abstract: BACKGROUND: We reviewed our experience with multimodality therapy for superior @entity5 to identify aspects of treatment that impact survival. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 39 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical resection in a single institution between 1993 and 2000. RESULTS: Median age at presentation was 59 years (range, 40 to 77). Twenty-five @entity1 (64%) were @entity1 . At presentation, 36 @entity1 (92%) had clinical T3 @entity5 and 3 (8%) had clinical T4 @entity5 . Mediastinoscopy was negative in all @entity1 . Thirty-one @entity1 (79%) received preoperative radiotherapy (median dose, 4500 cGy). Chemotherapy was administered concurrently with radiotherapy in 27 @entity1 (69%). Complete surgical resection was performed in 34 @entity1 (87%). There were 2 (5%) postoperative deaths. Of the 31 @entity1 who received preoperative therapy, 14 (45%) had their @entity5 downstaged and 9 (29%) demonstrated a complete pathologic response. Median follow-up (100%) was 69 months. Overall 5-year survival was 47.9%. Five-year survival was 52.1% in @entity1 with negative resection margins (p = 0.005), and 60.6% in @entity1 who demonstrated a response to induction chemoradiation therapy (p = 0.008). Independently, margin status and response to induction therapy are predictors of overall survival (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Multivariable analysis identified margin status as the only factor significantly associated with overall survival. Negative margins strongly correlated with the response to preoperative therapy (p = 0.004). Disease-free survival correlated well with the response to induction therapy (p = 0.03). The chemotherapy regimen, T status, operative procedure, and complete pathologic response did not correlate with survival. CONCLUSIONS: The use of chemoradiation induction therapy may downstage @entity5 , enhance the ability to obtain a complete surgical resection, and prolong survival.

title: The surgical management of superior XXXX : a retrospective review with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sulcus tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['sulcus tumors']


abstract: A group of 210 @entity1 , aged one to twelve years (86 males and 124 females) were sent to our Clinic with the diagnosis of microscopic @entity811 . Twelve @entity1 in which microhematuria wasn't confirmed were immediately excluded; thirty @entity1 were excluded because they showed pathologic findings. The remaining 168 @entity1 were put under diagnostic examination (hematologic exams, urinoculture, abdomen radiographic, family screening). The cause of microhematuria was identified in 52 of them. The group was selected down to 116 who were then monitored for a period ranging from 1 to 9 years with periodical clinical and biohumoral controls and with diagnostic exams. Biopsies were performed only in 16 cases in which a @entity8 was suspected. Nine cases presented significant histological lesions. Seventy five @entity1 were subjected to observation for a period of over one year. After few years @entity811 gradually disappeared in twenty six @entity1 . After nine years microhematuria had disappeared spontaneously in 39.9% of cases. It remained in core of 33.6% of case, for which no cause could be found. With reference to the full group of 168 @entity1 , the following pathologies have been found responsible of microhematuria: a) urinary way infections: 25 cases (14.8%) b) @entity8 : 16 cases (9.5%) c) familiar @entity811 : 14 cases (8.3%) d) @entity9279 : 9 cases (5.3%) e) alteration of the coagulation system: 3 cases (1.8%) f) renal @entity5200 without @entity9279 : 3 cases (1.8%) Based on these observation, we believe that careful waiting is the best tactic in the cases of monosymptomatic microhematuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term prognosis in monosymptomatic microscopic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria', 'hematurias']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['lithiasis']

answer: @entity811 :: (MESH:D006417,Disease) :: ['hematuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A prospective, cross-sectional, international survey was conducted among @entity1 and physicians to identify symptom perception and the impact of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This paper presents the results from the USA. METHODS: Data were recorded by 447 @entity1 and matched with data collected on these @entity1 by primary care physicians or specialists. Tests to confirm a diagnosis of @entity2023 had been performed on 345 (77.2%) @entity1 . Because of the intermittent nature of the disease, both physicians and @entity1 recorded the presence, severity and impact of symptoms at the time of consultation, in addition to symptoms frequently, but not currently, present. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Mini @entity7370 Quality of Life Questionnaire. RESULTS: According to the physicians' assessment, a large proportion of @entity1 had moderate or severe disease (62.6%; n = 280), persistent disease (47.0%; n = 213) and comorbidities such as @entity565 (28.4%; n = 127). Comparison of the physicians' and @entity1 ' assessment of disease severity found that @entity1 rated their disease as more severe than physicians across all three types of @entity2023 (P < 0.001). At the time of the consultation, 44.0% (n = 197) of @entity1 were suffering from nasal and ocular symptoms, and 23.7% (n = 106) of all @entity1 reported that their current nasal and ocular symptoms were moderate or severe in nature. More than 50% of the @entity1 surveyed (56.4%; n = 252) were using two or more medications for their @entity2023 . Health-related quality of life correlated negatively with the number of symptom-free days in the previous 4 weeks. @entity2023 had a significantly greater impact on @entity1 with more persistent disease compared with those with @entity66 (2.3 +/- 1.3 vs 1.4 +/- 1.1; P < 0.001); nevertheless, approximately two-thirds of @entity1 with @entity66 reported some impairment of their professional or daily life as a result of @entity2023 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this survey highlight the unmet needs of the many @entity1 in the USA who present during routine care with moderate or severe and/or persistent disease and an associated high symptom burden and impaired HRQoL.

title: A survey of the burden of XXXX in the USA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['Rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent disease']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suo Quan Wan (SQW) is a Chinese traditional prescription that has been used in clinical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms for centuries. However, scientific basis of SQW efficacy and mechanism is still needed. This study investigated the effect of SQW on bladder function and @entity5510 ( @entity5510 ) expression in the bladder of @entity35 with @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ). The induced changes in bladder function in @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) @entity35 model were observed following different periods of outlet obstruction to obtain an appropriate @entity35 model. METHODS: This study was carried out in two parts. In the first part, female @entity35 received sham operations or partial @entity1876 operations. Two, four, and six weeks later, the @entity2182 model groups and control were subjected to urodynamic tests to measure differences in bladder functions. Once the appropriate @entity35 model was obtained, the second part of the experiment was performed. The @entity35 model was recreated and treated with SQW. Urodynamic assessment was conducted, and the bladders of the @entity35 were then removed. Immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot were performed to localize and quantify the expression of @entity5510 in the bladder. RESULTS: Results of the first part indicated that at 2 and 4  weeks, the @entity2182 model group exhibited significant differences in urodynamic parameters, including bladder pressure, maximum voiding pressure, and maximum bladder capacity, compared with the sham group. At 4 and 6  weeks, the @entity2182 model group exhibited significant differences in residual volume (RV) and non-voiding contraction frequency. Six-week @entity2182 model group showed much more RV but less voiding efficiency when compared with 6-week sham group or 2-and 4-week @entity2182 model group. @entity35 that underwent @entity1876 exhibited similarities with the compensated state before four weeks and may have entered decompensated state at six weeks. Studies conducted with 4-week @entity2182 model were appropriate. In part two of the experiment, @entity1494 in the @entity2182 model group recovered bladder stability after SQW treatment, accompanied by improved @entity1494 , as well as corrected urodynamic parameters. Expression of @entity5510 mRNA and proteins in the bladder was significantly greater in the @entity2182 model group than that in the control group, which subsequently decreased significantly with SQW treatment in @entity1876 -induced @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: SQW can modulate the expression of @entity5510 in accordance with the recovery of bladder function.

title: Effect of the Chinese traditional prescription Suo Quan Wan on @entity5510 expression in the bladder of XXXX with @entity1876 .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder hypertrophy', 'unstable bladder']

entities_list: @entity5510 :: ('83810(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transient receptor potential vanilloid 1', 'TRPV1']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['BOO', 'bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: 144 @entity1 with disseminated @entity0 entered into a 4 arm randomized trial. They received a chemotherapy protocol combining monthly administration of @entity632 (40 mg/m2 on day 1), @entity1891 (1,2 mg/m2 of day 2), @entity786 (400 mg/m2 on days 3, 4, 5), 5 @entity1487 (500 mg/m2 on days 3, 4, 5). @entity1 in groups I and III were given 6 courses at monthly intervals and @entity1 in groups II and IV were given 10 courses. Then they were given indefinitely a monthly course of @entity786 (100 mg/m2/day for 7 days), melphalan (2,5 mg/m2/day for 7 days), @entity1499 (25 mg/m2/week for 3 weeks). @entity1 in groups III and IV were given 3 applications of living BCG disposed on a scratched area between courses of chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 73 per cent (105/144) and was comparable in each treatment group. The mean duration of response and the mean survival times were comparable in each treatment group. The mean duration of response and the mean survival times were comparable in the 4 treatment arms. The initial @entity5 mass, serial levels of @entity787 and skin responses to recall antigens were of prognostic significance. Age, hormonal status, initial lymphocytes count had no prognostic significance.

