abstract: Many studies have focused on the detrimental effects of malnourishment to the performance of the brain and peripheral nerves. Undernourished @entity1 and adults have been studied extensively to establish these consequences. Little attention has been given to the body habitus that affects optimum neurological performance and the implications for individuals on the spectral extremes of the healthy weight range. This paper examines the association between markers of @entity1386 and neurological performance, inclusive of all body types. The data were obtained from Cape Coloured youths (5-20 years) in South Africa from the rural district of Klein Karoo and the urban population of Cape Town. In all, the sums of skin-folds were measured for almost 4000 students. The neuromuscular reaction time was also calculated using a ruler drop test. This measure may serve as a gross marker of peripheral and central neurological performance as both are needed to execute the reflex command. There was a direct correlation between @entity1386 and neuromuscular reaction time. Whilst controlling for age, increasing @entity1386 was associated with a decrease in neuromuscular reaction time amongst both sexes. This relationship remained statistically significant, even when removing the thinnest 40% of @entity1 , eliminating the scope of influence exerted by malnourishment on the correlation. The trend appears to be more prominent amongst @entity1 . These findings indicate that body lipid reserves are integral to the development of the nervous system even amongst @entity1 within the healthy weight ranges. Our hypothesis is that the myelination of the nerves, both centrally through oligodendrocytes and peripherally by Schwann cells, is integral to this process as they are predominantly lipid. Amongst thin but not clinically undernourished individuals, the somatic lipid reserves are modest. These fats may be minimally sequestered away for the development of @entity17 at the expense of saltatory conduction. This may account for the slowed neuromuscular reaction time demonstrated.

title: XXXX is associated with improved neuromuscular reaction time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelin nerve sheath']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fatness', 'adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['Adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Video-assisted retroperitoneal necrosectomy is a minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of severe acute @entity788 . This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of a modified single-stage video-assisted retroperitoneal necrosectomy, @entity4142 ( @entity4142 ). METHODS: Between September 2010 and May 2012, a total of 17 @entity1 with @entity788 underwent @entity4142 . The surgical procedures were similar to retroperitoneoscopic pancreatectomy, in which 3 trocars are utilized. Briefly, the perirenal space was entered through the posterior pararenal space. Dissection proceeded from posterior to anterior direction to expose the dorsal side of the perirenal fascia. This was opened to reach the anterior perirenal space, where the peripancreatic abscess was located. Necrotic tissue was then debrided and catheter drainage was performed in a single stage. RESULTS: Operating time ranged from 45 to 100 minutes with minimal @entity190 . All @entity1 recovered except for one who died. Major perisurgical complications included @entity6378 (1 @entity1 ), @entity130 (1 @entity1 ), @entity281 with @entity8442 (1 @entity1 ), hydrothorax and @entity891 (2 @entity1 ), and @entity2688 beneath the incision (3 @entity1 ). Two @entity1 required additional percutaneous catheter drainage, and 1 @entity1 required a laparotomy to debride the remaining @entity39 tissue. Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 21 to 64 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity4142 , a modified single-stage video-assisted retroperitoneal approach, was safe and feasible for the treatment of @entity788 . The advantages of this procedure include direct access with shorter operating time, complete @entity39 tissue debridement, easy hemostasis, simple manipulation, and easy drainage.

title: Retroperitoneoscopic Anatomical Necrosectomy: A Modified Single-Stage Video-Assisted Retroperitoneal Approach for Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'infected necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4142 :: ('MESH:D020763', 'Disease') :: ['REAN', 'retroperitoneoscopic anatomical necrosectomy']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal injury']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal infection']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein injury']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Assessment of perinatal effects of drug exposure during pregnancy after approval is an important issue for regulatory agencies. The study aimed to explore associations between perinatal outcomes and maternal exposure to drugs for @entity102 , including @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity792 .We reviewed 521 cases of adverse reactions due to drug exposure during pregnancy who were reported to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, a regulatory authority in Japan. The primary outcomes were @entity5617 and @entity600 of @entity1 . Associations between perinatal outcomes and exposure to each drug category for @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity792 were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.Of the 521 cases (maternal age: 15-47 years; mean 32.3  5.5), fetal and neonatal deaths were reported in 159 cases (130 miscarriage; 12 @entity2209 ; 4, @entity204 ; and 13 abortion due to medical reasons), and @entity600 of @entity1 were observed in 124 cases. In contrast to the trend of association between @entity6 with or without medication and @entity5617 (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-1.36), exposure to oral antidiabetics tended to be associated with @entity5617 (OR, 4.86; 95% CI, 0.81-29.2). @entity600 tended to be correlated with exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 0.76-11.7). This association showed trends opposite to that of the association with @entity101 itself (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18-1.02) or overall antihypertensives (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.15-1.13). Occurrence of multiple @entity600 was associated with exposure to biologics (OR, 8.46; 95% CI, 1.40-51.1), whereas there was no significant association between multiple @entity600 and @entity792 with or without medication (OR 1.07; 95% CI, 0.37-3.06).These findings suggest that drugs of different categories may have undesirable effects when used during pregnancy. However, the regulatory database was not originally designed to evaluate the causal associations between drug exposure and adverse drug reactions. The limitations of spontaneous reporting systems should be carefully taken into account. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of individual drugs in each category on perinatal outcomes.

title: Exposure of Drugs for XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity792 During Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes: An Investigation of the Regulator in Japan.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal and neonatal death']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation', 'Malformation']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: A 61-year-old complaining of @entity448 and general fatigue was admitted to our hospital for further examination. She was diagnosed as advanced sigmoid @entity694 with multiple metastases of lung, liver, and left @entity3041 . Since curative surgery was not deemed possible, we started chemotherapy with bevacizumab/FOLFOX6 (bi-weekly drip infusion). After the 6th course, colonoscopy revealed a significant @entity5 reduction and changes to the scar tissues. CT did not reveal a complete disappearance, but found some reductions in metastases of lung and liver. Sigmoidectomy and lymph node resection (D1) were performed. We did not disappeared any dissemination and the histological diagnosis revealed a complete disappearance of @entity5 cells in the main @entity5 . She was discharged 13 days after surgery, following chemotherapy which included bevacizumab and XELOX. The chemotherapy using bevacizumab/FOLFOX6 is a candidate for the standard treatment strategy for inoperable advanced @entity694 . Herein we report this rare case with a review of the literature.

title: [A case of pathologically by complete response in advanced sigmoid XXXX with multiple metastases of lung and Liver, left @entity3041 after chemotherapy including bevacizumab/FOLFOX6].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are no community-based studies on the incidence of transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) in Portugal. This study was designed to determine @entity4905 incidence and the risk of @entity64 occurrence in rural and urban populations in northern Portugal. METHODS: All suspected first-ever TIAs occurring between October 1998 and September 2000 in 18,677 residents in a rural municipality and 86,023 living in the city of Porto were entered into a population-based registry. Standard definitions and comprehensive sources of information were used for identification of @entity1 who were followed up at 3 and 12 months after the @entity4905 . RESULTS: During a 24-month period, 141 @entity1 with a first-ever @entity4905 were registered, 36 in rural and 104 in urban areas. The vascular territory was carotid in 66.7% of the @entity1 , vertebrobasilar in 29.1%, and undetermined in 4.3%. The overall crude annual incidence rate per 1000 was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.45 to 1.04), 0.61 (95% CI, 0.38 to 1.01) for rural, and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.43 to 2.33) for urban populations. The risk of @entity64 within the first 7 days of the index event was 12.8% (95% CI, 7.3 to 18.3), reaching 21.4% (95% CI, 14.6 to 28.1) at 1 year. Three factors were associated with @entity64 occurrence within 120 days after @entity4905 : @entity1 ' age > or =65 years and an episode in the carotid distribution lasting > or =3 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity4905 in northern Portugal, particularly in rural populations, ranks among the highest reported in community-based studies, following closely the @entity64 incidence trend (ACINrpc). Early recognition of @entity4905 by @entity1 and physicians is crucial for effective @entity64 prevention.

