abstract: This study examined the wound-healing process of exposed @entity35 pulp when treated with experimental adhesive resin systems. The experimental direct pulp capping adhesive resin systems were composed of primer-I, primer-II and an experimental bonding agent. Primer-I was Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) primer containing 1.0 or 5.0 wt% @entity3282 , and primer-II was CSE primer containing 0.1, 1.0 or 5.0 wt% compound of equal mole of pA and pB with synthetic peptides derived from @entity15582 ( @entity15582 ). Primer-I containing 1.0 and 5.0 wt% @entity3282 was assigned to the experimental groups 1-3 and 4-6, respectively. Primer-II containing 0.1, 1.0 or 5.0 wt% compound of pA and pB was assigned to the experimental groups 1 and 4, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6, respectively. In all experimental groups, CSE bond containing 10 wt% @entity692 powder was used as the experimental bonding agent. The positive control teeth were capped with @entity6086 preparation (Dycal), and the negative control teeth were capped with CSE. The specimens were alternately stained with Mayer's H_E and the enhanced polymer one-step staining methods. Experimental groups 1, 4, 5 and 6 showed a higher level of reparative dentin formation compared to the negative control 14 days postoperatively. At 28 days postoperatively, all experimental groups showed the formation of extensive reparative dentin, and experimental groups 4, 5 and 6 demonstrated similar dentin bridge formation as that of the positive control. How quickly reparative dentin formation occurs may depend on the concentration of @entity3282 and the compound of pA and pB in the experimental primer.

title: Direct pulp capping effect with experimentally developed adhesive resin systems containing reparative dentin-promoting agents on XXXX pulp: mixed amounts of additives and their effect on wound healing.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity3630 ( @entity3630 ), a subtype of C3 @entity8 , is a @entity395 affecting mostly @entity1 . Treatment options are limited. Debate exists whether eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody against @entity2244 , is effective in @entity3630 . Reported data are scarce, especially in @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The authors analyzed clinical and histologic data of five pediatric @entity1 with a native kidney biopsy diagnosis of @entity3630 . @entity1 received eculizumab as therapy of last resort for severe nephritic or @entity1985 with alternative pathway complement activation; this therapy was given only when the @entity1 had not or only marginally responded to immunosuppressive therapy. Outcome measures were kidney function, @entity644 , and urine analysis. RESULTS: In all, seven disease episodes were treated with eculizumab (six episodes of severe @entity751 [two of which required dialysis] and one @entity1985 episode). Median age at treatment start was 8.4 (range, 5.9-13) years. For three treatment episodes, eculizumab was the sole immunosuppressive treatment. In all @entity1 , both @entity644 and renal function improved significantly within 12 weeks of treatment (median urinary protein-to- @entity1011 ratio of 8.5 [range, 2.2-17] versus 1.1 [range, 0.2-2.0] g/g, P<0.005, and @entity470 of 58 [range, 17-114] versus 77 [range, 50-129] ml/min per 1.73 m(2), P<0.01). A striking finding was the disappearance of leukocyturia within 1 week after the first eculizumab dose in all five episodes with leukocyturia at treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series of pediatric @entity1 with @entity3630 , eculizumab treatment was associated with reduction in @entity644 and increase in @entity470 . Leukocyturia resolved within 1 week of initiation of eculizumab treatment. These results underscore the need for a randomized trial of eculizumab in @entity3630 .

title: Eculizumab in Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['complement factor C5']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['DDD', 'Dense deposit disease']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['nephritic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity3630 :: (MESH:D015432,Disease) :: ['Dense Deposit Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous large studies have shown that @entity1 with @entity784 are at increased risk for @entity1491 and @entity957 , and anecdotal case reports have suggested an association with @entity320 . It has been postulated that the exposure of cutaneous structures to potentially carcinogenic therapies, such as ionizing radiation or alkylating agents, might be causally associated with the development of these second @entity5 , but, to date, no study has directly addressed this issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of second @entity5 in a group of @entity1 with @entity784 treated with total skin electron beam therapy and to examine the additional effects of oral psoralen with UV-A phototherapy, topical @entity3700 therapy, and further radiation therapy. One hundred sixty-four @entity1 with @entity784 who had received total skin electron beam therapy between 1974 and 1990 were identified, and information was abstracted from their records. RESULTS: Six @entity1 developed @entity320 to 95 months after total skin electron beam therapy. Of the six @entity1 , three had received oral psoralen with UV-A as additional therapy and two had received topical @entity3700 . None had received additional radiation therapy. Twenty-four @entity1 developed more than 37 @entity1491 and 34 @entity957 from 11 months to more than 10 years after total skin electron beam therapy. Of the 24 @entity1 , 15 had received oral psoralen with UV-A and 12 had received @entity3700 as additional therapy. Additional radiation therapy had been administered to nine @entity1 . During a median follow-up of 6 years, no @entity1 died of any second @entity5 . CONCLUSION: We found a high rate of both @entity320 and @entity1489 . The additional use of @entity3700 or oral @entity6339 plus UV-A, but not radiation, was significantly associated with the development of @entity1491 and @entity957 , but not @entity320 .

title: @entity320 and other second XXXX in @entity784 . The influence of additional therapy after total skin electron beam radiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous malignancy', 'cutaneous malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6339 :: ('MESH:D005363', 'Chemical') :: ['psoralen']

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine hydrochloride', 'mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma 12', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cutaneous malignancies']


abstract: The objectives emphasize the diagnosis and therapical problems concerning the @entity1 's @entity43 for a better care in our conditions of work. We collected in a retrospective study 12 cases of @entity43 during 30 years. The middle age of the @entity1 was of 11 years with extremes of 2 years and 15. The circumstances of discovery of the @entity5 were represented by order of frequency by an @entity5 (10 cases), an @entity490 (8 cases) and of the compression signs digestive or urinary (6 cases). The medical imagery (echography, intravenous urography, Chest X-ray) permitted to evoke in the majority of the cases the ovarian origin of the mass. The surgical treatment consisted in an ovariectomy (5 times), an salpingo - ovariectomy (6 times) and a surgery of partial exeresis associated to a chemotherapy. The operative continuations were simple. A @entity1 died of intercurrentes complications. The histological exam of the operative piece showed that it was about @entity5 . However a brought closer surveillance proves to be necessary had consideration to the two noted recidivisms.

title: [The @entity43 in XXXX . A report of 12 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovary tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We studied engraftment in a @entity19 model of allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation. Recipient C57BL/6 (H-2b) @entity19 were conditioned with single-dose (9 or 7.5 Gy) @entity348 ( @entity348 ), fractionated (4 X 3.3 Gy) @entity348 , hyperfractionated (8 X 1.65 Gy) @entity348 , 2 X 120 mg/kg @entity786 (CY) followed by 7.5 Gy @entity348 , or 300 mg/kg CY followed by 9 Gy total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Conditioned @entity19 were transplanted with BALB/c ( @entity8022 ) BM supplemented with splenocytes (BMS) to facilitate @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Ex vivo T cell depletion of the BMS with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement protected recipients from lethal @entity2132 . Engraftment was measured in transplanted animals by serotyping peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-H-2-specific antibodies and complement. @entity19 that were given a T cell-depleted BMS transplant after conditioning with 9 Gy @entity348 , fractionated @entity348 , or CY plus @entity348 showed a 99 to 100% incidence of engraftment. However, if the T cell-depleted graft was given to @entity19 conditioned with hyperfractionated @entity348 , 7.5 Gy @entity348 , or CY plus TLI, only 3 to 32% of the animals engrafted. BM which was not T cell-depleted engrafted in 63 to 100% of the @entity19 regardless of the conditioning used. Nonengrafted @entity19 tested with anti-host type antibody demonstrated autologous recovery. We conclude that engraftment or failure/rejection of BM in transplanted @entity19 is determined in part by a dynamic equilibrium between T cells present in the donor graft and the surviving hemopoietic cells in the conditioned recipient. More intensive conditioning of the recipient allows engraftment of T cell-depleted, mismatched BMS. Such conditioning is not limited to a single modality, but can be achieved with single-dose @entity348 , fractionated @entity348 , or with @entity348 combined with CY. These findings have timely and important implications for the current understanding of engraftment in @entity1 allogeneic BM transplantation following T cell depletion.

title: A correlation between conditioning and engraftment in recipients of MHC-mismatched T cell-depleted XXXX bone marrow transplants.

