abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: For many years Swedish @entity1 have had the world's lowest rates of smoking and smoking-related mortality. Despite these facts, a thorough analysis of @entity286 use patterns in Sweden has not been performed. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and interaction of cigarette smoking and use of Swedish moist snuff (snus) in the population of northern Sweden. DESIGN: The study cohort of 2998 @entity1 and 3092 @entity1 aged 25-64 was derived from the northern Sweden MONICA study, consisting of population-based surveys in 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1999. Detailed information on @entity286 use was used to develop prevalence data, and the prevalence ratio was used to compare rates amongst various subgroups. RESULTS: Amongst @entity1 ever- @entity286 use was stable in all survey years at about 65%, but the prevalence of smoking declined from 23% in 1986 to 14% in 1999, whilst snus use increased from 22% to 30%. In @entity1 the prevalence of smoking was more stable in the first three surveys (approximately 27%) but was 22% in 1999, when snus use was 6%. In all years @entity1 showed higher prevalence of ex-smoking than @entity1 . A dominant factor was a history of snus (PR = 6.18, CI = 4.96-7.70), which was more prevalent at younger ages. CONCLUSIONS: The recent transition from smoking to snus use amongst @entity1 , and incipiently amongst @entity1 , in northern Sweden is remarkable and relevant to the global discussion on strategies to reduce smoking.

title: Impact of smokeless XXXX use on smoking in northern Sweden.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Since age is no longer considered an additional risk factor for cardiac surgery, the epidemiology of @entity340 in the elderly at present may be estimated from the surgical pathology evaluation of valve specimens which are resected at the time of valve replacement. In the time interval 1991-1993, 500 @entity1 underwent native cardiac valve replacement or repair at our University, with a total of 549 valves available for gross and histological examination. Single valve surgery was performed in 451 @entity1 (300 aortic, 148 mitral, 3 tricuspid), and double valve replacement in 49 (47 mitral-aortic, 1 aorto-tricuspid and 1 mitral-tricuspid). Two hundred and eighteen @entity1 (44%) were older than 65 years; the mean age was 70.4 +/- 4.3 years, and the male to female ratio was 0.9 to 1. Two-thirds of the interventions in the elderly group were aortic operations. However, regardless of the age group, 50 and 60% of the cases with respectively aortic and @entity339 were due to @entity627 . Age-related @entity179 were prominent; senile @entity730 with @entity472 mostly in the elderly, @entity4122 with @entity337 mostly in adults, and floppy valve with @entity339 in both age groups. @entity4503 , a @entity154 which is silent until adulthood, accounted for both @entity472 and stenoincompetence by @entity730 , and pure @entity337 by @entity884 or @entity4122 . Our findings suggest that although age-related @entity179 are increasing, @entity627 still remains the leading cause of @entity340 in our country even in the elderly. These data may have an impact on prevention strategies and health-care costs. However, it has to be pointed out that the high prevalence of @entity627 is a feature of this particular study but is different from the findings of other studies around the world.

title: Surgical pathology of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['Bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['anuloaortic ectasia']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease', 'mitral incompetence']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic calcification']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative valve diseases']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic incompetence']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease', 'valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valve disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is frequently driven by oncogenic @entity11518 ( @entity11518 ) mutations. We developed a @entity19 model of @entity11518 *-induced @entity1124 and, based on genetic results demonstrating that @entity11518 * tumorigenicity depends on Myc activity, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of an orally administered anti-Myc drug. METHODS: We tested the efficacy of Mycro3, a small-molecule inhibitor of Myc-Max dimerization, in the treatment of @entity19 @entity1124 (n = 9) and also of xenografts of @entity1 @entity788 cell lines ( @entity9719 / @entity915 @entity19 , n = 3-12). @entity5 responses to the drug were evaluated by PET/CT imaging, and histological, immunohistochemical, molecular and microarray analyses. The Student's t test was used for differences between groups. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Transgenic overexpression of @entity11518 * in the pancreas resulted in @entity788 in two-week old @entity19 , which developed invasive @entity1124 a week later and became moribund at one month. However, this aggressive form of pancreatic tumorigenesis was effectively prevented by genetic ablation of Myc specifically in the pancreas. We then treated moribund, @entity1124 -bearing @entity19 daily with the Mycro3 Myc-inhibitor. The @entity19 survived until killed at two months. PET/CT image analysis (n = 5) demonstrated marked shrinkage of @entity1124 , while immunohistochemical analyses showed an increase in @entity5 cell apoptosis and reduction in cell proliferation (treated/untreated proliferation index ratio: 0.29, P < .001, n = 3, each group). @entity5 growth was also drastically attenuated in Mycro3-treated @entity9719 / @entity915 @entity19 (n = 12) carrying orthotopic or heterotopic xenografts of @entity1 @entity788 cells (eg, mean @entity5 weight    SD of treated heterotopic xenografts vs vehicle-treated controls: 15.2  5.8mg vs 230.2  43.9mg, P < .001). CONCLUSION: These results provide strong justification for eventual clinical evaluation of anti-Myc drugs as potential chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of @entity1124 .

title: Therapeutic effects of an anti-myc drug on XXXX @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) is an @entity146 and highly metastatic form of primary @entity3478 affecting young @entity1 and adults. Previous studies have shown that hypomethylation of critical genes is driving @entity3 . Here, we examine whether hypermethylation treatment can block @entity421 growth and @entity358 . @entity1 @entity421 cells LM-7 and MG-63 were treated with the ubiquitous methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or its inactive analog @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ) as control. Treatment with SAM resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of @entity5 cell proliferation, invasion, cell migration, and cell cycle characteristics. Inoculation of cells treated with 150   mol/L SAM for 6  days into tibia or via intravenous route into Fox Chase @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 resulted in the development of significantly smaller skeletal lesions and a marked @entity358 as compared to control groups. Epigenome wide association studies (EWAS) showed differential methylation of several genes involved in @entity421 progression and prominent signaling pathways implicated in bone formation, wound healing, and @entity5 progression in SAM-treated @entity1 cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis confirmed that SAM treatment blocked the expression of several prometastatic genes and additional genes identified by EWAS analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis of normal @entity1 bone and tissue array from @entity421 @entity1 showed significantly high levels of expression of one of the identified gene platelet-derived growth factor alpha ( @entity6005 ). These studies provide a possible mechanism for the role of DNA demethylation in the development and @entity3 of @entity421 to provide a rationale for the use of hypermethylation therapy for @entity421 @entity1 and identify new targets for monitoring @entity421 development and progression.

title: S-adenosylmethionine blocks osteosarcoma cells proliferation and invasion in vitro and XXXX @entity3 in vivo: therapeutic and diagnostic clinical applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'Human', 'LM-7']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'S-adenosylhomocystine']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis', 'reduction in pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['severe combined immune deficient', 'SCID']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the current state of knowledge of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD). METHODS: A review of the literature and personal experience of the authors. RESULTS: IgG4-related disease is a recently recognized fibroinflammatory disorder that may affect 1 or more organs. It is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates with large numbers of IgG4 positive plasma cells, storiform @entity82 , obliterative @entity3527 , and eosinophil infiltration as well as peripheral @entity1712 , and in some cases, elevated serum levels of IgG4. These features are not always seen, and the diagnosis should be made by integrating clinical, imaging, and histopathological data, with reference to recently defined diagnostic criteria. IgG4-ROD forms a significant proportion of what has previously been labeled " @entity32 " or @entity12293 . @entity2694 may occur alone, at the same time as disease elsewhere, or metachronously with @entity262 . Although almost any ocular adnexal tissue may be affected, there are several commoner recognizable patterns of IgG4-ROD: (1) sclerosing @entity4578 ; 2) @entity2694 (most commonly the infraorbital nerve) associated with @entity39711 and @entity66 , often in combination with @entity5578 , @entity1712 , and systemic involvement; and 3) sclerosing orbital inflammation. Patients with IgG4-ROD should be investigated and monitored for other organ involvement. Some patients with IgG4-related disease may develop @entity706 , usually marginal zone @entity706 -associated lymphoid tissue type. Treatment of IgG4-ROD includes the use of @entity288 and other immunosuppressants. Rituximab has been shown to be very effective. Longer term studies on the natural course and treatment of IgG4-ROD are needed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting with orbital inflammatory lesions should have biopsies obtained whenever possible. The examining pathologist should routinely look for features of IgG4-ROD, and if found, the @entity1 should be investigated for other organ involvement. Early treatment may prevent destructive changes in affected tissues.

