abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study determined the incidence, type, nature, preventability and impact of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) among hospitalised @entity1 and potentially preventable @entity204 in Dutch hospitals. METHODS: Using a three-stage retrospective record review process, trained nurses and doctors reviewed 7926 admissions: 3983 admissions of deceased hospital @entity1 and 3943 admissions of discharged @entity1 in 2004, in a random sample of 21 hospitals in the Netherlands (4 university, 6 tertiary teaching and 11 general hospitals). A large sample of deceased @entity1 was included to determine the occurrence of potentially preventable @entity204 in hospitals more precisely. RESULTS: One or more @entity137 were found in 5.7% (95% CI 5.1% to 6.4%) of all admissions and a preventable AE in 2.3% (95% CI 1.9% to 2.7%). Of all @entity137 , 12.8% resulted in @entity2319 or contributed to @entity204 . The proportion of @entity137 and their impact increased with age. More than 50% of the @entity137 were related to surgical procedures. Among deceased hospital @entity1 , 10.7% (95% CI 9.8% to 11.7%) had experienced an AE. Preventable @entity137 that contributed to @entity204 occurred in 4.1% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.8%) of all hospital @entity204 . Extrapolating to a national level, between 1482 and 2032 potentially preventable @entity204 occurred in Dutch hospitals in 2004. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity137 , preventable @entity137 and potentially preventable @entity204 in the Netherlands is substantial and needs to be reduced. @entity1 safety efforts should focus on surgical procedures and older @entity1 .

title: Adverse events and potentially preventable XXXX in Dutch hospitals: results of a retrospective @entity1 record review study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['AEs', 'adverse events']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2-Hydroxyethylated and oxidative DNA @entity2642 (DNA adduct biomarkers), such as @entity65393 ( @entity65393 ), N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine ( @entity65394 ), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (N1HEdA), and @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ), N2,3-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (N2,3-ethenodG), a-methyl-y-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (CrotondG), are important proposed biomarkers for exploring the genotoxicity mechanism of @entity11540 (EO) in vivo. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of @entity65393 , @entity65394 , N1HEdA, @entity7599 , CrotondG, and N2,3-ethenodG together with regular @entity38361 (dG), and @entity37133 (dA) @entity2642 in the DNA extracted from @entity19 lung tissues for the assessment of exposure to EO after inhalation. The lower limits of quantitation for @entity7599 , CrotondG, N2,3-EthenodG, @entity65393 , N1HEdA, @entity65394 , dG, and dA were 0.025, 0.00125, 0.025, 0.00125, 0.025, 0.01, 2342, and 2500ng/mL, respectively. The linearity of the calibration curves for all analytes were >0.989. The intra-day assay precision relative standard deviation (RSD) values for quality control (QC) samples for all analytes were  <=13.5% with accuracy values ranging from 86.5% to 111%. The inter-day assay precision (RSD) values for all analytes were  <=18.8% with accuracy values ranging from 87.9% to 119%. This method was used for simultaneous determination of the levels of @entity7599 , CrotondG, N2,3-EthenodG, @entity65393 , dG, N1HEdA, @entity65394 , and dA in DNA enzymatic hydrolysates from DNA extracted from @entity19 lung after 12 weeks' inhalation exposure to EO at atmospheric concentrations of 0, 100, and 200ppm. Overall, N2,3-ethenodG was not detected in any samples. @entity7599 , CrotondG, dG, and dA were all quantifiable in all samples. @entity65393 , N1HEdA, and @entity65394 were quantifiable in most samples and the ratio of the corresponding adduct versus their corresponding DNA base (dG or dA) [*10 (e6)] was increased as the EO exposure concentration increased.

title: LC-MS/MS simultaneous quantitation of 2-hydroxyethylated, oxidative, and unmodified DNA @entity2642 in DNA isolated from tissues of XXXX after exposure to @entity11540 .

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', "8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity65393 :: ('MESH:C054529', 'Chemical') :: ["O6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine", 'O6HEdG']

entities_list: @entity37133 :: ('MESH:C058118', 'Chemical') :: ["2'-deoxyadenosine"]

entities_list: @entity38361 :: ('CHEBI:17172', 'Chemical') :: ["2'-deoxyguanosine"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The @entity3964 multidrug resistance gene, pfmdr1, has been shown to be involved in the mediation of the parasite's response to various antimalarial drugs. Previous studies of pfmdr1 expression have shown that transcript levels are increased in drug-resistant isolates. However, a detailed examination of the transcriptional regulation of this gene has not been completed. The aim of this study was to map the 5' UTR of pfmdr1, and to examine the transcriptional profile of the gene in sensitive parasites treated with four different antimalarial drugs. RT-PCR and 5'-RACE mapping showed that the 5' UTR has a length of 1.94 kb. A putative promoter has been identified via transient transfection. Northern analysis revealed a 2.1- to 2.7-fold increase in pfmdr1 expression in 3D7 parasites treated with 50 nM @entity503 for 6 h, confirming results from Serial Analysis of Gene Expression. 3D7 parasites were subsequently treated with experimentally derived IC50 concentrations of @entity8775 , @entity4807 and @entity4765 . pfmdr1 transcript levels specifically increased 2.5-fold at 6 h in @entity8775 -treated parasites and threefold in parasites treated with @entity4807 for 30 min. There was no evidence of transcript induction in @entity4765 -treated parasites. This is the first evidence of induction of pfmdr1 expression in sensitive cells; and suggests a novel method of transcriptional control for this gene.

title: Mapping of the XXXX multidrug resistance gene 5'-upstream region, and evidence of induction of transcript levels by antimalarial drugs in @entity503 sensitive parasites.

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trials applying catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation (RDN) demonstrated a favorable safety profile with minimal acute or procedural adverse events. Whether ablation of renal nerves adversely affects compensatory responses to hemodynamic challenge has not been extensively investigated. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of RDN on mean arterial pressure, renal function, and the reflex response to @entity548 in @entity742 with normotension (control) or with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). METHODS: @entity742 underwent RDN (control-RDN, n  = 8; @entity740 -RDN, n  = 7) or sham procedures (control-intact, n  = 6; @entity740 -intact, n  = 7). Response to @entity548 (20% loss of blood volume), including plasma @entity17955 activity, was assessed at 2 and 5 months post-procedure. RESULTS: RDN caused a complete reversal of @entity101 and improved renal function in @entity740 -RDN @entity742 (p  < 0.0001 for 2 and 5 months vs. pre-RDN). In response to @entity548 , mean arterial pressure fell in all groups, with the fall being greater in the RDN than the intact group (2-month fall in mean arterial pressure: control-intact,  -10    1  mm  Hg; control-RDN,  -15    1  mm  Hg; p  < 0.05; @entity740 -intact,  -11    3  mm  Hg; @entity740 -RDN,  -19    9  mm  Hg; p  < 0.001). @entity548 increased heart rate and plasma @entity17955 activity in intact @entity742 , but these responses were significantly attenuated in control-RDN and @entity740 -RDN animals. Responses to @entity548 were remarkably similar at 2 and 5 months post-RDN, which suggests that nerve function had not returned within this time frame. CONCLUSIONS: In hypertensive @entity740 @entity742 , RDN reduced blood pressure and improved basal renal function but markedly compromised compensatory hemodynamic responses to @entity548 . Therefore, the capacity to respond  to  a  physiological challenge to body fluid homeostasis may be compromised following RDN.

title: Catheter-Based Renal Denervation Exacerbates Blood Pressure Fall During  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'hypertensive chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated for @entity9009 following @entity583 over a five year period. Twenty-three @entity1 underwent full haemodynamic investigation with a view to surgery and nineteen underwent operative closure of the defect. Overall hospital mortality was 47 per cent in the surgical group. Eleven @entity1 had surgery within two weeks of @entity1188 because of marked @entity5122 soon after @entity9009 but only two survived to leave hospital. Eight @entity1 underwent operation two weeks or longer after infaction, all were alive and well at discharge from hospital, six were well at one year and four at three years. Seven @entity1 did not undergo surgery and the maximum survival for these was eight months. No @entity1 in @entity1455 before @entity9009 benefited from repair. Rapid clinical deterioration following rupture carried a poor prognosis. In all the shunt was large and medical treatment was ineffective. It is concluded that early surgical repair should be considered except when @entity1455 antedates the @entity9009 .