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-vs-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The effects on tissue oxygenation of postoperative adjuvant @entity26 have been studied in a group of 20 @entity1 undergoing below-knee (BK) amputation for @entity455 . Ten @entity1 received no therapy, the remainder receiving 28% @entity26 for 48 hours following surgery. The results showed that the transcutaneous @entity4095 in the amputation flaps fell significantly by some 20 mmHg (p less than 0.01) following surgery and that this fall was prevented by the use of adjuvant @entity26 . The fall was not observed in the non-amputated limbs. TcpO2 took almost two weeks to reach its pre-operative levels in the amputated limbs. The effect on stump healing of adjuvant @entity26 therapy was investigated in a randomized controlled trial in a series of 39 @entity1 undergoing BK amputation. There were 22 @entity1 in the control (untreated) group and 17 in the treated group (adjuvant @entity26 for 48 hours). In the treated group 14 @entity1 healed primarily and three amputations failed. In the untreated group 14 limbs healed primarily, one secondarily and there were 7 failures. The pre-operative transcutaneous values in the @entity9 which failed (26 mmHg +/- 14) was significantly lower (p less than 0.005) than in those which healed (40 mmHg +/- 9). The mean pre-operative TcpO2 in the @entity1 in whom healing occurred in the treated group (35 mmHg +/- 10) was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than the mean pressure observed in the untreated group (44 mmHg +/- 9).

title: The effect of adjuvant XXXX therapy on transcutaneous @entity4095 and healing in the below-knee amputee.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['stumps']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: A prospective cohort study on 8124 schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 was conducted during the years 1977, 1979 and 1985 in Mannheim and two regions near Freiburg (Breisgau and the Black Forest). The objective of this part of the analysis was to investigate the regional differences in respiratory symptoms due to air pollution. Results are presented of 5726 @entity1 who had been living in those regions for at least five years at the times of interview. We have analysed 11 respiratory symptoms and two scores, measuring the tendency to infectious and @entity66 , by logistic regression. Comparing the @entity1 living 1977 in Mannheim or the Breisgau to those living in the Black Forest the Relative Risks (Odds Ratios) of respiratory symptoms are in the range of 1.26-1.85 and 1.21-1.96 respectively. The results for the year 1979 are similar. In 1985 the regional effect has become smaller and no difference can be observed between Breisgau and the Black Forest. The infect score comprises @entity3617 , inflamed throat with @entity221 and @entity1244 . The Relative Risk of an increased score decreases from 1.67 in 1977 to 1.65 in 1979 and 1.35 in 1985 in Mannheim and from 1.40 to 1.28 and 1.05 respectively in the Breisgau. The results of @entity565 and @entity565 symptoms are not homogeneous. In the Breisgau 1977 and 1979 the Relative Risk of an increased @entity565 score is slightly higher compared to the Black Forest. Allergies of the skin are reported more often in Mannheim than in the other areas. The Relative Risks of @entity11127 agree spatially and temporarily well with the pattern of @entity9734 concentration. @entity9734 may be interpreted as an indicator for air pollution by power plants, industry and domestic heating.

title: [Cohort study of @entity11127 and lung function in school XXXX in southwest Germany. 2. Regional influences on @entity11127 in Mannheim and the Freiburg area].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['infectious respiratory symptoms and diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The mild @entity73 associated with type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) has been suggested to be reversible with improved glycemic control. In order to characterise this @entity73 and study the effects of improved glycemic control we have studied @entity1 with T2DM (N=28) and healthy control subjects (N=21). One group of @entity1 with @entity6 (N=15) were given a 2-month treatment of intensified glycemic control, whereas the other group (N=13) maintained their regular treatment. Cognitive function in four different domains, auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) and resting EEG power spectrum were studied in the two groups of @entity1 and in healthy control subjects before and after the 2-month trial period. There were significant differences at baseline (p<0.02) between @entity1 with T2DM and controls. @entity1 had lower scores in two cognitive domains: verbal fluency (p<0.01) and visuospatial ability (p<0.03). T2DM also affected ERP with a decrease in N100 amplitude (p<0.04) and an increase in @entity3493 latency (p<0.03). Furthermore, resting EEG activity in the beta band (13-30Hz) was reduced (p<0.04). The change between 1st and 2nd investigation was significantly different in the three groups of @entity1 /subjects (p<0.03). @entity1 receiving intensified treatment for glycemic control had an improvement of cognitive ability in visuospatial ability (p<0.02) and semantic memory performance (p<0.04) together with increased resting EEG activity in the alpha band (8-13Hz, p<0.02) and connectivity in the theta (4-8Hz, p<0.03) and alpha bands (p<0.03) over central and lateral regions. Furthermore, there was an increase in the connectivity in the beta band (p<0.04) over the central regions of the scalp. In conclusion, subjects with T2DM had a similar type of cognitive function impairment and EEG/ERP abnormality as previously demonstrated for subjects with type 1 @entity6 (T1DM). Intensified therapy showed cognitive improvement not shown for regular treatment, suggesting that the negative effect of T2DM on cognition is reversible by means of improved glycemic control. Furthermore, there was an improvement in electro-physiological measures, suggesting increased availability of compensatory mechanisms in subjects with intensified treatment.

title: Effects of intensified metabolic control on CNS function in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Repeated, intermittent administration of the psychostimulants @entity2254 and @entity2072 , as well as other drugs of abuse, leads to an enduring augmentation of certain behavioural responses (e.g. locomotor activity) produced by these drugs. This behavioural sensitization has been the subject of considerable interest due to its potential relevance to @entity734 . Repeated administration of @entity2254 also leads to an enhancement in the ability of electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex to induce burst firing in midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurones. This hyper-responsiveness probably reflects a potentiation of transmission at excitatory @entity3689 (EAA)ergic synapses on DA neurones. In addition, we have previously reported that selective activation of @entity8920 ( @entity8920 ) by @entity2819 leads to a potentiation of EAA-induced burst firing in midbrain DA neurones, an effect antagonized by @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) activation. In this review article, we propose a model describing how drugs of abuse and stress alter EAA function at the level of DA cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which can result in a long-lasting impact on behaviour. @entity2254 produces a transitory increase in EAA-mediated transmission at the level of DA cells in the VTA, which triggers a more long-lasting change in EAAergic function resembling hippocampal long-term potentiation. Dopaminergic burst events are likely to be a critical link between enhanced EAAergic activity in afferents synapsing on DA neurones and plasticity at these synapses, by increasing @entity460 transport into the cell, which is known to be an important factor in synaptic plasticity. Selective MR occupation by @entity2819 in the VTA facilitates the development of this plasticity. However, we hypothesize that during stress, @entity4738 -occupation also activates EAAergic afferents to DA neurones in a manner similar to that following psychostimulants. Under these circumstances, @entity4738 -occupation acts via circuitry external to the VTA, which may include the hippocampus. Thus, potentiation of EAAergic synapses on DA neurones in the VTA may represent a final common pathway by which two divserse means (psychostimulants and stress) achieve the same end (sensitization). Alterations in EAA-mediated transmission at the level of DA cells not only plays a critical role in the induction of behavioural sensitization, but probably continues to produce abnormal DA cell responses in the drug-free situation.

title: Alterations in excitatory XXXX -mediated regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neurones induced by chronic psychostimulant administration and stress: relevance to behavioural sensitization and @entity734 .