title: IgG4-Related XXXX . Part II: Clinical Aspects.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic orbital inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal gland disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma of mucosa']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of orbital nerves', 'Orbital disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity12293 :: ('MESH:D019310', 'Disease') :: ['reactive lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal sinus disease']

entities_list: @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['dacryoadenitis']

entities_list: @entity39711 :: ('MESH:D055622', 'Disease') :: ['orbital myositis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Ophthalmic Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 classification has dramatically changed in recent years following application of molecular techniques. Immunohistochemistry can help select @entity1 for different therapies. The objective of the present report is to determine the prognostic influence of the molecular classification of @entity0 with immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have retrospectively selected a cohort of 257 @entity1 with @entity513 NOS diagnosed and treated in the same hospital between 1997 and 2000. We have classified the cases in four @entity5 types according to the immunohistochemical expression of several markers, as @entity5 [ @entity172 and/or @entity1420 receptors (ER/PE) positive and @entity1722 negative]; luminal B @entity5 (ER/PR positive and @entity1722 positive); @entity1722 positive @entity5 (ER/PR negative with @entity1722 positive); and triple negative phenotype (all markers negative). RESULTS: In our series, 116 @entity1 had @entity5 of luminal A type (47.93%); 67 (27.68%) were luminal type B; 33 (13.63%) were @entity1722 positive; and 26 (10.74%) were triple negative. The recurrence rate was 19% for luminal type A @entity5 , 25.4% for luminal type B, 39.4% for @entity1722 positive and 30.8% for @entity75 . The mean relapse free survival was 79.07, 73.07, 64.3 and 83,5 months for luminal A and B, @entity1722 and @entity75 , respectively. Mortality rate reached 11.2% for @entity5 compared with 19.4, 33.3 and 26.9% for luminal B, @entity1722 and triple negative @entity5 , respectively. The mean overall survival for these groups was 88.42, 81.41, 77.62 and 93.6 months. CONCLUSION: Molecular classification with immunohistochemistry behaves as a significant prognosticator for @entity9962 in our series of @entity1 . The worse prognosis observed for @entity1722 expressing lesions may have changed after trastuzumab use.

title: Prognostic significance of molecular classification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['breast invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'Breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'luminal A tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['triple negative lesions']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity9962 :: (MESH:D018270,Disease) :: ['breast invasive ductal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) is a chronic condition that predominantly affects @entity1 . To date, there are few epidemiologic studies on @entity5815 in @entity1 . The objective of the study was to assess whether there are gender-related differences in @entity5815 , and to define a clinical phenotype in @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted including @entity5815 @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. Sociodemographic data, clinical variables, comorbid phenomena, @entity1295 , @entity158 , @entity148 / @entity308 , and health quality of life, were assessed in the @entity5815 population. A comparative study was also conducted between genders. RESULTS: The study included 1309 @entity5815 @entity1 , of which 119 (9.1%) were @entity1 . The mean age and symptoms onset were lower in @entity1 than @entity1 . The subjects included 30% single @entity1 vs. 15% single @entity1 , and 32% of @entity1 had specialist work vs. 20% of @entity1 . The most common triggering factor was an @entity281 . @entity158 , @entity2473 , @entity1296 , @entity250 , @entity2407 , morning stiffness, @entity4841 , drug and metals @entity566 , and facial @entity4 were less frequent in @entity1 . @entity239 was present in 29% of @entity1 vs. 58% in @entity1 . The scores on physical function, physical role, and overall physical health of the SF-36 were higher in @entity1 . The sensory and affective dimensions of @entity158 were lower in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The clinical phenotype of the @entity1 with @entity5815 was young, single, skilled worker, and @entity281 as the main triggering agent. @entity1 had less @entity158 and less muscle and immune symptoms, fewer comorbid phenomena, and a better quality of life.

title: Gender differences in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Widespread pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['migratory arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity263 is the most common @entity2675 , affecting one @entity1 in six. Prevention of this disease, even in a subset of @entity1 would have a significant impact on public health. The results of the National @entity5 Institute-sponsored @entity263 Prevention Trial demonstrate that @entity585 causes a substantial risk reduction across all known risk groups. We herein amplify on the results of this trial to assist @entity1 and physicians in reaching individualized decisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of the @entity263 Prevention Trial were reviewed. RESULTS: The PCPT demonstrated a 24.8% reduction in @entity263 risk with the administration of @entity585 . High-grade @entity5 were noted in 6.4% of @entity585 @entity1 compared to 5.1% of @entity1 receiving placebo. The increase in high-grade @entity5 was seen within one year of @entity585 exposure and did not increase over time. This observation, combined with previous evidence demonstrating an alteration in cytologic and architectural features of @entity263 with hormonal therapy suggests that the differences in high-grade disease may be an artifact and that application of Gleason grading to these @entity5 may not be appropriate. DISCUSSION: @entity1 should be presented the benefits and risks of taking @entity585 and be assisted in integrating their sexual and urinary symptoms into their decision-making process. Blanket statements for or against the use of this medication ignore @entity1 preferences and differential risk-benefit profiles from @entity585 .

title: Prevention of @entity263 with XXXX : US/European perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male cancer']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity585 :: (MESH:D018120,Chemical) :: ['finasteride']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes associated with surgical repair of @entity1700 . METHODS: From 1974 to 2012, 21 @entity1 with @entity1700 underwent corrective surgery. Outcomes included mortality, reoperation rate, hospital length of stay and long-term functional status. RESULTS: The mean age of surgery was 5.4 years (2.5 months to 16.7 years). Sixteen (76.2%) @entity1 were symptomatic at presentation. Fifteen (71.4%) @entity1 presented with the infantile form and 6 (28.6%) with the adult form of @entity1700 . Operative techniques included baffle repair in 15 (71.4%) @entity1 , reimplantation in 5 (23.8%) @entity1 and pneumonectomy in 1 (4.8%) @entity1 . Six (28.6%) @entity1 were operated in infancy at a mean of 4 months (2.5-9.6 months) of age. There was 1 (4.8%) hospital death and 3 (15%) late deaths. The risk factors for mortality included preoperative @entity120 (P = 0.006) and surgery during infancy (P = 0.003). The incidence of postoperative @entity849 was 23.8% (n = 5). Three (14.3%) @entity1 underwent reoperation for @entity849 . Neither baffle (P = 0.6) nor reimplantation (P = 0.55) surgical techniques influenced the rate of @entity850 . The follow-up was complete in 15 (88%) survivors at a mean of 13.7 years (1.3-38.5 years). All surviving @entity1 were asymptomatic and had a New York Heart Association functional status Class I. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality was highest in @entity1 who had preoperative @entity120 and those who were operated on before 1 year of age. Surgical technique did not influence the occurrence of @entity849 . Survivors were asymptomatic at the long-term follow-up.

title: Surgery for XXXX : the Melbourne experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['scimitar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['scimitar syndrome']


abstract: Kidneys from 7 mutant Southdown @entity742 with @entity3638 , aged from 1 to 5 years were examined. Renal biopsies were taken from another mutant at 3 months and 12 months of age. At 3 months, lesions consisted of thin radial bands of myxomatous tissue in the medullary rays and @entity194 of the adjacent collecting tubules. By 1 year collagen had replaced myxomatous tissue. Grossly, the kidneys were normal until 2 years when they became red and gray mottled and stained with @entity648 . The capsules stripped readily to reveal fine granular surfaces in @entity742 over 2 years of age. On the cut surface of the cortex were 0.5 mm wide radial gray streaks of fibrous tissue. Progressive @entity82 in @entity742 2 to 5 years old resulted in a thinning of the cortex. With increasing @entity82 , the number of cystic tubules increased progressively. Protein casts and hyaline @entity528 were numerous in @entity742 over 2 years of age. Plasma cells and lymphocytes were frequently seen in the @entity82 , and bile pigment was visible in the macrophages in the fibrous tissue and in the epithelium of the proximal tubule cells. @entity2011 , low specific gravity urine and reduced effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rates resulted from the replacement of specialized proximal tubule cells by low cuboidal cells, fibrous tissue separating the capillaries from the loops of Henle, destruction of glomeruli and segregation of glomeruli in @entity82 . The @entity8 may be determined by the same gene responsible for the @entity99 for @entity648 .

