abstract: Hemoglobin-vesicles ( @entity97 ) are liposomal artificial @entity26 carriers that may be useful as a resuscitation fluid during @entity548 ( @entity548 ). It is well-known that the pharmacokinetic properties of liposome change in response to both pathological conditions and repeated administration. Therefore, we compared the pharmacokinetics of single versus repeated administration of @entity97 during @entity548 . @entity548 was induced by withdrawal of 40% of total blood volume. The normal (non- @entity548 ) and HS1 group was received an injection of 125I-labeled @entity97 (125I- @entity97 ). The HS2 group was resuscitated with non-labeled @entity97 , and 1 h later, it received an injection of 125I- @entity97 . The half-life was shorter in HS1 @entity35 , but it returned to non- @entity548 levels after the second @entity97 injection. During 12 h after administration of @entity97 , tissue distribution of @entity97 was greatest in the HS1 group; however, the HS2 group had the greatest tissue distribution at subsequent time points. Excretion into urine, major elimination pathway, did not differ between non- @entity548 and HS1 @entity35 , but was significantly reduced in the HS2 group. Furthermore, the half-life of @entity97 in @entity1 was estimated to be approximately 3-4 days using an allometric equation. This suggests that @entity97 may be a useful artificial @entity26 carrier in @entity548 based on @entity97 pharmacokinetics.

title: Pharmacokinetics of single and repeated injection of hemoglobin-vesicles in XXXX @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the recurrence risk of @entity3152 and estimate the perinatal mortality in repeated preterm deliveries. METHODS: Prospective study in Tanzania of 18  176 @entity1 who delivered a singleton between 2000 and 2008 at KCMC hospital. The @entity1 were followed up to 2010 for consecutive births. A total of 3359 @entity1 were identified with a total of 3867 subsequent deliveries in the follow-up period. Recurrence risk of @entity600 and perinatal mortality was estimated using log-binomial regression and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: For @entity1 with a previous @entity600 , the risk of @entity600 in a subsequent pregnancy was 17%. This recurrence risk was estimated to be 2.7-fold (95% CI: 2.1-3.4) of the risk of @entity1 with a previous term birth. The perinatal mortality of babies in a second @entity600 of the same @entity1 was 15%. Babies born at term who had an older sibling that was born preterm had a perinatal mortality of 10%. Babies born at term who had an older sibling who was also born at term had a perinatal mortality of 1.7%. CONCLUSION: Previous delivery of a preterm @entity1 is a strong predictor of future preterm births in Tanzania. Previous or repeated preterm births increase the risk of perinatal @entity204 substantially in the subsequent pregnancy.

title: Recurrence of XXXX and perinatal mortality in northern Tanzania: registry-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The inspiration of @entity1953 containing dust leads to various respiratory symptoms, including @entity565 and @entity401 . @entity7446 caused by @entity5303 has been diagnosed in a 35-year-old @entity1 , who worked as a @entity11710 polishing disc former. The @entity1 presented a 2-year history of @entity1353 , cough and symptoms of @entity2490 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 underwent a medical history interview, skin prick tests with common and occupational allergens ( @entity1953 and @entity14149 ), and pulmonary function testing both before and after the nasal provocation with 0.05% @entity5303 . Additionally, the authors analyzed morphological and biochemical changes before and after the specific nasal challenge test. Cell proliferation analysis was also carried out. RESULTS: Skin prick tests (SPTs) with common environmental allergens were found to be negative, while SPTs with @entity5303 were positive for all applied solutions. The provocation with @entity5303 caused a significant increase in the proportion of eosinophils, basophils and albumin during the late @entity56 . The positive lymphocyte transformation caused by @entity1953 was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1953 salts may induce @entity7446 . The mechanism of this @entity565 may be IgE-mediated. The @entity1953 -sensitized lymphocytes may play an important role in this disease.

title: @entity7446 caused by XXXX in a @entity11710 polisher after cessation of occupational exposure: a case report.

entities_list: @entity5303 :: ('MESH:C018021', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt chloride']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['Occupational asthma', 'occupational asthma']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1953 :: ('MESH:D003035', 'Chemical') :: ['Cobalt', 'cobalt']

entities_list: @entity14149 :: ('MESH:C022838', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel chloride']

answer: @entity5303 :: (MESH:C018021,Chemical) :: ['cobalt chloride']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14244 ( @entity14244 ) complicates 15% of monochorionic twin pregnancies, often being associated with recipient @entity299 . Untreated, it has a fetal mortality rate of at least 90%; although treatment by fetoscopic @entity3459 significantly improves prognosis. Measurement of recipient amniotic fluid metabolites, such as cardiac Troponin T and atrial natriuretic polypeptide, correlate with cardiac function in this fetus. The aim of this study is to describe the amniotic fluid metabolomic profile in @entity14244 , relate this to fetal recipient cardiac function and assess the metabolomic changes induced by fetoscopic @entity3459 . METHODS: Prospective single centre cohort study. The metabolomics profile of the amniotic fluid from the recipient sac of @entity14244 pregnancies was assessed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Profiles were compared pre- and post- @entity3459 and related to fetal recipient cardiac function, as assessed using Doppler ultrasound within 4  h of treatment. RESULTS: Eleven metabolites had significant associations with recipient fetal right and left ventricular myocardial performance index pre-laser. 200 metabolites in recipient amniotic fluid demonstrated a change in relative concentrations when comparing pre- and post- @entity3459 (p  <  0.005). The most prominent change is in the balance of @entity1735 and @entity844 metabolic profile contributing to fetal or placental energy metabolism. These changes were also associated with the echocardiographic measures of recipient cardiac function. DISCUSSION: Changes in @entity1735 and @entity844 metabolic profiles are noted in recipients with @entity299 , and further changes are noted after treatment. Validation and investigation may identify targets for potential pharmacological treatment.

title: @entity1735 and XXXX perturbations in the amniotic fluid of the recipient twin of pregnancies complicated by @entity14244 in relation to treatment and fetal cardiovascular risk.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['laser coagulation']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['TTTS', 'Twin-twin transfusion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: In an open study, a single oral dose of 400 mg of @entity800 was administered to 40 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 who required treatment for uncomplicated @entity2954 . Thirty-six @entity1 and 13 @entity1 were evaluable. @entity800 eradicated 49 of 49 urethral or endocervical @entity2954 and 1 of 1 pharyngeal infection. There were 55 pretreatment isolates of @entity6368 available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twenty-four (43.6%) produced penicillinase. Eighteen (32.7%) isolates that did not produce penicillinase had @entity114 MICs greater than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/mL. Twelve (21.8%) isolates had @entity803 MICs greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/mL. The geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentrations (range) for 55 pretreatment @entity6368 isolates were: @entity800 , 0.014 (.0078-.03) micrograms/mL; @entity114 , 6.30 (.125-128) micrograms/mL; and @entity803 1.61 (.03-128) micrograms/mL. There were few side effects. @entity800 appears to be an effective and safe oral therapy for the treatment of @entity281 caused by @entity6368 including @entity281 due to @entity114 - and @entity803 -resistant strains.

title: Evaluation of @entity800 in the treatment of uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal infections', 'gonococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['Ofloxacin', 'ofloxacin']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['gonorrhea']


abstract: We describe nine @entity1 , five @entity1 and four @entity1 (age at death 58-83 years), who developed isolated progressive @entity4943 over 4 to 12 years. These cases represent nine of the 385 (2.3%) cases from a series of autopsy cases of @entity303 in a large teaching hospital. One had a mother with a history of @entity4943 and @entity75 . Another had multiple affected family members with @entity4943 , @entity4681 or both. None of the nine had clinical evidence of either an upper or lower motor @entity528 . In each case neuropathological examination revealed cortical pathology identical to that described previously as typical of @entity303 associated with @entity4681 . There was variable macroscopic @entity194 and @entity528 in the frontal and temporal lobes. All cases had cortical microvacuolation, in seven limited to cortical layer II, and transcortical in two. There was variable cortical and subcortical @entity5219 . Intraneuronal ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions, characteristic of the extra-motor involvement of @entity4681 , were found in the hippocampal dentate granule cells and residual neurones in layer II of the frontotemporal cortex of all cases. Similar inclusions were also seen in the nucleus ambiguus of three cases. The hypoglossal nuclei showed no @entity528 , @entity5219 or ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions. Ubiquitin-immunoreactive @entity3986 were detected within affected cortex, being most conspicuous in layer II in areas containing microvacuolation. @entity3986 were not detected in subcortical structures. Spinal cords were unavailable for examination because of limited autopsy consent. The finding of intraneuronal ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions characteristic of @entity4681 in @entity1 with @entity4943 , without clinical or pathological evidence of motor system degeneration, extends the clinical spectrum of diseases associated with such inclusions. We propose the term @entity52686 ( @entity52686 ) for these cases.

title: @entity4681 -inclusion XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['marked frontal lobe atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic neurites', 'Dystrophic neurites']

entities_list: @entity52686 :: ('MESH:C563954', 'Disease') :: ['motor neurone disease-inclusion dementia', 'MNDID']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neurone disease']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neurone disorder', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is renewed interest in adjuvant chemotherapy after complete resection of @entity1149 , including stage IB (T2N0) @entity5 . Given the heterogeneity of the T2 classification, we hypothesize that there are survival differences in @entity1 with stage IB NSCLC based on specific histopathologic @entity5 characteristics. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of 119 consecutive @entity1 from 1999 to 2004 with a pathologic diagnosis of @entity1149 was performed. @entity1 follow-up was 97%. Overall survival and disease-free survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed using the log rank test and multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazard model. Data were significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS: The 4-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 62% and 60%, respectively. The local and distant recurrence rates were 5% and 18%, respectively. @entity5 size (p = 0.001), histologic grade (p = 0.002), the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (p = 0.002), angioinvasion (p = 0.03), and visceral pleural involvement (p = 0.02) were predictors of overall survival by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated increasing @entity5 size (1.26 [95% confidence intervals 1.12, 1.64]) and histologic grade (4.05 [95% confidence intervals 1.38, 11.90]) to be significant independent predictors of a worse overall survival. The 4-year survival of @entity1 without any of these variables was 89% compared with 56% if one or more of these factors were present (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: There is significant heterogeneity in the T2N0 class of @entity1149 . Risk stratification using specific histopathologic variables may help determine which @entity1 will benefit most from adjuvant therapy.

title: Stage IB XXXX : are they all the same?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['T2N0 nonsmall cell lung cancer', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancers']


abstract: A mutation in retinal photoreceptor-specific proteins causes nearly 50% of @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) cases; the other 50% is called sporadic @entity6391 , the etiology of which is unknown. To alleviate @entity6391 development, gene therapies, including insertion of a wild type gene or replacement of mutant genes, have been conducted in animal models. The result was not always satisfactory. We found that a mutant misfolded @entity18588 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and that the resultant unfolded protein response (UPR) induces apoptosis in the retinal photoreceptor cells in transgenic S334ter @entity35 . The levels of mutant misfolded @entity18588 , not those of normal @entity18588 appear to control disease development. Since mutant misfolded @entity18588 induces ER stress, it is essential to eliminate even minute levels of the mutant misfolded @entity18588 from retinal photoreceptor cells. We speculate that a complete elimination of mutant @entity18588 is more important than an insertion of a normal gene. Here, we propose a silencing gene therapy for complete elimination of mutant unfolded @entity18588 from photoreceptor cells. To achieve this therapy, custom synthesized double-stranded small interfering (si)RNAs will be used to silence the mutant @entity18588 mRNA. The silencing gene therapy will be applicable to many @entity74 caused by ER stress induced by mutant membrane, secretory, and lipid proteins.

title: Silencing gene therapy for mutant membrane, secretory, and lipid proteins in XXXX ( @entity6391 ).

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to clarify the @entity167 -drinking habits in @entity1 with @entity8883 in Japan. METHODS: A questionnaire was made to ask about the @entity167 consumption in @entity1 with @entity8883 treated between April 1, 2006, and March 31, 2009. The questionnaire was mailed to 1295 hospitals. RESULTS: Detailed information on the @entity167 consumption was obtained in 396 @entity1 with alcoholic acute @entity788 (338 males and 58 females) and 670 @entity1 with @entity8883 (609 males and 61 females). Female @entity1 developed acute @entity788 6.8 years or were diagnosed as having chronic @entity788 9.7 years earlier compared with male @entity1 . Duration of @entity167 consumption was shorter, and cumulative amounts of @entity167 consumption before the diagnosis of @entity8883 were smaller in female @entity1 than those in male @entity1 . Male smokers developed acute or chronic @entity788 at younger ages than did nonsmokers. Compared with those who achieved complete abstinence, continued drinking as before increased the risk of recurrence within 2.1 years to 7.1-fold. CONCLUSIONS: Female @entity1 develop @entity8883 at younger ages, with shorter duration and smaller cumulative amounts of @entity167 consumption than compared with male @entity1 . Male smokers developed @entity8883 at younger ages than did nonsmokers. Continued @entity167 drinking led to the recurrence of @entity788 .

title: Sex and age differences in XXXX in Japan: a multicenter nationwide survey.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic chronic pancreatitis', 'alcoholic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity8883 :: (MESH:D019512,Disease) :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']


abstract: In three cases of primary massive @entity75 with @entity772 , various automatic movements of the extremities were elicited by physical or sensory stimulation. In each case, these movements appeared after a period of cessation of spontaneous respiration followed by flaccid @entity1688 . Brainstem reflexes were absent throughout in all cases. The movements were induced mainly by ventroflexion of the neck, and each case showed movements as described below: in the first case, the @entity1 flexed her elbows and raised both arms slowly, a typical Lazarus sign; in the second case, the @entity1 raised both arms and showed @entity717 ; and the third case showed abduction of both legs and extension in the upper extremities. Pathology in the first case showed @entity63 changes in the entire brain and brainstem. Although @entity63 change was also found in the anterior horn cells and white matter of the spinal cord of C1-C4 and of T4 and below, the spinal cord of C5-T3 was relatively well-preserved. These movements appear to have essentially originated in spinal neurons; however, it is assumed that they must have recovered from spinal shock which occurred due to upper level transection. These movements were induced by ventroflexion of the neck, so mechanical extension of the spinal roots, mechanical compression of the spinal cord, and various modalities of the sensation afferent might have some relation to these movements. As tonic neck reflex might also be a cause of these, movements, association with the lower medulla could not be ruled out completely. These movements appeared nearing or after @entity1620 . Although in each case of @entity1620 the spinal cord may have been affected by specific conditions, such as impaired circulation of whole central nervous sysytem, it might have been transversed at upper level, which then causes spinal automatism. These movements might appear even in the state of @entity204 . In each case, the distribution and severity of @entity519 changes in the spinal cord may have resulted in variations in the type and characteristics of these movements.

title: [Automatic movements of extremities induced in primary massive @entity75 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['apneic coma']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic movements']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem death']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['apneic coma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted MRI without fat saturation has been recommended for assessment of @entity995 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare diagnostic image quality without and with fat saturation following @entity2287 administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-resolution @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted sequences with and without fat saturation performed in @entity1 with subsequently histopathologically confirmed @entity995 were included. Image analysis (image quality [1 = poor, 2 = moderate, 3 = good], anatomical detail depiction, @entity5 extension) was performed by two neuroradiologists in consensus. Enhancement was scored and measured. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated. Image-assessed @entity5 invasiveness was compared to histopathological findings. Paired sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 (mean age, 19.0    16.8 [SD] months) were included. Image quality and anatomical detail depiction were significantly better without fat saturation (P < 0.001). @entity5 enhancement was rated higher with fat saturation (P < 0.001). Fat saturation improved detection of (post-)laminar optic nerve infiltration. Detection of @entity3 was improved without fat saturation. Combining both sequences was best in the assessment of @entity5 extension (sensitivity/specificity for (post-)laminar optic nerve infiltration, 75.0%/100.0%, and for @entity3 , 87.5%/85.7%). CONCLUSION: Combined T1-weighted spin-echo imaging with and without fat saturation improved the image quality for assessment of invasiveness of @entity995 .

title: Diagnostic image quality of @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted MRI with and without fat saturation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal invasion']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5345 mutation carriers have a high rate of both @entity5344 . @entity440 is a selective @entity172 receptor modulator (SERM), which is used for the treatment of primary @entity0 and for the prevention of @entity0 . Our objective is to assess if @entity440 treatment is associated with an increase in the subsequent risk of @entity43 among @entity1 with a @entity5345 mutation. METHODS: A matched case-control study was performed. Cases were 154 @entity1 with @entity43 and a previous history of @entity0 . Controls were 560 @entity1 with no @entity43 and a history of @entity0 . All cases and controls carry a deleterious @entity5345 mutation. Cases and controls were matched for year of birth, age at diagnosis of @entity0 and country of residence. The effect of @entity440 treatment on the risk of subsequent @entity43 was estimated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The unadjusted odds ratio for @entity43 , given previous @entity440 treatment was 0.89 (95% CI 0.54-1.49, p=0.66). After adjusting for other treatments, the odds ratio was 0.78 (95% CI 0.46-1.33, p=0.36). CONCLUSION: @entity440 treatment for @entity0 does not appear to increase the risk of @entity43 in @entity5345 mutation carriers.

title: @entity440 and the risk of @entity43 in XXXX mutation carriers.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipoplatin is a new liposomal @entity900 designed to reduce @entity900 @entity137 without reducing efficacy. In the present randomized phase II study, we examined the efficacy and safety of a Lipoplatin- @entity136 versus a @entity900 - @entity136 combination as first line treatment in advanced NSCLC. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced (stages IIIB-IV) NSCLC received up to six 21-day cycles of @entity25777 120 mg/m(2) (days 1, 8, 15) and @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) (days 1+8) (arm A; LipoGem) versus @entity900 100mg/m(2) (day 1) and @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) (days 1+8) (arm B; CisGem). The primary objective was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary objectives were disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response and overall survival (OS). Another secondary objective was safety and tolerability of the LipoGem combination. RESULTS: Eighty-eight @entity1 (n=88) entered the study; 47 @entity1 were treated with LipoGem versus 41 @entity1 treated with CisGem. Efficacy was assessed in @entity1 who completed at least 1 cycle of treatment; ORR was 31.7% in arm A versus 25.6% in arm B and DCR was 70.7% versus 56.4%, respectively. A preliminary efficacy of LipoGem versus CisGem in the @entity420 histological subtype of NSCLC showed 16.7% versus 45.8% PD. Treatment in arm A was better tolerated with myelotoxicity and a transient mild elevation of serum @entity1011 as the dominant side effects; the only grade 4 adverse event was @entity1398 noted in 2% of the @entity1 . There was a significant reduction in nephrotoxicity in the LipoGem arm (0% versus 5% grade III, p-value<0.001) as well as in @entity1209 (2% versus 12% grade III, p-value<0.001). In addition, less antiemetics and @entity1261 were administered in arm A. CONCLUSION: Overall, Lipoplatin appears to have lower @entity137 , mainly @entity8 as well as higher efficacy than @entity900 when combined with @entity136 in advanced NSCLC.

title: Phase II study of liposomal XXXX (Lipoplatin) plus @entity136 versus @entity900 plus @entity136 as first line treatment in inoperable (stage IIIB/IV) non-small cell lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity25777 :: ('MESH:C503131', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipoplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea vomiting']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 61-year-old female @entity1 was admitted to hospital following development of a whole-body @entity1910 for 10 days, @entity294 for 7 days, and unconsciousness and @entity1458 for 1 day. The @entity1 had developed stomach discomfort following the oral administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the exact nature of which was unknown, for the treatment of @entity158 for >1 month. The @entity1 was then prescribed @entity4546 enteric-coated tablets (20 mg twice daily) for treatment of this symptom. However, the @entity1 developed a whole-body @entity1910 7 days after administering @entity4546 , 10 days prior to admission. This symptom was followed by severe @entity294 with @entity390 and @entity391 after 10 days, then shock. The shock occurred after administering @entity4546 for 16 days. The @entity1 developed a whole body @entity1910 7 days after administering @entity4546 , then 3 days later (after administering @entity4546 for 10 days) severe @entity294 with @entity390 and @entity391 occurred. The shock remained until administering @entity4546 on the 16th day, with severe @entity294 with @entity390 and @entity391 occurring 6 days later. The @entity1 's condition did not improve following treatment for @entity566 , low blood pressure and @entity1458 in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) department at Suzhou Municipal Hospital. For further diagnosis and treatment, the @entity1 was admitted to the ICU department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College and was given a fluid infusion, antibiotics and phlegm-reducing treatment, a plasma infusion, blood filtration, and anti-diarrheal and anti- @entity566 treatment. The @entity1 's vital signs were stable, with a normal temperature and hemogram results, and improved kidney function and deflorescence. Genetic screening revealed that the @entity1 poorly metabolized @entity4546 . Therefore, severe adverse reactions ( @entity56 , @entity1910 and @entity294 ) experienced by the @entity1 were caused by the accumulation of @entity4546 metabolites resulting from its slow metabolism in vivo.

title: Severe adverse reactions caused by XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic shock']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic pain']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop an evidence-based checklist to identify potential drug related problems (PDRP) in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . SETTING: The evidence based checklist was applied to records of ambulatory @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 in New South Wales, Australia. METHOD: After comprehensive review of the literature, relevant medication groups and potential drug related problems in @entity164 2 @entity6 were identified. All the relevant information was then structured in the form of a checklist. To test the utility of the evidence-based checklist a cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted. The PDRP checklist was applied to the data of 148 @entity1 with @entity2175 and poor glycaemic control. The range and extent of DRPs in this population were identified, which were categorized using the PCNE classification. In addition, the relationship between the total as well as each category of DRPs and several of the @entity1 ' clinical parameters was investigated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Number and category of DRPs per @entity1 . RESULTS: The PDRP checklist was successfully developed and consisted of six main sections. 682 potential DRPs were identified using the checklist, an average of 4.6 (SD = 1.7) per @entity1 . Metabolic and blood pressure control in the study subjects was generally poor: with a mean @entity4051 c of 8.7% (SD = 1.5) and mean blood pressure of 139.8 mmHg (SD = 18.1)/81.7 mmHg (SD = 11.1). The majority of DRPs was recorded in the categories 'therapy failure' (n = 264) and 'drug choice problem' (n = 206). Potentially non-adherent @entity1 had a significantly higher HbA1c than @entity1 who adhered to therapy (HbA1c of 9.4% vs. 8.5%; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This is the first tool developed specifically to detect potential DRPs in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . It was used to identify DRPs in a sample of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 and demonstrated the high prevalence of DRPs per @entity1 . The checklist may assist pharmacists and other health care professionals to systematically identify issues in therapy and management of their @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 and enable earlier intervention to improve metabolic control.

title: Development of an evidence-based checklist for the detection of drug related problems in @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['established type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze treatment outcome of radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with @entity5 managed by surgery followed by @entity86 (SRT) and definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and to thereby evaluate the most feasible treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 124 @entity1 , 67 underwent CRT, and 57 underwent SRT. We compared survival and complication rates in both groups. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 57 months (range, 19 to 255 months) for surviving @entity1 . At five years, locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 88% and 80%, respectively. No significant difference in LRPFS (p=0.491) and @entity1349 (p=0.177) was observed between CRT and SRT. In multivariate analysis, old age and higher T stage showed a significant association with poor LRPFS, PFS, and @entity1349 ; higher N stage showed an association with poor PFS and a trend of poor LRPFS, while no association with @entity1349 was observed; treatment modality (CRT and SRT) showed no association with LRFPS, PFS, and @entity1349 . Grade 3 or higher @entity33 was observed in 12 @entity1 (21%) in the SRT group, and 25 @entity1 (37%) in the CRT group. CONCLUSION: Definitive CRT and SRT have similar treatment outcomes for @entity1 with @entity5 . Although acute complication rate appears to be higher in the CRT group, it should be noted that not all data on complications were included in this retrospective study. To determine the most feasible treatment modality, not only @entity33 and @entity2133 , but also emotional aspect and quality of life, should be considered.

title: Definitive Radiotherapy versus Postoperative Radiotherapy for Tonsil XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III-IV tonsil cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative RT']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to assess the overall incidence and duration of alterations in tongue sensation and taste after operative microlaryngoscopy, and the relation of these symptoms to operative time. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of information regarding tongue symptoms in @entity1 who completed standard post-microlaryngoscopy follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 (54 male and 46 female; mean age, 46 years; age range, 14 to 83 years) met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen @entity1 had positive findings at 1 week: 15 complained of paresthesia and 3 of @entity2342 . The symptoms decreased over time without treatment (4% of @entity1 at 1 month and 1% of @entity1 at 3 months). Only 1 case of @entity2342 persisted past 3 months. Gender was found to be a significant independent risk factor for the development of symptoms (odds ratio, 5.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 31.29; p = .013). @entity1 whose operations lasted longer than 1 hour were almost 4 times more likely to develop tongue-related symptoms than those with an operative time less than 30 minutes, although these findings did not achieve statistical significance (odds ratio, 3.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.62 to 30.95; p = .182). CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in tongue sensation and taste, most likely due to @entity27905 , are common after microlaryngoscopy, especially in female @entity1 . They also tend to be associated with longer operative times. Although transient in nearly every case, @entity809 and @entity2342 should form part of the preoperative discussion with the @entity1 .

title: Tongue paresthesia and XXXX following operative microlaryngoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['lingual paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['dysgeusia']

entities_list: @entity27905 :: ('MESH:D061222', 'Disease') :: ['lingual nerve injury']

answer: @entity2342 :: (MESH:D004408,Disease) :: ['dysgeusia']


abstract: We examined chronological changes in regional tissue elasticity (stiffness) and fluidity (1/viscosity) of the white matter during the development and @entity2657 . @entity130 was created in the cortex of cat brain, and the brain was prepared for measurement of regional tissue elasticity and fluidity. The results were then compared with the histology and tissue water content. Vasogenic @entity4 developed in the white matter under the lesioned cortex (4-24 h) and was resolved by day 10. Regional tissue elasticity decreased significantly during the initial 24 h (45.3 +/- 32.5% of the control (mean +/- S.D.), and then increased to 158.6 +/- 32.3% of the control level at day 10. Regional tissue fluidity increased to 376.7 +/- 240.4% of the control level during the initial 24 h decreased to 77.7 +/- 17.9% of the control level at day 10. Histological examination of the white matter revealed widening of the inter-fiber space at 4-24 h after lesioning and @entity5219 at day 10. Thus vasogenic @entity4 causes an increase of tissue fluidity with a decrease of tissue elasticity. @entity5219 after the resolution of @entity4 causes an increase of tissue elasticity with mild decrease in tissue fluidity.

title: Time course of tissue elasticity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytosis', 'Reactive astrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of vasogenic brain edema']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Cryogenic injury']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['fluidity in vasogenic brain edema']


abstract: The frequency and clinical significance of secondary @entity882 following initial engraftment in autologous @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is unknown. An institutional review board approved retrospective study of thrombopoiesis was performed in 359 @entity1 transplanted with autologous blood (97%) or marrow (3%) who achieved platelet engraftment to >50,000/microL. @entity882 ( @entity882 ) was defined as >50% decline in blood platelets to <100,000/microL in the absence of relapse or @entity295 . @entity882 occurred at a median of day +35 posttransplant in 17% of @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity882 had similar initial platelet engraftment (median 17 days) versus non- @entity882 @entity1 (18 days; P=NS) and recovered platelet counts (median 123,00 K/microL) by day 110 posttransplant. Four factors were independently associated with @entity8 in a multivariate model: disease status at transplant; the number of prior chemotherapy regimens, failure to achieve a platelet count of >150,000/microL posttransplant, and the occurrence of @entity882 . A prognostic score was developed based upon the occurrence of @entity882 and posttransplant platelet counts of <150,000/microL. Survival of @entity1 with both factors (n=25) was poor (15% alive at 5 years); @entity1 with 1 factor (n=145) had 49% 5-year survival; @entity1 with 0 factors (n=189) had 72% 5-year survival. @entity1 who failed to achieve a platelet count of >150,000/microL received significantly fewer @entity2280 + cells/kg (P<.001), whereas @entity1 with @entity882 received fewer @entity2280 + @entity3053 - cells/kg (P=.0006). The kinetics of posttransplant thrombopoiesis is an independent prognostic factor for long-term survival following autologous @entity4306 . @entity882 and lower initial posttransplant platelet counts reflect poor engraftment with long-term and short-term repopulating @entity2280 + hematopoietic stem cells, respectively, and are associated with an increased risk of @entity204 from disease relapse.

title: Posttransplant thrombopoiesis predicts survival in @entity1 undergoing autologous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant death', 'HPCT', 'hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic secondary posttransplant thrombocytopenia', 'ISPT', 'thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity1759 gene undergoes extensive alternative splicing of multiple variable exons positioned in a cassette in the middle of the gene. Expression of alternative exons is often restricted to certain tissues and could be associated with @entity5 progression and @entity3 of several @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity0 . Exon v4 contains multiple copies of a C/A-rich exon enhancer sequence required for optimal inclusion of the exon and binding to the nucleic acid-binding proteins @entity25536 and @entity1 Tra2-beta1. Here, we show that hTra2-beta1, a member of the extended family of @entity563 / @entity369 -rich (SR) splicing factors, enhances the in vivo inclusion of @entity1759 exons v4 and v5. It increased inclusion of exons v4 and v5 and acted synergistically with @entity25536 . Activation required the C/A-rich enhancer within exon v4. Several other SR proteins had none or only a slight effect on @entity1759 exon inclusion. In contrast, @entity5313 inhibited exon usage and antagonized the effects of Tra2 or @entity25536 . In a matched pair analysis of @entity1 @entity0 and their corresponding nonpathologic tissue controls, we found a significant induction of Tra2-beta1 in invasive @entity0 , both on the RNA and protein levels. Together with our functional data, these results suggest an important role for Tra2-beta1 in @entity0 . Induction of this splicing factor might be responsible for splicing of @entity1759 isoforms associated with @entity5 progression and @entity3 .

title: Splicing factor Tra2-beta1 is specifically induced in XXXX and regulates alternative splicing of the @entity1759 gene.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In this randomised, double-blind study carried out in 28 centres, @entity4580 (500 mg single dose on day 1, followed by 250 mg once-daily on days 2-5) was compared with cefaclor (500 mg t.i.d. for 10 days) in the treatment of acute @entity2028 . A total of 119 @entity1 entered the study, and of these 71 were evaluable and included in the efficacy analysis. The overall satisfactory clinical response was 97.3% for @entity4580 @entity1 and 100% for cefaclor @entity1 . The clinical cure rates of @entity4580 and cefaclor were 46.9% and 41.0%, respectively; improvement was seen in an additional 46.9% of @entity4580 -treated @entity1 and in 59.0% of the cefaclor group. The bacteriological eradication rates were 80.4% and 92.6%, respectively. These rates of clinical and bacteriological efficacy, were not statistically different. Both antibiotics were well tolerated during the study; only two @entity1 (one on each study drug) discontinued medication due to adverse events. The overall incidence of side effects was 18.9% (10 of 53 @entity1 ) for @entity4580 - and 12.1% (eight of 66 @entity1 ) for cefaclor-treated @entity1 . @entity344 were the most commonly reported side effects (nine of 10 @entity4580 -treated @entity1 and six of eight cefaclor-treated @entity1 ). In addition, two cefaclor @entity1 reported @entity10 . All @entity4580 side effects were mild or moderate in severity, but there were two severe occurrences in the cefaclor group (1 @entity390 , 1 @entity391 ) the later leading to discontinuation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute @entity2028 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['Azithromycin']


abstract: @entity792 are characterized by enhanced @entity731 . Humoral immune responses to mycobacterial @entity11217 , @entity1 @entity11217 , and to oxLDL have been established in a number of @entity1 @entity792 and are considered to be associated with @entity731 . The aim of this study was to evaluate carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in @entity1 having @entity785 ( @entity785 ) and to find out whether early @entity731 is associated with these autoantibodies. Forty-four @entity1 having @entity785 underwent clinical evaluation and carotid artery @entity121 measurement. Several autoantibodies were tested among @entity1 and a control group. The antibodies against @entity1 @entity11217 were measured by antihuman (IgG/IgM) @entity11217 ELISA kit. IgGs and IgMs antimycobacterial @entity11217 were determined using an ELISA with mycobacterial recombinant @entity11217 antigens. Similarly, anti-oxLDL antibodies were measured by an ELISA kit. Abnormal @entity121 levels were significantly more common in @entity785 @entity1 compared with control subjects. Age was found as the sole most significant clinical parameter associated with carotid artery @entity121 in @entity785 . Disease duration, type of @entity785 , lung function tests, and cardiovascular risk factors were not associated with @entity121 in these @entity1 . Levels of @entity11217 , @entity11217 , and oxLDL autoantibodies were similar among @entity1 compared with controls, and in @entity1 having "positive" IgM anti- @entity11217 , higher @entity121 values were found. Abnormal carotid @entity121 is more prevalent in @entity785 than in normal subjects. Age rather than other clinical parameters is associated with early atherosclerotic changes in @entity785 . Autoantibodies to oxLDL, @entity11217 , and @entity11217 are not elevated in @entity785 and there is only a borderline association with carotid artery @entity121 .

title: Early @entity731 and autoantibodies to heat-shock proteins and oxidized LDL in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases', 'Autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity1 with @entity438 (ACoA) @entity439 have historically been observed to have poor neuropsychological outcomes, and @entity438 have accounted for a higher proportion of ruptured than @entity439 . Authors of this study aimed to investigate the morphological and clinical characteristics predisposing to ACoA @entity1756 . METHODS: Data from 140 consecutive @entity1 with @entity438 managed at the authors' facility between July 2003 and November 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with (78) and without (62) @entity1756 were divided into groups, and morphological and clinical characteristics were compared. Morphological characteristics were evaluated based on 3D CT angiography and included @entity439 location, dominance of the A1 portion of the anterior cerebral artery, direction of the @entity439 dome around the ACoA, @entity439 (s), size of the @entity439 and its neck, @entity439 -parent artery angle, and existence of other @entity438 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity438 were significantly younger (a higher proportion were younger than 60 years of age) than those with @entity75 , and a significantly smaller proportion had @entity1007 . A significantly larger proportion of @entity1 with @entity1756 showed an anterior direction of the @entity439 dome around the ACoA, had a bleb(s), and/or had an @entity439 size >=  5 mm. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an anterior direction of the @entity439 dome around the ACoA (OR 6.0, p = 0.0012), the presence of a bleb(s) (OR 22, p < 0.0001), and an @entity439 size >=  5 mm (OR 3.16, p = 0.035) were significantly associated with ACoA @entity1756 . CONCLUSIONS: Findings in the present study demonstrated that the anterior projection of an ACoA @entity439 may be related to @entity397 . The authors would perhaps recommend treatment to @entity1 with unruptured @entity438 that have an anterior dome projection, a bleb(s), and a size >=  5 mm.

title: Morphological and clinical risk factors for the rupture of anterior communicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured anterior communicating artery', 'intracranial unruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured ACoA aneurysms', 'ACoA aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured lesions']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm bleb', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupturing']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: @entity25570 from @entity375 was expressed in @entity526 and purified. The purified protein was structurally characterized using limited proteolysis followed by ESI mass spectrometry to identify the fragments. In the presence of @entity141 , @entity375 @entity25570 is sequentially cleaved at @entity369 126, then lysine 115, and finally at @entity376 77. The rapid cleavage at @entity534 -126 suggests that the fourth @entity141 -binding loop does not bind @entity141 . In the presence of @entity4527 , @entity375 @entity25570 is more susceptible to proteolysis and is preferentially cleaved at Lys-106. In addition, mutant proteins carrying @entity56678 , @entity56679 or both mutations, which together confer temperature sensitivity to @entity375 , were characterized. The mutant proteins are more susceptible than wild-type @entity25570 to proteolysis, suggesting that each mutation disrupts the structure of @entity25570 . Furthermore, whereas wild-type @entity25570 is cut at Lys-106 only in the presence of EGTA, this cleavage site is accessible in the mutants in the presence of @entity141 as well. In these ways, the structural consequence of each mutation mimics the loss of a @entity460 ion in the third loop. In addition, although wild-type @entity25570 binds to four proteins in a @entity375 crude extract in the presence of @entity141 , the mutants bind only to a subset of these. Thus, the inability to adopt the stable @entity141 -bound conformation in the third @entity141 -binding loop alters the ability of @entity25570 to interact with @entity375 proteins in a @entity141 -dependent manner.

title: Structural analysis of wild-type and mutant XXXX calmodulins by limited proteolysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Three soluble isoforms of invertase (beta-fructofuranosidase; EC 3.2.1.26) were purified from 7-d-old primary leaves of @entity2247 ( @entity2247 .). Invertase I, a monomeric protein of 64 kD, was purified to apparent homogeneity as shown by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Invertases IIA and IIB, multimeric proteins with molecular masses of the 116 and 155 kD, were purified 780- and 1370-fold, respectively, but were not yet homogeneous. Extracts of epidermal strips of leaves contained only invertase IIB. The specific activity of invertase was more than 100-fold higher in the epidermis than in the mesophyll. All three isoforms were acidic invertases, with pH optima of around 5.0 and little activity in the alkaline range. Invertase I had a Km for @entity969 of 8.1 mM, and invertases IIA and IIB had much lower values of 1.0 and 1.7 mM, respectively. Invertase I was more than 2-fold more resistant than the other two invertases to the inhibitors @entity3143 and @entity2765 . All three constitutive invertases were found to act also as @entity969 - @entity969 fructosyltransferases when supplied with high concentrations of @entity969 , forming @entity44627 as principal product. However, the fructosyltransferase activity of all three enzymes was inhibited by @entity2765 in the same way as their invertase activity. This characteristic clearly differentiates them from the inducible @entity969 - @entity969 fructosyltransferase of @entity2247 leaves, the activity responsible for the initial steps of fructan biosynthesis, which has previously been shown to be insensitive to @entity2765 .

title: Purification and characterization of three soluble invertases from @entity2247 ( XXXX .) leaves.

entities_list: @entity2765 :: ('MESH:D011730', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxal']

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Species') :: ['barley', 'Hordeum vulgare L']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['Hordeum vulgare L']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the demographic profile of @entity101 @entity1 and the quality of care for @entity101 at a Cape Town @entity497 ( @entity497 ). DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Medium-sized @entity497 , attended by 1,098 @entity101 @entity1 during a 1-year period from 1 January 1992. OUTCOME MEASURES: Default rate--proportion of due visits not attended. Loss to follow-up--proportion of @entity1 persistently defaulting or not responding to recall. Frequency of blood pressure measurement--per 12 due visits. Compliance--proportion of @entity1 collecting > or = 75% of antihypertensive drugs. Blood pressure control--mean blood pressure of aggregated readings; and proportion controlled (< 160/95 mmHg) on the basis of all blood pressure readings and mean blood pressures of individual @entity1 with two or more readings during the study period. RESULTS: More than half (51.6%) of the @entity101 @entity1 were aged > or = 65 years; 81.7% were female. The default rate was between 11.9% and 19.4%. Compliance was high (76.9%). Loss to follow-up was 8.1%. Blood pressure was recorded a mean of 4.0 times per 12 due visits. There were no significant gender differences with regard to these measures. Mean blood pressure was 158.3/89.6 mmHg. Over half (56.7%) of all individual readings over the year were uncontrolled and 51.4% of @entity1 were found to be uncontrolled when categorised by their mean blood pressure. Control was significantly poorer among @entity1 > or = 65 years. CONCLUSION: We found better compliance, more frequent blood pressure measurement, and lower defaulting and loss to follow-up compared with previous South African studies in similar settings. Despite this, blood pressure control was mediocre. Possible explanations for this are discussed. The low proportion of male @entity101 attending the @entity497 suggests that the accessibility or acceptability of care is poor for this group. The study illustrates the potential for research in this setting and for the use of computers to monitor the quality of primary care.

title: XXXX care at a Cape Town @entity497 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CHC', 'community health centre']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: In the past 25 years, from 1963 to 1988, 90 @entity1 from the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Pediatric Hospital in Cologne, Germany were treated for @entity2876 . Of these, 47 had purely extrahepatic bile duct lesions, 21 had purely intrahepatic bile duct lesions, and 22 had both extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct lesions. Forty-five of the @entity1 underwent a drainage operation, whereas the remaining 45 @entity1 underwent no surgery at all or simply a diagnostic laparotomy. Until 1966 hepato-jejunostomy with implantation of artificial bile ducts was conducted in 12 cases. Later, cholecystoduodenostomy was performed 4 times and hepatoporto-jejunostomy according to Kasai-Kimura 29 times. The latter was performed either without and enterostomy (n = 16) or with an enterostomy in the respective intestinal loop (n = 13). 27 @entity1 survived (30%). If only the @entity1 with intrahepatic bile duct @entity509 are considered, the survival rate was 12 out of 15 @entity1 (80%). Eight @entity1 (27.5%) of the 29 with hepatoporto-jejunostomy are still alive today. This survival rate, compared with the survival rate of the total, is comparably large with 27.7%. Current data from the 23 surviving @entity1 was retrospectively gathered in our hospital or was collected from outside the establishment. It was analyzed with regard to prognosis and long-term results. Only in 5 of the 29 cases of @entity1 with hepatoporto-jejunostomy could a lasting postoperative biliary flow be achieved. Only one of the @entity1 can be classified as completely healthy in regard to his liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX --a 25-year survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['Biliary atresia']


abstract: The effectiveness of drug therapy in controlling @entity951 and the resulting improvement in exercise capacity were reviewed. We performed a Medline search of published reports on @entity16590 , @entity1481 , and other medicines that act metabolically. Quality of life with regards to work capacity alone was analyzed. Most reports were about @entity1481 , with strong evidence of its efficacy and tolerability. Its effect on episodes of @entity951 , total exercise time, and time to the onset of @entity63 on ECG is impressive with no negative effects found on double product (workload) and improvement in quality of life. The second most evaluated drug was @entity16590 , particularly regarding quality of life. Results are similar to those with @entity1481 but are not as significant for quality of life issues. For the other drugs, @entity6211 , @entity8690 , and @entity19800 , accumulated experimental data provide a physiological background in which clinical trials have been started, but as yet very few @entity1 have been enrolled. Also, studies that intended to evaluate, by echocardiography, @entity2806 induced by @entity452 - @entity3897 stress were examined; these also showed a reduction in @entity63 and fewer @entity2749 , but only with @entity1481 in this regard. Taken together, these drug effects are important to ameliorate quality of life. The issue of quality of life was evaluated in specific reports, and the results of the application of validated questionnaires (SF36, 5-dimensional EuroQol Instrument, and @entity951 ) attest to the positive drug effects on @entity1 ' perception of wellness, particularly with the use of @entity1481 , and less with @entity16590 .

title: The metabolic treatment of @entity1 with coronary artery disease: effects on quality of life and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['anginal episodes']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity16590 :: ('MESH:C055512', 'Chemical') :: ['ranolazine']

entities_list: @entity19800 :: ('CHEBI:36386', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina', 'Seattle Angina Questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetazidine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['effort angina']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that extracellular membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (CA) type IV is responsible for the regulation of interstitial pH (pH(o)) transients in brain. @entity35 hippocampal slices were incubated in @entity4357 -specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), which cleaves the link of @entity16711 to the external face of plasma membranes. Then evoked alkaline pH(o) shifts were studied in a recording chamber, using pH microelectrodes. Incubation fluid was saved for later analysis. The ability to buffer a rapid alkaline load was reduced markedly in PI-PLC-treated tissue as compared with adjacent, paired control slices. The effect of @entity15540 (a poorly permeant CA inhibitor) on evoked pH(o) shifts was diminished greatly in the PI-PLC-treated tissue, consistent with the washout of interstitial CA. Treatment of the incubation fluid with @entity214 abolished nearly all of the CA activity in fluid from controls, whereas an @entity214 -insensitive component remained in the fluid from PI-PLC-treated slices. These data suggested that @entity5846 (which is blocked by @entity214 ) leaked from injured glial cells in both slice preparations, whereas @entity5846 (which is insensitive to @entity214 ) was liberated selectively into the fluid from PI-PLC-treated tissue. Western blot analysis was consistent with this interpretation, demonstrating a predominance of @entity16711 in the incubation fluid from PI-PLC-treated tissue and variable amounts of @entity1250 in fluid from PI-PLC-treated and control slices. These results demonstrate that interstitial CA activity brain is attributable principally to membrane-bound @entity16711 .

title: Interstitial carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in brain is attributable to membrane-bound XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15540 :: ('MESH:D001574', 'Chemical') :: ['benzolamide']

entities_list: @entity5846 :: ('MESH:C536058', 'Disease') :: ['CA type IV', 'CA type II']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity5846 :: (MESH:C536058,Disease) :: ['CA type IV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal management of @entity2963 and common bile duct stones still is controversial. Although the two-stage sequential approach remains the prevalent management, several trials have concluded that the so-called laparoendoscopic rendezvous (LERV) technique offers some advantages, such as a reduced risk of post-ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) @entity788 . This study aimed to compare the single-stage LERV technique with the two-stage endoscopic sphincterotomy followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: A search for @entity23 ( @entity23 ) comparing LERV and the two-stage sequential approach was conducted. The outcomes considered were overall complications and @entity788 . Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from 1998 to July 2012. Odds ratios (ORs) were extracted and pooled using a fixed or random-effect model depending on I (2) used as a heterogeneity measure. RESULTS: Four @entity23 , including a total of 430 @entity1 , met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of overall complications was lower in the LERV group (11.2 %) than in the two-stage intervention group (18.1 %) (OR, 0.56; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.99; P = 0.04; I (2) = 45 %). The findings showed that LERV was associated with less clinical @entity788 (2.4 %) than the two-stage technique (8.4 %) (OR, 0.33; 95 % CI, 0.12-0.91; P = 0.03; I (2) = 33 %). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitation of a small number of studies completed, the evidence of @entity23 shows that LERV is superior to two-stage treatment due to a @entity455 , particularly @entity788 .

title: Laparoendoscopic rendezvous reduces perioperative morbidity and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in overall complications']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors analyzed the secretion of extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases, including @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity1476 ( @entity1476 , gelatinase A), and @entity1495 (gelatinase B), by short term primary cultures of @entity43 cells derived from primary @entity43 , intraperitoneal metastases, or @entity843 . The presence of these enzymatic activities in samples of @entity843 was also evaluated. The effect of adhesive substratum on proteinase production was determined. METHODS: A coupled spectrophotometric assay was utilized to evaluate the initial rate of plasminogen activation by @entity2290 in conditioned medium; this involved monitoring the activity of generated plasmin with a colorimetric substrate. MMP activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: Ascitic fluids from 18 @entity1 contained @entity2290 , @entity1476 , and @entity1495 . However, short term primary cultures of cells derived from primary @entity43 (OVET), metastatic lesions (OVEM), or @entity843 (OVEA) produced very low levels of @entity2290 . Production of @entity2290 by OVET and OVEM cells was regulated by adhesive substratum. Conditioned media from OVET, OVEM, and OVEA cells contained high levels of both @entity1476 and @entity1495 . @entity1495 levels decreased with increasing passage in culture, whereas @entity1476 activity was maintained. Production of neither @entity1476 nor @entity1495 was regulated by adhesive substratum. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that primary cultures of @entity43 cells derived from three distinct anatomic locations produce @entity1476 and @entity1495 , with low level secretion of @entity2290 . These data suggest that MMPs, particularly @entity1476 , may play a significant role in the intraperitoneal invasion of @entity43 cells.

title: Production of extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases by primary cultures of @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian tumors', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urinary-type plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy, complication rate, and cost of a 1-time @entity616 compared with a continuous infusion of a local anesthetic for @entity282 relief in @entity1 having arthroscopic shoulder surgery. METHODS: After prospective power analysis and institutional review board approval, 56 consecutive @entity1 having arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia performed by a single surgeon were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups to evaluate @entity282 control. Group 1 @entity1 received a preoperative @entity616 , and group 2 @entity1 received a subacromial continuous infusion of a local anesthetic (0.5% @entity1341 ) via a @entity158 pump for 48 hours postoperatively. @entity158 was evaluated at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours and then daily on postoperative days 3 through 7 by use of a visual analog scale included in a @entity1 diary. @entity1 were provided with 2 "rescue" medication options: @entity5018 and Percocet (Endo Pharmaceuticals, Chadds Ford, PA). The total number of tablets ingested was also evaluated over these same intervals. Total hospital outpatient surgical costs for each group were calculated by dividing total hospital charges by the ratio of annual hospital cost to charges. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were identified between the 2 groups with regard to visual analog scale @entity158 scores, medication intake, or cost. Complications did not occur in either group. One @entity1 inadvertently removed the @entity158 pump catheter. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the null hypothesis. We found no difference between @entity616 versus continuous subacromial infusion of a local anesthetic with regard to efficacy, complication rate, or cost. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, prospective, randomized controlled trial.

title: Continuous infusion of a local anesthetic versus @entity616 for XXXX control after arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['interscalene block']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity356 who have positive cytologic results for @entity5 cells in peritoneal washings (CY1) have poor outcomes, even in the absence of other distant metastases. A standard treatment for such @entity1 remains to be established. METHODS: We conducted a phase II trial with the 2-year survival rate as the primary endpoint. @entity1 who had @entity356 with CY1 status but no other @entity66 received postoperative chemotherapy with @entity11730 (1M tegafur-0.4M gimestat-1M otastat @entity972 ) at a daily dose of 80mg/m(2) for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of rest. This cycle was continued until disease progression or intolerable adverse events. D2 dissection was the recommended surgical procedure; splenectomy could be omitted at the discretion of the surgeon. Accrual of 50 @entity1 was planned, and a 2-year survival rate of more than 36% was needed to exceed the historical control. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 were enrolled, among whom 47 were assessable for survival and 46 for adverse reactions. Median overall survival was 705 days, and progression-free survival was 376 days. The 2-year survival rate was 47%. Median time to treatment failure was 288 days. @entity1398 was the commonest > or = grade 3 @entity137 (6 @entity1 ), and @entity448 was the most frequent > or = grade 2 non-hematologic @entity137 (10 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Gastrectomy followed by @entity11730 monotherapy resulted in survival that surpassed historical data and can serve as an active control treatment for future trials in @entity1 who have @entity356 with CY1 status in the Far East.

title: A phase II study of radical surgery followed by postoperative chemotherapy with @entity11730 for @entity356 with free XXXX cells in the peritoneal cavity (CCOG0301 study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 who had been irradiated in 1964 for cervical involvement by @entity978 was admitted in December 1994 to our clinic with strong complaints of @entity1282 . The reason was a moderately differentiated @entity957 of the proximal esophagus in the previously irradiated region. The @entity1 had no risk factors (abuse of @entity1239 or @entity167 ) for the developement of @entity418 . A reirradiation was performed, but the disease progressed locally and two weeks after the beginning of the therapy the @entity1 developed two tracheoesophagocutaneous fistulae. The radiation therapy was discontinued and the @entity5 stenosis was bridged by a tube closing the fistulae. A retrospective dose analysis to evaluate the applied doses will be performed. Furthermore, an overview of 66 cases of the literature with radiation-induced @entity418 analysed concerning applied dose and latent interval will be given. In conclusion the reported case fits the criteria for radiation-induced @entity5 (Chudecki Br J Radiol 1972;45:303-4) known from literature: (1) a history of previous irradiation, (2) a @entity5 occurring within the irradiated area, (3) gross tissue damage due to an excessive dose of radiation, and (4) a long latent interval between irradiation and development of @entity5 . @entity418 belong to the rare secondary @entity5 after the therapeutic use of ionizing radiation. Nevertheless in @entity1 with @entity1282 they should be suspected as a differential diagnosis even many years after mediastinal irradiation. The treatment of these @entity5 is very difficult and is associated with a poor prognosis.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX 30 years after mediastinal irradiation: case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal carcinomas', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: We have administered interferon alfa-2b, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, to 126 @entity12297 -positive @entity1860 @entity1 . Of 71 early @entity2212 ( @entity2212 ) @entity1 (less than 12 months from diagnosis), 41 (58%) obtained a @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ). Daily interferon was more effective than intermittent administration. In previously untreated @entity1 , the response was significantly influenced by risk status at diagnosis. Thirty-four out of 71 (48%) @entity1 improved cytogenetically, the median of @entity12297 + mitoses declining from 100% to 66% with complete @entity12297 -suppression in one case. Of 46 late @entity2212 @entity1 (greater than 12 months from diagnosis), 32 (70%) achieved @entity1939 with interferon alone or combined with chemotherapy. All 10 @entity1 with disease well controlled by chemotherapy obtained stable @entity1939 with interferon alone. Of 36 partial responders to conventional chemotherapy, 22 (61%) obtained @entity1939 on interferon plus low-dose @entity1862 . @entity12297 mosaicism was reached by 16 (35%) late @entity2212 @entity1 (median @entity12297 + cells 75%). Of nine accelerated phase @entity1 on interferon plus chemotherapy, one attained @entity1939 , and two responded partially. At a median follow up of 36 months, of 41 @entity1939 @entity1 in early @entity2212 , 15 are controlled on interferon, 12 have had autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and two allogeneic BMT. Blastic transformation (BT) has occurred in eight of 41 @entity1939 @entity1 (19%) versus 17 of 30 (57%) non-responders and partial responders to interferon. At a median follow up of 22 months, of 32 late @entity2212 @entity1 obtaining @entity1939 , 26 remain on interferon, one had allogeneic BMT, one had autologous BMT, and one developed BT (versus five out of 14 with less than @entity1939 ). These studies confirm the haematological and cytogenetic efficacy of interferon in CML and indicate that the disease status at the start of treatment is critical in determining the success of therapy.

title: Evolving modalities of treatment with interferon alfa-2b for XXXX -positive @entity1860 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2212 :: ('MESH:D015466', 'Disease') :: ['chronic phase', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['complete haematological response', 'CHR']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

answer: @entity12297 :: (189,Gene) :: ['Ph1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a rare and @entity5 . Survival data and prognostic factors are scarce. AIM: To investigate the usefulness of biological markers to predict the prognosis for these aggressive @entity5 . METHODS: @entity517 oncoprotein and proliferation was analysed in specimens from 13 @entity1 with @entity3852 , treated between 1983 and 1997. The average age at presentation was 68.3 years. Overall follow-up ranged from 14 to 158 months, with a mean of 68.2 months. Specimens were analysed by immunohistochemistry for proliferation ( @entity1758 ) and flow cytometry for oncogene activity ( @entity517 ). RESULTS: The median positivity was 52% for the @entity517 oncogene and 50% for proliferation, but these did not correlate to survival as analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Other parameters such as median age at presentation, sex, site of @entity5 and adjuvant radiotherapy were also analysed, but none were found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that neither @entity517 oncogene activity or mitotic index in @entity3852 can be related to @entity1 survival.

title: The XXXX : survival and oncogene markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['MCC', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours', 'malignant tumour']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity20120 promoter polymorphisms ( @entity52208 , @entity52209 ) and @entity378 ( @entity378 ) risk has been widely reported, but results of previous studies remain controversial and ambiguous. To assess the association between @entity20120 polymorphisms and @entity378 risk, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS: Based on comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Weipu, and CBM databases, we identified outcome data from all articles estimating the association between @entity20120 polymorphisms and @entity378 risk. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies with 3,610 cases and 3,539 controls were identified. There was no significant association between @entity20120 @entity52208 polymorphism and @entity378 risk (OR=1.04, 95% CI=0.91-1.19 for G vs. A; OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.84-1.53 for GG vs. @entity5066 ; OR=1.04, 95% CI=0.87-1.24 for GG+AG vs. @entity5066 ; OR=1.11, 95% CI=0.88-1.39 for GG vs. AG+ @entity5066 ). However, the significant association was revealed for Asians in GG vs. @entity5066 (OR=2.48, 95% CI=1.46-4.22, P=0.0008) and GG vs. AG+ @entity5066 (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.33-3.32, P=0.001). For the @entity20120 @entity52209 polymorphism, lack of an association was also found (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.70-0.95 for G vs. A; OR=1.00, 95% CI=0.52-1.93 for GG vs. @entity5066 ; OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.60-0.89 for GG+AG vs. @entity5066 ; OR=1.09, 95% CI=0.57-2.10 for GG vs. AG+ @entity5066 ). CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis suggested that @entity20120 promoter polymorphisms ( @entity52208 , @entity52209 ) were unlikely to substantially contribute to @entity378 susceptibility. However, the GG genotype of @entity20120 @entity52208 polymorphism might be a genetic risk factor that increases @entity378 susceptibility for Asians in GG vs. @entity5066 and GG vs. AG+ @entity5066 .

title: Association between XXXX @entity52208 and @entity52209 polymorphisms and susceptibility of @entity378 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity20120 :: (30835,Gene) :: ['CD209']


abstract: Atmospheric processes governing the fate of the @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) in the atmosphere of the Eastern Mediterranean were studied for a two-year period (2000-2001). Atmospheric samples were collected off-shore over the Eastern Mediterranean Sea as well as at a background station in Northeastern Crete, Greece. @entity2556 total concentration varied from 4.1 to 57.2 ng m(-3), with >90% in the gas phase. Gas-to-particle distribution of @entity2556 was correlated (R2 0.75-0.98, p < 0.001) with their subcooled vapor pressure. Seasonal changes in the total concentration of @entity2556 were not observed, while the origin of air mass was the dominant factor determining their atmospheric concentration levels. Air masses, originating from central and eastern Europe, were associated with the highest @entity2556 concentrations. Gas-to-particle distribution of sigmaPAHs correlated well (R2 0.75-0.98, p < 0.001) with their subcooled vapor pressure. Tropospheric @entity1787 concentration correlated with the vapor-phase @entity2556 concentration (p < 0.001) but less (p < 0.01) with the particulate @entity2556 concentration. Distribution of volatile @entity2556 over the Eastern Mediterranean basin was uniform. Conversely, particulate @entity2556 concentrations were higher at sampling sites located close to urban centers. Calculated relative removal rates of @entity2556 associated with particles were significantly higher than those of volatile members.

title: XXXX in the atmosphere of the eastern Mediterranean.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Data from animal and @entity1 studies provide a biological plausibility to the notion that @entity27 activates pathways that lead to @entity2690 resistance, @entity731 and @entity101 . Sleep apnea thus activates the same pathways as does @entity28 . That @entity27 is a risk factor for @entity65 is supported by epidemiological association studies. Longitudinal cohort studies also provide evidence that @entity1 with untreated severe @entity387 have an increased rate of cardiovascular events. But these studies, while highly suggestive, do not provide the evidence needed to convince the skeptic. This would only be obtained by randomized treatment trials with hard @entity65 such as @entity299 and @entity204 . While such studies are in the planning stages, they will be challenging. There are issues about randomizing individuals with severe @entity387 and excessive @entity25 into no therapy, since they are at known increased risk for car crashes. Thus, lack of therapy puts others on the road at risk as well as the subject with @entity387 . There is, moreover, the concern that treating @entity27 in @entity28 individuals will have little impact, since any effect of therapy for OSA will be overwhelmed by the effects of @entity28 itself. Data from randomized treatment trials for @entity65 will likely not be available for many years. In the interim, physicians need to consider how to treat such @entity1 . It is proposed that given that @entity3128 treatment for @entity27 is highly effective and essentially totally safe, and that the evidence is suggestive that @entity387 is a risk factor for @entity65 , then we propose all @entity1 with severe @entity387 should be treated to reduce cardiovascular risk.

title: @entity27 and XXXX : a perspective and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['very obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular endpoints', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Triple-negative [ @entity172 receptor (ER)-/ @entity1420 receptor (PR)-/ @entity1722 -] @entity0 (TNBC) accounts for     15% of overall @entity0 and associated with a poor prognosis. There is a short of standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for TNBC. A number of studies have shown that TNBC might be sensitive to @entity900 and @entity3003 on the basis that dysfunction of @entity5345 and its pathway is associated with a specific DNA-repair defect, but data of adjuvant setting about this is limited. METHODS: From January 2010 to September 2011, 95 early triple-negative @entity0 @entity1 confirmed by pathology were randomly assigned to receive TP ( @entity1205 75 mg/m  , @entity3003 AUC = 5, day 1, 21 days a cycle for 6 cycles) or @entity1619 ( @entity1259 90 mg/m  , @entity786 600 mg/m  , d1, 21 days a cycle for 4 cycles, followed by @entity1205 80 mg/m  , d1, 21 days a cycle for 4 cycles) chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiation therapy was given selectively after chemotherapy. Here we report a preliminary safety analysis with the chi-square test. RESULTS: Seventy-six out of the 95 @entity1 had completed the chemotherapy and could be assessed for the safety profiles of the regimens. Thirty-seven of them were in the @entity1619 group with a median age of 47 years, and 21 out of these 37 @entity1 were premenopausal (56.8%). Another 39 @entity1 came from the TP group with a median age of 46 years, and 22 out of these 39 @entity1 were premenopausal (56.4%). All of the 37 @entity1 in @entity1619 group completed the planned treatment whereas 2 @entity1 of the 39 cases in TP group did not because of @entity236 . During the treatments, 9 @entity1 had dose adjustment in each group. Adverse events of grade 1/2 were common. Specific incidence of adverse events with grade 3/4 in each group was as follows: @entity1665 , 29.7% vs. 10.3% (P = 0.033), @entity391 21.6% vs. 7.7% (P = 0.085), @entity1431 54.1% vs.25.6% (P = 0.011) and @entity1398 51.4% vs. 35.9% (P = 0.174). Other grade 3/4 @entity137 were rare. All the adverse events (except @entity1897 and @entity2118 ) recovered within 1 month after the chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Both @entity1619 and TP regimens as adjuvant chemotherapy are safe and tolerable for the treatment of triple-negative @entity0 @entity1 , while the TP regimen has advantages with less grade III/IV @entity1665 and @entity1431 .

title: [ XXXX plus @entity3003 versus @entity1619 as adjuvant chemotherapy for triple-negative @entity0 : safety data from a phase III randomized open-label trial].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: @entity9433 is a dual @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has a considerable efficacy in @entity1722 -positive @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Previous studies revealed that TKIs caused @entity1370 in approximately 10 % of the @entity1 . This study assessed the cardiac safety of @entity9433 in @entity1 with @entity1722 -positive @entity0 . In this observational single center study, all @entity1 with @entity1722 -positive @entity0 who were previously treated with @entity4349 , @entity6023 , and trastuzumab in the adjuvant and/or metastatic setting were assigned to receive @entity9433 at a dose of 1,250 mg per day continuously plus @entity416 at a dose of 2,000 mg/m(2) in two divided doses on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle. @entity1370 was assessed with symptoms, transthoracic echocardiography, electrocardiography and biochemical markers ( @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ), @entity908 kinase (CK) and @entity908 kinase-MB) at baseline and every 9 weeks until disease progression. Twenty-six @entity1 were treated with @entity9433 and @entity416 therapy for a median of 18 (range 3-60) weeks. The median age was 48 (range 28-83) years. All @entity1 had @entity1722 -positive @entity0 . Among 25 eligible @entity1 , 5 (19.2 %) @entity1 experienced new @entity299 compared with baseline findings. Of these 5 @entity1 , 1 (3.8 %) had T wave negativity, 1 (3.8 %) had @entity7129 , 1 (3.8 %) had grade 1 (453 ms) @entity1162 , and 2 (7.7 %) had decreased LVEF below the critical level. Among eligible 21 @entity1 , 2 (7.7 %) had increased @entity3876 , 1 (3.8 %) had increased CK, and 1 (3.8 %) had increased CK-MB level compared with baseline. No serious @entity299 that required monitorization or medication occurred. There was no statistically significant relationship between the duration of @entity9433 administration and LVEF changes, @entity1162 , @entity3876 , CK, and CK-MB level. According to our findings, @entity9433 was safe and well tolerated and has a low incidence of cardiac side effects. Therefore, it seemed that @entity1370 was not a class effect of TKIs. However, despite the absence of clinically significant adverse cardiac effects under @entity9433 therapy, the incidence of @entity1370 reported in our study was higher than previous @entity9433 studies.

title: Evaluation of cardiac safety of @entity9433 therapy for @entity1722 -positive XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['Lapatinib', 'lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT prolongation']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity', 'Cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopy and imaging techniques are the most valuable tools for noninvasive staging of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 but their overall accuracy is not satisfactory. Neoadjuvant therapy protocols require strict criteria for @entity1 selection and invasive staging should be carried out to establish standardized inclusion criteria and to homogenize posttreatment results. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the role of thoracoscopy in the assessment of the real extent of @entity2 in @entity1 with the clinical suspicion of @entity5 . METHODS: From January 1993 to March 1996, we observed 64 @entity1 with suspected IIIB @entity1149 . Forty-three @entity1 were considered eligible for this study and were divided into three groups: group I, cytologically negative @entity1143 (n = 10); group II, computed tomographic suspicion of mediastinal infiltration (n = 30); and group III, contralateral lymphadenopathy not accessible by mediastinoscopy (n = 3). RESULTS: No complications related to thoracoscopy occurred. Of 10 @entity1 in group I, thoracoscopy up-staged the disease to IIIB in 6 (60%). Of 30 @entity1 with suspicion of T4 (group II), thoracoscopy confirmed T4 in 15 @entity1 (50%). Nine (30%) were downstaged to stage IIIA and 2 (6.6%) to stage II. In 4 @entity1 (13.4%) thoracoscopy failed to yield definitive staging. In all 3 @entity1 of group III, thoracoscopy confirmed stage IIIB. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopy proved adequate for correct staging in 39 of 43 @entity1 (91%); therefore, it should be considered in the staging work-up of suspected stage IIIB @entity1 .

title: Thoracoscopic staging of IIIB XXXX before neoadjuvant therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IIIB disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']