title: Transient XXXX attacks in rural and urban northern Portugal: incidence and short-term prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: The synergism of combined high-dose @entity2879 with standard dose @entity900 ( @entity2033 -EP) was evaluated in 20 @entity1 who had relapsed after treatment of @entity151 . Each @entity1 was given @entity2879 at 500 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 3 and @entity900 at 80 mg/m2 (two @entity1 given 120 mg/m2) on day 1; autologous bone marrow was not transplanted. Five @entity1 were given recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 (rhG-CSF, 50 micrograms/m2) in an attempt to reduce @entity2033 -EP induced @entity1398 . The overall response was 50% (9 of 18); one complete response (6%), eight partial responses (44%), seven no change (39%), and two progressions of disease (11%). Of the 18 evaluable @entity1 , 12 had been treated with regimens of conventional doses of @entity2879 with conventional doses of @entity900 or @entity3003 , and of these, five (42%) achieved a partial response. The median duration of response was 8.4 weeks (range, 5.3 to 17.7) and the median survival time was 20.3 weeks (range, 1.6 to 91). All of the @entity1 developed severe myelosuppression; rhG-CSF did not shorten the period of the @entity1431 . @entity33 and @entity409 were the major nonhematologic manifestations of @entity137 . Two treatment-related deaths resulted from @entity295 . These results suggest that the activities of high doses @entity2879 with standard doses of @entity900 are synergistic against @entity151 .

title: Evaluation of high-dose @entity2879 combined with @entity900 for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['relapsed small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The study attempted to define characteristics of renal podocytes in @entity1985 glomerulopathies in @entity1 with and without @entity8 based on the histochemical expression of @entity2873 ( @entity2873 ) and @entity2277 . Material consisted of 29 renal biopsies performed in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, between 1991 and 2000. The study group included 16 @entity1 with mesangial @entity631 (MesGN) and signs of @entity8 and 13 @entity1 with MesGN without signs of @entity8 . The control tissue was derived from macroscopically normal renal cortex taken from kidneys resected for localised @entity5 ( n=3). In the control samples, the immunocytochemical expression of @entity2873 was found only in epithelial cells of proximal and distal tubules. @entity2277 was present in all podocytes, some mesangial cells and endothelium. In all cases of @entity1 with MesGN with signs of @entity44 , both @entity2873 -positive and @entity2277 -positive podocytes were found. In all cases of MesGN without @entity44 we revealed @entity2873 -negative podocytes but with distinct @entity2277 -positive expression. Reorganisation of cytoskeletal proteins within immature podocytes may be associated with the unfavourable clinical course of @entity1985 in @entity1 . The application of antibodies against intermediate filaments may help to differentiate between mature and immature forms of MesGN.

title: Expression of intermediate filaments of podocytes within XXXX glomerulopathies in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular immaturity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), a potent antiinflammatory molecule, in regulating @entity1356 ( @entity1356 )-induced production of the chemokines @entity5737 ( @entity5737 ), @entity2842 ( @entity2842 / @entity2842 ), epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 ( @entity18974 / @entity18974 ), growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GROalpha/ @entity2851 ), and @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) activity in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) synovial fibroblasts. METHODS: Fibroblasts obtained from @entity309 synovium were grown, and conditioned medium was obtained. Cell viability was determined by @entity98 assay. @entity5737 , @entity2842 , @entity18974 , and GROalpha produced in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity1476 activity was analyzed by gelatin zymography. Western blotting was used to study the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms and nuclear translocation of @entity2451 . RESULTS: @entity3090 was nontoxic to @entity309 synovial fibroblasts. Treatment with @entity3090 at 10 microM or 20 microM significantly inhibited @entity1356 -induced @entity18974 , @entity5737 , and GROalpha, but not @entity2842 production in a concentration-dependent manner. @entity3090 at 50 microM caused a complete block of @entity1356 -induced production of @entity5737 , @entity18974 , and GROalpha, and reduced production of @entity2842 by 48% (P < 0.05). Zymography showed that @entity3090 blocked constitutive, @entity1356 -induced, and chemokine-mediated @entity1476 activity. Evaluation of signaling events revealed that @entity3090 preferentially blocked the phosphorylation of @entity4456 and inhibited the activation and nuclear translocation of @entity2451 in @entity1356 -treated @entity309 synovial fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity3090 may be of potential therapeutic value in inhibiting joint destruction in @entity309 .

title: Regulation of @entity1356 -induced chemokine production and @entity1476 activation by XXXX in @entity309 synovial fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2', 'matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein 1', 'CCL2']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']


abstract: We report the case of a 74-year-old @entity1 with Fontaine stage IV chronic @entity14674 who had been suffering from inveterate giant skin @entity1066 on the dorsum and heel of the right foot. As conventional medical treatments had not improved these @entity1066 and surgical treatment was considered unfeasible, amputation of the right lower limb below the knee appeared to represent the only option. The @entity1 was admitted to Tottori University Hospital to attempt a new angiogenic therapy using auto-mononuclear cell transplantation to avoid amputation. On admission, neither right ankle blood pressure nor transcutaneous partial pressure of @entity26 at the right toe were detectable. The @entity1 had a history of multiple @entity385 , and collection of mononuclear cells from bone marrow was considered too difficult, so collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was selected. Transcutaneous partial pressure of @entity26 and skin temperature in the treated limb started to improve from 2 weeks after implantation. @entity1066 size was recognizably reduced by 1 month after treatment. Partial auto-skin implantation on the right heel was performed 2 months after treatment, and the giant skin @entity1066 was finally completely covered. No adverse effects were noted during follow-up lasting 1 year. These results suggest that peripheral blood mononuclear cell implantation may offer a suitable alternative rescue therapy for @entity1 with critical limb @entity63 whose general condition is not good.

title: Autoperipheral blood mononuclear cell transplantation improved giant @entity1066 due to chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'Ulcer', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14674 :: ('MESH:D001162', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity14674 :: (MESH:D001162,Disease) :: ['arteriosclerosis obliterans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Agitation and containment are frequent in @entity146 care but little is known about their costs. The aim was to evaluate the use of services and costs related to @entity2146 and containment of adult @entity1 admitted to a @entity146 hospital or emergency service. METHODS: Systematic searches of four electronic databases covering the period January 1998-January 2014 were conducted. Manual searches were also performed. Paper selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Cost data were converted to @entity7634 in 2014. RESULTS: Ten studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis (retrospective cohorts, prospective cohorts and cost-of-illness studies). Evaluated in these studies were length of stay, readmission rates and medication. Eight studies assessed the impact of @entity2146 on the length of stay and six showed that it was associated with longer stays. Four studies examined the impact of @entity2146 on readmission and a statistically significant increase in the probability of readmission of agitated @entity1 was observed. Two studies evaluated medication. One study showed that the mean medication dose was higher in agitated @entity1 and the other found higher costs of treatment compared with non-agitated @entity1 in the unadjusted analysis. One study estimated the costs of conflict and containment incurred in acute inpatient @entity146 care in the UK. The estimation for the year 2014 of total annual cost per ward for all conflict was < @entity7634 >182,616 and < @entity7634 >267,069 for containment based on updated costs from 2005. CONCLUSIONS: Agitation has an effect on healthcare use and costs in terms of longer length of stay, more readmissions and higher drug use. Evidence is scarce and further research is needed to estimate the burden of @entity2146 and containment from the perspective of hospitals and the healthcare system.

title: Health service use and costs associated with @entity146 or @entity2146 and containment in adult XXXX care: a systematic review of the evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: PURPOSE: Drug-resistant @entity302 (DRE) occurs in about 30  % of individuals with @entity302 . For @entity410 control, a wide range of surgical procedures are performed, depending on the underlying pathology. To address the anesthetic and perioperative concerns in these @entity1 , we analyzed the data of @entity1 with DRE who underwent @entity302 surgery at our institute. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent @entity302 surgery from 2005-2010 was performed. For data collection and analysis, @entity1 were divided into three groups: Group I ( @entity1315 ), Group II ( @entity1315 ), and Group III (multilobar @entity302 and others). RESULTS: A total of 241 surgical procedures were performed on 235 @entity1 with DRE. The procedures included temporal (149) and extratemporal (47) lobe resection, hemispherotomy (31), @entity6789 (5), vagus nerve stimulation (3), and implantation of invasive cerebral electrodes (6). General anesthesia was the more common anesthetic technique; awake craniotomy was performed in only five cases. Intraoperative neuromonitoring was used most frequently in Group II. @entity1 in Group III had the longest intraoperative course and the greatest @entity190 . The overall incidence of postoperative mechanical ventilation was 17.84  %, with 53.84  % of @entity1 in Group III alone. At one-year follow-up, a good outcome was seen in 78  % of temporal lobe resection, 55  % of extratemporal cortical resection, 82  % of hemispherotomy, and 80  % of @entity6789 procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Careful preoperative selection and meticulous perioperative management are the most significant factors for success of @entity302 surgery. Although temporal and extratemporal lobe surgeries have a fairly stable perioperative course, multilobar @entity302 requiring disconnective surgery poses a greater challenge.