title: @entity8 in mutant Southdown XXXX with @entity3638 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'fibrous bands']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney lesions']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic excretion defect']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['droplet degeneration']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: @entity651 ( @entity651 ) is a frequent, sometimes life-threatening complication of radiation therapy for the treatment of @entity2 . The anti-inflammatory role of ulinastatin has been well documented, and the potential application of ulinastatin in management of @entity647 has been suggested in multiple animal studies. In this article, we described a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in @entity1 with @entity1149 . A total of 120 @entity1 were randomized into two groups: the trial group was treated with ulinastatin for 3  days prior to and for the first 7  days of radiation therapy and the control group was treated with placebo for 10  days following the same schedule. The results from follow-up studies showed that the incidence and grade of @entity651 were significantly lower in the trial group than in the control group. Reduction in pulmonary function from baseline was significantly smaller in the trial group than that in the control group. Production of serum @entity2533 , @entity310 and @entity650 decreased significantly in the trial group promptly following radiation therapy. However, no difference in survival or @entity5 response rate was found between the two groups. The results indicated that ulinastatin exerted a protective effect on radiation-induced @entity651 . Treatment with ulinastatin could be an effective management strategy and greatly improve the clinical efficacy of radiation therapy for @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: Protective effect of ulinastatin in XXXX with @entity1149 after radiation therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['RILI', 'Radiation-induced lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The use of pulsed dye laser energy for angioplasty offers the possibility of ablating @entity731 without thermal damage to the adjacent arterial wall. However, to be of value, systems that deliver the energy safely and effectively are required. We tested multifiber catheters in 504-nm pulsed dye laser angioplasty for treatment of peripheral @entity432 . Flexible multifiber catheters consist of 12 (7-French) and 19 (9-French) concentrically arranged 200-microns quartz fibers allowing guidewire-directed use. Laser-assisted angioplasty was performed in 2- to 13-cm- (mean, 7.5-cm) long occlusions of iliac (six) and femoropopliteal (23) arteries in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity432 . Angiograms were obtained before and after laser ablation, after subsequent @entity384 , and if signs or symptoms indicated @entity256 , during follow-up. The laser procedure was impossible to perform in three (10%) of 29 @entity1 ; this was related to unsuccessful passage of the wire in one @entity1 and to inability to advance the laser catheter across the lesion in two @entity1 . In one other @entity1 , reocclusion occurred 1 day after angioplasty. Stand-alone laser angioplasty relieved residual stenosis of less than 30% in six (26%) of 23 femoropopliteal arteries, making @entity384 dispensable. Immediate clinical improvement was achieved in 26 (90%) of 29 @entity1 . Laser treatment caused no perforation and no embolization, but minor dissections occurred in 36% of the @entity1 . Our experience suggests that pulsed dye laser angioplasty via multifiber catheters converts @entity432 into stenoses. With the exception of angioplasty in distal femoropopliteal arteries, additional @entity384 is necessary to complete recanalization.

title: Dye laser-assisted angioplasty with multifiber catheters: short-term results in the treatment of 29 peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions', 'occlusive vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortobifemoral bypass is the standard therapy for complex @entity432 . The purpose of this study was to examine the use of endovascular grafts as an alternative to aortobifemoral bypass in @entity1 with advanced @entity432 at high risk. METHODS: Endovascular grafts were placed in 23 limbs in 22 @entity1 with TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus document (TASC) type C and D lesions. All procedures were performed in the operating room, and images were obtained with portable digital fluoroscopy. Surgical exposure of the @entity2096 was performed to enable safe closure of 9F to 12F sheath sites and to facilitate ipsilateral interventions in the distal external iliac artery. Concomitant infrainguinal outflow procedures were performed in 6 @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty of 22 @entity1 were @entity1 ; mean @entity1 age was 63.2 +/- 3.2 years. Indications for intervention were @entity158 in 12 of 23 limbs and tissue loss in 9 of 22 limbs. Risk factors included hostile abdomen or pelvis in 8 @entity1 , @entity453 in 11 @entity1 , @entity454 in 3 @entity1 , and severe @entity1030 in 3 @entity1 . Each @entity1 received a mean of 1.6 grafts. Initial technical success was 95.2%, with one technical failure. There was no 30-day mortality. All @entity1 experienced at least one grade improvement per Society for Vascular Surgery reporting standards. Primary patency at 24 months was 84.2% +/- 8.0%, with a limb salvage rate of 95.3% +/- 5.0%. Mean (+/- SD) ankle brachial index improved from 0.49 +/- 0.22 to 0.87 +/- 0.26 (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Endovascular grafting to treat advanced @entity432 can be accomplished with good clinical outcome and acceptable short-term patency. This endovascular technique can be a viable alternative to conventional surgical revascularization in @entity1 with advanced @entity432 at high risk.

title: Emerging role of endovascular grafts in complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral common femoral artery']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['aortoiliac occlusive disease']


abstract: Importance: Positive margins are associated with poor prognosis among @entity1 with @entity957 (SCC). However, wide variation exists in the margin sampling technique. Objective: To determine the effect of the margin sampling technique on local recurrence (LR) in @entity1 with stage I or II @entity957 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 1986, to December 31, 2012, in 5 tertiary care centers following @entity5 resection and elective neck dissection in 280 @entity1 with pathologic (p)T1-2 pN0 @entity957 . Analysis was conducted from June 1, 2013, to January 20, 2015. Interventions: In group 1 (n   =   119), @entity5 bed margins were not sampled. In group 2 (n   =   61), margins were examined from the glossectomy specimen, found to be positive or suboptimal, and revised with additional @entity5 bed margins. In group 3 (n   =   100), margins were primarily sampled from the @entity5 bed without preceding examination of the glossectomy specimen. The margin status (both as a binary [positive vs negative] and continuous [distance to the margin in millimeters] variable) and other clinicopathologic parameters were compared across the 3 groups and correlated with LR. Main Outcomes and Measures: Local recurrence. Results: Age, sex, pT stage, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and adjuvant radiation treatment were similar across the 3 groups. The probability of LR-free survival at 3 years was 0.9 and 0.8 in groups 1 and 3, respectively (P   =   .03). The frequency of positive glossectomy margins was lowest in group 1 (9 of 117 [7.7%]) compared with groups 2 and 3 (28 of 61 [45.9%] and 23 of 95 [24.2%], respectively) (P   <   .001). Even after excluding cases with positive margins, the median distance to the closest margin was significantly narrower in group 3 (2 mm) compared with group 1 (3 mm) (P   =   .008). The status (positive vs negative) of margins obtained from the glossectomy specimen correlated with LR (P   =   .007), while the status of @entity5 bed margins did not. The status of the @entity5 bed margin was 24% sensitive (95% CI, 16%-34%) and 92% specific (95% CI, 85%-97%) for detecting a positive glossectomy margin. Conclusions and Relevance: The margin sampling technique affects local control in @entity1 with @entity957 . Reliance on margin sampling from the @entity5 bed is associated with worse local control, most likely owing to narrower margin clearance and greater incidence of positive margins. A resection specimen-based margin assessment is recommended.

title: Early Oral XXXX : Sampling of Margins From Tumor Bed and Worse Local Control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral tongue SCC', 'oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity189 is a distinct variant of differentiated @entity957 with low-grade @entity5 , slow growth and no metastatic potential. Although it has been reported at extraoral sites, the @entity5 is mostly found in the oral mucosa. Clinically warty @entity5 with a grey-white, deeply cleaved surface are detected. The special feature of this @entity5 type is that it appears macroscopically malignant but histologically benign. The diagnosis of @entity189 may be difficult, since it is often lumped with @entity1373 or @entity957 . In our study the clinical and histological characteristics of 32 cases of @entity1697 were investigated. The most common site was the mandibular buccal sulcus. The average age amount to 69 years. Adequate surgical excision is considered the treatment of choice. Because of the lack of metastatic spread a systematic treatment of the regional lymph nodes ist not mandatory. The prognosis of @entity189 is fairly good.

title: [ XXXX of the oral mucosa].

