abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the validity of the Modified Ashworth Scale as a measure of @entity508 by determining its relationship to surface electromyography activity and @entity1159 . DESIGN: A controlled study of @entity64 @entity1 with @entity508 . SETTING: A physiotherapy department in a secondary care hospital. SUBJECTS: Thirty-one @entity64 @entity1 and 20 healthy volunteers. MAIN MEASURES: The resistance to passive movement around the knee and ankle of the affected and unaffected legs was rated using the Modified Ashworth Scale. Passive range of movement was measured with a goniometer. Surface electromyography recordings of four lower limb muscles were taken during passive stretches of the knee and ankle. RESULTS: Hemiparetic @entity1 produced surface electromyography responses to stretch that were of greater amplitude (unaffected limbs: mean = 25.82 mV (43.85), affected limbs: mean = 24.77 mV (35.46)) than those of healthy volunteers (mean = 15.85 (29.96)). The affected muscles of hemiparetic @entity1 were more likely to produce surface electromyography responses to stretch of a sustained duration (45% of cases) compared with unaffected limbs (24% of cases) and those of healthy volunteers (16% of cases). The Modified Ashworth Scale showed a positive correlation with the magnitude (p < 0.05) and duration (p < 0.001) of the surface electromyography response. High scores on the Modified Ashworth Scale were associated with @entity1159 (p < 0.001). Contracted muscles produced significantly greater surface electromyography reflex responses compared with noncontracted muscles (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Modified Ashworth Scale reflects @entity508 in terms of surface electromyography stretch responses produced by passive movement, but the relationship of @entity508 to @entity1159 remains unclear.

title: Electromyography characterization of stretch responses in @entity64 XXXX and their relationship with the Modified Ashworth scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemiparetic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity22073 ( @entity22073 ) 17D vaccine virus is one of the safest and most effective viral vaccines administered to @entity1 , in which it elicits a polyvalent immune response. Herein, we used the @entity22073 17D backbone to express a @entity1527 CD8+ T cell epitope from the Amastigote Surface Protein 2 (ASP-2) to provide further evidence for the potential of this virus to express foreign epitopes. The TEWETGQI CD8+ T cell epitope was cloned and expressed based on two different genomic insertion sites: in the fg loop of the viral Envelope protein and the protease cleavage site between the NS2B and NS3. We investigated whether the site of expression had any influence on immunogenicity of this model epitope. RESULTS: Recombinant viruses replicated similarly to vaccine virus @entity22073 17D in cell culture and remained genetically stable after several serial passages in Vero cells. Immunogenicity studies revealed that both recombinant viruses elicited neutralizing antibodies to the @entity22073 virus as well as generated an antigen-specific gamma interferon mediated T-cell response in immunized @entity19 . The recombinant viruses displayed a more attenuated phenotype than the @entity22073 17DD vaccine counterpart in @entity19 . Vaccination of a @entity19 lineage highly susceptible to infection by @entity1527 with a homologous prime-boost regimen of recombinant @entity22073 viruses elicited TEWETGQI specific CD8+ T cells which might be correlated with a delay in @entity19 mortality after a challenge with a lethal dose of @entity1527 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the @entity22073 17D platform is useful to express T. cruzi (Protozoan) antigens at different functional regions of its genome with minimal reduction of vector fitness. In addition, the model @entity1527 epitope expressed at different regions of the @entity22073 17D genome elicited a similar T cell-based immune response, suggesting that both expression sites are useful. However, the epitope as such is not protective and it remains to be seen whether expression of larger domains of ASP-2, which include the TEWETGQI epitope, will elicit better T-CD8+ responses to the latter. It is likely that additional antigens and recombinant virus formulations will be necessary to generate a protective response.

title: Biological and immunological characterization of recombinant Yellow Fever 17D viruses expressing a XXXX Amastigote Surface Protein-2 CD8+ T cell epitope at two distinct regions of the genome.

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['YF', 'attenuated Yellow fever']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5163 is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among @entity1 under five. Although @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) has tremendous therapeutic benefits, coverage of and demand for this product have remained low in many developing countries. This study surveyed caregivers and health care providers in India and Kenya to gather information about perceptions and use of various @entity294 treatments, assess reasons for low @entity1697 use, and identify opportunities for expanding @entity1697 use. METHODS: The project team conducted two rounds of semi-structured, quantitative surveys with more than 2000 caregivers in India and Kenya in 2012. A complementary survey covered more than 500 pharmacy staff and health care workers in both countries. In Kenya, the team also surveyed rural pharmacies to gather pricing and sales data. RESULTS: Although caregivers generally had very positive perceptions of @entity1697 , they typically ranked antibiotics ahead of @entity1697 as the strongest medicine for @entity294 (in India 62% ranked antibiotics first and 23% ranked @entity1697 first, n   =   404; in Kenya results were 55% and 29%, n   =   401). Many caregivers had misconceptions about the purpose and effectiveness of various treatments. For example, most caregivers who gave @entity1697 at last episode expected it to stop their @entity1 's @entity294 (65% in India, n   =   190; 73% in Kenya, n   =   154). There were noteworthy differences between India and Kenya in the selection and sourcing of treatments. Much of the money spent by families during the last episode of @entity294 was for inappropriate treatments. This was especially true in India, where rural households typically spent @entity10479  2.29 (median for the 79% of rural households that paid for health care services or treatments, n   =   199) with most of this going to pay fees of private health workers and/or for antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers' primary treatment goal is to stop @entity294 , and many believe that antibiotics or @entity1697 will accomplish this goal. Inappropriate treatment - and especially overuse of antibiotics - is common. Satisfaction with @entity1697 is high, but dosing is a challenge for caregivers. The results provide valuable insight into treatment behaviors and suggest significant opportunities to enhance use of @entity1697 in developing countries.

title: Treatment of @entity294 in young XXXX : results from surveys on the perception and use of oral rehydration solutions, antibiotics, and other therapies in India and Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['ORS', 'oral rehydration solution']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the increase in @entity82 ( @entity56238 ) from 0 hr to 1 month and 1 year posttransplantation in biopsy sections and assessed the risk of developing @entity56238 in 118 living kidney recipients. METHODS: A quantitative analysis of @entity56238 was performed using computer-assisted imaging. The percent @entity56238 (% @entity56238 ) in the cortical region at 0 hr was defined as the baseline, and the increases in % @entity56238 at 1 month and 1 year were calculated. Demographics, higher (regimen 1) and lower (regimen 2) target trough concentrations of @entity1140 , and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 polymorphism were tested as risk factors. RESULTS: The mean % @entity56238 at 0 hr, 1 month, and 1 year was 10.3%+/-4.2%, 15.0%+/-5.8%, and 19.0%+/-7.7%, respectively. % @entity56238 increased 1.7- and 2.2-fold from 0 hr to 1 month and 1 year posttransplantation, respectively. At 1 year, the increase was higher in @entity1 with the @entity5396 *3/*3 genotype (nonexpressers), those treated with regimen 1, and those with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher body mass index. In a multivariate analysis, @entity5396 nonexpression correlated with the development of @entity56238 (odds ratio 2.63, P=0.018). @entity1140 blood levels in the early stage posttransplantation were higher in nonexpressers than @entity5396 expressers in both regimens 1 and 2, despite therapeutic drug monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: The higher concentrations of @entity1140 , especially in the nonexpressers treated with regimen 1, might influence the development of @entity56238 . This study suggested that a new regimen with lower and narrow target trough levels of @entity1140 or a dosing strategy based on the @entity5396 genotype is needed to reduce the risk of developing @entity56238 .

