abstract: Hyperlipidaemia, @entity731 and @entity66 are becoming a major health problem in developing countries. Ocimum basilicum is one of the medicinal plants widely used in Morocco to reduce plasma @entity165 and to reduce the risk of @entity731 - @entity66 . However, mechanisms underlying the reported hypolipidaemic effect of this plant have not been investigated. This study evaluates the lipid lowering effect of aqueous Ocimum basilicum extract in @entity12218 -induced hyperlipidaemic @entity35 . Hyperlipidaemia was developed in animals by intraperitoneal injection of @entity33534 (200 mg/kg). After injection of @entity33534 the animals were divided into three treatment groups: hyperlipidaemic, hyperlipidaemic plus herb extract and hyperlipidaemic plus @entity3724 treated @entity35 . At 7 h after the @entity33534 injection, levels of plasma @entity165 , @entity1674 and LDL- @entity165 in @entity35 treated also with the Ocimum basilicum extract (0.5 g/100 g body weight) were, respectively, 50%, 83% and 79% lower than @entity33534 -treated @entity35 and HDL- @entity165 was 129% higher than in @entity35 given @entity33534 alone. At 24 h following Ocimum basilicum administration, total @entity165 , @entity1674 and LDL- @entity165 levels decreased by 56%, 63% and 68%, respectively, in comparison with the @entity33534 treated group and HDL- @entity165 was not increased significantly. The hypolipidaemic effect exerted by Ocimum basilicum extract was markedly stronger than the effect induced by @entity3724 treatments. Further it was demonstrated that Ocimum basilicum aqueous extract displayed a very high antioxidant power. These results indicate that Ocimum basilicum extract may contain hypolipidaemic and antioxidant substances and its use as a therapeutic tool in hyperlipidaemic subjects may be of benefit and encourage further investigation in this field.

title: Hypolipidaemic activity of aqueous Ocimum basilicum extract in acute hyperlipidaemia induced by @entity33534 XXXX in @entity35 and its antioxidant property.

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['related diseases']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity12218 :: (MESH:C016811,Chemical) :: ['WR-1339']


abstract: The biosynthesis of a phage tail-like @entity5618 by cells of the group A-bacteriocinogenic (bA+) @entity5134 no. 16 after induction with @entity1138 (MC) was examined electron-microscopically. This @entity5618 (total length 117 nm) consists of a hollow core and a contractile sheath. At 60 min following induction, rod-like @entity5618 -particles were identifiable in ultrathin sections. The particles were found to comprise three morphologically different forms of aggregation: 1. hexagonal inclusions, 2. contiguous, band-like particles, and 3. staples of superimposed layers of @entity5618 particles. At 120 min after induction bA+ cells revealed maximally 450 @entity5618 particles. Similarly, the phage tail particles could be demonstrated with the "in situ lysis technique" at 60 min following induction. Occasionally, phage heads were demonstrable, but in no instance were complete phage particles discenible. Dividing cells of the bA+ strain of @entity5134 maintained their rod-form following induction with MC until intracellular phage tail @entity5618 particles were seen. However, at 120 min after induction, the swollen, sphaeroplast-like cells lysed, an event that could be correlated with fine structural alterations of the cell wall.

title: [Intracellular organisation of bacteriophage tail-like bacteriocins of group A in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens strain', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['Bacteriocin', 'bacteriocin']

answer: @entity5134 :: (615,Species) :: ['Serratia marcescens']


abstract: The occurrence and extent of a circadian rhythm in the circulating concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are still matters of controversy. Only a few data are available in @entity1 relating the time structure of plasma ANP levels with the circadian patterns of other hormones and cardiovascular variables. In a group of hospitalized normal volunteers (six @entity1 and four @entity1 , 16-76 years old), and in a group of hospitalized @entity101 (seven @entity1 and three @entity1 , 18-76 years old), we investigated the circadian variability of ANP and its temporal relationship with the circadian rhythms of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and plasma @entity916 activity (PRA), plasma @entity1369 (PA) and plasma @entity701 (PC) levels, by using a chronobiological inferential statistic method. At the end of a synchronizing period of 1 week (the diet and daily schedule were standardized), the subjects underwent automatic BP and HR monitoring, and blood sampling for 24 h. A statistically significant mean circadian rhythm was demonstrated for ANP, BP, HR, PRA, PA and PC in both normal and @entity101 subjects. The mean circadian acrophase of ANP (calculated to occur at around 04.00 h) anticipated the corresponding acrophases of the other hormones; @entity551 appeared to be in antiphase with ANP rhythm, i.e. the peak of @entity551 more or less coincided with the trough in ANP rhythm. A significant increase in the daily levels (assessed by the circadian mesor) of ANP was present in @entity101 subjects when compared with normal controls. In essential @entity101 the circadian rhythm of ANP was set at higher circulating levels, but otherwise it was similar to the circadian rhythm found in normals. ANP mesors correlated significantly with @entity916 and @entity1369 mesors in normal subjects but not in @entity101 @entity1 . ANP appears to anticipate awakening in its circadian periodic rise. On the basis of the considerable acrophase asynchronism, it seems possible to exclude any causal relations between the periodic changes of ANP and the rhythmic fluctuations of the other hormones that we studied. In contrast, important relations may be hypothesized between ANP levels and BP and HR values, on the basis of their antiphase rhythms.

title: Circadian rhythms of atrial natriuretic peptide, @entity916 , @entity1369 , XXXX , blood pressure and heart rate in normal and @entity101 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['BP and HR rhythms']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: Intraoperative irradiation has been devised as a method to safely deliver higher radiation doses to the @entity5 while minimizing the dose to the surrounding normal tissues. Among 14 @entity1 treated by intraoperative radiotherapy in our institution, 8 had a @entity3123 (unresected in 7 @entity1 , and partially resected in 1 @entity1 ). Anesthetized @entity1 were transferred with the incision temporarily closed from the fourth floor operative room to the basement accelerator suite. A single dose of 15 to 20 Gy with 20meV electrons was delivered. Five @entity1 with a @entity189 of the head of the pancreas had had a biliary and a digestive by-pass. After surgery all the @entity1 received an additional 40 Gy and chemotherapy with @entity1487 . There was nor post-operative mortality neither morbidity. Four @entity1 with @entity158 had no @entity158 after treatment. Five @entity1 died after 5 to 10 months and two @entity1 are alive with a follow-up of 4 and 9 months. Because of the short follow-up and the small number of @entity1 no conclusion on survival may be made. Nevertheless, in other experiences good palliation has been generally obtained. Significant difference in survival time was noticed in a Japanese experience in unresected cases. In 16 @entity1 with resected @entity189 a 41% survival rate at 2 years has been observed in a North American experience. Thus we are encouraged to continue this approach.

title: [Peroperative radiotherapy in XXXX of the pancreas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'preoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Dose-response profiles were determined for @entity8685 , @entity3175 and @entity33908 in a squirrel monkey punishment (conflict) procedure. The monkeys were trained to lever press under a food-maintained concurrent schedule consisting of an unpunished 6-minute variable interval (VI) schedule, and a 1.5-minute VI schedule, on which responses were punished intermittently (24 response variable ratio) with electric footshocks. The three @entity1245 effectively increased responding that had been suppressed by punishment; they had inverted U-shaped dose-effect curves. The minimum effective doses for increasing punished responding were: @entity3175 less than or equal to 0.31 mg/kg p.o.; @entity33908 = @entity8685 = 0.62 mg/kg. As a model to assess potential antianxiety activity, this procedure possessed excellent sensitivity and reliability. The following observations were also made. 1) During initial training, as shock intensity was increased and punished responding became suppressed, some monkeys exhibited an increase in unpunished response rates. This may have represented "positive behavioral contrast," but response rate changes were associated with changes in the amount of time the monkeys allocated to each schedule. 2) At certain dose levels, all three compounds exerted antipunishment effects 24 hours after administration. 3) As was reported previously for @entity35 , when the monkeys had no previous drug experience ("drug-naive") they were more sensitive to the depressant effects of the @entity1245 . With repeated administration, there was a reduction in this sedation and a concomitant increase in the antipunishment effect. This phenomenon was dose- and animal-dependent.