title: [Disseminated XXXX . Study of activity of immunotherapy with BCG and duration of the phase of intensive chemotherapy. Results of a randomized trial (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: 1. It has recently been shown that the increase in external carotid blood flow induced by @entity750 ( @entity750 ) in the anaesthetized @entity235 , being mimicked by @entity20935 ( @entity20936 ), inhibited by @entity10896 , vagosympathectomy and sympatho-inhibitory drugs, and resistant to blockade by @entity7301 and @entity16645 , is mediated by stimulation of prejunctional 5-HT1-like receptors leading to an inhibitory action on carotid sympathetic nerves; these 5-HT1-like receptors are unrelated to either the @entity20937 , @entity20938 or 5-HT1C (now 5-HT2C) receptor subtypes. Inasmuch as @entity20936 , @entity20532 , @entity9251 and @entity6521 display high affinity, amongst other @entity750 binding sites, for the @entity20939 subtype, in the present study we have used these drugs in an attempt to determine whether the above inhibitory prejunctional 5-HT1-like receptors correlate with the @entity20939 subtype. 2. One-minute intracarotid (i.c.) infusions of @entity750 (0.3, 1, 3 and 10 micrograms), @entity20936 (0.01, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 micrograms), @entity20532 (1, 3, 10 and 30 micrograms) and @entity9251 (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 micrograms) resulted in dose-dependent increases in external carotid blood flow (without changes in mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate) with the following rank order of agonist potency: @entity20936 > @entity750 > @entity20532 > or = @entity9251 . Interestingly, @entity9251 -induced vasodilatation was followed by a more pronounced vasoconstriction. 3. The external carotid vasodilator effects of @entity750 , @entity20936 , @entity20532 and @entity9251 were dose-dependently and specifically antagonized by @entity6521 (10, 30 and/or 100 micrograms kg-1, i.v.). In addition, @entity20532 - and @entity9251 -induced vasodilator effects were, respectively, markedly inhibited or abolished after vagosympathectomy, as previously shown for @entity20936 and @entity750 .4. @entity9251 showed tachyphylaxis in its vasodilator component and antagonized @entity750 -induced external carotid vasodilatation in a specific manner, suggesting that a common site of action may be involved.5. Taken together, the above results support our contention that @entity750 , @entity20936 , @entity20532 and @entity9251 produce external carotid vasodilatation in the @entity235 by an action that might primarily involve a prejunctional inhibition on carotid sympathetic nerves; a secondary component of this vasodilator response may be postsynaptic (endothelium-dependent and/or even directly on the vasculature).Based on the rank order of agonist potency, inhibition by vagosympathectomy and blockade by @entity6521 , we suggest that the inhibitory prejunctional 5-HT1-like receptors mediating external carotid vasodilatation in the @entity235 closely resemble the 5-HTID receptor subtype. The pharmacological profile of these receptors is similar (sympathetic nerves of the @entity35 kidney and @entity1 saphenous vein, as well as porcine coronary endothelium) to other putative 5-HTID receptors mediating vascular responses.

title: The 5-HT1-like receptor mediating the increase in @entity235 external carotid blood flow: close resemblance to the XXXX subtype.

entities_list: @entity10896 :: ('MESH:D008719', 'Chemical') :: ['methiothepin']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['Sumatriptan', 'sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity6521 :: ('MESH:D008711', 'Chemical') :: ['metergoline']

entities_list: @entity20532 :: ('MESH:D008735', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxy-tryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['ritanserin']

entities_list: @entity20935 :: ('MESH:C047087', 'Chemical') :: ['5-carboxamidotryptamine']

answer: @entity20939 :: (403963(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['5-HT1D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic @entity0 remains largely incurable. Strategies involving the combination of the selective @entity172 receptor modulator @entity440 and chemotherapy have been abandoned in view of unacceptable @entity137 because of @entity1031 events. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of the third-generation steroidal aromatase inhibitor @entity17082 plus chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 received 6 cycles of intravenous chemotherapy ( @entity1487 [ @entity1487 ], @entity1259 , and @entity786 ) and @entity17082 25 mg/day that was continued after chemotherapy was completed. The primary efficacy endpoint was @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), and response rates were also assessed. Safety was assessed from adverse events. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (median age, 62 years) were included in this study. Twenty @entity1 completed 6 chemotherapy cycles. Median @entity1054 was 13.7 months. Overall response was achieved by 20 @entity1 (73.9%), and the clinical benefit rate was 87%. During the chemotherapy plus @entity17082 treatments, 50 adverse events were reported in 14 of the 23 @entity1 (60.9%). As expected, the incidence of adverse events decreased during the phase of @entity17082 treatment alone (19 adverse events in 10 of 20 @entity1 [50%]). There were 2 grade 4 events reported, @entity1151 and @entity55 , although @entity55 was not considered to be related. CONCLUSION: Although a small number of @entity1 were included, the combination of @entity17082 and chemotherapy was well tolerated and only 1 @entity1031 event was reported. Response rates were similar to other comparable series and may encourage further studies to confirm the efficacy of chemotherapy in combination with an aromatase inhibitor.

title: @entity17082 and chemotherapy as first-line treatment of metastatic XXXX : results of a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['exemestane']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We investigated clot lysis time, @entity557 ( @entity557 ) levels and @entity557 gene polymorphisms in pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 , with or without associated @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). The study groups included 82 pregnant patients without antiphospholipid antibodies with @entity1468 (PE group) and 10 pregnant @entity1701 @entity1 who developed @entity1468 ( @entity1701 group). Controls included 76 primary pregnant @entity1701 @entity1 ( @entity1701 group) and 89 healthy pregnant @entity1 (NOR group) with uneventful term pregnancy and delivery. @entity1 in the @entity1701 , @entity1701 and NOR groups were sampled during each trimester of pregnancy and at 4-6 months and 12 months after delivery. @entity1 in the PE group were sampled during the third trimester and after delivery. Significantly prolonged clot lysis time after delivery was found in the PE, @entity1701 and @entity1701 groups compared to the NOR group. The PE and @entity1701 groups had longer clot lysis time than the @entity1701 group. Levels of @entity557 were found to be higher after delivery in @entity1 of the PE and @entity1701 groups compared to the @entity1701 and NOR groups. Allele distribution of the @entity557 gene polymorphisms was similar among the four study groups. We conclude that increased @entity557 antigen levels and impaired fibrinolysis are pathogenetic factors in @entity1468 , regardless of whether or not @entity1468 is associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies.

title: Clot lysis time and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in XXXX with or without associated antiphospholipid antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity557 :: ('1361', 'Gene') :: ['TAFI', 'thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor antigen']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'severe preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'APS-PE', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['severe preeclampsia']


abstract: 1. A small area in the dorsal part of the lateral tegmental field specifically responsible for the increase of blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) without accompanying change in the resting blood pressure was first identified in our laboratory. Since the area is located just dorsal to the facial nucleus, we named it the dorsal facial area ( @entity12606 ; Kuo et al. 1987). 2. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether an increase of blood flow in intra- and/or extracranial tissues was responsible for the increase in CCA blood flow upon @entity12606 stimulation, and to determine the role of cholinergic transmission in this response. 3. In 20 @entity468 under @entity4486 and @entity4774 anaesthesia, microsphere reference flow technique was used to measure the regional blood flow of intra- and extracranial tissues. 4. Electrical stimulation of the @entity12606 appeared to increase the regional blood flow of both cerebral hemispheres (intracranial tissues) and to increase predominantly the regional blood flow of extracranial tissues on the side ipsilateral to stimulation. Increases in the regional blood flow of intracranial tissues were enhanced after i.v. administration of @entity3897 but reduced with @entity2607 . In contrast, increases in the regional blood flow of extracranial tissues were reduced after i.v. @entity3897 but enhanced after @entity2607 . 5. These findings suggest that @entity12606 stimulation may promote the release of @entity1617 in intra- and extracranial vessels. The muscarinic action may restrict the @entity12606 -induced increase in blood flow of intracranial tissues, but enhance that of extracranial tissues.