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine', 'D-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity8920 :: ('MESH:C567596', 'Disease') :: ['MRs', 'mineralocorticoid receptors']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: The metastatic variants of @entity1 @entity2220 cell line DMS4C were established by selection in vivo. Lung, brain, spleen and liver metastatic @entity5 derived from intracarotid inoculation of athymic BALB/c @entity19 were collected, and their corresponding variant cell lines established. The @entity470 expression of the parental cell line as well as the metastatic variant cell lines were investigated. 125I-labeled EGF binding assays showed that there were two types of EGF receptors in both parental and metastatic variants. Compared to DMS4C, the EGF binding capacities were found to be down-regulated by 70, 79, 85 and 89% for lung, spleen, liver and brain variant, respectively. The dissociation constants of spleen, liver and brain EGF receptors were distinct from that of the parental cell line. The @entity470 autophosphorylation activity of lung variant was shown to be down-regulated as shown by immune complex kinase assay that corresponded to @entity470 numbers whereas kinase activities of the liver, spleen and brain variants EGF receptors were completely abolished. However, the 170 kilodalton @entity470 was shown to be unaltered during metastasis. The results indicated that, during metastasis progression, the proliferation of @entity420 cells may have adopted a different growth regulation that is independent of @entity470 kinase-modulated autocrine pathway. The result also implies that other oncogene may emerge as the major growth regulator for distant metastasis of @entity5 cells. This work provides a model for understanding tumor metastasis progression of @entity1 @entity2 .

title: Differential down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors expressed in the metastatic variants of @entity1 XXXX @entity420 cell line DMS4C.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'adenocarcinoma cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGF receptor', 'epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Introduction. @entity101 and cigarette smoking are dominant risk factors for @entity65 in Japan while in westernized countries, broader effects encompass @entity28 , @entity6 , and @entity1007 . This paper examines whether different associations also appear important in the manifestation of activities of daily living (ADL) in older Japanese @entity1 in Hawaii and Japan. Methods. Measures of ADL (feeding, toileting, dressing, bathing, and walking around the house) were assessed from 1995 to 1999 in 1,893 @entity1 in Hawaii and 543 @entity1 in Japan. Concomitant risk factors were measured from 1990 to 1993. Results. In Hawaii, @entity6 increased the odds of >= 1 @entity73 nearly 1.5-fold (P = .020). A similar association was absent in Japan. In contrast, the odds of an @entity73 in Japan was increased more than 5-fold in the presence of @entity64 (P < .001). The association in Hawaii was significantly weaker (P = .007). In both cohorts, past @entity167 use was associated with a greater likelihood of @entity73 . Conclusion. In this comparison of genetically similar samples, findings suggest that different strengths in risk factor associations with @entity65 in Japan and westernized countries may also include different strengths in associations with impaired ADL.

title: Impairments in activities of daily living in older Japanese XXXX in hawaii and Japan.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ADL impairment']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ) is a "new" diagnosis in the recently published @entity4987 , but there is very little literature on @entity1 with @entity1314 . Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of @entity1314 in @entity1 and adolescents undergoing day treatment for an @entity1277 , and to compare @entity1314 @entity1 to other @entity1277 @entity1 in the same cohort. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 7-17 year olds admitted to a day program for younger @entity1 with @entity1277 between 2008 and 2012 was performed. @entity1 with @entity1314 were compared to those with @entity1278 , and other specified feeding or @entity1277 /unspecified feeding or @entity1277 with respect to demographics, anthropometrics, clinical symptoms, and psychometric testing, using Chi-square, ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis. RESULTS: 39/173 (22.5%) @entity1 met @entity1314 criteria. The @entity1314 group was younger than the non- @entity1314 group and had a greater proportion of males. Similar degrees of @entity353 and @entity3147 were found between groups. @entity1 with @entity1314 reported greater fears of @entity391 and/or choking and food texture issues than those with @entity1277 , as well as greater dependency on nutritional supplements at intake. @entity1 's Eating Attitudes Test scores were lower for @entity1 with than without @entity1314 . A higher comorbidity of @entity148 , @entity245 , and @entity4207 , and a lower comorbidity of @entity308 , were found in those with @entity1314 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that there are significant demographic and clinical characteristics that differentiate @entity1 with @entity1314 from those with @entity1277 in a day treatment program, and helps substantiate the recognition of @entity1314 as a distinct @entity1277 diagnosis in the @entity4987 .

title: Prevalence and characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a cohort of young @entity1 in day treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['pervasive developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['other eating disorders', 'eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disorders']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder', 'ARFID']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: Somatic mosaicism is well known in disorders where the manifestations are readily seen, e.g. the skin in @entity1264 . In single gene disorders of higher frequency, especially X-linked ones, the frequency of combined germ-line and somatic mosaicism is increasingly being appreciated, e.g. @entity1555 . Cell separation techniques; such as the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) also detect much somatic mosaicism among blood cells in disorders such as @entity7965 . @entity13754 and the class of mutation, in genes for which there are sufficient numbers of @entity1 studied, 6-20% of cases are due to somatic mutation. This update of my previous review is stimulated by the rapid application of new technologies for the study of DNA variation in disease. The results of these studies implicate somatic mutation in a greater variety of @entity74 and a wider spectrum of tissues than have previously been shown, including heart and kidney. The classes of mutation have also expanded beyond base pair changes, insertions/deletion (indels), and short tandem repeat mutations to include copy number variants and transposon-mediated mutations. I also briefly discuss previously well-known mosaicism for chromosomal mutations. Genomic sequencing, performed on DNA from blood, shows many mutations which are conclusively somatic in origin. It is still too early to see if there is a different pattern of somatic mutation compared to germ-line mutation. Though the parameters to allow careful quantification are not yet available, it seems that the frequency of gene mutation in embryonic cells is not markedly different than that in the germ line.

title: Somatic gene mutation and XXXX disease other than cancer: an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis I']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity13754 :: ('MESH:D003859', 'Disease') :: ['Depending on the disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report a male @entity1 who presented at 15 months with perianal abscesses and @entity4272 , progressing to transmural pancolitis with colocutaneous fistulae, consistent with a @entity30 . The age and severity of the presentation suggested an underlying @entity1200 ; however, despite comprehensive clinical evaluation, we were unable to arrive at a definitive diagnosis, thereby restricting clinical management. METHODS: We sought to identify the causative mutation(s) through exome sequencing to provide the necessary additional information required for clinical management. RESULTS: After sequencing, we identified 16,124 variants. Subsequent analysis identified a novel, hemizygous missense mutation in the @entity9846 gene, substituting a @entity669 for a highly conserved and functionally important @entity462 . @entity9846 was not previously associated with @entity30 but has a central role in the proinflammatory response and bacterial sensing through the NOD signaling pathway. The mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in a licensed clinical laboratory. Functional assays demonstrated an increased susceptibility to activation-induced cell death and defective responsiveness to @entity6820 ligands, consistent with loss of normal @entity9846 protein function in apoptosis and @entity6820 signaling. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this medical history, genetic and functional data, the @entity1 was diagnosed as having an @entity9846 deficiency. Based on this finding, an allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant was performed to prevent the development of life-threatening @entity9058 , in concordance with the recommended treatment for @entity9846 deficiency. At >42 days posttransplant, the @entity1 was able to eat and drink, and there has been no recurrence of @entity344 , suggesting this mutation also drove the @entity344 . This report describes the identification of a novel cause of @entity29 . Equally importantly, it demonstrates the power of exome sequencing to render a molecular diagnosis in an individual @entity1 in the setting of a novel disease, after all standard diagnoses were exhausted, and illustrates how this technology can be used in a clinical setting.

title: Making a definitive diagnosis: successful clinical application of whole exome sequencing in a @entity1 with intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity9846 :: ('331', 'Gene') :: ['X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune defect']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease', 'Crohn disease-like illness']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: @entity2883 is a potentially life-threatening @entity1333 with widely variable presentation. Only three pediatric cases with severe central nervous system involvement are reported in the literature. Early fatal outcome as described here is exceptional. This report describes a 13-year-old female with typical @entity272 , @entity644 , and @entity177 initially misdiagnosed as a @entity5417 . A kidney biopsy revealed severe extracapillary proliferation in 70% of the analyzed glomeruli but no @entity738 . In spite of @entity1667 pulse therapy and oral high-dose @entity229 , @entity454 was reached 4 months later, necessitating peritoneal dialysis. Three months later she presented with @entity548 and positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies suggesting @entity2883 . This episode was controlled by @entity1667 pulses. Seven months later she presented generalized @entity410 and @entity772 , suggesting central nervous system involvement confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. @entity1667 pulses and intravenous immunoglobulins led to neurologic improvement. Oral @entity1499 was then introduced for long-term disease control. Another severe relapse of @entity12513 did not respond to any applied therapies and led to death 16 months after initial symptoms. This case emphasizes the need for activity scores to identify @entity1 at risk for progressive @entity13571 requiring early and long-term aggressive immunosuppressive therapy.

