abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral microdialysis (MD) is discussed as a technique for detection of @entity2806 in @entity510 ; however, clinical data on cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) are limited in these @entity1 . The main objective of this study was to investigate whether pathological MD parameters reflect a reduced regional @entity13279 ( @entity13279 ) determined by @entity8493 - @entity2507 PET. METHODS: Thirteen @entity510 @entity1 (age, 48.7+/-15.0 years; World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade 1 to 5) were studied. Extracellular @entity413 , @entity880 , @entity880 / @entity2388 (L/P) ratio, @entity2227 , and @entity653 levels were analyzed hourly. @entity13279 was determined in the volume of interest of the MD catheter and all vascular territories. MD values were correlated to @entity13279 on the day of PET. Then, MD concentrations of asymptomatic versus ischemic phases (3-day medians) were analyzed. RESULTS: In symptomatic @entity1 (n=10), @entity13279 was significantly lower compared with controls (n=3, P=0.048). @entity2227 correlated best with @entity13279 (r=-0.66; P=0.014), followed by @entity653 (r=-0.62; P=0.021). The L/P ratio was most sensitive (0.82) and specific (1.0) in indicating symptoms of @entity63 , but only during longer periods of @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity13279 correlates best with @entity2227 , followed by @entity653 , whereas the L/P ratio is sensitive only after longer periods of @entity63 . Clinically relevant regional metabolic derangements occur already above an @entity13279 of 20 mL x 100 g(-1).min(-1). Future research should focus on identifying alternative causes of metabolic derangement in @entity510 @entity1 and optimal treatment management in these @entity1 .

title: @entity2806 in XXXX : a correlative microdialysis-PET study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Process improvement (PI) is an approach for enhancing the existing quality improvement process by making changes while keeping the existing process. We have shown that implementation of a @entity64 code program using a computerized physician order entry system is effective in reducing the in-hospital time delay to thrombolysis in @entity64 @entity1 . We investigated whether implementation of this PI could further reduce the time delays by continuous improvement of the existing process. METHODS: After determining a key indicator [time interval from @entity341 ( @entity341 ) arrival to intravenous (IV) thrombolysis] and conducting data analysis, the target time from @entity341 arrival to IV thrombolysis in @entity64 @entity1 was set at 40 min. The key indicator was monitored continuously at a weekly @entity64 conference. The possible reasons for the delay were determined in cases for which IV thrombolysis was not administered within the target time and, where possible, the problems were corrected. The time intervals from @entity341 arrival to the various evaluation steps and treatment before and after implementation of the PI were compared. RESULTS: The median time interval from @entity341 arrival to IV thrombolysis in @entity64 @entity1 was significantly reduced after implementation of the PI (from 63.5 to 45 min, p=0.001). The variation in the time interval was also reduced. A reduction in the evaluation time intervals was achieved after the PI [from 23 to 17 min for computed tomography scanning (p=0.003) and from 35 to 29 min for complete blood counts (p=0.006)]. CONCLUSIONS: PI is effective for continuous improvement of the existing process by reducing the time delays between @entity341 arrival and IV thrombolysis in @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Process improvement to enhance existing XXXX team activity toward more timely thrombolytic treatment.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity1798 ( @entity1798 ) degeneration is associated with several pathophysiologic changes of the @entity1798 , including dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). Tissue engineering strategies may be used to restore both biological and mechanical function of the @entity1798 following removal of NP tissue during surgical intervention. Recently, photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were shown to support chondrogenic, NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM) elaboration by @entity1 mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) when supplemented with @entity1934 ; however, mechanical properties of these constructs did not reach native values. Fabrication parameters (i.e., composition, crosslinking density) can influence the bulk mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds, as well as cellular behavior and differentiation patterns. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CMC macromer concentration (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5  % weight/volume) on bulk hydrogel properties and NP-like matrix elaboration by hMSCs. The lowest macromer concentration of 1.5  % exhibited the highest gene expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II at day 7, corresponding with the largest accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II by day 42. The ECM elaboration in the 1.5  % constructs was more homogeneously distributed compared to primarily pericellular localization in 3.5  % gels. The 1.5  % gels also displayed significant improvements in mechanical functionality by day 42 compared to earlier time points, which was not seen in the other groups. The effects of macromer concentration on matrix accumulation and organization are likely attributed to quantifiable differences in polymer crosslinking density and diffusive properties between the various hydrogel formulations. Taken together, these results demonstrate that macromer concentration of CMC hydrogels can direct hMSC matrix elaboration, such that a lower polymer concentration allows for greater NP-like ECM assembly and improvement of mechanical properties over time.

title: Functional nucleus pulposus-like matrix assembly by XXXX mesenchymal stromal cells is directed by macromer concentration in photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels.

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['Intervertebral disc', 'IVD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Extracellular (ex) @entity18458 is increasingly recognized as an agent of cell injury. Previously, we reported that low endotoxin exHSP60 causes cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Our findings supported a role for @entity1990 in @entity18458 mediated apoptosis. To further investigate the involvement of @entity1990 in @entity299 , we studied adult cardiac myocytes from C3H/HeJ (HeJ) @entity19 , which have a mutant, nonfunctional @entity1990 , and compared the results with parallel studies using @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . Nuclear factor kB (NFkB) activation is an early step downstream of @entity1990 . NFkB was activated 1  h after treatment with @entity18458 in @entity164 , but not HeJ @entity19 myocytes. ExHSP60 caused apoptosis in cardiac myocytes from @entity164 @entity19 , but not in myocytes from the HeJ mutants. To further elucidate the importance of exHSP60 in @entity299 , both @entity164 and HeJ mutant isolated @entity19 adult cardiac myocytes were exposed to @entity519 /reoxygenation. Anti- @entity18458 antibody treatment reduced apoptosis in the @entity164 group, but had no effect on the HeJ mutant myocytes. Unexpectedly, @entity39 was also decreased in the HeJ mutants. Necrosis after @entity519 /reoxygenation in @entity164 cardiac myocytes was mediated in part by @entity8932 and @entity1990 through rapid activation of @entity18335 , followed by increased expression of @entity8930 , and this was ameliorated by blocking antibodies to @entity26789 . These studies provide further evidence that @entity1990 mediates exHSP60-associated apoptosis and that exHSP60 has an important role in @entity299 , both apoptotic and @entity39 .

title: @entity1990 mutation and XXXX -induced cell death in adult @entity19 cardiac myocytes.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'cardiac myocyte injury']

answer: @entity18458 :: (15510(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['HSP60']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) has become an accepted option for whole-breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery, there is limited evidence to support HFRT to the chest wall following mastectomy. We retrospectively analysed post-mastectomy @entity1 treated with HFRT in Christchurch to determine whether HFRT yields acceptable efficacy and @entity137 . METHODS: The Christchurch oncology database was used to identify @entity0 @entity1 treated with adjuvant HFRT to the chest wall following a mastectomy between 2003 and 2008. Eligible post-mastectomy @entity1 were treated with 40   Gy in 16 daily fractions. Treatment outcomes assessed included local recurrence-free survival, @entity0 survival, overall survival and acute @entity137 . RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three @entity1 were identified. The median follow-up period was 5.03 years. Three @entity1 had a local recurrence as a first event, resulting in 5-year local recurrence-free survival of 97.6%. Five-year overall survival and 5-year @entity0 survival were 74.7% and 77.7%, respectively. The prospectively assessed acute @entity137 were mostly grade 1. In particular, the incidence of grade 2 @entity137 was 10.7%, and no @entity1 experienced grade 3 @entity137 . CONCLUSION: The high local control rate with HFRT, combined with acceptable @entity137 and the practical benefits of a shorter treatment time, supports its ongoing use in the eligible @entity1 group. A randomised controlled trial would be necessary to more completely assess the acute and long-term @entity137 of HFRT compared with standard fractionation.

title: Hypofractionated radiation treatment following mastectomy in early XXXX : The Christchurch experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Salecan is a novel microbial polysaccharide produced by Agrobacterium sp. ZX09. The salt-tolerant strain was isolated from a soil sample in our laboratory and the 16S rDNA sequence was deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number GU810841. Salecan is suitable to fabricate hydrogel for biomedical applications due to the excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Here, salecan has been introduced into @entity1683 ( @entity1684 ) network to form novel thermo-sensitive semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs). The structure of salecan/PNIPAm semi-IPNs was confirmed by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and @entity11898 ( @entity11898 ). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) proved the stability of the semi-IPNs. Rheological and compressive tests revealed an elastic solid-like behavior and good mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Swelling behavior test showed the hydrogels possessed high water content at room temperature. An excellent thermo-sensitive property of fast response rates to temperature had been demonstrated as well. In vitro degradation measurements ensured the semi-IPNs were degradable. @entity137 and cell adhesion study suggested the synthesized salecan/PNIPAm hydrogels were non-toxic and biocompatibility. The results indicated the novel thermo-responsive hydrogels could be a suitable candidate for biomedical applications.

title: A novel thermo-responsive hydrogel based on salecan and XXXX : Synthesis and characterization.

entities_list: @entity11898 :: ('MESH:C564523', 'Disease') :: ['XRD', 'X-ray diffraction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1683 :: ('MESH:C520884', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)']

answer: @entity1683 :: (MESH:C520884,Chemical) :: ['poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)']


abstract: @entity420 is frequently associated with @entity75 at some stage during the disease course. Host immunity, particularly T cell immunity, plays an important role in the clinicopathological features of @entity189 proliferation and @entity3 . Cytokines and chemokines are members of a family of small secreted proteins. The relationships between the cytokines and cytokine receptor (R), and between chemokines and chemokine R are important determinants of selectivity in local immunity. RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on @entity1 cells) and @entity12 ( @entity12 ) are present in neoplastic cells, induce apoptosis of NK/T cells, and play a role in immune evasion. To investigate differences in host immunity between @entity420 with and without @entity75 , we performed gene expression profiling, using chemokine, chemokine R, cytokine and cytokine R DNA chips. In addition, to assess the extent of immune evasion, we examined the expression of RCAS and @entity12 . We studied five cases of @entity420 with @entity75 ( @entity3 ) and five cases without @entity75 (non- @entity3 ). The brain @entity3 cases exhibited diffuse down-regulated profiles, in comparison with normal non-carcinomatous lungs, which were used as controls. Non- @entity3 cases also displayed diffuse down-regulation, however the degree was variable. Expression of RCAS and @entity12 was detected in almost all cases, but was stronger in @entity3 than non- @entity3 cases. Our findings suggested that @entity5 cells evaded host immunity. In the gene tree analysis, brain @entity3 cases and non- @entity3 cases exhibited distinct clustering. Brain @entity3 cases exhibited significantly lower expression of @entity9596 ( @entity9596 ) than non- @entity3 cases. The reduction of @entity9596 expression was confirmed by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemically, non- @entity3 @entity420 cells frequently expressed @entity9596 , however, @entity9596 expression was rare or weak in @entity420 with @entity3 . Our results suggested that, in addition to immune evasion, the characteristics of the @entity5 themselves were important for @entity75 . However, our study demonstrated the enormous potential of gene expression profiling in clarifying the pathogenesis of @entity75 in @entity420 .

title: Differential chemokine, chemokine receptor, cytokine and cytokine receptor expression in XXXX : diffuse down-regulation is associated with immune evasion and @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adenocarcinoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity9596 :: ('3598', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 13 receptor alpha2', 'IL-13Ralpha2']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'meta']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Pulmonary adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma', 'pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The DEFEND study was a randomized controlled trial of M  ori and Pacific @entity1 with advanced @entity2316 , comparing a community-based model of care with usual care. The intervention group achieved lower BP, @entity644 and less end-organ damage [1]. After the intervention ended, all @entity1 reverted to usual care, and were followed to review the sustainability of the intervention. DESIGN: A retrospective observation of 65 @entity1 (aged 47-75 years) with @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity101 , CKD 3/4 and @entity644 (>0.5 g/day) previously randomised to intervention/community care or usual care for 11-21 months. Follow-up thereafter was until @entity204 , @entity454 (eGFR  <= 10ml/min/1.73m(2) )/dialysis or 1(st) February 2014. Primary endpoints were @entity204 and @entity454 /dialysis. Secondary outcomes were annualised GFR decline, non-fatal vascular events and hospitalizations. RESULTS: Median (IQR) post-trial follow-up was 49 (21-81) months and similar in both groups. The median (IQR) eGFR decline was -3.1 (-5.5, -2.3) and -5.5 (-7.1, -3.0) ml/min/year in the intervention and usual care groups respectively (p=0.11). Similar number of deaths, renal and vascular events were observed in both groups. At the end of follow-up, the number of prescribed antihypertensive medications was similar (3.4    1.0 vs. 3.3    1.4; p=0.78). There were fewer median (IQR) hospital days [8 (3, 18) vs. 15.5 (6, 49) days, p=0.03] in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term intensive BP control followed by usual care, did not translate into reduction in long-term mortality or @entity454 rates, but associated with reduced hospitalisations.

title: Long-term effectiveness of a community-based model of care in M  ori and Pacific XXXX with @entity2316 : A 4-year follow-up of the DElay Future End Stage Nephropathy due to @entity6 (DEFEND) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: A problem in the interpretation of noninvasive urine tests for detection of @entity150 is the finding of false-positive results. Several authors have described that @entity1 with false-positive results are at high risk for @entity5 recurrence or progression. Only few data are available for comparing the clinical course of @entity1 with false-positive test results and @entity1 with true-negative results. We studied whether @entity1 with false-positive results of various urine test had a higher recurrence rate than @entity1 with true-negative results. METHODS: Urine samples from 61 @entity1 without evidence of active @entity150 were included. Of the 61 @entity1 , 51 had a history of @entity150 , and 10 underwent transurethral resection for suspect of @entity150 but had negative pathologic findings. Immunocytology (Lewis X and 486p3/12) was performed on bladder washings, and BTAstat and @entity14276 were performed on urine samples. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 22 @entity1 had one or more false-positive BTAstat test results, 25 @entity1 had one or more false-positive @entity14276 tests, 42 @entity1 had at least one false-positive Lewis X test, and 11 @entity1 had one or more false-positive 486p3/12 test. During a follow-up period of 3-39 months (median, 17.6 months) four @entity1 expected a @entity5 recurrence. Among @entity1 with false-positive urine test results 2 of 22 (9.1%, BTAstat), 2 of 25 (8%, @entity14276 ), 4 of 42 (9.5%, Lewis X), and 3 of 11 (27.2%, 486p3/12) suffered from @entity5 recurrence. In contrast, among @entity1 with true-negative test results 2 of 39 (5.2%, BTAstat), 2 of 36 (5.6%, @entity14276 ), 0 of 18 (0%, Lewis X), 1 of 50 (2.0%, 486p3/12) had a @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a false-positive urine test result do not generally have a greater risk of @entity5 recurrence or progression than @entity1 with a true-negative result. In our series, only @entity1 with false-positive 486p3/12 test result had a higher recurrence rate. Our findings do not justify a more aggressive adjuvant treatment or surveillance for @entity1 with false-positive urine tests.

title: Are false-positive urine markers for the detection of XXXX really wrong or do they predict @entity5 recurrence?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 is complicated by @entity292 in 20-40% of @entity1 at some time during the course of their illness. @entity500 has been reported to heal @entity292 in 30-40% of cases. Long-lasting effects by the anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha antibody infliximab most often require repeated infusions. @entity1499 has been shown to be an effective drug in maintaining remission in @entity30 . AIM: To evaluate the combination of infliximab and @entity1499 as therapy for @entity292 in @entity1 with @entity30 . METHODS: Twelve consecutive @entity1 (mean age, 29.5 years) with fistulizing @entity30 resistant or intolerant to @entity500 were followed prospectively. @entity1 received three infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) and long-term @entity1499 (20 mg/week). Therapy success was defined as sustained closure of @entity292 > or = 6 months after fistula closure. RESULTS: In four of the 12 @entity1 , complete closure of @entity292 that persisted for > or = 6 months (median follow-up, 13.25 months) was observed. In three further @entity1 , a partial response was noted. In five @entity1 , persistent therapy success could not be achieved or therapy had to be stopped due to side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of infliximab with long-term @entity1499 may be a promising concept in fistulizing @entity30 . Our data indicate the need for larger controlled trials.

title: Combining infliximab and XXXX in fistulizing @entity30 resistant or intolerant to @entity500 .

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Developing strategies to overcome resistance to @entity2240 is a major challenge in @entity1 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). We hypothesized that @entity2240 -induced @entity5 @entity39 -associated @entity519 could interact with @entity703 stem cells in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We studied tissue samples from 7 @entity1 with primary metastatic @entity1358 , before and after @entity2240 treatment, and from six xenograft models derived from @entity1 @entity1358 . Two xenograft models were responders to @entity2240 , the four others were nonresponders. @entity5439 / @entity436 -coexpressing cells derived from the two responder xenograft models were used for in vitro studies. RESULTS: In the seven primary RCCs, we identified a significantly larger number of @entity5439 / @entity436 -coexpressing cells in perinecrotic versus perivascular areas. Their numbers also significantly increased after treatment, in perinecrotic areas. We reproduced these clinical and pathologic results in all six @entity1358 xenograft models with again a preferential perinecrotic distribution of @entity5439 -expressing cells. @entity39 occurred at day 7 in the two responder models treated with @entity2240 , whereas it occurred at day 21 in the untreated controls and in the four nonresponder models. Strikingly, when we studied the six @entity1358 xenograft models at the time @entity39 , whether spontaneous or @entity2240 -induced, occurred, @entity39 area correlated with stem-cell number in all 120 xenografted RCCs. When studied under experimental @entity519 , the number of @entity5439 / @entity436 -coexpressing cells and their tumorigenic potency increased whereas their sensitivity to @entity2240 decreased. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 @entity1358 , @entity2240 was able to generate resistance to its own therapeutic effect via induced @entity519 in perinecrotic areas where @entity5 stem cells were found in increased numbers. Clin Cancer Res; 1-9.   2014 AACR.

title: Stem Cells Increase in Numbers in Perinecrotic Areas in XXXX @entity703 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a common cause of hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity82 . Pharmacologic treatment for acute (overt) @entity99 has remained the same for decades. OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity968 3350-electrolyte solution ( @entity970 ) and @entity11884 treatments in @entity1 with @entity82 admitted to the hospital for @entity99 . We hypothesized that rapid catharsis of the gut using @entity970 may resolve @entity99 more effectively than @entity11884 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The HELP ( @entity99 : @entity11884 vs @entity968 3350-Electrolyte Solution) study is a randomized clinical trial in an academic tertiary hospital of 50 @entity1 with @entity82 (of 186 screened) admitted for @entity99 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were block randomized to receive treatment with @entity970 , 4-L dose (n   =   25), or standard-of-care @entity11884 (n   =   25) during hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was an improvement of 1 or more in @entity99 grade at 24 hours, determined using the hepatic @entity75 scoring algorithm (HESA), ranging from 0 (normal clinical and neuropsychological assessments) to 4 ( @entity772 ). Secondary outcomes included time to @entity99 resolution and overall length of stay. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 were randomized to each treatment arm. Baseline clinical features at admission were similar in the groups. Thirteen of 25 @entity1 in the standard therapy arm (52%) had an improvement of 1 or more in HESA score, thus meeting the primary outcome measure, compared with 21 of 23 evaluated @entity1 receiving @entity970 (91%) (P   <   .01); 1 @entity1 was discharged before final analysis and 1 refused participation. The mean (SD) HESA score at 24 hours for @entity1 receiving standard therapy changed from 2.3 (0.9) to 1.6 (0.9) compared with a change from 2.3 (0.9) to 0.9 (1.0) for the @entity970 -treated groups (P   =   .002). The median time for @entity99 resolution was 2 days for standard therapy and 1 day for @entity970 (P   =   .01). Adverse events were uncommon, and none was definitely study related. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity970 led to more rapid @entity99 resolution than standard therapy, suggesting that @entity970 may be superior to standard @entity11884 therapy in @entity1 with @entity82 hospitalized for acute @entity99 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01283152.

title: XXXX vs @entity968 3350--electrolyte solution for treatment of overt hepatic @entity75 : the HELP randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose', 'Lactulose']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic Encephalopathy', 'Hepatic encephalopathy', 'HE']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene Glycol', 'polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity11884 :: (MESH:D007792,Chemical) :: ['Lactulose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of @entity3866 and @entity4562 with respect to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and cetuximab response in @entity135 cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five @entity1 @entity135 cell lines were treated with EGF, cetuximab, @entity3866 , and @entity4562 , and the effects were measured with a @entity1686 assay. The efficacies of cetuximab, @entity3866 , and @entity4562 in clinically relevant concentrations were statistically analyzed. The expression of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and phosphorylation patterns were detected with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and western blot analysis. The endogenous production of EGF by the cells was detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, @entity470 , @entity984 , @entity817 , and @entity10412 mutation analyses were performed. RESULTS: All of the cell lines had a poor or no response to EGF but exhibited distinct @entity470 phosphorylation and @entity470 expression. Compared to cetuximab, @entity3866 and @entity4562 demonstrated a greater impact on the majority of the cell lines. The only cell line that showed a concentration-dependent behavior toward EGF and strong @entity470 phosphorylation was entirely resistant to cetuximab, @entity3866 , and @entity4562 . The production of EGF in all cell lines was very low. Mutational analysis of all cell lines revealed wild-type @entity470 , @entity984 , @entity817 , and @entity10412 . CONCLUSIONS: The prediction of anti- @entity470 treatment cannot be based on responsiveness to EGF or @entity470 activation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity3866 and @entity4562 show good response in EGF-independent cell lines and might be useful drugs in @entity5 that are less responsive to cetuximab.

title: XXXX and @entity4562 responsiveness in @entity135 cell lines-a comparing analysis with cetuximab.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['Erlotinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the fine needle aspiration cytological appearances of Kikuchi's @entity3298 . METHODS: Cytological review with histological correlation of all cases of @entity19865 ( @entity19865 ) in which there had been an antecedent fine needle aspirate of the involved lymph node prior to lymph node excision between 2001 and 2006. RESULTS: Twelve cases of @entity19865 were identified in which cytological and histological material was available. In eight cases the original prospective diagnosis of @entity39 non-granulomatous @entity3298 consistent with @entity19865 had been suggested on the lymph node aspirate. Review of these cytological samples identified abundant extra- and intracellular apoptotic debris - the latter embedded in the cytoplasm of crescentic and phagocytic macrophages, set in a background reactive lymphoid population. Three of 12 cases were initially reported as in keeping with nonspecific reactive lymphadenopathy. Review identified intracellular apoptotic debris but no conspicuous extracellular nuclear debris. One case had originally been reported as possible @entity1893 . Histological review of the excised lymph nodes in all 12 cases showed the classical appearances of @entity19865 . CONCLUSION: The accurate diagnosis of @entity19865 on fine needle aspiration is possible given correct clinical data, an adequately sampled and well-prepared specimen in which the characteristic intra- and extracellular apoptotic nuclear debris with admixed crescentic macrophages are identified on a reactive lymphoid background.

title: The fine needle aspiration appearances of Kikuchi's XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity19865 :: ('MESH:D020042', 'Disease') :: ["Kikuchi's disease", 'KD']

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['lymphadenitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Observational studies have shown that low @entity560 status is associated with an increased risk of @entity65 , acute @entity1729 , falls and @entity174 . We recruited 5110 Auckland adults, aged 50-84 years, into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test whether @entity560 supplementation protects against these four major outcomes. The intervention is a monthly @entity3875 dose of 100,000IU (2.5mg) for an estimated median 3.3 years (range 2.5-4.2) during 2011-2015. @entity1 were recruited primarily from family practices, plus community groups with a high proportion of Maori, Pacific, or South Asian individuals. The baseline evaluation included medical history, lifestyle, physical measurements (e.g. blood pressure, arterial waveform, lung function, muscle function), and a blood sample (stored at -80  C for later testing). Capsules are being mailed to home addresses with a questionnaire to collect data on non-hospitalized outcomes and to monitor adherence and potential adverse effects. Other data sources include New Zealand Ministry of Health data on mortality, hospitalization, @entity5 registrations and dispensed pharmaceuticals. A random sample of 438 @entity1 returned for annual collection of blood samples to monitor adherence and safety ( @entity2741 ), including repeat physical measurements at 12 months follow-up. The trial will allow testing of a priori hypotheses on several other endpoints including: weight, blood pressure, arterial waveform parameters, heart rate variability, lung function, muscle strength, gait and balance, mood, @entity1569 , bone density, and @entity1118 .

title: The @entity560 Assessment (ViDA) Study: design of a randomized controlled trial of @entity560 supplementation for the prevention of @entity65 , acute XXXX , falls and @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['non-vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infection']


abstract: Controversy exists whether @entity1 who are genetically heterozygous for 1-antitrypsin deficiency (1ATD), carrying a single PI*Z allele, are at increased risk of developing @entity409 . In these investigations, we determined the prevalence of heterozygous 1AT phenotypes (PI MZ, PI SZ) in a well-characterized cohort of @entity1 presenting with @entity1578 before orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We analyzed data collected from all adult @entity1 (n = 641) who underwent OLT at our tertiary referral center between March 1985 and December 1996. Study @entity1 entered a prospective protocol designed to test for all known etiologies of @entity409 . Complete testing including 1AT phenotyping was successfully performed in 599 adults. We compared the overall number of heterozygous PI*Z carriers in our OLT cohort with established prevalence figures for general and regional American populations, and examined their distribution among various @entity409 subgroups. Fifty-one @entity1 were found to be heterozygous carriers of a single PI*Z allele for 1AT. The predominant phenotype in our transplantation cohort was PI MZ, identified in 49 @entity1 (8.2%), which is a significantly higher prevalence than that reported from previous American population studies (2%-4%). Additionally, a significantly greater number of PI MZ carriers existed in @entity1 with cryptogenic @entity82 compared with other @entity409 categories (26.9%; P < .001). These data suggest that individuals carrying a single PI*Z allele for 1AT may be at increased risk of developing @entity82 and @entity1578 , even in the absence of an identifiable coexisting @entity409 .

title: Increased risk of XXXX in adults with heterozygous alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['chronic liver failure']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of autogenous tibial strut grafts for anterior fusions in @entity1 with severe @entity1513 and @entity3792 regarding maintenance of correction, clinical outcome, graft fractures, and donor-site morbidity. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Anterior strut grafts harvested from the iliac crest, rib, and fibula often are used to treat severe @entity1513 and @entity3792 . Several studies in the literature have observed graft failures, loss of correction, or donor-site morbidity when these grafts have been used. Autogenous tibial strut grafts provide some theoretical advantages with minimal donor-site morbidity. METHODS: This review included 15 @entity1 with severe @entity1513 / @entity3792 who underwent anterior spinal fusion with autogenous tibial strut grafts. Among these @entity1 , 13 underwent staged or simultaneous posterior fusions, and 4 underwent cord decompression for @entity602 . An average of seven levels (range, 3-13) were fused anteriorly. Preoperative, postoperative, and latest follow-up radiographs were evaluated for graft incorporation, @entity174 , hardware failure, and spinal alignment. @entity1 were examined at the latest follow-up visit, and charts were reviewed to assess neurologic status, @entity615 , alignment, complications, and donor-site problems. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were available for clinical examination. The mean follow-up period was 3.9 years (range, 2-8 years). The mean @entity1513 measured 89 degrees before surgery, 62 degrees after surgery, and 66 degrees at the most recent follow-up assessment. In @entity1 with @entity3792 , the mean coronal curve measured 64 degrees before surgery, 42 degrees after surgery, and 46 degrees at the latest follow-up assessment. Apparent fusion was observed in all cases with no graft fractures. One @entity1 reported mild donor-site discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous tibial strut grafts provide physical advantages over commonly used iliac crest, rib, and fibula grafts. The tibia provides dense cortical bone with ample length and mechanical strength, although the actual strength of each strut was not measured directly. In this study, adequate correction was maintained throughout an average follow-up period of 3.9 years, and solid fusion was obtained in all cases. The results indicate that this technique offers a reliable means of providing anterior support in the management of severe @entity1513 with virtually no donor-site morbidity. Although the number of @entity1 in this review was limited, the authors believe that anterior autogenous tibial struts are an excellent alternative for the treatment of severe @entity1513 and @entity3792 .

title: Autogenous tibial strut grafts used in anterior spinal fusion for severe @entity1513 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity3792 :: (MESH:C565711,Disease) :: ['kyphoscoliosis']


abstract: The aim of this study is to pursue roles of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors in the anteroventral third ventricular region (AV3V; a pivotal area for autonomic functions) in controlling vasopressin (AVP) release and cardiovascular system. In conscious @entity35 , we examined effects of AV3V infusion of @entity3390 (a selective antagonist for @entity143 receptor) on plasma AVP, osmolality, electrolytes, arterial pressure and heart rate, in the absence or presence of @entity143 , hyperosmotic or @entity3009 (PG) E2 stimulus. The AV3V infusion of @entity143 caused significant increases in plasma AVP, osmolality and @entity1372 , hematocrit, arterial pressure and heart rate after 5 or 15min. When @entity143 was administered into the cerebral ventricle, relatively smaller elevations were observed only in plasma AVP and arterial pressure. The effects of AV3V infusion of @entity143 were nearly completely prevented by @entity3390 applied to the same region before 15min. The application of @entity3390 was also potent to block rises of plasma AVP elicited by AV3V injection of @entity1421 or i.v. infusion of hypertonic saline. However, it inhibited neither increases of arterial pressure and heart rate due to the @entity1421 treatment nor those of arterial pressure, plasma osmolality and sodium in response to the osmotic load. Histological analysis on the AV3V infusion sites of @entity143 , @entity3390 and @entity1421 indicated that they had been located in the structures such as the median and medial preoptic nuclei, periventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area. These results suggest that stimulation of AV3V @entity143 receptors in the basal state may facilitate AVP secretion and cause pressor and tachycardiac actions, and that these receptors may be involved in both the hyperosmolality- and @entity1421 -induced hormone release, but not in the cardiovascular responses to these stimuli.

title: Contribution of @entity1024 receptors in the anteroventral third ventricular region to vasopressin secretion, but not to cardiovascular responses provoked by hyperosmolality and @entity1421 in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Reported daytime @entity1295 may be influenced by modifiable risk factors. We hypothesized that daytime @entity1295 is associated with less-favorable lifestyle factors, including high body mass index, higher intake of dietary fat, and limited physical activity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: Population-based survey. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 20 to 59 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: We examined relationships between responses to the question, "Right now would you say you are feeling energetic, fresh, average, tired or exhausted?" and body mass index, waist circumference, leisure time physical activity, and macronutrient intake. Analyses included only @entity1 who reported getting their usual amount of sleep the night before the evaluation and controlled for age, sex, and ethnicity; 5.6%, 14.6%, 58.3%, 19.5%, and 2.0% reported that they felt "energetic," "fresh," "average," "tire d," and "ex hausted" respectively. There was a U-shaped association across the categories of @entity1295 for physical activity, body mass index, and waist circumference, with the healthiest lifestyle factors being associated with reporting feeling "fresh." Relative to the fresh group, average, tired and exhausted @entity1 were 1.6, 1.9, and 3.8 times more likely to report insufficient physical activity, all statistically different from the fresh group. This pattern was also observed for body mass index and waist circumference and persisted after adjustment for covariates and exclusion of individuals with @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: In adults aged 20 to 59 years in the United States, self-reported @entity1295 is associated with higher body mass index, higher waist circumference, and a reduced likelihood of getting recommended levels of physical activity.

title: Cross-sectional relationship of reported XXXX to obesity, diet, and physical activity: results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity705 of the adult hand are extremely rare. We present a case of a @entity1315 of the phalanx in an adult. No similar cases were found in the literature. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 25-year old male presented with a @entity1315 arising from the base of the middle phalanx; causing limitations of motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ). The @entity1 refused complete excision, bone grafting and possible fusion of the PIPJ. Marginal resection resulted in recovery of almost full range of motion. There was no recurrence up to the 8-month follow-up visit. DISCUSSION: The case was compared to previously reported cases of ostechondroma of the hand. The management is discussed along with differentiating @entity705 from Nora's lesions in the hand. CONCLUSION: A rare case of a large multi-lobed osteochondroma of the phalanx in an adult is presented and the management is discussed.

title: XXXX of the phalanx in an adult: A case report.

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['large osteochondromas', 'Solitary osteochondromas']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['giant multi-lobed osteochondroma']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['A giant multi-lobed osteochondroma']


abstract: @entity1573 erythrocyte nuclei were digested with micrococcal nuclease and fractionated by centrifugation in low-salt buffer into soluble and insoluble fractions. Post-translational modifications of the purified linker histones of both fractions were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. All six histone H1 subtypes (H1.01, H1.02, H1.03, H1.10, H1.1L and H1.1R) and histone H5 were identified. Mass spectrometry analysis enabled the identification of a wide range of @entity66096 , including N(a)-terminal acetylation, acetylation, formylation, phosphorylation and oxidation. A total of nine new modifications in @entity1573 linker histones were mapped, most of them located in the N-terminal and globular domains. Relative quantification of the modified peptides showed that linker histone @entity66096 were differentially distributed among both chromatin fractions, suggesting their relevance in the regulation of chromatin structure. The analysis of our results combined with previously reported data for @entity1573 and some @entity1 species showed that most of the modified positions were conserved throughout evolution, highlighting their importance in specific linker histone functions and epigenetics. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Post-translational modifications of linker histones could have a role in the regulation of gene expression through the modulation of chromatin higher-order structure and chromatin remodeling. Finding new @entity66096 in linker histones is the first step to elucidate their role in the histone code. In this manuscript we report nine new post-translational modifications of the linker histones from @entity1573 erythrocytes, one in H5 and eight in the H1 subtypes. Chromatin fractionated by centrifugation in low-salt buffer resulted in two fractions with different contents and compositions of linker histones and enriched in specific core histone @entity66096 . Of particular interest is the fact that linker histone @entity66096 were differentially distributed in both chromatin fractions, suggesting specific functions. Future studies are needed to establish the interplay between @entity66096 of linker and core histones in order to fully understand chromatin regulation. A protein sequence alignment summarizing the @entity66096 found to date in @entity1573 , @entity19 , @entity35 and @entity1 showed that, while many of the modified positions were conserved between these species, the type of modification often varied depending on the species or the cellular type. This finding suggests an important role for the @entity66096 in the regulation of linker histone functions.

title: Identification of novel post-translational modifications in linker histones from XXXX erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'Chicken']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity935 D1-like receptor signalling is involved in contextual fear conditioning, but the brain regions involved and its role in other contextual fear memory processes remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate (1) the effects of @entity10095 , a @entity935 D1/D5 receptor antagonist, on contextual fear memory encoding, retrieval and reconsolidation, and (2) if the effects of @entity10095 on conditioning involve the @entity27202 ( @entity27202 ) and/or basolateral amygdala (BLA). METHODS: @entity35 were used to examine the effects of systemically administering @entity10095 on the acquisition, consolidation, retrieval and reconsolidation of contextual fear memory, and on locomotor activity and shock sensitivity. We also determined the effects of @entity3390 , an @entity143 receptor antagonist, on contextual fear memory reconsolidation. The effects of infusing @entity10095 locally into @entity27202 or BLA on contextual fear conditioning and locomotor activity were also examined. RESULTS: Systemic administration of @entity10095 impaired contextual fear conditioning but had no effects on fear memory consolidation, retrieval or reconsolidation. @entity3390 was found to impair reconsolidation, suggesting that the behavioural parameters used allowed for the pharmacological disruption of memory reconsolidation. The effects of @entity10095 on conditioning were unlikely the result of any lasting drug effects on locomotor activity at memory test or any acute drug effects on shock sensitivity during conditioning. @entity10095 infused into either @entity27202 or BLA impaired contextual fear conditioning and decreased locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity935 D1-like receptor signalling in @entity27202 and BLA contributes to the acquisition of contextual fear memory.

title: XXXX D1-like receptor signalling in the hippocampus and amygdala modulates the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity27202 :: ('MESH:C538109', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal hippocampus', 'DH']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: @entity1327 is a @entity1 opportunistic fungal pathogen causing severe disseminated @entity5422 , mostly in @entity1 with cellular immune defects. This species is divided into three serotypes: A, D, and the @entity195 hybrid. Our objectives were to compare population structures of serotype A and D clinical isolates and to assess whether @entity281 with @entity195 hybrids differ from @entity281 with the other serotypes. For this purpose, we analyzed 483 isolates and the corresponding clinical data from 234 @entity1 enrolled during the CryptoA/D study or the nationwide survey on cryptococcosis in France. Isolates were characterized in terms of ploidy, serotype, mating type, and genotype, utilizing flow cytometry, serotype- and mating type-specific PCR amplifications, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods. Our results suggest that @entity1327 serotypes A and D have different routes of multiplication (primarily clonal expansion versus recombination events for serotype A and serotype D, respectively) and important genomic differences. @entity1328 includes a high proportion of proven or probable @entity281 (21.5%) due to a mixture of genotypes, serotypes, and/or ploidies. Multivariate analysis showed that parameters independently associated with failure to achieve cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sterilization by week 2 were a high serum antigen titer, the lack of @entity4895 during induction therapy, and the occurrence of @entity325 , while @entity281 caused by @entity195 hybrids were more likely to be associated with CSF sterilization. Our study provides additional evidence for the possible speciation of @entity1327 . neoformans and grubii and highlights the importance of careful characterization of causative isolates. IMPORTANCE: @entity1327 is an environmental fungus causing severe disease, estimated to be responsible for 600,000 @entity204 per year worldwide. This species is divided into serotypes A and D and an @entity195 hybrid, and these could be considered two different species and an interspecies hybrid. The objectives of our study were to compare population structures of serotype A and serotype D and to assess whether @entity281 with @entity195 hybrids differ from @entity281 with serotype A or D isolates in terms of clinical presentation and outcome. For this purpose, we used clinical data and strains from @entity1 diagnosed with cryptococcosis in France. Our results suggest that, according to the serotype, isolates have different routes of multiplication and high genomic differences, confirming the possible speciation of serotypes A and D. Furthermore, we observed a better prognosis for @entity281 caused by @entity195 hybrid than those caused by serotype A or D, at least for those diagnosed in France.

title: @entity1328 Serotypes Impact Outcome and Provide Evidence of XXXX Speciation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['C.  neoformans', 'C. neoformans var', 'Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['Cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the correlation between @entity1 @entity470 ( @entity1722 ) protein expression and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) using a case-control study and meta-analysis. METHODS: Tumor tissue specimens from 162 @entity14 @entity1 were selected for the case group. Fifty cases were randomly selected, and normal @entity14 tissue at least 10 cm away from the @entity5 margins of these cases was used to generate the control group. The expression of the @entity1722 protein in the 162 @entity14 tissue samples and the 50 adjacent normal mucosa tissue samples was detected via immunohistochemistry. The experimental data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software, and R software version 3.1.0 was utilized for further verification. RESULTS: The expression of @entity1722 protein in the 162 @entity14 tissue samples was significantly higher than in the normal tissue specimens. The data showed that the expression of @entity1722 in @entity14 was related to the Dukes' stage, the depth of invasion and lymph node @entity3 . The @entity1722 -positive @entity1 had lower 3- and 5-year OS rates than the @entity1722 -negative @entity1 , but there was no significant difference. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the 3- and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of @entity1722 -positive and @entity1722 -negative @entity1 . The results of the meta-analysis showed that the expression of @entity1722 in @entity14 @entity1 was statistically significantly increased over that of healthy @entity1 . The 3-year DFS rate in @entity1722 -positive @entity1 was markedly lower than that in @entity1722 -negative @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of @entity1722 expression might be a dependable strategy for @entity14 therapy.

title: Correlation of @entity1 @entity470 protein expression and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Internal fixation of displaced @entity2249 is associated with a high risk for complications such as non-union or avascular @entity39 . A stable @entity174 fixation can improve prognosis although stability is often counteracted by weak osteoporotic bone. The aim with this study was to evaluate whether augmentation with resorbable @entity78 cement could improve @entity174 stability during the early period after surgery as shown in biomechanical studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 40 ambulatory @entity1 with a displaced @entity2249 were randomized to treatment with cannulated screws alone (controls) or screws combined with @entity78 cement for augmentation (augmented). All @entity1 were allowed unrestricted weight bearing after surgery. @entity174 movement was measured with radiostereometry (RSA) at 1 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: At 1 week the augmented @entity174 had moved on average 1.9 +/- 1.0 mm while movement in the controls was 5.5 +/- 3.4 mm (p < 0.0001). The average total movement at 6 weeks was 6.9 +/- 2.9 mm and 10.9 +/- 5.1 mm, respectively (p < 0.005). Varus angulation and distal migration of the femoral head were the most common movements for both groups although augmented @entity174 had moved significantly less at both 1 and 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in angulation between groups around the longitudinal and transversal axes or in migration along the transverse or sagittal axes. CONCLUSION: Augmentation with @entity78 cement improved the stability of internally fixed @entity2249 during the first six weeks after surgery, with improvement being less pronounced at six weeks compared with at one week.

title: Stability of internally fixed XXXX augmented with resorbable cement. A prospective randomized study using radiostereometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium-phosphate']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: The channel-forming protein aerolysin must cross both the inner and outer bacterial membranes during its secretion from @entity1678 or from @entity6464 containing the cloned structural gene. We examined the fate of three mutant proteins in which Trp-227, near the middle of the @entity535 chain, was replaced with @entity2228 , @entity368 , or @entity815 by site-directed mutagenesis. All three proteins crossed the inner membrane and entered the periplasm in the same way as wild-type, and in each case the signal sequence was removed correctly. Little or none of the proaerolysin substituted with @entity2228 or @entity368 was released into the culture supernatant. Instead, significant amounts became associated with the outer membrane. The @entity815 -227 protoxin was secreted by the bacteria but at a reduced rate. The @entity368 and @entity815 mutant proteins were purified and compared with native proaerolysin. They were processed correctly to the mature forms by treatment with trypsin, and like native aerolysin, both were resistant to further proteolysis. In each case, processing was followed by the formation of oligomers similar to those produced by native toxin. The hemolytic activity of the processed @entity815 -227 mutant was one-quarter that of wild-type toxin whereas Leu-227 aerolysin had less than one-hundredth the wild-type activity. These results are further evidence that aerolysin is secreted in at least two steps. As well, they show that the last step, crossing the outer membrane, can be blocked by an apparently small change in the structure of the protein.