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Verrucous carcinoma', 'verrucous carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Verrucous carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity189 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), correlate with clinical approach of International @entity13374 ( @entity13374 ) staging system and to study the impact of MRI findings on @entity1 management. METHOD AND MATERIAL: Pathologically confirmed, 75 cases of @entity189 referred to our institute from April 2007 to March 2008 were prospectively studied. Clinical @entity13374 stage was assigned to each @entity1 by gynaecologists blinded to MRI findings. MRI stage (based on @entity13374 and @entity2802 ) was allotted by radiologists blinded to clinicopathological details. For @entity1 who were operated, histopathological stage was taken as gold standard. For @entity1 who were not operated, gynaecologists decided on a gold standard stage based on all available clinical and imaging data. MR staging was correlated with @entity13374 staging, with focus on significant alterations in treatment strategy caused due to MRI findings. RESULTS: MRI staging had an accuracy of 89.3% (67/75), while clinical @entity13374 staging had 61.3% (46/75) accuracy. MRI staging and @entity13374 staging concurred in 65.6% of the @entity1 and differed in 34.4% of the @entity1 . In about 30.6% (23/75) of the @entity1 , there were relevant additional MRI findings not suspected clinically. The common significant MRI findings were detection of pelvic @entity3329 and clinically unsuspected bowel/bladder invasion. The management protocol was significantly altered in 86.9% (20/23) of the @entity1 with additional MRI findings constituting 26.6% (20/75) of the total population. CONCLUSION: MRI is highly accurate in evaluating @entity189 . MRI findings significantly altered therapeutic decisions in 26.6% of the @entity1 . MRI should be considered prior to treatment planning in every @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of @entity189 using magnetic resonance imaging: correlation with clinical XXXX staging and impact on management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics', 'FIGO']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix', 'carcinoma cervix']

answer: @entity13374 :: (MESH:D005831,Disease) :: ['FIGO']


abstract: This study reviewed 17 @entity1 (24 great toes) treated by a single surgeon for @entity24070 with a dorsal-closing wedge osteotomy of the proximal phalanx in conjunction with a moderate cheilectomy. The average age of @entity1 was 47 years (range, 20-69 years). The minimum follow-up was 1 year (range, 1-16 years; median follow-up, 30 months), and all but five @entity1 were studied for 2 years or more. Ninety-six percent of @entity1 affirmed their decision to have surgery if they had to make the choice again. Subjectively, all @entity1 improved. Preoperatively, 67% of the cases had severe @entity158 by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society criteria. Postoperatively, 58% had no @entity158 and 42% had mild @entity158 . There was 100% union rate of the osteotomy. Seven of 10 @entity1 and 1 of 7 @entity1 still had some restrictions on footwear options postoperatively. Recovery time from the @entity1 ' perspective was 2 to 12 months (average, 5.6 months). Based on the results of this study, the authors suggest that the addition of a dorsal-closing wedge osteotomy of the proximal phalanx increases @entity1 satisfaction, compared with their review of @entity1 treated by cheilectomy alone. The procedure provides @entity158 relief and has few complications.

title: Proximal phalanx osteotomy for the surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity24070 :: ('MESH:D020859', 'Disease') :: ['hallux rigidus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['good pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity24070 :: (MESH:D020859,Disease) :: ['hallux rigidus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) develop @entity1118 that severely compromises their quality of life. We have previously reported that @entity1420 ( @entity22517 ), a neuroprotective @entity479 , could offer a promising therapeutic strategy for @entity9 . In the present study, we explored temporal changes in the expression of the neuropeptides galanin and @entity4149 ( @entity10969 ) and their receptors ( @entity49975 and @entity49974 ; Y1R and Y2R, respectively) in the injured spinal cord and evaluated the impact of @entity22517 administration on both neuropeptide systems and @entity146 . Male @entity35 were subjected to spinal cord hemisection at T13 level, received daily subcutaneous injections of @entity22517 or vehicle, and were evaluated for signs of mechanical and thermal @entity1931 . Real time PCR was used to determine relative mRNA levels of neuropeptides and receptors, both in the acute (1day) and chronic (28days) phases after injury. A significant increase in Y1R and Y2R expression, as well as a significant downregulation in @entity49974 mRNA levels, was observed 1day after @entity1566 . Interestingly, @entity22517 early treatment prevented Y1R upregulation and resulted in lower @entity10969 and @entity49975 mRNA levels. In the chronic phase, injured @entity35 showed well-established mechanical and cold @entity1931 and significant increases in galanin, @entity10969 , @entity49975 and Y1R mRNAs, while maintaining reduced @entity49974 expression. Animals receiving @entity22517 treatment showed basal expression levels of galanin, @entity10969 , @entity49975 and Y1R, and reduced Y2R mRNA levels. Also, and in line with previously published observations, @entity22517 -treated animals did not develop mechanical @entity1931 and showed reduced sensitivity to cold stimulation. Altogether, we show that @entity1566 leads to considerable changes in the spinal expression of galanin, @entity10969 and their associated receptors, and that early and sustained @entity22517 administration prevents them. Moreover, our data suggest the participation of @entity262 in the plastic changes associated with @entity1566 -induced @entity9 , and further supports the therapeutic potential of @entity22517 - or neuropeptide-based therapies to prevent and/or treat @entity1118 after central injuries.

title: Spinal neuropeptide expression and @entity146 in the acute and chronic phases after XXXX : Effects of @entity1420 administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic behavior']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['galaninergic and NPYergic systems']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is an important consideration in the management of postmenopausal @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Despite the fact that the advanced-stage disease is virtually incurable, HTs can offer @entity1 disease control equivalent to that of chemotherapy, but with improved quality of life (QOL). Knowledge of the @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor status, as well as other clinical factors, allows for selection of @entity1 who are most likely to benefit from @entity34 . Disease that becomes refractory to an initial @entity34 may respond to another agent or class of HTs. Thus, HTs are generally administered sequentially, delaying the need for cytotoxic chemotherapy, which often reduces QOL. Optimal sequencing is thus one of the more important facets of @entity34 . Prior to the release of a number of newer agents, @entity440 had been considered as initial @entity34 . At present, more agents exist, including the aromatase inhibitors, @entity7828 , and the @entity172 receptor antagonist fulvestrant. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews key trials evaluating the use of sequential HTs. METHODS: Articles were identified for inclusion in this manuscript through the following searches, limited to English-language publications: MEDLINE (mid 1960s to January 2002), American Society of Oncology abstracts (1997-2001), and San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium abstracts (2001 and 2002). The following search terms were used: @entity0 , hormonal therapies, @entity440 , @entity23392 , @entity4672 , @entity13558 , @entity17082 , @entity6303 , @entity1299 , and @entity1299 . RESULTS: Results of Phase III studies have shown many of these agents to be equivalent or superior to @entity440 and can be used initially to treat @entity1 who either have failed @entity440 therapy or may be unable to tolerate some of the @entity137 associated with @entity440 . For example, the aromatase inhibitors have been shown to be highly active and tolerable in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 who have failed @entity440 therapy or who are naive to @entity34 . Other clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of fulvestrant in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who are @entity440 -resistant, and have shown fulvestrant to be at least as effective as @entity13558 in @entity440 -resistant @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the optimum sequence of HTs remains controversial, using the newer agents as initial or subsequent therapy should improve QOL and may improve overall survival.

title: Sequencing of hormonal therapy in postmenopausal @entity1 with metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['exemestane']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'Hormonal therapy']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Non-Shiga toxin-associated @entity1381 (non- @entity6373 - @entity11849 ) is a rare disease. The clinical outcome is often unfavorable: 50% of @entity1 progress to @entity454 . Several mutations in complement regulatory genes predispose to non- @entity6373 - @entity11849 . Transplantation outcomes are poor among @entity1 with either mutation in the genes encoding complement H or I factors, with 80% graft loss due to @entity11849 recurrence. In contrast, @entity1 with mutation in the gene encoding @entity806 have no disease relapse after transplantation. There are no treatment guidelines for non- @entity6373 - @entity11849 recurrence. Herein we have presented 8 @entity1 with non- @entity6373 - @entity11849 recurrence after transplantation during the last 10 years in the South of France. @entity11849 recurrence, which occurred early after transplantation in all but 1 @entity1 , was treated by plasma exchange (PE) with substitution by fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Three @entity1 still treated with long-term plasma therapy have no recurrence at 15, 19, or 24 months. An international registry would help to define new guidelines.

title: Recurrence of XXXX after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']


abstract: Apathy is one of the most prominent non-motor symptoms in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Its range of prevalence in @entity191 has been estimated in 20 to 45%. The objective of this work is to assess the prevalence of apathy in @entity191 @entity1 , and its relation with @entity308 and executive function impairment. Fifty seven @entity191 @entity1 (54% @entity1 ), mean age of 68.7 years, and a disease duration of 7.5 years from diagnosis were included. We used the following scales: UPDRS, Hoehn _ Yahr, Mini Mental State Examination, the 14-item Apathy Scale (AS), the Beck Depression Inventory, and @entity2205 Making Test versions A and B (TMT), and @entity191 Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL). Apathy was identified in 31.6%; apathy without @entity308 was present in 33.3% of @entity1 . The TMT A and B were abnormal in 66.7% and 83.3% respectively of the apathetic @entity1 vs. 46.2% and 61.5% in non-apathetic @entity1 . Quality of life was impaired in apathetic @entity1 . In our @entity191 sample apathy is highly prevalent, has a great impact on quality of life and it may occur in the absence of @entity308 . The alterations of TMT in apathetic @entity1 contributes to suggest a positive relationship between apathy and the impairment of executive function secondary to the @entity75 .