title: Fatal neurologic involvement in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5417 :: ('MESH:D011695', 'Disease') :: ['Schoenlein-Henoch purpura']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: Caldesmon, an inhibitory actin binding protein, binds to actin and inhibits actin-myosin interactions, whereas caldesmon phosphorylation reverses the inhibitory effect of caldesmon on actin-myosin interactions, potentially leading to enhanced contraction. The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular signaling pathway responsible for caldesmon phosphorylation, which is involved in the regulation of the contraction induced by @entity6948 ( @entity15093 ), an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, in endothelium-denuded @entity35 aortas. @entity4287 (a c-Jun @entity2733 -terminal kinase [ @entity6336 ] inhibitor) dose-response curves were generated in aortas that were pre-contracted with @entity15093 or @entity10670 ( @entity10671 ), a @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activator. Dose-response curves to the @entity7131 inhibitor @entity668 were generated in @entity35 aortas pre-contracted with @entity15093 . The effects of @entity4287 and @entity3160 (an alpha-2 adrenoceptor inhibitor) on @entity15093 -induced caldesmon phosphorylation in @entity35 aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were investigated by western blot analysis. @entity10671 -induced caldesmon and @entity15093 -induced @entity7131 phosphorylation in @entity35 aortic VSMCs was investigated by western blot analysis. The effects of @entity11009 (a @entity7131 inhibitor) on @entity15093 - or @entity10671 -induced @entity6336 phosphorylation in VSMCs were assessed. @entity4287 resulted in the relaxation of aortas that were pre-contracted with @entity15093 or @entity10671 , whereas @entity3160 attenuated @entity15093 -induced contraction. @entity668 resulted in the vasodilation of aortas pre-contracted with @entity15093 . @entity4287 and @entity3160 inhibited @entity15093 -induced caldesmon phosphorylation. Additionally, @entity10671 induced caldesmon phosphorylation, and @entity11009 attenuated the @entity6336 phosphorylation induced by @entity15093 or @entity10671 . @entity15093 induced @entity7131 phosphorylation in @entity35 aortic VSMCs. These results suggest that alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated, @entity15093 -induced contraction involves caldesmon phosphorylation that is mediated by @entity6336 phosphorylation by @entity7131 .

title: @entity6948 -induced contraction involves phosphorylation of caldesmon by @entity6336 in endothelium-denuded XXXX aortas.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity668 :: ('MESH:C016299', 'Chemical') :: ['Chelerythrine', 'chelerythrine']

entities_list: @entity10670 :: ('MESH:D015240', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The physiological function of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein ( @entity1629 ), @entity13514 , is still under debate. There is, however, ample evidence to indicate that, in contrast to @entity1629 , the primary function of @entity13514 is not the dissipation of energy. Rather, several lines of evidence suggest that @entity13514 is associated with cellular @entity844 metabolism. The highest levels of expression of @entity13514 have been found in type 2 glycolytic muscle fibres, and fasting and high-fat diets up regulate @entity13514 . This up-regulation is most pronounced in muscle with a low fat oxidative capacity. Acute exercise also up regulates @entity13514 , and this effect has been shown to be a result of the exercise-induced increase in plasma @entity844 levels. In contrast, regular physical activity, which increases fat oxidative capacity, reduces @entity13514 content. Based on these data it has been postulated that @entity13514 functions to export those @entity1718 that cannot be oxidized from the mitochondrial matrix, in order to prevent @entity844 accumulation inside the matrix. Several experiments have been conducted to test this hypothesis. Blocking @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase 1, thereby reducing fat oxidative capacity, rapidly induces @entity13514 . High-fat diets, which increase the mitochondrial supply of @entity1718 , also up regulate @entity1629 . However, feeding a similar amount of @entity25014 , which can be oxidized inside the mitochondrial matrix and therefore does not need to be exported from the matrix, does not affect @entity13514 protein levels. In addition, @entity13514 is increased in @entity1 with defective beta-oxidation and is reduced after restoring oxidative capacity. In conclusion, it is suggested that @entity13514 has an important physiological function in facilitating outward transport from the mitochondrial matrix of @entity844 anions that cannot be oxidized, thereby protecting against lipid-induced @entity2383 .

title: The role of uncoupling protein 3 in XXXX metabolism: protection against lipotoxicity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity25014 :: ('CHEBI:59554', 'Chemical') :: ['medium-chain fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Adequate velopharyngeal function and speech are main goals in the treatment of @entity2419 . The objective was to investigate if there were differences in @entity1739 ( @entity1739 ) and @entity2422 at age 5 years in @entity1 with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) operated on with different surgical methods for primary palatal repair. A secondary aim was to estimate burden of care in terms of received additional secondary surgeries and speech therapy. DESIGN: Three parallel group, randomised clinical trials were undertaken as an international multicentre study by 10 cleft teams in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and the UK. METHODS: Three different surgical protocols for primary palatal repair were tested against a common procedure in the total cohort of 448 @entity1 born with a non-syndromic @entity3384 . Speech audio and video recordings of 391 @entity1 (136 @entity1 , 255 @entity1 ) were available and perceptually analysed. The main outcome measures were @entity1739 and @entity2422 from blinded assessments. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the prevalences in the arms in any of the trials. @entity1739 : Trial 1, A: 58%, B: 61%; Trial 2, A: 57%, C: 54%; Trial 3, A: 35%, D: 51%. No @entity2422 : Trial 1, A: 54%, B: 44%; Trial 2, A: 47%, C: 51%; Trial 3, A: 34%, D: 49%. CONCLUSIONS: No differences were found regarding @entity1739 and @entity2422 at age 5 years after different methods for primary palatal repair. The burden of care in terms of secondary pharyngeal surgeries, number of fistulae, and speech therapy visits differed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.

title: Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for @entity3384 : 4. Speech outcomes in 5-year-olds - XXXX and @entity2422 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2422 :: ('MESH:C537724', 'Disease') :: ['hypernasality']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['VPC', 'velopharyngeal competency']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['UCLP', 'unilateral cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity1739 :: (MESH:D014681,Disease) :: ['velopharyngeal competency']


abstract: An eight year endoscopical and histological @entity5 surveillance programme comprising 71 @entity1 with @entity31 is presented. Forty one @entity1 had total @entity1960 and 30 substantial @entity1960 . Mean duration of the disease was 19.7 years (range 9-46 years). An average of 2.6 colonoscopies per @entity1 in the total @entity1960 group were carried out, and at least two biopsies were taken at 10 locations in the colon. In the total @entity1960 group, seven had either low (four), or high grade @entity1141 (two), or Dukes' @entity5 (one). In the group with substantial @entity1960 two @entity1 with low grade @entity1141 were found. @entity1141 or @entity5 leading to operation was found above the rectum in four of five operated @entity1 , all having had total @entity1960 for 25 to 44 years. The @entity1141 and @entity5 findings at the colonoscopy preceding surgery corresponded well with the surgical specimens. In three operated @entity1 a sequence of @entity1141 development was recorded. With the exception of long duration and @entity1141 , nothing in the clinical course distinguished the operated cases. Using this surveillance programme prophylactic colectomy can be limited to @entity1 in a high risk group developing @entity1141 . The risk of missing a @entity5 before it becomes incurable seems to be low.

title: @entity5 surveillance of @entity1 with longstanding XXXX : a clinical, endoscopical, and histological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'A cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Freezing reaction ( @entity8364 ) is a natural passive defensive strategy in animals. An exaggerated form of @entity8364 is a symptom of grave @entity75 . @entity8364 in @entity19 was shown to be linked to the @entity9682 , @entity9683 , @entity9684 , and @entity9685 genes as potential candidates for a high predisposition to @entity8364 . The study sought to test the hypothesis of an association between @entity8364 and expression of these genes in the brain. Thegenes' mRNA levels were measured in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, and midbrain of @entity8364 -resistant AKR/J strain and @entity8364 -prone strains CBA/Lac, ASC (antidepressant-sensitive cataleptic) and the congenic line AKR.CBA-D13M76C. No association between expression of any investigated genes and predisposition to @entity8364 was found. At the same time, multivariate analysis revealed interactions among the expressions of @entity9682 , @entity9683 , @entity9684 , and @entity9685 genes in the brain structures. A factor analysis of all variables produced two independent factors explaining 76.2% of the total variance. The @entity8364 -resistant AKR strain was distinguished from the @entity8364 -prone strains CBA, ASC, and AKR.CBA-D13M76C by factor 1. It was suggested that a high predisposition to @entity8364 in @entity19 can be defined by the @entity9682 , @entity9683 , @entity9684 , and @entity9685 genes' coexpression network.