title: The management of @entity9009 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal rupture', 'septal rupture']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Invasive plants can negatively affect belowground processes and alter soil microbial communities. For native plants that depend on soil resources from @entity364 ( @entity364 ), invasion could compromise their resource status and subsequent ability to manufacture and store @entity3363 . Herbaceous perennials that depend on @entity364 -derived resources dominate eastern North American forest understories. Therefore, we predict that forest invasion by Alliaria petiolata, an allelopathic species that produces chemicals that are toxic to @entity364 , will diminish plant @entity505 storage and fitness. Over a single growing season, the loss of @entity364 could reduce a plant's photosynthetic physiology and @entity505 storage. If maintained over multiple growing seasons, this could create a condition of @entity505 stress and declines in plant vital rates. Here we characterize the signals of @entity505 stress over a short timeframe and explore the long-term consequence of Alliaria invasion using Maianthemum racemosum, an @entity364 -dependent forest understory perennial. First, in a greenhouse experiment, we treated the soil of potted Maianthemum with fresh leaf tissue from either Alliaria or Hesperis matronalis (control) for a single growing season. Alliaria-treated plants exhibit significant overall reductions in total non-structural @entity3363 and have 17 % less storage @entity3363 relative to controls. Second, we monitored Maianthemum vital rates in paired experimental plots where we either removed emerging Alliaria seedlings each spring or left Alliaria at ambient levels for 7 years. Where Alliaria is removed, Maianthemum size and vital rates improve significantly: flowering probability increases, while the probability of plants regressing to non-flowering stages or entering prolonged dormancy are reduced. Together, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that disruption of a ubiquitous mutualism following species invasion creates symptoms of @entity505 stress for species dependent on @entity364 . Disruption of plant-fungal mutualisms may generally contribute to the common, large-scale declines in forest biodiversity observed in the wake of allelopathic invaders.

title: Mutualism-disrupting allelopathic invader drives XXXX stress and vital rate decline in a forest perennial herb.

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['root fungal symbionts', 'RFS']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: To further understand molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle @entity1184 , expression profiles of translationally and transcriptionally regulated genes were characterized following an acute bout of maximally activated eccentric contractions. Experiments demonstrated that translational mechanisms contribute to acute gene expression changes following high resistance contractions with two candidate mRNAs, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1alpha), targeted to the heavier polysomal fractions after a bout of contractions. Gene profiling was performed using Affymetrix @entity35 U34A GeneChips with either total RNA or polysomal RNA at one and six hours following contractions. There were 18 genes that changed expression at one hour and 70 genes that were different (60 genes increased:10 genes decreased)at six hours after contractions. The model from this profiling suggests that following high resistance contractions skeletal muscle shares a common growth profile with proliferating cells exposed to serum. This cluster of genes can be classified as "growth" genes and is commonly associated with progression of the cell cycle. However, a unique aspect was that there was induction of a cluster of @entity5 suppressor or antigrowth genes. We propose that this cluster of "antigrowth" genes is induced by the stress of contractile activity and may act to maintain skeletal muscle in the differentiated state. From the profiling results, further experiments determined that @entity10740 levels increased in skeletal muscle at 6 h following contractions. This novel finding of @entity10740 induction following exercise also demonstrates the power of expression profiling for identification of novel pathways involved in the response to muscle contraction.

title: Response of XXXX muscle to acute resistance exercise defined by transcriptional and translational profiling.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Large submacular @entity548 is an uncommon manifestation of neovascular age-related @entity1020 . It can also occur with @entity455 . Submacular @entity548 damages photoreceptors owing to @entity68 @entity137 , fibrin meshwork contraction, and reduced nutrient flux, with subsequent macular scarring. Clinical and experimental studies support prompt treatment, as tissue damage can occur within 24 hours. Without treatment the natural history is poor, with a mean final visual acuity (VA) of 20/1600. Reported treatments include @entity5995 pigment epithelial patch, macular translocation, pneumatic displacement, intravitreal or subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity7 ) drugs, and combinations thereof. In the absence of comparative studies, we combined eligible studies to assess the VA change before and after each treatment option. The greatest improvement occurred following combined pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal TPA, intravitreal gas, and anti- @entity7 treatment, with VA improving from 20/1000 to 20/400. The best final VA occurred using combined intravitreal TPA, gas and anti- @entity7 therapy, with VA improving from 20/200 to 20/100. Both treatments had an acceptable safety profile, but most studies were small, and larger randomized controlled trials are needed to determine both safety and efficacy.

title: Submacular XXXX in neovascular age-related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: To determine whether the site and morphology of @entity3361 provoked with @entity934 can predict the long-term prognosis of @entity951 , @entity3361 (more than 90% narrowing) provoked with @entity934 was studied in 66 consecutive @entity1 (56 males, 10 females, mean age 56 +/- 9 years) with @entity951 . All @entity1 were followed for 6.7 +/- 0.9 years and the incidence of @entity299 such as @entity944 , @entity583 or worsened unstable @entity951 was compared with the site and morphology of provoked @entity2473 . The site of @entity2473 was regarded as proximal when @entity2473 occurred in the proximal site of 3 major coronary arteries which was designated as segment 1, 6 or 11, according to the classification of the American Heart Association, and distal in other segments. The morphology of @entity2473 was classified into 3 types, focal (12 cases, localized more than 90% narrowing with adjoining parts constricting less than 25%), diffuse (17 cases, diffuse more than 90% narrowing), and intermediate (37 cases, localized more than 90% narrowing with adjoining parts constricting 25-90%). The site of @entity2473 was classified into 2 types, the proximal group (24 cases) and the distal group (42 cases). @entity299 occurred in 7 @entity1 during the follow-up period: @entity944 in 2, @entity583 in 2, and worsened unstable @entity951 in 3. As to the site of @entity2473 , the incidence of @entity299 was 21% (5/24 @entity1 ) in the proximal group, significantly higher than 5% (2/42) in the distal group (p < 0.05). As to the site of @entity2473 , the incidence of @entity299 was 41% (5/12) in the focal group, significantly higher than 3% (1/37) in the intermediate group and 6% (1/17) in the diffuse group (p < 0.001). The presence of proximal and focal @entity3361 was associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity299 . The site and morphology of @entity3361 provoked with @entity934 is related to the long-term prognosis of @entity951 .

title: [ @entity299 in @entity951 : site and morphology of XXXX is related to the long-term prognosis of @entity951 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'Cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3361 :: (MESH:D003329,Disease) :: ['coronary artery spasm']


abstract: The case was a 28-year-old Japanese female who was considered to be infected with @entity311 in India. She manifested fever in Tokyo, Japan, and was brought to Toho University Hospital due to continuous high fever and severe @entity882 . Ring forms at 11% of her RBCs and ICT Malaria P.f/P.v test was also positive for @entity3964 diagnosis. Not only the high @entity5895 and delay of the diagnosis (6 days after the onset of fever), but also her DIC status required prompt and proper treatment. The diagnosis of severe @entity311 was strongly considered, and intravenous @entity506 (a qinghaosu derivative) was decided to be administered to the @entity1 . After the four series of administration, @entity8775 was subsequently given to prevent recrudescence. Parasite clearance time and fever clearance time were 24 hours and 108 hours, respectively. @entity882 was improved shortly after the treatment, but then @entity417 was once worsened with following gradual improvement. No other significant side effects were observed and no recrudescence occurred up to 8 months after her discharge. In Japan, very few cases treated with intravenous @entity506 were reported and our results showed its safe and excellent effect for a Japanese @entity311 @entity1 .

title: [A case of falciparum malaria successfully treated with intravenous XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['Artesunate']

answer: @entity506 :: (MESH:C039726,Chemical) :: ['artesunate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the role of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) as the primary soft-tissue restraint against lateral patellar translation has been recognized, several different reconstruction procedures for the treatment of patellar instability have been proposed over recent years. Many of these techniques require bony procedures and hardware fixation at the patellar and femoral side, leading to complications as described previously in the literature. The purpose of the present study is to describe the technique of isolated MPFL reconstruction using the @entity121 tendon and report the results at a mean follow-up of 38  months. The hypothesis is that this technique, not requiring drilling of bone tunnels on the patellar and femoral side, may be a "simple and safe" mean to manage patellar instability, giving good clinical results with low complication rate in selected @entity1 with normal osseous anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen consecutive @entity1 (9 male, 7 female; mean age 22  years) with chronic patellar instability underwent medial patellofemoral reconstruction with the superficial layer of the @entity121 tendon. All the @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by physical examination and subjectively with Kujala and Lysholm scores. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 38  months (range 28-48  months). No recurrent episodes of @entity7194 and no complications occurred. The mean Kujala score increased from 35.8 preoperatively to 88.8 postoperatively and the Lysholm score improved from 43.3 preoperatively to 89.3 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated MPFL reconstruction using an autologous @entity121 tendon and not requiring bone tunnels, may be a safe, simple and effective procedure for the treatment of patellar instability without complications such as @entity174 as reported by clinical studies using hamstring grafts. For the same reason it may also be indicated in skeletally immature @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

title: Isolated reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament with autologous XXXX tendon.

