abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to describe the epidemiology of tree house-related @entity130 in the United States among @entity1 and adolescents. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for @entity1 < or =19 years who were treated in an emergency department (ED) for a tree house-related injury from 1990 through 2006. RESULTS: An estimated 47,351 @entity1 < or =19 years of age were treated in EDs for tree house-related @entity130 over the 17-year study period. @entity174 were the most common diagnosis (36.6%), and the upper extremities were the most commonly injured body part (38.8%). The odds of sustaining a @entity542 were increased for @entity1 aged <5 years. Falls were the most common injury mechanism (78.6%) and increased the odds of sustaining a @entity174 . Falls or jumps from a height > or =10 feet occurred in 29.3% of cases for which height of the fall/jump was recorded. @entity1 had significantly higher odds of falling or jumping from a height of > or =10 ft than @entity1 , and @entity1 10 to 19 years old also had significantly higher odds of falling or jumping from a height of > or =10 feet, compared to those 9 years old and younger. The odds of hospitalization were tripled if the @entity1 fell or jumped from > or =10 feet and nearly tripled if the @entity1 sustained a @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: This study examined tree house-related @entity130 on a national level. Tree house safety deserves special attention because of the potential for serious @entity204 due to falls from great heights, as well as the absence of national or regional safety standards. The authors provide safety and prevention recommendations based on the successful standards developed for playground equipment.

title: Pediatric tree house-related XXXX treated in emergency departments in the United States: 1990-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury or death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) with weighted-average (WA) images and @entity1496 overlay (IO) images in the evaluation of laryngeal cartilage invasion in @entity1 with laryngeal and @entity957 (SCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and written comprehensive consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Seventy-two consecutive @entity1 underwent 128-section dual-source @entity5748 to stage laryngeal (n=27) or hypopharyngeal (n=45) @entity5 . Three observers who were blinded to the @entity1 ' clinical histories and histopathologic findings evaluated cartilage invasion on WA images alone or in combination with IO images (nonossified cartilages were selectively evaluated on IO images) by using a five-point scale. Thirty of the 72 @entity1 (42%) underwent surgery, and findings from histopathologic examination in those @entity1 were used as the standard of reference for the evaluation of diagnostic performance with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Interobserver reproducibility was calculated with k statistics. RESULTS: For thyroid cartilage, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the WA plus IO images was marginally larger than that for WA images alone (AUC=0.957 vs 0.870, respectively; P=.075). The specificity of WA plus IO images was significantly superior to that of WA images alone (96% vs 70%, respectively; P=.031), with no compromise to the sensitivity (86% for both). For thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the interobserver reproducibility was higher for diagnoses made with WA plus IO images (k=0.68-0.72 and 0.64-0.79, respectively) than for those made with WA images alone (k=0.29-0.56 and 0.20-0.64, respectively). CONCLUSION: Combined analysis of WA and IO images obtained with @entity5748 improves the diagnostic performance and interobserver reproducibility of evaluations of laryngeal cartilage invasion by SCC.

title: Evaluation of cartilage invasion by laryngeal and XXXX with @entity5748 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['dual-energy CT']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Five @entity1 with mild chronic portal systemic @entity75 (PSE) were studied. The study was designed in a double cross over fashion in which each @entity1 received during period I a 40 g vegetable protein diet as single treatment. During period II three g/day of oral @entity7913 were added and then new periods of single vegetable protein diet (period III) and vegetable protein diet plus @entity7913 (period IV) were introduced (identical to periods I and II respectively). Each period lasted two weeks. Several biweekly assessements-tests were determined including: mental state, asterixis grade, electroencephalograms, number connection tests, figure connection tests, blood @entity3265 levels and stool counts of total aerobes/anaerobes per g/feces were done. During the study none of the @entity1 developed acute @entity75 . In any case it was detected a significant improvement of the PSE parameters assessed with the addition of oral @entity7913 . Fecal counts were very similar during the various periods of the study. We conclude that in mild portal systemic @entity75 controlled with vegetable protein diet, the addition of non absorbable antibiotics is not mandatory for the management of these @entity1 and may represent a potential risk of serious side effects. At the beginning of treatment vegetable protein diet should be administered and only in case of failure, antibiotics are to be indicated.

title: [Vegetable protein diets with or without non-absorbable antibiotics for the treatment of chronic portal systemic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity136 is the only drug approved for single-agent therapy in @entity788 ( @entity788 ). @entity136 -based combination chemotherapy has not yet shown promising results. METHODS: This multicenter phase II study enrolled previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced and/or metastatic @entity788 . @entity1 received 1,000 mg/m(2) @entity136 , 100-min infusion, day 1 and 100 mg/m(2) @entity901 , 2-h infusion, day 2; q2w. The primary end point was response rate (RR). RESULTS: Thirteen study centers enrolled 48 eligible @entity1 of which 44 were evaluable. The RR, median overall survival, and median time to progression were 18.2%, 9.4 and 5.6 months, respectively. Sixteen @entity1 (36.4%) experienced clinical benefit. The global quality of life scores improved by 11.71. Grade 3/4 @entity1897 was noted (2.1%), while the most common @entity1503 was @entity417 (grade 3/4, 6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 and @entity901 combination chemotherapy showed a promising activity in @entity788 @entity1 and was well tolerated.

title: @entity136 and XXXX combination as first-line treatment for advanced @entity788 : a multicenter phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['advanced pancreatic carcinoma', 'APC', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the subtypes of primary diffuse large B cell @entity149 (CNS DLBCL) and to explore the relationship between the subtype classification and prognosis. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of @entity2225 , CD3, @entity2282 , @entity4042 , @entity14546 , @entity5893 , @entity588 , Ki-67, @entity12624 , @entity24403 , @entity12467 and @entity18281 antigens on @entity982 -embedded sections of 47 cases. Hans, Choi and Tally subtypes were classified, and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to elucidate the relationship between the subtypes and prognosis. RESULTS: In the 47 cases, the expression of @entity588 in the @entity5 cells was 46.8%, @entity2282 4.3%, @entity4042 70.2%, @entity14546 53.2%, @entity24403 36.2%, @entity12467 4.3%, @entity12624 63.8% and @entity18281 19.2%. The positive rate of Ki-67 was 30% to 95%, with a median of 80%, of which 12 cases (25.5%) was > or = 90%. The Hans subtype classification showed 16 cases (34.0%) were of GCB type and 31 cases (66.0%) of non-GCB type. The Choi subtype classification showed 16 cases (34.0%) were of GCB type and 31 cases (66.0%) of ABC type. The Tally subtype classification showed 6 cases (12.8%) were of GCB type and 41 cases (87.2%) of non-GCB type. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that there is no significant correlation between the three subtypes and prognosis. The prognosis is correated with post-operative radiotherapy, chemotherapy and @entity1500 therapy.

title: [Analysis of the immunohistochemical subtypes and prognosis of primary diffuse large B cell XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of the central nervous system']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is the most effective therapy for @entity82 -associated @entity157 ( @entity157 ) but its utility is limited by post-transplant @entity5 recurrence. Use of the Milan, size-based criteria, has reduced recurrence rate to less than 10% but many @entity1 remain ineligible. Reduction of @entity5 size with local therapies has been used to "downstage" @entity1 to allow them to qualify for transplantation, but the optimal criteria to predict @entity5 recurrence in these latter @entity1 has not been established. The existence of a progenitor cell population, sometimes called @entity5 stem cells (CSCs), has been proposed to be one mechanism accounting for the chemotherapy resistance and recurrence of @entity157 . The aim of this study was to determine if transcatheter arterial chemoemolization (TACE) treated @entity5 have increased CSC marker expression and whether these markers could be used to predict @entity5 recurrence. METHODS: Formalin fixed specimens were obtained from 39 @entity157 liver explants (23 with no treatment and 16 after TACE). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for @entity5960 , @entity1759 , @entity5399 , and @entity5439 . Staining for each marker was scored 0-3 by evaluating the number and intensity of positive @entity5 cells in 5 hpf of @entity5 in each specimen. RESULTS: TACE treated @entity5 displayed greater @entity39 and @entity82 than non-TACE treated samples but there were no differences in morphology between the viable @entity5 cells of both groups. In TACE treated specimens, the staining of both @entity5960 and @entity5439 was greater than in non-TACE specimens but @entity1759 and @entity5399 were the same. In the TACE group, the presence of high @entity5960 staining was associated with @entity5 recurrence. Four of ten @entity5960 high @entity1 recurred while 0 of 6 @entity5960 low @entity1 recurred (P = 0.040). None of the other markers predicted recurrence. CONCLUSION: High pre-transplant @entity5960 staining predicted @entity157 recurrence. This suggests that the abundance of @entity5 cells with a CSC phenotype may be a critical factor in the likelihood of @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 receiving liver transplantation after TACE.

