abstract: OBJECTIVE: Complex relationships among @entity130 , @entity734 , and @entity146 raise significant questions for the study of long-term recovery. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine key themes in sustaining recovery among @entity1 with co-occurring disorders who had survived @entity130 . METHODS: In semistructured interviews conducted at one of the nine sites of the @entity1 , Co-occurring Disorders, and Violence Study, 27 female @entity130 survivors described the influences they considered most important in sustaining and hindering their recovery, with an emphasis on recovery from @entity734 . Recurring themes in the interviews were identified. RESULTS: Seven themes emerged from this analysis. Four of these themes supported recovery: connection, self-awareness, a sense of purpose and meaning, and spirituality. Three others served as obstacles to recovery: battles with @entity308 and despair, destructive habits and patterns, and lack of personal control. The @entity1 in this study reported that, although caring relationships provided important supports for sustained recovery, some of these same relationships increased emotional stress and conflict and thus may impede recovery. CONCLUSIONS: It is important for @entity1 and clinicians to place a high priority on the development of boundary management and other relationship skills. In addition, clinicians need to attend to negative feelings such as boredom and loneliness and to help @entity1 develop a range of meaningful activities that are consistent with a strong sense of identity. Individual relapse prevention skills by themselves seem insufficient to sustained abstinence.

title: Qualitative interviews on @entity734 relapse and prevention among female XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Shugan Jianpi Gusui Recipe (SJGR) on @entity15 ( @entity15 ). METHODS: A case cohort study was used. The @entity15 @entity1 were assigned to the test group (14 cases) and the control group (21 cases) according to whether they would combine with Chinese herbs. Corticosteroids or gamma globulin was administered to all @entity1 in the acute phase. SJGR was administered to @entity1 in the test group in the remission phase, while those in the control group were not treated or treated by @entity500 alone. They were followed-up for a long time after their first visits. The observation time ranged 10-131 successive months. The recurrence intervals and the yearly average recurrence times were calculated in the two groups. RESULTS: When compared with before treatment, the recurrence interval was obviously prolonged, and the yearly average recurrence times decreased in the test group after treatment with statistical difference (P < 0.05). There was statistical difference in the recurrence interval and the yearly average recurrence times between the test group and the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SJGR showed better effects in prolonging the recurrence interval and reducing the yearly average recurrence times of @entity15 @entity1 . It is worth further researches.

title: [Effects of shugan jianpi gusui recipe on XXXX recurrence: a primary report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases are believed to play an important role in @entity5 progression, invasion and @entity3 . In order to investigate if the expression of stromelysin-3 (ST3) mRNA could add prognostic information concerning invasive @entity5 and/or be indicative of a high risk for @entity5 progression in @entity7552 ST3 expression was analyzed by in situ hybridisation of @entity406 fixed paraffin embedded laryngeal specimens. Furthermore, all specimens underwent image cytometry (ICM) DNA analysis, and, @entity876 immunostaining. Invasive @entity5 , both localized (T1, T2) @entity5 , cured, as well as not cured, by radiotherapy, and cases with regional lymph node @entity3 were studied. Furthermore, high grade and low grade @entity1141 , selected for rapid, slow and non-progression, as well as non-neoplastic inflammatory lesions were investigated. Expression of the ST3 gene was found in 9 out of 14 (64%) @entity3 lesions, and in 3 out of 10 (30%) @entity1141 , thus indicating that ST3 expression correlates to @entity5 progression. The ST3 positive @entity5 lesions displayed a higher degree of DNA aberration than the ST3 negative lesions thus suggesting that ST3 positivity could indicate highly malignant @entity5 . Of the three ST3 positive @entity1141 , the first progressed rapidly to @entity5 with suspected microinvasion. The second ST3 positive @entity1141 progressed to @entity3 within five months. The third ST3 positive @entity1141 had been radically excised and hereby cured. All but one of the @entity75 showed @entity876 immunoreactivity, and all @entity1141 exhibited @entity2007 cells. ST3 expression appears to be a late event in the multistage process of @entity105 and could prove useful as an indicator of @entity1141 with imminent risk for progression to @entity3 .

title: Stromelysin-3 mRNA expression in @entity1141 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'cancers', 'epithelial cancer', 'tumors', 'cancer in situ']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'dysplasias']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive epithelial cancer of the larynx']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of ramosetron for the prevention of chemoradiotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CRINV) in @entity1 receiving upper abdominal irradiation with concurrent @entity1487 chemotherapy. METHODS: Between November 2006 and April 2007, 25 @entity1 with @entity5 underwent adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. A total dose of 40 Gy was delivered using 2 Gy/fraction, 5 days a week, with 2 weeks of planned rest after 20 Gy. Concomitant @entity1487 (500 mg/m(2)/day i.v. bolus) was administered for the first 3 days of each split course. During the first course of chemoradiotherapy, all @entity1 had prophylactic @entity1769 before treatment and those refractory to @entity1769 received rescue medication with ondansetron. During the second course of chemoradiotherapy, prophylactic ramosetron was given to @entity1 who were refractory to ondansetron. Response to antiemetics was scored in four tiers: none, no CRINV; mild, did not interfere with normal daily life; moderate, interfered with normal daily life and severe, @entity1 bedridden because of CRINV. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of the @entity1 (14 of 25) had moderate CRINV despite @entity1769 , and received ondansetron. Ten @entity1 who experienced moderate CRINV despite the ondansetron had prophylactic ramosetron, and 60% of the @entity1 (6 of 10) had the symptom improved. CONCLUSIONS: Ramosetron proved to be an effective alternative for the control of CRINV during upper abdominal irradiation with concurrent @entity1487 chemotherapy.

title: Ramosetron for the prevention of XXXX during @entity1487 -based chemoradiotherapy for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatico-biliary cancer']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: The recent development of continuous insulin infusion by pump as a treatment method of diabetics and the fact that several publications have shown some doubt as to the efficiency of this method of treatment on the development of @entity6 , have led us to study this problem. In our study we have followed 24 @entity1 for an average of 22 months (13-41). These @entity1 were @entity1723 , non-obese, normotensive and were divided into three groups based on the extent of their @entity6 . Group I: no @entity989 , 5 @entity1 . Group 2: background @entity989 without ischaemia, 14 @entity1 . Group 3: @entity989 , 5 @entity1 . Only @entity1 from group 3 where subjected to photocoagulation. The above classification was based on angiographic findings and we compared angiograms before and after treatment. In group I, none of the @entity1 developed @entity6 . In group 2, there was only one aggravation of the preexisting @entity989 , however without the development of proliferative changes. In group 3, the favourable outcome was mainly due to treatment by photocoagulation. The different classification of @entity6 that we have adopted into ischaemic and non-ischaemic forms based on angiographic findings might explain our favourable results. The classification into background and proliferative @entity989 does not indicate in the background type the relative importance of the @entity4 and the ischaemia. We suggest that the improved glycemic control obtained by continuous insulin infusion has a favourable outcome on non-ischaemic type of @entity6 , whereas photocoagulation remains the treatment of choice in @entity989 .

title: [Improvement of @entity989 in the XXXX treated with an intraperitoneal insulin pump].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics type I']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'ischaemic retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: In an integrated series of experiments, we assessed effects of translactational exposure to @entity14774 at three different ages: as young adults (2-4.5 months), as mature adults (5-8 months), and as older adults (8.5-13 months). Developing female @entity35 were exposed postnatally to @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ) via oral treatment of the dams on Days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 of lactation at the following doses: 8 micrograms/g (PCBI), 32 micrograms/g (PCBII), and 64 micrograms/g (PCBIII) in peanut oil. Normal controls (CI) and underfed nutritional controls (CII) received peanut oil. Puberty, both vaginal opening and first estrus, was delayed in PCBII and PCBIII offspring. @entity5241 exposure at all doses had a pronounced and consistent effect on uterine response. In mature PCBII and PCBIII adults, uterine wet weights were reduced at all stages of the estrous cycle and in light-induced persistent vaginal estrus (PVE). PCBI offspring exhibited a decreased uterine weight in proestrus and in light-induced PVE. Exogenous @entity53 -17 beta (0.2 microgram) given to ovariectomized offspring was less effective in causing a uterotrophic and vaginal response in all @entity5241 -exposed offspring. Analysis of estrous cycles for 40 days at all ages indicated increases in diestrus. Fertility in young adults and mature adults was affected, with PCBIII young adults exhibiting less success with preimplantation stages, and PCBII and PCBIII mature adults showing an effect at pre- and/or postimplantation stages. As determined by patterns in estrous cycling and rate of development of PVE in 64 days of constant light, exposure to @entity3215 did not hasten reproductive aging at any of the ages examined. Instead, PCBIII young adults and PCBII and PCBIII older adults exhibited a delay in onset of light-induced PVE. This study demonstrates that translational exposure to a @entity5241 mixture that has little notable effect on the dams, not only delays puberty in the female offspring, but also several months later results in decreased uterine response, impairment of fertility, and irregular cycle patterns. Reproductive aging, however, is not hastened, and even may be delayed. Many of these effects could be explained, in part, by interference with @entity172 .

title: Long-term effects on reproductive parameters in female XXXX after translactational exposure to @entity3215 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that systemic ATL-146e, an @entity859 A(2A) agonist, would decrease spinal cord reperfusion inflammatory stress and inhibit apoptosis and that these effects would correlate with improved neurologic functional outcome. METHODS: Thirty @entity95 underwent cross-clamping of the infrarenal aorta for 45 minutes. One group of animals (n = 14) received 0.06 microg/kg per minute of ATL-146e infused intravenously for 3 hours, beginning 15 minutes before reperfusion. A second group of animals (n = 16) underwent @entity2759 with saline vehicle alone and served as @entity63 controls. Animals (n = 9, 11) from each group survived for 48 hours and assessed for @entity16 with the Tarlov (0-5) scoring system. Four animals from each group were humanely killed at the end of the 3-hour treatment period, and the remainder killed after 48 hours' survival. In all animals, lumbar spinal cord tissue specimens were frozen for subsequent Western blot analysis of @entity1457 protein 70 (HSP 70), and for the p85 fragment of @entity12874 polymerase (PARP). Neuronal viability indices were determined at 48 hours with @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. RESULTS: There was improvement in neurologic function in @entity95 receiving ATL-146e (P <.001) compared with @entity63 controls. At the end of the 3-hour treatment period there was a 46% (P <.05) decrease in HSP 70 expression in the ATL-146e group compared with the control group, but no difference in PARP expression. At 48 hours, there was no difference between control and ATL-146e groups in HSP 70 expression, but there was a 65% (P <.05) reduction in PARP in the spinal cords of animals that had received ATL-146e. There was a significant improvement in neuronal viability indices in animals receiving ATL-146e compared with @entity63 controls (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic ATL-146e infusion during reperfusion after @entity2759 results in preservation of hindlimb motor function. There is evidence of decreased spinal cord inflammatory stress immediately after treatment with @entity44732 as indicated by reduced HSP 70 induction. Treatment with ATL-146e is associated with a reduction in neuronal apoptosis as suggested by a substantial decrease in the fragmentation of PARP at 48 hours. These results suggest that @entity32 during reperfusion and subsequent apoptosis contribute to @entity912 after restoration of blood flow to the @entity63 spinal cord.

title: An @entity859 A2A agonist, ATL-146e, reduces @entity912 and apoptosis during XXXX spinal cord reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE: Aspirating bone marrow from the iliac crest using small volumes of 1-4 ml with a 10-ml syringe has been historically proposed for harvesting adult mesenchymal stem cells and described as a standard technique to avoid blood dilution. The disadvantage of repeated small aspirations is that there is a significantly increased time to harvest the bone marrow. However, it is not known if a large volume syringe can improve the rate of @entity236 without increasing blood dilution, thus reducing the quality of the aspirate. We compared the concentrations of mesenchymal stem cells obtained under normal conditions with two different size syringes. METHODS: Thirty adults (16 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 with a mean age of 49    14 years) underwent surgery with aspiration of bone marrow from their iliac crest. Bilateral aspirates were obtained from the iliac crest of the same @entity1 with @entity35 -ml syringe and a 50-ml syringe. Cell analysis determined the frequencies of mesenchymal stem cells (as determined by the number of colonies) from each size of syringe. The cell count, progenitor cell concentration (colonies/ml marrow) and progenitor cell frequency (per million nucleated cells) were calculated. All bone marrow aspirates were harvested by the same surgeon. RESULTS: Aspirates of bone marrow demonstrated greater concentrations of mesenchymal stem cells with a 10-ml syringe compared with matched controls using a 50-ml syringe. Progenitor cell concentrations were on average 300 % higher using a 10-ml syringe than matched controls using a 50-ml syringe (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In normal @entity1 donors, @entity236 from 30 @entity1 demonstrated a reduced mesenchymal stem cell number in aspirates obtained using a larger volume syringe (50 ml) as compared with a smaller volume syringe (10 ml).

title: Benefits of small volume and small syringe for XXXX of mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow aspirations']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review society, ethical and anaesthesiological issues related to circumcision in @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Review. METHODS: Pubmed search and expert opinion RESULTS: Circumcision concerns 30 of male world population. Reasons are ritual, medical and hygienic. In Muslims, circumcision is usual performed before the age of six. Surgery is performed at best under sevoflurane general anaesthesia and a penile bloc. Level 1 and level 2 antalgics are used for 72 hours, once the bloc has elapsed. In Jews, circumcision is performed soon after birth, in the community. Emla is the most convenient antalgics in this case. Except in case of emergency, circumcision under general anaesthesia should be delayed after 3 months as general anaesthesia is suspect to exert @entity137 . Before the age of one year, there is a risk of increased respiratory problems following general anesthesia. Therefore, circumcision under general anaesthesia should be performed after one year of age. Circumcision may represent an adjunct to limit AIDS transmission in endemic countries. CONCLUSION: The ethical point associated with circumcision is to allow @entity1337 , in a way matching @entity1 's age. @entity1337 , is achievable by both the surgeon and the anesthesiologist.

title: [Circumcision in XXXX : an organizational or an ethical challenge?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesia', 'best analgesia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity839 ( @entity839 ) is the principle psychoactive ingredient of marijuana and produces various psychoactive effects through the brain cannabinoid ( @entity13677 ) receptor. The @entity13677 receptor belongs to the seven-transmembrane domain family of G-protein-coupled receptors and is involved in the @entity1426 cascade in the brain. Few reports have attempted to clarify the functional role of endogenous cannabinoid and the @entity1426 cascade through the @entity13677 receptor using a behavioral paradigm. Therefore, in this study, we clarified the mechanism of cannabinoid-induced suppression of lever pressing in @entity35 , focusing on the @entity1426 cascade as a novel second messenger of @entity13677 receptor. Delta(8)- @entity839 and the potent synthetic @entity13677 receptor agonist @entity10025 dose-dependently inhibited lever-pressing performance. The Delta(8)- @entity839 -induced suppression was significantly antagonized by the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors @entity3522 (32 mg/kg, i.p.), @entity117 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and @entity3352 (10 mg/kg, i.p.). The suppressive effect of @entity10025 was also significantly antagonized by 32 mg/kg @entity3522 . @entity1421 (3.2 microg/ @entity35 , i.c.v.), the final product of the @entity1426 cascade, significantly inhibited lever pressing similar to Delta(8)- @entity839 and @entity10025 . In conclusion, we found that suppression of lever-pressing behavior induced by @entity7785 was mediated through activation of the @entity1426 cascade via the @entity13677 receptor. Therefore, it is possible that the psychoactive effects of cannabinoid are due to an increase in the formation of @entity1421 in the brain.

title: Behavioral suppression induced by @entity7785 is due to activation of the @entity1426 cascade in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7785 :: ('MESH:D002186', 'Chemical') :: ['cannabinoids']

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrahydrocannabinol', 'THC']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'Prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Although several syndromes include @entity853 , the developmental bases of this correlation are largely unknown. Naturally occurring mutations in @entity47184 ( @entity47184 , Strong's luxoid: Alx4Lst) have ventral body wall and pelvic @entity854 . We sought to determine whether the development of the @entity790 ( @entity790 ) and its derivatives, the external @entity4998 , is affected by this mutation. We thus performed genetic and tissue labeling analyses in mutant @entity19 . @entity47184 Lst/Lst mutants displayed @entity509 of the dorsal @entity790 and reduced expression of Fibronectin. We analyzed cell migration during @entity790 formation by tissue labeling experiments and discovered that the cells located in the proximal segment of the umbilical cord (infra-umbilical mesenchyme) migrate toward the dorsal part of the @entity790 . The @entity47184 Lst/Lst mutants also displayed augmented expression of Hh signal-related genes. Hence, we analyzed a series of combinatorial mutants for @entity47184 , @entity6832 (Shh) and @entity20734 ( @entity20734 ). These phenotype-genotype analyses suggested a genetic interaction between @entity47184 and Hh signaling during @entity790 formation. Moreover, Hh gain-of-function mutants phenocopied some of these phenotypes. These observations reveal novel information regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of @entity600 , which are largely unknown.

title: Genetic analysis of the role of XXXX in the coordination of lower body and external @entity4998 formation.

