abstract: The elucidation of the structure of the @entity5582 binding sequence in heparin has given a large impulse to the rational design of heparin related drugs. De novo chemical synthesis of the corresponding @entity23868 as well as simplified analogues has provided very specific, @entity5582 -mediated inhibitors of factor Xa with various pharmacokinetic profiles. Fondaparinux and idraparinux are examples of such compounds that have found clinical application as antithrombotics. Because of the very specific binding to @entity5582 the pharmacokinetics of @entity23868 can be predicted and transferred to other molecules covalently bound to them. The new chemical entities thus obtained display a wide array of antithrombotic activities, giving improved heparin molecules as well as new anticoagulants, devoid of the undesired side effects of heparin and with unprecedented pharmacological profiles. In this context, a direct @entity556 inhibitor was covalently coupled to a pentasaccharide by an inert spacer. This compound, @entity24856 exerts @entity5582 mediated anti-factor Xa activity together with direct @entity556 inhibiting capacity. It displays favourable pharmacokinetics as imposed by the pentasaccharide. @entity24856 was further modified by the introduction of a @entity1885 moiety in its structure. The new entity obtained, @entity24857 exerts the same pharmacological profile as @entity24856 and it can be instantaneously neutralised by injection of avidin. Due to this unprecedented mechanism of anticoagulant activity and its ability to be neutralised, @entity24857 deserves to be investigated in clinical settings where direct @entity556 inhibition is required.

title: From heparin to XXXX : the long way to a new pentasaccharide-based neutralisable anticoagulant with an unprecedented pharmacological profile.

entities_list: @entity23868 :: ('CHEBI:35369', 'Chemical') :: ['pentasaccharide', 'pentasaccharides']

answer: @entity24857 :: (MESH:C547750,Chemical) :: ['EP217609']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess: (1) oral symptoms of @entity1 treated for @entity5 ; (2) how @entity1 rank the burden of oral symptoms; (3) the impact of the @entity5 , the treatment, and oral symptoms on functional outcome. METHODS: Eighty-nine @entity1 treated for @entity5 were asked about their oral symptoms related to mouth opening, dental status, oral sensory function, tongue mobility, salivary function, and @entity158 . They were asked to rank these oral symptoms according to the degree of burden experienced. The Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ) was used to assess functional outcome. In a multivariate linear regression analyses, variables related to MFIQ scores (p <=0.10) were entered as predictors with MFIQ score as the outcome. RESULTS: Lack of saliva (52%), @entity3137 (48%), and @entity5773 (46%) were the most frequently reported oral symptoms. Lack of saliva was most frequently (32%) ranked as the most burdensome oral symptom. For radiated @entity1 , an inability to wear a dental prosthesis, a T3 or T4 stage, and a higher age were predictive of MFIQ scores. For non-radiated @entity1 , a @entity3137 , an inability to wear a dental prosthesis, @entity5773 , and surgery of the mandible were predictive of MFIQ scores. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of saliva was not only the most frequently reported oral symptom after treatment for @entity5 , but also the most burdensome. Functional outcome is strongly influenced by an inability to wear a dental prosthesis in both radiated and non-radiated @entity1 .

title: Oral symptoms and functional outcome related to oral and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['restricted tongue mobility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral or oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['restricted mouth opening']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: The central hemodynamic responses were studied in experimental @entity295 in @entity468 , following various routes of infusion of live @entity526 bacteria. The @entity450 ( @entity450 ) was electromagnetically recorded. The pulmonary artery was cannulate for pressure recording. Platelet and white blood cell concentrations, @entity4095 , PCO2, pH and @entity26 saturation were measured at intervals. I.v. infusion of bacteria induced initially decreased @entity450 , systemic @entity551 , @entity120 . Portal infusion evoked, on the other hand, increased @entity450 , but induced no significant change in @entity551 . Aortal infusion induced responses in between. The initial hemodynamic changes were followed by relative normalization after 5-10 min. Then, in all series, a progressive @entity551 were noticed. Within 5 min following bacterial infusion the platelet and white blood cell concentrations fell to 65 and 50%, respectively. In all series a moderate @entity520 developed. Thus, the initial hemodynamic response following infusion of live @entity526 was dependent on the route of infusion; intraportal infusion induced initially a more hyperdynamic state. The different initial central hemodynamic responses did not influence the subsequent development of a @entity551 shock state.

title: Central hemodynamic responses to venous, aortal or portal infusion of live XXXX bacteria in the cat.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['ABF', 'aortic blood flow']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in ABF and systemic blood pressure', 'hypotensive', 'systemic or pulmonary arterial blood pressures', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One out of three adults over the age of 65 years and one out of two over the age of 80 falls annually. Fall risk increases for older adults with severe @entity626 , a matter that should be further researched. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the history of falls including frequency, mechanism and location of falls, activity during falling and injuries sustained from falls examining at the same time their physical status. The secondary purpose was to determine the effect of age, gender, @entity102 , social environment, @entity158 elsewhere in the body and components of health related quality of life such as @entity158 , @entity2693 , physical function, and dynamic stability on falls frequency in older adults aged 65 years and older with severe @entity626 . METHODS: An observational longitudinal study was conducted on 68 @entity1 (11 males and 57 females) scheduled for total knee replacement due to severe @entity626 (grade 3 or 4) and knee @entity158 lasting at least one year or more. @entity1 were personally interviewed for fall history and asked to complete self-administered questionnaires, such as the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and physical performance test was performed. RESULTS: The frequency of falls was 63.2% for the past year. The majority of falls took place during walking (89.23%). The main cause of falling was stumbling (41.54%). There was a high rate of injurious falling (29.3%). The time @entity1 needed to complete the physical performance test implied the presence of disability and frailty. The high rates of fall risk, the high disability levels, and the low quality of life were confirmed by questionnaires and the mobility test. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with severe @entity626 were at greater risk of falling, as compared to healthy older adults. @entity158 , @entity2693 , limited physical ability, reduced muscle strength, all consequences of severe @entity626 , restricted @entity1 's quality of life and increased the fall risk. Therefore, @entity1 with severe @entity626 should not postpone having total knee replacement, since it was clear that they would face more complicated matters when combining with fractures other @entity130 and disability.

title: Analyzing the History of Falls in XXXX with Severe Knee Osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['serious injuries']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Chronic and acute @entity10108 cause overt, clinical symptoms of @entity299 with potentially lethal consequences. Morphological, biochemical, and functional derangements of the heart have all been described in @entity1 following exposure to excessive lead levels. Disturbances in cardiac electrical and mechanical activity and postmortem evidence of morphological and biochemical derangements of the myocardium have all been reported following excessive exposure to lead in @entity1 . In addition, signs of @entity528 , abnormal vascular smooth muscle function, and altered vessel compliance have been described in @entity1 chronically and acutely exposed to toxic lead levels. Similar @entity65 have been detected following excessive lead exposure in experimental animals. @entity2401 , electrocardiographic disturbances, heightened @entity2922 arrhythmogenicity, altered myocardial contractile responsiveness to inotropic stimulation, degenerative structural and biochemical changes affecting the musculature of the heart and vasculature, @entity101 , @entity1007 , @entity731 , and increased vascular reactivity to alpha-adrenergic agonists have been among the reported @entity65 linked to @entity10108 . Less certain are the cardiovascular effects of subclinical @entity10108 . Although controversial, chronic low-level lead exposure has been linked to @entity101 and other @entity65 in both clinical and experimental studies. In general, it can be concluded that lead over a wide range of exposure intensities can induce significant changes in the function of the cardiovascular system. Evidence points to the involvement of multiple sites of action. Cardiac and vascular sites, as well as sites within the central nervous system, have all been implicated in the sequelae of cardiovascular effects. The exact pathogenic mechanisms that underlie the actions of lead in the cardiovascular system, however, have yet to be elucidated definitively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular actions of lead and relationship to XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10108 :: ('MESH:D007855', 'Disease') :: ['lead poisoning']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disturbances', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['Myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['vascular degeneration']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the outcome of @entity292 sustained during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all cases managed at a tertiary referral center. Data abstracted included demographics, presenting symptoms, additional interventions, healing, and long-term functional outcome. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2009, 10 @entity1 were treated for @entity292 following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Mean age was 60 years. Two @entity1 were converted to open prostatectomy for primary repair of the rectal laceration without fecal diversion. The remaining 8 @entity1 (80%) had unrecognized injury at the time of prostatectomy and presented postoperatively. Mean time from radical prostatectomy to presentation with @entity292 symptoms was 9.5 days. Seven @entity1 (70%) required 1 or more operations to treat or control the symptoms of the @entity292 (median 2.3, mean 2, range 1-4 operations). Three @entity1 (30%) required colostomy within 1 month of radical prostatectomy due to severity of symptoms. Spontaneous healing of the @entity292 was noted in 6 @entity1 (60%) following diversion (urinary    fecal diversion), and a minority of @entity1 (30%) required an operation to close the @entity292 . One @entity1 (10%) required cystectomy for positive margins. During a mean follow-up of 27 months, no recurrent @entity292 was observed in any of the @entity1 . All @entity1 had normal anal continence, but the majority of @entity1 were @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who develop a @entity292 following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy often require additional operations for symptoms control and/or healing of the @entity292 . Urinary continence is affected in the majority of @entity1 .