title: Impact of stem cell marker expression on recurrence of TACE-treated XXXX post liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Two cases of @entity1375 with @entity299 (acute @entity583 , AMI) following @entity1955 replacement were reported. Neither of these cases showed any major @entity453 . The first case was a 58 year-old male who was treated with @entity1955 (initial dose 0.025 mg/day) for @entity1375 due to @entity2621 . The dose was increased up to 0.1 mg/day within 2 weeks. Acute @entity583 occurred 6 weeks after the replacement was started. Angiographical study showed no notable pathological change in major coronary arteries, but echocardiography demonstrated diffuse hypokinesis of the left ventricular wall. The second case was a 61-year-old female who suffered from @entity2743 and had been treated with @entity3937 (2.5 mg/day) for 15 years. Later, she became @entity1375 and was treated with @entity1955 . At first, 0.05 mg/day of @entity1955 was given, and then the dose was increased up to 0.1 mg/day after the 7th week. Acute @entity583 occurred 3 weeks after the dose was increased. Angiographic study of the coronary arteries revealed no abnormality. Possible causes of AMI in @entity1955 replacement were discussed in relation to @entity2553 and small vessel disease of the heart. Importance of echocardiographic study before hormone replacement therapy is stressed, particularly for middle/old-aged @entity1 with long-term @entity1375 .

title: Severe myocardial ischemia following hormone replacement in two cases of XXXX with normal coronary arteriogram.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vascular spasm']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac attack']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: In order to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of @entity2287 contrast agents in @entity1 with hemodialysis, in vitro and clinical studies were performed. @entity7241 and @entity25942 solutions were dialysed by standard methods. One classic type (cellulose acetate) and two high-performance types ( @entity4625 and @entity7540 ) were used. Eleven dialysis @entity1 underwent normal dose contrast MRI followed by usual dose hemodialysis (HD). @entity4625 dialysis membranes were used for 8 @entity1 and cellulose @entity598 membranes for 3 patients. Serum levels of @entity2287 , BUN and @entity1011 were analyzed before and after the 1st HD and after the 2nd, 3rd and 4th HD. Side effects and @entity4 were carefully observed. In vitro studies showed that 11.1 hours of dialysis would be necessary to remove 97% of the injected dose of contrast agent by using a first-order kinetic model of dialysis time. When dialysis membranes and contrast agents were compared, statistically significant differences were noted between dialysis membranes and all contrast agents. In the clinical study, 79.1% of the contrast agent was dialyzed after the 1st dialysis and 99.6% after the 4th dialysis. These results showed that all contrast agents and both dialysis membranes were suitable. Neither changes in laboratory parameters nor side effects were observed. The present study suggests, consequently, there are no contraindications when using the ordinary dose of contrast agent even in @entity1 with dialysis.

title: [Clearance of XXXX contrast agent by hemodialysis: in vitro and clinical studies].

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity7540 :: ('CHEBI:61639', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: Out of 184 @entity1 with posttraumatic @entity1779 52 were treated conservatively. For this treatment @entity1 were qualified with good consciousness level, in the range of 13-15 GCS score. Presence of massive @entity51 was not an indication to treatment. @entity1 with haematomas in the central zone, with multiple haematomas or with contraindications to operation were treated conservatively. Eight @entity1 died (15%), in 2 of them severe @entity131 with multiple haematomas were the cause of @entity204 , in 1 case primary @entity130 was present, one @entity1 had deeply situated haematoma of the thalamus and ventricular system, and in 4 cases @entity204 was due to non-cerebral causes. The size of the haematoma in CT scan was not decisive for the choice of the treatment. Nearly in all cases compression of the ventricular system was present, but in only some cases the ventricles were shifted. In repeated CT scans resorption of the haematomas was observed. Twenty @entity1 were discharged home in @entity558 without serious @entity51 . Twenty-four @entity1 were treated later on in other hospital departments. Later outpatient control examinations showed that even serious neurological deficits regressed in most cases. The main symptoms were those of the post-trauma syndrome. About 25% of @entity1 had @entity302 after the treatment. The author believes that if the @entity1 is conscious and his consciousness is not worsening conservative treatment of @entity1779 may be undertaken with good effects, on condition, however, of the availability of immediate surgical intervention if the condition of the @entity1 is deteriorating.

title: [Conservative treatment of post-traumatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good general condition']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haematomas']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem trauma']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hematoma']


abstract: Neurotropin, a non-protein extract from the inflamed skin of @entity95 inoculated with @entity6621 , has been clinically used as an analgesic drug in Japan. Its analgesic effect has been demonstrated by reduced mechano-nociception in @entity1931 @entity35 exposed to SART-stress (a repeated cold stress) for 5 days. In order to clarify the mechanism of the analgesic effect of neurotropin at the spinal cord level, we examined the effects of several neurotransmitter receptor antagonists given by intrathecal (i.t.) injection on the antinociceptive effect of intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected neurotropin [100 and 200 Neurotropin Unit (NU)/kg]. The analgesic effect of neurotropin was significantly inhibited not only by @entity3858 (100 nmol/ @entity35 , i.t.), a non-selective antagonist against @entity750 ( @entity750 ), but also @entity16645 (30 nmol/ @entity35 , i.t.), a selective 5-HT3 antagonist, but not influenced by @entity6009 (100 nmol/ @entity35 , i.t.), a 5-HT2A antagonist. The antinociceptive effect of neurotropin (200 NU/kg, i. p.) was significantly inhibited also by @entity3160 (30 nmol/ @entity35 , i.t.), a noradrenergic alpha2 antagonist. However, the analgesic effect of neurotropin (100 and 200 NU/kg, i.p.) was not influenced by @entity1510 (30 nmol/ @entity35 , i.t.), an opioid antagonist. These results suggest that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of neurotropin is via enhancement of endogenous descending @entity158 inhibitory pathways of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems, especially involving 5-HT3 and noradrenergic alpha2 receptors in spinal dorsal horn in which these neurons terminate. No influence of opioid receptors at the spinal cord level is indicated.

title: Neurotropin induces antinociceptive effect by enhancing descending XXXX inhibitory systems involving 5-HT3 and noradrenergic alpha2 receptors in spinal dorsal horn.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) is a teleost fish with strong @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Several studies have shown that @entity41482 and gonadal aromatase ( @entity4819 ) are implicated in the sex differentiation process in teleosts but little is known on the expression balance and endocrine regulation of these two genes during @entity734 . This study was designed to clarify the expression patterns of both genes during gonadal sex differentiation of pejerrey reared at female-, male- and mixed-sex-producing temperatures (FPT, MPT, and MixPT, respectively). The expression of @entity41482 was found to be significantly higher during gonadal sex differentiation at MPT compared to FPT. Conversely, @entity4819 expression clearly increased during differentiation at FPT but not at MPT. The expression of both genes at MixPT showed a dimorphic profile with individual values resembling either those at the MPT or FPT. Administration of exogenous @entity53 down- and up-regulated the expression of @entity41482 and @entity4819 , respectively, regardless of temperature, and rescued the female phenotype at the MPT. However, treatment with the aromatase inhibitor @entity2628 caused masculinization without changing the pattern of gene expression. These results are strong evidence of the involvement of both genes in the gonadal differentiation process of pejerrey. The involvement of @entity53 is discussed.

title: Dimorphic expression of @entity41482 and XXXX (ovarian aromatase) during early gonadal development in pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis.

