abstract: BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews of approximately 13 randomized trials support treatment with intravenous @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) in @entity1 with severe @entity697 ; however, little is known about its actual clinical use. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the use of intravenous @entity2400 in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and physician attitudes toward its use. METHODS: Data for @entity2400 use were obtained from observational cohort studies of @entity341 @entity1 with @entity697 . Investigators were asked about @entity2400 through a brief Internet-based survey. The main outcomes were the percentage of sites reporting @entity2400 use and @entity1 factors that potentially modified the use of this agent. RESULTS: Among 9745 @entity341 @entity1 with @entity697 , 240 (2.5%) received @entity2400 . Increasing age, previous intubation, higher initial respiratory rate, lower initial PEF, higher number of beta-agonists in the @entity341 , and use of systemic @entity288 were associated with @entity2400 use (P < .01). Overall, 103 (87%) of 119 potential sites completed the survey. Most (92%) respondents stated their EDs had MgSO(4) available, and 64% had recently used it. More respondents listed severity (96%) and failure to respond to initial beta-agonists (87%) as factors prompting their use of @entity2400 . Other factors, such as age, sex, and duration of exacerbation, less commonly influenced @entity2400 use. CONCLUSION: Most @entity341 physicians accept the efficacy of @entity2400 in @entity697 . Despite this belief and the ready availability of @entity2400 , its @entity341 use remains uncommon (2.5% of cases). In both practice and theory, emergency physicians appear to appropriately restrict its use to @entity1 with severe @entity697 .

title: The use of @entity2399 in XXXX : rapid uptake of evidence in North American emergency departments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute asthma']


abstract: Gene transfer of the herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase (HSV-tk) gene sensitizes @entity5 cells to the toxic effect of @entity4540 (GCV). The toxic effect of GCV extends to nontransduced surrounding cells by a metabolic process known as the bystander effect. A distant bystander effect, which involves anatomically separated @entity5 , has been reported in vivo. Our aim was to evaluate and characterize such distant effect in a @entity35 model of @entity14 implanted in the liver using adenovirus to carry the HSV-tk gene. Two @entity14 were implanted in two distinct liver lobes of the liver. One of the @entity5 was transduced with an adenoviral vector containing HSV-tk gene. The volumes of the @entity5 were monitored after GCV treatment. Implication of the immune system was studied histologically and after in vivo manipulations. After GCV administration, the nontransduced distant @entity5 regressed partially or completely in the experimental group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of CD8+ lymphocytes in the distant lesion. HSV-tk/GCV-induced immune response against @entity5 was evidenced by an adoptive transfer assay (Winn assay) and the distant bystander effect was blunted after CD8+ lymphocytes depletion. However, the survival rates for treated animals were not improved. These findings demonstrate that an immune-mediated effective distant bystander effect can be obtained after limited adenoviral-mediated transfer of the HSV-tk gene.

title: Immune-dependent distant bystander effect after adenovirus-mediated suicide gene transfer in a XXXX model of liver colorectal metastasis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: It is known that dopaminergic neurotransmission is involved in the control of PRL, TSH and GH secretion. @entity9229 ( @entity14137 ) is a new ergolinic derivative with a long-acting dopaminergic activity. We evaluated 11 @entity1 with pathological @entity4089 before and during sub-acute @entity14137 treatment (0.8-1.2 mg/p.o.; 8 weeks). Simultaneous administration of @entity1218 (200 micrograms i.v.) and @entity7704 1-44 (50 micrograms i.v.) were carried out before and after 4, 8 and 10 week intervals from the beginning of @entity14137 treatment. Basal PRL levels (2453.5 +/- S.E. 444.5 mU/l) were significantly reduced during @entity14137 administration (week 4: 164.5 +/- 66.5 mU/l; week 8: 168.0 +/- 66.5 mU/l; P less than 0.01) and no variations were observed 2 weeks after drug discontinuation (week 10: 210.0 +/- 98.0 mU/l). PRL percentage change after @entity1218 was increased by @entity14137 (P less than 0.05). No variation in basal and @entity1218 -stimulated TSH levels was found during @entity14137 administration. A slight increase in GH basal levels (3.0 +/- 0.6 mU/l) was found after weeks 4 (6.4 +/- 2.0 mU/l) and 10 (5.8 +/- 1.6 mU/l) (P less than 0.05). GH response to @entity7704 was significantly enhanced (ANOVA: P less than 0.01) during sub-acute @entity14137 treatment. A positive correlation was found between GH secretory area and weeks of @entity14137 therapy (P less than 0.01). Our data show that @entity14137 is very effective in lowering PRL secretion in @entity4089 , and is able to modify PRL and GH responses after @entity1218 and @entity7704 . The increasing trend in GH basal and @entity7704 -stimulated GH levels seems to indicate that @entity14137 can override the central dopaminergic tone which is operative in @entity4089 .

title: Effect of subacute @entity9229 treatment on prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone response to simultaneous administration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and growth hormone-releasing hormone in hyperprolactinaemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['Cabergoline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Here, I review research that has investigated the aetiology of @entity130 experienced by adolescent and adult fast bowlers. Mechanical factors play an important role in the aetiology of degenerative processes and @entity130 to the lumbar spine. This is particularly so in fast bowling, where a player must absorb vertical and horizontal components of the ground reaction force that are approximately five and two times body weight at front-foot and rear-foot impact, respectively. Attenuated forces are transmitted to the spine through the lower limb, while additional forces at the lumbo-sacral junction are caused by trunk @entity3579 , lateral flexion and twisting during the delivery stride. Fast bowlers are classified as side-on, front-on or mixed. The mixed action is categorized by the lower body configuration of the front-on action and the upper body configuration of the side-on technique. This upper body configuration is produced by counter-rotation away from the batsman in the transverse plane about the longitudinal axis of the body of a line through the two shoulders. Counter-rotations of 12-40 degrees during a delivery stride have predicted an increased incidence of lumbar spondylolysis, disc abnormality and @entity121 in fast bowlers. During the delivery stride, the mixed bowling action also shows: more lateral flexion and @entity3579 of the lumbar spine at front-foot impact, and a greater range of motion of the trunk over the delivery stride when compared with the side-on and front-on techniques. The pars interarticularis of each vertebra is vulnerable to @entity130 , rotation and @entity3579 are present in the activity. Fast bowlers should reduce shoulder counter-rotation during the delivery stride to reduce the incidence of @entity13400 . When a player is required to bowl for extended periods irrespective of technique, overuse is also related to an increased incidence of @entity13400 and must be avoided.

title: Back XXXX and the fast bowler in cricket.

entities_list: @entity13400 :: ('MESH:D019567', 'Disease') :: ['back injuries']

entities_list: @entity3579 :: ('MESH:C536192', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextension']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injury if repetitive flexion']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with moderate @entity131 ( @entity131 ) (Glasgow @entity772 Scale, GCS, 9-13) or minor @entity131 (GCS 14-15) are at risk for subsequent @entity16 . Serum protein @entity4483 is believed to reflect @entity75 following @entity131 . In @entity1 with normal or minor CT scan abnormalities on admission, we tested whether the determination of serum protein @entity4483 could predict secondary @entity16 . METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with moderate or minor @entity131 were prospectively studied. Serum samples were collected on admission within 12 hours postinjury to measure serum protein @entity4483 levels. Neurological outcome was assessed up to seven days after @entity130 . @entity16 was defined as two points or more decrease from the initial GCS, or any treatment for @entity16 . RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had a secondary @entity16 after @entity130 . No differences in serum levels of protein @entity4483 were found between these @entity1 and those without @entity16 (n=58 @entity1 ): 0.93 microg/l (0.14-4.85) vs 0.39 microg/l (0.04-6.40), respectively. The proportion of @entity1 with abnormal levels of serum protein @entity4483 at admission according to two admitted cut-off levels (>0.1 and >0.5 microg/l) was comparable between the two groups of patients. Elevated serum levels of protein @entity4483 were found in @entity1 with Injury Severity Score (ISS) of more than 16 (n=23 @entity1 ): 1.26 microg/l (0.14-6.40) vs 0.22 microg/l (0.04-6.20) in @entity1 with ISS less than 16 (n=44 @entity1 ). DISCUSSION: The dosage of serum protein @entity4483 on admission failed to predict @entity1 at risk for @entity16 after minor or moderate @entity131 . @entity130 can increase serum protein @entity4483 levels, then limiting the usefulness of this dosage in this clinical setting.