title: XXXX following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'rectourethral fistula']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinent of urine']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['Rectourethral fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet aggregation plays a critical role in @entity583 and @entity64 ; however, the role of platelet secretion in @entity731 is poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that platelet dense-granule secretion modulates @entity715 , @entity32 , and @entity731 after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS: Functional deletion of the @entity13276 3 gene ( @entity24870 (-/-)) markedly reduces platelet dense-granule secretion. @entity24870 (-/-) @entity19 have normal platelet counts, platelet morphology, and alpha-granule number, as well as maximal secretion of the alpha-granule marker P-selectin; however, their capacity to form platelet-leukocyte aggregates is significantly reduced (P<0.05). To examine the role of platelet dense-granule secretion in these processes, @entity731 -prone @entity19 with @entity74 of @entity6970 and @entity24870 ( @entity6970 (-/-), @entity24870 (-/-)) were compared with congenic, @entity731 -prone @entity19 with normal platelet secretion ( @entity6970 (-/-), @entity24870 (+/+)). After 16 to 18 weeks on a high-fat diet, both groups of @entity19 had similar fasting @entity165 levels and body weight. Carotid arteries of @entity6970 (-/-), @entity24870 (+/+) @entity19 thrombosed rapidly after @entity24871 injury, but @entity6970 (-/-), @entity24870 (-/-) @entity19 were completely resistant to thrombotic @entity432 (P<0.01). Three weeks after injury, neointimal @entity1373 (from alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells) was significantly less (P<0.001) in arteries from @entity6970 (-/-), @entity24870 (-/-) @entity19 . In @entity6970 (-/-), @entity24870 (-/-) @entity19 , there were also pronounced reductions in @entity3468 , as indicated by a 74% decrease in @entity8236 -positive leukocytes (P<0.01) and a 73% decrease in @entity9674 -positive macrophages (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity731 @entity19 , reduced platelet dense-granule secretion is associated with marked protection against the development of arterial @entity715 , @entity32 , and neointimal @entity1373 after @entity1317 .

title: Platelet dense-granule secretion plays a critical role in @entity715 and subsequent vascular remodeling in @entity731 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease', 'atherosclerotic vascular remodeling', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arterial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['combined genetic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity13276 :: ('MESH:D022861', 'Disease') :: ['Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Elevated @entity5752 ( @entity5752 ), a marker of subclinical @entity5694 , may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity28 and metabolic risk. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma @entity5752 and @entity209 in apparently healthy Chinese. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A population-based study including 559 overweight/ @entity28 (BMI >or=24.0 kg/m(2)) and 500 normal-weight (18.0 <or= BMI <24.0 kg/m(2)) subjects aged 35-54 years was conducted in Shanghai, China. Fasting plasma @entity413 , lipid profile, @entity5752 , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, @entity650 , high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, hepatic enzymes, and body composition were measured. @entity209 was defined by the updated National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criterion for Asian Americans. RESULTS: @entity5752 levels were significantly higher in overweight/ @entity28 individuals than in normal-weight individuals (geometric mean 27.6 [95% CI 25.2-30.3] vs. 10.0 [9.1-11.1] microg/ml; P < 0.001). After multiple adjustments including BMI, the odds ratios were 3.54 (95% CI 2.05-6.09) and 5.53 (95% CI 2.64-11.59) for @entity209 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , respectively, comparing the highest with the lowest @entity5752 quartile. Further adjustments for inflammatory markers almost abolished the significant association of @entity5752 with @entity209 but not that with @entity164 2 @entity6 , and controlling for adipokines and hepatic enzymes did not substantially alter the results. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated circulating @entity5752 was associated with @entity28 , @entity209 , and @entity164 2 @entity6 in apparently healthy Chinese. These findings suggested a role of lipopolysaccharide via initiation of innate immune mechanism(s) in @entity209 . Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

title: A marker of @entity5694 is associated with @entity28 and related XXXX in apparently healthy Chinese.

entities_list: @entity5752 :: ('3929', 'Gene') :: ['lipopolysaccharide-binding protein', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disorders', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic disorders']


abstract: Since the early 1970s there has been an ongoing debate regarding the wisdom of promoting unassisted spontaneous breathing throughout the course of @entity3124 in @entity1 with severe @entity1576 . The basis of this debate has focused on the clinical relevance of opposite problems. Historically, the term "disuse @entity194 " has described a situation wherein sustained inactivity of the respiratory muscles (ie, passive ventilation) results in deconditioning and @entity425 . More recently it has been referred to as "ventilator-induced @entity409 ." In contrast, "use @entity194 " describes a situation where chronic high-tension inspiratory work causes structural damage to the diaphragm and @entity425 . Both laboratory and clinical studies demonstrated that relatively brief periods of complete respiratory muscle inactivity, as well as intense muscle loading, result in acute @entity32 , loss of muscle mass, and @entity425 . Yet in @entity3124 other @entity4059 also affect respiratory muscle function, including prolonged use of neuromuscular blocking agents, administration of @entity288 , and @entity295 . This makes the attribution of acquired @entity425 and ventilator-dependence to either ventilator-induced @entity409 or loaded breathing extremely difficult. Regardless, the clinical implications of this research strongly suggest that passive mechanical ventilation should be avoided whenever possible. However, promotion of unassisted spontaneous breathing in the acute phase of @entity3124 also may carry a substantial risk of @entity4589 and @entity425 . Use of mechanical ventilation modes in a manner that induces spontaneous breathing effort, while simultaneously reducing the work load on the respiratory muscles, is probably sufficient to minimize both problems.

title: XXXX -ventilator interaction during acute lung injury, and the role of spontaneous breathing: part 1: respiratory muscle function during @entity3124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness', 'respiratory muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent data indicate a role for airway @entity2543 , a regulated form of @entity39 , and the associated release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the development of @entity1030 . DAMPs can activate @entity7944 ( @entity7944 ), triggering innate immune responses. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke (CS)-induced @entity2543 and @entity10370 release initiate airway @entity32 in @entity1030 . @entity1 bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) and @entity39 cell death (membrane integrity by PI staining) and @entity10370 release (i.e. dsDNA, @entity518 , @entity2285 , mtDNA, @entity855 ) were analyzed. Subsequently, BEAS-2B cells were exposed to @entity10370 -containing supernatant of CS-induced @entity39 cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators ( @entity687 , @entity650 ) was evaluated. Further, @entity19 were exposed to CS in the presence and absence of necroptosis inhibitor @entity19536 and levels of DAMPs and inflammatory cell numbers were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. @entity1050 induced a significant increase in the percentage of @entity39 cells and @entity10370 release in BEAS-2B cells. Stimulation of BEAS-2B cells with supernatant of CS-induced @entity39 cells induced a significant increase in the release of @entity687 and @entity650 , in a @entity4100 dependent fashion. In @entity19 , exposure of CS increased the levels of DAMPs and numbers of neutrophils in BAL fluid, which was statistically reduced upon treatment with @entity19536 . Together, we showed that CS exposure induces @entity39 of bronchial epithelial cells and subsequent @entity10370 release in vitro, inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, CS exposure induces @entity32 that is sensitive to necroptosis inhibition.