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation or subluxation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['patellar fracture']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['quadriceps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity521 are now stratified at diagnosis according to the presence and number of image-defined risk factors (IDRFs). We examined the added value of IDRF assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for predicting surgical resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2009-2012, 39 out of 91 @entity1 operated on in our institution for @entity5 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on ongoing SIOPEN protocols or treatment guidelines. IDRFs were assessed both at diagnosis and preoperatively on CT and/or MRI. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 30 months [range 2-191]. The @entity5 locations were adrenal (n   =   20), paravertebral (n   =   13) and perivascular (n   =   6). INRGSS stages were L2 (n   =   13), M (n   =   25) and Ms (n   =   1). @entity5 (28%) were MYCN-amplified. Chemotherapy reduced the number of IDRFs in 54% of @entity1 overall (21/39): 61.5% (16/26) of M and Ms @entity1 , and 38.5% (5/13) of non metastatic @entity1 (P   <   0.001). The number of IDRFs lost after chemotherapy was proportional to the degree of @entity5 shrinkage (P   =   0.002), independent of the @entity5 location (P   =   0.73), although the number was higher in @entity1 with left versus right adrenal locations (P   =   0.004). @entity1 with @entity521 on post-surgical histology lost more IDRFs (median: 1[0-9]) than @entity1 with @entity6012 (median: 0[0-4]) (P   <   0.001). The completeness of resection was related only to the number of preoperative IDRFs (P   =   0.028). CONCLUSION: IDRF assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is useful for predicting @entity5 . A larger international study is needed to confirm these results and to explore a possible correlation between preoperative IDRF status and survival. Pediatr @entity5 2015;62:1543-1549.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Image-defined risk factor assessment of XXXX after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is useful for predicting intra-operative risk factors and the completeness of resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6012 :: ('MESH:D018305', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroblastic tumors', 'Eleven tumors', 'Blood Cancer', 'completeness of resection of neurogenic tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neurogenic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a fluorogenic probe quantitative RT-PCR (FQ-RT-PCR) method for detection of bcr/abl mRNA fusion gene expression level in @entity1778 cells, and provide a useful tool for @entity1778 diagnosis and minimal @entity66 inspectation. METHOD: The conventional RT-PCR was used to amplify bcr/abl gene from cultured K562 cells, the quantitative standard template was constructed with A-T clone method. The fluo-rogenic quantitative RT-PCR method by using Applied Biosystems 7700 Sequence Detector for detecting the expression of bcr/abl fusion gene was successfully. The sensitivity, stability and repetitiveness of this method was determined. The peripheral blood samples from 14 @entity1860 @entity1 , one of whom before and one month after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and 4 cases of @entity981 in the early stages were detected. RESULTS: The sensitivity of FQ-RT-PCR for detecting bcr/abl fusion gene was about 10(-5) micro g RNA from K562 cell and 10 copies recombined plasmid. The repetition CT value (cycle threshold) and the coefficient variation (CV) among tubes and batches were 2.0% and 3.7%, respectively. The median bcr/abl fusion gene expression level of 14 @entity1860 @entity1 was 5.15 x 10(4) copies/ micro g RNA. The products analyzed by electrophoresis showed that 11 cases were b2a2 and 3 cases b3a2. 1.2 x 10(5) copies/ micro g RNA in one @entity1860 @entity1 before BMT was changed to 2.3 x 10(3) copies/ micro g RNA one month after BMT. B2a2 was observed in one of the four (25.0%) @entity1 with @entity981 , and its level of expression was 8.2 x 10(5) copies/ micro g RNA. CONCLUSION: The established FQ-RT-PCR method is sensitive, specific, reliable, accurate and good at repetitiveness. The results expressed in copies were easy for evaluation and comparation. Two different bcr/abl fusion gene form - b2a2, b3a2 can be detected by the method. It can be widely applied to diagnosis and detection of minimal @entity66 for @entity1860 and some @entity981 @entity1 .

title: Quantification of bcr/abl mRNA expression level in XXXX cells by FQ-RT-PCR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of different insufflation pressures and durations of @entity515 @entity516 on the growth of liver @entity3 was investigated in a @entity19 model. The possible mechanisms involved in the pressure-related enhancement of liver @entity3 were also examined. METHODS: @entity19 inoculated intraportally with colon 26 cells underwent @entity515 @entity516 at different pressures (5,10, or 15 mmHg) for 30 or 60 min, or received no treatment other than @entity5 cell inoculation (control). The subsequent growth of liver metastases was examined. @entity19 injected intraportally with @entity4769 -labeled colon 26 cells underwent @entity516 at three different pressures or served as controls. The radioactivity of the liver was determined to evaluate @entity5 accumulation in the liver. @entity19 received @entity516 at three different pressures or received trocar placement alone. Changes in plasma @entity777 levels were determined. RESULTS: The growth of liver metastases on day 14 was influenced by increased insufflation pressures (p < 0.05) rather than the prolonged duration of @entity516 without significant interaction. The 15-mmHg @entity516 group showed a higher (p < 0.05) accumulation of radioactivity in the liver compared with the 5-mmHg @entity516 group and controls. Pneumoperitoneum groups with 5 and 10 mmHg showed higher (p < 0.05) peak levels of @entity777 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated insufflation pressure plays an important role in the enhancement of liver metastases, and this pressure-related adverse effect may be partly relevant to facilitating accumulation of @entity5 cells in the liver.

title: Increased insufflation pressure enhances the development of liver XXXX in a @entity19 laparoscopy model: possible mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Although a tourniquet is frequently used in penile surgery there is still no consensus on safe application time. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels and histological changes in skin flaps after penile tourniquet application and @entity1425 injection. A total of 36 male white @entity95 were randomly divided into six groups each containing six animals. @entity1129 was raised in all of the groups and a tourniquet was applied and the penis was subjected to @entity63 for 10, 20 and 40 min in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The flaps were then allowed to reperfuse for 5 min. Biopsies for @entity1865 measurement were harvested in these groups. Subcutaneous 1/200,000 @entity1425 was injected into penile skin in group 4 and 5 @entity95 and biopsies for @entity1865 measurement were harvested 10 and 40 min after injection. The control group was anesthetized without tourniquet usage or @entity1425 injection. Specimens taken from the harvested flaps of all groups were submitted for histological evaluation. The mean @entity1865 levels in all experimental groups were higher than in the control group and the difference was statistically significant. @entity4 , @entity384 and extravasation were observed in groups 1, 2 and 3. Minimal @entity384 and @entity4 were observed in group 4 and severe @entity4 and extravasation in group 5. Tourniquet usage for a duration of less than 10 min is clearly safer than prolonged usage. @entity1425 injection to penile skin may show a deleterious effect on wound healing.

title: Tourniquet application and XXXX injection to penile skin: is it safe?

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A Mathieu-like flap']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the clinical characteristics and determine mutations in the @entity18356 gene, encoding a kinesin motor protein in @entity1 with congenital @entity82 of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) type 1. METHODS: @entity1 of five families with @entity45747 and two simplex @entity1 with CFEOM underwent ophthalmologic examination and mutation analysis in the @entity18356 gene. RESULTS: Clinical examination and passive motility testing prior to surgery met criteria for CFEOM. All @entity1 had congenital restrictive ophthalmoplegia primarily affecting muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve. Complete mutation screening in the @entity18356 gene revealed the presence of the known and most common recurrent variant @entity59987 in three families and in two simplex cases. Two families demonstrated linkage to chromosome 16. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 included in the study had marked restriction of movement bilaterally with nearly complete loss of @entity1319 , graded reduction of horizontal motility, @entity1736 , and compensatory chin elevation. The phenotype was variable in @entity1 carrying the same mutation. In one family, all @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1032 , indicating that this syndrome might not only affect the development of cranial nerves, but can also be responsible for general @entity51 . The screening data suggest frequent and exclusive appearance of the @entity64308 variant in sporadic and familial cases of @entity18356 in Germany.

