abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the prognostic relevance of lymph node density (LND) and identify its optimal cut-points in a large international multicenter series of @entity1 treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for invasive @entity150 . METHODS: From 1993 to 2005, 4,430 @entity150 @entity1 who underwent RC without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were reviewed; of these, 1,038 were pN+M0 disease and form the basis of this report. RESULTS: Median age of @entity1 was 67 years with median follow-up in survivors of 33 months. Overall, 5-year @entity13419 estimate was 36%. Median number of lymph nodes removed was 18 (IQR, 11-32), median number of positive lymph nodes was 2 (IQR, 1-5), and median LND was 14.3% (IQR, 6.67-33.3%). LND as continuous variable was a stronger prognostic factor for @entity13419 in @entity1 that underwent a more extensive PLND (P < 0.001). HR for inverse association of LND with @entity13419 increased incrementally with increasing LND cut-points. Categorizing LND into quintiles revealed strong tertiary distribution of risk based on LND <6%, 6%-41%, or >41% with cumulative 5-year @entity13419 of 47%, 36%, and 21%, respectively (P < 0.001). When @entity1 were stratified by adjuvant chemotherapy, LND remains independently prognostic in @entity1 who received adjuvant chemotherapy as well as those who did not. CONCLUSION: Lymph node density is prognostic in @entity150 @entity1 who undergo a more extensive PLND and remains prognostic even when adjuvant chemotherapy is used. Prognostic value of LND is best represented as a continuum of risk and LND <6% represents the best possible outcome in @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: Critical analysis and validation of lymph node density as prognostic variable in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma of bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of varying arterial input function (AIF) placement on the qualitative and quantitative CT perfusion parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of CT perfusion data was performed on 14 acute @entity64 @entity1 with a proximal @entity2500 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time ( @entity98 ) maps were constructed using a systematic method by varying only the AIF placement in four positions relative to the MCA clot including proximal and distal to the clot in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. Two postprocessing software programs were used to evaluate the effect of AIF placement on perfusion parameters using a delay-insensitive deconvolution method compared with a standard deconvolution method. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-eight CT perfusion maps were constructed for each software package. Both software programs generated a mean CBF at the @entity1188 core of < 12 mL/100 g/min and a mean CBV of < 2 mL/100 g for AIF placement proximal to the clot in the ipsilateral hemisphere and proximal and distal to the clot in the contralateral hemisphere. For AIF placement distal to the clot in the ipsilateral hemisphere, the mean CBF significantly increased to 17.3 mL/100 g/min with delay-insensitive software and to 19.4 mL/100 g/min with standard software (p < 0.05). The mean @entity98 was significantly decreased for this AIF position. Furthermore, this AIF position yielded qualitatively different parametric maps, being most pronounced with @entity98 and CBF. Overall, CBV was least affected by AIF location. CONCLUSION: For postprocessing of accurate quantitative CT perfusion maps, laterality of the AIF location is less important than avoiding AIF placement distal to the clot as detected on CT angiography. This pitfall is less severe with deconvolution-based software programs using a delay-insensitive technique than with those using a standard deconvolution method.

title: Arterial input function placement for accurate CT perfusion map construction in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) clot']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle vibration modifies @entity2146 in healthy subjects and reduces muscle tonus in @entity64 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether repeated muscle vibration (rMV) applied over the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and biceps brachii (BB) can induce long-lasting changes, using @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ), in @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: Thirty hemiparetic @entity1 who offered at least minimal wrist and elbow @entity2472 were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, which received rMV in addition to physiotherapy (rMV + PT), or a control group that underwent PT alone. The following parameters of the FCR, BB, and extensor digitorum communis (EDC) were measured through @entity9808 before, and 1 hour, 1 week, and 2 weeks after the end of intervention: resting motor threshold (RMT), map area, map volume, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Muscle tonus and motor function were assessed on the same day as @entity9808 . RESULTS: Pre-post analysis revealed a reduction in RMT and an increase in motor map areas occurred in the vibrated muscles only in the rMV + PT group, with an increase in map volumes of all muscles. Moreover, SICI increased in the flexors and decreased in the extensor. These neurophysiological changes lasted for at least 2 weeks after the end of rMV + PT and paralleled the reduction in @entity508 and increase in motor function. A significant correlation was found between the degree of @entity508 and the amount of intracortical inhibition. CONCLUSION: rMV with PT may be used as a nonpharmacological intervention in the neurorehabilitation of mild to moderate @entity1269 .

title: Long-term effects on cortical excitability and motor recovery induced by repeated muscle vibration in @entity64 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['corticomotor excitability']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['isometric voluntary contractions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel prognostic indicator for use in @entity1 with @entity5 that is significantly better than clinicians' estimates of survival. DESIGN: Prospective multicentre observational cohort study. SETTING: 18 palliative care services in the UK (including hospices, hospital support teams, and community teams). @entity1 : 1018 @entity1 with locally advanced or @entity5 , no longer being treated for @entity5 , and recently referred to palliative care services. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Performance of a composite model to predict whether @entity1 were likely to survive for "days" (0-13 days), "weeks" (14-55 days), or "months+" (>55 days), compared with actual survival and clinicians' predictions. RESULTS: On multivariate analysis, 11 core variables (pulse rate, general health status, mental test score, performance status, presence of @entity448 , presence of any site of metastatic disease, presence of liver @entity3 , @entity1851 , white blood count, platelet count, and @entity1133 ) independently predicted both two week and two month survival. Four variables had prognostic significance only for two week survival (dyspnoea, @entity1282 , bone @entity3 , and @entity3929 transaminase), and eight variables had prognostic significance only for two month survival (primary @entity0 , @entity3930 , tiredness, loss of weight, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin). Separate prognostic models were created for @entity1 without (PiPS-A) or with (PiPS-B) blood results. The area under the curve for all models varied between 0.79 and 0.86. Absolute agreement between actual survival and PiPS predictions was 57.3% (after correction for over-optimism). The median survival across the PiPS-A categories was 5, 33, and 92 days and survival across PiPS-B categories was 7, 32, and 100.5 days. All models performed as well as, or better than, clinicians' estimates of survival. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity5 no longer being treated, a combination of clinical and laboratory variables can reliably predict two week and two month survival.

title: Development of Prognosis in Palliative care Study (PiPS) predictor models to improve prognostication in XXXX : prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male genital cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated the association between the @entity4907 polymorphism in the @entity4908 gene and @entity2662 @entity281 as well as the development of @entity2662 -associated @entity602 /tropical @entity3500 ( @entity3498 / @entity3499 ). @entity2662 -infected @entity1 (26 @entity3498 / @entity3499 symptomatic and 53 asymptomatic) and 300 seronegative healthy controls were investigated. Plasma levels of the cytokines @entity310 , @entity4909 , @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity650 , and @entity379 from infected @entity1 were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HTLV proviral load was measured using a real-time PCR assay, and T-cell subset counts were determined by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was used to genotype the @entity4907 SNP. The allelic and genotypic distributions displayed no significant differences among the investigated groups. No significant association between the serum cytokine levels and the presence of the @entity4907 SNP in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects was observed. A positive correlation (p = 0.0015) between @entity4909 and @entity379 was observed in the asymptomatic group, but a positive correlation was only observed (p = 0.0180) between @entity310 and @entity650 in the @entity3498 / @entity3499 group. The proviral load was significantly higher in @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 than in asymptomatic subjects. The present results do not support a previous report indicating an association between the SNP @entity4907 and @entity3498 / @entity3499 outcome.

title: @entity2662 -Associated @entity602 /Tropical XXXX Is Not Associated with SNP @entity4907 of the @entity4908 Gene.