title: [Apathy in XXXX . Impairment in quality of life].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['involvement of frontal-subcortical circuits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", 'PD', 'Parkinson Disease']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of intra-tumoral fat detected by chemical-shift MR imaging in predicting the MVI of HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity18497 -enhanced MR imaging of 365 surgically proven HCCs from 365 @entity1 (306 @entity1 , 59 @entity1 ; mean age, 55.6 years) were evaluated. HCCs were classified into two groups, fat-containing and non-fat-containing, based on the presence of fat on chemical-shift images. Fat-containing HCCs were subdivided into diffuse or focal fatty change groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify clinical and MR findings associated with MVI. RESULTS: Based on MR imaging, 66 @entity5 were classified as fat-containing HCCs and 299 as non-fat-containing HCCs. Among the 66 fat-containing HCCs, 38 (57.6%) showed diffuse fatty changes and 28 (42.4%) showed focal fatty changes. MVI was present in 18 (27.3%) fat-containing HCCs and in 117 (39.1%) non-fat-containing HCCs (P=0.07). Univariate analysis revealed that serum @entity160 ( @entity160 ) and @entity5 size were significantly associated with MVI (P<0.001). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that log @entity160 (odds ratio 1.178, P=0.0016), @entity5 size (odds ratio 1.809, P<0.001), and intra-tumoral fat (odds ratio 0.515, P=0.0387) were independent variables associated with MVI. CONCLUSION: Intra-tumoral fat detected with MR imaging may suggest lower risk for MVI of HCC and, therefore, a possibly more favorable prognosis, but the clinical value of this finding is uncertain.

title: Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinomas with XXXX -enhanced MR imaging: Impact of intra-tumoral fat detected on chemical-shift images.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadoxetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity18497 :: (MESH:C073590,Chemical) :: ['gadoxetic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the impact of quantity and location of @entity7874 ( @entity7874 ) on @entity338 ( @entity338 ) and rates of @entity384 ( @entity384 ) immediately after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity7874 in different locations within the aortic valve complex is incompletely understood. METHODS: This study analyzed 150 @entity1 with severe, symptomatic @entity472 who underwent TAVR. Total @entity7874 volume scores were calculated from contrast-enhanced multidetector row computed tomography imaging. @entity7874 was divided by leaflet sector and region (Leaflet, Annulus, left ventricular outflow tract [LVOT]), and a combination of LVOT and Annulus (AnnulusLVOT). Asymmetry was assessed. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed with greater than or equal to mild @entity338 and @entity384 as classification variables. Logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: Quantity of and asymmetry of @entity7874 for all regions of the aortic valve complex predicted greater than or equal to mild @entity338 by receiver-operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve = 0.635 to 0.689), except Leaflet asymmetry. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for @entity384 was significant for quantity and asymmetry of @entity7874 in all regions, with higher area under the curve values than for @entity338 (area under the curve = 0.648 to 0.741). On multivariable analysis, Leaflet and AnnulusLVOT @entity730 were independent predictors of both @entity338 and @entity384 regardless of multidetector row computed tomography area cover index. CONCLUSIONS: Quantity and asymmetry of @entity7874 in all regions of the aortic valve complex predict greater than or equal to mild @entity338 and performance of @entity384 , with the exception of Leaflet asymmetry. Quantity of AnnulusLVOT and Leaflet @entity730 independently predict @entity338 and @entity384 when taking into account multidetector row computed tomography area cover index.

title: Quantity and location of aortic valve complex XXXX predicts severity and location of @entity338 and frequency of @entity384 after balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['post-dilation', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve calcification', 'AVC']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'paravalvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7087 Background: This phase I study investigated the safety and efficacy of @entity2857 in combination with @entity900 and pemetrexed in untreated @entity3620 @entity1 (pts). METHODS: Pts with an histological diagnosis of @entity3620 received @entity900 75 mg/m(2) iv and pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) iv on day 1 of a 3-week cycle for a maximum of 6 cycles, and oral @entity2857 was administered continuously from day 1 of cycle, at 200 mg twice daily (Level 1) or 400 mg twice daily (Level 2). Maintenance @entity2857 treatment was performed at the same level dose in pts with CR/PR/SD. All pts received @entity1501 and @entity2186 from 7 to 14 days before the start of treatment until 21 days after the last pemetrexed dose. @entity5 response according to RECIST criteria was evaluated by CT-scan every two cycles of chemotherapy. @entity419 -PET was performed before the start of treatment and after three weeks. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were enrolled (6 pts in each dose level): 11 males, 1 female; median age 61 years (range 43-71); KPS 100 in 2 pts, 90 in 5, 80 in 3, 70 in 2; IMIG stage III in 8 pts, IV in 4; epithelial subtype in 10 pts, sarcomatous in 2; all pts had symptomatic @entity1143 . DLTs were at dose level 1 @entity1398 (2 pts G3), @entity882 (1 pt G3), @entity137 (1 pt G3), and at dose level 2 @entity1398 (3 pts G3 and 1 G4), @entity882 (1 pt G3 and 1 G4), @entity137 (2 pts G3). At the dose level 2 five pts received a dose reduction to 200 mg bid due to @entity137 . At least one dose reduction after the 1(st) cycle of @entity900 /pemetrexed was performed in 1 pt of level 1 and 3 pts of level 2. PRs were observed in 5 (42%) pts (2 pts in level 1, 3 in level 2) and SD in 3 (25%) pts (all pts in level 1); the median TTP was 6 months (range 1-16) and the median OS was 12 months (range 4-23). One pt with PR was submitted to pleuro-pneumonectomy and post-surgery radiotherapy. A marked SUV reduction (>35%) in early PET evaluation after 3 weeks of treatment was observed in all 5 pts with PR. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous oral @entity2857 400 mg bid was not tolerated in combination with @entity900 /pemetrexed chemotherapy. Our results in @entity3620 pts suggest a drug interaction that amplifies @entity137 with no evidence of @entity5 control improvement.

title: Phase I study of @entity2857 and @entity900 /pemetrexed regimen in untreated @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) XXXX : Italian SoMe Study.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The widespread and abundant distribution of P2Y receptors in the @entity1 brain suggests important functions for these receptors in the CNS. To study a possible involvement of the P2Y receptors in the regulation of fear and @entity148 , the influences of the P2Y(1,11,12) receptor-specific agonist adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (ADPbetaS), the P2X(1,3) receptor agonist alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,betameATP), the unspecific P2 receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azopheny l-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS), and the specific @entity863 receptor antagonist N(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate ( @entity7748 2179) on the elevated plus-maze behavior of the @entity35 were investigated. All tested compounds were given intracerebroventricularly (0.5 microl). ADPbetaS (50 and 500 fmol) produced an anxiolytic-like behavioral profile reflected by an increase of the open arm exploration. The anxiolytic-like effects were antagonized by pretreatment with PPADS (5 pmol) or @entity7748 2179 (5 pmol). Both compounds caused anxiogenic-like effects when given alone. Furthermore, the anxiolytic-like effects of ADPbetaS could be antagonized by pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In addition, the anxiogenic-like effects of PPADS were reversed by the pretreatment with L-arginine (500 pmol), which is the natural substrate for NOS, but not by D-arginine (500 pmol), which is not. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of @entity863 receptors on neurons in different brain regions such as @entity2339 , amygdala, hippocampus and the periaqueductal gray. Furthermore, the colocalization of @entity863 receptors and @entity5612 ( @entity5612 ) on some neurons in these regions could be demonstrated. The highest density of @entity863 and @entity5612 -immunoreactivity was detected in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Taken together, the present results suggest that @entity863 receptors are involved in the modulation of @entity148 in the @entity35 . The anxiolytic-like effects after stimulation of @entity863 receptors seem to be in close connection with the related nitric oxide production.