title: @entity18356 variant XXXX in familial or sporadic cases of @entity18356 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity45747 :: ('MESH:C580012', 'Disease') :: ['congenital fibrosis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['vertical ocular motility']

answer: @entity59987 :: (p|SUB|R|954|W,ProteinMutation) :: ['R954W']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 with signs of @entity1381 at the time of initiation of @entity22 ( @entity22 ) are likely to remain malnourished over the subsequent year. Because poor nutritional status is associated with worse clinical outcomes in @entity22 @entity1 , we hypothesized that @entity454 @entity1 with evidence of @entity1381 at the time of initiation of @entity22 would have more hospitalization events compared with @entity1 initiating @entity22 without signs of @entity3147 during the first year of therapy. DESIGN/INTERVENTION: This was an observational cohort of incident @entity22 @entity1 , with no specific nutritional intervention. SETTING: Vanderbilt University Outpatient Dialysis Unit. @entity1 : All newly initiated @entity22 @entity1 at Vanderbilt University Outpatient Dialysis Unit were recruited for study purposes. A total of 149 @entity1 were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The following parameters were recorded at the time of initiation of @entity22 : age; race; gender; serum concentrations of albumin, @entity1011 , @entity165 , and @entity69 ; and whether the @entity1 had @entity1723 . The number of hospital admissions and length of stay in the hospital were recorded for all study @entity1 during the first year of @entity22 . Associated hospital charges were obtained for a subgroup of 52 @entity1 . RESULTS: Study variables were associated with hospitalization in the subsequent year, the number of hospital admissions, and the length of stay in the hospital. @entity1 who initiated @entity22 in the lowest quartile of serum albumin had a significantly greater average of admissions compared with @entity1 who initiated in the highest quartile (1.77 +/- 1.82 versus 0.72 +/- 0.96 admissions, P =.002). The length of stay in the hospital was also higher in the lowest quartile of serum albumin (8.96 +/- 9.96 versus 3.83 +/- 5.68 days, P =.006). Serum @entity1011 was also inversely associated with greater average number of admissions (2.27 +/- 2.41 versus 0.83 +/- 1.68 admissions, P =.004) and longer length of stay (12.43 +/- 15.15 versus 4.72 +/- 11.57 days, P =.017) in lowest compared with the highest quartile. In addition, the costs associated with hospitalizations were higher in the group of @entity1 initiating @entity22 with lower concentrations of serum albumin and serum @entity1011 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study of incident @entity22 @entity1 , the concentrations of 2 nutritional parameters, serum albumin and serum @entity1011 at the time of initiation of @entity22 , were significantly and negatively associated with hospitalization events. There was also a trend for greater hospital charges in @entity1 with lower concentrations of serum albumin and @entity1011 .

title: The extent of @entity1381 at the time of initiation of XXXX is associated with subsequent hospitalization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['maintenance hemodialysis', 'MHD']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['maintenance hemodialysis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The vertical infraclavicular blockade of the brachial plexus ( @entity3549 ) according to Kilka et al.is a technique which has gained more importance over the past years. This method distinguishes itself from other periclavicular techniques by a very low risk of pneumothorax (0.2%), which seems to be increased with asthenic @entity1 . METHODS: In the study presented we examined 52 @entity1 undergoing a vertical infraclavicular blockade of the brachial plexus, for an alternative method to determine the puncture point. With 31 of the 52 @entity1 , who had a small distance (<20 cm) between the landmarks jugulum and anterior process of the acromion, the puncture point was moved 0.3 cm in a lateral direction for each centimeter less than 20 cm. Additionally we determined the "finger-point", i.e. the medial margin of the anesthetist's index finger, placed in the gap between the M. deltoideus and M. pectoralis with the finger tip touching the clavicle. RESULTS: In 54% of the @entity1 , the "finger-point" corresponded to the measured puncture point. In 46% of the @entity1 , these points varied by a maximum of 1 cm in the lateral or medial direction. In 53% of the @entity1 , the plexus could be found at the measured puncture point,which applied especially to the @entity1 with a small distance between the leading points (<20 cm) and as a consequence a lateralized puncture point. If a correction of the puncture point was necessary to find the plexus, the correction by skin movement would always be in the direction of the "finger-point". CONCLUSIONS: As a consequence, we assume that if the distance between the leading points jugulum and ventral process of acromion is smaller than 20 cm, the puncture point for a vertical infraclavicular blockade of the brachial plexus should be lateralized as described above; additionally, the "finger-point" should be determined in order to verify the puncture point and to finally give an idea of the direction, in case of a possible need for correcting the puncture point.

title: [Vertical infraclavicular blockade of the brachial plexus ( XXXX ). A modified method to verify the puncture point under consideration of the risk of pneumothorax].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3549 :: (7432,Gene) :: ['VIP']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Distraction-based spinal growth modulation by growing rods or vertical expandable prosthetic @entity702 ribs (VEPTRs) is the mainstay of instrumented operative strategies to correct early onset @entity85 . In order to objectify the benefits, it has become common sense to measure the gain in spine height by assessing T1-S1 distance on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs. However, by ignoring growth changes on vertebral levels and by limiting measurement to one plane, valuable data is missed regarding the three-dimensional (3D) effects of growth modulation. This information might be interesting when it comes to final fusion or, even more so, when the protective growing implants are removed and the spine re-exposed to physiologic forces at the end of growth. METHODS: The goal of this retrospective radiographic study was to assess the growth modulating impact of year-long, distraction-based VEPTR treatment on the morphology of single vertebral bodies. We digitally measured lumbar vertebral body height (VBH) and upper endplate depth (VBD) at the time of the index procedure and at follow-up in nine @entity1 with rib-to-ileum constructs (G1) spanning an anatomically normal lumbar spine. Nine @entity1 with @entity1514 and VEPTR rib-to-rib constructs, but uninstrumented lumbar spines, served as controls (G2). All had undergone more than eight half-yearly VEPTR expansions. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical comparison of initial and follow-up VBH, VBD and height/depth ( @entity8108 /D) ratio (significance level 0.05). RESULTS: The average age was 7.1  years (G1) and 5.2  year (G2, p  >  0.05) at initial surgery; the average overall follow-up time was 5.5  years (p  =  1). In both groups, VBH increased significantly without a significant intergroup difference. Group 1 did not show significant growth in depth, whereas VBD increased significantly in the control group. As a consequence, the @entity8108 /D ratio increased significantly in group 1 whereas it remained unchanged in group 2. The growth rate for height in mm/year was 1.4 (group 1) and 1.1 (group 2, p  =  0.45), and for depth, it was -0.3 and 1.1 (p  <  0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: VEPTR growth modulating treatment alters the geometry of vertebral bodies by increasing the @entity8108 /D ratio. We hypothesize that the implant-related deprivation from axial loads (stress-shielding) impairs anteroposterior growth. The biomechanical consequence of such slender vertebrae when exposed to unprotected loads in case of definitive VEPTR removal at the end of growth is uncertain.

title: Metamorphosis of XXXX lumbar vertebrae induced by VEPTR growth modulation and stress shielding.

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['congenital thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dual antiplatelet therapy is standard treatment following @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and stenting. However, such therapy increases the risk of @entity360 ( @entity360 ). The risk factors of @entity360 are well-documented and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment reduces the risk. The aim was to describe the prevalence of risk factors of @entity360 in dual antiplatelet-treated @entity1 . METHODS: A questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of risk factors of @entity360 among dual antiplatelet-treated first-time @entity301 @entity1 in Western Denmark. The following characteristics were considered risk factors: increasing age (age 60-69 years and >=  70 years); @entity2210 ; previous peptic @entity1066 ; use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (weekly or daily), corticosteroids, selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and anticoagulants. RESULTS: A total of 1,358 @entity1 with a mean age of 64.1 years (range: 33-92 years) were included. The distribution of risk factors was as follows: @entity2210 : 681 @entity1 (50.1%); previous @entity1066 : 110 (8.1%; 2.3% with @entity548 ); use of NSAIDs: 214 (15.8%); @entity288 (2.9%), SSRIs (5.8%) and anticoagulants (6.3%). Defined high-risk @entity1 : 886 (65.2%). PPI treatment prior to @entity301 was found in 248 (18.3%), of whom 86% were at high risk of @entity360 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of risk factors among @entity301 @entity1 treated with dual antiplatelet therapy, many of whom were not in PPI treatment. FUNDING: not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: CT01447498.

title: High prevalence of @entity1066 @entity548 risk factors in dual antiplatelet-treated @entity1 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['PCI', 'percutaneous coronary intervention']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['UGIB', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['percutaneous coronary intervention']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The proliferation marker @entity1758 , which recognizes the Ki-67 antigen, provides independent prognostic information in several @entity5 types. Its utility in @entity320 has been evaluated mostly in studies of thick @entity5 . Its usefulness in thinner lesions has not been assessed adequately. METHODS: A well characterized cohort of 137 @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity320 at the New York University School of Medicine between 1972 and 1982 was studied based on the availability of representative tissues and adequate clinical follow-up. Twenty-one @entity5 were less than or equal to 1.0 mm thick, 94 were between 1.01 and 4.0 mm thick, and 22 were thicker than 4.0 mm. Tumor cell proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody @entity1758 . @entity1758 expression was correlated with baseline clinicopathologic parameters, as well as recurrence (RR), disease-free (DFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates. Median follow-up among survivors was 6.5 years (range, 5.6-17.5). RESULTS: High proliferative index, defined as 20% or more of @entity5 cells showing nuclear immunoreactivity, was observed in 65 of 137 (47.4%) cases. High proliferative index was significantly correlated with @entity5 (P = 0.03). Trends approaching statistical significance were observed with ulceration of the @entity5 (P = 0.09), male gender (P = 0.06), and shorter DFS (P = 0.12). No significant associations were seen between high proliferative index and RR or @entity1349 . In multivariate analyses, @entity5 thickness was the strongest predictor of clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In primary @entity320 , a high proliferative index is associated with clinicopathologic parameters predictive of worse clinical outcomes. However, it was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome.