title: Cigarette smoke-induced necroptosis and XXXX release trigger @entity32 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'neutrophilic airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity19536 :: ('MESH:C507699', 'Chemical') :: ['Necrostatin-1']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['pattern recognition receptors', 'PRRs']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial necroptosis']

answer: @entity10370 :: (CHEBI:17713,Chemical) :: ['DAMP']


abstract: @entity4963 results in a mortality of > 50% among adults, but data on @entity1 with @entity4963 are limited. We reviewed 70 episodes of @entity4963 that occurred between January 1988 and October 1992. Of these episodes, 53% were caused by @entity5132 , 24% were caused by @entity7409 , 16% were caused by @entity9841 , and 3% were caused by Candida krusei. Twenty-five percent of the @entity1 were premature @entity1 . Other underlying conditions included @entity5 (15%); @entity299 (14%); and @entity851 (14%). A central venous catheter was in place during 61 (87%) of 70 episodes. Candiduria preceded @entity4963 in only 4 (8%) of 52 @entity1 . The overall mortality rate was 19%; 36% of those with intravenous catheters that were not removed within 3 days died, whereas none of the @entity1 from whom catheters were removed within 3 days died (P < .0001). Only two survivors had complications. Therapy with @entity2379 (with or without @entity4895 ) was administered to 74% of these @entity1 . Seventeen @entity1 were not treated medically; all were immunocompetent and survived. Of these @entity1 , 15 were > 2 months of age; 14 had @entity4963 for < or = 2 days; and 15 had an intravenous catheter removed within 2 days of the onset of @entity4963 . No @entity1 stopped receiving @entity2379 because of side effects. The results of this study suggest the following: that mortality associated with @entity4963 is lower among @entity1 than among adults; that failure to remove the indwelling intravenous catheter usually results in a poor outcome; that candiduria rarely precedes @entity4963 in @entity1 ; and that @entity2379 is well tolerated by @entity1 .

title: XXXX in a pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['Candida tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short-gut syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['Candidemia', 'candidemia', 'pediatric candidemia']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity4963 :: (MESH:D058387,Disease) :: ['Candidemia']


abstract: The lysosomal population of the seminiferous tubules of the @entity35 was studied by conventional electron microscopy and electron microscopic histochemistry. Biochemical determinations of acid phosphatase were carried out in whole cell suspensions of seminiferous tubular cells or in different cell populations purified by sedimentation in albumin gradients. Lysosomes were rarely found in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. Young spermatids showed up to six lysosomes per section, and this number increased as spermatid maturation proceeded. Residual bodies had a very heterogeneous lysosomal content. Sertoli cells showed cyclical variations in their lysosomes. These were present in small numbers from stages I-IV of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and progressively increased to be numerous in Sertoli cells at stages VI-VIII. After spermiation, their rapidly decreased. Acid phosphatase contents were (nanomoles of @entity15764 formed per mg protein/min): whole cell suspension, 67.5 +/- 7.8; pachytene spermatocytes (72% purity), 76.5 +/- 10.6; round spermatids (73% purity), 95.0 +/- 2.8; residual bodies (88% purity), 96.0 +/- 14.2; and Sertoli cell-enriched fraction, 278.5 +/- 75.7. In a group of @entity35 , endogenous LH and @entity251 were lowered by administration of anti-LH antibodies. There was an intense degeneration of meiotic spermatocytes, which were phagocytized and digested by these immature @entity251 -depleted Sertoli cells. It is concluded that lysosomes of the seminiferous epithelium show cyclical variations, with an increase toward the time of spermiation and a decrease after the residual bodies have been digested; the acid phosphatase and lysosomal contents of Sertoli cells are higher than those of germ cells, residual body disposal is probably initiated by autophagy and completed by Sertoli cell phagocytosis; and the phagocytic function of Sertoli cells is not hormone ( @entity251 ) dependent.

title: The phagocytic function of Sertoli cells: a morphological, biochemical, and endocrinological study of lysosomes and acid phosphatase localization in the XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity15764 :: ('CHEBI:39362', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrophenol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Groups of NIH and C57BL/10 ( @entity2020 ) @entity19 were vaccinated subcutaneously with excretory/secretory material from the @entity2199 parasite @entity8416 using a variety of different adjuvants, i.e. complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ), 'TiterMax', alum and ISCOMs. ISCOMs were also given orally. NIH @entity19 , known to be rapid responders to @entity8416 , expelled their worms earlier than usual with vaccination. The slow-responder @entity2020 @entity19 did not expel worms any earlier, no matter which adjuvant was used. The antibody isotype response profiles following vaccination with the four adjuvants did not differ significantly; however NIH @entity19 generally produced higher levels of antibody than @entity2020 and @entity3795 induced the highest overall response. NIH cells yielded stimulation indices far in excess of the @entity2020 following in vitro stimulation with T. spiralis antigen. Secretion of @entity59 ( @entity59 ) and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) by these cells followed similar trends, i.e. higher levels from NIH than @entity2020 . A high @entity59 level in the NIH strain was accompanied by low-level @entity60 production following infection, whereas the @entity60 response was not observed in @entity2020 supernatants. This study shows that vaccination using these adjuvants did not appear to modify the immune response qualitatively, but the magnitude of the response was affected greatly.

title: Vaccination against the @entity2199 @entity8416 in high- and low-responder XXXX . Effects of different adjuvants upon protective immunity and immune responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['Trichinella spiralis', 'T. spiralis']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) in @entity1 with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 and no prior @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) or sustained @entity1165 is an unsolved issue. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 106 consecutive @entity1 (62 @entity1 and 44 @entity1 ; age, 35.6  18 years) with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 who received an @entity737 based on 1 or more arrhythmic risk factors such as @entity1163 , nonsustained @entity1165 , @entity18892 , and inducibility at programmed ventricular stimulation. During follow-up of 58  35 months, 25 @entity1 (24%) had appropriate @entity737 interventions and 17 (16%) had shocks for life-threatening @entity2224 or @entity5069 . At 48 months, the actual survival rate was 100% compared with the @entity2224 / @entity5069 -free survival rate of 77% (log-rank P=0.01). @entity1163 significantly predicted any appropriate @entity737 interventions (hazard ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.83 to 4.67; P=0.013) and shocks for @entity2224 / @entity5069 (hazard ratio, 3.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 5.63; P=0.005). The positive predictive value of programmed ventricular stimulation was 35% for any appropriate @entity737 intervention and 20% for shocks for @entity2224 / @entity5069 , with a negative predictive value of 70% and 74%. None of the 27 asymptomatic @entity1 with isolated @entity18892 had appropriate @entity737 therapy. Twenty @entity1 (19%) had inappropriate @entity737 interventions, and 18 (17%) had device-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: One fourth of @entity1 with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 and no prior sustained @entity1165 or @entity2224 had appropriate @entity737 interventions. @entity1163 was an important predictor of life-saving @entity737 intervention and is an indication for @entity737 . Prophylactic @entity737 may not be indicated in asymptomatic @entity1 because of their low arrhythmic risk regardless of @entity18892 and programmed ventricular stimulation findings. Programmed ventricular stimulation had a low predictive accuracy for @entity737 therapy.

title: Prophylactic implantable defibrillator in XXXX with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 and no prior @entity2224 or sustained @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity18892 :: ('MESH:C566172', 'Disease') :: ['familial sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular flutter']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) plays a dominant role in the epidemiology of @entity1 @entity5 . However, it is difficult to reproduce its carcinogenicity in laboratory animals. Recently, we showed that @entity1981 becomes a potent carcinogen in @entity19 when exposure starts soon after birth. In our study, we comparatively evaluated the carcinogenic response to mainstream @entity1981 in @entity19 at different ages. Neonatal @entity19 were exposed daily for 4 months to @entity1981 , starting within 12 hr after birth, and sacrificed at 8 months. Adult @entity19 were exposed for the same time period (3-7 months) and sacrificed at 11 months. Other @entity19 were exposed transplacentally or both transplacentally and early in life. A total of 351 neonatal @entity19 and 80 adult Swiss H @entity19 were used. With varying intensity depending on age, @entity1981 induced @entity2542 , bronchial and @entity2543 , blood vessel proliferation and @entity2695 and microadenomas in lung as well as @entity409 . Histopathological alterations of kidney were only observed in @entity19 exposed to @entity1981 early in life. Lung @entity652 and @entity5 of various histopathological nature were detected in neonatally exposed @entity19 but not in adults. Transplacental @entity1981 induced the formation of lung @entity652 in the offspring 8 months after birth. Previous exposure during pregnancy attenuated @entity1981 -related @entity2543 induced after birth. In conclusion, the carcinogenic response to @entity1981 varies depending on the developmental stage. The early postnatal life and the prenatal life are particularly at risk for the later development of @entity1981 -related @entity5 .