title: Changes in intra- and extracranial tissue blood flow upon stimulation of a reticular area dorsal to the facial nucleus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated @entity9416 levels in @entity1 with chronic @entity110 have been noted previously, but the significance of these findings has not been appreciated. OBJECTIVE: To measure the @entity9416 levels in such @entity1 and to examine the relationship between these levels and urticarial severity, autologous serum skin test, anti-thyroid antibodies and duration. METHODS: Serum total @entity9416 levels from 203 @entity1 with chronic @entity110 were measured and compared with nonatopic individuals. Additionally, @entity1 were assessed for urticarial severity, the presence of autologous serum skin test and anti-thyroid antibodies. RESULTS: Of the chronic @entity110 @entity1 , 47 (23.2%) were classified as mild, whereas 67 (33%) were classified as having moderate and 89 (43.8%) as having severe chronic @entity110 . Total @entity9416 levels were elevated, above 175 U/ml, in 69/203 (34%) of @entity1 , compared with 7/81 (8.6%) of healthy controls (p < 0.001). A significant association between increased total @entity9416 and chronic @entity110 severity was found. Whereas 93% of @entity1 with increased level of total @entity9416 suffered from moderate-to-severe chronic @entity110 , this was observed in only 69% of @entity1 with normal @entity9416 (p < 0.0001). Autologous serum skin test and anti-thyroid antibodies were positive in 59/163 (36%) and 28/189 (15%) @entity1 , respectively. A significant association between increased total @entity9416 levels and the presence of autologous serum skin test, anti-thyroid antibodies and urticarial duration lasting more than 25 months (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.021, respectively) was also detected. CONCLUSIONS: Total serum @entity9416 levels are frequently elevated in @entity1 with chronic @entity110 and these are associated with disease severity and duration.

title: Elevated serum total @entity9416 --a potential marker for severe chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: A Phase II study of @entity1311 in @entity1 with primary advanced or metastatic @entity0 was conducted by a cooperative study group consisting of 16 institutions in Japan. @entity1311 at a dose of 210 mg/m2 was intravenously infused over 3 hours, along with premedication to prevent @entity56 . The course was repeated at 21-day intervals. Of 62 eligible @entity1 , 60 were evaluable for @entity137 and 59 were evaluable for efficacy. Forty-five @entity1 were previously treated with @entity8253 . Twenty-one of 59 @entity1 (35.6%) had a major objective response including 2 CRs and 19 PRs (95% confidence interval, 23.6-49.1%). A response rate of 35.5% ( @entity3432 , PR10) was observed in 31 @entity1 refractory to the @entity8253 containing prior metastatic chemotherapy. Median (range) time was 41 (6-100) days to onset of and median duration of response was 125 (36-305) days. @entity137 included @entity1431 (grade 3, 4: 67%), @entity417 (grade 1-3: 80%), @entity882 (grade 1: 8%), alopecia (grade 3: 43%), @entity1897 (grade 1-3: 93%), @entity4841 (59%), @entity925 (46%), @entity390 and @entity391 (40%), @entity221 (33%), @entity56 (grade 3: 2%) and @entity551 (grade 3: 5%). All @entity137 were tolerable and manageable. @entity1311 intravenously infused over 3 hours demonstrated a significant antitumor activity for metastatic @entity0 . Furthermore, @entity1311 exhibited non-cross resistance to @entity4349 . @entity1311 administered as a convenient 3-hour infusion is effective for @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 and has an acceptable @entity137 profile.

title: Phase II study of XXXX (BMS-181339) intravenously infused over 3 hours for advanced or metastatic @entity0 in Japan. BMS-181339 @entity0 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'Toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: SUMMARY: The purpose of this study was to define the terms minimal and maximal "dense packing" of a given cavity with @entity902 coils and liquid material (cellulose @entity598 polymer; @entity9527 ) using precise in vitro volumetric methods. Tests were performed using a simple in vitro @entity439 model, precisely measured in volume and thereafter filled with @entity902 coils and/or @entity9527 . The volume of the aneurysmal cavity was measured with a very precise special micropump. The volume of each @entity902 coil (GDC) was also calculated. Minimal dense packing was defined as the point where there was angiographic evidence of complete filling of the cavity and exclusion from the parent lumen of the @entity439 . Maximal dense packing was defined as the point where introduction of additional coils resulted in their protrusion into the parent artery. At minimal dense packing the ratio of @entity439 volume to coil volume ranged from 25.97% to 32.50%. At maximal dense packing the ratio ranged from 29.55% to 36.16%. The volumetric ratio ofminimal and maximal dense packing obtained was lower than we had expected. The volumetric ratio with @entity9527 was 106.08% and 126.08% and the ratio obtained by the combined use of coils and @entity9527 ranged from 103.78% to 140.2%. When the volumetric ratio of the packing is much lower than the ratio of dense packing by rough estimate, we should expect coil compaction and careful follow-up should be done. Liquid material filled the lumen more densely and the additional use of liquid may be useful to prevent coil compaction.

title: An in vitro study to define the term "dense packing" of XXXX with detachable coils, liquid embolic material and their combination.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Faces play an integral role in day-to-day functioning, particularly for social interactions where dynamic and rapid processing of information is vital. Analysis of faces allows an individual to ascertain a wide range of information including deciphering mood and identity, with these assessments directing an individual's subsequent response and behaviours. The prominent social and emotional deficits observed in @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), a younger-onset @entity303 , may in part reflect a breakdown of the face processing network. Different subtypes of @entity4943 present with divergent patterns of @entity194 , although damage is predominantly confined to the frontal and temporal lobes. Specific predictions regarding the role of frontal and temporal regions in face processing have been proposed in the model outlined by Haxby et al. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(6), 223-233 (2000). This model presents a parsimonious method by which to understand face processing in @entity4943 while concurrently allowing assessment of the predictive value and applicability of such a model. By applying the Haxby model to the existing @entity4943 literature, this review presents both direct and indirect evidence of a breakdown in key elements of the face processing network. The type and degree of breakdown appears to differ as a function of @entity4943 subtype and associated @entity1010 . The evidence presented in this review and its relationship with predictions of the Haxby model provides impetus and direction for future research investigating face processing in @entity4943 .

title: Disrupted Face Processing in Frontotemporal XXXX : A Review of the Clinical and Neuroanatomical Evidence.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was designed to investigate the possibility that the enhanced nociceptive responsiveness associated with canabonoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) and identify its role in mediating visceral @entity56 induced by chronic restraint stress. METHODS: @entity35 were exposed to daily partial restraint stress or sham partial restraint stress with intraperitoneal injection of the vehicle, CB1R agonist or antagonist for 4 consecutive days. We tested the visceromotor reflex to @entity14 at day 0 and 5. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to assess the expression of CB1Rs. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal @entity13677 agonist (ACEA) injection significantly diminished (p < 0.05) the enhanced visceromotor reflex to @entity14 at day 5 in stressed @entity35 . Change in electromyogram response after ACEA over baseline, at pressure of 40 mmHg (+13.3 +/- 2.2), 60 mmHg (+15.3 +/- 2.8) and 80 mmHg (+17.0 +/- 4.0) were much lower than in the control animals, which were +35.9 +/- 5.1, +41.1 +/- 6.3 and +54.1 +/- 9.6, respectively. Whereas, @entity13677 antagonist ( @entity351 ) had an opposite effect. Compared with control group, the change in electromyogram response after @entity351 over baseline was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) for the distending pressure of 40 mmHg (+56.0 +/- 10.3), 60 mmHg (+74.6 +/- 12.3) and 80 mmHg (+82.9 +/- 11.0), respectively. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting demonstrated the stress-induced up-regulation of colon CB1Rs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest there is a key contribution of peripheral CB1Rs involved in the maintenance of @entity1931 after repeated restraint stress, providing a novel mechanism for development of peripheral visceral sensitization.

title: The role of peripheral cannabinoid receptors type 1 in @entity35 with visceral XXXX induced by chronic restraint stress.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal distention']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: Are @entity167 and @entity413 blood levels modified in fasting subjects taking @entity5616 ? This experience tries to simulate normal life conditions. Nine @entity1 , volunteer, aged from 24 to 29 years old, without any digestive symptoms, ate a standard lunch after five hours of fasting, took 0.35 g of @entity167 per kg. @entity1068 blood levels, glycemia and blood levels of @entity2690 and glucagon were taken at regular intervals every 10 to 15 minutes during all the experiment (120 minutes). After the initial experiment, all subjects took 150 mg of @entity5616 p.o. b.i.d. during seven days. Afterward they were submitted to the same protocol. Between both experiments no differences were found on blood levels of @entity1068 . Peak concentration, decreasing rate, and biodisponibility (estimated by area under the curve) did not change. There was a tendency to have a faster decrease in @entity413 blood level (p < 0.05). This study does not show any significant modification of @entity1068 metabolism after taking @entity5616 p.o.; those results are differing from data already found with studies using @entity4444 .

title: [Effect of @entity5616 on blood @entity167 and XXXX levels after ingestion of @entity167 ].

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity6 under follow-up surveillance in a subspecialty clinic are receiving care that meets the guidelines recommended by the American @entity6 Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. METHODS: We abstracted 2 years of medical records of @entity1 sampled from 2 academic @entity6 clinics, managed by board-certified endocrinologists. Information regarding the testing for and results of hemoglobin A1c ( @entity3916 ), lipids, blood pressure, and microalbuminuria was recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: The data on 499 @entity1 were analyzed. More than 90% of @entity1 had the recommended @entity3916 , lipid, and blood pressure testing. Approximately 25% of @entity1 had @entity3916 levels >7%, and about 14% had @entity3916 levels >6.5%. Total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity412 levels were at target in approximately 82%, 65%, and 68% of @entity1 , respectively. Approximately 55% of male and 50% of female @entity1 had high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels at target. Blood pressure was controlled in approximately a third of the @entity1 . Approximately 30% of @entity1 tested had microalbuminuria. Only 6.8% of @entity1 in year 1 and 3.5% of @entity1 in year 2 had all these risk factors ( @entity3916 , lipids, and blood pressure) at target levels. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that in our subspecialty clinics, although testing for "risk factors" is being done at a high frequency, the targets for these risk factors are being met by only a limited number of @entity1 . We believe that this result may be due to @entity1 - or system-related factors but not due to physician knowledge. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on @entity1 and system factors to improve the outcomes of the care of @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Evaluation of control of XXXX in a subspecialty clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: A role of neuropeptides in @entity9 development has been implicated; however, the neuroimmune interactions that are involved in the underlying mechanisms may be more important than previously thought. To examine a potential role of relations between glia cells and neuropeptides in @entity9 , we performed competitive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the dorsal lumbar spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) in the @entity35 sciatic nerve. The RT-PCR results indicated that complement component 1, q subcomponent (C1q) mRNA expression was higher than @entity40 ( @entity40 ) in the spinal cord 3 and 7 days post- @entity8638 , suggesting that spinal microglia and perivascular macrophages are more activated than astrocytes. In parallel, we observed a strong upregulation of prodynorphin mRNA in the spinal cord after @entity8638 , with no changes in the expression of proenkephalin or pronociceptin. Conversely, the expression of @entity40 mRNA in the DRG was higher than C1q, which suggests that the satellite cells are activated shortly after injury, followed by the macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltrating the DRG. In the DRG, we also observed a very strong upregulation of prodynorphin (1387%) as well as pronociceptin (122%) and a downregulation of @entity14426 (47%) mRNAs. Interestingly, preemptive and repeated i.p. injection of @entity1214 reversed the activation of microglia/macrophages in the spinal cord and the trafficking of peripheral immune cells into the DRG, and markedly diminished the upregulation of prodynorphin and pronociceptin in the DRG. We thus provide novel findings that inhibition of C1q-positive cells by @entity1214 can diminish injury-induced neuropeptide changes in the DRG. This suggests that immune cells-derived pronociceptive factors may influence opioid peptide expression. Therefore, the injury-induced activation of microglia and leukocytes and the subsequent activation of neuropeptides involved in nociception processes are potential targets for the attenuation of @entity9 .

title: @entity1214 reduces the injury-induced expression of prodynorphin and pronociceptin in the dorsal root ganglion in a XXXX model of @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity14426 :: ('MESH:C029992', 'Chemical') :: ['proenkephalin']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The objectives of the present study are to directly measure the @entity551 in unanesthetized, and unrestrained @entity35 during exposure to cold and to assess pulmonary vascular responsiveness to administration of the alpha-and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists @entity5333 (1mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity1169 (20 micrograms/kg, i.v.), during exposure to cold. Furthermore, the @entity35 underwent long-term exposure to cold, and pulmonary arterial pressure, systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases and colonic temperature were measured. A special hand-made catheter filled with heparinized saline was inserted into the pulmonary artery via the right jugular vein, the right atrium and the right ventricle. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was elevated during cold exposure for 2 hours. Arterial blood @entity26 tension slightly decreased and @entity544 tension slightly rose under these conditions. The increase in cold-induced pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly lower after the administration of @entity1169 , but there was no change after the administration of @entity5333 . However, after administrating the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent a resultant increase in heart rate and fall in systemic arterial pressure during cold exposure prevented our evaluation of the pulmonary circulatory changes. These results show that beta-adrenergic responsiveness of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle may have a role in the maintenance of cold-induced @entity120 .

title: [Mechanisms of cold-induced @entity120 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine produced by macrophages, mitogen stimulated- or EBV infected-B lymphocytes, keratinocytes, and probably dendritic cells, with important immunoregulatory functions in vitro and in vivo. It directly stimulates activated NK and T cells to produce high levels of @entity60 , enhances their cytolytic activity, and promotes maturation of Th1 cells as well as @entity2047 -activated B cells. We have tested paracrine delivery of IL-12 using autologous or allogeneic fibroblasts engineered to secrete high levels of IL-12 to treat @entity5 . Injection of IL-12-engineered fibroblasts at the site of an established (day 8) @entity242 could efficiently eliminate or suppress @entity5 growth in a dose-dependent manner, requiring delivery of > 150 ng/kg/dose of bioactive IL-12. Weekly inoculations for 3 wk could also be used to effectively treat a day 4 @entity242 located intradermally in the opposite flank (80% protection using autologous fibroblasts), resulting in long-term protective antitumor immunity. In less @entity5 (MCA102, MC38), 7-day established lung metastases could be significantly reduced (p = 0.001) following IL-12 delivery by fibroblasts and systemic administration of low doses of @entity2047 . Histologic findings included a mixed infiltrate of @entity1961 + and CD8+ T effectors and macrophages in the regressing @entity242 on day 21. In a day 41 @entity242 locally injected in situ, similar findings were observed. No @entity706 or tissue @entity39 were noted in liver, spleen, or lungs in @entity19 receiving repeated inocula of IL-12-engineered fibroblasts. Tests of liver and renal function monitored during the repetitive weekly treatments were within the normal range. IL-12-engineered fibroblasts thus seem to serve as a safe and efficient means to deliver IL-12 in these three @entity5 models.

title: XXXX immunotherapy of @entity5 with IL-12. Effective delivery by genetically engineered fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'MCA207 sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['established tumors', 'tumor', 'immunogenic tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circumstantial evidence links endogenous @entity172 to increased risk of @entity0 in @entity1 , but direct epidemiologic support is limited. In particular, only a few small prospective studies have addressed this issue. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to assess @entity0 risk in relation to circulating levels of the two major endogenous @entity172 , @entity1815 and @entity53 , measured before the clinical onset of the disease. METHODS: The association between serum levels of @entity172 and the risk of @entity0 was examined in a prospective cohort study of 14,291 New York City @entity1 , 35-65 years of age, who received screening for @entity0 at the time of blood sampling and who had not been diagnosed with @entity0 . During the first 5 1/2 years of study, we identified 130 @entity0 among the postmenopausal group (7063 @entity1 , 35,509 @entity1 -years). The case subjects and twice as many postmenopausal control subjects were included in a case-control study nested within the cohort. Biochemical analyses for percent free @entity53 , percent @entity53 bound to @entity443 ( @entity443 ), total @entity53 , @entity1815 , and follicle-stimulating hormone were performed on sera that had been kept at -80 degrees C since sampling. RESULTS: For increasing quartiles of total @entity53 , the odds ratio (ORs) of @entity0 , as adjusted for Quetelet index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters), were 1.0, 0.9, 1.8, and 1.8 (P value for trend = .06); the ORs for increasing quartiles of @entity1815 were 1.0, 2.2, 3.7, and 2.5 (P value for trend = .06). For increasing quartiles of free @entity53 , defined as the fraction of @entity53 that is not bound to proteins, the Quetelet index-adjusted ORs of @entity0 were 1.0, 1.4, 3.0, and 2.9 (P value for trend < .01). When we considered the percent of @entity53 bound to @entity443 , the Quetelet index-adjusted ORs were 1.0, 0.70, 0.40, and 0.32 (P value for trend < .01), thus suggesting a strong protective effect. These associations persisted or became even stronger when analyses were restricted to @entity1 whose samples had been drawn 2 or more years before @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These data represent the first confirmation in a large prospective epidemiologic study of a link between circulating @entity172 and @entity0 risk. Although @entity172 levels appeared to fall within the conventional limits of normality in all @entity1 under study, those who subsequently developed @entity0 tended to show higher levels of @entity1815 , total @entity53 , and free @entity53 , and a lower percent of @entity53 bound to @entity443 than @entity1 who remained free of @entity5 . IMPLICATIONS: Factors that increase endogenous @entity172 production or reduce the binding of @entity53 to @entity443 may increase a @entity1 's risk of developing @entity0 later in life.

title: A prospective study of endogenous @entity172 and XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'person']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Several attempts have been made in the last two decades to investigate @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 during the natural course of the disease so as to identify appropriate surrogate markers of disease activity. Most @entity1 with quiescent @entity29 have low grade @entity32 and it is possible that relapse occurs only once the inflammatory process crosses a critical intensity. Since @entity32 is a continuous process, its direct assessment may provide us a quantitative pre-symptomatic measure of imminent relapse. If substantial, it may allow targeted treatment early, to avert relapse or formulate newer therapeutic strategies to maintain symptomatic remission. It is clinically very important to identify these @entity1 at a subclinical stage, noninvasively, by various biomarkers. Biomarkers help to gain an objective measurement of disease activity as symptoms are often subjective. Biomarkers also help to avoid invasive procedures which are often a burden to the @entity1 and the health care system. If an ideal biomarker existed for @entity31 , it would greatly facilitate the work of the gastroenterologist treating these @entity1 . Both "classical" and "emerging" biomarkers of relevance for @entity31 have been studied, but the quest for an ideal biomarker still continues. In this brief review we describe various biomarkers of clinical importance.

title: Biomarkers in the management of XXXX : a brief review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: The present study examines a self-report version of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale according to @entity2270 ( @entity10686 self-report). The sample (n = 73) was a @entity146 outpatient population from a catchment area clinic. @entity1 with @entity716 and @entity347 were not included. The diagnostic distribution on @entity2270 I was similar to the findings from previous studies. @entity74 were identified among 47%, of whom a majority also had a concomitant @entity74 . The mean @entity10686 expert score was 66.5 (range: 48-86). High complexity and severity of disorders and a high number of fulfilled @entity2270 were significantly associated with low @entity10686 scores. Independent expert ratings on @entity10686 were correlated with the @entity10686 self-report overall at r = 0.62, varying from 0.45 to 0.91 between different diagnostic groups. In general, the @entity1 scored themselves lower (mean: -4.4 units) than expert ratings. @entity1 with @entity308 symptoms from an @entity2166 or @entity1316 were most prone to underestimation. @entity1 also tended to score themselves lower than experts did. Conclusively, the @entity10686 self-report turned out to be a valid and reliable unidimensional instrument measuring psychological, social and occupational functioning. The @entity10686 is easy to handle, and with a self-report version as a complement, @entity2270 could be more frequently used in future clinical practice and research.

title: XXXX --Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Evaluation of a self-report version.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis II disorders', 'Axis I disorder']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['Axis', 'Axis V', 'Axis II criteria']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic mental disorders']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['Axis V']


abstract: @entity11887 is a substituted @entity10517 derivative which preclinically demonstrated a spectrum of activity similar to that of @entity632 but without associated @entity1370 . A Phase I evaluation of the drug has been performed using daily i.v. administrations for 5 days. Sixty courses of treatment were administered to 23 @entity1 at doses from 2.5 to 90 mg/sq m/day. Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals. Dose-limiting @entity137 were @entity1431 and local cutaneous reactions. The @entity1431 was dose related, noncumulative, and of brief duration. Local reactions occurred in 14 of 37 courses administered at doses greater than 60 mg/sq m and in 13 @entity1 resulted in clinical cellulitis of the infused extremity. Gastrointestinal side effects were mild. No @entity1665 or @entity1370 was observed. Two mixed responses were obtained in @entity1 with @entity1358 . Using a daily schedule for 5 days, approximately 40% more drug can be delivered per course than by single-day i.v. administration. However, with this schedule, local cutaneous reactions may prove additionally dose limiting. Phase II studies of @entity11887 in a daily i.v. schedule for 5 days are planned at a dose of 80 mg/sq m/day to be repeated every 4 weeks.

title: Phase I clinical trial of 9,10-anthracene dicarboxaldehyde ( XXXX ) administered in a five-day schedule.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity10517 :: ('MESH:C034020', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracene']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephromas']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity11887 :: ('MESH:C031404', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisantrene']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity11887 :: (MESH:C031404,Chemical) :: ['Bisantrene']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors report their experience treating progressive liver metastases from @entity5 with @entity632 , iodized oil, and gelatin sponge embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 23 @entity1 , 18 had @entity4303 and 19 had elevated urinary @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) levels. Relief of symptoms, changes in @entity5581 levels, and changes in @entity5 size could be evaluated in 10, 11, and 17 @entity1 , respectively. RESULTS: Symptomatic response was complete (average duration, 29 months) in 70% and partial in 30% of evaluated @entity1 . Biologic response was complete (average duration, 21 months) in 73%, partial in 18%, and minor in 9% of evaluated @entity1 . Morphologic response was complete in 11%, partial in 24%, and minor in 24% of evaluated @entity1 . Survival after diagnosis of @entity5 , diagnosis of hepatic metastases, and first chemoembolization was 81, 47, and 24 months, respectively. Eight @entity1 were alive at the end of the study. No mortality was related to chemoembolization. CONCLUSION: Chemoembolization is safe and effective for @entity409 .

title: Transcatheter chemoembolization of progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['palliation of carcinoid liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['carcinoid liver metastasis']


abstract: @entity5 of the calvarium are infrequent, and with the exception of @entity1181 , lesions confined to the surface of the skull are very rare. The differential diagnosis includes benign and malignant matrix forming @entity5 , other @entity361 , and reactive lesions. @entity75 are characteristically centered within bone and surface fibro-osseous lesions always prompt consideration of @entity421 , which is rare but well documented in the calvarium. We present 2 cases of a distinctive lesion of the temporal bone intimately related to the occipito-mastoid suture and typically presenting as a retroauricular soft tissue mass with @entity730 densities, confined to the soft tissues on the outer table of the skull without intraosseous involvement. The lesion is characterized histologically by rounded and ovoid zones of ossification within a bland @entity82 . The first 2 cases were documented in 1999 as "Protuberant fibroosseous lesion of the temporal bone.:" We present a further 2 cases, 1 of 2 years duration and the other with a 10-year history. This distinctive entity, which must be distinguished from other fibro-osseous lesions, including subtle low-grade @entity421 , seems to behave in a benign fashion and thus far recurrence is not documented. Local excision seems adequate. The pathologic features in the original report were documented by Prof Peter Bullough. As these cases were recognized by him alone we propose calling this entity " @entity75 " or, better still, "Bullough's Bump!"

title: Protuberant fibro-osseous lesion of the temporal bone: " XXXX ".

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous stroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Fibro-osseous lesions', 'Bullough lesion']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['parosteal osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Bullough lesion']


abstract: A female neonate, born by cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation, presented with @entity649 , @entity5229 and @entity1696 . A sonogram showed increased echogenicity, with neither @entity3041 nor macroscopic cysts. Peritoneal dialysis was started on the 14th day because of @entity177 , but the newborn died on the 33rd day. Family history was unremarkable, except that the mother received @entity5230 at about the 26th week of gestation. A sonogram at the 28th week showed @entity2906 . Histopathological study of the kidneys revealed crowded glomeruli and only few differentiated proximal convoluted tubules in the inner cortex, abnormally differentiated microcystic tubules and microcystic glomeruli in the outer cortex. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed only traces of brush border in the dilated tubules of the outer cortex. Immunoperoxidase staining for epithelial membrane antigen was positive in the luminal border of all tubules. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of brush border remnants and other proximal tubular characteristics in some segments. The @entity8 bears some similarities to that found in @entity8 , but it fits better with those described after maternal use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The lesion in this case appears to have resulted from fetal exposure to @entity5230 . Recently, a second pregnancy ended in a completely normal female newborn.