title: Factors increasing quantitative @entity82 from 0 hr to 1 year in living kidney transplant XXXX receiving @entity1140 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the renal actions of the new selective angiotensin AT2 receptor ligands, @entity22179 and @entity11083 , in comparison to those of the AT1 receptor antagonist @entity9886 , in the @entity1372 -depleted, anesthetized @entity35 . @entity9886 (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg i.v.) produced a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure and renal vascular resistance that was statistically significant. Effective renal blood flow tended to increase in response to all doses of @entity9886 while glomerular filtration rate either did not change or decreased, leading to a significant fall in filtration fraction. @entity9886 did not induce significant changes in urine volume, urinary @entity1372 excretion, urinary @entity972 excretion or free water formation. The selective AT2 receptor ligand @entity22179 at infusion rates of 1-100 micrograms/kg per min i.v. had no significant effect on blood pressure or any measured parameter of renal function. However, when infused at 1000 micrograms/kg per min i.v., @entity22179 did not affect blood pressure, but significantly increased effective renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urinary @entity1372 excretion, urinary @entity972 excretion and free water formation, while significantly decreasing renal vascular resistance. The selective AT2 receptor ligand @entity11083 at infusion rates between 1 and 100 micrograms/kg per min i.v. also had no significant effect on blood pressure or on any measured parameter of renal function. However, at an infusion rate of 1000 micrograms/kg per min i.v., @entity11083 tended to increase renal vascular resistance, urinary @entity1372 excretion, urinary @entity972 excretion and free water formation, and to decrease effective renal blood flow, although none of these changes reached a level of statistical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Renal actions of the selective angiotensin AT2 receptor ligands @entity22179 and @entity11083 in the XXXX -depleted @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: This prospective study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic ovarian electrocoagulation in @entity1 with @entity3610 . Twenty-three @entity3610 @entity1 who had refractory to @entity4082 attending the Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, Ramathibodi Hospital between March 1995 and June 1998 were enrolled in the study. In all @entity1 , electrocoagulation on the ovarian surface of both ovaries was performed through laparoscope under general anesthesia. Two @entity1 were lost to follow-up for unknown reasons. The remaining 21 @entity1 had a mean age of 30.3 +/- 3.9 years (range 21-39) and mean duration of @entity249 of 4.1 +/- 2.8 years (range 1-11). There was no intra-operative and post-operative complication. After surgery, ovulation was documented in 16 out of 18 (88.9%) @entity1 . Fifteen (71.4%) @entity1 became pregnant. Fourteen pregnancies (93.3%) occurred within 9 months after surgery. Twelve @entity1 (80%) became pregnant in spontaneous cycles without any treatment. The outcomes of pregnancies were 10 live births, 3 ongoing pregnancies and 2 abortions. This study reveals the high efficacy of ovarian electrocoagulation in infertile @entity1 with @entity3610 . High pregnancy and low abortion rates are convincing. This surgical technique should be the treatment of choice for @entity1 with CC-resistant @entity3610 .

title: Efficacy of laparoscopic ovulation induction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: Neurons in the hippocampus and striatum are vulnerable to the @entity63 insult. In the present study we focused on the vulnerability of @entity934 ( @entity1617 )-containing neurons in the striatum. To determine the change of @entity1617 content in the striatum, we employed a simple sensitive brain microdialysis method with high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection. Morphological change of cholinergic neurons was studied by @entity1617 -esterase staining during @entity63 insult. After bilateral carotid @entity432 , local cerebral flow decreased less than 5 ml/min/100 g in the striatum. @entity1617 content in dialysate for 20 min after the occlusion was elevated to 135% of the control. @entity1617 content decreased to 15% of the control 2hs after the @entity63 . Density of Cholinergic fibers and cell bodies was reduced 10 min after the @entity63 and further decreased 20 min after the occlusion. Our study suggests that the transient elevation of @entity1617 content was probably due to diffusion of @entity1617 from destruction cholinergic terminals after the @entity63 insult. The increase of @entity1617 immediately after @entity432 may affect severity of @entity2806 in the brain by its excitatory effect.

title: [Dynamics of extracellular XXXX of the gerbil striatum during @entity2806 monitored by intracerebral microdialysis].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2026 is considered to be the most difficult disorders of speech-language communication, and is often companion by all forms of @entity66 . GOAL: To determine the outcome of @entity2026 disorder a year after a @entity64 and @entity64 type influence on the outcome of @entity74 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed one-year outcome of @entity74 in @entity1 who had a first @entity64 . @entity1 were tested by a speech pathologist with the International test for @entity2026 , immediately after admission and one year after the @entity64 . All @entity1 that were hospitalized during treatment had a speech therapy and only a small number of @entity1 were realsed from hospital. RESULTS: Out of 74 @entity1 with @entity2026 who were discharged from hospital within one year 20 @entity1 died and 2 @entity1 did not respond to control clinical treatment review. Analysis of the remaining 52 respondents determined that out of the 10 @entity1 with @entity2026 8 (80%) evolved into another @entity2026 , and two (20%) remained unchanged in form. In most cases, @entity2026 was transformed in mixed @entity17787 (4 of 10 @entity1 or 40%), and in two cases (20%) @entity2026 was transformed in @entity5785 . @entity5785 (n = 20) in other forms evolved in 9 @entity1 (45%), and 11 @entity1 (55%) remained unchanged in form. @entity5547 had 11 @entity1 (78.6%) which remained unchanged in form, while 3 (21.4%) evolved into an Alexia @entity1055 . Full recovery was noted in two @entity1 (3.84%). Type of @entity64 did not affect the outcome of @entity74 . Out of the 52 analyzed @entity1 after hospitalization, unfortunately, only 11 (21.2%) had some kind of speech pathology treatment after leaving the hospital. CONCLUSION: One year after the @entity64 severe @entity2026 evolved into a lighter form in a significant number of @entity1 . Most often anomic @entity2026 remained (34.6%), followed by Broca (25%) and Conductive @entity2026 (7.7%). Type of @entity64 does not affect the outcome of @entity74 . Unfortunately only a small number of @entity1 (21.2%) continued with @entity2026 speech therapy after leaving the hospital.

title: @entity2026 disorders outcome after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity17787 :: ('MESH:D057178', 'Disease') :: ['non fluent aphasia']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['Broca aphasia']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['global aphasia', 'Aphasia', 'aphasia', 'aphasia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia disorders']

entities_list: @entity5547 :: ('MESH:D000849', 'Disease') :: ['Anomic aphasia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 survivors on aromatase inhibitors often experience @entity158 as a side effect of their treatment; qualitative investigations suggest that this @entity4841 may cause @entity1 to feel that they are aging faster than they should be. To facilitate further study of this experience, the @entity4841 Aging Scale (PAAS) was developed. This report describes the development and validation of the PAAS in a racially diverse sample of @entity0 survivors suffering from @entity158 . METHODS: The items of the scale were developed from a content analysis of interviews with @entity1 . The scale was pilot-tested, and modifications were made on the basis of @entity1 feedback. Subsequently, 596 @entity0 survivors who endorsed @entity158 completed the 8-item PAAS. The factor structure (with exploratory factor analysis), the internal consistency, and the convergent, divergent, and incremental validity were examined. RESULTS: The resulting scale had a 1-factor structure with strong internal consistency (Cronbach's a   =   .94) and demonstrated both convergent and divergent validity: the PAAS was significantly correlated with @entity158 severity (rs    =   0.55, P   <   .01) and had a small and nonsignificant correlation with actual age (rs    =   -0.07, P   =   .10). The PAAS was also found to explain incremental variance in @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity158 interference outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the PAAS produces reliable and valid scores that capture perceptions of aging due to @entity4841 among @entity0 survivors. With further research, the PAAS may advance our understanding of how perceptions of aging may affect @entity0 survivors' emotional, behavioral, and clinical outcomes. @entity5 2015.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Development and validation of the @entity4841 Aging Scale among XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia', 'Penn Arthralgia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) is a form of @entity4681 , but its outcome is not well defined, and the aim was to study the pattern of clinical progression in @entity2057 . We studied 10 @entity1 prospectively for 12 months. None showed clinical signs of upper motor neuron involvement at presentation or during follow-up, and all had normal transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. Four had upper limb onset, four lower limb onset and two axial onset. We used neurophysiological and strength measurements and a clinical rating scale ( @entity2655 -FRS). Seven other @entity1 presenting with a @entity2057 syndrome developed upper motor neuron signs during a one-year period of observation and were excluded from the study. The rate of progression was variable. At six months, only motor unit number estimation (MUNE) and @entity2655 -FRS had decreased significantly. The Neurophysiological Index (NI) and M-wave amplitude measurements decreased at 12 months. Two @entity1 with @entity66 progressed rapidly to @entity1576 . Overall the pattern of change resembled that of @entity2655 , although some @entity1 progressed very slowly. Axial onset, however, predicts the early onset of @entity1576 , and a poor prognosis.

title: Clinical patterns in progressive @entity2057 ( XXXX ): a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axial-onset disease']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive muscular atrophy', 'PMA']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['PMA']


abstract: @entity3168 is a well documented cause of a mild self-limiting @entity294 and a potentially fatal acute @entity548 in the @entity235 . A recent study documented that 21% of @entity235 @entity3168 isolates had MIC's indicative of resistance to @entity803 , an antimicrobial commonly recommended for treatment of @entity3168 -associated @entity294 . The objective of the present study was to further evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of these isolates by determining the prevalence of specific resistance genes, their expression, and ability for transference between bacteria. One hundred and twenty-four @entity235 @entity3168 isolates from 124 @entity235 were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of @entity803 , @entity2929 , @entity8588 , and @entity868 were determined using the CLSI Reference Agar Dilution Method. All isolates were screened for three @entity803 resistance genes: tetA(P), tetB(P) and tetM, and two @entity7646 resistance genes: ermB and ermQ, via PCR using primer sequences previously described. Ninety-six percent (119/124) of the isolates were positive for the tetA(P) gene, and 41% (51/124) were positive for both the tetA(P) and tetB(P) genes. No isolates were positive for the tetB(P) gene alone. Highly susceptible isolates (MIC< or = 4 microg/ml) were significantly more likely to lack the tetB(P) gene. One isolate (0.8%) was positive for the ermB gene, and one isolate was positive for the ermQ gene. The tetM gene was not found in any of the isolates tested. Two out of 15 tested isolates (13%) demonstrated transfer of @entity803 resistance via bacterial conjugation. @entity803 should be avoided for the treatment of @entity3168 -associated @entity294 in @entity235 because of the relatively high prevalence of in vitro resistance, and the potential for conjugative transfer of antimicrobial resistance.

title: Determination of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in XXXX @entity3168 isolates.