title: Site-directed mutagenesis of a single tryptophan near the middle of the channel-forming toxin aerolysin inhibits its transfer across the outer membrane of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity6464 :: ('645', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine']

answer: @entity6464 :: (645,Species) :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cause of lacunar @entity385 , a clinical feature of @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ), is largely unknown. @entity32 and @entity409 have been implicated. Plasma biomarkers could provide mechanistic insights but current data are conflicting. @entity62 ( @entity62 ) are an important imaging biomarker of @entity6249 . It is unknown if plasma biomarkers add predictive capacity beyond age and vascular risk factors in explaining WMH. METHODS: We prospectively recruited @entity1 presenting with non-disabling @entity385 , classifying them clinically and with the help of MRI as lacunar or cortical. We measured biomarkers of @entity32 , @entity409 and hemostasis for >1 month after @entity64 and compared biomarker levels between @entity64 subtypes. We quantitatively calculated WMH. We used multiple linear regression analysis to model WMH as a function of age, sex, @entity101 and smoking (the baseline model). We fitted exploratory models using plasma biomarkers as predictor variables to assess model improvement over baseline. RESULTS: We recruited 125 @entity1 . The lacunar group (n = 65) had lower @entity3479 ) levels in unadjusted (7.39 vs. 8.59 ng/ml, p = 0.029) and adjusted (p = 0.035) analyses compared with the cortical group (n = 60). There were no significant differences in the other plasma biomarkers. The results for @entity3479 were consistent with an updated meta-analysis, although the effect remains non-significant (standardized mean difference -0.08 (95% CI -0.25 to 0.09)). The baseline regression model explained 29% of the variance in quantitative WMH (R2 0.289). Inflammatory biomarkers showed minor improvement over baseline (R2 0.291), but the other plasma biomarkers did not improve the baseline model. CONCLUSION: Plasma @entity3479 levels appear to differ between lacunar and cortical @entity64 subtypes, late after @entity64 , independent of age, sex and vascular risk factors and may reflect @entity409 . Except for a minor additional predictive effect of inflammatory markers, plasma biomarkers do not relate to WMH severity in this small @entity64 population.

title: Plasma Biomarkers of XXXX , Endothelial Function and Hemostasis in @entity6249 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease', 'SVD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMHs', 'White matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To overcome radioresistance for @entity1 with unfavorable @entity263 , a prospective trial of pelvic external beam irradiation (EBRT) interdigitated with dose-escalating conformal @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) prostate brachytherapy was performed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between November 1991 and August 2000, 207 @entity1 were treated with 46 Gy pelvic EBRT and increasing @entity1168 brachytherapy boost doses (5.50-11.5 Gy/fraction) during 5 weeks. The eligibility criteria were pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level >or=10.0 ng/mL, Gleason score >or=7, or clinical Stage T2b or higher. @entity1 were divided into 2 dose levels, low-dose biologically effective dose <93 Gy (58 @entity1 ) and high-dose biologically effective dose >93 Gy (149 @entity1 ). No @entity1 received hormones. We used the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology definition for biochemical failure. RESULTS: The median age was 69 years. The mean follow-up for the group was 4.4 years, and for the low and high-dose levels, it was 7.0 and 3.4 years, respectively. The actuarial 5-year biochemical control rate was 74%, and the overall, cause-specific, and disease-free survival rate was 92%, 98%, and 68%, respectively. The 5-year biochemical control rate for the low-dose group was 52%; the rate for the high-dose group was 87% (p <0.001). Improvement occurred in the cause-specific survival in favor of the brachytherapy high-dose level (p = 0.014). On multivariate analysis, a low-dose level, higher Gleason score, and higher nadir value were associated with increased biochemical failure. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 3 gastrointestinal/genitourinary complications ranged from 0.5% to 9%. The actuarial 5-year impotency rate was 51%. CONCLUSION: Pelvic EBRT interdigitated with transrectal ultrasound-guided real-time conformal @entity1168 prostate brachytherapy boost is both a precise dose delivery system and a very effective treatment for unfavorable @entity263 . We demonstrated an incremental beneficial effect on biochemical control and cause-specific survival with higher doses. These results, coupled with the low risk of complications, the advantage of not being radioactive after implantation, and the real-time interactive planning, define a new standard for treatment.

title: Dose escalation using conformal @entity1168 brachytherapy improves outcome in unfavorable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract:
BACKGROUND: The @entity1277 'not otherwise specified'' (ednos) in dsm-iv is restricted to @entity1277 of clinical severity that do not completely fulfil the criteria for @entity448 and @entity1279 . The ednos category is, by definition, often regarded as a a residual category and in principle designed to incorporate a small group of @entity1 with atypical characteristics. Health insurance companies argue that the treatment of @entity1 diagnosed with ednos should not be treated in mental health institutions and therefore should not get their treatment costs reimbursed by the insurance companies. The most important argument of the insurance companies is that @entity1 in the ednos category do not display serious @entity146 symptoms.
 AIM: The aim of this paper is to show that ednos is an @entity1277 category of clinical relevance. The article provides a critical overview of literature on ednos which studies the prevalence, severity and @entity74 . We also discuss to what extent the fifth version of dsm solves the problems relating to this residual category.
 METHOD: We reviewed the literature.
 RESULTS: The classification given in dsm-iv is not an accurate reflection of clinical reality. Half of the @entity1 presenting with an @entity1277 and seeking treatment do meet the criteria for ednos. The duration and the severity of @entity1277 psychopathology, the presence of comorbidity, the mortality, and the use of the mental health care services by individuals with an @entity1277 appear to be very similar in ednos @entity1 and in @entity1 with @entity448 and @entity1279 . @entity1277 classifications can be regarded as snapshots taken throughout the course of an illness. Over of the years @entity1 can be afflicted with various subtypes of an @entity1277 . @entity4987 places fewer @entity1 in the ednos category that did dsm-iv.
 CONCLUSION: In the latest version of dsm, namely @entity4987 , the number of @entity1 with an @entity1277 classified as ednos has declined. There appears to be sufficient scientific evidence for ednos to be considered as an @entity1277 category of clinical severity, comparable to @entity448 and @entity1279 . In our view, @entity1 classified as having ednos should be offered regular treatment in mental health institutions.

title: [EDNOS is an @entity1277 of clinical relevance, on a par with @entity448 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating disorder', 'eating disorders', "category 'eating disorder", 'eating-disorder', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['course of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1279 :: (MESH:D052018,Disease) :: ['bulimia nervosa']


abstract: 1. Local regulation of subcutaneous blood flow in the forearm was studied in the acute phase of @entity583 . Blood flow was measured by the local 133Xe-washout technique. 2. Plasma concentrations of @entity1063 and @entity1425 were increased on day 1, suggesting an increase in sympathetic neuronal activity, but gradually returned to normal thereafter. 3. Subcutaneous blood flow on day 1 was far below normal (38%) and steadily increased to reach normal at day 7 after @entity1563 . The sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity that caused the initial reduction in flow could be blocked by proximal nervous blockade, increasing the subcutaneous blood flow by 130, 63 and 14% on days 1, 3 and 7 respectively after @entity1563 . A normal response to decrease in arterial perfusion pressure was observed, suggesting that intrinsic vascular reactions responsible for autoregulation of blood flow were not affected by the increase in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity. The vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure could not be demonstrated on day 1 after @entity1563 but gradually reappeared during the following days. 4. Abolition of the vasoconstrictor response is most likely to be due to a centrally elicited increase in sympathetic activity, as a normal vasoconstrictor response was obtained after proximal nervous blockade. Thus the local sympathetic reflex mechanism underlying the vasoconstrictor response appears to be suppressed by a centrally elicited increase in sympathetic discharge rate.

title: Local regulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue in patients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown that employees working with @entity227 ( @entity227 ) are more likely to complain about @entity85 ( @entity85 ). The aim of this study has been to evaluate associations among @entity85 and individuals and work-related factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 1032 @entity227 workers were assessed about their personal (i.e., age, working history, smoking history, physical activity) and work-related factors (i.e., predominant job tasks performed, work posture). Work environment was evaluated regarding fulfillment of the standard ISO 9241-5:1998. The investigation required a direct observation of @entity1 (in order to accurately assess the prevalence of @entity85 ) and workstations. Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) were calculated by means of the logistic regression model. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity85 was relatively high (53%). In general, @entity85 were significantly associated with female sex (OR = 2.832, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.178-3.683), age >=  50 years old (OR = 2.231, 95% CI: 1.236-4.026), longer exposure to @entity227 , both as working history (10-14 years: OR = 1.934, 95% CI: 1.301-2.875; >=  15 years: OR = 2.223, 95% CI: 1.510-3.271) and working time (30-39 h/week: OR = 1.537, 95% CI: 1.087-2.273). Inappropriate workstation design was confirmed by the multivariate analysis as a risk factor for @entity85 (ORa = 2.375, 95% CI: 1.124-5.018). CONCLUSIONS: @entity85 were significantly associated with individual factors as well as characteristics of work environment. An appropriate design of workstations may significantly reduce their prevalence amongst @entity227 workers. Med Pr 2016;67(6):707-719.

title: Work with XXXX : A cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders', 'Musculoskeletal disorders', 'MSDs']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual display units', 'VDU']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual display units and musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). In this study, airway and systemic oxidative stress was investigated in @entity1577 using @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), an established by-product of @entity5204 peroxidation. METHODS: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC), sputum, and plasma were collected from 40 stable @entity1577 @entity1 during routine clinical visits and from 25 healthy controls. @entity1865 was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: @entity1865 levels in sputum (279.8      14.7 vs. 92.7      9.2  nmol/L, p  <  0.0001), EBC (139.9      6.7 vs. 71.5      4.3  nmol/L, p  <  0.0001), and plasma (176.1      15.9 vs. 129.6      12.9  nmol/L, p  <  0.05) were increased in @entity1 with @entity1577 compared to healthy controls. @entity1865 measurement in sputum [area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.977, p  <  0.0001] or EBC (AUC: 0.94, p  <  0.0001) discriminated between @entity1 and controls with greater accuracy than in plasma (AUC: 0.677, p  <  0.05). Sputum and EBC @entity1865 levels were elevated in @entity1 with severe @entity358 [forced expiratory volume in 1  s (FEV1) <50  % predicted] compared to those with mild-to-moderate functional impairment (FEV1 >= 50  % predicted) (p  <  0.05). @entity1865 concentrations in @entity1577 @entity1 colonized either with @entity796 or with other bacteria were similar (p  =  NS). The intra- and inter-assay repeatabilities of @entity1865 measurements was similar in all the three types of samples, while the between-visit variability was higher in plasma. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1865 is a potential new airway marker of oxidative stress in @entity1 with @entity1577 . Sputum @entity1865 differentiates best between @entity1 and healthy subjects.

title: Comparison of Airway and Systemic @entity1234 Levels for Assessment of Oxidative Stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) has been associated with severe @entity656 . The aims of this study were to determine whether early @entity1850 could be used to predict severe post-ERCP @entity788 (PEP) and to determine the effect of prophylactic-pancreatic stenting (PS) on @entity1850 and severe PEP. METHODS: Between 1/2000 and 6/2012, all @entity1 admitted for PEP after an outpatient ERCP and who had >= 1 abdominal CT scan during hospitalization were retrospectively evaluated. The presence of @entity1850 was assessed between 0 and 24  h and 24  and  48  h after the time of ERCP completion. @entity1850 was evaluated as a predictor of severe PEP using area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: There were 113 @entity1 with PEP of whom 22 (19.5%) had severe PEP. @entity1850 was present in 44  (38.9%) and 33 (29.2%) @entity1 between 0 and 24  h and 24  and  48  h, respectively. @entity1850 between 24 and 48  h had a higher predictive accuracy for severe PEP compared to @entity1850 between 0 and 24  h (AUROC  =  0.7 vs. 0.5, p  =  0.002). The prevalence of @entity1850 between 24 and 48  h was significantly less among the 19 @entity1 who underwent PS (11% vs. 37%, p  =  0.03). There was no difference between the prophylactic stenting and no stenting groups with regards to acute fluid collection(s), @entity39 , organ failure or mortality during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1850 between 24 and 48  h after ERCP is an accurate, easy to obtain, and inexpensive predictor of severe PEP. PS is associated with a decreased prevalence of @entity1850 between 24 and 48  h after ERCP.

title: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome between 24 and 48  h after ERCP predicts prolonged length of stay in XXXX with post-ERCP @entity788 : A retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['non-iatrogenic acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The adhesion receptors known as integrins perform key functions for hematopoietic cells. The platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 is critical in hemostasis, and the @entity8652 and @entity2263 integrins on leukocytes have many roles in cell-mediated immunity. Mutations in the @entity2263 subunit lead to integrin nonexpression and to an @entity3230 , @entity3980 . Mutations in either the alpha or beta subunit of alphaIIbbeta3 usually lead to integrin nonexpression and a bleeding tendency termed @entity1422 . Here we describe a unique @entity1 with clinical features of both @entity1422 and @entity3980 . The @entity1 has normal expression of @entity8652 , @entity2263 , and @entity1093 integrins, but all are dysfunctional. The key findings are that "inside-out" signaling pathways leading to integrin activation are defective and that this is associated with abnormal integrin clustering. The integrins themselves are intact and capable of function following extracellular stimulation. T cell motility is normal, as are the expression levels and electrophoretic characteristics of all cytoskeletal and signaling proteins tested, except @entity10185 , which has enhanced expression in the @entity1 's cells. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a dysfunction affecting three classes of integrins. We propose that it is caused by a lesion in an intracellular factor or signaling pathway essential for integrin activation in hematopoietic cells and results in lack of regulation of clustering, an essential component of integrin-mediated adhesion.

title: A novel form of integrin dysfunction involving XXXX , @entity2263 , and @entity1093 integrins.

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1']

entities_list: @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ['Glanzmann thrombasthenia']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency']

answer: @entity8652 :: (3779,Gene) :: ['beta1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity879 ( @entity879 ) carries a high mortality unless urgent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is performed on time. Live donors are utilized to treat this irreversible condition first in pediatric cases and then in adults. Herein, we aimed to report our experience with live donors for @entity879 in a country of a deceased donor organ donation rate is only 1.5 per million @entity1 . METHODS: Among the 245 live donor liver transplantations (LDLT) performed from June 1999 to December 2005, 14 of them (6%) were performed for @entity879 in 8 pediatric and 6 adult cases. Right lobes were harvested for the adult cases whereas left lateral segments were harvested for pediatric cases, except one @entity1 transplanted with a right lobe graft. The etiology of the disease was; acute @entity1956 in four cases, @entity99 in three cases, @entity2360 two cases, @entity775 in two cases, and was unknown in three cases. RESULTS: Three-year graft and @entity1 survival is 79% for these series. Five of the six adult @entity1 and six of the eight pediatric cases survived after transplantation. There was not any donor mortality or major morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: LDLT offers a safe and effective modality of treatment for @entity879 for both pediatric and adult @entity1 to overcome the problem of organ shortage especially in countries where the chance of receiving an organ from a deceased donor is low.

title: Live donor liver transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'Acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['Wilson disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the function of the @entity9317 and to investigate the relationship between the history of acute @entity788 and individual dorsal pancreatogram findings and the @entity1829 function in @entity788 . METHODS: Eight of the 21 @entity1 with @entity1726 diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography had a history of acute @entity788 (group A), and 13 @entity1 did not (group B). The reaction of @entity788 was evaluated after intravenous administration of secretin, by observing the repulsion of @entity654 dye scattered on the surface of the @entity1829 . RESULTS: The function of the @entity1829 was classified into two types. In 12 @entity1 , all of the pigment on the @entity1829 was repelled within 5 min of secretin administration (type I), and in the remaining nine @entity1 it was not (type II). After secretin administration, the pH of the @entity1829 surface in type I was significantly higher than that in type II. There was no significant difference between the type I and type II @entity1 in exocrine pancreatic function, as evaluated by a @entity15795 test. In the group A @entity1 , the rate of occurrence of dorsal duct dilation (including changes of the terminal shape) was significantly greater than in the group B @entity1 . The function of the @entity1829 in the group A @entity1 was significantly worse than in the group B @entity1 . Outflow obstruction of pancreatic group B @entity1 . Outflow obstruction of pancreatic juice, i.e., "relative @entity850 ," was considered to be present in the @entity1 with @entity1829 , and, therefore, the @entity1 with @entity1829 might suffer from acute @entity788 resulting from poor drainage of pancreatic juice and excessive pressure in the dorsal duct. CONCLUSION: The finding that @entity1 with @entity1726 have one of two types of @entity1829 will be useful for understanding the condition and selecting the therapeutic plan for individual @entity1 .

title: Function of the @entity9317 in @entity788 as determined by duodenoscopy using XXXX dye and a pH sensor.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic juice excreted via the minor papilla']

entities_list: @entity654 :: ('MESH:D007203', 'Chemical') :: ['indigo carmine']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['minor papilla', 'type II papilla']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis of the minor papilla']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['minor duodenal papilla']

answer: @entity654 :: (MESH:D007203,Chemical) :: ['indigo carmine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An emerging technique in @entity1118 research is MRI, which has led to the understanding that @entity1118 @entity1 display brain structure and function alterations. Many of these altered brain regions and networks are not just involved in @entity158 processing, but also in other sensory and particularly cognitive tasks. Therefore, the next step is to investigate the relation between brain alterations and @entity158 related @entity73 . This review aims at providing an overview of the existing literature on this subject. Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase were searched for original research reports. Twenty eight eligible papers were included, with information on the association of brain alterations with @entity158 catastrophizing, fear-avoidance, @entity148 and @entity308 . Methodological quality of eligible papers was checked by two independent researchers. Evidence on the direction of these associations is inconclusive. @entity158 catastrophizing is related to brain areas involved in @entity158 processing, attention to @entity158 , emotion and motor activity, and to reduced top-down @entity158 inhibition. In contrast to @entity158 catastrophizing, evidence on @entity148 and @entity308 shows no clear association with brain characteristics. However, all included cognitive or emotional factors showed significant associations with resting state fMRI data, providing that even at rest the brain reserves a certain activity for these @entity158 -related factors. Brain changes associated with @entity221 , @entity158 attention, attitudes and beliefs seem to receive less attention in literature. SIGNIFICANCE: This review shows that maladaptive @entity73 are associated with several brain regions involved in @entity1118 . Targeting these factors in these @entity1 might normalize specific brain alterations.

title: Brain changes associated with XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and emotional factors']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['illness perceptions']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['cognitive and emotional factors in chronic pain']


abstract: @entity2554 following @entity548 is a serious problem with high morbidity in preterm babies. No consensus exists as to the treatment of @entity548 and as to the treatment or prophylaxis of posthaemorrhagic @entity2554 . Serial lumbar tapping was already in use to treat existing or being in the offing @entity2554 . In the present study we evaluated the incidence of posthaemorrhagic @entity1276 when lumbar tapping was initiated early, i. e. immediately before @entity2554 had started. Between January 1989 and December 1996 37 preterm @entity1 suffering from @entity548 grade III or grade III plus periventricular @entity548 were enrolled in this study. Lumbar tapping was started as soon as possible: median (25. percentile-75. percentile) two (0-4) days after onset of @entity548 . A median of 11 (8-17) punctures was performed in each @entity1 . The outcome was as follows: 6 @entity1 (16.2%) showed complete remission, 24 (64.9%) developed @entity1276 and 7 (18.9%) developed posthaemorrhagic @entity1276 with subsequent need of shunt implantation. With the low incidence of shunt implantations in our study we suggest to reconsider the effectiveness of SLP performed immediately after onset of @entity548 .

title: Serial lumbar tapping to prevent posthaemorrhagic @entity1276 after intracranial haemorrhage in preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation', 'Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'intraventricular haemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the ultrawidefield fundus autofluorescence (UWF-FAF) patterns in ABC4A @entity6119 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity6119 , confirmed @entity24816 genotype, and ultrawidefield fundus autofluorescence imaging using an Optos P200Tx. Four independent graders evaluated the images. Ultrawidefield fundus autofluorescence images were evaluated for the presence of posterior pole and peripheral findings, and were classified into one of three types (Type I: lesions confined to the macula with no peripheral findings; Type II: macular @entity194 with flecks only in the periphery; Type III: macular @entity194 and varying degrees of @entity1897 ). RESULTS: Ultrawidefield fundus autofluorescence was performed on 58 eyes of 29 @entity1 . Reviews of images revealed the presence of peripheral (outside the 55   view of standard nonwidefield FAF imaging) alterations on UWF-FAF in 76% of eyes. Overall, the UWF-FAF pattern was classified as Type I in 24% eyes (14/58), Type II in 24% (14/58), and Type III in 52% (30/58). The most common genetic mutations were @entity62802 (6/29 @entity1 , 20.7%), and @entity62803 (5/29 @entity1 , 17.2%). CONCLUSION: Ultrawidefield fundus autofluorescence reveals peripheral changes in the majority of @entity1 with @entity6119 . Peripheral FAF changes may have implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of individual @entity1 with @entity6119 .

title: ULTRAWIDEFIELD AUTOFLUORESENCE IN XXXX STARGARDT DISEASE.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6119 :: ('MESH:C580470', 'Disease') :: ['Stargardt disease']

answer: @entity24816 :: (24,Gene) :: ['ABCA4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity67 might represent an important pathophysiological intermediate between @entity101 and @entity712 . Our aim was to determine whether inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system, which can reduce @entity123 and @entity296 , can improve diastolic function to a greater extent than can other antihypertensive agents. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity101 and evidence of @entity67 were randomly assigned to receive either the angiotensin receptor blocker @entity917 (titrated to 320 mg once daily) or matched placebo. @entity1 in both groups also received concomitant antihypertensive agents that did not inhibit the renin-angiotensin system to reach targets of under 135 mm @entity5332 systolic blood pressure and under 80 mm @entity5332 diastolic blood pressure. The primary endpoint was change in diastolic relaxation velocity between baseline and 38 weeks as determined by tissue doppler imaging. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00170924. FINDINGS: 186 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity917 ; 198 were randomly assigned to receive placebo. 43 @entity1 were lost to follow-up or discontinued the assigned intervention. Over 38 weeks, there was a 12.8 (SD 17.2)/7.1 (9.9) mm @entity5332 reduction in blood pressure in the @entity917 group and a 9.7 (17.0)/5.5 (10.2) mm @entity5332 reduction in the placebo group. The difference in blood pressure reduction between the two groups was not significant. Diastolic relaxation velocity increased by 0.60 (SD 1.4) cm/s from baseline in the @entity917 group (p<0.0001) and 0.44 (1.4) cm/s from baseline in the placebo group (p<0.0001) by week 38. However, there was no significant difference in the change in diastolic relaxation velocity between the groups (p=0.29). INTERPRETATION: Lowering blood pressure improves diastolic function irrespective of the type of antihypertensive agent used.

title: Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade and antihypertensive drugs on diastolic function in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity67 : a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Annotations of completely sequenced genomes reveal that nearly half of the genes identified are of unknown function, and that some belong to uncharacterized gene families. To help resolve such issues, information can be obtained from the comparative analysis of homologous genes in model organisms. RESULTS: While characterizing genes from the @entity6391 locus RP26 at 2q31-q33, we have identified a new gene, @entity65018 , that belongs to a novel gene family comprising three genes in @entity1 ( @entity65018 , @entity65019 and @entity36709 ), and homologs in @entity375 , microsporidia, plants, @entity238 , urochordates and vertebrates. The @entity1 genes are expressed ubiquitously in adult and fetal tissues. The @entity238 @entity65020 homolog is also expressed throughout @entity2971 , particularly in ectodermally derived tissues. The @entity65020 genes encode transmembrane proteins anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Double knockout of the two @entity375 homologs leads to decreased growth rate and greater sensitivity to @entity2425 and @entity3902 . @entity375 mutants can be rescued by @entity1 @entity65020 homologs. CONCLUSIONS: From protein sequence comparisons we have defined a novel gene family, not previously recognized because of the absence of a characterized functional signature. The sequence conservation of this family from @entity375 to vertebrates, the maintenance of duplicate copies in different lineages, the ubiquitous pattern of expression in @entity1 and @entity238 , the partial functional redundancy of the @entity375 homologs and phenotypic rescue by the @entity1 homologs, strongly support functional conservation. Subcellular localization and the response of @entity375 mutants to specific agents point to the involvement of @entity65020 in protein folding in the ER.

title: XXXX proteins are a conserved new family of endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic and larval stages']

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['tunicamycin']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Yeast']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity65020 :: (40404(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['ORMDL']