title: [Can serum protein @entity4483 predict XXXX after moderate or minor @entity131 ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological aggravation', 'neurological deterioration', 'Secondary neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Extracranial injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological deterioration']


abstract: The mechanism by which @entity25308 ( @entity25308 ) is not responsible for @entity9610 production in @entity35 peritoneal mast cells upon antigen stimulation [Ishimoto et al. (1996) J. Biochem. 120, 616-623] was investigated in the mast cells stimulated by cross-linking of the IgE receptor or with @entity2426 . Stimulation with @entity2426 , but not with antigen, resulted in apparent lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) formation. Antigen stimulation significantly increased the activities of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and @entity25308 . These activities were further potentiated by @entity4621 . The antigen elicited a rapid and transient increase in intracellular @entity141 concentration, while @entity2426 produced a slow and sustained increase. Furthermore, a combination of antigen and @entity2426 rapidly increased and prolonged the intracellular @entity141 concentration. Under these conditions, lysoPC was apparently generated, whereas it was not in response to antigen alone. These results suggest that a prolonged increase in the intracellular @entity141 concentration is required for @entity25308 to associate with membranes, thus leading to hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by the enzyme.

title: Requirement of calcium influx for hydrolytic action of membrane phospholipids by XXXX rather than mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in Fc epsilon RI-stimulated @entity35 peritoneal mast cells.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity25308 :: ('24653(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['cytosolic phospholipase A2', 'cPLA2']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

answer: @entity25308 :: (24653(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cytosolic phospholipase A2']


abstract: @entity5347 ( @entity5348 )-lectin ( @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGA), peanut agglutinin (PNA)) drug conjugates for treatment of the pre-cancerous conditions @entity31 and @entity355 are being developed. Cell-surface glycoproteins that are altered in disease and development bind lectins. PNA binds @entity55418 and the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, a disease- and development-associated glycoprotein. PNA incorporation in conjugates may allow for preferential delivery to diseased over healthy tissues. Conjugates were prepared by attaching lectins to @entity5348 copolymers via an @entity6346 linkage. Frontal affinity chromatography was used to measure dissociation constants (K(d)) of free and conjugated lectins. Animal models of @entity1960 (DSS, TNBS/ @entity167 ) were developed. @entity1 biopsy specimens were obtained. Free and @entity5348 copolymer-conjugated @entity2823 -labeled lectin and anti-TF antigen antibody binding patterns were examined in normal neonatal, adult and diseased rodent tissues and normal and diseased @entity1 tissues. K(d) values of free and conjugated lectins were similar ( approximately 10(-5) M(-1)). Free and conjugated lectins had comparable binding patterns. In health, strong WGA binding was seen in goblet cells; PNA binding was minimal, occurring only in the supranuclear goblet cell region. In disease, WGA binding was not altered, but PNA binding was increased in both @entity1 and rodent tissues; entire goblets bound the lectin. Anti-TF antigen antibody binding was minimal, but did overlap with PNA binding patterns both in normal and diseased tissues. Conjugation of lectins to @entity5348 copolymers does not affect binding affinity. Alterations in glycoprotein structures in development and disease resulted in modified lectin binding patterns. In development and disease, the PNA binding seen was to the TF antigen and other @entity1132 -containing glycoproteins. The results suggest that site-specific delivery of therapeutic agents such as @entity205 (CsA) for @entity31 and mesochlorin e(6) for @entity355 may be achieved. P( @entity5348 )-lectin-CsA conjugates have been prepared and preliminary in vivo studies are underway.

title: Potential of lectin- XXXX copolymer-drug conjugates for the treatment of pre-cancerous conditions.

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5347 :: ('MESH:C032976', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity55418 :: ('CHEBI:36219', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-lactose']

answer: @entity5347 :: (MESH:C032976,Chemical) :: ['N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether, following predictive genetic testing for @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), @entity1 or adults receiving positive results experience clinically significant levels of @entity148 or @entity308 , and whether @entity1 receiving positive results experience higher levels of @entity148 or @entity308 than adults receiving positive results. DESIGN: Two studies, one cross sectional and one prospective. SAMPLE: 208 unaffected subjects (148 adults and 60 @entity1 ) at risk for @entity1412 who have undergone genetic testing since 1990. MAIN MEASURES:                 <AbstractText Label="DEPENDENT VARIABLES" NlmCategory="METHODS"> @entity148 , @entity308 ; independent variables: test results, demographic measures, psychological resources (optimism, self-esteem). RESULTS: Study 1. In @entity1 receiving positive results, mean scores for @entity148 and @entity308 were within the normal range. There was a trend for @entity1 receiving positive results to be more anxious and @entity308 than those receiving negative results. In adults, mean scores for @entity148 were within the normal range for those receiving negative results, but were in the clinical range for those receiving positive results, with 43% (95% CI 23-65) of the latter having scores in this range. Regardless of test result, adults were more likely to be clinically anxious if they were low in optimism or self-esteem. @entity1 receiving positive or negative results did not experience greater @entity148 or @entity308 than adults. Study 2. For @entity1 receiving a positive test result, mean scores for @entity148 , @entity308 , and self-esteem were unchanged over the year following the result, while mean @entity148 scores decreased and self-esteem increased after receipt of a negative test result over the same period of time. CONCLUSION: @entity1 , as a group, did not show clinically significant distress over the first year following predictive genetic testing. Adults were more likely to be clinically anxious if they received a positive result or were low in optimism or self-esteem, with interacting effects. The association between @entity148 , self-esteem, and optimism suggests that counselling should be targeted, not only at those with positive test results, but also at those low in psychological resources.

title: Predictive genetic testing in XXXX and adults: a study of emotional impact.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The Gynecologic Oncology Group has conducted a series of phase II studies with @entity1260 and mesna since 1985. Previously untreated @entity1 received @entity1260 1.5 g/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days. Mesna was given intravenously every 4 hours three times daily at 20% of the daily @entity1260 dose. Because of the toxic effects observed in previously treated @entity1 with @entity43 , the @entity1260 dose was reduced to 1.2 g/m2/d in @entity1 with prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In @entity43 , responses were observed in eight (20%) of 41 evaluable @entity1 , with three (7%) complete responses. In @entity1 with @entity957 of the cervix, an 11.1% response rate (three of 27 @entity1 ) was observed in those who had received prior @entity902 therapy. In 51 previously untreated @entity1 , the response rate was 15.7%. In @entity2622 , there were three partial responses among 25 @entity1 (12%). An 8.6% response rate was observed among 23 @entity1 with previously treated @entity1204 . In uterine @entity242 , response rates were 30.7% in mixed @entity5 , 17.2% in @entity1822 , and 27.3% in @entity6019 . @entity1 with @entity43 responded in 27.8% of cases. Studies with @entity1260 combinations are currently under way by the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

title: Gynecologic Oncology Group studies with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian sarcomas', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['m  llerian tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['nonsquamous cervical carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To 'revisit' the Johannesburg @entity6 clinic to ascertain whether the established risk factors for CAD were being identified and appropriately managed. DESIGN: Body mass indices (BMI), fasting lipograms and glycated haemoglobin (HBA) estimations were done on a random sample of white @entity2175 @entity1 aged over 35 years. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 (39 males, 43 females) were tested. The mean age was 60 years (range 36-80 years) and the mean duration of @entity2175 6.2 years (range 1-25 years). The mean HBA value was 10% (normal 4-8%). @entity28 was present in 82%; it was moderate (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) in 46% and severe (BMI > 30 kg/m2) in 36%. Hypercholesterolaemia was present in 46%, hypertriglyceridaemia in 68%, and both in 34%. Uncontrolled @entity101 was present in 20% of @entity1 , and 27% smoked. CONCLUSIONS: Management of @entity1 at our clinic remains confined to the control of hyperglycaemia. Despite increased awareness of the risk factors for CAD, these factors have largely been ignored.

title: Comprehensive management of @entity2175 . A XXXX clinic revisited.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of @entity5151 in @entity2184 , to identify clinical factors associated with @entity5151 , and to analyze the metastatic pattern and the association with survival. METHODS: All iris, ciliary body, and @entity320 (N = 2758) examined between 1942 and 2001 at the Eye Pathology Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, were reviewed. Cases with @entity5151 were identified and subdivided into prelaminar or laminar invasion and postlaminar invasion. Clinical characteristics were compared with those from 85 cases randomly drawn from all ciliary body and @entity320 without @entity5151 from the same period. Survival data were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Mantel- @entity797 log-rank test was used to test differences in survival among the three @entity1 groups. RESULTS: Optic nerve invasion was found in 157 uveal @entity320 (5.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8%-6.6%). Frequency varied during the observation period between 5% and 7%. Only @entity320 were found to invade the optic nerve. Eighty-five (54%) were confined to the prelaminar or laminar part, and 72 (46%) were confined to the postlaminar part. @entity2790 (IOP) and juxtapapillary location were associated with prelaminar or laminar invasion and postlaminar invasion. Age older than 70 years, @entity227 to light perception or worse, nonvisible fundus, and large (>15 mm) @entity5 size were associated with postlaminar spread. In univariate analysis, @entity1 with postlaminar invasion had significantly higher all-cause and @entity320 -related mortality than the other @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Optic nerve invasion in @entity2184 is found in 1 in 20 @entity1 . Visible @entity320 or loss of light perception should make the clinician suspicious of @entity320 with @entity5151 , and special awareness of postlaminar spread should be addressed when increased IOP is present independently of decreased visual acuity and @entity5 location.

