abstract: Trastuzumab-related @entity299 may be manageable and completely reversible with suitable cardiac medication, allowing optimal @entity0 treatment to continue. We present the case of a 42-year-old @entity1 who developed severe systolic @entity1002 with impaired contractility of the right ventricle, @entity120 , and clots in the left ventricular cavity during adjuvant treatment for @entity0 . The @entity1 was initially diagnosed with early @entity0 and underwent surgery on her left breast. She received 6 cycles of @entity4349 chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy in the left breast area, then 5 cycles of trastuzumab. After the fifth cycle of trastuzumab, she experienced dyspnoea and leg @entity4 . Fluid was detected in the pleural cavities but no lung metastases were identified. Echocardiography was performed, revealing a severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (10%) with impaired contractility of the right ventricle and @entity120 . Standard medication for @entity712 resulted in complete recovery of normal systolic and diastolic function of the left and right ventricles. The combination of low molecular weight heparin and @entity117 completely resolved the @entity715 . The @entity1 regained her full range of social, occupational, and family activities. This case study is the first to demonstrate the manageability and reversibility of trastuzumab-related @entity299 in a @entity1 who had developed severe @entity712 complicated with @entity715 during sequential @entity4349 and trastuzumab therapy for @entity0 . The findings contradict other opinions that trastuzumab-related acute @entity712 is analogous to stunning or hibernation and recovers without specific cardiac treatment.

title: Manageability of acute severe XXXX complicated with @entity715 during therapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular thrombosis', 'thrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is currently considerable interest in the cytogenetic analysis of @entity1778 . The improvement of banding techniques has made it possible to rather precisely identify deletion, translocation, inversions, and other @entity2526 . Specific recurring @entity2008 associated with distinctive morphologic features are thus increasingly recognized in @entity3052 . For example, uneven geographic distribution of nonrandom specific @entity2008 has been reported. We herein report the results of chromosome studies on 30 Chinese @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 . METHODS: Cytogenetic studies were performed at Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, from 1988 to 1993, on unselected samples of 30 @entity1 with de novo @entity3052 . Chromosome analysis was performed by short-term culture techniques on bone marrow material obtained from @entity1 at diagnosis. Metaphase chromosomes were banded by the conventional trypsin-Giemsa banding technique and then karyotyped according to the International System for @entity1 Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN). Classification of @entity1778 was based on the criteria of the French-American-British cooperative group. RESULTS: Of the 30 @entity1 with adequate specimens, 17 (56%) demonstrated @entity2008 . Six @entity1 were found to have structural rearrangements and seven @entity1 have a numerical change as the sole abnormality. Four @entity1 showed both @entity11578 . t(8;21) was found in 1 of the 8 M2 type ANLL @entity1 and two of them had monosomy 21. Four of the 6 @entity1 with @entity2799 ( @entity2799 ; M3 subtype) showed t(15;17). Two @entity1 with @entity1778 and abnormal bone marrow eosinophils showed inv(16)(p13q22). One @entity1 with @entity1778 demonstrated the loss of chromosome #7 and none showed the loss or deletion of chromosome #5. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a consistent finding of t(15;17) in @entity2799 ; however, a low incidence of t(8;21), -5/5q- and -7/7q- in our @entity1 demonstrated the possible difference in the incidence of @entity2008 in ANLL between the oriental @entity1 and the whites.

title: Cytogenetic studies in de novo XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['peoples', 'patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11578 :: ('MESH:D020914', 'Disease') :: ['structural and numerical anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['M4 type leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'chromosome abnormalities', 'chromosome aberrations', 'clonal chromosome abnormalities']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of @entity281 and to identify risk factors for @entity281 in connection with the implantation of an intrathecal @entity1772 (ITB) pump. METHODS: This retrospective study included all pediatric and adult @entity1 who received ITB at Rikshospitalet during the years 1999-2005. A database was created that included the following variables: @entity1 age, sex, weight, diagnosis, surgical procedure performed, presence of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) tube, urinary as well as @entity1241 , anesthetist's classification of @entity1 status (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade), timing of antibiotics administration, surgeon, assisting nurse, and surgical procedure time. Moreover, the mode of intrathecal screening trial (transcutaneous vs subcutaneous catheter insertion) and any complications were registered. The authors differentiated between deep and superficial @entity281 , and they registered the causative agent. RESULTS: A total of 163 @entity1 received ITB; of these, 91 were pediatric @entity1 (median age 10 years), and 72 were adults (median age 44 years). A total of 408 surgical procedures were performed. No @entity281 occurred in direct relation to the screening trials. When a pump was implanted subsequent to a screening trial with transcutaneous catheter insertion, the rate of @entity281 was 9% in the pediatric @entity1 . The corresponding @entity281 rate for pumps implanted after a screening trial with a subcutaneous distal catheter (Albright method) was 12%. This difference was not significant. There was a significantly higher incidence of @entity281 following pump implantation in the pediatric group (p = 0.028) than in the adult group. The presence of a @entity970 tube increased the incidence of @entity281 (p = 0.008) and may be one of the main reasons for a higher frequency of @entity281 in @entity1 . When the @entity1 suffered urinary and/or @entity1241 , there was a higher chance of @entity281 (p = 0.021). The surgical time was significantly longer in the pediatric group than in adults; however, the length of the surgical procedure had no impact on the occurrence of @entity281 . The most common causative agent was @entity794 ; this microbe was responsible for 69% of @entity281 . Also, 69% of @entity281 occurred within 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity281 is significantly higher in @entity1 undergoing ITB pump implantation than it is in adults. Screening trials applying the Albright method fail to reduce the frequency of @entity281 subsequent to pump implantation. The presence of a @entity970 tube has the greatest significance as a predictor of @entity281 .

title: Infections related to intrathecal baclofen therapy in XXXX and adults: frequency and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'deep infections']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity1180 is one of the most common diseases in @entity1 . Reactive @entity26 metabolites (ROMs) produced also physiologically in the body, are normally neutralised by antioxidative enzymes such as @entity224 dismutase (SOD). Infection is one of the causes of increased ROMs production. The most important mechanism of tissue damage produced by ROMs is the peroxidation of lipids found in cell membranes and it may be estimated by @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels. The purpose of this study, is to investigate tissue damage caused by ROMs in @entity1180 in 24 @entity95 . METHODS: Experimental @entity1244 was induced by blocking the right nose and inoculating @entity794 into the right maxillary sinuses. Left maxillary sinuses were the control group. Animals were divided into three groups and killed at 3, 5 and 7 days. Mucosas of each maxillary sinus were examined histopathologically and @entity1865 levels were determined. Blood samples were obtained preoperatively (control blood) and on killing days (experimental blood). Serum @entity1865 levels and erythrocyte SOD activities were determined. RESULTS: All the infected sinuses displayed signs of the @entity32 . @entity1865 levels and SOD activities in the experimental blood samples were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Mucosal @entity1865 levels in the experimental group were significantly higher than the controls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1180 caused by @entity794 an increased ROMs production was observed and it may contribute to tissue damage of @entity1244 .

title: @entity1234 levels and XXXX dismutase activity in experimental @entity1180 .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated differences in stress response and immunological function following laparoscopic and conventional @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with non-metastasized @entity5 were prospectively randomized to open (n = 18) or laparoscopic (n = 22) @entity348 . Blood samples were taken preoperatively (baseline), 2, 24, and 72 h following surgery. Systemic white blood cell and monocyte count, @entity1851 , @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity687 ( @entity687 ), HLA-DR expression on monocytes, @entity2124 , prolactin, and @entity701 were measured. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 with a median age of 66 years (interquartile range, 60-74 years) were included. Eighteen @entity1 (45%) were randomized to open surgery and 22 @entity1 (55%) to laparoscopic surgery. @entity1 demographics in terms of gender, age, BMI, ASA classification, localization of the @entity5 , and type of neoadjuvant therapy were comparable for both groups. Laparoscopic surgery resulted in a significantly better short-term preservation of postoperative immune function. HLA-DR expression on monocytes was significantly higher (64% vs 50%, P = 0.014) and @entity650 level increase was significantly lower (4.6 vs 10.8, P = 0.003) 2 h after laparoscopic surgery. No differences between the open and laparoscopic technique were observed in postoperative white blood cell count, monocyte count, @entity1851 , @entity687 , @entity2124 , prolactin, and @entity701 levels. CONCLUSION: Short-term postoperative immune and inflammatory functions tended to be better after laparoscopic rectal surgery. However, the differences were not consistent at all time intervals, making a definitive conclusion difficult. Better preserved inflammatory function 2 h after surgery may reflect a reduction in operative @entity130 when the laparoscopic technique is compared with open rectal procedures.