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['C. perfringens', 'Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline', 'Tetracycline']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2224 occurring in a @entity1 can result in unexpected complications. Here, our aim is to present a case of @entity2224 occurring immediately after anesthesia induction with @entity4671 administration. CASE REPORT: A fifty-six-year-old female @entity1 with a pre-diagnosis of @entity5990 was admitted to the operating room for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The induction was performed by @entity4671 with a bolus dose of 0.3mg/kg. Severe and fast adduction appeared in the @entity1 's arms immediately after induction. A @entity591 with wide QRS and ventricular rate 188 beat/min was detected on the monitor. The rhythm turned to VF during the preparation of cardioversion. Immediately we performed defibrillation to the @entity1 . Sinus rhythm was obtained. It was decided to postpone the operation due to the @entity1 's unstable condition. CONCLUSION: In addition to other known side effects of @entity4671 , very rarely, @entity1165 and fibrillation can be also seen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case regarding @entity4671 causing VF in the literature.

title: The development of @entity2224 due to XXXX for anesthetic induction: a very rare side effect, case report.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['etomidate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a @entity6 population. To relate sociodemographic and clinical evolutionaries variables. DESIGN: Descriptive transversal study. SETTING: Three urban Primary Health Centers (PHC). @entity1 . @entity6 @entity1 attended in these PHC.Measurements. VARIABLES: sociodemographic and clinical through an individualized survey and a medical record review. RESULTS: 1495 @entity1 were studied from whom 96% were @entity2175 . Age: 66 years old (SD 12). Sex: 56% were @entity1 . Education level: 62 didn't have finished their primary studies. Family: 71% live together with a partner. Years of evolution: @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) < 10 years: 47% in type 1; 64% in type 2. RISK FACTORS: @entity3918 1: smokers 40%; @entity101 (HTA) 7%; @entity3918 2: smokers 12%; HTA 51%; @entity28 26%; @entity1007 28%; @entity2298 17%. Chronic complications: @entity3918 1: @entity989 (DR) 26%; @entity8 (Nf) 3.5%; @entity741 ( @entity741 ) 3.5%; periferic @entity4065 (PA) 7%; @entity64 ( @entity64 ) 2%; @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) 5%. @entity3918 2: DR 14%; Nf 13%; @entity741 12%; PA 9%; @entity64 5%; @entity1897 4%; autonomic @entity16 3%. Metabolic control @entity3918 2: 67% HbA1c 7.5. Best metabolic control in @entity3918 with less years of evolution (p = 0.001). Treatment @entity3918 2: 32% diet, 51% oral treatment, 13% insulin, 4% mixed. No relation with cultural level and family situation with metabolic control. In chronic complications only DR were more prevalent in @entity1 with less cultural level (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Less cultural level doesn't influence neither metabolic control nor appearance chronic complications, except DR. The knowledge of @entity6 population attended has allowed to detect the need of reinforce the intervention for decrease smoking and increase chronic complications detection.

title: [Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of a @entity1 population with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic type 2']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetic', 'Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular accident', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheric neuropathy', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The function of @entity2449 in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) remains a controversial topic because studies are increasingly focusing on epidemiologic features. We examined @entity125 / @entity1135 signaling in @entity14 with @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ) and investigated alterations in signaling caused by @entity2449 treatment. For this purpose, information on pathological characteristics was collected from each @entity1 . The proliferation of epithelium labeled with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the differentiation of goblet cells were investigated using immunohistochemistry and periodic acid-Schiff staining, respectively. The factors involved in @entity125 / @entity1135 signaling were detected using qRT-PCR and western blot. In our study, we found that lymphatic metastasis, pTNM staging, and the carcinoembryonic antigen level were significantly different between groups. The depth of crypts and the rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells were distinctly higher in @entity3918 and @entity1 who were managed with insulin. Moreover, the goblet cell differentiation rate was decreased in @entity3918 . The expression of @entity15974 , @entity125 , @entity52914 , and @entity4853 was increased in @entity3918 , whereas the expression of @entity22491 and @entity1135 was decreased in this group in normal tissue. In @entity14 tissue, the expression of @entity15974 and @entity125 was clearly higher than that in @entity3918 . Furthermore, the trend in these changes was aggravated with insulin management and alleviated with @entity2449 treatment. In conclusion, the abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation observed in @entity3918 are correlated with overactivated @entity125 / @entity1135 signaling, which is potentially relieved by @entity2449 treatment.

title: @entity2449 depresses overactivated @entity125 / @entity1135 signaling in @entity14 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Sodium channel @entity13721 , encoded by @entity13721 , is expressed in DRG neurons and regulates their excitability. Genetic and functional studies have established a critical contribution of @entity13721 to @entity1 @entity2531 . We have now characterized a novel @entity13721 mutation ( @entity60951 ) from a female @entity1 subject with @entity158 , in which depolarized fast inactivation overrides impaired activation to produce hyperexcitability and spontaneous firing in DRG neurons. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells demonstrated that @entity60951 significantly depolarizes steady-state fast-, slow-, and closed-state inactivation. It accelerates deactivation, decelerates inactivation, and facilitates repriming. The mutation increases ramp currents in response to slow depolarizations. Our voltage-clamp analysis showed that @entity60951 depolarizes channel activation, a change that was supported by our multistate structural modeling. Because this mutation confers both gain-of-function and loss-of-function attributes on the @entity13721 channel, we tested the impact of @entity60951 expression on DRG neuron excitability. Current-clamp studies reveal that @entity60951 depolarizes resting membrane potential, decreases current threshold, and increases firing frequency of evoked action potentials within small DRG neurons. The populations of spontaneously firing and repetitively firing neurons were increased by expressing @entity60951 . These observations indicate that the dominant proexcitatory gating changes associated with this mutation, including depolarized steady-state fast-, slow-, and closed-state inactivation, faster repriming, and larger ramp currents, override the depolarizing shift of activation, to produce hyperexcitability and spontaneous firing of nociceptive neurons that underlie @entity158 .

title: Depolarized inactivation overcomes impaired activation to produce DRG neuron hyperexcitability in a XXXX mutation in a @entity1 with @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'distal limb pain']

answer: @entity13721 :: (6335,Gene) :: ['Nav1.7']


abstract: Background: Influenza vaccination is recommended for @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity6444 ). Because response rates are often low, we decided to evaluate antibody response to single and booster vaccinations with @entity683 and @entity22421 vaccine in these @entity1 . Methods: Twenty @entity1 with @entity1072 received two subunit virus vaccine injections 21 days apart. Antibody titres were determined before and 21 days after the single and booster vaccinations. The serological response was expressed using the following criteria: (1) response rate, i.e. the proportion of subjects with at least a 4-fold titre increase; (2) the protection rate, i.e. the proportion of subjects exceeding the threshold of 100 ( @entity683 ) or 200 ( @entity683 B); and (3) the mean fold increase (MFI), i.e. the difference between the log-adjusted geometric mean titres of pre- and post-vaccination sera. Results: Response rates were 5% for @entity683 and 15% for B after the single vaccination and 15% for A and 30% for B after the booster vaccination. Protection rates were 0% for @entity683 and 25% for B after the single vaccination; they were 5% (H1N1) and 10% (H3N2) for @entity683 and 30% for B after the booster. The MFI+/-S.D. (range) after the booster vaccination was 0.26+/-0.33 (0-1.00), 0.17+/-0.34 (0-1.00) and 0.35+/-0.34 (0-1.20) for H1N1, H3N2 and @entity683 B, respectively. Conclusion: In this study with @entity1072 @entity1 , immune response to @entity683 vaccination was poor. Thus, single and booster vaccinations with @entity683 virus vaccine do not appear to be of great value to @entity1 with @entity1072 .