title: Optic nerve invasion of XXXX : clinical characteristics and metastatic pattern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['reduced vision']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity5151 :: ('MESH:D019574', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve invasion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'choroidal and ciliary body melanomas', 'juxtapapillary melanoma', 'melanomas', 'choroidal melanomas']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to migrate to various tissues. There is little information on the fate and potential therapeutic efficacy of the reinfusion of MSCs following @entity348 ( @entity348 ). We addressed this question using @entity1 @entity16591 (hMSCs) infused to nonobese @entity6 / severe combined @entity465 ( @entity9719 / @entity915 ) @entity19 submitted to @entity348 . Further, we tested the impact of @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ) superimposed to @entity348 , as a model of accidental irradiation. @entity9719 / @entity915 @entity19 were transplanted with hM-SCs. Group 1 was not irradiated before receiving @entity16591 infusion. Group 2 received only @entity348 at a dose of 3.5 Gy, group 3 received local irradiation to the abdomen at a dose of 4.5 Gy in addition to @entity348 , and group 4 received local irradiation to the leg at 26.5 Gy in addition to @entity348 . Fifteen days after irradiation, quantitative and spatial distribution of the hMSCs were studied. Histological analysis of @entity19 tissues confirmed the presence of radio-induced lesions in the irradiated fields. Following their infusion into nonirradiated animals, hMSCs homed at a very low level to various tissues (lung, bone marrow, and muscles) and no significant engraftment was found in other organs. @entity348 induced an increase of engraftment levels of hMSCs in the brain, heart, bone marrow, and muscles. Abdominal irradiation (AI) as compared with leg irradiation (LI) increased @entity16591 engraftment in the exposed area (the gut, liver, and spleen). Hind LI as compared with AI increased @entity16591 engraftment in the exposed area (skin, quadriceps, and muscles). An increase of @entity16591 engraftment in organs outside the fields of the @entity2631 was also observed. Conversely, following LI, @entity16591 engraftment was increased in the brain as compared with AI. This study shows that engraftment of hMSCs in @entity9719 / @entity915 @entity19 with significantly increased in response to tissue injuries following @entity348 with or without @entity2631 . @entity2631 induced an increase of the level of engraftment at sites outside the local irradiation field, thus suggesting a distant (abscopal) effect of radiation damage. This work supports the use of MSCs to repair damaged normal tissues following accidental irradiation and possibly in @entity1 submitted to radiotherapy.

title: Local irradiation not only induces homing of XXXX mesenchymal stem cells at exposed sites but promotes their widespread engraftment to multiple organs: a study of their quantitative distribution after irradiation damage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['additional local irradiation', 'ALI']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We sought to determine if necrosectomy can be omitted for complicated @entity656 ( @entity656 ). Since 1996, we prospectively performed retroperitoneal drainage by introducing a sump drain to the pancreatic head area via a small left flank incision without debridement and irrigation on 19 consecutive complicated @entity656 @entity1 . We purposely delayed surgery until liquefaction of retroperitoneal tissue reached the left flank. Our @entity1 had a mean Ranson's and APACHE II score of 5.9 (range, 4-8) and 20.1(range, 4-45), respectively. Sixteen available CT showed retroperitoneal liquefaction after 21.3 days (range, 14-26). Operations were delayed for 4.7 weeks (range, 1.3-9.0). No @entity1 succumbed during this period. The indications were infected @entity39 in 16 and severe @entity490 /food intolerance in 3 @entity1 . Average skin incision was 4.0 cm (range, 3-9). Fungi or bacteria were cultured in 15 @entity1 (80.0%). The recovery courses were surprisingly uneventful. Oral intake began within 2.4 days (range, 1-5) and mean hospital stay (16 survivals) was 23.2 days (range, 4-120) after operation. Drains were completely removed 120.6 days (range, 60-250) later from these outpatients. One @entity356 and one minor duodenal leak were the only procedure-related complications (10.5%). Three @entity1 died (15.8%), although one had a healed @entity656 . In conclusion, this delay-until-liquefaction strategy without necrosectomy is an easy and effective treatment method.

title: No debridement is necessary for symptomatic or infected XXXX : delayed, mini-retroperitoneal drainage for @entity656 without debridement and irrigation.

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['ANP', 'acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric perforation']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity2023 in a random group of schoolchildren aged 13 to 14 years in Brasilia, Brazil, to evaluate tendencies over 6 years and to compare prevalence rates among different socioeconomic groups. METHODS: Two cross-sectional studies were undertaken 6 years apart, using the ISAAC (phases I and III) written questionnaire. Thirty-nine schools were chosen at random from eight administrative regions in Brasilia, and were classified into three groups according to the socioeconomic conditions of the population. RESULTS: A total of 3,009 questionnaires were collected. Of these 53.5% related to female @entity1 and 80% to students from public schools. Prevalence rates for diagnosed @entity2490 , @entity2490 and @entity2023 were 20, 29.3 and 12.2%, respectively. @entity2490 was more prevalent in private schools than in public ones (17.8 versus 14.1%) and sufferers were predominantly female. Prevalence rates were also higher among populations with higher socioeconomic status (23.5 versus 12.2%). Comparison with the 1996 data revealed significant increases in the prevalence of diagnosed @entity2490 (12.7 versus 20%, p = 0.001). These increases were observed at all socioeconomic levels. CONCLUSIONS: A large number of 13 and 14-year-old @entity1 resident in the Distrito Federal exhibit symptoms indicative of @entity2490 and the majority of them have @entity2023 . Over a six-year period the prevalence of @entity2023 increased significantly, predominantly affecting females and with greater prevalence among students at private school and from families with higher socioeconomic status.

title: Prevalence of XXXX among adolescents from Distrito Federal, Brazil: comparison between ISAAC phases I and III.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['recent rhinitis', 'rhinitis', 'Rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: In 1988, antibodies to arthropod ( @entity3966 , Dermacentor variabilis, and @entity4224 ) @entity3359 and to @entity2069 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 53 high-risk outdoor workers from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. @entity3001 seropositives had significantly higher anti-I. dammini antibody levels than seronegative controls (p = 0.006). Anti-B. burgdorferi antibody (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and anti-I. dammini antibody titers were highly correlated in these workers (r = 0.49, p = 0.0002). Quantitative self-reported tick exposure (tick bites in the past year) and anti-I. dammini antibody titers were significantly correlated (r = 0.27, p = 0.05), and @entity1 without tick exposure had lower anti-I. dammini antibody levels (p = 0.009) than @entity1 with known exposure. A second serum sample obtained 3 months after the first after a period of decreased tick exposure (the winter) revealed that the anti-I. dammini antibody levels had significantly declined (p = 0.0004). Additional experiments revealed that the antibody was not completely specific for @entity3966 but was relatively specific for the two tick species examined compared with A. aegypti. The data hold promise that this antibody may be a useful tool in @entity3001 research as a biologic marker of tick exposure.

title: Anti-tick antibodies: an epidemiologic tool in XXXX research.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity3359 :: ('MESH:D012466', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland proteins']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['I. dammini', 'Ixodes dammini']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme disease']