title: Conflict behavior in the squirrel monkey: effects of @entity8685 , @entity3175 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity33908 :: ('CHEBI:111762', 'Chemical') :: ['N-desmethyldiazepam']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['chlordiazepoxide']

answer: @entity33908 :: (CHEBI:111762,Chemical) :: ['N-desmethyldiazepam']


abstract: From 1979 through 1989, surgical resection was performed in 55 of 66 @entity1 with @entity96 after improving @entity1087 by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). Selective cholangiography through PTBD was done to define precisely the anatomical location--extent of the obstructing lesion in each segmental hepatic duct. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy was performed through the sinus tract of PTBD after replacing the drainage catheter with a 15 French catheter for superselective cholangiography and biopsy to make the definitive diagnosis of the histological extent of the @entity5 and any variation of @entity99 . In 46 (69.7%) of 66 @entity1 , curative resection was possible. Forty-five of these underwent various types of hepatic segmentectomy with caudate lobectomy for a morbidity rate of 41.3% and an operative mortality rate of 6.4%. Fourteen (31.1%) advanced cases underwent combined resection of the portal vein together with hepatectomy. Microscopic @entity5 involvement in the caudate branches was confirmed in 44 of 45 @entity1 who underwent caudate lobe resection. The 3-year survival rate for all 43 @entity1 surviving the curative excision was 55.1% and the 5-year survival rate was 40.5%. All 11 @entity1 who had an unresectable advanced @entity5 died within 9 months. Curative resection should be designed according to the preoperative findings of the extent of @entity5 in @entity1347 , and caudate lobe resection should be performed together with the smallest necessary hepatic segmentectomy possible.

title: XXXX with caudate lobe resection for bile duct @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the hepatic hilus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['each segmental duct']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['each segmental hepatic duct that joins the hepatic hilus']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic segmentectomy']


abstract: In @entity2491 , de novo synthesis of @entity2125 is regulated through the transcriptional control of the nadA and nadB loci. Likewise, the @entity10402 salvage pathway is controlled at pncB. The transcriptional expression of these three loci is coordinately regulated by the product of nadR. However, there is genetic evidence suggesting that NadR is bifunctional, serving in both regulatory and transport capacities. One class of mutations in the nadR locus imparts a transport-defective PnuA- phenotype. These mutants retain regulation properties but are unable to transport @entity13908 ( @entity6532 ) intact across the cell membrane. Other nadR mutants lose both regulatory and transport capabilities, while a third class loses only regulatory ability. The unusual @entity6532 transport activity requires both the PnuC and NadR proteins, with the pnuC locus residing in an operon with nadA. To prove that nadR encoded a single protein and to gain insight into a regulatory target locus, the nadR and nadA pnuC loci were cloned and sequenced. A DNA fragment which complemented both regulatory and transport mutations was found to contain a single open reading frame capable of encoding a 409-amino-acid protein (47,022 daltons), indicating that NadR is indeed bifunctional. Confirmation of the operon arrangement for nadA and pnuC was obtained through the sequence analysis of a 2.4-kilobase DNA fragment which complemented both NadA and PnuC mutant phenotypes. The nadA product, confirmed in maxicells, was a 365-amino-acid protein (40,759 daltons), while pnuC encoded a 322-amino-acid protein (36,930 daltons). The extremely hydrophobic (71%) nature of the PnuC protein indicated that it was an integral membrane protein, consistent with its central role in the transport of @entity6532 across the cytoplasmic membrane. The results presented here and in previous studies suggest a hypothetical model in which NadR interacts with PnuC at low internal @entity2125 levels, permitting transport of @entity6532 intact into the cell. As @entity2125 levels increase within the cell, the affinity of NadR for the operator regions of nadA, nadB, and pncB increases, repressing the transcription of these target genes.

title: Regulation of @entity2125 metabolism in XXXX : molecular sequence analysis of the bifunctional nadR regulator and the nadA-pnuC operon.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity13908 :: ('MESH:D009537', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide mononucleotide']

entities_list: @entity10402 :: ('CHEBI:36980', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine nucleotide']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking and other forms of @entity286 use remain the most significant worldwide public health problem. The dental practice is being identified as potential location for smoking cessation activity. @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT) promotes the chances of @entity286 cessation, however, evidence related to prescription of the NRT in dental settings is lacking. This study aimed to assess and compare the attitudes, practices, beliefs, and barriers in prescribing NRT for @entity286 cessation among dental interns and post-graduates (PGs). METHODS: For a cross-sectional survey among 232 @entity1 from 10 dental colleges in Bangalore, India, a 21-item questionnaire was developed: 11-item based on attitudes and practices toward @entity286 cessation and 10-items regarding scope and challenges in prescribing NRT. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and test of proportions. FINDINGS: Majority of @entity1 reported ongoing @entity286 cessation activity in their college. Statistically significant difference was found between interns and PGs for items related to @entity286 cessation practice (assisting, providing follow-up visit). Regarding NRT, significant differences were seen for items related to practice (assisting, assessing motivation for NRT), belief (not an appropriate activity for dentist, a valuable resource, increase in quit attempts) and barriers (bitter taste, cost, and fear of addiction) (P < 0.050). The majority of the PGs suggested cessation center followed by health care workers and pharmacists for the provision of subsidized @entity1239 gums. CONCLUSION: Favorable practices and beliefs are seen regarding the prescription of NRT among interns and PGs although differences exist. Time, cost, and taste emerged as major barriers.

title: XXXX Replacement Therapy in Dental Settings: An Exploratory Survey in Bangalore City, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: Interstitial cells of Cajal in the myenteric plexus region ( @entity5835 -MyP) form a network and generate basal pacemaking electrical activity. This morphological feature leads us to believe that these cells may be essential for the coordinating actions of @entity344 . We aim to propose a new method for functional assessment of @entity5835 electrical activity and its network. Field potentials in a approximately 1 mm(2) region were simultaneously measured using an 8x8 microelectrode array (MEA) with a polar distance of 150 microm. The extracellular solution contained @entity594 and @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) to suppress activities of smooth muscle cells and neurons, respectively. We compared spatial electrical activities between ileal muscle preparations from @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and W/W(v) @entity19 . In spatio-temporal analyses, basal electrical activities were well synchronized with a propagation delay in @entity164 , while those in W/W(v) were small in amplitude and irregular in occurrence. The power spectrum in @entity164 had a prominent peak corresponding to the frequency of @entity5835 -MyP pacemaker activity, while that of W/W(v) lacked it. Consequently, the ratio of the spectral power in 9.4-27.0 cpm was significantly larger in @entity164 than in W/W(v). In conclusion, MEA measurements demonstrated that the network-forming @entity5835 -MyP not only generates but also coordinates basal electrical activities. Disorders of @entity344 based on morphological and functional impairments of @entity5835 network with the range of several hundreds of micrometers, could be uncovered in future extensive studies.

title: Microelectrode array evaluation of gut pacemaker activity in XXXX and W/W(v) @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) motility', 'GI motility']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['wild-type']


abstract: A 77-year-old @entity1 presented with a 3-month history of right @entity662 and a low-grade fever. Right @entity1143 had been detected at another hospital. Her chest CT scan revealed right @entity1143 , right @entity456 , and bilateral multiple lung nodules. No specific findings were obtained from an examination of the @entity1143 . Thoracoscopic pleural and lung biopsies were conducted. Histologically, the @entity5 had an infiltrative growth pattern in the fibrously-thickened @entity9662 . The @entity5 was composed of epithelioid and spindle cells, and in some sections, the @entity5 cells had intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and had formed an immature vascular lumen. Proliferation in a papillary fashion in the alveolar spaces and vascular involvement of @entity5 were also seen. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for factor VIII-related antigen, @entity2279 , and @entity2280 , and negative for calretinin and @entity7097 . The @entity5 was therefore diagnosed as @entity358 ( @entity358 ), which is a rare, low-to-moderate grade @entity5 of the lung. This disease should be included in the differential diagnosis together with malignant @entity2615 , in cases demonstrating unusual @entity456 .

title: [A case of XXXX that required differentiation from malignant mesothelioma].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma', 'PEH']

entities_list: @entity9662 :: ('MESH:D054363', 'Disease') :: ['parietal pleura, visceral pleura, and lung parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: Current literature provides conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of @entity6985 in @entity1 with @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ). The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity6985 in @entity1 with @entity4018 treated within a named @entity1 program in Austria. A total of 22 @entity1 with @entity4018 were treated with @entity6985 in 7 different centres throughout Austria. Median age of @entity1 was 68 years. Primary @entity4018 was present in 13 @entity1 . Eight @entity1 had @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) and 1 post-essential @entity1148 (post-ET) @entity4018 . According to the Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS), all @entity1 were scored within the intermediate-2 or high-risk group. Approximately one-third of @entity1 were treated with 2 or more prior therapies. The overall response rate according to International Working Group (IWG) criteria was 12.5   %. Efficacy of @entity6985 was moderate in this non-study @entity1 population. Limiting factors seemed to be stage of disease and risk profile of @entity1 included in this analysis.