title: Influenza virus vaccination and booster in @entity1072 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia', 'B-CLL', 'B-cell CLL']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the natural course of type 2 endoleaks (T2Es) and to identify the risk factors associated with a persistent T2E after @entity439 repair (EVAR). METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 who underwent EVAR for the treatment of an @entity1028 between October 2006 and December 2011 at our institute were reviewed. T2Es were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography within 4  weeks of EVAR, and @entity1 were followed up at 6 and 12  months. In cases where a T2E was detected, the blood vessels responsible for the T2E were identified and statistically analyzed for their association with a persistent T2E. RESULTS: We identified T2Es in 111 of 469 @entity1 within 4  weeks of undergoing EVAR. During the follow-up, 41 @entity1 (36.9  %) showed spontaneous resolution of their T2E. The percentage of @entity1 with a T2E was 75.4, 69.2 and 58.0  % at 6, 12 and 24  months, respectively. T2E caused by defects in multiple vessels and T2E associated with the fourth lumbar artery were identified as risk factors associated with a persistent T2E in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, T2E caused by multiple vessels was identified as the only independent risk factor for a persistent T2E. CONCLUSIONS: We identified T2E caused by @entity177 as an independent risk factor for persistent T2E.

title: Risk factors for a persistent type 2 endoleak after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiple vessel failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy (RT) following radical prostatectomy (RP) in a group of @entity1 with pathologic Stage T3/4 @entity263 followed for a median of 10 years after treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1970 and 1983, 159 @entity1 underwent RP for newly diagnosed @entity263 and were found to have pathologic Stage T3/4. Forty-six received adjuvant RT and 113 did not. Radiotherapy usually consisted of 45-50 Gy to the whole pelvis followed by a boost to the prostate bed of 10-15 Gy, to a total dose of 55-65 Gy. @entity1 were analyzed with respect to survival, disease-free survival, local control, and freedom from distant metastases. A rising @entity1486 in the absence of other evidence of relapse was scored as a separate category of recurrence. RESULTS: Both groups of @entity1 have been followed for a median of 10 years. The actuarial survival at 10 and 15 years was 62% and 62% for the RT group compared to 52% and 37%, respectively, for the RP group (p = 0.18). The disease-free survival for the Rt group was 55% and 48% at 10 and 15 years, respectively, compared to 37% and 33% for the RP group (p = 0.16). Similarly, there was no difference in the rate of distant metastases between the two groups. In contrast, the local relapse rate was significantly reduced by the addition of postoperative radiotherapy. The actuarial local control rate at 10 and 15 years was 92% and 82%, respectively, for the RT group vs 60% and 53% for the RP group (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: While postoperative pelvic RT significantly improves local control compared to RP alone for pathologic Stage T3/4 @entity263 , it has no impact on distant metastases and consequently does not improve survival. These data are consistent with the conclusion that many @entity1 with pathologic Stage T3/4 @entity263 have occult metastases at presentation and will not be cured by local therapies alone. The optimal treatment for this @entity1 population remains to be established.

title: Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologic stage T3/4 XXXX : ten-year update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mucoralean fungi are emerging causative agents of primary cutaneous infections presenting in the form of @entity39 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate a series of suspected @entity39 cases by Apophysomyces species over one-year period in a northern Indian hospital. METHODS: The clinical details of those @entity1 suspected to suffer from @entity39 were recorded. Skin biopsies from local wounds were microscopically examined and fungal culturing was carried out on standard media. The histopathology was evaluated using conventional methods and special stains. Apophysomyces isolates were identified by their morphology and by molecular sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal genes. Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out following EUCAST guidelines and treatment progress was monitored. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were found to be suffering from @entity39 caused by Apophysomyces spp. Six isolates were identified as Apophysomyces variabilis and one as Apophysomyces elegans. Five @entity1 had previously received intramuscular injections in the affected area. Three @entity1 recovered, two died and the other two left treatment against medical advice and are presumed to have died due to their terminal illnesses. @entity7143 and @entity8974 were found to be the most active compounds against A. variabilis, while the isolate of A. elegans was resistant to all antifungals tested. CONCLUSIONS: Apophysomyces is confirmed as an aggressive fungus able to cause @entity281 . All clinicians, microbiologists and pathologists need to be aware of these emerging mycoses as well as of the risks involved in medical practices, which may provoke serious @entity364 such as those produced by Apophysomyces.

title: XXXX , an emerging infectious disease caused by Apophysomyces (Mucorales).

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis', 'fungal necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['fatal infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['Posaconazole']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['Fungal necrotizing fasciitis']


abstract: @entity291 suckling and @entity398 injections are commonly used for pre-milking stimulus in dairy buffaloes under field conditions. A study was conducted to investigate effect of these treatments on reproductive performance. Fifty one Nili-Ravi buffaloes were monitored from parturition up to 150 days postpartum through rectal examination. Data on milk yield, body condition score (BCS) and reproductive parameters were recorded weekly. Postpartum ovulation interval (POI) was determined by presence of an ovulation @entity308 or a very soft corpus luteum haemorrhagicum and was confirmed through milk @entity1420 levels (MPL). Suckling was used to stimulate milk let down, and where the @entity291 had died, injection of @entity398 was resorted to. Milk samples were analyzed for MPL using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and fat; and milk yield was converted to 4% fat corrected milk (FCM). The mean postpartum uterine involution length (PUI) was 34.30+/-1.33 days. Mean POI was 59.37+/-4.76 days and mean postpartum estrus interval ( @entity8681 ) was 69.03+/-6.03 days. Suckling period averaged 26.40+/-5.57 days and correlated with POI (r=0.19, P<0.01) and @entity8681 (r=0.23, P<0.01). POI was shortest in buffaloes suckled for one month (P<0.05). @entity398 was used with a mean dosage of 7.50 IU, delaying placental expulsion time (PET) and POI but shortening @entity8681 . BCS shortened PET, POI and @entity8681 (P<0.01). Mean FCM was 14.50+/-0.20, ranging from 2 to 35 kg/d; and was higher in estrus group; correlating positively with POI (r=0.31, P<0.01). MPL were 1.37+/-0.17 ng/ml and increased after ovulation, remaining greater than 1.5 ng/ml from Day 4 to 14 of the estrus cycle, followed by a rapid decline up to next estrus. BCS in buffaloes resuming oestrus was constantly higher than those failing to resume ovarian cyclicity. Live weight, prepartum was 510.0+/-5.9 kg with a loss of 3.7+/-2.12 kg, 30 days postpartum. The present study suggests a lower reproductive efficiency of dairy buffaloes under the peri-urban farming system reflected by ovarian cyclicity in 68.63% buffaloes within 150 days postpartum and silent estrus in 51.5% of the cases. Increasing suckling duration and use of @entity398 delayed POI, however, POI was shortest in buffaloes suckled for one month. The high yielding buffaloes also manifested better reproductive cyclicity; while moderate yielder showed shorter ovulation intervals and higher conception rate.

title: Interaction of @entity291 suckling, use of XXXX and milk yield with reproductive performance of dairy buffaloes.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Macroglossia usually occurs as @entity600 , however it can coexist with some of the @entity74 . Enlargement of the tongue can cause cosmetic and functional difficulties. AIM: The aim of this paper was to analyzed @entity1 with @entity11124 operated with own modified Reynwald method. It was based on analysis of surgical treatment and rehabilitation of @entity1 with: Down syndrome, @entity19889 and @entity306 , treated at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Lodz. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 63 @entity1 (32 females and 31 males) with Down syndrome (60), @entity19889 (2) and @entity306 (1) were operated at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, because of @entity1184 of the tongue. 42 @entity1 were operated with partial resection of @entity11124 , 2 of them with additional correction of the tongue border and 21 @entity1 with own modified Reynwald method. RESULTS: Postoperative treatment was non-complicated in all the @entity1 . Early and long-lasting postoperative results were regard as satisfactory, and lead to improvement of basic physiological functions. CONCLUSIONS: 1. 3   6 years are the optimal age to partial @entity11124 reduction. 2. Analyze of surgical @entity11124 treatment showed effectiveness of methods based on partial resection of tongue. Surgical treatment with own modified Reynwald method lead to increase of number of satisfied postoperative results. 3. Partial resection of @entity11124 influence on @entity1 look, integration and environment acceptance; in @entity1 with @entity1032 it simplify nursing.

title: [New modification of Reynwald XXXX reduction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['deep retardation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['isolated malformation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary defect']

entities_list: @entity19889 :: ('MESH:D009958', 'Disease') :: ['oral-facial-digital syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11124 :: ('MESH:D008260', 'Disease') :: ['macroglossia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity11124 :: (MESH:D008260,Disease) :: ['macroglossia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effect of 0.1% @entity3522 (DS) eyedrops made in China on preventing surgically induced @entity15496 and @entity32 . METHODS: Seventy cases of @entity231 inpatients were randomly divided into two groups. DS eyedrops and normal saline as placebo were applied respectively 3 h, 1 h, 0.5 h before operation and once every morning for 7 days after operation. The pupil diameter was measured five times at different stages during the extracapsular @entity231 extraction. The eyepain, @entity3917 , conjunctival injection, KP, aqueous flare and light reaction of pupil were observed once a day after operation for a week. RESULTS: 37 eyes in DS group and 33 eyes in placebo group were included in the study. 32 of 37 eyes in DS group (86.5%) maintained @entity5564 in all stages of operation and 33 eyes (89.2%) did not show any obvious sign of @entity32 . There was statistically significant difference between the two groups. No serious side effects occurred in the DS group. CONCLUSIONS: The DS eyedrops can prevent surgically induced @entity15496 . Its antiinflammatory effect was significantly better than that of placebo drops.