abstract: The effect of @entity1188 maturation on the temporal sequence of contraction within @entity1188 zones has not previously been described. Accordingly, the time-varying pattern of contraction within @entity63 / @entity1188 zones was studied with use of cross-sectional echocardiography in 17 @entity235 at 10 min to 6 weeks after acute experimental @entity583 . @entity1002 images were digitized from end-diastole to end-systole and endocardial fractional radial change along 36 evenly spaced rays was calculated. The circumferential extent of @entity910 and the number of rays that exhibited maximal @entity910 were determined for each decile of the normalized contraction sequence. Between 10 min and 1 week after @entity1188 , the greatest circumferential extent of @entity910 occurred between the 3rd and 4th deciles of the normalized contraction sequence. However, as the @entity1188 matured, the greatest spatial expanse of @entity910 was noted to occur progressively earlier in the contraction sequence (second decile at 6 weeks), and the extent of mid- to late-systolic @entity910 decreased markedly. Whereas end-systolic @entity910 was present in 30% to 50% of @entity63 / @entity1188 zone rays from 10 min to 48 h, end-systolic @entity910 was no longer observed at 6 weeks. Similarly, the maximal amplitude of @entity910 was most commonly observed during midsystole from 10 min to 48 h, but occurred progressively earlier as the @entity1188 matured, falling during the first decile at 6 weeks after @entity1188 . These data suggest that maximal circumferential extent and amplitude of @entity910 occur progressively earlier in the systolic contraction sequence as the @entity1188 matures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evolution of the temporal contraction sequence after acute experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular short-axis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether surgery followed by radiotherapy in high-risk @entity1 of early stage @entity1204 can be replaced by formal surgical staging. Cancer-related survival and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were the endpoints of the analysis. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred and eighteen @entity1 with endometrioid @entity1204 between 1996-2003 were reviewed. @entity1 with incomplete follow-up and extrauterine spread excluded, leaving 78 @entity1 in the final analysis. Low-risk @entity1 (n=37) (Grade 1, myometrial infiltration <1/2 or Grade 2, <1/3), treated by standard surgical procedure including total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and peritoneal washing, while staging lymphadenectomy (n=24) or postoperative irradiation (n=17) was added in the high-risk group (Grade 1, >1/2 or Grade 2, >1/3 or Grade 3). RESULTS: The median age of @entity1 was 65 years (range, 35-80 years) and the median follow-up 38 months (range, 9-98 months). The recurrence rate in low-risk @entity1 was 2.7%, the @entity5 -related survival 97.5% and @entity1349 97%, while in the high-risk @entity1 12%, 93% and 88%, respectively. Comparing the therapeutic modalities (staging lymphadenectomy vs. postoperative irradiation) in the high-risk group the @entity5 -related survival and @entity1349 was not differed (P=0.70, P=0.90, respectively). The high grade of the @entity5 was significantly correlated with @entity1349 , while age, stage and myometrial infiltration were not. No moderate or severe complications developed after lymphadenectomy, while two moderate @entity344 occurred after adjuvant radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: According our results the low-risk @entity1 of early stage @entity1204 had excellent survival with minimal intervention. The @entity5 -related survival and @entity1349 in high-risk @entity1 concerning the therapeutic modalities were comparable. Poor @entity5 differentiation was the most unfavorable prognostic factor related with @entity1349 . Moderate complications developed only after postoperative radiotherapy.

title: Pelvic lymphadenectomy as alternative to postoperative radiotherapy in high risk early stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the histopathological causes for failure of intrascleral prosthesis placement in @entity235 and @entity468 . PROCEDURES: The Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin database was searched to find @entity235 and feline evisceration samples that were diagnosed with @entity5 . A second population included @entity235 and feline scleral shells that were removed after an evisceration surgery had been performed. The causes for removal were divided into: @entity5 , @entity2687 , and other causes. RESULTS: In @entity235 , 163 of 1985 evisceration samples (8.21%) contained a @entity5 , whereas 17 of 88 (19.31%) evisceration samples in @entity468 contained a @entity5 . In @entity235 , severe @entity2687 was diagnosed in 38 of 80 scleral shells (46.25%) and @entity5 was diagnosed in 31 of 80 scleral shells (38.75%). @entity320 was the most frequently diagnosed @entity5 , in 14 of 31 scleral shells. In @entity468 , eight of 12 scleral shells contained a @entity5 (66.7%), with feline @entity320 being diagnosed most commonly (six of eight shells). Two of 12 feline scleral shells had severe @entity2687 (16.7%). @entity2543 , lining the inner aspect of the fibrous tunic, was seen in 14 of 38 @entity235 scleral shells and in two of two feline scleral shells with severe @entity2687 . CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity2687 and @entity5 are the most common causes for intrascleral prosthesis failure in @entity235 , whereas @entity5 is the single most common cause for intrascleral prosthesis failure in @entity468 .

title: Histopathological study of the causes for failure of intrascleral prostheses in @entity235 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial downgrowth']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal disease', 'corneal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma', 'diffuse iris melanoma']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Several lines of evidence have shown that stimulation or inactivation of lateral hypothalamus (LH) produces antinociception. In this study, we assessed the role of nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) in antinociceptive response induced by LH stimulation or inactivation in the @entity35 . The cholinergic agonist @entity5402 (125 nmol/0.5 microl saline) or @entity3303 (2%; 0.5 microl) was unilaterally microinjected into the LH with the LC inactivation concurrently. Antinociceptive responses were obtained by tail-flick test and represented as @entity24882 ( @entity24882 ) at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60 min after drug administration. The results showed that microinjection of @entity5402 into the LH significantly induced antinociception at 5 and 10 min (p<0.001). This effect was significantly blocked by microinjection of @entity3303 into the LC. On the other hand, microinjection of @entity3303 into LH-induced antinociception at 5 (p<0.01) and 10 (p<0.05) min after administration. However, inactivation of the LC following the LH inactivation increased @entity24882 at 5 min after injection. These findings support the conclusion that antinociception produced by LH stimulation or inactivation involves two separate mechanisms. It seems that analgesic response induced by LH stimulation is mediated in part by the subsequent activation of spinally projecting noradrenergic neurons in the LC cell group.

title: Effect of XXXX administration at the nucleus locus coeruleus level on lateral hypothalamus-induced antinociception in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity24882 :: ('MESH:D065606', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'maximal possible effect']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal function declines progressively in @entity1 who have @entity2316 , and the decline may be slowed by antihypertensive drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity3371 has kidney-protecting properties independent of its effect on blood pressure in @entity2316 . METHODS: We performed a randomized, controlled trial comparing @entity3371 with placebo in @entity1 with @entity1723 in whom urinary protein excretion was > or = 500 mg per day and the serum @entity1011 concentration was < or = 2.5 mg per deciliter (221 mumol per liter). Blood-pressure goals were defined to achieve control during a median follow-up of three years. The primary end point was a doubling of the base-line serum @entity1011 concentration. RESULTS: Two hundred seven @entity1 received @entity3371 , and 202 placebo. Serum @entity1011 concentrations doubled in 25 @entity1 in the @entity3371 group, as compared with 43 @entity1 in the placebo group (P = 0.007). The associated reductions in risk of a doubling of the serum @entity1011 concentration were 48 percent in the @entity3371 group as a whole, 76 percent in the subgroup with a baseline serum @entity1011 concentration of 2.0 mg per deciliter (177 mumol per liter), 55 percent in the subgroup with a concentration of 1.5 mg per deciliter (133 mumol per liter), and 17 percent in the subgroup with a concentration of 1.0 mg per deciliter (88.4 mumol per liter). The mean (+/- SD) rate of decline in @entity1011 clearance was 11 +/- 21 percent per year in the @entity3371 group and 17 +/- 20 percent per year in the placebo group (P = 0.03). Among the @entity1 whose base-line serum @entity1011 concentration was > or = 1.5 mg per deciliter, @entity1011 clearance declined at a rate of 23 +/- 25 percent per year in the @entity3371 group and at a rate of 37 +/- 25 percent per year in the placebo group (P = 0.01). @entity3371 treatment was associated with a 50 percent reduction in the risk of the combined end points of @entity204 , dialysis, and transplantation that was independent of the small disparity in blood pressure between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3371 protects against @entity177 in insulin-dependent @entity2316 and is significantly more effective than blood-pressure control alone.

title: The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on XXXX . The Collaborative Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration in renal function']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: Conventional karyotypes performed before any treatment in 208 @entity1 with @entity1582 were reviewed by the Groupe Fran  ais de Cytog  n  tique H  matologique. A total of 138 @entity1 displayed @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ). According to the chromosome number pattern, a first group of 75 @entity1 had a @entity981 karyotype. A second group of 63 @entity1 referred to as the hypodiploid group had either pseudodiploid, hypodiploid, or near-tetraploid karyotypes. Of 159 treated @entity1 available for survival analysis, 116 had an abnormal karyotype. The comparison of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between @entity981 and hypodiploid @entity1 showed a highly significant difference (median @entity1349 33.8 vs 12.6 months, respectively, P <.001). The presence of 14q32 rearrangements (36 of 116 @entity1 ) worsened the prognosis (median @entity1349 17.6 vs 29.9 months, P <.02). The presence of chromosome 13q abnormalities (13qA, 63 @entity1 ) did not modify @entity1349 in @entity4435 @entity1 (median @entity1349 20.6 vs 27.8 months, P <.59). However, taking into account the whole series including normal karyotypes, 13qA (63 of 159 @entity1 ) had a significant impact on @entity1349 (median 20.6 vs 37.1 months, P <.04). In the same way, the presence of a hypodiploid karyotype (52 of 159 @entity1 ) had a strong prognostic value ( @entity1349 12.8 vs 44.5 months, P <.000 01). A multivariate analysis including stage, @entity2262 , bone @entity236 , treatment type, 13qA, and hyperdiploidy and hypodiploidy showed that a hypodiploid karyotype was the first independent factor for @entity1349 (P <.001), followed by treatment approach. These results confirm that the chromosome number pattern of malignant plasma cells is a very powerful prognostic factor in newly diagnosed @entity1582 @entity1 .

