abstract: PURPOSE: To compare long-term patency after balloon angioplasty of stenotic or occluded subclavian arteries with and without adjunctive stenting and to identify independent risk factors for @entity256 after balloon angioplasty. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, 115 consecutive @entity1 (65 @entity1 ; mean age 60 years, interquartile range 53-68) who underwent PTA for @entity731 subclavian @entity432 within a 15-year period were included. Among these, 26 (23%) consecutive @entity1 had Palmaz stents routinely implanted since 1996. Follow-up investigation was performed in the year 2000. Patency during the median 44-month follow-up period (interquartile range 18-69 months, minimum 12) was evaluated by oscillography, blood pressure measurement, and color-coded duplex sonography. The predictive value of possible risk factors for @entity256 was assessed in a multivariate model controlling for cardiovascular comorbidities and angiographic data. RESULTS: PTA success was achieved in 98 (85%) @entity1 , 72 (81%) of 89 undergoing angioplasty alone and all 26 with stents. @entity432 (> or = 2 cm) correlated with a lower success rate. One-year patency was 76% in unstented arteries and 95% in stented lesions due to better primary technical success, but at 4 years, the patency rates were 59% in arteries with stents and 68% in arteries without. @entity66 , residual stenosis after PTA, and stent implantation were independent predictors for @entity256 after successful intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Subclavian arterial stent implantation is associated with better 1-year patency than PTA due to improved technical success, but intermediate and long-term outcomes are less favorable, as instent @entity256 frequently occurs.

title: Risk stratification for subclavian artery angioplasty: is there an increased rate of XXXX after stent implantation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Long lesions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Complete occlusion of the vessel and long lesions', 'artery obstruction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ) demonstrate social dysfunction and increased risk of @entity72 , especially those with the maternal @entity8882 (mUPD) versus paternal deletion genetic subtype. This study compared the neural processing of social (faces) and nonsocial stimuli, varying in emotional valence, across genetic subtypes in 24 adolescents and adults with @entity6038 . METHODS: Upright and inverted faces, and nonsocial objects with positive and negative emotional valence were presented to @entity1 with @entity6038 in an oddball paradigm with smiling faces serving as targets. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were recorded. RESULTS: There were no genetic subtype group differences in accuracy, and all @entity1 performed above chance level. ERP responses revealed genetic subtype differences in face versus object processing. In those with deletions, the face-specific posterior N170 response varied in size for face stimuli versus inverted faces versus nonsocial objects. @entity1 with mUPD generated N170 of smaller amplitude and showed no stimulus differentiation. Brain responses to emotional content did not vary by subtype. All @entity1 elicited larger posterior and anterior late positive potential responses to positive objects than to negative objects. Emotion-related differences in response to faces were limited to inverted faces only in the form of larger anterior late positive potential amplitudes to negative emotions over the right hemisphere. Detection of the target smiling faces was evident in the increased amplitude of the frontal and central P3 responses but only for inverted smiling faces. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with the mUPD subtype of @entity6038 may show atypical face versus object processes, yet both subtypes demonstrated potentially altered processing, attention to and/or recognition of faces and their expressions.

title: Social and emotional processing in XXXX : genetic subtype differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'People']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'Prader-Willi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['uniparental disomy']

answer: @entity6038 :: (MESH:D011218,Disease) :: ['Prader-Willi syndrome']


abstract: @entity548 are the main causes of morbidity in @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ). We investigated the clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with the occurrence of these events with the aim of identifying subgroups of @entity1 who might benefit from anti-aggregant and/or cytoreductive therapy. The study involved 306 consecutive @entity4407 @entity1 (median age 58 years and median follow-up 96 months); the investigated variables were age, gender, platelet count, previous history of @entity715 or @entity548 events, disease duration and cardiovascular risk factors. Forty-six @entity1 (15%) experienced @entity715 during the follow-up: 26/64 @entity1 with a previous history of @entity715 (40.6%) and 20/242 @entity1 without (8.3%; p < 0.0001). Thirty-one @entity1 (10%) experienced major @entity548 , mainly gastrointestinal tract bleeding: 3 with and 28 without a history of @entity548 events (p = 0.052). When the @entity1 with a negative history of @entity715 were stratified on the basis of the number of cardiovascular risk factors (none vs. one vs. more than one), there was a significant correlation with the occurrence of @entity715 events (p < 0.05). @entity4407 @entity1 with a positive history of @entity715 are at high risk of @entity715 , and should receive cytoreductive and anti-aggregant treatment. Asymptomatic @entity1 with a negative @entity715 history and no cardiovascular risk factors are at low risk, and should not be treated. @entity1 with a negative @entity715 history and one or more cardiovascular risk factors are at intermediate risk, and should be treated with anti-aggregant and/or cytoreductive therapy. The need for treatment should be periodically re-evaluated. Age and platelet count, generally accepted as very important risk factors for @entity715 , did not seem in our series associated with an increased risk for @entity715 .

title: Analysis of risk factors predicting @entity548 in 306 XXXX with @entity4407 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['Essential Thrombocythemia', 'ET']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic', 'haemorrhagic complications', 'Thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The contractile and electrical responses to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in isolated segments of @entity840 and @entity95 coronary arteries were compared to those of the putative @entity6883 ( @entity855 )-dependent K+ channel opener, @entity31802 . 2. Both @entity1617 and @entity31802 produced concentration-dependent relaxation of vessel segments contracted with the H1-receptor agonist, @entity30010 . 3. An IC90 of either vasodilator also produced 17-20 mV of hyperpolarization of the @entity840 coronary artery. 4. @entity5217 (1-35 microM) depolarized the @entity840 coronary artery by 8-12 mV and antagonized @entity31802 - but not @entity1617 -induced relaxation and hyperpolarization. 5. In the @entity840 coronary artery, the K+ channel blockers @entity12781 ( @entity212 , 100 microM), @entity5128 ( @entity1041 , 10 mM) and scorpion venom (8.7 micrograms ml-1) all significantly reduced @entity1617 -induced relaxation and hyperpolarization whereas only @entity212 was an effective antagonist of both relaxation and hyperpolarization with @entity31802 . 6. Similar effects of @entity5217 and scorpion venom on @entity1617 - and @entity31802 -induced relaxation were observed in the @entity95 coronary artery. 7. Apamin (3.5 microM) was without effect on either the @entity1617 - or @entity31802 -induced relaxation in the @entity840 coronary artery. 8. In conclusion, the actions of @entity31802 in coronary artery are compatible with its proposed effects on @entity855 -dependent K+ channels. In contrast, the results with @entity1617 suggest that some step between the initial binding of @entity1617 to endothelial muscarinic receptors and the final relaxation of the smooth muscle depends upon the opening of @entity141 -activated K+ channels.

title: Comparison of the actions of @entity934 and @entity31802 in the XXXX coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity30010 :: ('MESH:C006183', 'Chemical') :: ['2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effect of biological agents (BAs) on the development and progression of @entity75 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and to identify biomarkers that accurately predict disease progression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The introduction of BAs changed the paradigm of @entity309 treatment. However, their effects on @entity75 in @entity1 with @entity309 have not been studied. METHODS: Ninety-one subjects who had received BAs for 2 years or more were enrolled. Mean radiographical interval was 3.9 years. Disease activity was evaluated by disease activity score- @entity1851 levels, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels. @entity75 were defined as an atlantodental interval more than 3 mm for @entity9807 ( @entity9807 ), Ranawat value less than 13 mm for vertical subluxation (VS), and anterior or posterior listhesis more than 2 mm for subaxial subluxation. Disease progression was defined radiographically as an increase in the atlantodental interval more than 2 mm for @entity9807 , a decrease in both Ranawat and Redlund-Johnell values more than 2 mm for VS, and an increase in listhesis more than 2 mm for subaxial subluxation. We used multivariate regression techniques to assess predictors of disease progression. RESULTS: Baseline radiographical evaluation showed no pre-existing @entity75 in 44 @entity1 , @entity9807 in 29, and VS in 18. Radiological progression occurred in 7% @entity1 without baseline lesions, 79% in the @entity9807 group, and 72% in the VS group. The incidence of progression was significantly lower in @entity1 without lesions at baseline. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated pre-existing @entity75 , disease activity score- @entity1851 levels at baseline and metalloproteinase-3 levels at final visit as good predictors of @entity309 progression. CONCLUSION: BAs prevented de novo @entity75 in @entity1 with @entity309 but failed to control progression in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity75 . Disease activity score- @entity1851 levels at baseline were related to pre-existing joint destruction, and metalloproteinase-3 levels accurately predicted @entity79 during BA treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Predictors for the progression of XXXX in @entity309 under the treatment of biological agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical lesions', 'cervical lesions', 'cervical lesion']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['AAS', 'atlantoaxial subluxation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cervical lesion']


abstract: The objective was to inform sample size calculations for a full randomized controlled trial (RCT). The design included an RCT pilot trial with a 16 week study period, including a 4 week baseline phase. The subjects were adults within 1 year of first @entity64 , ambulant with a @entity508 . Twenty-one @entity1 were recruited from the @entity64 services of 4 centers. For intervention all @entity1 received physiotherapy; the treatment group also received botulinum neurotoxin Type A (BoNTA) intramuscular injections to triceps surae (800 U Dysport) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the common peroneal nerve to assist walking. The main outcome measure was walking speed. The result was a significant upward trend in median walking speed for both the control (p = 0.02) and treatment groups (nonstimulated p = 0.004, stimulated p = 0.042). Trend lines were different in location (p = 0.04 and p = 0.009, respectively). In conclusion, there is evidence of an additional, beneficial effect of BoNTA and FES. Sufficient information has been gained on the variability of the primary outcome measure to inform sample size calculations for a full RCT to quantify the treatment effect with precision.

title: A pilot study to investigate the combined use of botulinum neurotoxin type a and functional electrical stimulation, with physiotherapy, in the treatment of @entity508 in subacute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic dropped foot']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Remembering the past and imagining the future are complex endeavours proposed to rely on a core neurobiological brain system. In the behavioural variant of frontotemporal @entity303 (bvFTD), regional patterns of @entity1010 affect medial prefrontal and temporal cortices of this core network. While autobiographical @entity2414 have been documented in bvFTD, it remains unknown whether the ability to imagine future events is also compromised. Here, we investigated episodic future thinking in 10 bvFTD @entity1 and contrasted their performance with @entity195 ( @entity195 , n  =  10) and healthy matched Control (n  =  10) @entity1 . @entity1 were asked to remember 3 events from the previous year and to envisage 3 possible events that could occur in the next year. Both @entity1 groups showed equivalent episodic detail performance for the retrieval of past events and the simulation of possible future episodes. @entity1 with bvFTD, however, showed additional impairments for the generation of external (non-episodic) details irrespective of condition. Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed divergent neural correlates of episodic past and future thinking performance specific to each @entity1 group. Atrophy in the posterior cingulate cortex was implicated in the disruption of past and future thinking in @entity195 . In contrast, in bvFTD, disruption of past retrieval correlated with @entity194 in medial prefrontal regions, whereas @entity51 were associated with @entity194 of frontopolar, medial temporal regions including the right hippocampus, and lateral temporal and occipital cortices. Our results point to the involvement of multiple brain regions in facilitating retrieval of past, and simulation of future, events. Damage to any of these key regions thus adversely affects the ability to engage in personally relevant mental time travel.

title: Episodic future thinking is impaired in the behavioural variant of frontotemporal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['future thinking deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The original European League Against @entity627 recommendations for managing @entity239 assessed evidence up to 2005. The paucity of studies meant that most recommendations were 'expert opinion'. METHODS: A multidisciplinary group from 12 countries assessed evidence with a focus on systematic reviews and meta-analyses concerned with pharmacological/non-pharmacological management for @entity239 . A review, in May 2015, identified eligible publications and key outcomes assessed were @entity158 , @entity1295 , sleep and daily functioning. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used for making recommendations. RESULTS: 2979 titles were identified: from these 275 full papers were selected for review and 107 reviews (and/or meta-analyses) evaluated as eligible. Based on meta-analyses, the only 'strong for' therapy-based recommendation in the guidelines was exercise. Based on expert opinion, a graduated approach, the following four main stages are suggested underpinned by shared decision-making with @entity1 . Initial management should involve @entity1 education and focus on non-pharmacological therapies. In case of non-response, further therapies (all of which were evaluated as 'weak for' based on meta-analyses) should be tailored to the specific needs of the individual and may involve psychological therapies (for @entity1316 and unhelpful coping strategies), pharmacotherapy (for severe @entity158 or @entity25 ) and/or a multimodal rehabilitation programme (for severe disability). CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations are underpinned by high-quality reviews and meta-analyses. The size of effect for most treatments is relatively modest. We propose research priorities clarifying who will benefit from specific interventions, their effect in combination and organisation of healthcare systems to optimise outcome.

title: EULAR revised recommendations for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: @entity2173 has been known to result from disturbance in the repair of injured DNA caused by the ultra violet light. According to cell fusion studies, this disease is classified into 8 groups. Among these groups, group A ( @entity2173 ) shows the most severe type of neurological disturbance. Slowly progressive @entity73 both in the central and the peripheral nervous systems has been reported. Although @entity393 occurs in all the @entity1 , few papers have described the chronological changes of this disability. This study aimed to clarify the development of @entity854 in @entity2173 @entity1 . We recorded auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABRs) in 20 Japanese @entity1 with @entity2173 . All @entity1 had homozygous intron 3 splicing mutations of @entity2173 group A complementing gene, the most common type mutations in Japan. ABR threshold, peak latency of 5th wave and the peak interval latency between the 1st and 5th waves (I-V interpeak latency) were measured, and were compared with those obtained from age-matched controls. ABRs were well detected in all @entity1 examined under 4 years old. The I-V interpeak latencies became shorter with age as in the controls. In 3 ears, the 5th wave was recorded without 1st wave. In 4 ears which no ABRs were detected with 90 dBHL stimulation, the only 5th wave was detected. No waves were obtained from the @entity1 aged over 10 years. The current study revealed that ABR disturbance in @entity2173 @entity1 became obvious after 4 years of age. In addition, no ABR was found to be identified after 10 years of age. During 4 to 10 years of age, some @entity1 showed the elevation of the threshold of the 5th wave. In @entity2173 @entity1 , the peripheral nerve was hypothesized to be affected earlier than the central pathway involved in ABR.

title: [Auditory brainstem responses in group A XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse impairment']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['A-XP', 'xeroderma pigmentosum', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['audiological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2173 :: (MESH:D014983,Disease) :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the protective effect of @entity898 , @entity2544 , and both agents combined in @entity1 who are admitted to the intensive care unit with at least one risk factor for contrast material-induced @entity8 and who receive at least 100 mL of iodinated contrast medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional ethics review board approval and informed consent were obtained. A total of 91 @entity1 (mean age, 58.5 years+/-14.8 [standard deviation]; 31 @entity1 , 60 @entity1 ; 150 examinations) were admitted to the intensive care unit with at least one risk factor for contrast-induced @entity8 and received either (a) 200 mg @entity2544 30 minutes before contrast medium administration (group T), (b) 600 mg @entity898 twice daily on the day of and (if possible) the day before the examination (group A), or (c) both agents combined (group @entity1129 ). The primary endpoint for this study was the incidence of contrast-induced @entity8 (chi2 test). RESULTS: Groups T, A, and @entity1129 were comparable with regard to baseline @entity1011 levels and the amount of contrast medium administered. The incidence of contrast-induced @entity8 in groups T, A, and @entity1129 was 2%, 12%, and 4%, respectively, and was significantly lower in group T than in group A (P=.047). There was no significant difference in the incidence of contrast-induced @entity8 between groups A and @entity1129 (P=.148) or between groups T and @entity1129 (P=.53). For group A, serum @entity1011 did not change after 12, 24, or 48 hours compared with baseline. @entity1011 levels in group T decreased 12 hours (1.19 mg/dL+/-0.58; P=.008) and 48 hours (1.16 mg/dL+/-0.55; P=.034) after contrast material injection compared with baseline (1.25 mg/dL+/-0.61). In group @entity1129 , @entity1011 significantly decreased 24 hours (1.21 mg/dL+/-0.74; P=.003) and 48 hours (1.17 mg/dL+/-0.69; P<.001) after contrast material injection compared with baseline (1.28 mg/dL+/-0.74). Group A had significantly higher maximal increases in @entity1011 than groups T and @entity1129 (P=.014). CONCLUSION: For prophylaxis of contrast-induced @entity8 in @entity1 who are admitted to the intensive care unit and who receive 100 mL or more of contrast medium, @entity2544 is superior to @entity898 .

title: Prophylaxis of contrast material-induced @entity8 in @entity1 in intensive care: @entity898 , XXXX , or both? A randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, imaging, differential diagnosis, complications, and treatment of popliteal cysts. METHODS: References were taken from MEDLINE from 1985 to 1998 under the subject "Popliteal Cyst" with subheadings of Radiography, Ultrasonography, and Radionuclide Imaging. Other pertinent references were used. Childhood cysts were excluded. RESULTS: Depending on the studied population and the imaging technique, 5% to 32% of knee problems may have these cysts, with 2 age-incidence peaks of 4 to 7 years and 35 to 70 years. In older @entity1 there is usually coexistent joint pathology. Symptoms may arise in the popliteal fossa from the cyst itself or be dominated by knee @entity158 from coexisting knee pathology. Many cysts are asymptomatic. Physical examination will miss one half of these cysts. Pathogenesis depends on the connection between the joint and bursa, with a valvelike effect allowing passage of fluid from the joint into the bursa with subsequent distention producing these cysts. Some bursae have no such joint-bursal communication, and the cysts arise primarily as @entity2585 of the gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa. Imaging is performed by plain x-ray, ultrasound, arthrography, computerized axial tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or nuclear scan; sonography is the method of choice. Complicated cysts with extension or @entity397 into the @entity291 mimic @entity3527 , an important differential diagnosis. Asymptomatic cysts found incidentally need no treatment; most symptomatic cysts respond to intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Surgical excision is rarely necessary. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity8060 are fairly common, may not be found on physical examination, require imaging (preferably sonography) to be identified, mimic @entity3527 when extending into the @entity291 , and often respond to intra-articular @entity134 or, rarely, surgical resection.

title: XXXX in adults: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity8060 :: ('MESH:D011151', 'Disease') :: ['Popliteal cysts']

answer: @entity8060 :: (MESH:D011151,Disease) :: ['Popliteal cysts']


abstract: We report a case of prostatic @entity706 causing bilateral @entity3041 . A 73-year-old @entity1 was referred to our department, suffering from urinary frequency and gross @entity811 . The mild elevation of serum prostatic @entity5 markers made us suspect @entity263 . He was admitted to our hospital and needle biopsy of the prostate was performed. Unexpectedly histological findings revealed " @entity706 , diffuse large cell type". CT scan showed bilateral @entity3041 , and renal function was decreased. As the @entity1 suddenly vomited blood, gastric fiberscopy and biopsy was performed. Histological diagnosis of stomach was the same as for the prostate. After systemic chemotherapy of @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , @entity229 ( @entity3726 ) regimen, renal function improved and the @entity5 reduced, but his @entity1576 rapidly worsened, and he died about 1 month after chemotherapy. @entity706 involving the prostate is very rare. Especially in Japan only 19 cases have been reported including our case. Four of the 19 @entity1 were in their twenties and so we remind the urologists of the possibility of " @entity1069 " in young @entity1 with @entity3833 or frequency.

title: [ XXXX of the prostate--a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of stomach', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory condition']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Malignant lymphoma']


abstract: A number of common @entity1897 are closely linked to a @entity1581 . In a minority of @entity1 , the @entity16 represents the sentinel feature of a malignant @entity1581 , such as @entity1582 or its osteosclerotic variant, @entity195 , @entity2783 , @entity14033 or @entity706 ; the vast majority have so-called " @entity1581 of undetermined significance" ( @entity8058 ). Sensory symptoms predominate with @entity809 , numbness, imbalance, and @entity11583 . Electrodiagnostic studies show mixed demyelinating and axonal features and often may be indistinguishable from findings in chronic inflammatory demyelinating @entity305 . Some have a pure axonal @entity305 , and in these @entity1 the relationship to the paraprotein is less certain. With limited success, correlations have been made between the immunoglobulin type (IgM, IgG, or IgA) and the clinical and electromyographic characteristics of the @entity16 . The treatment of @entity8058 @entity16 poses a considerable challenge. Patients with IgG/IgA- @entity8058 have improved with corticosteroids or intravenous immune globulin. Only the benefit of plasma exchange has been substantiated in a controlled trial. The @entity16 tend to be more refractory but often improve with similar regimens, particularly if cytotoxic agents are added in doses sufficient to reduce the amount of the @entity10805 . In addition to plasma exchange, @entity5805 , and @entity786 , interferon-alpha is a novel therapy that holds promise for @entity1 with @entity16 associated with anti-myelin associated antibodies.

title: Clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of @entity1 with @entity305 associated with @entity1581 of undetermined significance ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell dyscrasia', 'monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies', 'IgM neuropathies', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of the peripheral nervous system']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Waldenstrom's disease"]

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['gait ataxia']

answer: @entity8058 :: (MESH:D008998,Disease) :: ['MGUS']


abstract: Richards LG, Latham NK, Jette DU, Rosenberg L, Smout RJ, DeJong G. Characterizing occupational therapy practice in @entity64 rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES: To describe how occupational therapy (OT) activities during @entity64 inpatient rehabilitation vary by admission functional status and over time and how time spent in these various activities relates to functional status at discharge. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: Six inpatient rehabilitation hospitals in the United States. @entity1 : @entity1 (N=713) receiving 4 to 19 hours of post- @entity64 OT. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were categorized by number of 4-hour blocks of OT received and by admission upper-extremity (UE) dressing score on the FIM instrument. In each group, the percentage of time spent in 16 activities and the percentage of @entity1 who received each activity were calculated. The amount of time in activities was compared for those @entity1 scoring 1 or 2 at admission who achieved at least a level of supervision for UE dressing (a score of >or=5) using Wilcoxon 2-sample tests. RESULTS: The majority of OT time was spent in impairment-focused activities (37.5%) or training basic activities of daily living (31.9%). Treatment progressed to more advanced activities over time (eg, less bed mobility, more home management), yet little time was spent on community integration or leisure activities and with very few @entity1 . Successful @entity1 received more higher-level activities, whereas unsuccessful @entity1 received larger amounts of basic-level activities. CONCLUSIONS: OT activities focused on a combination of remediating impairments and retraining specific functional tasks, at the ability level of each individual @entity1 , and provided higher-level activities as @entity1 improved their function. More time in higher-level activities was related to greater success in rehabilitation. However, higher-level activities remain the least common activities provided during inpatient rehabilitation.

title: Characterizing occupational therapy practice in XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'People']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity210 , examine associations between @entity210 characteristics and these comorbidities and determine the role of @entity208 in any such relationships. METHOD: As part of a prospective cohort study, a baseline questionnaire was sent to 1805  @entity1 with @entity210 aged>= 18  years from UK primary care. @entity1 had a @entity210 diagnosis or prescriptions for @entity208 or @entity3812 in their medical records 2  years prior to baseline. Prevalence of @entity148 was defined using the Generalised @entity148 questionnaire and @entity308 using the @entity1 Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to examine any association between @entity210 characteristics (12-month attack frequency, @entity210 and @entity210 duration) and the presence of @entity148 or @entity308 . Crude and adjusted associations were reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Adjusted @entity210 characteristics were stratified by @entity208 use. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and eighty-four @entity1 responded to baseline (65.6%). Prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 were 10.0% and 12.6% respectively. There was no association between @entity210 characteristics and @entity148 . However, there was an association between attack frequency and @entity308 amongst those @entity210 @entity1 using @entity208 (2.87 [1.2 to 6.6]) and also between @entity210 and @entity308 (2.01 [1.2 to 3.3]), irrespective of @entity208 use (2.09 [1.1 to 4.0]) or not (2.64 [1.0 to 6.8]). CONCLUSION: @entity1 experiencing frequent @entity210 attacks or attacks in @entity2720 are likely to experience @entity308 , even when using @entity208 . @entity308 may influence medication adherence and participation in routine reviews, hence impacting adversely on @entity210 management outcomes.

title: Gout characteristics associate with @entity308 , but not XXXX , in primary care: Baseline findings from a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Anxiety Disorder']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['multiple joints']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['gout', 'oligo/polyarticular gout']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize an acquired, symmetric, demyelinating @entity1109 variant with distal sensory or sensorimotor features. BACKGROUND: Classic @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) @entity1 have prominent proximal and distal weakness. However, chronic @entity17 may present with different phenotypes. An approach that distinguishes these disorders primarily according to the pattern of weakness may be useful to the clinician. METHODS: A total of 53 @entity1 with acquired symmetric demyelinating @entity305 were classified primarily according to the pattern of the @entity16 and secondarily according to the presence and type of monoclonal protein ( @entity10805 ) in this retrospective review. The authors distinguished between @entity1 with distal sensory or sensorimotor involvement, designated as distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) @entity16 , from those with proximal and distal weakness, who were designated as @entity2646 . RESULTS: M-proteins were present in 22% of @entity1 with @entity2646 . There were no features that distinguished clearly between @entity2646 @entity1 with or without an @entity10805 , and nearly all of these @entity1 responded to immunomodulating therapy. In contrast, nearly two-thirds of the @entity1 with @entity17 had immunoglobulin M (IgM) kappa @entity1581 , and this specific combination predicted a poor response to immunomodulating therapy. Antimyelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) antibodies were present in 67% of these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Distinguishing acquired @entity17 by phenotype can often predict the presence of IgM kappa M-proteins, anti-MAG antibodies, and responses to immunomodulating therapy.

title: Distal acquired demyelinating symmetric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating neuropathies', 'DADS neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: A study of 83 @entity1 admitted with @entity548 in the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract is presented using a diagnostic approach primarily of angiography and colonoscopy with the adjunctive investigations of scintigraphy, small intestine series and computed tomographic scan. The source of @entity548 was identified preoperatively in 74 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 had a diagnostic laparotomy and the cause was found in an additional seven. A source was not identified in two @entity1 at exploration and a blind resection was not performed. The two @entity1 have not had recurrent @entity548 four and nine years postlaparotomy. The sites of @entity548 were colon in 44 @entity1 , small intestine in 24 and the anorectum in 11. Sixty-five @entity1 were treated operatively, two by angiographic embolization and two by endoscopic electrocoagulation. Fourteen @entity1 were managed conservatively. The mortality rate was 10.8 percent and five @entity1 rebled after treatment. We conclude that a thorough systematic assessment of @entity1 with @entity548 in the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract is important to localize the site of the @entity548 . Exploratory laparotomy is the final diagnostic modality, and if a source has not been identified, a blind colonic resection should not be performed.

title: Systematic assessment of XXXX of the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'massive bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['massive bleeding']


abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of a line selected for reproductive longevity (LP) to confront productive challenges compared to a line selected during 31 generations for litter size at weaning (V). A total of 133 reproductive @entity95 does were used (72 and 61 from LP and V lines, respectively). Within each line, three groups with different levels of productive effort were planned: PP9, inseminated at day 4 after the first partum and with nine kits during the second partum, and inseminated after first weaning (30 days) and with nine (PW9) or five kits (PW5) during the second partum. The reproductive performance, @entity558 (perirrenal fat thickness (PFT)) and lipolytic response were controlled. LP does showed greater mean live weight (LW; +128 g; P < 0.05), @entity15795 (+0.47 mm; P < 0.05) and estimated body energy (EBE; +0.29 MJ/kg; P < 0.01) than V does at second partum. However, LP does that mated at first post partum did not significantly differ in EBE relative to V does at second partum. During the first week of lactation, @entity62 ( @entity62 ) intake was similar for both lines (94 and 95 g @entity62 /kg LW0.75 day for V and LP does, respectively). There was a significant difference in milk yield between both lines during the first week when litter size was nine (60 v. 54 g of milk/kg LW0.75 day for LP and V does, respectively; P < 0.01), but no difference when litter size was five. Consequently, when litter size was nine, LP does showed a lower recovery of PFT (0.6 mm less; P < 0.05) than V does during the first 10 days of lactation. However, when litter size was five, LP does showed a higher LW (+210 g; P < 0.05) than V does at 10 days of lactation and a similar recovery of PFT. During the last 3 weeks of the lactation, LP does showed a higher feed intake (+6 g @entity62 /kg LW0.75 day; P < 0.05) and milk yield (+27 g/day; P < 0.001) than V does when litter size was nine, resulting in no significant differences in LW at 30 days of lactation. However, when litter size was five, both lines showed similar feed intake and milk yield, maintaining their differences in LW at 30 days of lactation (+206 g for LP does; P < 0.05). These results show that the @entity95 line selected for reproductive longevity is more robust with respect to coping with productive challenges, than a line selected for reproductive intensity.

title: Differences in productive robustness in XXXX selected for reproductive longevity or litter size.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['body condition']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: PURPOSE: A case of apparent @entity1445 of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors requiring hemodialysis is reported. SUMMARY: A 51-year-old white @entity1 (weight, 85 kg; height, 178 cm; body mass index, 28) with a history of @entity101 , @entity1643 , and @entity148 apparently took 27 @entity3593 10-mg tablets (3.18 mg/kg body weight) over a period of 3 or fewer days. The friend who brought him to the emergency department reported that the @entity1 was hard to rouse and was speaking incoherently on the day of admission. Over the previous few days, the @entity1 reportedly had @entity1833 , incoherence, and inarticulate speech. Laboratory tests, electrocardiography, and computed tomography were performed. The @entity1 was judged to have high-anion-gap @entity520 , @entity810 , severe @entity4144 , and @entity5925 . He was given three doses of @entity3045 via a nebulizer, three doses of @entity10041 1 g i.v., two doses of @entity4388 100 meq i.v., two doses of @entity25210 30 g orally, three doses of insulin 10 units i.v., and three doses of dextrose 25 g (as 50% @entity413 injection) i.v. He then underwent emergent hemodialysis and was admitted to the intensive care unit. The @entity1 's @entity911 abated, kidney function improved, and acid-base and electrolyte imbalances resolved. The @entity1 was discharged after 15 days. CONCLUSION: A @entity1 who had evidently taken an @entity1445 of @entity3593 had multiorgan dysfunction in the absence of @entity551 . The abnormalities resolved after he was treated for @entity520 and @entity4144 and received hemodialysis to remove the @entity3593 .

title: Apparent @entity3593 XXXX requiring hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity25210 :: ('MESH:C003321', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium polystyrene sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['overdose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11508 is standard therapy in @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Current recommendations suggest a dose of 20 mg/m(2) intravenously (IV) daily for 5 days every 4 weeks. However, this therapy is associated with frequent grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 , requiring dose delays and/or dose reductions ( @entity336 /DR). RESULTS: We investigated the outcomes of 122 @entity1 with @entity2590 who had @entity336 /DR of frontline @entity11508 therapy. Sixty-five @entity1 (53%) had DR by at least 25% or @entity336 (defined as a delay beyond 5 weeks between cycles). Thirty-five @entity1 (29%) underwent @entity336 /DR after achieving best objective response, 30 @entity1 (25%) underwent @entity336 /DR before best objective response, and 57 (54%) @entity1 had no @entity336 /DR. There was a trend for more durable responses in favor of @entity1 requiring @entity336 /DR after the achievement of best objective response (median not reached) (P = .161). Overall survival rates were significantly higher for @entity1 who had @entity336 /DR after best objective response compared with those who had @entity336 /DR before best objective response or those with no @entity336 /DR (30 vs. 22 vs. 11 months, respectively; P < .001). Progression-free survival (PFS) rates also trended higher for those with @entity336 /DR after best objective response (median not reached) compared with those who required @entity336 /DR before best objective response (median of 15 months) (P = .285). CONCLUSION: @entity336 /DR may be safely accomplished once the @entity1 has achieved best objective response (preferably complete remission [CR]) without impacting outcome. Prospective evaluation of an approach conceived of a loading dose for induction of a best objective response followed by a maintenance schedule is to be considered.

title: XXXX can be safely reduced after achievement of best objective response in @entity1 with @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ['Decitabine', 'decitabine']

answer: @entity11508 :: (MESH:C014347,Chemical) :: ['Decitabine']


abstract: To evaluate immediate @entity56 and environmental factors, 2,187 @entity56 @entity1 were given intradermal skin tests (ID test) and specific IgE antibodies (RAST) at Kudanzaka Hospital for 21 years (1967-1987). The incidence of positive ID test to @entity7678 ( @entity7678 ) was 23% at 1 year, 50% at 2 years, 63% at 3 years and 84% at 8 years of age. The results of average positive test obtained at an earlier age in 1975 and 1985 than in 1965. @entity1 born recently begin to have positive test scores earlier than those born between 1965 and 1969. This could be related to the recent increase in the number of @entity7678 mites. The incidence of positive ID test to @entity12261 pollen (sugi) was 5% at 1 year, 10% at 4 years, 16% at 8 years and 30% at 15 years of age. The positive test scores were again obtained at an earlier age in 1975 and 1985 than in 1965, in the same way as for @entity7678 mites. @entity1 born between 1965 and 1969 showed 30-60% positive rate after 13 years of age; this level was seen after 10 years of age in @entity1 born in 1975 and 1979, and after 6 years in those born between 1980-1984. This could be due to the recent increase in the amount of sugi pollen. Only Candida showed any significant rises in positive rate 27% at 1 year of age; slow increase was observed in the case of ragweed, molds, epidermals and others. No remarkable change was seen in ragweed and Alternaria at the years of examination and the years of birth.

title: [Evaluation of the relationship between immediate @entity56 and environmental factors by intracutaneous skin tests and specific IgE antibodies in @entity56 @entity1 . Part 2. The age distribution of immediate XXXX by intracutaneous skin test and radioallergosorbent test].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity12261 :: ('3369', 'Species') :: ['Japanese cedar']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Body @entity353 is a common but one of the most serious sequelae after gastrectomy. Ghrelin, a novel gastric hormone that up-regulates body weight through appetite control and metabolic reaction, seems to be affected by gastric surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: Early postoperative alteration of serum ghrelin was evaluated at days 3 and 7 after gastrectomy for 13 hospital @entity1 . In 64 outpatients who had previously undergone total gastrectomy (TG: 26 @entity1 ) or distal gastrectomy (DG: 38 @entity1 ) 4.6 months to 136 months (average, 41 months) earlier, the association between their serum ghrelin and @entity1243 levels and postoperative body weight was investigated. RESULTS: Serum ghrelin declined immediately and greatly after TG to 12% of the preoperative level (day 3 and day 7), whereas the decline was less significant after DG at 39% (day 3) and 56% (day 7). In outpatients, serum ghrelin after TG was very low compared with the control (18.6 fmol/mL versus 92.1 fmol/mL, P<0.0001), irrespective of the period after surgery, whereas the level after DG recovered and was equivalent to the control (73.4 fmol/mL, P=0.355). Body @entity353 was more apparent in TG @entity1 than in DG @entity1 , showing postoperative reduction of body mass index (DeltaBMI) -3.940 versus -1.949 (P<0.0001). Serum @entity1243 concentration, reflecting the systemic fat volume, significantly correlated with BMI in both TG and DG @entity1 , and tended to be lower in TG @entity1 than in DG @entity1 (800 pg/mL versus 1158 pg/mL, P=0.236). CONCLUSION: Persistent decline of serum ghrelin and body weight was observed commonly after total gastrectomy. Further study is needed as to whether or not ghrelin administration can improve the body weight level for these @entity1 .

title: Postoperative ghrelin levels and delayed recovery from body XXXX after distal or total gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between self reported job insecurity and incident @entity301 . DESIGN: A meta-analysis combining individual level data from a collaborative consortium and published studies identified by a systematic review. DATA SOURCES: We obtained individual level data from 13 cohort studies participating in the Individual- @entity1 -Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium. Four published prospective cohort studies were identified by searches of Medline (to August 2012) and Embase databases (to October 2012), supplemented by manual searches. REVIEW METHODS: Prospective cohort studies that reported risk estimates for clinically verified incident @entity301 by the level of self reported job insecurity. Two independent reviewers extracted published data. Summary estimates of association were obtained using random effects models. RESULTS: The literature search yielded four cohort studies. Together with 13 cohort studies with individual @entity1 data, the meta-analysis comprised up to 174,438 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 9.7 years and 1892 incident cases of @entity301 . Age adjusted relative risk of high versus low job insecurity was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.59). The relative risk of job insecurity adjusted for sociodemographic and risk factors was 1.19 (1.00 to 1.42). There was no evidence of significant differences in this association by sex, age (<50 v >=  50 years), national unemployment rate, welfare regime, or job insecurity measure. CONCLUSIONS: The modest association between perceived job insecurity and incident @entity301 is partly attributable to poorer socioeconomic circumstances and less favourable risk factor profiles among @entity1 with job insecurity.

title: Perceived job insecurity as a risk factor for incident XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Of 21 @entity235 undergoing ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 50% stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery, 15 developed intractable @entity2224 and underwent 1 added hour of femoro-femoral bypass. Three hearts were removed after 1 hour on bypass without myocardial reperfusion for biochemical and mitochondrial analysis. After the 1 hour, five underwent unmodified blood reperfusion on bypass; seven underwent 1 hour of aortic clamping on vented bypass to simulate coronary artery bypass grafting with multidose blood cardioplegic reperfusion. Regional systolic shortening was measured with ultrasonic crystals and cardiac output was measured by thermodilution techniques. All six hearts with no @entity2224 or with reversible @entity2224 and hearts that were not reperfused developed @entity1455 (40% decrease in @entity64 work index, p less than 0.05) because of persistent left @entity910 (-40% of systolic shortening, p less than 0.05) and progressive circumflex hypocontractility (48% systolic shortening, p less than 0.05) and showed extensive (68%) @entity5045 nonstaining. Two @entity235 died of left ventricular power failure (33% mortality rate). In contrast, 11 of 12 @entity235 that were reperfused could be weaned from bypass (8% mortality rate). The four @entity235 surviving after unmodified blood reperfusion (20% mortality rate) showed severe residual left @entity67 (39% of control @entity64 work index, p less than 0.05), had equivocal recovery of anterior contractility (10% +/- 7% of systolic shortening), had marginal recovery of contractility in the remote myocardium (60% +/- 11% of systolic shortening), and had extensive @entity5045 nonstaining (58%). Conversely, all seven @entity235 with intractable @entity2224 undergoing controlled reperfusion after 4 hours of @entity63 recovered @entity64 work index (91%), regained 23% of systolic shortening in the region supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery (p less than 0.05), 125% of systolic shortening in the circumflex region (p less than 0.05), and showed only 25% @entity5045 nonstaining (p less than 0.05). These results suggest aggressive treatment of intractable @entity2224 after @entity583 by providing reperfusion on bypass can salvage hearts thought previously to be damaged irreversibly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Studies on prolonged acute regional XXXX . IV. Aggressive surgical treatment for intractable @entity2224 after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'normal stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess healing in @entity1 with mixed @entity3179 after protocol-driven treatment in a specialist leg ulcer clinic. METHODS: The study included consecutive @entity1 referred with leg ulceration and @entity1211 over 6 years. Legs without @entity455 (ankle : brachial pressure index (ABPI) above 0.85) were treated with multilayer compression bandaging and @entity1 with severe disease (ABPI 0.5 or less) were considered for immediate revascularization. Those with moderate arterial compromise (ABPI above 0.5 up to 0.85) were initially managed with supervised modified compression and considered for revascularization if their ulcer did not heal. Healing rates were determined using life-table analysis. RESULTS: Of 2011 ulcerated legs, 1416 (70.4 per cent) had @entity1211 . Of these 1416, 193 (13.6 per cent) had moderate and 31 (2.2 per cent) had severe @entity455 . Healing rates by 36 weeks were 87, 68 and 53 per cent for legs with insignificant, moderate and severe @entity455 respectively (P < 0.001). Seventeen legs with moderate and 15 with severe @entity455 were revascularized. Of these, @entity1066 healed in four legs with moderate and seven with severe disease within 36 weeks of revascularization (P = 0.270). Combined 30-day mortality for revascularization was 6.5 per cent. CONCLUSION: A protocol including supervised modified compression and selective revascularization achieved good healing rates for mixed @entity3179 .

title: Management of mixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['arterial and venous leg ulcers', 'arterial and venous leg ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['arterial and venous leg ulcers']


abstract: Despite success in @entity378 control, multi-drug resistant @entity378 in Bangladesh is increasing and currently multi- @entity6371 rate is 3.6% in new cases and 19% in re-treatment cases. This study focused on determination of multi- @entity6371 which is warranted for effective prevention strategy. An unmatched case control study was conducted in 2010. Purposively recruited 136 culture-proved multi-drug-resistant- @entity378 cases and 152 cured @entity378 @entity1 were interviewed. Associations between exposure and outcome variables were initially tested by chi2-test, t-test. A result was considered significant at p value < 0.05. Effects of exposure variables were also assessed after adjusting for other variables by binary logistic regression models. Crude and adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval was computed. Younger age (p = 0.008) and, peri-urban locality (p = 0.002) were associated with multi- @entity6371 . History of contact (p < 0.001) and @entity378 in the past (p < 0.001) were four and eight times, respectively, more likely to influence multi- @entity6371 . Regularity [Odds Ratio 0.05; 95% Confidence Interval (0.01 to 0.39)] and always observation of treatment [Odds Ratio 0.25; 95% Confidence Interval (0.10 to 0.61)], sputum conversion [Odds Ratio 0.02; 95% Confidence Interval (0.01 to 0.08)] negatively associated with multi- @entity6371 . Gender and socio-economic status did not show any influence. Treatment course and sputum conversion was the best predictors. Like other developing countries adequacy of treatment is the most important exposure variable. Strengthening of control activities might contribute in preventing development of resistance in @entity378 @entity1 .

title: Risk factors of multi- XXXX in Bangladeshi population: a case control study.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant tuberculosis']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['drug-resistant tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if orally delivered @entity21819 will control @entity508 due to acquired @entity1545 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, with 2 8-week treatment arms separated by a 1-week washout period at baseline. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity21819 or a matching placebo. SETTING: Tertiary care outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation center attached to a university hospital. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 recruited in a consecutive manner, 9 of whom had suffered a @entity64 and 8 a @entity131 , and had more than 6 months of intractable @entity508 . INTERVENTION: Over a 6-week period, subjects were slowly titrated up to their maximum tolerated dose (up to 36 mg/d). Following a 1-week drug taper and 1-week period in which no study drug was administered, @entity1 were then crossed over to the other study medication following an identical titration regime. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects were evaluated for dose and effect throughout the trial as well as for side effects. Data for @entity2003 scores, @entity2473 scores, deep tendon reflex scores, and motor strength were collected on the affected upper extremity (UE) and lower extremity (LE). Differences over time were assessed via descriptive statistics, Friedman's analysis, and Wilcoxon's signed-rank. Data are reported as the mean +/- 1 standard deviation. RESULTS: Following 4 weeks of treatment when subjects reached their maximal tolerated dosage, the average LE Ashworth score on the affected side decreased from 2.3 +/- 1.4 to 1.7 +/- 1.1 (p <.0001). The @entity2473 score decreased from 1.0 +/- 0.9 to 0.5 +/- 0.8 (p =.0464), while the reflex score was not statistically significant decreasing from 2.2 +/- 1.0 to 2.0 +/- 1.1 (p =.0883). The average UE Ashworth score on the affected side decreased from 1.9 +/- 1.1 to 1.5 +/- 0.9 (p <.0001). There was no significant change in the UE @entity2473 and reflex scores. While there were positive placebo effects on motor tone, the active drug was still significantly better than placebo for decreasing LE tone (p =.0006) and UE tone (p =.0007). With a reduction in motor tone, there was an increase in motor strength (p =.0089). The average dosage at 4 weeks was 25.2mg/d. CONCLUSION: @entity21819 is effective in decreasing the @entity508 associated with acquired @entity1545 , which is dose-dependent. There are limitations on its use due to side effects related to drowsiness.

title: Prospective assessment of XXXX for @entity508 due to acquired @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['Ashworth rigidity']

entities_list: @entity21819 :: ('MESH:C023754', 'Chemical') :: ['Tizanidine', 'tizanidine']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic hypertonia']

answer: @entity21819 :: (MESH:C023754,Chemical) :: ['tizanidine']


abstract: The complete control of @entity6123 in post-surgical exocrine @entity3210 is difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association of @entity5616 with @entity644 in @entity1 who had undergone a pancreatoduodenectomy with suppression of the exocrine pancreatic secretion by @entity5758 injection. Ten @entity1 were studied 1 year after surgery. @entity6123 was measured as an integrated test of 3-day stools, while @entity1 were kept on a diet of 100 g lipid/day, with their usual enzyme supplementation therapy (16,050 USP units of lipase/meal). A basal 24-h gastroenteric pH profile was also obtained. In the following month, @entity1 had @entity5616 (150 mg twice a day) in addition to pancrelipase. Then @entity6123 and gastroenteric pH were reassessed. Mean fecal fat was 26.9 (SD 13.7) g/day without @entity5616 and 30.5 (SD 13.9) g/day during combined treatment. Body weight and nutritional parameters did not show any significant variation after @entity5616 administration. Even in the absence of @entity5616 , postprandial gastroenteric pH values were always > 4; the H2-receptor antagonist only reduced fasting @entity356 . In conclusion, the gastroenteric pH and fecal fat determinations showed that @entity5616 is not useful in @entity1 with total postsurgical exocrine @entity3210 .

title: Fat absorption and gastroenteric pH profile in postsurgical XXXX : role of the association of H2-receptor antagonists with pancreatic enzymes.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['pancrelipase om fecal fat excretion']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['Steatorrhea', 'steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5758 :: ('MESH:D009387', 'Chemical') :: ['Neoprene']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric acidity']

answer: @entity3210 :: (MESH:D010188,Disease) :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The debilitating symptoms and physical changes from @entity699 may resolve after treatment, but the time course to resolution is not well established. METHODS: Between February 1995 and May 2007, 60 @entity1 underwent adrenalectomy for @entity699 . Pre-operative and operative variables were collected from a prospective database. Long-term follow-up was obtained via @entity1 survey. RESULTS: Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed in 53% and a bilateral adrenalectomy in 47% of @entity1 . Median time to diagnosis was 24 months (range, 1-384). Three percent had intra-operative complications, and 28% developed @entity532 . @entity230 were required post-operatively for a median of 30 months after unilateral adrenalectomy (range, 0-96). At a median follow-up of 3.7 years (range, 0-13.3), 85% of @entity1 are still alive. The majority of the physical changes resolved after adrenalectomy. The time to symptom resolution varied from a few weeks to up to 4 years. Most of the physical changes resolved by a mean of 7-9 months after surgery. Quality of life improved in 78% of @entity1 , with 68% improving dramatically (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Adrenalectomy can provide excellent palliation of the symptoms of @entity701 excess and can dramatically improve @entity1 quality of life, but both @entity1 and physicians must know that these changes may take years.

title: Waiting for change: symptom resolution after adrenalectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: Ovarian granulosa cells are the primary site of @entity172 and @entity1420 synthesis and play an essential role in the maturation of the developing ovum. Freshly isolated granulosa cells are often used to study the regulation of @entity134 and protein biosynthesis, but the small number of cells available for these cultures has proven inadequate for many detailed gene regulatory studies. The goal of this study was to develop @entity1 granulosa (HG) cell lines that maintain differentiated function. The @entity32454 open reading frames of high risk strains of @entity1082 have been used to produce immortalized cell lines. Primary cultures of @entity1 luteinized granulosa cells were infected with defective retroviruses containing the @entity32454 regions of @entity1799 and with the @entity5154 phosphotransferase gene to confer G418 resistance. Three of eight clones that were isolated after selection in medium containing G418 were found to produce @entity1420 following treatment with @entity1928 or @entity8279 for 48 h. @entity1928 caused these cells to retract in the characteristic rounding response, as described in primary HG cultures. One clone, HGL5, was used for a detailed characterization of differentiated function. HGL5 cells retained the ability to increase @entity1420 production and convert exogenously added @entity2671 to @entity53 in response to agonists of the protein kinase-A pathway ( @entity1928 and @entity8279 ), but were not responsive to FSH or LH treatment. A key enzyme in the production of @entity53 , cytochrome P450 aromatase, has proven difficult to maintain in long term cultures of granulosa cells. For that reason, we examined the expression of aromatase in the transformed HGL5 clone by monitoring mRNA levels. Aromatase mRNA increased by 4- to 5-fold after @entity1928 treatment, as determined by Northern analysis. This @entity1 granulosa cell culture line maintains many of the functions of normal cells and should provide an important model to study the molecular events controlling granulosa cell differentiation and function.

title: Transformation of @entity1 granulosa cells with the @entity32454 regions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus 16']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between physical activity, comorbidity severity, @entity308 , and health-related quality of life in @entity6 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All individuals, 200 @entity1 and 50 controls, aged from 40 to 60 years, were investigated by interview, and all variables were measured concurrently. Physical activity was evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) by the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), comorbidity severity by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and @entity308 by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II > 16). Single and multiple regression analysis evaluated the effects of independent variables on physical activity. RESULTS: The @entity1 had more @entity308 and greater comorbidity severity (p < 0.005). @entity6 @entity1 showed better activity levels (IPAQ) (p < 0.005). Functional Capacity, General State of Health, and Physical Limitation were the most affected subscales in the SF-36 evaluation of the HRQL. Sedentary @entity6 @entity1 had higher waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratios, more @entity308 , and worse HRQL. Functional capacity (p = 0.000), followed by General State of Health (p = 0.02), were the health status measure subscales independently associated with physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that increasing @entity1 independence and treating @entity308 can promote physical activity for @entity6 @entity1 . It is suggested that group activities and caregivers/family support might compensate for the @entity1 dependence, and increase adherence to exercise programs in those that are less active.

title: Associations among physical activity, comorbidities, @entity308 and health-related quality of life in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Nociceptin/ @entity21458 ( @entity21458 ) has been demonstrated to modulate nociceptive transmission via selective activation of @entity21458 peptide ( @entity21457 ) receptors. Despite huge research efforts, the role(s) of the endogenous @entity21458 - @entity21457 receptor system in @entity158 processing remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous @entity21458 in the processing of tonic nociceptive input. To address this issue the effects of @entity21457 -selective antagonists [Nphe1, @entity534 14,Lys15] @entity21458 -NH2 ( @entity40456 ) and @entity46775 on nociceptive behaviour, and the nociceptive phenotype of @entity21457 receptor-deficient @entity19 were tested in the @entity19 @entity406 test. Twenty microliters of 1.5% @entity406 solution was injected subcutaneously into the right hind paw causing a characteristic pattern of nociceptive behaviours (licking, biting and lifting of the injected paw). In control @entity19 , the injection of @entity406 resulted in a classical biphasic nociceptive response with the first phase lasting from 0 to 10 min and the second phase from 15 to 45 min. @entity40456 at 10 nmol/ @entity19 (but not at 1 nmol/mouse) produced antinociceptive action when injected intracerebroventricularly and a pronociceptive action when given intrathecally. Systemic administration of @entity46775 (10 mg/kg, intravenously) and the genetic ablation of the @entity21457 receptor gene both produced a significant increase of @entity19 nociceptive behaviour. Collectively, these results demonstrate that endogenous @entity21458 - @entity21457 receptor signalling is activated during the @entity19 @entity406 test producing spinal antinociceptive and supraspinal pronociceptive effects. The overall effect of blocking @entity21457 receptor signalling, by either systemic pharmacological antagonism or genetic ablation, indicates that the spinal antinociceptive action prevails over supraspinal pronociceptive effects.

title: Endogenous nociceptin/ @entity21458 signalling produces opposite spinal antinociceptive and supraspinal pronociceptive effects in the @entity19 XXXX test: pharmacological and genetic evidences.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the noninferiority of 2 intramammary treatments for nonsevere clinical @entity1271 . The 2 treatments were a first-generation @entity5898 ( @entity8900 , 2 treatments 12h apart) and a third-generation @entity5898 ( @entity21563 , treatments once a day for 5d). A total of 296 cases on 7 farms met the enrollment criteria for the study. @entity22193 was the most common bacterial species identified in milk samples from @entity291 with mild to moderate clinical @entity1271 , followed by @entity526 , other esculin-positive cocci, @entity8211 , and @entity4005 spp. Treatment was randomly allocated as either @entity8900 or @entity21563 via intramammary infusion according to label standards. Bacteriological cure was defined based on 2 posttreatment milk samples taken at 10 and 17d after enrollment. Noninferiority of @entity8900 relative to ceftiofur was shown for bacteriological cure of gram-positive cases and for clinical cure of all cases. Ceftiofur showed a significantly higher bacteriological cure in gram-negative cases. Treatments showed no significant difference in bacteriological cure of all cases and in time to exit from the study, where the absence of a difference does not imply noninferiority. Based on the findings from this study, farm-specific treatment protocols that differ for gram-positive and gram-negative cased may be developed.

title: Noninferiority trial comparing a first-generation @entity5898 with a third-generation @entity5898 in the treatment of nonsevere clinical XXXX in dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity21563 :: ('MESH:C053503', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftiofur hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis']

entities_list: @entity22193 :: ('1334', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus dysgalactiae']

entities_list: @entity8900 :: ('MESH:D002514', 'Chemical') :: ['cephapirin sodium', 'cephapirin']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new local, endoscopically controlled therapeutic concept based on the selective sensitization of malignant and @entity1613 prior to light-induced tissue destruction. @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) appears to be a promising alternative photosensitizer with a high mucosa specificity without @entity6337 side effects on the skin. The authors report on their experiences with this new form of PDT in 27 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 (6 females and 21 males; ages 47-79 years) with histologically proven high grade @entity1141 (n = 9) and early @entity189 (normal endoultrasonography or classified as uT1N0M0; n = 19; 1 @entity1 had 2 lesions) of the esophagus were included in this study. Approximately 4-6 hours after oral ingestion of @entity2518 in a dosage of 60 mg/kg of body weight, laser light irradiation was conducted with a dye laser system with a wavelength of 635 nanometers at a light dose of 150 J/cm(2). RESULTS: The length of the segment of the esophagus with severe @entity1141 or @entity189 of the mucosa varied between 0.5-9.0 cm (mean length, 2.5 cm). High grade @entity1141 was eradicated in all @entity1 . In addition, 19 @entity5 in 18 @entity1 were treated successfully in 10 of 19 cases with an average of 1.7 treatment sessions and a mean follow-up of 16.9 months (range, 3-37 months). Method-related morbidity and mortality were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12341 and superficial (</=2 mm) mucosal @entity189 can be ablated completely by @entity2518 -PDT. @entity4906 with @entity2518 has few side effects and might offer an alternative to esophagectomy or radiochemotherapy.

title: Photodynamic destruction of high grade @entity1141 and early XXXX after the oral administration of @entity2518 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity12341 :: ('MESH:C563736', 'Disease') :: ['Severe dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']


abstract: Most laboratory studies of @entity1167 use models of @entity2224 , but in the emergency room, operating room or intensive care unit, @entity1167 frequently results from @entity1763 . We sought to investigate the effect of different durations of @entity1167 secondary to @entity1763 on @entity296 after resuscitation. In a laboratory based experimental series, anaesthetized @entity35 received either 4 or 8 min of asphyxial @entity1167 , and following standardized resuscitation, serial transthoracic echocardiography was performed. Severe @entity308 of left ventricular fractional @entity3207 occurred in both groups with partial recovery only in the 4-min arrest group, while left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was increased in the 4-min group. The pH, @entity3157 and SBE were reduced in both groups after resuscitation, but the degree of @entity520 was greater in the 8-min group. In this model, transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated both @entity7099 following asphyxial @entity1167 , and a clear dose-effect relationship between duration of @entity1763 and degree of impairment. A shorter duration of @entity1763 was associated with a lesser increase in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, compared with more protracted @entity1763 ; the shorter arrest was associated with better recovery of contractile function and @entity520 . Increased duration of @entity1763 causes @entity299 . These findings may have significant implications for resuscitative therapeutics. ECHO assessment may permit specific targeting of therapy directed towards systolic or diastolic function during CPR.

title: The effect of global hypoxia on XXXX after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a laboratory model.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial function']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['increased systolic and diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

entities_list: @entity7099 :: ('MESH:C564174', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic impairment']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial function']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of the subglottic secretion drainage on the morbidity of ventilator associated @entity55 in mechanically ventilated @entity1 . METHODS: All cases requiring intubation in SICU were intubated with a special type endotracheal tube which has a small-bore cannula in its wall for subglottic secretion drainage. They were randomly divided into two groups received subglottic secretion drainage( @entity15838 ) and usual care(NON- @entity15838 ) respectively. Bacterial culture of samples from the oropharynx, subglottic secretions and lower respiratory tract were obtained periodically. The amount of subglottic secretion aspirated daily, ventilated days and the number of cases with VAP were recorded. Etiologic diagnosis of VAP was based on the quantitative bacterial culture of secretions obtained by protected specimen brush(PSB). RESULTS: The morbidity of VAP in the @entity15838 group (n = 35) (23%) was lower than that in the NON- @entity15838 group (n = 33) (45%) (P < 0.05). The difference was due to the significant reduction of VAP caused by gram-positive cocci and @entity327 organisms. However, no difference was observed in the incidence of VAP caused by non-fermental bacteria. After intubation the onset of VAP was delayed in @entity15838 group (14 +/- 8 day) as compared with the NON- @entity15838 group (6 +/- 4 day) (P < 0.05). The same organisms were isolated by PSB among 61% (14/23) @entity1 with VAP as what were previously isolated from the subglottic secretions. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of subglottic secretion may be an origin of the pathogenetic organisms of VAP. The morbidity of VAP in mechanically ventilated @entity1 can be reduced by @entity15838 , especially for VAP caused by gram-positive cocci and @entity327 organisms. @entity15838 may be a simple and effective method for prevention of VAP.

title: [Influence of the subglottic secretion drainage on the morbidity of ventilator associated XXXX in mechanically ventilated @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to determine the frequency of genomic imbalances in neonates with @entity600 by using targeted array-based comparative genomic hybridization, also known as chromosomal microarray analysis. METHODS: Between March 2006 and September 2007, 638 neonates with various @entity600 were referred for chromosomal microarray analysis. Three consecutive chromosomal microarray analysis versions were used: bacterial artificial chromosome-based versions V5 and V6 and bacterial artificial chromosome emulated oligonucleotide-based version V6 Oligo. Each version had targeted but increasingly extensive genomic coverage and interrogated>150 disease loci with enhanced coverage in genomic rearrangement-prone pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. RESULTS: Overall, 109 (17.1%) @entity1 were identified with clinically significant abnormalities with detection rates of 13.7%, 16.6%, and 19.9% on V5, V6, and V6 Oligo, respectively. The majority of these abnormalities would not be defined by using karyotype analysis. The clinically significant detection rates by use of chromosomal microarray analysis for various clinical indications were 66.7% for "possible @entity2008 "+/-"others" (other clinical indications), 33.3% for @entity4998 +/-others, 27.1% for @entity154 + @entity154 +/-others, 24.6% for @entity154 +/-others, 21.8% for @entity299 +/-others, 17.9% for @entity154 +/-others, and 9.5% for the @entity1 referred for others that were different from the groups defined. In all, 16 (2.5%) @entity1 had chromosomal aneuploidies, and 81 (12.7%) @entity1 had segmental aneusomies including common microdeletion or microduplication syndromes and other genomic disorders. Chromosomal mosaicism was found in 12 (1.9%) neonates. CONCLUSIONS: Chromosomal microarray analysis is a valuable clinical diagnostic tool that allows precise and rapid identification of genomic imbalances and mosaic abnormalities as the cause of @entity600 in neonates. Chromosomal microarray analysis allows for timely molecular diagnoses and detects many more clinically relevant genomic abnormalities than conventional cytogenetic studies, enabling more informed decision-making and management and appropriate assessment of recurrence risk.

title: Genomic imbalances in neonates with XXXX : high detection rates by using chromosomal microarray analysis.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features', 'multiple congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['ambiguous genitalia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['birth defects']


abstract: In the past 5 years we have observed 27 @entity1 at the age from 3 days to 8 years who died on the @entity751 with @entity528 (Reye). According to the morphological changes in the liver and to the clinical course, we have divided our cases into 3 groups. In the first group there were 20 @entity1 who died within 2-10 days after the first symptoms of the disease appeared. In their liver diffuse @entity528 was found. In the second group there were 3 @entity1 who died within 1-2 months after the acute onset of the disease. In their @entity1575 with bile duct proliferation and @entity1560 were found. In the third group there were 4 @entity1 who died within 2-4 months after the first symptoms. Their liver showed @entity82 . The bacteriological and virological investigations in all cases were negative, but in the most of them direct contacts with @entity1800 were proved. In the liver specimens of the @entity1 in all 3 groups the presence of @entity4078 chromatographically and spectrophotometrically was found. The source of the intoxication in 5 cases was @entity11189 contaminated milk food. Our observations of 2 - 3 - days old newborns with the morphological changes similar to that of @entity5868 seems to support our hypothesis about the possibility of the intrauterine intoxication. We suggest that @entity11189 represents an important factor in the etiology of this syndrome and a high risk for @entity1 health.

title: XXXX and encephalopathy with @entity528 (Reye).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity5868 :: ('MESH:D012202', 'Disease') :: ["Reye's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['encephalic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4078 :: ('MESH:D016604', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin B1']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration of the viscera', 'fatty degeneration']

answer: @entity11189 :: (MESH:D000348,Chemical) :: ['Aflatoxin']


abstract: We have studied changes in the IGF axis in an ovine model of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), in order to determine the relationship between time-based changes in post- @entity1188 myocardium and IGF levels. IGF localization was studied by immunocytochemistry, production by in situ hybridization, and specific binding by radioligand studies. In surviving tissue, @entity442 peptide localized to cardiomyocytes, with strongest immunostaining at 1 and 2 days post- @entity1188 in the immediate border area adjoining the @entity1188 , where @entity442 mRNA also increased, reaching a maximum at 2 days. Binding of radiolabelled @entity442 in surviving tissue was initially lower than that seen in cardiomyocytes in control myocardium, subsequently increasing to become significantly greater by 6 days post- @entity1188 . In @entity39 tissue, @entity442 peptide was still detectable in cardiomyocytes at 0.5 days post- @entity1188 , but had cleared from this area by 1 day, becoming detectable again at 6 days post- @entity1188 in macrophages and fibroblasts infiltrating the repair zone. @entity442 mRNA was not detected in @entity39 tissue until 6 days, when probe hybridized to macrophages and fibroblasts. Within the @entity39 zone, high levels of radiolabelled @entity442 binding to a combination of receptors and binding proteins were observed in cardiomyocytes in islands of viable tissue located close to the border. Weak immunostaining for @entity5100 was observed in cardiomyocytes of the surviving tissue. @entity5100 mRNA was not detected in either surviving or @entity39 areas. Binding of radiolabelled @entity5100 was predominantly to macrophages in both surviving and @entity1188 areas, although as with @entity442 , high levels of binding of radiolabelled @entity5100 to a combination of receptors and binding proteins were observed in islands of viable tissue close to the border within the @entity39 area. We conclude that, following @entity583 , surviving cardiomyocytes at the @entity1188 border show marked changes in @entity442 localization, production, and specific binding, indicating that the IGF axis is directly involved in post- @entity1188 events, possibly in the maintenance of cardiac function by the induction of @entity1184 and in cell survival by decreasing apoptotic cell death, which has been demonstrated in other cell types.

title: Changes in IGFs in cardiac tissue following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of single doses of intramuscular @entity6058 and oral @entity5018 in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) treatment of acute @entity158 . DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of data collected during a prospective survey of @entity158 management efficacy. The design was noninterventional, and therapy was selected by the treating physician independent of the trial. SETTING: Urban teaching hospital adult @entity1 @entity341 . @entity1 : A convenience sample of @entity341 @entity1 in acute @entity158 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received @entity5018 800 mg po (n = 95), or @entity6058 60 mg im (n = 30) as a single dose. Therapy was selected by the treating physician and was not influenced by the study. RESULTS: Data collected were a 100-mm visual analog @entity158 scale at @entity1 arrival and discharge, verbal description of @entity158 relief, @entity1 demographics, @entity158 management data, and discharge diagnosis. Baseline @entity158 intensity was higher in @entity1 receiving @entity6058 (77 mm median) than in those receiving @entity5018 (65 mm, p = 0.02). @entity158 relief was similar (p = 0.29) with either treatment when assessed by visual analog scale or @entity1 definition of @entity158 relief. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of either nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug produced similar @entity158 relief in the general @entity341 population during clinical treatment of @entity158 . @entity6058 should not necessarily be considered a more effective analgesic than @entity5018 in these commonly used doses.

title: NSAID use and efficacy in the @entity341 : single doses of oral @entity5018 versus intramuscular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac', 'Ketorolac']

answer: @entity6058 :: (MESH:D020910,Chemical) :: ['ketorolac']


abstract: @entity101 and @entity407 belong to the most important and most frequent cardiovascular risk-factors. It is known that @entity101 @entity1 show @entity1007 more often than normotonic @entity1 and some of the mechanisms causing this unfavourable combination seem to be disclosed. METHOD AND RESULTS: During the important Swiss research-exhibition Heureka (april to november 1991) in Z  rich, blood pressure (BD), pulse, @entity165 and in 822 probands additionally HDL, were investigated in 11,997 volunteers. Cardiovascular risk-factors were registered by means of a questionnaire. 10,892 completed questionnaires (5973 female, 4919 male probands) could be used for this analysis intended to answer the question whether a relation between blood pressure and @entity165 exists. Stratification and multivariate analysis allowed consideration of certain factors that could possibly influence the results (anthropometry, age). A separate multiple linear regression analysis with @entity165 as dependent variable was made for female and male probands respectively whereby regression coefficients for systolic and diastolic blood pressure values remained significant (p < 0.001). In the highest @entity165 -quintile 36.4% @entity101 probands (in the lowest 6%) were found. Distribution of @entity165 was distinctly different in a group with diastolic blood pressure values < 70 mmHg compared to the group with values > 100 mmHg. Higher diastolic pressures were associated with higher @entity165 values even after stratification in age-classes and diastolic pressure classes. CONCLUSIONS: These results underline the hypothesis, that @entity165 modifies blood pressure. Thus the relevance of a disturbed lipid metabolism for accompanying @entity101 seems to be confirmed and an adapted antihypertensive therapy considering all risk factors is proposed as the most successful strategy.

title: [Correlation between disorders of lipid metabolism and XXXX in 10,892 @entity1 in the Heureka Study].

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesteremia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']