abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background The involvement of the peripheral nervous system in @entity1 with @entity1593 is particularly rare. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the need for neurophysiological testing in @entity1593 @entity1 without @entity16 in order to detect early subclinical @entity16 and its possible correlations with clinical and demographic characteristics. Methods Two hundred and twenty consecutive @entity1 with @entity1593 were screened for @entity16 and signs, and those without symptoms or signs were included. Also, @entity1 with comorbidities associated with @entity1897 or a history of @entity16 were excluded. The remaining 167 asymptomatic @entity1 as well as 100 control cases were tested electro-physiologically for @entity1897 . Motor nerve conduction studies, including F-waves, were performed for the median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves, and sensory nerve conduction studies were performed for the median, ulnar, and sural nerves with H reflex of the soleus muscle unilaterally. All studies were carried out using surface recording electrodes. Normative values established in our laboratory were used. Results Evidence for subclinical @entity16 was not determined with electrophysiological studies in any of the @entity1 . Conclusion In this highly selective @entity1593 group without any signs, symptoms as well as the predisposing factors for @entity305 , we did not determine any cases with @entity16 . With these results we can conclude that in asymptomatic cases with @entity1593 electrophysiological studies are not necessary. However, larger studies with the electrophysiological studies performed at different stages of disease at follow-ups are warranted.

title: PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL SCREENING IN XXXX WITH CELIAC DISEASE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms', 'neuropathy', 'neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nervous system diseases', 'peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['CHILDREN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The approved use of @entity9381 for prophylaxis of @entity10 in @entity1 with @entity2704 ( @entity2704 ) involves treatment every 12   weeks. It is currently unknown whether @entity1 who fail to respond to the first @entity9381 treatment cycle will respond to subsequent treatment cycles. To help inform decisions about treating non-responders, we examined the probability of treatment cycle 1 non-responders responding in cycle 2, and cycle 1 and 2 non-responders responding in cycle 3. METHODS: Pooled PREEMPT data (two studies: a 24-week, 2-cycle, double-blind, randomised (1:1), placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase, followed by a 32-week, 3-cycle, open-label phase) evaluated @entity9381 (155-195   U) for prophylaxis of @entity10 in @entity1 with @entity2704 (>= 15   days/month with @entity10 >= 4   h/day). End points of interest included the proportion of study @entity1 who first achieved a >= 50% reduction in @entity10 days, moderate/severe @entity10 days, total cumulative hours of @entity10 on @entity10 days, or a >= 5-point improvement in @entity10 ( @entity10 )-6. For treatment cycle 1, all eligible @entity1 were included. For subsequent cycles, responders in a previous cycle were no longer considered first responders. RESULTS: Among @entity9381 -treated @entity1 (n=688) 49.3% had a >= 50% reduction in @entity10 -day frequency during treatment cycle 1, with 11.3% and 10.3% of @entity1 first responding during cycles 2 and 3, respectively. 54.2%, 11.6% and 7.4% of @entity1 first responded with a >= 50% reduction in cumulative hours of @entity10 , and 56.3%, 14.5% and 7.7% of @entity1 first responded with a >= 5-point improvement in total @entity10 -6 during treatment cycles 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A meaningful proportion of @entity1 with @entity2704 treated with @entity9381 who did not respond to the first treatment cycle responded in the second and third cycles of treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00156910, NCT00168428.

title: Per cent of @entity1 with XXXX who responded per @entity9381 treatment cycle: PREEMPT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'chronic migraine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Impact Test', 'HIT', 'headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity9381 :: ('MESH:C542870', 'Chemical') :: ['onabotulinumtoxinA']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['chronic migraine']


abstract: In attenuated Sabin strains, point mutations within stem-loop V of the 5'-non-coding region (NCR) reduce neurovirulence and cell-specific cap-independent translation. The stem-loop V attenuation determinants lie within the highly structured internal ribosome entry site. Although stem-loop V Sabin mutations have been proposed to alter RNA secondary structure, efforts to identify such conformational changes have been unsuccessful. A previously described linker-scanning mutation (X472) modified five @entity2036 adjacent to the attenuation determinant at nt 480 [for @entity9925 ) type 1]. Transfection of X472 RNA generated only pseudo-revertants in HeLa (cervical carcinoma) or SK-N-SH ( @entity521 ) cells. Pseudo-revertants from both cell types contained @entity377 changes within the X472 linker. In addition, some @entity521 -isolated revertants revealed second site mutations within the @entity7391 -rich region located approximately 100 nt distal to the original lesion. Enzymatic RNA structure probing determined that the X472 linker substitution did not disrupt the overall conformation of stem-loop V but abolished base pairing adjacent to the attenuation determinant. Our analyses correlated increased base pairing proximal to the stem-loop V attenuation determinant with growth of X472 revertant RNAs (measured by northern blot analysis). Potential roles of second site mutations in the @entity7391 -rich region are discussed. In addition, our enzymatic structure probing results are shown on a consensus secondary structure model for stem-loop V of the PV 5'-NCR.

title: RNA structure adjacent to the attenuation determinant in the 5'-non-coding region influences XXXX viability.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: Progress in the modification of conventional coronary risk factors and lifestyle behavior has reduced the incidence of @entity453 ; nonetheless, it continues to be the leading cause of mortality in the world. This might be attributed to the defective risk stratifying and prevention strategy for @entity453 . In the current clinical setting, @entity453 risk is estimated on the basis of identifying and quantifying only traditional risk factors; it does not take into consideration nontraditional risk factors. In addition, most of the prevailing therapies for @entity731 are targeted toward traditional risk factors rather than @entity731 itself. It is desirable to develop a method that can directly assess the activity of atherogenesis at every moment. Endothelial function is an integrated index of all atherogenic and atheroprotective factors present in an individual including nontraditional factors and heretofore unknown factors, and it is reported to have additional predictive value for future cardiovascular events to traditional risk factors. Moreover, endothelial function has a pivotal role in all phases of @entity731 , from initiation to @entity532 , and is reversible at every phase, indicating that endothelial function-guided therapies might be effective and feasible in cardiovascular practice. Thus, the introduction of endothelial function testing into clinical practice might enable us to innovate individualized cardiovascular medicine. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of @entity409 to atherogenesis and review the methods that assess endothelial function. Finally, we focus on the effects of major antiatherosclerotic disease therapies on endothelial function and argue the possibility of noninvasive assessment of endothelial function aiming at individualized cardiovascular medicine.

title: XXXX and @entity453 : assessment, prognosis, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'atherosclerotic coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic complication']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At present long-acting @entity1943 analogs represent the first-line medical treatment of @entity2012 . These drugs produce stable suppression of GH in most sensitive @entity1 and @entity442 normalization in many; they also increase the compliance of acromegalic @entity1 . The recent availability of @entity2390 (OC)-LAR, a @entity1943 analog to be administered at 28-day intervals, has prompted us to compare, in the same group of @entity1 , its effects and those of another @entity1943 analog already available, @entity18245 (LSR, to be administered at 14-day intervals). @entity1 : Twelve @entity1943 analog-sensitive acromegalic @entity1 with active disease were enrolled in a prospective open sequential study after giving their informed consent. After chronic treatment with LSR (6-24 months), the @entity1 were changed to treatment with OC-LAR, without wash-out. LSR had been administered at individually tailored dosages (30 mg i.m. at 7-21-day intervals, median 10 days - every 7 days in seven @entity1 , 10 days in two @entity1 , 14 days in two @entity1 and 21 days in one @entity1 ) according to GH and @entity442 responses. Disease stability was obtained, as shown by maximal GH/ @entity442 suppression without any significant hormonal change between the last two control measurements. OC-LAR was administered i.m. at 28-day intervals six times at the dosage of 20 mg for the first three times and 10 or 30 mg for the last three times (according to individual GH/ @entity442 responses). GH (mean of three, hourly samples) and @entity442 concentrations were evaluated on the same day as each administration of the drug, before its injection. RESULTS: GH and @entity442 values were significantly decreased by LSR treatment. GH decreased from 41.6 +/- 14.6 microg/l (mean +/- s.e.) to 7.2 +/- 1.5 microg/l (P < 0.02), whereas @entity442 values declined from 959 +/- 95 microg/l to 460 +/- 61 microg/l (P < 0.00001), expressed as absolute values, and from 287 +/- 30% to 137 +/- 19% expressed as percentage of the upper limit of normal range (% ULNR). At the end of the last cycle, OC-LAR treatment achieved a significant further suppression both in GH (to 5.1 +/- 1.1 microg/l, P < 0.05 compared with LSR) and in @entity442 concentrations (to 374 +/- 60 microg/l, P<0.05 compared with LSR, and to 112 +/- 19% as % ULNR). LSR decreased GH concentrations to less than 2.5 microg/l in one @entity1 and normalized @entity442 concentrations in four @entity1 . OC-LAR decreased GH concentrations to less than 2.5 microg/l in four @entity1 and normalized or near-normalized @entity442 concentrations (i.e. to < 110% ULNR) in eight @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results show that the once-monthly OC-LAR administration schedule proved more efficacious than LSR given every 7-21 days, in a greater number of acromegalic @entity1 .