title: The surgical stress response and postoperative immune function after laparoscopic or conventional @entity348 in XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The outcome of @entity354 treatment is traditionally assessed by measuring endoscopically confirmed healing and symptom relief separately. Both terms together, indicating complete remission, are intuitively a more realistic clinical endpoint but are assessed less often. AIM: To explore this concept, we formally compared the efficacy of the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) @entity10112 and @entity1537 using rates of complete remission judged against rates of healing and symptom relief separately. METHODS: Five hundred and eighty-two @entity1 with @entity354 were randomized to treatment for 4, 8, or 12 weeks with either @entity10112 or @entity1537 40 mg daily. Symptom relief was assessed with the validated ReQuesttrade mark-GI subscale. RESULTS: Approximately 75% of @entity1 were free of symptoms or had no oesophageal lesions after 4 weeks' treatment, rising to about 93% and 96%, respectively, at 12 weeks. Complete remission rates were, however, lower at these time points; approximately 60% and about 90%, respectively. Both PPIs had similar efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopically confirmed healing and symptom relief assessed separately over-estimated the benefits of both drugs. In contrast, complete remission indicates that @entity1 may be treated inadequately when given the standard 4- to 8-week treatment. We suggest that complete remission is a more reliable and clinically relevant endpoint of treatment.

title: A clinical trial comparing XXXX and @entity1537 to explore the concept of achieving 'complete remission' in @entity354 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity10112 :: ('MESH:C064276', 'Chemical') :: ['pantoprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity10112 :: (MESH:C064276,Chemical) :: ['pantoprazole']


abstract: In @entity4457 , the number of visual cortical neurons are reduced and abnormal or absent sensitivity to retinal light stimulation of the amblyopic eye is demonstrated. Ten amblyopic @entity1 were studied to evaluate the response of the visual cortex to visual stimulation. METHODS: All @entity1 with unilateral @entity4457 received 500-550 MBq 99mTc-HMPAO during visual stimulation. Strobe light flashing was used as the stimulus for five @entity1 and a checkerboard pattern reversal was used in the other five @entity1 , closing one eye. For both groups a 2-Hz frequency was used. One week later, the same procedure was repeated with the opposite eye closed. SPECT images were reconstructed with prefiltering techniques and sliced along the orbitomeatal line. RESULTS: For all @entity1 , the amblyopic eye demonstrated less radioactivity in the visual cortex than in the normal eye. The mean cerebral-to-cerebellar ratios were 0.95 +/- 0.05 and 1.09 +/- 0.07 for amblyopic and normal eyes, respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Visual cortex response of the amblyopic eye to light stimulation was severely reduced when compared to the normal eye.

title: Brain SPECT evaluation of the visual cortex in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Health Commission Wales (Specialist Services) [HCW] are responsible for resource allocation and demand management in plastic surgery for the population of Wales (2.9 M). Since 2004, all @entity258 plastic surgery referrals have been screened by a single HCW Case Officer against clinical inclusion criteria before the referral is passed to the provider. Only @entity1 fulfilling these criteria proceed to an outpatient appointment, although there is an appeals procedure. Revised guidelines were introduced in 2006. Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of the process and the impact of the revised criteria. METHODS: The Case Officer's database was used to determine numbers of index procedures referred and those disallowed before and after the policy change. RESULTS: Since 2004 9,654 referrals have been screened. In 2005-6, 32.5% failed to meet the inclusion criteria and were disallowed. In the year after the policy revision fewer @entity258 @entity1 were referred (1720 vs. 2013) and more (46.6%) were declined. Body contouring / abdominoplasty were particularly affected with 73.2% not compliant with funding criteria. CONCLUSION: The Welsh model is an efficient, effective and equitable system for demand management, which amounts to thousands of requests per year. After 2006, tighter guidelines have resulted in a higher proportion of @entity1 not meeting the criteria for funding, particularly for body contouring / abdominoplasty procedures. Difficulties remain however in determining reproducible and clinically appropriate criteria for @entity1 seeking plastic surgery following massive @entity353 . Whilst this process streamlines the provision of NHS plastic surgery for the @entity1 of Wales, there is a potential impact on specialist training.

title: Demand management in plastic surgery for XXXX procedures: the Welsh experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low priority']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight-loss']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low priority']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a major lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of @entity701 (HC) substitution therapy in @entity1 with secondary @entity1887 . Therefore, we evaluated the effects of two different replacement doses of HC on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a RCT. METHODS: This RCT with a double-blind cross-over design was performed at the University Medical Center Groningen. Forty-seven @entity1 (29 @entity1 , age 51    14 years, range 19-73 years) with secondary @entity1887 participated. @entity1 received both a lower and a higher dose of HC (0.2-0.3 and 0.4-0.6 mg/kg body weight/day) for 10 weeks in random order. HRQoL was assessed with a daily mood and symptom checklist ( @entity1 Health Questionnaire-15 [PHQ-15], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7], @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) and with questionnaires assessing general well-being (RAND 36-Item Health Survey [RAND-36]), mood (Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale [HADS]) and fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 [MFI-20]). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01546922. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving the higher dose of HC reported significantly fewer symptoms of @entity308 (p = 0.016 and p = 0.045 for HADS and PHQ-9, respectively), less general and mental fatigue (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively, both MFI-20), increased motivation (p = 0.021, MFI-20), better physical functioning (p = 0.041), better general health (p = 0.013) and more vitality (p = 0.025) (all RAND-36). In addition, while on the higher dose, fewer somatic symptoms (p = 0.022) and @entity158 (p < 0.001) (both PHQ-15) were experienced. CONCLUSIONS: On the higher dose of HC, @entity1 reported a better HRQoL on various domains as compared to the lower dose of HC. The fact that a higher dose of HC may improve @entity1 well-being should be taken into consideration when individualizing the HC substitution dose.

title: @entity701 Dose Influences XXXX , Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Health in @entity1887 : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe @entity1 characteristics, use of technology and mortality in @entity1 with @entity693 admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Fifteen US PICUs. @entity1 : All admissions with a diagnosis of @entity693 between 1995 and 2000 in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Evaluations (PICUEs) database. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Of 559 @entity1 with @entity693 , 58% were male. The median age was 19 months and the median length of PICU stay was 2 days. The crude PICU mortality rate was 7%. Three hundred thirty-four (60%) @entity1 had @entity4008 . Non-survivors had significantly higher Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) III scores and also constituted a larger proportion of the @entity1 with @entity4008 , @entity772 and shock upon PICU admission. The use of invasive devices was higher among non-survivors, @entity1 with @entity4008 or those who were in @entity772 or shock upon PICU admission. There was significant variation in the use of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitors by @entity772 status and by institution. In multivariate analysis, @entity1 had 1.26 higher odds of mortality for each unit increase in PRISM III score (odds ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.34), while adjusting for other variables. CONCLUSION: In a large cohort of @entity1 admitted to the PICU with @entity693 , severity of @entity221 , particularly the presence of shock or @entity772 , was significantly associated with both the higher use of invasive medical devices and higher mortality. There was significant variation in the use of ICP monitors among the various PICUs without statistical association with survival.

title: Characteristics and immediate outcome of childhood XXXX treated in the pediatric intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Although antibiotics are frequently used to treat @entity30 , this practice is not supported by strong evidence from randomized trials. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind multicenter study of @entity1 with active @entity30 , right colon, or both. @entity1 were randomized to receive oral @entity2177 and @entity868 , both 500 mg twice daily, or placebo for 8 weeks. All @entity1 received oral @entity4184 9 mg once daily. The primary efficacy measure was the proportion of @entity1 in remission at week 8. RESULTS: Of the 134 @entity1 who were randomized, 130 were evaluated for efficacy; 66 received placebo, and 64 received antibiotics. At week 8, 21 @entity1 (33%) assigned to antibiotics were in remission as compared with 25 @entity1 (38%) in the placebo group (P = 0.55; absolute difference, -5%; 95% confidence interval, -21% to 11%). An interaction (P = 0.025) between treatment allocation and disease location on treatment response was identified. Among @entity1 with disease of the colon, 9 of 17 (53%) were in remission after treatment with antibiotics, compared with 4 of 16 (25%) of those who received placebo (P = 0.10). Discontinuation of therapy because of adverse events occurred in 13 of 66 (20%) @entity1 treated with antibiotics, compared with 0 of 68 in the group who received placebo (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with active @entity30 , the addition of @entity2177 and @entity868 to @entity4184 is an ineffective intervention, but this antibiotic combination may improve outcome when there is involvement of the colon.