title: Fetal renal maldevelopment with XXXX following maternal use of @entity5230 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal abnormality', 'familiar renal tubular dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['right pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity2906 :: (MESH:D016104,Disease) :: ['oligohydramnios']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examines how the term " @entity161 " is used in Italian newspapers. METHODS: The survey was carried out on the 22 Italian newspapers which allow word scanning on their online website. In each newspaper, the terms " @entity161 " and " @entity161 " were scanned in all articles, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008. Each article containing these terms was analyzed in relation to metaphorical usage to describe or denigrate @entity1 or groups not diagnosed " @entity161 " and in relation to non-metaphoric, direct descriptions of @entity1 using mental health services, or the illness itself. RESULTS: " @entity161 / @entity161 " was reported in 1,087 articles. It was used far more frequently as a metaphor (73.7%) than in reference to @entity1 actually given the diagnosis (19.2%) or to the disorder itself (7.1%). The 801 metaphoric uses were classified into the following categories: incoherence/contradiction/split (682, 85.1%), dangerousness/ @entity146 (34, 4.4%), and eccentricity/oddness (84, 10.5%). 117 out of 209 (55.9%) articles on @entity1 diagnosed with the disorder were in news section of which 57 (48.7%) referred to homicides, 17 (14.5%) to other assaults by the @entity1 , and 33 (28.2%) to assaults directed at the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm previous studies showing that the media disproportionately report negative stories about @entity1 diagnosed with " @entity161 ", and in particular, equate the diagnosis with violence. The study also demonstrates that the metaphorical use of the term to denigrate groups or individuals may be an equal or greater contributor to the stigma and prejudice experienced by @entity1 with this @entity146 .

title: Metaphoric and non-metaphoric use of the term " XXXX " in Italian newspapers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder', 'aggressiveness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity1661 is present in 7-10% of all @entity130 victims, and in cases of severe @entity130 is often found together with orthopedic, @entity149 (CNS) injuries. The aim of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis of @entity1661 and @entity130 involving other body regions, evaluating the prognostic significance of @entity3511 in @entity1 with severe @entity130 , based on data from a multidisciplinary @entity130 registry. Data from the period from @entity3490 2006 to December 31 2007 was collected from the @entity130 registry of the University Hospital Sant'Andrea in Rome, Italy. There were 25.875 @entity1 (31.4%) with the diagnosis of @entity130 out of a total of 82.293 @entity1 admitted to the emergency department. Eight hundred forty-four @entity1 were selected according to specific inclusion criteria and @entity1 with @entity3511 were further selected. The following data were investigated: @entity1 age, the @entity130 mechanism, duration of recovery, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), type and the incidence of @entity3511 . Morbidity and mortality, especially in @entity1 with spleen and @entity99 , were analyzed. There were 79 @entity1 (9.3%) with @entity1661 . Their mean ISS was 25.7 +/- 14.3. Sixty-one (77.2%) of these @entity1 had sustained severe @entity130 (ISS > 15). Forty-one @entity1 (51.8%) underwent surgery. The overall mortality rate was 24.1%, 19 @entity1 all with ISS > 15, so that the mortality rate for @entity1 with severe @entity130 was 31.2%. @entity130 was the most frequent, and was found in 36 @entity1 (45.6%) whose mean ISS was 31.1 +/- 144. Twenty-two @entity1 (61.6%) were treated surgically; a total of 21 splenectomies and one laparoscopic procedure to control bleeding were performed. Overall mortality among @entity1 with @entity130 was 30.5% (11 @entity1 ), with an average spleen AIS of 3.3 +/- 0.8 (died vs. survived p = n.s.). @entity99 were found in 33 @entity1 (41.7%). The mean ISS was 28.4 +/- 11.6. Sixty-five percent of the @entity1 were given nonsurgical treatment. Overall mortality among liver @entity130 @entity1 was 24.2% (8 @entity1 ) with an average liver AIS of 3.2 +/- 0.3 (died vs. survived p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, among the general population of @entity130 @entity1 , the ISS (p < 0.001), @entity1 age (p < 0.003), and an orthopedic (p < 0.002) or CNS injury (p < 0.006) proved to be significant independent predictors of the presence of an @entity3511 . Multivariate analysis showed that in @entity1 with @entity1661 , only the ISS (p < 0.001) was a significant independent predictor of mortality.

title: The epidemiology and clinical evaluation of @entity1661 . An analysis of a multidisciplinary XXXX registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'Liver injuries']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma', 'Abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic or central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury', 'abdominal injuries', 'abdominal and extra-abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic trauma', 'Splenic trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The distributions of the cholinergic system and catecholaminergic system in the normal @entity1 brain were analysed quantitatively by a microphotometry system. Consecutive coronal sections were obtained from the anterior area of the left hemisphere and were stained alternately with fluorescent immunohistochemical staining for @entity1877 acetyltransferase or @entity669 hydroxylase. Each stained section was divided into approximately 120,000 areas and the fluorescence intensity in each area was measured by a fluorescence microphotometry system which is a measuring microscope for distribution of fluorescence intensity in the tissue slice. Nonspecific autofluorescence was distributed in myelinated nerve fiber throughout the entire area, which was subtracted from the fluorescence intensity value in each measuring area. The obtained immunohistochemical fluorescence intensities of @entity1877 acetyltransferase and @entity669 hydroxylase were classified into eight ranks and were indicated by color graphics. Also, the intensity values of actual immunohistochemical fluorescence in the various brain regions were presented. The @entity1877 acetyltransferase and @entity669 hydroxylase concentrations varied greatly depending on the brain region. Relatively high levels of @entity1877 acetyltransferase and @entity669 hydroxylase were distributed in the putamen, caudate nucleus, claustrum, insula and some cortical regions. The immunohistochemical level of @entity669 hydroxylase was lower than that of @entity1877 acetyltransferase in a few brain regions such as the globus pallidus and amygdala. High levels of @entity1877 acetyltransferase and @entity669 hydroxylase were localized in the one area of the basal ganglia which developed from the @entity4519 area, whereas middle levels of these were distributed in another, part of which developed from the diencephalic area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical distributions of cholinergic and catecholaminergic systems in the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4519 :: ('MESH:C536954', 'Disease') :: ['telencephalic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Nodular @entity2783 is rare, but a number of individual cases have been reported in the literature. Radiologically, pulmonary amyloid nodules often mimic @entity5 and hence require biopsy to obtain a specimen for definitive diagnosis. We describe a case of isolated nodular @entity2783 with an unusual amyloid composition that given the @entity1 's clinical history has not been described in the literature to the best of our knowledge, making this case unique. A 58-year-old @entity1 with a history of mixed connective tissue disease was found to have multiple lung nodules on chest computed tomography (CT) that were radiologically suspicious for @entity5 . A CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of one of the nodules was performed. A diagnosis of amyloid was rendered using special stains and polarized light microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical stains revealed that the amyloid comprised @entity2263 microglobulin as well as both kappa and lambda light chains. Further work up showed no evidence of @entity1582 . We were successful in rendering an accurate diagnosis of a @entity358 on material procured by CT-guided FNA thus avoiding more invasive procedures. In addition, immunohistochemical staining revealed an unexpected and highly unusual protein composition of the amyloid.

title: Nodular XXXX with an unusual protein composition diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary amyloidoma']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['pulmonary amyloidosis']


abstract: The course of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is described over a 3-7 year period in 201 @entity1 treated by family physicians and in the same hospital. The probability of survival after 3 years is 63% (normal population of same age 85%) and after 5 years 48% (normal 75%) for all @entity1 . These figures are comparable with data in the literature of the last 12 years (42-69% 5-year survival). The @entity1 in our study are 68 years old on average and have an FEV1 of 1.3 liters. The prognosis of @entity1030 is significantly influenced by the following factors: ECG signs of @entity3618 , clinical signs of @entity712 , vital capacity, FEV1 and pa @entity515 . For example, within a 3 year period 63 of 124 @entity1 with @entity712 died as compared to only 3 of 57 without. Retrospective analysis shows inhalation therapy by motor-driven nebulizers to have a favourable effect on survival. For IPPB home therapy a favourable effect can only be shown after stratification for the two most significant prognostic factors to exclude therapeutic bias. No effect on survival was noted with long-term @entity134 therapy. 11% of @entity1 who have never smoked, and those who have stopped smoking, live significantly (p less than 0.002) longer than those who continued to smoke more than 3 cigarettes per day during the observation period.

