abstract: BACKGROUND: Bridging therapy plays an increasingly important role in the management of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) awaiting liver transplantation (LT). Combination therapy with drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB- @entity3375 ) and percutaneous thermal ablation, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or microwave ablation (MWA), has shown success at prolonging survival and bridging @entity1 to LT. However, few studies have evaluated the two combination therapy regimens head-to-head at a single institution, and fewer have compared histopathology. This retrospective study compares @entity5 coagulation on explanted livers in @entity1 with @entity157 treated with DEB- @entity3375 sequentially combined with RFA versus MWA. METHODS: From 2005 to 2015, 42 sequential @entity1 underwent combination therapy prior to LT by Milan criteria, with 11 @entity1 (11 @entity5 ; mean, 2.9 cm; range, 1.8-4.3 cm) in the DEB- @entity3375 /RFA cohort and 31 @entity1 (40 @entity5 ; mean, 2.4 cm; range, 1.1-5.4 cm) in the DEB- @entity3375 /MWA cohort. The mean @entity3375 procedures in the RFA and MWA cohorts were 1.3 (range, 1-2) and 1.3 (range, 1-3), respectively. The mean thermal ablations in the RFA and MWA cohorts were 1.2 (range, 1-2) and 1.3 (range, 1-3), respectively. @entity5 coagulation was evaluated on explanted livers. RESULTS: Mean @entity5 coagulation in the RFA and MWA cohorts were 88.9% (range, 0-100%) and 90.5% (range, 30-100%), respectively (P=0.82). Rates of complete @entity5 coagulation in the RFA and MWA cohorts were 45% and 53%, respectively (P=0.74). No difference in @entity5 coagulation was found between the cohorts when separating @entity5 <3 cm (P=0.21) and >3 cm (P=0.09). Among all 51 @entity5 , the 36 in complete response (CR) on imaging at LT demonstrated mean @entity5 coagulation of 95.8%. No correlation was found between @entity5 coagulation and initial @entity5 size or time interval to LT. No @entity5 seeding was seen along the ablation tracts. CONCLUSIONS: RFA and MWA in sequential combination with DEB- @entity3375 , used as a bridge to LT, are equally efficacious at inducing @entity96 coagulation.

title: Radiofrequency and microwave ablation in combination with transarterial chemoembolization induce equivalent histopathologic coagulation necrosis in @entity157 XXXX bridged to liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['HCC tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trials are the foundation underlying clinical decision-making. However, stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria may reduce the generalizability of their results, especially for @entity1 seen in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Guideline recommendations, based on clinical trials and pertinent registries, apply to broad populations, but not all @entity1 cared for at the bedside fit the predefined categories that make guidelines practical. Furthermore, these documents may not incorporate the latest evidence. As a result, other factors (eg, individual @entity1 characteristics, clinician experience, cost, regulatory labels, expert opinions) often result in clinical decision-making that varies from strict adherence to guideline recommendations. OBJECTIVES: These challenges demonstrate a need to integrate clinical data and guidelines advice with actual @entity341 practice in a manner that will be consistent with decisions made later in the continuum of care. DISCUSSION: In recognition of these issues, a roundtable was convened in New York City on June 5, 2009, to discuss the implications of recent trials involving @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 . Eight physicians, representing both emergency medicine and cardiology, shared information on advances and clinical trial results in antiplatelet treatment, guidelines, and other developments in @entity1 care. This article is based on transcripts of their presentations and the ensuing discussions that were of particular importance for emergency physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Although guidelines and clinical registries can provide broad direction for practice, there is no substitute for a prospective, multidisciplinary, institution-specific, consistent, evidence-based approach to @entity1 management.

title: XXXX to catheterization laboratory: a roundtable integrating trials with practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination bevacizumab/pemetrexed for the treatment of recurrent @entity43 ( @entity43 ). METHODS: @entity902 -sensitive or -resistant @entity1 with recurrent or persistent @entity43 were eligible if they had received up to 2 prior chemotherapy regimens, including a @entity902 / @entity3907 regimen without prior bevacizumab. Pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) IV and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV were administered every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS); other endpoints included @entity137 , PFS and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 received a median of 7 treatment cycles (range, 2-26). Median follow-up was 25.7 months (range, 3.0-47.2). Six month progression-free survival (PFS) was 56% (95% CI: 38-71). The following response rates were documented (%; 95% CI): 0 complete response, 14 partial responses (41%; 25-59), 18 stable disease (53%; 35-70) and 2 progressive disease (6%; 1-20). Median PFS was 7.9 months (95% CI, 4.6-10.9), with a median OS of 25.7 months (95% CI, 15.4-29.8). Twenty-two @entity1 (64.7%) had a @entity902 -free interval (PFI) of >6 months prior to enrollment. Grade 3-4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 (50%), @entity1431 (26%), @entity882 (12%) and @entity417 (9%). Non-hematologic grade 3-4 @entity137 included metabolic (29%), constitutional (18%), @entity158 (18%) and gastrointestinal (15%). Two @entity1 developed @entity1583 within one year of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Combination bevacizumab/pemetrexed is an active option for both @entity902 -sensitive and -resistant recurrent @entity43 . Further investigation of cost and novel @entity137 associated with this regimen may be warranted.

title: Phase II study of bevacizumab and pemetrexed for recurrent or persistent epithelial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile and outcome of victims of @entity3511 who underwent laparotomy in the Emergency Hospital of the state of Sergipe (HUSE). METHODS: This was an observational, descriptive longitudinal study with prospective approach, through interviews of 100 @entity1 with @entity1661 who underwent surgery and evaluation of their medical records. The study period was from September to November of 2011 in the area of @entity130 care of the HUSE. RESULTS: the most affected individuals were male, mulattos, aged 25-49 years, with low education, single, Catholic, with an income of 1-2 minimum wages. There was a predominance of @entity130 in the urban areas, at night and on weekends. The most frequent cause of @entity130 was the attempted of murder associated with the use of @entity167 and illicit drugs, and the most frequent mechanism, stabbing. The @entity158 was the most frequent symptom. The most affected region was the upper abdomen and liver was the most affected organ. The hospital stay averaged 4-10 days. Most @entity1 were discharged without sequelae. There were 2 @entity204 . CONCLUSION: In the HUSE, the association of @entity1661 with @entity1 under the influence of @entity167 and illegal drugs was striking, reflecting the context of interpersonal violence in current society. Despite the magnitude of the @entity130 , the outcome was satisfactory, although @entity204 , occurred, demonstrating the importance of keeping a trained surgical team in emergency hospitals.

title: Epidemiological evaluation of XXXX submitted to surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma victims']


abstract: A high-performance, environmentally friendly water treatment system was developed. The system consists mainly of an electrochemical and a photocatalytic oxidation unit, with a @entity9725 -doped @entity11710 (BDD) electrode and @entity3759 photocatalyst, respectively. All electric power for the mechanical systems and the electrolysis was able to be provided by photovoltaic cells. Thus, this system is totally driven by solar energy. The treatment ability of the electrolysis and photocatalysis units was investigated by @entity3971 degradation kinetics. An observed rate constant of 5.1 x 10(-3)dm(3)cm(-2)h(-1) was calculated by pseudo-first-order kinetic analysis for the electrolysis, and a Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate constant of 5.6 microM(-1)min(-1) was calculated by kinetic analysis of the photocatalysis. According to previous reports, these values are sufficient for the mineralization of @entity3971 . In a treatment test of river water samples, large amounts of chemical and biological contaminants were totally wet-incinerated by the system. This system could provide 12L/day of drinking water from the Tama River using only solar energy. Therefore, this system may be useful for supplying drinking water during a disaster.

title: Development of solar-driven electrochemical and photocatalytic water treatment system using a XXXX -doped @entity11710 electrode and @entity3759 photocatalyst.

answer: @entity9725 :: (MESH:D001895,Chemical) :: ['boron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term outcome of bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital @entity1167 in Estonia by using the survival rate and quality of life assay. METHODS: All resuscitation attempts made from 01.01.1999 to 31.12.2002 in Estonia were retrospectively screened for bystander-witnessed adult out-of-hospital @entity1167 of cardiac origin. The @entity1 who survived hospital discharge were included in the study. Their long-term survival data were retrieved from Estonian Population Registry on March 15, 2004. Quality of life was assessed by RAND-36 questionnaire. Comparisons were made with population norms, and @entity1 suffering from @entity583 or @entity951 . RESULTS: 854 bystander-witnessed resuscitation attempts were made in four years. 91 @entity1 (10.7%) survived to hospital discharge. Their one-year survival rate was 77.0% and five-year survival rate 64.3%. 44 @entity1 responded to quality of life questionnaire, sent 16-62 months after out-of-hospital @entity1167 (response rate 77.2%). Respondents rated their quality of life significantly worse than general population in five out of eight categories. The out-of-hospital @entity1167 survivors with known @entity65 in history (n=30) had quality of life similar to @entity1 suffering from @entity583 or @entity951 who had not required resuscitation. CONCLUSION: In Estonia majority of bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital @entity1167 who survive hospital discharge are alive one and also more than three years after resuscitation. Their quality of life is worse than that of general population.

title: Long-term outcome of bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital XXXX in Estonia from 1999 to 2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'cardiac arrests', 'cardiac arrest victims']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: @entity808 are rare benign neurogenic @entity5 that show differentiation of Schwann cells that form the @entity1274 . Only five reports of eyelid @entity808 in adults have been found in the English literature. We report the unusual cases of two females, aged 41 and 70 years, who developed eyelid @entity808 . Neither @entity5 was diagnosed clinically; both were erroneously considered as epidermal inclusion cysts. The masses were surgically removed by excisional biopsy. The histopathological examination showed encapsulated @entity5 composed of interlacing bundles of spindle cells with slightly wavy nuclei. Immunocytochemistry for @entity4483 protein was strongly positive. The diagnosis of @entity808 was made. After 12 and 2 years of follow-up, no recurrences have been observed. This entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the eyelid: report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Schwannomas', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural sheath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'eyelid tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Schwannoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether @entity5 cells can be identified histologically in the tissues surrounding a soft tissue @entity242 and whether their presence correlates with increased T(2)-weighted signal intensity on MRI. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifteen @entity1 with a high-grade extremity or truncal soft tissue @entity242 underwent preoperative MRI. The extent of high T(2)-weighted signal changes in the tissues surrounding @entity5 , thought to represent peritumoral @entity4 /reactive changes, was determined. Twelve @entity1 received i.v. @entity2287 , and contrast enhancement was determined. All @entity1 underwent surgical resection in the absence of preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The presence of @entity5 cells in the surrounding tissues was determined histologically in representative @entity982 -embedded sections and correlated with the MRI findings. RESULTS: The extent of peritumoral T(2)-weighted MRI signal changes ranged from 0 to 7.1 cm (mean, 2.5 cm); contrast enhancement ranged from 0 to 5.3 cm (mean, 1.1 cm). @entity242 cells were identified histologically in the tissues beyond the @entity5 in 10 of 15 cases. In 6 cases, @entity5 cells were located within 1 cm of the @entity5 margin, and in 4 cases, malignant cells were found at a distance >1 cm and up to a maximum of 4 cm. The location of @entity5 cells beyond the margin did not correlate with @entity5 size nor did it correlate with the location or extent of peritumoral changes. CONCLUSION: The ability to identify @entity5 cells beyond the margin of a soft tissue @entity242 has important implications in planning appropriate targets for treatment. This could influence the use of new radiotherapy technologies such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy that aim to minimize treatment volumes through conformal planning.

title: Histologic assessment of peritumoral @entity4 in soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'satellite tumor']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important receptors mediating innate immune responses because they detect factors released from bacterial cell wall components during inflammatory reactions. However, the role of TLRs in dental pulp, which is bounded by hard tissues, is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the innate immune system and the defense of pulp tissue by using immunodeficient @entity19 that lack an adaptive immune response METHODS: @entity19 with @entity466 ( @entity466 ) were used as a model because they lack an adaptive immune response. The expression of @entity8932 and @entity1990 in experimentally inflamed pulps in @entity466 @entity19 was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Total RNA was isolated from pulp tissues at 0 to 24 hours after @entity2348 . Anti- @entity8932 , anti- @entity1990 cells, anti- @entity14899 , and antinestin cells were detected with labeled streptavidin- @entity1885 methods. RESULTS: @entity8932 messenger RNA was detected at 3 hours after @entity2348 and then gradually increased from 9 to 24 hours. Numerous @entity8932 - and @entity14899 -positive cells detected on macrophages and dendritic-like cells, and @entity1990 - and @entity14899 -positive macrophages were detected in the early stage of @entity11624 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the expression of @entity8932 and @entity1990 may be triggered by @entity2348 in irreversible @entity11624 without a need for an adaptive immune response. Those signals may relate to pulpal responses to @entity2348 .

title: Expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in inflamed pulp in @entity466 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection', 'bacterial dentinal infection']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ) primarily affects young obese females, and potentially causes @entity227 and severe @entity10 . The aim of this experiment is to examine relapse rate and long-term outcome in @entity5576 @entity1 . The methods involved in this experiment include a prospective controlled study of 18 newly diagnosed @entity5576 @entity1 followed for a mean observation period of 21.1 (  8.0) months. Treatment regime included diuretics, dietary recommendations and check-up visits at a dietician. Baseline and follow-up included neurological examination, detailed @entity10 history and comprehensive neuro-ophthalmological examination, including fundus photography, Humphrey visual fields, and measurement of the @entity989 (RNFL) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Relapse was defined as recurrence of either: (1) @entity1829 or (2) symptoms and demonstrated raised @entity428 . The result of this experiment is that relapse was found in 28%. Visual function improved from baseline to follow-up and was generally favorable. In @entity1 without relapse of @entity1829 RT and RNFL were significantly thinner than in healthy controls (p = 0.003 and 0.02), although @entity194 was clinically detectable in only one @entity1 . @entity10 was still present in 67% of the @entity1 at follow-up. @entity10 was heterogenic and unrelated to relapse. After an initial reduction, weight increased again in the relapse group compared to reduced weight in the non-relapse group (p = 0.013). Thus, the conclusions drawn are that @entity10 was persistent, difficult to classify, and equally represented in relapse and non-relapse @entity1 . @entity10 was thus a poor marker of active disease. Relapse rate was high and clinically undetectable optic disc @entity194 was discovered in apparently well treated @entity5576 @entity1 .

title: XXXX is not benign: a long-term outcome study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal thickness (RT) and retinal nerve fiber layers']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the performance measures of MR angiography (MRA) in the diagnosis of @entity439 residual flow after coil occlusion. METHODS: @entity1 having at least 1 @entity438 treated with coil occlusion were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. Time of flight and contrast-enhanced MRA were performed the same day of the DSA follow-up. The degree of @entity439 and dimensions of the residual flow were evaluated by independent readers at MRA and digital subtraction angiogram. MRA performance measures were estimated in a cross-sectional analysis and repeated in subgroups of @entity439 sizes and locations. MRA predictive values for recurrence were also estimated using a longitudinal design. RESULTS: We obtained 167 @entity439 evaluations for each imaging modality. Class 3 residual flow was seen on digital subtraction angiogram follow-up in 27%. The sensitivity and specificity of MRA was 88% (95% CI, 80-94) and 79% (95% CI, 67-88), respectively. The positive predictive value for a Class 3 recurrence was 67% (95% CI, 51-80) and the negative predictive value was 93% (95% CI, 86-97). Time-of-flight MRA underestimated the length of the residual flow (P=0.039), whereas contrast-enhanced MRA overestimated its width (P<0.0001). MRA sensitivity for a Class 3 residual flow was lower for @entity439 <6 mm (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MRA has sufficient accuracy for screening of @entity439 residual flow after coil occlusion. Due to its lower negative predictive value, recurrent @entity439 should be confirmed with digital subtraction angiogram before planning a retreatment. Routine use of MRA to follow small @entity439 should wait better estimation of its performance in this particular subgroup.