title: Combined @entity4184 and antibiotic therapy for active XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease of the ileum", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adiposity measures are associated with increased pediatric blood pressure (BP). However, this correlation can be confounded by the relationship of both variables to height. We evaluated whether adiposity and anthropometric measures were associated with pediatric BP before and after adjusting each value for height. METHODS: @entity1 included 281 African-American (AA), European-American (EA), and @entity7593 ( @entity7593 ) @entity1 aged 7-12 years. BP percentiles were calculated according to pediatric guidelines using the average of four measurements. Total fat mass was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Socioeconomic status (SES) was calculated with the Hollingshead index. Adiposity measures were indexed for height using log-log regression analysis. Partial correlations identified measures associated with BP. Linear regression was used to test the association of those measures with absolute BP, whereas logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds for @entity101 . RESULTS: More AAs (16.3%) presented with potential @entity101 than EA (5.1%) or @entity7593 (2.7%) @entity1 . After adjusting for covariates, fat mass, body mass index, and waist circumference were positively significantly associated with absolute BP and @entity101 in AA and EA @entity1 (P < 0.05). When these measures were height-indexed, only waist remained significantly positively associated with @entity101 risk in these two groups. No measures were significantly associated with BP among @entity7593 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this multiethnic pediatric population, waist circumference was the strongest significant adiposity predictor of @entity101 risk among AA and EA @entity1 . Additional research is needed to determine which environmental and genetic factors contribute to pediatric @entity101 , particularly among @entity7593 groups.

title: Adjusting adiposity and body weight measurements for height alters the relationship with blood pressure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['Hispanic-American', 'HA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The favourable experience with the combination regimen of @entity1206 , @entity1260 and @entity900 ( @entity2068 ) in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has led to a protocol assessing this regimen as an induction treatment in @entity1 with stage III unresectable @entity1149 , followed by thoracic radiotherapy with concurrent daily @entity900 as a radiosensitizer. Two cycles of NIP were administered 21 days apart; each cycle comprised i.v. @entity1206 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, i.v. @entity1260 3 g/m2 on day 1 with MESNA as uroprotection, and i.v. @entity900 50 mg/m2 on day 1. Radical thoracic radiotherapy commenced on day 43 to a total dose of 64 Gy and i.v. @entity900 6 mg/m2 was given concurrently prior to each fraction of radiation as a sensitiser. Two more cycles of NIP were given to @entity1 who responded favourably to the induction treatment about 2 weeks after completion of radiation. Between July 1995 and July 1997, 44 @entity1 were treated with this protocol. This treatment schedule was generally well tolerated. Grade 3-4 @entity1398 occurred in 50% of the @entity1 and @entity1398 was seen in 8. Grade 3-4 @entity354 was uncommon. Most of the @entity1 were able to complete the induction and concurrent chemoradiotherapy phase. Major response occurred in 75% of the @entity1 with 2 (4.5%) complete responses (CR). A total of 6 @entity1 achieved CR after chemoradiotherapy. At a median follow-up of 35 months, the median overall survival for all @entity1 was 15 months with a 3-year survival rate of 24%. The median overall survival for stage IIIA @entity1 was 19 months with a 3-year survival rate of 39% in contrast to 13 months' median overall survival and only 15% 3-year survival rate for stage IIIB. The NIP regimen results in a high response rate in @entity1149 and this treatment programme seems to benefit selected @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage III unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the modern techniques for the treatment of @entity174 (Fx) is elastic @entity702 intramedullary nailing. But, there are different opinions about this technique. We studied this technique in 12 @entity1 with clavicle Fx and assessed its outcome. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the prognosis of midshaft clavicular Fx treated via minimally invasive stable elastic intramedullary nailing. @entity1 AND METHODS: We operated on 13 clavicle Fx in 12 @entity1 from 2008 through 2012. We used a new technique called minimally invasive @entity702 elastic intramedullary nailing for operating @entity1 with midshaft clavicular Fx. RESULTS: Clinical union was achieved 3-5 weeks after the operation with no @entity158 over Fx sites upon physical examination. Radiologic union appeared at 6 to 12 weeks .We did not encounter nonunion or infection, but one of the comminuted Fx united 1 cm shorter; however, it had a solid union with a good score. All but two @entity1 had good scores. CONCLUSIONS: Although controversy exist regarding intramedullary nailing of clavicle Fx, our results using this technique for minimally comminuted midshaft clavicular Fx were very good.

title: Treatment of midshaft XXXX with elastic @entity702 nails.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['clavicle fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['clavicular fractures']


abstract: In a previous report, we have shown that acute activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by the cytokine @entity10884 ( @entity10884 ) in the ovariectomized (OVX) @entity2608 results in an inhibition of LH secretion. Here, we study whether @entity53 (E) replacement therapy, at a level that reproduces E concentrations typical of the late follicular phase, modifies the gonadotropin and @entity701 responses to @entity10884 administration. For E replacement, two Silastic capsules containing E were implanted sc 5 days before the experiment. The serum E concentration increased from less than 5 in OVX to 103.0 +/- 5.2 pg/ml in OVX and E-replaced monkeys. The experimental protocols were carried out 24 h or more after the LH surge that had been induced by E. In Exp 1, the effects of an intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of physiological saline (group 1) or @entity10884 (2.1 or 4.2 micrograms/30 min; group 2) on LH, FSH, and @entity701 were compared. @entity10884 administration resulted in a progressive release of LH (to 159.0 +/- 8.3% of baseline at 5 h; P < 0.05, 3-5 h vs. saline). @entity701 decreased in group 1 (84.5 +/- 1.3% by 5 h), but increased after @entity10884 (147.3 +/- 12.6%; P < 0.05 vs. saline). In Exp 2, we determined whether the stimulatory effects of @entity10884 on LH result from the central activation of @entity24560 release (group 3). Infusion of the @entity24560 antagonist, @entity24561 12, Nle21,38, CaMe,Leu37-CRF-(12-41) (240 or 360 micrograms/2 h) prevented the increase in LH seen after @entity10884 treatment (67.3 +/- 12.5% at 5 h, NS vs. saline). The @entity24560 antagonist also prevented the increase in @entity701 and @entity1420 induced by @entity10884 . In Exp 3, we tested whether the stimulatory effect of @entity10884 on LH secretion can be simulated by ACTH infusion (group 4). ACTH-(1-24) (10-micrograms bolus plus 50 micrograms/5 h, iv) induced a progressive increase in LH secretion (to 221.5 +/- 27.8% of baseline by 5 h; P < 0.05, 3-5 h vs. saline). ACTH also stimulated @entity701 secretion (to 203.3 +/- 30.7% by 5 h). In Exp 4, we investigated the role of adrenal @entity1420 in the LH response observed in groups 2 and 4. This increase in LH did not occur after pretreatment with @entity3927 , a @entity1420 antagonist (5 mg @entity3927 ; 77 +/- 24.2% by 5 h; P = NS vs. saline), although the increases in @entity701 and @entity1420 were not prevented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Stimulatory effects of interleukin-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis on gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized monkeys replaced with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'RU486']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: The inhibitory activities of @entity276 (10% (w/v) solution), @entity23279 (9% (w/v) solution), and @entity276 / @entity23279 (10 and 9% (w/v) solution, respectively) combination against eggs and emerging adult cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and adulticidal activity were tested on experimentally infested @entity235 . Thirty-two @entity235 were selected for this study and eight replicates of four animals were formed based on body weight within sex. One @entity235 in each replicate was randomly allocated to treatment with: (1) untreated control; (2) @entity276 10% (w/v) solution, (3) @entity23279 9% (w/v) solution, and (4) @entity276 10% (w/v) and @entity23279 9% (w/v) combination solution. Treatments were applied once topically on Day 0 at the rate of 0.067 ml/kg. On Days -12, -1, 21, and weekly to Day 84 each @entity235 was infested with approximately 200 fleas and comb counted approximately 24h later, or 2 days (our 48 h) after in the case of Day -1 @entity277 . On Days -11, 1, 22, and weekly to Day 85 each @entity235 was again infested with approximately 200 fleas. Flea eggs were collected over approximately 24 h beginning 3 days after @entity277 . @entity11101 were combed off of the @entity235 and counted at the end of the egg collection period (approximately 96 h count). One aliquot of up to about 100 eggs, if available, from each animal at each @entity277 time was incubated for approximately 72 h to determine larval hatch and the other for 35 days to determine the number of adults that developed. The 10% (w/v) @entity276 spot-on provided excellent control (>95%) of @entity11101 on @entity235 for 5 weeks. Similarly, the combination spot-on of 10% (w/v) @entity276 and 9% (w/v) @entity23279 provided excellent control of @entity11101 , i.e., >95% for 5 weeks. From week 6 post-treatment onward, the relatively low inhibition of adult @entity11101 emergence substantiated the lack of significant ovicidal/larvicidal activity in the @entity276 (10%, w/v) treatment group. However, the combination product provided excellent (>90%) ovicidal activity for 8 weeks and high (91.4%) inhibition of adult @entity11101 emergence for 12 weeks. In addition, a synergistic effect of the two compounds in combination was demonstrated with @entity276 enhancing the ovicidal and inhibition of adult @entity11101 emergence activity of @entity23279 against cat @entity11101 eggs. When all stages of the life cycle of the cat @entity11101 are considered, the combination spot-on product provided a high level of total @entity11101 control yielding a curative effect against @entity11101 and inhibition of @entity11101 development stages with little to no potential reinfestation pressure on the animal or in the environment for 12 weeks.