title: Experience with @entity6985 in an Austrian non-study population with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['post-polycythemia vera', 'post-PV']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: Five families of strictly inbred @entity840 whose general resistance to experimental @entity378 had previously been determined by Wright and Lewis have now been studied with reference to the characteristics of the local lesion produced by intracutaneous inoculation with the tubercle bacillus. It is found that there are clearly recognizable familial types based on the size and quality of the nodular lesion, the @entity1066 consecutive to this and the general effectiveness of the healing process when in evidence. Family 39 which has the lowest general resistance forms an initial papule which does not differ appreciably from that formed by Family 35 which is the most resistant. In the ulcerative stage Family 39 shows an indolent excoriating process which exhibits none of the qualities which would be expected to make for healing. Family 35 exhibits a firm primary papule and nodule followed by an active healthy type of ulceration which is definitely restrained in comparison with that of the low resistance Family 13. Family 35 also presents the largest number of completely healed lesions in the later observation periods. Family 13 shows a larger, softer, primary papule and nodule than any of the others. The ulcer when formed is less restrained; that is, it is larger in proportion to the total size of the lesion. It is also more generally destructive. This family also shows a singular tendency to the formation of secondary ulcers along the lymphatic channels leading toward the adjacent lymph nodes. The adjacent lymph nodes are likewise more severely affected and frequently ulcerate through the skin giving rise to residual discharging sinuses. Families 2 and 32 are less definitely characterized. They are of the same order as 35 and 13 in that the @entity1066 are active and healthy. Such similarities as are recognizable place Family 2 more nearly with 13 and Family 32 more nearly with 35. In general the qualities of lesion exhibited are such as to agree with the general resistance as previously determined and it is believed that the qualities underlying the tissue reaction may be safely considered to be among the influential factors in the make-up of the natural resistance against @entity378 . The differences in reaction are in part manifested against agents causing simple @entity32 also, and hence must be designated as non-specific with reference to the tubercle bacillus. There are definite indications of other "constitutional" differences in the character of the tissues and the general make-up of these families. The accumulated evidence from the study of the separate families and intercrosses between them is to the effect that the differences in question are transmitted by the blending type of inheritance and are therefore controlled by multiple unit characters. It is also suggested by the observations that certain of the significant characters are recessive in nature. It is of considerable interest that the observations agree very well with the older conception of an inherited, predisposing, constitutional diathesis as a significant factor in the incidence of @entity378 .

title: ULCERATIVE TYPES AS DETERMINED BY INHERITANCE AND AS RELATED TO NATURAL RESISTANCE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INBRED XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations', 'ulcerative lesion']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['GUINEA PIGS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy persists regarding medicinal injections for @entity135 ( @entity135 ). OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of physician-delivered injections on @entity158 , function/disability, quality of life, global perceived effect and @entity1 satisfaction for adults with @entity135 . SEARCH METHODS: We updated our previous searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE from December 2006 through to March 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials of adults with @entity135 treated by physician-delivered injection therapies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected articles, abstracted data and assessed methodological quality. When clinical heterogeneity was absent, we combined studies using random-effects models. RESULTS: We included 12 trials (667 @entity1 ). No high or moderate quality studies were found with evidence of benefit over control. Moderate quality evidence suggests little or no difference in @entity158 or function/disability between nerve block injection of @entity479 and @entity1341 vs @entity1341 alone at short, intermediate and long-term for chronic @entity4048 . We found limited very low quality evidence of an effect on @entity158 with intramuscular @entity3303 vs control for chronic @entity4048 .  Two low quality studies showed an effect on @entity158 with anaesthetic nerve block vs saline immediately post treatment and in the short-term. All other studies were of low or very low quality with no evidence of benefit over controls. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence does not confirm the effectiveness of IM- @entity3303 injection for chronic mechanical @entity4048 nor anaesthetic nerve block for cervicogenic @entity10 . There is moderate evidence of no benefit for @entity479 blocks vs controls for mechanical @entity4048 .

title: Physician-delivered injection therapies for @entity135 : a systematic review update (non-oral, non-intravenous pharmacological interventions for XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical neck disorders', 'MNDs', 'neck disorders']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial neck pain', 'neck pain']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: On the basis of the knowledge that the prevalence of @entity28 in @entity1 has increased steadily in recent years, this study aimed to assess the association between @entity28 and certain risk factors in a group of 6- to 14-year-old @entity1 living in Istanbul. The study was carried out at the Istanbul University School of Medicine Hospital. Data were collected from 592 @entity1 aged between 6 and 14 years who were examined in general pediatrics clinics. Weight and height measurements were performed on the @entity1 and their parents. The @entity1 were classified as @entity28 and nonobese in accordance with the body mass index reference values for Turkish @entity1 . Energy intake of @entity1 was estimated with a 3-day food consumption recording form. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the information from the parents on possible risk factors causing @entity28 . The physical activity state of the @entity1 was assessed. A logistic regression model was developed to examine the relationships between @entity28 and possible risk factors. Almost 32% (n = 184) and 69% (n = 408) of @entity1 were assessed as @entity28 and nonobese, respectively. Although there was no difference in daily energy intakes of @entity28 and nonobese @entity1 , 13.6% of @entity28 and 40.9% of nonobese @entity1 were reported to do physical activity regularly. Obesity was strongly associated with parental @entity28 . Furthermore, energy intake; having regular physical activity; presence of @entity28 in the mother, the father, and the mother's family; and having a mother working out of home were also significantly associated with @entity28 . Creating awareness in mothers on the importance of a healthy nutrition and encouraging families to participate in physical activities are important points in the prevention of @entity28 .

title: Obesity risk factors in Turkish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 is very common in @entity1 with end-stage @entity358 . However, there are few prospective data on @entity174 incidence after lung transplantation. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated changes in bone mass, @entity174 incidence, and biochemical indices of bone and mineral metabolism in 30 @entity1 who completed 1 year of observation after lung transplantation. All received @entity460 , @entity560 , and therapy with one or more agents that inhibit bone resorption, initiated shortly after transplantation. RESULTS: Before transplantation, only 20% of the @entity1 had normal lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck @entity79 ( @entity79 ). After transplantation, 15 @entity1 (50%) sustained significant @entity604 at either the LS (-8.6+/-1.0%) or the femoral neck (-11.3+/-2.2%). Eleven (37%) @entity1 (10 @entity1 ) sustained a total of 54 @entity174 . Pretransplantation LS @entity79 and T scores were significantly lower in those who sustained @entity174 (-2.809+/-0.32 versus -1.569+/-0.29; P<0.01). @entity174 @entity1 were more likely to have had pretransplantation glucocorticoid therapy (chi-square 5.687; P<0.02). The duration of pretransplantation glucocorticoid therapy was also longer in @entity174 @entity1 (4.9+/-0.8 versus 1.3+/-0.4 years; P<0.001). Biochemical markers of bone resorption were significantly higher in @entity1 who sustained @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity174 are a significant problem in the first year after lung transplantation, even in @entity1 who receive therapy to prevent @entity604 . @entity1 with low pretransplantation @entity79 and a history of pretransplantation glucocorticoid therapy are at greatest risk.

title: XXXX and @entity174 after lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'bone loss and/or fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture', 'atraumatic fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['Bone loss']


abstract: Aortoenteric @entity292 (AEF) developed after treatment for an @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) is a rare but usually fatal complication. We report a rare case of @entity548 after endovascular stent grafting for @entity1028 which was managed angiographically. An 81-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity360 and acute @entity490 for 1 day ago. Four years ago, an aortic stent was implanted in the infrarenal aorta for @entity1028 . Endoscopies were performed to evaluate the @entity360 . Evidence of @entity360 was observed, but a clear @entity548 point was not detected on upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography performed subsequently showed that the @entity548 point was located in the fourth portion of the duodenum as an AEF caused by an inflammatory process in the stent-graft. Intra-arterial angiography showed a massive contrast leakage into the bowel via a small @entity292 from around the aortic stent graft site. Embolization was successfully performed by injecting a mixture of glue and @entity4831 into the AEF tract. The @entity1 was discharged with no evidence of @entity360 after the embolization.

title: [A case of angiographic embolization of aortoenteric @entity292 caused by endovascular stent grafting for an XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'AEF bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'hematochezia']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We investigated the role of @entity1996 (COX-2) in mechanisms of hyperbaric @entity26 preconditioning (HBO-PC) in the @entity19 model of surgical @entity1545 (SBI). METHODS: C57BL @entity19 were administered 100% @entity26 for 1 hour at 2.5 atmosphere absolute for 5 consecutive days and subjected to SBI. @entity16 and @entity2657 were evaluated at 24 hours and 72 hours after the brain insult. Fluorescent immunostaining and Western blotting were performed to study @entity519 -inducible factor-1alpha and COX-2, respectively. Two doses of COX-2 inhibitor, @entity8228 (3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) were used to verify the role of COX-2 signaling pathway in the mechanism of HBO-PC. RESULTS: HBO-PC improved neurological status and decreased @entity2657 at 24 hours and 72 hours after SBI. HBO-PC by itself and SBI independently increased COX-2 levels by 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively. HBO-PC, however, reduced increase in @entity519 -inducible factor-1alpha and COX-2 expression after SBI. The HBO-PC-induced improvement in neurological status and @entity2657 was reversed by a suboptimal dose of the COX-2 inhibitor, @entity8228 (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally; 1/4th of dose shown to provide neuroprotection), which itself had no effect on investigated end points. CONCLUSIONS: HBO-PC attenuates postoperative @entity2657 and improves neurological outcomes after SBI. The HBO-PC-induced neuroprotection is mediated through COX-2 signaling pathways.

title: @entity1996 mediates hyperbaric XXXX preconditioning-induced neuroprotection in the @entity19 model of surgical @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological status']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Familial risk estimates are useful for genetic counseling, etiological understanding, and design of gene identification studies. We wanted to estimate the associations of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) with 32 @entity792 among parents and offspring, singleton siblings, twins, and spouses. METHODS: The Multigeneration Register in Sweden provides reliable access to information on families among 11.5 million individuals throughout the last century. The diseases in individual family members were obtained through linkage to the Hospital Discharge Register. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated as relative risks for @entity31 / @entity30 in family members of @entity1 diagnosed with any of the 34 diseases compared with those lacking affected family members through years 1964-2004. RESULTS: Among a total of 441,642 @entity1 diagnosed with autoimmune and related conditions, 25,846 were diagnosed with @entity31 and 18,885 with @entity30 . Familial cases amounted to 5.4% of all @entity31 @entity1 and 6.5% of @entity30 @entity1 . SIR for @entity31 was 3.9 (95% confidence interval 3.5-4.3) in offspring of affected parents, 4.6 (3.0-7.4) in siblings, 10.4 (6.5-15.8) in families of affected parents and siblings, and 6.3 (1.9-17.7) for monozygotic twins. The respective SIRs for @entity30 were 6.0 (5.4-6.7), 6.3 (4.1-9.8), 34.0 (24.9-45.3), and 23.4 (10.1-51.1). All discordant associations, i.e., those between @entity30 and other diseases, were also found for @entity31 , including @entity1691 , @entity565 , @entity2760 rheumatica, @entity1569 , and @entity370 . For @entity31 , six additional associations were observed. No correlations between specific diseases were found among spouses, but between @entity31 or @entity30 and any disease it was 1.1 (1.0-1.1). CONCLUSIONS: The concordant familial risks for @entity31 and @entity30 were lower than those commonly cited. Both diseases are associated with several @entity792 , suggesting genetic sharing.

title: Familial association of inflammatory bowel diseases with other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune and related diseases']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune and related diseases']


abstract: AIMS: To compare the use of biotinylated and @entity1859 labelled probes for diagnosis of @entity1 fetal @entity8344 @entity281 in formalin fixed, @entity982 wax embedded tissues; and to assess the cellular distribution of the virus in positive cases. METHODS: Sections of lung tissue from 23 cases of anatomically normal non-immune fetal @entity4 presenting between 1984 and 1989, and from 13 control cases of @entity4 due to @entity2008 were probed for @entity8344 DNA by in situ hybridisation using both biotinylated and @entity1859 labelled probes. The distribution of the virus was then investigated in all cases of fetal @entity8344 @entity281 confirmed in this laboratory to date (n = 11) by combining in situ hybridisation for viral DNA (using the @entity1859 system) with immunohistological labelling for a range of cellular antigens. RESULTS: Five unequivocal cases of @entity8344 @entity281 were identified among the 23 fetuses with unexplained @entity4 using both probe labels. When combined with data from previous studies of the period 1974-1983, the results indicate that @entity8344 @entity281 was responsible for 27% of cases of anatomically normal non-immune @entity4 and 8% of all cases, of non-immune @entity4 presenting to this hospital over 15 years. False positive signal was seen in an additional three cases, using biotinylated probes. @entity1859 labelled probes gave greater specificity and permitted detailed investigation of tissues high in endogenous @entity1885 . Though most cells containing @entity8344 DNA colabelled as erythroid precursors, viral DNA was frequently detected within mononuclear-phagocytic cells. In three cases viral signal was also found within occasional myocardial cells labelled by antibody to desmin. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high proportion of cases of anatomically normal, non-immune @entity4 are caused by @entity8344 @entity281 . @entity1859 is a more reliable probe label than @entity1885 for in situ hybridisation in archival fetal tissues. Double labelling for cellular antigens and viral nucleic acid is a powerful technique for investigating virus-host cell interactions, and provides evidence that cell types other than those of erythroid lineage may have a role in @entity1 fetal @entity8543 .

title: Non-isotopic in situ hybridisation and immunophenotyping of infected cells in the investigation of XXXX fetal @entity8543 .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin', 'Digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity8543 :: ('MESH:D010322', 'Disease') :: ['parvovirus infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This paper reviews epidemiological data to see if there are sex differentials in prevalence, density and clinical pathology due to @entity3754 . Of 53 studies from Africa, South East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and The Americas, 43 showed a lower mean prevalence of @entity281 in females than in males. Prevalence is consistently lower in @entity1 of reproductive age and this is statistically significant in 16 of 32 studies classified by age and sex. @entity281 is also lower in the reproductive age but may be higher in @entity1 and in older @entity1 . @entity922 is also lower in @entity1 and pathology has a later age of onset and rise to peak prevalence than in males. The paper assesses the evidence that lower rates of @entity281 and clinical pathology are due to less exposure of females to infective vectors. It seems unlikely that exposure alone could account for these differences which are observed for both @entity6565 , irrespective of periodicity. Several investigators have suggested that females have increased resistance to @entity281 and this is supported by serological studies showing high antibody positivity to adult worm antigens in females. The review concludes that the association with the reproductive years suggests a pregnancy-associated mechanism. This has important implications for maternal-fetal interactions and maternal filarial @entity281 may influence the development of immunity in @entity1 .

title: Sex differentials in susceptibility to XXXX and implications for maternal @entity1 immunity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['bancroftian and brugian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Density of infection']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical disease']

answer: @entity3754 :: (MESH:D004605,Disease) :: ['lymphatic filariasis']


abstract: Determining to what degree chemicals and environmental agents contribute to the development of @entity5 would be materially enhanced by the ability to distinguish chemically induced @entity5 from those that arise spontaneously. Using DNA fingerprinting as an assay, we investigated whether somatic DNA rearrangements are more frequent in chemically induced @entity19 @entity96 than they are in spontaneous @entity19 @entity96 . @entity5 were induced by a single i.p. injection of 12-day old male Crl: @entity2659 (ICR)BR ( @entity2659 ) @entity19 with 20 nmol/g @entity3653 and were harvested 9 to 12 months after injection. @entity5 were obtained from 94- to 98-week old male @entity2659 @entity19 . We detected 8 rearrangements in 14 @entity3653 -induced @entity5 , which corresponds to a high rearrangement frequency of about 2% (of the minisatellite bands examined). Furthermore, 6 of these rearrangements included complete band losses which must have occurred early in @entity5 development. However, only 2 band changes were observed in 15 spontaneous @entity5 , and both changes were intensity shifts which may represent rearrangements that occurred later during @entity5 progression. Histological examination showed that the higher frequency of rearrangements in @entity3653 -induced @entity5 versus spontaneous @entity5 was not related to differences in the degree of @entity5 progression or @entity5 . Our results suggest that DNA fingerprinting may be a valuable assay for differentiating certain chemically induced @entity5 from spontaneous @entity5 .