title: Hypodiploidy is a major prognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow plasmocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['complex chromosomal abnormalities', 'CCAs']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of @entity1 in Maine with @entity13549 and @entity2649 treated surgically and nonsurgically. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In 1987, the Quebec Task Force on Spinal Disorders proposed a diagnostic classification to help make clinical decisions, evaluate quality of care, assess prognosis, and conduct research. OBJECTIVES: To assess the Quebec Task Force classification's ability to stratify @entity1 according to severity and treatment at baseline, and to assess changes over time in health-related quality of life, including symptoms, functional status, and disability. METHODS: Five hundred sixteen @entity1 participating in the Maine Lumbar Spine Study who completed baseline and 1-year follow-up evaluations were classified successfully according to the Quebec Task Force classification. @entity1 characteristics and treatments were compared across Quebec Task Force classification categories. Changes in health-related quality of life over 1 year were assessed according to Quebec Task Force classification category and type of treatment. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with @entity13549 (n = 370), higher Quebec Task Force classification categories (from 2, @entity158 radiating to the proximal extremity, to 6, @entity13549 with evidence of @entity614 ) were associated with increased severity of symptoms at baseline. There was no association between Quebec Task Force classification and baseline functional status. Quebec Task Force classification was associated strongly with the likelihood of receiving surgical treatment (P < or = 0.005). Among @entity1 with @entity13549 treated nonsurgically, improvement at 1 year in back-specific and generic physical function increased with higher Quebec Task Force classification category (P < or = 0.05). Only a nonsignificant trend was observed for surgically treated @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity2649 (Quebec Task Force classification 7, n = 131) had baseline features and outcomes distinct from @entity1 with @entity13549 . CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity13549 , the Quebec Task Force classification was highly associated with the severity of symptoms and the probability of subsequent surgical treatment. Nonsurgically treated @entity1 in Quebec Task Force classification categories reflecting @entity614 had greater improvement than those with @entity158 symptoms alone. Among surgical @entity1 , the Quebec Task Force classification was not associated with outcome. These results provide validation for the classification and its wider adoption. Nonetheless, improved diagnostic classifications are needed to predict outcomes better in @entity1 with @entity13549 who undergo surgery.

title: The Quebec Task Force classification for Spinal Disorders and the severity, treatment, and outcomes of XXXX and @entity2649 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['nerve root compression']

answer: @entity13549 :: (MESH:D012585,Disease) :: ['sciatica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity64 is an acute neurologic dysfunction of vascular origin, characterized by loss of @entity717 , @entity132 , and neurologic findings in the contralateral half of the body. Acute and long-term complications because of immobilization are seen in all organ systems. The aim of this study was to determine any differences between the affected and unaffected sides' @entity79 of acute and @entity64 @entity1 . DESIGN: In this study, we determined the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of 30 male @entity1 with acute (0-20 days) and 30 male @entity1 with chronic (6 months or longer) @entity64 and compared the densities with the normal side. Upper and lower limb BMDs were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Additionally, @entity1 were evaluated for the degree of @entity508 , the phases of motor improvement, and the activities of daily living. RESULTS: In acute-phase @entity64 @entity1 , @entity79 of the affected side was not significantly different from @entity79 of the normal side. @entity79 of both upper limbs of @entity64 @entity1 was not different from normal side upper limb @entity79 of @entity64 @entity1 . In both acute and @entity64 @entity1 , affected and unaffected side lower limb BMDs (femur total @entity79 scores) were not significantly different. However, in @entity64 @entity1 , affected side @entity79 of Ward's region was significantly higher compared with the normal side. There is no correlation between @entity79 and Brunnstrom phases, Ashworth scales, and the degree of activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: Higher @entity79 of the affected side Ward's region in chronic @entity64 @entity1 may be related to @entity508 and changes in walking pattern, which increase the mechanical stress loading of the Ward's region.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX with @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cerebrovascular accident', 'chronic stroke', 'Stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BMD', 'bone mineral densities']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: From 1983 to 1989 we performed a prospective trial of 70 consecutive, in vitro purged autologous bone marrow transplants (BMT) for @entity1 with progressive @entity1893 . Forty-nine @entity1 had @entity66 at the time of transplantation while 21 others had refractory high @entity706 . Forty-two @entity1 with B-lineage @entity706 received autologous marrow purged in vitro with monoclonal antibody (anti @entity6460 , @entity2282 , @entity11707 ) plus complement, 12 with T-lineage @entity706 received monoclonal antibody immunotoxins (anti @entity5893 , @entity4587 -ricin conjugates) along with @entity9987 purging and 16 received unpurged marrow. All received @entity786 , 57 with fractionated total body irradiation, and 13 with BCNU and @entity2592 . Hematologic engraftment was prompt and unaffected by phenotype (B vs. T) or by in vitro purging used (B vs. T vs. none) although nine of 16 non-relapse deaths were related to poor graft function. Fifty-one @entity1 (73%) were alive in complete remission (CR) 1 month following transplantation while 15 @entity1 (12 with @entity66 ) had persistent disease. Subsequently, 41 +/- 18% (by Kaplan-Meier estimate; +/- 95% confidence limits) of those who achieved CR remained relapse free 1-6.4 (median 3) years post-BMT. Neither risk group, purging, nor immunophenotype predicted subsequent post-transplant relapse. Among those 51 who achieved CR, 13 of 43 (27 +/- 14%) with @entity66 survive disease free while three of eight (38 +/- 34%) refractory @entity1 survive disease free (p = 0.96). Overall, 24 @entity1 survive, 16 in continuous complete remission 1-6.5 years following transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Autologous bone marrow transplantation for progressive XXXX : clinical impact of immunophenotype and in vitro purging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initially refractory disease', 'responsive disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'risk lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity9987 :: ('MESH:C011272', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: We investigated semantic and emotional priming of lexical decision-making in 20 school refusers and 20 attenders aged 11-16 years, matched for sex and reading ability. We hypothesised that: semantic and emotional priming would be demonstrable in both samples; and that the school refusers would show emotional priming of school-related words to aversive primes. Both samples showed semantic priming; emotional priming was shown by the attenders and 11 school refusers without a history of @entity308 . School-refusing @entity1 did not show emotional priming for school-related words. Nine school-refusing @entity1 with either current or past @entity308 showed a general reduction in their priming. These results show that both semantic and emotional priming can be detected in this age-range. They do not support school refusal being typically associated with @entity148 about school. The reduction in priming in those with a @entity308 history is similar to inhibition in information processing in depressed adults. Priming is therefore sensitive to at least some psychiatrically relevant states or traits in this age-range. It is concluded that priming could be a useful measure of information processing in this age-group, and further research is warranted.

title: Emotional and semantic priming as a measure of information processing in young XXXX with school refusal: a research note.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: The effects of @entity28 and caloric intake on biliary lipid metabolism were investigated in a series of related studies. The degree of saturation of gallbladder bile with @entity165 was found to be significantly higher in a group of 23 @entity28 healthy subjects than in a group of 23 nonobese controls matched for age, sex, and race. Bile was also significantly more saturated in 11 @entity28 subjects before than after @entity353 . To determine whether supersaturated bile in @entity28 is due to excessive secretion of @entity165 or to deficient secretion of @entity3645 and phospholipids, the hepatic outputs of these three lipids were measured during constant duodenal infusion of formula in the same 11 subjects before and after @entity353 . Weight reduction resulted in significant reduction of @entity165 output but not of @entity6741 or phospholipid output. Moreover, very @entity28 subjects were found to have @entity165 secretion rates markedly higher than less @entity28 subjects previously studied by the same method. In @entity28 subjects, bile was supersaturated with @entity165 despite increased @entity6741 pool sizes and increased secretion rates of @entity3645 and phospholipids. Supersaturated bile in the @entity28 could therefore be attributed to a single defect in lipid secretion, namely, an excessive output of @entity165 . To determine whether the rate of caloric intake can account for the effects of @entity28 on biliary lipid composition and secretion, nine @entity28 white @entity1 were studied on a weight maintenance diet and then during @entity353 on a 1,000 cal diet. As compared to weight maintenance, chronic caloric restriction resulted in reduced outputs of @entity165 , @entity3645 , and phospholipids, reduced @entity6741 pool size, and reduced synthesis and fecal excretion of @entity165 . Saturation of bile with @entity165 did not decrease during @entity353 , evidently because of the mobilization of @entity165 from adipose stores and the marked reduction in @entity6741 and phospholipid output observed during chronic caloric restriction. Acute alterations in caloric infusion rates did not fully reproduce the effects of chronic administration of high and low calorie diets. Likewise, chronic intake of hypercaloric diets by nonobese subjects did not reproduce the @entity165 hypersecretion characteristic of the @entity28 . Thus, increased @entity165 secretion in @entity28 subjects could not be fully explained by the amount of calories they ingested to maintain stable weight. It is concluded that @entity28 is characterized by excessive hepatic secretion of @entity165 which results in supersaturated bile.

title: Effects of @entity28 and caloric intake on biliary lipid metabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Recently, adhesion molecules, as well as eosinophils, have been found to play an important role in the inflammatory processes in @entity56 . We demonstrated here as below. Characteristics of adhesion molecules expression on eosinophils in @entity565 , namely, high-intensity expression of adhesion molecules. Induction of adhesion molecule expression by PAF and @entity5737 and in addition induction by the supernatant of mononuclear cells from mite-allergic @entity748 @entity1 stimulated with mite-allergen as well as with a combination of the recombinant @entity2772 , @entity2841 and @entity225 . Elevated soluble @entity2071 in @entity565 . Moreover, the presence of a large variety of membrane receptors and the identification of cytotoxic molecules (mainly granule basic proteins) have indicated that eosinophils should be considered as effector cells. We therefore investigated the possible release of granule proteins in response to signaling from @entity2071 and its ligands. The concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in supernatants of eosinophils were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the presence of recombinant soluble @entity2071 than without it. These results suggest that signaling from @entity2071 and its ligands might induce eosinophil activation and might be involved in degranulation of eosinophil granule proteins. In addition, reactive @entity26 species generated by eosinophils have also been considered capable of causing airway injury at the inflamed focus. We examined the effect of recombinant soluble @entity2071 and its ligands on eosinophil-induced radical @entity26 products. Recombinant soluble @entity2071 augmented eosinophil oxidative metabolism. It was concluded that signaling via adhesion molecules might play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity32 through activation of eosinophils, such as through an increase in oxidative metabolism or degranulation of eosinophil granule proteins.

title: [The roles of adhesion molecules, cytokines and chemokines in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['allergic inflammation']


abstract: Two experiments, each arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial, were conducted in ewes to examine direct effects of @entity291 follicular fluid (bFF) on follicular development and luteal function and to further characterize follicular development and luteal function after pituitary @entity18489 ( @entity18489 ). In Exp. 1, ewes were sham-operated or @entity18489 on d 6 of an estrous cycle and received 5 ml of saline or bFF three times daily on d 5 through 11 of the same cycle. In Exp. 2, all ewes were @entity18489 on d 6 of an estrous cycle and treated with saline or bFF three times daily on d 5 through 11 and with ovine FSH (60 micrograms; NIADDK-oFSH-16) or saline (1.2 ml) from d 7 to 11. In Exp. 2, ewes were ovariectomized on d 11 to assess effects of treatments on follicular development and luteal function. In both experiments, concentrations (ng/ml) of FSH on d 7 were suppressed (P less than or equal to .005) by bFF compared with saline (.50 +/- .17 vs 1.63 +/- .15) and remained suppressed (P less than or equal to .005) through d 11 (.46 +/- .12 vs 1.54 +/- .12). Replacement therapy (oFSH) restored concentrations of FSH. Concentrations of LH were not affected by bFF but were elevated (P less than or equal to .05) 1 d after @entity18489 (d 7; .88 +/- .09 vs .56 +/- .09) and remained elevated (P less than or equal to .05; 1.31 +/- .20 vs .65 +/- .11) from d 6 through 11. Concentrations of @entity1420 were unaffected by @entity18489 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gonadotropin concentrations, follicular development, and luteal function in pituitary stalk-transfected ewes treated with XXXX follicular fluid.

entities_list: @entity18489 :: ('MESH:D020221', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'stalk transection']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: AIMS: To prospectively compare the efficacy and safety of pressure topical anaesthesia in @entity432 by using cautery in the treatment of @entity936 ( @entity936 ) with that of conventional treatment by using needle injection of anaesthetic agents. METHODS: In a randomised controlled trial, 18 consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity936 requiring @entity432 were recruited over a 10 month period. Consenting @entity1 were randomised into two groups. Group A @entity1 received pressure topical anaesthesia in the right eye followed by injection anaesthesia in the left eye. Group B was vice versa. Punctal occlusion using cautery was performed in each eye after a specified time following the application of anaesthesia. The main outcome measures were the @entity158 experienced during application of anaesthesia and that during @entity432 . RESULTS: 36 eyes of 18 @entity1 were randomised to receive injection anaesthesia in one eye and pressure topical anaesthesia in the other. Nine @entity1 (nine females) were in group A and nine @entity1 (seven females, two males) in group B. The mean age of group A @entity1 was 45.3 (SD 13.5) years, and that of group B @entity1 was 55.6 (12.6) years. The two groups were comparable in terms of mean age (p=0.117) and mean @entity158 score for pressure topical anaesthesia application (p=0.612), injection anaesthesia application (p=0.454), diathermy in pressure anaesthetised eyes (p=0.113), and diathermy in injection anaesthetised eyes (p=0.289). Paired t test was used to compare the mean @entity158 score for pressure topical anaesthesia application (16.8 (24.8)) with those for injection anaesthesia application (56.7 (30.0)). 18 eyes of 18 @entity1 were compared with the fellow eye of the same 18 @entity1 . The mean @entity158 score for injection anaesthesia was greater than for pressure topical anaesthesia application (p<0.0001) (statistical power=0.87). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean @entity158 score for diathermy for eyes that received pressure topical anaesthesia (20.5 (27.5)) compared with eyes that received injection anaesthesia (23.1 (26.3)) (p=0.760) (statistical power=0.96). All 18 @entity1 preferred pressure topical anaesthesia to injection anaesthesia. CONCLUSION: Injection anaesthesia for @entity432 is more @entity158 than pressure topical anaesthesia application. However, the @entity158 experienced during diathermy application for @entity432 is similar between pressure anaesthetised eyes and injection anaesthetised eyes. Pressure topical anaesthesia is a less @entity158 (in terms of anaesthesia application) but equally effective alternative to conventional injection anaesthesia when used for @entity432 .

title: Efficacy of pressure topical anaesthesia in XXXX by diathermy.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['punctal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye syndrome', 'DES']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['punctal occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity355 is a metaplastic change in the esophageal lining with an increased risk for @entity420 . Multiple endoscopic techniques have been applied in an effort to reverse Barrett's. This is a multicenter trial defining the efficacy and safety of multipolar electrocoagulation combined with high-dose acid inhibition. METHODS: @entity1 with a 2- to 6-cm segment of @entity355 without @entity1141 were enrolled at 3 centers. They were treated with @entity4546 40 mg twice daily and then with up to 6 sessions with electrocoagulation aimed at eliminating all the endoscopically apparent Barrett's. Four quadrant large-capacity biopsies every 2 cm were centrally assessed for residual intestinal metaplasia. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 reached the endpoint of failure of visual reversal of Barrett's after 6 treatment sessions or a 6-month follow-up after the last session. Eighty-five percent had visual reversal and 78% both visual and histologic reversal. Four @entity1 had histologic evidence of residual intestinal metaplasia. Transient esophageal symptoms were common. One @entity1 developed a stricture requiring dilation and one required overnight hospitalization for @entity662 . CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 with 2 to 6 cm of nondysplastic @entity355 can be safely reversed with this combination therapy. Long-term follow-up will be necessary to document the durability of the new squamous epithelium.

title: Effective and safe endoscopic reversal of nondysplastic XXXX with thermal electrocoagulation combined with high-dose acid inhibition: a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: To examine the relationship between insulin action and body weight regulation in male @entity35 , the following studies were performed. In study 1, @entity35 (n = 31) were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) for 4 wk, and then @entity413 kinetics were estimated under basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions using the @entity413 clamp. After clamps, these same @entity35 were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 wk. In study 2, @entity35 (n = 30) were fed an LFD for 3 wk and then a high- @entity969 diet for 1 wk to produce selective hepatic insulin resistance. Clamps were then performed, and after clamps, these same @entity35 were placed on an HFD for 5 wk. In study 3, @entity35 (n = 30) were fed an LFD for 1 wk and then a high- @entity969 diet for 3 wk to produce widespread insulin resistance. Clamps were then performed, and after clamps, these same @entity35 were placed on an HFD for 5 wk. The rate of @entity413 appearance (R(a)) during the hyperinsulinemic clamps was the only pre-HFD variable that correlated (r = 0.49, P < 0.01 in study 1; r = 0.51, P < 0.001 in study 2) with @entity1017 on the HFD. Clamp R(a) also correlated with energy intake on the HFD in study 1 (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and study 2 (r = 0.59, P < 0.001). Clamp R(a) and energy intake on the HFD accounted for similar portions of the variance in body @entity1017 on the HFD. Weight gain and fat-pad mass were increased (P < 0.05) in study 2 compared with study 1. In study 3, pre-HFD @entity413 kinetics were not correlated with energy intake or @entity1017 on the HFD. Widespread insulin resistance did not significantly reduce the rate of @entity1017 on the HFD. Thus insulin action on R(a) can influence body @entity1017 on an HFD. The effects of R(a) on body @entity1017 appear to be mediated via effects on energy intake. Selective hepatic insulin resistance can increase body @entity1017 on an HFD, but widespread insulin resistance does not significantly reduce HFD-induced @entity1017 .

title: Reduced insulin suppression of @entity413 appearance is related to susceptibility to dietary obesity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of long-term outcome studies of @entity4697 that exceed a 2-year follow-up. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity4697 with @entity8396 treated according to a standardized protocol. METHODS: A consecutive series of 200 @entity1 satisfying the DSM-IV criteria for @entity4697 with @entity8396 was treated in an out- @entity1 clinic with behavioural methods based on exposure homework. One hundred and thirty-six @entity1 became @entity4697 free after 12 sessions of psychotherapy and 132 were available for follow-up. A 2- to 14-year (median = 8 years) follow-up was performed. Survival analysis was employed to characterize the clinical course of @entity1 . RESULTS: Thirty-one of the 132 @entity1 (23%) had a relapse of @entity4697 at some time during follow-up. The estimated cumulative percentage of @entity1 remaining in remission was 93.1 after 2 years, 82.4 after 5 years, 78.8 after 7 years and 62.1 after 10 years. Such probabilities increased with younger age, and in the absence of a @entity1314 , of high pre-treatment levels of depressed mood, of residual agoraphobic avoidance after exposure, and of concurrent use of @entity1245 and antidepressant drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that exposure treatment can provide lasting relief to the majority of @entity1 with @entity4697 and @entity8396 . Disappearance of residual and subclinical agoraphobic avoidance, and not simply of @entity4697 , should be the aim of exposure therapy.

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX with @entity8396 treated by exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic attacks', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic disorder']


abstract: 15 @entity703 induced in CBA male @entity19 by @entity8708 were studied electronmicroscopically (EM). All these @entity5 earlier were investigated histochemically and immunohistochemically with the use of @entity55123 ( @entity55123 ) as a marker of the proximal tubules and antigen A6 as a marker of distal tubules and/or collecting ducts. One of the @entity5 was @entity55123 -positive and antigen A6-negative and ultrastructurally well developed brush border was found. This correlation between immunohistochemistry and EM data allowed to conclude that the site of origin of this @entity5 were the cells of the proximal tubules. All other @entity5 were @entity55123 -negative and antigen A6-positive, i.e. the development of these @entity5 from the distal tubules (and not from the proximal tubules) could be suspected. However in 5 of these @entity5 reduced brush border was found. Microvilli were of a smaller size than in normal proximal tubules and were frequently located not on the apical cell surface but in the narrow spaces between two cells. @entity3473 and apical vesicles typical for the normal proximal tubules were also found in some @entity5 cells. EM and immunohistochemical data combined allow to suggest the origin of these @entity5 from the common precursor cell capable of differentiation, in the course of @entity5 progression, into the cells with properties of proximal and/or distal tubules.

title: @entity703 in XXXX : electron microscopy versus immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity55123 :: ('14598(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase', 'GGT']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['Invaginations']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell tumours']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: There is currently no single histological or genotypic marker that reliably predicts the biological behavior of @entity213 ( @entity213 ). While multiple genetic mutations have been investigated, no single genotypic alteration has consistently correlated with @entity146 . Phenotypic markers may prove more predictive, because they can represent many different genetic alterations. We investigated the frequency of centrosome hyperamplification in @entity213 and examined its usefulness as a marker for @entity5 recurrence. STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of archived paraffin blocks using immunohistochemistry. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 who underwent resection of oral @entity1544 were reviewed. Ten @entity1 had @entity5 that recurred locally within 1 year of resection, and 8 @entity1 were @entity5 free at 5 years. The amount of centrosome hyperamplification in the @entity5 specimens and all surgical margins was graded as follows: 0, none; 1+, rare hyperamplification; 2+, greater than 10% of cells per high-powered field; and 3 +, greater than 20% of cells per high-powered field. RESULTS: Centrosome hyperamplification was found in 17 of 18 @entity5 (94%). Grade 2+ or 3+ hyperamplification was found more in @entity5 that recurred (9 of 10) than in those that did not (3 of 8) and was more prevalent in the histologically normal margins of @entity1 with recurrence (8 of 10) than in those without recurrent @entity5 (3 of 8). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the extremely frequent occurrence of centrosome hyperamplification in @entity213 . Centrosome hyperamplification is a phenotypic marker for @entity213 and can reflect multiple genotypic changes. Its presence in histologically normal margins suggests that it may be useful for analysis of @entity5 and @entity5 margins.

title: Centrosome hyperamplification in @entity213 : a potential phenotypic marker of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['cavity squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['tumor aggressiveness']


abstract: A 350-kDa @entity39272 protease complex with 10 different subunits was identified in chloroplast of @entity958 , using Blue-Native gel electrophoresis, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight and nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The complex was copurified with the thylakoid membranes, and all identified Clp subunits show chloroplast targeting signals, supporting that this complex is indeed localized in the chloroplast. The complex contains chloroplast-encoded pClpP and six nuclear-encoded proteins nCpP1-6, as well as two unassigned Clp homologues ( @entity55960 , nClpP8). An additional Clp protein was identified in this complex; it does not belong to any of the known Clp genes families and is here assigned ClpS1. Expression and accumulation of several of these Clp proteins have never been shown earlier. Sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis suggests that @entity43232 , @entity43230 , and nClpP8 are not catalytically active and form a new group of Clp higher plant proteins, orthologous to the cyanobacterial ClpR protein, and are renamed @entity43233 , respectively. We speculate that @entity43233 are part of the heptameric rings, whereas ClpS1 is a regulatory subunit positioned at the axial opening of the @entity39272 /R core. Several truncations and errors in intron and exon prediction of the annotated Clp genes were corrected using mass spectrometry data and by matching genomic sequences with cDNA sequences. This strategy will be widely applicable for the much needed verification of protein prediction from genomic sequence. The extreme complexity of the chloroplast Clp complex is discussed.

title: Identification of a 350-kDa XXXX protease complex with 10 different Clp isoforms in chloroplasts of @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity39272 :: (844734(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['ClpP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has the potential to enhance muscular regeneration. In previous publications, our group was able to show a dose-response relationship in female animals between the amount of transplanted cells and muscle force. The impact of sex on the regeneration of @entity85 following MSC transplantation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We investigated histologic and biomechanical regeneration parameters in @entity35 after autologous transplantation of MSCs. Our hypothesis was that female @entity35 have greater muscle regeneration potential than male @entity35 after autologous MSC transplantation. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity35 received an open crush @entity130 of the left soleus muscle. One week after @entity130 , 2.5   10(6) autologous MSCs, harvested from tibial biopsies, were transplanted locally (female, n = 9; male, n = 9). Control animals received saline solution (female, n = 9; male, n = 9). Histologic analysis and biomechanical evaluation by in vivo muscle force measurement were performed 3 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS: MSC therapy improved the force of the injured soleus in male @entity35 significantly (twitch: treated, 0.76 [0.51-1.15]; twitch: untreated, 0.45 [0.32-0.73] [P = 0.01]; @entity116 : treated, 0.63 [0.4-1.21], @entity116 : untreated, 0.34 [0.16-0.48] [P = 0.04]). Force measurements in females also revealed significant improvements (twitch: treated, 0.71 [0.38-0.96]; twitch: untreated, 0.36 [0.18-0.63] [P = 0.005]; @entity116 : treated, 0.53 [0.21-0.68]; @entity116 : untreated, 0.27 [0.11-0.47] [P = 0.01]). The intersexual comparison of fast twitch and tetanic contraction forces revealed no significance (twitch, P = 0.55; @entity116 , P = 0.19). The histologic analysis showed no differences in the amount of fibrotic tissue (male, P = 0.9; female, P = 0.14) and the size of muscle area (male, P = 0.2; female, P = 0.56) following treatment. Male animals showed higher values for muscle area (P = 0.011) and less @entity82 (P = 0.028), independent of treatment. CONCLUSION: The outcome of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury can be improved in animals of both sexes with MSC transplantation.

title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy following muscle XXXX leads to improved muscular regeneration in both male and female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity18639 ( @entity18640 ) is a mycotoxin produced by @entity18327 and F. proliferatum, common contaminants of @entity2829 . @entity18640 causes toxicological effects in laboratory and domestic animals including @entity1707 . The gastrointestinal tract represents a barrier encountered by exogenous food compounds. The purpose of our study was to determine @entity18640 effects on intestinal immune response. Nine recently weaned piglets orally received 0.5 mg of purified toxin/kg of body weight/day for 7 days, while eight other animals were kept as controls. After necropsy, ileal samples were analyzed for five pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression by RT-PCR. No difference was observed for @entity16318 , @entity22134 , IL-12 and @entity50406 mRNA levels between control and @entity18640 -treated animals. In contrast, @entity18640 treatment induced a significant down-regulation of the expression of @entity9404 mRNA in the @entity1707 ilea. The effect of FB(1) on the @entity9404 expression was also examined in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-1. @entity18640 decreases the expression of @entity9404 , both at the mRNA and protein levels, in a dose-dependant manner. Taken together, our data demonstrate that @entity18640 alters the intestinal immune response by decreasing the level of @entity9404 . This may contribute to the increased intestinal colonization by pathogenic @entity526 that was observed in FB(1)-treated @entity1707 and may have implications for @entity1 /animals consuming @entity18640 -contaminated food/feed.