title: Efficacy of XXXX / @entity23279 combination spot-on for @entity235 against shed eggs, emerging and existing adult cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis, Bouch  ).

entities_list: @entity276 :: ('MESH:C082360', 'Chemical') :: ['fipronil']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs', 'dog', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity11101 :: ('MESH:D058267', 'Disease') :: ['flea', 'Fleas', 'adult fleas']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity23279 :: ('CHEBI:39255', 'Chemical') :: ['(S)-methoprene']

answer: @entity276 :: (MESH:C082360,Chemical) :: ['fipronil']


abstract: We describe the prospective evaluation of 90 @entity1 seen at 2 medical centers who presented with acute urinary retention. All @entity1 had a pre-retention history obtained, as well as careful prostate examination, perineal prostate biopsy and followup treatment or monitoring. @entity263 was found in 12 of the 90 @entity1 (13.3 per cent), while 1 had metastatic @entity1778 to the prostate. Of the 90 @entity1 69 (76.7 per cent) had a palpably benign prostate and 2 @entity5 (2.9 per cent) were diagnosed, while 11 @entity5 occurred in 21 @entity1 (52.4 per cent) with a suspicious examination. A total of 46 @entity1 (51.1 per cent) underwent further prostate resection and no @entity5 was found in any of these specimens: 43 underwent transurethral resection (24.9 gm. average), while 3 underwent open prostatectomy (97 gm. average). Other etiologies of acute retention included benign @entity1373 , other underlying illness, medical procedures, medications, @entity1069 and @entity1069 . Among the 44 @entity1 who did not undergo prostatectomy 13 had treatment of the diagnosed @entity5 , 9 had resolution of retention and symptoms without intervention, 9 remained catheterized due to severe medical problems, 8 were treated for @entity1069 , 2 had discontinuation of sympathomimetic drugs and 1 each underwent urethrotomy, @entity1494 and resolution of @entity1069 . In contrast to the older literature in which approximately 25 per cent of the @entity1 presenting with acute urinary retention had @entity263 , our data suggest a lower incidence. Prostatic biopsy for @entity1 who present with acute urinary retention and a benign examination does not appear to be justified.

title: Acute urinary retention associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic infarction', 'prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck incision']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity134 responsive @entity253 in @entity1 fulfilling criteria for @entity991 ( @entity991 ) have been reported. The clinical course and response to therapy in @entity1 with @entity991 with elevated immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels has not been investigated previously. @entity1 with @entity991 were screened for IgG4-related @entity253 during 2006 to 2008 and data were collected prospectively. A total of 33 out of 285 (12%) @entity1 with @entity991 (18 males) had elevated IgG4 (>140mg/dL) with a median age of 46 years (interquartile range 29-60); 24 could be evaluated. All @entity1 had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic @entity253 . @entity660 were found in 4 (17%), and 11 of 24 (46%) presented with @entity1087 ; 8 of 24 (33%) received biliary stenting for a median time of 4 months (0-6). @entity1575 was diagnosed in 12 of the 24 (50%). Overall, 18 @entity1 were treated with @entity288 and 6 @entity1 managed conservatively. Nine of 10 @entity1 with elevated @entity648 had improvement. Alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly at 2 months and at last follow-up. IgG4 levels at baseline were 242 (216-357) mg/dL and decreased to 109 (80-236) at 2 months (P < 0.05) and 174 (115-269) at last follow-up (P < 0.05). A total of 39% had adverse effects of @entity230 , mostly @entity4854 . Relapses occurred in 7 of the 14 (50%), but biliary stents could be removed in all. Elevated IgG4 levels were observed in 12% of typical @entity1 with @entity991 . Prevalence of @entity82 was high, suggesting a severe @entity409 . Most @entity1 had a good biochemical response to @entity230 , but adverse effects were common. Future work should be directed at finding therapy that is more effective, better tolerated, and of more lasting benefit.

title: XXXX associated with elevated immunoglobulin G4: clinical characteristics and response to therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease course']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease', 'biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['Primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15809 is a protrusion of the pharyngeal mucosa through a weak area of the posterior wall. It is a @entity395 with an incidence in Mexico of ~0.04% of the population. Its pathophysiology is not yet completely understood. Treatment is surgical and is performed in case of complications. Clinic case: We present the case of a 67 year-old male @entity1 without comorbidities. Symptoms appeared 15 months prior to admission with occasional @entity1282 to solids and liquids, breathing difficulty at night, drooling, halitosis, 3 kg weight loss in 2 months, and adequate appetite. Diagnosis of @entity15809 was established by imaging method and endoscopy. A diverticulectomy with cricopharyngeal muscle myotomy was successfully performed. Liquid diet was started the third postoperative day and progressed without complications; the @entity1 was discharged on the sixth postoperative day without complications. Follow-up at 1 year was successful without recurrence. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive procedures are useful in @entity1 with comorbidities and for the short anesthesia time and hospitalization. Referring to our field of work, the open treatment is best to relieve symptoms rather than endoscopic procedures because the training for advanced endoscopic procedures is a problem due to lack of infrastructure and specialized personnel.

title: [ XXXX : election of surgical treatment and outcome. Case presentation].

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ["Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker's diverticulum']


abstract: Recent trials have shown remarkable efficacy from combined trastuzumab and chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting of @entity0 . In spite of these successes, refractory @entity0 has emerged as a clinically problematic outcome for a subset of @entity1 managed this way. In an effort to clarify and optimize the treatment regimens for @entity0 @entity1 who are candidates to receive trastuzumab, we sought to analyze whether a distinctive genetic signature could be characterized that would reliably predict the treatment outcome. The ability to predict who will respond and who will become refractory to this agent will allow for improved, rational clinical management of these @entity1 and further stratify the personalized nature of this treatment regimen. In this study, 41 consecutive cases of @entity0 with well-documented amplification of the @entity1 @entity1722 gene and corresponding banked fresh-frozen tissue were identified and divided into two separate groups based on whether they received trastuzumab or not. The first group consisted of 12 @entity1 who had received trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting, of which three later experienced @entity5 recurrence. The second group consisted of 10 @entity1 not treated with trastuzumab, of which 6 were later found to have recurrence. Differentially expressed genetic profiles were determined using @entity1 genome-wide Illumina Bead Microarrays. The differentially expressed genes for non-recurrence vs recurrence in the trastuzumab-treated group were distinct from those in the same comparison group in the untreated group. Differential expression of key genes identified in this study might offer an insight into a possible mechanism of trastuzumab resistance in @entity0 , and may emerge as potential predictive biomarkers indicative of trastuzumab resistance.

title: XXXX with amplified @entity1722 : a gene expression signature specific for trastuzumab resistance and poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor-2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Basic and clinical research support the hypothesis that activation of the coagulation and @entity32 pathways may affect @entity5 onset, but there is limited epidemiological data to support this. METHODS: We examined a large range of haemostatic and @entity32 markers, including @entity2002 , in 19 303 male @entity1 from three English cohorts followed for up to 30 years. After excluding the first 3 years of follow-up, 2908 incident @entity5 were accrued. Competing risk models were fitted to estimate rate ratios (RRs) for @entity5 incidence, adjusting for age and other confounders. RESULTS: Baseline white blood cell (WBC) count and circulating levels of @entity2002 , C-reactive protein (CRP), factor VII antigen (VIIa) and prothrombin fragment @entity6343 were positively associated with risk of smoking-related @entity5 , @entity2 . The magnitude of these associations was highest for persistently raised @entity2002 levels. There was, however, substantial confounding by smoking with risk being fully (WBC, CRP and VIIa) or partially ( @entity2002 ) removed after adjustment. The pooled RRs (95% confidence interval) per one standard deviation increase in @entity2002 levels before and after adjustment for smoking habits were 1.23 (1.12, 1.36) and 1.12 (1.05, 1.20), respectively. The @entity2002 associations were present only among current smokers at entry. The effect of smoking on smoking-related @entity5 was partly mediated by @entity2002 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with elevated circulating levels of @entity2002 and @entity6343 being predictors of risk of smoking-related @entity5 . Further research is necessary to clarify whether elevated levels of @entity2002 and @entity6343 are causally relevant or simply correlates of the smoking- @entity5 association.

title: Circulating levels of coagulation and @entity32 markers and XXXX risks: individual @entity1 analysis of data from three long-term cohorts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['particularly lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ), the primary regulator of the production of erythroid cells, acts by binding to a @entity15392 ( @entity5859 ) on erythroid progenitors. We used deletion analysis and transfection assays with reporter gene constructs to examine the transcription control elements in the 5' flanking region of the @entity1 @entity5859 gene. In erythroid cells most of the transcription activity was contained in a 150 bp promoter fragment with binding sites for transcription factors @entity18720 , @entity3419 and the erythroid-specific @entity3421 . The 150 bp @entity5859 promoter exhibited high and low activity in erythroid OCIM1 and K562 cells, respectively, reflecting the high and low levels of constitutive @entity5859 expression. The @entity3421 and @entity3419 binding sites in this promoter lacking a TATA sequence were necessary for a high level of transcription activation. Protein-DNA binding studies suggested that @entity3419 and two other CCGCCC binding proteins from erythroid and non-erythroid cells could bind to the @entity3419 binding motif. By increasing @entity3421 levels via co-transfection, we were able to transactivate the @entity5859 promoter in K562 cells and non-erythroid cells, but not in the highly active OCIM1 cells, although @entity3421 mRNA levels were comparable in OCIM1 and K562. Interestingly, when we mutated the @entity3419 site, resulting in a marked decrease in @entity5859 promoter activity, we could restore transactivation by increasing @entity3421 levels in OCIM1 cells. These data suggest that while @entity3421 can transactivate the @entity5859 promoter, the level of @entity5859 gene expression does not depend on @entity3421 alone. Rather, @entity5859 transcription activity depends on coordination between @entity3419 and @entity3421 with other cell-specific factors, including possibly other @entity3419 -like binding proteins, to provide high level, tissue-specific expression.

title: Regulation of transcription of the XXXX @entity1307 receptor gene by proteins binding to @entity3421 and @entity3419 motifs.

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['Erythropoietin', 'Epo']

entities_list: @entity15392 :: ('57126', 'Gene') :: ['cell surface receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2008 have major biologic and prognostic implications in @entity1778 . Cytogenetic information in typically hypoproliferative @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is limited because of difficulties in obtaining analyzable metaphases. In this study, karyotypes and other known prognostic factors were analyzed in 155 newly diagnosed @entity1582 @entity1 , entered on an intensive treatment program with two autotransplants. Complete remission (CR), event-free (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed using standard statistical methods. Abnormal cytogenetics were found in 39% of @entity1 and were associated with a significantly lower CR rate (27% v 48%; P = .008). EFS and @entity1349 were inferior in @entity1 with either partial or complete deletion of chromosome 13 or 11q abnormalities ("unfavorable" karyotype) when compared with the remaining @entity1 (P < .001) who, as a group, had a similar prognosis irrespective of cytogenetic findings, ie, inevaluable, normal, or abnormal but without an "unfavorable" karyotype. The @entity1 with @entity2008 had a dismal prognosis with median EFS and @entity1349 of only 11 and 12 months, respectively. Significant associations were noted between an "unfavorable" karyotype and IgA isotype, elevated levels of @entity2262 (B2M, > or = 3 mg/L) and age > 60 years. On multivariate regression analysis, the absence of an "unfavorable" karyotype was the most significant variable associated with prolonged EFS and @entity1349 (P = .0001 and .0002, respectively). Other independent favorable variables were age less than 60 years, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) < or = 0.4 mg/dL and @entity236 < or = 50% before treatment. On a multivariate analysis without cytogenetics, these same three standard parameters were identified as the only favorable variables. @entity1 not having all three standard favorable variables had a significantly lower CR rate (P = .03), EFS (P = .0001), and @entity1349 (P = .002) if an unfavorable karyotype was detected. We conclude that, in this program of uniformly treated @entity1582 @entity1 , a poor prognosis was associated predominantly with abnormalities of chromosomes 11 and 13.

title: Poor prognosis in XXXX is associated only with partial or complete deletions of chromosome 13 or abnormalities involving 11q and not with other karyotype abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow plasmacytosis']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal abnormalities', 'abnormalities of both chromosomes 11 and 13']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: AIMS: We reviewed outcomes in our primary prevention @entity737 ( @entity737 ) population according to whether the device was programmed with a single @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) zone or with two zones including a @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) zone in addition to a @entity2224 zone. METHODS: This retrospective study examined 137 @entity1 with primary prevention ICDs implanted at our institution between 2004 and 2006. Device programming and events during follow-up were reviewed. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, time to first shock, and incidence of shocks. RESULTS: Eighty-seven ICDs were programmed with a single @entity2224 zone (mean >193    1 beats per minute [bpm]) comprising shocks only. Fifty ICDs had two zones (mean @entity1165 zone >171    2 bpm; @entity2224 zone >205    2 bpm), comprising antitachycardia pacing (100%), shocks (96%), and @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) discriminators (98%) . Discriminator "time out" functions were disabled. Mean follow-up was 30    0.5 months and similar in both groups. All-cause mortality (12.6% and 12.0%) and time to first shock were similar. However, the two-zone group received more shocks (32.0% vs 13.8% P = 0.01). Five of 16 shocks in these @entity1 were inappropriate for @entity4710 rhythms. The single-zone group had no inappropriate shocks for SVTs. Eighteen of 21 appropriate shocks were for @entity943 at rates >200 bpm (three @entity2224 , 15 @entity1165 ). This suggests that primary prevention @entity737 @entity1 infrequently suffer @entity943 at rates <200 bpm and that @entity855 may play a role in terminating rapid VTs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with two-zone devices received more shocks without any mortality benefit.

title: Do traditional @entity1165 zones improve outcome in primary prevention @entity737 XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) is one of the most studied cytokines driving T-cell proliferation, activation and survival. It binds to the @entity3647 consisting of three chains, the a ( @entity2902 ), b and common y (yc). The binding of the @entity2902 chain to @entity1199 is necessary to expose high-affinity binding sites for the b and yc chains, which, in turn, are responsible for downstream signalling. A high level of soluble @entity2902 (sCD25) has been associated with a poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1893 . The function and source of origin of this soluble receptor is not well investigated. In the present study we hypothesized that T regulatory (Treg) cells may release @entity2902 to act as a decoy receptor for @entity1199 , thereby depriving T-effector cells of @entity1199 . Peripheral blood from @entity1 with B-cell @entity5 (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 27) was investigated for the presence and function of @entity403 (+) Treg cells and sCD25 by multi-colour flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, the proliferative capacity of T cells was evaluated with or without the presence of recombinant sCD25. The results demonstrate that Treg cells from @entity1 had lower @entity2902 expression intensity and that they released @entity2902 in vitro. Further, high levels of Treg cells correlated with sCD25 plasma concentration. Recombinant sCD25 could suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, the release of sCD25 by Treg cells may be a mechanism to deprive @entity1199 and thereby inhibit anti- @entity5 T-cell responses.

title: T regulatory cells control T-cell proliferation partly by the release of soluble XXXX in @entity1 with B-cell @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity2902 :: (3559,Gene) :: ['CD25']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    @entity778 typically causes mild @entity779 , but, in severe cases, life-threatening @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) and @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) occur. The pathophysiological hallmark of @entity7643 and @entity7643 is plasma leakage that leads to enhanced vascular permeability, likely due to a cytokine storm. METHODS:    Ninety @entity1 with @entity779 during 2010-2012 in Singapore were prospectively recruited and stratified according to their disease phase, primary and secondary infection status, and disease severity, measured by plasma leakage. Clinical parameters were recorded throughout the disease progression. The levels of various immune mediators were quantified using comprehensive multiplex microbead-based immunoassays for 46 immune mediators. RESULTS:    Associations between clinical parameters and immune mediators were analyzed using various statistical methods. Potential immune markers, including interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, interferon y-inducible protein 10, @entity11968 , soluble p75 @entity5 @entity39 factor a receptor, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and @entity1476 , were significantly associated with significant plasma leakage. @entity778 were also shown to influence disease outcome in terms of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS:    This study identified several key markers for exacerbated @entity779 pathogenesis, notably plasma leakage. This will allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of @entity7643 and @entity7643 in @entity1 with @entity779 .

title: Severity of Plasma Leakage Is Associated With High Levels of Interferon y-Inducible Protein 10, XXXX , @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ), and MMP-9 During @entity778 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue virus infection', 'Secondary dengue virus infections']

entities_list: @entity11968 :: ('3082', 'Gene') :: ['hepatocyte growth factor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever', 'dengue shock syndrome', 'DHF', 'DSS']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever', 'dengue']

answer: @entity11968 :: (3082,Gene) :: ['Hepatocyte Growth Factor']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND BACKGROUND:    For relapsed or refractory multiple @entity1582 (RRMM), a series of novel agents ( @entity2816 , @entity1749 and @entity6985 ) has emerged during the latest decade, but their use in routine clinical practice is not well documented as well as the cost of RRMM. OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to review the therapeutic management of such @entity1 in France and to estimate the associated costs. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study, based on chart reviews, was conducted in French Haematology Departments over the period 2004-2007 and the associated direct costs estimated. RESULTS: One hundred and two @entity1 with a relapse after first-line therapy were selected from five centres. The average follow-up from diagnosis or the date of first relapse to @entity204 or to the latest news was respectively 56.25 and 23.53 months. Novel agents were used in 73% of all cases, and in all cases of first relapse. @entity2816 and @entity1749 were respectively the most frequently used second-line (57%) and third-line treatments (44%). The average number of lines of treatment received per @entity1 as from first relapse was 2.75 ( @entity1009 ; max 8) and the mean direct cost per month was estimated at 3130     after the first relapse. This cost was represented in greater part by the cost of chemotherapy drugs (66%). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The use of novel agents such as @entity2816 , @entity1749 and @entity6985 for RRMM is highly prevalent in France from the first relapse. The associated medical cost is substantial mainly due to the cost of the new agents.

title: Management of relapsed or refractory multiple XXXX in French hospitals and estimation of associated direct costs: a multi-centre retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: Treatment with glucocorticoids (GC) has no alternative in many medical disciplines for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect. However, @entity170 and the related @entity174 are a serious complication brought about by long-term GC therapy. The risk of @entity174 , especially of the vertebras and the ribs, becomes higher as early as in the first months of oral GC therapy. It grows in proportion to the daily dose of GC, and is present even if low doses are administered (2.5-7.5 mg of @entity229 per day). Decreasing bone density ( @entity1555 ) is not accountable for the higher risk of @entity174 in GC therapy and @entity174 occur with higher values of @entity1555 than in primary @entity170 . There is still no tool that we could use to quantify the changes in the bone quality and the increased risk of @entity174 in clinical practice. The principal mechanism by which GC induces @entity170 is inhibition of bone formation caused by the suppression of osteoblastogenesis as well as the activity of functional osteoblasts, with accelerated osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis. There are significant differences between individuals in terms of GC sensitivity, the reasons of which have not yet been explained. Prior to planned long-term GC therapy (> 3 months) with daily doses higher than 2.5 mg of @entity229 p.o. (or higher doses of inhaled GC), it is recommended to perform a densitometry exam using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the lumbar region of the spine and femoral collum to evaluate additional risk factors of @entity170 and @entity174 for a more precise estimate of the risk of @entity174 in the specific @entity1 . Sufficient intake of @entity460 (1,000-1,500 mg of elementary @entity460 per day) and of the @entity560 (800 IU per day) should be assured in all @entity1 treated by GC. Endogenous production of sexagens should be evaluated and possible substitution therapy should be considered in premenopausal @entity1 and younger @entity1 . Today, @entity171 can be given to @entity1 with a high risk of @entity174 , the effects of which in preventing the decrease of @entity1555 and @entity174 have been documented in randomised clinical studies, even though the evaluation of the risk of @entity174 was not the primary endpoint of those studies. However, in view of the antiremodelling effect of @entity171 , it is clear that this therapy does not eliminate the cause of GC induced @entity170 and drugs with stimulating effect on osteoblasts will certainly be preferred in the future. Very promising are the first clinical studies of injection parathormone (PTH 1-34) which stimulated bone formation in a continuing GC treatment.

title: [Glucocorticoids and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognosis of @entity360 depends on the timely [3] and accurate [8, 18] detection of the source of @entity548 and sequential surgical or endoscopy therapy. Scintigraphy with red blood cells (RBCs) in vivo labelled by means of @entity1136 hastened detection of source of @entity360 and improved management of the particular disease. Gastrointestinal endoscopy is the method of choice for the diagnostics of @entity548 from upper tract and large bowel. For diagnostics of @entity548 from the small bowel we can use scintigraphy with in vivo labelled autological red blood cells if push-enteroscopy, intra-operative enteroscopy or angiography are not available. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 31 @entity1 (13 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 , aged 20-91, mean 56 years) underwent this investigation from 1998 till 2001 at the Department of Nuclear Medicine. All @entity1 had melaena or enterorrhagia associated with acute @entity417 . Gastroscopy, colonoscopy, enteroclysis or X-ray angiography did not detect the source of @entity548 . RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 had positive scintigraphy with in vivo labelled RBCs--9 @entity1 were already positive on dynamic scintigraphy, and 12 @entity1 were positive on static images. Scintigraphy with in vivo labelled RBCs was negative in 10 @entity1 . @entity360 stopped spontaneously in these 10 @entity1 with negative scintigraphy. These @entity1 did not undergo intra- operative enteroscopy or surgery. The final diagnosis of the 21 @entity1 with positive scintigraphy was determined in 16 @entity1 by push-enteroscopy (6 @entity1 ), intra-operative enteroscopy (6 @entity1 ) or by surgery (4 @entity1 ). Of these 16 @entity1 the correct place of @entity548 was determined by scintigraphy with labelled RBCs in 11 (69%) @entity1 . Final diagnoses of our 16 @entity1 with positive scintigraphy with autological labelled RBCs were: @entity548 small bowel @entity2758 (6 @entity1 ), @entity1681 with @entity548 erosions in ileum and jejunum (2 @entity1 ), @entity1884 (1 @entity1 ), @entity9007 with @entity548 vessel communicating to the transverse colon (1 @entity1 ), @entity548 submucose varix in jejunum (1 @entity1 ), @entity18910 (1 @entity1 ), @entity548 from the ileosigmoideoanastomosis six days after hemicolectomy for @entity30 (1 @entity1 ), @entity548 from an @entity1066 close to the papilla of Vater (1 @entity1 ), @entity548 from @entity1066 at jejunum after previous NSAIDs treatment (1 @entity1 ), @entity548 inflammatory polyp at ileotransversoanastomosis (1 @entity1 ). @entity360 stopped spontaneously in 5 @entity1 with positive scintigraphy. Therefore these @entity1 did not undergo intraoperative enteroscopy or surgery and we could not determine the final diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Scintigraphy with RBCs in vivo labelled @entity1136 - 99m hastened detection of the source of @entity360 and improved management of the source of @entity360 and improved management of disease.

title: Detection of acute @entity360 by means of XXXX in vivo labelled red blood cells.

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m', 'technetium']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['Osler-Rendu- Weber disease']

entities_list: @entity18910 :: ('MESH:D007078', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid of the ileum']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['uraemic enteritis']

answer: @entity1136 :: (MESH:D013667,Chemical) :: ['technetium-99m']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 , @entity4841 and @entity625 are among the most common symptoms of the @entity1 attending various OPDs and private clinics every day. While the symptoms could be due to a broad spectrum of the illnesses; the infection with Brucella, often overlooked, is one among such causes. The objective of present study is to determine the extent to which this infection contributes towards the presence of such symptoms, and how important it is to rule out this treatable cause in our society, before labelling and treating these as non-specific aches and @entity158 . METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 280 @entity1 at a registered medical specialist clinic between May 2006 and June 2008. The @entity1 of each gender from age 15 years onwards having the symptoms of chronic @entity158 , @entity615 , and @entity4841 etc. were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were clear cut bone and @entity2720 , connective tissue and @entity74 . The @entity1 were subjected to evaluation by history taking that especially looked into their involvement with @entity291 look-after and also the use of milk and other dairy items. The investigations included agglutination test for Brucella. The positive cases were treated and the results followed for satisfactory or mild responses. RESULTS: Out of 280 cases 55 (19.64%) were suffering from infection with Brucella. The above @entity1 had received non-specific treatment with analgesics or even @entity230 with no benefit. The young females outnumbered males, and rural cases had more incidence than urban; and there was a slight increase in those cases who handled the @entity291 at home as compared to those who did not. CONCLUSION: In absence of a good veterinary care of live stock in societies like that of Pakistan, it becomes important to rule out Brucellosis, before labelling the symptoms of a @entity1 as simple, non specific aches and @entity158 ; and therefore depriving the @entity1 of a treatable disease if he had one.

title: Brucellosis--an under-estimated cause of XXXX _ @entity158 in general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['backache']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint diseases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pains', 'muscular pains', 'Muscular pains']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

answer: @entity4841 :: (MESH:D018771,Disease) :: ['arthralgia']


abstract: Two in vitro methods for measuring @entity1 endometrial prostaglandin production were compared. Endometrial samples from eight @entity1 were incubated over eight hours by a perifusion and a superfusion technique. The collected fractions were assayed by radioimmunoassay for @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha. There was no significant difference between the perifusion and superfusion methods for the pattern and amount of @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha production with time. Significantly higher production levels of @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha were found in secretory phase endometria than in proliferative phase endometria. Histological examination of the tissue specimens by light and electron microscopy showed that both methods caused gross @entity3145 after eight hours experimentation. The superfusion method produced more morphological damage than the perifusion method. However, no @entity3145 could be detected after one hour of incubation with either method. Over an eight hour period neither the perifusion nor the superfusion technique appears to be a good indicator of in vivo endometrial prostaglandin production. Either technique used for only one to two hours may better reflect the in vivo situation.

title: The measurement of XXXX endometrial prostaglandin production. A comparison of two in vitro methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the benefit of cooperation between medical and chiropractic specialists and the usefulness of combining chiropractic and epidural injection in particular cases of @entity615 . CLINICAL FEATURES: Two cases of @entity1643 , both with disk protrusions and osteophytic changes, had no response to several weeks of alternate day (or more) chiropractic care. A third case of herniated intervertebral disks and @entity1643 had no improvement from treatment with epidural steroidal injection. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The two cases of failed response to chiropractic each experienced a dramatic therapeutic leap with a single treatment of manipulation under anesthesia/epidural @entity134 injection (MUA/ESI). Both @entity1 maintained their improved condition on tapering schedules of maintenance chiropractic care. In the third case of failed response to ESI, severe @entity158 precluded initial chiropractic treatment. This was only possible at the first treatment with MUA provided by epidural injection. A single treatment of MUA/ESI brought rapid and profound relief and was followed by continued chiropractic care. The @entity1 remained @entity158 -free except for a brief partial relapse that responded promptly to chiropractic. CONCLUSIONS: Cooperation between medical and chiropractic specialists is to be encouraged. These cases demonstrate cooperation between an anesthesiologist and a chiropractor. By using a single treatment of manipulation under epidural anesthesia/epidural @entity134 followed by continued chiropractic, we were able to lead our @entity1 out of therapeutic dead ends and deal with the dilemma of a @entity1 in too much @entity158 to tolerate an initial chiropractic treatment.

title: Manipulation under anesthesia combined with epidural XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Although in vivo studies have shown that low-magnitude, high-frequency (LMHF) vibration (LM: < 1 *g; HF: 20-90 Hz) exhibits anabolic effects on skeletal homeostasis, the underlying cellular/molecular regulation involved in bone adaptation to LMHF vibration is little known. In this report, we tested the effects of microvibration (magnitude: 0.3 *g, frequency: 40 Hz, amplitude:    50  m, 30 min/12 h) on proliferation and osteodifferentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) seeded on @entity1 bone-derived scaffolds. The scaffolds were prepared by partial demineralisation and deproteinisation. BMSCs were allowed to attach to the scaffolds for 3 days. Morphological study showed that spindle-shaped BMSCs almost completely covered the surface of bone-derived scaffold and these cells expressed higher @entity3064 activity than those cultured on plates. After microvibration treatment, BMSC proliferation was decreased on day 7 and 10; however, numbers of genes and proteins expressed during osteogenesis, including @entity8087 , @entity3064 , collagen I and osteocalcin were greatly increased. @entity1366 activation was involved in microvibration-induced BMSC osteogenesis. Taken together, this study suggests that bone-derived scaffolds have good biocompatibility and show osteoinductive properties. By increasing the osteogenic lineage commitment of BMSCs and enhancing osteogenic gene expressions, microvibration promotes BMSC differentiation and increase bone formation of BMSCs seeded on bone-derived scaffolds. Moreover, @entity1366 pathway plays an important role in microvibration-induced osteogenesis in BMSC cellular scaffolds.

title: Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on bone-derived scaffolds: effect of microvibration and role of XXXX activation.

answer: @entity1366 :: (5595;5594,Gene) :: ['ERK1/2']


abstract: @entity5 is the leading cause of death in Americans younger than 85 years of age and kills one American every 56 seconds. Advances in understanding of @entity5 biology have given us the potential to develop new, effective targeted therapies. However, progress is slowed by suboptimal/outdated clinical trial design paradigms and by regulatory complexity and @entity2003 . For instance, simulations suggest that restricting randomized trials to @entity1 expressing drug target, instead of using unselected @entity1 populations, could substantially reduce @entity1 numbers required to demonstrate efficacy. High response rates that are achievable when @entity1 and drugs are matched on the basis of molecular profiles may also make some randomized trials unnecessary or unjustifiable. Moreover, increasing the regulatory @entity2003 of clinical trials (regulatory fundamentalism) augments trial complexity and costs while slowing progress without demonstrating meaningful safety benefits. Time from drug discovery to marketing increased from 8 years in 1960 to 12 to 15 years currently. @entity137 rates on phase I trials have decreased from 0.8% in 1979 to 0.5% by 2002, but the estimated cost per life-year gained by tighter regulations is  2,700,000 (far higher than costs of other health measures), and simulations suggest that regulatory delays in development of effective therapies result in tens to hundreds of thousands of life-years lost, whereas stringent regulations save extremely few. Dysregulation is also a major disincentive to @entity1 and clinician participation in clinical research. In summary, current approaches squander research resources and discourage research participation, and the marked imbalance between potential life-years lost versus saved renders the regulatory burden potentially unethical. We outline suggested solutions.

title: Equipoise lost: ethics, costs, and the regulation of XXXX clinical research.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxic death']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity5538 DNA methyltransferases (MTases) first recognize specific nucleotide sequences and then transfer a @entity5498 group from @entity7726 to @entity5538 . This division of function is reflected in five highly conserved motifs shared by @entity5538 MTases. The region containing the first four motifs is responsible for the catalytic function whereas the region containing the fifth motif V provides specificity of binding to DNA. In at least one case, two separate proteins, one containing the first four motifs and the second containing the last motif combine to provide full functional activity. In the @entity12716 ) genome we have identified an open reading frame (ORF) whose deduced @entity535 (aa) sequence contains motifs characteristic of prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic MTases. The ORF consists of 642 bp which codes for a protein of 214 aa with a predicted molecular mass of 24.8 kDa. This ORF contains the first four highly conserved motifs of @entity5538 MTases but the fifth motif, responsible for DNA binding specificity, is missing. Presumably, FV3 MTase is composed of two subunits. Northern blot analysis showed that the putative MTase ORF is transcribed into two transcripts belonging to the delayed-early class of FV3 messages. These two transcripts appear to be initiated at two different start sites but terminate in the same 3' region of the gene. The transcription start sites are not preceded by any known promoter sequences, but two regions of hyphenated dyad symmetry are present at the 3' end of the message. A protein with a molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa was synthesized by a @entity95 reticulocyte lysate programmed with capped runoff transcripts from the cloned gene, suggesting that the ORF can be transcribed into a message coding for a viral protein. Overall, our results suggest that we have identified a gene for a subunit of MTase in the FV3 genome.

title: Identification and characterization of the XXXX DNA methyltransferase gene.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytosine', 'cytosine']

answer: @entity12716 :: (10493,Species) :: ['frog virus 3']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity20961 is a novel pharmacologic agent in late-stage clinical testing for @entity458 ( @entity458 ) in premenopausal @entity1 . AIM: The aim of this article is to review the hypothetical mechanism of action of @entity20961 in @entity458 . METHODS: A literature review was conducted of all published works on @entity20961 and on related studies of @entity750 ( @entity750 )(1A) receptors and @entity750 (2A) receptors, including their actions on @entity1154 and on sexual function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures are preclinical pharmacologic actions, especially changes in regional monoamines following treatment with @entity20961 . RESULTS: At clinically relevant doses, @entity20961 acts predominantly at @entity750 (1A) receptors as an agonist and secondarily at @entity750 (2A) receptors as an antagonist. Additional binding actions within an order of magnitude of its @entity750 (1A) affinity, which are not likely to be clinically relevant, include weaker antagonist actions at @entity750 (2C) and @entity750 (2B) receptors, and less defined activity at @entity935 (DA) D4 receptors. The @entity750 (1A) actions of @entity20961 are only seen postsynaptically, which is unlike other agents such as @entity5633 that act at presynaptic @entity750 (1A) receptors. Furthermore, the postsynaptic actions of chronic @entity20961 administration appear to demonstrate a preference for some populations of postsynaptic @entity750 receptors, particularly those that are located on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal neurons, which regulate @entity1154 release in certain selective brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: The regional selectivity of @entity20961 results in a unique pattern of @entity1154 modulation. Sustained increases in baseline of DA and @entity1063 (NE) are observed in the PFC, and @entity20961 dosing increases DA and NE levels above the basal changes. Conversely, @entity20961 induces transient decreases in @entity750 levels in some brain areas such as the PFC, nucleus accumbens, and hypothalamus, but not in other brain areas such as the hippocampus. Therefore, since DA and NE are excitatory and @entity750 is inhibitory to sexual desire and arousal, it is tempting to postulate that the actions of @entity20961 on @entity750 receptors at the PFC pyramidal neurons, resulting in increased DA and NE yet reduced @entity750 in the PFC, are the mechanistic underpinnings of enhancing sexual desire in @entity458 .

title: Multifunctional pharmacology of XXXX : possible mechanism of therapeutic action in @entity458 .

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity20961 :: ('MESH:C098107', 'Chemical') :: ['flibanserin', 'Flibanserin']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['HSDD', 'hypoactive sexual desire disorder']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine', 'monoamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity20961 :: (MESH:C098107,Chemical) :: ['flibanserin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the cost effectiveness of strategies to screen for and treat @entity4310 . DESIGN: Cost effectiveness analysis. A care pathway for each @entity1 was delineated and the associated probabilities, benefits, and costs were calculated. @entity1 : Simulated population aged 16-54 years in England and Wales. INTERVENTIONS: Identification and treatment of @entity1 with @entity4310 by universal screening, opportunistic screening in primary care, screening of @entity1 admitted to hospital with premature @entity583 , or tracing family members of affected @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cost effectiveness calculated as cost per life year gained (extension of life expectancy resulting from intervention) including estimated costs of screening and treatment. RESULTS: Tracing of family members was the most cost effective strategy (3097 pounds sterling ( @entity7634 5066,  4479) per life year gained) as 2.6 individuals need to be screened to identify one case at a cost of 133 pounds sterling per case detected. If the genetic mutation was known within the family then the cost per life year gained (4914 pounds sterling ) was only slightly increased by genetic confirmation of the diagnosis. Universal population screening was least cost effective (13 029 pounds sterling per life year gained) as 1365 individuals need to be screened at a cost of 9754 pounds sterling per case detected. For each strategy it was more cost effective to screen younger @entity1 and @entity1 . Targeted strategies were more expensive per @entity1 screened, but the cost per case detected was lower. Population screening of 16 year olds only was as cost effective as family tracing (2777 pounds sterling with a clinical confirmation). CONCLUSIONS: Screening family members of @entity1 with @entity4310 is the most cost effective option for detecting cases across the whole population.

title: Cost effectiveness analysis of different approaches of screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To quantify the effect of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on prognosis in @entity43 ( @entity43 ) @entity1 through a meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically reviewed published studies comparing @entity5 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity43 @entity1 through April 2015. End-points were recurrence and mortality rates. Study design features that possibly affected @entity1 selection, recurrence/ @entity204 detection, and manuscript publication were assessed. For pooled estimates of the effect of @entity5 on recurrence/ @entity204 , random- or fixed-effects meta-analytical models were used after assessing cross-study heterogeneity. RESULTS: Eighteen observational studies ( @entity5 , 1297 @entity1 ; @entity5 , 1473 @entity1 ) met our search criteria. Fixed-effects model-based meta-analysis indicated a reduced recurrence risk among @entity5 @entity1 (odds ratio [OR]=0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47-0.87, P  <  0.05, I(2)  =  25.6). However, no significant between-group difference in mortality was observed (OR  =  0.98; 95% CI: 0.42-2.29, P  =  0.97, I(2)  =  0). In subgroup analysis by histology, @entity5 was associated with a reduced recurrence risk in 16 studies of all histologic types (OR  =  0.66; 95% CI: 0.48-0.91, P  <  0.05, I(2)  =  31.9) but not in two studies of only mucinous disease (OR  =  0.41; 95% CI: 0.13-1.30, P  =  0.13, I(2)  =  0). In subgroup analyses with four studies with recurrence data according to fertility-sparing surgery, no significant association was found (OR  =  0.51; 95% CI: 0.18-1.43, P  =  0.20, I(2)  =  0). There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis based on observational studies, @entity5 appeared to significantly reduce recurrence among @entity43 @entity1 . No survival impact was observed. Longer-term randomised controlled trials could verify this relationship but appear infeasible for this rare @entity5 .

title: Impact of surgical staging on prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'ISS', 'CSS', 'incomplete surgical staging', 'complete surgical staging']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['borderline ovarian tumour', 'BOT']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['borderline ovarian tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of new drugs for @entity5 immunotherapy have been approved in the past few years. They work by activating T cells to combat @entity5 . METHODS: This review is based on publications on recently approved T-cell-activating drugs that were retrieved by a selective search in PubMed. RESULTS: Randomized, controlled trials of "checkpoint" inhibitors, i.e., inhibitory antibodies for use against @entity5 , have shown that the @entity4386 ( @entity4386 ) inhibitor ipilimumab can prolong the survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity320 by 2 to 4 months. No data on median overall survival are yet available for the two programmed-death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors pembrolizumab und nivolumab; the endpoint " @entity5 response" was achieved in 24% and 32% of @entity1 receiving these drugs, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 adverse effects occurred in 50% of @entity1 receiving ipilimumab and in 12 to 13% of those taking either of the two PD-1-inhibitors. Nivolumab prolonged the median survival of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 from 6 to 9 months. In refractory or recurrent Philadelphia-chromosomenegative pre-B @entity981 (pre-B-ALL), treatment with the bispecific antibody construct blinatumomab led to complete remission in 43% of the @entity1 , while grade 3, 4 or 5 @entity137 occurred in 83%. CONCLUSION: T-cell-directed strategies have been established as a new pillar of treatment in medical oncology. As these drugs have frequent and severe adverse effects, therapeutic decision-making will have to take account not only of the predicted prolongation of survival, but also of the potential for an impaired quality of life while the @entity1 is under treatment.

title: Immunotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4386 :: ('1493', 'Gene') :: ['cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4', 'CTLA-4']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dual-energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry (DXA) is a two-dimensional imaging technology developed to assess @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the entire @entity1 skeleton and also specifically of skeletal sites known to be most vulnerable to @entity174 . In order to simplify interpretation of @entity79 measurement results and allow comparability among different DXA-devices, the T-score concept was introduced. This concept involves an individual's @entity79 which is then compared with the mean value of a young healthy reference population, with the difference expressed as a standard deviation (SD). Since the early nineties of the past century, the diagnostic categories "normal, @entity2331 , and @entity170 ", as recommended by a WHO working Group, are based on this concept. Thus, DXA is still the globally accepted "gold-standard" method for the noninvasive diagnosis of @entity170 . Another score obtained from DXA measurement, termed Z-score, describes the number of SDs by which the @entity79 in an individual differs from the mean value expected for age and sex. Although not intended for diagnosis of @entity170 in adults, it nevertheless provides information about an individual's @entity174 risk compared to peers. DXA measurement can either be used as a "stand-alone" means in the assessment of an individual's @entity174 risk, or incorporated into one of the available @entity174 risk assessment tools such as FRAX   or Garvan, thus improving the predictive power of such tools. The issue which reference databases should be used by DXA-device manufacturers for T-score reference standards has been recently addressed by an expert group, who recommended use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) databases for the hip reference standard but own databases for the lumbar spine. Furthermore, in @entity1 it is recommended use female reference databases for calculation of the T-score and use male reference databases for calculation of Z-score.

title: Use of dual-energy X- XXXX absorptiometry (DXA) for diagnosis and @entity174 risk assessment; WHO-criteria, T- and Z-score, and reference databases.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity16039 :: (255564,Species) :: ['ray']