abstract: Treatment results in 193 @entity1 with medium and large postoperative @entity4037 were analyzed. All @entity1 were divided into 2 groups. 66 @entity1 operated according to autoplastic methods formed the control group. 127 @entity1 undergoing abdominal wall grafting with use of cellular @entity7502 implant formed the main group. Sublay method was used in 48 @entity1 , onlay--in 38 @entity1 , Rives-Stoppa method--in 41 @entity1 . Frequency of @entity260 and @entity547 relapses were taken into account for comparative evaluation of surgical treatment results. @entity547 relapses developed in 56 @entity1 from the control group and in 115 @entity1 from the main group. Basing on the authors' data autoplastic methods are accompanied by @entity532 (infiltration, suppuration, @entity2080 , haematoma) in 7.9% of observations, alloplastic methods--in 22.8% (chi2 = 6.36, p<0.05). In the control group @entity547 relapse developed in 18 @entity1 (32.1%), in the main group--in 6 @entity1 (5.2%) (chi2 = 22.63, p<0.001). @entity547 relapse was revealed when using onlay method in 8.6% of observations, Rives-Stoppa--in 5.4%, sublay--in 2.3% of observations (chi2 = 1.53, p>0.05). Authors consider that it is necessary to use diverse alloplasic methods treating median postoperative hernias of medium and big sizes. Preference should be given to sublay method.

title: [Experience in treatment of postoperative XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['local wound complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['local wound postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia', 'hernia']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernias']


abstract: An approach to broaden the product range of the ethanologenic, gram-negative bacterium @entity15548 by means of genetic engineering is presented. Gene alaD for @entity5098 dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1.) from @entity11304 was cloned and introduced into @entity15548 . Under the control of the strong promoter of the @entity2388 decarboxylase (pdc) gene, the enzyme was expressed up to a specific activity of nearly 1 mu mol . min -1 . mg of protein -1 in recombinant cells. As a results of this high @entity5098 dehydrogenase activity, growing cells excreted up to 10 mmol of @entity493 per 280 mmol of @entity413 utilized into a mineral salts medium. By the addition of 85 mM @entity17114 to the medium, growth of the recombinant cells stopped, and up to 41 mmol @entity493 was secreted. As @entity493 dehydrogenase competed with @entity2388 decarboxylase (PDC) (EC 4.1.1.1.) for the same substrate ( @entity2388 ), PDC activity was reduced by starvation for the essential PDC cofactor @entity9138 @entity7371 . A @entity9138 auxotrophy mutant of @entity15548 which carried the alaD gene was starved for 40 h in @entity413 -supplemented mineral salts medium and then shifted to mineral salts medium with 85 mM @entity17114 + and 280 mmol of @entity413 . The recombinants excreted up to 84 mmol of @entity493 (7.5 g/liter) over 25 h. @entity493 excretion proceeded at an initial velocity of 238 nmol . min-1 . mg [dry weight]-1. Despite this high activity, the excretion rate seemed to be a limiting factor, as the intracellular concentration of @entity493 was as high as 260 mM at the beginning of the excretion phase and decreased to 80 to 90 mM over 24 h.

title: Expression of an @entity5098 dehydrogenase gene in XXXX and excretion of @entity5098 .

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity15548 :: ('542', 'Species') :: ['Zymomonas mobilis', 'Z. mobilis']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity11304 :: ('1421', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus sphaericus']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine', 'Alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity15548 :: (542,Species) :: ['Zymomonas mobilis']


abstract: In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) @entity1 , nutritional parameters, appetite, and transperitoneal solute movement can be modified by treatment with @entity535 -based dialysis solution (AADS). Because leptin is involved in energy expenditure and appetite regulation, we decided to examine the influence of AADS on serum and dialysate leptin concentrations. We prospectively evaluated AADS influence on leptinemia and peritoneal transport indices in CAPD @entity1 . Nine clinically stable @entity1 (7 males, 2 females), mean age 55.4 +/- 10.5 years, who had been treated with CAPD for 6.1 +/- 5.8 months, were studied. Examinations were conducted before treatment with 1.1% AADS (period I), after 3 months of AADS administration (period II), after 6 months of AADS administration (period III), and at 3 months after AADS discontinuation (period IV). The primary outcome measure was concentration of leptin in serum and dialysate. Secondary measures included @entity448 incidence, nutrient intake, and nutritional parameters. Dialysate-to-plasma ratio (D/P), peritoneal excretion, and clearance (PCl) of leptin were calculated. After 3 months of AADS administration (period II), leptinemia was transiently lower (9.8 +/- 6.2 ng/mL vs 17.1 +/- 14.2 ng/mL, p = 0.017), while D/P (0.51 +/- 0.44 vs 0.23 +/- 0.19, p = 0.012), peritoneal excretion (72.9 +/- 85.4 micrograms/day vs 37.2 +/- 32.3 micrograms/day, p = 0.015), and @entity4351 (4.02 +/- 3.40 mL/min vs 1.75 +/- 1.32 mL/min, p = 0.008) of leptin were higher than measurements obtained at entry. @entity448 incidence and daily protein and energy intakes showed no significant changes during the study. Total body mass, body mass index, and plasma concentrations of total protein and of albumin increased significantly during AADS treatment. A significant positive relation of leptinemia to total fat mass was observed when AADS was not used (periods I and IV). We conclude that administration of AADS in CAPD @entity1 causes a transient @entity393 and increases in peritoneal excretion and in PCl of leptin, as well as dissociation of the physiological relationship between serum leptin level and total fat mass.

title: XXXX -based dialysis solution changes leptinemia and leptin peritoneal clearance.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia', 'anorexia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in leptinemia']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['Amino-acid']


abstract: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) in older adults carries a poor prognosis, and the optimum treatment remains to be determined. In younger @entity1 , treatment stratification is frequently based upon diagnostic karyotype, which was the most important prognostic factor in the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) AML10 trial. Considered here is whether karyotype is also predictive in older adults; this is done by studying 1065 cases from MRC AML11 (median age, 66 years). Three prognostic groups were distinguished on the basis of response to induction therapy and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Those with t(15;17), t(8;21), or inv(16) composed the favorable risk group. Overall, these abnormalities predicted a superior complete remission (CR) rate (72%), reflecting relatively low levels of resistant disease (RD) (8%), and lower relapse risk (RR) (56%) associated with superior @entity1349 (34% at 5 years). Normal karyotype (CR, 63%; RD, 17%; RR, 78%; @entity1349 , 15%) and other @entity854 (CR, 53%; RD, 32%; RR, 85%; @entity1349 , 10%) composed the intermediate group; while complex karyotype predicted an extremely poor prognosis (CR, 26%; RD, 56%; RR, 91%; @entity1349 , 2%). Combining MRC AML10 and AML11 (n = 2677) revealed that the most favorable changes were rarer in older @entity1 (younger than 55 years, 24%; 55 years or older, 7%), while complex abnormalities were more common (6% vs 13%). This study suggests that hierarchical cytogenetic classification identifies biologically distinct subsets of @entity3052 that are represented in all age groups. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of karyotype as a critical independent determinant of outcome in older @entity1 with @entity3052 , providing a potential framework for stratified treatment approaches.

title: The predictive value of hierarchical cytogenetic classification in older adults with XXXX ( @entity3052 ): analysis of 1065 @entity1 entered into the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML11 trial.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['noncomplex abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse incidence of the severe complications of @entity101 disorder complicating pregnancy and the influence on the outcome of pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective study of 4107 cases among 71 020 cases who delivered in hospitals from 1995 to 2004 in Guangzhou was conducted. RESULTS: The morbidity of @entity101 disorder complicating pregnancy was 5.78%, in which the morbidity of severe @entity1468 was 27.78% (1141/4107), of mitis @entity1468 was 72.22% (2966/4107). Maternal mortality rate was 0.19% (8/4107), and the specific mortality rate was 11.26/100 000. The proportion of severe complications of @entity101 disorder complicating pregnancy from high to low was as follows: @entity5869 1.68% (69/4107), @entity27520 .36% (56/4107), @entity101 disorder complicating pregnancy induced @entity13675 (induced @entity13675 ) 1.05% (43/4107), @entity177 0.97% (40/4107), cerebrovascular accident 0.58% (24/4107), and @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes and low platelet ( @entity2102 ) syndrome 0.51% (21/4107). Mortality caused by severe complications of @entity101 disorder complicating pregnancy were as follows: cerebrovascular accident 17% (4/24), @entity2102 10% (2/21), @entity41167 % (3/56) and induced @entity13675 2% (1/43). The proportion of perinatal mortality from severe complications were as follows: @entity5869 43% (33/77), @entity2102 42% (10/24), DIC 34% (22/64), @entity177 25% (11/44), cerebro vascular accident 24% (6/25) and induced @entity13675 16% (8/49). CONCLUSIONS: (1) The morbidity of severe complications from high to low are: @entity5869 , DIC, induced @entity13675 , @entity177 , cerebro vascular accident and @entity2102 . (2) The main causes of mortality for gravida and puerperant are: cerebro vascular accident, @entity2102 , DIC and induced @entity13675 . (3) The major complications harmful to perinatal newborns are in the order of: @entity5869 , @entity2102 , DIC, @entity177 , cerebro vascular accident and induced @entity13675 .

title: [Morbidity regularity of severe complications of XXXX disorder complicating pregnancy in clinics].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP', 'HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The developmental expression and localization of facilitative @entity413 transporter protein ( @entity13345 , @entity21144 and @entity55455 ) in @entity35 embryonal and fetal intestine were examined using immunohistochemical methods. The intestines were collected from embryo and fetus (term days, 10 to 20 of gestation), newborn and adult @entity35 (16 weeks after birth). @entity13345 was expressed abundantly in the gut tube on day 10 of gestation. From day 10 to birth, @entity13345 was expressed continuously but its expression decreased gradually. In the adult, no @entity13345 was detected. @entity21144 was not expressed from day 10 to 14, but began to be expressed in the lumen of the gut tube on day 16, before the intestinal villi were evident. On day 18, when the intestinal villi were developing, @entity21144 was localized to the basolateral membranes of the enterocytes. A similar pattern of @entity21144 localization was also observed in newborn and adult @entity35 intestines. The expression kinetics of @entity55455 were almost the same as those of @entity21144 . @entity55455 began to be expressed in the lumen of the gut tube on day 16. In contrast to @entity21144 , @entity55455 was localized to the brush border membranes of intestinal villi after day 18. These results indicate that the expression and localization of each member of the @entity413 transporter family in the embryonal and fetal intestine vary with the gestational phase. @entity13345 may be required for @entity413 metabolism early in gestation, and @entity21144 and @entity55455 may be required in both late gestational and perinatal stages.

title: Developmental change of facilitative XXXX transporter expression in @entity35 embryonal and fetal intestine.

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Pallid breath-holding ( @entity16050 ) is a childhood condition that presents with recurrent @entity1163 . Although typically benign, severe cases can lead to @entity410 . Previous studies have advocated pacemaker placement to abbreviate symptoms. This was a retrospective study of @entity1 treated with @entity905 for @entity16050 spells. Clinical response, side effects and avoidance of pacemaker implantation were reviewed in six @entity1 (12-60 months) treated with @entity905 for @entity16050 . @entity1 were referred because of concern of @entity943 and failed medical treatment strategies. Two @entity1 had previously implanted loop recorders, 5 @entity1 had documented episodes of @entity1167 , and 2 @entity1 had generalized @entity410 . @entity905 resulted in alleviation of @entity1163 in 5 of 6 @entity1 . Time to symptomatic improvement symptoms ranged from 2 days to 1 month (median, 2 weeks). Median duration of treatment with @entity905 was 12 months (12-24 months). One @entity1 demonstrated no improvement and had a pacemaker implanted. There were no reported side effects to @entity905 . @entity905 can be used to treat childhood @entity16050 spells and may obviate the need for permanent pacing in a significant subset of this population. Considering its safe side-effect profile it is a worthwhile first-line agent to treat this disorder.

title: Successful treatment of pallid breath-holding spells with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'asystole and anoxic seizures']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: Surgical modalities such as electrosurgery and lasers have been used for many years to treat @entity46 . They are relatively unselective with wide scatter, however, leading to the potential for significant @entity3145 . As an alternative, a technique for performing laparoscopic excision and adhesiolysis using a cavitational ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) was developed and studied in 15 @entity1 . Endometriosis was removed using a prototype titanium probe developed for a 10-mm laparoscopic port. The ultrasonic laparoscopic probe consisted of an acoustic vibrator, a coupling device, a removable tip, and a protective flue. Vibrations from the acoustic vibrator (magnetostrictive device) were conveyed to the operating tip through a coupling piece. The magnetostrictive device consisted of @entity3406 alloy laminations 10.8 cm in length that transformed electrical energy into mechanical motion at the hollow @entity702 tip, vibrating at a frequency of 23 kHz. The excursion of the tip (amplitude setting) was arbitrarily set, with a fixed @entity64 of 200 microm in all cases to remove tissue with a 1- to 2-mm radius of the vibrating tip. The tip was tapered to obtain greater amplitude and ablation efficiency. When placed in contact with the endometriotic implants and adhesions, it destroyed and emulsified the cell membranes, which were irrigated and removed through a built-in suction tube. The resulting debris and irrigating fluid were removed through the hollow central portion of the probe. The vibrating tip was moved over the surgical site in a back-and-forth motion to allow continuous, controlled removal. Vessels larger than 0.5 mm in diameter, nerves, and fibrous tissue capsules rebounded with the ultrasonic vibration waves emitted by the CUSA, and thus were unimpaired by the procedure. The consistency of tissues was sensed accurately when the tip of the device was in contact with them. This tactile feedback was helpful in enabling the surgeon to differentiate target tissues. The future application of this instrument awaits the outcome of research.

title: Laparoscopic ablation of XXXX using the cavitational ultrasonic surgical aspirator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage and injury']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Evaluation of the proliferation activity of @entity2950 has a practical meaning when there are doubts about the complete resection of the @entity5 . Evaluation of the clinical aspects connected with increased proliferation activity may have a much broader application. The aim of this study was to correlate selected clinical and radiologic aspects of @entity5513 with the results of the Ki-67 index. The studied group included 23 males and 20 females. @entity5513 were stated in 38 cases (mean age, 52.2 years) and @entity5 in 5 cases (mean age, 44.2 years). The immunohistochemical tests (Ki-67) were performed on the specimens preserved in @entity406 and stored in paraffin. The Ki-67 index was estimated in a semiquantitative study. The mean value of Ki-67 index was 1.86%. In case of @entity5513 (n = 38), the average Ki-67 index was 1.74%. In 5 cases of @entity5 , the index amounted to 2.79% (P = 0.278). No significant correlation was found by comparing the value of the Ki-67 index with the age of @entity1 (P = 0.410: r = 0.128). Significant differences in the value of the Ki-67 index were noted in the sub-groups of @entity5 that were evaluated radiologically as growing and stable. The mean value of Ki-67 index was 3.17% in the first subgroup; in stable @entity2950 , it was significantly lower, amounting to 1.11% (P = 0.020). Such results may confirm that the growth rate of @entity5513 varies and may explain the difficulties in estimating the growth of @entity2950 on the basis of clinical aspects only.

title: Correlation between Ki-67 index and some clinical aspects of XXXX ( @entity5513 ).

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'unilateral neuromas', 'Unilateral neuromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bilateral tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuromas']


abstract: The objective of this study was to quantity the extent of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) overcrowding in Taiwan and to identify possible solutions. The @entity341 log was reviewed for all @entity1 who presented to the National Taiwan University Hospital's @entity341 from January 16, 1996 through February 15, 1996. Charts from @entity1 held longer than 72 hours were reviewed. Among 5,810 @entity1 , 213 (3.6%) were held in the @entity341 for more than 72 hours (7.1 @entity1 per day). In 149 (70.0%) of them, admission was indicated but delayed (42 because more than one subspecialty were involved, 57 because of unavailability of bed, and 50 because of the disparity in admission priority between the emergency physicians and house staffs). Eighteen (8.4%) @entity1 did not meet admission criteria (13 could have been treated in outpatient clinics, 3 needed placement in nursing homes, 2 because of personal problems). The others (22%) recovered while waiting. Significant overcrowding exists in EDs in Taiwan. Four solutions are proposed: (1) creation of a holding unit; (2) flexible ward assignment; (3) pre-established rules for admission priority-setting; and (4) active interfacility transfer. Only through these efforts can EDs in Taiwan guarantee an optimal level of care in the face of a growing @entity1 demand.

title: XXXX overcrowding in Taiwan: facts and strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: Current guidelines for the treatment of @entity162 ( @entity162 ) @entity308 ( @entity308 ) recommend using either mood stabilizer monotherapy or the combination of a mood stabilizer with a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). These guidelines are the result of concern over SSRI-induced @entity162 . We previously showed that @entity905 monotherapy may be effective as an initial treatment for @entity162 @entity308 with a low manic switch rate. We now present the results of a double-blind, placebo-substitution continuation study of @entity905 monotherapy in @entity162 @entity1 who have recovered from their @entity308 . This was a two-phase study. In study phase I, @entity1 received open-label @entity905 monotherapy 20 mg daily for up to 8 weeks. Responders with a final 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D) score < or =9 were enrolled into study phase II which consisted of double-blind, placebo-substitution continuation therapy with @entity905 20 mg daily for up to 6 months. Outcome measures included the 17-item HAM-D and Young Mania Rating (YMR) scales. Changes in YMR scores were assessed using generalized estimating equation analysis. Relapse was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Fisher's exact test. In study phase II, 43% of @entity905 -treated @entity1 and 100% of placebo-treated @entity1 relapsed during continuation therapy (P=0.08). The mean increase in YMR score in study phase II was slightly higher in the @entity905 -treated @entity1 (3.0+/-1.8) versus placebo-treated @entity1 (0.2+/-0.4) (P=0.01). However, this difference was not clinically meaningful. No @entity2749 were observed during study phase II. Despite the limited sample size resulting in insufficient power to detect statistical significance in relapse rates or change in YMR scores between treatment conditions, these preliminary data appear to support previous observations demonstrating that initial and continuation @entity905 monotherapy may be safe and effective for some @entity1 with @entity162 or BP NOS @entity308 with a low manic switch rate. Larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

title: XXXX monotherapy of @entity162 major @entity308 : a double-blind, placebo-substitution, continuation study.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic switch episodes', 'bipolar type II', 'BP II', 'BP II and BP NOS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive episode', 'MDE', 'Depression']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['hypomanic switch episodes']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['Fluoxetine']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are aggressive, rare, and difficult-to-cure @entity1820 . We believe that the clinical behavior of these @entity5 can be predicted by reproducible prognostic factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective review of all @entity1 (N = 70) with @entity674 treated at a tertiary care center from 1973 to 1998. @entity1 : Adequate data for evaluation were available for 69 @entity1 . Male-female distribution was 40:29. Median age was 60 years. Median follow-up duration was 38 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tumor grade, stage, and histologic subtype at presentation; effect of grade, surgery and adjuvant therapy on recurrence, salvage, and survival. RESULTS: Tumor distribution included 61% in the upper, 23% in the middle, and 16% in the lower digestive tract, with a median @entity5 size of 7.9 cm (range, 1.8-25 cm). @entity5 with more than 1 mitosis per 10 high-power fields constituted 57% of @entity5 in the series. Distant disease at initial visit occurred in 49% of @entity1 . Complete gross resection occurred in 59% of @entity1 . After complete resection, the 5-year survival rate was 42%, compared with 9% after incomplete resection (hazard ratio = 0.27, P<.001). Neither radiation nor chemotherapy demonstrated any significant benefit. Among 39 @entity1 who were disease free after complete resection, 2% developed lymph node recurrence, 25% developed local recurrence, and 33% developed distant recurrences (54% liver, 20% peritoneum). By multivariate analysis the risk of local and/or distant metastases was significantly increased for @entity5 with more than 1 mitosis and size larger than 5 cm (P<.05). Multivariate analysis in all 69 @entity1 revealed that incomplete resection, age greater than 50 years, non-smooth muscle histological feature, @entity5 with more than 1 mitosis, and @entity5 size larger than 5 cm significantly decreased survival. CONCLUSION: Complete gross surgical resection is presently the only means of cure for @entity674 . @entity5 with more than 1 mitosis and a size larger than 5 cm have an especially poor prognosis, with decreased survival, and increased local and/or distant recurrence.

title: The effect of surgery and grade on outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: Many @entity1 with severe refractory @entity565 , which is insufficiently controlled by additional high-dose of inhaled @entity288 , require oral @entity288 and/or immunosuppressant. Clinicians should seek for suitable medications, for its' chronic use may induce high risk of side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized @entity9992 (3-4 times/day) in adult severe @entity748 @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity748 symptoms, despite treatments with high-dose inhaled @entity288 . Adult @entity1 with severe @entity565 (n=251) were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial at 30 medical centers in Japan. Isotonic saline was used as placebo. The study was conducted for 10 weeks; with initial 2 weeks of observation followed by 8 weeks of treatments. Efficacy was primarily evaluated based on improvements in morning peak expiratory flow after treatment. All @entity1 who applied inhalation of nebulized @entity9992 (SCG group) or saline (Controls) were treated with high-dose of inhaled @entity288 (median of @entity2715 equivalent dose: 1600 microg/days) and second-line control therapy including oral @entity288 . There was no significant difference in morning peak expiratory flow between SCG group and controls. However, when @entity1 were stratified into atopic and non-atopic groups, morning peak expiratory flow had significantly improved in the atopic SCG group compared to atopic Controls. Additional inhalation of nebulized @entity9992 with inhaled @entity288 is effective even in @entity1 with severe @entity12131 . This finding shows that nebulized @entity9992 is expected to be new second-line therapeutic option in severe @entity565 .

title: Effects of nebulized @entity9992 on adult XXXX with severe refractory @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone dipropionate']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The Visual Simplified Respiratory Questionnaire (VSRQ) was designed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). It contains eight items: @entity1353 , @entity148 , @entity308 mood, sleep, energy, daily activities, social activities and sexual life. Psychometric properties were assessed during a clinical trial that evaluated the impact of @entity5489 on HRQoL of @entity1030 @entity1 . These included the determination of structure, internal consistency reliability, concurrent validity with the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), test - retest reliability, clinical validity and responsiveness to change over two weeks. Minimal important difference (MID) was calculated; cumulative response curves (CRC) were based on the @entity1353 item. Psychometric analyses showed that VSRQ structure was unidimensional. The questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84), good concurrent validity with SGRQ (Spearman = -0.70) and clinical validity, good test-retest reproducibility (ICC = 0.77), and satisfactory responsiveness (standardized response mean = 0.57; Guyatt's statistic = 0.63). MID was 3.4; CRC median value of the 'minimally improved' @entity1 was 3.5. In conclusion, VSRQ brevity and satisfactory psychometric properties make it a good candidate for large studies to assess HRQoL in @entity1030 @entity1 . Further validation is needed to extend its use in clinical practice.

title: Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of a new short Visual Simplified Respiratory Questionnaire (VSRQ) for health-related quality of life assessment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5489 :: ('MESH:C079890', 'Chemical') :: ['tiotropium']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2333 , including @entity449 , are the 12th leading cause of @entity204 in the United States. The incidence of descending @entity2334 is estimated at 10.4 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. Growing evidence suggests that stress measurements derived from structural analysis of aortic geometries predict clinical outcomes better than diameter alone. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 undergoing clinical and radiologic surveillance for @entity2334 were retrospectively identified. Custom MATLAB algorithms were employed to extract aortic wall and intraluminal thrombus geometry from computed tomography angiography scans. The resulting reconstructions were loaded with 120 mm Hg of pressure using finite element analysis. Relationships among peak wall stress, @entity439 growth, and clinical outcome were examined. RESULTS: The average @entity1 age was 71.6    10.0 years, and average follow-up time was 17.5    9 months (range, 6 to 43). The mean initial @entity439 diameter was 47.8    8.0 mm, and the final diameter was 52.1    10.0 mm. Mean @entity439 growth rate was 2.9    2.4 mm per year. A stronger correlation (r = 0.894) was found between peak wall stress and @entity439 growth rate than between maximal aortic diameter and growth rate (r = 0.531). @entity439 undergoing surgical intervention had higher peak wall stresses than @entity439 undergoing continued surveillance (300    75 kPa versus 229    47 kPa, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Computational peak wall stress in @entity2334 was found to be strongly correlated with @entity439 expansion rate. @entity439 requiring surgical intervention had significantly higher peak wall stresses. Peak wall stress may better predict clinical outcome than maximal aneurysmal diameter, and therefore may guide clinical decision-making.

title: Peak wall stress predicts expansion rate in descending XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic diseases']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']


abstract: A qualitative study with a pre- and post-intervention component was undertaken among 66 professional nurses at 11 hospitals in the Eastern Cape to assess their perceptions and attitudes towards severely malnourished @entity1 and their mothers/caregivers. Nurses' attitudes were compared before and after attending a 5-day training course to improve the management of @entity3147 along with implementing World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. @entity3147 is a major cause of @entity204 among paediatric @entity1 in many hospitals in South Africa. A qualitative study with a pre- and post-intervention component was undertaken among 66 professional nurses at 11 hospitals in the Eastern Cape to assess their perceptions and attitudes towards severely malnourished @entity1 and their mothers/caregivers. Nurses' attitudes were compared before and after attending a 5-day training course to improve the management of severe @entity3147 through implementing the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. Focus group discussions were conducted in isiXhosa following a semi-structured discussion guide. Three themes emerged from these discussions, i.e. nurses placed blame on the mothers for not giving adequate care at home; nurses valued malnourished @entity1 less than those with other conditions; and nurses felt resentment towards caregivers. Underlying reasons for the negative attitudes towards severely malnourished @entity1 and their caregivers were misunderstandings of the causes of @entity3147 , misinterpretation of clinical signs, especially poor appetite, and high mortality during treatment. However, the training course and successful application of the treatment guidelines altered these perceptions and helped nurses to have a better understanding of the causes of the presenting clinical signs. These nurses have begun advocating for raised awareness of the physiological differences that occur in @entity3147 and the need to include the WHO Ten Steps of treatment in the nursing curricula and inservice training. A cadre of volunteer nurse-trainers has been formed in Eastern Cape. Experience in this province has shown that in-service training changes attitudes to @entity3147 and treatment practices, as well as saving lives.

title: Training nurses to save lives of malnourished XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Severe malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A transient @entity6113 precedes myeloid recovery in many @entity1 with @entity3052 treated with intensive chemotherapy. We describe the kinetics, clinical features, and immunology of lymphocyte recovery which is markedly augmented by the inclusion of @entity2841 in induction therapy. Lymphocyte recovery from 19 @entity1 receiving @entity2841 as part of induction therapy was compared to a historical control of 25 @entity1 treated with identical chemotherapy in the absence of cytokine. Kinetics and clinical features of lymphocyte recovery were analyzed. Peripheral blood was studied by flow cytometry, @entity3407 release assays, and Southern analysis of the T-cell antigen receptor, beta chain gene. @entity1 treated with @entity2841 to recruit cells into cycle, exhibit markedly increased peaks of lymphocyte recovery. Recovering lymphocytes demonstrated an activated memory T-cell phenotype suggestive of a @entity16877 . Lymphoid recovery was often associated with @entity1910 , fever, and @entity3329 . Study @entity1 who developed peak lymphocyte counts > or = 1000 microliters were more likely to achieve remission than those with a lower peak. Recovery lymphocytes did not lyse pretreatment autologous bone marrow cells. Southern analysis demonstrated dominant potentially clonal rearrangements in the majority of @entity1 studied. Lymphocyte recovery, which appears to include oligoclonal expansion of memory T cells is markedly augmented by administration of @entity2841 during chemotherapy. This may represent a non-specific response by a limited repertoire of T cells surviving therapy, or a specific clonal response to a powerful exogenous or endogenous antigen. Possible antileukemic activity of these cells remains to be elucidated.

title: @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), given concurrently with induction therapy for @entity3052 ( XXXX ), augments the syndrome of T-lymphocyte recovery.

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity16877 :: ('MESH:C566759', 'Disease') :: ['cytokine release syndrome']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Controversy exists regarding @entity251 replacement therapy (TRT) in @entity1 following radical prostatectomy (RP). Many clinicians are hesitant to offer @entity1 TRT after an RP, out of concern that the increased @entity342 levels may promote @entity5 progression or recurrence from @entity41 . Recently, several small studies have demonstrated the use of TRT in @entity1 following an RP and have shown an improvement in serum @entity251 levels with no increase in @entity1486 (PSA) values. AIMS: The aim of this article is to assess changes in PSA and @entity251 values in hypogonadal @entity1 on TRT after RP and also to evaluate the impact of pathologic Gleason grade on ultimate PSA values. METHODS: All hypogonadal @entity1 who were treated with TRT by members of our department following RP were retrospectively reviewed. PSA values before RP, after RP, and after TRT were evaluated. Serum @entity251 levels before and after TRT were also examined. Only @entity1 with undetectable PSA values and negative surgical margins on pathologic specimen were offered TRT and included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome measures were changes in PSA and @entity251 values after initiation of TRT. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 , ages 53-83 years (mean 64), were identified as having initiated TRT following RP. @entity1 received TRT for an average of 36 months following RP (range 1-136 months). @entity1 were followed an average of 13 months after initiation of TRT (range 1-99 months). The mean @entity251 values rose from 255 ng/dL before TRT to 459 ng/dL after TRT (P < 0.001). There was no increase in PSA values after initiation of TRT and thus no @entity1 had a biochemical PSA recurrence. CONCLUSION: TRT is effective in improving @entity251 levels, without increasing PSA values, in hypogonadal @entity1 who have undergone RP.

title: XXXX replacement therapy following radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: We previously showed that @entity6 contributes to the development of @entity75 in cerebral arteries. In this study, we attempted to clarify whether differences in heart rate variability in non-hypertensive @entity6 @entity1 were dependent on the presence or absence of underlying @entity66 . Thirty @entity6 subjects between 40 and 59 years of age and who had no prior history of @entity101 were used in this study. @entity75 ( @entity75 ) were detected with magnetic resonance imaging and @entity731 ( @entity731 ) were detected using intra- and extracranial magnetic resonance angiography, and by ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid artery. @entity1 underwent a full clinical laboratory screening and a power spectrum analysis of their heart rate variability. Subjects were divided into two groups: those with and without @entity75 . The low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) was found to be significantly increased (P<0.01) in subjects with @entity75 (2.2 +/- 0.3) compared to those without @entity75 (1.3 +/- 0.1). When subjects were divided into groups based on their presence or absence of @entity731 , high-frequency power was found to be significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the subjects with @entity731 (12.8 +/- 3.4 ms) compared to those without @entity731 (19.4 +/- 1.7 ms). The LF/HF ratio was found to be significantly increased (P<0.05) in the subjects with @entity731 (2.2 +/- 0.3) compared to those without @entity731 (1.4 +/- 0.1). Our data suggested that @entity731 in cerebrovascular diseased linked to decrease of vagal nerve activity in non-hypertensive @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Differences in heart rate variability in non-hypertensive XXXX @entity1 correlate with the presence of underlying @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Lacunar lesions', 'sclerotic lesions', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The right ventricle in @entity1 with severe outflow obstruction or @entity1146 and a small tricuspid valve often remains too hypoplastic even after optimal palliation to tolerate biventricular repair with closure of the @entity118 . In these @entity1 , nonpulsatile cavopulmonary (Glenn) @entity254 has traditionally facilitated biventricular repair. In 1989, Billingsley and associates reported the addition of a bidirectional cavopulmonary @entity254 to the definitive biventricular repair in @entity1 with hypoplastic right ventricle, @entity1146 , and intact ventricular septum. The @entity118 was left open with an adjustable snare for later closure. We report five @entity1 with hypoplastic right ventricle (mean diastolic volume 48.4%, mean @entity64 volume 40.2% of predicted value) who had the @entity118 closed at the time of the biventricular repair. Four @entity1 , who had the bidirectional cavopulmonary @entity254 supplementing the biventricular repair, had no evidence of excessive right atrial or superior vena cava @entity101 postoperatively. One @entity1 , who had atypical @entity215 with @entity10710 , developed recurrent @entity2293 and marked @entity382 following conventional tetralogy repair with closure of the @entity118 . These complications were controlled with the addition of bidirectional cavopulmonary @entity254 2 months later. Postoperative hemodynamic or Doppler studies in these @entity1 revealed pulsatile flow in the entire pulmonary artery system, including the artery distal to the Glenn @entity254 . This modification of biventricular repair allows primary closure of the @entity118 and provides pulsatile arterial flow in the entire pulmonary artery, even when the right ventricle is significantly hypoplastic.

title: Biventricular repair of hypoplastic right ventricle assisted by pulsatile bidirectional cavopulmonary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10710 :: ('MESH:D014264', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'atresia']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Palliative Medicine Unit at University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway, started an intervention programme that aims to enable @entity1 to spend more time at home and die there if they prefer. Close cooperation was needed with the community health-care professionals, who acted as the principal formal caregivers, and a multidisciplinary consultant team coordinated the care. We did a cluster randomised trial to assess the intervention's effectiveness compared with conventional care METHODS: Community health-care districts in and around Trondheim, Norway, were defined as the clusters to be randomised. We enrolled 434 @entity1 (235 assigned intervention and 199 conventional care [controls]) in these districts who had incurable @entity5 and an expected survival of 2-9 months. Main outcomes were place of @entity204 and time spent in institutions in the last month of life. FINDINGS: 395 @entity1 died. Of these, more intervention @entity1 than controls died at home (54 [25%] vs 26 [15%], p<0.05). The time spent at home was not significantly increased, although intervention @entity1 spent a smaller proportion of time in nursing homes in the last month of life than did controls (7.2 vs 14.6%, p<0.05). Hospital use was similar in the two groups. INTERPRETATION: The palliative-care intervention enabled more @entity1 to die at home. More resources for care in the home (palliative care training and staff) and an increased focus on use of nursing homes would be necessary, however, to increase time at home and reduce hospital admissions.

title: A palliative-care intervention and XXXX at home: a cluster randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a pilot phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1205 and @entity900 as a combination second-line therapy for advanced @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2003, 30 @entity1 were enrolled into this study. Chemotherapy consisted of 60 mg/m2 of @entity1205 followed by 60 mg/m2 of @entity900 . This regimen was repeated at least three times at 3-week intervals. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 26.7%. The median time to disease progression was 4.5 months. The median survival time was 13 months from the start of the first-line therapy and 6 months from the second-line therapy. With respect to @entity137 , the major adverse effect was @entity1431 , which reached grades 3-4 in 26.7%. Non-hematological @entity137 were usually moderate, and no deaths were attributable to the adverse effects of the drugs. CONCLUSION: This combination therapy was effective as a second-line treatment for advanced @entity356 with acceptable toxic side-effects.

title: Phase II study of @entity1205 plus @entity900 as a second-line combined therapy in XXXX with advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether @entity1443 with @entity10425 administered per rectum is an effective alternative for @entity158 control compared with oral administration after an adenotonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized control study. METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 aged 1 to 5 were recruited for this study. Each @entity1 was assigned randomly to receive either @entity282 medication. A journal with eight questions was kept for 10 days after the operation, and an overall survey of five questions was filled out at the first postoperative visit. RESULTS: @entity282 was adequately controlled in those @entity1 receiving suppositories when compared with those @entity1 receiving @entity158 medication. Adverse effects and total number of doses given per day were similar. Parents found the suppositories easy to administer, and more parents would switch or consider switching from @entity158 medication to suppositories if given the choice. CONCLUSIONS: The suppositories achieved equivalent @entity158 control as oral medication with few side effects and good tolerance. Furthermore, many parents preferred the suppositories to oral medication in maintaining @entity282 control because of ease of administration. If given the choice for future surgeries, many parents would switch or consider switching from @entity158 medication to suppositories.

title: Comparison of oral versus rectal administration of XXXX with @entity10425 in postoperative pediatric adenotonsillectomy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['oral pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['rectal or oral postoperative pain', 'postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: Mixed dentition space analyses form an essential part of orthodontic diagnostic procedures to determine the amount of space available for the accommodation of permanent teeth. The Moyers' probability tables for computing the sizes of unerupted @entity235 and premolars were formulated at the University of Michigan from a sample consisting of northern European white subjects and are currently used worldwide. Because tooth sizes vary significantly between different population groups, it was the purpose of this study to construct relevant probability tables that would be more applicable to black subjects. Data were collected from a series of 100 randomly selected study models of black @entity1 . The sample was equally subdivided by gender and all subjects had Angle Class I molar relationships with only minor malocclusions such as minor crowding, rotations, or @entity14773 . Two investigators independently measured the teeth on the study casts with a Vernier gauge that had sharpened calliper tips. Intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability was determined at 0.2 mm. All teeth to and including the first molars were measured. These data were then utilized in regression equations for both maxillary and mandibular arches, to enable the prediction of the mesiodistal widths of the @entity235 and two premolars. The equations and predicted values were compared with those of the Moyers' probability tables, and significant differences (p <0.05) were found (except for the prediction of maxillary @entity235 and premolars in females at the 85 and 95 percentile probability level). New probability tables for black subjects were formulated. It is envisaged that the proposed probability tables would be more accurate for black @entity1 of African ancestry.

title: Orthodontic probability tables for black XXXX of African descent: mixed dentition analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3964 diversity has been analysed in two Senegalese villages with different transmission conditions and distinct kinetics of immunity acquisition. A very large allelic polymorphism was observed in both villages, with a similar number of alleles but quite distinct allelic frequencies, indicating a substantial micro-geographical heterogeneity of @entity311 parasite populations. In addition, the molecular characteristics of the @entity281 differed in both villages. As in most endemic areas, many infected subjects carry multiple parasite clones. In Dielmo, the number of distinct clones hosted decreases at the age of acquisition of an efficient immunity. There was no influence of age on the number of clones hosted in Ndiop where adults experience clinical attacks. This indicates that complexity reflects acquired immunity. The precise longitudinal follow-up of parasitaemia, clinical signs and parasite genetic characteristics showed a rapid turn over of parasite populations in the peripheral blood during the transmission season, suggesting that immunity does not prevent @entity281 but restricts multiplication of numerous genotypes at the erythrocytic stage. Clinical @entity311 occurs after a rapid, apparently unrestricted growth of recently inoculated parasites. The successive clinical attacks experienced by @entity1 are associated with genotypes different for each attack and different from those that the @entity1 carried during preceding asymptomatic phases. These data indicate that parasite diversity contributes to the pathology of @entity281 and that control of parasite density, which is at least in part strain-specific, is an essential element of protection against @entity311 clinical attacks.

title: [Molecular analysis of XXXX @entity281 in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: In the adult @entity35 hippocampus, the axons of granule cells in the dentate gyrus, the @entity28802 ( @entity28802 ), form excitatory glutamatergic synapses with @entity1251 principal cells. In neonates, @entity28802 release into their targets mainly @entity1246 , which at this developmental stage is depolarizing. Here we tested the hypothesis that, at immature @entity28802 - @entity1251 synapses, correlated presynaptic [single fiber-evoked @entity1246 (A)-mediated postsynaptic potentials (GPSPs)] and postsynaptic activity (back propagating action potentials) may exert a critical control on synaptic efficacy. This form of plasticity, called @entity734 ( @entity734 ), is a Hebbian type form of learning extensively studied at the level of glutamatergic synapses. Depending on the relative timing, @entity13635 postsynaptic spiking and single @entity28802 -GPSPs induced bidirectional changes in synaptic efficacy. In case of positive @entity13635 , spike-timing-dependent-long-term potentiation (STD-LTP) was associated with a persistent increase in GPSP slope and in the probability of cell firing. The transduction pathway involved a rise of @entity460 in the postsynaptic cell and the combined activity of @entity268 -dependent @entity12175 ( @entity12175 ) and @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ). Retrograde signaling via @entity2136 and presynaptic TrkB receptors led to a persistent increase in @entity1246 release. In "presynaptically" silent neurons, the enhanced probability of @entity1246 release induced by the @entity13635 protocol, unsilenced these synapses. Shifting E( @entity1246 ) from the depolarizing to the hyperpolarizing direction with @entity11623 failed to modify synaptic strength. Thus, STD-LTP of GPSPs provides a reliable way to convey information from granule cells to the @entity1251 associative network at a time when glutamatergic synapses are still poorly developed.

title: At immature mossy-fiber- @entity1251 synapses, correlated presynaptic and postsynaptic activity persistently enhances @entity1246 release and network excitability via XXXX and @entity268 -dependent @entity12175 .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity28802 :: ('MESH:D004604', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'mossy fibers']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['bumetanide']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['STDP', 'spike-timing-dependent plasticity']

answer: @entity2136 :: (24225(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['BDNF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The decreased ability to carry out vertical saccades is a key symptom of @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ). Objective measurement devices can help to reliably detect @entity1319 to improve sensitivity and specificity of the clinical diagnosis. The present study aims at transferring findings from restricted stationary video-oculography (VOG) to a wearable head-mounted device, which can be readily applied in clinical practice. METHODS: We investigated the @entity1319 in 10 possible or probable @entity7463 @entity1 , 11 @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 , and 10 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) using a mobile, gaze-driven video camera setup (EyeSeeCam). Ocular movements were analyzed during a standardized fixation protocol and in an unrestricted real-life scenario while walking along a corridor. RESULTS: The EyeSeeCam detected prominent impairment of both saccade velocity and amplitude in @entity7463 @entity1 , differentiating them from @entity191 and HCs. Differences were particularly evident for saccades in the vertical plane, and stronger for saccades than for other @entity1319 . Differences were more pronounced during the standardized protocol than in the real-life scenario. CONCLUSIONS: Combined analysis of saccade velocity and saccade amplitude during the fixation protocol with the EyeSeeCam provides a simple, rapid (<20 s), and reliable tool to differentiate clinically established @entity7463 @entity1 from @entity191 and HCs. As such, our findings prepare the ground for using wearable eye-tracking in @entity1 with uncertain diagnoses.

title: Validation of mobile eye-tracking as novel and efficient means for differentiating XXXX from @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['PSP', 'Progressive Supranuclear Palsy']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['subtle eye movement disturbances', 'eye movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity7463 :: (MESH:D013494,Disease) :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether current smoking worsens the clinical course of @entity3178 ( @entity3178 ) is unknown. The aim was to evaluate the impact of smoking on the clinical course of @entity3178 . METHODS: One hundred and eighty-four @entity1 (72% @entity1 ; age, 62.4    1.1 years) with @entity3178 (118 @entity4143 ( @entity4143 ) and 66 @entity11162 ( @entity11162 ) were evaluated (39 of them were current smokers). In all the @entity1 , smoking habits and clinical data at presentation, response to therapy, and clinical relapses during follow-up were prospectively recorded. Risk factors for clinical relapse were studied in 160 @entity1 after a mean follow-up of 28    1 months. Cox regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding variables. RESULTS: Age at @entity294 onset was 63.0    1.4 years in nonsmokers and 50.4    2.1 years in current smokers (P < 0.001). There was no significant influence of smoking habit on either clinical symptoms at diagnosis or clinical remission rate. Clinical relapse rate was 25.5% for @entity4143 and 29.6% for @entity11162 , with the mean relapse-free time 28.8 months (95% confidence interval, 26.3-31.4) for @entity4143 and 26.9 months (95% confidence interval, 26-30.3) for @entity11162 (P = 0.5). Multivariate analysis showed that age at diagnosis (<50 years versus others; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-6; P = 0.01) was associated with risk of relapse of @entity4143 but not @entity11162 . Current smoking was not an independent risk factor for either @entity4143 or @entity11162 relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Active smokers developed @entity3178 more than a decade before nonsmokers. Age at diagnosis, but not smoking, was an independent risk factor of relapse in @entity1 with @entity4143 .

title: Impact of current smoking on the clinical course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic colitis', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic colitis', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis', 'CC']

answer: @entity3178 :: (MESH:D046728,Disease) :: ['microscopic colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1804 ( @entity1804 ) is one of the most common incidentally discovered @entity75 , while symptomatic cases are relatively rare. Surgical treatment is recommended for symptomatic @entity1 to drain the cyst content and to remove the capsule safely. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical features, surgery considerations and therapy outcomes of symptomatic RCCs. METHODS: Totally 42 @entity1 (19 males and 23 females) were retrospectively reviewed with the diagnosis of RCCs under surgery resection at the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University between January 2005 and December 2010. RESULTS: @entity1 ' age ranged from 6 to 67 years (mean of 41.6 years). The duration of symptoms ranged from 4 days to 10 years. @entity10 (69%), @entity227 (36%), and @entity4611 (10%) were the most common presenting symptoms. The maximum diameter of cysts ranged from 6.0 to 46.7 mm (mean of 20.07 mm). Of the 42 @entity1 , 36 underwent endonasal transsphenoidal approach and the others underwent transcranial approach. Thirty @entity1 had a subtotal resection and decompression, while 12 @entity1 had a total cyst resection. Cysts of 28 @entity1 were lined by simple cubical or columnar epithelium, and cysts of 34 @entity1 were filled by amorphous colloid material, that was the characteristic of RCCs. The majority of @entity1 presented with a simple @entity10 , and 93% of this group experienced a complete improvement after surgery. Twelve of 15 @entity1 (80%) with preoperative @entity227 experienced an improvement in their vision after surgery. All of those @entity1 with @entity4611 experienced an improved endocrine status. The endocrinological complication usually was @entity2010 , and postoperative transient @entity2010 occurred in 13 (31%) @entity1 without any permanent @entity2010 . The overall recurrence rate was 7% at a mean follow-up of 22 months (range 12 - 60 months). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment is to drain the contents of the cyst and to remove the capsule as much as possible under the precondition that does not increase the complications. Biopsy and decompression procedures are recommended for most cases.

title: Surgical treatment of symptomatic XXXX : clinical features, therapy considerations and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', "Rathke's cleft cyst"]

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1804 :: (MESH:D020863,Disease) :: ['Rathke's cleft cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to compare the incidence of @entity386 , @entity387 , @entity1168 , or @entity26 desaturation in healthy term newborns placed in hospital cribs, @entity1 car safety beds, or @entity1 car safety seats. METHODS: A consecutive series of 200 newborns was recruited on the second day of life. Each subject was studied while placed in the hospital crib (30 minutes), car bed (60 minutes), and car seat (60 minutes). Physiologic data, including @entity26 saturation, frequency, and type of @entity386 , @entity387 , and @entity1168 were obtained and analyzed in a blinded manner. RESULTS: The mean @entity26 saturation level was significantly different among all of the positions (97.9% for the hospital crib, 96.3% for the car bed, and 95.7% for the car seat; P < .001). The mean minimal @entity26 saturation level was lower while in both safety devices (83.7% for the car bed and 83.6% for the car seat) compared with in the hospital crib (87.4%) (P < .001). The mean total time spent with an @entity26 saturation level of <95% was significantly higher (P = .003) in both safety devices (car seat: 23.9%; car bed: 17.2%) when compared with the hospital crib (6.5%). A second study of 50 subjects in which each @entity1 was placed in each position for 120 minutes yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy term newborns, significant desaturations were observed in both car beds and car seats as compared with hospital cribs. This study was limited by lack of documentation of sleep stage. Therefore, these safety devices should only be used for protection during travel and not as replacements for cribs.

title: A comparison of respiratory patterns in healthy term XXXX placed in car safety seats and beds.

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The effect of gestational age on serum-mediated changes in enolase activity was tested in a fetal @entity35 brain cell culture. After 6 days exposure to graded concentrations (10 and 20%) of nonpregnant female @entity35 sera, enolase activity in brain cell cultures increased from 2.83 +/- 0.03 to 3.74 +/- 0.19 mumol/min/mg protein, P less than 0.01. By contrast, similar concentrations of 20-day maternal serum progressively decreased enzyme activity from 1.52 +/- 0.14 to 1.19 +/- 0.08 mumol/min/mg protein. The inhibitory effect was apparent at 14 days gestation and became progressively greater during late gestation to reach a maximum at 20 days. Combining equal concentrations of 20-day pregnant with either nonpregnant or adult male serum neutralized the inhibitory activity. When serum from 20-day pregnant @entity35 was partitioned by a dialysis membrane with a 50,000 MW pore size, inhibitory activity could be similarly neutralized by male or nonpregnant female serum. When 20-day maternal serum was passed successively through filters with a greater than 300,000, 100,000, and 50,000 MW exclusion, the inhibitory activity was apparent in all fractions excluded by a molecular weight of 50,000. No inhibition was apparent in fractions that were not excluded by 50,000 MW pore size. Inhibition of enolase activity was greatest in the fraction with MW greater than 300,000. Binding of @entity2620 could also be demonstrated in this fraction. Binding of @entity2620 was evident in the fraction greater than 100,000 MW but could not be demonstrated in fractions with a lower molecular weight. The presence of mRNA for @entity2620 in 20-day fetal @entity35 brain cell cultures was evident when total cellular RNA was analyzed by an RNAase protection assay. It is proposed that a high-molecular-weight component of maternal serum in late gestation can bind endogenously generated @entity2620 . Such binding, by depleting the necessary growth factors, could inhibit in vitro growth and development of enolase activity.

title: The impact of maternal serum on development of enolase activity in fetal XXXX brain cell culture.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Previous studies suggest that @entity54077 is prominent in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and even in pre- @entity15 @entity1 presenting with a @entity922 ( @entity922 ). However, the relationships between @entity62 and deep grey matter loss are not well understood. We analyzed the association between @entity62 and the thalami in @entity922 @entity1 to determine if connectivity is an important determinant. We studied 24 @entity922 @entity1 and 18 normal controls with anatomical and diffusion tensor (DTI) MRI images. DTI fiber tracking was used to create probabilistic templates of the thalamocortical white matter and to define white matter connecting lesions and thalami. DTI metrics in the lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) regions were compared between @entity922 and controls, and correlated with thalamic volume changes estimated by voxel-based morphometry. There was 10 times higher density of lesions in thalamocortical compared to other brain white matter. Increased diffusivities and decreased fractional anisotropies were measured in the thalamocortical NAWM of @entity922 @entity1 compared to controls. A step-wise regression analysis demonstrated that thalamocortical lesion volume and the mean diffusivity in track regions connecting lesion and thalami were significantly correlated with thalamic volumes in @entity1 (Rsq=0.66, p<0.001), a finding not observed in regions outside the thalamocortical white matter. These results provide compelling evidence for a direct relationship between @entity62 and thalamic @entity194 in @entity922 @entity1 .

title: Connecting @entity62 and thalamic XXXX in clinically isolated syndromes.

entities_list: @entity54077 :: ('MESH:C536504', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high relative mortality among @entity1 with @entity1723 results mainly from @entity2316 . The cumulative incidence of @entity8 of 25 to 30 percent among @entity1 who had had @entity6 for 25 years remained stable from 1950 to the early 1980s. In a population study, we assessed recent trends in the incidence of @entity2316 . METHODS: We studied all 213 @entity1 in whom @entity1723 was diagnosed before the age of 15 years between 1961 and 1980 in a district in southeastern Sweden. Ninety-two percent of the @entity1 were followed from the onset of @entity6 to 1991 or to @entity204 . @entity1 with persistent @entity633 (positive Albustix test) were considered to have @entity2316 . Glycosylated hemoglobin was measured periodically in all @entity1 , beginning in 1980. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of persistent @entity633 after 25 years of @entity6 decreased from 30.0 percent among the @entity1 in whom @entity6 developed in the period 1961 to 1965 to 8.9 percent among those in whom it developed from 1966 to 1970 (P = 0.01). After 20 years of @entity6 , the cumulative incidence decreased from 28.0 percent among the @entity1 in whom @entity6 developed from 1961 to 1965 to 5.8 percent among those in whom it developed from 1971 to 1975 (P = 0.01). Persistent @entity633 has not yet developed in any @entity1 in whom @entity6 was diagnosed in the period 1976 to 1980. The average glycosylated hemoglobin value decreased from 7.4 percent in the period 1980 to 1985 to 7.0 percent from 1986 to 1991 (P < 0.001). The mean glycosylated hemoglobin value was higher in the @entity1 with persistent @entity633 than the @entity1 with no @entity633 (8.1 percent vs. 7.1 percent, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: During the past decade the cumulative incidence of @entity2316 , as manifested by persistent @entity633 , among @entity1 who have had @entity6 for 25 years has decreased substantially, probably as a result of improved glycemic control.

title: Declining incidence of @entity8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: 1. The @entity410 activity induced by @entity6153 has been examined in anaesthetized @entity19 either by determining the @entity54906 for the @entity410 in drug-treated and control animals, or by studying the effects of various drugs on the total whole body activity. 2. The results indicate that @entity2661 play no part in the mechanism of action of @entity6153 . Drugs which alter cerebral @entity2922 levels had no effect on the @entity410 , nor did the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. 3. @entity750 ( @entity750 ) could possibly be important, though results with drugs which either change brain @entity750 levels, or block @entity750 receptors were inconsistent. 4. @entity1246 also appears not to be involved in the mechanism of action of @entity6153 . 5. The results strongly suggest that @entity6153 primarily activates a central cholinergic system, in that muscarinic and nicotinic receptor blocking drugs inhibit, and anticholinesterases potentiate the @entity410 .

title: A pharmacological study of the spontaneous @entity410 activity induced by @entity6153 ( XXXX ) in the anaesthetized @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-Aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity6153 :: (MESH:C034221,Chemical) :: ['catechol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-stimulatory, meal-mediated electrical stimulation of the stomach (TANTALUS-DIAMOND) improves glycaemic control and causes modest @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who are inadequately controlled on oral anti- @entity6 medications. The magnitude of the glycaemic response in clinical studies has been variable. A preliminary analysis of data from @entity1 who had completed 6 months of treatment indicated that the glycaemic response to the electrical stimulation was inversely related to the baseline fasting plasma @entity412 level. METHOD: An analysis of 40 @entity1 who had had detailed longitudinal studies for 12 months. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with fasting plasma @entity1674  <= 1.7 mmol/l had mean decreases in HbA1c after 3, 6 and 12 months of gastric contraction modulation treatment of -15    2.1 mmol/mol (-1.39    0.20%), -16    2.2 mmol/mol (-1.48    0.20%) and -14    3.0 mmol/mol (-1.31    0.26%), respectively. In contrast, 18 @entity1 with fasting plasma @entity412 > 1.7 mmol/l had mean decreases in HbA1c of -7    1.7 mmol/mol (-0.66    0.16%), -5    1.6 mmol/mol (-0.44    0.18%) and -5    1.7 mmol/mol (-0.42    0.16%), respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient between fasting plasma @entity412 and decreases in @entity4051 c at 12 months of treatment was 0.34 (P < 0.05). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was unchanged during 12 months of treatment in @entity1 with high baseline fasting @entity1674 , while it progressively improved in @entity1 with low fasting plasma @entity1674 . @entity1 with low fasting plasma @entity1674 had a tendency to lose more weight than those with high fasting plasma @entity1674 , but this did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented suggest the existence of a @entity412 lipotoxic mechanism that interferes with gastric/neural mediated pathways that can regulate glycaemic control in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The data suggest the existence of a @entity412 lipotoxic pathway that interferes with gastric/neural mediated pathways that can regulate glycaemic control.

title: Fasting plasma @entity1674 predict the glycaemic response to treatment of @entity164 2 XXXX by gastric electrical stimulation. A novel lipotoxicity paradigm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of an Inpatient @entity6 Management Program (IDMP) on physician knowledge and inpatient glycemic control. METHODS: Residents assigned to General Internal Medicine inpatient services were randomized to receive the IDMP (IDMP group) or usual education only (non-IDMP group). Both groups received an overview of inpatient @entity6 management in conjunction with reminders of existing order sets on the hospital Web site. The IDMP group received print copies of the program and access to an electronic version for a personal digital assistant (PDA). A @entity6 Knowledge Test (DKT) was administered at baseline and at the end of the 1-month rotation. The frequency of @entity4854 among @entity1 under surveillance by each group was compared by using capillary blood @entity413 values and a dispersion index of glycemic variability. IDMP users completed a questionnaire related to the program. RESULTS: Twenty-two residents participated (11 in the IDMP group and 11 in the non-IDMP group). Overall @entity6 Knowledge Test scores improved in both groups (IDMP: 69%    1.7% versus 83%    2.1%, P = .003; non-IDMP: 76%    1.2% versus 84%    1.4%, P = .02). The percentage of correct responses for management of corticosteroid-associated @entity4854 (P = .004) and preoperative glycemic management (P = .006) improved in only the IDMP group. The frequency of @entity4854 (blood @entity413 level >180 mg/dL) and the dispersion index (5.3    7.6 versus 3.7    5.6; P = .2) were similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: An IDMP was effective at improving physician knowledge for managing @entity4854 in hospitalized @entity1 treated with @entity288 or in preparation for surgical procedures. Educational programs directed at improving overall health care provider knowledge for inpatient glycemic management may be beneficial; however, improvements in knowledge do not necessarily result in improved glycemic outcomes.

title: Effect of an educational Inpatient XXXX Management Program on medical resident knowledge and measures of glycemic control: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the syndrome of @entity1757 and @entity337 was described a long time ago, there is still no agreement about the @entity2483 and the optimal methods of management. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe a new simple technique of anatomic correction of all the components of the syndrome, based on redefining the salient anatomic and functional features of the syndrome. METHODS: Anatomic correction of the syndrome is achieved through a transaortic approach with the placement of a series of pledget-supported mattress sutures using autogenous pericardium. The sutures are used to close the @entity1757 , plicate the aortic sinus, and correct the outward and downward displacement of the anulus of the aortic valve. The technique is designed to correct all the anatomic functional components including severe @entity337 when present. RESULTS: Between 1972 and 1996, 46 @entity1 with this syndrome underwent surgical treatment. The current technique was used in most of the @entity1 operated on before 1981 and in all @entity1 since that date. There were no early or late deaths during a follow-up period varying from 3 months to 24 years (mean 8.4 years). @entity337 was abolished in 16 and improved in the remaining @entity1 , The hemodynamic results have been maintained except in five @entity1 operated on early in the series, in whom additional procedures on the cusps were performed. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic correction of all the components of the syndrome of prolapsing right coronary cusp, dilatation of the sinus of Valsalva, and @entity1757 , can be achieved by a very simple technique. This technique can be applied in young @entity1 and prevents progression and secondary changes. Early correction in all @entity1 with this syndrome is warranted.

title: Anatomic correction of the syndrome of prolapsing right coronary aortic cusp, dilatation of the sinus of Valsalva, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['anatomic and functional components of the syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic regurgitation', 'aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: @entity573 is an inflammatory arterial disease of unknown cause usually affecting young @entity1 , the principal complication of which is @entity574 . Early treatment with immunoglobulins and @entity117 prevents this complication. The diagnosis requires expert clinical criteria and, in atypical forms, a more recent decisional diagnostic tree has to be used. The authors report 6 cases of adult @entity573 . As in the other sixty or so cases in the literature, hepatic forms were the commonest (5/6). Only three of the six cases met the classical clinical criteria and the diagnosis was made by the decisional tree or after coronary complications in the oldest subject. The five treated @entity1 progressed favourably after a course of immunoglobulins. Echocardiography detected 100% of @entity1 with @entity301 but it was more difficult in adults in whom new non-invasive methods of coronary imaging (fast CT and MRI) and stress testing should complete the investigations. The association of prolonged pyrexia, clinical criteria and a biological inflammatory syndrome should, after exclusion of the differential diagnoses, suggest a diagnosis of @entity573 in the adult as in the @entity1 . The possibility of @entity301 , even though extremely rare, should be recognised by the cardiologist and lead to diagnostic and therapeutic managements as aggressive as in @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX is also a disease of adults: report of six cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: @entity9611 ( @entity5647 ), prepared as an alkaline solution, was administered iv and intraarterially (ia) by continuous infusion via an implantable pump in @entity235 . The @entity5647 serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations were measured over a 28-day treatment period by HPLC. Terminal brain @entity5647 concentrations were also measured. Control (vehicle only) animals were also studied. All animals were evaluated for pathological changes associated with the @entity5647 and vehicle infusions in catheterized vessels and other organs. In the iv @entity5647 treatment group, serum @entity5647 concentrations were relatively constant, with individual coefficients of variations (%CV) of 20% or less. Mean CSF:serum and brain:serum @entity5647 concentration ratios were 0.149 and 0.212, respectively. In the ia @entity5647 treatment group, serum @entity5647 concentrations were more variable than in the iv group, with %CV ranging from 22 to 79%. The fluctuations in serum concentrations were attributed to temporary blockages of the outflow catheter. Mean CSF:serum and brain:serum @entity5647 concentration ratios were 0.126 and 0.249, respectively. Pathological changes, similar in both control and treatment groups, included endothelial denudation and myointimal proliferation at the infusion sites. The conclusions of the study are (1) steady-state greater than 1 microM @entity5647 serum concentrations can be maintained chronically by use of an implantable pump containing a basic pH @entity5647 solution; (2) ia delivery of @entity5647 did not increase central nervous system uptake compared with iv administration; and (3) morbidity associated with the infused solutions does not seem to be a limitation for this mode of therapy.

title: XXXX serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain concentrations following chronic administration of a new @entity9611 formulation via an implantable pump in @entity235 [corrected].

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['Zidovudine']

answer: @entity9611 :: (MESH:D015215,Chemical) :: ['Zidovudine']


abstract: When knee @entity236 is observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it usually follows a pattern that can be explained by certain etiologies. This article describes a series of unusual knee bone @entity236 in soldiers presumed to represent self-inflicted @entity130 .Ten soldiers (9 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; age range, 19-24 years) underwent knee MRI. None reported recent @entity130 or stress, and all presented with nonspecific @entity158 to respond to therapy. All showed a similar unusual pattern of @entity236 in the medial femoral condyle. Three observers evaluated the location of the @entity236 within the medial femoral condyle and its distance from the articular surface, dimensions, overlying soft tissue abnormality, and internal derangements. The @entity4 was always subcortical and located in the middle aspect (n=7) or mid-anterior aspect (n=3) of the medial femoral condyle but was never centered subarticularly. @entity4 size ranged between 8   10   8 and 32   46   40 mm. Overlying soft tissue abnormalities were common (n=4) and included organizing (n=1) and residual @entity1410 (n=3). Concomitant @entity854 were seen in 3 @entity1 , usually minor. Eight @entity1 reported @entity158 with no antecedent @entity130 , and 2 reported remote @entity130 . One @entity1 had a negative 4-month follow-up MRI, and another had a negative arthroscopy. Poor correlation existed between MRI findings and the absence of stress and @entity130 . Soldier @entity4268 rooms were found that describe how to induce @entity174 at this location.

title: MRI appearance of presumed self-inflicted XXXX in the knees of military recruits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain or failure', 'longstanding pain']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow edemas', 'bone marrow edema']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: AIM: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows estimation of the percentage of body fat (%BF) regardless of the @entity1 's posture; thus, it is useful for assessment of elderly @entity1 with severe decline of basic activity who cannot hold a standing position. However, the accuracy by which the near-infrared light emitted from NIRS reflects subcutaneous tissue is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess how correctly NIRS reflects the subcutaneous fat and @entity121 derived from ultrasonography in community-dwelling elderly. METHODS: A total of 93 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older were enrolled in this study (mean 75.8 years, 6.7 SD). @entity1 were assessed according to optical density (OD) measurements by NIRS, subcutaneous fat and @entity121 by ultrasonography, and muscle strength. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for each sex. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors that contributed to OD for each sex. RESULTS: OD measured at the forearm and thigh were significantly correlated with subcutaneous fat thickness. In stepwise multiple regression analyses, subcutaneous fat thickness was found to be a significant determinant of OD in @entity1 (forearm b = -0.37, P = 0.01; thigh b = -0.63, P < 0.001) and @entity1 (forearm b = -0.50, P < 0.001; thigh: b = -0.52, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NIRS can appropriately estimate fat-free mass. By adding other variables to OD as the predictive variable, skeletal muscle mass might be estimated in the elderly population.

title: Relationship between near-infrared spectroscopy, and subcutaneous fat and XXXX measured by ultrasonography in Japanese community-dwelling elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle thickness']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle thickness']


abstract: Recently, Happle and Tinschert [Acta Derm Venereol 2008;88:382-387] described the case of a multisystem @entity600 with segmentally arranged @entity51914 associated with extracutaneous defects in the form of short leg, @entity5767 and hypoplastic teeth. The authors presented a comprehensive overview of 8 similar cases reported under various designations, and provided evidence that this syndrome includes various additional defects of the bones, teeth and brain. Here, a further typical case is reported, and it is emphasized that this phenotype should no longer be categorized as ' @entity9658 ', and thus be confused with the @entity1491 of Gorlin [Cancer 1965;18:89-104]. A 7-year-old @entity1 had multiple whitish and some scattered brownish @entity51914 involving the right side of his body in a systematized pattern following the lines of Blaschko. These lesions had been present since birth. They were hairless and @entity4182 . In addition, @entity154 and mild webbing of the first and second right toes were noted. At the age of 5 years, the @entity1 developed a @entity2946 that originated from the ipsilateral paramedian vermis region. The @entity5 was surgically removed, and subsequently radiotherapy and chemotherapy were applied. Analysis of blood DNA did not reveal any Patched mutation. The molecular basis of the disorder remains to be elucidated. From this case and from 9 similar cases reported in the literature, the spectrum of a distinct phenotype is delineated, and the eponymic designation @entity28947 is proposed.

title: @entity28947 . Segmentally arranged XXXX , linear atrophoderma with hypo- and hyperpigmentation, @entity154 , ipsilateral hypertrichosis, and skeletal and cerebral anomalies.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['enamel defects']

entities_list: @entity28947 :: ('MESH:D002806', 'Disease') :: ['Happle-Tinschert syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['conspicuously hypopigmented']

entities_list: @entity51914 :: ('MESH:C565284', 'Disease') :: ['basaloid follicular hamartomas']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect']

entities_list: @entity9658 :: ('MESH:D001478', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell nevus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome']

answer: @entity51914 :: (MESH:C565284,Disease) :: ['basaloid follicular hamartomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the @entity137 and mineralization effects of @entity9029 in @entity1 dental pulp cells (hDPCs) under @entity519 and normoxic culture conditions. DESIGN: Cell viability was evaluated using XTT assay after incubation periods of 24, 48, or 72h. The expression of mineralization-related genes (osteonectin, @entity1096 , dentin sialophosphoprotein, collagen type 1) and @entity13975 ( @entity13975 ) was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at 24 and 72h. RESULTS: In XTT assay, viability was higher in 0.3, 1, 2, 4, and 5mM groups in the presence of 21% @entity3612 after 24h (p<0.05). Additionally, while 0.3, 1, 2mM groups had higher cell viability in the presence of 21% @entity3612 after 48h (p<0.05), in 3mM groups cell viability was higher under 3% @entity3612 than 21% @entity3612 after both 24 and 48h (p<0.05). 1-3mM groups had higher cell viability under 3% @entity3612 after 72h (p<0.05). There was no difference between 4 and 5mM groups with regards to cell viability after 48 or 72h (p>0.05). In the gene expression study, @entity9029 -treated hDPCs showed lower mineralization potential in the presence of 3% than with 21% @entity3612 (p<0.05). hDPCs revealed higher HO 1 expression in 0.3 and 1mM groups under @entity519 than under normoxic conditions after a 72-h time period (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity519 conditions increased cell survival in accordance with the culture period but inhibited the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs treated with @entity9029 .

title: @entity519 inhibits mineralization ability of XXXX dental pulp cells treated with @entity9029 but increases cell survival in accordance with the culture time.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']