abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is an age-related disease, which affects approximately 40% of the population at an age above 90 years. The heritability is estimated to be greater than 60% and there are rare autosomal dominant forms indicating a significant genetic influence on the disease process. Despite the successes in the early 1990s when four genes were identified, which directly cause the disease (APP, @entity3666 and @entity3667 ) or greatly increase the risk of disease development ( @entity2204 ), it has proved exceedingly difficult to identify additional genes involved in the pathogenesis. However, several linkage and association studies have repeatedly supported the presence of susceptibility genes on chromosomes (chrms) 9, 10 and 12. The study populations have, however, mostly been of great genetic heterogeneity, and this may have contributed to the meagre successes in identifying the disease associated genetic variants. In this study, we have performed a genome wide linkage study on 71 @entity195 families from the relatively genetically homogeneous Swedish population where it is also possible to study the genetic ancestry in public databases. We have performed nonparametric linkage analyses in the total family material as well as stratified the families with respect to the presence or absence of @entity2204 varepsilon4. Our results suggest that the families included in this study are tightly linked to the @entity2204 region, but do not show evidence of linkage to the previously reported linkages on chrms 9, 10 and 12. Instead, we observed the next highest LOD score on chromosome 5q35 in the total material. Further, the data suggest that the major fraction of families linked to this region is @entity2204 varepsilon4 positive.

title: Genome scan on Swedish XXXX families.

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: 1. Spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons in the C3-T6 spinal segments were studied for their responses to stimulation of phrenic and cardiopulmonary spinal afferent fibers. A total of 142 STT neurons were studied in 44 anesthetized, paralyzed monkeys ( @entity5434 ). All neurons were antidromically activated from the ventroposterolateral nucleus and/or medial thalamus. 2. Electrical stimulation of phrenic afferent fibers (PHR) excited 43/58 (74%), inhibited 2/58 (3%), and did not affect 13/58 (13%) of cervical STT neurons. Neurons with excitatory somatic fields confined to the proximal limb or encompassing the whole limb were excited to a significantly greater extent by electrical stimulation of PHR than were neurons with somatic fields confined to the distal limb. Mechanical stimulation of PHR by probing the exposed diaphragm excited 11/22 (50%), inhibited 3/22 (14%), and did not affect 8/22 (36%) cervical STT neurons. 3. The technique of minimum afferent conduction velocity (MACV) was used to obtain information about the identity of the PHR that excited 35 cervical STT neurons. Evidence was obtained for excitation of these neurons by group II and III PHR. The mean +/- SE MACV for all neurons was 14 +/- 2 m/s. 4. Electrical stimulation of cardiopulmonary spinal afferent fibers excited 41/57 (72%), inhibited 8/57 (14%), and did not affect 8/57 (14%) of cervical STT neurons. Neurons with excitatory somatic fields confined to the proximal limb or encompassing the whole limb were excited to a significantly greater extent by electrical stimulation of cardiopulmonary spinal afferents than were neurons with somatic fields confined to the distal limb. 5. Excitatory convergence of PHR and cardiopulmonary spinal afferent input was observed for 36/57 (63%) cervical STT neurons. 6. Electrical stimulation of PHR excited 36/84 (43%), inhibited 25/84 (30%), and did not affect 23/84 (27%) of thoracic STT neurons. All of these neurons received excitatory cardiopulmonary spinal afferent input. 7. Neurons were more likely to be excited by electrical stimulation of PHR if they were located in C3-C6 spinal segments. Furthermore, the net excitatory effect of PHR input decreased in more caudal segments, such that thoracic STT neurons were weakly excited relative to cervical STT neurons. 8. We conclude that cervical STT neurons with excitatory somatic fields that include or are restricted to proximal sites are excited by electrical or mechanical stimulation of PHR. Those effects demonstrate a physiological substrate for @entity158 referred from the diaphragm to the shoulder in @entity1 with @entity1143 or @entity3117 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Convergence of phrenic and cardiopulmonary spinal afferent information on cervical and thoracic spinothalamic tract neurons in the monkey: implications for referred XXXX from the diaphragm and heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity3117 :: ('MESH:D013369', 'Disease') :: ['subphrenic abscesses']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: In this case-control study we assessed the clinical impact of persistent @entity34793 in a Norwegian general population. @entity34793 was defined according to the NORIP- references ( @entity1 35-210 U/L, @entity1 <50 years 50-400 U/L, and @entity1 >= 50 years 40-280 U/L). We compared the frequency of muscular symptoms and function, @entity4094 and risk factors between 120 cases with persistent @entity34793 and 130 age- and sex-matched controls with normal CK values, all recruited from the single-centre, population-based prospective Troms   Study. The @entity1 underwent a standardized interview assessing muscle symptoms, physical activity, use of statins and presence of other CK risk factors, prior to clinical neurological and neurophysiological examination. Knee extensor muscle strength (Cybex NORM dynamometer) and dominant hand grip strength (Martin Vigorimeter) was assessed. A total of 85 cases (71%) reported either @entity925 , @entity121 or cramps, compared to 70 controls (54%) (p=0.017) There were no differences in muscle strength between the groups. In @entity1 , weight, Body Mass Index and muscle symptoms were significantly higher in the group with persistent @entity34793 . In @entity1 , no differences between the groups were detected. Use of statins was similar in cases and controls. We diagnosed 3 @entity1 with previously unknown @entity121 , all in the group with persistent @entity34793 . This study support that CK may be used as a marker of muscular symptoms in the general population.

title: Clinical impact of persistent XXXX in a Norwegian general population: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity34793 :: ('OMIM:123320', 'Disease') :: ['HyperCKemia', 'hyperCKemia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle stiffness', 'myopathy']

answer: @entity34793 :: (OMIM:123320,Disease) :: ['hyperCKemia']


abstract: The primary objective of this study was to assess the safety of recombinant @entity1 (rh) platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and (rh) insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity442 ) when applied to periodontal @entity154 in @entity1 ; a secondary objective was to begin to accrue data on the therapeutic dose of these growth factors (GFs) required to stimulate periodontal regeneration. Thirty-eight @entity1 subjects possessing bilateral osseous periodontal lesions were assigned to one of two treatment groups in a split-mouth design. Following full-thickness flap reflection, test sites received local application of the therapeutic drug delivered in coded syringes by a "masked" investigator. Two dose levels were tested, 50 micrograms/ml each of rhPDGF-BB and rhIGF-I in a gel vehicle (LD-PDGF/ @entity442 ) and 150 micrograms/ml each of rhPDGF-BB and rhIGF-I plus vehicle ( @entity2033 -PDGF/ @entity442 ). Control treatment consisted of either conventional periodontal flap surgery or surgery plus vehicle. Safety analyses included physical examination, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, antibody titers, and radiographic evaluation of bony changes. The primary therapeutic assessment was bone fill measured at re-entry 6 to 9 months after treatment. No local or systemic safety issues were found as a result of GF administration. No patients developed antibodies to the rhGF proteins. In subjects treated with LD-PDGF/ @entity442 , there were no enhancements in periodontal regeneration compared to controls. However, in @entity1 treated with @entity2033 -PDGF/ @entity442 , statistically significant increases in alveolar bone formation were noted as measured by surgical re-entry 9 months following drug delivery (P < 0.05). This corresponded to an increase of 2.08 mm of new vertical bone height and 42.3% osseous defect fill in the @entity2033 -PDGF/ @entity442 subjects versus only 0.75 mm and 18.5% gains in new bone height and osseous fill, respectively, in the controls. Furcation lesions, although limited in number, responded most favorably to treatment, with 2.8 mm horizontal osseous fill. The results from this study suggest that the local application of rhPDGF-BB and rhIGF-I to periodontal lesions is safe at the dose levels studied. LD-PDGF/ @entity442 did not elicit increased defect fill compared to the control; however, @entity2033 -PDGF/ @entity442 resulted in a significant promotion in bone regeneration. Additional studies are warranted to more fully characterize the effects of PDGF/ @entity442 on periodontal regeneration in @entity1 .