title: DNA fingerprinting of @entity3653 -induced and spontaneous XXXX @entity19 @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene', '7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Spontaneous tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2659 :: (111334(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD-1']


abstract: @entity731 originating from the vertebral artery (VA) is a well-known cause of @entity64 in the posterior circulation. Stent-assisted angioplasty using a bare metal stent is safe but used in a limited number of @entity1 due to high rates of in-stent restenosis (ISR). A drug-eluting stent (DES) is an alternative for reducing ISR after stenting for @entity731 . We report the technical feasibility and mid to long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes after stenting with a DES in @entity9085 . This retrospective study included 47 consecutive @entity1 treated with DES for @entity9085 . The demographics, indications for treatment, procedural technique, clinical and radiographical follow-up results were reviewed. The technical success rate was 100% without any complications. Postprocedure residual stenosis was 8.6% (range=0-12%). All @entity1 were followed up clinically for a mean of 28.3 months (range=12-68 months), and two @entity1 (4.2%) had recurrent @entity64 in stented-vessel territories at 5 and 17 months after the procedure, respectively. Digital subtraction angiography was performed at follow-up in 38 @entity1 (80.9%) at a mean of 16.3 months (range=6-48 months) and showed two @entity1 with ISR (5.3%) and four stent @entity174 (10.5%). One asymptomatic ISR was related to stent @entity174 . DES for @entity9085 are safe and effective with an acceptable lower ISR rate. However, stent @entity174 may be a potential complication and requires long-term follow-up.

title: Drug-eluting stent for the treatment of symptomatic XXXX : Long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral origin stenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis', 'Atherosclerotic stenosis']

answer: @entity9085 :: (MESH:D014715,Disease) :: ['vertebral origin stenosis']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of severe @entity294 , @entity146 , and severe pitting @entity4 of the legs. The @entity1 had been well until 5 years before admission, when a @entity400 and @entity591 developed and a diagnosis of @entity2743 was made. Treatment with @entity3937 was effective in reducing her @entity400 and @entity591 ; however, she was often nonadherent with her antithyroid medication because of improvement of her symptoms. On admission, a @entity4 , @entity5768 , a @entity1143 , and @entity843 were observed. The results of thyroid function tests (free @entity1954 : 21.5 pg/mL; free @entity1955 : 7.17 ng/dL; thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): <0.01 microIU/mL; TSH receptor antibodies: 95.9%) were consistent with @entity2743 . Biochemical analysis of pleural and ascitic fluid was consistent with chylothorax and @entity3417 , respectively. Serum @entity460 , total protein, and albumin were very low. Her symptoms and signs except severe @entity294 , @entity4 , @entity1143 , and @entity843 disappeared after receiving intravenous drip infusion of fluid replacement, and @entity3937 and @entity1496 . Because of @entity3147 , she was given a high-calorie intravenous infusion. Three months after admission, her @entity1143 and @entity843 began to improve, as did her @entity294 and @entity4988 . An appropriate treatment of @entity2743 is crucial to avoid serious sequelae of longstanding, poorly controlled @entity1378 .

title: @entity2743 with intractable XXXX , @entity3417 , and chylothorax: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritableness']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of an immuno-hormonal-chemotherapeutic combination of @entity900 , @entity1199 , interferon-a and @entity440 in metastatic @entity320 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 were treated with @entity900 at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on day 1, @entity1199 subcutaneously at a dose of 18 MU from days 3-6 and from days 17-21, interferon-a 2-b subcutaneously at a dose of 3 MU three times weekly and @entity440 orally at a dose of 20 mg daily. The cycle was repeated on day 28. @entity1 were evaluated after two cycles. @entity1 with @entity74 stopped the treatment while responding @entity1 and those with @entity66 underwent two further cycles. No maintenance regimen was employed. RESULTS: Two partial remissions (PR, 13%), 5 @entity66 ( @entity66 , 33%) and 8 @entity74 ( @entity74 , 53%) were observed. @entity1 with PR and @entity66 had better survival than those with @entity74 (11 vs 6 months). @entity137 was predominantly @entity221 and @entity391 besides chills, @entity1295 , normally related to cytokine administration and often influencing the quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Our results, unlike the good results of previous trials, are very poor. Therefore we do not recommend this combination for routine treatment of advanced @entity320 .

title: @entity900 , @entity1199 , interferon-alpha and @entity440 in XXXX . A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and flu-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease', 'progression disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: @entity794 reacts to changing environmental conditions such as heat, @entity8487 , and chemicals through global regulators such as the sae ( @entity794 exoprotein expression) two-component signaling system. Subinhibitory concentrations of some antibiotics were shown to increase virulence factor expression. Here, we investigated the @entity794 stress response to sublethal concentrations of a commonly used biocide (Perform), by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), promoter activity assay, @entity3208 ( @entity214 )- @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, and a flow cytometric invasion assay. Perform, acting through the production of reactive @entity26 species, generally downregulated expression of extracellular proteins in strains 6850, COL, ISP479C but upregulated these proteins in strain Newman. Upregulated proteins were sae dependent. The Perform component @entity214 , but not @entity6453 (another @entity26 donor), mimicked the biocide effect. Eap (extracellular adherence protein) was most prominently augmented. Upregulation of eap and sae was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Promoter activity of sae P1 was increased by Perform and @entity214 . Both substances enhanced cellular invasiveness, by 2.5-fold and 3.2-fold, respectively. Increased invasiveness was dependent on Eap and the sae system, whereas agr, sarA, sigB, and fibronectin-binding proteins had no major effect in strain Newman. This unique response pattern was due to a point mutation in SaeS (the sensor @entity3793 kinase), as demonstrated by allele swapping. Newman saePQRS(ISP479C) behaved like ISP479C, whereas saePQRS(Newman) rendered ISP479C equally responsive as Newman. Taken together, the findings indicate that a point mutation in SaeS of strain Newman was responsible for increased expression of Eap upon exposure to sublethal Perform and @entity214 concentrations, leading to increased Eap-dependent cellular invasiveness. This may be important for understanding the regulation of virulence in @entity794 .

title: A point mutation in the sensor XXXX kinase SaeS of @entity794 Newman alters the response to biocide exposure.

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity3793 :: (CHEBI:27570,Chemical) :: ['histidine']


abstract: AIMS: Primary @entity628 ( @entity628 ) is a common cause of @entity454 in both @entity1 and adults. Our current treatments are suboptimal, and a significant percentage of cases are resistant to current therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed an open-label, 6-month trial of the new immunosuppressive agent @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) in 18 biopsy-proven @entity1 resistant to a course of corticosteroids therapy. Seventy-five percent had also failed to respond to a cytotoxic agent and/or a @entity9909 . RESULTS: A substantial improvement in @entity644 was seen in 44% (8/18) of the @entity1 by 6 months. This was sustained for up to 1 year post treatment in 50% (4/8) of this group. No @entity1 had a complete remission. No deterioration in renal function was observed in any @entity1 over the treatment period, but 3 progressed to @entity454 during follow-up. Adverse effects were mild. Only 1 @entity1 required a dose reduction due to an intercurrent @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 appears safe to use in this group of @entity1 and did lower @entity644 in 44% of this cohort resistant to other forms of treatment. Relapses were common, suggesting more prolonged or combination therapy may be required. More rigorous trials utilizing this medication should be considered to further assess the risk-benefit ratio of treatment with @entity2098 in @entity1 with @entity628 .

title: Mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney failure', 'end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few prospective long-term studies of more than 10 years have reported changes in knee function and radiologic outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. PURPOSE: To examine changes in knee function from 6 months to 10 to 15 years after ACL reconstruction and to compare knee function outcomes over time for subjects with isolated @entity130 with those with combined ACL and @entity130 and/or chondral lesion. Furthermore, the aim was to compare the prevalence of radiographic and symptomatic @entity626 between subjects with isolated @entity130 and those with combined ACL and meniscal and/or chondral lesions 10 to 15 years after ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Follow-up evaluations were performed on 221 subjects at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 10 to 15 years after ACL reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft. Outcome measurements were KT-1000 arthrometer, Lachman and pivot shift tests, Cincinnati knee score, isokinetic muscle strength tests, hop tests, visual analog scale for @entity158 , Tegner activity scale, and the Kellgren and Lawrence classification. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-one subjects (82%) were evaluated at the 10- to 15-year follow-up. A significant improvement over time was revealed for all prospective outcomes of knee function. No significant differences in knee function over time were detected between the isolated and combined injury groups. Subjects with combined injury had significantly higher prevalence of @entity626 compared with those with @entity130 (80% and 62%, P = .008), but no significant group differences were shown for symptomatic @entity626 (46% and 32%, P = .053). CONCLUSION: An overall improvement in knee function outcomes was detected from 6 months to 10 to 15 years after ACL reconstruction for both those with isolated and combined @entity130 , but significantly higher prevalence of @entity626 was found for those with combined injuries.

title: Knee function and prevalence of XXXX after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study with 10 to 15 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury', 'meniscal injury', 'ACL injuries', 'isolated injury']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Four continuous @entity1 embryonic stem cell lines ( @entity28372 , @entity28373 , SC3 and SC4), derived from the blastocysts has been described. The cell lines were cultivated on mitotically inactivated @entity1 feeder cells. The cell lines @entity28372 and @entity28373 have passed through 150 population doublings and the cell lines SC3 and SC4 -- near 120 populations doublings, which exceeds Hayflick limit sufficiently. These cell lines maintain high activity of alkaline phosphatase, expression of transcription factor @entity4729 and cell surface antigens (SSEA-4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81), confirming their ESC status and @entity1 specificity. Immunofluorescent detection of antigens, characteristic of ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm confirms the ability of these cells to retain their pluripotency under in vitro condition. PCR analysis revealed expression of six genes specific for pluripotent cells ( @entity4729 , @entity2440 , @entity28374 / @entity28374 , TDGF/ @entity9637 and @entity28375 ). Correlation between the level of proliferative activity and the character of DNA-bound fluorescent staining was found. Fluorescent dyes, @entity5956 and PI, produced diffuse staining of the nuclei in slowly proliferating cells of the @entity28372 and @entity28373 lines. In contrast, in actively proliferating cells of the SC3 and SC4 lines, the clear staining of the nuclei was observed. Upon changing the cultivation condition, proliferative activity of SC3 and SC4 lines decreased and became similar to that of @entity28372 and @entity28373 lines. The character of the fluorescent staining of all these lines was also shown to be similar. These results show that quality of the fluorescent staining with @entity5956 and PI reflects the level of proliferation. Possible causes and mechanisms of this feature of @entity1 ESC are discussed.

title: [The characters and specific features of new XXXX embryonic stem cells lines].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although hepatic cell transplantation (CT) holds the promise of bridging @entity1 with @entity3851 to whole liver transplantation, suitable cell populations are under debate. In addition to hepatic cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are being considered as alternative cell sources for initial clinical cell work. Fetal liver (FL) tissue contains potential progenitors for all these cell lineages. Based on the collagenase incubation of tissue fragments, traditional isolation techniques yield only a fraction of the number of available cells. We report a 5-step method in which a portal vein in situ perfusion technique is used for tissue from the late second trimester. This method results in the high viabilities known for adult liver vascular perfusion, addresses the low cell yields of conventional digestion methods, and reduces the exposure of the tissue to collagenase 4-fold. We used donated tissue from gestational weeks 18 to 22, which yielded 1.8    0.7 * 10(9) cells with an average viability of 78%. Because HSC transplantation and MSC transplantation are of interest for the treatment of @entity1578 , we phenotypically confirmed that in addition to hepatic progenitors, the resulting cell preparation contained cells expressing typical MSC and HSC markers. The percentage of FL cells expressing proliferation markers was 45 times greater than the percentage of adult hepatocytes expressing these markers and was comparable to the percentage of immortalized HepG2 liver @entity157 cells; this indicated the strong proliferative capacity of fetal cells. We report a case of @entity1 FL CT with the described liver cell population for clinical @entity3851 . The @entity1 's @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score improved from 15 to 10 within the first 18 months of observation. In conclusion, this @entity1 FL cell isolation protocol may be of interest for further clinical translation work on the development of liver cell-based therapies.

title: Efficient XXXX fetal liver cell isolation protocol based on vascular perfusion for liver cell-based therapy and case report on cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'Model for End-Stage Liver Disease', 'end-stage chronic liver failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Medical thoracoscopy (MT) is useful for the management of @entity456 . Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of transbronchial needle aspirates proved to be useful during bronchoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ROSE of MT biopsy specimens and thoracoscopists' impression of the macroscopic appearance and assess the intermodality agreement between ROSE and final histopathologic diagnosis. METHODS: Sixty two @entity1 with exudative @entity1143 further investigated with MT were enrolled. MT was performed under local anaesthesia and conscious sedation, using the rigid pleuroscope. ROSE with the Hemacolor rapid staining method of the biopsy specimens was performed. Thoracoscopists' impression of the macroscopic appearance was recorded. The final diagnosis was established following histopathological examination. RESULTS: Thoracoscopic pleural biopsies were diagnosed in 61 @entity1 (98.4%). Group A (n   =   25) consisted of @entity1 with @entity5 and group B (n   =   37) with benign disorders. Area under the curve of ROSE for the diagnosis of @entity5 was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76-0.96, P   <   0.001), with a sensitivity of 79.17%, specificity of 94.59%, diagnostic accuracy of 88.5%, positive predictive value of 90.5% and negative predictive value of 87.5%. Intermodality agreement between ROSE and histopathology was good (k        SE   =   0.615        0.084, P   <   0.001). Area under the curve of the thoracoscopists' impression of macroscopic appearance was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.58-0.85, P   =   0.001), with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 44.7%, positive predictive value of 53.33% and negative predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSION: Rapid on-site evaluation during MT was found to have high accuracy for predicting @entity5 . ROSE can provide the thoracoscopist with an on-site preliminary diagnosis, especially in cases with inconclusive macroscopic appearance.

title: Rapid on-site evaluation with the Hemacolor rapid staining method of medical thoracoscopy biopsy specimens for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural disease']

answer: @entity456 :: (MESH:D010995,Disease) :: ['pleural disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, an association of the @entity2451 polymorphism @entity36362 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) has been reported. This 4-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism is localized in the promoter region of the @entity2451 gene and appears to be functionally relevant. The aim of the present study was to confirm the association of the @entity36362 (W/D) @entity2451 promoter polymorphism with @entity31 in a population of German origin and to test for a potential association with @entity30 ( @entity30 ). Furthermore, potential interactions of the @entity36362 polymorphism with the @entity23973 and the @entity1193 genes should be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 630 @entity1 with @entity30 , 365 @entity1 with @entity31 , and 974 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. For statistical evaluation, the chi-square test and the Fisher exact test were used. RESULTS: No significant association of the W/D @entity2451 polymorphism with @entity30 or @entity31 was detected. In addition, no significant interactions between the @entity36362 @entity2451 polymorphism and polymorphisms within the @entity23973 and the @entity1193 genes, respectively, were found in @entity30 or @entity31 . Also, no significant interactions of the @entity2451 polymorphism with mutations of the @entity6820 / @entity6820 gene and with clinical phenotypes were detected in @entity30 . Moreover, no associations of the @entity2451 polymorphism were found in @entity31 depending on disease localization. CONCLUSIONS: The present study could not confirm the reported association of the @entity36362 @entity2451 polymorphism with @entity31 and also found no evidence for a role of this polymorphism in @entity30 . The results do not give evidence for a role of this @entity2451 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of @entity31 and @entity30 .

title: Role of the @entity2451 @entity36362 promoter polymorphism in IBD and potential interactions with polymorphisms in the @entity6820 / XXXX , @entity23973 , and @entity1193 genes.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity36362 :: ('c|INDEL|-94|ATTG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['-94ins/delATTG']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity6820 :: (64127,Gene) :: ['NOD2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To examine the frequencies and clinical characteristics of fallers and non-fallers at different stages of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: The sample consisted of 232 @entity1 in an unselected cross-sectional cohort of @entity1 with @entity191 , 207 newly diagnosed and drug naive @entity1 and 175 controls. The examinations included the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr, Schwab and England, and Mini-Mental State Examination. According to item 13 of the UPDRS, the @entity1 were classified as fallers, rare-fallers and non-fallers. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional study cohort, 19% of the @entity1 were classified as fallers and 25% as rare-fallers. Higher scores on activity of daily living (UPDRS ADL score) and motor complications (UPDRS complication of therapy score) were significantly and independently associated with falling. In the cohort of newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity191 2% were classified as fallers and 15% as rare-fallers. In the age- and sex-matched control group, none were fallers, and only 2% were rare-fallers. @entity1 with @entity400 -dominated @entity191 subtype in both study populations did not fall. CONCLUSIONS: Falls are a markedly increasing problem in @entity1 with @entity191 as the disease progresses. Healthcare workers should ask @entity1 about falling, and specially focus on @entity1 with motor complications or postural instability and gait disability-dominated subtype of @entity304 .

title: Frequencies of falls and associated features at different stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 showed massive @entity360 without a triggering episode. An emergency colonoscopy revealed a protruding vessel in the lower rectum with no active @entity548 . No underlying @entity1066 was seen within the surrounding mucosa. These findings were consistent with @entity75 . Angiography was requested to identify the source of @entity548 and for possible embolization. On the initial angiography, the @entity548 point was unclear. Abnormal vessels such as @entity2758 or nidus were not found. He again developed @entity360 , requiring transfusion of red blood cells. However, the second colonoscopy showed no active @entity548 from the protruding vessel in the rectum. During the second angiography, sudden @entity548 occurred. Angiography showed extravasation of contrast medium from the distal branch of the superior rectal artery. Transcatheter @entity1416 was performed, and was very effective.

title: A case of XXXX successfully treated by transcatheter @entity1416 .