title: A comparison between @entity2390 -LAR and lanreotide-SR in the chronic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['lanreotide-SR']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: PURPOSE: miRNAs have been linked to chemosensitivity of @entity0 cells in vitro. In @entity1 , however, there is no clinically validated method for predicting chemotherapy response. The aim of this study was to assess whether (I) a specific pattern of miRNA expression in pretherapeutic biopsies can predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and (II) differential miRNA expression in @entity41 after completion of chemotherapy allows further prognostic stratification of non-responding @entity1 . METHODS: Sixty-four @entity1 with newly diagnosed large (>= 3  cm) or locally advanced primary @entity0 who underwent neoadjuvant @entity5948 / @entity3907 -based chemotherapy were included. Relative expression of 10 miRNAs likely to be associated with chemotherapy response ( @entity12333 ,-21,-29a,-29b,-34a,-125b,-155,-200c,-340,-451) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR from pretherapeutic biopsies (n  =  64) and residual invasive @entity5 after chemotherapy (n  =  42). Pathologic complete response (pCR) defined by absence of invasive @entity5 served as reference standard. In addition, miRNA expression was compared with disease-free and overall survival. RESULTS: Nine (14%) of 64 @entity1 achieved pCR. High expression of @entity12333 and low expression of @entity9068 in pretherapeutic biopsies predicted pCR with a negative predictive value of 96 and 97%, respectively (specificity 54 and 57%). The combined profile of @entity12333 (high)/ @entity9068 (low) demonstrated improved specificity of 86% while maintaining a high negative predictive value (96%) to identify non-responders. Pretherapeutic expression of @entity18076 and @entity10015 showed prognostic information, and low expression was associated with increased overall survival (115 vs. 90  months, p  <=   0.03). After chemotherapy, the overall survival of @entity1 with residual invasive @entity5 was better for those demonstrating low @entity12333 or high miR-125b (p  =  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Intratumoral expression of @entity12333 and @entity9068 prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy could be used to predict pCR and a profile of @entity12333 (low) or @entity9068 (high) identified @entity1 unlikely to achieve pCR who might benefit from alternative treatment options including earlier surgery. Our study identifies miRNAs as promising predictive biomarkers, which could aid in optimization of @entity0 management and treatment stratification.

title: MicroRNAs @entity12333 and @entity9068 predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify characteristics of pediatric @entity1 who develop acute acquired comitant @entity5971 (AACE) with and without @entity1504 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 48 @entity1 consecutively referred to the hospital with AACE during a 13-year period. Inclusion criteria were acute onset of comitant @entity5971 , available data on ophthalmologic, orthoptic and neurologic examinations. @entity1 with neurological signs, AACE recurrence or @entity3467 <+3 dioptres (D) underwent brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. @entity1 without imaging were followed. RESULTS: In all, 48 cases were recorded. The mean age at onset was 4.7  years, being significantly higher among @entity1 with @entity1504 . Seven cause-specific types of AACE in childhood were identified: The acute accommodative (n  =  15, 31%), decompensated @entity751 or @entity5971 (n  =  13, 27%), idiopathic (n  =  9, 19%), @entity1504 (n  =  3, 6%), occlusion related (n  =  3, 6%), AACE secondary to different @entity66 (n  =  3, 6%) and cyclic AACE (n  =  2, 4%). @entity1504 included @entity1276 , pontine and @entity9479 . Of the @entity1 with @entity1504 , 2 of 3 had no obvious neurological signs at onset. Four significant risk factors for @entity1504 were identified as follows: larger esodeviation at distance, recurrence of AACE, neuro signs ( @entity1829 ) and older age at onset (>6  years). CONCLUSION: In a large case series of @entity1 with AACE and by review of literature, we identified seven cause-specific types of AACE. @entity1504 was present in 6%, and four risk factors were identified to guide clinicians when to perform brain imaging. Findings suggest AACE of childhood to be differentiated from AACE of adulthood.

title: Acute acquired comitant XXXX of childhood: a classification based on 48 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aetiologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esophoria', 'esotropia']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial disease', 'intracranial disease']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic glioma']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['monofixation syndrome']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity5145 has been described radiographically in @entity1 following @entity912 from @entity1566 . Onset of these findings after @entity1971 have not been reported previously. Furthermore, the magnetic resonance documentation of its early evolution has not been recorded. PURPOSE: We report a case of early-onset @entity5145 shown by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a @entity1 with @entity1971 due to bilateral @entity1642 . STUDY DESIGN: Unique case study review, one case. METHODS: Review of the clinical case notes and imaging including initial and subsequent MR imaging. RESULTS: The initial MRI of the lumbosacral spine showed bilateral @entity1642 with a @entity85 . The vertebral bodies were normal on the initial computed tomography and MRI studies, which did not reveal pre-existing features of @entity6592 . The second MRI performed 5 months later clearly showed @entity1511 at multiple vertebral levels with partial resolution 18 months post injury. CONCLUSION: @entity5145 in @entity1 with @entity912 due to @entity1566 is well documented in the English language literature, but until now this has not been demonstrated by MRI. It is a rare complication of traumatic @entity1971 that commences soon after the traumatic event and can resolve spontaneously.

title: MRI of inflammatory XXXX following traumatic @entity1971 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['Spondyloarthropathy', 'spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord trauma']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['sacral insufficiency fractures']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity5145 :: (MESH:D025242,Disease) :: ['spondyloarthropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is predominately a disease of older @entity1 , with a median age of diagnosis of 68 years and 71% of @entity5 deaths occurring in those over 75 years of age. While @entity263 screening is not recommended for @entity1 >70 years, fit elderly @entity1 with controlled comorbidities may have a relatively long life expectancy. We compare the use of age related @entity11179 with the detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells mCPCs to detect clinically significant PC in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing PC screening with a @entity11179 >4.0ng/ml underwent TRUS 12 core prostate biopsy (PB). Age, @entity11179 results defined as @entity5 /no- @entity5 , Gleason, number of positive cores and percentage infiltration were registered. @entity1 had an 8ml blood sample taken for mCPC detection; mononuclear cells were obtained using differential gel centrifugation and mCPCs were identified using immunocytochemistry with anti- @entity11179 and anti- @entity12877 . A mCPC was defined as a cell expressing @entity11179 and @entity12877 ; a positive test as at least one mCPC detected/sample. Diagnostic yields for subgroups were calculated and the number of avoided PBs registered. Esptein criteria were used to define small grade @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 610 @entity1 underwent PB, 398 of whom were aged <70yrs. @entity1 over 70 yrs had: a higher median @entity11179 , 6.24ng/ml versus 5.59ng/ml (p=0.04); and a higher frequency of @entity5 detected 90/212 (43%) versus 134/398 (34%) (p=0.032). Some 34/134 @entity5 in @entity1 <70yrs versus 22/90 (24%) of @entity1 >70yrs complied with criteria for active surveillance. CPC detection: 154/398 (39%) @entity1 <70yrs were CPC (+), specificity for @entity5 86%, sensitivity 88%, 14/16 with a false (-) result had a small low grade PC. In @entity1 >70 years, 88/212 (42%) were CPC (+); specificity 92%, sensitivity 87%, 10/12 with a false (-) had small low grade @entity5 . False (+) results were more common in younger @entity1 36/154 versus 10/88 (p<0.02). With a @entity11179 cutoff of 6.5ng/ml, in @entity1 <70yrs, 108 PB would be avoided, missing 56 @entity5 of which 48 were clinically significant. Using CPC detection, 124 biopsies would be avoided, missing only 2 clinically significant @entity5 . In @entity1 >70 yrs using a @entity11179 >6.5ng/ml would have resulted in 108 PB with 34 PC detected, of which 14(41%) were small low grade @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of CPC detection in the fit elderly significantly decreases the number of PBs without missing clinically significant @entity5 , indicating superiority to the use of age-related @entity11179 .