title: Mycotoxin fumonisin B1 selectively down-regulates the basal XXXX expression in @entity1707 intestine: in vivo and in vitro studies.

entities_list: @entity18327 :: ('117187', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium verticillioides']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity9404 :: (396880(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: Since 1992, the authors have used an all @entity691 tibial component in relatively less active @entity1 older than 70 years of age who present for primary total knee replacement. Results of 312 knee replacements performed between March 1992 and March 1998 are presented in the hopes of showing this technique as a viable cost saving measure. Three hundred twelve primary total knee replacements were performed by the same group of surgeons. Fourteen @entity1 died before the first year postoperative evaluation, leaving an index group of 298 knees in 231 @entity1 . All components were evaluated using the radiographic and clinical parameters of the Knee Society. Hospital for Special Surgery scores also were calculated. All @entity1 were given the Short Form-36 Quality of Life Assessment preoperatively and annually postoperatively. Clinical scores showed dramatic improvement. There have been three revisions (0.7%) but none were for @entity1349 . Radiographic review revealed 295 replacements with optimum fixation. To date, no @entity1 has @entity3061 . The cost differential was significant. The use of this type of tibial component has, to date, afforded excellent clinical and radiographic results. Additional followup is needed to show the longevity of these results and to monitor wear or subsidence of these prostheses. Should these results continue to prove satisfactory in this particular group of @entity1 with relatively low physical demands, significant cost savings may be realized.

title: Results of all- XXXX tibial components as a cost-saving technique.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the epidural use of 0.5% @entity1342 and 0.5% @entity1341 in @entity1 undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery. In a double-blind, randomized, multi-centre study involving 67 @entity1 , thirty-two @entity1 received 20 ml of 0.5% @entity1342 and 35 @entity1 received 20 ml of 0.5% @entity1341 at the L2,3 or L3,4 interspace. Parameters measured were the onset time, duration and @entity616 , the onset time, duration and degree of @entity616 , the quality of anaesthesia and the heart rate and blood pressure profile during block onset. Four @entity1 (3 @entity1342 , 1 @entity1341 ) were excluded from the study due to technical failure of the block. The onset and duration of @entity1337 at the T10 dermatome (median, interquartile range) was 10 (5-15) minutes and 3.5 (2.7-4.3) hours respectively for @entity1342 , and was 10 (6-15) minutes and 3.4 (2.5-3.8) hours respectively for @entity1341 . Maximum block height (median, range) was T6 (T2-T12) for @entity1342 and T6 (C7-T10) for @entity1341 . Nine @entity1 receiving @entity1342 and eight @entity1 receiving @entity1341 developed no apparent @entity616 . The incidence of complete @entity616 (Bromage grade 3) was low in both groups, being 4/27 for @entity1342 and 6/34 for @entity1341 . In the @entity1342 group, motor and sensory block were judged to be satisfactory in 78% of @entity1 . In the @entity1341 group, motor and sensory block were judged to be satisfactory in 71% and 62% of @entity1 respectively. Cardiovascular changes were similar in both groups. No statistical differences were found between the two groups regarding any of the study parameters.

title: Comparison of 0.5% @entity1342 and 0.5% XXXX in lumbar epidural anaesthesia for lower limb orthopaedic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['motor block', 'spread of sensory block']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: A new form of high affinity fibroblast growth factor receptor has been purified from adult @entity291 brain membranes. Purification was performed by chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl and @entity3505 germ agglutinin-agarose followed by @entity12270 affinity chromatography. Affinity labeling of purified fractions with 125I- @entity12270 showed after cross-linking a 170-kDa complex, suggesting the existence of a 150-kDa FGF receptor. No cross-reactivity with anti-FGF receptor 1 ( @entity51159 or flg) or with anti-receptor 2 ( @entity31003 or bek) antibodies could be detected with this partially purified receptor. Heparitinase treatment of the partially purified FGF receptor abolished the formation of the ligand receptor complex. The complex was restored in the presence of heparin in a dose dependent fashion, supporting the idea that heparin-like molecules are needed for proper binding. Further purification of the receptor was achieved by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and yielded a purification of over 320,000-fold. The purified receptor fraction was radiolabeled and loaded on RPLC C4 column. Eluted fractions were analysed by @entity214 -PAGE. A major 150-kDa band was detected. These data show for the first time a new form of FGF receptor isolated from @entity291 brain membranes. This purified receptor displays affinity for heparin and was therefore named heparin binding FGF receptor (HB-FGFR). It remains unclear whether the receptor is a proteo-heparin @entity597 or whether heparans are strongly associated and therefore are copurified. Large scale preparations are in progress for core protein structure studies.

title: Purification of a heparin binding FGF receptor (HB-FGFR) from adult XXXX brain membranes.

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although native faith healers are found in all parts of Pakistan, where they practice in harmony with the cultural value system, their practice is poorly understood. This study investigated the prevalence, classification and treatment of @entity146 among attenders at faith healers. METHOD: The work of faith healers with 139 attenders was observed and recorded. The mental status of attenders was assessed using a two-stage design: screening using the General Health Questionnaire followed by diagnostic interview using the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule. RESULTS: The classification used by faith healers is based on the mystic cause of disorders: saya (27%), jinn possession (16%) or churail (14%). Sixty-one percent of attenders were given a research diagnosis of @entity146 : major @entity308 (24%), generalized @entity148 (15%) or @entity302 (9%). There was little agreement between the faith healers' classification and DSM-IIIR diagnosis. Faith healers use powerful techniques of suggestion and cultural psychotherapeutic procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Faith healers are a major source of care for @entity1 with mental health problems in Pakistan, particularly for @entity1 and those with little education. Further research should assess methods of collaboration that will permit @entity1 with mental health problems to access effective and culturally appropriate treatment.

title: The prevalence, classification and treatment of XXXX among attenders of native faith healers in rural Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although some predictive models for @entity1 outcomes after severe @entity131 have been proposed, a mathematical model with high predictive value has not been established. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the most important indicators of prognosis and to develop the best outcome prediction model. METHODS: One hundred eleven consecutive @entity1 with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of <9 were examined and 14 factors were evaluated. Intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure were recorded at admission to the intensive care unit. The absence of the basal cisterns, presence of extensive @entity510 , and degree of midline shift were evaluated by means of computed tomography within 24 hours after injury. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for a poor prognosis and to develop the best prediction model. RESULTS: The best model included the following variables: age (p < 0.01), light reflex (p = 0.01), extensive @entity510 (p = 0.01), intracranial pressure (p = 0.04), and midline shift (p = 0.12). Positive predictive value of the model was 97.3%, negative predictive value was 87.1%, and overall predictive value was 94.2%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.977, and the p value for the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit was 0.866. CONCLUSIONS: Our predictive model based on age, absence of light reflex, presence of extensive @entity510 , intracranial pressure, and midline shift was shown to have high predictive value and will be useful for decision making, review of treatment, and family counseling in case of @entity131 .

title: Prognostic indicators and outcome prediction model for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between gestation, childbirth and @entity5 prognosis is unknown for most @entity5 (e.g. @entity978 ), whereas a body of evidence exists for @entity320 and @entity0 . METHODS: The national @entity5 registration and hospital discharge data for @entity1 in England (1998-2007) were linked, and the records for @entity978 , @entity320 and @entity0 were indexed as to whether @entity1 had delivered a @entity1 in separate time periods prior to their @entity5 diagnosis. Survival analyses were conducted in order to characterise prognosis in relation to childbirth, with statistical adjustment for age and (where possible) stage. FINDINGS: For @entity320 and @entity0 , survival was strongly reduced in @entity1 who gave birth in the year prior to @entity5 diagnosis. The age-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.06 (1.42-3.01) for @entity320 and 1.84 (1.64-2.06) for @entity0 . The associations were only slightly attenuated by further adjustment for @entity5 stage. For @entity0 , the excess @entity204 rate in @entity1 with a recent childbirth peaked at 2 years and remained elevated for 6 to 8 years. Previous childbirth had no overall effect on the outcome of @entity978 . INTERPRETATION: @entity320 and @entity0 prognosis are adversely affected by recent gestation and childbirth in a way that is not due to stage of the @entity5 , but rather to inherent biological properties of the @entity5 . Possible biological mechanisms include immunosuppression ( @entity320 ), the hormonal milieu in gestation and a @entity5 promoting @entity6751 ( @entity0 ).

title: Recent childbirth is an adverse prognostic factor in XXXX and @entity320 , but not in @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity6751 :: ('MESH:D050032', 'Disease') :: ['microenvironment post-partum']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']