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['genitalia']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of both the ventral body wall and external genitalia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic lower ventral body malformations']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['girdle abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['GT', 'genital tubercle']

answer: @entity47184 :: (11695(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Alx4']


abstract: @entity712 is associated with remodeling that consists of adverse cellular, structural, and functional changes in the myocardium. Until recently, this was thought to be unidirectional, progressive, and irreversible. However, irreversibility has been shown to be incorrect because complete or partial reversal can occur that can be marked after myocardial unloading with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). @entity1 with chronic advanced @entity712 can show near-normalization of nearly all structural @entity854 or reverse remodeling after LVAD support. However, reverse remodeling does not always equate with clinical recovery. The molecular changes occurring after LVAD support are reviewed, both those demonstrated with LVAD unloading alone in @entity1 bridged to transplantation and those occurring in the myocardium of @entity1 who have recovered enough myocardial function to have the device removed. Reverse remodeling may be attributable to a reversal of the pathological mechanisms that occur in remodeling or the generation of new pathways. A reduction in cell size occurs after LVAD unloading, which does not necessarily correlate with improved cardiac function. However, some of the changes in both the cardiac myocyte and the matrix after LVAD support are specific to myocardial recovery. In the myocyte, increases in the cytoskeletal proteins and improvements in the Ca      handling pathway seem to be specifically associated with myocardial recovery. Changes in the matrix are complex, but excessive @entity2318 appears to limit the ability for recovery, and the degree of @entity82 in the myocardium at the time of implantation may predict the ability to recover.

title: Molecular changes after left ventricular assist device support for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the myocardium']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity545 ( @entity545 ) is correctable by several surgical approaches including plaque incision with grafting. While the best choice of graft material remains controversial, the risk of postoperative @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is apparent across previous reports. AIM: We attempt to provide guidelines as to which @entity1 may be at increased risk for developing postoperative @entity323 after this procedure, as well as examine the role of @entity7855 (SC) in the postoperative period for prevention of this complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 37 @entity1 who underwent surgical correction of @entity545 with pericardial grafting after plaque incision. Mean follow-up was 24 months. We evaluated @entity1 age, duration of disease, defect size, plaque location, degree of curvature, shaft narrowing, preoperative coital activity, vascular risk factors for @entity323 , as well as preoperative erection grade and duplex ultrasound parameters. Twenty-six of these @entity1 underwent a postoperative rehabilitation protocol of SC to enhance recovery of unassisted erections. RESULTS: Overall, 11 @entity1 (29%) noted @entity2003 , that compromised unassisted coitus, compared to preoperative status. Comparison of rates of @entity323 among those with or without vascular risk factors yielded no statistically significant results. @entity545 duration, @entity1 age, defect size, plaque location, degree of curvature, and narrowing were also insignificant predictors of which @entity1 developed @entity323 . An increased percentage of @entity1 who developed @entity323 were not sexually active preoperatively compared to those that did not develop @entity323 (58% vs. 80%). When @entity1 were compared based on preoperative erection grade, those @entity1 with compromised erectile function were more likely to develop postoperative @entity323 vs. those with full erections (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in preoperative duplex ultrasound parameters between both sets of @entity1 . For those undergoing SC rehabilitation, 7 out of 26 (26%) developed @entity323 in comparison to 4 out of 11 @entity1 (36%) developing @entity2003 when not subjected to the protocol. CONCLUSIONS: No single parameter was found that predicted the occurrence of postoperative @entity323 with the exception of preoperative erectile status. The surgeon must carefully assess and consult each @entity1 when considering grafting as well as consider the possible role of SC in attempting to prevent this complication.

title: @entity323 following surgical correction of @entity545 and a pilot study of the use of XXXX rehabilitation for postoperative @entity323 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['diminished rigidity', 'diminished postoperative rigidity']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil citrate']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil citrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exhaustive exercise induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in systemic organs and tissues and is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The effects of acute exercise on cytokine expression and apoptosis of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) have not been well characterized. PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of a single bout of strenuous exercise on the expression of @entity637 , @entity777 , and IL-beta, as well as the apoptotic status of cells in the hippocampus of healthy @entity19 . To compare central vs. systemic differences, cytokine expression in the intestinal lymphocytes of a subset of @entity19 were also assessed. METHODS: Female C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into three groups: sedentary controls (NOTREAD) (n = 22), treadmill exercise with immediate sacrifice (TREAD-Imm) (n = 21), or treadmill exercise with sacrifice after 2 hours (TREAD-2h). @entity637 , @entity777 , and @entity635 expression in the hippocampus and intestinal lymphocytes were measured by Western blot analysis. Percentages of hippocampal cells undergoing apoptosis (Annexin+) or @entity39 ( @entity2667 ) were determined through flow cytometry. Plasma levels of @entity7707 and @entity2819 were measured using commercially available EIA kits. RESULTS: Acute treadmill exercise led to significant decreases in @entity637 (p<0.05) and increases in @entity777 (p<0.05) expression in the hippocampus of healthy @entity19 . No effects of acute exercise on the apoptotic status of hippocampal cells were observed. In intestinal lymphocytes, the exercise bout led to significant increases in @entity637 (p<0.05), @entity777 (p<0.05), and @entity635 (p<0.05). Acute exercise was associated with a significant increase in both plasma @entity7707 (p<0.05) and @entity2819 (p<0.05) levels. CONCLUSION: Acute exercise differentially affects the pattern ofpro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus compared to intestinal lymphocytes and, further, does not induce apoptosis in hippocampal cells.

title: Immune cell inflammatory cytokine responses differ between central and systemic compartments in response to acute exercise in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['Propidium Iodide+']

entities_list: @entity7707 :: ('MESH:C075750', 'Chemical') :: ['8-isoprostane']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: 618 @entity1 aged 13-36 attending a family planning clinic took part in a sexual health survey during 1985 and 1986. They were followed up for one year in order to ascertain whether an increase in atypical and @entity6349 pap smears was linked to a certain lifestyle. The routine examination included a pap smear, a cervical swab for @entity2954 and other vaginal flora. Cultures for herpes and @entity1047 were done. @entity281 was treated followed by repeat pap smears 6-8 weeks and 2-3 months later. 7% of the @entity1 were virgins, 72% had smoked, and 62% presently smoked (an average of 9 cigarettes daily). Average age at first intercourse, was 16, and partners ranged from 1 to 35. Condom use was most prevalent: 15% used it "always", 20% "often", and 36% "occasionally". The oral contraceptive use pattern was: 60% "always" used it and 10% "often" relied on it. 1/4th used the rhythm method. 90% had never been pregnant, 9% had, and 1% were unsure. of 49 pregnancies 41 ended in abortion. After examining 581, 4 cases condylomata and 1 case of @entity12881 were found. 60% of the @entity1 had normal cervical cytology, 32% showed atypia, and 8% displayed @entity1141 . 22% of the atypias were linked to @entity32 and 6% were related to @entity375 . 9% of repeat atypia or @entity1141 was less severe by biopsy, while 54% turned out to be more severe than the pap smear results, although they tend to indicate more severe changes. 8% showed less severe cytology, and 59% more severe cytological changes. 78% of the group with mild @entity1141 had smoked, as opposed to 22% that had "never smokes". Those with mild @entity1141 were 4 times more likely to smoke at the time of their initial visit (79%) than nonsmokers (21%). 54% of those with normal pap smear reported "often" or "always" using condoms, whereas only 10% of the group with @entity1141 reported similar use pattern. These findings uphold the practice of following the repeated atypical, or initial @entity6349 pap smear results with colposcopy and biopsy, especially within this subgroup of the population.

title: Study of the abnormal cervical-vaginal cytology of sexually active young XXXX living within the Waterloo region.

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12881 :: ('MESH:D006558', 'Disease') :: ['genital herpes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Benign atypia infection']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity859 -induced @entity591 is suggested to be mediated via A(2A) receptors; however, the exact mechanism for this effect remains to be understood. The present study was carried out using @entity23155 , a selective A(2A) @entity859 receptor agonist, to determine the role of the A(2A) receptor subtype in @entity859 -induced @entity591 . @entity23155 (0.3-50 microg/kg) given as a rapid i.v. bolus to awake @entity35 caused a dose-dependent increase in @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased at lower doses, whereas at higher doses, there was a decrease in MAP. The increase in @entity299 was evident at the lowest dose (0.3 microg/kg) of @entity23155 at which there was no appreciable decrease in MAP. Pretreatment with 30 microg/kg @entity42123 [ @entity42123 ], an A(2A) receptor antagonist, attenuated the decrease in MAP and the increase in @entity299 caused by @entity23155 . Pretreatment with @entity1406 (1 mg/kg), a beta-blocker, attenuated the increase in @entity299 but had no effect on the @entity551 caused by @entity23155 . In the presence of @entity4033 (10 mg/kg), a ganglionic blocker, the @entity591 was completely prevented even though MAP was further reduced. @entity23155 treatment (10 microg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased plasma @entity1063 levels almost 2-fold above baseline. The dissociation of @entity299 and MAP effects by dose, time, and pharmacological interventions provides evidence that @entity591 caused by @entity23155 is independent of the decrease in MAP and may not entirely be baroreflex-mediated, suggesting that @entity23155 may cause a direct stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system via activation of A(2A) @entity859 receptors.

title: XXXX caused by A2A @entity859 receptor agonists is mediated by direct sympathoexcitation in awake @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity23155 :: ('MESH:C430916', 'Chemical') :: ['Regadenoson', 'regadenoson']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['Tachycardia']


abstract: Parametric imaging of @entity750 transporters ( @entity16068 ) with @entity4359 -labeled @entity25435 ( @entity25435 ) PET is a useful data analysis tool. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements of @entity16068 binding potential (BP) and relative blood flow (R1) by a 2-parameter multilinear reference tissue parametric imaging method (MRTM2) for @entity1 [11C]DASB studies. METHODS: Eight healthy subjects (3 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ; age, 26 +/- 9 y) underwent 2 [11C]DASB PET scans separated by 1 h on the same day (dose, 703 +/- 111 MBq). Parametric images of @entity4960 were generated by MRTM2 using the cerebellum as a reference region. The k'2 (clearance rate constant from the reference region) required by MRTM2 was estimated by the 3-parameter MRTM. Reproducibility of @entity4960 measurements was evaluated by calculating bias (100 x (retest - test/test), variability (SD of the bias), and reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = rho) for several representative regions of interest (ROIs). @entity4960 were estimated for ROI time-activity curves fitted by MRTM2 and were compared with those based on the parametric images. RESULTS: The test-retest (0.066 +/- 0.013/0.06 +/- 0.011 min(-1)) MRTM k'2 reproducibility was excellent with small bias (3%) and variability (6%) and high reliability (0.95). Retest BP values were consistently lower than those of test BP values in all regions (a mean negative bias of approximately 6%; P < 0.001). The test-retest BP variability was relatively small, ranging from 4% to 13%, with rho ranging from 0.44 to 0.85. In contrast to BP, test-retest R1 values were similar with negligible bias of < or =0.1%. The test-retest R1 variability was excellent and smaller than that of BP ranging from 3% to 6%, with rho ranging from 0.58 to 0.95. @entity4960 values estimated by the ROI time-activity curve-fitting method were slightly lower ( approximately 3% and approximately 1%, respectively) than those by the parametric imaging method (P < 0.001). However, the test-retest bias and variability of @entity4960 were very similar for both ROI and parametric methods. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that [11C]DASB parametric imaging of @entity4960 with the noninvasive MRTM2 method is reproducible and reliable for PET studies of @entity16068 .

title: PET imaging of XXXX transporters with @entity25435 : test-retest reproducibility using a multilinear reference tissue parametric imaging method.

entities_list: @entity25435 :: ('MESH:C412822', 'Chemical') :: ['[11C]DASB', '3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)benzonitrile']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: The responses in @entity12417 to four different agents have been studied. @entity1242 was given sublingually to 27 @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 got more than 20% increase of their @entity10 . Of those with any @entity10 increase at all, 12 got bilateral and 12 @entity158 . The typical late @entity2686 response to @entity1242 was not seen in @entity12417 . The provocative effect of @entity1242 seemed less marked in cervicogenic than in @entity2686 . @entity26 inhalation, a frequently used treatment for @entity2686 , was given to 14 @entity1 with @entity12417 . In general, the effect seemed uncertain and probably clearly inferior to the effect in @entity2686 . @entity3860 treatment (given to 13 @entity1 ) also seemed to be of little avail in @entity12417 . @entity1286 injections given to 11 @entity12417 @entity1 resulted in "marked" improvement in 4, but complete @entity158 freedom was only seen in 2 cases. In our opinion, the present results add further evidence to the view that different etiologic and pathogenetic factors underlie @entity12417 and @entity2686 .

title: Cervicogenic @entity10 : responses to XXXX , @entity26 , @entity3860 and @entity1286 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3860 :: ('MESH:D004878', 'Chemical') :: ['Ergotamine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12417 :: ('MESH:D051298', 'Disease') :: ['cervicogenic headache']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'unilateral pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: AIM: We aimed to study the importance of @entity1722 status in early stage @entity0 for @entity1 who participated in a trial of five vs. two years of adjuvant @entity440 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We analysed the @entity1722 status of the @entity5 from 577 @entity1 participating in the trial, either by a DNA amplification assay (n = 181) or by measurement of the protein level with flow cytometry (n = 396). RESULTS: @entity1722 was overexpressed or gene amplified in 102 of the @entity1 (18%). Overall, @entity1722 -positive @entity1 had a significantly lower recurrence-free probability than others, 62% at five years as compared to 83%, and showed a significantly decreased @entity0 survival rate (P = 0.0007). @entity1722 status was significantly associated with recurrence and @entity204 in Cox multivariate analysis, adjusting for nodal status, @entity5 size and @entity172 receptor status. The relative risk of recurrence (RR) for five vs. two years of @entity440 was analysed in relation to @entity1722 status for @entity1 still disease-free two years after surgery. Whereas @entity1722 -negative @entity1 showed significant benefit from prolonged treatment (RR = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.42-0.93), no benefit was evident for @entity1722 -positive @entity1 (RR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.41-3.2). When the same analysis was restricted to ER-positive @entity1 a similar difference in relative hazard was obtained but the difference was not strictly significant (P = 0.065). CONCLUSIONS: For early stage @entity0 @entity1 treated with adjuvant @entity440 , overexpression of @entity1722 is an independent marker of poor prognosis. The results suggest that overexpression decreases the benefit from prolonged @entity440 treatment.

title: @entity1722 status and the benefit from two or five years of adjuvant XXXX in postmenopausal early stage @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: In mated or inseminated @entity233 , 5 to 15% of eggs set for incubation show only rudimentary development. Most of these embryos die during the first 24 to 48 h of incubation and contain only unorganized sheets of tissue. This abnormal development is termed "positive development" ( @entity245 ). @entity233 eggs also show incidence of parthenogenesis and the resulting progeny is believed to be always male. As both types of embryos are morphologically similar at the early stage of incubation, it has been speculated that @entity245 embryos may in fact be parthenogens. By identifying the sex at the blastodermal stage with the help of DNA markers, we have differentiated between the @entity245 embryos and parthenogens. Parthenogenetic embryos were obtained from eggs laid by uninseminated or virgin Beltsville Small White (BSW) hens, and the @entity245 embryos were obtained from eggs of inseminated Nicholas and British United @entity233 of America (BUTA) hens. DNA was extracted from blastoderms of parthenogenetic and @entity245 embryos. @entity233 W-chromosome specific DNA probe and primers were used to detect females in all samples by Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. No female was detected among the 35 parthenogens examined, whereas there were 3 females among the 11 @entity245 embryos. The presence of both males and females among @entity245 embryos suggests that they are products of fertilization, and that at least these 3 female embryos, if not all the 11 @entity245 embryos, are not of parthenogenetic origin. It is concluded, therefore, that @entity245 embryos result from errors in fertilization or from early @entity2085 following successful fertilization, and that they are unlikely to be of parthenogenetic origin.

title: Differentiating between parthenogenetic and "positive development" embryos in XXXX by molecular sexing.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic mortality']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['Turkey', 'turkeys', 'Turkeys']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkeys']


abstract: DNA methylation patterns change as individuals grow older, and DNA methylation appears susceptible to modification by the diet. Thus DNA methylation may be a mechanism through which diet can affect aging and longevity. We propose that effects on DNA methylation also contribute to the extension in lifespan observed in response to dietary restriction. Relationships between diet-induced changes in DNA methylation and parallel effects on aging and/or lifespan could, of course, be purely associative. Proof of these ideas requires experimental model systems in which it is possible to manipulate genome methylation status and to measure effects on aging and/or lifespan. Commonly-used short-lived and genetically-malleable metazoan species, such as @entity2199 and @entity238 , are not suitable for such studies; the @entity2199 genome is not methylated, and DNA methylation in @entity238 is dissimilar from @entity1 DNA methylation, occurring at cytosines at sites other than in CpG sequences. The @entity5157 provides a potentially unique and tractable model for such studies. Female larval development into the long-lived queen phenotype or short-lived worker is determined purely by diet (royal jelly) through an effect on DNA methylation, and @entity5157 DNA methylation mirrors that of the @entity1 genome. @entity1 cell lines and biochemical approaches offer complementary tools to address specific components of hypotheses relating to effects of diet on aging through DNA methylation in a more targeted manner. Our studies using @entity1 cell lines are revealing effects of @entity4093 on DNA methylation, and indicate that @entity4093 and @entity4025 affect the expression of different sets of genes.

title: XXXX and cell lines as models of DNA methylation and aging in response to diet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans', 'C. elegans']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['Honeybees']


abstract: @entity6594 are strongly linked to excess hormonal exposure, but little else is known about their pathogenesis. The Wnt signaling pathway, which is activated in both @entity157 and @entity4177 , has not been studied in hepatic @entity652 . Fifteen hepatic @entity652 were studied by immunohistochemistry for @entity172 , @entity1420 , and @entity342 receptors (ER, PR, AR, respectively) and correlated with the results of immunostaining for @entity3546 . Direct sequencing was performed to look for mutations in key genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway: Exon 3 of @entity3546 encompassing the @entity9459 ( @entity9459 ) phosphorylation region and the mutational cluster region of the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). Analysis for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 5q was also performed. Immunostaining for both ER and PR was present in 11/15 (73%) @entity652 , and staining with one hormone receptor was positively associated with staining for the other receptor. AR positivity was present in 3/15 cases. Nuclear accumulation of @entity3546 was present in 7/15 (46%) of @entity652 , indicating activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. However, no @entity3546 mutations, no @entity1412 mutations in the mutational cluster region, and no 5q LOH were detected. Two @entity1412 polymorphisms of unknown significance were seen. No clear association between @entity3546 nuclear accumulation and hormone receptor positivity was discerned. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway appears to be important in a subset of hepatic @entity652 but does not result from common @entity3546 or @entity1412 mutations and does not appear to be directly linked to hormonal receptor status.

title: XXXX : analysis of sex steroid receptor status and the Wnt signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatosis polyposis coli protein', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity6594 :: ('MESH:C564190', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic adenomas']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity9459 :: ('2932', 'Gene') :: ['GSK-3beta', 'glycogen synthase kinase 3beta']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastomas']

answer: @entity6594 :: (MESH:C564190,Disease) :: ['Hepatic adenomas']


abstract: PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Divergent edaphic adaptation can contribute to reproductive isolation and coexistence between closely related species, yet we know little about how small-scale continuous edaphic gradients contribute to this phenomenon. We investigated edaphic adaptation between two cryptic species of California wildflower, Lasthenia californica and L. gracilis (Asteraceae), which grow in close parapatry on @entity9155 soil. METHODS: We reciprocally transplanted both species into the center of each species' habitat and the transition zone between species. We quantified multiple components of @entity410 and used aster models to predict @entity410 based on environmental variables. We sampled soil across the ridge throughout the growing season to document edaphic changes through time. We sampled naturally germinating seedlings to determine whether there was dispersal into the adjacent habitat and to help pinpoint the timing of any selection against migrants. KEY RESULTS: We documented within- @entity9155 adaptation contributing to habitat isolation between close relatives. Both species were adapted to the edaphic conditions in their native region and suffered @entity410 trade-offs when moved outside that region. However, observed @entity410 values did not perfectly match those predicted by edaphic variables alone, indicating that other factors, such as competition, also contributed to plant @entity410 . Soil water content and concentrations of @entity460 , @entity1760 , @entity1372 , and @entity972 were likely drivers of differential @entity410 . Plants either had limited dispersal ability or migrants experienced early-season mortality outside their native region. CONCLUSIONS: Demonstrating that continuous habitats can support differently adapted, yet closely related, taxa is important to a broader understanding of how species are generated and maintained in nature.

title: Edaphic adaptation maintains the coexistence of two cryptic species on XXXX soils.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity9155 :: ('CHEBI:46670', 'Chemical') :: ['serpentine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity9155 :: (CHEBI:46670,Chemical) :: ['serpentine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for severe @entity1901 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study of the clinical and surgical outcomes for @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery for severe ureterohydronephrosis due to @entity46 . The surgery consisted of laparoscopic ureterolysis, ureteric end-to-end @entity254 and ureteral stenting at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Strasbourg Hospitals, between June 2004 and June 2009. Data were collected from @entity1 ' notes and also included telephone interview. Normally distributed data are presented as mean    SD, and skewed data as median (range). Categoric variables are reported as absolute values and percentages. Continuous variables are compared using the paired samples t-test. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 had severe disease. Two @entity1 had non-functioning kidneys. @entity75 were more common (76.9%). All @entity1 had associated deep infiltrative @entity46 (DIE) elsewhere in the pelvis. Laparoscopic treatment was feasible in all cases without the need to convert. Ureterolysis was performed in seven @entity1 (53.8%) and segmental resection with end-to-end @entity254 in six (46.2%) @entity1 . Ureteric wall endometriotic infiltration was present in four cases (30.8%). Median follow up duration was 24 months. All @entity1 had improvement of their @entity158 symptoms. There were no intraoperative complications. @entity260 were seen in three @entity1 (23%). CONCLUSIONS: Ureteric involvement is usually asymptomatic, and therefore in @entity1 with evidence of deep @entity46 it must be excluded by ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Laparoscopic treatment of @entity1901 is feasible. Intrinsic @entity1901 is quite frequent in severe ureterohydronephrosis. Complete excision of the disease is essential to improve @entity158 symptomatology and to prevent recurrence of disease. Long term follow up is required to exclude any @entity850 .

title: Laparoscopic surgery for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Left sided lesions']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Major postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['ureteric endometriosis']


abstract: Only a fraction of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 receive clinical benefit from therapy with anti- @entity470 ( @entity470 ) antibodies, which calls for the identification of novel biomarkers for better personalized medicine. We produced large xenograft cohorts from 85 @entity1 -derived, genetically characterized metastatic @entity14 samples ("xenopatients") to discover novel determinants of therapeutic response and new oncoprotein targets. Serially passaged @entity5 retained the morphologic and genomic features of their original counterparts. A validation trial confirmed the robustness of this approach: xenopatients responded to the anti- @entity470 antibody cetuximab with rates and extents analogous to those observed in the clinic and could be prospectively stratified as responders or nonresponders on the basis of several predictive biomarkers. Genotype-response correlations indicated @entity1722 amplification specifically in a subset of cetuximab-resistant, @entity984 / @entity8497 / @entity817 / @entity10160 wild-type cases. Importantly, @entity1722 amplification was also enriched in clinically nonresponsive @entity984 wild-type @entity1 . A proof-of-concept, multiarm study in @entity1722 -amplified xenopatients revealed that the combined inhibition of @entity1722 and @entity470 induced overt, long-lasting @entity5 regression. Our results suggest promising therapeutic opportunities in cetuximab-resistant @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 , whose medical treatment in the chemorefractory setting remains an unmet clinical need. SIGNIFICANCE: Direct transfer xenografts of @entity5 surgical specimens conserve the interindividual diversity and the genetic heterogeneity typical of the @entity5 of origin, combining the flexibility of preclinical analysis with the informative value of population-based studies. Our suite of @entity1 -derived xenografts from metastatic @entity14 reliably mimicked disease response in @entity1 , prospectively recapitulated biomarker-based case stratification, and identified @entity1722 as a predictor of resistance to anti- @entity470 antibodies and of response to combination therapies against @entity1722 and @entity470 in this @entity5 setting.

title: A molecularly annotated platform of @entity1 -derived xenografts ("xenopatients") identifies XXXX as an effective therapeutic target in cetuximab-resistant @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: @entity547 repair has been used successfully to repair inguinal as well as some ventral, incisional, and @entity14147 . The laparoscopic approach is favored by @entity1 because they experience little, if any, @entity282 and enjoy a rapid return to unrestricted activity. We repaired 84 @entity547 in 61 @entity1 from March 1991 to December 1992. All @entity1 were treated by the author in rural west-central Minnesota hospitals, each of which has 30 beds or less. A unique preperitoneal patch design was used, and a novel technique for the dissection of an indirect @entity547 sac was developed. The @entity1 population treated was older than that reported in other series, with an average age of 55 and a median age of 61 years. Based on postoperative interviews, 95% of the @entity1 reported being satisfied with the procedure and their outcome. All ten @entity1 who had also experienced traditional @entity547 surgery preferred the laparoscopic repair. They cited less @entity282 and a quicker return to full activity as the main reasons for their preference. Of the three @entity1 who had a recurrence of their @entity547 , two have had a repeat laparoscopic hernioplasty without subsequent recurrence. The third @entity1 has indicated that he plans to have his recurrent @entity547 repaired laparoscopically again. One hundred percent of the @entity1 indicated that they would choose to have a @entity547 repair should they need another @entity547 repaired in the future.

title: XXXX repair: a rural perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernias']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Laparoscopic hernia', 'hernia', 'hernias', 'laparoscopic hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Laparoscopic hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypertonic saline induces bronchoconstriction in most @entity1 with @entity565 ; however, the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. We have investigated the role of neurogenic mechanisms in hypertonic saline-induced bronchoconstriction. METHODS: The effect of pretreatment with the anticholinergic drugs @entity3897 and @entity13265 and the local anesthetic drug @entity3303 on hypertonic saline responsiveness was studied in 11 subjects with @entity565 . Ultrasonically nebulized hypertonic saline challenge was given in a dose-response manner to determine the provocative dose of hypertonic saline-laden air required to produce a fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 20% or greater (PD20HS). A control PD20HS with no pretreatment was measured before randomization, and on the next three visits PD20HS was determined after pretreatment with each of the following: intramuscularly administered @entity3897 , inhaled @entity13265 , and inhaled @entity3303 . RESULTS: The baseline mean FEV1 values increased by 3.5% and 4% 30 minutes after administration of @entity3897 and @entity13265 , respectively, and decreased by 5.8% at 10 minutes after inhalation of @entity3303 . These changes in the baseline FEV1 were not significant and did not have any effect on the PD20HS response. Premedication with @entity3897 , @entity13265 , and @entity3303 resulted in @entity101 .5, 2.0, and 2.6 times in mean PD20HS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The protection afforded by the drugs was variable in the individual subjects and not related to age, sex, baseline FEV1, provocative concentration of @entity112 causing a 20% fall in FEV1 or use of the inhaled corticosteroids. The protection afforded by anticholinergic and local anesthetic drugs suggests the contribution of neurogenic reflexes in the pathogenesis of hypertonic saline-induced bronchoconstriction in @entity565 .

title: The contribution of neurogenic reflexes to hypertonic saline-induced bronchoconstriction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases of 2']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 and is responsible for urinary symptoms in the majority of @entity1 older than 50 years of age. Although transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard, its complications have impacted upon its utility. As a consequence, new pharmacologic and minimally invasive approaches to the management of @entity1067 have been developed. One minimally invasive approach that employs interstitial laser coagulation by the Indigo 830e LaserOptic system heats the prostate to the point of irreversible @entity39 while preserving the urethral lining, potentially resulting in fewer complications. To test the efficacy of this device we evaluated the interim results obtained in 25 @entity1 treated for @entity1067 . Parameters evaluated included the AUA symptom score, uroflowometry, post-void residual, and prostate size. Following treatment, @entity1 were discharged home and the catheter was removed within 3-7 days. @entity1 were assessed at 1 month and at subsequent 3-month intervals following the procedure using a questionnaire, AUA symptom score, and uroflowometry. The results of the paired t-tests demonstrated a significant increase in the maximal and average flow rates from baseline. The mean baseline maximal flow rate was 8.3 ml/s and increased to 10, 12.7, 14.1, and 12.0 ml/s at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively, and the mean baseline average flow rate was 4.4 ml/s and increased to 5.3, 6.0, 6.6, and 6.2 ml/s at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. The AUA symptom scores decreased from 20.2 to 9.8 at 9 months. There was no intraoperative complication. Six @entity1 developed transient retention. No @entity1 developed @entity1494 , @entity322 , @entity323 , or @entity293 . One @entity1 developed @entity2754 and one @entity1 required retreatment by TURP. Hence, improvements in symptom scores and voiding parameters suggest that the laser interstitial coagulation prostatectomy is safe and effective for the treatment of @entity1067 .

title: The University of Tennessee experience with the Indigo 830e laser device for the minimally invasive treatment of XXXX : interim analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck contractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['Benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) occurs rarely in young individuals (<45 yr) and represents one of the criteria for suspecting @entity4310 families. In this study we evaluated clinical features and molecular pathways ( @entity1344 [ @entity1344 ] and @entity124 [ @entity124 ]) in early-onset @entity14 of 71 @entity1 . METHODS: Detailed family and personal history were obtained for each @entity1 . Expression of @entity1412 , @entity3546 , @entity876 , @entity6756 , @entity4311 , and @entity4638 genes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. @entity124 analysis was performed and constitutional main mutations of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes were searched by gene sequencing. RESULTS: Fourteen (19.7%) out of the 71 cases showed both @entity124 and altered expression of MMR proteins. In the 57 @entity124 -negative ( @entity124 -) lesions altered expression of @entity1412 , @entity3546 , and @entity876 genes were found more frequently than in @entity124 . Seven (50%) out of the 14 @entity1 with @entity124 + @entity5 presented clinical features of @entity4309 ( @entity14 [ @entity14 ]) and in all but one, constitutional mutations in @entity6756 or @entity4311 genes could be detected. The same mutations were also found in other family members. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the involvement of @entity1344 in a majority of early-onset @entity14 . Furthermore, we identified @entity4309 in seven cases (50%) of early-onset @entity14 with @entity73 . These results suggest that @entity1 with early-onset @entity14 should be screened for @entity4310 through clinical and molecular characterizations.

title: Molecular genetic alterations and clinical features in early-onset @entity14 and their role for the recognition of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer', 'hereditary cancer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'MSI-positive(MSI+) tumors', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'Lynch syndromes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the MMR system']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC', 'hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer', 'Colorectal cancer', 'CRC', 'colorectal tumors', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal instability', 'CIN']

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['hereditary cancer syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been established that there are type I and type IV allergens in latex gloves. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to establish the prevalence of rubber glove-induced skin symptoms among health care workers in one Italian hospital. METHODS: Health care workers (n = 1584) were evaluated using a written questionnaire and 295 respondents with glove-induced skin symptoms were tested. We performed: skin prick test with latex glove extract and commercial latex, and @entity9065 ; glove use test; patch tests with a rubber additive series; and RASTs. RESULTS: Hospital employees who used or had used latex gloves at work were 1294. Three hundred and sixteen (24.4%) reported glove-induced symptoms, namely, cutaneous symptoms in all the cases and non-cutaneous symptoms in 105 subjects (8.1%). Twenty-seven of the 295 symptomatic employees tested (9.1%) were latex sensitive. Thirty-one @entity1 (10.5%) exhibited positive patch test to @entity2144 . The most positive readings were obtained from the Thiuram mix and the Carba mix, with 12 and 9 positivities, respectively. The risk factors for latex skin sensitization were: a previous history of atopy and @entity565 ; history of surgery; pre-existing hand @entity1909 ; work-related symptoms; and positive skin tests to common inhalant and certain foods (P < 0.05). Subjects who exhibited positive patch test were significantly more likely to have a @entity1909 (P < 0.001). Of the 295 cases, 275 (93.2%) were @entity5526 ( @entity5526 ), 13 (4.4%) contact @entity110 (CU) (including protein @entity5526 ) and 7 (2.4%) @entity5526 associated with CU. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a high prevalence of rubber glove-induced @entity272 among the employees in one Italian hospital. The majority of skin complaints of latex gloves are related to skin irritation rather than to @entity566 . The immediate @entity566 to latex and the delayed @entity2144 suggest that all the health care workers with glove-related @entity1909 should undergo both skin prick test and glove use test to detect type I @entity56 to latex, and patch test to detect type IV @entity56 to rubber chemicals.

title: Type I @entity566 to natural rubber latex and type IV XXXX in health care workers with glove-related skin symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['allergy to rubber chemicals', 'rubber-related allergens']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatoses']

entities_list: @entity9065 :: ('MESH:D018876', 'Disease') :: ['environmental and food allergens']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis', 'prior hand dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity2144 :: (MESH:D020315,Disease) :: ['allergy to rubber chemicals']


abstract: Recent electrophysiological data obtained in anaesthetized @entity35 evidenced jaw muscle excitatory responses to the electrical stimulation of @entity4218 afferents. In the present work, we describe an inhibitory reflex evoked in @entity1 masseter muscles by stimulation of non-nociceptive fibres travelling in the median and radial nerves ( @entity1610 and @entity15817 , respectively). Eighteen healthy volunteers participated in the study. Subjects were seated on a comfortable chair, with the complex head-mandible-neck-trunk and the limbs securely fixed to the chair. Attempts were made to minimize possible interferences due to the activation of afferents other than the stimulated ones. The subjects were instructed to contract masseter muscles at a submaximal level and to maintain a stable level of muscle contraction during all trials. EMG voluntary activity was recorded from both masseter muscles by means of coaxial needle electrodes before and after the electrical stimulation of @entity1610 and/or @entity15817 at intensities below @entity158 threshold. In all subjects, @entity1610 stimulation induced bilaterally a marked @entity308 of masseter EMG activity, which occurred at a latency of 23.6 +/- 2.1 ms and lasted 27.8 +/- 6.6 ms. @entity15817 stimulation also induced a marked reduction in masseter EMG activity, but this effect was clearly observed in 9 out of 18 subjects, and it showed latency (30.2 +/- 7.5 ms) and duration (44.9 +/- 5.4 ms) significantly longer in comparison with the @entity1610 -induced effect. All subjects exhibited the inhibitory period in masseter EMG following the simultaneous stimulation of both nerves; this one appeared at a latency not significantly different (25.3 +/- 5.9 ms) and lasted much more (37.4 +/ - 8.2 ms) than EMG @entity308 evoked by @entity1610 stimulation. The duration of masseter muscle inhibition, induced by @entity1610 and/or @entity15817 stimulation, was inversely related to the level of EMG activity, while latency was not related to it. Significant increases in the inhibitory period duration were also observed by increasing stimulus intensity, within a subthreshold range for the activation of nociceptive fibres. In all cases, the inhibitory period was followed by a later excitatory rebound activity, whose latency and duration depended on the duration of the preceding EMG inhibition and on the background level of masseter activation. In conclusion, results evidenced that the activation of arm somatosensory fibres modulates masseter muscle activity in normal @entity1 . This might lead to a coordination between limb and masticatory muscle activity, which is required in several complex motor acts.

title: Non-nociceptive upper limb afferents modulate masseter muscle EMG activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['type II limb somatosensory']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: To review a general hospital's experience with @entity370 and the clinical pattern of the disease among the Saudis. METHODS: Retrospective file review was carried out of all @entity1 with proven diagnosis of @entity370 in a general hospital in Western Saudi Arabia over a period of 11 years (1985-1996). RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 , of whom 17 were native Saudis, had been diagnosed to have @entity370 during the study period. There were 5 males and 16 females. The mean age was 45 years with a range of 20-69 years. The commonest presentations were cough (43%), dyspnoea (43%), joint @entity158 (38%), @entity382 (29%), @entity381 (24%) and @entity3329 (24%). The biochemical analysis showed raised alkaline phosphatase in 66%, @entity460 level was elevated in 5% and urinary @entity460 was elevated in 3 out of 7 @entity1 tested. @entity1289 was elevated in 11 of 15 @entity1 . Tuberculin test was negative in all those tested (17 @entity1 ). The @entity1 were classified using the Siltzbach staging into 0-3. Stage 0 (14%), Stage 1 (33%), Stage 2 (43%) and Stage 3 (10%). The @entity2719 scan was positive in 90% of those who were tested (7 @entity1 ). The diagnosis in all except one @entity1 was proven histologically. The outcome was favourable in most @entity1 (76%), though 52% received active treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity370 does occur in native Saudis. On comparison with Western patterns of the disease, there is a female predominance and relative lack of @entity3002 . The rarity of @entity299 was comparable with other Middle Eastern studies. @entity370 , though rare in our community, should still be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with the typical presentation after excluding @entity378 which is epidemic.

title: XXXX in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin Converting Enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, eye, parotid and central nervous system involvement']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and central nervous system involvement']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Sarcoidosis']


abstract: Little is known what effect splenectomy for @entity130 has on early postoperative infectious complications. Our aim was to determine if splenectomy @entity86 in @entity130 @entity1 undergoing laparotomy. We reviewed all @entity130 @entity1 undergoing splenectomy from June 2002 through December 2004. Each splenectomy @entity1 was matched to a unique @entity130 @entity1 who underwent laparotomy without splenectomy based on age, gender, mechanism of @entity130 severity score, and presence of @entity694 . Outcomes included infectious complications including @entity55 , @entity293 , @entity2259 , and @entity6177 , as well as mortality. There were 98 splenectomy @entity1 and 98 controls. The splenectomy @entity1 had more overall infectious complications (45% vs 30%, P = 0.04) trended toward more @entity293 (12% vs 5%, P = 0.12), and more often had @entity55 (30% vs 14%, P = 0.02). Additionally, more splenectomy @entity1 developed @entity281 (20% vs 7%, P = 0.01). There was no difference in mortality (11% vs 8%, P = 0.63). Splenectomy is associated with an increase in infectious complications after laparotomy for @entity130 . More specifically, splenectomy @entity1 more often develop @entity55 and @entity281 . This increase in infections is not associated with increased mortality.

title: Splenectomy for XXXX increases the rate of early @entity86 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['increases early postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or other hollow visceral injury']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury, injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4561 ( @entity4561 ) is a rare manifestation of @entity573 ( @entity573 ) characterized by systolic @entity551 or clinical signs of poor perfusion. The objectives of the study are to describe the main clinical presentation, echocardiographic, and laboratory findings, as well as the treatment options and clinical outcomes of @entity4561 @entity1 when compared with @entity573 @entity1 . This is a retrospective study. All @entity1 referred to two pediatric rheumatology units from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014, were enrolled. @entity1 were divided into @entity1 with or without @entity4561 . We compared the two groups according to the following variables: sex, age, type of @entity573 (classic, with less frequent manifestations, or incomplete), clinical manifestations, @entity299 , laboratory findings, therapy administered, response to treatment, and outcome. Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity573 were enrolled. Of these, five (6  %) met the criteria for @entity4561 . @entity1 with @entity4561 had higher values of @entity1851 (p   =   0.005), lower hemoglobin levels (p   =   0.003); more frequent @entity2753 (p   =   0.004), @entity4988 (p   =   0.004), and @entity1003 (p   =   0.003); and increase in cardiac troponins (p   =   0.000). Among the @entity4561 @entity1 , three had a coronary artery involvement, but none developed a permanent @entity439 . Intravenous immunoglobulin resistance was more frequent in the @entity4561 group, although not significantly so (3/5, 60  % vs. 23/79, 30  %, P   =   NS). None of the five cases was fatal, and all recovered without sequelae. @entity4561 @entity1 are more likely to have higher rates of @entity299 . However, most @entity65 resolved promptly with therapy.

title: Describing XXXX : results from a retrospective study and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity4561 :: ('MESH:D009080', 'Disease') :: ['KSS', 'Kawasaki shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity4561 :: (MESH:D009080,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki shock syndrome']


abstract: Prevention of invasive @entity364 (IFIs) in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients utilizing postoperative systemic antifungal prophylaxis, typically with @entity2380 , is justified among those at high risk for IFI. Use of postoperative antifungal prophylaxis for low-risk OLT recipients is widely practiced but not universally accepted nor supported by data. We conducted a prospective observational study among 200 OLT recipients who were at low risk for IFI and did not receive postoperative antifungal prophylaxis. @entity1 were considered low risk if they had </=1 of the following conditions: choledochojejunostomy @entity254 ; retransplantation; intra-operative administration of >/=units of 40 blood products or return to the operating room for @entity548 ; return to the operating room for @entity834 or @entity5327 ; preoperative serum @entity1011 of >/=2 mg/dL; and perioperative Candida colonization. @entity1 were followed 100 d post-transplantation for evidence of IFI. Of 193 eligible @entity1 , 7 (4%) developed an IFI. Three (2%) IFIs were due to Candida spp. and potentially preventable by standard @entity2380 prophylaxis. Three @entity1 developed @entity3 ; one developed late onset @entity1328 . Liver transplant recipients at low risk for IFI can be identified utilizing pre-determined criteria, and post-transplantation antifungal prophylaxis can be routinely withheld in these @entity1 .

title: Invasive XXXX in low-risk liver transplant recipients: a multi-center prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To assess the effect of oral plus intranasal corticosteroids on subjective outcomes (smell and nasal congestion) and objective outcomes (tissue @entity1712 and @entity842 ) in severe @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). STUDY DESIGN: After a 4-week steroid washout period (w0), severe @entity1412 were randomized into a treatment group (n = 67) that receive oral @entity229 for 2 weeks (w2) plus intranasal budesonide for 12 weeks (w12), and a control group (n = 22) that received no @entity134 treatment. METHODS: Barcelona Smell Test 24 (BAST-24), nasal congestion, tissue @entity1712 , and nasal @entity842 ( @entity33223 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Before treatment, @entity1 showed a significant impairment of smell detection (30.7    39.5%), identification (7.1    16.1%), and forced choice (13.8    23.3%) in BAST-24 compared to healthy population. At w2, the treatment group showed a significant improvement in detection, identification, and forced choice. Positive effect was also seen after 12 weeks of intranasal corticosteroids. A significant reduction of nasal congestion (1.17    1.0 vs. 2.73    0.5) and @entity1127 tissue @entity1712 (10.9    4.2 vs. 41.2    12.2) with an increase of @entity33223 (650    317 vs. 420    221 ppb) were observed at w2 compared to w0 and to the control group. These effects were also seen at w12. CONCLUSIONS: Combined oral and intranasal corticosteroids improve smell and nasal congestion and @entity32 , as measured by reduced tissue @entity1712 and increased detection of @entity33223 . Severity of smell loss correlates with degree of nasal congestion but not with @entity32 , as measured by tissue @entity1712 or nasally exhaled @entity33223 . Our findings suggest that improvement in smell may be related to improved conduction of odorants to the olfactory neuroepithelium.

title: Oral plus nasal corticosteroids improve smell, nasal congestion, and XXXX in sino- @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'decrease nasal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity170 is a common disorder, with prolongation of the average life span it has become a major public health problem. On the formation of @entity170 genetic factors and environmental influences could play a role then it is considered as multi-factorial. Because a variety of functions to affect susceptibility to the formation of @entity170 @entity17894 -F, @entity17894 -B, @entity13239 , ESR1X, ESR1P and @entity8982 are thought to be candidate genes. In this study, the aim is to investigate the relationship between these genes polymorphism and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) values of lumbar vertebra and femoral neck in 188 Turkish @entity1 . Lumbar spine and femoral neck @entity79 of the individuals included in the study were measured by the dual X-ray absorptiometry method. The genotyped polymorphisms by simultaneous amplification of five regions of the genome, containing six SNPs of interest and detecting the amplified product, using the kit MetaBone Clinical Arrays(  ). Statistical analyses indicated that; @entity17894 -B gene polymorphisms major (P = 0.013), @entity17894 -F polymorphisms have minor (P = 0.082) effect on femur @entity79 . None of the other genes has any significant effect on spinal @entity79 . @entity1 age, body mass index and diet has significant effect on femoral and spinal @entity79 . @entity170 is a multi-factorial disease and many genetic and non-genetic risk factors contribute to the development of @entity170 . Early detection of a genetic predisposition to @entity170 should allow delay and/or limit unfavorable changes in the bone tissue.

title: Genetic and environmental factors in XXXX @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The paucity of reports on the incidence and management of organic involvement of the tricuspid valve in @entity627 led us to carry out this retrospective study. Over a four and a half year period, of the 1052 @entity1 undergoing valve surgery at our institution, 253 (24.05%) required tricuspid surgery. Organic involvement was noted in 115 (45.45%) of these @entity1 . Definitive preoperative diagnosis was feasible by echocardiogram in only 48 (41.73%). @entity997 was present in all @entity1 while detectable stenosis was present in 48 (41.7%). @entity384 was seen in 52 (45.2%). Primary repair was possible in 107 @entity1 (93.0%). The reduction in @entity997 remained stable at the last follow up in all but seven @entity1 . Nine @entity1 underwent reoperation in this study for failure of left-sided valve repairs, of which five needed reoperation on the tricuspid valve. All the five reoperated tricuspid valves had had dilated annuli at primary surgery. The presence or absence of annular dilatation did not cause any significant difference in early or late mortality. The presence of annular dilatation in the presence of left-sided valve lesions superimposed on organically involved tricuspid valves evokes the possibility of the presence of an organo-functional disease.

title: Surgery for organic XXXX of the tricuspid valve.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Annular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['Tricuspid regurgitation', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2828 family of @entity5 (ESFTs) are rare @entity2721 characterized by specific genetic alterations. Our aim was to carry out a nationwide analysis of ESFT, to survey the treatments used and to report the five-year disease specific and event-free survival rates (EFS and @entity13419 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study data was gathered from the Finnish National Cancer Registry and all five University Hospitals and consisted of 76 bone and soft tissue ESFT @entity1 diagnosed during 1990-2009. Their medical records were reviewed and data on their disease, treatments, complications and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: The five-year EFS and @entity13419 of @entity1 with @entity66 at diagnosis (n = 57) were 70% and 60%, respectively. Factors contributing to @entity13419 and EFS were the axial vs. peripheral site of @entity5 and adequate surgical resection of the @entity5 . @entity13419 was also affected by @entity1 's age at diagnosis and the treatment employed. The five-year @entity13419 of @entity1 with @entity3 at diagnosis (n = 19) was 33% and both preoperative and high dose chemotherapy were associated with improved survival. CONCLUSION: Population-based studies including both bone and soft tissue ESFTs are few. In this nationwide, population-based study on Finnish bone and soft tissue ESFT @entity1 , we find their treatment successful and results comparable to those previously published. Absence of @entity3 , young age at diagnosis and a peripheral @entity5 site were associated with a better prognosis. It seems that surgical resection of the @entity5 should be performed whenever adequate resection margins can be achieved. The role of high dose chemotherapy merits further studies in this setting.

title: XXXX family of @entity5 in Finland during 1990-2009: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bone and soft tissue tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: The sonic motor nucleus and its fiber connections were examined in a rockfish, @entity49373 by means of tracer methods using horseradish peroxidase (HRP), @entity18663 , and @entity18788 dye ( @entity18516 ). @entity49373 has a swimbladder and a pair of extrinsic sonic/drumming muscles. The sonic muscle is ipsilaterally innervated by the occipital nerve which is composed of two ventral roots arising from the sonic motor nucleus. The sonic motor neurons are distributed in the most ventral part of the ventral column from the caudal medulla to the rostral spinal cord, and form a ventrally located columnar nucleus. Each neuron in this nucleus possesses a long thick @entity2343 . The long dendrite extends dorsolaterally and branches in the lateral funiculus, whereas the short dendrites branch around their cell bodies. After biocytin injections into the sonic motor nucleus, two groups of premotor neurons were retrogradely labeled bilaterally, one in the dorsomedial portion of the descending octaval nucleus (DO) and the other in the medial zone of the reticular formation (RF) in the medulla. The DO premotor neurons were multipolar with several dendrites branching near the cell bodies, and the RF premotor neurons were bipolar. One of the two dendrites of the RF premotor neurons extends laterally into the ventral portion of the DO, and the other dendrite extends into the ventromedial area in the medulla. In the ventromedial dendritic field of the RF premotor neurons, descending fibers arising from the optic tectum (TO) and @entity8845 ( @entity8845 ) traverse in the tractus tectobulbaris and terminate bilaterally. After @entity18516 insertion into the ventromedial dendritic field, retrogradely labeled neurons were found bilaterally in the @entity8845 and TO. The majority of tectal neurons were located in the stratum griseum centrale. These neurons had two short basal dendrites branching in the cell layer and a long apical dendrite extending to the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale and stratum opticum. The toral neurons were bipolar and were distributed throughout the @entity8845 . Furthermore, biocytin injections into the medial nucleus of the lateral line system revealed that the nucleus projects bilaterally to the RF premotor neurons. These results show that premotor neurons for the sonic motor nucleus are located in the dorsomedial portion of the DO and the medial zone of the RF in the medulla. It is suggested that the sonic motor nucleus receives auditory input via the DO premotor neurons and input from RF premotor neurons which receive lateral line input via the medial nucleus, vestibular input through the lateral dendrite extending into the ventral portion of the DO, and information from the TO and @entity8845 via the tractus tectobulbaris.

title: Sonic motor nucleus and its connections with octaval and lateral line nuclei of the medulla in a rockfish, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18788 :: ('CHEBI:52218', 'Chemical') :: ['carbocyanine']

entities_list: @entity8845 :: ('MESH:C566043', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'torus semicircularis']

entities_list: @entity18663 :: ('CHEBI:27870', 'Chemical') :: ['biocytin']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendrite and several short dendrites']

entities_list: @entity49373 :: ('41446', 'Species') :: ['Sebastiscus', 'Sebastiscus marmoratus']

answer: @entity49373 :: (41446,Species) :: ['Sebastiscus marmoratus']