title: Evaluation of the proliferation marker XXXX in the prognosis of @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'increased tumor thickness (P < 0.001) and higher stage', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1758 :: (57534,Gene) :: ['MIB-1']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine treatment characteristics and clinical outcome for @entity1 with @entity9 after abdominoperineal excision (APE). METHOD: A systematic search of the literature revealed 40 individually documented @entity1 , published between 1944 and 2010. Three additional @entity1 treated at our centre were added. @entity1 characteristics, type of repair and outcome were entered into a database and a pooled analysis of these 43 @entity1 was performed. RESULTS: The pooled analysis revealed a median time interval of 8 months between APE and surgical repair of @entity9 . The surgical approaches were perineal in 22 @entity1 , open abdominal in 11, open abdominoperineal in three, laparoscopic in five and laparoscopic-perineal in two @entity1 . A primary recurrence was documented in 13 @entity1 and a second recurrence in three. The recurrence rate was 5/25 for synthetic or biological mesh, 6/12 for primary closure and 2/6 for the remaining techniques. Recurrent @entity9 was repaired using a synthetic or biological mesh (n = 6), primary closure (n = 5) or a muscle flap (gluteus or gracilis; n = 4). CONCLUSION: From these limited and biased data based on published case descriptions, it appears that the recurrence rate of primary @entity9 repair after APE is lower with the use of a mesh or other assisted closure than with primary suture repair.

title: XXXX repair after abdominoperineal resection: a pooled analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['perineal hernia']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Perineal hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of scapular mobilization on function, @entity158 , range of motion and satisfaction in @entity1 with @entity5818 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo- clinical trial. SETTING: University hospital clinics in @entity233 . @entity1 : 66 @entity1 (mean age=     SD=52.06    3.71 years) with @entity5818 enrolled to this study. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 randomized into three groups, which include scapular mobilization, sham scapular mobilization and supervised exercise. Before the interventions transcutaneous electrical stimulation and hot pack were applied to all groups. Total intervention duration for all groups was three weeks with a total of nine treatment sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Shoulder function and @entity158 intensity were primary outcome measures; range of motion and @entity1 satisfaction were secondary outcome measures. Shoulder function was assessed with short form of the disability of arm shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH). Visual analog scale was used for evaluating @entity158 severity. Active range of motion was measured with universal goniometer. 7-point likert scale was used to evaluate satisfaction. Outcome measurements were performed at baseline, prior to 5th visit, 10th visit, 4 weeks after 9th visit, and 8 weeks after 9th visit. RESULTS: Our results showed that there was no group difference for DASH score (p=. 75), @entity158 at rest (p=. 41), @entity158 with activity (p=. 45), @entity158 at night (p=. 74) and shoulder flexion (p=. 65), external rotation (p=. 63), internal rotation (p=. 19). There was a significant increase in shoulder motions and function, a significant decrease in @entity158 across time when all groups were combined (p=<. 001). The level of satisfaction was not significantly different for any of the questions about @entity1 satisfaction between all groups (p >.05). CONCLUSION: There was not a significant advantage of scapular mobilization for shoulder function, @entity158 , range of motion and satisfaction compared with sham or supervised exercise groups in @entity1 with @entity5818 .

title: The Effects of Scapular Mobilization in @entity1 With XXXX : Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['Subacromial Impingement Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Is regaining a job sufficient to reverse the harmful impacts on health of job loss during the Great Recession? We tested whether unemployed @entity1 who found work within 1 year of job loss experienced a full recovery of their health. Additionally, we tested the mediating @entity6475 . METHODS: Linear regression models were used to assess the effects of job loss and recovery on self-rated health using the longitudinal EU-SILC, covering individuals from 27 European countries. We constructed a baseline of employed @entity1 (n = 70 611) in year 2007. We evaluated income and financial strain as potential mediating factors. RESULTS: Job loss was associated with worse self-rated health in both @entity1 (b = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.09-0.15) and @entity1 (b = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.10-0.16). Financial strain explains about one-third of the association between job loss and health, but income did not mediate this relation. @entity1 who regained employment within 1 year after job loss were found to be similarly healthy to those who did not lose jobs. In contrast, @entity1 whose employment recovered had an enduring health disadvantage compared with those who had not lost jobs (b = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.05-0.16). Unemployment cash benefits mitigated financial strain but were too low to substantially reduce perceived financial strain among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and @entity1 's health appears to suffer equally from job loss but differs in recovery. For @entity1 , employment recovery was insufficient to alleviate financial strain and associated health consequences, whereas in @entity1 regaining employment leads to health recovery.

title: The impacts of job loss and job recovery on self-rated health: testing the mediating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Men', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['role of financial strain and household income']

answer: @entity6475 :: (MESH:D013180,Disease) :: ['role of financial strain and income']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The treatment of large @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) presents a challenge and the effectiveness of radiosurgery decreases with increasing treatment volume. Here, we analyzed and compared single-session treatment for @entity2758 >15 cm3 with staged treatment, when the volume of a large AVM was divided into 2 or more compartments, which were subsequently treated at intervals of a few months. In the event that complete obliteration was not achieved within 3 years, repeat radiosurgery was considered. METHODS/RESULTS: Between 1993 and 2011, gamma-knife radiosurgery was performed on 50 @entity1 with large @entity2758 . A total of 27 of them, with volumes ranging from 15.1 to 27 cm3 (median = 17.8), were treated in a single session, with a marginal dose ranging from 10 to 17 Gy (median = 15). Complete obliteration was achieved in 7 (26%) of these; in 14 @entity1 the treatment was repeated after a median of 38 months. The volume of @entity2758 subjected to repeat treatment regressed and ranged from 6.76 to 16.4 cm3 (median = 7.7), with the marginal dose ranging from 13 to 18 Gy (median = 17); 10 @entity1 later achieved complete obliteration at a median of 79 months after the initial treatment. Overall, 63% of @entity1 achieved complete obliteration of AVM after treatment. Rebleeding in a latent period was recorded in 3 @entity1 (11%) and symptomatic @entity4 in 2 (7%); 23 @entity1 were treated using the staged method, with the interval between staged treatments usually being 6 months. Their overall AVM volume ranged from 13.2 to 46.6 cm3 (median = 23.3), the volume for a single stage ranged from 4.5 to 31.3 cm3 (median 11.7), and the marginal dose ranged from 10 to 18 Gy (median = 17). Complete obliteration was achieved in 4 (17%) of them, in 8 @entity1 the treatment was repeated at a median of 53 months after the first treatment, and a third retreatment was performed on 2 @entity1 98 and 102 months, respectively, after the first treatment. The volume for repeated treatment of @entity2758 ranged from 0.81 to 7.7 cm3 (median = 3.3), with the marginal dose ranging from 14 to 20 Gy (median 17.5). Of all the retreated @entity1 , 5 @entity2758 subsequently achieved complete obliteration. Overall, 9 @entity1 (39%) were totally cured. Rebleeding in a latent period was observed in 1 of these @entity1 (4.3%) and symptomatic @entity4 in another 1 (4.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Radiosurgery of large @entity2758 is a valuable treatment either as a single-session or staged treatment, with a reasonable chance of cure and a low risk of complications.

title: Radiosurgery for Large XXXX as a Single-Session or Staged Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'collateral edema']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['Arteriovenous Malformations']


abstract: OBJECT: Management options for @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) have greatly expanded since the introduction of stereotactic radiosurgery. Optimal outcomes reflect long-term @entity5 control, preservation of @entity129 , and retention of quality of life. The authors review their 15-year experience. METHODS: Between 1987 and 2002, some 829 @entity1 with @entity5513 underwent gamma knife surgery (GKS). Dose selection, imaging, and dose planning techniques evolved between 1987 and 1992 but thereafter remained stable for 10 years. The average @entity5 volume was 2.5 cm3. The median margin dose to the @entity5 was 13 Gy (range 10-20 Gy). No @entity1 sustained significant perioperative morbidity. The average duration of hospital stay was less than 1 day. Unchanged hearing preservation was possible in 50 to 77% of @entity1 (up to 90% in those with @entity5 ). @entity16 risks were reduced to less than 1%. Trigeminal symptoms were detected in less than 3% of @entity1 whose @entity5 reached the level of the trigeminal nerve. Tumor control rates at 10 years were 97% (no additional treatment needed). CONCLUSIONS: Superior imaging, multiple isocenter volumetric conformal dose planning, and optimal precision and dose delivery contributed to the long-term success of GKS, including in those @entity1 in whom initial microsurgery had failed. Gamma knife surgery provides a low risk, minimally invasive treatment option for @entity1 with newly diagnosed or residual VS. Cranial nerve preservation and quality of life maintenance are possible in long-term follow up.