title: @entity263 Screening in the Fit Chilean Elderly: a Head to Head Comparison of Total Serum @entity11179 versus Age Adjusted @entity11179 versus Primary Circulating Prostate Cells to Detect XXXX at Initial Biopsy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Single-unit activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus was recorded in free-moving @entity468 in response to i.v. administration of @entity750 ( @entity750 )1A agonist and antagonist drugs. The 5-HT1A agonist drugs @entity10097 ( @entity10097 ), @entity18979 , @entity5633 and @entity16743 produced a rapid, dose-dependent inhibition of neuronal activity. @entity10097 (ED50 = 1.5 micrograms/kg) was approximately 45 times more potent than @entity18979 , @entity5633 or @entity16743 (ED50 range = 6.0-6.8 micrograms/kg) in producing inhibition, and all drugs were more effective when @entity468 were inactive (e.g., drowsiness) than during periods of behavioral arousal (e.g., active waking). Administration of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor antagonist @entity11054 (0.25 and 1 mg/kg) produced a rapid, dose-dependent increase in the firing rate, suggesting that under physiological conditions serotonergic neurons are controlled by tonic feedback inhibition. This effect was evident during wakefulness (a period of relatively high neuronal activity), but not during sleep (a period of relatively low neuronal activity). @entity11054 also blocked the inhibitory action of @entity10097 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. There was a strong positive correlation between the magnitude of @entity11054 -induced neuronal activation and blockade of @entity10097 -induced neuronal suppression. These effects of @entity11054 cannot be attributed to its dopaminergic D2 or serotonergic 5-HT2 antagonist properties, because administration of @entity1767 and @entity7301 produced no increase in neuronal activity and did not block the action of @entity10097 . These results confirm the marked sensitivity of serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus neurons to selective 5-HT1A agonist compounds in unanesthetized animals and suggest that 5-HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors exert a tonic inhibitory influence on the firing rate of these neurons during periods of behavioral activation, but not during periods of behavioral quiescence.

title: Single-unit responses of serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons to 5-HT1A agonist and antagonist drug administration in behaving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity10097 :: ('MESH:D017371', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin', '8-OH-DPAT']

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['Spiperone', 'spiperone']

entities_list: @entity18979 :: ('MESH:C043077', 'Chemical') :: ['ipsapirone']

entities_list: @entity16743 :: ('MESH:D008732', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['ritanserin']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pelvic and para aortic lymph nodes are the common sites of @entity3 in @entity1204 . The role of lymphadenectomy is widely discussed in literature with varying results. In this study we did a retrospective analysis of @entity1204 @entity1 to correlate lymphadenectomy with overall and disease free survival. Methods: A retrospective review of 110 @entity1 with @entity189 endometrium who underwent staging laparotomy at our institute during the period 2006-2010. @entity1 who underwent node dissections were categorized as group I and the rest as group II. Median lymph node count was 10. Grade of the @entity5 , nodal status and lymphadenectomy were correlated with overall and disease free survival. Conclusion: Lymph node @entity3 and grade of @entity5 are significant predictors of survival. Lymphadenectomy did not show significant survival benefit. It has helped to upstage the disease so that appropriate adjuvant therapy could be planned. A prospective randomized control trial with complete pelvic and para aortic node dissection and uniform adjuvant therapy considering nodal status may help to answer the @entity911 regarding lymphadenectomy.

title: Role of Lymphadenectomy And Its Impact On Survival In XXXX - An Institutional Experience.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial Carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether and when individuals with @entity2026 and healthy controls use lexical and prosodic information during on-line sentence comprehension. Individuals with @entity2026 and controls (n = 12 per group) participated in a self-paced listening experiment. The stimuli were early closure sentences, such as "While the parents watched(,) the @entity1 sang a song." Both lexical and prosodic cues were manipulated. The cues were biased toward the subject- or object- of the ambiguous noun phrase (the @entity1 ). Thus, there were two congruous conditions (in which both lexical cues and prosodic cues were consistent) and two incongruous conditions (in which lexical and prosodic cues conflicted). The results showed that the @entity1 with @entity2026 had longer listening times for the ambiguous noun phrase (the @entity1 ) when the cues were conflicting, rather than consistent. The controls showed effects earlier in the sentence, at the subordinate verb (watched or danced). Both groups showed evidence of reanalysis at the main verb (sang). These effects demonstrate that the aphasic group was sensitive to the lexical and prosodic cues, but used them on a delayed time course relative to the control group.

title: Lexical and prosodic effects on syntactic ambiguity resolution in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'people']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Smoking has been linked to @entity66 . The purpose of this study is to investigate the smoking habits of motor vehicular driver @entity130 center @entity1 and their association with previous injury history and @entity146 . METHODS: The studied population included 323 motor vehicular @entity130 @entity1 (123 smokers and 200 non-smokers) interviewed as part of a larger study of @entity734 at an adult Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 with @entity542 , hospital stays of less than two days, and diminished cognition were excluded. Interviews included demographics (age, gender, race, marital status), socioeconomic status (SES; income, education, employment), @entity146 (seatbelt non-use, drinking and driving, riding with drunk driver, binge drinking), and @entity130 history information (vehicular, assault, and other injuries). @entity734 ( @entity167 and @entity734 ) was evaluated in depth using DSM III-R criteria. Smokers and non-smokers were compared in relation to control and dependent variables using student's t test and chi-square (alpha = 0.05). Outcome variables included previous @entity130 history and @entity146 . Multiple logistic regression models using step-down selection methods (alpha = 0.05) were constructed with @entity146 and @entity130 history as dependent variables including demographics, SES and substance as independent variables. RESULTS: Smokers represented 38 percent of the 323 @entity1 studied. Smokers (n = 123) were younger (34 vs. 43 years), more likely to be male (72 percent vs. 50 percent), not married (72 percent vs. 56 percent), and had higher rates of @entity167 (29 percent vs. 9 percent) and @entity734 (14 percent vs. 3 percent) than non-smokers (n = 200). Educational achievement (20 percent vs. 15 percent less than high school) and income level (24 percent vs. 23 percent with less than  15,000 of yearly income) were not different between smokers and non-smokers. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to have a history of prior vehicular @entity130 (48 percent vs. 26 percent), assault (25 percent vs. 9 percent), or other injury (50 percent vs 37 percent). The following injury-prone behaviors were also more common among the smokers than non-smokers: seatbelt non-use (49 percent vs. 29 percent), drinking and driving (38 percent vs. 15 percent), riding with drunk driver (38 percent vs. 13 percent), and binge drinking (68 percent vs. 26 percent). In multiple logistic regression models adjusting for demographics, SES, and @entity734 , smoking revealed significantly higher odds ratios (OR) for the following dependent variables: seatbelt non-use (OR = 2.9), riding with drunk driver (OR = 2.2), binge drinking (OR = 2.4), previous vehicular (OR = 2.0), and @entity130 (OR = 2.5). Smoking did not reach significance for drinking and driving and other (non-vehicular and non-assault) injury. CONCLUSION: Smoking is independently associated with @entity146 and repeated history of @entity130 within the vehicular @entity130 population.

title: Smoking is a marker of XXXX independent of @entity734 in injured drivers.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease and injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['risky behaviors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependence', 'Substance abuse', 'psychoactive substance use disorders', 'substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['assault injuries', 'vehicular or assault injury', 'trauma', 'driver injury']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['risky behaviors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the signal factor and its function in the medium-mediated bystander effect during heavy-ion irradiation of @entity1 salivary gland (HSG) neoplastic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Unirradiated recipient HSG cells were co-cultivated with HSG donor cells irradiated with 290 MeV/u @entity505 beams having different LET values. Cell proliferation and micronucleus (MN) induction in recipient cells with and without treatment of a NO scavenger (PTIO) were measured and the concentration of @entity3542 in the co-culture medium was detected. As a direct control, the effects of a @entity842 (NO) generator (sper/NO) on cell proliferation and MN induction were also examined. RESULTS: Increases in cell proliferation and MN induction were found in the recipient HSG cells as a result of co-culturing and cell proliferation was obviously enhanced during a further subculture. In comparison with 13keV/microm, 100keV/microm @entity505 -ion irradiation was found to be a more efficient inducer of the medium-mediated bystander effect. The treatment of cells by @entity12739 resulted in elimination of such effects, which supports a role for NO in the medium-mediated bystander effect. As an oxidization product of NO, @entity3542 was detected in the co-culture medium, and the dose-response for its concentration was similar to that of cell proliferation and MN induction in the recipient cells. When the HSG cells were treated by sper/NO with a concentration of less than 20 microM cell proliferation was enhanced, whereas MN increased along with sper/NO concentration. CONCLUSION: NO participated in the medium-mediated bystander effects on cell proliferation and MN induction, depending on the LET of irradiation.