title: Residual flow after XXXX coil occlusion: diagnostic accuracy of MR angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate quantitative trait loci linked to @entity2516 , we performed a genome-wide quantitative trait linkage analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism markers and family data from five international sites. METHODS: Genomic DNA samples from 254 families were genotyped by the Center for @entity74 Research using the Illumina Linkage Panel IVb. Quantitative trait linkage analysis was performed on 225 Caucasian families and 4,656 markers after accounting for linkage disequilibrium and quality control exclusions. Two refractive quantitative phenotypes, sphere (SPH) and @entity6110 ( @entity6110 ), were analyzed. The SOLAR program was used to estimate identity by descent probabilities and to conduct two-point and multipoint quantitative trait linkage analyses. RESULTS: We found 29 markers and 11 linkage regions reaching peak two-point and multipoint logarithms of the odds (LODs)>1.5. Four linkage regions revealed at least one LOD score greater than 2: chromosome 6q13-6q16.1 (LOD=1.96 for SPH, 2.18 for @entity6110 ), chromosome 5q35.1-35.2 (LOD=2.05 for SPH, 1.80 for @entity6110 ), chromosome 7q11.23-7q21.2 (LOD=1.19 for SPH, 2.03 for @entity6110 ), and chromosome 3q29 (LOD=1.07 for SPH, 2.05 for @entity6110 ). Among these, the chromosome 6 and chromosome 5 regions showed the most consistent results between SPH and SEM. Four linkage regions with multipoint scores above 1.5 are near or within the known @entity1714 ( @entity1714 ) loci of @entity34171 , @entity34172 , @entity34173 , and @entity34174 . Overall, we observed consistent linkage signals across the SPH and SEM phenotypes, although scores were generally higher for the SEM phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Our quantitative trait linkage analyses of a large @entity1714 family cohort provided additional evidence for several known @entity1714 loci, and identified two additional potential loci at chromosome 6q13-16.1 and chromosome 5q35.1-35.2 for @entity1714 . These results will benefit the efforts toward determining genes for myopic @entity2516 .

title: An international collaborative family-based whole genome quantitative trait linkage scan for myopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity6110 :: ('MESH:D017029', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'spherical equivalent']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Inherited Disease']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive error']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate protein expression by cleaving or repressing the translation of target mRNAs. In @entity1 animals, their function mainly represses the target mRNAs transcripts via imperfectly complementary to the 3'UTR of target mRNAs. Several miRNAs have been recently reported to be involved in modulation of @entity11 development, especially some up-regulated miRNAs, such as @entity10017 ( @entity10017 ), which has been found to function as an oncogene in cultured @entity463 multiforme cells. @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ), an alkylating agent, is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for treating @entity463 . However, resistance develops quickly and with high frequency. To explore the mechanism of resistance, we found that @entity10017 could protect @entity1 @entity463 U87MG cells from @entity2904 induced apoptosis. Our studies showed that @entity2904 markedly enhanced apoptosis in U87MG cells compared with untreated cells (P<0.05). However, over-express @entity10017 in U87MG cells could significantly reduce @entity2904 -induced apoptosis (P<0.05). Pro-apoptotic @entity589 and anti-apoptotic @entity588 proteins are known to regulate the apoptosis of @entity11 cells. @entity588 , resistance to induction of apoptosis, constitutes one major obstacle to chemotherapy in many @entity5 cells. @entity589 is shown to correlate with an increased survival of @entity463 multiforme @entity1 . Further research demonstrated that the mechanism was associated with a shift in @entity589 / @entity588 ratio and change in @entity522 activity. Compared to control cells, cells treated with @entity2904 showed a significant increase in the @entity589 / @entity588 ratio and @entity522 activity (P<0.01). However, such effect was partly prevented by treatment of cells with @entity10017 overexpression before, which appeared to downregulate the @entity589 expression, upregulate the @entity588 expression and decrease @entity522 activity. Taken together, these results suggested that over-express @entity10017 could inhibit @entity2904 -induced apoptosis in U87MG cells, at least in part, by decreasing @entity589 / @entity588 ratio and @entity522 activity, which highlighted the possibility of @entity10017 overexpression in the clinical resistance to chemotherapeutic therapy of @entity2904 .

title: @entity10017 protected @entity1 XXXX U87MG cells from chemotherapeutic drug @entity2903 induced apoptosis by decreasing @entity589 / @entity588 ratio and @entity522 activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'mammal']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Avian poxviruses (APV) are very large viruses spread worldwide in a variety of hosts. They are responsible for a disease usually referred to as pox, mainly characterized by nodular lesions on feather-free regions of the body. On May 2010, a young @entity34408 ( @entity34408 ) of the Lisbon Zoo (Portugal) developed a nodular lesion suggestive of @entity22336 on its right foot. Avipoxvirus was isolated from the lesion and a fragment of the P4b-encoding gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The @entity4334 sequence of the amplicon was determined and analyzed. A close relationship (100% identity) was observed between the @entity19929 poxvirus and isolates from @entity34409 (Hungary 2005), @entity34410 (Morocco 2009), @entity34411 (Morocco 2011), and Houbara bustard (Morocco 2010 and 2011), suggesting interspecies transmission as a possible source of @entity281 . To strengthen the investigation, the 5' and 3' ends of genes @entity34412 and @entity34413 187, respectively, were also analyzed. The @entity34414 fragment exhibited 100% identity with @entity34411 and Houbara bustard isolates, both from Morocco 2011. Phylogenetic analyses based in both fragments grouped the @entity19929 isolate consistently within clade B2 of canarypox. However, the phylogenetic relationships among the different representatives of avian poxviruses were more comprehensive in the tree based on the concatenated coding sequences of the @entity34414 fragment, rather than on the P4b-coding gene. The clearer displacement and distribution of the isolates regarding their host species in this last tree suggests the potential usefulness of this genomic region to refine avian poxvirus classification.

title: AVIAN POXVIRUS INFECTION IN A @entity19929 ( XXXX ) OF THE LISBON ZOO.

entities_list: @entity34408 :: ('9217', 'Species') :: ['American flamingo', 'Phoenicopterus ruber']

entities_list: @entity34411 :: ('187382', 'Species') :: ["MacQueen's bustard"]

entities_list: @entity22336 :: ('MESH:D011213', 'Disease') :: ['poxvirus infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity34408 :: (9217,Species) :: ['PHOENICOPTERUS RUBER']


abstract: Twelve endocrine variables in blood from a small number of clinically healthy adult @entity1 were sampled systematically around the clock and the seasons. Pattern discrimination methods singled out certain hormone values in certain seasons as classifiers for a high vs low risk of developing diseases associated with a @entity101 . Further evidence in support of such classifiers is obtained on data from adolescent, menstrually cycling young adults and post-menopausal @entity1 , here analyzed as pool of series, with the scope of the data from any one age group greatly extended by a resampling procedure, namely, by bootstrapping. This mathematical approach was carried out on data series around the clock and seasons on several hormones as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Classifier roles were strongly supported for plasma @entity1369 and thyroid stimulating hormone, originally by an analysis of variance and, in the case of @entity1369 , by circannual cosinor analysis and by numerical resampling. Circannual bootstrapping, a procedure recommended for broad routine use as a safeguard for hypothesis testing, was also done for plasma @entity701 , @entity9027 and prolactin, variables for which (parametric) analyses of variance and cosinors did not reveal any difference between groups at high and low cardiovascular risk. In these instances, bootstrapping results are tentative and await further analyses. Results show the ability of circannual bootstrapping to detect outliers. Identification of classifiers provides cost-effective endocrine checks complementing the targeted automatic monitoring of blood pressure. Circannual indices for risk evaluation are, however, costly in several ways since it takes at least a year and quite a few samples to estimate them reliably. Accordingly, we also extended the scope of previous results by the application of an added procedure for circadian bootstrapping. With circadian as well as circannual bootstrapping, we here illustrate a major potential component of a system of chrono-engineering for health maintenance. This system should start with focus on the newborn. The results on adults here analyzed are likely to be more prominent in the neonate, to the extent that they are genetic in origin, yet amenable to modification by the extra-uterine environment.

title: XXXX mesor-hypertensive chronorisk.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydro-epi-androsterone sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1800 can exacerbate @entity565 by inducing the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the airway. We have previously reported that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a viral product and ligand of the @entity6800 ( @entity6800 ), activates the transcription factors NF-kB and @entity21064 and upregulates the expression of inflammatory chemokines in airway epithelial cells. Here, we examined the effects of the glucocorticoid @entity5023 (FP) on the expression of the inflammatory chemokines @entity5737 , @entity687 and @entity371 . METHODS: The airway epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was used for this study. Expression of @entity5737 , @entity687 and @entity371 mRNA and protein was quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA assay, respectively. To examine the association of FP with the physiology of chemokine production, we included several methods. Nuclear translocation of transcription factors was determined by performing Western blot analysis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in nuclear extracts was measured using a colorimetric assay. Stability of the chemokine mRNAs was examined in cells incubated with @entity4316 . The activities of the @entity5737 promoter and the transcription factors NF-kB and @entity21064 were assessed using luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS: Treatment of BEAS-2B cells with FP significantly and dose-dependently (10(-9) to 10(-6)M) inhibited dsRNA-induced expression of @entity5737 , @entity687 and @entity371 protein and mRNA, but did not affect mRNA stability. FP also significantly inhibited dsRNA-stimulated @entity5737 promoter activity. However, FP had no effect on the activity of HDAC or the nuclear translocation of NF-kB and @entity21064 . CONCLUSIONS: FP inhibits the dsRNA-stimulated expression of inflammatory chemokines in airway epithelial cells. FP may act by inhibiting chemokine transcription through an as yet unidentified mechanism.

title: Basic research on virus-induced @entity565 exacerbation: inhibition of inflammatory chemokine expression by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infection']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone propionate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) estimates the course and connectivity patterns of white matter tracts. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether findings in the brainstem will modify the preoperative surgical trajectory planning and/or post-operative outcome in @entity1 with brainstem cavernous @entity600 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with symptomatic brainstem cavernous @entity600 underwent surgical resection. Five @entity1 received preoperative DTI evaluation while the remaining 5 did not. Reconstructed DTI tracts consisted of corticospinal, medial lemnisci and cerebellar peduncles. The surgical planning and post-operative outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: In five @entity1 with no preoperative DTI evaluation, surgical planning was based on anatomical landmark and the two-point technique. The other 5 @entity1 underwent preoperative DTI, and findings were factored into the selection of the surgical approach. In three of the 5 cases with DTI evaluation, the two-point technique suggested a similar trajectory. In the other two, the DTI findings suggested a different approach to avoid damage to the white matter tract. Two @entity1 in the group with no DTI had immediate post-operative new or worsened deficit which improved at long-term follow-up. No @entity1 in the DTI group had a new @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the standard MR imaging, DTI provided improved visualization of cavernous @entity600 involvement in eloquent fiber tracts of the brainstem. This additional informations might help in selecting a more appropriate surgical trajectory in selected lesions. Larger @entity1 cohorts are needed to assess the effect of this modality in @entity1 ' outcome.

title: The usefulness of diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in surgery of brainstem cavernous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformations']


abstract: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) remains incurable despite much progress that has been made in the treatment of the disease. @entity1582 @entity5 stem cell (MMSC), a rare subpopulation of @entity1582 cells with the capacity for self-renewal and drug resistance, is considered to lead to disease relapse. Several markers such as side population (SP) and @entity14215 + have been used to identify MMSCs. However, ideally and more precisely, the identification of the MMSCs should rely on MMSCs phenotype. Unfortunately the MMSC phenotype has not been properly defined yet. Drug resistance is the most important property of MMSCs and contributes to disease relapse, but the mechanisms of drug resistance have not been fully understood. The major signaling pathways involved in the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of MMSCs include Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wnt), Notch and @entity10412 / @entity584 / @entity3470 . However, the precise role of these signaling pathways needs to be clarified. It has been reported that the microRNA profile of MMSCs is remarkably different than that of non-MMSCs. Therefore, the search for targeting MMSCs has also been focused on microRNAs. Complex and mutual interactions between the MMSC and the surrounding bone marrow (BM) microenvironment sustain self-renewal and survival of MMSC. However, the required molecules for the interaction of the MMSC and the surrounding BM microenvironment need to be further identified. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of MMSCs regarding their phenotype, mechanisms of drug resistance, signaling pathways that regulate MMSCs self-renewal and differentiation, abnormal microRNAs expression, and their interactions with the BM microenvironment.

title: XXXX stem cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Multiple myeloma cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Screening for severe @entity295 in adult @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 may involve potential delays while waiting for laboratory testing, leading to postponed identification or over-utilization of resources. The @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) criteria are inaccurate at predicting clinical outcomes in @entity295 . Shock index (SI), defined as heart rate / systolic blood pressure, has previously been shown to identify high risk septic @entity1 . Our objective was to compare the ability of SI, individual vital signs, and the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) criteria to predict the primary outcome of @entity8770 (serum @entity880 >=  4.0 mmol/L) as a surrogate for disease severity, and the secondary outcome of 28-day mortality. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of adult @entity341 @entity1 at an academic community @entity130 center with 95,000 annual visits, from February 1st, 2007 to May 28th, 2008. Adult @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with a suspected @entity281 were screened for severe @entity295 using a standardized institutional electronic order set, which included triage vital signs, basic laboratory tests and an initial serum lactate level. Test characteristics were calculated for two outcomes: @entity8770 (marker for morbidity) and 28-day mortality. We considered the following covariates in our analysis: heart rate >90 beats/min; mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg; respiratory rate > 20 breaths/min; >=  2 @entity1850 with vital signs only; >= 2 @entity1850 including white blood cell count; SI >=  0.7; and SI >=  1.0. We report sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values for the primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS: 2524 @entity1 (89.4%) had complete records and were included in the analysis. 290 (11.5%) @entity1 presented with @entity8770 and 361 (14%) @entity1 died within 28 days. Subjects with an abnormal SI of 0.7 or greater (15.8%) were three times more likely to present with @entity8770 than those with a normal SI (4.9%). The negative predictive value (NPV) of a SI >=  0.7 was 95%, identical to the NPV of @entity1850 . CONCLUSION: In this cohort, SI >=  0.7 performed as well as @entity1850 in NPV and was the most sensitive screening test for @entity8770 and 28-day mortality. SI >=  1.0 was the most specific predictor of both outcomes. Future research should focus on multi-site validation, with implications for early identification of at-risk @entity1 and resource utilization.

title: Shock index and early recognition of @entity295 in the XXXX : pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8770 :: ('MESH:D065906', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlactatemia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study reviews the published outcomes related to sinonasal @entity2347 (SNACC). Clinical presentation, radiographic diagnosis, pathology, treatment, and management outcomes of this uncommon disease are reported. Data Sources PubMed database. METHODS: A systematic review of studies for SNACC from 1960 to 2012 was conducted. A PubMed search for articles related to SNACC, along with bibliographies of those articles, was performed. Articles were examined for both individual @entity1 data (IPD) and aggregate @entity1 data (APD) that reported survivability. Demographics, disease site and spread, treatment strategies, follow-up, outcome, and survival were described for IPD, and a meta-analysis for survival rates was performed for APD. RESULTS: A total of 55 journal articles were included. Individual @entity1 data were reported in 39 journal articles, comprising a total of 88 cases of SNACC. Sixteen articles, totaling 366 @entity1 that reported aggregate 5-year survivorship pertaining to SNACC, were also included. Average follow-up in the IPD was 51.2 months (range, 1-198 months), and 5-year survivorship was 63.5%. In the studies reviewed, surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy was the most common therapy used and resulted in the highest percentage of survivors. Aggregate @entity1 data meta-analysis revealed a 5-year survival rate of 62.5%. CONCLUSION: This study contains the largest pool of SNACC @entity1 to date. The data suggest that SNACC has a poor overall prognosis. It also suggests that surgery with postoperative radiotherapy is the most commonly used and may possibly be the most effective therapy.

title: Sinonasal XXXX : systematic review of survival and treatment strategies.

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Total occlusion of the abdominal aorta is unusual, posing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. The outcome of surgery involving the abdominal aorta depends upon the presence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity453 in @entity1 with total occlusion of the abdominal aorta. METHODS: 74 @entity1 presenting with claudication of both the lower limbs and having bilaterally absent femoral pulsations were subjected to abdominal aortography. @entity1 who were found to have total occlusion of the abdominal aorta were included in the study. Coronary angiography was done in all the @entity1 . RESULTS: 47 @entity1 were found to have total occlusion of the abdominal aorta. The mean age was 55 years. 37 @entity1 were male and ten were female. All were smokers, 37 were @entity101 and four were @entity6 . 11(23.4 percent) @entity1 were found to have @entity453 . @entity66 was present in eight @entity1 , two-vessel disease in two @entity1 and @entity66 in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The study shows that approximately one-fourth of the @entity1 with total occlusion of the abdominal aorta had @entity453 . A majority of these @entity1 had @entity66 .

title: Total occlusion of the abdominal aorta and the severity of angiographically-proven XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['three-vessel disease', 'single vessel disease', 'Single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the impact of @entity6 on the final outcome (length of hospital stay and development of complications) in @entity1 with severe multispace @entity281 in the head and neck. Furthermore, it intends to characterize significant clinical features of these @entity1 compared with nondiabetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 117 @entity1 who received treatment for multispace @entity281 of the head and neck region from 2007 through 2010 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth Hospital. The study identified @entity6 @entity1 and compared them with nondiabetic @entity1 . Demographics, etiology of @entity281 , clinical parameters (time from first onset of symptoms to hospital admission, number of spaces affected, and distribution of involved spaces), and laboratory values (bacteriology, admission blood @entity413 level, admission white blood cell count, and percentage of neutrophils on admission) were analyzed for clinical significance. Statistical analyses of the results between groups were performed using the Student t test,   (2) test, variance analysis, logistic regression analysis, and linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Admission blood @entity413 level was the only factor influencing the complications in multispace @entity281 in the oral-maxillofacial region. Compared with nondiabetic @entity1 , @entity6 had @entity281 that involved more spaces, longer hospital stays, and more frequent complications. Some @entity6 @entity1 died. The disease status (with or without @entity6 ) was associated with clinical outcomes (length of hospital stay and complications) in the therapy procedures. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies uncontrolled @entity6 as an important indicator of clinical features and outcomes in treating multispace @entity281 of the oral-maxillofacial region.

title: Is there association between severe multispace @entity281 of the oral maxillofacial region and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare different types of bedding and mucking regimens used in @entity1641 stables on the generation of airborne particulate matter <10 microm (PM10) and 3 biogenic gases ( @entity544 , @entity3810 , and especially @entity3265 ). Three separate experiments were undertaken. The experiments were carried out in an enclosed stable (9.7 m long, 8.7 m wide, and 3.5 m high) that had 5 single boxes housing 4 @entity1641 . The measuring instruments were set up in the middle of one side of the stable. In Exp. 1, 3 types of bedding material ( @entity3505 straw, straw pellets, and wood shavings) used for @entity1641 were assessed according to their @entity3265 generation. Each type of bedding was used for 2 wk, with 3 repetitions. The mean @entity3265 concentrations within the stable were 3.07 +/- 0.23 mg/m(3) for @entity3505 straw, 4.79 +/- 0.23 mg/m(3) for straw pellets, and 4.27 +/- 0.17 mg/m(3) for wood shavings. In Exp. 2, the effects of the mucking regimen on the generation of @entity3265 and PM10 from @entity3505 straw (the bedding with the least @entity3265 generation in the previous experiment) were examined using 3 different daily regimens: 1) no mucking out, 2) complete mucking out, and 3) partial mucking out (removing only feces). The mean @entity3265 concentrations in the stable differed significantly among all 3 mucking regimens (P < 0.05). The greatest values were recorded when the stalls were mucked out completely every day [least squares means (LSM) = 2.25 +/- 0.1 mg/m(3)]. No mucking out resulted in an LSM of 1.92 +/- 0.1 mg of @entity3265 /m(3), whereas an LSM of 1.54 +/- 0.1 mg of @entity3265 /m(3) was found when the partial mucking out method was used. No mucking out also resulted in significantly less average PM10 (124.4 +/- 13.4 microg/m(3)) than in the other 2 regimens (P < 0.05). In Exp. 3, a 6-wk bedding regimen without mucking out was evaluated with regard to gas and airborne particle generation. The @entity3265 values were found not to increase constantly during the course of the 6-wk period. The average weekly values for PM10 also did not increase constantly but varied between approximately 90 and 140 microg/m. It can be concluded from the particle and gas generation patterns found in the results of all 3 experiments that @entity3505 straw was the most suitable bedding of the 3 types investigated and that mucking out completely on a daily basis should not be undertaken in @entity1641 stables.

title: Gas and particle concentrations in XXXX stables with individual boxes as a function of the bedding material and the mucking regimen.

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: In this study, we have investigated the actions of @entity32734 , an active, water-extractable component of the medicinal herb danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), on @entity35 isolated coronary artery rings precontracted with 1 microM @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and its action compared to the water-extractable fraction of the herb. Extraction of the water-soluble fraction from danshen (S. miltiorrhiza) provided yield of 17.5% (35 g/200 g). The amount of danshensu determined in the crude danshen herb and in its aqueous fraction was 0.45 mg/g (0.045%) and 3.28 mg/g (0.33%). The danshen aqueous extract was 13 times less potent than danshensu in relaxing @entity750 -precontracted coronary artery rings; IC50 values were 930.3+/-133.5 microg/ml and 71.5+/-11.0 microg/ml. Removal of the endothelium did not significantly affect their vasodilator potencies; IC50 values were 842.1+/-123.8 microg/ml and 84.8+/-8.8 microg/ml. On the other hand, a @entity972 channel inhibitor @entity5128 ( @entity1041 , 10 mM) shifted their concentration-response curves by 1.7 and 2.2 folds. The possible involvement of @entity141 channels was investigated in artery rings incubated with @entity141 -free buffer and primed with 1 microM @entity750 or 60 mM @entity10406 for 5 min prior to addition of @entity15130 to elicit contraction. In @entity750 -primed preparations, the @entity15130 -induced vasoconstriction was abolished by 2 mg/ml danshen aqueous extract and 200 microg/ml danshensu, whereas, in @entity10406 -primed preparations, 10 mg/ml danshen aqueous extract and 600 microg/ml danshensu were required to abrogate the vasoconstriction. These findings suggest the vasorelaxant actions of danshen aqueous extract and danshensu were produced by inhibition of @entity141 influx in the vascular smooth muscle cells. The opening of @entity3529 channels had a minor contribution to the response, but endothelium-dependent mechanisms were not involved.

title: Relaxant effects of danshen aqueous extract and its constituent danshensu on XXXX coronary artery are mediated by inhibition of calcium channels.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity32734 :: ('MESH:C035055', 'Chemical') :: ['danshensu']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The outcome of displaced @entity7334 of the calcaneus is affected by many factors such as @entity174 type and age. The restoration and maintenance of the posterior facet is a priority and has a strong correlation with improved outcome. The @entity174 occasionally extends anteriorly to the calcaneocuboid joint (CCJ). Currently there is little literature discussing @entity158 , functional or radiographic information about calcaneal @entity174 , which involve the CCJ or those that do not. The aim of this study was to compare @entity158 and functional outcome measurements in a cohort of calcaneal @entity174 treated operatively and non-operatively to determine whether CCJ involvement was important. @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective database of calcaneal @entity174 managed by a single surgeon was reviewed. CT images allowed us to assess the degree of CCJ involvement before and after surgery. Final outcome was determined by @entity158 (validated visual analogue score) and functional outcomes (SF-36) taken 2 years after injury with further CT imaging used to determine the presence of arthritic change at the CCJ. 59 @entity1 with 64 @entity7334 were identified who also had 35 @entity174 that extended to the CCJ. Pre-operative CT imaging identified 3 levels of CCJ involvement: Undisplaced @entity174 line (n=27); @entity174 that involved <50% of the CCJ (n=4) and @entity174 that involved >50% of the CCJ with @entity2720 (n=4). RESULTS: @entity158 and functional scores were comparable between @entity174 that involved the CCJ and those that did not. All @entity174 that involved >50% of the CCJ demonstrated arthritic change 2-years after injury. DISCUSSION: Displaced @entity7334 of the calcaneus will often have a @entity174 line extending into the CCJ. This is commonly undisplaced and does not appear to predict continued @entity158 , @entity409 on radiographic appearance using generalised outcome measurements.

title: The outcome of displaced XXXX that involve the calcaneocuboid joint.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular fractures', 'intra-articular calcaneal fractures']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint subluxation']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular calcaneal fractures']


abstract: We evaluated stem cell mobilization in 195 consecutive sibling donors who underwent a uniform mobilization regimen of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) at 10 microg/kg/day divided into twice daily dosing. On day 5, peripheral blood (PB) @entity2280 cells/microL were measured immediately prior to peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) apheresis. Failed mobilization was defined as <20 @entity2280 cells/microL on day 5. The median age was 52 years and 73 (37%) were 55 years or greater. Comorbid conditions by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) occurred in 13%, but only 3% had Karnofsky performance status (PS) <100%. Eight (4%) failed mobilization, defined as <20 @entity2280 cells/microL on day 5. Older age was associated with fewer @entity2280 cells/microL (P=.002). In addition, 6/73 (8.2%) older donors failed mobilization compared to 2/122 (1.6%) younger donors (P=.054). Comorbidity, sex, race, and donor weight did not influence mobilization. Although low PS was very uncommon, it was associated with reduced mobilization (P=.021), but not mobilization failure. A small fraction of older donors mobilize poorly, and this is not explained by standard measures of comorbidity or PS.

title: Older age but not donor health impairs allogeneic XXXX ( @entity1261 ) peripheral blood stem cell mobilization.

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2360 ( @entity2360 ) is a rare @entity74 related to @entity920 storage, leading to liver @entity82 and @entity5122 . The aim of this study was to determine the clinical presentation and long-term outcome, and to examine the progression of hepatic histopathology in serial liver biopsies from @entity2360 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 60 @entity1 with @entity2360 treated with @entity219 and/or @entity2361 . Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were gathered and 40 @entity1 underwent an initial biopsy and at least one repeat biopsy. @entity1 were divided into two groups: progressors ( @entity1 who presented worsening of at least one unit of @entity82 ) and nonprogressors ( @entity1 who presented stable or improved @entity82 scores). RESULTS: A total of 33/40 (83%) @entity1 (nonprogressors) showed stable hepatic histology or improvement. Seven of 40 (17%) @entity1 (progressors) showed worsening of @entity82 . There was no significant correlation between the histological findings and clinical parameters or initial presentation. CONCLUSION: In our study cohort, @entity409 was stable or improving in most of the @entity1 , and development of @entity99 while under treatment was a rare event. The development of new symptoms while under treatment or progression of pre-existing symptoms was more often recorded for neurological than for hepatic symptoms.

title: Histologic evolution and long-term outcome of XXXX : results of a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease", 'WD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inborn disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['progressive hepatic symptoms']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's disease']


abstract: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (ce-MR) imaging allows precise delineation of @entity1188 transmurality. An issue of debate is whether data analysis should be performed visually or quantitatively. Accordingly, a head-to-head comparison was performed between visual and quantitative analyses of @entity1188 transmurality on ce-MR imaging. In addition, @entity1188 transmurality was related to the severity of @entity854 at rest. In 27 @entity1 with long-term @entity1002 (LV ejection fraction 33 +/- 8%) and previous @entity1188 , cine MR imaging (to assess regional wall motion) and ce-MR imaging were performed. Using a 17-segment model, each segment was assigned a wall motion score (from normokinesia to @entity910 ), and segmental @entity1188 transmurality was visually assessed on a 5-point scale (0 = no @entity1188 , 1 = transmurality < or =25% of LV wall thickness, 2 = transmurality 26% to 50%, 3 = transmurality 51% to 75%, and 4 = transmurality 76% to 100%). Quantification of transmurality was performed with threshold analysis; myocardium showing signal intensity above the threshold was considered scar tissue, and percent transmurality was calculated automatically. Wall motion was abnormal in 56% of the 459 segments, and 55% of segments showed hyperenhancement (indicating scar tissue). The agreement between visual and quantitative analyses was excellent: 90% of segments (kappa 0.86) were categorized similarly by visual and quantitative analyses. Infarct transmurality paralleled the severity of @entity409 ; 96% of normal or mildly @entity5048 segments had @entity1188 transmurality < or =25%, whereas 93% of @entity2845 and @entity910 segments had transmurality >50% on visual analysis. In conclusion, visual analysis of ce-MR imaging studies may be sufficient for assessment of transmurality of @entity1188 .

title: Quantification of myocardial infarct size and transmurality by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2704 are common in the pediatric emergency department. The mainstay of abortive treatment consists of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories and @entity935 antagonists. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3 commonly used @entity935 antagonists to abort pediatric @entity2704 . METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all @entity1 who presented to the pediatric emergency department at a tertiary care pediatric hospital between January 2010 and December 2013. @entity1 were treated for a @entity2704 with a combination of @entity6058 and one of the following @entity935 antagonists: @entity6916 , @entity1769 , or @entity4489 . The primary outcome was treatment failure and receiving non-evidence-based treatment defined by the need for opioids. Secondary outcomes included @entity158 score reduction and return visit within 48 hours. RESULTS: There were 57 @entity1 during this period with 67 visits that met inclusion criteria: 27 (40.3%) visits in which @entity1 were treated with @entity6916 , 23 (34.3%) visits in which @entity1 were treated with @entity1769 , and 17 (25.4%) visits in which @entity1 were treated with @entity4489 . Across visits, the mean age was 14.5 years, and 63% were @entity1 . Opioids were given for treatment failure in 8.7% of visits in which @entity1 received @entity6916 , 25% in which @entity1 received @entity1769 , and 42.8% in which @entity1 received @entity4489 . @entity1 treated with @entity4489 had significantly higher odds of needing opioids and experiencing less than 50% reduction in @entity158 score compared with @entity6916 after adjusting for @entity1 characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests variable efficacy among 3 commonly used @entity935 antagonists for pediatric @entity2704 . @entity4489 seems least effective and results in higher use of opioids compared with other available @entity935 antagonists.

title: Relative Effectiveness of XXXX Antagonists for Pediatric Migraine in the Emergency Department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['Promethazine', 'promethazine']

entities_list: @entity6916 :: ('MESH:D011346', 'Chemical') :: ['prochlorperazine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine headache', 'migraine', 'Migraine headaches']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left atrial appendage (LAA) may be a source of thrombi in @entity1 with @entity384 at sinus rhythm. The objectives of our study were to assess the prevalence of intracardiac left chamber @entity715 and/or spontaneous echo contrast and to identify clinical and echocardiographic predictors for left ventricle (LV), left atrium (LA), and/or LAA @entity715 formation, particularly as regard to LV, LA, and LAA size, in @entity712 @entity1 at sinus rhythm. METHODS: We included 45 @entity1 with @entity384 of @entity63 or idiopathic origin with mild to moderate @entity299 , who were at sinus rhythm and without anticoagulation therapy. RESULTS: Mean left ventricular end diastolic diameter was 64.9    6.1 mm, and mean LV ejection fraction was 39.9    7.3%. LV @entity715 was found in 13.3% of @entity1 and LAA @entity715 in 68. 9%. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter was correlated with LA volume (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001) and LV @entity715 (r = 0.38, p = 0.005). LA volume was correlated with LAA maximal area (r = 0.34, p = 0.01), which was an independent predictor for LAA @entity715 formation (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Dilation of left cardiac chambers offers a suitable terrain for @entity715 formation. The high probability of LAA @entity715 should be kept in mind when designing the treatment strategy for @entity1 with @entity384 at sinus rhythm.

title: Prevalence of left chamber cardiac thrombi in @entity1 with XXXX at sinus rhythm: the role of transesophageal echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated left ventricle']


abstract: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary restriction on ovarian, endocrine (ovarian @entity230 and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse) and metabolic ( @entity413 , insulin and non-esterified @entity844 ( @entity3691 )) profiles in @entity1237 treated with a @entity1420 -releasing controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR-G) device. Cycling @entity1237 were offered either a maintenance or a restricted (30% of requirement; n =4 per treatment) level of feeding. The dietary restriction was started on the day following ovulation. At 30-32 days after the start of food restriction, the @entity1237 received a @entity3774 (2mg of dinoprost) injection followed by 10 days of CIDR-G treatment. Ovarian ultrasonographic images were monitored daily throughout the experiment and blood samples were collected daily just before the morning feeding for analysis of endocrine and metabolic profiles. Frequent blood samples (1 ml) were also collected at 10 min intervals for 8 h from -8 h to CIDR-G removal, and from 32 to 40 h after CIDR-G removal for analysis of LH pulses. Body weight was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the food-restricted animals. Oestrous behaviour and ovulation followed by a rise of plasma @entity1420 concentration were observed after the CIDR-G removal in all control animals but not in any of the food-restricted animals within 12 days after CIDR-G removal. The LH pulse frequency from 32 to 40 h after the CIDR-G removal was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the food-restricted animals than in control animals (1.5 +/- 0.6 versus 3.8 +/- 0.5 pulses for 8 h). There was no significant difference in the @entity413 concentration in weekly plasma samples between control and food-restricted animals. Insulin concentrations from 2 weeks after the start of feed restriction were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in restricted animals than in control animals. The @entity3691 concentration in restricted animals was significantly (P < 0.05) increased after the start of feed restriction, and then decreased gradually to the basal level. The present results suggest that nutritionally induced @entity3206 after CIDR-G treatment is associated with a reduction in the frequency of LH pulses, and that insulin and @entity3691 , rather than the @entity413 concentration in the circulation, may be associated with the metabolic suppression of LH pulses.

title: Ovarian and hormonal responses to a XXXX -releasing controlled internal drug releasing treatment in dietary-restricted @entity1237 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Ubiquitination is a key post-translational modification in the regulation of numerous biological processes in eukaryotes. The primary roles of ubiquitination are thought to be the triggering of protein degradation and the regulation of signal transduction. During protein ubiquitination, substrate specificity is mainly determined by E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3). Although more than 600 genes in the @entity1 genome encode E3, the E3s of many target proteins remain unidentified owing to E3 diversity and the instability of ubiquitinated proteins in cell. We demonstrate herein a novel biochemical analysis for the identification of E3s targeting specific proteins. Using @entity3505 cell-free protein synthesis system, a protein array containing 227 @entity1 and 23 @entity19 recombinant E3s was synthesized. To establish the high-throughput binding assay using AlphaScreen technology, we selected @entity7465 and @entity876 as the model combination of E3 and its target protein. The AlphaScreen assay specifically detected the binding of @entity876 and @entity7465 in a crude translation mixture. Then, a comprehensive binding assay using the E3 protein array was performed. Eleven of the E3s showed high binding activity, including four previously reported E3s (e.g., @entity7465 , @entity13456 , and @entity34555 ) targeting @entity876 . This result demonstrated the reliability of the assay. Another interactors, @entity34556 and @entity34557 -which there have been no report to bind @entity876 -were found to ubiquitinate @entity876 in vitro. Further analysis showed that @entity34556 decreased the amount of @entity876 in H1299 cells in E3 activity-dependent manner. These results suggest the possibility that the @entity34556 ubiquitinates and degrades @entity876 in cells. The novel in vitro screening system established herein is a powerful tool for finding novel E3s of a target protein.

title: Establishment of a @entity3505 Cell-Free Synthesized Protein Array Containing 250 XXXX and @entity19 E3 Ubiquitin Ligases to Identify Novel Interaction between E3 Ligases and Substrate Proteins.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Mounting and maintaining an effective immune response in the face of @entity281 can be costly. The outcome of @entity281 depends on two host immune strategies: resistance and tolerance. Resistance limits pathogen load, while tolerance reduces the fitness impact of an @entity281 . While resistance strategies are well studied, tolerance has received less attention, but is now considered to play a vital role in host-pathogen interactions in animals. A major challenge in ecoimmunology is to understand how some hosts maintain their fitness when infected while others succumb to @entity281 , as well as how extrinsic, environmental factors, such as diet, affect defense. We tested whether dietary restriction through @entity375 (protein) limitation affects resistance, tolerance, and fecundity in @entity238 . We predicted that protein restriction would reveal @entity281 . Because @entity166 are not always lethal, we tested resistance and tolerance using two bacteria with low lethality: @entity526 and @entity7878 . We then assayed fecundity and characterized @entity2348 pathology in individual flies at two acute phase time points after @entity281 . As expected, our four fecundity measures all showed a negative effect of a low-protein diet, but contrary to predictions, diet did not affect resistance to either bacteria species. We found evidence for diet-induced and time-dependent variation in host tolerance to @entity526 , but not to @entity16121 . Furthermore, the two bacteria species exhibited remarkably different @entity281 profiles, and persisted within the flies for at least 7  days postinfection. Our results show that acute phase infections do not necessarily lead to fecundity costs despite high bacterial loads. The influence of intrinsic variables such as genotype are the prevailing factors that have been studied in relation to variation in host tolerance, but here we show that extrinsic factors should also be considered for their role in influencing tolerance strategies.

title: The effect of diet and time after XXXX on  fecundity, resistance, and tolerance in @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['costs of infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E.  coli']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To elucidate a role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value as a biomarker of @entity150 , we investigated its associations with Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) along with classical clinicopathological prognosticators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) at 1.5 Tesla using b-values of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 s/mm(2) was prospectively taken before transurethral resection by 132 @entity150 @entity1 . ADC value of index @entity5 was measured and compared with clinicopathological prognosticators including Ki-67 @entity894 . RESULTS: ADC value was significantly lower in @entity5 with higher Ki-67 LIs, @entity5 (versus papillary), larger @entity5 , higher grade disease, and higher T stage disease. ADC value inversely correlated with Ki-67 @entity894 (     =   -0.57; P   <   0.0001). On multiple regression analysis, T stage and Ki-67 @entity894 significantly correlated with ADC value. The Akaike information criterion confirms these two parameters constitute the best model for determining ADC value. Similarly, T stage and ADC value significantly correlated with Ki-67 @entity894 and these two parameters composed the best model for predicting Ki-67 @entity894 . CONCLUSION: ADC value would reflect T stage and Ki-67 @entity894 , representing invasive and proliferative potential, respectively. ADC value is likely to serve as a biomarker reflecting @entity146 of @entity150 .

title: Apparent diffusion coefficient value reflects invasive and proliferative potential of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sessile tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: @entity2331 and @entity170 often become the long term complications in @entity5 treatment and is defined as @entity5 treatment-induced @entity604 (CTIBL). Hormonal therapy is the main factor for CTIBL in both @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity342 deprivation therapy(ADT)is a mainstay in the systemic therapy for @entity263 (PC)and often persists for a long term. ADT induces @entity604 and increases the risk of @entity170 and @entity174 , which reduces QOL of the @entity1 , results in the need of nursing care state and a serious adverse event to be connected for shortening of the overall survival. It is important that we prevent a @entity174 above all in the bone management of @entity1 with PC. According to the results of overseas large-scale clinical trials, denosumab is a drug having the highest evidence level. And it is necessary to set a clear treatment objective depending on the clinical condition of the PC @entity1 , and to use it. In the non-bone metastatic, castration-sensitive PC @entity1 , we do it with a dose for the purpose of the prevention of @entity170 and @entity174 , and it is demanded what a dose for the purpose of prevention and in bone metastatic, castration resistant PC @entity1 , the reduction of symptomatic skeletal events. However, There is no benefit in prolongation of overall survival by addition of denosumab or @entity4381 . Care for oral hygiene should be considered to avoid @entity2530 of the jaw, @entity281 and @entity3747 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity5 Treatment-Induced @entity604 (CTIBL)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['oral infection']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: A series of 24 @entity1 with @entity13189 are presented in whom detailed clinical measurement showed an association with @entity3467 and @entity8707 . In 14 of these @entity1 one @entity267 had developed @entity4 , of which 11 had required penetrating keratoplasty. @entity735 without @entity4 revealed that the anomalies in measurement were not due to the process of decompensation. These 14 @entity1 were then compared with the remaining 10 @entity1 without @entity4 in either eye, and a similar profile of anomalous measurements was observed. The whole group of 24 @entity1 were then compared with three separate control groups, and in each case a significant trend towards @entity3467 , short axial length, and @entity8707 was noted. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error in the @entity1 with @entity13189 was +2.48 D compared with -0.31 D for controls; corresponding means for axial length were 22.1 mm compared with 23.4 mm; and for anterior chamber depth were 2.2 mm compared with 2.7 mm. Each of these differences was statistically significant, but there was no significant difference for the keratometry measurements between @entity1 and controls. Five of 24 (21%) of the @entity1 had problems related to shallow anterior chambers of whom 3 (12%) had manifest @entity2747 requiring surgical peripheral iridectomy. The aetiology of @entity13189 and of @entity2516 is discussed and possible modes of association outlined. This previously unrecognised association gives a rational basis for the widely accepted practice of combining penetrating keratoplasty with lens extraction and has several other practical implications which are important in the differential diagnosis and treatment of @entity13189 and @entity2747 .

title: The association of Fuchs's corneal endothelial dystrophy with @entity3467 , @entity8707 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['ametropia']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['axial hypermetropia', 'hypermetropia']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['shallow anterior chamber']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'corneal oedema']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Comparison of these eyes with the fellow eyes']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ["Fuchs's dystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['angle closure glaucoma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate an anti-infective surgical protocol for the treatment of @entity737 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six implants in 24 partially dentate @entity1 with moderate to advanced @entity737 were treated using an anti-infective surgical protocol incorporating open flap debridement and implant surface decontamination, with adjunctive systemic @entity115 and @entity868 . Treatment outcomes were assessed at 3, 6 and 12  months. @entity1 -based statistical analyses using multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: There was 100% survival of treated implants at 12  months. At 3  months, there were statistically significant (P  <  0.01) reductions in mean @entity92 ( @entity92 ), Bleeding on Probing (BoP) and suppuration. The greater the mean @entity92 at baseline, the greater the @entity92 reduction at 3  months. At 3  months, there was also a significant mean facial mucosal recession of 1  mm (P  <  0.001). All these changes were maintained at 6 and 12  months. At 12  months, all treated implants had a mean @entity92  <  5  mm, while 47% of the implants had complete resolution of @entity32 (BoP negative). At 12  months, 92% of implants had stable crestal bone levels or @entity79 . There were no significant effects of smoking on any of the treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of @entity737 , an anti-infective protocol incorporating surgical access, implant surface decontamination and systemic antimicrobials followed by a strict postoperative protocol was effective at 3  months with the results maintained for up to 12  months after treatment.

title: Anti-infective surgical therapy of XXXX . A 12-month prospective clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implantitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone gain']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depths']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['peri-implantitis']


abstract: Blacks in the US experience increased mortality (1113 versus 745 per 100,000 males; 631 versus 411 per 100,000 females) and decreased life expectancy (63.7 years versus 70.7 years for males; 72.3 years versus 78.1 years for females); compared to Whites. In an effort to determine if the excess mortality among Black Americans might be explained by differences in access or quality of health care services, we performed a race-specific analysis of conditions for which mortality is largely avoidable given timely and appropriate medical care. Using methodology proposed by Rutstein and Charlton, mortality due to 12 causes was evaluated including @entity378 , @entity5 , @entity978 , @entity6331 , @entity101 , @entity1576 , @entity55 and @entity3617 , @entity683 , @entity565 , @entity698 , @entity547 and @entity2679 . In the US, during 1980 to 1986, an average of 17,366 @entity204 and 286,813 years of potential life (YPLL) before age 65 were lost each year due to all 12 sentinel causes combined. Of these causes, @entity101 , @entity55 and @entity3617 , @entity5 and @entity565 accounted for the greatest number of @entity204 . The mortality rate for all 12 causes combined among Blacks was 4.5 times that of Whites. The highest relative rates among Blacks compared to Whites were observed for @entity378 , @entity101 and @entity565 . The overall mortality rate in the District of Columbia for the selected causes was 3.7 times the national rate. Compared to national rates, statistically significant elevated rates in the District were observed for @entity378 , @entity101 and @entity55 and @entity3617 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Black/white comparisons of XXXX preventable by medical intervention: United States and the District of Columbia 1980-1986.

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: AIM: To present own experience of internal drainage and characteristics of its different variants which are applied in various countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Endosonography-assisted internal drainage of @entity9007 was performed in 25 @entity1 . Plastic stents were implanted in one stage without change of instruments while metal stents - with change of instruments during manipulation. RESULTS: Intervention was successful in 24 @entity1 . In 1 case bleeding developed during cystostomy that required open surgery. Plastic and metal stents were used in 11 and 12 @entity1 respectively. 1 @entity1 had two @entity9007 . Therefore 2 stents of both types were used in this case. Clinical success was achieved in 91% of cases. CONCLUSION: Different variants of method resolve problem of surgical approach, stomy and choice of stent. However every technique is targeted to resolve separate problem while single method is not accepted. Further large comparative studies are necessary to define optimal technique of internal drainage.

title: [Methods of internal drainage of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']


abstract: @entity6940 is the aetiological agent of @entity6938 , a disease marked by flaccid paralysis that can progress to @entity2063 and @entity204 . This species is defined by the production of one of the botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which are the most potent toxins known. Because of their potency, these toxins have the potential to be used as biological weapons, and therefore @entity6940 has been classified as a category A select agent. There are four related but antigenically distinct BoNT types that cause disease in @entity1 , A, B, E and F. The @entity19 bioassay is the current gold standard by which BoNTs are confirmed. However, this method is expensive, slow and labour-intensive. Although PCR-based assays have been used extensively for the detection of BoNT-producing bacteria in food, animals and faecal samples, and recently to help diagnose disease in @entity1 , no real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay has yet been developed that can identify and differentiate all four BoNTs that cause disease in @entity1 . This report describes the development of a qPCR single-tube assay that uniquely identifies these four BoNTs responsible for @entity1 disease. A total of 79 @entity6940 isolates with varying toxin types was evaluated in this study, as well as numerous near-neighbours and other bacterial species. The results showed that this quadruplex assay was capable of detecting any of the four toxin genes in a given sample at a sensitivity of about 130-840 fg genomic DNA and could detect the presence of up to all four BoNT genes simultaneously in a given sample. The assay was also functional in the presence of extraneous organic matter commonly found in various environmental samples.

title: A quadruplex real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and differentiation of the XXXX toxin genes A, B, E and F.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium botulinum', 'C. botulinum']

answer: @entity6940 :: (1491,Species) :: ['Clostridium botulinum']


abstract: This is a case control study of recurrent versus non-recurrent @entity6690 . The aim was to identify the risk factors and causative micro-organisms associated with recurrence of @entity6690 . Data was collected through an anonymous questionnaire. Weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index and a specimen was drawn from a lesion for culture. A nasal swab was taken to identify nasal @entity794 carriers. @entity794 was the causative organism in 89 percent and 100 percent of recurrent and non-recurrent furuncles, respectively. No significant difference was detected in resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important independent predictor of recurrence was a positive family history. The other independent predictors were @entity417 , previous antibiotic therapy, @entity6 , previous hospitalization, multiplicity of lesions, personal hygiene and associated @entity272 . Nearly all these risk factors are modifiable, preventable, and/or controllable by simple measures such as sound personal hygiene and a balanced diet. Further research is needed to study if the same organism is implicated in recurrent cases and to test the feasibility as well as cost-benefit of prophylactic use of antibiotics. It is not advisable to use antibiotics to clear nasal carrier of @entity794 in our culture with the large number of possible sources of re-infection other than nasal nares.

title: Risk factors of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity6690 :: ('MESH:D005667', 'Disease') :: ['furunculosis']

answer: @entity6690 :: (MESH:D005667,Disease) :: ['furunculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study tested the usefulness of @entity1507 -enhanced @entity4214 201 imaging for detecting myocardial viability. BACKGROUND: Previous work suggests that @entity3362 enhance the ability of (201)Tl imaging to detect viable @entity1562 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity453 underwent (201)Tl imaging at rest, after 4 hours of redistribution, and during intravenous @entity12118 infusion (mean dose = 5.96 +/- 5.37 microgram/kg/min). Twelve @entity1 had their echocardiograms repeated after revascularization. Perfusion and wall motion were scored from 0 to 2 (absent to normal). RESULTS: All the regions identified as viable by the rest/redistribution pair of scans were identified as viable by the rest/ @entity12118 pair of scans. Ninety-one percent of these regions were identified as viable by the single @entity12118 scan alone. In @entity1 who underwent revascularization, the total (201)Tl perfusion score improved from 193 to 214 after revascularization (P =.009). Wall motion score improved from 151 to 168 after revascularization (P =.09). Both the rest/ @entity12118 and rest/redistribution studies correctly predicted 14 (88%) of 16 regions that improved after revascularization. Most importantly, the rest/ @entity12118 and rest/redistribution studies were able to predict postrevascularization myocardial viability (absence of akinesis or dyskinesis after revascularization), with a sensitivity of 95% and 92%, respectively, and a predictive accuracy of 84.4%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12118 infusion during (201)Tl imaging is a useful technique for detecting underperfused, viable @entity1562 , requires less time to perform than rest/redistribution imaging, and may allow detection of viable @entity1562 with a single (201)Tl single-photon emission computed tomographic study.

title: Nitrate-enhanced thallium 201 single-photon emission computed tomography imaging in hibernating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine', 'Nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: @entity6383 has been suggested to exert lipid lowering effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of @entity6383 on total @entity165 and on other lipoproteins in a controlled trial involving @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Seventeen female @entity1 with @entity1252 were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose pilot study comparing placebo with @entity6383 at daily doses of 400 and 800 mg. The primary endpoint was alteration in total @entity165 . @entity1 were evaluated at two screening visits pretreatment and at three monthly follow-up visits. At all visits, a fasting panel of lipoproteins, disease activity, and adverse drug effects were assessed. There were no significant alterations in lipoproteins in @entity1 receiving placebo. Treatment with 400 mg/day of @entity6383 resulted in a significant decrease in total @entity165 (mean decrease of 11.6 mg/dL). Treatment with 800 mg/day of @entity6383 resulted in a significant decreases in total @entity165 (mean decrease of 13.4 mg/dL), @entity1674 , very low density lipoproteins, @entity165 , and the ratios of total @entity165 /high density lipoprotein @entity165 and low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein @entity165 . More adverse effects were noted among @entity1 receiving the high dose (800 mg/day). @entity6383 affects a significant reduction in total @entity165 in @entity1 with @entity1252 . The findings of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial support the conclusions of earlier open trials. This lipid-lowering effect may be an added benefit of @entity6383 treatment in these @entity1 with a high prevalence of @entity65 .

title: @entity6383 Effects on Lipoprotein Profiles (the HELP trial): A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Study In @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxychloroquine', 'hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']