title: Stimulation of P2Y1 receptors causes anxiolytic-like effects in the XXXX elevated plus-maze: implications for the involvement of P2Y1 receptor-mediated nitric oxide production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The negative implications of living in a socially unequal society are now well documented. However, there is poor understanding of the pathways from specific environmental risk to symptoms. Here we examine the associations between social deprivation, @entity308 , and @entity716 using the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, a cross-sectional dataset including 7,353 individuals. In addition we looked at the mediating role of stress, discrimination, trust and lack of social support. We found that the @entity1 ' neighbourhood @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) significantly predicted @entity716 and @entity308 . On inspection of specific @entity716 , @entity1949 predicted @entity10963 , but not @entity1833 or hypomania. Stress and trust partially mediated the relationship between @entity1949 and @entity10963 . Stress, trust and a lack of social support fully mediated the relationship between @entity1949 and @entity308 . Future research should focus on the role deprivation and social inequalities plays in specific manifestations of psychopathology and investigate mechanisms to explain those associations that occur. Targeting the mediating mechanisms through appropriate psychological intervention may go some way to dampen the negative consequences of living in an unjust society; ameliorating economic injustice may improve population mental health.

title: The impact of social deprivation on @entity10963 , XXXX , mania and @entity308 : the role of discrimination social support, stress and trust.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['IMD', 'index of multiple deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid ideation', 'paranoia']

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['hallucinations']


abstract: Cleavage reactions at backbone loci are one of the consequences of oxidation of proteins and peptides. During a-amidation, the Ca -N bond in the backbone is cleaved under formation of an N-terminal peptide @entity6346 and a C-terminal keto acyl peptide. On the basis of earlier works, a facilitation of a-amidation by the @entity15410 group of adjacent @entity1853 side chains was proposed. This reaction was characterized by using benzoyl methionine and benzoyl alanyl methionine as peptide models. The decomposition of benzoylated amino acids (benzoyl-methionine, @entity64936 , and benzoyl-methionine sulfoxide) to @entity5759 in the presence of different @entity1735 compounds (reducing @entity3363 , Amadori products, and reductones) was studied during incubation for up to 48   h at 80     C in @entity598 -buffered solution (pH 6.0). Small amounts of @entity5759 (0.3-1.5   mol%) were formed in the presence of all @entity3363 and from all benzoylated species. However, @entity5759 formation was strongly enhanced, when benzoyl methionine was incubated in the presence of reductones and Amadori compounds (3.5-4.2   mol%). The reaction was found to be intramolecular, because a-amidation of a similar 4-methylbenzoylated amino acid was not enhanced in the presence of benzoyl-methionine and @entity1735 compounds. In the peptide benzoyl-alanyl-methionine, a-amidation at the @entity1853 residue is preferred over a-amidation at the @entity52105 peptide bond. We propose here a mechanism for the enhancement of a-amidation at @entity1853 residues. Copyright    2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Peptide backbone cleavage by a-amidation is enhanced at XXXX residues.

entities_list: @entity15410 :: ('CHEBI:16385', 'Chemical') :: ['thioether']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity5759 :: ('MESH:C037689', 'Chemical') :: ['benzamide']

entities_list: @entity64936 :: ('CHEBI:71167', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoyl-alanine']

answer: @entity1853 :: (MESH:D008715,Chemical) :: ['methionine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To test the feasibility of magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) imaging in the evaluation of @entity1575 . METHODOLOGY: Three normal volunteers and 22 cirrhotic liver @entity1 (13 of them harbored @entity157 ) were prospectively studied with on-resonance binomial pulsed MTC imaging using a 1.0 Tesla MR scanner. Both MTC and non-MTC images were acquired. The magnetization transfer (MT) effect (defined as: 1-signal intensity of MTC/signal intensity of non-MTC), was used as an indicator and was correlated with different disease status. Lesion-to-liver contrast of non-MTC versus MTC imaging was also compared. RESULTS: @entity3619 and early @entity82 had a MT effect similar to that of the normal group. @entity82 had the strongest MT effect. @entity82 , when infiltrated by diffuse @entity157 , showed a significantly weaker MT effect than that of the normal group (p<0.05), early @entity82 (P<0.005), and @entity82 (p<0.05). Overall, the MT effects in these 22 @entity1 were widely variable. There was no significant improvement in lesion contrast of MTC imaging when compared to that of non-MTC imaging due to complex signal attenuation behavior of either the background liver tissue or the @entity5 itself. CONCLUSIONS: The complex pathological change of the cirrhotic liver tissue may account for the wide variation of the MT effect and the compromised lesion contrast in cirrhotic @entity1 . Caution should be taken when cirrhotic tissue has an unusually weak MT effect. Then, the possibility of a mixed disease process such as @entity1560 or diffuse @entity157 should be highly suspected. Our experience shows that MTC imaging plays a potential role in the evaluation of the multi-facets of cirrhotic tissue change.

title: Magnetization transfer contrast imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis', 'Frank cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis', 'frank cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty metamorphosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: Although @entity5 consisting of a @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) and @entity420 have been described in the endometrium, they have not been documented in the uterine cervix to our knowledge. Three such cervical cases are reported in this article. Three @entity1 , whose ages ranged from 40 to 61 years, presented with @entity3556 and malignant cells on routine Papanicolaou smears. The initial diagnoses based on a biopsy specimen were poorly differentiated @entity957 in two @entity1 and @entity420 with a solid component in the third @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent radical hysterectomy. The hysterectomy specimens each contained a polypoid endocervical mass with minimal invasion of the cervical stroma. On microscopic examination, each @entity5 consisted of a component of papillary @entity1606 admixed with an @entity420 of endometrioid type. Both @entity2483 were immunoreactive for cytokeratin (CK) 7 but not @entity2225 . The three @entity1 were alive and disease-free from 10 months to 4 years postoperatively. Recognition of this unusual variant of @entity2622 is important to delineate its clinical and pathologic features and establish prognostic differences, if any, from other histologic subtypes of @entity2622 . Papillary @entity1606 mixed with @entity420 broadens the morphologic spectrum of transitional cell neoplasms of the uterine cervix.

title: Mixed papillary transitional cell carcinoma and XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['combination of transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous components']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: @entity882 ( @entity882 ) was looked for in 33 Indian @entity1 undergoing cardiovascular surgery who received unfractionated heparin (UFH). Platelet counts were performed before the initiation of UFH therapy and 5 to 16 days after administration of the therapy. A decrease in @entity1 ' platelet count > 35% of the baseline value or < 100,000/microL was considered to be suggestive of @entity882 . Heparin-induced @entity1423 (HIPA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were performed in all the @entity1 to detect antibodies against heparin/ @entity62839 complex. @entity882 was found to be present in 10 (30%) @entity1 . Of these, two @entity1 were found to be positive as detected by HIPA and ELISA tests. These two @entity1 were considered to have classic @entity882 . One of these had @entity548 while the other was asymptomatic. Among the 23 non- @entity882 @entity1 and controls, @entity882 antibodies were not detectable by HIPA test in all but absent by ELISA in only 21 of them. Two of 23 non- @entity882 @entity1 had positive results on the ELISA test. Because the latter had negative test results on HIPA, they were considered to be false-positive results. Thus, @entity882 develops in approximately 6% of Indian @entity1 treated with UFH.

title: Laboratory diagnosis of heparin-induced XXXX in Asian Indians as investigated with functional and immunologic methods.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'HIT', 'HIT syndrome', 'thrombocytopenic']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Post-translational modification of histones is linked to a variety of biological processes and disease states. This paper focuses on phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 (p-H3S10), induced by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and discusses the usefulness of p-H3S10 as a marker to evaluate the @entity137 of AgNPs. Cultured @entity1 cells showed remarkable p-H3S10 immediately after treatment with AgNPs but not with Ag microparticles. p-H3S10 lasts up to 24 h and strongly depends upon the cellular uptake of AgNPs. Removal of Ag ions suppressed p-H3S10, while adding an excess of Ag ions augmented p-H3S10. We expected that p-H3S10 requires two events: cellular uptake of AgNPs and continuous release of Ag ions from intracellular AgNPs. AgNPs enhanced the expression of the @entity1178 , and p-H3S10 increased in the promoter sites of the gene, indicating that p-H3S10 might indicate a biological reaction related to @entity105 . We previously showed that side-scattered light from flow cytometry could be used to measure the uptake potential of nanoparticles [ @entity6953 , H. ; Toyooka , T. ; Ibuki , Y. Simple and easy method to evaluate uptake potential of nanoparticles in @entity1 cells using a flow cytometric light scatter analysis . Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007 , 41 ( 8 ), 3018 - 3024 ]. Our current findings suggest that p-H3S10 can be used to evaluate the @entity137 of AgNPs and Ag ion release in combination with detection of side-scattered light from flow cytometry.