title: @entity842 -mediated bystander effect induced by heavy-ions in XXXX salivary gland tumour cells.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several important advances in general medical management both before and after renal transplantation have occurred over the last 5-15 years, however, few studies have formally examined trends in the outcomes of renal transplantation. We, therefore, aimed to determine the degree to which these advances have resulted in improved outcomes such as survival of @entity1 and graft. METHODS: We analyzed the rates of @entity204 and graft failure among the 11,482 Canadians with @entity454 who received a kidney transplant in 1981-98. @entity1 were followed from the date of transplantation to the date of graft failure, the date of @entity204 or the end of the observation period, namely, Dec. 31, 1998, depending on which was the earliest. Rate ratios for mortality and graft failure--ratios of the rate for each calendar period to the rate for the arbitrarily chosen reference period, 1981-85--were estimated with a piece-wise exponential model that adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, primary renal diagnosis, follow-up time and donor-organ source. RESULTS: The rates and adjusted rate ratios for @entity204 and graft failure decreased significantly and steadily over time. Relative to 1981-85, the adjusted mortality rate ratios were 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.89), 0.65 (95% CI 0.52-0.82) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.41-0.67) for 1986-89, 1990-94 and 1995-98 respectively, and the adjusted graft failure rate ratios were 0.68 (95% CI 0.60-0.78), 0.62 (95% CI 0.54-0.70) and 0.51 (95% CI 0.44-0.58) respectively. The decrease was mostly among the cadaveric-organ recipients. Calendar period was as important a predictor of outcome as well-known prognostic factors such as age and primary renal diagnosis. INTERPRETATION: Decreases in mortality rates are probably related to refinements in @entity1 management. Decreases in graft failure rates are probably the result of a combination of improved immunotherapy and better management of nonimmunologic conditions such as @entity101 and @entity407 .

title: Trends in mortality and graft failure for renal transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Cross-Canada Anaphylaxis Registry (C-CARE) assesses the triggers and management of @entity2021 and identifies predictors of the development of severe @entity56 and of @entity1425 use. Here, we present data from an urban adult tertiary care @entity341 ( @entity341 ) in Montreal, Canada. METHODS: Potential @entity2021 cases were identified using ICD-10 codes related to @entity2021 or @entity56 . Putative cases underwent chart review to ensure they met @entity2021 diagnostic criteria. Demographic, clinical and management data were collected. Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to assess the effect of demographic characteristics, triggers, and comorbidities on severity and management of reactions. RESULTS: Among 37,730 @entity341 visits, 0.26% (95% CI 0.21, 0.32) fulfilled the definition of @entity2021 . Food was the suspected trigger in almost 60% of cases. @entity1425 was not administered in almost half of moderate-to-severe cases, and similar numbers of individuals with moderate-to-severe reactions were not prescribed an @entity1425 autoinjector. Reaction to shellfish was associated with more severe reactions (OR 13.9; 95% CI 2.2, 89.4). Older individuals and those not receiving @entity230 were more likely managed without @entity1425 (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01, 1.07 and OR 2.97; 95% CI 1.05, 8.39, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Anaphylaxis accounted for a substantial number of @entity341 visits in adults, and the most common trigger was food. There is non-adherence to guidelines recommending @entity1425 use for all cases of @entity2021 . We postulate that this may be related to concerns regarding the side effects of @entity1425 in adults.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Rate, triggers, severity and management of XXXX in adults treated in a canadian @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine', 'epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: Activating and sedating adverse effects of antipsychotics can be obstacles to their use. METHODS/PROCEDURES: This study quantified the activating and sedating properties of first-line oral second-generation antipsychotics by examining the rates of adverse reactions as reported in product labeling for the indications of @entity161 and adjunctive treatment of major @entity308 . Additional data sources included regulatory documents, study synopses, and published study reports. Attributable risk increase and number needed to harm (NNH) were calculated for each agent versus placebo. FINDINGS/RESULTS: Heterogeneity among the different antipsychotics regarding activating or sedating adverse events was observed, with some agents displaying the potential for both activating and sedating properties. For agents indicated for the treatment of @entity161 , predominantly activating medications include @entity8409 (NNH, 11 for @entity2146 vs 20 for @entity2147 ) and @entity66275 (NNH, 15 for @entity2146 vs 65 for @entity2147 -combined terms). Similarly activating and sedating are @entity1090 (NNH, 15 for @entity2146 vs 13 for sedation) and @entity1770 (NNH, 31 for @entity2146 vs 34 for @entity2147 ). Predominantly sedating are @entity1037 , @entity1089 immediate and extended release, @entity1280 , @entity15177 , and @entity41941 . Agents that are neither activating nor sedating are @entity7302 and @entity34826 . For major @entity308 , the overall findings regarding activation and sedation appear similar to those seen with @entity161 . Data extracted were limited to those available from registrational studies that contributed to the adverse event tables contained in the product labels. Postregistrational comparative studies may yield different outcomes. IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Differences in tolerability profiles regarding activation and sedation have implications in terms of selecting the optimal antipsychotic for a given individual.

title: Activating and Sedating Adverse Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in the Treatment of @entity161 and XXXX : Absolute Risk Increase and Number Needed to Harm.

entities_list: @entity15177 :: ('MESH:C522667', 'Chemical') :: ['asenapine']

entities_list: @entity7302 :: ('MESH:C079150', 'Chemical') :: ['paliperidone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity8409 :: ('MESH:C525644', 'Chemical') :: ['lurasidone']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity34826 :: ('MESH:C000591922', 'Chemical') :: ['brexpiprazole']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity41941 :: ('MESH:C081732', 'Chemical') :: ['iloperidone']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity66275 :: ('MESH:C533287', 'Chemical') :: ['cariprazine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Major Depressive Disorder']


abstract: The aim of the study was to examine whether a moderate exercise increases the utilization of @entity1718 during the recovery period in @entity28 @entity1 . Six healthy @entity28 participated in a randomized crossover investigation, one with exercise and one without exercise. At 8 a. m., the subjects had a standardized breakfast and they rested in a sitting position for 3 hours. The subjects were maintained in the sitting position for 4 additional hours in one session. In a second session, they exercised for 60 min at 50 % of their VO(2) max and then returned to the sitting position for 3 hours. @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) values were calculated by indirect calorimetry. During the resting session, plasma non-esterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) and @entity653 concentrations rose progressively, whereas @entity1576 progressively decreased. During the exercise, plasma @entity2661 , @entity3691 , @entity653 , @entity2124 and @entity701 levels and @entity1576 increased while insulin decreased. During the recovery, plasma @entity3691 increased and @entity653 decreased. During the first hour of recovery, @entity1576 values were lower and @entity844 utilization higher than during the same period of the resting session. The study shows that exercise induces modifications in hormonal factors promoting lipid mobilization and suggests that exercise provide substantial amounts of @entity3691 for muscle oxidation during recovery from an exercise bout in @entity28 subjects.

title: Post-exercise increase of lipid oxidation after a moderate exercise bout in untrained healthy @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['RER', 'Respiratory exchange ratio']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: First, @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) and @entity3094 levels were determined simultaneously in the striatum of free-moving @entity35 after administration of their major oxidative enzyme inhibitors followed by @entity167 . The results showed that @entity3094 was present in the @entity58713 (CY) + @entity167 , CY + @entity7084 ( @entity30166 ) + @entity167 and CY + @entity4627 + @entity167 groups. The CY + @entity167 -induced peak @entity3094 level was 195.2 +/- 19.4 microM, and this value was significantly higher than those in the other groups. The peak @entity167 level was 25.9 +/- 2.3mM in the CY + @entity30166 + @entity167 group, and this level was considerably higher than the value in @entity167 . No significant difference in brain @entity167 levels was found in any of the other groups studied. Second, the effects of @entity167 and @entity3094 on @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) and acetylcholinesterase ( @entity4833 ) were investigated in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of high @entity3094 -producing @entity35 using RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that @entity167 and @entity3094 decreased @entity4268 expression at 40 and 240 min after @entity167 dosing in the brain. The @entity3094 -induced reduction in @entity4268 expression was significantly higher than that induced by @entity167 . No remarkable alteration of @entity4833 expression was observed. The study suggested that catalase made a significant contribution to @entity3094 formation in the @entity35 brain, and that @entity167 and @entity3094 decreased @entity4268 expression at 40 and 240 min after @entity167 dosing.

