions was greater in the colon than in the small intestine. Distilled water did not contribute to give net water absorption in the small intestine, but in the colon, it caused almost equivalent net water absorption to that by two @entity2421 ORS. The largest amount of @entity1372 secretion from the small intestine and colon was induced by distilled water. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that low osmolality is a crucial factor to facilitate water absorption, and the electrolytes, @entity1372 and @entity2865 , can effectively be salvaged in the colon.

title: Water and electrolyte absorption from @entity2421 oral rehydration solution in XXXX small intestine and colon.

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Although botulinum toxin A was first introduced to treat strabismus and blepherospasm it is now used in an increasing number of conditions, many in the field of pediatrics. Its action results from a prevention of the release of @entity934 from nerve terminals. A number of studies recording the effects of the toxin in the treatment of @entity306 are reviewed, and although these can be criticized, there seems to be no doubt that it can be of benefit. It is few side effects, but it may reveal an underlying @entity425 . Other disadvantages are its cost and the need for repeated injections. It can be used for the relief of @entity2003 , although the effects in the extrapyramidal form of @entity306 are not so dramatic. Also it can be beneficial in some forms of @entity3519 , rarely if this is generalized, but certainly if it is focal, and especially if there is accompanying @entity158 . There are several conditions seen in @entity1 , such as strabismus, blepherospasm and @entity400 , in which this form of treatment will rarely be indicated; but they will be mentioned. An exception may be spasmodic torticollis during adolescence if it does not respond to other therapy, as it is so disabling. Botulinum toxin can be used to block the discharges from cholinergic sympathetic and parasympathetic terminals. Focal @entity1119 can be very distressing among older @entity1 , and the use of the toxin should sometimes be considered in this and other @entity4148 .

title: The role of botulinus toxin type A in treatment--with special reference to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic disorders']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Axillary node fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has the potential to triage @entity1 with operable @entity0 to initial nodal surgical procedure. Because of variability in the reported accuracy of this test its role and clinical utility in pre-operative staging remains controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the accuracy of ultrasound-guided axillary FNAC in all consecutive clinically T1-2 N0-1 @entity0 that had undergone this test (491 biopsies). We included subjects with clinically or sonographically indeterminate or suspicious nodes. Pathological node status was used as the reference standard (based on axillary dissection or sentinel node biopsy). RESULTS: Sensitivity of node FNAC was 72.6% (67.3-77.9) and specificity was 95.7% (92.5-98.8) for all cases, sensitivity was lower at 64.6% (59.3-70.0) if inadequate cytology was included as a negative result. FNAC sensitivity was highest in @entity1 with clinically suspicious nodes [92.5% (88.2-96.7)] and lowest in @entity1 with sonographically abnormal and clinically negative nodes [50.0% (41.3-58.7)]. Specificity was high in both groups, 81.2% (54.5-96.0) and 97.2% (94.6-99.9), respectively. The false-negative rate was 15.3% (12.1-18.5), the false-positive rate was 1.4% (0.4-2.5), and the inadequacy rate was 10.8% (8.0-13.5). The likelihood of node FNAC being positive was significantly associated with @entity5 grade and stage, and the number of nodes involved with @entity3 . DISCUSSION: Our data show that axillary FNAC has moderate sensitivity (which varies according to selection criteria for the test) and consistently high specificity, is associated with low inadequacy and very few false positives. We estimate that its use would have improved triage to initial nodal procedure in about one quarter of our cases. If one accepts the premise that initial surgical staging of the axilla should be based on all information available through pre-operative diagnosis, then axillary FNAC should be adopted routinely into clinical practice.

title: Accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of axillary lymph nodes as a triage test in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer staging']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Examining >or=12 @entity1600 in @entity694 has been suggested as a quality metric. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the 12 @entity1600 benchmark is achieved at @entity25438 centers compared to a US population-based sample. METHODS: @entity1 with stage I-III disease resected at NCCN centers were identified from a prospective database (n = 718) and were compared to 12,845 stage I-III @entity1 diagnosed in a SEER region. Age, gender, location, stage, number of positive nodes were compared for NCCN and SEER data in regards to number of nodes evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to identify factors associated with evaluating 12 LNs. RESULTS: 92% of NCCN and 58% of SEER @entity1 had >or=12 @entity1600 evaluated. For @entity1 treated at NCCN centers, factors associated with not meeting the 12 @entity1600 target were left-sided @entity5 , stage I disease and BMI >30. CONCLUSIONS: >or=12 @entity1600 are almost always evaluated in NCCN @entity1 . In contrast, this target is achieved in 58% of SEER @entity1 . With longer follow-up of the NCCN cohort we will be able to link this quality metric to patterns of recurrence and survival and thereby better understand whether increasing the number of nodes evaluated is a priority for @entity5 control.

title: Meeting the 12 @entity1600 ( XXXX ) benchmark in @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['LN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a storage vehicle of growth factors has been successfully used in clinical applications, but in most cases the platelets were autologous. However, the large volume of blood withdrawn has detrimental effects on @entity1 with @entity417 or poor general health. To overcome these limitations, this study was designed to separate the growth factors in homologous platelet-rich plasma. METHODS: The gel chromatography with Superdex-75 column was applied to separate PRP supernatants into 4 major fractions. Then the four fractions were vacuumed freeze-dried and re-dissolved in @entity1391 buffered saline. Proteins concentrations in PRP and in four fractions were detected by @entity8281 protein assay; platelet derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The effects of fractions on the proliferation of @entity1 marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were determined by @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. RESULTS: PRP supernatants were separated into four major fractions by gel chromatography. The proteins recovery was 96.72%. Of the four fractions, fraction B contained the highest @entity2533 and PDGF-AB levels, and the highest proteins concentrations. Cell proliferation curves of MSC demonstrated that fraction B and C induced a remarkable increase of @entity98 values compared to the untreated culture (P < 0.05), and the effects of fraction B and C showed no significant difference compared to the PRP group (P > 0.05). Fraction A and D showed no significant difference to the negative control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The growth factors in PRP supernatants could be preliminarily separated into four fractions by gel chromatography, and the freeze-drying fractions retained the biological activity of growth factors. The growth factors were mostly presented in fraction B and C, and they promoted cell proliferation effectively.

title: Preliminary separation of the growth factors in platelet-rich plasma: effects on the proliferation of XXXX marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor beta1']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity8281 :: ('MESH:C047117', 'Chemical') :: ['bicinchoninic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the yield of @entity14 at routine colonic evaluation after radiologically proven @entity697 . BACKGROUND: Acute @entity4436 accounts for 152,000 hospitalizations in the United States alone. Current guidelines recommend routine colonic evaluation after @entity697 to confirm the diagnosis and exclude @entity5 . However, research suggests that the yield of @entity14 after computed tomography-proven uncomplicated @entity4436 may be low. In the era of widespread computed tomographic scanning for @entity4436 , routine colonic evaluation after @entity4436 may represent a nonessential burden on health care resources. METHODS: The PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, BIREME, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. Original studies of colonic evaluation after proven @entity697 were included. Meta-analysis of data from included studies was performed using a DerSimonian Laird random effect proportion analysis. RESULTS: Eleven studies from 7 countries were included in the analysis. Out of a pooled population of 1970 @entity1 , @entity5 was found in 22. The pooled proportional estimate of @entity5 was 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9%-2.8%). Of the 1497 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity4436 , @entity5 was found in 5 (proportional estimate of risk 0.7%; CI, 0.3%-1.4%). Of the 79 @entity1 with complicated disease, @entity5 was found in 6 (proportion estimate of risk 10.8%; CI, 5.2%-21.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity5 after a radiologically proven episode of acute uncomplicated @entity4436 is low. In the absence of other indications, routine colonoscopy may not be necessary. @entity1 with complicated @entity4436 still have a significant risk of @entity14 at subsequent colonic evaluation.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of routine colonic evaluation after radiologically confirmed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe a method that explicitly considers both a health-care programmes cost-effectiveness and its affordability. For illustration, we apply the method to the programme to vaccinate @entity1 against @entity1956 in the Gambia. METHODS: We synthesized selected data and developed a computer-based model from the societal and payer perspectives to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of routine @entity1 vaccination against @entity1956 in the Gambia compared with no vaccination. The primary outcome measure was cost per averted disability-adjusted life year (DALY), which was expressed in 2002 US dollars. We used Monte Carlo methods for uncertainty analysis to examine the affordability of the programme from the payers perspective, and we derived an affordability curve and cost-effectiveness affordability curves for the programme. FINDINGS: In the Gambia, vaccinating @entity1 against @entity1956 is highly cost-effective. Compared with offering no intervention, the vaccination programme would cost US  28 per DALY averted from the societal perspective or US  47 per DALY averted from the payers perspective. The programme also has the potential to be affordable, starting at a relatively low budget of US  160,000 per year. Combining the two dimensions of the outcome measure, the probability that vaccinating @entity1 would be both cost-effective and affordable is 40% at an annual programme budget of US  182,000 (the estimated total programme cost from the payers perspective), given a threshold cost-effectiveness value of US  47 per DALY averted. CONCLUSION: In the face of uncertainties about both the health and economic consequences of a vaccine programme, as well as the availability and magnitude of resources needed to fund the programme, cost-effectiveness affordability curves can provide information to decision-makers about the probability that a programme will be both cost-effective and affordable: these are distinct but equally relevant considerations in resource-poor settings.

title: Economic evaluation of XXXX vaccination in low-income countries: using cost-effectiveness affordability curves.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT), pharmacokinetics, and antitumor effects of @entity26064 , a novel @entity9800 analog, in refractory solid @entity5 @entity1 . @entity26064 was given for 5 consecutive days for 2 weeks, repeated every 3 weeks at 1.5 to 270 mg/m(2). Adverse events were monitored following NCI-CTC. Pharmacokinetics of @entity13629 and total forms were determined using validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and noncompartmental methods. Efficacy was evaluated applying World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The 1st course was used to determine DLT and MTD. Twenty-five @entity1 received 73 courses of therapy. Myelosuppression and @entity294 were DLTs. MTD was 120 mg/m(2)/day. AUC increased approximately linearly with dose. The t(1/2) for @entity13629 and total forms was 9.9 and 29 hours, respectively. AUCs correlated significantly with nadir @entity1210 and grade 4 @entity294 . Two complete responses (CRs) and 2 partial responses (PRs) were observed. In addition, 4 stable diseases were observed. The recommended phase II dose is 80 mg/m(2)/day.

title: Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of an orally active novel XXXX analog, @entity26064 , in @entity5 @entity1 in a phase I dose escalation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity9800 :: (MESH:D002166,Chemical) :: ['camptothecin']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with genetic and environmental factors but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified @entity28 - and type 2 @entity6 -associated genetic variants located within or near genes that modulate brain activity and development. Among the top hits is @entity24854 near @entity1628 , encoding for the @entity1628 , which is expressed in brain regions that regulate eating. Here, we hypothesized @entity24854 -associated changes in @entity1 brain regions that regulate eating behavior. Therefore, we examined effects of common variants at @entity24854 near @entity1628 on brain structure and eating behavior. Only in female homozygous carriers of the risk allele we found significant increases of gray matter volume (GMV) in the right amygdala, a region known to influence eating behavior, and the right hippocampus, a structure crucial for memory formation and learning. Further, we found bilateral increases in medial orbitofrontal cortex, a multimodal brain structure encoding the subjective value of reinforcers, and bilateral prefrontal cortex, a higher order regulation area. There was no association between @entity24854 and brain structure in @entity1 . Moreover, among female subjects only, we observed a significant increase of 'disinhibition', and, more specifically, on 'emotional eating' scores of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire in carriers of the variant @entity24854 's risk allele. These findings suggest that @entity24854 's effect on eating behavior is mediated by central mechanisms and that these effects are sex-specific.

title: Common genetic variation near XXXX has a sex-specific impact on @entity1 brain structure and eating behavior.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1628 :: ('4160', 'Gene') :: ['melanocortin-4-receptor', 'MC4R']

answer: @entity1628 :: (4160,Gene) :: ['MC4R']


abstract: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity7854 of the @entity2172 seen from 1978 through 1989 are reviewed. The most common presentation was that of an asymptomatic white mass behind a normal intact tympanic membrane. Computed tomography (CT) scan was useful in documenting extension beyond the mesotympanum. Surgical removal was performed using an extended tympanotomy for lesions in the @entity2172 and tympanomastoidectomy for those that had extended into attic and mastoid air cells. Observation over an average 3.1-year period indicated that 80% of @entity1 were free of disease after initial surgery. @entity66 that required further surgery was present in 20%. The importance of early diagnosis of @entity7854 is strongly advocated. The prognosis is better when the @entity3540 is confined to the anterosuperior quadrant of the @entity2172 . Seventeen @entity1 in this study had such a lesion, and extended tympanotomy allowed removal of an encapsulated closed @entity3540 with normal postoperative hearing and no residual @entity3540 . The average age was 2.3 years. Temporal bone histopathological studies of three cases of @entity7854 demonstrate two distinct pathological types of @entity7854 . A "closed" keratotic cyst in the anterior mesotympanum, which is easily removed, and an "open" infiltrative type in which there is no containment of the keratotic debris and the @entity3540 matrix is in direct continuity with @entity2172 . Surgical extirpation of the "open" type is difficult and more likely to be associated with @entity66 .

title: @entity7854 of the XXXX in @entity1 : a clinical and histopathological report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear', 'middle ear mucosa']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity7854 :: ('MESH:C562858', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['middle ear']


abstract: In order to better understand the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of @entity309 ( @entity309 ), the level of various lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of 29 @entity1 with @entity309 was determined. All the @entity1 were treated with @entity1499 for 2 years. The total number and the proportion of CD3 cells, CD3+ @entity404 + and CD3+ @entity405 + cells did not change during the study. The initially increased level of @entity1075 + B-cells and @entity1075 + @entity5893 + cells decreased during the treatment. The percentage of CD3- @entity4071 + natural killer cells was not affected by the treatment. At the inception of the study, we observed a deficiency of @entity404 + CD45RA+ cells and the level of CD3+ @entity2393 + cells was slightly increased. During the treatment we noticed significant elevation of CD45RA cells. Consequently, the @entity2393 / @entity1195 RA ratio significantly decreased. We showed significant correlation between changes in disease activity and changes in the level of @entity1075 + cells and @entity404 + @entity2393 + cells. Our results suggest that low-dose @entity1499 may affect immunocompetent cells. The lowering in the @entity2393 + subset population associated with depletion of @entity1075 B-cells after @entity1499 therapy may limit abnormal @entity404 + cell activation and reduce the migration of lymphocytes into inflamed synovium.

title: Quantitative changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in erosive @entity309 XXXX treated with @entity1499 . Correlation with disease activity.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'erosive RA', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A number of studies have been published on the benefits of prophylactic treatment in adults with @entity447 . However, in many countries, it is considered as optional due to financial constraints. This survey was carried out to examine the long-term effects of prophylaxis and the continuing benefit of the treatment into adulthood. Self-assessed health-related data and the EQ-5D questionnaire measuring health utility were collected from 124 @entity1 (26.9    4.6 years) from Canada (N = 40), France (N = 14), Ireland (N = 17), the Netherlands (N = 16), Poland (N = 24) and the UK (N = 13). The respondents were split into four groups: On-Demand, <50% life on prophylaxis, >=  50% life on prophylaxis, Prophylaxis. Overall, long-term prophylaxis results in lower presence of @entity2720 (P  <= 0.001), occurrence of serious @entity548 episodes (P  <= 0.05), recurring @entity548 episodes (P  <= 0.01) and requirement for surgical procedures (P  <= 0.05). Furthermore, health utility (P  <= 0.01) in the On-demand group was significantly lower (P  <= 0.01) compared to the >=  50% life on prophylaxis and the Prophylaxis group. No significant differences between countries were found except between the Netherlands and Poland, with Poland showing the lowest health utility (P  <= 0.01) and the most problems with mobility (P  <= 0.05) and @entity158 /discomfort (P  <= 0.001). The Netherlands showed the highest health utility (0.915) followed by Canada (0.791), Ireland (0.786), UK (0.768), France (0.687) and Poland (0.629). The results demonstrate consistently higher quality of life of individuals who are on long-term prophylactic treatment when compared to on-demand treatment or intermittent prophylaxis and on -demand treatment.

title: A survey of the outcome of prophylaxis, on-demand treatment or combined treatment in 18-35-year old @entity1 with severe XXXX in six countries.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['target joints']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine possible sites of therapeutic action of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), by correlating acute VNS-induced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) alterations and chronic therapeutic responses. BACKGROUND: We previously found that VNS acutely induces rCBF alterations at sites that receive vagal afferents and higher-order projections, including dorsal medulla, somatosensory cortex (contralateral to stimulation), thalamus and cerebellum bilaterally, and several limbic structures (including hippocampus and amygdala bilaterally). METHODS: VNS-induced rCBF changes were measured by subtracting resting rCBF from rCBF during VNS, using [O-15]water and PET, immediately before ongoing VNS began, in 11 partial @entity302 @entity1 . T-statistical mapping established relative rCBF increases and decreases for each @entity1 . Percent changes in frequency of complex partial @entity410 (with or without secondary generalization) during three months of VNS compared with pre-VNS baseline, and T-thresholded rCBF changes (for each of the 25 regions of previously observed significant CBF change), were rank ordered across @entity1 . Spearman rank correlation coefficients assessed associations of @entity410 -frequency change and t-thresholded rCBF change. RESULTS: @entity410 -frequency changes ranged from 71% decrease to 12% increase during VNS. Only the right and left thalami showed significant associations of rCBF change with @entity410 -frequency change. Increased right and left thalamic CBF correlated with @entity410 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increased thalamic synaptic activities probably mediate some antiseizure effects of VNS. Future studies should examine neurotransmitter-receptor alterations in reticular and specific thalamic nuclei during VNS.

title: Acute blood flow changes and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure', 'decreased seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity51 is a problem in @entity1 with @entity299 . Near-infrared spectroscopy may provide a real-time window into cerebral oxygenation. Enthusiasm for near-infrared spectroscopy has increased hopes of reducing @entity51 . However, potential gains need to be evaluated relative to cost before routine implementation. Responding to data in ways that seem intuitively beneficial can be risky when the long-term impact is unknown. Thus, we performed a systematic review of the literature on near-infrared spectroscopy in @entity299 . METHODS: A literature search from 1950 to April 2007 for near-infrared spectroscopy in @entity299 was undertaken. We identified 54 manuscripts and\13 reviews. RESULTS: There were 47 case series, 4 randomized trials, and 3 retrospective studies. Two studies had postdischarge follow-up, one incorporating neurologic testing. Neither of these studies demonstrated a benefit. One retrospective study, which included near-infrared spectroscopy and other intraoperative measures of cerebral perfusion, demonstrated a @entity51 using this combination of monitors. Three small studies were able to correlate near-infrared spectroscopy with other clinical and radiologic findings. CONCLUSIONS: Many centers, and even entire countries, have adopted near-infrared spectroscopy as standard of care. The available data suggest that multimodality monitoring, including near-infrared spectroscopy, may be a useful adjunct. The current literature on the use of near-infrared spectroscopy alone, however, does not demonstrate improvement in neurologic outcome. The data correlating near-infrared spectroscopy findings with indirect measures of neurologic outcome or mortality are limited. Although near-infrared spectroscopy has promise for measuring regional tissue @entity26 saturation, the lack of data demonstrating improved outcomes limits the support for widespread implementation.

title: Near-infrared spectroscopy: what we know and what we need to know--a systematic review of the XXXX literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic dysfunction', 'neurologic dysfunction', 'decrease in neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: @entity11597 is a rare @entity43 that is composed of both Sertoli cells and granulosa cells. Only 23 cases have been reported in the literature, and recurrence has never been described. We report the first case of a recurrent @entity11597 along with its molecular analysis and immunohistochemical studies. A 49-year-old Gravida 0 @entity1 with a 10-year prior diagnosis of @entity43 (well-differentiated @entity722 ) and staging laparotomy, presented now with a retroperitoneal mass and an elevated inhibin level. CT scan was suspicious for recurrence. The @entity1 had no prior adjuvant therapy. The histomorphological features of the recurrent @entity5 had both @entity722 . The molecular analysis of both primary and recurrent @entity5 showed minor genetic instability in the 17q12.2 gene locus with no dedifferentiation or progression, which is consistent with a low-grade @entity5 . The immunohistochemical staining profile showed positivity for @entity3778 , inhibin, calretinin, and @entity2277 ; focal positivity for cytokeratin @entity1325 / @entity1326 and negative for EMA and melan-A. All the previously mentioned immunostainings support the diagnosis. We report the first case of a recurrent @entity11597 10 years after initial presentation along with its molecular analysis and immunohistochemical studies.

title: Recurrent XXXX case report: a molecular and immunohistochemical analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor', 'ovarian-mixed stromal tissue tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli cell and granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity11597 :: ('MESH:D018312', 'Disease') :: ['gynandroblastoma', 'Gynandroblastoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['gynandroblastoma of ovary-A']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of different parameters of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and changes in the @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) signal pathway in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 were randomized into control, @entity6 ( @entity3918 ), @entity6 with sham GES ( @entity3918 + SGES), @entity6 with GES1 (5.5 cpm, 100 ms, 4 mA) ( @entity3918 + GES1), @entity6 with GES2 (5.5 cpm, 300 ms, 4 mA) ( @entity3918 + GES2) and @entity6 with GES3 (5.5 cpm, 550 ms, 2 mA) ( @entity3918 + GES3) groups. The expression levels of c-kit, M-SCF and @entity2135 receptors were evaluated in the gastric antrum using Western blot analysis. The distribution of ICCs was observed using immunolabeling for c-kit, while smooth muscle cells and @entity2135 receptors were identified using a-SMA and @entity7814 antibodies. Serum level of @entity2135 was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Gastric emptying was delayed in the @entity3918 group but improved in all GES groups, especially in the GES2 group. The expression levels of c-kit, M-SCF and @entity7814 were decreased in the @entity3918 group but increased in all GES groups. More ICCs (c-kit(+)) and smooth muscle cells (a-SMA(+)/ @entity7814 (+)) were observed in all GES groups than in the @entity3918 group. The average level of @entity2135 in the @entity3918 group was markedly decreased, but it was up-regulated in all GES groups, especially in the GES2 group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that long-pulse GES promotes the regeneration of ICCs. The @entity2135 signaling pathway might be involved in the mechanism underlying this process, which results in improved gastric emptying.

title: Long-pulse gastric electrical stimulation protects interstitial cells of Cajal in XXXX @entity35 via @entity2135 signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic low-grade systemic @entity32 is a key component in atherogenesis. @entity1168 variability (HRV), a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, has been associated with elevations in circulating levels of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity650 , and @entity2002 in apparently healthy individuals. We investigated whether decreased HRV is associated with inflammatory markers in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ). METHODS: We studied the relationship between HRV and @entity1851 , @entity650 , and @entity2002 in 862 outpatients with @entity301 . All @entity1 provided fasting blood samples and underwent 24-h ambulatory monitoring to assess time-domain measures of HRV (MeanNN, SDNN, SDANN, and RMSSD). Regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking, @entity6 , beta blocker use, and cardiopulmonary history. RESULTS: MeanNN, SDNN, and SDANN were significantly and inversely associated with @entity1851 and @entity650 levels in age-adjusted models and after adjustment for all covariates (p   <=  0.02). MeanNN, SDNN, and SDANN were also inversely associated with @entity2002 levels in age-adjusted models (p  <  0.03), but not significantly so in multivariable-adjusted models. Reduced vagal modulation of heart rate (RMSSD) was not significantly associated with any inflammatory measures. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced cardiac autonomic control is associated with @entity32 in @entity1 with stable @entity301 . This relationship was largely independent of important covariates.

title: Heart rate variability and biomarkers of systemic @entity32 in @entity1 with stable XXXX : findings from the Heart and Soul Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'increased systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased heart rate']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity28 is a chronic @entity32 mediated in large part by the activation of inflammatory macrophages. This @entity32 underlies a whole host of diseases including @entity731 , @entity1560 , insulin resistance, @entity164 2 @entity6 , and @entity5 , among others. Macrophages are generally classified as either inflammatory or alternatively activated. Some tissue-resident macrophages are derived from yolk sac erythromyeloid progenitors and fetal liver progenitors that seed tissues during embryogenesis and have the ability to repopulate through local proliferation. These macrophages tend to be anti-inflammatory in nature and are generally involved in tissue remodeling, repair, and homeostasis. Alternatively, during @entity32 induced by @entity28 , bone marrow monocyte-derived macrophages are recruited to inflamed tissues, where they produce proinflammatory cytokines and exacerbate @entity32 . The extent to which these two populations of macrophages are plastic in their phenotype remains controversial. We have demonstrated previously that the @entity7277 receptor @entity4149 kinase is expressed on tissue-resident macrophages, where it limits inflammatory macrophage activation and promotes a repair phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate that @entity7277 is expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages during @entity32 induced by @entity28 that exhibit a repair phenotype as determined by the expression of @entity20503 . In addition, we demonstrate that the @entity7277 receptor plays a protective role in the progression of diet-induced @entity28 , hepatosteatosis, and @entity731 . These results suggest that altering macrophage heterogeneity in vivo could have the potential to alleviate @entity28 -associated diseases.

title: The @entity7277 Receptor @entity4149 Kinase Regulates Macrophage Heterogeneity and Plays a Protective Role in Diet-Induced XXXX , @entity731 , and Hepatosteatosis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: With the object of investigating the occurrence of @entity158 and dysaesthesiae in the scar following mastectomy, 120 were interviewed by a standard questionnaire in a prospective study. These @entity1 had commenced postoperative control or treatment in the Department of Oncology in the University Hospital of Aarhus consecutively during a one-year period. One hundred and ten of these @entity1 were interviewed again one year later. In 92% of the @entity1 with @entity158 and dysaesthesiae, these appeared within the first three months postoperatively. At the first interview, 42 @entity1 (35%) had @entity158 and 15 of these (13%) experienced constant @entity158 . One year later, 25 @entity1 (23%) still had @entity158 and 13 @entity1 (12%) had experienced persistent @entity158 throughout the entire year. Two of the @entity1 (8%) with @entity158 had @entity158 while, at the second interview, 14 @entity1 (56%) reported that the @entity158 lasted for seconds. Twenty-seven @entity1 (23%) had dysaesthesiae at the first interview while 29 @entity1 experienced these continually one year after operation. Both the intensity and the duration of the @entity158 diminished with the elapse of time. This held also true where dysaesthesiae were concerned but was not so marked.

title: [ XXXX and dysesthesias in the mastectomy scar].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['scar pain', 'pain', 'constant pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study peculiarities and the mechanism of the anticancer effect of free and @entity5348 copolymer-bound ADR in sensitive and resistant @entity1 @entity43 cells. METHODS: Sensitive A2780 and ADR resistant A2780/AD cells were exposed to different doses of drugs during 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours. Cell viability, drug accumulation, apoptosis, cellular metabolism, lipid peroxidation, DNA content and gene expression were studied. RESULTS: @entity5348 copolymer-bound ADR (P(GFLG)-ADR) possessed a comparable @entity137 to free ADR when comparison was based on intracellular concentrations. While free ADR up-regulated genes encoding @entity855 driven efflux pumps ( @entity1262 , @entity11092 ), P(GFLG)-ADR overcame existing pumps and down regulated the @entity11092 gene. Free ADR also activated cell metabolism and expression of genes responsible for detoxification and DNA repair. P(GFLG)-ADR down-regulated @entity2285 , GST-pi, BUDP, Topo-IIalpha, beta, and TK-1 genes. Apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were significantly higher after exposure to P(GFLG)-ADR, as reflected by simultaneous activation of @entity876 , @entity1639 in A2780 cells) or @entity1178 (A2780/AD) signaling pathways and inhibition of the @entity588 gene. Differences between free ADR and P(GFLG)-ADR increased with the time of incubation and drug concentration. CONCLUSIONS: P(GFLG)-ADR overcame drug efflux pumps, more significantly induced apoptosis and lipid peroxidation, inhibited DNA repair, replication, and biosynthesis when compared to free ADR.

title: Comparison of the anticancer effect of free and @entity5348 copolymer-bound adriamycin in XXXX @entity43 cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The current study was conducted to determine whether topical anesthesia with oral sedation and without an anesthetist present in the operating room is a safe and cost-effective strategy for low-risk @entity1 undergoing @entity231 surgery. METHODS: This retrospective interventional case series included cases conducted between 2001 and 2003 at the Brandon Regional Health Centre in Brandon, Manitoba. @entity1 with visually significant @entity231 were screened for study inclusion by using the following criteria: good general health, good dilation, moderate @entity231 , cooperation with in-office tests and procedures, and understanding of @entity231 surgery. Oral sedation was provided by @entity2934 , and an anesthetist was available to manage any medical adverse events. Topical anesthesia was achieved by means of @entity6513 drops, @entity3303 jelly, and intracameral @entity3303 , as necessary. Main outcome measures were heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, @entity26 saturation, intraoperative complications, and medical adverse events necessitating anesthetist intervention. RESULTS: A total of 538 eyes of 373 @entity1 were included in the @entity231 surgery case series. No medical adverse events were reported in 454 cases (84.4%); 84 @entity1 (15.6%) experienced adverse events, classified as mild in 13.5%, moderate in 1.1%, and severe in 0.9% (5 cases). The most common adverse event was mild @entity158 , experienced in 69 procedures (12.8%). Moderate @entity158 , necessitating use of intracameral 1% @entity3303 , occurred in 3 procedures (0.6%). INTERPRETATION: Topical anesthesia appears to be a safe alternative to injection anesthesia without many of the disadvantages of the latter and may be preferable in carefully selected @entity1 .

title: Safety of XXXX surgery under topical anesthesia with oral sedation without anesthetic monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine hydrochloride', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical profiles, imaging findings and outcomes and field test the diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Classification of @entity2794 , 2nd edition (ICHD-II) in @entity1 with @entity10 associated with sexual activity (HSA). METHODS: We recruited 30 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 , mean age at onset 40.2  10.0 years) with @entity10 associated with sexual activity at a @entity10 clinic from 2004 to 2009. None of the @entity1 had @entity51 at onset. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 (67%) had secondary causes, including one @entity510 , one basilar @entity4066 , and 18 cases @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). Ten @entity1 (33%) had primary HSA. The demographics, @entity10 profiles, drug response and clinical course were similar between primary and secondary HSA. Compared to prior studies done in Western societies, our @entity1 had similar clinical features but with a higher ratio of females (50%) and a higher frequency of chronic course (39%). DISCUSSION: Sixty-seven percent of @entity1 with @entity1779 could not fulfill the criteria of reversible @entity2333 of the central nervous system (Code 6.7.3) proposed by the ICHD-II. The most common reason was @entity10 resolution in more than two months. In addition, 40% of @entity1 with primary HSA could not fulfill the ICHD-II criteria for primary HSA (Code 4.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that @entity1504 were very common in @entity1 with HSA. Thorough neurovascular imaging is required for all @entity1 with HSA.

title: Clinical features, imaging findings and outcomes of XXXX associated with sexual activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Disorders']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['RCVS', 'reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['artery dissection']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: Twelve cases of @entity1893 and @entity3052 or one of its variants are reported. An additional 33 cases from the literature are reviewed. The mean interval between the diagnosis of @entity706 and @entity3052 is 5.2 years. In 5 @entity1 the two diseases occurred simultaneously or within 6 months of each other. All but 10 of the 45 @entity1 received radiation therapy for their @entity706 . Nine @entity1 had either total nodal or total body irradiation or both. Eight @entity1 received chemotherapy alone. No @entity1 was untreated. Survival after the diagnosis of @entity3052 ranged from 3 days to 14 months, with a median of 3 months. Four @entity1 achieved complete hematological remission following antileukemic therapy. @entity3052 is estimated to occur in @entity1 with @entity1893 in New York State with a 37-fold increased frequency over the expected number. Although @entity3052 may occur in a higher than expected frequency in @entity1 with @entity1893 because of an increased risk of a second @entity5 in @entity1 with a @entity5 , it seems more likely that the @entity3052 may be related to the radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy administered to treat the @entity706 . Late @entity204 from @entity1778 after chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic remission of advanced @entity1893 is preferable to morbidity and/or early @entity204 from untreated or inadequately treated @entity706 .

title: XXXX and @entity3052 : a report of 12 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'Acute leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased arterial stiffness, an independent risk factor for premature @entity453 , has been reported in @entity1 with @entity309 . The objectives of this study were first to assess, in @entity1 with @entity309 , the relationship between disease activity, @entity32 and augmentation index, which is a combined measure of arterial stiffness and pulse wave reflection. The second objective was to establish any effect anti-rheumatic treatment may have on augmentation index. METHODS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity309 @entity1 with no previous history of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) had their augmentation index corrected for a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx@75), and parameters of @entity309 activity and CV risk measured. Forty-seven @entity1 were then treated with either @entity1500 (n = 21) or etanercept ( @entity31126 ) (n = 26), and assessments were repeated at 2 and 4 months. RESULTS: @entity1 with high CRP (> 10 mg/l) showed significantly higher mean AIx@75 than those with low CRP (< or = 10 mg/l) (33 +/- 8 vs 30 +/- 8%; P = 0.033). On regression analysis, log(10) CRP (beta = 0.298; P = 0.002), gender (beta = 0.257; P = 0.007), BMI (beta = -0.292; P = 0.004), diastolic blood pressure (beta = 0.260; P = 0.009) and age (beta = 0.194; P = 0.046) were independently associated with AIx@75. Treatment with @entity31126 (35 +/- 9, 32.5 +/- 1 and 32.5 +/- 8%; P = 0.025) but not @entity1500 (31 +/- 1, 31 +/- 1 and 31 +/- 1%; P = 0.971) attenuated the AIx@75 significantly from baseline to Visits 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: @entity32 (CRP) is an independent predictor of arterial stiffness and pulse wave reflection in @entity1 with @entity309 . @entity31126 but not @entity1500 therapy reduces arterial stiffness and pulse wave reflection and may thus improve CV morbidity in @entity309 .

title: Etanercept improves XXXX -associated arterial stiffness in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA disease', 'RA']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Whether low-dose @entity117 ( @entity117 [ @entity1281 ]) produces intestinal damage is controversial. Our aim was to determine whether the small bowel is damaged by low-dose @entity1281 on a short-term basis. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers (age range, 19-64 years) underwent video capsule endoscopy (VCE), fecal calprotectin, and permeability tests ( @entity969 and @entity11884 / @entity2656 [lac/ @entity1 ] ratio) before and after ingestion of 100 mg of enteric-coated @entity1281 daily for 14 days. Video capsule images were assessed by 2 independent expert endoscopists, fully blinded to the treatment group, by using an endoscopic scale. RESULTS: Post- @entity1281 VCE detected 10 cases (50%) with @entity16 not apparent in baseline studies (6 cases had petechiae, 3 had erosions, and 1 had @entity548 stigmata in 2 @entity1066 ). The median baseline lac/ @entity1 ratio (0.021; range, 0.011-0.045) increased after @entity1281 use (0.036; range, 0.007-0.258; P = .08), and the post- @entity1281 lac/ @entity1 ratio was above the upper end of normal (>0.025) in 10 of 20 volunteers (vs baseline, P < .02). The median baseline fecal calprotectin concentration (6.05 microg/g; range, 1.9-79.2) also increased significantly after @entity1281 use (23.9 microg/g; range, 3.1-75.3; P < .0005), with 3 @entity1 having values above the cutoff (>50 microg/g). Five of 10 subjects with abnormal findings at VCE also had lac/ @entity1 ratios above the cutoff. Median baseline sucrose urinary excretion (70.0 mg; range, 11.8-151.3) increased significantly after @entity1281 administration (107.0 mg; range, 22.9-411.3; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The short-term administration of low-dose @entity1281 is associated with mucosal @entity29 , which might have implications in clinical practice.

title: Low-dose XXXX affects the small bowel mucosa: results of a pilot study with a multidimensional assessment.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the small bowel mucosa']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: 1. Chronic @entity1068 intake during 6, 8, 10 or 12 weeks resulted in a decrease of 125I-vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ) binding to @entity35 enterocytes. 2. Native peptide displaced 125I- @entity12180 binding to enterocytes, exhibiting a IC50 at about 4 nM native @entity12180 in control and @entity1068 -treated animals. 3. The number of binding sites in @entity1068 -treated animals were significantly diminished when compared to control animals. This reduction is observed in both the high-affinity and the low-affinity binding sites. 4. Increasing concentrations of native @entity12180 produced a similar @entity1919 rise in enterocytes from control or @entity1068 -treated @entity35 during 6 weeks. However, after 8 weeks of @entity1068 treatment, a significant decrease in @entity1919 production stimulated by @entity12180 was observed.

title: Chronic XXXX intake inhibits both the vasoactive intestinal peptide binding and the associated @entity1919 production in @entity35 enterocytes.

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep is usually considered as a factor for good health and personal equilibrium. However, the epidemiology of @entity22 , which is the most frequent of @entity25 , is still unknown in France. METHODS: All epidemiological studies concerning the prevalence of @entity22 and its associated factors carried out in France and published between 1980 and 2009 have been extracted from Medline. Subsequently, a research of reports not indexed in Medline has been carried out in the national Public health Database. We also sought the presence of questions concerning @entity25 in questionnaires and reports from health surveys in the general population. RESULTS: In the general population, six specific studies had been undertaken between 1987 and 2003 while there had been eight occupational studies between 1980 and 2000. Surveys in schoolchildren and in students focused on the daytime tiredness due to lack of sleep but few studies investigated @entity22 in @entity1 and teenagers. Methodological differences as well as the heterogeneity in the @entity74 yielded very diverse prevalences. Between 30 and 50% of adults in France declared the presence of at least one @entity25 while the prevalence of @entity22 using the DSM-IV criteria concerned between 15 and 20% of the population. @entity1 reported @entity25 more frequently than @entity1 . @entity25 were associated with work absenteeism. Comorbidity with @entity148 and @entity308 has also been highlighted in several studies. CONCLUSION: Surveillance of @entity25 appears as an important public health issue requiring prior standardization of questionnaires and survey methods.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in France].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['definition of the disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disorders', 'sleep disorders', 'sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Elimination of plantarization of the tip of the toe and torsion of digit  1 (D1) or D5  using percutaneous tenotomy of the @entity1795 ( @entity1795 ) - or the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) muscle. INDICATIONS: Flexible, in some cases also fixated @entity893 and torsion misalignment of the distal phalanx of the toe with plantarization of physiologically non-loaded bearing parts of the toes in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity16 ). CONTRAINDICATIONS: @entity63 . SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Percutaneous tenotomy of the @entity1795 or FDL tendons using the minimally invasive lancet technique without the use of a tourniquet while the tendon is flexed by causing hyperextension of the distal phalanx and simultaneous extension of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) or interphalangeal (IP) joints. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Immediate full weight-bearing mobilization in sufficiently wide protective footwear with customized cushioning or a @entity6 -adapted foot bed, follow-up in initially frequent intervals (2-4 per week) in order to track the development of the transfer lesions. In the case of existing wounds, more frequent visits and relief of the wounds using a post-operative shoe are required. No @entity715 prevention with full weight-bearing is necessary. RESULTS: In 138 @entity1 with @entity6 with @entity305 , of which 90  were @entity1 (65.2   %) and 48  were @entity1 (34.8   %) with a median age of 65.1 years, a total of 291 toe operations with tenotomy of the @entity1795 - or FDL-tendon were performed. @entity1 were either acutely affected by @entity66 (92.1   %) or showed an increased risk of @entity1066 formation (7.9   %). The median time to closing of the wound was 13  days. It was longer with higher Wagner stages. Of the surgically treated toes 3.1   % were affected by @entity580 . At the 1  -year follow-up 92.4   % of the @entity1 did not show pathological results of the operated toe. Recurrence of the DFS occurred mostly during the first 6  months postoperatively. In the first year postoperatively 68.1   % of the @entity1 remained in remission. Of the toes with Wagner grade 0, 93.7   % were free of local recurrence during the entire monitoring period and 72.2   % of the operated toes with Wagner grade  3. Within the first 1.5-8.5  months 13   % of the @entity1 were affected by transfer lesions.

title: [Concept of plantarization for toe correction in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['apical toe lesions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot syndrome', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['hyperflexion misalignment']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['FHL', 'flexor hallucis longus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot syndrome']


abstract: Most neuropsychological assessments of episodic memory bear little similarity to the events that @entity1 actually experience as memories in daily life. The first aim of this study was to use a virtual environment to characterize episodic memory profiles in an ecological fashion, which includes memory for central and perceptual details, spatiotemporal contextual elements, and binding. This study included subjects from three different populations: healthy older adults, @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity1 with early to moderate @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Second, we sought to determine whether environmental factors that can affect encoding (active vs. passive exploration) influence memory performance in pathological aging. Third, we benchmarked the results of our virtual reality episodic memory test against a classical memory test and a subjective daily memory complaint scale. Here, the @entity1 were successively immersed in two virtual environments; the first, as the driver of a virtual car (active exploration) and the second, as the passenger of that car (passive exploration). Subjects were instructed to encode all elements of the environment as well as the associated spatiotemporal contexts. Following each immersion, we assessed the @entity1 's recall and recognition of central information (i.e., the elements of the environment), contextual information (i.e., temporal, egocentric and allocentric spatial information) and lastly, the quality of binding. We found that the @entity195 @entity1 ' performances were inferior to that of the @entity73 and even more to that of the healthy aged groups, in line with the progression of @entity194 reported in the literature. Spatial allocentric memory assessments were found to be particularly useful for distinguishing @entity73 @entity1 from healthy older adults. Active exploration yielded enhanced recall of central and allocentric spatial information, as well as binding in all groups. This led @entity73 @entity1 to achieve better performance scores on immediate temporal memory tasks. Finally, the @entity1 ' daily memory complaints were more highly correlated with the performances on the virtual test than with their performances on the classical memory test. Taken together, these results highlight specific cognitive differences found between these three populations that may provide additional insight into the early diagnosis and rehabilitation of pathological aging. In particular, neuropsychological studies would benefit to use virtual tests and a multi-component approach to assess episodic memory, and encourage active encoding of information in @entity1 suffering from mild or severe age-related @entity2414 . The beneficial effect of active encoding on episodic memory in @entity73 and early to moderate @entity195 is discussed in the context of relatively preserved frontal and motor brain functions implicated in self-referential effects and procedural abilities.

title: Using virtual reality to characterize episodic memory profiles in @entity73 and XXXX : influence of active and passive encoding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['amnestic mild cognitive impairment', 'aMCI']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The recording procedure is an especially important aspect of the psychologic treatment, since it contributes to the establishment of confidence between the dentist and his @entity1 , and as such is an essential prerequisite to a successful treatment. The article argues that the registration should concern itself with situations and stimuli which have a traumatic character and with the associated learning processes. Furthermore recording of changes in behavior, somatic aspects of @entity148 and of the emotional and cognitive aspects of @entity148 should be involved. Based on these general requirements, recording of @entity913 has five main purposes: Firstly, a recording should contribute to a reliable diagnosis or a sufficiently differentiated description of the @entity913 that one can offer the best possible treatment and prognosis evaluation. Secondly, the recording should ensure that one can evaluate the effects of different types of treatment or the effects of correction of already initiated treatments. Thirdly, recording should contribute to testing the validity of various models of @entity913 , and by this means attempt to produce new and better hypotheses for the origin of @entity913 , their extent, treatment and prevention. Fourthly registration should ensure that different recorders and therapists work with as uniform a conception of @entity913 as possible, (continual calibration). Finally a registration should be of such a nature that it can be incorporated in an epidemiologic study. In addition to the interview method, the article considers the various objective psychologic and physiological instruments available for the registration of components of @entity148 and especially dental @entity148 . Weaknesses and sources of error in relation to the reliability and validity of these methods are discussed.

title: [Psychologic considerations in the recording of dental XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['phobia', 'phobias']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of labour and different labour-related factors on the cord blood (CB) cell cytokine production is still relatively unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between the production of @entity225 , @entity688 and @entity379 in CB samples and maternal, early neonatal and birth-related factors. METHODS: Whole-blood samples were collected after birth (n=423) and they were stimulated for 24 and 48 h with a combination of @entity4621 and @entity1360 . Production of @entity225 , @entity688 and @entity379 was determined using ELISA. Maternal, early neonatal and birth-related variables were recorded prospectively during pregnancy, and during and after delivery. RESULTS: After multivariable adjustment for confounders, the strongest predictor of @entity225 , @entity688 and @entity379 production in CB cell samples was the season of birth. @entity1 born in the spring had significantly lower cytokine responses compared with those born in the fall. @entity225 production was inversely associated with female gender of the @entity1 and maternal smoking. If corrections for white blood cell (WBC) counts were not performed, @entity225 production was also significantly associated with the mode of delivery. Respectively, the production of @entity688 and @entity379 was inversely associated with @entity3009 induction before birth. CONCLUSION: Environmental exposure to pollen and ultraviolet irradiation during gestation may have an effect on the cytokine profile of the offspring in CB because @entity1 born in the spring or winter showed the lowest @entity225 , @entity688 and @entity379 responses. The production of @entity688 and @entity379 was also inversely associated with @entity3009 labour induction before birth. Other labour-related factors were not significantly associated with production of @entity225 , @entity688 and @entity379 after WBC count correction.

title: Production of XXXX , -10 and interferon-y in cord blood is strongly associated with the season of birth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

answer: @entity225 :: (3567,Gene) :: ['interleukin-5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34798 ( @entity1217 ), a monomer terpenoid purified from the Chinese herbal drug Radix bupleuri, has multiple effects, including anticancer properties. However, the effect of SSd on @entity5 exposed to radiation is largely unknown. To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of SSd and its possible mechanism, we combined SSd with radiation therapy to treat SMMC-7721 @entity157 cells under oxia and @entity519 . METHODS: Cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution were examined after treatment with SSd alone, radiation alone, and their combinations under oxia and @entity519 . The protein and mRNA levels of @entity876 , @entity588 , and @entity589 were measured using western blot analysis and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: Treatment with SSd alone and radiation alone inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis rate at the concentration used. These effects were enhanced when SSd was combined with radiation. Moreover, SSd potentiated the effects of radiation to induce G0/G1 arrest in SMMC-7721 cells, and reduced the G2/M-phase population under @entity519 . However, under oxia, SSd only potentiated the effects of radiation to induce G0/G1 arrest, but not G2/M-phase arrest. These effects of SSd alone, radiation alone, and their combination, were accompanied by upregulated expression of @entity876 and @entity589 and downregulation of @entity588 expression under oxia and @entity519 . CONCLUSION: SSd potentiates the effects of radiation on SMMC-7721 cells; thus, it is a promising radiosensitizer. The radiosensitizing effect of SSd may contribute to its effect on the @entity20064 /M checkpoints of the cell cycle.

title: @entity34798 -d increases the radiosensitivity of smmc-7721 @entity157 cells by adjusting the XXXX /m checkpoints of the cell cycle.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity34798 :: ('MESH:C025759', 'Chemical') :: ['Saikosaponin-d']

answer: @entity20064 :: (200575,Gene) :: ['g0/g1 and g2']


abstract: Polymers prepared from @entity7049 ( @entity1989 ) have found a multitude of uses as medical devices. For a material that degrades, the main advantage is that an implant would not necessitate a second surgical event for removal. In this study, fibers produced from a quaternary @entity1391 -based glass (PBG) in the system 50P2O5-40CaO-5Na2O-5Fe2O3 were used to reinforce @entity1989 polymer. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of screw holes in a range of PBG-reinforced @entity1989 composites with varying fiber layup and volume fraction. The flexural properties obtained showed that the strength and modulus values increased with increasing fiber volume fraction; from 96 MPa to 320 MPa for strength and between 4 GPa and 24 GPa for modulus. Furthermore, utilizing a larger number of thinner unidirectional (UD) fiber prepreg layers provided a significant increase in mechanical properties, which was attributed to enhanced wet out and thus better fiber dispersion during production. The effect of gamma sterilization via flexural tests showed no statistically significant difference between the sterilized and nonsterilized samples, with the exception of the modulus values for samples with screw holes. Degradation profiles revealed that samples with screw holes degraded faster than those without screw holes due to an increased surface area for the plates with screw holes in PBS up to 30 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed fiber pullout before and after degradation. Compared with various fiber impregnation samples, with 25% volume fraction, 8 thinner unidirectional prepreg stacked samples had the shortest fiber pull-out lengths in comparison to the other samples investigated.

title: Influence of screw holes and gamma sterilization on properties of XXXX glass fiber-reinforced composite bone plates.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic acid']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: GOALS: To evaluate the natural course of <3-cm @entity1820 by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and to determine the appropriate timing for EUS follow-up. BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) can range from @entity5 with malignant behavior or potential to become malignant such as @entity674 ( @entity674 ). EUS is considered a valuable tool for their evaluation as it estimates the exact size and layer of origin, and also additional morphologic features that can suggest the diagnosis. For high surgical risk @entity1 and when no worrisome EUS features are seen, EUS surveillance of @entity5 is often used. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 (mean age, 61.2+/-11.8 y; median, 63 y) with asymptomatic <3-cm @entity5 of second and fourth echolayer were followed for a mean period of 29.7 months (range, 3 to 84; median, 23 mo) in 3 tertiary care institutions. Evaluation included location, echolayer, @entity5 diameter, internal echo pattern, and outer margin of lesions by EUS. EUS was performed by using miniprobes, radial and linear echoendoscopes. RESULTS: Follow-up revealed increase in size and/or change in echogenic features in 7/51 (13.7%) @entity1 . Surgical follow-up was available for 3 of 7 of these @entity1 . Two of the fourth layer @entity5 , which had both increase in size and change in echogenicity were found to be @entity674 (+ @entity2467 ). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of <3-cm @entity5 does not change during a median of 23 months. The change in echogenicity and increase in size may indicate a @entity677 .

title: The natural history of XXXX : a multicenter endoscopic ultrasound survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign lesions to tumors', 'Subepithelial tumors', 'subepithelial tumors', 'SETs']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors']


abstract: In the setting of acute @entity741 , the hypoperfused portion of the @entity1562 is in danger of becoming irreversibly injured. This portion is called the area at risk (AAR). It is of clinical interest to be able to estimate the AAR for further evaluation and improvement of different revascularization strategies. The Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease Score (APPROACH-score) has been shown to be a jeopardy score with a good performance for angiographic assessment of the @entity1562 supplied by a coronary vessel, representing the AAR. Recently, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has been demonstrated to also provide good results in determining the AAR, especially in the setting of acute ST-elevation @entity1188 @entity1 . Therefore, the aim of our trial was to compare T2-weighted CMR imaging for assessment of AAR in @entity1 with non-ST-elevation @entity583 (NSTEMI) and to validate this approach against the angiographic APPROACH-score. We enrolled sixty-four @entity1 presenting with acute NSTEMI that underwent coronary X-ray angiography within 72 h of symptom onset. Two blinded readers performed offline angiographic AAR assessment using the modified APPROACH-score, as being described elsewhere. Furthermore, with the use of a semi-automatic T2w-CMR approach, the AAR was quantified by two fully blinded readers. The resulting mean AAR determined by the modified APPROACH-score was 28.6    10.0 %. The mean CMR derived AAR was 27.6    12.7 %. CMR assessment tended to slightly underestimate the AAR in comparison to angiographic scoring (difference -0.09    7.6 %). There is a good correlation between the AAR assessed by CMR and by angiography (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). T2-weigthed CMR is able to quantify the AAR with very good correlation to the angiographic APPROACH-score in NSTEMI @entity1 .

title: Angiographic validation of magnetic resonance assessment of XXXX at risk in non-ST-elevation @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To compare the complications and nonrecurrence rate following topical @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) therapy vs. @entity515 laser ablation for treating @entity1641 @entity957 (SCC). STUDY DESIGN:     Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION:     Twenty-five @entity1641 with corneolimbal SCC. PROCEDURES:     Medical records of @entity1641 undergoing surgical @entity5 resection followed by either topical @entity1139 therapy (0.04%) or @entity515 laser ablation between the years of 2004 and 2010 were reviewed. Recurrence and complications were compared between groups and within @entity1139 subgroups defined by the time at which treatment was initiated relative to surgery. RESULTS:     Therapy with topical @entity1139 resulted in a nonrecurrence rate comparable to that achieved with @entity515 laser ablation (82.4% vs. 85.7%, respectively). Initiation of @entity1139 following epithelialization of the surgical site a mean of 15 days postoperatively did not result in increased recurrence rates relative to treatment in the immediate postoperative period. Vision- or globe-threatening complications tended to occur with greater frequency in @entity1641 receiving topical @entity1139 in the immediate postoperative period (5 of 6 major complications) relative to following epithelialization of the surgical site (1 of 6 major complications). CONCLUSIONS:     @entity1641 receiving adjunctive topical @entity1139 therapy were no more likely to experience @entity5 recurrence than were @entity1641 undergoing @entity515 laser ablation in the @entity1641 in this study. Initiation of two to three rounds of @entity1139 following epithelialization of the surgical site results in fewer major complications and achieves comparable disease resolution relative to treatment in the immediate postoperative period.

title: A retrospective comparison of surgical removal and subsequent @entity515 laser ablation versus topical administration of @entity1138 as therapy for XXXX @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horses', 'equine']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to characterize the significance of immune system function in @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), we investigated the interactive relationships among the following parameters: metastatic characteristics, expression of @entity12 ( @entity12 ) in nephrectomized specimens, immunological parameters, and @entity1 's prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 were stratified into 3 groups according to the characteristics of @entity3 timing, at first presentation (mFP), within 5 years of nephrectomy (early-recurrence), after 5 years (late-recurrence). Immunological parameters [hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum albumin, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS), and Charlson Comorbidity Index], @entity12 expression in @entity1358 , and @entity1 prognosis from occurrence of @entity3 were compared among the groups. Thirty-five @entity1 were also stratified into 2 groups according to @entity12 positivity and individual parameters. @entity1 's prognosis and the remaining immunological parameters were compared between groups. RESULTS: The NLRs of the late-recurrence group were significantly lower than those of the mFP (P = 0.0004) and early-recurrence (P = 0.013) groups. The @entity12 mRNA positivity of the late-recurrence group was significantly lower than those of the mFP (P = 0.001) and early-recurrence (P = 0.0277) groups. The prognosis of the late-recurrence group was significantly better than that of the early-recurrence group (P = 0.0255). NLRs were significantly lower in the @entity12 -negative group than in the -positive group (P = 0.0182). The cause-specific survival rates of the ECOG PS 0 group were significantly higher than that of the ECOG PS > 0 group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the associations of the prognosis in advanced @entity1358 with peripheral blood NLR and @entity12 expression in nephrectomized @entity5 . The characteristics of lower values of NLR and @entity12 expression positivity in late-recurrence compared with other metastatic timings suggest strong host immune activity, and may imply relatively long survival. On the other hand, elucidation of the @entity1 's general condition obtained not only by chemical data but also by ECOG PS is crucial in the management of @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 .

title: The significant immunological characteristics of peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and @entity12 expression incidence in nephrectomized @entity5 in late recurrence from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this work was to determine markers of endothelial cell activation in valves from patients with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) and heart valve involvement, in order to establish a role for endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of the @entity340 . Sixteen valves from ten @entity1 with @entity1701 , obtained from autopsies or removed during valve replacement, were studied. Two groups of valves were used as controls. One group included seven normal valves from @entity1 who died from @entity299 . The other group of valves were obtained from @entity1 with @entity3555 during autopsies or valve replacement operations. Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence stainings with antibodies to @entity1 immunoglobulins, endothelial cells, alpha3beta1 integrin, collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin were employed. Three histopathological patterns were apparent: normal valves, valves with @entity884 and valves with fibrocalcific changes. In all the valves with @entity884 the following findings were observed: (1) increased expression of the alpha3beta1 integrin on the endothelial cells, (2) increased amount of collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin, (3) proliferation of blood vessels and (4) linear subendothelial deposition of immunoglobulins and complement. The valves with fibrocalcific changes were deformed and showed a thick layer of collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin, yet in two valves the indothelial cells showed an expression of the alpha3beta1 integrin. The control valves did not express the integrin and had only a thin subendothelial band of collagen IV. In valves from @entity1 with @entity1701 , 1 markers of endothelial cell activation are upregulated while the inflammatory exudate is scant. There is also a prominent deposition of immunoglobulins in the valves from @entity1 with @entity1701 , suggesting a possible association between the deposition of the antibodies and the activation of the endothelial cells in @entity1701 .

title: Increased endothelial cell expression of alpha3beta1 integrin in @entity299 in the primary (Hughes) and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous endocarditis']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['secondary antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: OBJECT: The optimal treatment of medically refractory @entity1504 remains unclear. The EC-IC Bypass Study Investigators found that @entity1 with internal carotid and @entity2500 received no benefit from direct superficial temporal artery to MCA bypass, and that @entity1 with @entity432 and @entity850 may have actually fared worse after surgery, perhaps in part due to flow reversal in critical perforator-bearing segments. Although the results of recent investigations have suggested that direct bypass may be beneficial in a subgroup of @entity1 with hemodynamic failure secondary to unilateral @entity432 , similar data do not exist for @entity1 with hemodynamic failure from other @entity1504 . Indirect bypass via encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis offers a surgical alternative that may avoid rapid flow reversal while providing additional flow to at-risk, distal vascular territories. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with medically resistant hemodynamic failure from @entity1504 underwent indirect vascular bypass. Eight @entity1 had @entity432 and @entity850 , 1 @entity1 had tandem ICA stenoses and @entity850 , 1 @entity1 had tandem ICA and @entity432 , 1 @entity1 had ICA and @entity432 and an @entity63 hemisphere supplied via a proximal superficial temporal artery branch, and 1 @entity1 had poor donor arteries and severe medical comorbidities that precluded the use of general anesthesia. @entity1 evaluation included clinical assessment of neurological status, CT scanning, MR imaging, digital subtraction angiography, and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography with @entity515 reactivity, or SPECT with @entity3791 challenge. @entity1 records were reviewed and @entity1 were interviewed for outcome assessment, including @entity63 ( @entity63 ), @entity385 , change in cerebral perfusion, graft patency, and functional level according to the modified Rankin scale. Kaplan-Meier cumulative failure curves for the primary end point of @entity385 were used to compare these @entity1 to a control group of 81 @entity1 derived from the literature who received medical management for severe symptomatic hemodynamic failure. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 underwent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis and 1 @entity1 received bur holes with dural and @entity2443 ; the mean length of follow-up was 51.2 +/- 40.1 months. Five @entity1 had decreased perfusion on follow-up despite graft patency, and 10 @entity1 suffered new @entity1188 or TIAs during the follow-up period. Five @entity1 (42%) suffered @entity1188 within 1 year of surgery. A meta-analysis of 4 studies of @entity1 with @entity432 and severe hemodynamic failure who underwent medical treatment revealed a new @entity1188 rate of 30% in the first year after entry into the study. There was no significant difference between @entity1 with severe hemodynamic failure who underwent surgery and those in the medically treated control group (log-rank test, p = 0.179). CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that indirect bypass does not promote adequate pial collateral artery development and appears to be of limited utility in @entity1 with symptomatic ICA or @entity66 and secondary hemodynamic failure. Rates of postoperative TIAs or @entity385 after indirect bypass in this @entity1 population do not differ from previous reports in @entity1 who received medical management only.

title: The role of indirect extracranial-intracranial bypass in the treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['MCA stenoocclusive disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['TIA', 'transient ischemic attack', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (ICA and MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenoocclusive diseases', 'intracranial atheroocclusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarctions']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid incisions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic ICA occlusion', 'posterior cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCA occlusion', 'ICA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['MCA stenosis', 'coexistent MCA stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarctions', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['intracranial atheroocclusive disease']