abstract: INTRODUCTION: We sought to determine why some @entity1 with @entity453 have more platelets that do not activate (express @entity8729 on their surface) despite exposure in vitro to high concentrations of agonists and whether this finding is associated with altered platelet reactivity. METHODS: We assessed platelet activation and the proportion of young platelets with the use of flow cytometry in blood from 50 @entity1 with @entity453 undergoing cardiac catheterization. Ultrastructural characteristics of platelets isolated with the use of a fluorescence activated cell sorter were assessed with the use of electron microscopy. RESULTS: Ultrastructural characteristics of platelets that did not exhibit surface expression of @entity8729 in response to 50 nM thrombin delineated 2 groups; resting platelets devoid of glycogen stores and activated platelets. Because the activated platelets had shed their surface @entity8729 we refer to them as 'previously activated' platelets. To estimate the proportion of 'previously activated' platelets we quantified the percentage of platelets that bound @entity4404 but did not express @entity8729 after exposure to 50 nM thrombin. The fraction of 'previously activated' platelets ranged from 0.3%-4.8% and correlated modestly though positively with the fraction of young platelets (r=0.41, p=0.003). @entity1 with more young platelets tended to have more 'previously activated' platelets and exhibited greater platelet reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: A greater proportion of 'previously activated' platelets is associated with a greater fraction of young platelets and increased platelet reactivity. The presence of 'previously activated' platelets in circulating blood may be a marker of micro or macro @entity715 .

title: Contributions of young platelets and of previously activated platelets to platelet reactivity in XXXX with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 pharmaceuticals (e.g. the lipid regulator @entity8445 and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug @entity3522 ) are an emerging environmental threat in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to evaluate sublethal effects of these two commonly found pharmaceuticals on the protein profiles of marine mussels (Mytilus spp.). Mytilus spp. was exposed to environmentally relevant and elevated concentrations (1 and 1000     g/l respectively) of both drugs for 14   days. In addition, mussels were maintained for seven days post treatment to examine the potential of @entity13367 to recover from such an exposure. Differential protein expression signatures (PES) in the digestive gland of mussels were obtained using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after 7, 14, and 21   days of exposure. Twelve spots were significantly increased or decreased by @entity8445 and/or @entity3522 , seven of which were successfully identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. These proteins were involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress response, protein folding, and immune responses. Changes in the PES over time suggested that mussels were still experiencing oxidative stress for up to seven days post exposure. In addition, a suite of biomarkers comprising @entity2041 transferase, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage were studied. An oxidative stress response was confirmed by biomarker responses. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation using proteomics to assess the potential effects of @entity1 pharmaceuticals on a non-target species in an environmentally-relevant model. The successful application of this proteomic approach supports its potential use in pollution biomonitoring and highlights its ability to aid in the discovery of new biomarkers.

title: A proteomic evaluation of the effects of the pharmaceuticals @entity3522 and XXXX on marine mussels (Mytilus spp.): evidence for chronic sublethal effects on stress-response proteins.

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

answer: @entity8445 :: (MESH:D015248,Chemical) :: ['gemfibrozil']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are thought to have effects on T-cell function and proliferation. Low concentrations of ROS in T cells are a prerequisite for cell survival, and @entity519 can lead to apoptosis/ @entity39 . The cellular redox state of a T cell can also affect T-cell receptor signaling, skewing the immune response. Various T-cell subsets have different redox statuses, and this differential ROS susceptibility could modulate the outcome of an immune response in various disease states. Recent advances in T-cell redox signaling reveal that ROS modulate signaling cascades such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase, @entity10412 ( @entity10412 )/ @entity584 , and JAK/STAT pathways. Also, @entity5 microenvironments, chronic T-cell stimulation leading to replicative senescence, gender, and age affect T-cell susceptibility to ROS, thereby contributing to diverse immune outcomes. Antioxidants such as @entity2041 , @entity14688 , @entity224 dismutase, and catalase balance cellular oxidative stress. T-cell redox states are also regulated by expression of various vitamins and dietary compounds. Changes in T-cell redox regulation may affect the pathogenesis of various @entity1 diseases. Many strategies to control oxidative stress have been employed for @entity66 , including the use of active antioxidants from dietary products and pharmacologic or genetic engineering of antioxidant genes in T cells. Here, we discuss the existence of a complex web of molecules/factors that exogenously or endogenously affect oxidants, and we relate these molecules to potential therapeutics.

title: Redox regulation of T-cell function: from molecular mechanisms to significance in XXXX health and disease.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['increased ROS accumulation']

entities_list: @entity10412 :: ('5293', 'Gene') :: ['phosphoinositide 3-kinase', 'PI3K']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1206 @entity1 with @entity5990 were treated between January 1985 and December 1987, using an interdisciplinary concept that included surgery, endoscopic sphincterotomy, and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Twenty-five per cent of the @entity1 who were admitted for @entity1085 were treated by ESWL, whereas 75% underwent surgery. Mortality of elective treatment for @entity1085 amounted to 0.25% (0.4% in surgery, 0% in ESWL). @entity260 rate was low (4.2% in surgery, 7.0% in ESWL). After ESWL treatment, 80% of the @entity1 were free of stones after a follow-up period of 1 year. Recurrence rate in these @entity1 amounted up to 10%; in seven of 70 @entity1 , mean follow-up period was 6 months after complete disappearance of stones. Twenty-seven per cent of all @entity1 who were admitted for bile duct stones underwent surgery, whereas in the other 73%, calculi were removed via endoscopy. ESWL treatment was used additionally, if necessary. Fragments were left behind in three of 75 @entity1 (4.0%) after surgical treatment, and in 7 of 200 @entity1 (3.5%) after endoscopic and ESWL treatment, respectively. In the latter group, three @entity1 (1.5%) required an additional operation. There were no deaths in either of the groups. The use of ESWL for treatment of @entity1085 needs to be evaluated in long-term follow-up studies. Thus far, surgery remains the dominating method. Endoscopic procedures, eventually combined with ESWL, represent the preferred treatment for @entity1 with bile duct stones.

title: A retrospective analysis of 3 year's experience of an interdisciplinary approach to XXXX including shock-waves.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stones']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstone disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized multicenter trial was to assess the rate of symptomatic @entity834 in @entity1 operated on with low anterior resection for @entity5 and who were intraoperatively randomized to a defunctioning stoma or not. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The introduction of total mesorectal excision surgery as the surgical technique of choice for @entity189 in the lower and mid rectum has led to decreased local recurrence and improved oncological results. Despite these advances, perioperative morbidity remains a major issue, and the most feared complication is symptomatic @entity834 . The role of the defunctioning stoma in regard to @entity834 is controversial and has not been assessed in any randomized trial of sufficient size. METHODS: From December 1999 to June 2005, a total of 234 @entity1 were randomized to a defunctioning loop stoma or no loop stoma. Loop ileostomy or loop transverse colostomy was at the choice of the surgeon. Inclusion criteria for randomization were expected survival >6 months, informed consent, @entity254 < or =7 cm above the anal verge, negative air leakage test, intact anastomotic rings, and absence of major intraoperative adverse events. RESULTS: The overall rate of symptomatic leakage was 19.2% (45 of 234). @entity1 randomized to a defunctioning stoma (n = 116) had leakage in 10.3% (12 of 116) and those without stoma (n = 118) in 28.0% (33 of 118) (odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-6.9; P < 0.001). The need for urgent abdominal reoperation was 8.6% (10 of 116) in those randomized to stoma and 25.4% (30 of 118) in those without (P < 0.001). After a follow-up of median 42 months (range, 6-72 months), 13.8% (16 of 116) of the initially defunctioned @entity1 still had a stoma of any kind, compared with 16.9% (20 of 118) those not defunctioned (not significant). The 30-day mortality after anterior resection was 0.4% (1 of 234) and after elective reversal a defunctioning stoma 0.9% (1 of 111). Median age was 68 years (range, 32-86 years), 45.3% (106 of 234) were females, 79.1% (185 of 234) had preoperative radiotherapy, the level of @entity254 was median 5 cm, and intraoperative @entity190 550 mL, without differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: Defunctioning loop stoma decreased the rate of symptomatic @entity834 and is therefore recommended in low anterior resection for @entity5 .