title: Clinical study of @entity3522 eyedrops used before and after XXXX operation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Careful diagnostic and early therapy are especially important in cases of scaphoid @entity174 . This is due to the @entity1 being mostly young and the high number of non-unions of these carpal bones. Conservative and various operative treatments are therapeutical options. Out of the @entity1 who underwent surgery from January 1993 to February 1999 42 @entity1 with a @entity174 and 88 @entity1 with a scaphoid non-union were, in addition to standard X-ray examination, examined clinically and by MRI pre- and post-operatively. @entity174 of the scaphoid were treated by Herbert screw fixation. The operative treatment of non-unions of the scaphoid included the transplantation of an iliac crest graft and Herbert screw fixation. Post-operatively a cast-immobilisation was done. Subjective statements of the @entity1 and clinical results were assessed. The classification of Herbert and Fisher (1984)/Filan and Herbert (1996) for X-rays was used. The signal intensities of the MRI in the fragments of the scaphoid were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by computer calculation, comparing the pre- and post-operative results with one another. Post-operative results of the scaphoid @entity174 were in most cases good and excellent. 67 @entity1 with a scaphoid non-union and 11 with a @entity174 showed a pre-operative diminishing of the signal in the proximal fragment. For these @entity1 , the fusion rate was lower than in @entity1 without pre-operative signal reduction. The examination shows that in most cases bony fusions with good clinical results could be achieved by Herbert screw fixation. The MRI seems to be able to complete the radiological classification of the @entity174 regarding a prognosis.

title: [Scaphoid XXXX and scaphoid pseudarthrosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'scaphoid fracture', 'Fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: AIMS: To bring further insight into the mechanism of @entity205 ( @entity870 )-induced hepatotoxicity, the acute effect of @entity870 on local hepatic blood flow (LHBF) and its association with systemic hemodynamics, histopathological and biochemical indicators of @entity99 were studied in @entity840 in vivo. The association of endothelin (ET) and/or Cremophor-EL (C-EL, vehicle in parenteral @entity870 preparation) with @entity870 effects was also investigated. MAIN METHODS: Animals were assigned into five groups; control, @entity870 , C-EL, Bosentan (non-selective ET receptor antagonist)+ @entity870 , and @entity11344 (ET(A) receptor antagonist)+ @entity870 . @entity870 was infused intravenously (i.v.) at 20 and 10mg/kg doses by 15 min interval. Antagonists were administered 15 min before @entity870 infusion. LHBF and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) changes were simultaneously recorded. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. KEY FINDINGS: @entity870 , but not C-EL, decreased LHBF by 53.3% at the end of 30 min. Although being non-significant, @entity870 slightly increased MAP suggesting that, @entity870 -induced acute decrease in LHBF was likely independent of MAP changes. Bosentan (5mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity11344 (1mg/kg, i.v.) pre-treatments prevented the @entity870 -induced decrease in LHBF suggesting that @entity870 decreases LHBF through an ET-related mechanism. Additionally, @entity870 , but not its vehicle C-EL, caused marked acute pathological changes in the liver morphology. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity870 -induced findings of acute hepatotoxicity were prevented by @entity12584 and @entity11344 pre-treatments. Thus, @entity870 seems to exert acute hepatotoxic effect through ET-related mechanisms.

title: @entity205 -induced acute hepatotoxicity in XXXX is associated with endothelin-mediated @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver toxicity']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of the duration and intensity of episodes of @entity428 on 6-month neurological outcome in adult and paediatric @entity131 . METHODS: Analysis of prospectively collected minute-by-minute intracranial pressure and mean arterial blood pressure data of 261 adult and 99 paediatric @entity131 @entity1 from multiple European centres. The relationship of episodes of @entity428 (defined as a pressure above a certain threshold during a certain time) with 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale was visualized in a colour-coded plot. RESULTS: The colour-coded plot illustrates the intuitive concept that episodes of higher intracranial pressure can only be tolerated for shorter durations: the curve that delineates the duration and intensity of those intracranial pressure episodes associated with worse outcome is an approximately exponential decay curve. In @entity1 , the curve resembles that of adults, but the delineation between episodes associated with worse outcome occurs at lower intracranial pressure thresholds. Intracranial pressures above 20  mmHg lasting longer than 37  min in adults, and longer than 8  min in @entity1 , are associated with worse outcomes. In a multivariate model, together with known baseline risk factors for outcome in severe @entity131 , the cumulative intracranial pressure-time burden is independently associated with mortality. When cerebrovascular autoregulation, assessed with the low-frequency autoregulation index, is impaired, the ability to tolerate elevated intracranial pressures is reduced. When the cerebral perfusion pressure is below 50  mmHg, all intracranial pressure insults, regardless of duration, are associated with worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The intracranial pressure-time burden associated with worse outcome is visualised in a colour-coded plot. In @entity1 , secondary injury occurs at lower intracranial pressure thresholds as compared to adults. Impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation reduces the ability to tolerate intracranial pressure insults. Thus, 50  mmHg might be the lower acceptable threshold for cerebral perfusion pressure.

title: Visualizing the pressure and time burden of @entity428 in adult and paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure', 'increased intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: A major challenge in gene therapy is to achieve efficient transduction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). It has previously been shown that lentiviral vectors (LV) transduce efficiently @entity1 cord blood-derived @entity25006 / @entity915 @entity19 repopulating cells (SRC). Here we studied the effect of cytokines during the short ex vivo incubation with vector. Although SRC transduction was efficient without stimulation, the presence of cytokines significantly improved it. The treatment did not affect the engraftment level or the SRC frequency, but seemed to enhance SRC susceptibility to LV. SRC transduced in both conditions repopulated primary and secondary recipients, maintaining stable multi-lineage transgene expression. Using linear amplification-mediated PCR, we then analyzed vector integration in the bone marrow and @entity25938 of the engrafted @entity19 to monitor the clonal activity of the transduced SRC in vivo. We showed polyclonal engraftment, multi-lineage differentiation, and propagation to secondary recipients of individual SRC. We observed multiple integrations in most clones. These results provide the first formal demonstration that primitive @entity1 HSC with self-renewal and multi-lineage repopulation capacities were transduced by LV. Our findings are relevant for the design of clinical protocols that exploit this system to reach significant engraftment by genetically modified HSC in the absence of in vivo selection or strong conditioning regimens.

title: Molecular evidence of lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer into @entity1 self-renewing, multi-potent, long-term @entity25006 / XXXX repopulating hematopoietic cells.

answer: @entity915 :: (MESH:D053632,Disease) :: ['SCID']


abstract: Twenty-seven quarters of 18 lactating dairy @entity291 were inoculated intramammarily with 3.6 X 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) of a strain of @entity8211 isolated from a @entity291 with clinical @entity1271 . Before quarters were inoculated, 22 were considered as naturally colonized with Corynebacterium bovis, and 5 were considered bacteriologically negative. @entity8211 was isolated from all quarters within 2 days after inoculation, and all quarters developed clinical @entity1271 by 3 days after inoculation. @entity1271 was acute, and most @entity291 had increased rectal temperatures. The number of somatic cells increased significantly (P less than 0.05), and milk production decreased significantly. In many @entity291 , rectal temperatures remained increased, and Str uberis was isolated from infected glands after intramammary and systemic antimicrobial treatments were given. A decreased number (110 CFU) of the same strain of Str uberis caused equally severe @entity1271 in 3 quarters colonized with @entity4210 and in 1 bacteriologically negative quarter in 2 @entity291 . @entity8211 was isolated from all inoculated quarters, and all quarters developed clinical @entity1271 by 2 days after inoculation. Two quarters colonized with @entity4210 and 2 bacteriologically negative quarters were inoculated once with 25 CFU and once with 240 CFU of a different strain of Str uberis (ATCC 27958). @entity8211 was never isolated from inoculated quarters, and changes in milk yield or number of somatic cells were not observed.

title: Experimental infection of lactating XXXX mammary glands with @entity8211 in quarters colonized by Corynebacterium bovis.