title: @entity9682 , XXXX , @entity9684 , and @entity9685 gene coexpression network in the mechanism of freezing reaction in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['Catalepsy', 'catalepsy']

answer: @entity9683 :: (16195(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Il6st']


abstract: We report the case of a @entity1 with @entity161 who presented to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with a mental status change. He was initially treated for @entity6191 @entity410 until a @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) serum concentration test was performed and indicated @entity8769 . To report a case of @entity8769 with @entity2052 that was unrecognized and treated as @entity6191 @entity410 . A 28-year old @entity1 presented to the @entity341 after being assaulted. A computed tomography scan of his head showed no @entity1504 . While still in the @entity341 , the @entity1 became increasingly difficult to arouse. Because @entity6191 @entity410 were suspected, an electroencephalogram was performed, which indicated mild @entity75 but no epileptogenic activity. Despite these results, the @entity1 was given @entity2052 1000 mg intravenously. A @entity2052 level was obtained before the dose was given, but the results were not available at the time the dose was ordered and administered. It was later determined to be greater than 300 microg/mL and increased to 423 microg/mL. The @entity1 was admitted to the hospital and later reported that he had attempted to commit suicide by taking an unknown amount of @entity2052 , which was prescribed for a history of @entity161 . Emergency physicians should be aware that anticonvulsant medications are used for a variety of medical conditions in addition to the treatment of @entity302 . Especially when anticonvulsant medications are used for @entity146 conditions, @entity8769 should be a differential diagnosis in any @entity1 presenting with mental status changes.

title: Unrecognized XXXX intoxication.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injury']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorders']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['nonconvulsive']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['acute intoxication']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: Anterior pericardiocentesis was performed under ultrasound guidance using indwelling pigtail catheters in nine @entity1 with @entity2294 and @entity2293 . Symptoms were alleviated in all cases and there were no deaths attributable to the procedure. Catheters remained in place for a median of 24 h (range 8-168 h). Complications were minor: asymptomatic left-sided or bilateral @entity1143 (n = 3), @entity955 (n = 2), transient @entity158 (n = 1) and erratic drainage (n = 1). Recurrence of the pericardial effusion was limited to a single case and occurred after 5 months of effective palliation. The procedure was successfully repeated with no further recurrence. One @entity1 who went on to surgical fenestration 11 days after pericardiocentesis died 24 h post-operatively. The remaining @entity1 died of the underlying @entity5 without further @entity299 . Survival following the procedure ranged from 3 to 8 months. Ultrasound-guided pigtail catheter drainage is a minimally invasive, safe and effective method for the palliation of @entity2293 in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Ultrasound-guided pigtail catheter drainage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pericardial effusions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pericardial disease', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complication']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial pain']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['malignant pericardial effusions']


abstract: We have examined effects of @entity731 on constrictor responses to @entity750 in several vascular beds. In normal monkeys, @entity750 produces modest constriction of large arteries. In @entity731 monkeys, vasoconstrictor responses to @entity750 are greatly potentiated in the limb, cerebral, and mesenteric circulation. The findings may be pertinent to the pathogenesis of @entity2553 , which is an important complication of @entity731 . Platelets release @entity750 when they aggregate. If platelets aggregate at @entity731 and release @entity750 , and vasoconstrictor responses to @entity750 are greatly potentiated in @entity731 arteries, @entity750 may be an important mediator of @entity2553 . To determine whether treatment of @entity731 alters vascular responses, @entity731 monkeys were fed a low- @entity165 diet for 18 months. This treatment produced marked improvement in @entity455 , but maximal vasodilator responses were not consistently improved by treatment of @entity731 . We speculated that @entity82 of the vessel may prevent improvement of vasodilator responses in vessels with fixed lesions. In contrast, we have found recently that dietary treatment of @entity731 abolishes hyperresponsiveness to @entity750 in the limb. We conclude that @entity731 potentiates vasoconstrictor responses to @entity750 and these abnormalities are reversible by dietary treatment of @entity731 .

title: XXXX and experimental @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: Medication withdrawal is used in selected instances to precipitate @entity410 during evaluation of @entity302 @entity1 . Whether such medication manipulation can alter electrical @entity410 onset or clinical @entity410 type is not known. Information regarding the effects of anticonvulsant withdrawal on depth EEG onset and clinical manifestations of @entity410 was reviewed in 25 @entity1 with @entity410 in whom intracranial electrodes were implanted. For the purposes of this study, the withdrawal period was defined as the time after abrupt cessation of medication between one and five half-lives of the drug and the base-line state as all other times. Ten @entity1 were withdrawn from @entity2049 , 6 from phenobarbital, 2 from @entity3174 , and 3 from @entity8821 . Overall effects of anticonvulsant withdrawal in 18 @entity1 and 21 instances of withdrawal with a total of 89 withdrawal and 71 base-line @entity410 were notable. Focal electrical onset and typical clinical @entity410 type during withdrawal were entirely consistent with electrical and/or clinical characteristics of @entity410 occurring during the base-line state in 13 instances. "New" clinical and/or electrical @entity410 types occurred during withdrawal only in a number of @entity1 in whom bilateral or multifocal @entity410 onset was confirmed electrographically outside of the withdrawal period. In only 1 @entity1 did withdrawal produce atypical clinical and electrical @entity410 when the base-line state showed a clinically typical @entity410 of clear-cut localized onset. After surgery this @entity1 was shown to have unequivocal multifocal @entity410 onset. Thus, for purposes of localizing single @entity302 foci, information obtained during the anticonvulsant withdrawal period provided no misleading information in this group of @entity1 , while condensing the time needed for evaluation.

title: Ictal effects of anticonvulsant medication withdrawal in @entity302 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'partial complex seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity8821 :: ('MESH:D011324', 'Chemical') :: ['primidone']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The use of preparations from Bryophyllum pinnatum in tocolysis is supported by both clinical (retrospective comparative studies) and experimental (using uterus strips) evidence. We studied here the effect of B. pinnatum juice on the response of cultured @entity1 myometrial cells to stimulation by @entity398 , a hormone known to be involved in the control of uterine contractions by increasing the intracellular free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i). In this work, [ @entity141 ]i was measured online during stimulation of @entity1 myometrial cells (hTERT-C3 and M11) with @entity398 , which had been pre-incubated in the absence or in the presence of B. pinnatum juice. Since no functional voltage-gated @entity141 channels could be detected in these myometrial cells, the effect of B. pinnatum juice was as well studied in SH-SY5Y @entity521 cells, which are known to have such channels and can be depolarised with KCl. B. pinnatum juice prevented the @entity398 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ]i in hTERT-C3 @entity1 myometrial cells in a dose-dependent manner, achieving a ca. 80% inhibition at a 2% concentration. Comparable results were obtained with M11 @entity1 primary myometrial cells. In hTERT-C3 cells, prevention of the @entity398 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ]i was independent of the extracellular @entity141 concentration and of voltage-dependent @entity141 -channels. B. pinnatum juice delayed, but did not prevent the depolarization-induced increase in [ @entity141 ]i in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, the data suggest a specific and concentration-dependent effect of B. pinnatum juice on the @entity398 signalling pathway, which seems to corroborate its use in tocolysis. Such a specific mechanism would explain the rare and minor side-effects in tocolysis with B. pinnatum as well as its high therapeutic index.

title: Juice of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) inhibits @entity398 -induced increase of the intracellular @entity460 concentration in XXXX myometrial cells.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the postoperative effectiveness of ventral lengthening with a tunica vaginalis flap. Correcting @entity546 is an essential step in proximal @entity2650 surgery. It is logical to lengthen the ventral radius using a graft; however, @entity546 would recur owing to a graft contracture with inadequate vascularization. Although a tunica vaginalis is considered a suitable material to be used as a flap instead of a graft, clinical application of this technique is uncommon. Information regarding the usefulness and effectiveness of this procedure is required. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2008, we repaired 146 @entity1 with @entity2650 and the urethral plate was transected in 39 @entity1 because of severe curvature. Significant severe curvature persisting even after transection of the plate was corrected with ventral corporeal lengthening procedures using a tunica vaginalis flap in 15 @entity1 and postoperative results were evaluated. RESULTS: Straight penile erection was identified in all 15 @entity1 at home by their parents. In 7 of the 15 @entity1 , artificial erection was performed at the time of additional surgery; 5 degrees of curvature was found in 2 @entity1 and 0 degree in 5. CONCLUSIONS: At the second session of surgery, we observed that penile straightening was maintained without recurrence of curvature. Additionally, the area in which the tunica vaginalis flap was placed on the ventrum did not contract. Therefore, lengthening the ventral aspect using a tunica vaginalis flap might be an important alternative for correction of severe @entity546 in @entity2650 surgery.

title: Demonstration of postoperative effectiveness in ventral lengthening using a tunica vaginalis flap for severe XXXX with @entity2650 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile curvature']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile curvature']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a first-line therapy of combined @entity5463 , @entity6759 , and @entity1063 with @entity5463 + @entity1063 or @entity1063 alone in ovine @entity326 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled laboratory experiment. SETTING: University animal research facility. SUBJECTS: Twenty-one chronically instrumented @entity742 . INTERVENTIONS: After the onset of @entity298 -induced @entity326 (mean arterial pressure <60 mm Hg), @entity742 were randomly assigned to receive first-line treatment with @entity5463 (0.5 mU  kg  min), combined @entity5463 (0.5 mU  kg  min) and @entity6759 (0.2  g  kg  min), or normal saline (each n = 7) for 24 hrs. In all groups, open-label @entity1063 was additionally titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure at 70    5 mm Hg, if necessary. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity5463 + @entity6759 + @entity1063 improved left ventricular contractility ( @entity64 at similar or lower preload) and pulmonary function (Pao2/Fio2 ratio) when compared with the other groups (p < .05 each). Both nonadrenergic treatment strategies reduced open-label @entity1063 doses. However, only @entity5463 + @entity6759 + @entity1063 limited fluid requirements and positive fluid balance vs. both other groups (p < .05 each). In addition, @entity5463 + @entity6759 + @entity1063 increased mixed venous @entity26 saturation as compared with @entity5463 + @entity1063 . Histologic tissue analyses and pulmonary hemeoxygenase-1 activity revealed no differences among groups. Notably, @entity5463 + @entity6759 + @entity1063 therapy reduced pulmonary @entity6837 levels (p = .028 vs. control animals) as well as urinary protein/ @entity1011 ratio (p < .05 each) and slightly prolonged survival when compared with both other groups (4 hrs vs. @entity5463 + @entity1063 : p = .013; 7 hrs vs. @entity1063 alone: p = .003). CONCLUSIONS: First-line cardiovascular support with combined @entity5463 and @entity6759 supplemented with @entity1063 improves myocardial, vascular, pulmonary, and renal function as compared with @entity5463 + @entity1063 in @entity326 .

title: Effects of combined XXXX and @entity6759 on organ function in ovine @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity6837 :: ('CHEBI:44454', 'Chemical') :: ['3-nitrotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['higher stroke work indices']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin', 'Arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6759 :: ('MESH:C076731', 'Chemical') :: ['levosimendan']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['fecal peritonitis']

answer: @entity5463 :: (MESH:D001127,Chemical) :: ['arginine vasopressin']


abstract: Two genes that are expressed when precursor cytotoxic T lymphocytes are transformed to T killer cells have been cloned and sequenced. The derived @entity535 sequences, coding for cytotoxic cell protease 1 (CCP1) and @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) are highly homologous to members of the @entity563 proteinase family. Comparative molecular model building using the known three-dimensional structures and the derived @entity535 sequences of the lymphocyte enzymes has provided useful structural information, especially in predicting the conformations of the substrate binding sites. In applying this modelling procedure, we used the X-ray structures of four @entity563 proteinases to provide a structurally based sequence alignment: @entity2314 ( @entity2314 ), @entity291 trypsin (BT), @entity10644 trypsin (SGT), and @entity35 @entity18311 ( @entity18311 ). The root mean square differences in alpha- @entity505 atom positions among these four structures when compared in a pairwise fashion range from 0.79 to 0.97 A for structurally equivalent residues. The sequences of the two lymphocyte enzymes were then aligned to these proteinases using chemical criteria and the superimposed X-ray structures as guides. The alignment showed that the sequence of CCP1 was most similar to @entity18311 , whereas @entity4059 has regions of homology with both @entity18311 and BT. With @entity18311 as a template for CCP1 and the two enzymes @entity18311 and BT as templates for @entity4059 , the molecular models were constructed. Intramolecular steric clashes that resulted from the replacement of @entity535 side chains of the templates by the aligned residues of CCP1 and @entity4059 were relieved by adjustment of the side chain conformational angles in an interactive computer graphics device. This process was followed by energy minimization of the enzyme model to optimize the stereochemical geometry and to relieve any remaining unacceptably close nonbonded contacts. The resulting model of CCP1 has an @entity369 residue at position 226 in the specificity pocket, thereby predicting a substrate preference for P1 @entity492 or @entity2227 residues. The model also predicts favorable binding for a small hydrophobic residue at the P2 position of the substrate. The primary specificity pocket of @entity4059 resembles that of BT and therefore predicts a @entity376 or @entity369 preference for the P1 residue. The @entity369 at position 99 in the model of @entity4059 suggests a preference for @entity492 or @entity2227 side chains in the P2 position of the substrate. Both CCP1 and @entity4059 have a free @entity462 in the segment of polypeptide 88 to 93.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Comparative molecular model building of two XXXX proteinases from cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity10644 :: ('1911', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces griseus']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['Hannuka factor', 'HF']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-chymotrypsin', 'CHT']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The symptoms and survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity788 show great variability according to @entity5 localization. The main purpose of this study was to see for any differences between the intensity of symptoms, @entity158 , and the need for analgesic treatment in advanced @entity788 @entity1 with different (head vs. body-tail) @entity5 localizations. METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity788 were enrolled in the study. The @entity1 were divided into 2 subgroups according to @entity5 localization: group 1 (n=50) with @entity135 and group 2 (n=46) with body and tail @entity5 . The demographic features of the @entity1 as well as disease stages, onset of symptoms and necessity and consumption of analgesics were recorded. @entity1 were followed-up until death, and survival data was also analysed. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis, @entity1 with body and tail @entity5 had more advanced disease stages compared to @entity135 (p=0.006). While @entity1087 was the most common initial symptom in @entity135 (p<0.0001), it was @entity158 (p<0.001). @entity1 with body and tail @entity5 had more analgesics consumption as compared to those with @entity135 (p=0.009). No statistically significant difference in survival was detected between the 2 groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: We believe that @entity788 should be accepted as two diverse disease types according to @entity5 localization, and @entity158 and symptom management should be organized based on this fact.

title: Does the @entity5 localization in advanced XXXX have an influence on the management of symptoms and @entity158 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head tumors']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['mainly pain', 'pain in body and tail tumors', 'pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) efflux kinetics of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) were studied in three @entity1 with indwelling Ommaya reservoirs. A small dose of @entity1500 was injected intraventricularly several hr after the start of a high-dose continuous i.v. infusion of @entity1500 . In all @entity1 , the CSF antifolate concentration returned to the preinjection level before the end of the i.v. infusion. This result indicated that the efflux of @entity1500 from CSF in @entity1 is independent of plasma drug concentrations. Efflux kinetics were further characterized in one @entity1 . Serially obtained CSF samples after intraventricular injections demonstrated a biphasic disappearance curve with alpha- and beta-phase half-disappearance times of 1.7 and 6.6 hr, respectively. Prolongation of the beta-phase half-time was associated with oral @entity3791 medication and with @entity428 , indicating that inhibition of CSF production slows @entity1500 clearance. CSF @entity1500 concentration, however, declined more rapidly than that of simultaneously administered @entity5531 , an extracellular marker substance excreted by bulk flow, indicating that bulk flow excretion alone is insufficient to account for @entity1500 efflux from @entity1 CSF. Evidence that there is an active transport component was provided by probenecid pretreatment which also prolonged the CSF @entity1500 half-life. These findings suggest that both passive and active mechanisms govern @entity1500 efflux from the CSF in @entity1 and that they can be inhibited by @entity3791 and probenecid, respectively.

title: Active transport of XXXX from cerebrospinal fluid in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity5531 :: ('MESH:D004369', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Image-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) studies of axillary lymph nodes (LN) to evaluate @entity0 have shown high specificity but variable sensitivity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the performance of axillary LN FNA depending on clinicoradiologic findings and to document how treatment varied according to FNA results. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of consecutive axillary LN FNA cases over a 4-year period, in which subsequent treatment was known. Clinicoradiologic assessment was classified as "low suspicion" or "high suspicion" and cytopathologic findings as "positive," "negative," or "indeterminate". The test performance for each, using surgical pathology outcome as the "gold standard," was calculated. The impact of axillary LN FNA on subsequent management decisions was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 163 cases, axillary FNA was positive in 94 of 163 (58%), negative in 55 of 163 (34%), and atypical/nondiagnostic in 14 of 163 (8%). A clinicoradiologic assessment of "high suspicion" had a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 88%, whereas a "low suspicion" assessment had a negative predictive value (NPV) of only 68%. In contrast, the @entity2286 and NPV of axillary LN FNA were 98.7% and 81.8%, respectively. Whereas all of the FNA-nonpositive cases were managed surgically, surgery was deferred in 26 of 94 of the FNA-positive cases, including 11 cases of neoadjuvant treatment. Most of the remaining (65 of 68) FNA-positive @entity1 were spared sentinel lymph node biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Image-guided LN FNA is highly sensitive and specific for lymph node involvement by @entity0 and plays a role both in sparing sentinel lymph node biopsy and in triaging cases for systemic therapy.

title: The evolving role of axillary lymph node fine-needle aspiration in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex differences exist in the prevalence and severity of obstructive @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Limited data are available to explore sex differences in prognosis with coronary computed tomographic angiographic (CCTA) measurements of @entity453 including novel nonobstructive plaque extent. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1127 consecutive @entity1 were clinically referred to 16-slice CCTA and followed for the occurrence of all-cause @entity204 . Time to @entity204 was calculated by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Four-year survival (92.1%) was similar by sex (P=0.52). @entity1 more often had no @entity3979 (54%) as compared with @entity1 (28%) (P<0.0001). Mortality worsened for both @entity1 (P<0.0001) and @entity1 (P=0.002) by the number of vessels with > or =50% stenosis. For @entity1 , overall mortality ranged from 3.5% for no @entity453 to 25.0% for @entity1 with 3-vessel plus left main obstructive @entity453 (P<0.0001). For @entity1 , overall mortality ranged from 2.7% for no @entity453 to 17.4% for males with 3-vessel plus left main obstructive @entity453 (P=0.002). @entity66 was prevalent in @entity1 (range, 24% to 66%) and @entity1 (range, 45% to 74%) ages 45 to > or =80 years. Nonobstructive @entity453 extent was a significant estimator of all-cause mortality when added to a model containing @entity453 extent (P=0.039). For @entity1 , in a risk-adjusted model including @entity453 , the number of nonobstructive lesions was not a significant estimator of mortality (P=0.9). For @entity1 , the relative hazard for mortality, in a multivariable model, was 1.3 per nonobstructive lesion (P=0.003), including @entity453 as covariates. For @entity1 , risk-adjusted median mortality ranged from 2.9% to 10.9% for none to > or =4 nonobstructive lesions (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our preliminary analyses, CCTA obstructive and nonobstructive @entity453 adds incremental value to clinical assessment for risk stratification. Moreover, the extent of nonobstructive @entity453 by CCTA predicts mortality in @entity1 but not in @entity1 and may be helpful to optimize therapeutic strategies for @entity1 .

title: Sex differences in mortality associated with computed tomographic angiographic measurements of obstructive and nonobstructive XXXX : an exploratory analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Nonobstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'pretest CAD likelihood and obstructive CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: @entity130 not amenable to revascularization may leave poor cosmetic and functional results. We used a compound thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap in a 34-year-old, right-handed, male worker with @entity130 . The flap consisted of a thin nonbulky skin component isolated on two perforators in combination with serratus fascia, both pedicled on the thoracodorsal vessels. The mobility of the two flap components allowed the palmar and dorsal part of the fingers to be reconstructed without relying on multiple flaps or anastomoses. The skin component of the TDAP flap was transferred to the @entity154 flap to the dorsal part of the fingers and sutured loosely. Coverage of the serratus anterior fascia was done with split-thickness skin graft. Both components of the flap survived completely. One month after the first operation, the surgical syndactyly between middle and ring finger was separated, one month later the syndactyly between the ring and little finger. Good coverage of the soft tissue defects with good function could be achieved. There were no donor-site problems. Therefore, we consider the compound TDAP flap as a useful method that provides functional and cosmeticcoverage of severe @entity155 injury of @entity156 . (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.

title: Treatment of XXXX injury of three fingers with a compound thoracodorsal artery perforator flap including serratus anterior fascia.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['palmar defect, the serratus fascia']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple digits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Complete degloving injury of three digits', 'traumatic degloving injury']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: Consulting toxicologists began in 1982 to question the use and potential involvement of oil gavage test-compound administration in unexpected NTP @entity105 responses. Investigations have focused on @entity4336 oil gavage alternatives, vehicle type and volume, alteration of MTD, teratogenic effects, disposition of test compounds, and target tissues. Micoencapsulation will require considerable development research to make it a suitable alternative. Vehicle type and volume appear to have different effects on the apparent MTD, teratogenicity and disposition of very similar compounds. Only two tissue effects have been observed in the NTP oil gavage bioassay data. First, there is a sporadic and weak association with exocrine pancreatic acinar cell proliferative lesions; these lesions are highly correlated with overweight male Fischer 344/ @entity35 . Second, @entity1778 is reduced about 50 percent in the male Fischer 344/ @entity35 ; this is a strong association which results in an 8-10 percent increase in survival. The protective effect of @entity4336 oil gavage is remarkable and there is no significant enhancement of @entity5 development. @entity4336 oil gavage under the conditions of the NTP @entity105 bioassay does contribute to @entity4084 and undesirable increased body weight, especially in male Fischer 344/ @entity35 . The NTP and NCTR research programs include research plans to address critical oil gavage, diet composition feeding regimen, exercise and hormonal status questions. Results of these studies will point the way to improving long-term @entity105 and @entity137 testing.

title: Oil gavage test-compound administration effects in NTP @entity105 - XXXX testing.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity4084 :: ('MESH:D044343', 'Disease') :: ['overnutrition']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity991 ( @entity31 ) is a chronic @entity409 of unknown etiology, primarily targeting cholangiocytes at any portion of the biliary tree. No effective medical treatments are currently available. A unique feature of @entity31 is its close association (about 80%) with @entity29 ( @entity29 ), mainly @entity31 ( @entity31 ). As in many chronic inflammatory conditions, @entity5 development can complicate @entity31 , accounting for >40% of @entity204 . @entity201 ( @entity201 ), @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) have been variably associated to @entity31 , with a prevalence up to 13-14%. The risk of @entity5 is one of the most challenging issues in the management of @entity31 ; it raises several questions about @entity5 surveillance, early diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Key Messages: Among the different @entity5 complicating @entity31 , @entity201 is the most relevant, because it is more frequent (incidence of 0.5-1.5%) and because the prognosis is poor (5-year survival <10%). Early diagnosis of @entity201 in @entity31 can be difficult because lesions may not be evident in radiological studies. Surgical resection provides disappointing results; liver transplantation combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is being proposed, but this approach is limited to a highly selected group of @entity1 and is available only in a few specialized centers. Similar to @entity201 , @entity1086 carries a dismal prognosis. Since it is difficult to discriminate @entity1086 from other @entity1085 , cholecystectomy has been proposed in all @entity1085 detected in @entity31 , regardless of their size. @entity14 is a frequent complication of @entity31 associated to @entity31 ; its incidence steadily increases with time of @entity1960 , reaching up to 20-30% of the @entity1 after 20 years. Colonoscopy with extensive histologic sampling at an annual/biannual interval is an effective surveillance strategy. However, when @entity75 are detected, preemptive proctocolectomy should be considered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31 may be regarded as paradigmatic of the sequence leading from chronic inflammatory epithelial damage to @entity5 . Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating this pathogenetic sequence, may improve strategies of disease surveillance and @entity5 prevention and treatment. @entity31 is a chronic inflammatory cholangiopathy of unknown etiology but likely immune-mediated, characterized by @entity32 and @entity82 leading to strictures in any portion (intra- and/or extrahepatic) of the bile duct system. No effective medical treatments are currently available. A unique feature of @entity31 is the close association (about 80%) with @entity29 , mainly @entity31 , often diagnosed before @entity31 ( @entity31 ). As in other chronic @entity32 , development of @entity5 is a feared complication of @entity31 .