title: Radiosurgery of XXXX : summary of experience in 829 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VSs', 'vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracanalicular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Facial neuropathy']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 starts in the juxtamedullary cortex (JMC) and gradually extends towards the outer cortex (OC). The intention of the study was to examine if the increase of fibrous tissue in the JMC of the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) is dependent on an increase of collagen synthesis or a decreased collagen breakdown compared to the normotensive control (WKY). METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity8 was evaluated by light microscopy, and the amount of @entity82 was quantified using Sirius red staining. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA for: @entity25256 ( @entity25256 ), procollagen-n- and -c-proteinase, matrix metalloproteases, @entity11017 and @entity6929 , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases, @entity6930 and @entity11018 . Western blot was used to quantify the proteins of @entity11017 , @entity6929 , @entity6930 and @entity11018 . The relative activities of @entity11017 and @entity6929 were assayed by zymography. The JMC in SHR had an increased amount of collagen as measured by Sirius red, and a 15-fold increase in the mRNA for @entity25256 . The gene expression of @entity50154 was unchanged while procollagen-n-proteinase was increased in SHR and had the highest expression in the JMC. The mRNA for @entity11017 and @entity6929 showed increased expression in SHR, but not specifically in the JMC. Protein analysis showed increased expression for @entity11017 in SHR and in the JMC. @entity6929 protein was lower in SHR. @entity6930 was increased in SHR at both mRNA and protein level and more so in the JMC. The mRNA and protein analysis of @entity11018 showed small differences between SHR and WKY. CONCLUSION: An imbalance of collagen metabolism featuring increased synthesis and inhibition of breakdown favours @entity8 in SHR.

title: Upregulation of @entity6930 ( XXXX ) and procollagen-N-peptidase in @entity101 -induced @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive renal damage', 'renal interstitial fibrosis', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity6930 :: (116510(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TIMP-1']


abstract: In industrialized countries an increased number of diseases due to @entity1200 including connected with @entity566 is noted. @entity56 generally proceed against the background of various common inflammatory diseases arising in childhood. The role of intestine microflora in its interaction with immune system and defining factors in allergization of @entity1 are actively studied. A decrease of risk of @entity566 development later in life for @entity1 who had grown up in the countryside was shown to be possibly related with microorganisms present in food. Thus the positive potential of farms is currently examined as a result of innate immunity activation by using microbial components. Acinetobacter lwoffii F78 isolated from cowsheds is able to protect @entity19 from experimental @entity566 by activating @entity630 -polarization program of dendritic cells. Moreover, an important role in pathogenesis of @entity56 belongs to mast cells. Probiotic lactobacilli may weaken activation of mast cells and release of @entity32 mediators connected with @entity56 . The ability of intestine microflora to influence immune response resulted in novel approaches in therapy that use these differences in microbiota for therapy and prophylaxis in @entity566 @entity1 . And therefore on the basis of "hygiene hypothesis" of @entity566 emergence, a consideration is expressed that early manipulation with intestinal microbial communities may offer a new strategy of allergic sensibilization prevention.

title: [Intestine microbiota and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune system disorders']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic reactions', 'Allergic diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 , caused by @entity2530 of the vertebral body, is a cause of @entity891 . In @entity195 , intravertebral instability from non-union between the cement and bone after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) can cause persistent severe @entity158 and dysfunction. A 75-year-old @entity1 presented with severe @entity158 in the lower back, both buttocks, groin, and both posterior thighs for a period of 30 days. Lumbar radiographs and magnetic resonance images showed an acute compression @entity174 of the first lumbar vertebra with an intravertebral cleft filled with fluid. The @entity1 underwent PVP for the L1 compression @entity174 ; however, this failed to provide sufficient @entity158 relief. The @entity1 was re-evaluated with dynamic radiography, and intravertebral instability and bone cement displacement of the L1 vertebra were detected. Repeat PVP was performed. After the procedure, intravertebral instability was restored and her @entity158 completely subsided. PVP is a good treatment choice for symptomatic @entity195 . However, there is no consensus on the best technique of injecting bone cement to achieve optimal results. It is important to inject more bone cement than the volume of the intravertebral cleft to prevent instability caused by non-union in PVP for @entity195 . We report a case of failed PVP because of insufficient correction of intravertebral instability in Kummell's, along with a review of the literature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Failed percutaneous vertebroplasty due to insufficient correction of intravertebral instability in XXXX : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Kummell's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Kummell's disease']


abstract: To evaluate the sealing potential of self-designed root canal filling material made of @entity78 cement (alpha-TCP/TTCP, CPC), the apices of root canals of six adult @entity235 were purposely perforated and enlarged up to the No 40 instrument. Then CPC was used to fill the root canal. Mean while either @entity6086 ( @entity15383 ) paste or @entity692 (HA) paste was used as control. The animals were killed at 4, 12, 20 weeks postoperatively. The different materials about ways of apical closure, restoration periapocal tissues and adaptability to the dentinal surface were observed by histomorphology and scanning electron microscopic. This study revealed that CPC had excellent biocompatibility and adaptability to the dentinal wall. Its osteoconduction can promote the formation of calcific barriers and healing of periapical tissue. The apex can be closed completely. Compared with the control pastes it has advantages of ease of manipulation and better sealing capability. The results showed that CPC could be used as a root canal filling material for pupless teeth with open apex and destructive periapical tissue.

title: [Study on the sealing capability of a XXXX root canal filling material].

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review presents a concise update on clinical donation after @entity204 ( @entity13074 or DDCD) lung transplantation. Lung allografts have predominantly been procured from donors after determination of @entity16 but will not meet the existing demand. A steadily increasing need for lungs is evident worldwide, especially in an era of improved outcomes for recipients. Other solid organ utilization from donors after determination of @entity204 has markedly increased internationally, but the utilization rate of lungs from such donors is still considerably less. The multifaceted reasons for this discrepancy are considered, and the recent evidence available supporting @entity13074 for lung transplantation in clinical practice is presented in context. The recent experimental research studies are not within the remit of this appraisal. RECENT FINDINGS: The more recent and markedly increased lung recipient cohorts showed very satisfactory survival outcomes for @entity13074 transplantation in several programs. The overall utilization rate, however, remains low. The background and the rationale of lung donor allograft expansion to proactively include @entity13074 allografts from controlled (Maastricht category III donors) is re-emphasized in this review. The feasibility of other @entity13074 categories for lung transplantation is considered. This is particularly prudent with the advent of the ex-vivo lung perfusion modality in pulmonary procurement. SUMMARY: Despite evidence for adequate survival outcomes and reported favorable primary graft dysfunction rates, @entity13074 lung transplantation remains underutilized in most countries. Waiting times could be notably reduced and mortality of lung candidates arguably decreased by a more decided and appropriate implementation of proven @entity13074 lung transplant strategies.

title: Donation after XXXX for lung transplantation: a review of current clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic death']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no effective orally administered medication for any @entity281 . We investigated @entity14219 , which can be taken orally, for the treatment of @entity234 . @entity14219 is a @entity2945 analogue that affects cell-signaling pathways and membrane synthesis. METHODS: The study was an open-label, multicenter, phase 2 trial in which four 30- @entity1 cohorts received 50, 100, or 150 mg of @entity14219 per day for four or six weeks. The 120 @entity1 , who ranged in age from 12 to 50 years, had @entity448 , @entity221 , and @entity381 with at least moderate (2+) leishmania in a splenic aspirate. A parasitologic cure was defined by the absence of parasites in a splenic aspirate obtained two weeks after completion of treatment. The clinical response was assessed at six months. RESULTS: In all 120 @entity1 there was an initial parasitologic cure. Six @entity1 had clinical and parasitologic relapses; the remaining 114 @entity1 had not relapsed by six months after treatment, for a cure rate of 95 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 89 to 98 percent). With the regimen of 100 mg of @entity14219 per day (approximately 2.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) for four weeks, 29 of 30 @entity1 (97 percent) were cured. Gastrointestinal side effects were frequent (occurring in 62 percent of @entity1 ) but mild to moderate in severity, and no @entity1 discontinued therapy because of gastrointestinal side effects. In two @entity1 , treatment was discontinued because of elevated levels of @entity492 aminotransferase or @entity1011 ; in both @entity1 the levels rapidly returned to normal. In 12 other @entity1 , the level of @entity492 aminotransferase increased to 100 to 150 U per liter during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Orally administered @entity14219 appears to be an effective treatment for @entity234 .

title: @entity14219 , an oral agent, for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['Miltefosine', 'miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['Indian visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['leishmania infection']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['Indian visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: @entity14052 ( @entity14052 ) is characterized by the recurrence of a cluster of physical and negative mood symptoms, especially @entity146 , appearing when @entity172 and @entity1420 levels decrease during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The aim of the present study was to explore a new potential model of @entity146 . It has been suggested that burying of harmless objects by rodents may reflect a form of impulsive or @entity148 -like behavior. This study demonstrates changes in burying behavior during various phases of the estrous cycle in some but not all female @entity35 . Burying behavior was found to be enhanced at metestrus and decreased at proestrus, characterized by low and high ovarian hormone levels, respectively. No habituation of the cycle-dependent burying was observed. Enhanced burying was not observed in reproductive senescent and ovariectomized females characterized by stable, low levels of ovarian hormones. Increased marble burying at metestrus was reversed by acute treatment with antidepressants @entity905 , @entity5829 , @entity7831 , the @entity1245 agonist @entity3175 , and @entity1420 , while the neuroleptic @entity2644 was without effect. Reversal of cycle-dependent burying was unrelated to the drugs' effects on locomotor activity. These results indicate that estrous cycle-dependent marble-burying behavior displayed by a subgroup of female @entity35 might be a manifestation of ovarian hormone-dependent @entity146 . This manifestation may be used to elucidate the neuroendocrine mechanisms triggering @entity146 , and the detailed mode of action of antidepressants when used for @entity14052 .

title: Attenuation of estrous cycle-dependent marble burying in female XXXX by acute treatment with @entity1420 and antidepressants.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity7831 :: ('MESH:D009627', 'Chemical') :: ['nomifensine']

entities_list: @entity14052 :: ('MESH:D065446', 'Disease') :: ['Premenstrual dysphoric disorder', 'PMDD']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual irritability', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity936 is prevalent in post-menopausal @entity1 , and post-menopausal @entity1 secrete less mucus in their reproductive tracts. Using a @entity19 model, the purpose of this study was to determine if @entity172 and/or @entity1420 regulates @entity12114 and @entity30927 gene expression in the ocular surface epithelia, as the hormones do in reproductive tract epithelia. METHODS: Adult C57BL/6 @entity19 were ovariectomized, and 19 days later, pellets containing @entity172 , @entity1420 , or a combination were inserted subcutaneously. Ocular surface and reproductive tract tissues were harvested following seven days of hormone treatment. A control group consisted of ovariectomized @entity19 that received no hormone treatment. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the tissue expression levels of mucin mRNA of each treatment group relative to the control. @entity12114 mRNA expression levels were determined for the reproductive tract, and both @entity12114 and @entity30927 expression levels were determined for the ocular surface epithelia. @entity12114 and @entity30927 gene expression in ocular surface and @entity12114 in reproductive tract epithelia was demonstrated by In Situ hybridization, and @entity12114 and @entity30927 protein was demonstrated in the epithelia of animals in the experimental groups. RESULTS: The mRNA expression levels of @entity12114 and @entity30927 and the immunofluorescence localization pattern in the ocular surface epithelia were not significantly different in any hormone treatment group when compared to the control ovariectomized group. By comparison, @entity19 that were administered @entity172 had a significant increase of @entity12114 mRNA in the reproductive tract epithelia, @entity1420 given in combination with @entity172 antagonized the upregulatory effects of @entity172 in the reproductive tract, and the amount of @entity12114 mRNA in the reproductive tract of @entity1420 -treated animals was not different from ovariectomized controls. Immunofluorescence localization of @entity12114 in the reproductive tract epithelia of the experimental groups correlated to message levels, with lack of @entity12114 protein detected in the control and @entity1420 groups. CONCLUSION: In comparison to reproductive tract epithelia, @entity12114 and @entity30927 are not hormonally regulated by @entity172 or @entity1420 in the ocular surface epithelia of @entity19 . These data demonstrate that regulation of epithelial mucin genes is tissue specific.

title: Mucin gene expression is not regulated by @entity172 and/or XXXX in the ocular surface epithelia of @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['Dry eye syndrome']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop and validate an objective and reproducible left ventricle (LV) segmentation method for late @entity2287 enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can facilitate accurate @entity296 assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 25 @entity63 @entity1 and 25 nonischemic @entity1 were included. A four-step algorithm was proposed: first, the Cine-MRI and LGE-MRI volume were globally registered; second, the registered Cine-MRI contours were fitted to each LGE-MRI slice via the constructed contour image; third, the fitting was optimized in full LGE-MRI stack; finally, the contours were refined by taking into account @entity1 -specific scar patterns. The automated LV segmentation results were compared with that of manual segmentation from two experienced observers. RESULTS: The accuracy of automated segmentation, expressed as the average contour distances to manual segmentation, was 0.82        0.19 pixels, in the same order as interobserver difference between manual results (0.90        0.26 pixels), but with lower variability (0.60        0.37 pixels, P < 0.05). The @entity296 identification based on automated LV segmentation further demonstrated higher consistency than that of manual segmentation (Pearson correlation 0.97 vs. 0.84). CONCLUSION: An automated LV segmentation method for LGE-MRI was developed, providing high segmentation accuracy and lower interobserver variability compared to fully manual image analysis. The method facilitates objective assessment of @entity296 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:390-399.

title: Automated left ventricle segmentation in late @entity2287 -enhanced MRI for objective XXXX assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scar']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial scar']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether severity of @entity2905 is dependent on radiation dose and fractional volume of spleen irradiated unintentionally during definitive chemoradiation (CRT) in @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ). METHODS: 177 @entity1 with @entity788 received induction chemotherapy (mainly @entity136 -based regimens) followed by CRT (median 50.4  Gy with concurrent @entity416 ) from January 2006 to December 2012. @entity6660 ( @entity6660 ) was recorded at baseline, before CRT, and 2 to 10  weeks after CRT. Splenic dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters were reported as @entity4558 ( @entity4558 ) and percentage of splenic volume receiving at least 5- (V5), 10- (V10), 15- ( @entity6500 ), and 20-Gy (V20) dose. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was analyzed with use of the Cox model, and development of post-CRT severe @entity2905 ( @entity6660 <0.5  K/UL) was assessed by multivariate logistic regression with use of baseline and treatment factors. RESULTS: The median post-CRT @entity6660 (0.68  K/UL; range, 0.13-2.72) was significantly lower than both baseline @entity6660 (1.42  K/UL; range, 0.34-3.97; P<.0001) and pre-CRT @entity6660 (1.32  K/UL, range 0.36-4.82; P<.0001). Post-CRT @entity6660 <0.5  K/UL was associated with inferior @entity1349 on univariate analysis (median, 11.1 vs 15.3  months; P=.01) and multivariate analysis (hazard ratio  =  1.66, P=.01). @entity4558 (9.8 vs 6  Gy, P=.03), median V10 (32.6 vs 16%, P=.04), @entity6500 (23.2 vs 9.5%, P=.03), and V20 (15.4 vs 4.6%, P=.02) were significantly higher in @entity1 with severe @entity2905 than in those without. On multivariate analysis, postinduction @entity2905 (P<.001; odds ratio [OR]  =  5.25) and @entity4558 (P=.002; OR= 3.42) were independent predictors for the development of severe post-CRT @entity2905 . CONCLUSION: Severe post-CRT @entity2905 is an independent predictor of poor @entity1349 in @entity788 @entity1 receiving CRT. Higher splenic doses increase the risk for the development of severe post-CRT @entity2905 . When clinically indicated, assessment of splenic DVHs before the acceptance of treatment plans may minimize the risk of severe post-CRT @entity2905 .

title: Does Unintentional Splenic Radiation Predict Outcomes After XXXX Radiation Therapy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['locally advanced pancreatic cancer', 'LAPC']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['mean splenic dose', 'MSD']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['ALC', 'Absolute lymphocyte count']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With recent delays in @entity683 vaccine availability, practitioners have been encouraged to time vaccination activities to promote vaccination of high-priority groups first. This cross-sectional survey of @entity1 vaccinated in nontraditional settings (NTS) by mass vaccinators was conducted to assess how effectively the mass vaccinators were able to implement these vaccination-timing guidelines. METHODS: In Minnesota, the Minnesota Visiting Nurse Agency (MVNA) is a major mass vaccinator in NTS. For the 2001-2002 vaccination season, MVNA developed several strategies designed to facilitate adherence to vaccination timing guidelines adopted by the Minnesota Department of Health. All @entity1 vaccinated in the MVNA NTS clinics from October 2001 through December 2001 were surveyed in order to evaluate whether they were in a high-priority group and whether the timing of their vaccinations coincided with the timing promoted in the guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 46,174 of the 145,947 @entity1 vaccinated by the MVNA were vaccinated between October 14 and October 28, 2001, the time period designated for vaccination of high-priority groups. Of these, 41,143 (89%) responded to the priority group question and 27,211 (66%) indicated that they were in one of the targeted groups, including more than 19,000 Medicare recipients. At sites targeting senior citizens, more than 92% of initial vaccine recipients were in a targeted group. Overall, 48.4% of @entity1 vaccinated at any time during the vaccination season were in a high-priority group. CONCLUSIONS: Mass vaccinators can successfully implement @entity683 vaccination timing guidelines in NTS.

title: Adherence of mass vaccinators to timing guidelines for XXXX vaccination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Transient @entity75 of the corpus callosum have been mainly reported in @entity302 @entity1 . We report the case of a non- @entity302 @entity1 with @entity162 treated by @entity2051 which was withdrawn because of a mild @entity2753 (128 mmol/l). A confusional state followed withdrawal and the electroencephalogram was free of spike or sharp waves. Brain MRI showed a single splenial lesion of the corpus callosum revealed by a high intensity T2 signal on FLAIR and diffusion sequences. Because of a major @entity308 , twelve sessions of electroconvulsive therapy were performed and yielded clinical improvement. A second brain MRI performed 5 weeks later was normal. The relevances of this cases are the non- @entity302 status of the @entity1 , the drug incriminated ( @entity2051 ), and the normalisation of brain MRI despite electroconvulsive therapy. Different mechanisms of this @entity75 are discussed including the sudden withdraw of @entity2051 . Prognosis of transient @entity75 of the corpus callosum is good. Clinicians should search for recent @entity209 and therapeutic modifications.

title: [Transient high-intensity T2 signal in the splenium of the corpus callosum in a non- @entity302 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain MRI abnormality', 'splenial lesions']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Importance. @entity5 infrequently results in distant metastases, but @entity3 to skeletal muscle is extremely uncommon. Observations. A 55-year-old male presenting with progressive @entity1353 and hoarseness was found to have Stage IVA T4aN2cM0 @entity5 and eventually underwent total laryngectomy. Before the @entity1 could be started on adjuvant chemoradiation, the @entity1 developed masses on both thighs. Biopsy revealed @entity957 consistent with the primary @entity5 . He was offered palliative chemotherapy; however, he developed new soft tissue masses to the left of his stoma and in the prevertebral area one week later. He also had new cervical and supraclavicular nodes and a pathological compression fracture of L3. @entity1 died within 4 months of diagnosis. Conclusions. Distant @entity3 such as skeletal @entity3 portends a poor prognosis. Further studies are required to determine the best course of treatment in these @entity1 .

title: Metastasis of XXXX to bilateral thigh muscles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'Laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Histological @entity3621 is associated with @entity356 , but its diagnosis requires biopsy. Many classifications of endoscopic @entity3621 are available, but not all are useful for risk stratification of @entity356 . The Kyoto Classification of @entity3621 was proposed at the 85th Congress of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. This cross-sectional study evaluated the usefulness of the Kyoto Classification of @entity3621 for risk stratification of @entity356 . METHODS: From August 2013 to September 2014, esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed and the gastric findings evaluated according to the Kyoto Classification of @entity3621 in a total of 4062 @entity1 . The following five endoscopic findings were selected based on previous reports: @entity194 , @entity1944 , enlarged folds, nodularity, and diffuse redness. RESULTS: A total of 3392 @entity1 (1746 (51 %) males and 1646 (49 %) females) were analysed. Among them, 107 @entity356 were diagnosed. @entity194 was found in 2585 (78 %) and @entity1944 in 924 (27 %). Enlarged folds, nodularity, and diffuse redness were found in 197 (5.8 %), 22 (0.6 %), and 573 (17 %), respectively. In univariate analyses, the severity of @entity194 , @entity1944 , diffuse redness, age, and male sex were associated with @entity356 . In a multivariate analysis, @entity194 and male sex were found to be independent risk factors. Younger age and severe @entity194 were determined to be associated with @entity356 . CONCLUSION: Endoscopic detection of @entity194 was associated with the risk of @entity356 . Thus, @entity1 with severe @entity194 should be examined carefully and may require intensive follow-up.

title: Association between XXXX and the Kyoto Classification of @entity3621 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'Atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis', 'Gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'diffuse-type gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The maternal vitamin status, especially of @entity1501 , is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity601 ( @entity601 ). Maternal @entity1501 administration can prevent these @entity600 . The precise metabolic mechanism of the beneficial effect of @entity1501 is unclear. In this study we focus on @entity1255 accumulation, which may derive from abnormalities of metabolism of @entity1501 , @entity2186 , and @entity2245 . We studied nonpregnant @entity1 , 41 of whom had given birth to @entity1 with @entity601 and 50 control @entity1 who previously had normal offspring. The determinations included the plasma total @entity1255 both in the fasting state and 6 hours after the ingestion of a @entity1853 load. In addition, we measured the fasting blood levels of @entity1501 , @entity2186 , and @entity2245 . The mean values for both basal @entity1255 and @entity1255 following a @entity1853 load were significantly increased in the group of @entity1 who previously had @entity1 with @entity601 . In nine of these subjects and two controls, the values after @entity1853 ingestion exceeded the mean control by more than 2 standard deviations. @entity3959 synthase levels in skin fibroblasts derived from these @entity1853 -intolerant @entity1 were within the normal range. Our findings suggest a disorder in the remethylation of @entity1255 to @entity1853 due to an acquired (ie, nutritional) or inherited derangement of @entity1501 or @entity2186 metabolism. Increased @entity1255 levels can be normalized by administration of @entity2245 or @entity1501 . Therefore, we suggest that the prevention of @entity601 by periconceptional @entity1501 administration may effectively correct a mild to moderate @entity3562 .

title: @entity3562 : a risk factor for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3959 :: ('MESH:D003540', 'Chemical') :: ['Cystathionine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural-tube defects']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['neural-tube defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The prognosis of @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is poor and the pathogenesis of @entity788 -associated @entity6 is unknown. We investigated the possible expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in @entity1 @entity3123 and adjacent pancreatic islets to gain a better understanding of these diseases. METHODS: We employed immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization to examine IgG expression in @entity788 tissues and adjacent islets with and without @entity5 -associated @entity6 . The IgG mRNA and IgG synthesizing-related enzymes were examined in @entity788 cell lines. The IgG expression and secretion were downregulated with specific small interfering RNA and antibody to IgG followed by flow cytometry to assess its effect on apoptosis of cultured @entity788 cells. RESULTS: The expression of IgG was detected in @entity3123 and adjacent islets. Small interfering RNA and antibody treatments induced apoptosis in @entity788 cell lines. In the @entity189 tissue, the levels of IgG expression varied depending on the stages of the @entity5 with more @entity5 expressing more IgG (P < 0.05). The IgG levels in @entity5 cells were also increased when the @entity1 had @entity6 or @entity4854 (P < 0.05). In addition, the extent of IgG expression in the seemingly normal islet cells adjacent to the @entity5 varied in relation to the grade of @entity5 differentiation and distance to the @entity5 nests. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Immunoglobulin G was locally produced by @entity788 cells and adjacent islet cells. (2) Immunoglobulin G may promote @entity5 growth by inhibiting @entity5 cell apoptosis. (3) Locally produced IgG might play a role in @entity788 -associated @entity6 .

title: Pancreatic Expression of Immunoglobulin G in XXXX @entity788 and Associated @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignant cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Analysis of combat @entity204 provides invaluable epidemiologic and quality-improvement data for @entity130 centers and is particularly important under rapidly evolving battlefield conditions. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evolution of injury patterns, early care, and resuscitation among @entity1 who subsequently died in the hospital, before and after implementation of damage control resuscitation (DCR) policies. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : In a review of the Joint Theater Trauma Registry (2002-2011) of US forward combat hospitals, cohorts of @entity1 with vital signs at presentation and subsequent in-hospital @entity204 were grouped into 2 time periods: pre-DCR (before 2006) and DCR (2006-2011). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Injury types and Injury Severity Scores (ISSs), timing and location of @entity204 , and initial (24-hour) and total volume of blood products and fluid administered. RESULTS: Of 57,179 soldiers admitted to a forward combat hospital, 2565 (4.5%) subsequently died in the hospital. The majority of @entity1 (74%) were severely injured (ISS   >   15), and 80% died within 24 hours of admission. Damage control resuscitation policies were widely implemented by 2006 and resulted in a decrease in mean 24-hour crystalloid infusion volume (6.1-3.2 L) and increased fresh frozen plasma use (3.2-10.1 U) (both P   <   .05) in this population. The mean packed red blood cells to fresh frozen plasma ratio changed from 2.6:1 during the pre-DCR period to 1.4:1 during the DCR period (P   <   .01). There was a significant increase in mean ISS between cohorts (pre-DCR ISS   =   23 vs DCR ISS   =   27; P   <   .05) and a marked shift in injury patterns favoring more severe @entity542 in the DCR cohort. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There has been a significant shift in resuscitation practices in forward combat hospitals indicating widespread military adoption of DCR. @entity1 who died in a hospital during the DCR period were more likely to be severely injured and have a severe @entity1545 , consistent with a decrease in @entity204 among potentially salvageable @entity1 .

title: Changing patterns of in-hospital XXXX following implementation of damage control resuscitation practices in US forward military treatment facilities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']