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3500 :: (MESH:D020336,Disease) :: ['Spastic Paraparesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that free @entity26 radicals contribute to @entity1423 and cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured coronary arteries. BACKGROUND: Although free @entity26 radicals, such as @entity224 anion and @entity273 , have been shown to alter platelet function in vitro, the potential role of free @entity26 radicals has not been fully described in an in vivo model of @entity1186 . METHODS: Cyclic flow variations were produced in @entity235 by an external constrictor placed at the site of the left anterior descending coronary artery with injured endothelium. Blood flow in this artery was monitored by a pulsed Doppler flow probe. If cyclic flow variations were observed during postoperative days, @entity235 intravenously received @entity224 dismutase plus @entity7669 . In anesthetized @entity235 that did not develop an episode of cyclic flow variations, the effect of intracoronary infusion of @entity3624 plus @entity3624 oxidase or @entity273 on arterial blood flow velocity was studied. In platelet studies, the effect of free @entity26 radicals and radical scavengers on @entity1423 was examined. RESULTS: In conscious @entity235 with cyclic flow variations, @entity224 dismutase plus @entity7669 significantly reduced cyclic flow variations (n = 7), whereas saline infusion had no effect (n = 7). The infusion of @entity3624 plus @entity3624 oxidase or @entity273 significantly induced cyclic flow variations in four of six @entity235 or in five of seven @entity235 , respectively. In vitro platelet studies showed that @entity3624 plus @entity3624 oxidase or @entity273 significantly enhanced @entity1423 , and @entity224 dismutase or @entity7669 significantly inhibited such aggregation. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of free @entity1423 and may eliminate cyclic flow variations, whereas promotion of free radical generation enhances @entity1423 and may induce cyclic flow variations. Thus, free @entity26 radicals are an important mediator in this model.

title: Free @entity26 radicals contribute to @entity1423 and cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured XXXX coronary arteries.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['radical formation decreases platelet aggregation', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Five @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor subunits have been identified thus far: @entity4474 , @entity4476 , @entity4319 , @entity4477 , and @entity4475 . Here, we have analyzed the expression patterns of mRNAs for the @entity143 receptor subunits in the developing and adult @entity35 by in situ hybridization. The developmental changes of the expression patterns were most salient in the cerebellum. In the external granular layer, hybridization signals of mRNAs for @entity4474 , @entity4476 , @entity4319 , and @entity4477 appeared by postnatal day 3, but no @entity4475 mRNA was expressed at any developmental stage examined. The @entity4474 mRNA was expressed in all cerebellar neurons at all developmental stage examined. The @entity4474 mRNA was expressed in all cerebellar neurons at all developmental stages examined. The signals for the @entity4476 mRNA appeared in Purkinje cells and granule cells during the second postnatal week. The signals for the @entity4319 mRNA in granule cells were seen transiently during the first 2 weeks after birth. The signals for @entity4477 mRNA appeared in granule cells and glial cells during the second postnatal week. The signals for @entity4475 mRNA appeared transiently in Purkinje cells during the first 8 postnatal days; in adult @entity35 , these were seen in stellate and Golgi cells. In the cerebellar nuclei, mRNAs for @entity4474 , @entity4476 , @entity4319 , and @entity4475 were more or less expressed on postnatal day 0, while expression signals for the @entity4477 mRNA were first detected in postnatal day 14. Thus, the most conspicuous changes of expression patterns were observed in the cerebellar cortex during the first 2 weeks after birth, when development and maturation of the cerebellum proceed most rapidly.

title: Differential expression of five XXXX receptor subunit mRNAs in the cerebellum of developing and adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: @entity35 injected with anti- @entity934 receptor (anti-AChR)2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) develop the acute phase of experimental @entity6107 characterized by a macrophage inflammation of muscle endplates (EP). These animals are subsequently refractory to induction of a second such episode up to 8 wk after the initial injection. Analysis of this phenomenon to date has shown that mechanisms such as anti-idiotypic regulation, epitopic modulation, and cellular suppression or deletion are not significantly involved. In the present study, animals reinjected from 11 wk on developed a second episode of cellular EP inflammation. This renewed susceptibility correlated temporally with an increase in postsynaptic membrane length and AChR content. When the second injection of anti-AChR mAb was given at 8 wk, mAb bound to muscle EP caused a small reduction in AChR content in the absence of cellular inflammation. These observations suggested that total inaccessibility of AChR to mAb is not responsible for the refractoriness to cellular EP inflammation. More likely, a certain AChR concentration or density is necessary to bind a critical amount or density of antibody to activate complement and set in motion the events leading to a cellular inflammatory response. In @entity1 @entity1737 , in which initially damaged EP are continuously exposed to anti-AChR antibodies, this critical AChR concentration or density may not be reached again because of continuous complement-mediated lysis and/or increased AChR turnover. Hence, these data may explain the infrequency of cellular EP inflammation in motor point muscle biopsies in this disease.

title: Refractoriness to a second episode of XXXX . Correlation with AChR concentration and morphologic appearance of the postsynaptic membrane.

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity6107 :: ('MESH:D020720', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity6107 :: (MESH:D020720,Disease) :: ['experimental myasthenia gravis']


abstract: The @entity15 Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12) is a multi-item rating scale used to assess the perspectives of @entity1 about the impact of @entity15 on their walking ability. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the MSWS-12 in Persian speaking @entity1 with @entity15 . The MSWS-12 questionnaire was translated into Persian language according to internationally adopted standards involving forward-backward translation, reviewed by an expert committee and tested on the pre-final version. In this cross-sectional study, 100 @entity1 (50 @entity1 with @entity15 and 50 healthy subjects) were included. The MSWS-12 was administered twice 7 days apart to 30 @entity1 with @entity15 for test and retest reliability. Internal consistency reliability was Cronbach's a 0.96 for test and 0.97 for retest. There were no significant floor or ceiling effects. Test-retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] agreement of 0.98, 95% CI, 0.95-0.99) confirming the reproducibility of the Persian MSWS-12. Construct validity using known group methods was demonstrated through a significant difference in the Persian MSWS-12 total score between the @entity1 with @entity15 and healthy subjects. Factor analysis extracted 2 latent factors (79.24% of the total variance). A second factor analysis suggested the 9-item Persian MSWS as a unidimensional scale for @entity1 with @entity15 . The Persian MSWS-12 was found to be valid and reliable for assessing walking ability in Persian speaking @entity1 with @entity15 .

title: XXXX Walking Scale-12, translation, adaptation and validation for the Persian language population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: A series of 74 @entity1 with @entity976 were treated during a 15-year period. Of the 74 @entity1 , 40 were males and 34 were females, with a mean age of 27 years (range 3 to 65 years). Twenty-eight @entity1 (38%) were less than 18 years of age. Remission was defined as clinical improvement with stable ophthalmological and neurological status, radiological evidence of a decrease in @entity5 size, and either a continued decrease or a stable @entity5 size on follow-up radiological evaluations. A fair result was considered remission with new @entity51 related to surgical intervention. All other results were considered a failure. The mean follow-up period in this study was 4 years, with 100% of the @entity1 monitored. In @entity1 , the most common presentation was that of @entity851 (93%). In adults, @entity250 was the most common presentation, with 88% of males presenting with @entity323 or marked decrease in sexual drive, and 82% of females presenting with primary or secondary @entity2588 , often associated with @entity6726 . Considering the pediatric and adult populations together, the most common presenting symptom was @entity227 , with 71% of @entity1 presenting in this manner. Fifty percent of @entity1 presented with severe @entity10 . The most frequent preoperative finding was a @entity227 , with 72% of @entity1 so affected; 42% of @entity1 had @entity1375 and 24% had @entity1887 . @entity2010 was present preoperatively in 23%. @entity1276 was uncommon, being present in only 15%. A subfrontal craniotomy was used in 47% of @entity1 , a transsphenoidal approach in 39%, a subtemporal approach in 11%, a transcallosal approach in 5%, and a suboccipital craniectomy in 2%. Multiple procedures were required in 15% of @entity1 in order to provide significant relief of compressive symptomatology. The results of therapy indicate that @entity5 removal was deemed to have been achieved in only seven @entity1 , six of whom have had no recurrence. However, 91% of @entity1 are in remission, one had a fair result, and two died as a direct result of surgical intervention. One @entity1 died from uncontrolled disease, and three @entity1 died from unrelated causes. The results of this study indicate that radical subtotal removal followed by radiotherapy is an acceptable treatment for @entity976 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX . A review of 74 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total tumor']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadrenalism']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sleep disruption is prevalent in @entity1 with @entity5 and survivors, but the prevalence of @entity22 , a distressing @entity25 , in these populations has yet to be determined in large-scale studies. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 823 @entity1 with @entity5 receiving chemotherapy (mean age, 58 years; 597 female @entity1 ) reported on @entity25 in a prospective study. RESULTS: During day 7 of cycle 1 of chemotherapy, 36.6% (n = 301) of the @entity1 with @entity5 reported @entity22 symptoms, and 43% (n = 362) met the diagnostic criteria for @entity22 . @entity1 with @entity5 younger than 58 years were significantly more likely to experience either symptoms of @entity22 (chi(2) = 13.6; P = .0002). @entity1 with @entity0 had the highest number of @entity22 . A significant positive association was found between symptoms of @entity22 during cycles 1 and 2 of chemotherapy (phi = .62, P < .0001), showing persistence of @entity22 during the first two cycles of chemotherapy. Sixty percent of the @entity1 sample reported that their @entity22 symptoms remained unchanged from cycle 1 to cycle 2. Those with @entity22 complaints had significantly more @entity308 and @entity1295 than @entity25 (all P < .0001). CONCLUSION: The proportions of @entity1 with @entity5 in this sample reporting symptoms of @entity22 and meeting diagnostic criteria for @entity22 during chemotherapy are approximately three times higher than the proportions reported in the general population. @entity22 complaints persist throughout the second chemotherapy cycle for the majority of @entity1 with @entity5 in this study. @entity22 is prevalent, underrecognized, undermanaged, and understudied among @entity1 with @entity5 receiving chemotherapy.

title: Prevalence, demographics, and psychological associations of @entity25 in XXXX with @entity5 : University of Rochester Cancer Center-Community Clinical Oncology Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep difficulties', 'good sleepers', 'sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['overall insomnia complaints', 'insomnia or insomnia syndrome', 'Insomnia', 'insomnia', 'insomnia syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present work introduces a novel method for approximating mass effect of primary @entity1313 . METHODS: The spatio-temporal dynamics of cancerous cells are modeled by means of a deterministic reaction-diffusion equation. Diffusion tensor information obtained from a probabilistic diffusion tensor imaging atlas is incorporated into the model to simulate anisotropic diffusion of cancerous cells. To account for the expansive nature of the @entity5 , the computed net cell density of malignant cells is linked to a @entity85 model. This mass effect model is based on the so-called directly manipulated free form deformation. Spatial correspondence between two successive simulation steps is established by tracking landmarks, which are attached to the boundary of the gross @entity5 volume. The movement of these landmarks is used to compute the new configuration of the control points and, hence, determines the resulting deformation. To prevent a deformation of rigid structures (i.e. the skull), fixed shielding landmarks are introduced. In a refinement step, an adaptive landmark scheme ensures a dense sampling of the @entity5 isosurface, which in turn allows for an appropriate representation of the @entity5 shape. RESULTS: The influence of different parameters on the model is demonstrated by a set of simulations. Additionally, simulation results are qualitatively compared to an exemplary set of clinical magnetic resonance images of @entity1 diagnosed with high-grade @entity11 . CONCLUSIONS: Careful visual inspection of the results demonstrates the potential of the implemented model and provides first evidence that the computed approximation of @entity5 mass effect is sensible. The shape of diffusive @entity1313 ( @entity463 multiforme) can be recovered and approximately matches the observations in real clinical data.

title: In-silico oncology: an approximate model of XXXX mass effect based on directly manipulated free form deformation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['parametric deformation']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is a lethal malignancy associated with poor survival rates. Fast detection of @entity1124 appears to be the most relevant strategy to improve the long-term survival of @entity1 . AIMS: Our objective was to identify new markers in peripheral blood that differentiates between @entity1124 @entity1 and healthy controls. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples from @entity1124 @entity1 (n  =  18) and controls (n  =  18) were analyzed by whole genome cDNA microarray hybridization. The most relevant genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in the same set of samples. Finally, our gene prediction set was tested in a blinded set of new peripheral blood samples (n  =  30). RESULTS: Microarray studies identified 87 genes differentially expressed in peripheral blood samples from @entity1124 @entity1 . Four of these genes were selected for analysis by RT-qPCR, which confirmed the previously observed changes. In our blinded validation study, the combination of @entity14002 and @entity14003 predicted the diagnosis of @entity1124 with 93  % accuracy, with a sensitivity of 86  % and specificity of 100  %. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral blood gene expression profiling is an useful tool for the diagnosis of @entity1124 . We present a validated four-gene predictor set ( @entity14004 , @entity14002 , @entity14005 , and @entity14003 ) that may be useful in @entity1124 diagnosis.

title: Transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood in pancreatic adenocarcinoma XXXX identifies diagnostic biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Filamentous fungi from genus @entity54 were previously detected in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) as being @entity11792 (A. flavus), an important toxigenic fungus producing @entity11189 . This study aimed to determine occupational exposure adverse effects due to fungal contamination produced by A. flavus complex in two Portuguese WWTP using conventional and molecular methodologies. Air samples from two WWTP were collected at 1 m height through impaction method. Surface samples were collected by swabbing surfaces of the same indoor sites. After counting A. flavus and identification, detection of @entity11189 production was ensured through inoculation of seven inoculates in coconut-milk agar. Plates were examined under long-wave ultraviolet (UV; 365 nm) illumination to search for the presence of fluorescence in the growing colonies. To apply molecular methods, air samples were also collected using the impinger method. Samples were collected and collection liquid was subsequently used for DNA extraction. Molecular identification of A. flavus was achieved by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the Rotor-Gene 6000 qPCR detection system (Corbett). Among the @entity54 genus, the species that were more abundant in air samples from both WWTP were @entity54 versicolor (38%), @entity54 candidus (29.1%), and @entity54 sydowii (12.7%). However, the most commonly species found on surfaces were A. flavus (47.3%), @entity54 (34.4%), and @entity54 sydowii (10.8%). @entity11792 isolates that were inoculated in coconut agar medium were not identified as toxigenic strains and were not detected by RT-PCR in any of the analyzed samples from both plants. Data in this study indicate the need for monitoring fungal contamination in this setting. Although toxigenic strains were not detected from A. flavus complex, one cannot disregard the eventual presence and potential @entity137 of aflatoxins.

title: XXXX contamination in two Portuguese wastewater treatment plants.

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin', 'aflatoxins']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity11792 :: (5059,Species) :: ['Aspergillus flavus']


abstract: @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ) remains the most severe @entity344 in preterm @entity1 . It is associated with the initiation of enteral nutrition and may be related to immature @entity1735 digestive capacity. We tested the hypothesis that a formula containing maltodextrin vs. a formula containing @entity1132 as the principal source of @entity1735 would predispose preterm @entity1707 to a higher @entity3166 incidence. Cesarean-derived preterm @entity1707 were given total parenteral nutrition for 48 h followed by total enteral nutrition with a @entity1132 -based (n = 11) or maltodextrin-based (n = 11) formula for 36 h. A higher incidence (91% vs. 27%) and severity (score of 3.3 vs. 1.8) of @entity3166 were observed in the maltodextrin than in the @entity1132 group. This higher incidence of @entity3166 in the maltodextrin group was associated with significantly lower activities of @entity17811 , maltase, and @entity17812 ; reduced villus height; transiently reduced in vivo aldohexose uptake; and reduced ex vivo aldohexose uptake capacity in the middle region of the small intestine. Bacterial diversity was low for both diets, but alterations in bacterial composition and luminal concentrations of short-chain @entity1718 were observed in the maltodextrin group. In a second study, we quantified net portal absorption of @entity17813 ( @entity413 and @entity3649 ) during acute jejunal infusion of a maltodextrin- or a @entity1132 -based formula (n = 8) into preterm @entity1707 . We found lower net portal @entity17813 absorption (4% vs. 42%) and greater intestinal recovery of undigested @entity1735 (68% vs. 27%) in @entity1707 acutely perfused with the maltodextrin-based formula than those perfused with the @entity1132 -based formula. The higher digestibility of the @entity1132 than the maltodextrin in the formulas can be attributed to a 5- to 20-fold higher hydrolytic activity of tissue-specific @entity17811 than maltases. We conclude that @entity1735 maldigestion is sufficient to increase the incidence and severity of @entity3166 in preterm @entity1707 .

title: XXXX maldigestion induces @entity3166 in preterm @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotizing enterocolitis', 'NEC']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity17813 :: ('CHEBI:33917', 'Chemical') :: ['aldohexoses', 'aldohexose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: We used a @entity235 left lung allotransplantation model to evaluate 24-hour lung preservation with two different electrolyte solutions, low- @entity972 dextran and low- @entity972 dextran with 1% @entity413 . To investigate changes in the energy status during preservation, we analyzed the lungs for @entity855 , @entity1734 , and several metabolites of the glycolysis pathway and the @entity1792 cycle: @entity413 , @entity3776 , @entity880 , @entity3736 , and @entity5910 . We also devised and evaluated a pulmonary cooling jacket to prevent rewarming of the lung during implantation. The lungs were divided into four groups. Groups I (n = 10) and II (n = 6) were flushed with low- @entity972 dextran and groups III (n = 6) and IV (n = 6) were flushed with low- @entity972 dextran solution with 1% @entity413 . The cooling jacket was used for groups II and IV only. After 24-hour preservation at 10 degrees C, the left lungs were implanted into the recipient animals. Function of the transplanted left lung was assessed during temporary (10 minutes) occlusion of the @entity358 while both lungs were ventilated with 100% @entity26 . This assessment was performed at 1 hour and at 3, 8, and 22 days after transplantation. Immediately after transplantation the arterial @entity26 tension was 279 +/- 70 mm Hg in group I, 376 +/- 56 mm Hg in group II, 523 +/- 41 mm Hg in group III, and 518 +/- 50 mm Hg in group IV. The arterial @entity26 tension in groups III and IV were significantly greater than in group I (p < 0.05). Of the lungs preserved with low- @entity972 dextran solution with 1% @entity413 solution, 11 of 12 (92%) showed excellent lung function (arterial @entity26 tension > 300 mm Hg) at 3 days; only 10 of 16 lungs preserved with low- @entity972 dextran achieved this level of function. @entity413 , @entity3776 , @entity880 , @entity3736 and @entity5910 levels decreased significantly during 24-hour preservation with low- @entity972 dextran solution; they were stable with low- @entity972 dextran solution with 1% @entity413 . @entity855 and @entity1734 were stable for 24 hours with both low- @entity972 dextran and low- @entity972 dextran solution with 1% @entity413 . The cooling jacket provided uniform cooling of the lung parenchyma during implantation, and significant increase in temperature was observed in its absence, with topical cooling by cold saline solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of lung metabolism during successful twenty-four-hour XXXX lung preservation.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'Adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The use of ABMT "early" in @entity978 ( @entity978 ) could refer to its to its application at diagnosis, as part of primary therapy or even at the first evidence of disease progression after primary therapy. We have recommended intensive therapy and ABMT to @entity978 @entity1 at the time of first relapse after a complete remission induced by primary chemotherapy. Among the 58 @entity1 entering transplant protocols at the time of first relapse, the majority first received several cycles of conventional chemotherapy and/or local radiotherapy prior to hospitalization for conditioning and autotransplantation. However, all 58 were subsequently conditioned with high-dose @entity786 , BCNU and @entity2879 +/- @entity900 ( @entity2541 +/- P) and autologous transplantation. The progression free survival (PFS) after transplantation was 61% (95% confidence intervals [C.I.] 43%-74%) at a median follow-up of 3.6 (range 1.6-8.2) years. Two @entity1 died of @entity137 within the first 5 months of ABMT, while 3 late deaths occurred > 1 year post-transplant. The probability of progression was 28% (95% C.I. 17%-43%). Multivariate analysis identified 3 adverse risk factors for PFS-B symptoms at relapse, initial remission duration < 1 year and extranodal disease at relapse. PFS was significantly correlated with the number of adverse factors. @entity1 with 2 or 3 risk factors are candidates for more intensive or innovative measures due to the high relapse rate seen in these subgroups. @entity1 with 0 or 1 risk factors have a < 15% probability of relapse post-transplant, and are arguably candidates for less aggressive regimens.

title: Early autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Parent @entity6844 and B16-F1 cell lines express a third actin (Ax) in addition to @entity9875 . It has the same molecular mass (43,000 daltons) and a more acidic isoelectric point (pI = 5.2) than the latter two actins (pI = 5.3) (Taniguchi, S., Kawano, T., Kakunaga, T., and Baba, T. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6100-6106). We constructed a cDNA library from poly(A)+ RNA of B16-F1 and then isolated Ax actin candidate clones. According to the @entity377 sequencing analysis for one of the candidate clones, pMA 30, the predicted @entity535 sequence was composed of 375 @entity1522 and was similar to that of @entity12835 , but differed at the 28th @entity535 in that @entity368 replaced the @entity369 of @entity12835 . When RNA synthesized from the clone pMA 30 with the @entity6591 transcription system was translated in vitro using reticulocyte lysate, we identified a polypeptide which had the same isoelectric point and molecular weight as Ax actin; the polypeptide had binding activity to @entity9828 , a common characteristic of native actin. These observations provide evidence that the clone pMA 30 encodes the mRNA for Ax actin. In the @entity377 sequence of the Ax cDNA, there are: 1) one base change in the coding region which causes a loss of the SmaI site and an @entity535 exchange, as mentioned above; 2) four deletion sites in the 3'-noncoding region; 3) one insertion site in the 3'-noncoding region; and 4) one base change in the 5'-noncoding region, as compared with hitherto known @entity19 @entity12835 cDNA. These differences between Ax and @entity12835 cDNA indicate that the Ax actin is encoded by an unique gene set, independent of @entity12835 .

title: cDNA cloning and sequence of a new type of actin in @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity6844 :: (MESH:D008546,Disease) :: ['B16 melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity1109 with a diurnal increase in inflammatory activity suggests a role for anti-inflammatory therapy in nocturnal @entity565 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity565 with nocturnal symptoms entered a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. After a two week baseline period @entity1 received nedocromil @entity1372 (4 mg) or placebo four times daily. After eight weeks of treatment @entity1 crossed to the alternative treatment for a further eight weeks. Symptom severity was recorded on a scale of 0-4 and inhaled bronchodilator use and peak flow (PEFR) were also recorded daily by the @entity1 . Asthma severity, pulmonary function (FEV1, PEFR, FVC), and adverse events were recorded at clinic visits (baseline and after four and eight weeks of treatment). Global effectiveness was rated by clinician and @entity1 , and treatment preference was recorded. RESULTS: Efficacy was assessed from data from 28 @entity1 . Night-time @entity565 (mean (SE) difference between nedocromil @entity1372 and placebo: -0.52 (0.13)), total nocturnal symptom severity defined as night-time @entity565 plus morning tightness (-0.72 (0.20)), and night-time bronchodilator use (-0.62 (0.23)) were reduced with nedocromil @entity1372 compared with placebo treatment during the primary efficacy period (weeks 5-8) and during weeks 1-4 (-0.36 (0.12), -0.63 (0.20), and -0.55 (0.28), respectively). Morning and evening PEFR values improved slightly--but not significantly--compared with placebo. @entity1 and clinician opinions favoured nedocromil @entity1372 treatment. Daytime @entity565 , daytime cough, and clinic assessment of @entity565 severity (secondary efficacy variables) were improved with nedocromil @entity1372 treatment; day-time bronchodilator use and clinic pulmonary function were not. CONCLUSIONS: @entity19608 was more effective than placebo in reducing nocturnal symptoms of @entity565 and bronchodilator use in this group of @entity1 .

title: Treatment of nocturnal @entity565 with nedocromil XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity19608 :: ('MESH:D017835', 'Chemical') :: ['Nedocromil sodium']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal asthma symptoms']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: Ten @entity1 had @entity13593 due to surreptitious @entity2690 injections diagnosed and were followed for up to 15 years (median, 5 years; range, 2 months to 15 years). When available, demonstration of anti- @entity2690 antibodies was the most helpful diagnostic test. Decreased plasma @entity2690 levels corroborated the diagnosis. Young @entity1 (nine of ten) with knowledge of the medical profession or relatives with @entity6 predominated in the sample. Five of the @entity1 had a history of @entity2690 -requiring @entity6 . Two @entity1 eventually committed suicide despite the best efforts at therapy. Only three of ten @entity1 made a successful transition into productive life after the diagnosis of @entity13593 was established. @entity13593 remains a difficult diagnosis to make, and the long-term outcome after the diagnosis is established is unpredictable. All efforts have to be made to confirm the diagnosis before the @entity1 are approached. The confrontation is to be made by an experienced team of health care professionals who have gained the @entity1 's confidence through an understanding but firm manner. Long-term therapy must be planned and initiated before the @entity1 's discharge.

title: XXXX due to surreptitious administration of @entity2690 . Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13593 :: ('MESH:D005162', 'Disease') :: ['Factitious hypoglycemia', 'factitious hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity13593 :: (MESH:D005162,Disease) :: ['Factitious hypoglycemia']


abstract: This work evaluates a process for the elimination of @entity211 ( @entity212 ) from effluents provided by a cyclodextrin-assisted flushing of contaminated soils. The effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation of @entity212 in several cyclodextrin (CD) solutions was evaluated using @entity3759 as a photocatalyst. Effects of CD type on @entity212 degradation rate were studied at two pH values. A similar effect was observed for all CDs used on degradation rate of @entity212 and the decay of @entity212 was found to be less extensive at pH 11 than at pH 7. The kinetic orders of the photocatalytic reactions of @entity212 for all of the solutions have been determined. The first-order rate constants were found to be 0.0884, 0.0362, 0.0197 and 0.0053 min(-1) in CD solutions, respectively, at 0, 1, 2 and 5 mmol l(-1) of CD. Batch experiments were performed in order to study the CD extraction enhancement of @entity212 previously adsorbed on soil. The results show that the removal capacity of @entity212 from soil increases with CD concentration (from 0 to 5 mmol l(-1)). When the CD concentration was 5 mmol l(-1), an extraction of about 70% of @entity212 adsorbed on soil was observed, whereas only 37% was removed when water was used as the flushing solution. The optimal conditions for such a coupled method depend on the nature and concentration of the extracting agent and also on the photocatalytic experimental conditions. This work revealed that the coupling of cyclodextrin-enhanced solubilization and photocatalytic treatment is a promising method for contaminated soil remediation.

title: Degradation of XXXX in cyclodextrin extraction effluent using a photocatalytic process.

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

answer: @entity211 :: (MESH:D010416,Chemical) :: ['pentachlorophenol']


abstract: In data from the @entity3595 Lanka Fertility Survey, 1975, the cessation of childbearing is examined among @entity1 who have never used contraception. The sample consisted of 6810 currently or previously married @entity1 , 57% of whom reported that they had never used contraception. Cessation of childbearing is studied according to age and marriage duration. The variables analyzed are age at last birth, proportions infertile during the last 5 or 7 years, and the infertile open interval. The duration of breastfeeding is taken into account where necessary, and the contraceptive users and nonusers are compared where appropriate. Non-users tend to cease childbearing early, and therefore are infertile for longer periods during their marriages. It is probably age of the 1st @entity1 that influences decisions on future fertility. Among @entity1 aged 45-49 who married before age 20 and continued in their 1st marriage, mean age at last live birth in non-users, was 34.5 years, about 2 years earlier than in those who had used contraception. Non-users who married at any age below 30 years cease childbearing well below age 40. The proportion not currently pregnant and infertile over the past 5 years increases with marriage duration among the fertile non-users in each age group. When age at last birth and the duration of breastfeeding in the open interval are taken into account and the reference period is increased to 7 years, the period of @entity249 increases with marriage duration among nonpregnant non-users below age 45. The proportion of @entity1 who were currently not pregnant and had remained infertile over the past 7 years is higher among the older non-users whose 1st @entity1 was born more than 10 years ago.

title: Cessation of childbearing in the absence of contraception in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ) requires quantification of esophageal @entity1712 . AIMS: The aims of this study were to assess inter- and intraobserver reliability for measuring esophageal eosinophil counts and to validate a novel method of determining tissue eosinophil density using digitized histopathology slides. METHODS: @entity1 were selected from the University of North Carolina @entity5202 clinicopathologic database. Glass slides were de-identified and scanned to create digitized slides. Using a set protocol, 40 slides were read by each of three pathologists for interobserver measures, and were also reread by one pathologist as traditional glass slides. Different sets of 20 unique slides were read twice by each pathologist for intraobserver measures. Correlation and agreement were calculated with Pearson's rho and the kappa statistic. RESULTS: There was excellent correction between digitized images and glass slides (r = 0.91-0.95, P < 0.001). For maximum eosinophil densities, interobserver correlations were 0.91, 0.76, and 0.79. For mean densities, interobserver correlations were 0.90, 0.89, and 0.85. Intraobserver correlations for maximum densities were 0.99, 0.94, and 0.96, and for mean densities were 0.97, 0.87, and 0.89 (P < 0.001 for all correlations). Agreement was in the "substantial" to "near-perfect" range for pathologists using several diagnostic cut-points for @entity5202 . CONCLUSIONS: Both inter- and intraobserver correlations were excellent for determining eosinophil densities and counts. A method of using digitized slides was valid when compared with traditional glass slides. This protocol could be adopted for research and clinical purposes to further standardize the diagnostic process for @entity5202 .

title: Inter- and intraobserver reliability and validation of a new method for determination of eosinophil counts in @entity1 with esophageal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['EoE', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: @entity14972 ( @entity14972 ) is a @entity395 characterized by the development of @entity5 in the skin, muscle, bone, and viscera. The incidence is 1/150,000 live births and the disease is the most common cause of @entity5 in infancy. Cases which lack visceral involvement generally have a more benign course, usually with spontaneous regression of the @entity5 . On the other hand, the prognosis tends to be unfavorable when there is involvement of vital organs, which can lead to significant mortality. The identification of rare variants in genes that may cause @entity14972 is the first step towards the possibility of targeted treatments; however, the molecular pathogenesis of @entity14972 is poorly understood. In the present study, we report the results of exome sequence analysis of two brothers diagnosed with visceral multicentric @entity14972 , and their healthy consanguineous parents. In the two brothers we identified novel homozygous variants in @entity14973 gene ( @entity4180 downregulated gene family member 4) and in @entity14974 gene (RGD motif, @entity368 rich repeats, tropomodulin domain and @entity1521 -rich containing). The healthy parents were heterozygous for both variants. Consistent with the phenotype of @entity14972 , @entity14973 is a @entity5 -related gene; its expression has been shown to be decreased in numerous @entity5 types, suggesting that it might be a @entity5 suppressor gene. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that @entity14973 may have a role in cell survival and @entity5 invasion. We thus propose that this homozygous variant in @entity14973 may be the causative variant of the autosomal recessive form of @entity14972 in the studied family and that it should be investigated in other cases of @entity74 .

title: Exome sequencing identifies a novel homozygous variant in @entity14973 in a family with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrous tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive infantile myofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity14972 :: ('MESH:C562978', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile myofibromatosis', 'IM', 'infantile myofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity14972 :: (MESH:C562978,Disease) :: ['infantile myofibromatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity2737 following crotalidae @entity5900 in @entity235 and determine if the use of prophylactic antibiotics is warranted. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: A 24-hour private practice specialty and emergency center in Murrieta, California. ANIMALS: One hundred and two @entity235 with @entity697 . INTERVENTIONS: One hundred and forty-three consecutive cases of suspected @entity697 were evaluated between March of 2012 and May of 2013. One hundred and two cases received no antimicrobials as part of management. Eight cases were placed on prophylactic antimicrobials by the primary care veterinarian prior to referral and were excluded. Two cases were excluded because they were initiated on antimicrobials during hospitalization for reasons unrelated to snakebite. Three cases involved @entity468 and were excluded. Three @entity1 died acutely near the time of presentation and were excluded. Twenty-one cases of suspected @entity5900 were excluded for lack of strong evidence of snakebite. Four cases were lost to follow-up and were excluded. Follow-up was conducted within 2 weeks either by phone or by direct inspection of the wound. RESULTS: Of the 102 @entity1 included in the study only 1 @entity281 developed. This @entity1 developed an abscess subsequent to suspected @entity2054 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity2737 in rattlesnake @entity5900 is low, and the use of prophylactic antimicrobials is not recommended. The use of antimicrobials should be reserved for wounds with @entity39 or abscess and the choice of antimicrobial should be based on a culture and sensitivity of the wound.

title: Prospective evaluation of the incidence of @entity2737 in rattlesnake XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute rattlesnake envenomation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity5900 :: (MESH:D012909,Disease) :: ['envenomation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of excretory-secretory products (ESPs) from @entity2440 in the production of @entity842 (NO) and the activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) in the macrophages of RAW264.7 @entity19 . METHODS: 20   g/ml of @entity2441 EPSs, the organic solvent extracts of EPSs (ESP-ex), and 0.1   g/ml of lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota ( @entity558 -SM) were used as stimulators in co-culture with RAW264.7 @entity19 macrophages as experimental groups. The Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) served as control. At the same time the RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with EPSs, ESP-ex, and @entity558 -SM, and then added 0.3 mmol/L of SMT, a specific inhibitor of iNOS as the interference groups. After co-culture for 18 days, the concentrations of @entity6836 - in the culture supernatants were detected with Griess regents, and the activation of NF-kB was determined by transfection with a NF-kB-inducible reporter plasmid, pNiFty2-SEAP. The activities of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) in culture supernatants were quantified by using HEK-Blue    detection medium and expressed as the value of optical density at 620 nm (A620 value). The intercellular activities of SEAP were determined by microscopic observation. RESULTS: After stimulation with both ESPs-ex and @entity558 -SM, the concentrations of @entity6836 - in culture supernatants were (14.30    1.62) and (14.10    2.17)   mol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control [(7.70    0.95)   mol/L] (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased to (8.97    0.81) and (4.96    1.36)   mol/L after adding SMT, respectively (P < 0.05). However, the concentration of @entity6836 - in ESPs stimulation group [(4.06    0.62)   mol/L] was lower than that of the control (P < 0.05), and almost unchanged [(3.99    0.87)   mol/L] after adding SMT (P > 0.05). SEAP activity in ESP group (0.836    0.005) was significantly higher than that of the control [(0.097    0.009)   mol/L] (P < 0.05). A strong blue color reaction was observed in cells of ESP group. SEAP activity of ESPs-ex and @entity558 groups [(0.112    0.004), (0.116    0.009)   mol/L] was slightly higher than that of the control (P > 0.05), and blue color reaction was observed in some cells. CONCLUSION: ESPs from @entity2441 can stimulate NF-kB activation in RAW264.7 cells. The water-soluble components of ESPs can inhibit the NO production, while ESPs-ex and @entity558 -SM can promote the NO production.

title: [Effect of Excretory-secretory Products of @entity2440 on XXXX Production and NF-kB Activation in RAW264.7 @entity19 Macrophages].

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric Oxide']


abstract: Lactobacilli recovered from the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, respiratory tract, and gut of 20 hospitalized immunocompromised septic @entity1 were analyzed. Biochemical @entity1735 fermentation and total soluble cell protein profiles were used to identify the species. @entity273 production was measured. Susceptibility to 19 antibiotics was tested by a diffusion method, and the MICs of @entity3397 , @entity115 , @entity2892 , @entity2929 , @entity2176 , @entity801 , and @entity800 were determined. A small number of species produced @entity274 , and antibiotic susceptibilities were species related. Eighteen (90%) of the isolates were @entity10263 , one was @entity10264 , and one was @entity10265 . @entity10263 , @entity10264 isolates, and the type strains were neither @entity274 producers nor @entity2176 susceptible (MICs, >/=256 microgram/ml). @entity10265 , as well as most of the type strains of lactobacilli which belong to the @entity9206 group, was an @entity274 producer and @entity2176 susceptible (MICs, <4 microgram/ml).

title: @entity10263 species identification, @entity274 production, and antibiotic resistance and correlation with XXXX clinical status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity10264 :: ('47714', 'Species') :: ['L. paracasei subsp. paracasei']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['benzylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['L. acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recent clinical studies have suggested that alkalinization of local anaesthetic agents may shorten the onset time and lengthen their duration of action. In clinical practice, @entity4388 1.4 and 4.2% are often added to local anaesthetic agents to obtain these effects. We evaluated pH changes of 4 local anaesthetic solutions commonly used for obstetrical epidural anaesthesia, in order to develop titration curves with @entity4388 1.4 and 4.2%. Local anaesthetic agents tested included @entity3303 2% and @entity1341 0.25% with and without @entity1425 . Each one was divided in 10 mL aliquots, and supplemented with 25 micrograms of @entity681 (1 mL). The pH measurement were made with a pH-meter P 500 with a combined electrode (TBC 12/HS) in the standard solution and after incremental addition of 0.5 mL of 1.4 or 4.2% @entity4388 . The percentage of the free form of local anaesthetic was calculated for each step, using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Results showed that alkalinization is not beneficial with @entity1425 free solutions. Increasing volumes of @entity4388 , buffered the acidic effect of @entity4389 present in solutions containing @entity1425 , and increased the percentage of the free form of local anaesthetic to the level of @entity1425 free solutions. From this pH point upwards, the gain is poor and precipitates are generated. This study suggests that 1 mL of 4.2% @entity4388 for 10 mL of local anaesthetic solution is the best theorical choice for alkalinization of a local anaesthetic associated with @entity1425 .

title: [In vitro effects of the alkalinization of 0.25% XXXX and 2% @entity3303 ].

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4389 :: ('MESH:C009279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bisulfite']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early injection of @entity3897 during @entity452 stress echocardiography has been demonstrated in retrospective analyses to reduce the duration and dose of @entity452 infusion, while preserving a similar diagnostic accuracy with a lower incidence of adverse effects. AIM: In our prospective study, we sought to explore the safety of the early @entity3897 - @entity452 stress echocardiography protocol compared to the conventional protocol in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled 100 consecutive elderly @entity1 who had been referred to our echocardiography laboratory for evaluation of @entity741 . Once eligible, @entity1 were randomly assigned to undergo either the conventional protocol (Group 1, 50 @entity1 ) or early @entity3897 protocol (Group 2, 50 @entity1 ) where @entity3897 was started at @entity452 infusion rate of 20 microg/kg/min if the heart rate was < 100 beats/min, and at 30 microg/kg/min if the heart rate was < 120 beats/min, (max 2.0 mg). Test duration and total @entity452 dose were calculated. RESULTS: The mean age of the whole study cohort was 69.8 +/- 2.8 years, 54 (54%) being males. @entity1 in Group 1 received a higher total dose of @entity452 (15.7 +/- 0.8 vs 12.2 +/- 1.5 mg) and had a longer test duration (14.3 +/- 3.5 vs 11.5 +/- 1.3 min) as compared to Group 2 (p < 0.01 for both). The two groups received a similar total dose of @entity3897 (NS). Group 1 @entity1 had a higher incidence of @entity67 , non-sustained @entity1165 , @entity955 , and @entity551 . CONCLUSIONS: In elderly @entity1 undergoing @entity452 stress echocardiography, adopting the early @entity3897 protocol offers a shorter test duration and a lower @entity452 dose, with consequently fewer adverse effects.

title: Early @entity3897 is safer than conventional @entity3897 administration in the elderly undergoing XXXX stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extra-systoles']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14162 is an atypical cause of @entity490 whose knowledge could avoid diagnostic or treatment errors. Diagnosis has been performed with abdominal ultrasound or tomography with the only treatment being nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity1 diagnosed in our hospital. METHODS: We performed a 4-year retrospective and descriptive study (March 2009-March 2013) of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity14162 in our hospital. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 were included, 14 females and three males with a median age of 57 years. Symptom delay was 72 h. Abdominal @entity158 were located in the left lower quadrant in 64.7% and right lower quadrant in 35.3% of @entity1 . Blood test demonstrated leukocytes 6,300 (5,000-9,500), neutrophils 61.6% (57-65.8), and C reactive protein 1.5 (0.85-2.92). Diagnosis was confirmed with abdominal ultrasound or tomography in 88.2% and intraoperatively in 11.8%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14162 was more frequent in @entity1 . Abdominal @entity158 was located in the lower quadrant, more predominant in left than right. Blood tests were normal except for increased levels of @entity1851 . Diagnosis was made mostly preoperatively due to imaging tests, avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention.

title: [ XXXX : a rare cause of @entity490 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14162 :: ('MESH:D018280', 'Disease') :: ['Epiploic appendagitis', 'epiploic appendagitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity14162 :: (MESH:D018280,Disease) :: ['Epiploic appendagitis']


abstract: The rising incidence of @entity2025 and concern about nosocomial transmission require the establishment of effective, reasonable infection control measures. Guidelines are based on the knowledge that herpes is usually transmitted by direct contact but may also be spread by droplets. Obstetric inpatients with evidence of @entity2025 , including lesions or a positive culture, should be given a private room and bathroom. Gown and glove precautions should be taken by hospital personnel in contact with contaminated areas or articles. Perineal pads and bed linens should be handled as infected discharges and double bagged. The mother can handle and feed her @entity1 under supervision. @entity1 with suspected @entity281 should be kept in a special care, observation or isolation nursery unit. Hospital personnel with herpetic lesions on exposed body surfaces should not work with newborns, if possible. They may work with @entity2143 @entity1 if the lesions are covered and strict hand washing is employed. To avoid herpetic whitlow, gloves should be worn on both hands when handling suspicious lesions. An employee with active herpetic whitlow must wear a glove on the involved hand while working in @entity1 care areas. Anecdotal reports suggest that @entity1033 is of value in suppressing whitlow.

title: XXXX in obstetrics and gynecology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['herpes infections']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections', 'HSV infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Infection control of herpes simplex virus infections']


abstract: The developmental, genetic, and biochemical similarities that have been observed between the cerebellum and retina form the basis for ongoing investigations into retinal expression of cerebellar-specific proteins. We have examined the @entity19 , @entity35 , @entity95 , and @entity1 retina for expression of a protein that is present in parasagittal Purkinje cell strips and that is recognized by the antibody @entity4455 . This protein has recently been identified as a member of the aldolase C isoenzymes. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry have been used. The monoclonal antibody @entity4455 recognized a prominent 36 kDa protein band on immunoblots of both the cerebellum and the retina of the examined species. Immunocytochemistry showed that, in the three nonhuman species, cells were stained in the @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). In addition, in the @entity19 and @entity95 , cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL) were also labeled. Except for the visual streak, there were more immunopositive cells in the @entity95 @entity1358 and INL than in corresponding areas of the @entity19 retina. In the @entity1 , in contrast to the other species, the photoreceptor cell layer was strongly aldolase C immunoreactive. In all species except for the @entity35 , the photoreceptor inner segments also displayed a weak labeling. The results show that this aldolase C isoenzyme is another protein that is selectively expressed by the cerebellum and retina. Furthermore, the retinal expression is species specific, and this pattern seems to show a good correlation with the oxygenation level of the individual compartments. The indication that this aldolase C isoenzyme has specific developmental functions in the retina provides additional clues for our understanding of cerebellar organization.

title: Distribution of Purkinje cell-specific XXXX /aldolase C immunoreactivity in the @entity19 , @entity35 , @entity95 , and @entity1 retina.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['GCL', 'ganglion cell layer']

answer: @entity4455 :: (11676(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Zebrin-II']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Placenta @entity8052 is associated with maternal morbidity and mortality. A hysterectomy is often needed to control the @entity548 in such cases. However, it has been advocated that @entity8052 be managed conservatively to avoid massive @entity548 and to preserve the @entity1 's fertility. Here, we present a case of @entity8052 diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, and treated with systemic administration of @entity1499 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 27-year-old nulliparous Japanese @entity1 at 39 gestational weeks had an uncomplicated vaginal delivery of a 3244-g @entity1 . However, her placenta was not delivered, and we could not remove it manually. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging indicated deep myometrial invasion by placental tissue and the whole placenta was strongly enhanced. Seven days post-partum, her serum human chorionic gonadotropin level was 12,656IU/L. Our @entity1 hoped to preserve her uterus for a future pregnancy. She therefore received 13 courses of @entity1499 (50mg/week, intravenous injection). Her serum human chorionic gonadotropin level was undetectable 97 days after the first @entity1499 injection. At 117 days post-partum, she had a labor-like @entity158 every three minutes and delivered the placenta. Our @entity1 regained normal menses and at follow-up remained in good health. Two years later, she delivered a healthy daughter. CONCLUSION: We should try to detect @entity8052 in high-risk @entity1 by any means. For low-risk @entity1 , we should give a diagnosis swiftly and control any intrauterine @entity281 and @entity548 .

title: Preservation of fertility and subsequent childbirth after XXXX treatment of @entity8052 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'massive bleeding', 'pelvic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['percreta', 'placenta percreta']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Perinidal high-signal-intensity changes on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can be seen surrounding radiosurgically treated @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ). Occasionally, these signal intensity changes develop far beyond the irradiated volume. A retrospective analysis of both the pre- and postradiosurgery magnetic resonance imaging and angiographic studies was performed to analyze the cause of these extensive perinidal white matter changes. METHODS: The pre- and postradiosurgical magnetic resonance imaging and angiographic studies of 30 @entity1 with T2 high-signal-intensity changes surrounding a brain @entity2758 were analyzed retrospectively. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the extension of the signal intensity changes within or beyond the 10-Gy isodose area. The angiographic analysis was focused on the venous drainage pattern (deep versus superficial), @entity1211 , and the number of draining veins before and after radiosurgery. In addition, the obliteration rate was determined for the 2 subgroups. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (47%) showed high-signal-intensity changes far beyond the 10-Gy isodose area. A single draining vein was more often present in these @entity1 with extensive T2 hyperintensity signal changes than in the other group. Obliteration was achieved in 12 (88%) of 14 @entity1 with extensive signal intensity changes, as opposed to 8 (50%) of 16 @entity1 in the other group. CONCLUSION: High-signal-intensity changes after radiosurgery for brain AVMs, far beyond the 10-Gy isodose area on T2-weighted images, are especially seen in brain AVMs draining through a single vein. The higher occlusion rate of brain AVMs under these circumstances is well appreciated.

title: Extensive white matter changes after stereotactic radiosurgery for XXXX : a prognostic sign for obliteration?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['brain arteriovenous malformations', 'AVM']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['brain arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: The antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid, derived from the @entity8 , causes a vasodepressor effect when injected into a peripheral vein, such as the inferior vena cava, after a lag period of 1 to 2 minutes. The blood pressure tracing is skewed (cuplike effect). The lag period is significantly reduced after injection of the antihypertensive lipid into the portal vein. The vasodepressor configuration (cuplike) is the same whether the lipid is injected into the vena cava or portal vein. Removal of the liver from the circulation prevents the @entity9598 effect. Thus, passage through the liver is essential for antihypertensive lipid activity. Renoportal shunting of blood potentiates the antihypertensive function of the kidney after unclipping in the one-kidney, one clip @entity101 @entity35 . Lack of a hepatic circulation prevents the antihypertensive function of the kidney after unclipping. Antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid and the renal venous effluent after unclipping have the same biological behavior. We conclude that antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid is a promolecule, the putative prohormone of the @entity8 and its renomedullary interstitial cells. The liver converts the antihypertensive prohormone of the kidney to an active antihypertensive substance. A @entity2270 of blood pressure control appears to exist.

title: The liver converts the antihypertensive hormone of the kidney. The XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal papilla']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['renohepatic axis']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['renohepatic axis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin problems in the elderly population have rarely been the subject of scientific research. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to determine the prevalences of the most common dermatological conditions in elderly subjects and to investigate their associations with @entity262 . METHODS: The study involved a group of 198 consecutive @entity1 aged >=  65 years who were admitted to the Departments of Dermatology and Geriatrics at the study institution. All @entity1 were thoroughly evaluated in a clinical interview and physical examination in which special emphasis was placed on dermatological issues. RESULTS: All subjects presented at least one dermatological condition. A significant correlation was found between the number of @entity262 and the number of different @entity272 observed. The most common @entity272 included @entity6311 , @entity2695 , xerosis, @entity4891 , @entity6312 , @entity4 of the lower legs, and @entity111 . @entity1 aged >=  75 years demonstrated @entity6311 , @entity4 of the lower legs, clavi, solar keratoses, and @entity6313 significantly more often, whereas @entity1 aged < 75 years suffered more frequently from @entity1569 . @entity6 was associated with the development of @entity6313 ; @entity1007 promoted the incidence of @entity4741 and drug-induced skin reactions; @entity1030 was associated with @entity4125 ; and @entity1375 favored the occurrence of @entity6312 in the lower legs and telogen effluvium. CONCLUSIONS: @entity272 are common in elderly @entity1 . @entity262 promote the development of dermatological conditions. A comprehensive approach to health problems in elderly subjects requires knowledge of dermatology.

title: XXXX in elderly subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['senile angiomas']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity6311 :: ('MESH:D007911', 'Disease') :: ['solar lentigines']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases', 'Systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['senile purpura']

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['varicose veins']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity4741 :: ('MESH:D014973', 'Disease') :: ['xanthomas']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'Skin disorders', 'skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity4891 :: ('MESH:D014860', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic warts']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['Skin disorders']


abstract: The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that in hypertrophied myocardium of @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) a reduced contractile reserve provided by frequency dependent potentiation of force of contraction contributes to the @entity296 . Myectomy was performed in 8 @entity1121 @entity1 with normal systolic left ventricular function at rest. Nonfailing myocardium from the hearts of three multiorgan donors was investigated for comparison. In thin myocardial strips we measured the inotropic effects of different stimulation frequencies (0.5-3.0 Hz) at different extracellular @entity141 concentrations (1.8-16.2 mmol/l). At 1.8 mmol/l extracellular @entity141 concentration, increasing stimulation rates had no positive inotropic effect in @entity1121 myocardium, whereas in nonfailing myocardium force of contraction increased up to 3 Hz. Increasing extracellular @entity141 concentrations induced a positive force-frequency relation in @entity1121 with a maximum at 5.4 mmol/l @entity141 . A further increase to 16.2 mmol/l @entity141 resulted in a negative force-frequency relation in these specimens. The time to peak tension and the time to relaxation decreased at increasing stimulation frequencies at all @entity141 concentrations investigated. In conclusion, in hypertrophied myocardium of @entity1121 @entity1 increasing stimulation frequencies failed to have a positive inotropic effect at physiological extracellular @entity141 concentrations. The induction of a positive force-frequency relation by higher @entity141 concentrations suggests that an abnormal cellular @entity141 handling may play an important pathophysiological role.