title: [Probability of survival and prognostic factors in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively study the influence of @entity5 burden on lymphoscintigraphic imaging in 509 consecutive @entity1 with @entity320 . METHODS: Bidirectional lymphatic drainage, the clear depiction of an afferent lymphatic vessel, time to depiction of the first @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) and number of depicted and excised nodes were recorded. @entity5 load was classified as @entity1600 -negative, @entity1600 micrometastases or macrometastases. RESULTS: In the overall population, using multivariate regression analysis, a short @entity1600 depiction time was significantly associated with the depiction of a greater number of radioactive nodes, a short distance between the primary @entity5 site and the nodal basin, younger age and lower @entity5 burden. The proportion of @entity1 with clear depiction of an afferent lymphatic vessel depended on the @entity5 load (46  % in @entity1600 -negative @entity1 , 57  % in @entity1600 positive @entity1 , and 69  % in @entity1 with macrometastases; P   =   0.009). Macrometastasis was significantly associated with delayed depiction of the first radioactive node and a greater number of depicted hotspots. In @entity1 with clinically nonsuspicious nodes, i.e. the classical target group for @entity1600 biopsy, clear depiction of an afferent vessel was significantly associated with a higher number of SLNs during dynamic acquisition, @entity1600 micrometastasis and a higher overall number of metastatic lymph nodes after @entity1600 biopsy plus completion lymphadenectomy. The excision of more than two SLNs did not increase the @entity3 detection rate. In @entity1 with bidirectional or tridirectional lymphatic drainage, the @entity1600 positivity rates for the first, second and third basin were 25.4  %, 11.7  % and 0.0  %, respectively (P   =   0.002). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with clinically nonsuspicious lymph nodes, clear depiction of an afferent lymph vessel may be a sign of micrometastasis. Macrometastasis is associated with prominent afferent vessels, delayed depiction of the first radioactive node and a higher number of depicted hotspots.

title: The impact of @entity5 burden on lymphoscintigraphic imaging in XXXX with @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nodal tumour', 'Nodal tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Photoperiod is a major environmental cue that signals breeding conditions in animals living in temperate climates. Therefore, the activity of the reproductive (i.e. hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, HPG) axis and of the expression of reproductive behaviors, including territoriality, is responsive to changes in day length. However, at low latitudes the seasonal variation in day length decreases dramatically and photoperiod becomes less reliable as a breeding entraining cue in tropical species. In spite of this, some tropical mammals and birds have been found to still respond to small amplitude changes in photoperiod (e.g. 17min). Here we tested the effect of 2 photoperiod regimes, referred to as long-day (LD: 16L:08D) and short-day ( @entity168 : 08L:16D), on the activity of the @entity2270 , on @entity146 and in the @entity342 response to social challenges in males of the tropical cichlid fish Tilapia rendalli. For each treatment, fish were transferred from a pre-treatment photoperiod of 12L:12D to their treatment photoperiod (either LD or @entity168 ) in which they were kept for 20days on stock tanks. Afterwards, males were isolated for 4days in glass aquaria in order to establish territories and initial @entity342 levels ( @entity251 , T; @entity5444 , KT) were assessed. On the 4th day, territorial intrusions were promoted such that 1/3 of the isolated males acted as residents and another 1/3 as intruders. Territorial intrusions lasted for 1h to test the effects of a social challenge under different photoperiod regimes. Photoperiod treatment (either @entity168 or LD) failed to induce significant changes in the HPG activity, as measured by @entity342 levels and gonadosomatic index. However, @entity168 increased the intensity of @entity146 and shortened the time to settle a dominance hierarchy in an @entity342 -independent manner. The @entity342 responsiveness to the simulated territorial intrusion was only present in KT but not for T. The percent change in KT levels in response to the social challenge was different between treatments ( @entity168 >LD) and between male types (resident>intruder). The higher @entity342 response to a social challenge in residents under @entity168 may be explained by the time course of the @entity342 response that due to the long time it takes to fight resolution under LD, might have been delayed. This result illustrates the importance of incorporating time response data in social endocrinology studies.

title: Photoperiod modulation of XXXX is independent of androgens in a tropical cichlid fish.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5444 :: ('MESH:C003600', 'Chemical') :: ['11-ketotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors', 'aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive behavior']


abstract: The activity levels of @entity10608 carboxy-lyase ( @entity12154 ) (E.C. 4.1.1.17) and @entity3874 carboxy-lyase (SAM-D) (E.C.4.1.1.50) were determined in individual @entity1185 induced in @entity19 skin by a two-stage technique, and in normal @entity19 epidermis. @entity1880 treatment abolished both enzyme activities. In normal epidermis the @entity12154 activity was barely detectable, whereas the @entity5 exhibited high levels of @entity12154 . Levels of SAM-D activity above those of normal epidermis were detected in some @entity1185 , but in contrast to @entity12154 the SAM-D activity levels were not consistently increased in @entity1489 . By pooling a great number of @entity1185 , the variations in @entity12154 and SAM-D activities between different @entity1185 could be minimized so that reliable measurements of the biological half-lives of @entity12154 and SAM-D in the @entity5 were obtained using @entity1880 treatment. The half-life of SAM-D in @entity1185 was 45 min, almost identical to the 41 min half-life of the @entity864 ( @entity865 )-induced level of this enzyme in normal @entity19 epidermis. In contrast, the @entity12154 activity of the @entity19 @entity272 declined at a rate similar to that in @entity865 -treated epidermis for only the first 15-20 min after @entity1880 injection. Thereafter, at time points when protein synthesis was approximately 90% inhibited, the @entity12154 activity reverted to high levels. These results show that the high level of @entity12154 activity in @entity1185 is stabilized. This observation is compatible with the hypothesis that the control mechanism of the @entity12154 activity level in these @entity5 is severely deranged. This change in @entity4664 turnover pattern may be related to altered differentiation of the epidermal cells, which constitute the main bulk of cells in these @entity5 .

title: Ornithine decarboxylase activity in chemically induced XXXX @entity272 .

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'squamous papillomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity10608 :: ('CHEBI:15729', 'Chemical') :: ['L-ornithine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin papillomas']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) plays a pivotal role in regulating sympathetic vasomotor activity. The cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) contributes to the enhanced sympathetic outflow in chronic @entity712 and @entity101 . The aim of the present study was to determine whether @entity1808 and Ang-(1-7) in the RVLM modulate the CSAR and sympathetic activity. Bilateral sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy were carried out in anesthetized @entity35 . The CSAR was evaluated as the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) response to epicardial application of @entity2951 . The effects of bilateral microinjection of @entity1808 , Ang-(1-7), the @entity1129 (1) receptor antagonist @entity9886 or the Mas receptor antagonist D: - @entity493 -Ang-(1-7) (A-779) into the RVLM were determined. Either @entity1808 or Ang-(1-7) enhanced the CSAR as well as increased RSNA and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with @entity9886 but not the A-779 abolished the effects of @entity1808 , while A-779 but not the @entity9886 eliminated the effects of Ang-(1-7). The RVLM microinjection of @entity9886 alone had no direct effect on the CSAR, RSNA, and MAP, but A-779 alone attenuated the CSAR and decreased RSNA and MAP. These results indicate that Ang-(1-7) is as effective as @entity1808 in sensitizing the CSAR and increasing sympathetic outflow. In contrast to @entity1808 , the effects of Ang-(1-7) are not mediated by @entity1129 (1) receptors but by Mas receptors. Mas receptors, but not the @entity1129 (1) receptors, in the RVLM are involved in the tonic control of the CSAR.

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotension II in the rostral ventrolateral medulla modulate the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex and sympathetic activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A follow-up study aimed primarily at investigating late radiation effects on the genital organs and eye lenses was performed between 1999 and 2010 on three individuals who suffered from @entity6937 in China. The examination included a medical history, a physical examination, ultrasonography, laboratory analysis, and an ophthalmologic examination. In Case 1, @entity2588 occurred after exposure to a Co source. The uterus and ovaries were significantly narrowed in the second year following exposure. The @entity53 level decreased significantly during the first 3 y; @entity1420 was lowest in the second year; and levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone increased, especially in the first year. The lenses in both eyes appeared opaque 6 mo after the exposure, resulting in a gradual deterioration in visual acuity. In Case 2 (8 y old), the levels of @entity251 and @entity53 were normal. In Case 3, the levels of @entity251 and @entity53 were also normal, but the sperm count was 0 from 6 mo to 1 y, and the proportion of abnormal sperm was increased from 3-5 y after the accident. The lenses in Case 3 also began to turn opaque in the ninth year after the accident. In Case 1, the ovarian function was reduced, leading to @entity2588 and @entity7793 . In Case 3, the sperm count was reduced and the number of abnormal sperm was increased due to @entity16 by radiation. Radiation-induced @entity231 occurred in both Case 1 and Case 3.