entities_list: @entity2628 :: ('MESH:D017316', 'Chemical') :: ['Fadrozole']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TSD', 'temperature-dependent sex determination']

answer: @entity4819 :: (1588,Gene) :: ['cyp19a1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of @entity2926 on thyroid hormone induction of the specific activity of hepatic microsomal @entity413 -6-phosphatase in @entity35 . ANIMALS: Male Fisher 344 @entity35 , 6 and 24 months old, healthy and infected with @entity2926 . PROCEDURE: The maximal velocity of @entity413 -6-phosphatase in intact and detergent-disrupted hepatic microsomes was assayed in duplicate or triplicate at 5 substrate concentrations, by monitoring the release of inorganic @entity1391 at 0-, 5-, and 10-minute intervals. The method of least squares was used to determine the velocity of the reactions. The level of statistical significance was determined, using the Student's t-test for unpaired data. Thyroid hormone (40 micrograms of T3/ 100 g of body weight) was administered for 5 consecutive days prior to sacrifice. RESULTS: @entity2926 significantly increased the specific activity of the translocase component of @entity413 -6-phosphatase in old, but not young, @entity35 . The activity of the translocase increased more than three-fold in untreated, infected old animals, compared with untreated, healthy old animals. Thyroid hormone induced a two- and threefold increase in the specific activities of the translocase in young and old healthy animals, respectively. Thyroid hormone did not increase the activity of the translocase in old animals infected with @entity2926 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity2926 alters the specific activity and induction by thyroid hormone of the translocase component of hepatic microsomal @entity413 -6-phosphatase in old male Fisher 344 @entity35 . It is necessary to be aware of possible alterations in hepatic membrane-bound enzymes after leptospiral infection of older laboratory animals.

title: Alterations in specific activity of XXXX -6-phosphatase in @entity35 after leptospiral exposure followed by triiodothyronine administration.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['laboratory rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis', 'Leptospirosis']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity12010 ( @entity12010 ) is caused by lack of functional products of the autoimmune regulator gene located on chromosome 21q22.3. The @entity1 are at high risk of developing @entity2690 -dependent (type 1) @entity6 , but the positive predictive value of @entity1840 or islet cell antibodies for type 1 @entity6 is only 27%. Autoantibodies against the @entity9217 @entity669 phosphatase-like protein ( @entity2690 have been suggested to be better markers for active ss-cell destruction. We studied these antibodies in sera from 60 Finnish @entity1 with @entity12010 , 12 of whom subsequently developed type 1 @entity6 . Four (36%) of the 11 @entity1 for whom we had prediabetic samples had @entity9217 ab, and 4 (36%) had IAA. None of the 48 nondiabetics had IAA, and only 2 (4%) had @entity9217 ab. Both had the antibodies for years without @entity6 . Thus, @entity9217 ab or IAA have a low sensitivity (36%), but high specificity (96% or 100%), with a positive predictive value of 67% for type 1 @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity12010 . Data for human leukocyte antigen haplotypes were available for 59 of the @entity1 , including 11 @entity6 , and for 8 additional nondiabetic Finnish @entity1 . No association between type 1 @entity6 and high risk genotypes was seen. None of the 11 @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , but 15 of the 56 (27%; P: < 0.05) nondiabetic @entity1 and 24 of 93 (26%; P: < 0.05) of the control subjects had the @entity3098 *0602 allele, which is considered protective for type 1 @entity6 . This is remarkable, as previously no positive or negative associations have been reported for any disease components of @entity12010 with @entity1 leukocyte II antigens.

title: ss-cell autoantibodies, human leukocyte antigen II alleles, and type 1 XXXX in @entity12010 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2690 :: ('3630', 'Gene') :: ['IA-2 ab) or insulin (IAA)', 'insulin']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy', 'APECED']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: We present an unusual case of @entity25094 with a mucosa-lined deep perineal fissure extending to the sacrum, penoscrotal transposition, @entity9 , and a penile ventral skin defect. The @entity1 had a sigmoid diverting colostomy because of high anal @entity1146 . Magnetic resonance imaging illustrated absence of the levator ani and muscle complex in the pelvis. At 15 months, perianal examination pointed out a @entity292 orifice and a sac related to the @entity292 at the left side of the perineal fissure. The @entity292 , a fluid-filled sac extending to the sacrum, and mucosa overlying the perineal fissure were removed en bloc. The neck of the sac was ligated and divided at the level of the distal sacrum. In the same session, a Glenn-Anderson procedure was performed for @entity546 was released. X-ray showed a @entity85 of the sacrococcygeal region in the shape of a scimitar. Histopathological examination demonstrated that the sac contained glial neuronal islands and nerve fibers. The @entity1 has no @entity51 and seems to be well. To our knowledge, these associated @entity600 are extremely rare.

title: XXXX associated with penoscrotal inversion and perineal fissure.

entities_list: @entity25094 :: ('MESH:C536221', 'Disease') :: ['Currarino syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['bony deformity']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penoscrotal transposition, and the penile chordee']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['perineal hypospadias']

answer: @entity25094 :: (MESH:C536221,Disease) :: ['Currarino syndrome']


abstract: Bone marrow biopsy of the iliac crest is the first and most important step in the diagnostics of @entity1583 . The biopsies of the years 2006 and 2007 from the Institute of Pathology of the Jena University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed for clinicopathological parameters. In addition, the Mitelman database was retrieved for @entity2008 . The analysis of 2820 reports from 1185 @entity1 revealed @entity706 , @entity1582 and @entity3052 were most frequent. Males predominated in myeloproliferative @entity5 and @entity706 subtypes, particularly @entity1072 , except for @entity1582 and @entity3052 . A peak incidence was seen between 61 and 70 years of age with a varying pattern for single entities. The database search revealed that @entity981 , @entity3052 , @entity1072 and @entity1860 were mainly diploid while @entity978 , @entity1892 and @entity1582 mostly carried @entity981 chromosome numbers. Numerical aberrations like chromosome 8 gains in @entity1860 were prominent in specific subgroups. Molecular testing is exemplified in @entity1860 , @entity1582 and @entity5734 . The study highlights typical clinicopathological characteristics and new genetic findings in @entity1583 with relevance for the new WHO classification and beyond. We hope that it may help in the differential diagnosis of bone marrow biopsies.

title: Bone marrow biopsies of XXXX with @entity706 , @entity2008 and molecular pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'that lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'plasma cell myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['mature B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic disorders', 'hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal aberrations']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'hyperdiploid CML']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Neuropsychological studies of @entity161 typically apply a small number of tests to a large group of @entity1 . This approach has at least two drawbacks. First, the heterogeneity of the condition will lead to group means which may not reflect the behaviour of any individual. Secondly, it is difficult to infer the nature of the underlying @entity73 from a small number of tests, since good performance on a particular test depends on many different cognitive processes. In these circumstances it is more appropriate to apply the methods of cognitive neuropsychology where a large number of tests are used on a single case. This approach has proved fruitful in the study of neurological @entity1 . We have intensively studied 5 chronic @entity161 @entity1 . These @entity1 varied greatly in terms of overall ability. However, all @entity1 , whatever their overall ability, performed badly on tests sensitive to @entity75 . This result suggests impairment of the supervisory attentional system in these @entity1 . In addition, one @entity1 suffered from a @entity227 .

title: Can the neuropsychological case-study approach be applied to XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual agnosia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity4002 is an important zoonosis that occurs throughout the world. In contrast to most other European countries, there has been no evidence of @entity4002 in Norway up to now. The disease is caused by @entity4003 , @entity16452 . @entity1 are infected mainly by inhalation of contaminated aerosols from @entity291 , @entity742 and @entity1237 . Clinical manifestations are protean, ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening @entity884 . In this article we present the first four cases of serological proven @entity4002 imported into Norway. The @entity1 were Norwegian tourists who had visited Bhutan, the Canary Islands, and Morocco. Two @entity1 had @entity221 with @entity1910 , one had @entity55 , and one had biopsy-proven @entity99 . Three were treated with @entity2930 . All four @entity1 recovered well.

title: [ XXXX imported into Norway].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['endemic Q fever', 'Q fever', 'acute Q fever']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['maculopapular exanthema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity16452 :: ('MESH:D012282', 'Disease') :: ['a rickettsia-like bacterium']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q-fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to contrast risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes in @entity1 with @entity3 treated in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) with those in @entity1 with @entity3 treated outside an @entity1213 and to describe therapeutic results with @entity11794 in @entity1213 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 with documented @entity3 who received their first dose of the study drug in the @entity1213 as part of a double-blind randomized trial. @entity1 were not stratified at entry by their @entity1213 status. @entity1 received @entity11794 (50 mg/d after a 70-mg loading dose) or conventional @entity2379 (0.6-1.0 mg/kg per day) for 10 to 14 days. A favorable response required resolution of signs and symptoms as well as eradication of Candida pathogens. RESULTS: Of the 224 @entity1 , 97 (43%) received their first dose of the study drug in the @entity1213 . Most @entity1 had well-recognized risk factors for @entity3 , including broad-spectrum antibiotics, central venous catheters, and hyperalimentation. Recent surgery was more common whereas @entity5 , @entity1398 , and immunosuppression were less common among @entity1213 @entity1 than among non- @entity1213 @entity1 . @entity4963 was demonstrated in 81% of @entity1213 @entity1 and in 84% of non- @entity1213 @entity1 . Favorable response rates in the @entity1213 @entity1 vs the non- @entity1213 @entity1 were 68% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 53%, 82%) vs 77% (95% CI = 67%, 87%) for @entity11794 and 56% (95% CI = 43%, 69%) vs 67% (95% CI = 55%, 79%) for @entity2379 . After accounting for differences in APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II score, @entity1398 status, and geographic region, we found that @entity1 initiating the study therapy in an @entity1213 were still more likely to die than @entity1 initiating study therapy outside an @entity1213 . For @entity1213 @entity1 , all-cause mortality rates were 45% (95% CI = 30%, 60%) for @entity11794 recipients and 40% (95% CI = 28%, 53%) for @entity2379 recipients, whereas @entity7553 -attributable mortality rates were 5% (95% CI = 0%, 12%) for @entity11794 recipients and 11% (95% CI = 3%, 19%) for @entity2379 recipients. Overall, drug-related adverse events were reported less often among the @entity1213 @entity1 than among the non- @entity1213 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1213 @entity1 treated with antifungal therapy, @entity3 is associated with substantial mortality, but most deaths cannot be directly attributed to this infection.

title: XXXX treated in the @entity1213 : observations from a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['Candidemia']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Invasive candidiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated performance characteristics of @entity409 measurement (LSM) by FibroScan in @entity1 with different stages of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 307 subjects (120 @entity1561 , 85 @entity1561 related @entity82 , and 102 healthy controls) were studied. RESULTS: In @entity1561 @entity1 , LSM had significant correlation with @entity82 (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), and increased progressively with increasing @entity82 (p < 0.001). However, the difference between stage 1 and stage 2 @entity82 was not significant (p = 0.07). The LSM in @entity1561 without @entity82 and healthy controls was similar (p = 0.37). The areas under receiver-operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of LSM for stages >= 1, >= 2, >= 3, and 4 were 0.82, 0.85, 0.94, and 0.96, respectively. The best LSM (kPa) cut-offs for @entity82 stages >= 1, >= 2, >= 3 and 4 were 6.1, 7.0, 9.0, and 11.8, respectively. The negative predictive value of LSM for excluding advanced @entity82 was 95%. For advanced @entity82 , the AUROC curve of LSM was 0.94, followed by FIB-4 (0.75), BARD score (0.68), @entity1561 @entity82 score (0.66), and @entity492 platelet ratio index (0.60). In multivariate analysis, LSM was the only independent predictor of advanced @entity82 (odds ratio 1.47). In @entity1 with @entity1575 , LSM correlated significantly with @entity1 -Pugh score (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), serum @entity648 (r = 0.34, p = 0.02), and grades of esophageal varices (r = 0.23, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: LSM is a useful tool for evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1561 , and is the best among other non-invasive predictors of @entity1575 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 with different stages of @entity1561 : diagnostic performance and clinicopathological correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'NAFLD cirrhosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver stiffness measurements']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine which physiological variables conduce to walking intolerance in @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). DESIGN: The physiological response to a @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) in @entity1 with @entity3657 was characterised. SETTING: @entity1 were recruited from the Department of Vascular Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. SUBJECTS: Thirty-one @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3657 were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: During a @entity1062 , peak @entity26 consumption (VO(2peak)), peak minute ventilation (VE(peak)), peak heart rate and peak venous @entity880 concentrations were measured and compared with those from a comparison group. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured at rest and after exercise. During the @entity1062 , @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ) and @entity158 ( @entity158 ) were measured to determine walking tolerance. RESULTS: Peak venous @entity880 concentrations did not correlate significantly with either @entity158 (r = -0.08; p = 0.3) or @entity4464 (r = -0.03; p = 0.4). Resting ABI did not correlate with either @entity4464 (r = 0.09; p = 0.64) or @entity158 (r = -0.19; p = 0.29). Subjects terminated exercise at significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of cardiorespiratory effort and venous @entity880 concentrations than did a sedentary but otherwise healthy comparison group: peak heart rate 156 +/- 11 v. 114 +/- 22 beats per minute (BPM); p = 0.001; and peak venous @entity880 concentration 9.7 +/- 2.7 mmol/l v. 3.28 +/- 1.39 mmol/1; p = 0.001. CONCLUSION: Perceived discomfort in these @entity1 is not caused by elevated blood @entity880 concentrations, a low ABI or limiting cardiorespiratory effort but by other factors not measured in this study.

title: Factors predicting walking intolerance in @entity1 with XXXX and intermittent claudication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['GTT', 'graded treadmill exercise test']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['PFWD', 'pain-free walking distance']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['maximum walking distance', 'MWD']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: @entity460 @entity1790 (CaNL) accounts for more than 70% of all @entity1290 , and its prevalence has increased in the last decades. Under this definition are included @entity1 passing stones, composed of @entity460 oxalates and/or @entity460 phosphates. Current views of the pathogenesis of CaNL are based on the role of @entity209 which concur to render urines more conducive to crystallization. Therefore, the diagnostic approach is aimed at detecting these abnormalities, and the medical treatment assumes that a decrease in the risk of lithogenesis will result in remission or improvement of recurrences. The workup of the @entity1 with CaNL begins with the analysis of passed stones and X-ray, sonography or other imaging techniques. Eligible @entity1 , that is, both recurrent active stone formers and single-stone formers with individual risk factors, are considered for a metabolic evaluation, by which a number of blood and urine parameters are measured and others calculated. These include estimates of urine state of saturation with @entity460 and @entity414 salts, net gastrointestinal alkali absorption, renal threshold of @entity1391 and other @entity8 and net acid and total @entity1568 excretions. Basically, this screening is informative on renal function, @entity209 and their pathophysiology, risk of stone formation and dietary habits. During treatment it gives information about @entity1 compliance and adverse effects of therapy. The cost of a comprehensive screening in Piedmont is 192,000 ITL (100 @entity7634 ) and rises to 300,000 ITL (154 @entity7634 ) if hormones and @entity720 are measured. In individual @entity1 second- and third-level studies are performed, in order to detect systemic diseases which account for about 20% of CaNL in our series. Cost-to-benefit analysis has shown that the medical procedures for CaNL yield considerable saving in terms of difference between expenditure for drugs and testing and reduction of stone events. However, the current workup cannot be considered exhaustive, because misleading events may hamper the relation between laboratory findings and clinical outcome, and factors other than urine composition have appeared on the scenario of @entity1790 . These represent our challenge for the third millennium.

title: Idiopathic XXXX @entity1790 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal clearances']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Two hundred and thirty-five courses of treatment with @entity4082 and @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were administered for the induction of ovulation in 75 infertile @entity1 (three with primary @entity4999 , 45 with secondary @entity4999 and 27 with oligomenorrhoea) of whom 61 had previously been unsuccessfully treated with @entity4082 alone. The treatment was monitored by plasma @entity53 estimations on day 15 and day 22 in 103 cycles and by plasma @entity1420 estimations on day 22 in all 235 cycles. Injections of HCG were given on day 15 and 22. Twenty @entity1 failed to respond to treatment (43 courses). The remaining 55 @entity1 showed no response in 32 courses, deficient responses in 55 cycles and adequate responses in 105 cycles (plasma @entity1420 level exceeding 10 ng per ml on day 22). The mean values (+/- SD) of plasma @entity53 on day 15, reflecting follicular development, were: 73 +/- 30 pg per ml for cycles with no response; 255 +/- 182 for deficient cycles and 366 +/- 226 pg per ml for adequate cycles. There was a positive correlation (r = 0-57) between day 15 plasma @entity53 and day 22 plasma @entity1420 values. Increased @entity4082 dosage resulted in higher plasma @entity53 and @entity1420 levels. Thirty-nine pregnancies occurred in 34 out of 55 @entity1 capable of response (62 per cent). The plasma @entity1420 levels during conception cycles were higher than those in non-conception cycles in the same @entity1 . Monitoring of induction of ovulation by plasma hormone estimations allows detection and correction of inadequate response.