title: Defunctioning stoma reduces symptomatic @entity834 after low anterior resection of the rectum for XXXX : a randomized multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To measure device-associated @entity281 (DAI) rates, microbiological profiles, bacterial resistance, extra length of stay, and attributable mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) in three Brazilian hospitals that are members of the International @entity580 Control Consortium (INICC). METHODS: Prospective cohort surveillance of DAIs was conducted in five ICUs in three city hospitals in Brazil by applying the definitions of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (CDC-NNIS). RESULTS: Between April 2003 and February 2006, 1 031 @entity1 hospitalized in five ICUs for an aggregate 10 293 days acquired 307 DAIs, a rate of 29.8% or 29.8 DAIs per 1 000 ICU-days. The @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) rate was 20.9 per 1 000 ventilator-days; the rate for central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CVC-BSI) was 9.1 per 1 000 catheter-days; and the rate for catheter-associated @entity293 (CAUTI) was 9.6 per 1 000 catheter-days. Ninety-five percent of all @entity794 DAIs were caused by @entity3256 -resistant strains. Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to @entity2756 in 96.7% of cases, resistant to @entity5505 in 79.3% of cases, and resistant to @entity3400 - @entity7120 in 85.7% of cases. @entity796 DAIs were resistant to @entity2177 in 71.3% of cases, resistant to @entity5505 in 75.5% of cases, and resistant to @entity2892 in 27.7% of cases. @entity1 with DAIs in the ICUs of the hospitals included in this study presented extra mortality rates of 15.3% (RR 1.79, P = 0.0149) for @entity2489 , 27.8% (RR 2.44, P = 0.0004) for CVC-BSI, and 10.7% (RR 1.56, P = 0.2875) for CAUTI. CONCLUSION: The DAI rates were high in the ICUs of the Brazilian hospitals included in this study. @entity1 safety can be improved through the implementation of an active @entity281 control program comprising surveillance of DAIs and @entity281 prevention guidelines. These actions should become a priority in every country.

title: Device-associated @entity281 rates in intensive care units of Brazilian hospitals: findings of the International XXXX Control Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial Infection']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['Nosocomial Infection']


abstract: @entity5 has predominant environmental and somatic causes but the assessment of hereditary (genetic) causes is difficult, except for highly penetrant single-gene causes. Family studies are only partially informative in this regard because family members share diet and life-styles. Twin studies have been classically used to disentangle the effects of heredity and environment on disease etiology. We estimate the genetic and environmental components in @entity14 and @entity320 by comparing @entity5 risks in family members. The Swedish Family- @entity5 Database, comprising more than 6 million individuals, was used as the source of family and @entity5 data. Tetrachoric correlations were used to describe similarity in @entity5 liability among family members. Structural equation modelling was used to derive estimates of the importance of genetic and environmental effects. The estimated genetic component ranged from 10% in colon and @entity14 to 18% in @entity320 . For @entity2 , the share was 14%. If assortative mating were important for liability to @entity5 , these heritability estimates may be an underestimation of the true genetic effects. Non-shared environmental effect was 67-68% in @entity14 and @entity320 , and 71% in @entity2 . Shared and childhood environments were equally important in @entity14 and @entity320 , whereas no childhood effect was observed for @entity2 .

title: Estimation of genetic and environmental components in XXXX and @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and lung cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal and lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: To investigate an outbreak of @entity1902 that occurred following an international rugby test at Eden Park (Auckland, New Zealand) on 17 June 2006. METHOD: 387 patrons were interviewed. Cases were defined as those from one of four hospitality areas who consumed food or beverage at Eden Park on the evening of 17 June 2006 and subsequently suffered from @entity294 or @entity391 ; or, stomach cramps and @entity390 . A case-control study was conducted and food and beverage items associated with @entity221 were identified. Clinical specimens were requested from patrons and food handlers, and leftover foods were analysed for pathogens. A food safety assessment was conducted at the implicated catering premises. RESULTS: A total of 115 cases were identified. Attack rates varied between the four hospitality areas from 8% to 47%. Predominant symptoms among cases included @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity294 , stomach cramps, fever, and chills. The consumption of several foods was associated with an increased risk of @entity221 but the strongest was for raw oysters consumed in Hospitality Area 1 (Risk Ratio 11.9; 95%CI 3.9-36.1; p<0.00001), attack rate 65%. Norovirus (genogroups I and II) was detected in samples provided by four of the cases and three unopened packets of implicated batches of imported Korean @entity6796 ( @entity6796 ) linked to the outbreak. CONCLUSION: This outbreak resulted from consumption of raw imported Korean oysters contaminated by norovirus. Labelling recommending cooking prior to consumption failed to prevent the outbreak.

title: A New Zealand outbreak of norovirus XXXX linked to the consumption of imported raw Korean oysters.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity6796 :: ('29159', 'Species') :: ['Crassostrea gigas', 'Pacific oysters']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: One-hundred-and-sixty male and 123 female subjects with asymptomatic @entity298 (HLP) selected from a health control centre have been studied with a heart rate (HR) controlled exercise test. Ther serum @entity165 and/or TG at screening were above 350 mg/100 ml and 3.5 mmol/l, respectively. As a reference group 49 male and 60 female age-matched subjects from the same centre with serum @entity165 below 300 mg/100 ml and TG below 2.00 mmol/l were investigated using the same technique. Quantitative lipoprotein (LP) analyses and typing were performed on all HLP and control subjects. The subjects were divided into two age groups, 36-50 and above 50 years of age. @entity1 with all types of HLP had lower working capacity, expressed in W170 or W150, than controls, most pronounced in the younger age group. Younger @entity1 with @entity1129 had lower working capacity than their controls. After correction for variation in body weight and age there remained a significantly lower W150, in male types II A (11%) and IV (21%) and female @entity1129 (11%). There was no difference in systolic BP during exercise between controls and HLP. The total exercise time and final HR did not differ in control and HLP subjects. Dynamic spirometry was performed im 102 of the male subjects and a significantly lower vital capacity was found in HLP subjects compared with controls after correction for variation in age, weight and height. No differences were found in the maximal flow values. The observed differences in working capacity between controls and HLP subjects are explained by a difference in @entity64 volume. The lower @entity64 volumes in male types II A and IV and female @entity1129 could be explained by a lower degree of physical fitness, by a common genetic factor resulting in HLP and @entity64 or by a less effective myocardial function in HLP subjects.

title: Studies in asymptomatic XXXX , III. Physical working capacity.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['decreased stroke volume', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperlipidaemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['primary hyperlipidaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the survival of elderly @entity1 hospitalized for acute @entity583 who have emotional support with that of @entity1 who lack such support, while controlling for severity of disease, comorbidity, and functional status. DESIGN: A prospective, community-based cohort study. SETTING: Two hospitals in New Haven, Connecticut. @entity1 : @entity1 (n = 100) and @entity1 (n = 94) 65 years of age or more hospitalized for acute @entity583 between 1982 and 1988. MEASUREMENTS: Social support, age, gender, race, education, marital status, living arrangements, presence of @entity308 , smoking history, weight, and physical function were assessed prospectively using questionnaires. The presence of @entity712 , @entity3126 , and @entity1455 ; the position of @entity1188 ; in-hospital complications; and history of @entity583 were assessed using medical records. Comorbidity was defined using an index based on the presence of eight conditions. RESULTS: Of 194 @entity1 , 76 (39%) died in the first 6 months after @entity583 . In multiple logistic regression analyses, lack of emotional support was significantly associated with 6-month mortality (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.9) after controlling for severity of @entity583 , comorbidity, risk factors such as smoking and @entity101 , and sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS: When emotional support was assessed before @entity583 , it was independently related to risk for @entity204 in the subsequent 6 months.

title: Emotional support and survival after XXXX . A prospective, population-based study of the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical utility and adoption of routinely offered @entity5320 and @entity4433 genotyping ( @entity13323 test) in daily clinical practice of a @entity146 centre. METHOD: We described psychiatrists translations of @entity13323 test results in @entity1 with genotypes indicating poor or ultrarapid metabolizer status and treated with at least one @entity13323 -dependent drug based on a retrospective review of medical records. Complementary, we used ethnographic @entity1 observation and qualitative interviews to identify the barriers and incentives for the use of @entity13323 test results. RESULTS: The cohort study included 101 of 1932 cases genotyped between 2003 and 2009. In 53 of 101 cases, test results were addressed in medical records. The most frequent response was to monitor drug concentrations (23 cases), observe for adverse events (18 cases) and adjust dosage (13 cases). In 33 of 101 cases, results were mentioned in the discharge letter. The ethnographic study indicated a poor adoption of the @entity13323 test in clinical praxis. Test results were lost in workflows and knowledge transfer between laboratory and clinician and were absent from clinical routines, treatment conferences and educational fora. CONCLUSION: The @entity13323 test has not gained foothold in clinical practice, and its potential clinical benefits are not utilized.