title: Perioperative anesthetic implications of XXXX surgery: a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['extratemporal lobe epilepsy', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosotomy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) is the major endogenous inhibitor of @entity1 leukocyte elastase (HLE). We have employed two different methods to quantitate the binding of alpha 1-PI to extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of 51% glycoproteins and proteoglycans, 37% types I and III collagen, and 12% elastin, derived from @entity35 heart smooth muscle cells. alpha 1-PI is tightly bound to ECM via a saturable adsorption process; the bound protein fails to dissociate from the matrix after repeated washing. Binding of alpha 1-PI is unaffected by the prior removal of ECM glycoproteins with trypsin. Binding to ECM is not decreased in the presence of high salt but is decreased at low pH. A 40-fold excess of unlabeled alpha 1-PI displaces only 50% of [125I]alpha 1-PI prebound to ECM. A 30% decrease in the levels of alpha 1-PI bound to ECM is observed after DTT washes of ECM preincubated with alpha 1-PI or when alpha 1-PI is modified with @entity8867 prior to incubation with ECM, implying that a fraction of bound alpha 1-PI is covalently linked to ECM via @entity1520 bond formation. Moreover, high molecular weight complexes between [125I]alpha 1-PI and ECM components can be visualized by @entity214 -PAGE under nonreducing conditions but disappear upon reduction. Approximately 50% of the total alpha 1-PI bound covalently or noncovalently to ECM retains the ability to inhibit HLE-mediated ECM proteolysis. alpha 1-PI-HLE complexes bound to ECM can be visualized by @entity214 -PAGE following the addition of HLE to ECM that was pretreated with [125I]alpha 1-PI. alpha 1-PI from normal plasma or serum also binds to ECM with retention of immunoreactivity and partial retention of inhibitory activity. However, ECM pretreated with alpha 1-PI-deficient serum retains no HLE-inhibitory activity.

title: XXXX alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor binds to extracellular matrix in vitro.

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the function, complications and cosmesis after a modified Thiersch-Duplay and Mathieu unstented urethroplasty. @entity1 AND METHODS: Over a 5-year period 381 consecutive @entity1 (not randomized) with @entity2650 were evaluated. A modified Thiersch-Duplay with dorsal incised urethral plate tubularization (group A) was undertaken in 170 (45%) and a parameatal based flip-flap @entity2650 repair (group B) in 211 (55%). No urinary diversion or stent was used in any of the 381 @entity1 . RESULTS: In both groups the mean (sd) follow-up was 3.1 (1.4) years. All 381 @entity1 voided spontaneously after surgery and none developed urinary retention needing catheterization. In groups A and B, respectively, the overall late complications were 12 (7.1%) and 32 (15.2%) (P=0.001), with urethrocutaneous @entity292 in six (3.5%) and 26 (12.3%; P=0.001); secondary surgery for @entity292 repair was successful in all @entity1 in A and 89% in B. The glanular meatus was a vertical slit in all in group A and 86% in B (P=0.02). In both groups, 71% of the @entity1 who are now toilet-trained and standing to void have a good calibre, single and straight urinary stream in a forward direction. CONCLUSIONS: Stenting or urinary diversion is unnecessary after @entity2650 surgery. The functional results were good in those standing to void. A more natural vertical slit-like glanular meatus was easily created using the modified Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty, with a lower @entity292 rate.

title: XXXX : which repair?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['distal hypospadias', 'Mathieu hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['Distal hypospadias']


abstract: @entity1091 in the form of @entity3486 was administered at a dose level of 1.1 g kg(-1) food to @entity35 fed normal (18% protein), low-protein (LP; 8%) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ; 30%) diets for a period of 1 month. A highly significant (53%) increase in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was observed in @entity1131 @entity35 but this increase was marginal in @entity35 fed an @entity2101 diet (18%). @entity1091 treatment of @entity35 fed a normal diet caused a marked decrease (22%) in LPO. @entity1091 administration to @entity35 fed an LP diet also reduced the raised levels of LPO to the extent of 16%. Furthermore, @entity1091 treatment normalized the @entity2101 -induced increase in the levels of LPO. The activities of @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx), @entity12609 and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) were reduced significantly in @entity1131 @entity35 . On the other hand, an @entity2101 diet caused a decrease in SOD activity only. The activities of GPx and @entity12609 were appreciably enhanced in @entity1091 -treated @entity35 . @entity1091 treatment to LP-fed @entity35 markedly increased GPx activity and brought the decreased levels of SOD and @entity12609 to within normal limits. @entity1091 administration to @entity2101 -fed @entity35 did not cause any significant alteration in the activities of these antioxidative enzymes.

title: Effect of XXXX on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes under different dietary protein regimens.

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein-deficient']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-protein', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: @entity10813 , an opioid peptide that is normally present in the hippocampal mossy fiber system, was localized immunocytochemically in the hippocampal formation of control autopsy and @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) specimens. In control tissue, dynorphin-like immunoreactive (Dyn-IR) structures were confined to the mossy fiber path and were most highly concentrated in the polymorph (hilar) region of the dentate gyrus. Very few Dyn-IR structures were present in the molecular and granule cell layers of the dentate gyrus. In contrast, in all @entity1315 specimens, Dyn-IR elements were present in these layers. The extent of aberrant staining varied among the @entity1315 specimens, and 2 major patterns were observed. The first was a relatively wide band of reaction product in the inner one-third to one-fourth of the molecular layer (8 cases), and the second was a more limited distribution of immunoreactive fibers and presumptive terminals in the granule cell and immediately adjacent supragranular regions (2 cases). The extent of aberrant Dyn-IR structures appeared to be related to the amount of cell loss in the polymorph and @entity1400 fields and to dispersion of the granule cell somata. Specimens processed with the Timm's sulfide @entity575 method for heavy metals provided independent evidence for the distribution of mossy fibers. In both control and @entity1315 specimens, the patterns of labeling were virtually identical to those of dynorphin localization. These findings suggest that sprouting of mossy fibers or their axon collaterals has occurred in @entity302 and that the reorganized fibers contain at least one of the neuropeptides that are normally present in this system. Such fibers could form recurrent excitatory circuits and contribute to synchronous firing and epileptiform activity, as suggested in studies of experimental models of @entity302 .

title: Altered patterns of dynorphin immunoreactivity suggest mossy fiber reorganization in human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['hippocampal epilepsy']


abstract: @entity27662 --a new injectable formulation with a duration of action of 2-3 days--was compared with conventional intramuscular and oral formulations of @entity1767 and @entity14753 in the initial treatment of acutely disturbed, @entity716 @entity1 . The @entity1 were stratified into 3 diagnostic categories: acute @entity914 (48 @entity1 ), @entity162 (22 @entity1 ), and exacerbation of chronic @entity914 (73 @entity1 ). The @entity1 were rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale (BRMAS) (only @entity162 @entity1 ) and globally on the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). The study was an open, randomized multicentre trial with a 6-day treatment period. The @entity27662 @entity1 received 1-4 doses, the @entity1767 @entity1 1-26 and the @entity14753 @entity1 1-22 doses. The assessments on the CGI showed that all 3 treatments caused a clear reduction of the severity of illness scores in all 3 diagnostic categories, with no differences between treatments. The ratings of the acute and chronic @entity716 @entity1 on the BPRS also showed significant reductions in scores with no differences between treatments. All 3 treatments caused a rapid remission of symptoms on the BRMAS. @entity1767 induced @entity2845 in significantly more @entity1 than @entity27662 after 24 h. Later there were no significant differences between treatments. @entity27662 fulfils many desires for an amended neuroleptic formulation for the initial treatment of acutely disturbed @entity716 @entity1 .

title: A controlled Nordic multicentre study of @entity27662 in oil solution, @entity1767 and @entity14753 in the treatment of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14753 :: ('MESH:D003006', 'Chemical') :: ['zuclopenthixol']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity27662 :: ('MESH:C060342', 'Chemical') :: ['zuclopenthixol acetate', 'Zuclopenthixol acetate']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['Haloperidol', 'haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: An experimental model was devised to elucidate the role of spinal blockade in posttraumatic @entity1644 . Thirty-eight @entity95 , each weighing about 3 kg, were used in this study. The animals were divided into four groups: in Group 1, eight animals received @entity130 only; in Group 2, 12 animals received @entity130 following injection of 100 mg @entity4563 suspended in 1 cc normal saline solution into the subarachnoid space at the site of @entity130 ; in Group 3, nine animals received @entity130 following injection of 200 mg @entity4563 in 1 cc normal saline solution into the subarachnoid space at the site of @entity130 ; and in Group 4, nine animals without @entity130 received an injection of 200 mg @entity4563 in 1 cc normal saline solution into the subarachnoid space. The subjective criteria for @entity8233 were the presence of a definite round cyst having a smooth margin and an upper or lower extension of more than 2 cm from the injured site. @entity8233 was seen in 12.5% (one of eight @entity95 ) in Group 1, 41.7% (five of 12 animals) in Group 2, 55.5% (five of nine @entity95 ) in Group 3 and 0% (none of nine animals) in Group 4 (p < 0.05). There was a tendency for the combined @entity130 / @entity4563 injection groups to be more prone to develop a syrinx. In the @entity4563 injection only group (Group 4), no animal showed a definite cyst or an extending cavity during the experimental period. The results suggest that @entity4563 enhances the extension of multiple small cavities that have already formed at the time of @entity130 . The difference between the frequency of @entity8233 and the time of survival was statistically significant well beyond the 0.05% level. The overall difference, relating to the frequency of syrinx development, group, and duration of survival, was also statistically significant. In summary, @entity510 secondary to @entity2443 is important in initiating the extension of the @entity1644 .

title: Experimental model of posttraumatic XXXX : the role of @entity2443 in @entity8233 .