title: Plasma XXXX and @entity1420 estimation for the monitoring of induction of ovulation with @entity4082 and chorionic gonadotrophin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) to the emergency department, early identification of those that are at high risk for subsequent @entity296 or adverse outcomes would allow earlier or more aggressive treatment. We determined if a panel of biomarkers can be used to identify high risk @entity1 . METHODS: A cohort (84 females/132 males) from our 1996 @entity1187 study population that had EDTA specimens stored (-70 degrees C) was selected and the earliest available specimen was analyzed for 11 biomarkers ( @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity2842 , @entity7 , @entity1196 , @entity8729 , @entity4105 , @entity2071 , @entity4725 , NT-proBNP, @entity10020 ). These data were linked to the existing @entity6949 and health outcome databases for this population. ROC curve analysis for @entity296 (i.e., peak @entity6949 >0.04 microg/l) identified 3 candidate biomarkers. These 3 biomarkers were applied together to generate a panel test (2 of the 3 biomarkers increased for a positive result) and assessed for its ability to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity296 and the combined endpoint of @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ). RESULTS: The panel test ( @entity650 , NT-proBNP, @entity4105 ) alone detected 60% (95% CI: 49-69; false positive rate: 26%) of subjects that would be classified with @entity296 . Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional analyses indicated that @entity1 positive by the biomarker panel (including those with @entity6949 < or =0.04 microg/l) had significantly worse outcomes ( @entity204 / @entity583 / @entity712 ) as compared to those negative by both @entity6949 and the panel test. CONCLUSION: A biomarker panel analyzed early after @entity158 onset can identify individuals at risk for both @entity296 and the combined endpoint of @entity204 / @entity583 / @entity712 . Additional prospective studies are required to assess this panel for both early @entity583 and to further refine which health outcomes ( @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity712 ) are associated with positive panel results.

title: "Upstream markers" provide for early identification of XXXX at high risk for @entity296 and adverse outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'MI detection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Insufficient sleep is associated with poor health and increased mortality. Studies on whether parenthood (including consideration of number and ages of @entity1 ) is associated with sleep duration or sleep problems are scant and inconclusive. Using data collected in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (n = 4,809) between 1989 and 2008, we examined cross-sectional associations of number and ages of @entity1 with self-reported parental sleep duration, @entity25 , and dozing among employed adults. Longitudinal change in sleep duration over 19 years was examined to evaluate changes in parental sleep associated with @entity1 transitioning into adulthood (n = 833). Each @entity1 under age 2 years was associated with 13 fewer minutes of parental sleep per day (95% confidence interval (CI): 5, 21); each @entity1 aged 2-5 years was associated with 9 fewer minutes of sleep (95% CI: 5, 13); and each @entity1 aged 6-18 years was associated with 4 fewer minutes (95% CI: 2, 6). Adult @entity1 were not associated with @entity25 . Parents of @entity1 over age 2 years were significantly more likely to experience @entity25 and dozing during daytime activities. Parents of minor @entity1 at baseline had significantly greater increases in sleep duration over 19 years of follow-up. Parenting minor @entity1 is associated with @entity25 . As @entity1 age into adulthood, the sleep duration of parents with more @entity1 approaches that of parents with fewer @entity1 .

title: The sleep-time cost of parenting: sleep duration and XXXX among employed parents in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['shorter parental sleep duration', 'daytime sleepiness', 'shorter sleep duration']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleepiness']


abstract: 1. The muscarinic receptor antagonists @entity9563 and @entity4140 were iontophoretically applied to @entity35 cerebral cortical cholinoceptive neurones, including corticospinal neurones, to assess their effects on spontaneous @entity8327 , and @entity8327 induced by: stimulation of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM); contralateral hindpaw stimulation; application of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ); and application of @entity2227 . 2. Both compounds potently inhibited @entity8327 induced by @entity1617 iontophoresis, whilst neither compound consistently altered @entity8327 induced by application of @entity2227 . 3. @entity9563 was very effective and @entity4140 less effective, at inhibiting both spontaneous @entity8327 and the delayed @entity8327 induced by NBM stimulation. The short-latency excitations elicited by NBM stimulation were enhanced by these muscarinic antagonists. 4. @entity9563 and @entity4140 enhanced cortical cholinoceptive cell @entity8327 induced by contralateral hindpaw stimulation. 5. It is concluded that @entity9563 depresses spontaneous activity more than @entity4140 , and that both compounds can affect the cortical cell @entity8327 evoked by stimulation of the NBM and of thalamo-cortical afferent fibres.

title: Effects of the muscarinic antagonists @entity4140 and @entity9563 on spontaneous and evoked responses of XXXX cerebral cortical neurones.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallamine', 'gallamine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Early environment exerts profound effects on @entity1 behavioral and neural development. The aim of this study was to describe changes in adult neurochemistry in the @entity35 following @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) during the preweaning period, a procedure known to induce enduring behavioral effects. Following @entity7310 , @entity35 show an attenuated locomotor response to novelty, to @entity2254 , and attenuated behavioral responses for conditioned incentives as adults. These behavioral effects are broadly opposite in direction to those found following postweaning isolation rearing. Isolation rearing-induced behavioral changes are associated with profound changes in central monoamine function. Following @entity7310 , adult @entity35 had increased tissue levels of @entity935 in both dorsal and ventral striatum. The turnover of @entity935 , as determined by the ratio of @entity4925 to @entity935 , was decreased in the mPFC of @entity7310 subjects. @entity750 levels were reduced in dorsal hippocampus of @entity7310 @entity35 of both sexes and in the mPFC of male @entity7310 @entity35 . @entity1063 levels were increased in the dorsal hippocampus in female, but not in male, @entity7310 @entity35 . These data provide evidence that, in addition to the adult behavioral consequences, @entity7310 leads to profound, region-, and gender-specific changes in brain @entity1154 content. The developmental specificity of these results is discussed with respect to their possible role in altered behavioral development and psychopathology.

title: Periodic maternal separation of neonatal XXXX produces region- and gender-specific effects on biogenic amine content in postmortem adult brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['D-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'repeated neonatal maternal separation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Crataegus extract is used in cardiology for the treatment of mild to moderate @entity712 (NYHA II) in Germany. However, little is known about the electrophysiological actions of Crataegus extract in the heart. Recently, it was shown that Crataegus extract prolongs the refractory period in isolated perfused hearts and increases action potential duration in @entity840 papillary muscle. It was the aim of this study to find out the mechanism of the increase in action potential duration caused by Crataegus extract. Using the patch-clamp technique, we measured the effects of Crataegus extract (10 mg/l; @entity3096 content: 2.25%, total @entity30390 content: 11.3 +/- 0.4%) on the inward rectifier and the delayed rectifier @entity972 current in isolated @entity840 ventricular myocytes. To get some insight into the mechanism underlying the positive inotropic effect of Crataegus extract, we also looked for effects on the L-type @entity460 current. Crataegus extract slightly blocked both the delayed and the inward rectifier @entity972 current. The inhibition amounted to 25% and about 15%, respectively. This amount of inhibition of these repolarising currents is sufficient to explain the prolongation of action potential duration caused by Crataegus extract. To our surprise we could not detect any influence of Crataegus extract on the L-type @entity460 current. In summary, our results show that Crataegus extract blocks repolarising @entity972 currents in ventricular myocytes. This effect is similar to the action of class III antiarrhythmic drugs and might be the basis of the antiarrhythmic effects described for Crataegus extract. Our measurements of the L-type @entity460 current indicate that Crataegus extract's positive inotropic effect is not caused by phosphodiesterase inhibition or a beta-sympathomimetic effect.

title: Crataegus extract blocks XXXX currents in @entity840 ventricular cardiac myocytes.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity30390 :: ('MESH:C017674', 'Chemical') :: ['procyanidin']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: We have observed that intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of selective @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-type glutamatergic receptor antagonists inhibits @entity1515 in ovariectomized (OVX), @entity172 -primed @entity35 receiving @entity1420 or @entity7438 (LHRH). When @entity143 was injected into OVX @entity172 -primed @entity35 , it induced a significant increase in @entity1515 . The interaction between LHRH and @entity2227 was previously explored by us and another groups. The noradrenergic systems have a functional role in the regulation of LHRH release. The purpose of the present study was to explore the interaction between glutamatergic and noradrenergic transmission. The action of @entity3159 , an alpha1- and alpha2b-noradrenergic antagonist, was studied here by injecting it icv (1.75 and 3.5 microg/6 microL) prior to @entity143 administration (1 microg/2 microL) in OVX @entity172 -primed @entity35 (240-270 @entity35 manually restrained were injected over a period of 2 min, and tested 1.5 h later. The enhancing effect induced by @entity143 on the @entity1515 /mount ratio at high doses (67.06 +/- 3.28, N = 28) when compared to saline controls (6 and 2 microL, 16.59 +/- 3.20, N = 27) was abolished by @entity3159 administration (17.04 +/- 5.52, N = 17, and 9.33 +/- 3.21, N = 20, P < 0.001 for both doses). Plasma LH levels decreased significantly only with the higher dose of @entity3159 (1.99 +/- 0.24 ng/mL, N = 18, compared to saline- @entity143 effect, 5.96 +/- 2.01 ng/mL, N = 13, P < 0.05). Behavioral effects seem to be more sensitive to the alpha-blockade than hormonal effects. These findings strongly suggest that the facilitatory effects of @entity143 on both @entity1515 and LH secretion in this model are mediated by alpha-noradrenergic transmission.