title: A phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate a combination of recombinant @entity1 platelet-derived growth factor-BB and recombinant XXXX insulin-like growth factor-I in @entity1 with periodontal disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['osseous defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recent studies discovered the existence of aquaporins (AQP), suggesting their roles in the active, @entity855 dependent water secretion or absorption. Our recent development of the monoclonal antibody family against aquaporins (Type 1 and 4) allowed us a good opportunity to investigate the mechanism of the @entity4 in a @entity35 model. THE AIM OF OUR STUDY was to evaluate the changes in the tissue level of aquaporins ( @entity6095 and @entity6096 ) after @entity1068 and @entity2951 treatment in @entity35 stomach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the experiments were carried out on @entity35 weighing 150-200 g. The animals were fasted for 24 h, after the 1 ml of @entity1068 (50% v/v) or @entity2951 (2 mg/ml) was given intragastrically. @entity35 were sacrificed after 5, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min, the tissue level of @entity6095 and @entity6096 was investigated immunoserologically by ELISA and dot-blot methods using our monoclonal antibodies. The location of these aquaporins in the gastric tissue was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: (1) in @entity1068 -treated stomach, both @entity6095 and @entity6096 increased after 5 min simultaneously with @entity3621 , then decreased dramatically depending on time. (2) In the @entity2951 -treated group there were no changes in the tissue level of aquaporins in the first hour. After 60 min both @entity6095 and @entity6096 increased in the stomach without any macroscopically detectable changes, then decreased depending on time. (3) The immunohistochemical investigations using our monoclonal antibodies seem to support our present quantitative results. CONCLUSION: chemically induced @entity3137 are started by an extended @entity4 . In the induction of the @entity4 and the subsequent @entity1819 , aquaporins (both @entity6095 and @entity6096 ) play an important role in the maintenance of mucosal integrity.

title: Active water selective channels in the stomach: investigation of aquaporins after XXXX and @entity2951 treatment in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric injury']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, to examine the psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) in a Turkish sample. Second, to investigate metacognitive predictors of pathological @entity3119 (o-c) symptoms in this group. The sample included 561 non-clinical @entity1 . Consistent with non-English versions, the Turkish version of the PSWQ was found to have a two-factor structure. The MCQ-30 was shown to be composed of five factors similar to the English version. Reliability analyses indicated that both the PSWQ and MCQ-30 possessed high internal consistency, split-half reliability and test-retest coefficients. As expected, both scales positively correlated with measures of o-c symptoms, trait @entity148 , and @entity148 and @entity308 , as well as with each other. Negative and positive metacognitive beliefs about worry were significant predictors of both pathological worry and o-c symptoms. Cognitive confidence emerged as a specific predictor of worry, while beliefs about the need to control thoughts emerged as a unique predictor of o-c symptoms.

title: Psychometric characteristics of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 and metacognitive predictors of XXXX in a Turkish sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['worry and obsessive-compulsive']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['worry and obsessive-compulsive symptoms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Optic nerve (ON) @entity63 associated with @entity6810 ( @entity6810 ) results in @entity17 . Myelin damage activates the intraneural Ras homolog A ( @entity3547 ), contributing to axonal regeneration failure. We hypothesized that increasing extrinsic macrophage activity after ON @entity1188 would scavenge degenerate myelin and improve postischemic ON recovery. We used the cytokine @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) to upregulate ON macrophage activity, and evaluated @entity2841 's effects after ON @entity63 in the @entity6810 rodent model (rAION). METHODS: Following rAION induction, @entity2841 was administered via intraventricular injection. @entity2479 cell (RGC) stereologic analysis was performed 1 month postinduction. The retinae and optic nerve laminae of vehicle- and @entity2841 -treated animals were examined immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). @entity3547 activity was analyzed using a rhotekin affinity immunoanalysis and densitometry. Isolated ONs were analyzed functionally ex vivo by compound action potential (CAP) analysis. RESULTS: Rodent @entity6810 produces @entity17 and @entity17 , functionally demonstrable by CAP analysis and ultrastructurally by TEM. @entity2841 increased intraneural @entity32 , activating and recruiting endogenous microglia, with only a moderate amount of exogenous macrophage recruitment. Treatment with @entity2841 reduced postinfarct intraneural @entity3547 activity, but did not neuroprotect RGCs after rAION. CONCLUSIONS: Sudden ON @entity63 results in previously unrecognized @entity17 , which may have a clinically important role in @entity6810 -related functional defects and recovery. @entity2841 is not neuroprotective when administered directly to the optic nerve following ON @entity63 , and does not improve axonal regeneration. It dramatically increases ON-microglial activation and recruitment.

title: @entity32 and XXXX in a rodent model of @entity6810 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['axonal demyelination', 'ON postinfarct demyelination', 'axon and myelin damage', 'myelin damage']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['nonarteric anterior ischemic optic neuropathy', 'NAION']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['demyelination']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The principal aims of this study were to evaluate the extent to which @entity1 completed, understood, and were satisfied with the Health Background Questionnaire for @entity158 (HBQ-P), a health and @entity158 history questionnaire that includes a modification of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36, the Treatment Outcomes in @entity158 Survey, and to examine the degree to which the questionnaire produced reliable and valid responses. A secondary aim was to determine the length of time for a physician to complete the Clinician Evaluation Form for @entity158 (CEF-P), a brief questionnaire designed to obtain key elements resulting from clinical assessment and management decisions. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized data from consecutive new @entity1 seen from January to December 2001 in Drexel University College of Medicine's @entity158 Medicine and Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center at Graduate Hospital in Philadelphia, PA. The HBQ-P and an accompanying brief satisfaction inventory were completed at home by the @entity1 prior to the individual's initial office visit. The CEF-P was completed by the physician after seeing the @entity1 . RESULTS: Ten of 11 comparisons of @entity1 responses to similar questions on the HBQ-P showed significant consistency. Of eight comparisons between the CEF-P and HBQ-P, two @entity158 duration comparisons showed moderate agreement and one @entity308 comparison showed significant association. @entity1 consistently had difficulty in answering six single questions and two question sets. Overall @entity1 satisfaction was high. The mean time for the physician to complete the CEF-P was 90 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: Analyses indicate @entity1 responses to similar HBQ-P questions have sufficient reliability to support the use of the Health Background Questionnaire for clinically related data collection and for outcome evaluation of treatments for chronic and recurring @entity158 . The consistently missed questions on the HBQ-P should be revised.

title: Preliminary evaluation of the Health Background Questionnaire for @entity158 and clinical encounter form for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endoscopically unresectable apparently benign colorectal polyps are considered by some surgeons as ideal for their early laparoscopic colectomy experience. Our hypotheses were: (1) a substantial fraction of @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic colectomy for apparently @entity14 will have @entity420 on final pathology; and (2) in our practice, we perform an adequate laparoscopic oncological resection for apparently benign polyps as evidenced by margin status and nodal retrieval. METHODS: Data from a consecutive series of @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic colectomy (on an intention-to-treat basis) for endoscopically unresectable @entity5 with benign preoperative histology were retrieved from a prospective database and supplemented by chart review. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 63 @entity1 (mean age 67, mean body mass index 29). Two out of 63 cases (3%) were converted to laparotomy because of extensive adhesions (n = 1) and equipment failure (n = 1). Colectomy type: right/transverse (n = 49, 78%); left/anterior resection (n = 10, 16%); subtotal (n = 4, 6%). Invasive @entity420 was found on histological analysis of the colectomy specimen in 14 out of 63 cases (22%), standard error of the proportion 0.052. Staging of the 14 @entity5 were I (n = 6, 43%), II (n = 3, 21%), III ( = 4, 29%), and IV (n = 1, 7%). The median nodal harvest was 12 and all resection margins were free of @entity5 . Neither @entity1141 on endoscopic biopsy nor lesion diameter was predictive of @entity420 . Eight out of 23 (35%) @entity1 with @entity1141 on endoscopic biopsy had @entity420 on final pathology versus 6/40 (15%) with no @entity1141 (p = 0.114, Fisher's exact test). Mean @entity5 was 3.2 cm (range 0.5-10.0cm) versus 3.9cm (range 1.5-7.5cm) for @entity420 (p = 0.189, t - test). CONCLUSION: A substantial fraction of endoscopically unresectable @entity14 with benign histology on initial biopsy will harbor invasive @entity420 , some of advanced stage. This finding supports the practice of performing oncological resection for all @entity1 with endoscopically unresectable @entity5 of the colorectum. The inexperienced laparoscopic colectomist should approach these cases with caution.

title: Laparoscopic colectomy for apparently XXXX : A word of caution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplasms', 'diameter of benign tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms', 'benign colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['benign colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is controversially discussed in the management of benign disorders for fear of late sequelae such as @entity5 induction. This study was initiated to investigate long-term @entity137 , treatment outcome and prognostic factors after radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with @entity977 . METHODS: 92 @entity1 with @entity977 were included in this analysis. RT was conducted using either 3D conformal (16%) or fractionated stereotactic techniques (83%) in a postoperative adjuvant setting (16%), as second-line treatment for recurring @entity5 (78%) or as primary treatment (6%). Postoperatively, RT was offered to @entity1 with @entity41 tissue or in case of locally extensive @entity652 , in whom early recurrence was deemed likely. @entity1 were followed for a median time of 152.5 months, and analysed for overall and local progression-free survival ( @entity3012 and LPFS). Multiple factors were analysed for prognostic impact. @entity1 were contacted with an institutional questionnaire about qualiy of life (QOL). Statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test and the Kaplan-Meier method using a software tool (SPSS 19.0). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 152.5 months. Before treatment, 2% of all @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity652 -related @entity4614 . Following surgery, 68% suffered from new @entity51 . RT was associated with mild @entity137 , including @entity227 (5.4%) and @entity4614 (10.9%). In particular, no radiation-induced @entity39 was observed. QOL was reported to be stable or improved in 92% of all @entity1 , and RT was perceived to not compromise but increase QOL in the vast majority of @entity1 (95%). @entity3012 after RT was 93.3% and 61.0% at 120 and 240 months. LPFS following RT was 90.4 and 75.5% at 120 and 240 months. Early initiation of RT after surgery instead of reserving it for recurring @entity652 predisposed for improved outcome. CONCLUSIONS: RT for @entity977 is safe and and self-reported QOL is stable or improved by almost all @entity1 . @entity4614 rates are low. Local control appears improved in @entity1 irradiated postoperatively over those undergoing RT for previously resected recurrent @entity5 .

title: Long term XXXX and prognostic factors of radiation therapy for secreting and non-secreting @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['brain necrosis or malignancy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary deficits']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', 'Hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: @entity2868 group are the most common anaerobic bacteria isolated in clinical specimens. The use of a @entity3405 with a beta-lactamase inhibitor should result in a marked increase in the group's sensitivity to the @entity7660 . Since the activity ( @entity6251 ) shown by the @entity115 + @entity798 combination against @entity2868 group is good, other parameters of in vitro activity have been studied. This study was also done with @entity868 . The @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) was determined in 26 strains of @entity2868 group (14 @entity2868 ; 5 @entity3404 ; 4 @entity3395 ; 3 @entity3396 ). Likewise, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the killing curve, the sub- @entity6251 and post-antibiotic effect were determined. The @entity6251 ranged between 0.5 and 32 mg/l. The MBC was two- to four-fold the @entity6251 for @entity115 / @entity798 , and one- to two-fold the @entity6251 for @entity868 for most strains. The killing curve showed a continuous decrease, sloping most sharply between 0-2 hours and 6-8 hours. @entity115 + @entity798 showed a post-antibiotic effect between 2 and 4 hours. The inhibitory minimum antibiotic concentration was one-half the @entity6251 for most strains.

title: Kinetics of antimicrobial activity of XXXX / @entity798 and @entity868 against beta-lactamase-producing @entity2868 group.

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin', 'amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity3396 :: ('823', 'Species') :: ['B. distasonis']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimum inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity3404 :: ('818', 'Species') :: ['B. thetaiotaomicron']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Appropriate clinical management of cases of FIGO Grade I and II @entity1204 relies heavily on the determination of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). There are no reports addressing expression of the cell adhesion molecule @entity1759 in the subset of Grade I and II @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) as it relates to prognosis, including @entity3 . METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for @entity1759 s and CD44v6 was evaluated in 40 hysterectomy specimens with Grade I and II @entity4348 , including 11 noninvasive ECs, 14 with @entity3 <50% of myometrial thickness, and 15 with deep invasion ( @entity3 >50%). Staining characteristics according to the presence of @entity3 and vascular space invasion (VSI) were evaluated. Strong membranous staining of >10% of @entity5 cells was interpreted as positive. RESULTS: CD44v6 staining was positive in 20% (8/40) of cases, including 45% (5/11) of @entity4348 without @entity3 but only 10% (3/29) with @entity3 (P = 0.025). CD44v6 staining was not present in deeply invasive @entity5 (0/15), while it was present in 8/25 superficially or noninvasive @entity5 (P = 0.016). Sensitivity and specificity were 25 and 100%, respectively, using CD44v6 in evaluating deep @entity3 . CD44s showed a trend toward positive staining when comparing noninvasive versus invasive @entity5 and noninvasive/superficially invasive versus deeply invasive @entity5 (P = 0.08 and 0.12, respectively). CD44s or CD44v6 staining was highly specific for absence of VSI, although statistical comparison did not reach significance. CONCLUSION: Deeply invasive @entity4348 was associated with a consistent lack of CD44v6 expression. This may have potential clinical utility if this finding is demonstrated in further study of prehysterectomy sampling specimens containing @entity4348 .

title: Association of @entity1759 isoform immunohistochemical expression with myometrial and vascular invasion in endometrioid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma', 'EC']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to compare different dosimetric approaches on therapy na  ve @entity1 enrolled in a multicentre fractionated radioimmunotherapy trial, to determine which methodological approach correlates with @entity236 . METHODS: Twenty-height @entity1893 @entity1 were treated with one or two fractions of 90Y-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan (11.1 MBq/kg) 8 to 12 weeks apart in four different institutions. Quantitative imaging with 111In-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan (185 MBq) was performed at 0, 1, 4 and 7 days after infusion, starting two weeks before the therapeutic administration. A whole-body (WB) CT scan was also acquired prior to the 111In-Ibritumomab injection, for attenuation correction purposes and was segmented to derive @entity1 -specific organ masses. All dosimetry processing was centralized in a single institution. The first method (M_2D) was based on geometric mean WB scans, corrected for attenuation, scatter and organs superposition. The second method (M_2.5D) was based on the computed assisted matrix inversion approach and used segmented CT scans. The third method (M_3D) used iterative reconstruction of tomographic scans, corrected for attenuation, scatter and collimator response. Absorbed doses were estimated for lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen using MIRD S values adjusted for organ masses. Bone marrow (BM) absorbed doses were evaluated according to imaging methods (3) and compared to blood-based approaches. RESULTS: For some @entity1 , organ masses such as liver or spleen significantly differed from male/female reference masses, whereas lungs and kidneys masses were relatively constant. Except for lungs, absorbed doses estimated by M_2D were higher than those from M_2.5D and these, in turn, were higher that those calculated from M_3D (Wilcoxon P<8.6e-4). Median organ absorbed dose estimates were equivalent for both fractions except for the spleen. In fact, spleen absorbed doses for the second fraction were lower than those for the first fraction, regardless of the approach. Possible explanations are that @entity1 spleen masses were kept constant for analysis of both fractions and/or that spleen uptake was lowered after the first fraction. Estimation of BM absorbed doses from blood sampling was unable to predict @entity137 , but image-based methods performed better. Additionally, for most organs, the absorbed dose delivered by the first fraction could predict that delivered by the second fraction. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that different acquisition/processing protocols will lead to statistically different absorbed doses. Additionally, image-based dosimetric approaches are needed in order to correlate absorbed dose to @entity236 .

title: Comparisons of dosimetric approaches for fractionated radioimmunotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['platelet toxicity']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: 1. Neurokinin (NK) receptor-mediated extravasation has been examined in @entity840 airways by use of a recently described marker for microvascular protein leakage, 125I-labelled @entity1 @entity2002 . 2. @entity14945 (NKA) caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma [125I]- @entity2002 extravasation in @entity825 , main bronchi, secondary bronchi and intraparenchymal airways. In contrast, the @entity10125 selective agonist @entity54589 only caused extravasation in the secondary and intraparenchymal airways. 3. The @entity10125 selective antagonist, @entity21313 , caused a dose-dependent inhibition of NKA and @entity54589 -induced extravasation of @entity2002 in @entity840 secondary bronchi and intraparenchymal airways. @entity21313 was without effect on the NKA-induced extravasation in @entity825 and main bronchi. 4. NKA- or @entity54589 -induced plasma extravasation was not modified by pretreatment with @entity112 H1- or H2-receptor antagonists. 5. It is concluded that @entity10125 receptors mediate plasma [125I]- @entity2002 extravasation in @entity840 secondary bronchi and intraparenchymal airways. This effect is direct and does not depend upon @entity112 released from mast cells.

title: XXXX receptors mediate plasma extravasation in @entity840 lower airways.

entities_list: @entity14945 :: ('MESH:D015288', 'Chemical') :: ['Neurokinin A']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity10125 :: (MESH:C006007,Chemical) :: ['NK2']


abstract: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is one of the major @entity2412 and the leading cause of @entity454 . In @entity2316 , @entity8 and macrophage accumulation take place in the pathological environment of glomerular vessels adjacent to renal mesangial cells expressing proinflammatory mediators. Purple @entity4336 utilized as a daily food is rich in @entity4211 exerting disease-preventive activities as a functional food. This study elucidated whether @entity4211 -rich purple @entity4336 extract ( @entity4901 ) could suppress monocyte activation and macrophage infiltration. In the in vitro study, @entity1 endothelial cells and @entity1357 monocytes were cultured in conditioned media of @entity1 mesangial cells exposed to 33 mM @entity413 (HG-HRMC). @entity4901 decreased the HG-HRMC-conditioned, media-induced expression of endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and monocyte integrins-b1 and -b2 through blocking the mesangial @entity53040 pathway. In the in vivo animal study, db/db @entity19 were treated with 10 mg/kg @entity4901 daily for 8 wk. @entity4901 attenuated @entity18510 induction and the activation of @entity53040 and @entity53041 in db/db @entity19 . Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed that @entity4901 alleviated mesangial expansion-elicited @entity8 in @entity2316 . In glomeruli, @entity4901 attenuated the induction of intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and CD11b. @entity4901 diminished monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 transcription in the @entity6 kidney, inhibiting the induction of the macrophage markers CD68 and F4/80. These results demonstrate that @entity4901 antagonized the infiltration and accumulation of macrophages in @entity2316 through disturbing the mesangial IL-8-Tyk-STAT signaling pathway. Therefore, @entity4901 may be a potential renoprotective agent treating @entity6 -associated @entity631 .

title: Purple @entity4336 @entity4211 inhibit XXXX -associated glomerular monocyte activation and macrophage infiltration.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic nephropathy', 'early DN', 'DN', 'diabetic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanin', 'anthocyanins']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Cardiotonic agents influence myocardial energy consumption by vasodilation, which may reduce energy demand, and by inotropism, which may increase it. To distinguish between the two effects, myocardial @entity26 consumption must be analyzed in relation to its hemodynamic determinants. The coupling of myocardial @entity26 consumption with its determinants was investigated in 22 @entity1 with @entity1000 (NYHA Class II and III). Predicted myocardial @entity26 consumption by the pressure-work index, the Bretschneider index, and the pressure-volume area correlated moderately with measured myocardial @entity26 consumption (r = 0.57, p less than 0.001; r = 0.52, p less than 0.005; and r = 0.63, p less than 0.001). Multiple regression analysis, including left ventricular peak systolic wall stress, systolic stress-time integral, pressure-volume work, maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise, and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening indicated that systolic stress-time integral is the major determinant of myocardial @entity26 consumption (r = 0.75, p less than 0.001) in these @entity1 . @entity17873 , a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has an inotropic and a vasodilating effect. To investigate the inotropic portion of the energy cost of this phosphodiesterase inhibitor, the influence of enoximone on myocardial @entity26 consumption and systolic stress-time integral was compared with the effects of @entity1854 , which is a vasodilator only. @entity1854 (10 @entity1 ) and enoximone (12 @entity1 ) reduced left ventricular systolic stress-time integral from 109 +/- 22 to 71 +/- 21 (p less than 0.005) and from 104 +/- 23 to 42 +/- 10 (p less than 0.001) 10(3) dynes.sec/cm2, respectively. Myocardial @entity26 consumption decreased from 159 +/- 44 to 112 +/- 23 (p less than 0.005) and from 134 +/- 28 to 109 +/- 21 (p less than 0.001) microliters/beat/100 g, respectively. In both groups, there was a significant correlation between the decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption and the decrease in systolic stress-time integral. The slopes of the respective linear regression lines were significantly different (1.27 for @entity1854 and 0.51 nl.cm2/100 g.dynes.sec for enoximone, p less than 0.05), indicating a smaller decrease of myocardial @entity26 consumption for a given decrease of stress-time integral with enoximone. Applying the pressure-work index or the pressure-volume area instead of systolic stress-time integral yielded comparable results. Thus, vasodilation reduces myocardial @entity26 consumption in proportion to the reduction of stress-time integral. With enoximone, the energy-saving effect of vasodilation is counteracted in part by the increased energy d

title: Myocardial energetics in XXXX with dilated cardiomyopathy. Influence of @entity1854 and @entity17873 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17873 :: ('MESH:D017335', 'Chemical') :: ['Enoximone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a prospective study of prophylactic mesh placement in the preperitoneal space at the time of stoma formation to prevent @entity547 . METHODS: @entity1 undergoing elective permanent stoma formation and resiting of a stoma were included. @entity1 with peritoneal contamination were excluded. A 6x6-cm @entity7502 mesh was placed in the preperitoneal space (no stitches), and a circular hole was made to let the bowel come through with ease and the stoma was constructed. At follow-up, the @entity1 were examined standing and lying down for @entity547 . In the event of clinical uncertainty, a CT scan was done. RESULTS: A total of 42 @entity1 (20 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 , mean age 61 years) were eligible for the study. The @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 31 months (range 9-68 months). There were 29 end-colostomies and 8 end-ileostomies and 5 stomas resited. Four @entity547 were detected during the follow-up period (9.52%). One required repair due to an ill-fitting stoma bag and leakage. The other three were asymptomatic. One @entity1 developed @entity39 which required a new segment of bowel to be brought out through the same opening and the underlying mesh was left undisturbed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the 2-year follow-up in this study (incidence of @entity3976 .5%) along with available evidence in the literature (incidence 0-8.3%), compared to the results of repair make a strong case for the use of a mesh at the time of initial surgery for the formation of any permanent stoma to prevent @entity3976 .

title: @entity547 : Is prevention better than cure? Use of preperitoneal XXXX mesh at the time of stoma formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['parastomal herniation 9', 'parastomal herniation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['stomal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['parastomal hernias', 'parastomal hernia']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find the views and identify the needs of Galician primary health care (PHC) professionals concerning @entity645 / @entity791 . DESIGN: An observational cross-sectional study. SETTING: Autonomous Community of Galicia. @entity1 : Primary care professionals from medicine (N = 1,523, n = 510), nursing (N = n = 220) and paediatrics (N = n = 249). METHODS: A postal questionnaire was used to gather data. Four mailings were sent. RESULTS: The percentage of replies was 64.6%. Less than 30% of the professionals were involved in specific activities with at-risk groups. Less than half were involved in recruitment and early diagnosis of @entity1 with at-risk practices and their contacts. About 50% thought that the initiative was currently being left up to each individual professional, which only a third believed was desirable. CONCLUSION: Galician PHC professionals are in favour of a greater involvement of their health care level in questions of @entity645 / @entity791 . They call explicitly for greater efforts from the health authorities to provide training, means and coordination.

title: [ XXXX / @entity791 in primary care: the opinions and needs of Galician health professionals].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Left ventricular volumes and contractile patterns were evaluated during the first sinus beat after a compensatory pause resulting from @entity943 and were compared to the second sinus beat (control beat) in order to evaluate the effect of postextrasystolic potentiation. Twelve @entity1 had no evidence of @entity299 (group I). Fifty @entity1 had @entity453 and included 14 @entity1 (group IIa) with no prior @entity583 and a normal left ventricular contractile pattern and 19 pateints (group IIb) with an abnormal contractile pattern. Seventeen pateints (group IIc) had a documented transmural @entity583 as well as an abnormal left ventricular contractile pattern. In all @entity1 the first postextrasystolic sinus beat, when compared to the second sinus beat, demonstrated increases in @entity64 volume and ejection fraction and decrease in end-systolic volume. There were no qualitative changes in the contractile pattern in the immediate postextrasystolic beat in the @entity1 with normal left ventricular function. In both group IIb and group IIc the changes in end-systolic volume, @entity64 volume and ejection fraction were significantly greater than observed in groups I and IIa. Abnormal wall segments present in the control beat in groups IIb and IIc demonstrated after postextrasystolic potentiation a normal contractile pattern, improved pattern or no change when compared to the control beat. Abnormal wall segments were more likely to revert to normal as a result of postextrasystolic potentiation in group IIb than group IIc. @entity910 was less likely to revert completely to normal than hyposinesia. In 20 of 24 @entity1 the changes in contractile pattern after aortocoronary bypass surgery corresponded to those observed as a result of postextrasystolic potentiation.

title: Response of the left ventricle in XXXX to postextrasystolic potentiation.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Akinesia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transvaginal ultrasonography is a noninvasive procedure that may be used to detect @entity1478 . However, its usefulness in screening for @entity10094 in postmenopausal @entity1 before or during treatment with @entity172 or @entity172 - @entity1420 replacement is not known. METHODS: We compared the sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal ultrasonography and endometrial biopsy for the detection of @entity1478 in 448 postmenopausal @entity1 who received @entity172 alone, cyclic or continuous @entity172 - @entity1420 , or placebo for three years. RESULTS: Concurrent ultrasonographic and biopsy results were available for 577 examinations in the 448 @entity1 , 99 percent of whom were undergoing routine annual follow-up. Endometrial thickness was less than 5 mm in 45 percent of the examinations, 5 to 10 mm in 41 percent, more than 10 mm in 12 percent, and not measured in 2 percent, and it was higher in the @entity1 receiving @entity172 alone than in the other groups. Biopsy detected 11 cases of serious disease: 1 case of @entity420 , 2 cases of @entity1869 , and 8 cases of @entity1373 . Biopsy also detected simple hyperplasia in 20 cases. At a threshold value of 5 mm for endometrial thickness, transvaginal ultrasonography had a positive predictive value of 9 percent for detecting any abnormality, with 90 percent sensitivity, 48 percent specificity, and a negative predictive value of 99 percent. With this threshold, a biopsy would be indicated in more than half the @entity1 , only 4 percent of whom had serious disease. CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal ultrasonography has a poor positive predictive value but a high negative predictive value for detecting serious @entity1478 in asymptomatic postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Transvaginal ultrasonography compared with endometrial biopsy for the detection of @entity1478 . Postmenopausal XXXX /Progestin Interventions Trial.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['complex hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial disease']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['atypical simple hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: An experimental @entity281 with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses was carried out on falcons in order to examine the effects of these viruses in terms of pathogenesis, viral distribution in tissues and @entity1800 . The distribution pattern of influenza virus receptors was also assessed. Captive-reared gyr-saker (Falco rusticolus x Falco cherrug) hybrid falcons were challenged with a @entity778 (A/ @entity56435 /Basque Country/06.03249/2006) or a LPAI H7N2 virus (A/Anas plathyrhynchos/Spain/1877/2009), both via the nasochoanal route and by ingestion of previously infected specific pathogen free chicks. Infected falcons exhibited similar @entity281 dynamics despite the different routes of exposure, demonstrating the effectiveness of in vivo feeding route. @entity281 falcons died, or were euthanized, between 5-7 days post- @entity281 (dpi) after showing acute severe neurological signs. Presence of viral antigen in several tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR), which were generally associated with significant @entity75 , mostly in the brain. Neither clinical signs, nor histopathological findings were observed in any of the H7N2 LPAI infected falcons, although all of them had seroconverted by 11 dpi. Avian receptors were strongly present in the upper respiratory tract of the falcons, in accordance with the consistent oral @entity1800 detected by RRT-PCR in both H5N1 HPAI and H7N2 LPAI infected falcons. The present study demonstrates that gyr-saker hybrid falcons are highly susceptible to H5N1 HPAI @entity778 , as previously observed, and that they may play a major role in the spreading of both HPAI and LPAI viruses. For the first time in raptors, natural @entity281 by feeding on infected prey was successfully reproduced. The use of avian prey species in falconry husbandry and wildlife rehabilitation facilities could put valuable birds of prey and @entity1 at risk and, therefore, this practice should be closely monitored.

title: Highly (H5N1) and low (H7N2) pathogenic avian influenza XXXX in falcons via nasochoanal route and ingestion of experimentally infected prey.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HPAI H5N1 virus', 'virus infection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['microscopical lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'H5N1 infected']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral shedding']

entities_list: @entity56435 :: ('345573', 'Species') :: ['Great crested grebe']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['virus infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess ethnic differences in @entity1017 in young adults. DESIGN: Five-year weight change was assessed in 4207 young adults initially aged 18-30 years at the CARDIA Study baseline examination (1985-1986). RESULTS: Weight gain was significantly (p < 0.0001) greater in black versus white @entity1 (13.2 versus 9.1 lb) and in black versus white @entity1 (13.2 versus 7.4 lb). Baseline weight and year-five weight in all race and gender groups were strongly associated, suggesting a high degree of tracking of adiposity during young adulthood. Greater @entity1017 was noted in @entity1 reporting baseline education of high school or less versus college graduates in black @entity1 (14.4 versus 10.0 lb, p < 0.05), white @entity1 (10.2 versus 5.2 lb, p < 0.0001) and white @entity1 (10.2 versus 7.8 lb, p < 0.001). Significantly greater @entity1017 was observed in younger (18-24 years) versus older (25-30 years) @entity1 , but no age-related difference was seen in @entity1 . The racial differences in @entity1017 remained after adjustment for age and level of education. The above trends were confirmed for other measures of body size, i.e. body mass index and skinfold thickness. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that young adults are at high risk of @entity1017 , and that @entity1017 was greatest among African Americans and among less educated @entity1 . These high-risk groups can be identified and targeted for primary prevention of adult @entity28 in addition to population wide efforts that will be required to counteract the secular trend of increased @entity28 observed in US adults.

title: Differences in XXXX in relation to race, gender, age and education in young adults: the CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine differences in population based rates of gonorrhoea and @entity1047 between black ethnic groups in Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Health Authority. METHODS: Episodes of gonorrhoea or @entity1047 recorded among attenders at 11 genitourinary clinics in south and central London from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1995 were retrieved. Complete data on @entity1047 were only available for @entity1 . Ethnic group was assigned according to census categories--white, black Caribbean, black African, black other, Asian, or other. We calculated yearly incidence rates for episodes of gonorrhoea and @entity1047 in residents of Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Health Authority. Random effects Poisson regression models were used to examine associations between infection rates and age, ethnic group, and material deprivation. RESULTS: During the study period there were 1996 episodes of gonorrhoea in @entity1 and @entity1 and 1376 episodes of @entity1047 in @entity1 with complete data. For both @entity281 rates among individuals from black Caribbean and black other ethnic groups were markedly higher than among black Africans. In @entity1 , the gonorrhoea rate among black Caribbean 20-24 year olds was 2348 (95% CI 1965 to 2831) episodes per 100,000 compared with 931 (95% CI 690 to 1288) in black African @entity1 and 111 (95% CI 100 to 124) per 100,000 in white @entity1 of the same age. Among @entity1 gonorrhoea rates were highest in black Caribbean 15-19 year olds (2612, 95% CI 2161 to 3190 per 100,000). In contrast, rates in black African @entity1 of the same age (331, 95% CI 154 to 846 per 100,000) were similar to those of white @entity1 (222, 95% CI 163 to 312). @entity1047 rates were also highest in black Caribbean 15-19 year old @entity1 (4579, 95% CI 3966 to 5314 per 100,000), compared with 1286 (95% CI 907 to 1888) in black African and 433 (95% CI 349 to 544) per 100,000 white @entity1 . Controlling for material deprivation and age only attenuated differences in rates between ethnic groups slightly. CONCLUSIONS: There are marked differences in rates of gonorrhoea and @entity1047 between different black ethnic groups, with higher rates in black Caribbeans than black Africans. This study supports the hypothesis that assortative sexual mixing patterns can restrict epidemics of @entity2953 within ethnic groups. Differences in disease occurrence between black ethnic groups should be explored before combining data, even when numbers of episodes are small.

title: Inequalities in rates of gonorrhoea and XXXX between black ethnic groups in south east London: cross sectional study.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia', 'chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The dosing of factor VIIa (recombinant) in nonhemophiliac @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is discussed. SUMMARY: Factor VIIa (recombinant) is a @entity2067 -dependent glycoprotein that is FDA-approved for use in @entity1 with @entity447 or B with inhibitors to factor VIII or IX and for @entity1 with @entity5630 . Case reports and observational studies indicate that factor VIIa (recombinant) may be efficacious for the treatment of acute @entity548 episodes related to @entity130 , surgery, and @entity1003 . The use of factor VIIa (recombinant) for @entity299 is increasing. No controlled clinical trials have been conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of factor VIIa (recombinant) in the treatment of @entity299 ; therefore, the appropriate dosing scheme remains unclear. In addition, @entity1031 events associated with factor VIIa (recombinant) have been reported, so the safety of factor VIIa (recombinant) in @entity1 with normal coagulation systems is unclear. Data from one randomized, controlled, clinical trial of the use of factor VIIa (recombinant) in @entity1779 showed a dose-related trend toward adverse events when factor VIIa (recombinant) was compared with placebo. CONCLUSION: No particular dose of factor VIIa (recombinant) is strongly supported in the literature for off-label use, and @entity1031 events may be dose dependent. Use of the smallest possible dose is warranted because of the high cost of factor VIIa (recombinant) and the potential for @entity1031 events. A single dose of 2.4 or 4.8 mg or 45 microg/kg should be considered.

title: Dosing factor VIIa (recombinant) in nonhemophiliac @entity1 with XXXX after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity5630 :: ('MESH:D005168', 'Disease') :: ['factor VII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathies']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CSAB', 'cardiac-surgery-associated bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: 1. CB-1 cannabinoid receptors are strongly expressed in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. We have analysed, in patch-clamped Purkinje cells (PCs) in @entity35 cerebellar slices, the effect of the selective CB-1 agonists @entity10024 and @entity18864 and of the selective CB-1 antagonist @entity351 on excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. 2. Bath application of both agonists markedly depressed parallel fibre (PF) EPSCs. This effect was reversed by @entity351 -A. In contrast, responses of PCs to ionophoretic application of @entity2227 were not affected by @entity10024 . 3. The coefficient of variation and the paired-pulse facilitation of these PF-mediated EPSCs increased in the presence of @entity10024 . 4. @entity10024 decreased the frequency of miniature EPSCs and of asynchronous synaptic events evoked in the presence of @entity9756 in the bath, but did not affect their amplitude. 5. @entity10024 did not change the excitability of PFs. 6. @entity10024 impaired long-term @entity308 induced by pairing protocols in PCs. This effect was antagonized by @entity351 -A. The same impairment of LTD was produced by @entity17828 , a compound that decreases the probability of release of @entity2227 at PF-PC synapses. 7. The present study demonstrates that @entity7785 inhibit synaptic transmission at PF-PC synapses by decreasing the probability of release of @entity2227 , and thereby impair LTD. These two effects might represent a plausible cellular mechanism underlying @entity76 caused by cannabinoids.

title: XXXX decrease excitatory synaptic transmission and impair long-term @entity308 in @entity35 cerebellar Purkinje cells.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity7785 :: ('MESH:D002186', 'Chemical') :: ['cannabinoids']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity17828 :: ('MESH:D015762', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloroadenosine']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

answer: @entity7785 :: (MESH:D002186,Chemical) :: ['Cannabinoids']


abstract: Alternative substrates other than @entity413 could be used by the brain. In this study we hypothesized that @entity880 and @entity6178 bodies can provide a significant portion of oxidative brain substrates in @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). Six control (C) and six insulin-treated streptozotocin diabetic ( @entity1723 ) @entity235 were studied during euglycemia (EU) and acute insulin induced @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ). During EU for similar plasma @entity413 concentration (5.5 +/- 0.4 v 5.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/L in @entity1723 @entity235 showed a higher baseline @entity880 concentration (1.5 +/- 0.25 v 0.74 +/- 0.10 mmol/L; P less than .05). The @entity6178 body concentrations were also increased in @entity1723 @entity235 but this increase was not statistically significant. The brain @entity413 uptake was 6.9 +/- 0.6 mumol/kg/min in C and 5.4 +/- 0.7 in @entity1723 . @entity880 was released by the brain both in @entity1723 @entity235 (11.36 +/- 1.8 mumol/kg/min) and in C @entity235 (3.87 +/- 0.9; P less than .05). The brain ketones rate of disappearance (Rd) was 0.3 +/- 0.05 mumol/kg/min in @entity1723 @entity235 and 0.19 +/- 0.08 in C @entity235 . During @entity4053 the @entity413 uptake across the brain was 2.88 +/- 0.7 mumol/kg/min in @entity1723 and 3.12 +/- 0.5 in C @entity235 . We observed an overall brain @entity880 release (3.21 +/- 1.7 mol/kg/min) in C @entity235 and a net uptake (13.44 +/- 1.1; P less than .01) in @entity1723 (P less than .01). The brain @entity16623 Rd was 0.1 +/- 0.2 mumol/kg/min in @entity1723 and 0.1 +/- 0.1 in C @entity235 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Substrate availability other than @entity413 in the brain during euglycemia and insulin-induced XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'HYPO']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare botulinum toxin A injections with fixed plaster cast stretching in the management of cerebral palsied @entity1 with dynamic (i.e. non-fixed) @entity291 @entity3431 . METHODS: The settings were the @entity1 's and @entity1 's Hospital (WCH) and the Crippled @entity1 's Association of South Australia (CCA), Adelaide, South Australia. Twenty @entity1 were selected by two paediatric rehabilitation specialists. A prospective, randomized, single-blind controlled study, was carried out, with 10 @entity1 in each arm. The clinicians were blinded as to the allocated interventions. The outcome measures for 6 months post intervention were clinical assessment, modified Ashworth Scale, Gross Motor Function Measure, 2 D-video ratings using a modified Physical Rating Scale and a global scoring scale and a parent satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin A injections were of similar efficacy to serial fixed plaster casting in improving dynamic @entity291 @entity3431 in ambulant or partially ambulant @entity1 with @entity306 . The ease of outpatient administration, reduction of muscle tone and safety with botulinum toxin A was confirmed. Parents consistently favoured botulinum toxin A and highlighted the inconvenience of serial casting.

title: Botulinum toxin A versus fixed cast stretching for dynamic @entity291 @entity3431 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3431 :: ('MESH:C536920', 'Disease') :: ['tightness']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: The biomedical literature on the subject of neurotrophic growth factors has expanded prodigiously. This essay reviews neurotrophic factors (NTF) and their receptors in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity191 ( @entity191 ) brain and recent updates on receptor signaling. The hypotheses for specific NTF involvement in @entity179 in @entity1 and as potential therapy are based mainly on experimental animal and in vitro models. There are wide gaps in information on regional synthesis and cell contents of NTFs and their receptors in @entity1 brain. Observations on @entity195 brain indicate increases in NGF and decreases in @entity2252 in surviving neurons of hippocampus and certain neocortical regions and decreases in @entity2250 in cortex and nucleus basalis. In @entity191 brain, the few data available indicate decreases in neuronal content of @entity6352 and @entity540 in surviving substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. There are very few data regarding age-dependent effects on NTFs and on their receptors in @entity1 brain. Since NTFs in neurons are subject to retrograde and, in at least some cases, to anterograde transport from and to target neurons, their effects may be related to synthesis in local or remote sites or to changes in axoplasmic transport. Also, certain NTFs and their receptors are found to be expressed in activated glia. Thus, comparative in situ data for transcription levels and protein contents for NTFs and their receptors in both sites of neuronal origin and termination in @entity1 brain are needed to understand their potential roles in treating @entity1 diseases.

title: Neurotrophic factors in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity401 is an ill-defined side effect of @entity3446 , a new immunosuppressant drug recently introduced for @entity1 having organ transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and laboratory features of @entity3446 -associated @entity55 . DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: 1 transplantation center in Paris, France. @entity1 : 24 @entity1 who had renal transplantation and developed @entity3446 -associated @entity55 , including 8 @entity1 previously reported. MEASUREMENTS: Symptoms; laboratory tests, including bronchoalveolar fluid analysis; and computed tomography (CT) of the chest. INTERVENTION: Withdrawal or dose reduction of @entity3446 . RESULTS: Clinical symptoms included cough (23 @entity1 ), @entity1295 (20 @entity1 ), @entity221 (16 @entity1 ), and @entity1353 (8 @entity1 ). Computed tomography of the chest showed reticular and ground-glass opacities (4 @entity1 ), @entity3616 (19 @entity1 ), and lobar consolidation (1 @entity1 ). Bronchoalveolar lavage showed lymphocytic (19 @entity1 ) or eosinophilic (3 @entity1 ) @entity3794 or @entity548 (2 @entity1 ). A reduction in the @entity3446 dose resulted in transient clinical improvement in 2 @entity1 , but discontinuation of drug therapy was eventually necessary in all @entity1 . All @entity1 recovered completely within 6 months. LIMITATIONS: The @entity3446 trough level in @entity1 from this single center was higher than that usually used in @entity1 having renal transplantation. CONCLUSION: @entity3794 and radiologic @entity3616 are the key findings in @entity3446 -associated @entity55 . @entity3446 withdrawal was associated with recovery within 6 months.

title: Brief communication: XXXX -associated @entity55 : 24 cases in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphocytic alveolitis', 'alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial pneumonitis']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate lung function in @entity1 with @entity31 and to assess the incidence of latent @entity358 in subjects with active and inactive disease. After full colonscopic assessment with multiple mucosal biopsy, the clinical disease activity of each @entity1 was quantified, using the simple index of Harvey and Bradshaw. The @entity1 were divided into 2 equal groups: subjects with active disease (group 1; n=16); and those with inactive disease (group 2; n=16). Global spirometry was then performed. A latent @entity358 was found in 17 of 32 @entity1 (53%), the incidence was higher in the group 1 @entity1 (81%). The majority of @entity1 presented a reduction in the @entity1223 diffusing capacity of the lungs (DL,CO). The mean DL,CO value was 73.87+/-14.87 in group 1 and 87.31+/-11.23 in group 2. The DL,CO and KCO reduction correlated significantly with intestinal histopathological grading in the group of @entity1 with active disease (r=0.87, p<0.001; r=0.603, p=0.015). To conclude, a high incidence of @entity358 were identified, despite the lack of radiological alterations (High Resolution Computed Tomography) and @entity358 , in @entity31 @entity1 . These alterations were more common in @entity1 with active disease. The strong correlation between DL,CO values and histopathological grading suggests that this test may reflect bowel disease activity.

title: Changes in the XXXX diffusing capacity of the lung in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary symptoms', 'pulmonary involvement', 'pulmonary function abnormalities']

answer: @entity1223 :: (MESH:D002248,Chemical) :: ['carbon monoxide']


abstract: During prosthetic implantation, gaps between the implant surface and the surrounding bone may occur resulting in reduced implant stability. In these instances bone-conductive materials might augment the formation of hosting bone into the pores of the implant and insure earlier implant stabilization and fixation by bony ingrowth. @entity702 -alloy cylinders with a porous- @entity702 -alloy plasma spray coating were implanted into the medial femoral condyles in six mature @entity235 . In another group of six @entity235 , matched in age, weight, and gender, @entity692 (HA) coated implants were used. All implants were surrounded by a 1-mm gap. @entity2331 of the knee, with a 20% reduction of bone density as judged by computed tomography scanning, was induced by 12 weekly intraarticular injections of carrageenin into the right knee before surgery. Four weeks after implantation, the HA-coated implants were compared to the parent porous- @entity702 implants by mechanical testing and histomorphometry. A marked positive influence of HA coating on bone mineralization and the strength of the interfacial bone between the bone and implant was found. The increment in interface shear strength and shear stiffness was three- to fivefold in osteopenic bone and two-fold in control bone. Coating of an unloaded porous- @entity702 -coated implant with HA accelerates the rate of bone ingrowth and thereby provides relatively high, early interfacial shear strengths in the presence of an initial gap between bone and implant even in the presence of @entity79 .

title: Gap healing enhanced by @entity692 coating in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic host bone']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium', 'Titanium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity697 media with effusion is one of the most common @entity166 of childhood. Two multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials were conducted to assess the relative safety and efficacy of loracarbef and either @entity115 / @entity798 or @entity115 in the treatment of @entity697 . @entity1 were evaluated clinically and bacteriologically at a pretherapy visit (within 48 hours of study drug administration), a posttherapy visit (within 72 hours after completion of therapy), and a late posttherapy visit (10 to 16 days after completion of therapy). In both studies, etiologic agents were assessed by tympanocentesis. In both studies @entity1 had to have a pathogen susceptible to both study drugs to be continued in the study and declared evaluable. The first study, conducted at 24 United States centers, compared loracarbef 30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses and @entity115 / @entity798 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses each for 10 days. At the posttherapy visit 124 (87.3%) of 142 evaluable loracarbef-treated @entity1 and 130 (91.5%) of 142 evaluable @entity115 / @entity798 -treated @entity1 had favorable (cure or improvement) clinical outcomes (P = 0.247). Loracarbef-treated @entity1 were significantly less likely to experience adverse events, notably @entity294 , than @entity115 / @entity798 -treated @entity1 (P less than 0.001). The second study, conducted at 12 European sites, compared loracarbef 30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses and @entity115 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses each for 7 days. At the posttherapy visit 120 (81.1%) of 148 evaluable loracarbef-treated @entity1 and 125 (87.4%) of 143 @entity115 -treated @entity1 had favorable clinical outcomes (P = 0.139). Loracarbef and @entity115 displayed comparable safety, although @entity391 appeared more frequently among @entity1 receiving @entity115 (P = 0.011).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative United States and European trials of loracarbef in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'Acute otitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute otitis media']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing therapies for recurrent or refractory histiocytoses, including @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ), @entity6725 ( @entity6725 ), and @entity9312 ( @entity9312 ), have limited effectiveness. We report our experience with using @entity19859 as therapy in @entity1 with recurrent or refractory histiocytic disorders, including @entity1222 (11 @entity1 ), systemic @entity6725 (4 @entity1 ), and @entity9312 (3 @entity1 ). METHODS: @entity1 treated with @entity19859 for @entity1222 , @entity6725 , or @entity9312 by Texas @entity1 's Hospital physicians or collaborators between May 2011 and January 2013 were reviewed for response and @entity137 . RESULTS: @entity1 were treated with a median of three chemotherapeutic regimens prior to @entity19859 . @entity19859 was typically administered at 25 mg/m(2) /day for 5 days. Cycles were administered every 28 days for a median of six cycles (range: 2-8 cycles). Seventeen of 18 @entity1 are alive. All surviving @entity1 showed demonstrable improvement after two to four cycles of therapy, with 11 (61%) complete responses, 4 (22%) partial responses, and 2 @entity1 still receiving therapy. Five @entity1 experienced disease recurrence, but three of these subsequently achieved complete remission. All @entity1 with @entity6725 and @entity9312 had complete or partial response at conclusion of therapy. Side effects included @entity1398 in all @entity1 . Recurring but sporadic @entity137 included prolonged @entity1398 , severe @entity391 , and @entity2348 . CONCLUSION: @entity19859 has activity against @entity1222 , @entity6725 , and @entity9312 in heavily pretreated @entity1 , but prospective multi-center trials are warranted to determine long-term efficacy, optimal dosing, and late @entity137 of @entity19859 in this population.

title: @entity19859 salvage therapy in refractory multifocal histiocytic disorders, including XXXX , @entity6725 and @entity9312 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity9312 :: ('MESH:D015618', 'Disease') :: ['Rosai-Dorfman disease', 'RDD']

entities_list: @entity6725 :: ('MESH:D014972', 'Disease') :: ['JXG', 'juvenile xanthogranuloma']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis', 'LCH']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity19859 :: ('MESH:C068329', 'Chemical') :: ['Clofarabine', 'clofarabine']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis']


abstract: An effort-related @entity751 is a condition in which increased pressure in a muscle compartment impedes blood flow and compromises metabolic demands of the tissues within that space. One can clinically distinguish acute irreversible and chronic reversible types. The aetiology relates in most instances to a limiting noncompliant fascia surrounding the affected muscle compartment. Sports activity leads to increased muscle volume and if there is a noncompliant fascia this will result in an excessive intracompartmental pressure which interferes with muscle blood flow. As a consequence of a reduced intracompartmental blood flow a reversible (recurrent) or irreversible (acute) exercise ischaemia, a so-called ' @entity751 ' occurs. A @entity2054 is typically encountered in the lower leg, but it can be also observed in the upper leg and even in the forearm. Clinical history plays a key role in the diagnosis. @entity158 , @entity121 and @entity14695 -like feeling are the most common complaints. Weakness, @entity912 and @entity1183 are seen, especially in the acute syndrome. Symptoms appear at a certain intensity of activity and disappear at rest in the @entity2054 , but in the @entity12761 will persist and will be severe. It is clearly an effort-related @entity158 . Physical examination is not always useful in diagnosing a recurrent syndrome, but in the acute syndrome one will find high sensitivity to pressure and tenseness over the involved muscle compartment. Decreased or loss of active motion and sensation in the involved compartment are frequently seen. Tissue pressure monitoring can confirm the diagnosis for both types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acute and recurrent effort-related XXXX in sports.

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome', 'chronic compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['compartmental syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['acute type pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tightness']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2054 :: (MESH:D003161,Disease) :: ['compartment syndrome']


abstract: We hypothesized that the vasodilation observed during @entity2690 stimulation is closely coupled to the rate of @entity413 metabolism. Lean (L, n = 13), @entity28 nondiabetic (OB, n = 13), and @entity28 diabetic subjects (Type 2 @entity3918 , n = 16) were studied. Leg blood flow (LBF) was examined under conditions of euglycemic @entity3190 (EH) and @entity3190 ( @entity3190 ), which produced a steady-state whole body @entity413 disposal rate (GDR) of approximately 2,000 micromol. m(-2). min(-1). At this GDR, under both conditions, subjects across the range of @entity2690 sensitivity exhibited equivalent LBF (l/min EH: L, 0.42 +/- 0.03; OB, 0.43 +/- 0. 03; Type 2 @entity3918 , 0.38 +/- 0.07; P = 0.72 by ANOVA. @entity3190 : L, 0.44 +/- 0. 04; OB, 0.39 +/- 0.05; Type 2 @entity3918 , 0.41 +/- 0.04; P = 0.71). The continuous relationship between LBF and GDR did not differ across subject groups [slope x 10(-5) l/(micromol. m(-2). min(-1)) by ANOVA. EH: L, 8.6; OB, 9.2; Type 2 @entity3918 , 7.9; P = 0.91. @entity3190 : L, 4.2; OB, 2.5; Type 2 @entity3918 , 4.1; P = 0.77], although this relationship did differ between the EH and @entity3190 conditions (P = 0.001). These findings support a physiological coupling of LBF and @entity2690 -mediated @entity413 metabolism. The mechanism(s) linking substrate delivery and metabolism appears to be intact in @entity2690 -resistant states.

title: Evidence for physiological coupling of XXXX -mediated @entity413 metabolism and limb blood flow.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obese type 2']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia', 'HH']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: While cryoablation has been shown to be an effective method of destruction of primary and metastatic @entity96 , there is a disturbingly high incidence of recurrence at the cryoablated site and there are conflicting reports concerning long-term survival. For this reason, resection remains the preferred surgical treatment of @entity96 . However, there is a population of @entity1 who, because of age, pre-existing @entity409 , present a higher risk for major resection, and for whom cryoablation may be favored. This study examined the safety and effectiveness of cryoablation in @entity1 thought to be at higher risk for conventional hepatic resection, or in whom resection would not eradicate all known disease. Twenty-eight consecutive @entity1 underwent cryoablation, with or without resection, of 39 @entity99 for primary (n = 9) or metastatic (n = 19) disease. Their postoperative course and long-term follow-up were examined for complications, survivability, and recurrence of disease. With the use of cryoablation, a major hepatic resection was avoided in 20 @entity1 , 11 of whom were 70 years or older, 4 who likely had disseminated @entity5 even though the liver was the only site of detectable disease, 2 who were cirrhotic, and 2 with bilobar disease. An additional 7 @entity1 had recurrence of disease in a previously resected liver, for whom additional resection would be hazardous. There was one operative death from an exaggerated @entity1850 . Seven @entity1 developed complications, including 2 @entity1 with cryoablation-induced @entity1003 . Excluding 2 @entity1 (including the @entity204 ) the average hospital length of stay was 6.7 +/- 2.8 days. Seven @entity1 required some intensive care unit (ICU) care. Three @entity1 with primary @entity96 are alive 29 to 47 months after cryoablation. Two @entity1 with @entity3 are alive without recurrence at 12 and 16 months, and 9 are alive with disease from 13 to 58 months after cryoablation. Fifteen @entity1 developed liver recurrence, 5/27 (19%) at the cryoablated site. Cryoablation appears to be a safe treatment modality for primary and metastatic @entity96 . It is particularly appealing in those @entity1 who may be at higher risk for major hepatectomy because of age, pre-existing @entity409 , type of @entity3 , previous resection, or bilobar @entity5 . Most disturbing is the high incidence of recurrence at the cryoablated site, which may reflect problems with ultrasound localization or proximity of @entity5 to major vasculature. Disease-free survival is low. From this standpoint the procedure should be considered palliative, even though all @entity99 can be eradicated. However, these limitations should not deter the use of cryoablation in selected @entity1 . There is the potential for long-term survival, just as there is with resection.

title: Realistic expectations for cryoablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease, or likely systemic dissemination', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore changes in @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) after a two-month period of @entity726 therapy with topical latanoprost after uneventful phacoemulsification. METHODS: Forty-one eyes of 31 @entity1 with primary open angle or pseudoexfoliative @entity726 who required @entity726 medications after @entity231 surgery were prospectively enrolled. All eyes had undergone uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation at least 4 months before initiation of latanoprost. After a complete ophthalmic examination, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and @entity941 angiography (FA) were performed at baseline before starting latanoprost. All eyes received latanoprost for 2 months, and clinical examinations were repeated one and two months afterwards; OCT and FA were repeated after 2 months. Outcome measures were @entity1020 and loss of more than 2 lines of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 71.6  7.8 years. Intraocular pressure decreased from 21.5  3.4 mmHg to 14.4  2.6 mmHg (p<0.001) at 2 months. None of the eyes developed reduction of BCVA exceeding 2 lines, or angiographic @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). Likewise no significant change was noted in @entity1020 (249.9  29.8 vs 248.8  30.7  m), average macular thickness (274.5  15.0 vs 273.8  17.0  m), or macular volume (9.6  1.0 vs 9.6  1.1  m2) after treatment as compared to baseline (P>0.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION: Topical use of latanoprost later than 4 months after uncomplicated @entity231 surgery does not seem to predispose to increased macular thickness or @entity1103 and may safely be used in this setting.

title: Topical latanoprost does not cause macular thickening after uncomplicated XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CME', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess long-term outcomes following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) of congenital @entity1498 in adults. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 underwent @entity865 for symptomatic adult @entity1498 . Sixteen @entity1 , with a mean age of 28 years (range 15-60 years), were reviewed at a mean interval after angioplasty of 7.3 years (range 1.5-11 years). Assessment included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Doppler echocardiography, and clinical examination. Current clinical measurements were compared with pre- and immediate @entity8447 . RESULTS: At follow-up 16 @entity1 were alive and well. The @entity1 not included in follow-up had undergone surgical repair and excision of the @entity1498 segment following @entity865 . Mean brachial systolic blood pressure for the group decreased from 174 mmHg before angioplasty to 130 mmHg at follow-up (p = 0.0001). The mean gradient had fallen significantly from 50.9 to 17.8 at follow-up (p = 0.001). The average number of antihypertensive drugs required per @entity1 decreased from 0.56 to 0.31 (p = 0.234). No significant residual stenoses or restenoses were seen at MRI. Small but clinically insignificant residual pressure gradients were recorded in all @entity1 using Doppler echocardiography. Complications included one transient @entity63 attack at 5 days, one external iliac dissection requiring stent insertion, and a further @entity1 who developed a false @entity439 close to the @entity1498 site at 12 months which subsequently required surgical excision. CONCLUSION: @entity865 of @entity1498 is safe and effective in the long term. Although primary stenting has recently been advocated in the treatment of this condition, our results suggest that @entity865 remains the treatment of choice.

title: Long-term follow-Up of percutaneous balloon angioplasty in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'aortic coarctation', 'adult coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity8447 :: ('MESH:D017169', 'Disease') :: ['post-angioplasty measurements']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: The complete mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA, molecule of the @entity3048 , @entity3048 , was sequenced. The size of the molecule is 16,710 nucleotides. The organization of the molecule conforms with that described for the @entity1573 and the @entity6497 . It has been shown previously that relative to other vertebrates the NADH3 gene of the @entity6497 has an insertion of one @entity377 in position 174 of the gene. The same observation was made in the rhea and in the newly sequenced NADH3 gene of the @entity6498 , @entity6498 . Comparison with the NADH3 gene of the @entity1573 and the @entity11468 suggests that the inserted @entity377 may be deleted by RNA editing. The divergence between the two struthioniform species, the @entity6497 and the rhea, was molecularly dated at approximately 51 million years before present, MYBP. This dating is more recent than commonly acknowledged. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete @entity54011 genes of seven avian orders placed the Passeriformes basal in the avian tree with the Struthioniformes among the remaining Neognathae. These findings challenge the commonly accepted notion that the most basal avian divergence is that between the Palaeognathae and Neognathae.

title: The complete mitochondrial genome of XXXX and early avian divergences.

entities_list: @entity3048 :: ('8797', 'Species') :: ['Rhea americana', 'greater rhea']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6498 :: ('8790', 'Species') :: ['emu', 'Dromaius novaehollandiae']

answer: @entity3048 :: (8797,Species) :: ['Rhea americana']


abstract: PURPOSE: This randomized study assessed whether the best overall response rate (ORR) of cetuximab combined with @entity901 , @entity4181 , and @entity1487 (FOLFOX-4) was superior to that of FOLFOX-4 alone as first-line treatment for metastatic @entity14 . The influence of @entity984 mutation status was investigated. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received cetuximab (400 mg/m(2) initial dose followed by 250 mg/m(2)/wk thereafter) plus FOLFOX-4 ( @entity901 85 mg/m(2) on day 1, plus @entity4181 200 mg/m(2) and @entity1487 as a 400 mg/m(2) bolus followed by a 600 mg/m(2) infusion during 22 hours on days 1 and 2; n = 169) or FOLFOX-4 alone (n = 168). Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . @entity984 mutation status was assessed in the subset of @entity1 with assessable @entity5 samples (n = 233). RESULTS: The confirmed ORR for cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 was higher than with FOLFOX-4 alone (46% v 36%). A statistically significant increase in the odds for a response with the addition of cetuximab to FOLFOX-4 could not be established (odds ratio = 1.52; P = .064). In @entity1 with @entity984 wild-type @entity5 , the addition of cetuximab to FOLFOX-4 was associated with a clinically significant increased chance of response (ORR = 61% v 37%; odds ratio = 2.54; P = .011) and a lower risk of disease progression (hazard ratio = 0.57; P = .0163) compared with FOLFOX-4 alone. Cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: @entity984 mutational status was shown to be a highly predictive selection criterion in relation to the treatment decision regarding the addition of cetuximab to FOLFOX-4 for previously untreated @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 .

title: @entity1487 , XXXX , and @entity901 with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for early @entity2 has become technically feasible. We sought to determine if VATS preserved chest wall muscle postoperatively better than thoracotomy. Consecutive @entity1 who underwent lobectomy between 2004 and 2006 for clinical Stage IA @entity1149 through VATS (VATS group) or posterolateral thoracotomy (PLT group) at our institution were eligible for the study. The cross-sectional areas of bilateral @entity121 ( @entity121 ) at the lower end of the scapula were obtained by computed tomography preoperatively and one year after surgery. These were quantified with image analysis by two researchers in a blinded manner. Fourteen @entity1 in the VATS group (mean age, 68 years; 8 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ) and 24 @entity1 in the PLT group (mean age, 62 years; 14 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ) were assessed. Postoperative/preoperative ratios of the @entity121 cross-section areas on the surgical side were 89+/-20% (Mean+/-S.D.) in the VATS group and 57+/-16% in the PLT group (P<0.001). Those on the non-surgical side were 89+/-23% in the VATS group and 97+/-16% in the PLT group (P=0.23). We conclude that VATS may prevent @entity194 of @entity121 on the surgical side better than conventional thoracotomy.

title: Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy preserves more XXXX than conventional surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['latissimus dorsi muscle', 'LDM']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['latissimus dorsi muscle']