title: Long-term Follow-up of the Genital Organs and Eye Lenses in Three Cases of XXXX from a 60Co Radiation Accident in China.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['testicular damage']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation sickness']

answer: @entity6937 :: (MESH:D054508,Disease) :: ['Acute Radiation Sickness']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine whether educational outreach visits improve nurses' compliance with applying best practice @entity1211 prophylaxis. The design was as a pretest/posttest study with a 7-week follow-up. It was conducted in a mixed medical/surgical unit in a 250-bed private hospital in Sydney, Australia. The target population was 25 medical/surgical nurses in educational outreach visits (EOVs). The main outcome measures included change in percentage between baseline and endpoint of eligible @entity1 receiving mechanical VTE prophylaxis and all @entity1 having VTE risk documented in their medication charts, as well as nurses' feedback on how supportive and useful they found EOVs. The results showed an overall, but not significant increase (p = 0.201) in the percentage of @entity1 who received mechanical VTE prophylaxis (59.4% baseline to 75% endpoint). There was a significant increase in the percentage of @entity1 having VTE risk status documented in the medication chart (0%-28%) (p = 0.002). Improvements in compliance were more likely for surgical than medical @entity1 (95% and 35%, respectively) and risk documentation (47% and 6%, respectively). Most nurses reported that the EOVs supported them in implementing best practice VTE mechanical prophylaxis. Researchers conclude that improvements in compliance with best practice VTE prevention can be achieved using EOVs which were easily conducted and well-received in a busy unit setting. More work is needed to increase the compliance rate with medical @entity1 .

title: Testing the effect of a targeted intervention on nurses' compliance with "best practice" XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['mechanical venous thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity360 is considered obscure when it persists or recurs after negative endoscopy. Small bowel lesions account for approximately 1-fourth of cases of obscure @entity360 . These lack specific clinical symtoms and signs, and tend to be inaccessible to routine examinations. The management of @entity1 with intermittent obscure @entity360 poses both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The aim of this study was to report the importance of laparoscopy in diagnosing and treating small bowel lesions responsible for obscure @entity548 in 5 @entity1 with subacute presentations. Data were collected from 2 hospitals' in- @entity1 records and a prospective database. All @entity1 underwent laparoscopic exploration. After the identification of the diseased segments, laparoscopy-assisted segmental resection of the small bowel and enteroentorostomy were carried out in all cases. This approach enabled a successful minimally invasive treatment of the obscure @entity360 . The overall procedure was safe and our results were satisfactory.

title: Application of laparoscopy in the management of obscure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that @entity583 may induce bone marrow stem cell mobilization and homing to the infarcted area, contributing to myocardial repair and tissue regeneration. Despite some encouraging results using stem cell therapy for myocardial regeneration in @entity1 and animals, the mechanisms behind this activity remain unclear. In this study, we investigate stem cell mobilization and homing in @entity63 , and investigate the involvement of cytokines @entity25229 and @entity94 in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity741 models were created by partial ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in Japanese white male @entity95 . Immunohistochemistry analysis of @entity63 showed the presence of @entity94 and @entity25229 along with homing of @entity100 positive ( @entity100 +) cells to the region in the 7 days following surgery. During the same period, an increase in percentage of @entity100 + cells in peripheral blood and in @entity94 and @entity25229 mRNA expression in @entity63 tissue was observed in animals that underwent partial LAD ligation. Terminal @entity1977 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) showed that cell apoptosis in the @entity63 decreased between days 7 and 28 following surgery. None of these changes were observed in animals that underwent sham operation. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stages of @entity741 , bone marrow stem cells are mobilized and home to @entity63 with a concomitant increase in expression of cytokines @entity94 and @entity25229 . Furthermore, cell apoptosis occurs in the @entity63 , possibly due to the activity of @entity25229 which is thought to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

title: XXXX + cell mobilization and upregulation of myocardial cytokines in a @entity95 model of @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity100 :: (100343670(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: Abstract Purpose: To evaluate @entity14938 ( @entity14938 ) alterations in @entity1 with @entity4578 ( @entity4578 ) by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and to correlate the finding with clinical presentation. Methods: Twenty-eight eyes with the diagnosis of @entity4578 and their contralateral unaffected eyes were studied and compared with 27 normal controls. All subjects completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (OSDI) and underwent slit-lamp biomicroscopy examination, tear break-up time (BUT) measurements, @entity941 staining, Schirmer test I, and an IVCM examination of the @entity14938 . IVCM parameters, including the @entity14938 acinar unit density (MGAUD), periglandular @entity32 ( @entity32 ), @entity14938 acinar unit longest diameter (MGALD), and @entity14938 acinar unit shortest diameter (MGASD) and their correlation with clinical data were analyzed. Results: The mean @entity14938 expressibility scores, BUT values, and staining scores were significantly worse in eyes with @entity4578 compared with the contralateral clinically unaffected eyes and controls (p   <   0.05). A significant decrease in MGAUD was observed in @entity4578 eyes compared with the controls and the contralateral clinically unaffected eyes. Conversely, the mean @entity32 and MGASD values were significantly higher in the @entity4578 eyes. There were no significant differences in mean MGALD value between the @entity4578 eyes and the contralateral clinically unaffected eyes. In addition, there were significant changes in the IVCM parameters in the contralateral unaffected eyes compared with the controls, including MGAUD, @entity32 , MGALD, and MGASD. All IVCM parameters showed a strong, significant correlation with @entity14938 dropout grades, @entity14938 expressibility, @entity941 staining scores, and OSDI values (all p   <   0.05). Conclusions: @entity1 with unilateral @entity4578 demonstrated significant changes in @entity14938 as compared with the contralateral clinically unaffected eyes and controls. The @entity14938 function should be closely observed in these @entity1 .

title: Meibomian Gland Alteration in XXXX with Primary @entity4578 : An In vivo Confocal Microscopy Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'inflammatory cell density']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'primary chronic dacryocystitis']

entities_list: @entity14938 :: ('MESH:D017043', 'Disease') :: ['meibomian gland', 'MG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Recently, it has been recognized that blood pressure (BP) in the elderly may decrease after a meal or oral @entity413 loading. @entity460 antagonists and diuretics have been advocated as first-line drugs for the treatment of @entity101 in the elderly. It is not known whether these antihypertensive drugs may further deteriorate or improve BP homeostasis after a meal. Therefore, we studied in a double-blind parallel study the effects of a 12-week treatment with @entity9805 , 20 mg once daily, and @entity918 , 50 mg once daily, on BP homeostasis after an oral @entity413 loading. In addition, the effects of both agents on @entity1735 metabolism were studied. Before treatment, mean BP decreased by 13 +/- 1 mm Hg (SEM) (10%, p less than 0.001) 60 min after the @entity413 loading in the @entity9805 group [n = 9, age 73 +/- 3 (SD) years] and by 9 +/- 2 (SEM) mm Hg (7%, p less than 0.01) in the @entity918 group [n = 13, age 76 +/- 4 (SD) years]. After 12 weeks of treatment, oral @entity413 loading resulted in mean BP reductions of 7 +/- 2 mm Hg (6%, p less than 0.01) and 4 +/- 2 mm Hg (4%, not significant) in the @entity9805 and @entity918 groups, respectively. In the @entity918 group, the area under the curve of plasma @entity413 was significantly higher after treatment than before (p = 0.03). We conclude that antihypertensive treatment with @entity9805 or @entity918 improves BP homeostasis after an oral @entity413 loading. In contrast to @entity9805 , 12 weeks of treatment with @entity918 slightly impairs @entity1735 metabolism.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity918 on postprandial blood pressure reduction and @entity1735 metabolism in @entity101 patients over 70 years of age.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9805 :: (MESH:D009568,Chemical) :: ['nitrendipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Full depth focal @entity1844 do not heal spontaneously and while some of these lesions are asymptomatic they might progress to @entity571 . Treatment for these lesions is warranted and the gold standard treatment at younger age remains biological healing by cell stimulation. In the middle-age @entity1 the success rate of biologic treatment varies, hence the surge of non-biological alternatives. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a metallic implant for treatment of these lesions with respect to the long-term panarticular cartilage homeostasis. METHODS: The medial femoral condyle of 16 @entity742 was operated unilaterally. A metallic implant was inserted in the weight-bearing surface at an aimed height of 0.5  mm recessed. Euthanasia was performed at 6 or 12 months. Implant height and tilt was analyzed using a laser-scanning device. Damage to cartilage surfaces was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically according to the @entity571 Research Society International (OARSI) recommendations. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity742 were available for evaluation and showed a varying degree of @entity16 linearly increasing with age. Cartilage damage of the medial tibial plateau opposing the implant was increased compared to the non-operated knee by 1.77 units (p  =  0.041; 95% CI: 0.08, 3.45) on a 0-27 unit scale. Remaining joint compartments were unaffected. Implant position averaged 0.54 recessed (95% CI: 0.41, 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed a consistent and accurate placement of these implants at a defined zone. At this position cartilage wear of opposing and surrounding joint cartilage is limited. Thus expanded animal and @entity1 studies are motivated.

title: Treatment of full thickness focal @entity1844 with a metallic resurfacing implant in a XXXX animal model, 1 year evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage lesions']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']