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ["rectal Dieulafoy's lesion"]

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal bleeding', 'hematochezia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['rectal Dieulafoy's lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The increasing number of @entity174 of the proximal humerus, especially in the elderly, carries with it the unsolved problem of the optimal treatment for the displaced or unstable @entity174 . The authors' goal was to analyze whether fixation with a bent valgus angled blade plate could improve the outcomes reported in the literature to date. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Urban level 1 university @entity130 center. @entity1 : Over a 27-month period, 42 consecutive @entity1 were treated for an unstable or displaced @entity174 . INTERVENTION: Open reduction and internal fixation with a 90-degree cannulated angled blade plate prebent to 110 degrees. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Active follow-up for 1 year with assessment of objective and subjective functional results (ie, motion; strength; Constant score; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score; and visual analog scale (VAS)) and radiographic assessment (reduction, alignment, @entity39 , and nonunion). RESULTS: Follow-up was completed for 86% of the @entity1 , who achieved a mean Constant score of 66 points (82% of the contralateral side) with a mean forward flexion of 125 degrees and an average strength of 72% of the contralateral side. @entity717 (mean DASH score 22) and @entity158 values (mean VAS 2) were demonstrated after this type of stabilization. The overall complication rate was 33% (12/36), with protrusion of the blade into the glenohumeral articulation as the most frequent problem (8/36, 22%). The negative impact of an adverse event on subjective and objective outcomes was only significant for forward flexion (P = 0.02). Neither clinical outcome nor complication rate was different when compared to @entity1 with regard to fracture type (3 versus 4 parts) or age (younger or older than 70 years). CONCLUSIONS: Fixation of displaced @entity6342 with an angled blade plate provided sufficient stability. Blade perforation into the humeral joint occurred in every fourth @entity1 and was found to be the major reason for a high complication rate. In view of this major problem, the technique described here cannot be recommended, even though the absence of nonunions in our series seems to support the low invasiveness of this surgical approach.

title: Unexpected high complication rate following internal fixation of unstable proximal humerus XXXX with an angled blade plate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'proximal humerus fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Low disability']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Study the status of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation vis-a-vis other noninvasive modes of assessment of renal involvement in Type2 @entity6 (T2DM) and assess the temporal profile of the prevalence of @entity8 with a cross sectional cohort. METHODS: A total of 100 @entity1 of T2DM were selected after screening and segregated into 3 groups according to duration of T2DM. Duration of < 5 years constituted group A and had 31 @entity1 , group B duration was between 5-15 years and had 40 @entity1 , rest belonged to group C with duration > 15 years. The parameters studied and compared were (1) various grades of @entity633 --normal, micro and macro by 24 hrs. urinary albumin excretion rates (UAER- gm/24 hr), (2) sonologically detected renal size(normal, small, large) and morphology (loss or presence of corticomedullary differentiation, (3) serum @entity1011 level (</> 1.4 mg/dl) and (4) different levels (high, normal, low, very low) of GFR (ml/min) by @entity12306 renal scan. RESULT ANALYSIS: There was high prevalence of @entity8 in all durations. Microalbuminuria had a high prevalence in @entity1 of shorter duration (group A-74.2%). @entity633 increased with duration but plateued off with longer duration (> 15 yrs) (UAER - 0.0842 +/- 0.083 vs. 0.906 +/- 0.84 vs. 1.346 +/- 1.28). Sonographic loss of corticomedullary differentiation and @entity2629 were late feature only and none had a contracted kidney. Only the parameter of GFR showed a graded and rather linear decrement with duration (132.57 +/- 19.3 vs. 76.33 +/- 20.8 vs. 40.08 +/- 17.1). Hyperfiltration had a high prevalence in @entity1 of early detection (61.3%) and was the earliest change noted before change in any other parameter. GFR shows wide variation in various grades of @entity633 , especially microalbuminuria, and @entity2629 . A value in the normal range was uncommon (8%). CONCLUSION: GFR estimation is probably the most rational noninvasive mode of assessing the renal status in @entity1 of T2DM, irrespective of the status of the other noninvasive methods as they express significant variation in inception and progression.

title: Role of GFR estimation in assessment of the status of XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Isolated lung perfusion (ILuP) and selective pulmonary artery perfusion (SPAP) are experimental surgical techniques to deliver high-dose chemotherapy selectively to the lung for the treatment of lung metastases. ILuP with melphalan (MN) has shown to be feasible in clinical studies but can only be used once because it is invasive. SPAP as an endovascular technique can be repeated several times, but no results have been reported so far. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of SPAP with MN were studied in a rodent lung metastasis model and compared it with ILuP and intravenous (IV) therapy. METHODS: Pharmacokinetics: forty-five Wag-Rij @entity35 were randomized into three groups: IV 0.5 mg MN, ILuP 0.5 mg MN and SPAP 0.5 mg MN. Every treatment group was again randomized in three groups: 15 min treatment, 30 min treatment and 30 min treatment with 30 min reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were taken for MN concentrations. EFFICACY: twenty-five Wag-Rij @entity35 were randomized into five groups: control, sham thoracotomy, IV 0.5 mg MN, ILuP 0.5 mg MN and SPAP 0.5 mg MN. At day 0, bilateral lung metastases were induced, and treatment followed at day 7. At day 28, @entity35 were sacrificed and pulmonary metastases counted. Survival: thirty Wag-Rij @entity35 were randomized into five groups: control, sham ILuP, IV 0.5 mg MN, ILuP 0.5 mg MN, SPAP 0.5 mg MN. At day 0, left-sided lungmetastases were induced with treatment at day 7. Endpoints were @entity204 due to disease or survival up to 90 days. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetics: SPAP and ILuP resulted in significantly higher left lung MN concentrations compared with IV (P = 0.05). EFFICACY: SPAP (30    22 nodules) and ILuP (20    9 nodules) resulted in significantly less nodules compared with IV (113    17 nodules; P < 0.01). Survival: median survival of SPAP (74    8 days) was equal to ILuP MN (71    10 days) but significantly longer compared with IV (54    7 days; P < 0.01 both). CONCLUSIONS: SPAP with MN for the treatment of @entity358 in @entity35 is equally effective to ILuP but resulted in a significantly better survival compared with IV MN. As SPAP can be applied as a minimally invasive endovascular procedure, continued research with this technique is warranted.

title: Selective pulmonary artery perfusion with melphalan is equal to isolated lung perfusion but superior to intravenous melphalan for the treatment of XXXX in a rodent model.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma lung metastases']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['sarcoma lung metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6197 is a severe complication of @entity3964 infection in @entity1 , with a mortality rate of 15 to 50 percent despite antimalarial therapy. METHODS: To determine whether combining @entity68 chelation with @entity4807 therapy speeds the recovery of consciousness, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the @entity68 chelator @entity5532 in 83 Zambian @entity1 with @entity6197 . To be enrolled, @entity1 had to be less than six years old, have @entity3964 @entity5895 , have normal cerebrospinal fluid without evidence of @entity2348 , and be in a @entity772 from which they could not be aroused. @entity5532 (100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, infused intravenously for 72 hours) or placebo was added to standard therapy with @entity4807 and @entity9230 - @entity4765 . The time to the recovery of full consciousness, time to parasite clearance, and mortality were examined with @entity797 proportional-hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: The rate of recovery of full consciousness among the 42 @entity1 given @entity5532 was 1.3 times that among the 41 given placebo (95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.3); the median time to recovery was 20.2 hours in the @entity5532 group and 43.1 hours in the placebo group (P = 0.38). Among 50 @entity1 with deep @entity772 , the rate of recovery of full consciousness was increased 2.2-fold with @entity5532 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.7), decreasing the median recovery time from 68.2 to 24.1 hours (P = 0.03). Among 69 @entity1 for whom data on parasite clearance were available, the rate of clearance with @entity5532 was 2.0 times that with placebo (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.6). Among all 83 @entity1 , mortality was 17 percent in the @entity5532 group and 22 percent in the placebo group (P = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: @entity68 chelation therapy may hasten the clearance of @entity5895 and enhance recovery from deep @entity772 in @entity6197 .

title: Effect of XXXX chelation therapy on recovery from deep @entity772 in @entity1 with @entity6197 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine', 'Deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria', 'Cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'P. falciparum']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: AIM: To investigate and analyse the attitudes to @entity286 prevention among @entity1 healthcare nurses, to study how @entity286 preventive work is carried out at @entity1 healthcare centres today. To evaluate how the @entity286 preventive work had changed in @entity1 health care since the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare's national evaluation in 1997. BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke has adverse health effects. Interventions aiming at minimising environmental @entity286 smoke have been developed and implemented at @entity1 healthcare centres in Sweden but the long-term effects of the interventions have not been studied. DESIGN: Survey. METHODS: In 2004, a postal questionnaire was sent to all nurses (n = 196) working at 92 @entity1 healthcare centres in two counties in south-eastern Sweden. The questionnaire was based on questions used by the National Board of Health and Welfare in their national evaluation in 1997 and individual semi-structured interviews performed for this study. RESULTS: Almost all the nurses considered it very important to ask parents about their smoking habits (median 9.5, range 5.1-10.0). Collaboration with antenatal care had decreased since 1997. Nearly all the nurses mentioned difficulties in reaching fathers (70%), groups such as immigrant families (87%) and socially vulnerable families (94%) with the @entity286 preventive programme. No nurses reported having special strategies to reach these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement of methods for @entity286 prevention at @entity1 healthcare centres is called for, especially for vulnerable groups in society. However, the positive attitude among nurses found in this study forms a promising basis for successful interventions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study shows that launching national programmes for @entity286 prevention is not sufficient to achieve sustainable work. Nurses working in @entity1 healthcare centres have an overall positive attitude to @entity286 prevention but need continuous education and training in communication skills especially to reach social vulnerable groups. Regular feedback from systematic follow-ups might increase motivation for this work.

title: XXXX health nurses' roles and attitudes in reducing @entity1 's tobacco smoke exposure.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: @entity54 is a common pathogen in poultry and captive wild birds and an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen in immunocompromised @entity1 . Although @entity3 is frequently reported in free-ranging wild birds, the incidence and @entity66 in a natural setting is unknown. We recently reported endemic outbreaks of @entity3 at @entity25813 nesting sites close to @entity1 habitation in Germany with significant subsequent breeding losses. Therefore, we hypothesized that A. fumigatus strains with higher virulence in birds may have evolved in this environment and performed the first epidemiological analysis of @entity3 in free-ranging wild birds. Sixty-one clinical and environmental A. fumigatus isolates from six affected nesting sites were genotyped by microsatellite analysis using the STRAf-assay. The isolates showed a remarkable high genomic diversity and, contrary to the initial hypothesis, clinical and environmental isolates did not cluster significantly. Interestingly, storks were infected with two to four different genotypes and in most cases both mating types MAT-1.1 and MAT-1.2 were present within the same specimen. The majority of selected clinical and environmental strains exhibited similar virulence in an in vivo infection model using embryonated @entity1573 eggs. Noteworthy, virulence was not associated with one distinct fungal mating type. These results further support the assumption that the majority of A. fumigatus strains have the potential to cause disease in susceptible hosts. In @entity25813 , immaturity of the immune system during the first three weeks of age may enhance susceptibility to @entity3 .

title: Molecular epidemiology and virulence assessment of XXXX isolates from @entity25813 chicks and their environment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity25813 :: ('8928', 'Species') :: ['white stork', 'white storks']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemiology of the disease']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: An accumulation of experimental data suggests that @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor antagonists will prevent @entity2806 following transient global @entity63 and reduce @entity1188 volumes following focal @entity63 insults. The excitotoxic hypothesis states that the excitatory @entity535 neurotransmitter @entity8854 has @entity2359 properties that can be attenuated by antagonism of the @entity143 receptor. In vitro work has shown that a variety of @entity143 antagonists will prevent the death of neurons grown in culture and subsequently exposed to either brief periods of @entity519 or @entity2227 exposure. In vivo it has been shown that @entity2227 is released following @entity63 , that the @entity143 receptors remain functional both during and following @entity63 , and that the concentration of @entity143 receptors is highest in those regions that are most sensitive to @entity2806 . Once stimulated, these receptors mediate a lethal influx of @entity460 . Experiments with global @entity63 have reported a cytoprotective effect by either prior removal of @entity2227 afferents or pretreatment with either competitive or noncompetitive receptor antagonists. Some of these data have been challenged and one suggestion that has been made is that the observed pharmacoprotection may be the result of coincidental drug-induced @entity2332 . Numerous studies using a variety of models of focal @entity63 have shown that the volume of a cortical @entity1188 can be reduced with @entity143 antagonists given either before or after an @entity63 insult. These data are more consistent than those achieved for models of global @entity63 and have led to proposals for clinical trials. Novel compounds that antagonize the @entity143 receptor are now the subject of phase I clinical studies that are envisaged as a prelude to randomized @entity64 trials. The hypothesis that blockade of excitatory @entity535 receptors will prevent @entity528 presages a new era in @entity64 treatment.

title: Do @entity143 antagonists protect against XXXX : are clinical trials warranted?

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure airway and hemodynamic effects of @entity27120 (ANP) and its efficacy in counteracting the changes in lung mechanics that occur with aerosol @entity112 and @entity5402 . Synthetic @entity1 alpha-ANP was injected into the pulmonary arteries of awake @entity742 chronically instrumented for measurement of lung mechanics and hemodynamics (n = 7). Base-line dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) and pulmonary resistance (RL) did not change after ANP injection. On separate days, the dose required to reduce Cdyn to 65% of base line (ED65Cdyn) to progressive doses of aerosol @entity112 and the dose required to increase RL by 100% of the base-line values (ED200RL) to progressive doses of aerosol @entity5402 were determined. ANP was given as bolus injections of 1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg 3 min after either the ED65Cdyn or ED200RL doses of @entity112 and @entity5402 , respectively, and the airway response was monitored for 10 min. ANP significantly reversed the rise in RL after @entity5402 administration (n = 10). This action of ANP was not altered by cyclooxygenase inhibition with @entity5018 . ANP did not reverse the reduction in Cdyn caused by either @entity112 (n = 7) or @entity5402 . The bronchodilating effect of ANP appears to be more prominent in the larger central airways than in the peripheral airways. The hemodynamic effects of ANP were similar to those reported by others. Heart rate and cardiac output had a biphasic response, with an initial rise followed by a drop below the base line. Systemic arterial and left atrial pressures decreased significantly. Pulmonary arterial pressure did not change significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acute effects of XXXX on lung mechanics and hemodynamics in awake @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity27120 :: ('100294648(Tax:9940)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity27120 :: (100294648(Tax:9940),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate treatment with bevacizumab alone or ranibizumab alone in neovascular age-related @entity1020 (nAMD) @entity1 with low visual acuity. METHODS: Data were analyzed retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were (1) pretreatment visual acuity of LogMAR 1.3 or worse and (2) treatment duration of at least 12 months. Injections were given monthly for the first 3 months and thereafter as needed. Data collected for each @entity1 included best corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness measured before treatment, at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 during treatment, and at the last follow-up visit. RESULTS: In the bevacizumab @entity1 , mean visual acuity was initially 1.70 LogMAR; at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 during treatment it was 1.20, 1.11, 1.14, and 1.10 LogMAR, respectively, and at the last follow-up it was 1.12 LogMAR (P<0.01 for all differences with respect to the initial value). Mean injection number in the first 12 months was 5.3. In the ranibizumab @entity1 , mean visual acuity was initially 1.53 LogMAR; at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 during treatment it was 1.18, 1.17, 1.17, and 1.28 LogMAR, respectively, and at the last follow-up it was 1.21 LogMAR (P<0.01 for all differences with respect to the initial value). Mean injection number in the first 12 months was 4.2. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with nAMD and low pretreatment visual acuities can benefit from treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab.

title: One-year results of treatment with bevacizumab alone or ranibizumab alone for low visual acuity due to neovascular age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']