title: Utility and adoption of @entity5320 and XXXX genotyping and its translation into @entity146 clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity4433 :: (1557,Gene) :: ['CYP2C19']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Store-operated @entity141 entry is important for cell migration. RESULTS: This study presents characterization of localization and roles of @entity7011 , @entity7010 , and @entity30076 in adhesion dynamics during cell migration. CONCLUSION: @entity7011 and @entity30076 are involved in adhesion formation at the front, whereas @entity7010 participates in both adhesion formation and disassembly. SIGNIFICANCE: Results uncovered new parameters of @entity7011 , @entity7010 , and @entity30076 involvement in cell migration. Store-operated @entity141 entry and its major determinants are known to be important for cell migration, but the mechanism of their involvement in this complex process is unknown. This study presents a detailed characterization of distinct roles of @entity7011 , @entity7010 , and @entity30076 in focal adhesion (FA) formation and migration. Using HEK293 cells, we discovered that although molecular knockdown of @entity7011 , @entity7010 , or @entity30076 resulted in a similar reduction in migration velocity, there were profound differences in their effects on number, localization, and lifetime of FAs. Knockdown of @entity7010 caused an increase in lifetime and number of FAs, their redistribution toward lamellae region, and an increase in cell tail length. In contrast, the number of FAs in @entity7011 - or @entity30076 -deficient cells was significantly reduced, and FAs accumulated closer to the leading edge. Assembly rate and @entity10274 phosphorylation of FAs was similarly reduced in @entity7011 , @entity30076 , or @entity7010 -deficient cells. Although @entity7011 and @entity30076 accumulated and co-localized at the leading edge, @entity7010 distribution was more complex. We found @entity7010 protrusions in lamellipodia, which co-localized with FAs, whereas major accumulation could be seen in central and retracting parts of the cell. Interestingly, knockdown of @entity7011 and @entity30076 produced similar and non-additive effect on migration, whereas knockdown of @entity7010 simultaneously with either @entity7011 or @entity30076 produced additional inhibition. Together these data suggest that although @entity7011 , @entity30076 , and @entity7010 play major roles in formation of new FAs at the leading edge, @entity7010 may also be involved in @entity7011 - and @entity30076 -independent disassembly of FAs in the back of cells.

title: Role of molecular determinants of store-operated @entity141 entry ( @entity7011 , phospholipase A2 group 6, and XXXX ) in focal adhesion formation and cell migration.

answer: @entity7010 :: (6786,Gene) :: ['STIM1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity712 is a frequent complication after acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and carries a poor prognosis. Current treatments inhibit the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system but suppression of @entity1369 may be incomplete. The @entity1369 antagonist @entity1482 has been shown to improve survival in @entity1 with chronic, severe @entity712 . @entity14292 is a selective @entity1369 antagonist expected to have a lower incidence of hormonal side effects than @entity1482 . AIMS: To assess the evidence on the therapeutic value of @entity14292 for treatment of @entity712 in adults. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The evidence base consists of one large double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter randomized trial in over 6000 @entity1 with @entity1188 ( @entity583 ) @entity712 , comparing @entity14292 plus standard therapy with placebo plus standard therapy. All the main outcomes were @entity1 -oriented. Evidence from this trial shows that @entity14292 improves survival and reduces cardiovascular hospitalization/mortality, compared with standard treatment alone. The incidence of hormonal side effects is no greater than with placebo. The risk of @entity4144 is significantly increased, especially in @entity1 with low @entity1011 clearance. @entity14292 was both more effective and more costly than standard treatment alone. The cost-effectiveness ratio has been estimated at  US10 402-21 876 per life-year gained. PLACE IN THERAPY: @entity14292 reduces mortality compared with current treatment alone in @entity1 with @entity583 , at additional cost. Direct comparative evidence is needed to assess its efficacy versus @entity1482 . It may be valuable in @entity1 who are intolerant to the hormonal side effects of @entity1482 .

title: XXXX : the evidence for its place in the treatment of @entity712 after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone', 'Eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI heart failure', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity14292 :: (MESH:C414690,Chemical) :: ['Eplerenone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new, long-acting local anaesthetic @entity1342 has shown less systemic @entity137 than @entity1341 and a concentration of 7.5 mg/ml can therefore be used for epidural anaesthesia in Caesarean section. The present pilot study was undertaken to find indications for an optimal dosage by comparing the clinical effects, quality of anaesthesia and pharmacokinetics of @entity1342 150 mg (lower dose = LD) vs 187.5 mg (higher dose = @entity2033 ) for @entity1 undergoing elective Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. METHODS: Sixteen full-term @entity1 scheduled for elective Caesarean section in two equal-sized consecutive groups received 20 or 25 ml @entity1342 epidurally in this non-randomised, open study. Study parameters included sensory and motor blockade, circulatory response, intraoperative @entity158 and discomfort, neonatal evaluation and pharmacokinetic determinations. RESULTS: Block height varied between T5 and T2 in the LD group, whereas the @entity2033 group produced 4 unnecessarily high blocks (C8 in 3 @entity1 and C7 in 1 @entity1 ). Surgical anaesthesia was excellent in both groups. Circulatory stability was pronounced in the LD group (no ephedrine given), while 4 @entity1 required @entity6358 in the @entity2033 group. Neonatal outcome as judged by Apgar scores; umbilical blood gas determinations and NACS scores were excellent in both groups. The plasma concentration-time profiles indicated linearity in the concentration range studied, with similar clearance values to those reported previously. Placental drug equilibrium was rapid; however, the foetal drug exposure depended on intrauterine exposure time. CONCLUSIONS: 20-25 ml @entity1342 7.5 mg/ml produced very satisfactory conditions for elective Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. In this small population, 150 mg @entity1342 seemed optimal, while 187.5 mg produced unnecessarily extended block height in 50% of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX 7.5 mg/ml for elective caesarean section. A clinical and pharmacokinetic comparison of 150 mg and 187.5 mg.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['Ropivacaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1311 and @entity3003 in the treatment of previously untreated @entity1 with metastatic @entity151 ( @entity151 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were aged 18 to 75 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score < or = 2 and life expectancy > or = 12 weeks. @entity1311 (200 mg/m(2)) was infused over 3 hours, before @entity3003 (area under the curve [AUC] 6; Calvert formula) infused over 1 hour, once every 3 weeks for six cycles maximum. @entity617 , @entity38206 , and @entity5616 were standard premedication. Response to treatment was assessed every two cycles, and nonresponding @entity1 were withdrawn from the trial to receive standard chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 50 @entity1 entering the study, 48 and 46 @entity1 were assessable for @entity137 and response, respectively. The overall response rate was 65%, with complete responses in three @entity1 . Five @entity1 had stable disease (11%) and 11 @entity1 experienced @entity74 (24%). Median survival was 38 weeks, and median duration of response was 20 weeks. One-year survival was 22.5%. For a total of 232 cycles, grade 3 and 4 @entity137 was 33% for @entity1398 , 3.5% for @entity882 , and 4% for @entity417 . Four @entity1 had @entity221 (one @entity137 ). Nonhematologic @entity137 was mainly grade 1 and 2 paresthesia (21% of @entity1 ); grade 3 @entity925 / @entity4841 was observed in 6.5% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: First-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 in metastatic @entity151 achieved a response rate and survival similar to standard regimens. With 1-day administration and a tolerable @entity137 profile, this combination merits further investigation.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX and @entity3003 in metastatic @entity151 : a Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic death']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity38206 :: ('MESH:C018904', 'Chemical') :: ['dexchlorpheniramine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine soft tissue @entity5 recurrences and posttherapeutic soft tissue changes in @entity1 with a diffusion-weighted steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence. Twenty-four @entity1 with 29 pathologies of the pelvis or the extremities were examined. The lesions were classified as follows: group 1, recurrent viable @entity5 (n = 10); group 2, postoperative @entity3609 (n = 7); and group 3, posttherapeutic reactive inflammatory muscle changes (n = 12). The sequence protocol in these @entity1 consisted of short tau inversion recovery images, T2-weighted @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ), pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted @entity9468 images and the diffusion-weighted SSFP sequence. The signal loss on diffusion-weighting was evaluated visually on a four-grade scale and quantitatively. The signal intensities were measured in regions of interest and a regression analysis was performed. Statistical analyses was performed utilizing the Student's t-test. The signal loss was significantly higher for @entity3609 and @entity4 muscle changes than for recurrent @entity5 (p < 0.001) indicating higher diffusion of water protons. The regression coefficient was -0.11 (mean) for @entity5 . @entity3609 had a significantly higher signal loss than inflammatory @entity4 muscle changes (p < 0.01). The regression coefficients were -0.29 (mean) for @entity3609 and -0.22 (mean) for @entity4 muscle changes. The SSFP sequence seems to be a suitable method for diffusion-weighted @entity85 in @entity1 . These preliminary results suggest that the signal loss and the regression coefficients can be used to characterize different types of tissue.