title: @entity3159 blocks the glutamatergic effects of XXXX on @entity1515 behavior and luteinizing hormone secretion in the @entity172 -primed female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'g). Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity7438 :: ('25194(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess diagnosis value of @entity5 markers for differential diagnosis between @entity2615 and other @entity5 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Prospective study of 85 @entity1 attending our hospital with @entity3483 . The diagnostic approach involved routine pleurocentesis followed by @entity456 . When precise diagnosis was not achieved, thoracoscopy with pleural biopsies was performed. @entity787 ( @entity787 ), hyaluronic acid, tissue polypeptide antigen and cyfra 21 to 1 were measured in serum and pleural fluid. RESULTS: By using receiver operating characteristics curves and area under curves, the best diagnostic characteristics were obtained with pleural and serum @entity787 concentrations. The area under the curve was larger for pleural @entity1289 than for serum @entity1289 . The sensitivity and specificity of a pleural @entity787 level exceeding 3 ng/mL for ruling out the diagnosis of @entity2615 were 100% and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSION: A @entity787 level above 3 ng/mL in pleural fluid eliminated the diagnosis of @entity2615 , whereas the other markers were not sufficiently discriminant. However, despite a negative predictive value of 100% at a cutoff of 3 ng/mL, @entity787 assay in pleural fluid only avoids a small number of diagnostic thoracoscopies.

title: Use of @entity5 markers for differential diagnosis of @entity2615 and secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pleural tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['Carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural needle']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pleural malignancies']


abstract: Genetically encoded @entity141 indicators (GECI) are important for the measurement of @entity141 in vivo. GCaMP2, a widely-used GECI, has recently been iteratively improved. Among the improved variants, GCaMP3 exhibits significantly better fluorescent intensity. In this study, we developed a new GECI called GCaMPJ and determined the crystal structures of GCaMP3 and GCaMPJ. GCaMPJ has a 1.5-fold increase in fluorescence and 1.3-fold increase in @entity460 affinity over GCaMP3. Upon @entity141 binding, GCaMP3 exhibits both monomeric and dimeric forms. The structural superposition of these two forms reveals the role of @entity534 -376 in improving monomer performance. However, GCaMPJ seldom forms dimers under conditions similar to GCaMP3. St ructural and mutagenesis studies on Tyr-380 confirmed its importance in blocking the cpEGFP b-barrel holes. Our study proposes an efficient tool for mapping @entity141 signals in intact organs to facilitate the further improvement of GCaMP sensors.

title: Structural insight into enhanced XXXX indicator GCaMP3 and GCaMPJ to promote further improvement.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Significant changes in hepatic haemodynamics occur after major hepatectomy, but the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is unclear. This study investigates the serum profile of @entity3009 and @entity842 in the hepatic and systemic circulation before and after hepatectomy and the temporal relationship of these to changes in the hepatic blood flow. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from the internal jugular, portal and hepatic veins of six Yorkshire @entity1707 (17-25 kg) before, immediately after and 48 h after partial hepatectomy. RESULTS: Serum levels of prostacyclin I2 (PGI2) and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) from the systemic circulation, the portal circulation and from the hepatic veins were found to differ considerably even before hepatectomy. After the hepatectomy was performed, there was a significant rise in PGI2 levels in the systemic circulation (P=0.027). Hepatic blood flow and cardiac output were measured before hepatectomy, 24 and 48 h after hepatectomy in another six @entity1707 . A significant increase in hepatic blood flow (P=0.029) occurred after the hepatectomy and this was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the cardiac output (P=0.042). The increase in PGI2 concentration in the systemic circulation after hepatectomy appears to accompany the development of @entity99 . No significant change was found in circulating @entity1421 levels in the systemic, portal and hepatic veins at the three collection intervals (i.e. pre, post and 48 h after hepatectomy). The @entity1421 levels in the hepatic vein, however, were significantly higher from than in the portal vein (P=0.028). No significant changes were observed in the level of @entity842 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates an increase in the total hepatic blood flow after hepatectomy together with a threefold increase in prostacyclin in the systemic circulation. The liver was identified as the main source of circulatory @entity3009 .

title: Changes in XXXX and @entity842 levels in the hyperdynamic circulation following liver resection.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdynamic hepatic and systemic circulations']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: A 72 year-old @entity1 underwent a Bentall procedure for @entity337 secondary to annulo-aortic @entity4122 and ascending aortic @entity439 . On the 11th postoperative day, the C-reactive protein (CRP) level and white blood cell (WBC) count rose. Echocardiography and a computed tomographic scan showed the appearance of @entity2294 . A diagnosis of @entity1764 and composite graft @entity281 was made, and mediastinal drainage and irrigation were performed. @entity3256 -resistant coagulase negative @entity794 (MRCNS) was identified as the causative organism. @entity2176 , @entity10999 and @entity1214 were used intravenously. Additionally, a continuous mediastinal irrigation was performed through the chest tubes. CRP level and WBC count were gradually reduced to normal range. He has now been free from signs of @entity281 for more than 3 years. Because MRCNS is considered less virulent than @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 , @entity1764 and composite graft @entity281 due to MRCNS might be treatable by such conservative therapy even in @entity1 with prosthetic implants. Since MRCNS often becomes ubiquitous, preventing @entity281 by strict attention to asepsis is important.

title: A case successfully treated by conservative management for @entity1764 and infected composite graft due to @entity3256 -resistant coagulase negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin', 'methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity10999 :: ('MESH:C031986', 'Chemical') :: ['arbekacin']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['staphylococcus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is clinically-useful for imaging the ischemic area-at-risk and amount of salvageable myocardium in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However, to date, quantification of @entity4 is user-defined and potentially subjective. METHODS: We describe a highly automatic framework for quantifying @entity296 from bright blood T2-weighted CMR in @entity1 with @entity583 . Our approach retains user input (i.e. clinical judgment) to confirm the presence of @entity4 on an image which is then subjected to an automatic analysis. The new method was tested on 25 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 who had a CMR within 48 hours of hospital admission. Left ventricular wall boundaries were delineated automatically by variational level set methods followed by automatic detection of @entity296 by fitting a Rayleigh-Gaussian mixture statistical model. These data were compared with results from manual segmentation of the left ventricular wall and @entity4 , the current standard approach. RESULTS: The mean perpendicular distances between automatically detected left ventricular boundaries and corresponding manual delineated boundaries were in the range of 1-2 mm. Dice similarity coefficients for agreement (0=no agreement, 1=perfect agreement) between manual delineation and automatic segmentation of the left ventricular wall boundaries and @entity4 regions were 0.86 and 0.74, respectively. CONCLUSION: Compared to standard manual approaches, the new highly automatic method for estimating @entity296 is accurate and straightforward. It has potential as a generic software tool for physicians to use in clinical practice.

title: Highly automatic quantification of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity583 using bright blood T2-weighted CMR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'MI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial oedema']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial oedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progressive @entity813 ( @entity813 ) and loss of @entity2690 independence (II) have been invariably observed in islet transplant recipients under the "Edmonton protocol." To reestablish II, we performed supplemental islet infusions (SI) in recipients of allogeneic islet transplant alone, displaying @entity813 . To improve the engraftment and long-term graft function of SI, exenatide (EXN) and etanercept treatment at islet infusion, and long-term EXN treatment were tested in a non-randomized pilot clinical trial. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity813 received SI under Edmonton-like immunosuppression with daclizumab induction, either without interventions (SI-control; n=5) or with EXN and etanercept treatment (SI-EXN; n=4). Clinical and metabolic profiles were assessed during 18-month follow-up. RESULTS: Long-term II (18 months) was observed in 100% of SI-EXN and in 20% of SI-control (P=0.04). SI-EXN subjects demonstrated restoration of function better than that seen after initial islet infusions. Comparison of SI-EXN and SI-control groups demonstrated better responses in SI-EXN subjects at 3 months post-SI. During the 18 months of follow-up, function was sustained in the SI-EXN subjects better than in SI-controls. Acute effects of EXN during mixed meal tolerance test and intravenous @entity413 tolerance test results in improved first and second phase @entity2690 release in response to intravenous @entity413 tolerance test and suppressed postprandial hyperglucagonemia after mixed meal tolerance test. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the combination of EXN and etanercept improve engraftment and long-term islet survival and function in subjects undergoing SI. This data, however, must be interpreted with some caution because of small sample size, lack of randomization, and sequential comparison with historical controls.

title: Long-term @entity2690 independence and improvement in XXXX secretion after supplemental islet infusion under exenatide and etanercept.

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['GDF', 'graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advanced age is an indication for anticoagulation in @entity1 with @entity955 though it is not clear that elderly @entity1 have a higher prevalence of left @entity715 . The purpose of this study was to clarify whether advanced age represents a risk for left @entity715 formation irrespective of other clinical variables. DESIGN: Observational study in @entity1 with @entity955 undergoing a transoesophageal echo scan for various clinical indications. SETTING: University-affiliated cardiology service in a general hospital. @entity1 : Results are reported in 381 @entity1 , 257 aged less than 75 years (Gr. A) and 124 aged 75 years or more (Gr. B). RESULTS: Thrombi were detected by TOE in 30 @entity1 (7.9%), 21 from group A and nine from group B (8.1% vs 7.2%, p = NS). No thrombi were detected in @entity1 with lone @entity955 . Among @entity1 with either valvular or nonvalvular @entity955 , left @entity715 was not related to age or anticoagulation status. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity955 , age itself does not predict the presence of left @entity715 and the only identifiable risk factor seems to be the existing cardiac pathology.

title: Age alone is not a risk factor for left XXXX in @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial thrombus', 'atrial thrombus presence']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['atrial thrombus']


abstract: @entity14 is the most common @entity5 in elderly with peak of incidence in 7. and 8. decade of life. Elderly @entity1 with @entity14 more often require surgery. Advanced age of @entity1 seems to increase the risk of @entity260 . The aim of the study was to compare the frequency of early complications in two groups of @entity1 : under 75 and over 75, undergoing elective @entity14 surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 440 consecutive adult @entity1 subjected to @entity14 surgery between 08.2006 to 10.2011 in Oncological Surgery Department, Gdynia Centre of Oncology. Group A (over 75 year-of-life): 109 @entity1 , median 79 and group B (up to 75 year-of-life): 331 @entity1 , median 65. @entity1 requiring emergency surgery were excluded from the study. Postoperative 30-day mortality, @entity834 , @entity2737 , @entity1744 , postoperative respiratory and circulatory insufficiency were among analyzed complications. RESULTS: Symptomatic disease was observed in 81.6% of group A and in 83% of group B. Groups A and B were comparable concerning: BMI, gender, @entity5 staging, rate of curative and palliative resections, and duration of hospital stay. @entity66 were more common in group A (83% vs 65%; p<0.0002). Early complications occurred in 21.1% of @entity1 from group A and in 19.9% from group B. The rate of reoperation in early perioperative period didn't differ (6.4% vs 5.7%). Features like: age, gender, additional illnesses, @entity5 location and staging did not influence the occurrence of perioperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Age itself is not a risk factor for @entity260 in spite of higher rate of accompanying diseases in elderly.

title: Is age a risk factor of XXXX in @entity14 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Accompanying diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We have shown that perinatal @entity3147 decreases beta-cell mass at birth and impairs the adaptation of the endocrine pancreas to a subsequent pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of this maternal inadaptation on the development of endocrine pancreas in foetuses. METHODS: Female @entity35 malnourished during their perinatal life and showing intra-uterine @entity851 at birth were mated at 8 months of age. The development of the endocrine pancreas was studied at embryonic days 14, 17 and 20 in their foetuses by immunohistochemistry and morphometrical measurements on pancreatic sections. RESULTS: At embryonic day 20, both alpha and beta-cell fractions were decreased in foetuses from IUGR dams. Beta-cell mass was reduced (197 +/- 27 microg, vs 281 +/- 40 microg in control, p < 0.01) and so were insulin content and islet number per cm(2), as in the first generation foetuses. At embryonic day 14, the number of cells expressing only insulin was decreased by half in foetuses from intra-uterine @entity851 dams. At embryonic day 17, 50 % of the homeodomain protein @entity25680 cell population expressed insulin but all the insulin cells expressed @entity25680 in both groups; in foetuses from intra-uterine @entity851 dams the number of epithelial cells expressing @entity25680 was decreased (415 +/- 40 cells/ mm(2) vs 481 +/- 28 cells/mm(2) in control foetuses, p < 0.05) and the mesenchymal fraction in the pancreas was increased by 36 % ( p < 0.05). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Early @entity3147 decreases beta-cell mass in the first generation of offspring and impairs the subsequent beta-cell adaptation to pregnancy. The beta-cell alteration is also present in the next generation and involves a decreased expansion of the epithelial population expressing @entity25680 .

title: Endocrine pancreas development is altered in foetuses from @entity35 previously showing intra-uterine @entity851 in response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: @entity20312 are the leading cause of @entity7446 , and epidemiological evidence suggests that occupational @entity2490 is a comorbid and preceding condition in @entity1 who develop @entity565 . The goal of the present studies was to develop and characterize a @entity19 model of @entity26678 ( @entity10345 )-induced @entity2490 . Female C57BL/6 @entity19 were exposed to workplace-relevant concentrations of @entity10345 vapor via inhalation for 4 h/day for 12 days with or without a 2-wk rest period and @entity10345 challenge. @entity19 exposed 12 consecutive weekdays to 50 parts per billion @entity10345 vapor showed elevated total serum IgE and increased @entity10345 -specific IgG titers. Breathing rates were decreased corresponding with increased inspiratory time. @entity10345 exposure elevated @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , and @entity60 mRNA expression in the nasal mucosa, suggesting a mixed @entity630 / @entity61 immune response. Expressions of mRNA for proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules were also up-regulated. These cytokine changes corresponded with a marked influx of inflammatory cells into the nasal mucosa, eosinophils being the predominant cell type. Removal from exposure for 2 wk resulted in reduced Ab production, cytokine mRNA expression, and cellular inflammation. Subsequent challenge with 50 parts per billion @entity10345 vapor resulted in robust up-regulation of Ab production, cytokine gene expression, as well as @entity32 in the nasal mucosa. There were no associated changes in the lung. The present model shows that @entity10345 inhalation induces immune-mediated @entity2023 , displaying the major features observed in @entity1 disease. Future studies will use this model to define disease mechanisms and examine the temporal/dose relationship between @entity10345 -induced @entity2490 and @entity565 .

title: Inhalation of @entity26678 vapor induces @entity2023 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity20312 :: ('CHEBI:53213', 'Chemical') :: ['Diisocyanates']

entities_list: @entity26678 :: ('MESH:D014051', 'Chemical') :: ['toluene diisocyanate']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In obstetrics, the care of @entity1 in labor or with emergencies takes place day and night. Birth-related injury is among the worst of obstetric outcomes. This study sought to examine the relationship between time of birth and @entity2241 resulting in @entity204 . STUDY DESIGN: The Birth-Related @entity16 Compensation Association (NICA) is a Florida organization that pays for the care of @entity1 >2500 g with birth-related brain or @entity1566 resulting in @entity73 . We conducted a case-control study using all deaths from the NICA database from 1989 to 2002. Data were collected on the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care of the mother and fetus/ @entity1 . Time of birth was identified for all cases and compared with a randomly selected control group of 1000 births in 1996 from Florida. RESULTS: Eighty deaths were identified in the NICA database of 447 total cases. Of the 80 cases, 36/80 (45%) were born from 11 pm to 8 am. Of the 999 controls (1 certificate sealed for adoption) 281 (28.1%) were born from 11 pm to 8 am. This yields an odds ratio of 2.09 (95% CI 1.29-3.40) for the association of nighttime birth with @entity2241 resulting in @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Fetuses sustaining injuries resulting in @entity204 were more than twice as likely as controls to have been born from 11 pm to 8 am. Further studies are needed to determine the factors that affect this association and what changes might need to be made to optimize care regardless of time of day or night.

title: The association between time of birth and @entity2241 resulting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['permanent impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic Injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal injury']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity582 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill @entity1 . Our objective was to assess whether daily bathing in @entity5164 ( @entity5165 ) compared with standard bathing practices would reduce @entity582 in critically ill @entity1 . METHODS: In an unmasked, cluster-randomised, two-period crossover trial, ten paediatric intensive-care units at five hospitals in the USA were randomly assigned a daily bathing routine for admitted @entity1 older than 2 months, either standard bathing practices or using a cloth impregnated with 2% @entity5165 , for a 6-month period. Units switched to the alternative bathing method for a second 6-month period. 6482 admissions were screened for eligibility. The primary outcome was an episode of @entity582 . We did intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT00549393). FINDINGS: 1521 admitted @entity1 were excluded because their length of stay was less than 2 days, and 14 refused to participate. 4947 admissions were eligible for analysis. In the ITT population, a non-significant reduction in incidence of @entity582 was noted with @entity5165 bathing (3  52 per 1000 days, 95% CI 2  64-4  61) compared with standard practices (4  93 per 1000 days, 3  91-6  15; adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 0  71, 95% CI 0  42-1  20). In the PP population, incidence of @entity582 was lower in @entity1 receiving @entity5165 bathing (3  28 per 1000 days, 2  27-4  58) compared with standard practices (4  93 per 1000 days, 3  91-6  15; aIRR 0  64, 0  42-0  98). No serious study-related adverse events were recorded, and the incidence of @entity5165 -associated skin reactions was 1  2 per 1000 days (95% CI 0  60-2  02). INTERPRETATION: @entity3124 @entity1 receiving daily @entity5165 bathing had a lower incidence of @entity582 compared with those receiving a standard bathing routine. Furthermore, the treatment was well tolerated. FUNDING: @entity12337 Products, US National Institutes of Health.

title: Daily chlorhexidine bathing to reduce XXXX in critically ill @entity1 : a multicentre, cluster-randomised, crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critically ill']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia', 'Bacteraemia']

answer: @entity582 :: (MESH:C531821,Disease) :: ['bacteraemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Endocannabinoids contribute to @entity854 of @entity82 . Whether this favors renal @entity1372 retention and @entity843 formation is unknown. We determined whether cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonism prevents @entity1372 retention and @entity843 formation in preascitic cirrhotic @entity35 . METHODS: Once renal @entity1372 handling was impaired, @entity35 with @entity4314 -induced @entity82 were randomized to receive either vehicle or @entity351 (3 [group 1] or 10 [group 2] mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for 2 weeks. Natriuresis, @entity1372 intake, and @entity1372 balance were measured daily. At the end of the protocol, systemic hemodynamics, renal blood flow, @entity843 volume, and liver @entity82 were assessed. RESULTS: A significant reduction in @entity843 formation (group 1: 54%; group 2: 10%; vehicle: 90%) and volume (group 1: 1.6 +/- 0.3 mL; group 2: 0.5 mL; vehicle: 5.5 +/- 0.8 mL) occurred in treated @entity35 . Rimonabant significantly improved @entity1372 balance during week 2 (group 1: 0.98 +/- 0.08 mmol; group 2: 0.7 +/- 0.08 mmol; vehicle: 3.05 +/- 0.11 mmol). Both treated groups showed lower cardiac output and higher mean arterial pressure, peripheral vascular resistance, and renal blood flow (P < .05). @entity1575 was reduced in group 2 by 30% (P < .05 vs vehicle). Mean arterial pressure inversely correlated with @entity1372 balance (R = -0.61; P = .003), but not with @entity82 score. CONCLUSIONS: Rimonabant improves @entity1372 balance and delays decompensation in preascitic @entity82 . This is achieved though an improvement in systemic and renal hemodynamics, although it cannot be excluded that the antifibrotic effect of the drug may play a role.

title: Cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonism delays @entity843 formation in @entity35 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity351 :: ('MESH:C089032', 'Chemical') :: ['rimonabant']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors describe an evaluation approach to assess research training that is easy to implement, takes into account individual experience and diversity in research disciplines, and can be adapted to measure various outcomes, depending upon program goals. METHOD: Using publications as the outcome measure, the authors analyzed data from 66 trainees in the National @entity5 Institute's @entity5 Prevention Fellowship Program ( @entity56503 ) to illustrate this evaluation strategy. For postdoctoral fellows entering the @entity56503 between 1987 and 1997, the authors considered the three-year period prior to entry in the @entity56503 (pre- @entity56503 ), the period during training, and the three-year period after completion of the @entity56503 (post- @entity56503 ). Summary measures for individuals' publications during each of the three time periods were calculated, and the probability of change in total, peer-reviewed, and first-authored publications post- @entity56503 compared to pre- @entity56503 was assessed. RESULTS: Compared to pre- @entity56503 , the @entity56503 fellows published significantly more total, peer-reviewed, and first-authored publications post- @entity56503 . Post- @entity56503 younger individuals published more than older fellows. MDs had a greater increase in publications over time than did PhDs, but both groups had similar overall numbers of publications post- @entity56503 . Individuals pursuing a master of public health degree during training published more post- @entity56503 than did those who did not pursue this training in the program. CONCLUSIONS: Training programs facing the challenge of evaluating research outcomes will require new evaluation methods that take into account program goals. This easily adaptable, longitudinal evaluation strategy allows for diversity in research disciplines and research experience and can inform programmatic needs and individual progress.

title: Evaluating research training outcomes: experience from the XXXX prevention fellowship program at the National @entity5 Institute.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Background--Currently, the reporting and archiving of echocardiographic data suffer from the difficulty of representing heart motion on printable 2-dimensional (2D) media. Methods and Results--We studied the capability of holography to integrate motion into 2D echocardiographic prints. Images of normal @entity1 hearts and of a variety of mitral @entity340 ( @entity3454 , systolic anterior motion of the mitral leaflets, and obstruction of the mitral valve by a @entity3291 ) were acquired digitally on standard echocardiographic machines. Images were processed into a data format suitable for holographic printing. Angularly multiplexed holograms were then printed on a prototype holographic "laser" printer, with integration of time in @entity346 , so that heart motion became visible when the hologram was tilted up and down. The resulting holograms displayed the anatomy with the same resolution as the original acquisition and allowed detailed study of valve motion with side-by-side comparison of normal and abnormal findings. Comparison of standard echocardiographic measurements in original echo frames and corresponding hologram views showed an excellent correlation of both methods (P<0.0001, r2=0.979, mean bias=2.76 mm). In this feasibility study, both 2D and 3D holographic images were produced. The equipment needed to view these holograms consists of only a simple point-light source. Conclusions--Holographic representation of myocardial and valve motion from echocardiographic data is feasible and allows the printing on a 2D medium of the complete heart cycle. Combined with the recent development of online holographic printing, this novel technique has the potential to improve reporting, visualization, and archiving of echocardiographic imaging.

title: Dynamic holographic imaging of the beating XXXX heart

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve function abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['vertical parallax']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic information provided by flow cytometric DNA analysis in @entity1149 . Lung samples of 132 consecutive @entity1 submitted to surgery were prospectively processed. When no aneuploid populations were detected in fresh frozen samples, the process continued as a second step in @entity982 -embedded tissue, consuming all the @entity5 available. The influence of ploidy on the postoperative outcome was studied by both a univariate and a multivariate analysis. @entity2007 was found in 81 @entity1 (61.4%). Fourteen @entity1 showed no aneuploidy in fresh frozen samples; and only after further analysis in @entity982 -embedded tissue was abnormal DNA detected. Overall, the 36-month survival was 69% for the diploid group and 24% for the aneuploid group (p = 0.0006). Including subjects @entity5 removal (stages I, II, and IIIA) in a multivariate analysis adjusted for @entity2802 stage and histologic type, bearers of @entity5 exhibited a higher risk of relapse (hazard ratio 2.65; CI 95% 1.5-4.66;p = 0.004) or @entity204 (hazard ratio 2.17; CI 95% 1.08-4.39;p = 0.032) than @entity1 with @entity5 . DNA ploidy resulted an independent prognostic factor of survival and @entity5 relapse in completely resected @entity1149 . Sequential analysis of fresh and @entity982 -embedded samples can help avoid the bias due to intratumoral DNA content heterogeneity. DNA ploidy could be an useful parameter in any future multifactorial analysis of outcome in such @entity5 .

title: Prognostic value of flow cytometric DNA analysis in XXXX : rationale of sequential processing of frozen and @entity982 -embedded tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['Aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'submitted to complete tumor', 'diploid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']