title: @entity5 in XXXX - A Continuing Threat.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'peribiliary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder abnormalities', 'gallbladder lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancies', 'cancer', 'neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory liver disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'PSC', 'PSC/UC', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangiocarcinoma', 'CCA']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['GBC', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis']


abstract: @entity5293 , as assessed by counting worms expelled following anthelmintic treatment and by egg output, were found to be of low prevalence and intensity in a South Indian fishing community. The initial overall prevalence of @entity281 in the community was 43%, and the average burden was estimated at 2.2 hookworms per @entity1 . The age profiles of prevalence and intensity differed between males and females, with the latter harbouring significantly higher levels of @entity281 . @entity1 of both sexes under 10 years of age rarely harboured hookworms. Treatment with @entity12471 was estimated to be 91% effective in clearing hookworm infections. Egg counts made on stools collected during an 11-month period of reinfection indicated that female @entity1 became reinfected soon after treatment, while little hookworm egg excretion was observed in males during the observation period following treatment. Females acquired a significantly higher number of worms during the reinfection period compared with males, although the average burden in females reached only 28% of the initial, pre-treatment level. The hookworm population consisted of predominantly @entity17447 , and less than 10% of @entity17448 . The parasites were highly aggregated within the host population with 10% of the community harbouring over 65% of the total hookworms. Low values of the negative binomial aggregation parameter, k, (indicating extreme over-dispersion) were recorded in groups stratified by age and sex. Highly significant positive correlations were observed between the initial (pre-treatment) and reinfection worm burdens of female (but not of male) @entity1 . It is suggested that occupational practices related to walking through areas contaminated with hookworm larvae play an important role in generating the observed patterns of @entity281 within this community.

title: An investigation of XXXX and reinfection following mass anthelmintic treatment in the south Indian fishing community of Vairavankuppam.

entities_list: @entity5293 :: ('MESH:D006725', 'Disease') :: ['Hookworm infections']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity12471 :: ('MESH:D011716', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrantel pamoate']

entities_list: @entity17448 :: ('51022', 'Species') :: ['Ancylostoma duodenale']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity17447 :: ('51031', 'Species') :: ['Necator americanus']

answer: @entity5293 :: (MESH:D006725,Disease) :: ['hookworm infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of manual toothbrushes of the same type with different bristle stiffness concerning plaque removal, @entity2522 development, and soft tissue @entity130 . METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, three groups with 40 subjects each used manual toothbrushes with either hard-, medium-, or soft-bristle stiffness. The at-home brushing time was set for 2 minutes, twice a day. Four and 8 weeks after the baseline examination, clinical parameters for plaque removal, @entity2522 , and soft tissue damage were recorded again. Recruitment and examinations of the subjects were performed at the Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Heinrich Heine University. A total of 120 volunteers (age range: 18 to 62 years) were recruited and stratified according to sex and age. Primary outcome measures were differences in the Quigley and Hein index (QHI) and @entity548 index (PBI) compared to baseline; secondary outcome measures were differences in the modified approximal plaque index (MAPI) and Danser @entity12893 index. RESULTS: The QHI and MAPI showed lower index scores in subjects who used hard-bristled toothbrushes after 8 weeks (P <0.05 and P <0.001, respectively). In contrast, subjects who used toothbrushes with hard bristles demonstrated more @entity75 (P <0.01) and higher PBI scores after 4 and 8 weeks (P <0.001) compared to subjects who used soft- or medium-bristled toothbrushes. CONCLUSION: Manual toothbrushes with hard bristles may better remove plaque, but may also cause more soft tissue @entity130 compared to brushes with softer bristles.

title: Cleaning efficacy and soft tissue XXXX after use of manual toothbrushes with different bristle stiffness.

entities_list: @entity12893 :: ('MESH:D014072', 'Disease') :: ['gingival abrasion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gingival lesions']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Cultured glomerular mesangial cells are shown to produce a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ). We examined whether basal or stimulated @entity1827 production by @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) and @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) is enhanced in cultured mesangial cells of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) compared with @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). In addition, we examined which receptor subtypes of @entity1808 and AVP mediate @entity1827 production in these cells. Basal @entity1827 production in SHR mesangial cells was not different from that in WKY cells, although a trend toward increased @entity1827 production was observed in the SHR cells. @entity1808 and AVP stimulated @entity1827 production in a concentration-dependent manner in mesangial cells of both @entity35 strains, but @entity1808 - and AVP-induced stimulation of @entity1827 production was clearly greater in SHR than WKY cells. The protein kinase C (PKC)-activating @entity10757 ester @entity4514 stimulated @entity1827 production in a concentration-dependent manner in cells of both @entity35 strains, but this stimulation was significantly greater in SHR than WKY cells. Neither @entity1808 nor AVP stimulated @entity1827 production in PKC-depleted cells of both strains. @entity1808 - and AVP-induced stimulation was completely abolished by selective angiotensin subtype 1 ( @entity1809 ) and vasopressin subtype 1 (V1) receptor antagonists, respectively, in cells of both @entity35 strains. These results suggest that @entity1809 and V1-receptor-mediated mesangial cell production of @entity1827 is clearly enhanced in SHR compared with WKYs. Increased response of @entity1827 production to PKC activation appears to contribute in part to the observed enhancement of @entity1827 production in SHR mesangial cells.

title: Endothelin production in cultured mesangial cells of spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: This research evaluated the inactivation of a heat-resistant @entity11150 conidia in mango nectar by high-pressure homogenization ( @entity22420 ) combined with @entity1457 . A. @entity3456 were inoculated in mango nectar (10(6) conidia mL(-1)) and subjected to @entity22420 (300 to 100 MPa) and @entity1457 (80 degrees C for 5 to 20 min) before or after @entity22420 . Processes were evaluated according to number of decimal reductions reached by each isolated or combined process. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe conidia wall after pressure treatment. Pressures below 150 MPa did not inactivate A. @entity3456 while pressures of 200 and 300 MPa resulted in 2 and more than 6 log reductions, respectively. D(80 degrees C) of A. @entity3456 was determined as 5.03 min. A @entity1457 of 80 degrees C/15 min, reaching 3 decimal conidia reductions, was applied before or after a 200 MPa pressure treatment to improve the decimal reduction to 5 log cycles. Results indicated that @entity22420 inactivated A. @entity3456 in mango nectar at 300 MPa (>6.24 log cycles) and that, with pressure (200 MPa) combined with post @entity1457 , it was possible to obtain the same decimal reduction, showing a synergistic effect. On the other hand, pre @entity1457 associated with @entity22420 resulted in an additive effect. The observation of A. @entity3456 conidia treated by @entity22420 at 100 and 200 MPa by scanning electron microscopy indicated that @entity22420 promoted intense cell wall damage, which can sensitize the conidia to post @entity1457 and possibly explain the synergistic effect observed. Practical Application: The results obtained in this paper are relevant to elucidate the mechanism of conidia inactivation in order to develop the application of @entity22420 as an alternative pasteurization process for the fruit nectar industry.

title: Inactivation of XXXX in mango nectar by high-pressure homogenization combined with @entity1457 .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['Aspergillus niger']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2463 is a common @entity154 and its management has evolved over the years. This is a review of the trend in the management of this condition in a major paediatric surgical centre in Nigeria over two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 295 @entity1 with @entity2463 managed from January 1988 to December 2007 was carried out. RESULTS: There were 188 @entity1 and 107 @entity1 aged 1 day-9 years (median 8 years) at presentation. There were 73 (54.5%) and 106 (65.8%) emergency operations in groups A and B, respectively. There were 61 (45.5%) and 55 (34.2%) elective operations in groups A and B, respectively. Regarding treatment, in group A, @entity1 requiring colostomy had transverse loop colostomy, while in group B, sigmoid (usually divided) colostomy was preferred. The definitive surgery done during the two periods were: group A: cutback anoplasty 29 (47.5%), anal transplant 5 (8.2%), sacroabdominoperineal pull through (Stephen's operation) 6 (9.5%) and others 21 (34.4%). In group B, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) 46 (83.7%), anal transplant 1 (1.8%), @entity91 ( @entity91 ) 2 (3.6%) and anal dilatation 6 (10.9%) were done. Early colostomy-related complication rates were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). The overall late complication rate was 65.5% in group A and 16.4% in group B (P < 0.05). The mortality was 25 (18.6%) in group A compared to 17 (10.6%) in group B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There have been significant changes in the management of @entity2463 in this centre in the last two decades, resulting in improved outcomes.

title: Management of XXXX : Changing trend over two decades in Zaria, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defect']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['posterior sagittal anorectovaginourethroplasty', 'PSARVUP']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformations', 'Anorectal malformation']

answer: @entity2463 :: (MESH:C537771,Disease) :: ['anorectal malformation']