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['Mastitis', 'mastitis']

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: AIM: To examine the feasibility of @entity1478 ( @entity1478 ), using a curved microwave applicator, in @entity1 with @entity931 caused by a submucous @entity1868 greater than 3 cm in diameter, which is among the contraindications for conventional endometrial ablation. METHODS: @entity1 included were refractory to medication, more than 45 years of age, and due to undergo hysterectomy to treat @entity931 as a result of @entity1868 , although they hoped to avoid hysterectomy. Three @entity1 underwent @entity1478 at 2.45 GHz using a curved microwave applicator and microwave tissue coagulator to treat @entity931 . @entity1 1, 2 and 3 had submucous @entity1868 nodes 4.5, 5.0 and 13 cm in diameter respectively. The applicator was guided under transabdominal ultrasonography to microwave irradiation sites arranged to cover the entire uterine lining based on preoperative magnetic resonance images. @entity1478 was performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. Microwaves were irradiated at 40 W for 50 s for single irradiation sites. RESULTS: @entity1 1 became amenorrheic after the second @entity1478 , which was performed 2 months after the first operation. @entity1 2 and 3 became amenorrheic after the first @entity1478 . Postoperative abdominal @entity158 was controllable by a suppository of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The @entity1 were discharged the day after the operation. No remarkable complications were encountered during or after surgery. CONCLUSION: Microwave endometrial ablation improves @entity931 caused by large @entity1868 when the microwave applicator reaches all parts of the uterine cavity.

title: Microwave endometrial ablation for XXXX caused by large @entity1868 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['microwave endometrial ablation', 'MEA']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['myoma', 'submucous myomas']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate variables associated with myopic progression despite treatment in the @entity3897 in the Treatment of @entity1714 Study. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Two hundred of 400 @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity3897 1% in 1 eye only in this institutional study. @entity1 were followed up with cycloplegic autorefraction every 4  months over 2 years. @entity1 whose @entity1714 progressed by more than 0.5 diopter (D) in the @entity3897 -treated eye at 1 year were classified as being progressors. RESULTS: Among the 182 @entity1 still in the study at 1 year, 22 (12.1%) were classified as progressors. Univariate analysis suggested these @entity1 tended to be younger (8.5    1.4 years vs 9.3    1.5 years; P  = .023), to have higher myopic spherical equivalent (SE) at baseline (-3.6    1.3 D vs  -2.8    1.4 D; P  = .015), and to have 2 myopic parents (77.3% vs 48.1%; P  = .012). In nonprogressors, the @entity1714 progression at 1 year was less in the @entity3897 -treated eyes compared with the untreated fellow eye (+0.16    0.37 D vs  -0.73    0.48 D; P < .001), but in progressors, progression was more similar between eyes (-0.92    0.31 D vs  -1.06    0.44 D; P  = .363). Regression analysis showed that the risk of being a progressor was 40% lower with each year of increased age, 43% lower for every 1.0 D less in @entity1714 at baseline, and 59% lower for every 1.0 D less in myopic change in the untreated eyes over the first year. CONCLUSIONS: Doctors and parents need to be aware that there is a small group of @entity1 (younger, with higher @entity1714 , and greater tendency of myopic progression) who may still progress while receiving @entity3897 treatment.

title: Risk Factors for Progressive @entity1714 in the @entity3897 Therapy for XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['Myopia', 'myopia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['Myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo data have shown that @entity554 treatment promotes an anti-inflammatory milieu with few adverse effects toward the gastrointestinal tract. The in vivo studies reported here further evaluate @entity554 effects in 2 @entity19 models of @entity29 . METHOD: Chronic dextran sulfate @entity1372 @entity1960 was induced in age- and weight-matched C57Bl/6 @entity19 by 4 cycles of dextran sulfate @entity1372 administration (6-8 animals/group). At cycle 4, animals were administered @entity10211 ( @entity10211 , 30 mg/kg) or vehicle (oral gavage) or @entity61029 (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) daily. @entity784 was induced in CB17 @entity915 @entity19 by transfer of naive CD4CD62L T cells and treated by transfer of regulatory CD4CD25 T cells (4-6 animals/group); isolated from BALB/c @entity19 after treatment with @entity10211 or vehicle, as above, for 2 weeks. Assessments included endoscopic and histological scores, @entity10873 activity, serum cytokines, and plasma @entity10211 levels. RESULTS: @entity554 -treated animals with @entity1960 showed comparable changes in @entity10873 activity, and endoscopic and histological scores, versus untreated animals with @entity1960 . Modest and comparable changes were seen in body weight and colon length in animals injected with naive T cells from @entity10211 -treated donors versus those injected with T cells from vehicle-treated donors. @entity554 treatment was consistently associated with lower interleukin-12 levels, which, after the transfer of naive T cells from @entity10211 -treated donors, supported @entity10211 -mediated predisposition of naive T cells toward reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression. @entity1960 had no effect on @entity10211 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4878 attenuate the proinflammatory cytokine response in vivo, with only modest effects on body weight and parameters of gastrointestinal morphology.

title: Effects of XXXX in @entity19 models of @entity1960 : benefit or danger to the gastrointestinal tract?

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoids']

entities_list: @entity61029 :: ('MESH:C002202', 'Chemical') :: ['4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell transfer colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'Colitis']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid', 'isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoid', 'retinoid']

answer: @entity4878 :: (MESH:D012176,Chemical) :: ['retinoids']


abstract: AIM: Stress-activated signaling pathways responsible for @entity99 reperfusion injury and their modulation by protective interventions are widely unknown. Preconditioning of @entity35 livers with @entity12579 (ANP) @entity63 reperfusion injury (Gerbes et al. Hepatology 1998, 28:1309-1317). Since ANP has recently been shown to be a regulator of the @entity12220 MAPK pathway in endothelial cells (Kiemer et al. Circ Res 2002, 90:874-881), aim of this study was to investigate activities of MAPK during @entity63 and reperfusion and effects of ANP on MAPK. METHODS: @entity35 livers were perfused with KH-buffer in the presence or absence of ANP for 20 min, kept in cold UW solution for 24 h, and reperfused for up to 120 min. Activities of @entity12220 MAPK and @entity6336 was determined by in vitro phosphorylation assays using @entity8382 and c-jun as substrates. After @entity214 /PAGE electrophoresis, gels were quantified by phosphorimaging. RESULTS: Activity of @entity12220 MAPK in control organs decreased in the course of @entity63 and reperfusion by 85%, whereas ANP increased @entity12220 activity by up to 30-fold. @entity6336 activation of control livers increased in the course of @entity63 and reperfusion by up to three-fold. This increase in @entity6336 activity was slightly elevated in ANP preconditioned organs. CONCLUSION: This work represents a systematic investigation of MAPK activation during @entity409 and reperfusion. Employing ANP, for the first time a pharmacological approach to modulate these central signal transduction molecules is presented.

title: Stimulation of XXXX MAPK by hormonal preconditioning with @entity12579 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['attenuates ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver ischemia']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Atrial Natriuretic Peptide']

answer: @entity12220 :: (81649(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the antitumor activity and safety of concurrent continuous infusion of @entity900 and @entity2879 in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity900 (30 mg/m2 daily) and @entity2879 (80 mg/m2 daily) were given as a 24-h continuous infusion for 72 h to 48 @entity1 with previously untreated advanced @entity1149 . Of the 46 evaluable @entity1 , 9 achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 20% (95% confidence interval, 9.4%-33.9%). The median duration of response was 23 weeks. The median duration of survival for all @entity1 was 34.4 weeks. The major @entity137 was hematologic. @entity1431 (WHO grade > or = 3) was observed in 22 @entity1 (48%) and @entity882 (WHO grade > or = 3), in 13 @entity1 (28%). In all, 20 @entity1 (43%) experienced severe @entity417 (WHO grade > or = 3). Nonhematologic @entity137 mainly consisted of moderate to severe @entity1665 in 33 @entity1 (72%) and moderate to severe @entity390 and @entity391 in 25 @entity1 (54%). No significant nephrotoxicity was seen. We conclude that a 72-h concurrent continuous infusion of @entity900 and @entity2879 does not appear to be active against advanced @entity1149 .

title: Phase II study of a 72-h concurrent continuous infusion of XXXX and @entity2879 in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Recently, three polygalacturonase (PG) cDNAs ( @entity58451 , @entity58452 , and @entity58453 ) were identified in a library prepared from @entity523 ( @entity523 cv. Rutgers) leaf abscission zones. Genomic clones encoding these three cDNAs have been identified. Moreover, the genomic clones include three additional PG genes, TPG3, TAPG5 and @entity58454 , which have not been previously reported. A transcript for TAPG5 was detected in the RNA from leaf and flower abscission zones; however, transcripts for TPG3 and @entity58454 were not. DNA sequence analysis revealed that @entity58451 , @entity58452 , and TPG3 are linked in a close tandem array. @entity58453 , TAPG5 and @entity58454 are also closely linked to each other but in divergent and inverted orientations and are not closely linked to @entity58451 , @entity58452 , or TPG3. @entity58453 , TAPG5 and @entity58454 map to the middle of chromosome 12. @entity58454 contains two introns. The other five PG genes include four exons and three introns. The relative positions of introns 1 and 2 are shared by all six PG genes. The position of intron 3 is conserved in the other five. The structure of the @entity523 fruit PG gene, which contains 8 introns, is compared with that of the six PG genes described above. Of interest is an approximately 300 bp inverted repeat found in @entity58451 , @entity58452 and @entity58453 that shares significant sequence identity with sequence in the first intron of the @entity523 anionic @entity58455 gene, @entity58456 . RNA blot analysis indicates that the transcript for an anionic @entity58455 increases during abscission. In addition, a 250 bp sequence found in TPG3 shares high sequence identity with a 5' upstream region in a wound-induced @entity58457 gene from @entity415 . Potential sites of transcriptional regulation in these genes are discussed.

title: Genomic organization of six XXXX polygalacturonases and 5' upstream sequence identity with @entity58456 and @entity58457 genes.

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Lycopersicon esculentum']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: Despite of development of various supporting devices in the endovascular treatment (EVT) of @entity439 , the procedure remains very challenging. We describe a small series of @entity1 with relatively @entity439 treated only by use of 3D coils without supporting devices. In the period July 2011 - August 2012, we treated 23 @entity1 with @entity439 necks > 4 mm or dome/neck ratios < 2. @entity439 were located in the anterior circulation in 16 @entity1 and in the posterior circulation in seven. The size of @entity439 ranged from three to 21 mm. EVT was achieved by introducing 3D coils of different dimensions in a "Russian doll" fashion. Immediate angiographic results showed @entity439 in 15 @entity1 , small neck remnant in two, and coil protrusion/herniation in four. In one of these cases we had an occlusion of the parent artery and in another case occlusion of the ascending branch ( @entity76 ), fortunately both @entity1 remained symptom-free. Clinical results were excellent in 19 @entity1 . One @entity1 developed mild @entity51 in the treated territory immediately after the procedure; the @entity1 recovered with mild @entity1269 . One @entity1 developed a delayed @entity64 in another territory: after treatment the @entity1 left hospital with @entity2026 and @entity1269 . The use of 3D coils without neck supporting devices may be a useful alternative in selected cases of @entity439 . Larger series with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate the value of this approach.

title: Endovascular treatment of wide-neck, ruptured and XXXX without supporting devices. A single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['complete aneurysm obliteration', 'aneurysms', 'wide-neck aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['superior cerebellar artery']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['unruptured aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of the over expression of @entity13525 , a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor and @entity5 suppressor protein, on the 786-0 @entity1 @entity703 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus Adp27Kip1 was evaluated for the induction of @entity993 protein expression in 786-0 @entity703 cells. Expression time and optimal vector concentration were determined. Growth curve studies, cell cycle analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick end-labeling were done to determine the effects of @entity13525 on the cell cycle. Cyclin dependent protein kinase (Cdk) inhibitor (CDKI) activity assays were done to determine the expression/activities of Cdks and Western blot analysis was performed to determine the presence of CDKIs and other cell cycle regulator proteins. Nude @entity19 xenografts were established to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of Adp27Kip1. RESULTS: @entity13525 protein expression was detected within 12 hours after @entity281 and it remained stable for at least 48 hours. Growth studies demonstrated that @entity281 resulted in the inhibition of proliferation by 3 days after @entity281 and cell death was detected by day 5. Cell cycle analysis of DNA content indicated an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of Adp27Kip1 infected cells and a corresponding decrease in S phase cells within 48 hours after @entity281 . Cdk activity was determined, and @entity15308 , @entity8985 and @entity10610 kinase activities were inhibited, consistent with @entity13525 over expression. The levels of the CDKIs @entity986 and @entity30291 were elevated 24 hours after @entity281 , while @entity994 levels remained unchanged. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick end-labeling revealed that @entity281 but not @entity281 by control virus induced detectable apoptosis within 24 hours. Adp27 @entity13525 significantly caused the reduction in the size of @entity5 of the @entity1358 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of Adp27Kip1 as a vector for gene therapy studies of @entity1358 .

title: A recombinant adenovirus expressing p7( @entity13525 ) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in @entity1 786-0 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Adp27Kip1 infection']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal carcinoma']


abstract: From 1987 to 1993 21 @entity1 with inoperable @entity1204 of all stages received primary radiation therapy. @entity1 were treated either with combined external beam radiation (EBRT) and @entity34 ( @entity34 ) or @entity34 alone. @entity34 was delivered in @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) mode. According to @entity5 stage 3 to 6 times 7 or 10 Gy were applied to line A, one session per week. Due to changing dose prescriptions total doses for EBRT ranged from 45 to 50.4 Gy. 65% of @entity1 died until the end of follow-up (range 6 to 66 months). 23% died due to progressing @entity5 or therapeutic sequelae ( @entity548 ), 42% died from intercurrent disease. Only 6 @entity1 are alive, one of them with @entity5 . After a complete course of radiation therapy there was no in-field relapse. One @entity1 irradiated with curative intention developed paraaortal lymph node @entity3 . During the observation time of our study most @entity1 died of no @entity5 related reasons. Primary radiation therapy does effectively control @entity1204 . However, old age, @entity146 and concomitant disease compromise survival rates after radiation therapy alone.

title: [Primary radiotherapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced general condition']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['afterloading therapy', 'AL']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2664 and @entity2879 have both been shown to be effective in de novo @entity3052 . Therefore, the combination of @entity2664 and @entity2879 , the NOVE regimen, was examined in the treatment of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) transformed into @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Twenty-one previously untreated @entity1 (eight females, thirteen males) with a median age of 56 years (range 28-67 years) were studied. Diagnosis of @entity2590 was made within the range of six months to three years before transformation into @entity3052 occurred. The NOVE regimen consisted of @entity2664 10 mg/m2 day 1-5, and of @entity2879 100 mg/m2 day 1-5. After one single course of therapy eleven @entity1 achieved a complete remission (CR) and three @entity1 a partial remission (PR). Nine @entity1 (six in CR and three in PR) received a second course, and the PR was completed to a CR in one @entity1 . Thus, the overall response rate was 66% (14/21 @entity1 ), and the CR rate was 57% (12/21 @entity1 ). Median duration of CR was 7 months (range 2-10 months). Median survival was 10 months (range 3-20 months) for complete responders and 3 months (range 1-10 months) for @entity1 who did not achieve a CR. For @entity1 with subsequent CR, median time of @entity3028 (< 500/microliters) and @entity882 (< 20.000/microliters) was 20 days and 18 days, respectively. In conclusion, the NOVE regimen appears to be effective in @entity3052 secondary to @entity2590 . However, strategies for remission maintenance are warranted.

title: Combination of @entity2664 and @entity2879 in the treatment of XXXX transformed into @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: While @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) is an infamous carcinogen, it is also an effective chemotherapeutic agent for @entity2799 and some solid @entity5 . In @entity1 @entity957 A431 cells, we found that @entity9188 induced cell death in time- and dose-dependent manners. Similarly, dependent regulation of the @entity994 ( @entity994 ) promoter, mRNA synthesis, and resultant protein expression was also observed. Additionally, transfection of a small interfering RNA of @entity994 could block the @entity9188 -induced cell growth arrest. The @entity9188 -induced @entity994 activation was attenuated by inhibitors of @entity470 and @entity8047 in a dose-dependent manner. Using a reporter assay, we demonstrated the involvement of the @entity470 -Ras-Raf- @entity1366 pathway in the promoter activation. In contrast, @entity4675 inhibitor enhanced the @entity9188 -induced @entity994 activation, also in a dose-dependent fashion. Over-expression of a dominant negative @entity4675 plasmid likewise also enhanced this activation. Furthermore, @entity8047 inhibitor attenuated the anti- @entity5 effect of @entity9188 . In contrast, in combination with @entity4675 inhibitor and @entity9188 enhanced cellular @entity137 . Therefore, we conclude that in A431 cells the @entity1366 and @entity4675 pathways might differentially contribute to @entity9188 -induced @entity994 expression and then due to cellular @entity137 .

title: Opposite effect of @entity1366 and XXXX on p53-independent @entity994 activation involved in the @entity4447 -induced @entity1 @entity957 A431 cellular @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

answer: @entity4675 :: (5599,Gene) :: ['JNK']


abstract: While not negating the seriousness of @entity378 and the need to prevent and combat the disease effectively, the large percentage of infected, apparently healthy individuals who harbour latent infections warrants consideration whether an endosymbiotic relationship is being established between mycobacteria and @entity1 . By means of a gene decay process eliminating their most metabolically important pathogenic genes associated with an increasing need for host gene products during prolonged intracellular survival, mycobacteria appears to be undergoing a process of establishing a less dangerous relationship with its host. To have tolerated this relationship over time, @entity1 must have benefited. This is suggested to have occurred via changes in DNA higher order structure altering combinatorially regulated gene expression allowing increased cerebrodiversity. It can be expected that, beyond a certain threshold, negative effects ensued, leading to neuropathology and increased susceptibility for certain @entity146 . These processes have probably been happening since the earliest contact with mycobacteria, but recently may have become modified by the emergence of epidemic @entity378 and waves of increased oxidative stress following the circumstances associated with the Industrial Revolution and the more recent @entity791 pandemic. The organism seems to have uniquely exploited the normal stress reaction of the host. Genomic stresses include changes associated with glucocorticoid effects as well as upregulated reactive @entity26 species and stress/(heat shock) protein production, the latter two of which result in host cell cycle delay. Subsequently replication dependent chromosomal fragile sites appear in the host genome and together with upregulated chaperonins and mobile element activation, the scene is set for sequence exchange between the organism and host. If proven, these events raise the possibility of modifying chromatin epigenetically to retain the proposed advantages while silencing pathogenicity factors.

title: Is there an emerging endosymbiotic relationship between mycobacteria and the XXXX host based on horizontal transfer of genetic sequences?

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is strongly associated with social and economic factors. The city of Porto Alegre, in the South of Brazil, has one of the highest @entity1 Development Index and Gross Domestic Product per capita of the country. One would expect that the incidence of @entity378 in such a place were low. However, the city has very high rates of incidence, the highest among Brazilian capitals. This paradox prompted this work, whose objectives were to analyze the spatial distribution of the incidence rate of @entity1907 throughout the neighborhoods of Porto Alegre and its association with socioeconomic indicators. METHODS: Ecological non-concurrent cohort study. The units of analysis were the neighborhoods of the city. The average annual incidence of @entity1907 for the period 2000 to 2005 and seven socioeconomic variables were analyzed, with information obtained from the IBGE and the Mortality Information System. Spatial techniques and multivariate analyzes were used to check associations. Inequalities were also measured. RESULTS: The spatial distribution of the incidence rate of @entity1907 is very similar, i.e., associated with the distribution of socioeconomic factors. The Relative Index of Inequality was 7.9, showing the great difference in the incidence rate between neighborhoods. CONCLUSION: Porto Alegre presents high incidence rates of @entity1907 , which distribution through the neighborhoods of the city is associated with socioeconomic factors. The city's high rate is due to the extremely high incidence rates in its poorest neighborhoods. The authors raise hypotheses and suggest interventions.

title: The Porto Alegre paradox: social determinants and XXXX incidence.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Chemically modified @entity2930 are a group of non-antimicrobial @entity803 derivatives, which possess antiinflammatory, anticollagenolytic and antiproliferative properties. Here we studied the effects of four different chemically modified @entity2930 (CMT-1, CMT-3, @entity33954 and @entity57852 ) on proliferation and viability of cultured @entity19 and @entity1 mast cells. All studied @entity57853 (25 microM) effectively inhibited the viability and proliferation of @entity1 mast cell line (HMC-1) cells and @entity19 bone marrow derived mast cells (mBMMCs), as judged by @entity3460 exclusion and by incorporation of @entity665 . The antiproliferative effect of @entity57853 was not dependent on the stimulating growth factor, i.e. @entity57853 inhibited both @entity2772 and @entity6826 -induced proliferation of mBMMCs. The reduced viability of mast cells was due to induction of apoptosis, as indicated by the increased amount of apoptotic nucleosomes and the appearance of TUNEL positive cells in the presence of @entity57853 . The induction of apoptosis was further confirmed by showing that CMT-3 induces activation of @entity522 and @entity8187 in HMC-1 cells. Additionally, CMT-3 induced downregulation of the expression of antiapoptotic @entity588 protein in HMC-1 cells. Compared to @entity3403 , the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of different @entity57853 were clearly more pronounced. Of the studied @entity57853 , @entity33954 appeared to be the most potent inhibitors of mast cell proliferation and survival. The present results show that @entity57853 have an antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on both malignant and non-malignant mast cells. In conclusion, @entity57853 could offer a novel means to @entity74 with inappropriate expansion of mast cells, such as @entity309 and systemic mast cell diseases.

title: Chemically modified XXXX induce apoptosis in cultured mast cells.

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['treat disorders']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity2930 :: (MESH:D013754,Chemical) :: ['tetracyclines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our experience with preoperative chemoradiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity420 of the distal esophagus and pretreatment endoscopic ultrasonography-identified celiac adenopathy. METHODS: One hundred eighty-six @entity1 with @entity420 of the distal esophagus were staged with endoscopic ultrasonography before treatment from 1997 through 2004. All @entity1 were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT group) and surgical intervention or induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C--> @entity12506 group) and surgical intervention. Survival analysis (excluding operative mortality) evaluated various pretreatment factors. RESULTS: Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that pretreatment endoscopic ultrasonography-identified celiac adenopathy was a significant predictor of decreased long-term survival (P = .03). Median and 3-year survivals were 49 months and 54% in the endoscopic ultrasonography-identified cN0 M0 group (n = 65), 45 months and 56% in the endoscopic ultrasonography-identified cN1 M0 group (n = 96), and 19 months and 12% in the endoscopic ultrasonography-identified celiac adenopathy (cM1a) group (n = 18; P = .03). Increased systemic relapse was noted in the endoscopic ultrasonography-identified cM1a group (44% vs 22%, P = .07). The only factor associated with increased survival in the endoscopic ultrasonography-identified cM1a group (27 vs 15 months, P = .02) was the addition of induction chemotherapy before concurrent chemoradiotherapy and surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic ultrasonography-identified celiac adenopathy in @entity1 with @entity420 of the distal esophagus conveys a poor prognosis despite preoperative chemoradiotherapy. These @entity1 should be stratified in future multimodality trials. The investigation of induction chemotherapy before concurrent chemoradiotherapy might be warranted in this high-risk group of @entity1 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasonography-identified celiac adenopathy remains a poor prognostic factor despite preoperative chemoradiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate a large series of @entity1 for functional, radiographic and MRI outcomes after a Chevron-type @entity10036 . METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 underwent a Chevron-type @entity10036 with a median follow-up of 34.5 months. Standard digital radiographs were used to determine bony union and the angle of the osteotomy relative to the @entity2270 of the tibia. Morphologic and quantitative T2-mapping MRI was also analysed in 32 @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 (94 %) reported being asymptomatic at the site of the @entity10036 . The median time to healing on standard radiograph was 6 weeks (range, 4-6 weeks) with an angle of 31.7      6.9  . Quantitative T2-mapping MRI analysis demonstrated that the deep half of interface repair tissue had relaxation times that were not significantly different from normal tibial cartilage. In contrast, interface repair tissue in the superficial half demonstrated significant prolongation from normal relaxation time values, indicating a more fibrocartilaginous repair. Four @entity1 (6 %) reported @entity158 post-operatively. CONCLUSION: A Chevron-type @entity10036 demonstrates satisfactory healing and fixation, with fibrocartilaginous tissue evident superficially at the osteotomy interface. Further investigation is warranted in the form of longitudinal study to assess the long-term outcomes of @entity10036 .

title: Chevron-type XXXX : a functional, radiographic and quantitative T2-mapping MRI analysis.

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['medial malleolar osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal axis']

answer: @entity10036 :: (MESH:D020423,Disease) :: ['medial malleolar osteotomy']


abstract: The purposes of this study were to compare the survival of @entity43 @entity1 with splenic @entity3 to @entity1 without it and to evaluate the complications of the procedure. A retrospective study was performed on 34 @entity1 with @entity43 who underwent splenectomy for initial cytoreduction at gynecologic oncology unit of Hacettepe University Hospitals between 1989 and 2001. All @entity1 had FIGO stage IIIC disease and were left with <1 cm @entity41 after surgery. Eighteen @entity1 (52.9%) had splenic @entity3 . @entity1 with splenic @entity3 tended poorer survival. Median survivals were 28.9 and 41.3 months for @entity1 with @entity4558 and for @entity1 without it, respectively (P > 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that performance status and histologic type influenced survival. Histologic type and performance status were identified as independent risk factors by multivariate analysis. @entity260 were developed in ten (29.4%) @entity1 and three of these (8.8%) died in 1 month after operation. None of the complications was attributed directly to the splenectomy procedure. Complete surgical cytoreduction confers a survival benefit whether the parenchyma was involved or not. The splenectomy should be considered with its acceptable morbidity in selected @entity1 who have a chance to achieve optimal debulking.

title: The influence of splenic metastases on survival in FIGO stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer']