abstract: Among various actions of @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ), its memory function has been focused in animal studies. Although @entity6251 neurons project to various areas in the brain, one main target site of @entity6251 is hippocampal formation for memory consolidation. Recent immunohistochemical study shows that @entity6251 neurons directly project to the hippocampal formation and may indirectly affect the hippocampus through the @entity5381 ( @entity5381 ). It has been reported that sleep is necessary for memory and that hippocampal @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release is indispensable for memory consolidation. However, there is no report how @entity6251 actually influences the hippocampal @entity1617 effluxes in accordance with the sleep-wake cycle changes. Thus, we investigated the modulatory function of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of @entity6251 on the sleep-wake cycle and @entity1617 release using microdialysis techniques. Icv injection of @entity6251 significantly increased the rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM episode time and the hippocampal, not cortical, @entity1617 effluxes. There was a significant correlation between REM episode time and hippocampal @entity1617 effluxes, but not between REM episode time and cortical @entity1617 effluxes. Microinjection of @entity6251 into the @entity5381 increased the hippocampal @entity1617 effluxes with no influence on the REM episode time. It appears that the effect sites of icv @entity6251 for prolongation of REM episode time may be other neuronal areas than the cholinergic neurons in the @entity5381 . We conclude that @entity6251 actually increases the hippocampal @entity1617 release at least in part through the @entity5381 in @entity35 .

title: Melanin concentrating hormone induces hippocampal @entity934 release via the medial septum in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5381 :: ('MESH:D061270', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'medial septum nucleus']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['melanin concentrating hormone', 'MCH']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) is a dynamic event in which a retrograde flow of urine is present into the upper tracts. @entity3025 may occur isolated or in association with other @entity154 or as part of syndromic entities. We present a @entity1 with a bilateral primary @entity3025 , @entity66 caused by a large deletion of 18q (18q21.3-qter) and terminal duplication of 1p (1p36.32-p36.33). CASE REPORT: The @entity1 was 8 years old female with a disease including moderate @entity851 , @entity1155 , @entity154 , single umbilical artery, @entity14147 , @entity6627 , bilateral congenital clubfeet and @entity8 . Chromosomal analysis and Array-CGH revealed two heterozygous chromosomal rearrangements: 1p terminal duplication and de novo 18q terminal deletion. She referred to our clinic to evaluation of bilateral @entity3041 and right renal cortex thinning. Voiding cystourethrography demonstrated bilateral grade IV @entity3025 and @entity9409 renal scintigraphy confirmed right renal cortex thinning and showed a cortical uptake of 75% of the left kidney and 25% of the right kidney. The @entity1 underwent ureterovesical reimplantation after failure of 3 endoscopic submeatal Deflux injections with @entity3025 resolution. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report involving a @entity1 with @entity30378 and contemporary presence of 1p chromosomal terminal duplication. The coexistence of two chromosomal rearrangements complicates the clinical picture and creates a @entity74 (marked by characteristics of both @entity2008 ). Kidney problems, primarily @entity3025 is reported in 15% of @entity1 affected by 18-q syndrome and no cases is reported in the literature regarding a correlation between @entity3025 and 1p36 chromosomal duplication.

title: @entity30378 and 1p terminal duplication in a XXXX with bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux: case report and literature revision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities', 'facial dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal-urinary disease']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic disease']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity9409 :: ('MESH:D004113', 'Chemical') :: ['dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesico-ureteral reflux', 'VUR']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['chimeric disorder']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity6627 :: ('MESH:C536475', 'Disease') :: ['urachal remnant']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: One hundred and one @entity1 with @entity234 ( @entity234 ) who admitted to Akdeniz University Hospital during a 20-year period were analyzed. Median age of the @entity1 was 3 years (range: 5.5 months-13 years). The most common symptoms at presentation were @entity221 , @entity10486 . @entity381 was found in all of the @entity1 while @entity382 was present in 98%. @entity417 (96%), @entity1431 (74%) and @entity882 (56%) were the main @entity854 . Thirty-three (33%) of the @entity1 were pancytopenic on admission. Bone marrow smear was positive for leishmania in 91% of the @entity1 . Seventy-four @entity1 were treated with @entity50668 +/- @entity7341 and 27 with @entity2379 . Three of our @entity1 died because of secondary infections and @entity548 . Relapse was observed in two @entity1 . No @entity1 showed post kala-azar dermal @entity232 findings. We conclude that @entity234 should be considered in @entity1 with prolonged @entity221 , @entity828 and @entity1503 who live in an endemic region. @entity2379 is a therapeutic agent as effective as pentavalent antimony compounds and could be preferred.

title: Visceral childhood XXXX in southern Turkey: experience of twenty years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10486 :: ('MESH:D010167', 'Disease') :: ['pallor and abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7341 :: ('MESH:D010419', 'Chemical') :: ['pentamidine']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['leishmaniasis']


abstract: In order to study the correlation between criminal acts and time of day we analyzed reports of the Federal Police Department in Salzburg covering 2 months as well as our own @entity146 expert-opinions in case of robbery and homicide. Offences against property have the same day-time rhythm as does regular labour. @entity8769 hardly occurs with offences against property, although the activity of burglars goes over into the early hours of night. @entity146 offences are commonly accompanied by @entity8769 , they are mainly observed at night. Lesser aggressive offences such as maltreatment or fighting generally occur during the late afternoon until midnight. Whereas aggressive offences of alcoholized persist throughout later hours of the night. The delinquency of robbery and homicide continues into the early hours of the morning. In cases of homicide there are differences concerning the individual conflict-situation. Homicides in connection with family tragedies or partnership conflicts usually occur during the afternoon or the early evening and show just a minor connection with alcoholization. Homicides in the course of primitive conflicts appear highly correlated to alcoholization and to the night hours. In cases of homicide of mental- @entity1 there is no general connection with alcoholization or can there be seen a day-time correlation.

title: [Circadian correlations of criminal behavior with reference to simultaneous XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic intoxication', 'alcoholic intoxication']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Aggressive']

answer: @entity8769 :: (MESH:D000435,Disease) :: ['alcoholic intoxication']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity2690 resistance (IR) with other cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in sub-Saharan Africans is poorly documented. This study examined the links between IR and the evolution of blood pressure (BP), glycaemia, serum lipids and @entity1144 in the population of Benin. DESIGN: Population-based longitudinal study. METHODS: This study initially included 541 apparently healthy Beninese adults (50% @entity1 ) aged 25-60 years who were randomly selected in a large city, a small town and a rural area. After a baseline survey, our subjects were followed up after 2 years, and again at 4 years. IR based on homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), blood @entity413 , BP, waist circumference (WC), @entity1674 , total @entity165 and HDL- @entity165 were measured. Complete data at the end of the follow-up periods was available for 416 subjects. RESULTS: IR was more prevalent in @entity1 than in @entity1 (33.2% versus 17.8%) and it was generally associated with more adverse values of CMR factors, excepting BP. In controlling for baseline age, sex, WC, diet, lifestyle variables and WC changes; the relative risk (RR) of @entity4854 over 4 years was as least 3-fold in IR subjects, compared to normal subjects. The RR of @entity1144 was 5.3 (1.04-26.93) in IR @entity1 , compared to non-IR. The association of IR with the evolution of @entity2299 was inconsistent, but IR tended to exacerbate low HDL- @entity165 . CONCLUSION: Over 4 years, IR exacerbated @entity4854 in both @entity1 and @entity1 , and @entity1144 in @entity1 , but IR did not affect blood pressure. Further research on the link found between IR and @entity2299 , particularly low HDL-C, is needed in sub-Saharan Africa.

title: XXXX resistance status and four-year changes in other cardiometabolic risk factors in West-African adults: the Benin study.

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the uptake, morbidity, and cost of @entity5 . METHODS: We identified @entity1 recorded in the Perspective database with @entity5 who underwent radical hysterectomy (abdominal, laparoscopic, robotic) from 2006 to 2010. The associations between @entity1 , surgeon, and hospital characteristic and use of minimally invasive hysterectomy as well as complications and cost were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: We identified 1894 @entity1 including 1610 (85.0%) who underwent abdominal, 217 (11.5%) who underwent laparoscopic, and 67 (3.5%) who underwent robotic radical hysterectomy were analyzed. In 2006, 98% of the procedures were abdominal and 2% laparoscopic; by 2010 abdominal radical hysterectomy decreased to 67%, while laparoscopic increased to 23% and robotic radical hysterectomy was performed in 10% of @entity1 (p<0.0001). @entity1 treated at large hospitals were more likely to undergo a minimally invasive procedure (OR=4.80; 95% CI, 1.28-18.01) while those with more medical comorbidities (OR=0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.87) were less likely to undergo a minimally invasive surgery. Perioperative complications were noted in 15.8% of @entity1 who underwent abdominal surgery, 9.2% who underwent laparoscopy, and 13.4% who had a robotic procedure (p=0.04). Both laparoscopic and robotic radical hysterectomies were associated with lower transfusion requirements and shorter hospital stays than abdominal hysterectomy (p<0.05). Median costs were  9618 for abdominal,  11,774 for laparoscopic, and  10,176 for robotic radical hysterectomy (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Uptake of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for @entity5 has been slow. Both laparoscopic and robotic radical hysterectomies are associated with favorable morbidity profiles.

title: Comparative effectiveness of minimally invasive and abdominal radical hysterectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic and robotic radical hysterectomies for cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Potassium channel blockers have been shown to possess antitumor properties, but the role of apoptosis remains to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ), a nonspecific @entity972 channel blocker, in @entity35 C6 and 9L @entity11 cells. METHODS: @entity137 was evaluated by @entity98 assay. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and annexin V-FITC/ @entity2667 assays. Protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) levels were assessed flow cytometrically. RESULTS: @entity1041 (2-60 mM) significantly inhibited the proliferation of C6 and 9L @entity11 cells. In addition, increased cell apoptosis was confirmed after treatment with 40 mM @entity1041 . Apoptosis was associated with a dramatic increase in ROS levels and altered @entity1976 / @entity2310 protein balance. CONCLUSION: @entity1041 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in both cell lines; therefore, it might be associated with the increase in intracellular ROS production.

title: XXXX inhibits @entity11 cells via increasing production of intracellular reactive @entity26 species.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity5128 :: (MESH:D019789,Chemical) :: ['Tetraethylammonium']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver @entity3 is a common progression of @entity3123 , but an effective chemotherapy has not been established. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a hepatic arterial infusion of @entity1487 in @entity1 with liver @entity3 from @entity3123 . METHODOLOGY: Thirteen @entity1 were enrolled in a pilot study of a hepatic arterial infusion of @entity1487 therapy. They received @entity1487 for 5 days at a dose of 500 mg/m2/day by continuous hepatic arterial infusion every 4 weeks. RESULTS: One @entity1 showed a partial response, while 6 showed no change. Of these 6 @entity1 , 2 showed a minor response. The overall response rate was 8% (95% confidence interval: 0-22%). @entity1209 were the most common types of @entity137 . Three @entity1 (23%) had @entity432 . There were no life-threatening @entity137 or complications. The overall median survival time was 15.9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic arterial infusion of @entity1487 in @entity1 with liver @entity3 from @entity3123 is tolerable but is minimally effective at this dose and schedule. The schedule of administration should be modified.

title: Hepatic arterial infusion of @entity1487 for liver metastases from XXXX : results from a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1 , particularly younger @entity1 , hospitalized with @entity583 have been found to have poorer prognosis than @entity1 . A large proportion of @entity204 due to @entity583 , however, occur in the pre-hospital phase. We set out to analyse age-specific sex differences in survival after @entity583 at different time intervals from the onset of @entity583 , including pre-hospital @entity204 and 1-year overall survival. METHODS AND RESULTS: The National Acute @entity583 Register in Sweden was used to analyse age-specific sex differences in mortality outside hospital, 28-day mortality and 1-year mortality in 353 905 cases occurring between 1987 and 1995 in Swedish @entity1 and @entity1 aged 30 to 89 years. Overall, one in four of all @entity583 victims died outside hospital. At all ages, except in individuals younger than 50 years, @entity1 had higher pre-hospital mortality. The odds of dying within 28 days for @entity1 below 50 years of age, compared to @entity1 , was 1.84 (1.56--2.18) in hospitalized @entity1 and 1.31 (1.18--1.46) in all @entity1188 @entity1 . Above the age of 65, in the total population with @entity583 , @entity1 had a better prognosis, with odds ratios ranging from 0.83 to 0.89. In @entity1 surviving the first 28 days, 4.0% of the @entity1 and 2.9% of the @entity1 below the age of 50 were dead within a year after the @entity1188 , odds ratio 1.37 (1.06--1.76). This excess mortality was mainly due to @entity6 and non-cardiac causes. Only @entity1 younger than 50 years had a significantly poorer overall 1-year survival than @entity1 of the same age. At the age of 70 or more, @entity1 had a small survival advantage. CONCLUSION: In the total @entity583 population, only @entity1 under 50 years of age have a consistently worse prognosis than @entity1 . Much of the excess mortality in young @entity1 seems to be associated with @entity6 .

title: Sex differences in survival after @entity583 in Sweden; data from the Swedish National Acute XXXX Register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: Cytokeratin pattern was analyzed in 14 moderately differentiated and 12 well-differentiated @entity957 of buccal mucosa by @entity214 -PAGE, immunoblotting and two dimensional electrophoresis. These were compared with patterns of normal buccal mucosa and surrounding areas whenever possible. Normal buccal mucosa expresses keratin No. 4 (59Kd), 5 (58Kd), 13 (54Kd) and 14 (50Kd). Keratin No. 4 (59Kd) and 14 (50Kd) were expressed by 20 of 26 @entity5 studied, while many of the @entity5 did not express keratins No. 5 (58Kd) and 13 (54Kd). Keratin No. 1 (67Kd) and 16 (48Kd) were aberrantly expressed by 9 well-differentiated @entity5 . Keratin No. 17 (46Kd) and 18 (45Kd) were expressed by 10 and 8 @entity5 of 14 moderately differentiated @entity5 . Six @entity5 which showed @entity133 , expressed some keratins expressed by its normal counterpart. Their altered expression was consistent with the differentiation pattern as stated earlier. Non-expression of keratins 5 and 13 seems to be the result of malignant transformation and is seen in the majority of @entity5 , while appearance of aberrant keratins seems to be related more to the degree of differentiation of the @entity5 .

title: Altered keratin expression in buccal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['involvement of alveolar mucosa']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['mucosal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Recent studies in the field of de novo protein design have focused on the construction of native-like structures. Here we describe the design and characterization of an @entity6778 zipper peptide intended to form a parallel triple-stranded coiled coil. To obtain the native-like structural uniqueness, the hydrophobic interface of the peptide consists of beta-branched Ile residues for @entity9314 packing. The peptide forms a stable triple-stranded coiled coil, as determined by circular dichroism and sedimentation equilibrium analyses. A fluorescence quenching assay after the incorporation of @entity8574 revealed a parallel orientation of the peptides. The structural uniqueness of the coiled coil was confirmed by proton- @entity6189 amide @entity3884 exchange and hydrophobic dye binding. The peptide contains @entity6346 protons with @entity3884 exchange rates that are approximately an order of magnitude slower than those expected if the exchange occurred via global unfolding. A hydrophobic dye does not bind to the peptide. These results strongly suggest that the peptide folds into a well-packed structure that is very similar to the native state of a natural protein. Thus, Ile residues in the hydrophobic interface can improve the side chain packing, which can impart native-like structural uniqueness to the designed coiled coil.

title: An XXXX zipper peptide forms a native-like triple stranded coiled coil in solution.

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity9314 :: ('MESH:D007161', 'Disease') :: ['complementary side chain']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

answer: @entity6778 :: (CHEBI:24898,Chemical) :: ['isoleucine']


abstract: In this study, we established cell culture conditions for primary @entity1641 hepatocytes allowing cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) induction experiments. Hepatocytes were isolated after a modified method of Bakala et al. (2003) and cultivated on collagen I coated plates. Three different media were compared for their influence on morphology, viability and CYP activity of the hepatocytes. CYP activity was evaluated with the fluorescent substrate @entity51810 . Induction experiments were carried out with @entity1215 , @entity619 or @entity109 . Concentration-response curves for induction with @entity1215 were created. Williams' medium E showed the best results on morphology and viability of the hepatocytes and was therefore used for the following induction experiments. Cells cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium were not inducible. Incubation with @entity1215 increased the CYP activity in two different hepatocyte preparations in a dose dependent manner (EC      =1.20  M and 6.06  M; Emax=4.1- and 3.4-fold induction). No increase in CYP activity was detected after incubation with @entity619 or @entity109 . The hepatocyte culture conditions established in this study proved to be valuable for investigation of the induction of @entity1641 CYPs. In further studies, other @entity1641 drugs can be evaluated for CYP induction with this in vitro system.

title: Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in primary XXXX hepatocyte culture.

entities_list: @entity51810 :: ('MESH:C419147', 'Chemical') :: ['7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Juvenile hyaline @entity81 is a sporadic @entity74 with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, characterized by the presence of nodules and @entity5 in the skin and soft tissues and @entity7138 . The majority of @entity1 are @entity851 , suffer from @entity2720 , @entity1159 , @entity690 and have a positive family history. The disease most frequently occurs in @entity1 , but may be diagnosed also in adults. Since 1873, when the disease was described by Murray, only a few cases were introduced in the literature. THE AIM AND THE BASIS OF THE STUDY: To present the clinical pattern of a @entity1 diagnosed at the age of 28 and describe also the histopathological, immunohistological and electron-microscopic findings of excisions from the lesions. METHODS: The pathologist in cooperation with clinicians from several disciplines established the diagnosis on the basis of typical histopathological picture and additional immunohistological tests not yet introduced in the literature. RESULTS: Tumorous lesions contained hyaline structureless matrix often with chondroid or even osteoid metaplasia, @entity460 salts. The matrix contained numerous fibroblastoid-like cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, oval nucleus and often pericytoplasmic halo. ELMI investigation revealed dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and @entity1184 Golgi apparatus. Sporadically were particles with @entity460 salts density detected. Immunohistochemical tests revealed the expression of @entity2277 , alfa1-antitrypsin and alfa1-antichymotripsin by the tumorous cells. CONCLUSION: The authors presented an extremely sporadic childhood disease in an adult. The results are in accordance with the data from the literature. Immunohistochemical picture of "cementicles" has not yet been introduced in the available literature. (Fig. 12, Ref. 25.)

title: [Juvenile hyaline XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retarded']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity7138 :: ('MESH:D005885', 'Disease') :: ['gingival hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disorders']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['fibromatosis']


abstract: To study biological character and function of epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) in @entity1 periodontal ligament, we have developed a serum-free culture system of epithelial cells (ME) derived from ERM. The mitogenic effects of @entity6898 , @entity540 , and @entity10471 /keratinocyte growth factor ( @entity10471 ) on ME, @entity1 periodontal ligament-derived fibroblasts (PLF), @entity1 oral epithelial cells (OE), and @entity1 submandibular gland-derived epithelial cells (SGE) were investigated under a serum-free culture condition. @entity6898 and @entity10471 / @entity10471 stimulated the growth of both ME and SGE but @entity540 had no effect. On the other hand, @entity6898 , @entity540 , and @entity10471 / @entity10471 increased the OE proliferation. These results suggested that the divergent requirement of FGF ligands among these cells would be attributed to the different expression pattern of @entity7991 ( @entity7991 ) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) isotypes. Therefore, we examined the expression of @entity7991 isotypes in these cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of ME-and SGE-derived mRNAs revealed the presence of mRNA encoding @entity7991 -IIIb, a high affinity receptor for @entity6898 and @entity10471 / @entity10471 . However, no mRNAs for other @entity7991 isotypes were detected in both ME and SGE. On the contrary, OE expressed FGFR1-IIIc, @entity2557 -IIIb, and @entity16756 mRNAs as well as @entity7991 -IIb. These results indicate that FGF binding sites on ME dominantly bind to @entity6898 and @entity10471 / @entity10471 , which transduce their signals via @entity7991 -IIIb. Immunohistochemical analysis, PCR-Southern, ribonuclease protection assay (RPA), and Western blotting revealed that PLF expressed @entity10471 / @entity10471 mRNA and its peptide. These observations suggest that @entity10471 / @entity10471 might mediate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between ME and PLF to maintain normal structure and function of periodontal ligament.

title: Isolation and serum-free culture of epithelial cells derived from epithelial rests of Malassez in XXXX periodontal ligament.

entities_list: @entity6898 :: ('2246', 'Gene') :: ['FGF-1', 'fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) results vary by analytical method. Use of same-visit @entity4051 c testing methodology holds the promise of more efficient @entity1 care, and improved @entity6 management. Our objective was to test the feasibility of introducing a same-visit HbA1c methodology into busy family practice centers (FPC) and to calculate the correlation between the same-visit @entity4051 c test and the laboratory method that the clinical site was currently using for HbA1c testing. METHODS: Consecutive @entity6 @entity1 18 years of age and older having blood samples drawn for routine laboratory analysis of HbA1c were asked to provide a capillary blood sample for same-visit testing with the BIO-RAD Micromat II. We compared the results of the same-visit test to three different laboratory methods (one FPC used two different laboratories). RESULTS: 147 paired samples were available for analysis (73 from one FPC; 74 from the other). The Pearson correlation of Micromat II and ion-exchange HPLC was 0.713 (p < 0.001). The Micromat II mean HbA1c was 6.91%, which was lower than the 7.23% from the ion-exchange HPLC analysis (p < 0.001). The correlation of Micromat II with @entity15841 -affinity HPLC was 0.773 (p < 0.001); Micromat II mean HbA1c 6.44%, @entity15841 -affinity HPLC mean 7.71% (p < 0.001). Correlation coefficient for Micromat II and immuno-turbidimetric analysis was 0.927 (p < 0.001); Micromat II mean HbA1c was 7.15% and mean HbA1c from the immuno-turbidimetric analysis was 7.99% (p = 0.002). Medical staff found the same-visit measurement difficult to perform due to the amount of dedicated time required for the test. CONCLUSION: For each of the laboratory methods, the correlation coefficient was lower than the 0.96 reported by the manufacturer. This might be due to variability introduced by the multiple users of the Micromat II machine. The mean HbA1c results were also consistently lower than those obtained from laboratory analysis. Additionally, the amount of dedicated time required to perform the assay may limit its usefulness in a busy clinical practice. Before introducing a same-visit HbA1c methodology, clinicians should compare the rapid results to their current method of analysis.

title: Correlation of same-visit XXXX c test with laboratory-based measurements: a MetroNet study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity15841 :: ('CHEBI:50978', 'Chemical') :: ['boronate']

answer: @entity4051 :: (3039,Gene) :: ['HbA1']


abstract: From April 1985 to September 1987, 92 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were randomized to receive cytotoxic chemotherapy, Arm A (treated), or supportive care, Arm B (control). Chemotherapy consisted of the CEP combination ( @entity786 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1; @entity1259 50 mg/m2 i.v. day 1; @entity900 80 mg/m2 i.v. day 1) alternated every 4 weeks with the MEC' combination ( @entity1499 30 mg/m2 i.v. day 1; @entity2879 200 mg/m2 i.v. day 1; CCNU 70 mg/m2 per os, day 1) until progression. Eight-nine @entity1 (44 treated and 45 controls) were eligible for survival and 77 evaluable for response (38 treated and 39 controls). Response rate was: in Arm A, 8/38 (21%) partial response, 20/38 (53%) stable disease and 10/38 (26%) progressive disease; in Arm B, 18/39 (46%) stable disease and 21/39 (54%) progressive disease. Median time to progression was 4 months (range = 1-14) for treated and 2 months (range = 1-9) for controls (P = 0.001). Median survival was 8.5 months (range = 1+ to 25) for Arm A versus 5 months (range = 1+ to 28+) for Arm B; this difference was not statistically significant (Breslow test: chi-square = 2.75, P = 0.097; Mantel-Cox: chi-square = 0.32, P = 0.56). Treatment related @entity137 was gastrointestinal WHO grade 3 in 22/102 (22%) CEP courses and in 10/91 (11%) MEC' courses respectively. Other observed side-effects were not clinically important. From these data our treatment was not clearly superior to supportive care in prolonging survival. This suggests the need for the inclusion of a control group in future chemotherapeutic trials of @entity1149 .

title: @entity1149 ( XXXX ). A prospective randomized trial with alternating chemotherapy CEP/MEC' versus no treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tolerance of @entity7842 in older @entity1 with @entity551 . DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: @entity1163 clinic. @entity1 : 64 Consecutive @entity1 over 65 years (mean age 80 years) with one or more @entity551 ( @entity551 , vasodepressor carotid sinus @entity1163 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity7842 in daily doses of 100 micrograms [corrected] (72%), 50 micrograms [corrected] (27%), and 200 micrograms [corrected] (one @entity1 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse events, treatment withdrawal. RESULTS: During follow up 13 @entity1 died of unrelated causes. Of the remainder 33% discontinued @entity7842 at a mean of five months. Reasons for discontinuing treatment were @entity101 , five; @entity712 , four; @entity308 , three; @entity4 , three; and unspecified, two. In those who continued treatment supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not differ significantly from baseline (follow up two to 21 months). Hypokalaemia developed in 24% at a mean of eight months; in no case was treatment withdrawn because of hypokalaemia. CONCLUSION: @entity7842 , even in low doses, is poorly tolerated in the long term in older @entity1 with @entity551 .

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity551 in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope, and/or vasodepressor neurocardiogenic syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension', 'hypotensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone', 'Fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity7842 :: (MESH:D005438,Chemical) :: ['Fludrocortisone']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the impact, mortality, morbidity and economic costs, of @entity649 severe enough to warrant ventilation in one year in New Zealand. METHODS: Review of data from all five New Zealand regional neonatal intensive care units' participation in the international OSIRIS trial of exogenous surfactant (Exosurf) treatment for @entity649 (involving 6700 @entity1 in 21 countries), and extrapolation of these data to a full year. RESULTS: There were 265 New Zealand @entity1 entered in the OSIRIS trial; the mean birthweight was 1335 g and mean gestation 29 weeks; 61% of @entity1 were less than 30 weeks gestation. Forty-seven @entity1 (17.7%) died prior to discharge from hospital, 40 deaths being attributed to prematurity or @entity649 . One hundred and two @entity1 (38.5% of the cohort; 45% of surviving @entity1 ) were @entity26 dependent and 36 @entity1 (13.6%) were dead at 28 days of age. Thirty-four @entity1 (12.8% of the cohort; 15% of surviving @entity1 ) were @entity26 dependent and 40 @entity1 (15%) were dead at the expected date of delivery. @entity1 were intubated for a mean 12.5 days, with surviving @entity1 of less than 27 weeks gestation intubated for a disproportionately long period of time. Seventy-two @entity1 (29% of the 246 @entity1 examined) had an abnormality detected by cranial ultrasound scan at 1 or 6 weeks of age and in 23 (9%) this was a major abnormality. Of surviving @entity1 16 (7.5% of 213 examined) had a major abnormality on cranial ultrasound scan. Amongst @entity1 at high risk for @entity649 (gestation less than 30 weeks) 53% received antenatal @entity230 , compared with 22% in the OSIRIS trial overall. In a full year the cost of caring for @entity1 with @entity649 sufficiently severe enough to warrant ventilation is estimated to be NZ 12.5 million. The average cost of caring for a surviving @entity1 was roughly NZ 52,500 and a nonsurviving @entity1 was NZ 24,500. CONCLUSIONS: In a full year (total births 60,000) approximately 350 New Zealand @entity1 may require ventilation for @entity649 . Increasing the percentage of @entity1 who receive antenatal @entity230 is likely to be extremely cost effective. In the era of antenatal @entity230 and exogenous surfactant, 85% of @entity1 with @entity649 requiring ventilation survive to discharge home and over 90% of survivors are likely to be healthy normal adults.

title: XXXX in New Zealand: evidence from the OSIRIS trial of exogenous surfactant (Exosurf).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['Respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition which affects many @entity1 of reproductive age worldwide and is a major cause of @entity158 and @entity249 . The modern @entity1697 is widely used to treat @entity158 occurring as a result of @entity46 , although the evidence for its efficacy is limited. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of the @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) in comparison to other treatments for @entity2531 of @entity46 in @entity1 of reproductive age. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the @entity1866 and Subfertility Group Specialised Register of controlled trials; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2006); MEDLINE (January 1966 to September 2006); EMBASE (1980 to September 2006); National Research Register; and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: All truly randomised controlled trials of the use of @entity5708 pills in the treatment of @entity1 of reproductive age with symptoms ascribed to the diagnosis of @entity46 and made visually at surgical procedure were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Study quality assessment and data extraction were carried out independently by two review authors. One of the assessors was an expert in the content matter. We contacted study authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS: Only one study met the inclusion criteria, in which a total of 57 @entity1 were allocated to two groups to compare an @entity1697 to a @entity1176 analogue. Methods of randomisation and allocation concealment were unclear and the study was acknowledged by its authors to be underpowered. @entity1 in the @entity1176 analogue group became amenorrhoeic during the treatment period of six months, whilst @entity1 in the @entity1697 group reported a decrease in dysmenorrhoea. No evidence of a significant difference between the two groups was observed in terms of dysmenorrhoea at six months follow up after stopping treatment (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.08 to 2.90). Some evidence for a decrease in @entity546 was found at the end of treatment in @entity1 in the @entity1176 analogue group, although no evidence of a significant difference in @entity546 was observed at the end of the six months follow up (OR 4.87; 95% CI 0.96 to 24.65). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The limited data we found available suggests that this is no evidence of a difference in outcomes between the the @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) studied and @entity1176 analogue was as effective as a @entity1176 analogue in treating for @entity46 -associated @entity2531 of @entity46 . However, the lack of studies with larger sample sizes, or focusing on other comparable treatments is concerning and further research is needed to fully evaluate fully the role of OCPs oral contraceptive pills in managing symptoms associated with ement of @entity46 .

title: Oral contraceptives for XXXX associated with @entity46 .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['OCP', 'oral contraceptive pill']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['Menstrual Disorders']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity5708 :: ('D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptive']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether long-term exposure to @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) alters follicular steroidogenesis and whether or not this effect is dependent on the degree of follicular development. Small- and medium-sized follicles were obtained from @entity1707 ovaries collected, respectively, at days 8-10 and 14-16 of oestrus cycle. Theca interna and granulosa cells were isolated from follicles and placed in the same well in the ratio 1 : 3 with or without the @entity2052 in doses of 100, 300 and 500 micro g ml(-1). The culture medium was changed after 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. In both types of follicles, @entity2052 caused a significant and dose-dependent reduction in both @entity251 and @entity53 secretion from follicular cells. In small-sized follicles, the @entity251 to @entity2931 ratio increased at all doses used and after all lengths of time in culture. In medium-sized follicles, a significant increase in the @entity251 to @entity2931 ratio was only observed at the highest dose level. All doses of @entity2052 caused a marked inhibition of @entity1420 secretion after 48 hours while during long-term @entity2052 exposure @entity1420 gradually increased demonstrating luteinization of cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a direct effect of @entity2052 on steroidogenesis. The effect seems to differ to some extent depending on the follicular stage of development. The elevated ratio of @entity251 to @entity53 suggests that @entity2052 inhibits the conversion of @entity251 to @entity53 .

title: @entity1092 -induced alterations in @entity251 , @entity53 and XXXX secretion from porcine follicular cells isolated from small- and medium-sized ovarian follicles.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Two genes, namely @entity13525 and p21WAF/ @entity994 that reveal distinct structural homology, have been identified as inductors of cell cycle arrest at the G1-checkpoint to prevent entry of somatic cells into the S phase of the cell cycle when substantial DNA damage has occurred. It was demonstrated that the p21WAF/ @entity994 gene is induced by pathways dependent and independent from a functionally intact p53 @entity5 suppressor protein. It has been suggested that decreased expression both of the p21WAF/ @entity994 and @entity13525 protein may contribute to the development of @entity1 @entity5 due to loss of critical antiproliferative mechanisms. So far, the role of altered p21WAF/ @entity994 and mainly of a decreased @entity13525 protein expression in @entity1 with muscle invasive @entity150 has not been investigated. In the present study, 50 @entity5 specimens from 50 @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy (T2-T4) were investigated for different biological and clinical characteristics as possible prognostic factors: age, depth of @entity5 infiltration (T-stage), histological grading (G), lymph node status as well as immunohistochemical staining for the p21WAF/ @entity994 and @entity13525 proteins. The median recurrence-free survival for @entity1 with and without retained p21WAF/ @entity994 protein expression was 54 months (3-86 months) and 13 months (1-40 months), respectively (p=0.07). During univariate analysis, loss of p21WAF/ @entity994 protein expression (p=0.02), T-stage (p=0.02) and histological grading (p=0.03) were significant prognostic factors for survival, among which a negative reaction for the p21WAF/ @entity994 protein (p=0.02) as well as T-stage (p=0.005) remained independent significant predictors during multivariate analysis. Loss of @entity13525 protein expression was not correlated with the recurrence-free or the overall survival of the @entity1 . Prospective studies are needed to confirm the independent prognostic potential of cell-cycle associated proteins such as p21WAF/ @entity994 in @entity1 with muscle invasive @entity150 . The availability of more refined prognostic factors should assist decision making regarding the value of more aggressive treatment options, such as adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, for defined subgroups of @entity1 .

title: Prognostic value of XXXX and p21WAF/Cip protein expression in muscle invasive @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity13525 :: (1027,Gene) :: ['p27Kip1']


abstract: In a German multicenter trial, previously untreated @entity1 with unresectable stages IIIA and IIIB @entity1149 were randomly assigned to receive either radiotherapy alone (arm A) or chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (arm B). Chemotherapy in arm B consisted of @entity1260 1,500 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 to 5 and 29 to 33, and @entity7324 3 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 5 and 29 and 33. Radiotherapy started on day 1 in arm A and on day 56 in arm B. Single doses of 2 Gy were given 5 days a week for 3 weeks and after a 2-week interval for an additional 2 weeks. The total radiation dose was 50 Gy. Concurrent to radiotherapy, @entity900 was given as a radiosensitizer at a dose of 20 mg/m2 once a week. From July 1986 to March 1989, 85 @entity1 were randomized, of whom 78 were evaluable. Main prognostic factors were well balanced. Of the @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, 25% had a partial remission after two cycles, 46% showed no change, and 29% had progressive disease. After radiotherapy, response rates were 49% in arm A and 58% in arm B, including a 10% complete remission rate in both groups. After two thirds of the projected sample size had been included, an analysis of survival was performed and showed a statistically significant advantage for the treatment group including chemotherapy (P = .016). Median survival was 9.0 months versus 13.7 months and 2-year survival was 12% versus 24%, both in favor of the group receiving chemotherapy. These results caused premature discontinuation of @entity1 accrual according to the study protocol and the recommendations of the Ethics Review Board of the Philipps-University Hospital. The results of this trial indicate that chemotherapy is able to prolong survival of @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity1149 and should be considered for treatment of these @entity1 .

title: Radiotherapy alone versus chemotherapy with @entity1260 / @entity7324 followed by radiotherapy in unresectable locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel second-generation cryoballoon (CB) facilitates pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by improved surface cooling. The impact of this redesign on collateral damage is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of @entity1208 after PVI using the second-generation CB and the role of luminal esophageal temperature (LET) measurement as a predictor of @entity75 formation. METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive @entity1 underwent PVI using the second-generation 28 mm CB. Target application time was 2   240 seconds. Ninety-two percent of the PVs were isolated after 1 cryoenergy application. Complete PVI was achieved in all @entity1 . LET with 3 thermocouples was continuously measured during cryoenergy application. Freezing was interrupted only if weakening/loss of phrenic nerve function or low LET (<5   C) was observed. RESULTS: The lowest measured LET was-12   C (despite cryoapplication interruption). Postprocedural gastroesophagoscopy was performed after 1-3 days in all @entity1 and showed lesions in 6 of 32 (19%) @entity1 . A minimum LET of <=12   C predicted @entity1208 with 100% sensitivity and 92% specificity (area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve 0.97; 95% CI 0.93-1.02; P = .001). Persistent @entity129 occurred in 2 (6%) @entity1 during ablation at the right inferior pulmonary vein. Repeat gastroesophagoscopy confirmed healing of lesions after 16    14 days. CONCLUSIONS: Second-generation 28 mm CB PVI is associated with significant esophageal cooling, resulting in @entity75 formation in 19% of the @entity1 . LET measurement accurately predicts @entity75 formation and may enhance the safety of the novel device.

title: Luminal esophageal temperature predicts XXXX after second-generation cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal lesions']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic nerve palsy']

answer: @entity1208 :: (MESH:D004935,Disease) :: ['esophageal lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the time from symptom onset to institutionalization in @entity1 with young-onset @entity303 (YOD) and compare these findings with late-onset @entity303 (LOD), and to determine which factors predict institutionalization in @entity1 with YOD compared with LOD. DESIGN/SETTING: Longitudinal study of community-dwelling @entity1 with YOD and LOD and their caregivers. @entity1 : A total of 226 @entity1 with YOD and 102 with LOD and their informal caregivers were recruited through memory clinics and health care facilities. MEASUREMENTS: Cox proportional hazard models were used to relate covariates with time to institutionalization. The main outcome was time from symptom onset to institutionalization. Key predictors were cohort (YOD or LOD), @entity146 , @entity147 caused by @entity146 , and caregivers' sense of competence (Short Sense of Competence Questionnaire total score). RESULTS: The time from symptom onset to institutionalization was nearly 9 years for @entity1 with YOD compared with approximately 4 years for @entity1 with LOD. In the YOD group, apathy significantly predicted time of institutionalization. Furthermore, the caregiver's competence in caring for the @entity1 with @entity303 significantly predicted institutionalization in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with YOD are cared for at home for a longer period than @entity1 with LOD. The results of this study underline the importance of a timely diagnosis for these @entity1 and their families to facilitate the initiation of appropriate care and support. Support programs aimed at enhancing the caregivers' sense of competence and ability to deal with @entity146 , especially apathy, may postpone the institutionalization of the @entity1 .

title: Predictors of the time to institutionalization in young- versus late-onset XXXX : results from the Needs in Young Onset @entity303 (NeedYD) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['caregiver distress']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: @entity573 is a disease of @entity32 of unknown etiology and HDL is a known risk factor of @entity1504 . So far, there is no specific serum marker for @entity573 . The previous study has shown a remarkable change of serum HDL in the @entity1 with @entity573 . To find whether changes in serum HDL level is a specific serum marker for early diagnosis of @entity573 , we measured the concentration of HDL, LDL, TC, TG and CRP immediately after admission and one week later in three groups of @entity1 (56 @entity1 with @entity573 , 38 @entity1 with clinical @entity1800 , and 42 @entity1 with @entity2348 ). There was a significant decrease of HDL and increase of TG immediately after admission in three groups of @entity1 . HDL and TG did not return to normal one week later. HDL level is more adversely affected in severe diseases than in mild diseases. Our results indicated that low HDL level is noted in various @entity697 and is not a specific serum marker in the early stage of @entity573 . It is interesting that low HDL is a universal phenomenon in this series. Further research is needed to explain the mechanism of lipid alterations and its consequences.

title: Serum HDL level at acute stage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2057 is a common @entity179 that has recently been considered for inclusion in the next generation of newborn screening regimens. We sought to validate liquid microbead arrays for the identification of affected individuals by direct DNA analysis. METHODS: Assays were created to detect the homozygous deletions in exon 7 of the @entity11280 gene found in approximately 95% of affected individuals by use of 2 different microbead chemistries on the Luminex 200: MultiCode-PLx and Tag-It. A series of 367 blood spots including 164 from affected individuals, 46 from known carriers, and 157 from unaffected individuals were then analyzed with each assay. RESULTS: The MultiCode-PLx assay required 4.2 h to perform and provided correct identification of all 164 samples from affected individuals. Correct exclusion was also made for all 46 carrier and 157 unaffected individual samples. The Tag-It assay required 6.8 h, detected all samples from affected individuals, and excluded all but 1 (99.5%) of the samples from carriers and unaffected individuals. Neither method was sensitive to increasing copy numbers of the @entity23247 gene. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of @entity1 with @entity2057 . For both methods, ample DNA was extracted from all blood spots for analysis, and @entity23247 copy numbers did not interfere. Liquid bead arrays represent a robust method for DNA analysis in newborn screening laboratories.

title: Assessment of liquid microbead arrays for the screening of newborns for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal muscular atrophy', 'spinal muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether adding right internal thoracic artery to previous left internal thoracic artery bypass at reoperation @entity2737 and hospital mortality, particularly in @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: Reoperations (n = 2875; 2381 @entity1 ) in @entity1 with previous left internal thoracic artery bypass were performed between January 1990 and January 2003; 1939 (67%) had no repeat internal thoracic artery grafting, 923 (32%) received an additional right internal thoracic artery graft, and 13 (0.5%) had bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting with reuse of the left internal thoracic artery. Of the @entity1 , 352 (12%) were insulin-treated and 590 (21%) non-insulin-treated @entity6 . Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify preoperative variables associated with right versus non-right internal thoracic artery use in @entity6 and nondiabetics and to formulate propensity models. Propensity scores were used for matching and adjusted multivariable analyses of deep wound @entity281 and hospital mortality. RESULTS: @entity2737 occurred in 3.0% (7/230) of @entity6 receiving right internal thoracic artery grafts, 2.2% (5/230) of propensity-matched @entity6 receiving non-right internal thoracic artery grafts (P = .6), in 1.1% (6/538) of nondiabetics receiving right internal thoracic artery grafts, and in 1.0% (5/538) of matched non- @entity6 @entity1 receiving non-right internal thoracic artery grafts (P = .8). Corresponding hospital mortality in these matched groups was 1.7% (4/230) versus 6.1% (14/230) for @entity6 (P = .02) and 2.6% (14/538) versus 3.5% (19/538) for nondiabetics (P = .4). Risk factors for deep wound @entity281 included higher weight (P = .0003), higher New York Heart Association functional class (P = .03), and less severe left anterior descending disease (P = .03). Risk factors for @entity204 were (P < .02) emergency operation, mitral valve replacement, and greater number of saphenous vein grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the right internal thoracic artery for reoperations does not increase the risk of deep wound @entity281 in @entity6 or nondiabetics and does not increase mortality.

title: Does use of a XXXX and risk after previous use of a left internal thoracic artery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['increases deep sternal wound infection', 'Deep wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['right internal thoracic artery increase deep wound infection']


abstract: Two hundred and sixty-four @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) forming the basis of our 15 year experience are retrospectively analyzed. Three therapeutic periods are recognizable. 1. The 1974-76 period was characterized by the increasing knowledge of staging procedures and therapeutic approaches. The 81 @entity1 treated in this period experience 67 and 60% survival at 5 and 10 years, respectively. 2. The 1977-80 period was characterized by a large combination of MOPP and radiotherapy. The 87 @entity1 who entered this period experienced 75 and 72% survival at 5 and 10 years, respectively. 3. The last therapeutic period 1981-84 is characterized by the increasing relevance of prognostic factors and alternating the use of MOPP and ABVD as non-cross resistant regimen. The 96 @entity1 who entered this period showed 96% survival at 4 years. Both survival and disease-free survival were positively influenced by the change of therapeutic strategies during the three periods (p less than .005). Although better results have been recorded moving from one to the next therapeutic period, the present policy has been also based on the recognition of a high number of late complications due to therapy. Preliminary results about the present therapeutic experience seem to indicate both a good remission rate and low incidence of complications.

title: XXXX . A historical perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease", 'HD']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: A novel extremely halophilic member of the Archaea, strain 40T, was isolated from Egypt (Aswan). This isolate requires at least 1.6 M @entity2827 for growth and exhibits optimal growth between 37 and 42 degrees C. Determination of the entire 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed the highest similarity to the type strain of Natrialba asiatica (> 99%). Polar lipid analysis indicated that strain 40T and Natrialba asiatica have essentially identical compositions, indicating that the former is a member of genus Natrialba. However, physiological and biochemical data provided evidence that Natrialba asiatica strains B1T and 172P1T, as well as strain 40T, are sufficiently different to be divided in three different species. The G+C content of strain 40T was 61.5+/-0.6 mol%. In addition, DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the placement of the isolate in a new species in the genus Natrialba, Natrialba aegyptiaca sp. nov., and indicated that Natrialba asiatica @entity9879 T should also be placed in a separate species, Natrialba taiwanensis sp. nov. Morphological studies of strain 40T indicated clearly that this isolate appears in three completely different cell shapes (cocci, rods, tetrads) under different conditions of growth, including different @entity2827 concentrations and different growth temperatures. Another interesting property of strain 40T is the ability to produce an extracellular polymer, which was found to be composed predominantly of @entity367 (85% w/w), representing @entity8465 , @entity3363 (12.5% w/w) and unidentified compounds (2.5% w/w). Among the Archaea, production of an extracellular polysaccharide has been described for some members of the genera Haloferax and Haloarcula.

title: Transfer of Natrialba asiatica B1T to Natrialba taiwanensis sp. nov. and description of Natrialba aegyptiaca sp. nov., a novel extremely halophilic, aerobic, non-pigmented member of the Archaea from Egypt that produces extracellular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity8465 :: ('MESH:D011099', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(glutamic acid)']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity8465 :: (MESH:D011099,Chemical) :: ['poly(glutamic acid)']


abstract: Scanning electron microscopic studies of the gills of catfish, @entity6528 , exposed to sublethal @entity2959 (4 mg/L and 6 mg/L) revealed that 24-hour exposure to 4 mg/L had a mild effect. However, severe damage was found after 48- and 72-hour exposures. After a 24-hour exposure to a 6 mg/L concentration, more severe damage ensued. The microridged epithelial cells of the gill arch became perforated and the central portion of the filament appeared elevated. Numerous mucous gland openings also became visible. After 48- and 72-hour exposures, the damage and structural changes were more pronounced when compared with the 4 mg/L exposure. Enlarged mucous gland openings were found on the gill arch. The lamellar surface had many crevices, elevations and @entity308 . Broken microridges in the gill arch surface were visible at a 72-hour exposure. At 96 hours of exposure, structural recovery occurred to some extent in both the 4- and 6-mg/L exposures. Corrugation and dissociated epithelium along with some interlamellar bridges were evident after 72 hours of exposure to both concentrations. Such deleterious effects cause reduction in available water supply as well as available respiratory area that may result in decreased @entity26 uptake. Consequently, fish may fail to get sufficient @entity26 and asphyxiate.

title: Effect of sublethal levels of XXXX on the gills of @entity6528 : scanning electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity6528 :: ('93621', 'Species') :: ['Heteropneustes fossilis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2959 :: ('MESH:D008294', 'Chemical') :: ['malathion']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

answer: @entity2959 :: (MESH:D008294,Chemical) :: ['malathion']


abstract: The differential display method was applied to identify genes expression of which is altered in the flocculus after unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). Total RNA from sham operated and labyrinthectomized @entity35 flocculi was isolated, amplified by PCR using an arbitrary primer set and separated by electrophoresis on a @entity2975 gel. PCR products the amounts of which were significantly lower in samples from labyrinthectomized animals than those from controls, were cut out of the gel and sequenced. One of the cDNA fragments showed 100% @entity377 sequence identity to the @entity35 @entity2227 receptor (GluR) delta-2 subunit mRNA. In situ hybridization autoradiography showed that GluR delta-2 mRNA expression was intensely located to the floccular Purkinje cell layers. Furthermore, northern blot analysis showed that the delta-2 mRNA expression was decreased for at least two days after UL in accordance with diminishing UL-induced @entity146 . Therefore, it is suggested that the downregulation of delta-2 mRNA is involved in vestibular compensation. UL-induced @entity346 ( @entity346 ) was then examined in GluR delta-2 mutant @entity19 . The frequency of @entity346 in mutant @entity19 was significantly more than that in wild @entity19 until 12 h after UL. GluR delta-2-associated synaptic efficacy may be changed for the induction of vestibular compensation at the initial stage.

title: Unilateral labyrinthectomy downregulates XXXX receptor delta-2 expression in the @entity35 vestibulocerebellum.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['SN', 'spontaneous nystagmus']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: In contrast to normal tissues, @entity5 are exposed to adverse environmental conditions, such as @entity519 and acidity. Despite this caustic environment, @entity5 cells and supporting vascular structures survive the latter, providing nutrients and @entity26 to facilitate @entity5 growth. Therefore, we hypothesized that @entity5 cells express factors that protect endothelial cells from apoptosis. @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown in serum-free medium or in medium conditioned by either @entity1 @entity694 cells or non-malignant cells. Endothelial cells grown in medium conditioned by @entity694 cells demonstrated a decrease in apoptosis, whereas endothelial cells grown in medium conditioned by non-malignant cells did not. @entity1366 phosphorylation increased when endothelial cells were incubated in medium conditioned by @entity694 cells but not when cells were incubated in medium conditioned by non-malignant cells. Protein fractions from medium conditioned by @entity694 cells that were < 3 kDa protected endothelial cells from apoptosis and activated @entity1366 . Heat-inactivated conditioned media did not protect endothelial cells from apoptosis and did not activate @entity1366 . @entity1 @entity694 cells secrete a soluble factor or factors that inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis. This factor is likely to be a protein or protein fragment because it loses its activity after heat inactivation. These studies support the hypothesis that @entity5 cells can alter the phenotype of endothelial cells.

title: Endothelial cell apoptosis is inhibited by a soluble factor secreted by XXXX @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Reversible contraction of @entity235 basilar artery, produced by @entity519 , persisted after mechanical and chemical removal of the endothelium. The removal of endothelium was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy as well as by the abolition or reversal of the relaxant response to @entity934 or @entity369 8-vasopressin. 2. @entity8156 , believed to block selectively endothelium-mediated relaxation, also preferentially @entity536 even in the absence of endothelium but did not reduce responses to @entity750 ( @entity750 ) or high external @entity972 . 3. Contractions induced by red blood cell haemolysate, which occur independently of the endothelium, were also selectively attenuated by @entity8156 . 4. Contractions caused by @entity519 were inhibited by pretreatment with @entity859 or by its application after contraction had developed. 5. @entity519 contraction in @entity235 basilar artery may result partly from a direct effect on smooth muscle as well as through the endothelium. 6. @entity8156 may have an additional locus of action in smooth muscle cells besides its well known effect on the endothelium.

title: Role of endothelium in @entity519 contraction of XXXX basilar artery.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroquinone', 'hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated hypoxic contractions']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Preclinical and clinical studies have emphasized that persistent small afferent input will induce a state of central facilitation that can be attenuated by systemically administered nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. However, these studies have been performed using cutaneous models of @entity1931 . In this study we evaluated the effects of IV @entity6058 on an experimental model of deep tissue @entity1931 using IM @entity2951 . We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Ten subjects received 60 mg of @entity6058 or placebo in 2 sessions separated by 1 wk. @entity2951 (100 microg in 10 microL) was then injected into the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle of the left forearm. After injection, spontaneous @entity158 scores, pressure @entity158 scores, gripping @entity158 , @entity158 distribution, and @entity158 quality were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min. Cutaneous @entity1931 and @entity809 were then mapped and thermal and mechanical thresholds were measured. The IM injection of @entity2951 resulted in a reliable report of @entity158 , @entity1931 , and @entity158 . @entity6058 had no effect on spontaneous @entity158 , elicited @entity158 , @entity158 distribution, or secondary @entity1931 induced by @entity2951 . The findings of this study support the feasibility of further pharmacological studies using the IM @entity2951 @entity158 model.

title: The effect of intravenous @entity6058 on @entity2951 -induced deep tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac', 'Ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['referred pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: This study describes a rare congenital @entity453 in the @entity329 ; namely, the separate origin of the obtuse marginal and left circumflex arteries which are the main components of the left coronary artery. The hearts of nine affected animals were examined by means of a corrosion-cast technique and histology. The hamsters belonged to a laboratory inbred family with a high incidence of @entity453 and @entity4503 . The aortic valve was tricuspid in three hamsters and bicuspid in the other six hamsters. In all cases, the right coronary artery was normal, whereas the left coronary artery main trunk was absent. The present anomalous coronary artery patterns could be classified into two main entities: (i) ectopic origin of the obtuse marginal artery from the right aortic sinus or from the right coronary artery, with the left circumflex artery arising from the left side of the aortic valve; and (ii) ectopic origin of both the obtuse marginal artery from the right aortic sinus or from the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery from the dorsal aortic sinus. In all cases, the obtuse marginal artery coursed to the right side of the heart through the ventral wall of the right ventricular outflow tract. When the left circumflex artery arose from the dorsal aortic sinus, it formed an acute angle with the aortic wall. This report seems to be the first to describe the separate origin of the main components of the left coronary artery in a non- @entity1 @entity1 species. In @entity1 , the congenital coronary artery and aortic @entity340 reported herein may entail the risk of clinical complications. However, none of the affected hamsters showed signs of disease.

title: Separate origin of the main components of the left coronary artery in XXXX ( @entity329 ).

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery anomalies', 'coronary artery anomaly']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve defects']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: The binding of @entity7222 and @entity18828 ( @entity15129 ), positive allosteric effectors, and of @entity22572 ( @entity22572 ), a negative allosteric effector, to @entity12116 synthetase from @entity526 was studied by the technique of equilibrium dialysis. The monomeric form of the enzyme has one binding site for each of the three allosteric ligands. The binding of UMP is inhibited by @entity7222 , @entity15129 , @entity855 , and @entity3265 (also a positive allosteric effector). @entity3157 , @entity9640 , and @entity6883 ( @entity855 ) (Mg2+ absent) had no effect on the binding of UMP. The affinity of the enzyme for UMP was increased if @entity1391 buffer was replaced by @entity43141 (Tris) buffer. The binding of @entity7222 was inhibited by UMP and @entity3265 , enhanced by @entity855 , Mg @entity857 , and @entity15129 , and not affected by @entity3157 , @entity9640 , or @entity855 (Mg2+ absent). @entity7222 and @entity3265 probably bind to the same site on the enzyme. The binding of @entity15129 is facilitated by @entity7222 and @entity3265 , but is inhibited by @entity855 or @entity855 , indicating that @entity3211 can also bind to the @entity15129 binding site. The results of these binding studies are consistent with a scheme previously proposed in which the allosteric effectors function by stabilizing one or the other of two different conformational states of the enzyme which are in equilibrium with each other (Anderson, P.M., and Marvin, S.V. (1970), Biochemistry 9, 171). According to this scheme, binding of the substrate @entity855 is greatly facilitated when the enzyme exists in the conformational state stabilized by the positive allosteric effectors.

title: Binding of allosteric effectors to @entity12116 synthetase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3211 :: ('MESH:D000227', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity12116 :: ('MESH:D002221', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamyl-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity43141 :: ('CHEBI:9754', 'Chemical') :: ['2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity18828 :: ('CHEBI:17202', 'Chemical') :: ["inosine 5'-monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity22572 :: ('MESH:D014542', 'Chemical') :: ["uridine 5'-monophosphate", 'UMP']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['Ornithine', 'ornithine']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate', 'Bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity1862 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) are active cytotoxic drugs in @entity135 and have shown synergistic activity in vitro. Both drugs also act as radiosensitizers. Therefore, we administered radiotherapy at daily fractions of 180 to 200 cGy with simultaneous continuous infusion @entity1487 at 800 mg/m2/d and escalating daily doses of @entity1862 for five days. Cycles were repeated every other week until completion of radiotherapy. Thirty-nine inoperable @entity1 were treated at six dose levels of @entity1862 ranging from 500 mg to 3,000 mg orally daily. Little effect of @entity1862 on the WBC or platelet count was noted in @entity1 receiving less than 2,000 mg daily, whereas both parameters decreased progressively in @entity1 receiving 2,000 mg daily or more. @entity33 occurred at all dose levels, requiring frequent dose reduction of @entity1487 ; however, in @entity1 receiving a daily @entity1862 dose of 2,000 mg or less, the median weekly @entity1487 dose administered was 1,725 mg/m2 (86% of the intended @entity1487 dose), whereas at daily @entity1862 doses exceeding 2,000 mg, the median weekly @entity1487 dose decreased to 1,133 mg/m2 (57%) (P = .001). Of 15 evaluable @entity1 with @entity66 after prior local therapy only one failed to respond; six had a complete response (CR), and eight a partial response (PR). Of 17 evaluable @entity1 without prior local therapy, 12 had a CR, with no @entity1 developing recurrence in the irradiated field to date; five @entity1 had a PR. We conclude that the recommended dose of @entity1862 in this regimen is 2,000 mg daily. That dose will cause mild to moderate myelosuppression and will allow for delivery of greater than 80% of the intended @entity1487 dose. The activity of this regimen in poor-prognosis @entity135 exceeds 90%; its further investigation in previously untreated @entity1 is warranted.

title: @entity1862 , @entity1487 , and concomitant radiotherapy in poor-prognosis XXXX : a phase I-II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea', 'hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The @entity4634 ( @entity4634 ) has been recently suggested to play a pivotal role in the immune evasion of @entity5 from host immune system. In the study, we tried to reveal the clinical significance of @entity4634 in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), which is one of the most @entity146 and intractable @entity5 . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: @entity4634 expression in 120 @entity1149 tissue specimens and 10 benign control samples embedded with wax were retrospectively detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: No @entity4634 was detected in the 10 benign controls, whereas 57.5% of @entity1149 tissue specimens showed @entity4634 expression. There was no relationship between @entity4634 expression and @entity1 age, gender or histopathological type. However, @entity4634 expression was significantly correlated to the degree of @entity5 cell differentiation, stage of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity1 survival. Poor @entity5 cell differentiation and advanced @entity5 stage were related to higher @entity4634 expression. @entity4634 -negative @entity1149 @entity1 had longer overall 5-year survival than @entity4634 -positive @entity1 ( P <0.0001). @entity4634 status was a significant independent prognostic factor of @entity1149 (  2 = 18.153, RR = 2.946, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulated @entity4634 expression in @entity1149 is related to the degree of @entity5 cell differentiation and @entity5 stage. @entity4634 status may be a new predictor of prognosis for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Clinical significance of programmed death-1 ligand-1 expression in XXXX with @entity1149 : a 5-year-follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity4634 :: ('29126', 'Gene') :: ['PD-L1', 'programmed death-1-ligand 1']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TNM', 'tumor node metastasis', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There are many reports on the management of pediatric @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity3947 . However, few authors have investigated the etiology of this disease in @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine the role of damage to both the condylar @entity1844 and disk in the induction of traumatic @entity1348 @entity3947 during the growth period. The study was performed in growing @entity35 by a common condyle @entity174 model. Intentional damage was performed to both the disk and condylar @entity1844 in the experimental group (n = 12), while the disk and condylar @entity1844 in the control group was left untouched (n = 12). Sham-operated growing @entity35 were deemed the blank group (n = 10). Two @entity35 from the experimental group and two from the control group were killed 24 h after the operation, and the result following surgical intervention was observed. Each @entity35 's body weight in the three groups was monitored and recorded at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after surgery. Twelve weeks after the operation, all animals were killed. The prognosis was compared by mandible deviation measure, body weight evaluation, and histological observation. Animals from the experimental group presented a slow body weight increase and obvious mandible deviation while all involved TMJs showed @entity82 in various degrees. The damage to both the condylar @entity1844 and disk in the condylar @entity174 might play a vital role in traumatic @entity1348 @entity3947 development during the growth period. The results of this study suggest that more attention should be paid to condylar fractures in @entity1 that are accompanied with severe @entity1844 and disk damage, which is a matter of significance for pediatric @entity1348 @entity3947 prevention.

title: Induction of traumatic @entity1348 @entity3947 in growing XXXX : a preliminary experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2379 -induced nephrotoxicity is frequent, severe and associated with an increased risk of @entity204 . @entity1 with underlying @entity8 are considered to be at high risk for @entity2379 nephrotoxicity. @entity2379 is a molecule that is highly protein bound over a wide range of protein and drug concentrations, including those seen in @entity1 with >or= 3 + @entity644 . We hypothesized that @entity2379 treatment in @entity1 with @entity644 will be associated with less hypokalaemia than @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: Thirty-six subjects who received @entity2379 deoxycholate were studied retrospectively. Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity644 < 3 g/L and 11 with @entity644 >or= 3 g/L were compared. RESULTS: Hypokalaemia (K+ < 3.5 mmol/L) developed in 47.2% (17/36) of our cohort of @entity1 . There was a 64% (16/25) incidence of hypokalaemia in the group with < 3 g/L of @entity644 in contrast to an incidence of 9.1% (1/11) in the other group. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, heavy @entity644 appears to protect the tubular luminal membrane by decreasing the luminal concentration of free drug available to bind with the membrane. Our findings redefine the @entity1 population deemed to be at risk of developing @entity2379 nephrotoxicity. This ensures the benefit of this important antifungal treatment option to @entity1 with heavy @entity644 who might otherwise not be administered this drug due to the presence of pre-existing @entity8 .

title: @entity644 lowers the risk of XXXX -associated hypokalaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease', 'renal disease', 'non-proteinuric renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for @entity0 @entity1 is undergone commonly, its clinical significance remains controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed our database that contained 636 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 who received preoperative lymphoscintigraphy before SLNB. RESULTS: The sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of 86.5% of @entity1 were well imaged by lymphoscintigraphy, and @entity4298 were @entity3506 in 5.3% @entity1 . The visualization of @entity4298 in lymphoscintigraphy was not associated with histopathologic type, location, and stage of @entity5 , as well as the time interval from injection of radiocolloid to surgery. The negative lymphoscintigraphy results were associated with excision ;biopsy before injection of radiocolloid and positive axillary node statues. The @entity4298 was successfully detected in 625 (98.3%) enrolled @entity1 . Failure of surgical identification of axillary @entity4298 was associated with whether hot spot was imaged by lymphoscintigraphy. However, we identified axillary @entity4298 in 90 (90.9%) out of 99 @entity1 with negative axillary findings in lymphoscintigram. The false negative rate of SLNB in our study was 16.0% (15 of 94) among @entity1 of training group, and there was no significant difference in the false negative rate between @entity1 who had axillary hot spot in lymphoscintigram and those who had not (P = .273). CONCLUSIONS: Visualization of @entity4298 in preoperative lymphoscintigraphy predicted the successful @entity4298 identification. However, it was less informative for the location of @entity4298 during operation. Considering the complexity, time consumed, and cost, lymphoscintigraphy should at present be undergone for investigation purposes only.

title: Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy predicts the successful identification but is not necessary in sentinel lymph nodes biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3506 :: ('MESH:D010236', 'Disease') :: ['located extra-axilla']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study describes causal beliefs about @entity308 among Dominican, Colombian, and Ecuadorian immigrants. The authors describe @entity1 ' narratives about how particular supernatural or religious beliefs may contribute to or alleviate @entity308 . METHOD: Latino primary care @entity1 (n = 177) were interviewed with the Beliefs About Causes of @entity308 Scale, a list of 35 items rated from not at all important to extremely important. @entity1 had the option of expanding on responses using an informal conversational approach. Underlying themes of these explanatory comments were derived from narrative and content analysis. RESULTS: Major themes that emerged were Psychosocial and Religious and Supernatural causal beliefs. A third theme emerged that represented the integration of these categories in the context of the immigrant experience. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This article adds to the understanding of cross-cultural beliefs about @entity308 . Psychosocial stressors related to the immigrant experience and adverse life events were highly endorsed, but the meaning of these stressors was construed in terms of religious and cultural values. To provide culturally appropriate services, nurses should be aware of and discuss the @entity1 's belief systems, illness interpretations, and expectations of treatment.

title: Cultural influences on causal beliefs about XXXX among Latino immigrants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The @entity12198 comprise several morphological entities that are recognizable during life using current imaging techniques. We studied 4 @entity1 who had a characteristic bilateral central rolandic and sylvian @entity12199 . The @entity1 had @entity12911 with @entity2055 and @entity245 and were mildly retarded. Minor @entity410 developed between the ages of 8 and 9 years. Subsequently, atonic drop attacks became the predominant @entity302 pattern. Epileptogenic electrographic abnormalities were secondary generalized or multifocal. The lesions were detected by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in all @entity1 . Bilateral symmetrical areas of thick cortex surrounding a large sulcus were seen. This syndrome consists of specific clinical, imaging, electroencephalographic, and @entity302 features. It can be suspected clinically and confirmed by imaging studies. Callosotomy in two @entity1 helped the intractable @entity410 .

title: Bilateral central @entity12199 : @entity302 , XXXX , and mental retardation--a recognizable @entity12198 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity12911 :: ('MESH:D020828', 'Disease') :: ['pseudobulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity12198 :: ('MESH:D054081', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal migration disorders']

entities_list: @entity12199 :: ('MESH:D054082', 'Disease') :: ['macrogyria']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['oromotor incoordination']

answer: @entity12911 :: (MESH:D020828,Disease) :: ['pseudobulbar palsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accurate @entity5 tracking remains a challenge in current radiation therapy. Many strategies including image guided radiation therapy alleviate the problem to certain extents. The authors propose a new modality called emission guided radiation therapy (EGRT) to accurately and directly track the @entity5 based on its biological signature. This work is to demonstrate the feasibility of EGRT under two clinical scenarios using a 4D digital @entity1 model. METHODS: EGRT uses lines of response (LOR's) from positron emission events to direct beamlets of therapeutic radiation through the emission sites inside a @entity5 . This is accomplished by a radiation delivery system consisting of a Linac and positron emission tomography (PET) detectors on a fast rotating closed-ring gantry. During the treatment of radiotracer-administrated @entity5 @entity1 , PET detectors collect LOR's from @entity5 uptake sites and the Linac responds in nearly real-time with beamlets of radiation along the same LOR paths. Moving @entity5 are therefore treated with a high targeting accuracy. Based on the EGRT concept, the authors design a treatment method with additional modulation algorithms including attenuation correction and an integrated boost scheme. Performance is evaluated using simulations of a @entity2 case with 3D motion and a @entity263 case with setup errors. The emission process is simulated by Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission package (GATE) and Linac dose delivery is simulated using a voxel-based Monte Carlo algorithm (VMC++). RESULTS: In the lung case with attenuation correction, compared to a conventional helical treatment, EGRT achieves a 41% relative increase in dose to 95% of the gross @entity5 volume (GTV) and a 55% increase to 50% of the GTV. All dose distributions are normalized for the same dose to the lung. In the prostate case with the integrated boost and no setup error, EGRT yields a 19% and 55% relative dose increase to 95% and 50% of the GTV, respectively, when all methods are normalized for the same dose to the rectum. In the prostate case with integrated boost where setup error is present, EGRT contributes a 21% and 52% relative dose increase to 95% and 50% of the GTV, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: As a new radiation therapy modality with inherent @entity5 tracking, EGRT has the potential to substantially improve targeting in radiation therapy in the presence of intrafractional and interfractional motion.

title: Emission guided radiation therapy for @entity263 : a feasibility study on a digital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']