title: Diffusion-weighted imaging of @entity5 recurrencies and posttherapeutical soft-tissue changes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['Hygromas', 'hygromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['imaging of the musculoskeletal system']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: To assess the feasibility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and establish reference values for ABPM in normal @entity1 and adolescents, 24-hour ABPM was performed in 120 normotensive, nonobese subjects, aged from 6 to 14 years (58 males, age 10.1 +/- 2.8 years; 62 females, age 9.7 +/- 3.1 years; mean +/- SD). The subjects were classified into three age groups: group A (6-8 years, n=40, 23 males, 17 females), group B (9-11 years, n=40, 21 males, 19 females), and group C (11-14 years, n=40, 18 males, 22 females). ABPM was carried out using an oscillometric device with appropriate cuff size. The monitor was programmed to measure BP every 15 min during the day (6 a.m. to 10 p.m.) and every 30 min during the night (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.). Successful rates (recording time=24 hours and > 40 recordings) were 83%, 88%, and 93% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The recordings of 15 subjects (7 in group A, 5 in group B, 3 in group C) were not analyzed because of incomplete readings. The 24-hour mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure ( @entity13519 / @entity13520 ) for males and females were 106 +/- 7/65 +/- 5 and 105 +/- 6/64 +/- 5, 110 +/- 6/66 +/- 5 and 109 +/- 5/65 +/- 4, and 115 +/- 7/67 +/- 6 and 113 +/- 6/66 +/- 4 mmHg in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The daytime mean @entity13519 /DBPfor males and females were 110 +/- 7/73 +/- 4 and 109 +/- 8/72 +/- 5, 117 +/- 5/75 +/- 4 and 115 +/- 8/74 +/- 6, and 122 +/- 6/76 +/- 4 and 120 +/- 7/75 +/- 6 mmHg in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The nighttime mean @entity13519 / @entity13520 for the corresponding sex and age groups were 97 +/- 8/58 +/- 5 and 95 +/- 7/57 +/- 6, 101 +/- 8/59 +/- 6 and 99 +/- 7/57 +/- 5, and 105 +/- 7/58 +/- 5 and 103 +/- 6/56 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively. The first fall in BP appeared after lunch (approximately 1:00 pm) and the second fall appeared during the night hours (11:00 pm to 6:00 am). There was a significant correlation between 24-hour mean ambulatory @entity13519 and age (r=0.48, P < 0.001). In contrast, ambulatory @entity13520 and age were not significantly correlated. A nocturnal fall of @entity13519 / @entity13520 was observed in all age- and sex-subgroups. This study showed that ABPM was reproducible and accurate. The normal ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) values in the pediatric age group have not been reported in Taiwan. The distribution of ABP observed in this study could serve as a preliminary reference. A multicenter study may be done to provide normal ranges of ABP in Taiwan for clinical purposes. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of ABPM in @entity1 .

title: Oscillometric ambulatory blood pressure values in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To discuss results and possible complications of combined, simultaneous operations of @entity231 and @entity726 . MATERIAL: 21 @entity1 suffering from @entity231 and @entity726 ; 16 @entity1 , aged from 59 to 88 years, and 5 @entity1 from 66 to 84 years. The @entity1 were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy in Bia  ystok in the years 1991 to 1996. METHODS: Intracapsular extraction of @entity231 with lens implantation to the anterior chamber and trabeculectomy was performed in 3 @entity1 with @entity1538 and hypermatured or brown @entity231 . In 7 @entity1 only extracapsular @entity231 extraction was carried out along with trabeculectomy, whereas in 11 remaining ones--trabeculectomy with extracapsular removal of @entity231 followed by implantation of lens to the posterior chamber (10 subjects) or anterior chamber (1 subject). RESULTS: Postoperative visual acuity was 5/50-5/16 in 28% of @entity1 . In the remaining 72% it amounted to 5/12 or more. Intraoperative and early @entity260 occurred in 15 @entity1 (71%), but they were only transitory. Delayed follow-up demonstrated that visual acquity had not worsened as compared to the preoperative status, though @entity227 in 3 cases. Intraocular pressure was within normal limits in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Combined, simultaneous operation of @entity726 and @entity231 does not seem to give rise to more complications than both procedures performed separately.

title: [Combined operations of XXXX and @entity726 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deteriorated']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['simple glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Two common prophylactic measures to prevent @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) in @entity1 after orthopedic lower limb surgeries are pneumatic foot and @entity291 compression and antithrombotic treatment. These preventive measures differ in their mechanisms of operation. Antithrombotic agents are aimed to minimize the risk of clot formation, whereas pneumatic foot and @entity291 compression therapy prevents @entity2979 , which is a primary factor leading to @entity715 formation in @entity1 with leg @entity130 . @entity1150 , however, is not the only consequence of @entity1 immobility and @entity2979 . Additional sequelae of @entity2979 include @entity4 and @entity158 resulting from the increase in venous pressures and change of normal compartmental circulatory pressures. We therefore hypothesized in the present study that antithrombotic treatment alone is not as effective as combined with pneumatic foot compression in reducing limb swelling and @entity158 . Forty-eight @entity1 after total knee arthroplasty participated in this randomized, controlled study. Low-molecular-weight heparin was the prophylactic measure used for the control group, whereas the pneumatic compression group received low-molecular-weight heparin and foot compression therapy for approximately 7 days after surgery. @entity4 and @entity158 were significantly reduced for the foot compression group in relation to the control group. Ultrasound and venography demonstrated no significant @entity1150 in either group. We conclude that foot compression therapy is an important prophylactic addition to antithrombotic treatment in overcoming the hazardous clinical implications of @entity2979 .

title: Sequential foot compression reduces XXXX and @entity158 after total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb swelling', 'Lower limb swelling']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['lower limb swelling']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess inter-observer agreement in the interpretation of renal angiograms. DESIGN: Comparison of the assessment of renal angiograms by three experienced radiologists, who evaluated the number of renal arteries and the presence, location, aspect and severity of a @entity2791 . SETTING: General hospital and university hospital serving urban and rural populations. @entity1 : @entity1 with difficult-to-treat @entity101 referred for diagnostic work-up; 312 angiograms with the intra-arterial digital subtraction technique were obtained from 289 consecutive @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Inter-observer agreement was tested for the following parameters: number of arteries per kidney, presence of @entity850 , location of @entity850 (truncal, ostial), aspect of @entity850 (concentric, eccentric, post-stenotic dilatation), severity of @entity850 (reduction of lumen diameter in categories of 30%, 40%, etc. to 100%), and overall quality of the angiographic images. Kappa (kappa) values and weighted kappa between the three pairs of radiologists were used as estimates of inter-observer agreement RESULTS: Agreement about the number of renal arteries was reasonable (kappa = 0.50-0.72), as was agreement about the presence of @entity850 (kappa = 0.68-0.86). Agreement about @entity850 location and aspect was poor (kappa = 0.26-0.47 and kappa = 0.15-0.26, respectively). There was general agreement about the severity of @entity850 (weighted kappa = 0.65-0.70), but it was not possible to distinguish between 50 and 60% @entity850 or between 60 and 70% @entity850 (kappa < 0.40). No correlation was found between agreement on severity of @entity850 and the quality of the images. CONCLUSIONS: It is not realistic to make statements about what degree of @entity2791 is clinically significant, as long as the intra-arterial angiogram with digital subtraction remains the gold standard. It is likewise risky to rely too strongly on @entity850 morphology as visualized by renal angiography in choosing between balloon angioplasty and stent deployment.

title: Inter-observer variability in the angiographic assessment of XXXX . DRASTIC study group. Dutch @entity2791 Intervention Cooperative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['renal artery stenosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Mutations of the @entity817 ( @entity817 ) have been detected in @entity75 and @entity1377 of the thyroid, and identification of these mutations could be useful in resolving some diagnostic problems. OBJECTIVE: To develop a method to evaluate mutations of @entity817 that could provide results much more rapidly than conventional polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing assays. DESIGN: An assay using a LightCycler was developed to evaluate DNA sequences encoding @entity1522 within the activation loop of @entity817 . RESULTS: Using this real-time polymerase chain reaction method, we analyzed 55 @entity982 -embedded @entity320 or nevus samples. The @entity8554 mutation was found in 0 (0%) of 13 samples diagnosed histologically as Spitz nevi, 9 (24.3%) of 37 invasive @entity320 , and 5 (100%) of 5 other @entity8205 . Two additional mutations, @entity16232 and VK600-1E, also were identified in cases of @entity320 . We analyzed 14 @entity982 -embedded @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) samples, 6 of which showed the @entity8554 mutation. We found that our test worked efficiently with fine-needle aspirate specimens, and it identified 6 @entity8554 mutations in 10 fine-needle aspirate specimens diagnosed as @entity3557 . We also identified 4 @entity8554 mutations in 6 specimens of @entity3557 metastatic to lymph node. Unlike the @entity75 , the @entity3557 specimens yielded only @entity8554 mutations. Comparison of our real-time polymerase chain reaction results with conventional polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing demonstrated 100% concordance. Surprisingly, we did not identify the previously reported VK600-1E or @entity32178 mutations in our @entity3557 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the real-time polymerase chain reaction method is a rapid and accurate method for identifying @entity817 mutations, such as @entity8554 , in both @entity982 -embedded tissue and fine-needle aspirate specimens.

title: @entity817 mutations in @entity75 and XXXX samples identified using melting curve analysis of polymerase chain reaction products.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity817 :: ('673', 'Gene') :: ['proto-oncogene B-raf', 'BRAF']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'invasive melanoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (CRFR2ASO) of @entity2339 in @entity2495 in @entity35 with severe burn. METHODS: Stainless-steel cannula were implanted into the 3rd ventricle. According to different medicine delivered into the 3rd ventricle, 30 SD @entity35 with 30% TBSA full-thickness burn were divided randomly into burn control group (BC, with injection of 3 microL saline), @entity18498 ODN group (with injection of CRFR1ODN 10 microg), @entity18498 ASO group (with injection of CRFR1ASO 10 microg), @entity35947 ODN group(with injection of CRFR2ODN 10 microg), @entity35947 ASO group (with injection of @entity35947 ASO 10 microg), with 6 @entity35 in each group. Another 6 @entity35 served as normal control (NC) and they received isotonic saline 3 microL instead. Different medicines were respectively delivered into respective group on 5, 6 @entity130 ( @entity130 ), then 3 microL gentian violet was introduced on 7 @entity130 . Resting energy expenditure (REE) value and the expression level of @entity2339 @entity35947 mRNA and @entity35947 protein were determined. RESULTS: REE value in BC, CRFR1ODN, CRFR1ASO, CRFR2ODN, @entity35947 ASO groups was 11 840 +/- 987, 11 133 +/- 1100, 10 733 +/- 1338, 11 123 +/- 1321, 7563 +/- 890 kJx(m2)(-1)xd(-1), respectively, which were obviously higher than that in BC group [6641 +/- 526 kJx(m2)(-1)xd(-1), P < 0.05]. REE value in @entity35947 ASO group was obviously lower than that in @entity35947 ODN group (P < 0.01). The expression level of @entity2339 @entity35947 mRNA and its protein in BC group were increased after burn, which were obviously lower in @entity35947 ASO group than NC group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Central application of @entity35947 ASO can downregulate the expression level of @entity2339 @entity35947 mRNA and its protein, and reduce @entity2495 . Hypothalamus @entity35947 may mediate @entity2495 in burn @entity35 .

title: [Role of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of @entity2339 in XXXX in @entity35 with severe burn].

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'post injury day']

answer: @entity2495 :: (MESH:C565498,Disease) :: ['hypermetabolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity102 media (CSOM) is a common disease especially in developing countries. In Lebanon, CSOM is a frequent complaint. This retrospective study is an objective evaluation of the cases we operated in HDF. METHODS: One hundred and forty cases of CSOM were collected between 1993 and 1997: 88/140 cases were simple CSOM and the others 52/140 cases had @entity3540 . RESULTS: There were no immediate @entity260 reported (< 6 weeks). Beyond 6 weeks, with a mean follow-up of 20 months, 15% of the @entity1 were lost for follow-up and we had 93.4% of success rate in CSOM and 88% in @entity3540 . The recurrence rate of @entity3540 was 14%. @entity1 's @entity3540 (below 15 years of age) were more @entity146 than adult's @entity3540 . In CSOM without @entity3540 , the @entity393 was 5 dB. In CSOM with @entity3540 the mean @entity393 was 4 dB. In conclusion the study revealed the importance of this pathology in our country with the relative high incidence of @entity3540 compared to simple CSOM, this could be explained by the chronicity of the disease and the lack of preventive measures.

title: [ XXXX media. Experience with 140 cases at the Hotel-Dieu of France].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic suppurative otitis']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatomas', 'cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing gain']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic suppurative otitis']


abstract: The neurovascular unit provides a dynamic interface between the circulation and central nervous system. Disruption of neurovascular integrity occurs in numerous brain pathologies including neurotrauma and @entity64 . @entity1456 is a @entity563 protease that converts plasminogen to @entity1351 , a protease that dissolves @entity4461 . Besides its role in fibrinolysis, @entity1456 is abundantly expressed in the brain where it mediates extracellular proteolysis. However, proteolytically active @entity1456 also promotes @entity531 after @entity64 ; the molecular mechanisms of this process are still unclear. @entity1456 is naturally inhibited by @entity563 protease inhibitors (serpins): @entity2289 , @entity26016 or protease nexin-1 that results in the formation of serpin:protease complexes. Proteases and serpin:protease complexes are cleared through high-affinity binding to low-density lipoprotein receptors, but their binding to these receptors can also transmit extracellular signals across the plasma membrane. The matrix metalloproteinases are the second major proteolytic system in the @entity1 brain, and like tissue plasminogen activators are pivotal to neurological function but can also degrade structures of the neurovascular unit after injury. Herein, we show that @entity1456 potentiates @entity16 in a dose-dependent manner in a @entity19 model of neurotrauma. Surprisingly, inhibition of activity following administration of @entity2289 significantly increased cerebrovascular permeability. This led to our finding that formation of complexes between @entity1456 and @entity2289 in the brain parenchyma facilitates post-traumatic @entity16 . We demonstrate that following @entity130 , the complex binds to low-density lipoprotein receptors, triggering the induction of @entity18238 . Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of @entity18238 attenuates neurovascular permeability and improves neurological function in injured @entity19 . Our results are clinically relevant, because concentrations of @entity1456 : @entity2289 complex and @entity18238 are significantly elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of @entity130 @entity1 and correlate with neurological outcome. In a separate study, we found that @entity18238 and albumin, a marker of @entity16 , were significantly increased in brain tissue of @entity1 with neurotrauma. @entity531 causing @entity4 , @entity32 and cell death is an important cause of acute and long-term @entity51 after @entity130 . A role for the @entity1456 -matrix metalloproteinase axis in promoting @entity531 after neurotrauma has not been described thus far. Targeting @entity1456 : @entity2289 complex signalling or downstream @entity18238 induction may provide viable therapeutic strategies to reduce cerebrovascular permeability after neurotrauma.

title: The tissue-type plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 complex promotes @entity531 in brain trauma: evidence from XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity18238 :: ('17392(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-3']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular damage', 'neurovascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue plasminogen activator', 'tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular disruption', 'Perturbation of neurovascular homeostasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1486 is proposed to contain a single beta-ketothiolase activity participating in the formation of @entity29709 , a precursor for @entity13099 ( @entity13100 ) synthesis, and in beta-oxidation (Manchak, J., Page, W.J., 1994. Control of @entity14059 synthesis in @entity1486 UWD. Microbiology 140, 953-963). We designed a degenerate oligonucleotide from a highly conserved region among bacterial beta-ketothiolases and used it to identify bktA, a gene with a deduced protein product with a high similarity to beta-ketothiolases. Immediately downstream of bktA, we identified a gene called hbdH, which encodes a protein exhibiting similarity to @entity19137 and @entity29708 dehydrogenases. Two regions with homology to bktA were also observed. One of these was cloned and allowed the identification of the phbA gene, encoding a second beta-ketothiolase. Strains EV132, EV133, and GM1 carrying bktA, hbdH and phbA mutations, respectively, as well as strain EG1 carrying both bktA and phbA mutations, were constructed. The hbdH mutation had no effect on @entity29708 dehydrogenase activity or on @entity844 assimilation. The bktA mutation had no effect on beta-ketothiolase activity, @entity13100 synthesis or @entity844 assimilation, whereas the phbA mutation significantly reduced beta-ketothiolase activity and @entity13100 accumulation, showing that this is the beta-ketothiolase involved in @entity13100 biosynthesis. Strain EG1 was found to grow under beta-oxidation conditions and to possess beta-ketothiolase activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the presence of three genes coding for beta-ketothiolases in A. vinelandii.