title: Differential carcinogenicity of cigarette smoke in XXXX exposed either transplacentally, early in life or in adulthood.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal degeneration of liver']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['Cigarette smoke', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between urinary albumin excretion and ultrasonographically assessed morphology of the common carotid artery in @entity101 @entity1 with and without @entity2175 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: An outpatient clinic in a city hospital. @entity1 : @entity101 male @entity1 (n = 25) with @entity2175 and non- @entity6 @entity101 male @entity1 (n = 94) aged 50-72 years, randomly selected from a larger study group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overnight urinary albumin excretion and B-mode ultrasound examinations of the carotid artery. RESULTS: Among the @entity6 @entity1 the logarithm of the overnight urinary albumin excretion was independently and significantly associated with the common carotid artery intima-media thickness, which was also true after adjustment for concomitant @entity65 . In the non- @entity6 group there was no association between intima-media thickness and urinary albumin excretion. No relationship between the occurrence of plaque and urinary albumin excretion was observed in any of the study groups. The results were reproducible at a re-examination after 3 years using the same methods. CONCLUSION: Among the @entity101 @entity1 with @entity2175 , an independent and significant relationship, reproducible after 3 years, was found between urinary albumin excretion and the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery. No such relationship was found in the group of non- @entity6 @entity101 males.

title: Urinary albumin excretion is associated with the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in XXXX males with @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate use of the macromolecular contrast agent @entity16710 for differentiating and grading of @entity1 benign and malignant @entity0 on the basis of their microvascular characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 with 63 primary @entity1558 were examined with dynamic T1-weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after intravenous injection of @entity16710 . A two-compartment unidirectional kinetic model applied to the dynamic data yielded estimates of the endothelial transfer coefficient, KPS, and the fractional plasma volume of the @entity5 . These MR imaging-derived parameters were correlated with the histologic @entity5 grade and quantified according to the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) score by means of Pearson product moment correlation analyses. Differences between malignant and nonmalignant @entity1558 with respect to KPS for @entity16710 were evaluated by means of the chi2 test and by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: Histologic analysis revealed 26 benign and 37 @entity5 . A moderate yet statistically significant correlation between KPS and SBR score was found (R = 0.496, P <.001). No significant correlation was observed between fractional plasma volume and SBR score (R = 0.085, P =.507). The KPS values were zero for 19 (73%) of the 26 @entity5 and were greater than zero for 27 (73%) of the 37 @entity189 . This distribution was significantly different (chi2 = 13.035, P =.001). With the criterion KPS > 0 in @entity189 , sensitivity was 0.73, specificity was 0.73, and the positive predictive value was 0.79. CONCLUSION: Quantitative measures of @entity5 microvascular permeability can be used for @entity0 characterization. The probability of @entity0 microvascular hyperpermeability to be associated with @entity5 is 79%.

title: Quantification of XXXX microvascular permeability with @entity16710 -enhanced MR imaging: initial phase II multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity16710 :: ('MESH:C097921', 'Chemical') :: ['feruglose']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To exploit cervical thin layer brush samples through cytohistology in cases with @entity189 with application of antibodies. STUDY DESIGN: Fourteen cases from @entity1 with @entity189 diagnosed in 2006 were selected out of 29 invasive @entity189 . From these 14 cases liquid-based cervical cytology material was available to prepare cytohistology. Eight @entity1 had @entity957 , 4 endocervical @entity420 , 1 @entity420 . The residual material from the thin layer sample, collected by brushes by general practitioners, was used to prepare paraffin sections. These were stained with the Papanicolaou method and for the biomarkers Ki-67 and @entity986 and, if desired, for differentiation markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity2277 , @entity5822 and @entity2225 to establish the immunoprofile of the @entity189 . RESULTS: The morphologic details in the @entity5 nuclei in the paraffin sections were excellent, while in all cases the thin layer cytology slide contained thick epithelial fragments with blurred nuclei. In 5 of the 6 @entity420 , the glandular architecture diagnostic of @entity420 was visible in the cytohistology, which was highlighted in the biomarker stainings, particularly so in the Ki-67 sections. With the exception of @entity1204 , all @entity986 ( @entity986 ) stainings were positive, as they were in the @entity43 case. CONCLUSION: Cytohistology is an adjunct to routine cervical cytologic examination of thin layer samples, allowing an unequivocal and refined diagnosis.

title: Exploiting the residual of cervical thin layer brush samples through cytohistology in cases with XXXX with application of antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma and 1 ovarian adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['invasive carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity14 is one of the most common @entity5 in the world as well as in Iran. There are differences in subsite of the @entity189 when considering age and gender. This study was designed to describe the distribution of @entity14 by age at diagnosis, gender, and subsite of the @entity5 . These factors also are evaluated in conjunction with disease stage and @entity5 differentiation at the time of diagnosis. METHODS: Data from 419 @entity1 from a population that receives no screening between April 1995 and March 2001 operated on in the @entity5 Institute and Imam Khomieni Hospital with a diagnosis of @entity14 were used to describe distribution of the @entity14 by age, gender, @entity5 subsite and pathology, and stage at diagnosis. RESULTS: There were 403 (96.2 percent) cases of @entity420 . Males and females constituted 52.4 and 47.6 percent of cases, respectively. The mean age was 52.3 years. @entity1 were divided into two age groups (40 years and younger, and older than 40 years); 16.4 percent of @entity1 had @entity5 in the proximal colon and 83.6 percent in distal parts. Most @entity1 were Stage II and III (48.1 and 33.4 percent, respectively). @entity5 subsite distribution was almost the same between the two age groups (aged 40 years and younger: proximal, 18.5 percent, and distal, 81.5 percent; older than aged 40 years: proximal, 15.7 percent, and distal, 84.3 percent). Most @entity1 in the younger age group were Stage III (45 percent) and in the older age group were Stage II (53.2 percent; P<0.001). @entity5 differentiation proportions in @entity1 aged 40 years and younger were: good, 24.4 percent; moderate, 53.6 percent; poor, 22 percent; and in @entity1 older than aged 40 years were: good, 41.5 percent; moderate, 52.6 percent; poor, 5.9 percent (P<0.001). There were no differences in stage and @entity5 differentiation between two genders, but most of the @entity1 with @entity5 in proximal colon were males (62.5 percent; P=0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the @entity14 were in distal parts in our study, so most of these @entity189 can be detected by proctosigmoidoscopy. Because younger @entity1 had more advanced disease, the importance of screening and "clinical suspicion" in the young is important.

title: XXXX : a retrospective, descriptive study of age, gender, subsite, stage, and differentiation in Iran from 1995 to 2001 as observed in Tehran University.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We estimate the prevalence of @entity3147 among older @entity1 presenting to an @entity341 ( @entity341 ) in the southeastern United States and identify subgroups at increased risk. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with random time block sampling of cognitively intact @entity1 aged 65  years and older. Nutrition was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (0 to 14 scale), with @entity3147 defined as a score of 7 or less and at risk for @entity3147 defined as a score of 8 to 11. The presence of @entity308 was defined as a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression-10 score of 4 or more (0 to 10 scale). RESULTS: Among 138 older adults, 16% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11% to 23%) were malnourished and 60% (95% CI  52% to 68%) were either malnourished or at risk for @entity3147 . Seventeen of the 22 malnourished @entity1 (77%)  denied previously receiving a diagnosis of @entity3147 . The prevalence of @entity3147 was not appreciably different between @entity1 and @entity1 , across levels of @entity1 education, or between those living in urban and rural areas. However, the prevalence of @entity3147 was higher among @entity1 with @entity308 (52%), those residing in assisted living (44%), those with difficulty eating (38%), and those reporting difficulty buying groceries (33%). CONCLUSION: Among a random sample of cognitively intact older @entity341 @entity1 , more than half were malnourished or at risk for @entity3147 , and the majority of malnourished @entity1 had not previously received a diagnosis. Higher rates of @entity3147 among individuals with @entity308 , difficulty eating, and difficulty buying groceries suggest the need to explore multifaceted interventions.

title: XXXX among cognitively intact, noncritically ill older adults in the @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Malnutrition']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Transoral treatment of cricopharyngeal bar and small @entity15809 remains a challenge. We propose a new transoral approach for transoral cricopharyngeal myotomy (TOCPM) for @entity1 with @entity2473 and pharyngeal bar, and for @entity7261 ( @entity7261 ) with cricopharyngeal myotomy in the @entity1 with small (<3 cm) @entity15809 . METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 45 @entity1 with @entity2473 (21) and @entity15809 (24), where 14 @entity1 were considered suitable for @entity7261 and TOCPM. TOCPM used the Weerda laryngoscope (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) to expose the cricopharyngeal bar using a microscope; the mucosa is cut and then the muscle is transected using monopolar cautery. A 0 degrees endoscope is inserted through the incision to ensure complete myotomy. Incision closure is by interrupted 4-0 Vicryl sutures (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ) and fibrin glue. For the @entity7261 procedure, the diverticular sac is everted and then resected using scissors. Through the sac opening, the TOCPM is completed. The sac opening is then closed as described in TOCPM. The @entity1 are kept without food for 24 hours, followed by feeding and discharge. @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) evaluated functional results. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 underwent TOCPM (eight), and TOCPM+ @entity7261 (six). There was one case of TOCPM that was aborted due to excessive @entity548 , which prevented full myotomy. The rest did well. All were discharged the next day. Two poor results from the TOCPM and TOCPM+ @entity7261 group were due to poor esophageal motility. The remainder of @entity1 had resolution of @entity1282 and normalized @entity1282 . No @entity1 developed @entity850 or complications. CONCLUSIONS: Short segment @entity15809 and cricopharyngeal bar can now be addressed completely with a transoral approach. Because there is complete closure of the mucosal incision, prolonged hospitalization can be avoided.

title: Transoral resection of short segment XXXX and cricopharyngeal myotomy: an alternative minimally invasive approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['TORD', 'transoral resection of diverticula']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['cricopharyngeal spasm']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ["Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Modified barium swallow', 'MBS', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker's diverticulum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to evaluate the relative association of several components of blood pressure (BP), as measured in the office and by ambulatory monitoring (ABPM), with clinically useful indicators of target organ damage and cardiovascular events (CE) in essential @entity101 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHOD: We retrospectively included 390 @entity101 (55% @entity1 ; mean age: 56 years) between 1989 and 1998. All them had a baseline office BP measurement and a valid 24-hour ABPM record, both performed while the @entity1 was free of antihypertensive therapy. Estimates of target organ damage included electrocardiographic indexes of @entity4346 (Cornell and Sokolow-Lyon), serum @entity1011 , 24-hour urine protein excretion and @entity1011 clearance. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between BP and target organ damage or CE. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 had CE (26 @entity64 , 18 @entity583 and 5 both). The BP parameter correlating better with cardiovascular events was office pulse pressure (multivariate odds ratio: 1.03; CI 95%: 1.00-1.05; p = 0.0095). Nevertheless, cardiac growth indexes correlated better with ABPM measurements. In fact, Cornell index correlated with night-time systolic BP (standardized regression coefficient beta: 0.260; p < 0.001) and Sokolow-Lyon index correlated with day-time systolic BP ( beta: 0.257; p < 0.001). @entity1011 clearance inversely correlated with night-time pulse pressure ( beta: 0.122; p = 0.017) while @entity644 correlated better with 24-hour systolic BP ( beta: 0.390; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Whereas office BP (especially pulse pressure) is associated with the development of CE, ABPM estimates show a better association with target organ damage, especially systolic and pulse pressures.

title: [Impact of components and methods of measurement of blood pressure on damage of target organs and cardiovascular complications in arterial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity968 (Klean-Prep, @entity10456 ) is widely used for bowel cleansing in the United Kingdom. This study compares the efficacy, acceptability and adverse effects of a @entity968 ( @entity970 ) solution with @entity10457 (Fleet Phospho-soda, De Witt) for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. Two hundred and nine consecutive @entity1 were prospectively randomised to either @entity970 or @entity10457 (SP) preparation. The endoscopist was blinded to the randomisation process. Fifty @entity1 were excluded from the study because of previous colectomies or incomplete data. Of the remaining 159 @entity1 , 88 had been randomised to the @entity970 group and 71 to the SP group. There was no difference in sex distribution between the groups. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of @entity1 acceptability, side effects ( @entity390 / @entity391 and abdominal cramps), adequacy of bowel preparation and colonoscopy completion rates. 74% of the @entity970 and 70.4% of the SP group were rated by the endoscopist as having good or excellent bowel preparation. @entity10457 is well tolerated without additional side effects when compared with @entity970 solution. Both solutions were found to be equally effective in bowel cleansing.

title: A prospective randomised study comparing @entity968 and XXXX bowel cleansing solutions for colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate', 'Sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene glycol', 'polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity10457 :: (MESH:C018279,Chemical) :: ['sodium phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The sacrococcygeal @entity66 affects relatively young @entity1 , causing much nuisance and many lost working days. The ideal treatment should be simple, allowing a speedy recovery with short hospitalization while affording a permanent cure. Currently, many treatment options are available; unfortunately, none of them is ideal and each has its own recurrence rate. In this study, we wanted to emphasize the effectiveness of sinotomy in sacrococcygeal @entity2869 by single-surgeon's experience. METHODS: Single-surgeon's experience of 59 @entity2869 @entity1 was reviewed at single-institute between July 2005 and December 2006. 2% @entity5403 was injected for local anesthesia and sinotomy technique was performed. All @entity1 were discharged at postoperative second hour and were followed up for a minimum 1 year. RESULTS: Median age of the 59 @entity1 was 24 (14-56) years. Forty-six (77.96%) of them were male and 13 (22.03%) of them were female. Healing completed in 1 month and almost all the @entity1 were able to return to work the following day. We proudly have no recurrence at our mean follow up time of 16 months (range: 12-24 months). Our complication rate was 1.69%. CONCLUSION: Sinotomy has the advantages of simplicity, the possibility to operate under local anesthesia with excellent recurrence rate of 0% (Ref. 9). Full Text (Free, @entity14305 ) www.bmj.sk.

title: A single-surgeon, single-institute experience of 59 sinotomies for sacrococcygeal XXXX under local anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['Prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal disease']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus', 'pilonidal sinus disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pilonidal disease']


abstract: Object @entity131 ( @entity131 ) represents a large health and economic burden. Because of the inability of previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on @entity131 to demonstrate the expected benefit of reducing unfavorable outcomes, the IMPACT (International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in @entity131 ) and CRASH (Corticosteroid Randomisation After Significant @entity542 ) studies provided new methods for performing prognostic studies of @entity131 . This study aimed to develop and externally validate a prognostic model for @entity204 (within 48 hours). The secondary aim was to identify @entity1 who were more likely to succumb to an @entity204 to limit their inclusion in RCTs and to improve the efficiency of RCTs. Methods The derivation cohort was recruited at 1 center, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (1990-2003, 925 @entity1 ). The validation cohort was recruited in 2004-2006 from 7 study centers (374 @entity1 ). The eligible @entity1 had suffered closed severe @entity131 . The study outcome was @entity204 (within 48 hours post- @entity131 ). The predictors were selected using logistic regression modeling with bootstrapping techniques, and a penalized reduction was used. A risk score was developed based on the regression coefficients of the variables included in the final model. Results In the validation set, the final model showed a predictive ability of 50% (Nagelkerke R(2)), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 89% and an acceptable calibration (goodness-of-fit test, p = 0.32). The final model included 7 variables, and it was used to develop a risk score with a range from 0 to 20 points. Age provided 0, 1, 2, or 3 points depending on the age group; motor score provided 0 points, 2 (untestable), or 3 (no response); pupillary reactivity, 0, 2 (1 pupil reacted), or 6 (no pupil reacted); shock, 0 (no) or 2 (yes); @entity510 , 0 or 1 (severe deposit); cisternal status, 0 or 3 (compressed/absent); and @entity4282 , 0 (yes) or 2 (no). Based on the risk of @entity204 estimated with the model, 4 risk of @entity204 groups were established: low risk, sum score 0-3 (< 1% predicted mortality); moderate risk, sum score 4-8 (predicted mortality between 1% and 10%); high risk, sum score 9-12 (probability of @entity204 between 10% and 50%); and very high risk, sum score 13-20 (early mortality probability > 50%). This score could be used for selecting @entity1 for clinical studies. For example, if @entity1 with very high risk scores were excluded from our study sample, the @entity1 included (eligibility score < 13) would represent 80% of the original sample and only 23% of the @entity1 who died early. Conclusions The combination of Glasgow @entity772 Scale score, CT scanning results, and secondary insult data into a prognostic score improved the prediction of @entity204 and the classification of @entity131 @entity1 .

title: Validation of a prognostic score for early mortality in severe XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBIs', 'TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injury']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the internal validity of the physical activity index (PAI). DESIGN: Three time periods over a 26-year period (1965/68 examination, n = 7911; 1980/82 examination, n = 2054; 1991/93 examination, n = 3425). SETTING: Honolulu, Hawaii. @entity1 : Middle-aged to older Japanese-American @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: PAI, other physical activity measures, body mass index (BMI), tricep skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, and HDL @entity165 . RESULTS: PAI levels was associated significantly with levels of other physical activity measures at all time periods. Higher PAI level was associated with lower BMI at the baseline examination (1965/68), lower subscapular skinfold thickness at the 1965/68 and 1980/82 examinations, lower tricep skinfold thickness at all examinations, and higher HDL @entity165 at the 1980/82 examination. Change in PAI level from 1965/68 to 1980/82 was associated with change in BMI, subscapular, and tricep skinfold thickness levels, but there were no significant associations between change in PAI level and change in BMI, skinfold thicknesses, or HDL @entity165 levels from 1980/82 to 1991/93. CONCLUSION: PAI level is a relatively valid estimate of overall daily energy expenditure that may be an acceptable general measure across the middle-to-late stages of life. The PAI may also be sensitive enough to discern a shift toward less physical demanding activities as a population becomes older, although further studies should be conducted to better determine its validity in older populations.

title: Internal validity of the physical activity index over 26 years in middle-aged and older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have improved treatment options for @entity323 ( @entity323 ). In case of unresponsiveness to PDE5i, alternative therapies are considered. AIM: To evaluate whether combination of @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and @entity7856 i is effective as salvage therapy in subjects with @entity323 in whom PDE5i alone failed. METHODS: From September 2007 to May 2008, we evaluated 69 @entity1 (aged 36-82 years) in whom PDE5i treatment at the highest recommended dose, with at least 4-6 attempts at intercourse during a 3 months period, had failed. The clinical efficacy of combination therapy was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire, @entity24904 , @entity24905 , and Global @entity1 Assessment Scale (GPAS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores on IIEF-5, @entity24906 , and GPAS before and after combination therapy were measured. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of combination therapy, the mean IIEF-5 score increased significantly over baseline from 9.0 to 17.6 (P < 0.001). Of the 34 subjects with a @entity24904 response of "no" at baseline, 27 (79%) responded "yes" after combination therapy (P < 0.001). Of the 50 subjects with a @entity24905 response of "no" at baseline, 35 (70%) responded "yes" after combination therapy (P < 0.001). Furthermore, of the 42 subjects with a GPAS response of "not at all" or "slightly" improved at baseline, 31 (74%) responded "moderately" or "greatly" improved after combination therapy (P < 0.001). One subject (1.5%) experienced device-related intermittent @entity546 , which resolved after 4 days without any action. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant improvements over baseline were seen in IIEF-5, @entity24906 , and GPAS measures following 4 weeks of combination therapy of PDE5i and @entity1652 . This study supports the use of @entity7856 i with @entity1652 in @entity1 in whom PDE5i alone failed. This combination therapy may be offered to @entity1 not satisfied with PDE5i alone before being switched to more invasive alternatives.

title: Combination of @entity1652 and @entity7856 inhibitors as salvage therapy in @entity7856 inhibitor nonresponders with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity24904 :: ('23157', 'Gene') :: ['SEP-2', 'Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP)-2']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['vacuum erection device', 'VED']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile pain']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: A 268-base pair 5' distal fragment, SX2, which mediates basal level and inducer-dependent activation of the @entity19 @entity10183 gene, contains two @entity9829 ( @entity9829 ) binding sites (Alam, J., and Zhining, D. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21894-21900). Mutation of both @entity9829 binding elements diminishes (by 50-70%), but does not abolish, the enhancer activity of SX2 in transient expression assays, suggesting that other sequences contribute to enhancer function. Directly upstream of the @entity9829 binding sites are two copies of a sequence motif, TGAGGAAAT, which resemble elements found in cellular and viral genes that are known to interact with the @entity16509 ( @entity16509 ) family of transcription factors. These SX2 sequences bind specifically to liver-enriched, heat-stable nuclear proteins and confer @entity16509 -dependent transactivation of the heterologous @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Site-directed mutagenesis of these 9-base pair elements abolishes protein binding and transactivation, establishing these sequences as functional @entity16509 binding sites. Stably transfected SX2/CAT fusion genes are induced between 37- and 44-fold in @entity19 @entity157 , Hepa, cells and between 52- and 111-fold in @entity19 fibroblast L929 cells in response to @entity10278 treatment. Subfragments of SX2 lacking the @entity9829 binding elements do not mediate @entity3409 -dependent activation of the CAT gene, whereas subfragments containing the @entity9829 binding elements, but lacking the @entity16509 binding sites, exhibit only partial transcriptional activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of one or more of the @entity16509 and @entity9829 binding sites indicates that each of these elements is required for optimal activity of the SX2 enhancer fragment. The @entity9829 binding elements, however, appear to be more important for induction as constructs containing multiple copies of either of the @entity9829 binding elements, but not the @entity16509 binding sequences, are readily activated by @entity10278 . Treatment of Hepa cells with @entity3409 or @entity1446 does not alter the nuclear concentration of @entity9829 or @entity16509 binding activity.

title: Multiple elements within the 5' distal enhancer of the @entity19 XXXX gene mediate induction by heavy metals.

entities_list: @entity16509 :: ('12606(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein', 'C/EBP alpha', 'C/EBP']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity10183 :: (15368(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['heme oxygenase-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) recently issued guidance on the management of @entity170 and the prevention of @entity174 . The aim of this paper was to critically review the guidance. The SIGN guidance utilises risk factors for @entity174 as an initial step for assessment, but recommends treatment only in individuals with a T-score of -2.5. There are many problems with the sole use of @entity1555 as the sole gateway to treatment. Moreover, the assessment tools to determine risk (FRAX or QFracture) are not designed to detect @entity170 but rather @entity174 risk. Whereas SIGN assumes that FRAX overestimates @entity174 probability, there are compelling reasons to believe that the disparity is related to the inadequate calibration of QFracture. The disparities make the use of a single threshold for @entity1555 testing problematic. The SIGN guidance for @entity1 at high risk of @entity174 provides a set of @entity911 and inconsistent recommendations that are in direct conflict with regulatory authorizations and is likely to increase further the large treatment gap in @entity1 . For @entity1 , the number of @entity1 eligible for treatment (i.e. with @entity170 ) is 81,700 with the use of FRAX but only 12,300 with QFracture representing 8.2 and 1.2  % of the total population at risk, respectively. We conclude that serious problems with the SIGN guidance preclude its implementation.

title: SIGN Guidelines for Scotland: XXXX Versus FRAX Versus QFracture.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confused']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['BMD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is still associated with a poor prognosis due to local recurrence and @entity3 . @entity5 -associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the complex processes of @entity5 stroma interaction and tumorigenesis. This study aims to determine the role of CAFs in the development and progression of @entity957 . METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of CAFs in 178 paraffin specimens from @entity1 with @entity957 . Immunofluorescence, a cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry, migration and invasion assays and western blot analysis were used to study the effects of CAFs and the corresponding conditioned medium (CM) on the proliferation and invasion of @entity957 cell lines. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the frequency and distribution of CAFs and the clinicopathological characteristics of @entity1 with cN0 @entity957 , including pathological stage (P  =  0.001), T classification (P  =  0.001), and N classification (P  =  0.009). Survival analysis demonstrated a negative correlation of the frequency and distribution of CAFs with the overall survival and disease-free survival of @entity1 with @entity1544 (P  =  0.009, 0.002, respectively); Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of CAFs (relative risk: 2.113, CI 1.461-3.015, P  =  0.023) is an independent prognostic factor. A functional study demonstrated that CAFs and CM from CAFs could promote the growth, proliferation, mobility, invasion and even Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of @entity957 cells compared with NFs and CM from NFs. CONCLUSIONS: CAFs were an independent prognostic factor for @entity1 with @entity957 . Compared with NFs, CAFs and their CM have the ability to promote the growth, proliferation, @entity3 and even EMT of @entity957 cells.

title: XXXX -associated fibroblasts provide a suitable microenvironment for @entity5 development and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OTSCC', 'Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['cN0 tongue squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A cerebral CT scan is routinely performed in all @entity1 evaluated for @entity510 . Quick and accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance in such @entity1 , but the accuracy and value of the initial CT scan has not been fully established. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Initial CT scans of 70 @entity1 (45 @entity1 ) with @entity510 were reviewed retrospectively. Cerebral CT scans were performed without intravenous contrast and evaluated independently by two observers. RESULTS: CT scans were positive for blood in the cerebrospinal fluid spaces in 64 out of 70 @entity1 (91%). Blood was most frequently seen in basal cisterns (75%), Sylvian Fissure (73%) and cerebral cortical sulci (67%). Evidence of @entity428 was present in 26 @entity1 (41%). The site of the @entity1756 could be localised by CT with high accuracy only in @entity1756 of the middle cerebral artery. The median time from symptom onset to examination was significantly higher in @entity1 with a normal than a pathological CT scan (87 hours vs. 4 hours, p < 0.001). A lumbar puncture was positive for blood in all six @entity1 with a normal CT scan. INTERPRETATION: This study demonstrates that a lumbal puncture should be performed after a normal cerebral CT scan if @entity510 is clinically suspected.

title: [Cerebral computer tomography in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'subarachnoidal haemorrhage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: In a randomized control study comprising 261 @entity1 undergoing transurethral prostatic resection (TUR), the effect of a short perioperative course with the oral combination of @entity4679 / @entity4680 (PAPM) was analysed in 129 @entity1 . The study was divided in 2 parts: the first 60 @entity1 received 450 mg and the following 69 @entity1 , 900 mg every 12 h until removal of catheter but not longer than for 1 week. 132 controls received parenterally 1 g of @entity3524 (CFT) daily throughout the study. During the first part of the study the frequency of @entity793 in the PAPM group was 43% preoperatively and 30% 10 days postoperatively, during the second part 47% and 12%, respectively (p less than 0.025). In the CFT group the frequency of @entity793 was reduced from 52% preoperatively to 28% postoperatively. The prophylactic effect (i.e. the protection against acquired @entity793 ) was 96% and 92% in the PAPM and the CFT groups, respectively. Preoperative @entity793 was eliminated in 40% of the @entity1 during first part and 69% during second part in the PAPM group, while corresponding figures were 48% and 46% in the @entity3524 group. There were 2 cases of @entity295 and 5 of upper @entity293 throughout the study evenly distributed between the two groups. Oral @entity4679 / @entity4680 900 mg every 12 h was found to be a good alternative for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis at TUR.

title: The effectiveness of a short perioperative course with @entity4679 / XXXX in transurethral prostatic resection: clinical results.

entities_list: @entity4679 :: ('MESH:D010917', 'Chemical') :: ['pivampicillin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity4680 :: ('MESH:D000561', 'Chemical') :: ['pivmecillinam']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity4680 :: (MESH:D000561,Chemical) :: ['pivmecillinam']


abstract: Donor-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can induce long-term acceptance in a @entity35 heart transplantation model when injected prior to transplantation in combination with @entity618 ( @entity2098 ). In contrast, MSC alone cause accelerated graft rejection. To better understand these conflicting data we studied the effects of MSC and @entity2098 on lymphocyte populations in heart allografts and secondary lymphatic organs. Allogeneic MSC injected prior to transplantation are immunogenic in this model because activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells emerged earlier in secondary lymphatic organs of MSC- and MSC/ @entity2098 -treated animals, compared to animals not treated with MSC. Consequently T cells infiltrated the grafts of MSC-only treated animals promptly causing accelerated graft rejection. However, few T cells or @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) infiltrated the grafts of animals treated with MSC and @entity2098 . Consistent with this finding, @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ) and E-selectin was down-regulated exclusively in MSC/ @entity2098 -treated grafts, indicating that MSC together with @entity2098 interfere with endothelial activation. Additionally, the presence of @entity3692 (IFN-y) enhanced MSC capabilities to suppress T cell proliferation in vitro. Interestingly, @entity2098 did not influence serum IFN-y levels in vivo. Together, our data indicate that MSC pre-activate T cells, but co-treatment with @entity2098 eliminates these T cells, decreases intragraft @entity1358 and T cell trafficking by inhibiting endothelial activation, and allows IFN-y stimulation of suppressive MSC.

title: Mesenchymal stem cells together with XXXX inhibit antigen presenting cell and T cell infiltration into allogeneic heart grafts.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen-presenting cells']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: Bone marrow hairy cells were examined in 36 @entity1 with @entity5734 . Cytograms per 100 of hairy cells were assessed in all the @entity1 . Leukemic cell size, cytoplasm profile, shape of the nucleus, and share of granular cells were under study. Cytochemical examination of hairy cells was carried out in 26 @entity1 . Acid phosphatase and its tartrate inhibition, nonspecific @entity18617 esterase, acid nonspecific esterase, and PAS reaction were investigated. In 15 @entity1 hairy cells were immunologically examined using immunocytochemical APAAP method with IKO monoclonal antibodies 1, 91, 20, 124, 115, 92, 105, 30, 31, 86, 80, 87, GM-1. Morphologically two types of hairy cells were detectable: typical, with torn villose cytoplasm with numerous processes, and cells with clearly shaped scalloped cytoplasm. The two types did not differ by nuclear shape or size, presence of granules, but differed by their functions. Process hairy cells were characterized by features most typical of these cells: presence of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase and @entity10317 (IKO91) B-cellular marker in the phenotype. In scalloped hairy cells cytochemical and immunological signs were less manifest.

title: [Morphofunctional heterogeneity of leukemic cells in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity18617 :: ('MESH:C027876', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-naphthylacetate']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukemia']

answer: @entity5734 :: (MESH:D007943,Disease) :: ['hairy cell leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 and injury are considered to contribute considerably to the development and progression of @entity731 . It has been suggested that intense exercise training can increase the number and angiogenic properties of early endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, whether exercise training stimulates the capacity of early EPCs to promote repair of endothelial damage and potential underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of moderate exercise training on in vivo endothelial repair capacity of early EPCs, and their @entity842 and @entity224 production as characterized by electron spin resonance spectroscopy analysis in subjects with @entity209 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four subjects with @entity209 were randomized to an 8 weeks exercise training or a control group. @entity224 production and @entity842 (NO) availability of early EPCs were characterized by using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy analysis. In vivo endothelial repair capacity of EPCs was examined by transplantation into @entity19 with defined carotid endothelial injury. Endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation was analysed using high-resolution ultrasound. Importantly, exercise training resulted in a substantially improved in vivo endothelial repair capacity of early EPCs (24.0 vs 12.7%; p   <   0.05) and improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation. @entity842 production of EPCs was substantially increased after exercise training, but not in the control group. Moreover, exercise training reduced @entity224 production of EPCs, which was not observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests for the first time that moderate exercise training increases @entity842 production of early endothelial progenitor cells and reduces their @entity224 production. Importantly, this is associated with a marked beneficial effect on the in vivo endothelial repair capacity of early EPCs in subjects with @entity209 .

title: Exercise training improves in vivo endothelial repair capacity of early endothelial progenitor cells in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A retrospective review of surgical @entity1204 was performed to evaluate clinical course, treatment, recurrence rate, and survival. METHODS: A list of @entity1 with clinical and surgical @entity1204 was obtained through the @entity5 registry and from the pathology department from 1988 to 1996. Data were collected on all cases of @entity1 with @entity1204 meeting stage II criteria by FIGO surgical staging. Variables including stage, histology, grade, @entity1350 ( @entity1350 ), type and extent of surgery, radiation type and amount, smoking, menstrual status, parity, and age were evaluated for their predictive ability of disease recurrence. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the potential predictors of time to relapse univariately and multivariately. RESULTS: Of @entity1 identified, 65 underwent primary surgical staging. Only @entity420 were included. Mean follow-up time was 4.7 years (range 0.2-9.6 years). Postoperative radiation was given to 85.7% of @entity1 . There were 10 @entity1 (15.4%) with recurrence of disease with a mean time to recurrence of 25 months. Five-year disease-specific survival was 93%. The only significant predictor of time to relapse was @entity1350 (P = 0.002) in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: This retrospective review suggests that primary surgery followed by postoperative radiation therapy gives excellent results in surgical @entity34 . @entity1350 appears to be a strong predictor of disease recurrence regardless of postoperative radiation therapy. It is difficult to draw conclusions about the type and amount of radiation given because recurrence rate is so low; however, it is reasonable to continue adjuvant radiation especially in cases where @entity1350 is identified.

title: Predictors of recurrence in surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'stage II endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['lymph vascular space invasion', 'LVI']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['stage II endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Endogenous albumin was revealed with high resolution in the glomerular wall of renal tissue from normoglycaemic and long-term @entity3839 -induced hyperglycaemic @entity35 applying the protein A-gold immunocytochemical approach. In tissues from normal animals, albumin antigenic sites were detected at the level of the endothelial cell basal plasma membrane and in the subendothelial side of the lamina densa of the glomerular basal laminae. The epithelial side of the laminae was weakly labelled, while the urinary space was devoid of labelling. In the podocytes, labelling for albumin was confined to few lysosomal structures. In @entity6 animals, concomitant with hyperglycaemy, low insulin levels, significant @entity10200 , @entity644 and @entity633 , the glomerular basal laminae displayed the characteristic increase in thickness found in @entity532 (404 +/- 45 nm versus 190 +/- 10 nm). Major basal laminae deposits were also found in the mesangial regions. Albumin antigenic sites were detected throughout the entire thickness of the glomerular basal laminae without any preferential accumulation at any particular site. Labelling was also found over flocculent material present in the urinary space. Numerous densely labelled lysosomal structures were present in the podocytes. The basal laminae deposits in the mesangial regions were labelled for albumin. Morphometrical evaluations made on the distribution of the labelling confirmed the qualitative observations. Two sites for albumin retention were revealed in the glomerular wall of the normal animal: the endothelial cell basal membrane (less than 10 nm) and the subendothelial side of the lamina densa (50 nm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution of endogenous albumin in the glomerular wall of @entity3839 -induced XXXX @entity35 as revealed by high-resolution immunocytochemistry.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: PURPOSE: Increasing evidence indicates that enhanced intratumoral @entity342 synthesis contributes to @entity263 progression after @entity342 deprivation therapy. This phase II study was designed to assess responses to blocking multiple steps in @entity342 synthesis with inhibitors of @entity9667 ( @entity3102 ) and type I and II 5alpha-reductases ( @entity16503 ) in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity263 were continued on gonadal suppression and treated with @entity3102 (400 mg thrice daily), @entity701 (30 mg/AM, 10 mg/PM), and @entity16503 (0.5 mg/d). RESULTS: @entity1486 response rate (> or =50% decline) was 56% (32 of 57; 95% confidence interval, 42.4-69.3%); the median duration of response was 20 months. In @entity1 with measurable disease, 6 of 20 (30%) responded by the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 . Median duration of treatment was 8 months; 9 @entity1 remained on therapy with treatment durations censored at 18 to 32 months. Median time to progression was 14.5 months. Grade 3 @entity137 occurred in 32% with only one reported grade 4 ( @entity715 ) @entity137 . @entity9027 declined by 89%, @entity2671 by 56%, and @entity251 by 66%, and @entity586 declined to below detectable levels compared with baseline levels with testicular suppression alone. Median baseline levels and declines in @entity9027 , @entity2671 , @entity251 , and @entity586 were not statistically different in the responders versus nonresponders, and hormone levels were not significantly increased from nadir levels at relapse. CONCLUSION: The response proportion to @entity3102 , @entity701 , and @entity16503 was at least comparable with previous studies of @entity3102 alone, whereas time to progression was substantially longer. Combination therapies targeting multiple steps in @entity342 synthesis warrant further investigation.

title: Phase II study of @entity342 synthesis inhibition with XXXX , @entity701 , and @entity16503 in asymptomatic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate', 'dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity16503 :: ('MESH:C108373', 'Chemical') :: ['dutasteride']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: Clinical efficacy and safety of @entity5504 (long active cefaclor (CCL)) and CCL were compared by a double-blind study using 248 @entity1 with bacterial @entity3617 . @entity1 were orally administered with either 375 mg of @entity5504 2 times or 250 mg of @entity10557 times daily for 7 days, and the following results were obtained. Clinical efficacy judged by a committee: The efficacy rates on acute @entity3617 were 87.2% for @entity5504 and 82.6% for CCL, and the efficacy rates on chronic @entity3617 were 70.3% for S 6472 and 64.7% for CCL. There was no significant difference between the 2 drugs in clinical efficacy. Clinical efficacy judged by doctors in charge: Results of the clinical efficacy judged by doctors in charge were similar to the efficacy judged by the committee. Bacteriological efficacy judged by the committee: Eradication rate for the @entity5504 group was 71.1% (32 of 45 @entity1 ) and that for the CCL group was 67.4% (29 of 43 @entity1 ). There was no significant difference between the 2 drugs in the bacteriological efficacy. Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings: Side effects were observed in 5 cases (4.2%) in the @entity5504 group and in 5 cases (4.0%) in the CCL group. These side effects, however, were not serious, and no remarkable abnormal laboratory values were observed. There was no significant difference between the 2 drugs in the incidence of side effects or abnormal laboratory findings. Clinical utility: When the clinical utility was expressed by the utility rate (very useful and useful), it was 79.5% in the @entity5504 group (117 @entity1 ) and 76.2% in the CCL group (122 @entity1 ) (judged by the committee). When the utility was judged by doctors in charge, it was 73.3% in @entity5504 group (120 @entity1 ) and 71.4% in CCL group (126 @entity1 ). From the above results, it has been concluded that @entity5504 taken twice daily is equivalent to CCL in effectiveness on bacterial @entity3617 .

title: [A double-blind comparative study on the efficacy of @entity5504 , cefaclor, in the treatment of bacterial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded from 22 @entity1 (mean age 33.7 years) with @entity7960 , 15 of whom also had a detailed neuro-ophthalmological assessment prior to the VEP examination. None had noted symptomatic @entity227 . Eleven of the 15 (73 per cent) examined clinically had one or more neuro-ophthalmic abnormality and 14/22 (64 per cent) had an abnormal VEP study which was always binocular and comprised absent responses, or most commonly, increased @entity7286 component latencies. The maximum @entity7286 latency was 143 ms and the group mean was 118 ms. The @entity7286 amplitude was also generally reduced particularly in those @entity1 with latencies less than 115 ms (upper limit of normal), while in those with latencies above the normal range there was a significant inverse correlation between the @entity7286 amplitude and latency. The waveform, temporal dispersion and interocular differences were normal in almost all @entity1 with identifiable responses, including those with prolonged VEP latencies. Electroretinograms recorded from three selected @entity1 were either normal or minimally abnormal and suggested secondary rather than primary retinal involvement. The only VEP parameter to correlate with either the duration of the generalized disease or the visual acuity was the @entity7286 amplitude. A good correlation was found between the VEP and the clinical neuro-ophthalmic findings. Temporal pallor of the optic disc was most often associated with an abnormal VEP result and @entity227 were uncommon in the absence of @entity227 . The VEP changes and those obtained from 24 age- and acuity-matched cases of demyelinating @entity7995 are contrasted and the probable pathophysiology is discussed. Two main conclusions emerge from this study. First, there is a high incidence of asymptomatic visual pathway involvement in @entity7960 which can be demonstrated by both clinical and VEP examination. Secondly, the VEP changes in @entity7960 differ from those found in typical demyelinating @entity1781 and are consistent with progressive nerve fibre loss and associated slowing of conduction, indicating that the visual pathway is affected by the same widespread process of @entity528 found throughout the nervous system.

title: The incidence and nature of visual pathway involvement in XXXX . A clinical and visual evoked potential study of 22 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VEP abnormalities', 'visual impairment', 'impaired visual acuity or colour vision']

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ["Friedreich's ataxia"]

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity7960 :: (MESH:D005621,Disease) :: ['Friedreich's ataxia']