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia cavity', 'syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid block']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'Japanese White rabbits']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial injury', 'traumatic injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['syrinx formation', 'Syrinx formation']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to characterize the clinicopathological features of @entity14 with flat-, @entity308 -, or protruded-type morphology (hereafter referred to simply as flat, @entity308 , or @entity75 ). METHODS: There are two major types of @entity14 : polypoid (protruded) and nonpolypoid (flat and @entity308 ). A total of 130 lesions from 130 @entity1 with @entity14 were classified into three groups according to their macromorphology seen during endoscopy: flat (laterally spreading) and @entity308 and @entity5 . The following factors in the @entity1 ' background were evaluated: indication for colonoscopy, age, and family history of @entity14 in first-degree relatives (i.e., parents, siblings, @entity1 ). We also compared the following characteristics of the @entity5 : size, location, depth of submucosal invasion, vascular invasion, and frequency of synchronous and @entity5 lesions. RESULTS: The incidence of abnormal findings on follow-up studies after polypectomy as an indication for colonoscopy was significantly higher among @entity1 with @entity75 (4/24, 16.7%) and @entity308 (3/22, 13.6%) than among those with @entity75 (1/84, 1.2%) (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). @entity1 with @entity75 (65.8 +/- 7.6 years old) were significantly older than those with @entity75 (P < 0.05). The @entity1 with @entity5 had a significantly higher rate of a family history of @entity14 (6/24, 25.0%) than @entity1 with protruded or @entity308 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The @entity75 were significantly larger than the @entity308 (size 13.3 +/- 6.7 mm) (P < 0.05), and the @entity75 (24.1 +/- 10.1 mm) were significantly larger than either the protruded or @entity308 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Seventy-five percent (18/24) of the @entity75 were located in the right colon, and this proportion was significantly higher than that among the protruded or @entity308 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). The mean +/- SD depth of submucosal invasion was 1218 +/- 1034 microm in the @entity75 , 2392 +/- 1869 microm in the @entity308 , and 2761 +/- 1929 microm in the @entity75 , representing a significant difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001). Of the 24 @entity1 with @entity75 , 9 (37.5%) showed vascular invasion; this proportion was significantly lower than that among @entity1 with the @entity308 or @entity75 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). @entity1 with @entity308 tended to have higher incidence of synchronous and metachronous malignant @entity1127 than those with @entity75 . CONCLUSION: It is important to examine the morphology of @entity14 when diagnosing them and planning the treatment strategy, including follow-up, after resection of @entity5 . It is useful to know the @entity1 's family history so @entity5 can be accurately diagnosed.

title: Clinicopathological features of nonpolypoid @entity14 as viewed from the XXXX ' background.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed nonpolypoid tumors', 'depressed', 'depressed lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['protruded lesions', 'protruded or flat lesions', 'flat lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous tumor', 'nonpolypoid tumors', 'flat tumors', 'protruded polypoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal submucosal invasive cancer', 'colorectal tumor', 'colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity57111 ( @entity57112 ) is a potent @entity35 nasal carcinogen whereas @entity40116 (NPYR), a hepatic carcinogen, is weakly carcinogenic in the nose. @entity57112 and NPYR may be causative agents in @entity1 @entity5 . P450-catalyzed alpha-hydroxylation is the key activation pathway by which these @entity15028 elicit their carcinogenic effects. We hypothesize that the differences in @entity57112 and NPYR metabolic activation in the nasal cavity contribute to their differing carcinogenic activities. In this study, the kinetics of @entity4463 -labeled @entity57112 or NPYR alpha-hydroxylation mediated by @entity35 nasal olfactory or respiratory microsomes were investigated. To compare alpha-hydroxylation rates of the two @entity15028 , tritiated 2-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran and 2-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran, the major @entity57112 alpha-hydroxylation products, and tritiated 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, the major NPYR alpha-hydroxylation product, were quantitated by HPLC with UV absorbance and radioflow detection. These microsomes catalyzed the alpha-hydroxylation of @entity57112 more efficiently than that of NPYR. K(M) values for @entity57112 were lower as compared to those for NPYR (13.9-34.7 vs 484-7660 muM). Furthermore, catalytic efficiencies (V(max)/K(M)) of @entity57112 were 20-37-fold higher than those of NPYR. Previous studies showed that P450 2A3, present in the @entity35 nose, also exhibited this difference in catalytic efficiency. For both types of nasal microsomes, @entity1524 (100 muM), a P450 2A inhibitor, inhibited @entity57112 and NPYR alpha-hydroxylation from 63.8 to 98.5%. Furthermore, antibodies toward P450 2A6 inhibited @entity22463 alpha-hydroxylation in these microsomes from 68.8 to 78.4% whereas antibodies toward P450 2E1 did not inhibit these reactions. Further immunoinhibition studies suggest some role for P450 2G1 in @entity57112 metabolism by olfactory microsomes. In conclusion, olfactory and respiratory microsomes from @entity35 nasal mucosa preferentially activate @entity57112 over NPYR with P450 2A3 likely playing a key role. These results are consistent with local metabolic activation of @entity15028 as a contributing factor in their tissue-specific carcinogenicity.

title: Preferential metabolic activation of XXXX as compared to its structural homologue @entity40116 by @entity35 nasal mucosal microsomes.

entities_list: @entity15028 :: ('MESH:D009602', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosamines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity4463 :: ('CHEBI:29304', 'Chemical') :: ['tritium']

entities_list: @entity57111 :: ('MESH:C002743', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Nitrosopiperidine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rat']

entities_list: @entity22463 :: ('CHEBI:35803', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity40116 :: ('MESH:D009242', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosopyrrolidine']

answer: @entity57111 :: (MESH:C002743,Chemical) :: ['N-nitrosopiperidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the feasibility of @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) in a porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female @entity1707 (n = 3) were placed in a dorsal lithotomy position under general anesthesia, and stone material was inserted into the renal pelvis of the @entity1707 . The bladder was entered with a cystoscope, and a 0.038-inch hydrophilic guidewire was passed into the renal pelvis. Following successful placement of the guidewire, a ureteral access sheath (9.5/11.5 Fr) was placed to allow for optimal visualization. A 7.5-Fr flexible ureteroscope (Karl Storz Flex-X2) and a 200- m laser fiber were used for lithotripsy. When basketing was deemed necessary, zero-tipped @entity5648 stone baskets were used. Trainees then practiced all these manipulations on the model. RESULTS: Urologists with moderate experience in advanced endourologic surgery were trained using this model. However, there were some surgical difficulties due to the urinary system anatomy of the @entity1707 . Intravaginal location of the urethra, bladder neck location of the ureters, tight ureteric orifices, tortuous ureters, @entity8 , narrow infundibulopelvic angle and shallow calices made the passage of the instruments and maneuverability of the flexible ureteroscope more difficult than in a @entity1 model. CONCLUSIONS: Despite some difficulties, our porcine model was very effective, because all the trainees successfully practiced the @entity10747 manipulations on this model.

title: In vivo porcine model for practicing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinally elongated renal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['RIRS', 'retrograde intrarenal surgery']

answer: @entity10747 :: (MESH:D012183,Disease) :: ['retrograde intrarenal surgery']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity740 is frequent in @entity1 after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and has impact on survival. @entity1 receiving calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are at increased risk to develop @entity8 . Early CNI reduction and concomitant use of mycophenolat mofetil ( @entity2098 ) has been shown to improve renal function. METHODS: The aim of this trial was to compare dose-reduced CNI/ @entity2098 versus CNI-free @entity2098 / @entity229 -based treatment in stable @entity1 after OLT with respect to glomerular filtration rate (GFR). 21 @entity1 (GFR 44.9 ' 9.9 mL/min/1.73m2 measured by 99m-Tc- @entity12306 -clearance, serum @entity1011 (SCr) 1.5 ' 0.42 mg/dL) were randomized either to exchange CNI for 10 mg @entity229 (group 1; n = 8) or to receive CNI at 25% of the initial dose (group 2; n = 13) each in combination with 1000 mg @entity2098 b.i.d. RESULTS: At month 12 mean SCr (-0.3 ' 0.4 mg/dL, p = 0.031) and GFR improved (8.6 ' 13.1 mL/min/ 1.73m superset2, p = 0.015) in group 2 but remained unchanged in group 1. Main side effects were @entity1109 (14.3%) and @entity281 (4.8%). Two biopsy proven, @entity134 -responsive rejections occurred. In group 1 mean diastolic blood pressure (BP) increased by 11 ' 22 mmHg (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced dose CNI in combination with @entity2098 but not CNI-free-immunosuppression leads to improvement of GFR in @entity1 with moderately elevated SCr levels after OLT. Addition of @entity230 resulted in increased diastolic blood pressure presumably counterbalancing the benefits of CNI withdrawal on renal function.

title: @entity8 after liver transplantation - a pilot trial of calcineurin inhibitor-free vs. calcineurin inhibitor sparing immunosuppression in @entity1 with mildly XXXX after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['gastroinstestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['impaired renal function']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate nonocclusive @entity1317 resulting from transradial access. BACKGROUND: The benefits of transradial access for coronary intervention have been well documented, but resulting intima-media @entity1373 could be a limitation. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 undergoing transradial coronary intervention (Group A: 15 de novo procedures, Group B: 15 previous transradial procedures) underwent radial artery intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) before catheter insertion. @entity5642 were evaluated in the 100 mm segment proximal to the access site using automatic pullback in the serial mode. A study segment was then selected for continuous cross-sectional recording to evaluate the effects of a spasmolytic cocktail on radial artery IVUS dimensions which were measured at baseline and at one-minute intervals after administration of 0.8 mg sublingual @entity1242 (NTG) and 3 mg intra-arterial @entity1855 (V). Differences in the two groups were evaluated. RESULTS: Intimal @entity1373 and/or intima-media thickening was present in all @entity1 in Group B. The baseline radial artery IVUS area was significantly smaller in Group B, despite the preponderance of males in this group (6.7 +/- 0.8 mm2 Group A versus 5.0 +/- 0.7 mm2 Group B; p < 0.01). Area increased significantly after NTG and V, but Group B area remained smaller than that of Group A. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with previous transradial access, evidence of @entity130 can be demonstrated in the segment corresponding to the sheath location. Intimal @entity1373 was present and IVUS dimensions were significantly smaller, but the vasodilatory response to spasmolytic drugs was maintained.

title: Nonocclusive XXXX resulting from transradial coronary interventions: radial artery IVUS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['radial artery injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['nonocclusive injury']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['radial artery injury']


abstract: This study investigated the influence of a @entity1 's @entity4131 risk, parental levels of @entity71 symptoms, and the interactive influence of these factors on the development of @entity146 . Additionally, the study investigated the role of home chaos as a mediator between parental @entity71 symptoms and @entity1 @entity146 . The sample consisted of 84 4.5-year-old @entity1 and their parents. @entity1 were genotyped for the @entity4131 polymorphism. @entity71 symptoms were self-reported by parents when the @entity1 was 2 to 6  months old. Parental reports of home chaos and the @entity1 's @entity146 were collected 4  years later. @entity1 's @entity4131 risk and parental @entity71 symptoms significantly contributed to the prediction of @entity146 . However, contrary to our hypotheses, no interactions were found between the @entity1 's @entity4131 risk and the levels of parental @entity71 symptoms. Home chaos played a mediating role in the relation between paternal @entity71 symptoms and the @entity1 's @entity146 . The relation between maternal @entity71 symptoms and the @entity1 's @entity146 was not significantly mediated through the level of home chaos. The current study emphasizes the importance of longitudinally investigating the contribution of parental @entity71 symptoms to @entity1 @entity146 , while also exploring the differential contribution of maternal/paternal inattention and @entity2915 -impulsivity symptoms. Moreover, home chaos was found to be a significant environmental mechanism through which paternal @entity71 symptoms affect @entity1 's @entity146 in the preschool years.

title: Prediction of XXXX from @entity4131 risk, parental @entity71 symptoms, and home chaos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'preschool aggression']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['preschool aggression']


abstract: The article summarizes current information on blood pressure changes in @entity1 during clinic visit. White coat as a general dressing of physicians and health care personnel has been widely accepted at the end of the 19th century. Two problems can be associated with the use of white coat: white coat phenomenon and @entity19430 . @entity1 often attribute @entity158 and other unpleasant experience to the white coat and refuse afterwards cooperation with examinations. Definition of @entity19430 in the literature is not uniform. It has been defined as elevated blood pressure in the hospital or clinic with normal blood pressure at home measured during the day by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring system. White coat effect is defined as temporary increase in blood pressure before and during visit in the clinic, regardless what the average daily ambulatory blood pressure values are. Clinical importance of @entity19430 is mainly because of higher risk for @entity65 that are dependent on end organ damage (heart, vessels, kidney). Current data do not allow any clear recommendations for the treatment. Pharmacological therapy is usually started in the presence of @entity1184 left ventricle, changes in intimal/medial wall thickness of @entity432 , microalbuminuria and other cardiovascular risk factors. Nonpharmacological therapy is less controversial and certainly more appropriate. @entity1 have to change their life style, need to eliminate as much cardiovascular risk factors as possible and sustain a regular blood pressure monitoring.

title: XXXX in pediatrics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity19430 :: ('MESH:D059466', 'Disease') :: ['white coat hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotic arteries']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular accidents']

answer: @entity19430 :: (MESH:D059466,Disease) :: ['White coat hypertension']


abstract: The authors speculate that the @entity1 primate evolved @entity716 generating brain mechanisms in the service of certain feeding behaviors (i.e., appetite, foraging) during the course of evolution. Furthermore, these " @entity716 generating brain mechanisms" may have grown directly out of brain mechanisms servicing appetite, of which @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) played an important role. A case is made for an @entity7766 contribution to the pathophysiology of @entity716 . We hypothesize that the psychomimetic effects of @entity7766 extend to supporting certain "psychomotor" functions that might have been useful for obtaining food resources in "stressful environments" (potentially food resource rich/predator-competitor dangerous). The "psychomotor" functions proposed include helping the evolving ancestral @entity1 primate overcome behavioral inhibitions and fears related to venturing into "stressful environments" (potentially food resource rich/predator-competitor dangerous) after their home ranges had been stripped of resources, by providing feelings of decreased @entity148 (anxiolysis), infatigability, and, perhaps, even grandiose delusions of physical ability and supernatural supports. We further speculate that it is this @entity7766 mechanism that in part becomes dysregulated in idiopathic @entity914 such as @entity161 . The @entity7766 connection with @entity716 could theoretically account for the possible associations between weight changes and antipsychotic response (e.g. [Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 100 (1999) 3] reported by others and body mass index and @entity2072 -induced @entity716 by our group (i.e. [Israel J. Psychiatr. (2004), in submission]).

title: The "Yoking" of glutamatergic brain mechanisms involved in controlling brain neuronal excitability and @entity716 to brain mechanisms involved in appetite regulation: a new hypothesis on the origin of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Models of immunity to @entity311 indicate the importance of @entity405 + T cell responses for targeting intrahepatic stages and antibodies for targeting sporozoite and blood stages. We designed a multistage adenovirus 5 (Ad5)-vectored @entity3964 @entity311 vaccine, aiming to induce both types of responses in @entity1 , that was tested for safety and immunogenicity in a Phase 1 dose escalation trial in Ad5-seronegative volunteers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA vaccine combines two adenovectors encoding circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1). Group 1 (n=6) healthy volunteers received one intramuscular injection of 2 10   10 particle units (1 10   10 each construct) and Group 2 (n=6) a five-fold higher dose. Transient, mild to moderate adverse events were more pronounced with the higher dose. ELISpot responses to CSP and AMA1 peaked at 1 month, were higher in the low dose (geomean CSP=422, AMA1=862 spot forming cells/million) than in the high dose (CSP=154, p=0.049, AMA1=423, p=0.045) group and were still positive at 12 months in a number of volunteers. ELISpot depletion assays identified dependence on CD4+ or on both CD4+ and @entity405 + T cells, with few responses dependent only on @entity405 + T cells. Intracellular cytokine staining detected stronger @entity405 + than CD4+ T cell @entity379 responses (CSP p=0.0001, AMA1 p=0.003), but similar frequencies of multifunctional CD4+ and @entity405 + T cells secreting two or more of @entity379 , TNF-a or IL-2. Median fluorescence intensities were 7-10 fold higher in triple than single secreting cells. Antibody responses were low but trended higher in the high dose group and did not inhibit growth of cultured @entity3964 blood stage parasites. SIGNIFICANCE: As found in other trials, adenovectored vaccines appeared safe and well-tolerated at doses up to 1 10   11 particle units. This is the first demonstration in @entity1 of a @entity311 vaccine eliciting strong @entity405 + T cell @entity379 responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govNCT00392015.

title: Adenovirus 5-vectored XXXX vaccine expressing CSP and AMA1. Part A: safety and immunogenicity in seronegative adults.

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['P. falciparum']


abstract: Several drugs have been shown to cross the placental barrier and affect the fetal testis causing a reduction in @entity251 with a resultant impairment of sexual differentiation and an ultimate problem in adult sexual function. In this study, pregnant female @entity35 were treated with 25 mg/kg of the pesticide @entity53303 ( @entity53303 ). Treatment began on Days 14.5, 16.5, or 18.5 and continued through Day 19.5 of gestation. Some animals were killed on Day 20.5 of intrauterine life and fetal intratesticular @entity251 was measured. All other animals were allowed to deliver, and the males were raised to adulthood. At adulthood, body, testis, prostate glands and seminal vesicle weights were recorded. Intratesticular @entity251 and luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors were measured. Male and female sexual behavior was quantified and the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus was calculated. The histological appearance of the testis was also examined. Treatment for 6 days during fetal life with @entity53303 decreased intratesticular @entity251 by 50% compared to controls at 20.5 days of gestation. At adulthood, all male @entity35 treated during fetal life had a reduced body weight that was correlated with the duration of exposure. Adult testis weight was reduced to 75% of controls as a result of 2 days of fetal exposure to @entity53303 , whereas 4 and 6 days of exposure during fetal life reduced testis weight by greater than 90%. LH receptors and intratesticular @entity251 , in the adults treated during fetal life, were also dramatically reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of fetal exposure to XXXX on adult male reproductive function.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53303 :: ('MESH:C007318', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane', 'DBCP']

answer: @entity53303 :: (MESH:C007318,Chemical) :: ['1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane']


abstract: 52 @entity1 with "hindbrain related" @entity1644 underwent surgical treatment. All @entity1 underwent primary reconstructive surgery at the craniovertebral junction. Terminal ventriculostomy was performed as the secondary operation in 2 cases. The surgical treatment arrested progression of signs in 33 (63.5%), stabilized disease in 9 (17%) cases. @entity86 occurred in 8 (15%) cases. Mortality was 4% (2 @entity1 ). Percutaneous or intra-operative injection of myodil and gas into the syrinx, as well as CT, revealed the existence of communication with the 4th ventricle in 14 @entity1 . Investigation of cerebrospinal and syrinx fluid revealed increased level of IgG, IgM or IgA in the syrinx fluid in 16 out of 22 @entity1 . Immunohistological examination of pia mater revealed specific staining for IgG. Thus, syrinx formation may be due to synergic action of hydrodynamic and immunopathological mechanisms. Results indicate that early surgical treatment is preferable to @entity1 with @entity154 and hydromyelia. We consider primary reconstructive operation at the posterior fossa as the preferred surgical management of "hindbrain related" @entity1644 .

title: Surgical treatment of "hindbrain related" XXXX : new data for pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hindbrain anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative deterioration']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity751 is characterized by @entity5714 in conjunction with secondary @entity407 in @entity1 suffering from @entity167 -related toxic @entity409 . So far no retinal changes have been reported due to the @entity751 . CASE REPORT: A 44-year-old @entity6 attended a routine control by an ophthalmologist. It was known that he had @entity1560 due to an abuse of @entity1068 for years and 1 month previously he had suffered from @entity390 and @entity391 . The visual acuity was found to be good on both sides (1.0/0.8). In the fundus white-colored retinal vessels and peripapillary @entity2708 wool exsudates with @entity548 were found. An extremely lipemic serum and a severe @entity417 were present. The @entity1 was referred to the internal department for further investigation and because of the @entity417 the @entity1 received two blood transfusions. The elevated @entity165 and @entity412 levels in the serum could be substantially reduced by treatment with a @entity28247 synthetase inhibitor and a fibrate. The follow-up examination 3 weeks later revealed a regular blood flow and a regression of @entity2708 wool exsudates and 1 month later no pathological retinal findings were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The retinal changes were caused by the combination of severe @entity417 and @entity407 and these findings played a leading role for deciding further diagnostic procedures. After treatment of the @entity209 the retinal changes were completely reversible without functional restrictions.

title: [A case report of unusual retinal findings in a XXXX with @entity751 ].

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity28247 :: ('CHEBI:16113', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Zieve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A new in vitro immunophysical method of removing @entity1778 or @entity706 cells from autologous bone marrow is described. This new technique makes use of low-density @entity7502 beads (density: 0.91) coated with a monoclonal antibody anti- @entity2282 (antibody @entity2928 ). To ascertain its ability to selectively remove @entity1 B/pre-B hematopoietic cells, this technique was applied to normal @entity1 bone marrow cell suspensions contaminated with 1-5% of @entity5 cells. Samples were incubated with the floating beads at 4 degrees C on a rotating wheel for 60 min, followed by a 10-min decantation period, after which the beads bearing the @entity5 cells floated on the surface, whereas unbound normal marrow cells remained in suspension and were easily recovered free of beads. To demonstrate the feasibility of our method, 2 types of assays were carried out, one using target cell radiolabeled with 111indium, and the other a clonogenic assay. The first assays were to calibrate the different parameters (cellular density, quantity of beads, incubation time) with @entity5 cell lines: Namalwa ( @entity2282 +) and Molt 4 ( @entity2282 -). These 2 cells lines being able to clone, it is hard to envisage clonogenic assays. In this case, it is very hazardous to evaluate correctly the remaining clonogenic units of Namalwa cells. It is why radiolabelling assays were used for these first experiments. The second assays were to study a model close to the clinical setting and to control the safety of the beads on normal bone marrow cells. In this case, the mixture experiments in which only Namalwa cells were able to clone were evaluated with clonogenic assays, which are more sensitive than radiolabeling assays. A 3- to 4-log reduction of @entity5 load was achieved with 1-step treatment, and an average of 5-log depletion was obtained by repeating the process twice, as ascertained by the clonogenic assay. Viability, average recovery of nucleated cells, and stem cells potential following the purge were excellent.

title: Elimination of @entity1778 cells from XXXX bone marrow using floating beads.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Airway epithelial cells (AEC) exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype in @entity1 with @entity56 . We examined the effect of an allergic cytokine environment on the response of AEC to rhinovirus, the most common trigger of acute exacerbations of @entity565 . @entity1 cells, a well-differentiated @entity1 AEC line, were cultured with or without the T-helper type 2 cytokines @entity3646 and @entity4047 , then stimulated with a toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist (poly I:C, dsRNA) or a @entity6438 agonist (imiquimod), or infected with rhinovirus 16. Expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-viral mediators, and of viral pattern-recognition molecules, was assessed using nCounter assays, quantitative real-time PCR, and protein immunoassays. Both dsRNA and imiquimod stimulated expression of mRNA for @entity650 and @entity687 , while expression of several chemokines and anti-viral response genes was induced only by dsRNA. Conversely, expression of other cytokines and growth factors was induced only by imiquimod. @entity281 not only stimulated expression of the inflammation-related genes induced by dsRNA, but also the complement pathway gene CFB and the novel pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity9650 In the Th2 cytokine environment, several mediators exhibited significantly enhanced expression, while expression of interferons was either unchanged or enhanced. The allergic environment also increased expression of pattern recognition receptors and of @entity2071 , the cell surface receptor for rhinovirus. We conclude that Th2 cytokines promote increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators by AEC following infection with rhinovirus. Increased viral entry or enhanced signaling via pattern recognition receptors could also contribute to the exaggerated inflammatory response to @entity56 .

title: Allergic environment enhances airway epithelial pro-inflammatory responses to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Calu-3']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Rhinovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['rhinovirus observed in allergic asthmatics', 'allergic asthma']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['rhinovirus infection']


abstract: AIM: @entity409 is considered a premature indication of @entity731 and vessel damage and is present in the postmenopausal period. This study compares the influence of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on factors that affect endothelial function in ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 . MAIN METHODS: The @entity35 were divided into: SHAM; OVX; OVX+estrogen (0.5 g/kg/day); OVX+raloxifene (2mg/kg/day) and OVX+tamoxifen (1mg/kg/day) groups. The acetylcholine vasorelaxation response was evaluated in the mesenteric vascular bed. The vascular oxidative stress and serum inflammatory cytokine levels were monitored, and analyses of eNOS and @entity1506 were performed. KEY FINDINGS: The acetylcholine-induced responses obtained in the OVX were lower than those obtained in the SHAM, and all treatments restored this response. l-NAME reduced and equalized the acetylcholine-induced response in all groups. The attenuation of the acetylcholine-induced responses by aminoguanidine was greater in the OVX. @entity409 in OVX was associated with oxidative stress and an increase in @entity1506 and decrease in eNOS expression. Except for the production of @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in the OVX+tamoxifen, treatments improved the nitric oxide component of the relaxation response and normalized both the oxidative stress and the expression of those signaling pathway enzymes. Serum levels of @entity1505 and @entity568 were increased in OVX, and treatments normalized these levels. SIGNIFICANCE: Raloxifene and tamoxifen have similar anti-inflammatory effects that may be important in improving @entity455 . Tamoxifen did not affect the @entity66 but improved @entity409 . The protective effect on endothelial function by these treatments provides evidence of their potential cardiovascular benefits in the postmenopausal period.

title: Comparative effects of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on XXXX , inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in ovariectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['reactive oxidative species', 'ROS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: The role of @entity517 in prostatic carcinogenesis is poorly understood. The pathogenetic relationship between high-grade @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ), @entity263 , and @entity3 is not well-defined. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a region-specific probe for @entity517 (band 8q24) and chromosome enumeration probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 10, 12, and Y to evaluate genetic changes in matched @entity5436 (48 foci), localized @entity263 (71 foci), and lymph node @entity3 (23 foci) in 25 totally embedded whole-mount stage D1 (T2-3 N1-3 M0) radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. The @entity517 protein expression in these lesions was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Foci with extra copies of @entity517 could be divided into three groups: (a) those with simple gain of a whole chromosome 8 (no increase in @entity517 copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere), which was identified in 42, 25, and 46% of foci of @entity5436 , @entity189 , and @entity3 , respectively; (b) those with an intermediate increase in @entity517 copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere, which was found in 8, 11, and 25% of foci of @entity5436 , @entity189 , and @entity3 , respectively; and (c) those with substantial amplification of @entity517 (large increases in @entity517 copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere), which was detected in 0, 8, and 21% of foci of @entity5436 , @entity189 , and @entity3 , respectively. Substantial amplification of @entity517 was strongly correlated with increasing @entity5 nuclear grade and immunohistochemical evidence of @entity517 protein overexpression. Numeric @entity2008 were found in 67, 68, and 96% of foci of @entity5436 , @entity189 , and @entity3 , respectively. The most frequent @entity154 in @entity5436 and @entity189 was @entity1017 , and the presence of this @entity154 strongly correlated with Gleason score. @entity189 foci usually contained more FISH anomalies than paired @entity5436 foci, but three prostates contained one or more @entity5436 foci with @entity189 . Thirteen @entity5 foci exhibited intratumor genetic heterogeneity by FISH. One or more foci of the @entity5 usually shared FISH anomalies with the matched @entity3 . Our FISH results indicate that: (a) gain of chromosome 8 and amplification of @entity517 are potential markers of @entity263 progression; (b) @entity5436 is likely a precursor of @entity189 ; (c) intraglandular and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity is relatively common; and (d) usually a single focus of @entity5 gives rise to @entity3 .

title: Detection of XXXX oncogene amplification and @entity2008 in metastatic @entity263 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'more anomalies than carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['a gain of chromosome 8']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-myc']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of @entity4720 and to investigate genetic aspects of the degree of @entity5040 development ( @entity25739 ) in the Italian Boxer @entity235 population. A total of 849 Boxer @entity235 was radiographed on the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions of the spine and scored for @entity25739 . Grading of @entity25739 was performed for all 20 intervertebral sites comprised within the first thoracic site (site T1-T2) and the site between the seventh lumbar and the first sacral vertebra (site L7-S1). Scores for @entity25739 ranged from 0 (no @entity5040 development) to 3 (presence of a @entity5040 formed by @entity5040 on adjoining vertebrae). The first five thoracic sites exhibited no variation for @entity25739 and were not considered in the analysis. The prevalence of @entity4720 was 84%, and frequency of @entity235 showing at least one intervertebral site that scored 3 for @entity25739 was 50%. Scores for @entity25739 at different sites were analyzed as different traits. Nongenetic effects influencing @entity25739 scores were sex, age at screening, and the kennel. Posterior densities of heritability (h2) were estimated using a univariate Bayesian analysis. Eight sites exhibited a posterior probability greater than 0.8 for h2 > 10% and were considered in a multivariate restricted maximum likelihood analysis. Estimated h2 from multivariate analysis ranged from 25 to 48% (SE from 5 to 7%). Three sites exhibited h2 estimates greater than 40%. Genetic correlations for @entity25739 scored at different sites ranged from 0.07 to 0.96. All thoracic sites had estimated correlations larger than 0.85 with other thoracic sites. Genetic correlation between the first and the second lumbar site was 0.91. Correlations between thoracic sites and the first two lumbar sites ranged from 0.5 to 0.9. Sites L6-L7 and L7-S1 also exhibited weak relationships with all remaining sites. Breeding values of @entity235 for @entity25739 at the eight sites were predicted using estimated covariance matrices. A selection index for @entity25739 was computed from predicted breeding values and a set of relative weighting factors produced by a panel of veterinarians. The index was the most important effect influencing phenotypic differences between @entity235 for average @entity25739 score, number of affected sites, and number of sites with a @entity25739 score > 1 (P < 0.001). The degree of @entity5040 development is a trait showing exploitable additive genetic variance, and breeding programs for decreasing prevalence and severity of @entity4720 might focus on this trait.

title: Prevalence of spondylosis deformans and estimates of genetic parameters for the degree of XXXX development in Italian Boxer @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['bony spur', 'osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis deformans']

answer: @entity5040 :: (MESH:D054850,Disease) :: ['osteophytes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spread of multi-resistant @entity281 represents a continuously growing problem in @entity82 , particularly in @entity1 in contact with the healthcare environment. AIM: Our prospective study aimed to analyze epidemiology, prevalence and risk factors of multi-resistant @entity281 , as well as the rate of failure of empirical antibiotic therapy in cirrhotic @entity1 . METHODS: All consecutive cirrhotic @entity1 hospitalized between 2008 and 2013 with a @entity281 ( @entity281 ) were enrolled. Infections were classified as Community-Acquired (CA), Hospital-Acquired (HA) and @entity10090 ( @entity10090 ). Bacteria were classified as Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) if resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes, Extensively-Drug-Resistant (XDR) if only sensitive to one/two classes and Pandrug-Resistant (PDR) if resistant to all classes. RESULTS: One-hundred-twenty-four @entity281 (15% CA, 52% HA, 33% @entity10090 ) were observed in 111 @entity1 . @entity293 , @entity55 and @entity298 were the more frequent. Forty-seven percent of @entity281 were caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Fifty-one percent of the isolates were multi-resistant to antibiotic therapy (76% MDR, 21% XDR, 3% PDR): the use of antibiotic prophylaxis (OR = 8.4; 95%CI = 1.03-76; P = 0,05) and current/recent contact with the healthcare-system (OR = 3.7; 95%CI = 1.05-13; P = 0.04) were selected as independent predictors. The failure of the empirical antibiotic therapy was progressively more frequent according to the degree of resistance. The therapy was inappropriate in the majority of HA and @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Multi-resistant @entity281 are increasing in hospitalized cirrhotic @entity1 . A better knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics is important to improve the efficacy of empirical antibiotic therapy. The use of preventive measures aimed at reducing the spread of multi-resistant bacteria is also essential.

title: The Spread of Multi Drug Resistant Infections Is Leading to an Increase in the Empirical Antibiotic Treatment Failure in XXXX : A Prospective Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous bacterial peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity10090 :: ('MESH:D018886', 'Disease') :: ['Healthcare-Associated', 'HCA']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['microbiologically-documented infection', 'MDI', 'infections', 'HCA infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Cirrhosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The @entity5011 is an inflammatory process of the peripheral nervous system. It is potentially reversible. Nowadays it is the commonest cause of acute, generalized, flaccid @entity912 in the western world. Our objective was to present the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of @entity1 with the @entity5011 who required admission to an intensive care unit. We therefore report our experience over a period of four years with @entity1 with this syndrome who were admitted to the intensive care unit and given mechanical ventilation. We analyze the current incidence of this syndrome, the proportion of @entity1 requiring admission to the intensive care unit and connection to mechanical ventilators due to their @entity425 , and the mortality rates of the major case series published. We analyze the electrophysiological findings which indicate worse prognosis. Greater axonal involvement is seen in @entity1 with poorer recovery, whilst those who made a better recovery had a predominantly demyelinating pattern. We studied certain clinical features which implied more severe @entity221 and worse functional recovery such as the appearance of signs of @entity4148 , rate of progression until the maximum affectation occurred and advanced age. Finally, we discuss the role of current immunomodulation treatment and the evidence of its effectiveness. The @entity5011 @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit with the greatest index of long term sequelae are characterized by being older, with a higher proportion of @entity74 and have an electrophysiological pattern showing signs of greater @entity528 .

title: [ XXXX in an intensive care unit].

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system involvement']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurovegatative disorders']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain Barr   syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Insuflation abdominal cavity with @entity544 during laparoscopic surgery increases abdominal pressure, which may cause @entity3179 of the blood flow in inferior vena cava and common iliac veins. Moreover, reverse Trendelenburg position, in which laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed, decreases venous return. All of this factors makes episode of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), an asymptomatic state that could cause serious complications, more probable. AIM: The aim of the study was to asses influence of @entity516 during laparoscopic procedures on coagulation state and to asses relation between body mass index (BMI), age of @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic procedures and coagulation profile in the postoperative period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 35 @entity1 (F:M = 28:7, mean age 48.3    14.6, mean BMI 26    4.5 kg/m2), without @entity1211 risk factors, not undergoing anticoagulant therapy and without abnormal platelet count. Subjects underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Alteration in coagulation profile was assesed on the basis of aPTT, PT and TT results. Blood samples were taken twice: in the day of admission (samle A) and 5 hours after surgery (sample B). Statistical analysys was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman correlation. RESULTS: Mean aPTT, PT and TT value of the A sample was 34.54    6.32s, 1.11   0.14 INR; 16.35    1.93s respectively. Mean aPPT, PT and TT value of the B sample was 34.4    7.13s; 1.17    0.11 INR; 16.41    1.88s, respectively. Change of PT value pre- and postoperatively was statistical significant (p = 0.0009). There was statistical significant correlation between duration of the surgery and sample B PT and TT values (p = 0.0115 and 0.0218 respectively). No other correlation between BMI, age and sample B values was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Creation of @entity516 has no influence on shortening of clotting times. Because of early mobilisation, fast discharge and recovery that makes natural anticoaculant prevention available short after surgery, clinical risk of @entity11942 is not high.

title: [Coagulation profile in XXXX undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery].

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembilism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: We updated national risk trends in @entity263 with a focus on low risk @entity5 , reexamined trends in primary treatment for low risk @entity5 and substratified @entity1 at low risk based on pretreatment clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were abstracted from the CaPSURE registry. A total of 10,385 @entity1 were diagnosed between 1990 and 2006 with localized disease. Low risk was defined as @entity1486 10 ng/ml or less, Gleason score 6 or less and clinical T stage 2a or less. Temporal trends were assessed for @entity1 distribution among risk groups and in the low risk group for individual risk factors, Kattan nomogram prediction, @entity5 of the Prostate Risk Assessment score and primary treatment. The ability of the @entity5 of the Prostate Risk Assessment score to substratify low risk prostatectomy cases was evaluated with survival analysis. RESULTS: The proportion of low risk @entity5 in CaPSURE almost doubled from 27.5% in 1990 to 1994, to 46.4% in 2000 to 2001 but it has been relatively constant since then. A growing proportion of low risk @entity5 are cT1c and virtually all are Gleason score 6. @entity1486 and the percent of positive biopsies decreased throughout the study period, as did the mean @entity5 of the Prostate Risk Assessment score. The use of active surveillance increased from a nadir of 6.2% in 2000 to 2001, to 10.2% in 2004 to 2006. The use of prostatectomy also increased, whereas the use of @entity342 deprivation and radiation decreased. The likelihood of recurrence increased significantly with increasing @entity5 of the Prostate Risk Assessment scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 at low risk can be further substratified to identify those at very low risk based on clinical variables. The use of surveillance is increasing but overtreatment remains a concern in these @entity1 .

title: Contemporary trends in low risk XXXX : risk assessment and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen', 'Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The lymphorrhea is a problem that we fase in the early postoperative period in @entity1 undergoino lymph node dissection (LND) for treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). MATERIAL AND METHOD: In a retrospective study of 2-year period (January 2001-December 2003). We covered totaly 129 cases with invasive @entity5 . All @entity1 in the study have undergone surgical remove of the uterus and adnexes but in a different volume, an extended hysterectomy was performed in 125 @entity1 , in 3 @entity1 was carried out only supravaginal hysterectomy due to failure to remove the cervix, without direct life-threatening intraoperative complications, only in one case was performet LHT with adnexes because of severe co-morbidities of @entity1 . We don't have cases in which LND was carried out in whatever type it is--a diagnostic or therapeutic. All @entity1 undergone LND in a different volume 123 cases pelvic LND/PLND/ and/or paraaortic LND/PALND/, selective LND in 3 @entity1 , only @entity41314 in 2 cases and biopsy of pelvic lymph node--only one case. AIM AND GOALS: Our aim is to present the role of lymphorrhea in the observed cases according the type of LND applied to treat invesiv @entity5 . We set the following goals--To present the frequency of lymphorrhea in the early postoperative period in our @entity1 treated for invasive @entity5 , and the presence or absence of a link between the level of LND and the observed lymphorrhea. RESULTS: On the basis of the above data we can make the following conclusions: Lymphorrhea was recorded in 24 or 18.60% of the cases of our study. It is a complication that directly depends on the type of the performed LND. It is the second most common complication--24 @entity1 the undercoing PLND--11 (45.8%) and PLND+PALND--13 (54.2%).

title: [Lymphorhoea--complication after lymph node dissection in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using special lotions and repellent sprays on skin is one of the effective methods to prevent Arthropods biting which was verified in this study. METHODS: Essential oils of four plants (Satureja khuzestanica, Salvia sclarea, Lavendula officinalis and @entity20802 ) were separately extracted by Clevenger used hydro distillation method. Then separated solutions with 10%, 20% and 40% concentrations of essential oils of plants in 99.6 % @entity1068 were prepared. WHO guidelines for efficacy testing of mosquito repellents for @entity1 skin were used on different concentrations of essential oils of plants, traditional repellents (DEET, 50% and 33%) as positive control, and @entity1068 99.6% and naked hands as negative controls. RESULTS: In negative control groups, the number of bits were comparable (P= 0.42) and had decreasing time trends (naked hands P= 0.011, @entity1068 P< 0.001). In all time points, minimum bites were observed in traditional repellents and it was significantly less than the other groups (P< 0.001). The time trend in the number of bites in the other groups was positive and showed minimum number of bites in time zero in all groups. We also found that the concentration of repellents had association with the number of bites. The maximum and minimum numbers of bites were observed with 10% and 40% concentrations respectively in all groups. CONCLUSION: Essential oils of Salvia sclarea, Lavendula officinalis and @entity20802 have repellency effect, even with 10% concentration of essential oils.

title: Evaluation of Repellency Effect of Essential Oils of Satureja khuzestanica (Carvacrol), XXXX (Myrtle), Lavendula officinalis and Salvia sclarea using Standard WHO Repellency Tests.

entities_list: @entity20802 :: ('MESH:C535464', 'Disease') :: ['Myrtus communis']

answer: @entity20802 :: (MESH:C535464,Disease) :: ['Myrtus communis']


abstract: Upper @entity360 --UGB-, as a complication, is well studied at intensive care units (ICU), but is less known in non ICU settings. OBJECTIVES: To determine incidence and risk factors of this entity at clinical hospitalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study of @entity1 with @entity2275 diagnosed by endoscopy who presented with melena and hematemesis. Ten controls were taken for each case, matching sex, age and prophylaxis for @entity360 . Demographic data and other know risks factors were analyzed. RESULT: We found ten bleeding case among 35070 discharges (incidence: 2.8/10000 discharges). Mortality was not increased but the number of transfusion was higher in the bleeding group. We found an assocciation betwen UGB and systemic @entity32 --SIRS-(OR: 9.22 IC 95% 2.98-28.17) and @entity6 (OR: 7.8 IC 95% 2.3-26.8). The rest of the factors studied did not rich a statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: UGB during clinical hospitalization is a rare complication that requires an increased staying at hospital and a great number of transfusions. It may be probably associated in a positive way with @entity6 and SIRS.

title: [Risk factors associated to XXXX in non intensive care units].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'gastric hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer disease']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']