title: Evaluating the XXXX of Silver Nanoparticles by Detecting Phosphorylation of Histone H3 in Combination with Flow Cytometry Side-Scattered Light.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1178 :: ('3725', 'Gene') :: ['proto-oncogene c-jun']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: The cell-specific distribution of multidrug resistance extrusion pumps was studied in developmental @entity75 , including focal @entity6795 (15 cases) and @entity7667 (15 cases) from @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 . Lesional, perilesional, as well as normal brain regions were examined for the expression of the multidrug resistance gene 1 encoded @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) and the @entity11092 ( @entity11092 ) by immunocytochemistry. In normal brain @entity11092 expression was below detection, whereas @entity1262 staining was present only in blood vessels. @entity11092 and @entity1262 immunoreactivity was observed in dysplastic neurons of 11/15 cases of focal @entity6795 , as well as in the neuronal component of 14/15 @entity7667 . Glial cells with astrocytic morphology within the lesion showed multidrug-resistant protein immunoreactivity ( @entity1262 > @entity11092 ). Moderate to strong @entity11092 and @entity1262 immunoreactivity was observed in a population of large ballooned neuroglial cells. @entity1262 appeared to be most frequently expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive balloon cells (glial type), whereas @entity11092 was more frequently expressed in microtubule-associated protein 2-positive balloon cells (neuronal type). In both types of lesions strong @entity1262 immunoreactivity was found in lesional vessels. Perilesional regions did not show increased staining in vessels or in neuronal cells compared with normal cortex. The predominant intralesional cell-specific distribution of multidrug transporter proteins supports the hypothesis of a constitutive overexpression as common mechanism underlying the intrinsic pharmaco-resistance to antiepileptic drugs of both malformative and neoplastic @entity245 .

title: Expression and cellular distribution of multidrug transporter proteins in two major causes of medically intractable @entity302 : focal XXXX and glioneuronal tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['glioneuronal lesions']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['glioneuronal developmental lesions']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['MRP1', 'multidrug resistance-associated protein 1']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['cortical dysplasia']


abstract: The i.v. bolus administration of 1 alpha hydroxylated @entity560 derivatives is effective in the treatment of @entity2742 . However, few of the published studies of this mode of treatment have been adequately controlled, and recent reports have suggested that p.o. bolus administration may be just as effective. In this study, 16 hemodialysis @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity2742 were assigned, after a 4-wk run-in period, to receive a 6-wk course of either thrice-weekly i.v. or p.o. @entity15199 (initial dose, 4 micrograms). Then, after a further control period, they received a second 6-wk course, with either p.o. or i.v. @entity15199 (whichever was not given in the first treatment period). Plasma @entity461 ( @entity461 ) was measured weekly by the use of an intact hormone assay. Both routes of therapy resulted in a significant suppression of plasma @entity461 (P = 0.005) and an elevation in plasma ionized @entity460 (P = 0.01). The magnitude of the responses was similar for the two treatment phases, as was the relationship between the increment in @entity460 and the decrement in @entity461 . The most complete suppression of @entity461 was seen in those with the greatest increment in plasma @entity460 . The incidence of @entity2741 and the mean dose reductions necessary were also similar in the two treatment phases. Oral bolus therapy and i.v. bolus therapy with @entity15199 are equally effective in suppressing @entity2742 . The postulated advantages of i.v. over p.o. therapy with 1 alpha hydroxylated @entity560 derivatives remain to be confirmed by controlled studies.

title: A comparison of oral and intravenous XXXX in the treatment of @entity2742 .

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity15199 :: ('MESH:C008088', 'Chemical') :: ['alfacalcidol']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'uremic hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity15199 :: (MESH:C008088,Chemical) :: ['alfacalcidol']


abstract: Neuro-anatomical studies in the @entity1 cochlea have previously identified a subpopulation of approximately 5 % of primary auditory neurones, designated type II spiral ganglion neurones (sgnII). These neurones project to outer hair cells and their supporting cells, within the 'cochlear amplifier' region. Physiological characterization of sgnII has proven elusive. Whole-cell patch clamp of spiral ganglion neurones in P7-P10 @entity35 cochlear slices provided functional characterization of sgnII, identified by biocytin or Lucifer yellow labelling of their peripheral neurite projections (outer spiral fibres) subsequent to electrophysiological characterisation. SgnII terminal fields comprised multiple outer hair cells and supporting cells, located up to 370 mum basal to their soma. SgnII firing properties were defined by rapidly inactivating A-type-like @entity972 currents that suppress burst firing of action potentials. Type I spiral ganglion neurones (sgnI), had shorter radial projections to single inner hair cells and exhibited larger @entity972 currents with faster activation and slower inactivation kinetics, compatible with the high temporal firing fidelity seen in auditory nerve coding. Based on these findings, sgnII may be identified in future by the A-type current. @entity2227 -gated somatic currents in sgnII were more potentiated by @entity10640 than those in sgnI, suggesting differential @entity140 receptor expression. @entity855 -activated desensitising inward currents were comparable in sgn II and sgnI. These data support a role for sgnII in providing integrated afferent feedback from the cochlear amplifier.

title: Membrane properties of type II spiral ganglion neurones identified in a neonatal XXXX cochlear slice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity10640 :: ('MESH:C004639', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclothiazide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To determine which clinical factors might be associated with @entity356 (IM) in a North American population. METHODS: Pathology and endoscopy databases at an academic medical center were reviewed to identify @entity1 with and without gastric IM on biopsies for a retrospective cohort study. @entity1 demographics, insurance status, and other clinical factors were reviewed. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-eight @entity1 with gastric IM (mean age: 61.0 years    14.4 years, 55.5% female) and 171 without gastric IM (mean age: 48.8 years    20.8 years, 55.0% female) were compared. The endoscopic appearance of @entity4726 correlated with finding gastric IM on histopathology (OR = 2.05, P = 0.051). Gastric IM was associated with histologic findings of chronic @entity3621 (OR = 2.56, P < 0.001), @entity2275 (OR = 6.97, P = 0.015), @entity356 (OR = 6.11, P = 0.038), and @entity356 (OR = 6.53, P = 0.027). Histologic findings of @entity355 (OR = 0.28, P = 0.003) and @entity2910 (OR = 0.11, P = 0.014) were inversely associated with gastric IM. @entity286 use (OR = 1.73, P = 0.005) was associated with gastric IM. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who smoke or have the endoscopic finding of @entity4726 are more likely to have gastric IM and should have screening gastric biopsies during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). @entity1 with gastric IM are at increased risk for having @entity356 and @entity5 , and surveillance EGD with gastric biopsies in these @entity1 might be reasonable.

title: Gastric intestinal metaplasia is associated with XXXX but is inversely correlated with @entity2910 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric intestinal metaplasia', 'gastric cancer', 'gastric dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric dysplasia']


abstract: One of the hallmarks of @entity195 is the accumulation of @entity527 in brain, extracellular lesions comprised mostly of aggregates of the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta). Abeta is proteolytically derived from the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP). The generation of Abeta and nonamyloidogenic derivatives of APP involves utilization of alternative processing pathways and multiple subcellular compartments. To improve our understanding of the regulation of APP processing, we investigated the effects of @entity2307 , a @entity4357 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor, on APP processing. PI3-kinases form a multifaceted family of enzymes that represent converging points for multiple signal transduction pathways and also act as key regulators of vesicular trafficking. In N2a @entity521 cells expressing either wild-type APP or the "Swedish" @entity195 -associated mutant variant of APP, @entity2307 treatment resulted in decreased release of both Abeta and soluble APPalpha. In parallel, full-length APP and both processed derivatives accumulated inside the cells. These effects were not present at nanomolar concentrations of @entity2307 , but only at micromolar concentrations, implying the possible involvement of a recently described @entity10747 ( @entity10747 )-associated PI3-kinase that is resistant to nanomolar concentrations of the inhibitor, but sensitive to micromolar concentrations. All effects were reversible when the drug was removed from the cell culture medium. Given the suspected site of action of this novel PI3-kinase activity at the @entity10747 , it is tempting to speculate that the unexpected increase in the levels of both intracellular soluble APPalpha and intracellular Abeta might be due to @entity2307 -induced covesiculation of APP together with its respective secretase enzymes within the @entity10747 , leading to the execution of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-secretase reactions.

title: The @entity4357 3-kinase inhibitor XXXX alters the metabolism of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein.