title: Altered force-frequency relation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The terminal intron ( @entity2350 ) of the @entity375 mitochondrial @entity2351 gene is a group I intron capable of self-splicing in vitro at high concentrations of @entity1025 . Excision of @entity2350 in vivo, however, requires a protein encoded by the nuclear gene @entity2352 . The @entity2352 protein has been partially purified from wild-type @entity375 mitochondria and shown to promote splicing at physiological concentrations of @entity1025 . The self-splicing and protein-dependent splicing reactions utilized a guanosine @entity2353 cofactor, the hallmark of group I intron self-splicing reactions. Furthermore, mutations that abolished the autocatalytic activity of @entity2350 also blocked protein-dependent splicing. These results indicated that protein-dependent excision of @entity2350 is an RNA-catalyzed process involving the same two-step transesterification mechanism responsible for self-splicing of group I introns. We propose that the @entity2352 protein binds to the @entity2350 precursor, thereby stabilizing the catalytically active structure of the RNA. The same or a similar RNA structure is probably induced by high concentrations of @entity1025 in the absence of protein. Binding of the @entity2352 protein to the unspliced precursor was supported by the observation that the protein-dependent reaction was saturable by the wild-type precursor. Protein-dependent splicing was competitively inhibited by excised @entity2350 and by a splicing-defective precursor with a mutation in the 5' exon near the splice site but not by a splicing-defective precursor with a mutation in the core structure. Binding of the @entity2352 protein to the precursor RNA had an effect on the 5' splice site helix, as evidenced by suppression of the interaction of an exogenous @entity2354 with the internal guide sequence.

title: @entity2352 protein promotes in vitro excision of a XXXX mitochondrial group I intron.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity2354 :: ('CHEBI:47885', 'Chemical') :: ['dinucleotide']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: PURPOSE: Off-hours admissions have been associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes but results have been inconsistent, possibly due to different measures of off-hours care used. We examined, using a single condition and increasingly refined definitions of time of admission, the effect of off-hours admissions on 7-day @entity64 case-fatality. METHODS: We studied a retrospective cohort of 82,219 @entity64 admissions to 115 Dutch hospitals between 2000 and 2004. Data were from the Dutch Medical Register and analysed using multivariable multilevel logistic regression. We adjusted for variables such as age, gender, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score, urgency of admission, hospital teaching status and speciality of attending physician. RESULTS: After adjustment, we observed higher 7-day @entity204 risk for weekend admissions when compared to weekday admissions (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.34). Sunday displayed the highest risk of @entity204 (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.44). With the Monday day-shift as a reference, the @entity204 odds were increased during the Sunday and Saturday day-shifts, the evening-shifts on Sunday and Monday, and during all night-shifts. The night-shift ORs ranged from 1.94 (95% CI 1.56 to 2.41) to 2.14 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.63). When compared to admission at 8:00 we observed increased @entity204 odds from midnight until 7:00 and decreased @entity204 odds from 14:00 until 18:00. CONCLUSIONS: Weekends represent a period of increased @entity204 risk for @entity64 @entity1 in the Netherlands. However, this increased risk appears to represent an exacerbation of an underlying night-time risk present during the weekdays.

title: A multifaceted look at time of admission and its impact on case-fatality among a cohort of @entity64 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of cannabinoid receptor I ( @entity14650 ) during @entity19 skin incised wound healing course and time-dependent changes of @entity14650 in wound age determination. METHODS: The changes of CBIR expression in skin incised wound were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: The control group showed a low expression of @entity14650 detected mainly in epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous gland and dermomuscular layer. @entity14650 expression was undetectable in neutrophils in the wound specimens from 6h to 12h @entity130 . @entity14650 positive cells were mostly mononuclear cells (MNCs) and fibroblastic cells (FBCs) from 1 d to 5 d @entity130 . @entity14650 positive cells were mostly FBCs from 7 d to 14d @entity130 . The ratio of the @entity14650 positive cells increased gradually in the wound specimens from 6 h to 3 d @entity130 , reached peak level at 5 d, and then decreased gradually from 7d to 14 d @entity130 . The positive bands of @entity14650 were observed in all time points of the wound healing course by Western blotting. The expression peak showed at 5 d @entity130 . CONCLUSION: @entity14650 is activated during the wound healing course. The expression of @entity14650 is found in mononuclear cells, which could be involved in @entity32 reaction. CBIR is observed in fibroblastic cells, which could participate in the wound healing. @entity14650 may be a potentially useful marker for determination of wound healing age.

title: [Expression of cannabinoid receptor I during XXXX skin incised wound healing course].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The knowledge of GRPs as molecular chaperones is rapidly evolving. It is anticipated that the GRPs will make special contributions in the areas of basic cell biology, biotechnology, and @entity5 biology. In particular, they may play a role as the prototype of a class of genes that are regulated by signal transduction pathways originating in the ER and traveling to the nucleus. @entity1477 and @entity19892 function as molecular chaperones and can bind to malfolded proteins and unassembled complexes. They are induced in response to stress, but once the stress is removed the GRPs are posttranscriptionally modified into biologically inactive forms. The promoters of the @entity6501 genes are highly conserved, with several CCAAT-like motifs and GC-rich regions. The high level of redundancy that exists in the @entity1 @entity6501 promoters may act to ensure that the expression of the genes, both of which are single copy, is unlikely to be significantly lowered in the event of mutation. These genes are thought to be controlled by several transcription factors whose complex interactions with the @entity6501 promoters allow variable patterns of @entity6501 induction. The promoters of the @entity6501 genes constitutively express their gene products, and their promoter activities can be further enhanced in cellular environments of low @entity413 or @entity26 . The @entity1477 promoter is known to retain its strong activity in differentiated and undifferentiated tissues. These features make it an attractive alternative to viral promoters for use in gene therapy. Gene therapy may also be useful in treating @entity5 in some cases, especially solid @entity5 . In these instances, @entity6501 levels are already likely to be quite high. These high levels of GRPs may inhibit the efficacy of several anti- @entity5 treatments. Suppression of @entity6501 induction, perhaps by anti-sense or ribozyme technology, may prove to be useful in conjunction with anti- @entity5 drugs to treat @entity5 .

title: The XXXX -regulated proteins ( @entity1477 and @entity19892 ): functions, gene regulation, and applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: A detailed analysis was made of the changes in @entity235 myocardium, with time of occlusion, in several important metabolites such as @entity1734 and @entity855 (luminometry), inorganic @entity4613 (spectrophotometry), and most of the @entity3042 and @entity2125 (high performance liquid chromatography). Within 1 min there was a significant reduction in @entity1734 and a significant increase in inorganic @entity4613 , @entity857 , and @entity860 . A decrease in @entity855 became apparent after 4 min, concomitant with a progressive rise in the @entity2642 , which reached almost 50% of the total @entity3042 after 64 min of occlusion. The formation of @entity3625 was detectable in 50% only of all animals, suggesting a lack of active @entity8742 phosphorylase in the others. @entity2125 , although decreasing slightly, was by far the most constant of all variables measured during at least 30 min of ischaemia. Therefore, this component is suggested to be a useful internal standard, thus minimising analytical and biological variations. @entity16879 , a potent @entity8742 transport inhibitor (I50 3 X 10(-8) mol X litre-1), when given orally at 2.5 mg X kg-1, did not affect any of the changes with the exception of the @entity2642 , where the drug completely inverts the @entity859 to @entity14572 ratio. The contribution of @entity859 to the total @entity2642 changed from 20% in the controls to 80% with treatment during at least 16 min of occlusion, there being no overlap between the groups. It is concluded therefore that @entity859 is not deaminated in the cell where it is produced. It is not yet clear how this notable effect of @entity16879 could be linked to its remarkable protective effect against ischaemia.

title: Changes in @entity1734 , inorganic @entity4613 , and the purine pattern in @entity235 hearts with time of coronary artery occlusion and effect thereon of XXXX , a @entity8742 transport inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide', 'Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity16879 :: ('MESH:C041518', 'Chemical') :: ['mioflazine', 'Mioflazine']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity16879 :: (MESH:C041518,Chemical) :: ['mioflazine']