title: Beta-ketothiolase genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity13099 :: ('MESH:C003182', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity19137 :: ('CHEBI:20060', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity29709 :: ('MESH:C010667', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity29708 :: ('MESH:C030372', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity14059 :: ('CHEBI:53387', 'Chemical') :: ['polyhydroxyalkanoate']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Species') :: ['Azotobacter vinelandii', 'Azotobacter vinelandii strain']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Species) :: ['Azotobacter vinelandii']


abstract: A 44-year-old @entity1 presenting with atypical @entity146 and hypokaliemia was diagnosed with @entity699 and treated in emergency by bilateral adrenalectomy. Endocrine investigations were suggestive of an ectopic adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) secretion, both at baseline (mean ACTH levels = 215 pg/mL, beta-lipotropic hormone = 2329 pg/mL; molar ratio > 5) and after pharmacodynamic testing (lack of inhibition of ACTH by @entity619 , blunted ACTH response to corticotropin releasing hormone). Ectopic ACTH secretion was investigated while pituitary ACTH secretion was suppressed by @entity619 . A paradoxical rise of ACTH from 384 to 717 pg/mL was observed after subcutaneous administration of 500 micrograms octreotide. @entity2 that remained occult for 7 years was only revealed by @entity2390 scintigraphy, despite annual chest tomodensitometric examinations. Right inferior lung lobectomy allowed allowed for removal of a 13 mm @entity5 corresponding to a @entity153 with positive immunostaining for ACTH. Mediastinal lymph nodes were histologically normal. Perioperative ACTH measurements, showing a more than 50% decrease from baseline at 15 minutes after @entity5 resection, were suggestive of @entity5 removal. This was confirmed 10 days postoperatively by undetectable ACTH levels and by a negative octreotide scintigraphy after surgery. This case report of an occult ACTH secreting @entity153 illustrates the diagnostic value of octreotide scintigraphy, and the prognostic value of perioperative ACTH measurements in such cases.

title: [ @entity699 disclosing XXXX : value of scintigraphy with octreotide].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['maniac behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['A right lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchial neuroendocrine carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and long-term results after @entity585 treatment of recurrent @entity811 associated with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 80 @entity1 , aged 62-86 (mean 74) years, of whom 50 received @entity585 5 mg once daily for 4 years and 30 were used as controls. @entity1 with @entity177 and @entity1503 were excluded. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of @entity811 (minor, moderate, severe). All @entity1 were followed up at 3, 12, 24 and 48 months. RESULTS: The follow-up ranged from 8 to 48 (mean 22) months in the @entity585 group and 3-42 (mean 23) months in the control group. @entity811 recurrence rates were 6/50 (12%) and 23/30 (77%) in the @entity585 and control groups, respectively. Surgical treatment was needed in 6 @entity1 of the @entity585 group and 19 of the control group. @entity1 with minor @entity811 experienced no recurrence of symptoms in the @entity585 group in contrast to 13 of 17 @entity1 in the control group. For the @entity1 with moderate @entity811 , recurrence of symptoms was observed in 3 of 13 in the @entity585 group and 3 of 5 in the control group. Three of six @entity1 with severe @entity811 had a recurrence of symptoms after @entity585 treatment in contrast to 7 of 8 in the control group. CONCLUSION: @entity585 has proved to be a safe, well tolerable and effective medication in reducing or preventing recurrent @entity811 related to @entity1067 .

title: @entity585 : a long-term follow-up in the treatment of recurrent @entity811 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['Finasteride', 'finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy, severe hepatic or renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria', 'Hematuria']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutagen sensitivity tested with @entity1732 can determine a susceptible phenotype, which is relevant only in organs and tissues that have direct contact with the external environment. @entity1 with @entity135 have more mutagen sensitivity than control subjects without @entity5 , and the hypersensitive phenotype has a risk for the development of a second @entity5 . @entity135 , however, represent a heterogeneous group of @entity5 . The biological behavior of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) and other @entity135 differs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the difference in mutagen sensitivity among @entity1 without @entity5 , @entity1 with @entity189 , @entity1 with oral or @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity1 with laryngeal or @entity5 (LHC). DESIGN: Peripheral blood was cultured at 37 degrees C, using 5% @entity544 , for 72 hours. After 67 hours of incubation, @entity1732 in a concentration of 30 IU/L was added to induce chromatid breaks. The number of chromatid breaks per cell was scored in 50 metaphases of cultured lymphocytes and compared in the 4 groups. SUBJECTS: @entity1 with histologically proven @entity957 of the mucosa of the upper digestive tract, which included 3 groups: @entity1 with @entity189 , @entity1 with @entity5 , and those with LHC. Control subjects were hospital inpatients with no @entity5 history. There were 35 @entity1 in each group. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) number of breaks per cell in the control group and in the groups with @entity189 , @entity5 , and LHC were 0.80 (+/-0.32), 1.03 (+/-0.45), 1.30 (+/-0.44), and 1.35 (+/-0.46), respectively. All the @entity5 groups had significantly higher mean breaks per cell and a higher prevalence of @entity56 than the control group. @entity1 with @entity189 had a significantly lower mean number of breaks per cell than the group with @entity5 or that with LHC. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity189 had less mutagen sensitivity than those with @entity5 or LHC. Our results support the clinical and epidemiological findings of a difference between @entity189 and other @entity135 . Environmental factors might play a less pronounced role in the carcinogenesis of @entity189 .

title: Increased mutagen sensitivity in @entity1 with @entity135 is less pronounced in XXXX with @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers', 'Head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'oropharyngeal cancer', 'primary cancer', 'ORC', 'hypopharyngeal cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin sulfate', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The empiric antibiotic treatment of @entity1320 is in constant evolution. Monotherapy appears to be a desirable goal because of the simplicity of its administration, lack of toxic effects and wide spectrum. @entity1 AND METHODS: A multicentre, prospective, randomized, open study was carried out to compare two antibiotic regimens in the treatment of @entity1320 in @entity1 undergoing surgery. Ninety-eight consecutive @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups. One group ( @entity7419 , n = 51) received @entity2889 (1 g/8 h) and the other (GCM, n = 47) a combination of @entity3524 (2 g/8 h) plus @entity16909 (0.5 g/8 h). Clinical and bacteriological responses were assessed at the end of treatment and at 2-4 weeks. RESULTS: The severity of @entity1 as assessed by the APACHE II score was similar in both groups ( @entity7419 : 7.2 and GCM: 8.1). Three @entity1 in each group could not be evaluated due to premature interruption of treatment or deviation from the protocol. The mean duration of treatment was 7.4 days in @entity7419 and 7.9 days in GCM. A satisfactory clinical response was obtained in 95% of @entity1 in both groups. 31 @entity1 (61%) in @entity7419 and 26 @entity1 (55%) in GCM were bacteriologically evaluable. Bacteriological erradication was achieved in 94% of @entity1 in @entity7419 and in 92% of @entity1 in GCM. CONCLUSION: @entity2889 is a good alternative for single antibiotic therapy in @entity1320 of moderate severity.

title: [Prospective randomized trial of @entity2889 versus XXXX and metronidazole in the treatment of @entity1320 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem', 'Meropenem']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity16909 :: ('CHEBI:6909', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazol']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['cefotaxime']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of risk factors for @entity170 in a population-based cohort of Australian-born midlife @entity1 ; determine the effect of these risk factors on premenopausal and early perimenopausal @entity79 ( @entity79 ); and describe changes in risk factors and any effect of these on @entity604 . DESIGN: 4-year longitudinal community-based study. @entity79 of the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). SETTING: Melbourne, Australia @entity1 : 224 Australian-born @entity1 aged 46-56 years MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk factors for @entity170 , @entity79 , FN- @entity79 , and change in risk factors and @entity79 . RESULTS: At baseline, 52% reported a @entity460 intake of less than 800 mg/day and 46% reported a @entity5834 intake of more than 360 mg/day; 29% exercised less than 1.5 hours/week; 5% had a body mass index (BMI) of less than 20; 14% were current smokers; 23% were past smokers; 10% reported abnormal menstrual histories; and 25% reported a family history of @entity170 . @entity79 was positively associated with weight; BMI; and waist, hip, and trunk skin-fold measure (P less than .0005). At 4-year follow-up, there were increases in weight (P less than .0005), waist/hip ratio (P less than. 05), trunk skin-fold measurements (P less than.005), and @entity460 intake (P less than.05). In @entity1 who became late perimenopausal or postmenopausal, @entity604 was associated with time in relation to the final menstrual period but not with other variables. CONCLUSIONS: There are multiple risk factors for @entity170 in this Australian-born population of midlife @entity1 , but only anthropometric variables were associated with @entity79 at baseline. Significant changes during the menopausal transition in anthropometric variables and @entity460 intake were in the direction that could decrease the risk of @entity170 but were not found to affect menopausal @entity604 .

title: Risk factors for XXXX : prevalence, change, and association with bone density.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'LS-BMD', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: AIM: @entity255 is the most common infectious complication of ERCP. In vitro studies showed that addition of @entity581 to contrast medium was effective in reducing @entity255 but the results of clinical trials are conflicting. We studied the effect of adding @entity801 to contrast medium in reducing the rate of post-ERCP @entity255 in @entity1 with non- @entity3883 . METHODS: All @entity1 with non- @entity3883 who underwent endoscopic biliary stenting at the Shariati Hospital, Tehran, between December 2009 and October 2010 were enrolled in the study. @entity801 (10  mg) or distilled water was added to each 10  cc contrast medium during ERCP. Intravenous antibiotics were administered before and after the procedure in all @entity1 . After ERCP and stent deployment, @entity1 were followed for 72  h for symptoms and signs of @entity255 . RESULTS: A total of 114 @entity1 were eligible for the study. Of these, 57 @entity1 were included in each group. @entity201 was the most prevalent diagnosis. The obstruction was relieved in all @entity1 by stenting. Five @entity1 in each group (8.8  %) developed @entity255 . There was no significant difference in the incidence of @entity255 between the two groups (p   =   1.000). CONCLUSIONS: With adequate drainage of the obstructed biliary tract by proper stenting, adding @entity801 to contrast media had no significant effect on incidence of post-ERCP @entity255 .

title: The effect of adding @entity801 to contrast media for prevention of XXXX after biliary stenting for non-calculous biliary obstruction, a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['calculous obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangitis', 'cholangitis']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['cholangitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity935 receptor (DR) and @entity1943 receptor subtype expression in @entity977 may predict the response to postsurgical therapies. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to assess and compare the mRNA levels of @entity5958 -5 and @entity1943 receptors 1-5 in normal pituitaries (NPs), nonfunctioning @entity977 (NFPAs), and @entity10759 . In addition, we determined whether the level of DR expression correlates with the in vivo response to octreotide-LAR in acromegalic @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : Eight NPs, 30 NFPAs, and 39 @entity10759 were analyzed for receptor mRNA levels by real-time RT-PCR. The DR2 short variant was estimated as the DR2 long/DR2 total (DR2T). The relationship between DR expression and the postsurgical response to octreotide-LAR was assessed in 19 of the acromegalic @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity4106 was not detected. The relationship between expression levels of DR subtypes in NPs and @entity10759 was DR2T> @entity4107 > @entity3049 > @entity5958 , whereas in NFPAs, DR2T> @entity4107 > @entity5958 > @entity3049 . The DR2 short variant was the predominant DR2 variant in the majority of samples. In acromegalics treated with octreotide-LAR, @entity5958 was negatively correlated with percent GH reduction (3 months: r = -0.67, P = 0.002; and 6 months: r = -0.58, P = 0.009), and @entity3049 was positively correlated with percent @entity442 reduction (3 months: r = 0.55, P = 0.01; and 6 months: r = 0.47, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: DR2 is the predominant DR subtype in NPs, NFPAs, and @entity10759 . The fact that @entity5958 , @entity4107 , and @entity3049 are also expressed in many @entity652 tested suggests that these receptors might also play a role in the therapeutic impact of postsurgical medical therapies in @entity1 with NFPA and @entity2012 . This was supported by the finding that the in vivo response to octreotide-LAR was negatively associated with @entity5958 and positively associated with @entity3049 .

title: Expression analysis of @entity935 receptor subtypes in normal XXXX pituitaries, nonfunctioning @entity977 and @entity10759 , and the association between @entity935 and @entity1943 receptors with clinical response to octreotide-LAR in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['somatotropinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term outcome of surgically treated Chiari-related @entity1644 . METHODS: The medical charts of 157 consecutive surgically treated @entity1 with Chiari-related @entity1644 were retrospectively analyzed. Factors predicting outcome, either clinical or radiological, are discussed, and our results are compared with those of other large series in the literature. RESULTS: The study included 74 @entity1 and 83 @entity1 (age range, 16-75 years; mean age at surgery, 38.3 years). @entity158 and sensory disturbance were the most frequent initial symptoms. The average duration of preoperative symptoms was 8.2 years. The follow-up period ranged from 82 to 204 months (median, 88 months). At the end of the study, 99 @entity1 (63.06%) had improved, 48 (30.58%) had stabilized, 9 (5.73%) had worsened, and 1 (0.63%) had died during the postoperative period. Factors predicting improvement or stabilization were young age at the time of surgery and clinical signs of @entity428 . Factors associated with a poor outcome were older age at the time of surgery, @entity2443 , and a clinical feature of long-tract @entity73 . The presence of @entity2443 or of basilar invagination was associated with poor clinical presentation (P = 0.05 and 0.0001, respectively). The extent of the cyst on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was a predictor of poor clinical outcome (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed that surgery is an effective and safe treatment of Chiari-related @entity1644 , with a 90% chance of long-term stabilization or improvement on average. Surgery should be proposed as soon as possible in @entity1 with clearly progressing clinical features.

title: Long-term follow-up of Chiari-related XXXX in adults: analysis of 157 surgically treated cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) induced bone regeneration and osseointegration was evaluated in @entity154 created within the hollow chamber of endosseous dental implants in 14 foxhound @entity235 . Bilateral extractions of mandibular premolars were performed and surgical implantation of 104 hollow cylinder implants followed after 8 weeks of healing. Experimental implants had their hollow chamber filled with 20 microg of rhBMP-2 delivered with a @entity291 collagen carrier, whereas the control implants had their apical chamber left empty. @entity235 were followed for 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Histomorphometric evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Minimal bone was regenerated at 2 weeks for both groups. At 4 weeks, bone fill averaged 23.48% for the rhBMP-2 and 5.98% for the control group (P<0.05). At 8 weeks, mean bone fill was 20.94% and 7.75% for the rhBMP-2 and the controls, respectively (P<0.05). At 12 weeks, mean bone fill was 31.39% and 24.31% for the rhBMP-2 and control implants, respectively (P>0.05). Bone-implant contact (BIC) increased for both groups over time and at 8 weeks the rhBMP-2 BIC value was 18.65% and for the control 7.22% (P<0.05). At 12 weeks, the BIC was 43.78% and 21.05% for the rhBMP-2 and the control group, respectively (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen was positive only for parts of the collagen carrier and formation of cartilaginous intermediate was not observed in any of the specimens. The results suggest that, in confined defects adjacent to dental implants, rhBMP-2 can induce bone regeneration in close apposition to the implant surface.

title: Effect of recombinant @entity1 XXXX on bone regeneration and osseointegration of dental implants.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defects']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']


abstract: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is an @entity1112 , caused by the absence of the @entity4714 protein. Although many novel therapies are under development for @entity1555 , there is currently no cure and affected individuals are often confined to a wheelchair by their teens and die in their twenties/thirties. @entity1555 is a @entity395 (prevalence  <5/10,000). Even the largest countries do not have enough affected @entity1 to rigorously assess novel therapies, unravel genetic complexities, and determine @entity1 outcomes. TREAT-NMD is a worldwide network for @entity4094 that provides an infrastructure to support the delivery of promising new therapies for @entity1 . The harmonized implementation of national and ultimately global @entity1 registries has been central to the success of TREAT-NMD. For the @entity1555 registries within TREAT-NMD, individual countries have chosen to collect @entity1 information in the form of standardized @entity1 registries to increase the overall @entity1 population on which clinical outcomes and new technologies can be assessed. The registries comprise more than 13,500 @entity1 from 31 different countries. Here, we describe how the TREAT-NMD national @entity1 registries for @entity1555 were established. We look at their continued growth and assess how successful they have been at fostering collaboration between academia, @entity1 organizations, and industry.

title: The XXXX registries: conception, design, and utilization by industry and academia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['TREAT-NMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present patterns of practice and outcomes in the adjuvant treatment of intermediate- and high-risk @entity1204 . METHODS: Retrospective data on 224 @entity1 with intermediate-risk and high-risk @entity1204 from 1999 to 2006 were reviewed. All @entity1 underwent surgical staging. Patterns of adjuvant treatment, consisting of pelvic radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, were assessed. The 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The difference in 5-year DSS rate was statistically significant between adjuvant group and non-adjuvant group (80.65% vs. 63.80%, P=0.040). In 110 high-risk @entity1 who underwent adjuvant treatment, both 5-year DSS rate and recurrent rate were significantly different in combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy group compared with radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone groups (DSS rate, P=0.049; recurrent rate, P=0.047). In 83 intermediate-risk @entity1 who underwent adjuvant treatment, there was no significant difference in 5-year DSS rate and recurrence rate among the combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone groups (DSS rate, P=0.776; recurrent rate, P=0.937). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is associated with a higher 5-year DSS rate and lower recurrence rate compared with radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone in high-risk @entity1204 @entity1 . @entity1 with intermediate-risk @entity1204 may be not likely to benefit from adjuvant combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

title: High-risk XXXX may be benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy plus chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'Patients']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: We describe 13 adult @entity1 with reactive @entity625 induced @entity5389 . @entity625 occurred 710 days after @entity5389 and involved the wrists, knees, feet and @entity2720 . Some cases had @entity158 . Synovial fluid examined in 4 @entity1 was sterile. All @entity1 except 3 showed unequivocal elevation of serum ASO and/or ASK. Streptococcus was isolated from tonsillar swabs in 7 @entity1 . One had maculopapular erythema and 2 had @entity490 of unknown origin, but none had cardiac involvement, @entity4790 and subcutaneous nodule. HLA examination revealed that 4 had B39 (p <0.005). Eight cases were treated with antibiotics. Five cases underwent tonsillectomy. All tonsils had cryptic abscess. No exacerbation was seen thereafter. These cases probably represent reactive @entity625 induced @entity5389 and should be distinguished from other @entity627 .

title: Reactive XXXX induced @entity5389 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis', 'by tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the Achilles tendon areas']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sternoclavicular joints']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among @entity1 with @entity712 , there is controversy about whether there are clinical features and laboratory tests that can differentiate @entity1 who have low ejection fractions from those with normal ejection fractions. The usefulness of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors among @entity712 @entity1 who have normal left ventricular ejection fractions is also not known. METHODS: From a registry of 2,906 unselected consecutive @entity1 with @entity712 who were admitted to 10 acute-care community hospitals during 1995 and 1997, we identified 1291 who had a quantitative measurement of their left ventricular ejection fraction. @entity1 were separated into three groups based on ejection fraction: < or =0.39 (n = 741, 57%), 0.40 to 0.49 (n = 238, 18%), and > or =0.50 (n = 312, 24%). In-hospital mortality, prescription of @entity1289 inhibitors at discharge, subsequent rehospitalization, quality of life, and survival were measured; survivors were observed for at least 6 months after hospitalization. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) age of the sample was 75+/-11 years; the majority (55%) of @entity1 were @entity1 . In multivariate models, age >75 years, female sex, weight >72.7 kg, and a valvular etiology for @entity712 were associated with an increased probability of having an ejection fraction > or =0.50; a prior history of @entity712 , an @entity63 or idiopathic cause of @entity712 , and radiographic @entity1283 were associated with a lower probability of having an ejection fraction > or =0.50. Total mortality was lower in @entity1 with an ejection fraction > or =0.50 than in those with an ejection fraction < or =0.39 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI 0.49 to 0.98, P = 0.04). Among hospital survivors with an ejection fraction of 0.40 to 0.49, the 65% who were prescribed @entity1289 inhibitors at discharge had better mean adjusted quality-of-life scores (7.0 versus 6.2, P = 0.02), and lower adjusted mortality (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.70, P = 0.01) during follow-up than those who were not prescribed @entity1289 inhibitors. Among hospital survivors with an ejection fraction > or =0.50, the 45% who were prescribed @entity1289 inhibitors at discharge had better (lower) adjusted New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (2.1 versus 2.4, P = 0.04) although there was no significant improvement in survival. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 treated for @entity712 in community hospitals, 42% of those whose ejection fraction was measured had a relatively normal systolic function (ejection fraction > or 0.40). The clinical characteristics and mortality of these @entity1 differed from those in @entity1 with low ejection fractions. Among the @entity1 with ejection fractions > or =0.40, the prescription of @entity1289 inhibitors at discharge was associated favorable effects.

title: Systolic versus diastolic @entity712 in community practice: clinical features, outcomes, and the use of XXXX inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: Preliminary results of a controlled study on @entity6 are reported. Two hundred and fifteen @entity1 with proliferative (PDR) and nonproliferative (NPDR) @entity989 were uniocularly treated by Xenon photocoagulation and followed for a minimum of 6 months--6 years. Intra- and epiretinal new vessel formations (RNF) decreased in treated but increased in untreated eyes at a high statistical significance. A transition of background @entity989 into the proliferative stage was significantly retarded after photocoagulation. An improvement of new vessel formations on the disc (DNF) was not evident after 3 years of follow-up. The progression of preretinal neovascularization (PRNF) was significantly reduced only for 1--2 years after treatment. The incidence of massive @entity548 , however, which showed the highest quotient of contingency with PRNF was much lower in treated eyes also after 3 years. The difference was significant only in extensively photocoagulated eyes with more than 100 lesions on average. The effect of photocoagulation on @entity6 with preservation of a useful visual acuity was highly significant only in diabetics under 60 years of age, the effect increasing with time as the control eyes fared worse. By contrast, in @entity1 over 60 years of age, the course of maculpathy was not influenced, and a linear decrease of visual acuity occurred in both treated and untreated eyes.

title: XXXX study. Preliminary results from 215 @entity1 treated uniocularly with photocoagulation.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic maculopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In an effort to minimize the risk of @entity4858 , US Lacrosse initiated mandatory use of protective eyewear in @entity1 's lacrosse in the 2004-2005 season. PURPOSE: The authors compared @entity4858 rates in @entity1 ' scholastic lacrosse before and after implementation of protective eyewear. They also compared head/face injury rates, concussion rates, and @entity130 rates before and after the rule change to assess possible unintended consequences of the change. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: The study group included female scholastic lacrosse players in the 25 public high schools in Fairfax County, Virginia, during the 2004-2009 spring seasons. Injury rates were compared with those from the same data source for the 2000-2003 seasons. Premandate versus postmandate injury rates were adjusted for athlete exposures, or total opportunities for injury throughout the season. RESULTS: The rate of @entity4858 was reduced from 0.10 injuries per 1000 athlete exposures (AEs) in 2000 through 2003 before the use of protective eyewear to 0.016 injuries per 1000 AEs in 2004 through 2009 (incident rate ratio [IRR], 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.42). The rate ratio of head/face injuries excluding concussion also decreased (IRR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26-0.76). There was no change in the rate ratio of @entity130 involving all body parts (IRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.82-1.1) after introduction of protective eyewear. However, the rate ratio of concussion increased (IRR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3). CONCLUSION: The use of protective eyewear in @entity1 's lacrosse was associated with a reduction in the number of @entity4858 . The number of head/face injuries decreased in this study group after introduction of protective eyewear, and there was no change in @entity130 rates. The reason for the increase in concussion rate cannot be determined conclusively based on this study, but the authors speculate that this increase resulted largely from increased recognition and diagnosis because @entity130 rates do not indicate rougher play with introduction of protective equipment.

title: Effectiveness of the XXXX 's lacrosse protective eyewear mandate in the @entity4858 .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['total injuries', 'overall injury']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries', 'catastrophic eye injury', 'eye injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many studies have established that highly negative or @entity16839 thoughts about chronic health problems such as @entity158 are associated with greater distress, lower self-efficacy for dealing with the problem and depressed mood. This study examined whether highly negative (or ' @entity16839 ') appraisals of hot flush experiences were associated with greater distress and lower perceived control regarding this menopausal problem. DESIGN: A postal survey was carried out, with a follow-up 12 months later. METHODS: Two questionnaires were initially completed by a volunteer sample of 61 @entity1 currently experiencing hot flushes. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative data were collected, including a Catastrophic Thoughts Questionnaire (CTQ) measure of @entity16839 thoughts, based in part on Rosenstiel AK and Keefe FJ. The use of coping strategies in chronic @entity1643 @entity1 : relationship to @entity1 characteristics and current adjustment. @entity158 1983;17:33-44. Thirty nine @entity1 who continued to report hot flushes were followed up 12 months later. RESULTS: Ratings to each item of the CTQ were highly intercorrelated. @entity1 reporting more @entity16839 thoughts tended to be lower in perceived control over flushes. Respondents' reported distress during hot flushes was more closely related to their frequency of negative thoughts about the problem, than to perceived control, flush chronicity or daily frequency of flushes. Over 12 months, respondents showed a highly stable pattern of @entity16839 thoughts, and continued links with levels of distress during @entity1671 . CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive appraisal processes that undermine coping with other chronic health problems seem also relevant to understanding the distress triggered by intermittent, unpredictable @entity1671 . The findings imply that @entity1 may develop improved tolerance for menopausal flushing through challenging negative interpretations of the experience.

title: Relationships between XXXX thoughts, perceived control and distress during menopausal hot flushes: exploring the correlates of a questionnaire measure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1671 :: ('MESH:D005483', 'Disease') :: ['flush episodes']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic']

answer: @entity16839 :: (MESH:D002388,Disease) :: ['catastrophic']