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['trans-Golgi network', 'TGN']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "familial Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity2307 :: (MESH:C009687,Chemical) :: ['wortmannin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of @entity4964 ( @entity4964 ) among @entity1 who have been referred for the surgical treatment of @entity5229 ( @entity5229 ) and to study its pathogenic mechanisms. DESIGN: A prospective study of @entity1 of reproductive age who have been referred to our center for the surgical treatment of @entity5229 . @entity1 with pneumothorax secondary to a known @entity358 were excluded. SETTING: A university hospital. METHODS: At the preoperative evaluation, special attention was given to the investigation of a possible temporal relationship between pneumothorax and menses. Video-assisted thoracoscopy constituted the operative technique of choice. The lung was inspected to identify @entity4530 or bullae and the origin of possible air leaks. Signs of @entity46 were also carefully searched for. The diaphragm was systematically inspected to search for holes and/or endometrial implants. When limited @entity154 were found, a partial diaphragmatic resection was carried out using an endoscopic stapler. In case of lesions that were not accessible by a purely endoscopic approach, a utility minithoracotomy was used. RESULTS: In an 18-month period, 32 @entity1 with @entity5229 were referred for surgery. In eight cases, the catamenial character of the pneumothorax was recognized by clinical history. In all these @entity1 , the following @entity154 were found at surgery: holes (one @entity1 ); endometrial implants (three @entity1 ); and both (four @entity1 ). Visceral @entity46 was found in one @entity1 . During pathologic examination, diaphragmatic @entity46 was confirmed in seven of the eight cases. In one @entity1 , it was associated with @entity358 . In only one @entity1 (with multiple diaphragmatic holes and a @entity358 ), @entity46 could not be confirmed at histology, but signs of parenchymal focal @entity548 were found. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that (1) @entity4964 is more frequent than expected and (2) @entity154 seem to play a fundamental role in its pathogenesis.

title: XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4964 :: ('MESH:C538279', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'catamenial pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous pneumothorax', 'SP']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary and pleural endometriosis', 'pulmonary nodular brown lesion']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['pleural endometriosis', 'thoracic endometriosis', 'endometriosis']

answer: @entity4964 :: (MESH:C538279,Disease) :: ['Catamenial pneumothorax']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to report long-term results of treatment of @entity1 with @entity546 ( @entity546 ) with a new corporoplasty based on stratified structure of tunica albuginea, in which corporal bodies are not opened. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 2006 to September 2013, the authors operated on 111 adult @entity1 with @entity546 . Ventral curvature was detected in 65 @entity1 , lateral in 34, and dorsal in 12. Skin was incised longitudinally on convex surface of curvature. In ventral curvature, dorsal neuro-vascular bundles (NVBs) were separated from tunica albuginea and elliptical fragments of external (longitudinal) layer of tunica were excised. The tunica was sutured with absorbable sutures, which invaginated the internal (transversal) layer of tunica. In dorsal curvature, excisions were performed on both sides of the urethra, in lateral curvature - on the convex penile surface. RESULTS: Follow-up period was from 12 to 84 months. The penis was completely straight in 109 out of 111 @entity1 . In 2 @entity1 (1.8%) recurrent curvature of up to 20 degrees was detected. Redo surgery was done in one individual (0.9%) at @entity1 's request. Glandular sensation loss or @entity323 was not detected in any @entity1 during the period of observation. CONCLUSIONS: A new operation for correction of @entity546 , which consists of excision of an elliptical fragment of the external layer of the tunica albuginea and plication of the internal layer gives good short and long-term results. Surgery done without penetrating the corpora cavernosa is minimally invasive, which diminishes the potential risk of complications, especially intra- and @entity86 .

title: A new corporoplasty based on stratified structure of tunica albuginea for the treatment of XXXX - long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['CPC', 'congenital penile curvature']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['congenital penile curvature']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detail the clinical features of 22 new @entity1 with a syndrome characterized by @entity4643 , @entity299 , @entity38887 , @entity851 or development, @entity790 , and @entity2169 or @entity393 ( @entity11339 ) seen in a tertiary academic medical center; compare auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds and behavioral hearing test results; identify a "window of opportunity" for audiologic intervention; review the literature regarding hearing results in @entity11339 ; and review the relationship between @entity3541 and @entity1274 . METHODS: Clinical data were gathered to examine 1) the variety of hearing results, 2) the average age at the time of @entity393 identification in 22 @entity1 with @entity11339 using electrophysiologic and behavioral test methods, 3) the usefulness of the ABR as an early indicator of hearing sensitivity for a select group composed of @entity1 from the present study and from an earlier report from the same institution, and 4) the value of @entity3541 as a predictor of @entity1274 in @entity11339 @entity1 seen in the authors' institution since 1983. RESULTS: All @entity1 had 4 or more acronymic features, including @entity154 or @entity16453 . @entity2169 / @entity393 occurred at least as frequently as other primary features. A total of 81% of @entity1 had @entity393 ; in this subset, 1 @entity1 had a mild degree of loss, and the remaining @entity1 had moderate or greater losses. The average age at which ABR confirmed hearing status was 3.8 months, whereas for behavioral testing, that age was 24.7 months, a statistically significant difference. In a select group of 16 @entity1 , no statistical differences existed when comparing threshold results of early electrophysiologic testing with behavioral test findings obtained at a later date. Contingency analysis suggests that @entity3541 and @entity1274 are related. CONCLUSIONS: @entity393 is prevalent in @entity1 with @entity11339 . Within a wide range of results exists a propensity for moderate or greater @entity393 in @entity1 with @entity73 . @entity3541 seems to be a valid statistical predictor of @entity1274 and can be a useful device in audiologic decision making. A "window of opportunity" for audiologic intervention exists in the first few months of life. Primary care providers are encouraged to recognize the need for immediate, early audiologic referral of their @entity1 suspected to have @entity11339 . Evaluation of hearing sensitivity during infancy and, when appropriate, provision of amplification are important components in the process of auditory habilitation. These efforts are in keeping with various professional guidelines that call for early detection of @entity393 and subsequent prompt intervention to minimize effects on @entity1 development.

title: XXXX : a window of opportunity for audiologic intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['colobomatous defects']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['retarded growth']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural or mixed impairments']

entities_list: @entity11339 :: ('MESH:D058747', 'Disease') :: ['CHARGE', 'CHARGE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['ocular coloboma']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['congenital facial paralysis', 'facial palsy', 'Congenital facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['Ear anomalies', 'ear anomalies']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity38887 :: ('MESH:C567865', 'Disease') :: ['atretic choanae']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital hypoplasia']

answer: @entity11339 :: (MESH:D058747,Disease) :: ['CHARGE syndrome']


abstract: AIMS: Proper management of post-interventional @entity158 relieves unwarranted @entity1 distress and enhances @entity1 satisfaction. There have been only a limited number of investigations into @entity1 discomfort following electrophysiological interventions. This study aims to quantify @entity158 after interventional procedures, including ablation of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) or @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), as well as implant or explant of pacemakers or implantable cardioverter defibrillators. METHODS AND RESULTS: One-hundred and two consecutive @entity1 (mean age 66 years, 70 @entity1 ) were asked to quantify post-interventional @entity158 on a numeric rating scale (NRS 0-10) every 2 h during a period of 24 h after their intervention (49 ablations in deep @entity1875 sedation, 53 device surgeries in local anaesthesia with @entity10541 1%) and to specify the type of @entity158 . @entity158 was classified as moderate to severe in case of NRS > 3. Post-operative @entity158 medication included non-opioid and opioid analgesics as per the treating physicians' discretion. Sixty-one @entity1 (60%) suffered from moderate-to-severe @entity158 within the first 24 h after the procedure, despite the use of analgesics in 47 @entity1 (46%). @entity158 was present in an early period (0-6 h) in 54% and in a late period (8-24 h) in 40% of @entity1 . @entity1 @entity615 (44%), @entity158 at the site of the device pocket (39%), @entity158 at the groin after puncture (7%), and @entity158 (5%). Multivariate analysis identified female gender (P = 0.046) associated with early post-interventional @entity158 while age, @entity6 , body mass index, type of intervention, and procedure time were not related to early or late post-interventional @entity158 . CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the high prevalence and the poor predictability of moderate-to-severe post-interventional @entity158 within the first 24 h after catheter ablation and cardiac device surgery procedures, despite the use of peri-interventional analgesics. These findings highlight the need for more careful @entity158 assessment and management programmes.

title: XXXX discomfort following catheter ablation and rhythm device surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['complained of back pain']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pericarditic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']