title: @entity1068 and @entity3094 : in vivo quantitation and effects on cholinergic function in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide']

entities_list: @entity7084 :: ('MESH:C010238', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methylpyrazole']

entities_list: @entity58713 :: ('MESH:D003484', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanamide']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Oral administration of antigen leads to specific immune hyporesponsiveness termed as oral tolerance. Different doses and feeding regimens have been demonstrated to induce different types of tolerance and degrees of immune suppression. Herein, we compare distinct different regimens of feeding using equivalent final doses of antigen in order to investigate the role of frequency of antigen uptake in the induction of oral tolerance. We demonstrate that continuous feeding of antigen in the drinking water, as compared to a single feeding or feeding once per day over several days enhances suppression to both @entity630 and @entity61 type responses in B6D2F1 and BALB/c @entity19 . Continuous feeding suppresses antibody responses in aged B6D2F1 @entity19 , which are otherwise refractory to oral tolerance induction. Continuous feeding of ovalbumin (OVA) in high or low doses, as compared to control or single daily feeding over several days, up-regulates @entity1618 ( @entity1618 ) and transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity641 ) production in both OVA TCR transgenic and BALB/c @entity19 . In all regimens tested in wild type @entity19 , low doses were more efficacious than high doses in inducing @entity1618 and @entity641 . Serial feeding (multiple low dose daily gavages) using OVA or @entity10927 ( @entity10927 ), also led to up-regulation of @entity641 and @entity1618 production in OVA TCR and @entity10927 TCR @entity19 , as well as enhanced inhibition of @entity10927 -induced @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) in (PLxSJL) F1 @entity19 . We did not find differences in the cytokine profile between serial (multiple low dose daily gavages) and continuous feeding regimens, suggesting that repetitive discrete delivery of oral antigen provides a sustained signal for the induction of oral tolerance. Thus, using different regimens of feeding that resemble natural feeding with equivalent final doses of antigen, we found enhancement of oral tolerance utilizing regimens that resemble natural feeding. Such feeding regimens may be advantageous in the application of oral tolerance for clinical purposes in the treatment of autoimmune and other inflammatory conditions.

title: Oral tolerance induced by continuous feeding: enhanced up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta/ XXXX and suppression of @entity6503 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity1618 :: (16153(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-10']


abstract: AIMS: Within the brain, subgroups of neurons respond differently to altered @entity413 concentrations. Identification of @entity11095 Y in hypothalamic neurons that sense @entity413 suggests a role for @entity10969 in @entity413 sensing. Using in vitro and in vivo techniques to monitor transmitter release, we investigated whether lowering @entity413 concentration affects the release of @entity11095 Y from the brain, and whether this process is altered in Type I (insulin-dependent) @entity6 . METHODS: Male @entity35 were treated with 48 mg/kg @entity3839 or vehicle intravenously. The effect of reduced @entity413 on endogenous @entity11095 Y overflow from slices of @entity2339 and medulla incubated in Krebs solution was examined 4 weeks later. The @entity2339 was separated into a dorsal region containing the paraventricular nucleus and a ventral region containing the arcuate nucleus. RESULTS: @entity3839 -induced @entity6 increased basal @entity11095 Y overflow in the dorsal and @entity4037 ( p<0.05) but not the medulla. In vitro @entity11095 Y overflow was reduced by low @entity413 in the dorsal @entity2339 in @entity6 , but not in control @entity35 . No effect of reduced @entity413 was observed in the @entity4037 or medulla. In vivo push-pull studies in the paraventricular nucleus also showed greater @entity11095 Y overflow in @entity6 @entity35 relative to control @entity35 ( p<0.05). Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia induced a decrease in @entity11095 Y overflow in @entity6 @entity35 , while an increase was observed in control @entity35 ( p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These region-specific effects of low @entity413 on @entity11095 Y overflow in @entity6 @entity35 support a part for @entity11095 Y in altered @entity413 sensing in @entity1723 .

title: Involvement of @entity10969 in @entity413 sensing in the dorsal @entity2339 of XXXX @entity6 @entity35 - in vitro and in vivo studies of transmitter release.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin', 'Streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hypothalamus']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between the extent of @entity729 ( @entity729 ) and @entity731 . As a result, @entity729 screening could be useful in predicting @entity65 in individuals in whom @entity731 is developing. One possible method of detecting and quantifying @entity729 is by x-ray computed tomography, which potentially allows one to stratify @entity1 into groups requiring risk factor modification or follow-up testing such as myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical utility of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in a cardiology practice setting. A retrospective analysis was performed on data from 794 asymptomatic @entity1 who underwent @entity729 screening over an 8-month period. On the basis of the @entity729 score and physician consultation, 102 @entity1 underwent subsequent myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging. A substudy was also conducted in 306 @entity1 to measure the interscan variability of MDCT across different @entity729 score ranges. @entity729 was detected in 422 of 794 @entity1 . Of these, the @entity729 was moderate (Agatston score = 101-400) in 14% and severe (>400) in 9%. @entity1 with 3 or more cardiac risk factors were most likely to exhibit moderate to severe @entity729 . In myocardial perfusion SPECT testing, no @entity1 with an Agatston score lower than 100 had an abnormal study. In contrast, 41% of @entity1 with severe @entity729 had an abnormal SPECT study. In the reproducibility substudy the minimal @entity729 group had the largest variability (86.0%) whereas the severe @entity729 group had the lowest variability (9.5%). CONCLUSION: @entity729 screening with MDCT is justified for asymptomatic @entity1 with 3 or more cardiac risk factors. However, risk factor assessment is poor at predicting which individuals will have @entity729 if fewer risk factors are present. In terms of the interscan variability, MDCT is capable of following changes in @entity729 for @entity1 with Agatston scores greater than 100. Finally, this study demonstrated that an Agatston score of 400 is a logical threshold to initiate follow-up myocardial perfusion SPECT testing.

title: Coronary calcium screening in asymptomatic XXXX as a guide to risk factor modification and stress myocardial perfusion imaging.

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested genetic variations in @entity16225 ( @entity16225 ) may confer the susceptibility of @entity5 . Many case-control studies have reported the relationship between @entity16225 @entity64090 @entity6344 polymorphism and @entity5 , especially @entity356 and @entity150 . However, the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating the association of @entity64090 polymorphism with @entity5 risk. METHODS: The databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for related publications. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the associations. Fixed models were used when heterogeneity among studies was not detected, otherwise the random model was used. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies from 24 articles with 30,050 @entity5 cases and 51,670 controls were pooled into this meta-analysis. The results showed that the @entity64090 polymorphism was associated with increased @entity5 risk in any genetic model (T vs C, OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08-1.28; TT vs CC, OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.14-1.62; TC vs CC, OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.17-1.44; TT + TC vs CC, OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.18-1.49; TT vs TC + CC, OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02-1.30). In stratified analysis by @entity5 type, we found that the T allele had a significant high risk of @entity150 , but not in other @entity5 . In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, increased @entity5 risk was found in both Asians and Caucasians. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that the @entity16225 @entity64090 @entity6344 polymorphism is a risk factor for @entity5 , especially in @entity150 .

title: @entity16225 XXXX @entity6344 polymorphism contributes to @entity150 risk.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C > T']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity16225 :: ('8000', 'Gene') :: ['PSCA', 'prostate stem cell antigen']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity64090 :: (rs2294008,SNP) :: ['rs2294008']


abstract: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity174 risk are under genetic control. An association of a @entity13285 polymorphism in the @entity3419 binding site of the collagen @entity9216 (COLIa1) gene with the risk for @entity174 has been previously reported. This association is only partly explained by differences in @entity79 . Thus, we analyzed the relationship between the COLIa1 @entity3419 polymorphism and ultrasound (US) transmission velocity (speed of sound; SOS) in bone. In a population-based sample of 740 @entity1 (aged 55-80 years) we determined COLIa1 genotype and US parameters in the calcaneus. SOS in the "GG" genotype group was 1522 +/- 31 m/sec, in the " @entity1422 " group, 1519 +/- 30 m/sec, and in the "TT" group 1508 +/- 30 m/sec (P = 0.01). While the difference between the GG and TT genotype groups corresponds to 0.5 SD or 1%, we observed an allele-dose-effect of 4.3 m/sec decrease in SOS per each copy of the "T" allele (P = 0.01). The differences remained significant after adjustment for @entity79 measured at the femoral neck. When we analysed 45 incident nonvertebral @entity174 in this group of @entity1 , we found the risk for @entity174 by COLIA1 @entity3419 genotype to be partly explained by SOS differences as well as by @entity79 differences. Linear regression analysis showed a progressive negative slope of the regression line of SOS over age from "GG" over " @entity1422 " to "TT" genotype. These data indicate that the collagen @entity9216 @entity3419 polymorphism is associated with the modulus of elasticity of bone as determined in vivo by acoustical measurement. The relationship is independent of @entity79 and increases with age, contributing to an explanation of the increased @entity174 risk observed for this polymorphism.

title: The collagen XXXX @entity3419 polymorphism is associated with differences in ultrasound transmission velocity in the calcaneus in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity13285 :: ('c|SUB|G||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['G to T']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity9216 :: (3642,Gene) :: ['Ia1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Safety of the airbag supplemental restraint system (airbag) is a well-known concern. Although many lives are saved each year through airbag use, @entity130 continue to occur, especially to the head. Airbag safety research has focused primarily on severe @entity130 , while minor and moderate @entity130 have been largely ignored. METHODS: In this study, 205,977 injury cases from the 1995 to 2001 National Automotive Sampling System (NASS)/ @entity262 ( @entity262 ) were surveyed to determine the prevalence of @entity67871 facial and @entity909 (LOC) @entity130 and determine if these @entity130 are a concern. The query was focused on frontal impacts in vehicles equipped with airbags. Only occupants wearing appropriate seatbelts were included in this study so that the airbag would provide occupant protection under optimal conditions. Of the 205,977 injury cases studied, 2.4% met this criterion. RESULTS: From the data gathered, the trends seem to indicate an increase in these specific @entity130 , both in terms of the total number and the proportion to all injury cases. In 1995, @entity67871 @entity542 accounted for 96.5% of all @entity542 caused by airbags. By 2001, the percentage had risen 3.0% to 99.5%. Injuries occurring in vehicles equipped with first-generation versus second generation airbags were compared, and data seem to suggest that there is a higher rate of minor and moderate @entity542 when occupants are in second-generation airbag-equipped vehicles, even when appropriate lap and shoulder belts are used. CONCLUSIONS: The short timeframe surveyed prevents drawing meaningful conclusions about statistical significance, but the graphical representations of the data in this study underscore an urgent need for further investigation based on current trends in order to understand the issue of minor and moderate @entity542 prevention in regard to airbags.

title: @entity542 in airbag-equipped motor vehicles with special emphasis on XXXX facial and loss of consciousness injuries.

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['CDS', 'Crashworthiness Data System']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['brain loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity67871 :: (373071;378426,Gene) :: ['AIS 1 and 2']


abstract: A total of 136 @entity1 with @entity309 underwent MRI with sagittal T1-weighted spin echo sequences before and after i.v. administration of @entity7241 and with a 15-min delay. In addition, T2-weighted gradient echo sequences were performed. Conventional radiographs, including tomography in sagittal and a.p. planes, were also taken of all @entity1 ; 51 were also examined by CT before and after i.v. administration of contrast medium and in addition with a 15-min delayed series. The signal intensities of MRI and the changes in density caused by contrast uptake on CT were examined visually and measured quantitatively. The inflammatory changes were classified in four phases by the MRI and CT findings and histological results. A correlation (p < 0.05) was found with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. MRI was superior to CT in 10% of cases. A discrete effusion in the anterior junction was missed in 4 cases and a hypervascular @entity2070 formation in 1 case by CT. The CT was superior to the other methods in detecting bony lesions and calcifications in the atlant  dental region. The local activity of the inflammatory changes can be graded by classifying them with contrast-enhanced MRI and CT, which yield an exact result for better monitoring during therapy.

title: [ XXXX of the craniocervical transition. Detection of inflammatory changes in contrast CT and MRI].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: In songbirds, the initiation of song behaviour and the neural substrate of this system are highly influenced by gonadal steroids. Receptors for gonadal @entity134 hormones, such as @entity3800 and @entity2931 , have been localized within select nuclei of the song system. An important step in @entity134 receptor action is the recruitment of nuclear receptor coactivators. The coactivator, @entity268 response element binding protein ( @entity16221 ( @entity16221 ), has been implicated in both @entity342 and @entity2931 receptor transactivation. Although the role of @entity16221 in transcriptional mechanisms has been widely studied, little is known about @entity16221 expression in the brain. The association between the distribution of @entity16221 and @entity2931 receptors in the hippocampus has been related to long-term memory. However, the distribution of brain @entity16221 has not been related to the expression of gonadal @entity134 receptors in a system as relevant to reproductive behaviour as the avian song system. Western immunoblotting of European starling ( @entity6248 ) brain tissue reveals a band at 265 kDa. Immunohistochemical localization of @entity16221 in starling brain indicates wide, but heterogeneous expression. @entity16221 -immunoreactive ( @entity16221 -ir) cells define the boundaries of song control nuclei. In HVc (sometimes called the High Vocal Center) and the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), there is a higher density of @entity16221 -ir cells within the boundaries of these nuclei than in adjacent neostriatum or archistriatum, for HVc and RA, respectively. We also report that the distribution of @entity16221 -ir cells varies among different nuclei within the song control system. @entity16221 -ir cells within area X (also a part of the song system) and HVc are densely packed into clusters, whereas cells can be easily discriminated in RA. @entity16221 is also highly expressed in hypothalamic areas, indicating that areas rich in @entity134 receptors also contain @entity16221 . These data suggest that @entity16221 is important for modulating transcriptional activities in the song system and other sites in the songbird brain that express gonadal @entity134 receptors.

title: Expression of XXXX response element binding protein-binding protein in the song control system and hypothalamus of adult European starlings ( @entity6248 ).

entities_list: @entity16221 :: ('1387', 'Gene') :: ['CBP', 'CREB)-binding protein']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['Sturnus vulgaris']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: PURPOSE: Laxative-refractory @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ) is defined as @entity4784 despite using 2 laxatives with a different mechanism of action (based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System level 4 term [contact laxatives, osmotically acting laxatives, softeners/emollients, enemas, and others]). @entity4784 has a significant impact on the treatment and quality of life of @entity1 with severe @entity1118 . This noninterventional, observational, real-life study in Belgium investigated the efficacy of prolonged-release @entity1288 / @entity1510 combination (PR OXN) treatment regarding @entity158 relief and @entity4784 compared with previous prolonged-release @entity1288 (PR OXY) treatment for laxative-refractory @entity4784 in daily clinical practice. METHODS: Laxative-refractory @entity4784 @entity1 with severe @entity1118 were treated with PR OXN for 12 weeks (3 visits). @entity158 relief (assessed on a numerical rating scale) and @entity4784 (assessed by using the Bowel Function Index [BFI]) were evaluated at each visit. A responder was defined as a @entity1 who had: (1) no worsening of @entity158 at the last visit compared with visit 1 or a numerical rating scale  <=4 at visit 3/last visit; and (2) a reduction in BFI >= 12 units at visit 3/last visit compared with visit 1; or (3) a BFI  <=28.8 at visit 3/last visit. FINDINGS: Sixty-eight laxative-refractory @entity4784 @entity1 with severe @entity1118 (mean (sd) age 59.8 (13.3) years, 67.6% female and 91.2% non-malignant @entity158 ) were treated for 91 days with PR OXN (median daily dose, 20 mg). Treatment with PR OXN resulted in a significant and clinically relevant decrease of @entity158 .1 units (P < 0.001; 95% CI, 1.66-2.54) and of BFI by 48.5 units (P < 0.001; 95% CI, 44.4-52.7) compared with PR OXY treatment; use of laxatives was also significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Approximately 95% of @entity1 were responders, and quality of life (as measured by using the EQ-5D) improved significantly. Adverse events were opioid related, and PR OXN treatment was well tolerated. IMPLICATIONS: Treatment with PR OXN resulted in a significant and clinically relevant reduction in @entity4784 compared with previous PR OXY treatment for these @entity1 with severe @entity1118 and laxative-refractory @entity4784 . Treatment with PR OXN also resulted in a significant improvement in @entity158 relief and quality of life. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01710917.

title: Treatment With Prolonged-Release @entity1288 / @entity1510 Improves XXXX Relief and Opioid-Induced Constipation Compared With Prolonged-Release @entity1288 in @entity1 With Chronic Severe @entity158 and Laxative-Refractory Constipation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid-induced constipation', 'OIC']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to determine whether the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) can be estimated retrospectively from medical records. The NIHSS is a quantitative measure of @entity64 -related @entity51 with established reliability and validity for use in prospective clinical research. Recently, retrospective observational studies have estimated NIHSS scores from medical records for quantitative outcome analysis. The reliability and validity of estimation based on chart review has not been determined. METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 were selected because their NIHSS scores were formally measured at admission and discharge. Handwritten notes from medical records were abstracted and NIHSS scores were estimated by 6 raters who were blinded to the actual scores. Estimated scores were compared among raters and with the actual measured scores. RESULTS: Interrater reliability was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.82. Scores were well calibrated among the 6 raters. Estimated NIHSS scores closely approximated the actual scores, with a probability of 0.86 of correctly ranking a set of @entity1 according to 5-point interval categories (as determined by the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve). @entity1 with excellent outcomes (NIHSS score of </=5) could be identified with sensitivity of 0.72 and specificity of 0.89. There were no significant differences between these parameters at admission and discharge. CONCLUSIONS: For the purposes of retrospective studies of @entity64 , the NIHSS can be abstracted from medical records with a high degree of reliability and validity.

title: Reliability and validity of estimating the XXXX scale score from medical records.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'acute stroke outcome']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['NIH stroke']


abstract: In the ovary, initiation of follicle growth is marked by cuboidalization of flattened granulosa cells (GCs). The regulation and cell biology of this shape change remains poorly understood. We propose that characterization of intercellular junctions and associated proteins is key to identifying as yet unknown regulators of this important transition. As GCs are conventionally described as epithelial cells, this study used @entity19 ovaries and isolated follicles to investigate epithelial junctional complexes (tight junctions [TJ], adherens junctions [AJ], and desmosomes) and associated molecules, as well as classic epithelial markers, by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence. These junctions were further characterized using ultrastructural, @entity460 depletion and @entity1885 tracer studies. Junctions observed by transmission electron microscopy between GCs and between GCs and oocyte were identified as AJs by expression of @entity21043 and @entity67588 and by the lack of TJ and desmosome-associated proteins. Follicles were also permeable to @entity1885 , confirming a lack of functional TJs. Surprisingly, GCs lacked all epithelial markers analyzed, including @entity3112 , @entity14436 , and zonula occludens (ZO)-1alpha+. Furthermore, @entity3111 was expressed by GCs, suggesting a more mesenchymal phenotype. Under @entity460 -free conditions, small follicles maintained oocyte-GC contact, confirming the importance of @entity460 -independent nectin at this stage. However, in primary and multilayered follicles, lack of @entity460 resulted in loss of contact between GCs and oocyte, showing that nectin alone cannot maintain attachment between these two cell types. Lack of classic markers suggests that GCs are not epithelial. Identification of AJs during GC cuboidalization highlights the importance of AJs in regulating initiation of follicle growth.

title: Characterization and significance of adhesion and junction-related proteins in XXXX ovarian follicles.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The possibility of co-association between @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) has long been a focus of interest as well as of clinical significance. As @entity2646 is a potentially treatable condition, it is diagnosis in the context of @entity6 is of great importance. However, diagnostic criteria to identify @entity2646 in @entity1 with @entity6 are not available. We propose a diagnostic tool that should help clinicians to decide what is the probability that a @entity1 with @entity6 might have @entity2646 . METHODS: We list several clinical, electrophysiological, and laboratory parameters that, when combined, have the power of discriminating an immune-mediated @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity6 . By summing the points assigned to each of these parameters, we define four levels of probability for a @entity1 with @entity6 to have @entity2646 . To analyze the validity of the diagnostic toll, we applied it in three different @entity1 populations: (i) @entity1 with @entity6 with @entity1897 , (ii) @entity1 with @entity2646 without @entity6 , and (iii) @entity1 with @entity6 with @entity2646 . RESULTS: The scores of @entity1 with @entity6 without @entity2646 ranged from -7 to 2, while those of @entity1 with @entity6 ranged from 2 to 20. The scores of non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2646 were similar to those of @entity1 with @entity6 and ranged from 6 to 16. The mean score of @entity1 with @entity6 was 9.083, while the score of @entity1 with @entity2646 was 11.16 and that of @entity1 with @entity3949 was -3.59. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that this diagnostic tool is able to identify @entity1 with @entity6 with overlapping @entity2646 .

title: Diagnostic criteria of @entity2646 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM-CIDP', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a new technique for @entity5 repair in which the urethral plate is divided and tubularized transverse island flap prefabricated partial distal urethral at the time of the first stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity4094 associated with severe chordee were operated on using a new staged technique. At the time of the first stage, the urethral plate was divided and chordee was corrected. Then tubularized transverse island flap was used to prefabricate partial distal urethra. The defective urethra was repaired using the Thiersch-Duplay principle at the second stage. RESULTS: All @entity1 have completed both stages of the operation. The mean follow-up duration was 18.4 months (range from 6 to 72 months). In the first-stage surgery, the modified tabularized transverse preputial island flap was performed on 6 @entity1 , whereas the modified preputial double-faced island flap was performed on the other 10 @entity1 . All of the prefabricated partial distal neourethras had no evidence of @entity850 or @entity2318 . The result of the second-stage procedure was a complete penis with integrated urethral. All @entity1 were satisfied with cosmetic and functional results. Neither stricture nor diverticula was observed. A good urinary stream during the urination was attained in 12 (75.0%) @entity1 . Four cases (25.0%) developed urethrocutaneous @entity292 after the second stage repair. CONCLUSIONS: In our preliminary series, this procedure improved functional and cosmetic results. It may be applicable to most cases of @entity4094 . Even when complications occur, they are less severe compared to those of the traditional staged approach.

title: Prefabricated partial distal urethral in 2-staged repair of XXXX with severe chordee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staged hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['proximal hypospadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival in @entity1707 -to- @entity3474 kidney xenotransplantation is currently limited by acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR). We hypothesized that the administration of rabbit antithymocyte serum (RATS) would delay or prevent AHXR as compared with a @entity786 ( @entity33917 )-based immunosuppressive regimen. METHODS: Nine @entity6599 received life-supporting heterotopic single-kidney transplants from @entity1 decay accelerating factor transgenic @entity1707 . Immunosuppression consisted of GAS (a @entity14009 analog), @entity205 , and @entity230 . Group 1 (n=2) was also treated with @entity33917 and a @entity3446 derivative (RAD), group 2 (n=4) received @entity35 and RAD, and group 3 (n=3) received only @entity35 . Animals were maintained until @entity204 or sacrifice because of uncontrollable rejection or other complications. Graft histopathology was assessed at the study endpoint. RESULTS: Mean survival was 28+/-11.3 days, 23+/-2.5 days, and 20+/-2.5 days for groups 1, 2, and 3 (not significant). Graft rejection was the cause of @entity204 in both @entity33917 -treated animals. One @entity35 -treated animal died of rejection; the others died of @entity281 or @entity548 . Two @entity35 -treated animals developed @entity1071 , and one died of @entity55 . Histopathology revealed severe AHXR in group 1 kidneys, involving 100+/-0% of the tissue examined. In contrast, AHXR was reduced in groups 2 and 3, involving 21+/-14% and 18+/-28%, respectively, of the tissue examined (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Substitution of @entity35 for @entity33917 was well tolerated and resulted in reduced severity of AHXR in this model. Complications seen in @entity35 -treated animals may be preventable through the use of standard prophylaxis for @entity281 . Our data suggest that further studies are warranted to explore the use of antilymphocyte agents in xenotransplantation.

title: Improvement in rejection of XXXX decay accelerating factor transgenic @entity1707 -to-primate renal xenografts with administration of rabbit antithymocyte serum.

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity14009 :: ('MESH:C055075', 'Chemical') :: ['galactosyl alpha-1,3-galactose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12040 is a systemic @entity1333 that affects the aorta and its main branches mainly seen in young @entity1 and it is characterized by decrease or absence of pulses. The arteriography is necessary to corroborate the diagnosis. The aim of this article is to analyze the clinical manifestations and radiological findings in @entity1 with no previous diagnosis of TA. METHODS: The @entity1 were sent to the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging for the performance of an angiography for @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in young @entity1 , @entity2792 ( @entity2792 ) and @entity9085 (IA) of limbs. Clinical manifestations were used to investigate the diagnosis of @entity1129 according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology 1990. A digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and the type of @entity1129 was evaluated according to Numano classification. RESULTS: There were 10 @entity1 with an average age of 32.4  10 years. The reasons for the study of these @entity1 were @entity64 in young @entity1 4, @entity2792 3 and AI of upper extremities 3 @entity1 . The main types of TA were I: 50%, V: 40%, IV 10%. The main arterial involvement were the supraaortic trunk and both carotids 80%, right subclavian 80%, left subclavian 70%, left vertebral 40%, right vertebral 30%, thoracic aortic 40%, abdominal aortic 40%, right renal 40% and left renal 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent clinical manifestations were @entity64 in young @entity1 , @entity2792 and AI. The @entity1129 type I was the most common, followed by V and IV respectively, which explains the clinical manifestations.

title: [Clinical and angiographic manifestations inpatients without previous diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['RVH', 'renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu  s arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated symptom relief in @entity293 . This innovative exploratory trial aimed to measure the time to improvement of the signs and symptoms of uncomplicated @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in @entity1 receiving extended-release @entity2177 . Time to return to normal daily activities was also evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: An open-label, multicenter US study in adult female outpatients with uncomplicated @entity293 . @entity1 completed serial questionnaires: the Urinary tract infection Symptom Assessment [USA], tracking time to symptom improvement, and the Activity Impairment Assessment [AIA], measuring the time to return to normal daily activities, using hand-held electronic diaries. Severity on the USA questionnaire was categorized using a 4-point Likert-type scale, with improvement defined as a reduction of at least one degree of symptom severity. All @entity1 received once-daily extended-release @entity2177 500 mg tablets for 3 days. RESULTS: Of 276 female @entity1 aged 18-78 years who enrolled at 28 sites, 273 (99%) were safety-valid, 264 (96%) completed at least 24 h of questionnaires and were valid for symptom relief analysis, and 170 (62%) had pre-therapy pathogen(s) > or = 10(3) CFU/mL and were valid for efficacy analysis. Six hours after the first dose of study drug, 50% of @entity1 reported symptom improvement; 87% by 24 h and 91% by 48 h. At study entry, 54% of @entity1 reported considerably decreased time at work or other activities; reduced to 23% by Day 2 and 10% by Day 3. At the test-of-cure visit (5-11 days post-therapy), 96% (163/170) of @entity1 were clinical cures. Drug-related adverse events were reported by 18 (7%) @entity1 and were consistent with previous extended-release @entity2177 studies (e.g., @entity344 , fungal superinfections). There were no serious adverse events or discontinuations due to adverse events. CONCLUSION: This open-label, non-comparative trial in adult @entity1 demonstrated a rapid improvement in uncomplicated @entity293 symptom severity (6-24 h) and the ability to return to work within 24 h following extended-release @entity2177 treatment. Clinical cure rate and tolerability profile were similar to results of previous extended-release @entity2177 studies.

title: Time to symptom relief for uncomplicated @entity293 treated with extended-release XXXX : a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled primary care study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbance']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: The ability to mount a successful response to threats is critical for an organism's survival. A key element of the stress response is its nonspecificity toward the stress source, with similar endocrine and behavioral changes expected under a variety of stressors. In this project we utilized an experimental design that accounts for multiple sources of variation to further understand the nature of stress responsivity and its relationship to the early rearing environment. A sample of @entity6599 (n=73) was observed during the early phase of life in their social group, and then tested as juveniles in a challenging situation. Maternal @entity701 levels were measured during the peripartum period. The challenging situation (individuals were isolated for a few minutes in a single cage) was designed to be a moderate source of psychological stress. Patterns in individual differences during the stress test were "mapped" by means of @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). After the observation was made, the subject was sedated and a blood sample was taken to measure @entity701 levels. Our results indicate that when juvenile @entity6599 are confronted with a source of psychological stress, they show a multidimensional behavioral response, probably mediated by the activation and synergic interaction among different neurohormonal systems that, ultimately, act on the @entity774 . Different components of the multidimensional, or nonspecific, behavioral response are associated with the quality and quantity of interactions with their mothers during early life. Juveniles whose mothers displayed higher levels of positive interaction were characterized by vigilant but less active reactions to the stress test, whereas juveniles of mothers that displayed high levels of stress-related behaviors had higher @entity701 and locomotion levels.

title: Maternal care and development of stress responses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'multidimensional scaling']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity6599 :: (9557,Species) :: ['baboons']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To verify the usefulness of the @entity10281 ( @entity10281 ) for acute-care hospitals and emergency resources for the study of road traffic @entity130 and to describe the use of health resources in Catalonia (Spain). METHODS: The study population consisted of @entity1 treated in any kind of emergency service and @entity1 admitted for acute hospitalization in Catalonia in 2013. A descriptive analysis was performed by age, gender, time and clinical variables. RESULTS: A total of 48,150 @entity1 were treated in hospital emergency departments, 6,210 were attended in primary care, and 4,912 were admitted to hospital. There was a higher proportion of @entity1 (56.2%), mainly aged between 20 and 40 years. @entity1 accounted for 54.9% of @entity1 with minor @entity130 and 75.1% of those with severe @entity130 . Contusions are the most common injury (30.2%), followed by @entity6475 (28.7%). @entity174 mostly affected @entity1 older than 64 years, @entity130 particularly affected @entity1 older than 64 years, and wounds mainly affected @entity1 younger than 18 years and older than 64 years. In the adult population, the severity of the @entity130 increased with age, leading to longer length of stay and greater complexity. Hospital mortality was 0.2%. @entity174 , @entity130 and wounds were more frequent in the group of very serious @entity130 , and @entity6475 and contusions in the group of minor @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10281 records (acute hospitals and emergency resources) provide information that is complementary to other sources of information on traffic accidents, increasing the completeness of the data.

title: [Road traffic @entity130 in Catalonia (Spain): an approach using the XXXX for acute-care hospitals and emergency resources].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractures']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'minimum data set']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'internal injuries']

answer: @entity10281 :: (MESH:D020920,Disease) :: ['minimum data set']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This trial investigated the decrease of blood pressure, safety and tolerability of @entity917 , an angiotensin-receptor blocker, alone or combined with the diuretic @entity918 . In addition, the effect on pulse pressure, heart rate and mean blood pressure were recorded as independent markers of cardiovascular risk. @entity1 AND METHODS: 12278 @entity101 @entity1 were treated for 12 weeks with @entity917 alone or combined with @entity918 in a multi-centre open trial. Previously established antihypertensive treatment was continued. Systolic and diastolic pressure, pulse pressure and resting heart rate were recorded at the start of the trial and at 1, 4 and 12 weeks thereafter. RESULTS: Data on 11447 were complete enough to be evaluated (54% males, 46% females; mean age 60.8 years). 44% of the @entity1 were at the same time receiving other antihypertensive drugs at the start of the trial, but the numbers so treated decreased during the trial period. Systolic pressure was reduced by 27.8 mmHg. diastolic pressure by 14.7 mmHg, with a calculated reduction of pulse pressure from 71.5 to 58.7 mmHg. Heart rate was reduced by 3.4 beats. The treatment had to be stopped prematurely in 2.3% of @entity1 because of side effects. There were no severe or life-threatening side effects. CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity917 alone or combined with @entity918 provides effective blood pressure reduction and is well tolerated. This trial suggests that, in addition to the fall in blood pressure, the independent risk factors of @entity65 , pulse pressure and resting heart rate, were also reduced during administration of @entity917 .

title: [Lowering of blood pressure, blood pressure amplitude and heart rate by treatment with XXXX or @entity917 / @entity918 . Results of an open observation study of 11,447 @entity101 ].

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity917 :: (MESH:C081489,Chemical) :: ['valsartan']


abstract: mRNA levels for alpha, luteinizing hormone beta ( @entity67730 ), and @entity11880 (Prl) were examined during the hamster estrous cycle, with sampling most frequent (1-hour intervals) on the afternoon of proestrus. These transcripts encode the peptide subunits for the pituitary hormones LH and Prl which are necessary for reproductive function. Serum hormone levels of LH and Prl, analyzed by 24-hour periodic regression, exhibited a 24-hour periodicity on proestrus characterized by a large surge peaking at about 18.00 h. Combining the data for non-proestrous days of the cycle disclosed a rhythm with similar timing for LH and Prl. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and @entity67731 RNA profiles during hamster proestrus are reported for the first time. Serum TSH exhibited a pronounced peak coincident with that of the other hormones on proestrus. Because of variations at other times on the day of proestrus, however, a 24-hour periodicity was not manifested by regressional analysis. Combined non-proestrous serum TSH data also revealed no consistently timed regressional 24-hour periodicity. During proestrus, pituitary mRNA values for alpha, @entity67730 , and Prl simultaneously exhibited a rise from the lowest to the highest of all proestrous values in the 3-5 h prior to the time of the pre-ovulatory peak of circulating hormone concentrations. RNA for @entity67731 exhibited an earlier, broader peak on proestrus. Periodic regression indicated a significant 24-hour rhythm for alpha mRNA in data pooled from non-proestrous days (acrophase 05.00 h) and for @entity67731 mRNA on proestrus (acrophase 04.54 h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum luteinizing hormone, XXXX , and thyrotropin and their pituitary subunit mRNA levels during proestrus in the Syrian hamster.

answer: @entity11880 :: (101843376,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poorly differentiated @entity259 (PDTC) and @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) are very rare @entity5 with @entity146 . Their comprehensive genetic background is still unclear. Some of the main genetic changes of differentiated @entity259 , such as mutations in @entity817 and RAS genes, as well as changes in @entity3546 , @entity10160 , @entity876 , @entity21125 , @entity983 or @entity1412 genes leading to the dedifferentiation of the @entity5 , are described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNAs from fresh frozen thyroid tissues of 3 PDTCs and 5 ATCs were extracted. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach was used to target 94 genes involved in @entity5 . The samples were prepared using a TruSight @entity5 panel and sequenced with a MiSeq sequencer. Analysis of variants was performed by the MiSeq Reporter and NextGENe software and stringent criteria for prioritization of the variants were used in the Illumina VariantStudio software. RESULTS: Using NGS, we identified 26 genetic changes in 18 genes, novel variants included. CONCLUSION: NGS is a useful tool for searching for new variants and genes involved in PDTC and @entity2867 . It seems that each of these rare @entity5 types has its own specific genetic background. These data could be helpful for recognizing new genetic markers and targets for future personalized therapy.

title: Search for new genetic biomarkers in poorly differentiated and anaplastic XXXX using next generation sequencing.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['extremely aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinomas']