abstract: @entity5734 is a @entity1071 characterized by the expansion of neoplastic B-cells expressing the @entity2902 chain of the @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) system that is recognized by anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and binds @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) with low affinity. In the present study we investigated leukemic @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ) for the presence of the @entity3647 @entity2902 chain which binds @entity1199 with intermediate affinity and plays a crucial role in transducing the message to the cell. For this purpose, we tested highly enriched leukemic @entity5734 from six @entity5734 @entity1 for the presence of @entity2902 transcripts and for the expression of the @entity2902 and @entity3647 @entity2902 chains on their surface membrane by flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation analyses. The functional role of @entity1199 in the regulation of @entity5734 proliferation was also investigated. Our results indicate that freshly isolated @entity5734 express detectable messages for both the @entity3647 @entity2902 and the @entity2902 @entity2902 . Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated detectable levels of @entity3647 @entity2902 on the @entity5734 from all @entity1 tested. A mixture of two specific mAb was able to immunoprecipitate detectable amounts of @entity3647 @entity2902 from leukemic @entity5734 . When leukemic @entity5734 were cultured in the presence of several concentrations of @entity1199 a low proliferative response was observed. Moreover, the @entity1199 -driven proliferation of @entity5734 was markedly inhibited by anti- @entity3647 @entity2902 mAb and to a lesser extent by anti- @entity2902 @entity2902 mAb. These findings provide direct evidence of the expression of different @entity1199 receptors on leukemic @entity5734 and suggest that these molecules might play a role in leukemic cell growth.

title: Expression and functional role of the @entity3647 XXXX receptor chain on leukemic @entity5734 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cells', 'HC', 'Hairy cell leukemia', 'hairy cell leukemia']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: In recent years, efforts toward cost containment have been emphasized in order to reduce health care costs. One area to be examined for cost containment is the field of antibiotics because of their escalating costs and the degree of inappropriate use. In June of 1985, an @entity4028 substitution program was initiated wherein @entity801 was automatically substituted for @entity2890 unless the physician specifically stated otherwise. Specific guidelines for @entity2890 use were not established. The purpose of the study was to develop guidelines for the appropriate use of @entity2890 and to determine the cost savings of the substitution program. A list was prepared of all @entity1 who had received either @entity801 or @entity2890 between July 1, 1985 and December 31, 1985. The health records of every fourth @entity1 receiving @entity801 and all @entity1 receiving @entity2890 were retrospectively reviewed in depth. The remainder of the @entity801 cases were given a cursory review for substitutions from written @entity2890 orders. Costs for both drugs were calculated from pharmacy drug acquisition records. Nine courses of @entity2890 and 390 courses of @entity801 were found. Thirty-two @entity801 courses were substituted for @entity2890 . Cost savings for the substituted @entity801 was approximately  1200 (45%). Additional savings would have been realized had four @entity2890 courses been changed to @entity801 when culture and sensitivity results were reported. The cost of instituting the substitution was negligible. Guidelines for appropriate @entity2890 use are presented.

title: Financial impact of an XXXX substitution program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the risk of radiation-induced changes in the lung before single-dose treatment (stereotactic body radiation therapy [SBRT]) of @entity2 , the quantitative dose-response and volume-response relations must be known. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 64 @entity1 treated for @entity1149 with single doses of 20-30 Gy were classified according to the occurrence or nonoccurrence of perifocal changes in the lung detected by CT. @entity1 without @entity137 events in the lung were required to have >or=6 months of follow-up. The mean dose (D(mean)) in the ipsilateral lung and the volume receiving >7 or 10 Gy (V7 and V10, respectively) were used to calculate the dose-response and volume-response curves. The predictive value of additional variables was also investigated. RESULTS: Of the 64 @entity1 , 83% exhibited the selected endpoint. The tolerance values at a 50% probability of @entity137 events were 1.2 +/- 0.7 Gy for the D(mean) and 5.8 +/- 3.0% and 3.1 +/- 2.0% for V7 and V10, respectively. A nonsignificant shift to higher doses was seen for the dose-response curve for the upper compared with the lower part of the lung. CONCLUSION: The D(mean), V7, and V10 can be used to predict the risk of @entity358 after SBRT treatment of @entity1149 . Because of the lack of @entity1 with low prescribed doses, however, the related uncertainty of this prediction is still relatively large. The D(mean), V7, and V10 are equally well suited. The additional investigated variables did not provide significant advantages. The lower part of the lung appears to be more radiosensitive than the upper.

title: Prediction of radiation-induced changes in the lung after stereotactic body radiation therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung toxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIMS: Chemotherapy with @entity146 focal ablative therapy is now the mainstay of @entity995 therapy. Our experience presents an evolution from conventional radiotherapy by treating posterior pole @entity5 with focal stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy (SRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of five @entity1 (six eyes) treated with SRT at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 and Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada, between 1999 and 2004. The prescribed dose was 40 Gy delivered in 20 fractions once daily using 6 MV photons. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (six eyes) were treated. The median age at the time of SRT was 18 months. The median follow-up was 46.5 months as of September 2004. Four @entity1 were treated for a posterior pole focal @entity5 by focal SRT, and one @entity1 was treated for vitreous seeding with whole-eye SRT. In @entity1 treated with focal SRT, the median doses to the @entity5 , optic chiasm and brainstem were 41.92, 0.25 and 0.07 Gy, respectively, and to the ipsilateral optic nerve, globe and lens were 9.98, 19.11 and 3.74 Gy, respectively. The median doses to the ipsilateral and contralateral orbital bone were 6.73 Gy (range 5.99-8.29 Gy) and 2.31 Gy (range 0.88-7.08 Gy), respectively. A complete response (residual inactive scar tissue) was seen in four of the five focal @entity5 treated, with one @entity5 responding with a partial response (suspicious residual scar tissue). No acute or late side-effects occurred in @entity1 treated with focal SRT. Only the @entity1 treated with whole-eye SRT developed late effects of @entity231 and @entity3283 . One @entity1 suffered recurrence within the radiation field 5 months after focal SRT. Control of this recurrence was successful using chemotherapy and focal therapy. No eye has been enucleated. CONCLUSION: Vision-sparing focal SRT for localised @entity5 masses in critical locations can control @entity5 with minimal side-effects and a minimal dose to the surrounding critical normal tissue.

title: Focal stereotactic external beam radiotherapy as a vision-sparing method for the treatment of peripapillary and perimacular XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulceration']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: Review of 203 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic tapes of 140 @entity1 disclosed 32 @entity1 with 66 episodes of paroxysmal @entity591 . In contrast to classic sustained paroxysmal @entity4710 , these episodes were relatively slow and brief. The median duration was 7 beats and the mean 116 beats/min. All episodes were asymptomatic except for three prolonged paroxysms that produced mild palpitation. Sixty-eight percent (45/66) of these episodes occurred during @entity11705 . This was the most common paroxysmal supraventricular @entity943 observed, and it occurred in @entity1 with a wide variety of cardiac diagnoses. The majority of these episodes appear to arise from an @entity8630 . We conclude that these brief slow @entity955 represent a benign @entity943 . This rhythm disturbance is present in as many as one quarter of cardiac @entity1 undergoing ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. It should not be confused clinically with classic sustained paroxysmal @entity4710 .

title: Benign slow paroxysmal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8630 :: ('MESH:D013612', 'Disease') :: ['atrial ectopic origin']

entities_list: @entity11705 :: ('MESH:C563907', 'Disease') :: ['sleep or sinus bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['atrial tachycardia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the second most common type of @entity5 worldwide and the most frequent among @entity1 , being the fifth cause of death from @entity5 . Since this is an oxidative-stress related @entity5 , it is largely preventable. A dietary @entity3093 abundant in @entity1460 - @entity8139 - is currently being investigated owing to its chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic properties towards the @entity1 MDA-MB-231 (metastatic, @entity172 -unresponsive) and MCF-7 ( @entity172 -responsive) @entity0 cell lines. Biological assays for evaluation of antitumour and anti-invasive activities were combined with state-of-the-art vibrational microspectroscopy techniques. At 50 and 100  M concentrations and 48 h incubation time, @entity8139 was found to induce a marked decrease in cell viability (ca. 50%) for MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells (respectively ca. 50% and 42%) and 40% inhibition of cell migration. MicroRaman analysis of fixed cells upon exposure to this @entity3093 unveiled its metabolic impact on both cell lines. Multivariate data analysis (unsupervised PCA) led to a clear discrimination between the control and DAID-exposed cells, with distinctive effects on their biochemical profile, particularly regarding DNA, lipids and protein components, in a cell-dependent way. This is the first reported study on the impact of dietary antioxidants on @entity5 cells by microRaman techniques.

title: Raman microspectroscopy for probing the impact of a dietary antioxidant on XXXX @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is important to determine the relation among the various lesions in @entity1 presenting with @entity2 to define the best treatment approach. A better understanding of the molecular alterations present in the different lesions may help in defining this relation. METHODS: We performed a detailed molecular analysis of several @entity5 specimens obtained from three @entity1 presenting with @entity358 . Tumor specimens were analyzed for @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity984 mutations by direct DNA sequencing. In addition, a genome-wide chromosomal copy number analysis was performed on DNA extracted from the various lesions using array-based comparative genomic hybridization. RESULTS: In one case, a deletion of 15 base pairs in exon 19 of @entity470 was present in all @entity5 sites analyzed. Furthermore, a similar pattern of chromosomal aberrations was observed among the various lesions, suggesting that they share the same clonal origin. In the other two cases, in contrast, we identified distinct @entity984 genotypes among the various lesions from the same @entity1 . These lesions, moreover, showed different chromosomal aberration patterns, indicating that they may have different underlying pathways of tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION: Our results show that @entity470 and @entity984 mutation analysis, combined with chromosomal copy number profiling, can help in defining the relationship among @entity5 in one @entity1 .

title: Genetic heterogeneity in @entity1 with multiple XXXX : a report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'different tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['multiple malignant lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lung lesions']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['neoplastic lung lesions']


abstract: The case of a 36-year-old @entity1 with a @entity5493 of the duodenum is presented. His history included @entity1087 , @entity111 , and @entity353 . Physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. Laboratory data included @entity417 , @entity12828 , and @entity409 tests. @entity384 was seen on ultrasonography; a filling defect in the duodenum was seen on CT scan, and endoscopic biopsy revealed @entity5493 with @entity1141 . Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and recovery was uneventful. Histopathology confirmed moderate @entity1141 . Review of the literature reveals this to be a rare lesion (less than 1% of @entity19639 ). Local excision has been advocated for small, histologically proven benign, lesions. Where doubt of benignity exists, however, and in the case of "giant" @entity5 (>3.0 cm greatest dimension), pancreatoduodenectomy is indicated.

title: Pancreatoduodenectomy for giant benign XXXX of the ampulla of Vater.

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary ductile dilation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity19639 :: ('MESH:D004379', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['guaiac-positive stool, hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity5493 :: (MESH:D018253,Disease) :: ['villous adenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the mechanism of the pressor action of the chemotactic peptide @entity5037 in the blood perfused Langendorff preparation of the isolated @entity95 heart; and in particular to establish whether the response was dependent on the presence of neutrophils and whether the release of platelet activating factor contributed to the pressor effect. METHODS: An isolated @entity95 heart was perfused with blood from an anesthetised support @entity95 . @entity5037 was injected intra-arterially proximal to the isolated heart and measures of cardiac performance recorded. In some experiments the support animal was depleted of neutrophils by pretreatment with @entity3700 while in others the specific platelet activating factor receptor antagonist @entity6849 was given to the support animal before @entity5037 . Differential blood cell counts were determined throughout the course of each experiment. Each heart was examined histologically after the experiment. RESULTS: @entity5037 caused a significant rise in perfusion pressure which was virtually abolished by leucocyte depletion of the support animal. The response could also be reduced by about 80% with intravenous @entity6849 . Histological examination of the perfused hearts showed that the number of accumulated neutrophils was very variable and not correlated with the rise in perfusion pressure. There was no significant difference between control hearts and those receiving @entity6849 . CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm previous reports that the response to @entity5037 is neutrophil dependent and show that this model of a blood perfused heart can be used successfully to examine the response to a leucocyte dependent stimulus. The results also suggest that the response to @entity5037 may not only be due to physical obstruction of the coronary circulation or "neutrophil plugging", but may also be due to the release of platelet activating factor.

title: @entity6849 inhibits neutrophil dependent increases in coronary resistance in blood perfused XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine', 'formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Circulating levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ) in plasma were measured in gauging activity in @entity29 ( @entity29 ). One hundred-fifteen adult @entity29 @entity1 were studied cross-sectionally and prospectively, 48 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 67 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ). Sequential samples of plasma were assayed for @entity3549 by specific radioimmunoassay. Sixty males and 55 females, ranging in age from 22 to 76 years were studied over six months. The results revealed a strong, positive association between @entity3549 levels and clinical activity, both at baseline (r = 0.38, P less than 0.001) and follow-up (r = .41, P less than 0.001). The ability of the @entity3549 immunoassay to gauge clinical activity was also evaluated where @entity3549 concentrations above 30 pg/ml were defined as abnormal. At baseline, sensitivity (specificity) was found to be 81% (55%). The predictive value of a positive (negative) test was 57% (80%). These estimates did not differ at follow-up. Examination of paired plasma samples from intermittently active @entity1 revealed nearly twofold increases (P less than 0.05) in @entity3549 concentration during active periods of disease. The data suggest that plasma @entity3549 levels may be a valuable laboratory parameter in gauging activity in @entity29 .

title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide as a laboratory supplement to clinical activity index in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: @entity375 mutants lacking vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) subunits (vma mutants) were sensitive to several different oxidants in a recent genomic screen (Thorpe, G. W., Fong, C. S., Alic, N., Higgins, V. J., and Dawes, I. W. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101, 6564-6569). We confirmed that mutants lacking a V(1) subunit (vma2Delta), V(o) subunit, or either of the two V(o) a subunit isoforms are acutely sensitive to @entity274 and more sensitive to @entity8197 and @entity13131 than wild-type cells. The vma2Delta mutant contains elevated levels of reactive @entity26 species and high levels of oxidative protein damage even in the absence of an applied oxidant, suggesting an endogenous source of oxidative stress. vma2Delta mutants lacking mitochondrial DNA showed neither improved growth nor decreased sensitivity to @entity2625 , excluding respiration as the major source of the endogenous reactive @entity26 species in the mutant. Double mutants lacking both @entity42569 and components of the major cytosolic defense systems exhibited synthetic sensitivity to @entity274 . Microarray analysis comparing wild-type and vma2Delta mutant cells grown at pH 5, permissive conditions for the vma2Delta mutant, indicated high level up-regulation of several @entity68 uptake and metabolism genes that are part of the @entity22540 /Aft2 regulon. @entity42570 , which encodes an isoform of the cytosolic thioredoxin peroxidase, was strongly induced, but other oxidative stress defense systems were not induced. The results indicate that V-ATPase activity helps to protect cells from endogenous oxidative stress.

title: Loss of vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase activity in XXXX results in chronic oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: In this review, the mechanism of our "toxic environment's" effects on @entity2690 and @entity1017 in the genesis of @entity28 is elaborated. The composition of our diet is highly insulinogenic. The @entity2690 drives energy into fat, and interferes with leptin signaling in the VMH. This results in @entity1017 and the sense of starvation, which results in decreased SNS activity, reducing energy expenditure and physical activity; and increased vagal activity, which promotes yet further @entity2690 release and energy storage. Thus, @entity3190 turns the leptin negative feedback system into a "vicious cycle" of @entity28 (see Figure 3, page 905). Externally, this appears as "gluttony and sloth" but it is biochemically driven. How does this work? A thin, @entity2690 -sensitive, 13-year-old @entity1 might consume a daily allotment of 2,000 kcal, and burn 2,000 kcal daily (or 50 kcal/kg fat-free mass) in order to remain weight-stable, with a stable leptin level. However, if that same 13-year-old became @entity1717 and/or @entity2690 resistant, perhaps as many as 250 kcal of the daily allotment would be shunted to storage in adipose tissue, promoting a persistent obligate @entity1017 . Due to the obligate energy storage, he now only has 1,750 kcal per day to burn. The @entity3190 also results in a lower level of leptin signal transduction, conveying a CNS signal of energy insufficiency. The remaining calories available are lower than his energy expenditure; the CNS would sense starvation. Through decreased SNS tone, he would reduce his physical activity, resulting in decreased quality of life; and through increased vagal tone, he would increase caloric intake and @entity2690 secretion, but now at a much higher level. Thus, the vicious cycle of gluttony, sloth, and @entity28 is promulgated. Is this personal responsibility, when a kid's brain thinks it's starving? Is it personal responsibility when the American Academy of Pediatrics still recommends juice for toddlers? Is it personal responsibility when the @entity1 , @entity1 and @entity1 program subsidizes fruit juice but not fruit? Is it personal responsibility when the first ingredient in the barbecue sauce is high- @entity948 @entity4336 syrup? Is it personal responsibility when high-fiber fresh produce is unavailable in poor neighborhoods? Is it personal responsibility when the local fast food restaurant is the only neighborhood venue that is clean and air-conditioned? Is it personal responsibility when in order to meet the criteria for No @entity1 Left Behind, the school does away with physical education class? Is it personal responsibility when @entity1 are not allowed out of the house to play for fear of crime? We must get the @entity2690 down. Fixing the "toxic environment" by altering the food supply and promoting physical activity for all @entity1 can't be done by government, and won't be done by Big Food. This will require a grassroots, bottom-up effort on the part of parents and community leaders. We as pediatricians must lead the way.

title: The 'skinny' on childhood XXXX : how our western environment starves kids' brains.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Infant', 'Children', 'Women', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIMS: To determine whether @entity4148 is an important factor contributing to mortality in @entity6 . METHODS: Between 1989 and 1993, 431 @entity1 and 181 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were given @entity65 reflex (CVR) tests. These subjects were followed for the subsequent 5--9 years to assess mortality rates. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of abnormal CVR tests was 46.1% in @entity1 with the history of @entity6 than 5 years and up to 69.4% when the history of @entity6 exceeded 20 years. During the follow-up period from 1 January 1989 to 31 December 1997 (mean 7.7 years), a total of 135 @entity1 died. The 8-year survival rate for @entity1 with abnormal CVR tests was 63.6% in males and 76.4% in females, compared with 80.9 and 93.3% for @entity1 with normal CVR tests. The results were grouped as: group 1, normal CVR tests without @entity551 ( @entity551 ); group 2, normal CVR tests with @entity551 ; group 3, abnormal CVR tests without @entity551 ; and group 4, abnormal CVR tests with @entity551 . The 8-year survival rate was 85.4% in group 1, 80.9% in group 2, 74.5% in group 3 and 61.1% in group 4. CONCLUSION: @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with abnormal CVR tests may have increased mortality, and those combined with @entity551 have higher mortality than those without. Abnormal CVR tests may be important predictors of mortality in @entity6 .

title: Abnormal cardiovascular reflex tests are predictors of mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes less', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['postural hypotension', 'PHT']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic autonomic neuropathy cardiovascular']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity1 infections involving @entity375 of the genus Candida often occur in the presence of bacteria, and, as such, it is important to understand how these bacteria influence innate host immunity towards Candida. @entity9651 is a cell receptor of macrophages for @entity5132 recognition. The aim of this study was to examine @entity9651 expression by monocytes after stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by heat-killed @entity5132 (HKC). Freshly isolated @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and @entity1 monocytes cell line (THP-1) cells expressed low levels of @entity9651 . Stimulation with LPS and @entity2841 / @entity3646 was found to increase @entity9651 expression in both @entity5750 (+) @entity1 PBMC and THP-1 cells. Enhanced @entity9651 expression resulted in increased phagocytosis of Candida. When THP-1 cells were challenged only with HKC, detectable levels of @entity4452 were not evident. However, challenge by LPS followed by varying concentrations of HKC resulted in increased @entity4452 expression by THP-1 cells in HKC dose-dependent manner. Increased expression of @entity4155 by PBMC also occurred after stimulation with Candida and LPS. In conclusion, bacterial LPS induces an enhanced immune response to Candida by immune cells, and this occurs through increasing @entity9651 expression.

title: Role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in enhancing host immune response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether vascular alterations are associated with the presence and progression of @entity570 in a large prospective cohort study. METHODS: In this population-based study involving @entity1 aged 55 years and older (Rotterdam Study I), @entity1 (n=2372) and @entity1 (n=3278) were analysed separately. x-Rays of the knee, hip and hand were scored using the Kellgren and Lawrence score for @entity571 at baseline, after 6.6 years and 10 years. Measures of @entity731 (carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and carotid plaque) and data on covariates (age, body mass index, @entity101 , @entity165 ratio, @entity6 and smoking) were collected at baseline. Multivariate logistic regression models with generalised estimated equations were used to calculate OR and corresponding 95% CI. Secondary multiple comparison adjustment resulted in a significance level of p<0.0021. RESULTS: In @entity1 , @entity121 showed an independent association with the prevalence of knee @entity571 (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.7, 1.1 to 2.7), and carotid plaque with distal interphalangeal (DIP) @entity571 (aOR 1.4, 1.2 to 1.7) and with @entity571 (aOR 1.5, 1.1 to 2.2). An independent association for @entity121 with progression of @entity571 was found in @entity1 (aOR 2.9, 1.18 to 6.93). Additional adjustment for multiple testing yielded a significant association between carotid plaque and @entity571 in @entity1 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed independent associations of @entity731 with @entity626 in @entity1 . The evidence was most solid for a relation with @entity571 . More research is needed to confirm the associations and examine the differential association with various joints.

title: Association of XXXX with presence and progression of @entity571 : the Rotterdam Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee and hand joints']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['DIP osteoarthritis', 'metacarpophalangeal osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intima media thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee, the hip and the different hand joints']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To explore the prognostic factors and discuss the surgical indications of @entity7667 . Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity7667 were surgically treated at our hospital between 2006 and 2014. The clinical, radiological, operative, and pathological findings of these @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. The 3-years overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 90.5  % and 68.4  %, respectively. Four @entity1 (4/18, 22  %) experienced a recurrence with a mean recurrence-free survival of 5.5  months and a mean follow-up of 37  months. Three @entity1 died of surgery-related complications. Three growth patterns were identified: exophytic (6/21), intrinsic (2/21), and endo-exophytic (13/21). Eight @entity1 (8/15, 53  %) harbored a @entity817 @entity8554 mutation. All recurrent @entity5 were endo-exophytic, and except the one without molecular information, were @entity817 @entity8554 mutants. A Cox hazard proportion ratio model was used to identify factors influencing EFS, including sex, age, location, growth patterns, extent of resection (EOR), and @entity817 @entity8554 mutation status. On univariate analysis, none of these factors reached statistical significance. Among them, EOR and growth patterns were strongly associated with each other ( @entity16043 's exact test, P  <  0.01). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that growth patterns were the only factor associated with EFS (P  =  0.02; HR 49.05; 95  % CI 1.76-1365.13). Growth patterns may be useful to select surgery candidates and predict prognosis for @entity1 with @entity7667 . @entity817 @entity8554 was frequently present and appeared to be associated with shorter recurrence-free survival. Studies on @entity817 @entity8554 -targeted therapy for @entity1 with high surgical risks are needed.

title: XXXX : prognostic factors, surgical indications and functional outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem gangliogliomas', 'brainstem ganglioglioma']

answer: @entity7667 :: (MESH:D018303,Disease) :: ['Brainstem gangliogliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Appropriate @entity737 ( @entity737 ) therapy for @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) depends, in part, on the programming of @entity591 zones. OBJECTIVE: We assessed events treated with @entity1457 or antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) in the Inhibition of Unnecessary RV Pacing with AV Search Hysteresis in ICDs (INTRINSIC RV) trial. METHODS: @entity855 and @entity1457 episodes from 1530 @entity1 with dual-chamber ICDs were analyzed. RESULTS: For episodes in which electrograms were stored and adjudicated, @entity855 was delivered for 763 episodes (182 @entity1 ), @entity1457 -only was delivered for 300 episodes (146 @entity1 ), and @entity1457 following @entity855 was delivered for 81 episodes (56 @entity1 ). @entity855 was delivered appropriately for 507 episodes (130 @entity1 ), with 93% success, and inappropriately for 256 episodes (89 @entity1 ). For @entity855 episodes, appropriate ( @entity1165 : 170    28 bpm) and inappropriate (not @entity1165 : 165    21 bpm) rates did not differ (P = .16). When the initial therapy was @entity1457 , onset rates were higher for appropriate therapy than for inappropriate therapy (224    46 bpm vs 187    31 bpm; P <.001). Inappropriate @entity855 was more likely to be followed by a @entity1457 (odds ratio 2.49; 95% confidence interval 1.56-3.97; P <.001). Fifty-eight percent (225 of 381) of shocked episodes had rates <200 bpm. For episodes between 200 and 250 bpm, 20% (23 of 113) were polymorphic @entity1165 or @entity2224 , 59% were monomorphic @entity1165 , 19% were supraventricular, and <1% was artifact. For episodes >250 bpm, 37% were @entity2224 , 28% polymorphic @entity1165 , 23% monomorphic @entity1165 , 7% supraventricular, and 5% artifact. CONCLUSIONS: In a general @entity737 population, @entity855 treated @entity1165 effectively or obviated the need for @entity1457 . Most @entity943 <250 bpm were not @entity2224 . Proper zone programming may identify and treat @entity1165 without @entity1457 .

title: @entity943 rate distribution and @entity591 therapy in an XXXX population: results from the INTRINSIC RV trial.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['shock', 'ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['ICD']


abstract: A prospective, controlled, double-blind study was designed to evaluate the effect of @entity134 treatment on the natural history of @entity4401 . Fifty-one @entity1 were included in the study between 1972 and 1974. The @entity1 were evaluated and started on treatment within two days of onset of @entity4401 and followed for six months. Treatment was given in randomized double-blind fashion and consisted of either @entity2221 or a total of 410 mg of @entity229 plus @entity2221 in descending doses over 10 days. The recovery of facial motor function was determined by three physicians who had no knowledge of the treatment received by the @entity1 . They examined photographs of the @entity1 taken six months after onset of @entity912 in eight positions of facial function and categorized them as to complete fair, or poor recovery of facial function. These results of this evaluation were submitted to the biostatistician who broke the treatment code. The results of this study demonstrate no statistically significant beneficial effect of @entity134 therapy upon recovery from @entity4401 . Factors considered included the @entity1 ' age, sex, the presence of @entity158 , @entity30205 , @entity7804 , @entity6 , @entity101 , the progression and degree of palsy, the results of nerve excitability and salivary flow tests, and the time at which recovery was first noted or became complete. @entity4401 remains without a proven efficacious treatment.

title: The use of steroids in XXXX : a prospective controlled study.

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['hyperacusis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']


abstract: @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) have unfavorable prognosis and require innovative therapeutic approaches. In this study we used @entity3118 combined with a middle dose of @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ), @entity2664 and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) as a salvage therapy for @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 in China. Forty-five @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 were treated with the Mito-FLAG regimen consisting of @entity2664 (7 mg/m(2), day 1, 3 and 5), @entity3118 (30 mg/m(2), days 1-5), @entity2592 (1 g/m(2), over 3 h every 12 h, days 1-5) and @entity1261 [5  g/kg/day subcutaneously from day 0 until the white blood count (WBC) was >20 10(9)/l]. @entity1 with a partial response (PR) received another course of the same regimen. @entity1 with a suitable donor and aged <50 years received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo- @entity12497 ). Twenty-three @entity1 (51%) and 3 @entity1 (7%) achieved complete remission (CR) and PR, respectively, following one or two courses of Mito-FLAG, and the overall response (OR) rate was 58%. Nine @entity1 (20%) received allo- @entity12497 and 4 @entity1 (9%) succumbed early. @entity1503 and @entity281 were the most prominent @entity137 of this regimen. Other @entity137 included @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity548 , @entity3638 , @entity8 and @entity943 . The probability of overall survival (OS) at 4 years was 19% (95% CI, 11-26%) and the probability of 4-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 29% for all 23 @entity1 in CR (95% CI, 18-41%). Our data suggest that Mito-FLAG is a highly effective and well-tolerated salvage regimen for relapsed @entity3052 .

title: Clinical study of Mito-FLAG regimen in treatment of relapsed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'Ara-C']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: During studies on gene expression in the kidney, we unexpectedly observed that @entity19 kidney expresses a truncated form of @entity12811 mRNA (1.3-1.4 kb). This transcript was not associated with the presence of complete @entity12811 mRNA (1.7 kb) or detectable @entity12813 or -delta transcripts, thus indicating that the truncated @entity12811 mRNA could not be attributed to blood contamination of the kidney RNA preparation. The truncated @entity12811 message appeared to contain at least the C alpha region, as suggested by hybridization with an intra-C alpha 24 oligonucleotide probe, by amplification of the C alpha region with the polymerase chain reaction from total kidney mRNA, and by sequencing of, and hybridization with, the amplified products. In situ hybridization of kidney sections indicated that the transcript was expressed in interstitial cells. Northern blots of cortex and medulla RNA showed that the cells expressing the truncated @entity12811 mRNA were predominantly located in the medulla. To investigate the possibility that the transcript was not produced by T cells or NK cells, fractionation of renal cell suspensions were performed. The truncated @entity12811 mRNA was detected in a fraction containing large (low buoyant density) cells in which no expression of @entity31887 , @entity3512 , or @entity11386 was detected, indicating that these cells are not mature T cells, do not express a functional TCR, and are not NK cells. The cells expressing the truncated @entity12811 mRNA were radiosensitive, and were not thymus dependent, because this transcript was as abundant in @entity19 as in normal @entity19 . The transcript was not detected in bone marrow. Expression of the truncated @entity12811 mRNA was not dependent on an intact recombinase activity as its expression was not affected by the severe combined @entity465 mutation. Our results show that @entity19 kidney contains a population of radiosensitive thymus-independent large interstitial cells that express a truncated @entity12811 mRNA that is not associated with surface expression of functional TCR. These cells may have attempted to rearrange @entity12811 genes, suggesting that they may be related to the lymphoid lineage.

title: Thymus-independent expression of a truncated T cell receptor-alpha mRNA in XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Japanese @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity480 (CRSwNP), differing from European and U.S. @entity1 , are suggested to show two distinct phenotypes: Th2-polarized and Th1-shifted immunity. The purpose of this study was to conduct clinical subgrouping of CRSwNP based on inflammatory cell infiltration, which was evaluated and supported by clinical backgrounds and immunological characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: One hundred thirty Japanese @entity1 with CRSwNP were classified by the infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils in @entity480 . Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 42 @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1 were classified into three groups: 1) 42 @entity1 with eosinophilic type, 2) 27 @entity1 with neutrophilic type, and 3) 61 @entity1 with noneosinophilic nonneutrophilic type. Both the number of serum eosinophils and the recurrence rates were significantly higher in the eosinophilic group compared to the other two groups. The IgE value was significantly higher in the eosinophilic group, followed by the noneosinophilic nonneutrophilic and neutrophilic groups. Both the symptomatic and CT scores were significantly greater in the eosinophilic group than in the neutrophilic group. The expressions of eotaxin, @entity4155 , @entity5089 , and @entity469 were greater in the eosinophilic group than in the other two groups. CONCLUSION: The eosinophilic CRSwNP phenotype is clinically characterized by serum @entity1712 , @entity66 , and poor prognosis compared to the neutrophilic and the noneosinophilic nonneutrophilic groups. We clearly demonstrated that all three subgroups of CRSwNP had characteristic differences in those inflammatory markers, which allows for pathophysiologically meaningful differentiations with likely therapeutic consequences.

title: Subclassification of chronic rhinosinusitis with XXXX based on eosinophil and neutrophil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopy, extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyp']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Liver biopsy, the current clinical gold standard for @entity82 assessment, is invasive and has sampling errors, and is not optimal for screening, monitoring, or clinical decision-making. @entity82 is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins including type I collagen. We hypothesize that molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a probe targeted to type I collagen could provide a direct and non-invasive method of @entity82 assessment. METHODS: Liver @entity82 was induced in @entity35 with @entity107 and in @entity19 with @entity4314 . Animals were imaged prior to and immediately following i.v. administration of either collagen-targeted probe EP-3533 or non-targeted control @entity7241 . Magnetic resonance (MR) signal washout characteristics were evaluated from T1 maps and T1-weighted images. Liver tissue was subjected to pathologic scoring of @entity82 and analyzed for @entity2287 and @entity720 . RESULTS: EP-3533-enhanced MR showed greater signal intensity on delayed imaging (normalized signal enhancement @entity19 : control=0.39    0.04, fibrotic=0.55    0.03, p<0.01) and slower signal washout in the fibrotic liver compared to controls (liver t(1/2)=51.3    3.6 vs. 42.0    2.5 min, p<0.05 and 54.5    1.9 vs. 44.1    2.9 min, p<0.01 for fibrotic vs. controls in @entity35 and @entity19 models, respectively). @entity7241 -enhanced MR could not distinguish fibrotic from control animals. EP-3533 @entity2287 concentration in the liver showed strong positive correlations with @entity720 levels (r=0.74 ( @entity35 ), r=0.77 ( @entity19 )) and with Ishak scoring (r=0.84 ( @entity35 ), r=0.79 ( @entity19 )). CONCLUSIONS: Molecular MRI of @entity1575 with a collagen-specific probe identifies fibrotic tissue in two rodent models of disease.

title: Molecular MR imaging of @entity1575 : a feasibility study using @entity35 and XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are limited data on paediatric @entity645 care and treatment programmes in low-resource settings. METHODS: A standardized survey was completed by International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate @entity791 paediatric cohort sites in the regions of Asia-Pacific (AP), Central Africa (CA), East Africa (EA), Southern Africa (SA) and West Africa (WA) to understand operational resource availability and paediatric management practices. Data were collected through January 2010 using a secure, web-based software program (REDCap). RESULTS: A total of 64,552 @entity1 were under care at 63 clinics (AP, N=10; CA, N=4; EA, N=29; SA, N=10; WA, N=10). Most were in urban settings (N=41, 65%) and received funding from governments (N=51, 81%), PEPFAR (N=34, 54%), and/or the Global Fund (N=15, 24%). The majority were combined adult-paediatric clinics (N=36, 57%). Prevention of mother-to- @entity1 transmission was integrated at 35 (56%) sites; 89% (N=56) had access to DNA PCR for @entity1 diagnosis. African (N=40/53) but not Asian sites recommended exclusive breastfeeding up until 4-6 months. Regular laboratory monitoring included @entity404 (N=60, 95%), and viral load (N=24, 38%). Although 42 (67%) sites had the ability to conduct acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears, 23 (37%) sites could conduct AFB cultures and 18 (29%) sites could conduct @entity378 drug susceptibility testing. Loss to follow-up was defined as >3 months of lost contact for 25 (40%) sites, >6 months for 27 sites (43%) and >12 months for 6 sites (10%). Telephone calls (N=52, 83%) and outreach worker home visits to trace @entity1 lost to follow-up (N=45, 71%) were common. CONCLUSIONS: In general, there was a high level of @entity1 and laboratory monitoring within this multiregional paediatric cohort consortium that will facilitate detailed observational research studies. Practices will continue to be monitored as the WHO/UNAIDS Treatment 2.0 framework is implemented.

title: A survey of paediatric @entity645 programmatic and clinical management practices in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa--the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate XXXX (IeDEA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6573 is a systemic @entity3217 of dermatological interest due to the frequency of @entity3137 . The involvement of the external @entity4998 is extremely rare and few cases have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of @entity75 in @entity6573 @entity1 , identify clinical characteristics and compare with what is observed in the specific literature. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with focus on paracoccidioiodomycosis @entity1 with @entity75 . The demographic and clinical aspects of cases were compared with what has been reported so far on LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE data bases. RESULTS: Data of 483 cases of @entity6573 were studied in a 42-year period. Six (1.2%) @entity1 showed specific lesions on external @entity4998 . Five @entity1 were male with mean age of 47.2 years and all of them presented with the chronic multifocal clinical form. Only one, a 15-year-old female @entity1 was observed who showed a subacute clinical form, juvenile type. CONCLUSION: Compromise of the genitourinary tract among @entity6573 @entity1 is rare and even rarer when only the external @entity4998 are considered. As observed in the classical picture of @entity6573 @entity1 , the male gender and the chronic multifocal clinical form prevailed in the present study.

title: @entity6573 of external XXXX : report of six new cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['genitalia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['external genitalia lesions']

entities_list: @entity6573 :: ('MESH:D010229', 'Disease') :: ['Paracoccidioidomycosis', 'paracoccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous and mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity4998 :: (MESH:D012734,Disease) :: ['genitalia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacies of displaced @entity174 with operative treatment. METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2010, 103 @entity9066 @entity1 (92 males, 11 females) were recruited. The mean age was 45.8 years old (range: 23 - 65). All received operative treatment. They included left @entity9066 @entity174 (n = 51), right @entity9066 @entity174 (n = 40) and bilateral @entity9066 @entity174 (n = 12). All @entity1 were of closed @entity174 . According to the Sanders classification, there were type II (n = 15), type III (n = 75) and type IV (n = 13). A modified lateral approach with profiled plate fixation was adopted for all. Partial weight-bearing occurred at 6 weeks and full weight-bearing at 12 weeks. Function assessment was made with the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale (AOFAS). RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 18 months (range: 6 - 30) and the mean healing duration 12 weeks (range: 8 - 15). Two cases had incision dehiscence. After the removal of plate, the skin healed. Eight cases were associated with @entity625 and @entity158 walking. Three cases of caved @entity9066 surface appeared after weight-bearing. According to the AOFAS foot score, the outcomes were excellent (n = 83), good (n = 13), fair (n = 5) and poor (n = 2). And the excellent and good rate was 93.2%. CONCLUSION: With a modified lateral approach, displaced intra- @entity9066 @entity174 may be treated with a satisfactory clinical efficacy.But an orthopedic surgeon should master skillful surgical techniques.

title: [Operative treatment of displaced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['subtalus arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'intra-calcaneal fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['intra-calcaneal fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the severity of @entity71 , @entity2915 , and impulsivity symptoms in @entity1 with obstructive airway problems scheduled to undergo adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy operation. The effects of the surgical treatment on these symptoms will also be investigated in a case-control design. METHODS: This prospective study included 63 @entity1 (29 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 ) who were operated on at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dicle University Medical School, between January 2010 and May 2011 because of obstructive symptoms caused by adenoid or @entity1184 . The age range of the @entity1 was between 4 and 13 years. The control group consisted of 33 (17 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ) healthy @entity1 . RESULTS: Among the @entity1 , 15 @entity1 underwent adenoidectomy because of @entity1184 ; 13 @entity1 had adenotonsillectomy because of @entity1184 , and the remaining @entity1 underwent adenotonsillectomy related with @entity102 with @entity1184 . Based on the preoperative data, statistically significant difference was observed between the @entity1 and control groups. The @entity1 ' @entity71 , @entity2915 , and impulsivity symptoms preoperatively and postoperatively have shown statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Attention deficit, @entity2915 , and impulsivity symptoms were common among the @entity1 who show signs of @entity1224 due to @entity1184 . Adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy operations were both observed to be associated with improvement in these symptoms.

title: Evaluation of @entity2915 , XXXX , and impulsivity before and after adenoidectomy/adenotonsillectomy surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['adenotonsillar hypertrophy', 'adenoid hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic or recurrent tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention deficit']


abstract: The present study compared object and action naming in @entity1 with @entity195 . We tested the hypothesis put forward in (some) previous studies that in @entity195 the production of verbs, that is required in action naming, is better preserved than the production of nouns, that is required in object naming. The possible reason for the dissociation is that verbs are supported predominantly by frontal brain structures that may remain relatively better preserved in early @entity195 . Objects, on the other hand, are supported by temporal lobe structures that are affected early in the disease. An alternative hypothesis, which is supported by other studies, is that action naming is more impaired than object naming due to verbs being semantically more complex than nouns. In order to test these contrasting hypotheses, the present study used more stringent methodology than previous studies. We used a larger set of stimuli with carefully matched object and action items and we collected not only accuracy data but also naming latencies, a measure that is sensitive to even mild lexical retrieval problems. We compared the performance of 19 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 with that of 19 healthy age matched @entity1 . We found that both the @entity1 and the comparison group responded faster and made fewer errors on the object pictures than the action pictures. A qualitative analysis of the naming errors indicated that object and action naming pose different demands for the language system. The results overall suggest that the @entity1 ' performance is an exaggeration of the pattern present in the comparison @entity1 .

title: Is action naming better preserved (than object naming) in XXXX and why should we ask?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's dementia", "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of essential oil inhalation on the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and salivary @entity701 level in 83 @entity1556 and @entity101 subjects. The experimental group (n = 28) was asked to inhale an essential oil blended with lavender, ylang-ylang, marjoram, and neroli (20   :   15   :   10   :   2), whereas the placebo group (n = 27) was asked to inhale an artificial fragrance for 24 hours and the control group received no treatment (n = 28). The @entity13519 (P < .001) and @entity13520 (P = .009) measured at home in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared with the placebo group and the control group after treatment. The daytime @entity13519 during the 24-hour ambulatory BP measurement of the experimental group presented with significant decreases in comparison with the measurements of the placebo group and the control group (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in the nighttime SBPs. The daytime DBPs during the 24-hour ambulatory BP measurements of the experimental group presented with significant decreases in comparison with the measurements of the placebo group and the control group (P = .002). There was no significant difference in the night time DBPs. The experimental group showed significant decreases in the concentration of salivary @entity701 in comparison with the concentrations of the placebo group and the control group (P = .012). In conclusion, the inhalation of an essential oil had immediate and continuous effects on the home @entity13519 , daytime BP, and the stress reduction. Essential oils may have relaxation effects for controlling @entity101 .

title: Essential oil inhalation on blood pressure and salivary @entity701 levels in XXXX and @entity101 subjects.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertensive']

answer: @entity1556 :: (MESH:D058246,Disease) :: ['prehypertensive']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The perinatal mortality rate is 18.5 in the southern part of the Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), of which 2/3 are due to antepartum fetal @entity204 (APFD). METHODS: During a 4-year period (2001-2004) all APFD from 22 weeks gestation were recorded and analyzed with placental histology, bacteriological samples and autopsies in 27% of cases. The Australasian and New-Zealand classification PSANZ-PDC (2000) was used. Risk factors of @entity5617 with monofetal pregnancies are determined in comparison with live births. RESULTS: Out of 21.495 total births, 178 APFD were recorded. The main obstetrical risk factors were primiparity (OR 1.6, p = 0.002), maternal age over 34 years (OR 1.6, p = 0.01), @entity101 disorders of pregnancy (OR 3.0, p < .001) and multiple births (OR 2.5, p < 0.001). The great majority of APFD (76%) involved preterm fetuses, of which 61% of very preterm (<33 weeks), and 25% of fetuses were @entity851 (OR 3.9, p < 0.001). Only 8% of cases were considered unexplained. The main etiologies were infectious causes in 26% of cases, vascular fetal growth restriction (18%), specific perinatal conditions (14%) of which one-third were due to @entity602 , @entity1468 (10%), maternal conditions (8%), @entity154 (8%) and ante-partum @entity548 (7%). We discuss the interests and the limitations of using the Australian and New-Zealand classification PSANZ 2000. Intra-uterine @entity851 is one of the principal risk factors of @entity5617 . CONCLUSION: Besides well-known obstetrical risk factors such as @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity2099 , all screening of @entity851 in the second trimester of pregnancy should include a special survey in order to minimize the incidence of APFDs.

title: [Study of 178 ante partum XXXX in 2001-2004 in the southern part of Reunion Island].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation', 'growth retarded', 'intra-uterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: To confirm that @entity288 are beneficial in the treatment of @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ), 15 @entity1 with the syndrome were evaluated by the same group of physicians over 2 years. All @entity1 had cutaneous and most had @entity3137 . @entity1 were treated with @entity288 ranging from @entity229 40 mg daily to @entity1667 750 mg daily. The same group of physicians participated in the management of these @entity1 until recovery. No @entity204 occurred among the 15 @entity1 . Recovery was complete in all cases, and there was no residual skin, mucosal, or visceral damage except for minimal scarring in one @entity1 . In some cases, reversal of disease after onset of corticosteroid therapy was sufficiently dramatic to demonstrate a benefit. The use of @entity288 in the treatment of @entity6715 remains controversial. We conclude that @entity288 are beneficial in treatment of the syndrome. They may be lifesaving in some @entity1 and should be the standard of therapy. @entity6715 should be considered to be @entity9374 with either @entity4530 or visceral involvement or both.

title: @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ): effectiveness of @entity288 in management and recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bullous lesions']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['erythema multiforme']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity6715 :: (MESH:D013262,Disease) :: ['SJS']


abstract: The success of IVF is related to the number and quality of embryos transferred. In our IVF program we have used two different protocols for superovulation induction. In this study a group of 35 @entity1 was randomized into two groups; the first group (15 @entity1 ) was treated with pure FSH and hMG, in the other (20 @entity1 ) the normal pituitary function was inhibited with @entity7458 before the stimulation with hMG. Ovarian stimulation was monitored by ultrasound examination and endocrine parameters. The RIA determination of @entity53 (17-E2) plasmatic levels is one of the most widely used techniques in IVF cycle monitoring; however many serious disadvantages are connected with the use of RIA (short half-life of the reagents; hazard of handling radioactive materials; frequent venipunctures for the @entity1 ). For these reasons, we propose a chemiluminescence immuno assay (LIA) method for the measurement of glucuronometabolites of 17-E2 and @entity1420 in early morning urine samples: this technique allows to follow hormonal levels for all the cycle, avoiding @entity1 discomfort. We have found a highly significant correlation between serum and urinary hormonal values. We noted a marked variability in the individual estrogenic response and a significant difference in the response of the two groups. The mean peak on hCG administration day was 6.4 +/- 3.5 micrograms/h for urinary E1-3G and 1270 +/- 678 pg/ml for 17-E2 in Buserelin-hMG group: these hormonal levels appear lower than without ovarian desensitization; (in FSH-hMG group we have, on the same day, 9.7 +/- 3.2 micrograms/h for E1-3G and 1630 +/- 730 pg/ml for serum 17-E2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Measurement of glucuronometabolites of XXXX and @entity1420 in early morning urine samples: a promising new method for the evaluation of hormonal responses of Buserelin-hMG treatment in an IVF program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7458 :: ('MESH:D002064', 'Chemical') :: ['Buserelin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17-beta estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17 beta-estradiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluate the prognostic factors of recurrence in @entity1 after the surgical repair of @entity789 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1985 to 2002, 73 @entity1 with @entity789 underwent late (> 3 months) surgical repair. A multivariate analysis of the data was performed with the EPI-INFO software. All P-values were two-sided, with odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total number of 73 @entity1 underwent 97 procedures with a mean rate of 1.38 procedures/ @entity1 . The overall surgical success rate was 86.7%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that recurrence was statistically significant for multiple @entity292 (single vs two or more), @entity292 size (>10 mm), @entity292 type (Type I vs Type II), @entity292 etiology (obstetrical vs non-obstetrical) and the presence of urinary tract infection before the repair. Recurrence risk was fivefold higher for both the size and the type of the @entity292 , threefold higher for obstetrical etiology and 4.5-fold higher for multiple @entity292 . The interposition of flaps was a protective factor for recurrent cases. The surgical approach was not a significant prognostic factor of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Successful closure of a @entity789 requires an accurate and a timely repair using procedures that exploit basic surgical principles. Multiple @entity292 , size and type of the @entity292 , and obstetrical etiology were the recurrence risk factors. We recommend in all @entity1 with multiple risk factors for recurrence, the interposition of flaps.

title: Prognostic factors of recurrence after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity789 :: (MESH:D014719,Disease) :: ['vesicovaginal fistula']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of @entity3175 and @entity1363 when used for conscious sedation in emergency department @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial. SETTING: Three university EDs. TYPE OF @entity1 : @entity1 requiring one of the following procedures: abscess drainage, joint reduction, extensive suturing, chest tube insertion, or lumbar puncture. INTERVENTIONS: @entity3175 (2.5 mg/mL) or @entity1363 (1 mg/mL) was administered until the desired level of sedation was achieved to a maximum of 5 mL. @entity3575 was administered if needed for @entity158 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 received @entity3175 and 36 received @entity1363 . @entity1 receiving @entity1363 had a greater degree of early sedation (P < .05), a higher 90-minute alertness scale score (P < .05), more @entity1 ready for discharge at 90 minutes (P = .05), significantly less recall for the procedure (P < .02), and less @entity158 on injection (P < .01) than @entity1 who were given @entity3175 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3175 and @entity1363 are both effective for conscious sedation in @entity2613 @entity1 . @entity1363 causes less @entity158 on injection, a significantly greater degree of early sedation, and a more rapid return to baseline function.

title: Comparison of XXXX and @entity3175 for conscious sedation in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['Fentanyl citrate']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: Six distinct cell surface antigens of @entity1 trophoblast and @entity1466 were defined with MAbs. The distribution of the antigens was determined by MHA assays on 150 @entity5 cell lines and normal cell cultures and by immunofluorescence tests with a wide range of normal adult and fetal tissues and a @entity5 panel. Antigen LK26 is expressed on all cultured @entity1466 , @entity14641 and @entity703 lines but is absent from most cell lines derived from other @entity5 types and from cultures of normal kidney epithelium and fibroblasts. LK26 expression in normal tissues is restricted to the trophoblast. No other adult or fetal tissue was found to express the antigen, but @entity1466 and @entity14641 tissues were LK26+. SV19 is expressed on cultured @entity1466 and @entity14641 and on subsets of @entity0 lines, but not on 120 additional cultures tested. In tissues, SV19 is detected in normal placenta, mammary gland and colon epithelium as well as in @entity5 of breast, colon and lung. Two antibodies, AbSV63 and AbK8, react with @entity18069 and AbSV63 also reacts with the intestinal form of the enzyme. AbLK24 defines a heat-stable determinant present on @entity1466 and @entity0 cell lines but absent from most other cultured cells. It is expressed on a small range of normal and malignant epithelial tissues, including normal trophoblast, normal breast epithelium and urothelium and @entity5 derived from these tissues. One antigen, K66, showed a wide distribution on cultured epithelial cells but was not found in any normal or malignant tissue. Finally, S4, a previously described marker of normal and malignant kidney epithelial cells, was also expressed on the @entity1466 cell lines. Four of the antigens are glycoproteins that could be immunoprecipitated from radiolabelled extracts of @entity1466 cells: LK26 (Mr 35,000), SV19 (Mr 40,000), @entity18069 (Mr 68,000) and S4 (Mr 160,000). The highly restricted distribution of LK26, SV19, S4, and @entity18069 in normal tissues and their expression in @entity5 make these antigens potential diagnostic markers of @entity7132 and germ-cell @entity5 and, possibly, targets for immunotherapy.

title: Cell surface antigens of XXXX trophoblast and @entity1466 defined by monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinomas', 'teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7132 :: ('MESH:D031954', 'Disease') :: ['gestational choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and colon cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinomas', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE--To test the hypothesis that the complement system may be activated in @entity1 with @entity2175 and CAD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--The plasma @entity8428 concentration was measured in 106 type II @entity6 @entity1 and 25 nondiabetic control subjects. The @entity1 group was subdivided according to AER, and the groups were adjusted for age, sex, and known duration of @entity6 . For the assignment to a given subgroup, normoalbuminuria was defined as AER < 15 microns/min, microalbuminuria as AER 16-250 micrograms/min, and macroalbuminuria as AER > 250 micrograms/min. The presence or absence of coronary disease was assessed through clinical examination, ECG, and coronary angiography. An RIA system was used for measurement of urinary albumin levels, and the plasma @entity8428 concentrations were measured by ELISA. RESULTS--Within each of the AER-defined subgroups, the plasma @entity8428 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with IHD than in those without. Thus, in the normoalbuminuric group, plasma @entity8428 levels were 16.3 AU/ml (95% CI 13.9-19) in @entity1 with IHD vs. 11.6 AU/ml (95% CI 10.5-12.7) in those without (P < 0.001). The corresponding data for the microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric groups were 21.8 (95% CI 18.1-26.3) vs. 13.6 (95% CI 12.3-15.1) and 31.6 (95% CI 24.9-40) vs. 17.5 (13.6-22.6) AU/ml (P < 0.01), respectively. @entity1 with IHD also had significantly higher plasma @entity8428 levels than normal control subjects, regardless of AER subgroup. A multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association between the plasma @entity8428 concentration and IHD and AER. CONCLUSIONS--Activation of the complement system may play a role in the development of @entity66 in @entity2175 .

title: Plasma XXXX levels and ischemic heart disease in @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity8428 :: (100861467,Gene) :: ['C3d']


abstract: DESCRIPTION: @entity263 is an important health problem in @entity1 . It rarely causes @entity204 in @entity1 younger than 50 years; most deaths associated with it occur in @entity1 older than 75 years. The benefits of screening with the @entity1486 (PSA) test are outweighed by the harms for most @entity1 . @entity263 never becomes clinically significant in a @entity1 's lifetime in a considerable proportion of @entity1 with @entity263 detected with the PSA test. They will receive no benefit and are subject to substantial harms from the treatment of @entity263 . The American College of Physicians (ACP) developed this guidance statement for clinicians by assessing current @entity263 screening guidelines developed by other organizations. ACP believes that it is more valuable to provide clinicians with a rigorous review of available guidelines rather than develop a new guideline on the same topic when several guidelines are available on a topic or when existing guidelines conflict. The purpose of this guidance statement is to critically review available guidelines to help guide internists and other clinicians in making decisions about screening for @entity263 . The target @entity1 population for this guidance statement is all adult @entity1 . METHODS: This guidance statement is derived from an appraisal of available guidelines on screening for @entity263 . Authors searched the National Guideline Clearinghouse to identify @entity263 screening guidelines in the United States and selected 4 developed by the American College of Preventive Medicine, American @entity5 Society, American Urological Association, and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. The AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation in Europe) instrument was used to evaluate the guidelines. GUIDANCE STATEMENT 1: ACP recommends that clinicians inform @entity1 between the age of 50 and 69 years about the limited potential benefits and substantial harms of screening for @entity263 . ACP recommends that clinicians base the decision to screen for @entity263 using the @entity1486 test on the risk for @entity263 , a discussion of the benefits and harms of screening, the @entity1 's general health and life expectancy, and @entity1 preferences. ACP recommends that clinicians should not screen for @entity263 using the @entity1486 test in @entity1 who do not express a clear preference for screening. GUIDANCE STATEMENT 2: ACP recommends that clinicians should not screen for @entity263 using the @entity1486 test in average-risk @entity1 under the age of 50 years, @entity1 over the age of 69 years, or @entity1 with a life expectancy of less than 10 to 15 years.

title: Screening for XXXX : a guidance statement from the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The effects of the removal of cumulus cells from fertilized @entity19 oocytes (one-cell embryos) and the presence of @entity3639 in culture medium on in vitro development were studied. Ham's F-10 medium with (0.075 g/liter) or without @entity3639 was supplemented with human serum (15%). Cumulus-intact embryos were harvested from oviducts after @entity19 were superovulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Hyaluronidase (300 IU/ml) was used to remove the cumuli. Embryos were cultured (i) with cumulus/without @entity3639 (n = 238), (ii) with cumulus/with @entity3639 (n = 185), (iii) without cumulus/with @entity3639 (n = 210), and (iv) without cumulus/without @entity3639 (n = 218). Embryonic development was assessed 24, 96, and 120 hr after initiation of culture. Percentage two cells and percentage small or expanded blastocysts were not different (P greater than 0.05) among experimental groups. Percentages (mean +/- SE) hatched blastocysts for the four groups were (i) 36 +/- 8 and 54 +/- 7, (ii) 35 +/- 8 and 55 +/- 6, (iii) 19 +/- 5 and 42 +/- 6, (iv) 23 +/- 5 and 47 +/- 5 at 96 and 120 hr, respectively. Percentages all (small, expanded, and hatched combined) blastocysts were (i) 74 +/- 5 and 74 +/- 5, (ii) 74 +/- 9 and 72 +/- 5, (iii) 56 +/- 6 and 63 +/- 5, and (iv) 61 +/- 5 and 63 +/- 5 at 96 and 120 hr, respectively. A greater (P less than 0.05) percentage of embryos developed to blastocysts and hatched by 96 and 120 hr, when they were cultured with the cumulus intact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of removal of cumulus cells from one-cell XXXX embryos on in vitro development.

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a surveillance study to assess the nature, management, and visual outcomes of serious @entity4858 from fireworks in the UK. METHODS: New cases of serious @entity4858 from fireworks were prospectively ascertained through the monthly active surveillance system of the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit (BOSU). All ophthalmologists in the UK received a reporting card each month for a 2-year period commencing July 2004. They were asked to indicate any new cases of serious @entity4858 from a firework, or to confirm that they had no new cases to report. Information on demographic detail, @entity130 , management, and visual outcome was sought through an incident and 6-month follow-up questionnaire. RESULTS: Eighty-one per cent of the @entity130 occurred in October and November and 27% (13/47) of the @entity1 were less than 18 years old. Twenty-six per cent (12/47) of @entity1 had a @entity2982 , and ocular surgery was required in 53% (25/47) of cases. Eight @entity1 (17%) required enucleation or evisceration and four (9%) required a cosmetic shell for phthisis. At 6-month follow-up, 53% (21/40) of cases had a visual acuity of 6/60 or worse. CONCLUSION: This prospective national survey confirms that firework @entity130 are an important cause of preventable @entity227 particularly to young males. It is likely that such @entity130 occur year on year and as such represent an important public health concern in addition to the burden placed upon the health service.

title: A British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit study on serious XXXX from fireworks in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disability']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries', 'ocular injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'type of injury']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['ocular injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Doubly committed Subarterial @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) is a specific anatomic type of @entity1757 located just beneath the aortic valve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of using minimal invasive perventricular device closure in managing this type of @entity1757 . METHODS: During Dec 2008 and Aug 2010, 34 Pediatric @entity1 with doubly committed subarterial @entity1757 who met the inclusion criteria for device closure were enrolled in this study. Perventricular closure was attempted using a unique design eccentric device under the guidance of real-time transesophageal echocardiography. Complications such as residual shunt, @entity338 , @entity943 were all recorded in postoperative period and during follow-up. RESULT: Perventricular device closure was successfully done in 28 @entity1 (82%). 6 @entity1 converted to open surgical repair due to residual shunt >3mm (1 @entity1 ), more than mild degree @entity337 (3 @entity1 ) and device mal-position (2 @entity1 ). Complete closure rate was achieved in 93% at discharge and 100% during 20 months follow-up. No severe complications such as device @entity887 , significant @entity943 and noticeable @entity338 were noted during follow-up. Procedure induced trivial grade aortic @entity338 was noted in five (18%) @entity1 after procedure while only one (4%) persisted during midterm follow-up. CONCLUSION: Perventricular closure of doubly committed subarterial VSDs appears to be a safe and effective minimally invasive technique with good mid-term outcomes.

title: Hybrid perventricular device closure of doubly committed subarterial XXXX : mid-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To comparatively assess the impact of non-intubated intravenous anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation (NIIASV) versus intubated anaesthesia with single-lung mechanical ventilation (IASLV) on early outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) anatomical resection of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A total of 339 @entity1 with @entity1149 undergoing VATS anatomical resection (282 lobectomies and 57 segmentectomies) between December 2011 and December 2014 were included for analysis and divided into two groups according to anaesthesia type: NIIASV (151 @entity1 ) and IASLV (188 @entity1 ). Comprehensive early outcome data including intraoperative and postoperative variables were compared between subgroups. Propensity score matching was used to control for selection bias due to non-random group assignment in a 1:1 manner, resulting in 136 pairs (20 for segmentectomy and 116 for lobectomy) with balanced baseline characteristics. RESULTS: The NIIASV procedure was completed uneventfully in all 32 @entity1 undergoing segmentectomy and in 119 lobectomy @entity1 undergoing lobectomy, whereas 9 lobectomy @entity1 required conversion to IASLV. These 9 cases were excluded from the comparative analysis. Comparisons between NIIASV and IASLV results showed no intergroup differences in demographics, baseline data, operative time, intraoperative @entity190 , number of resected lymph nodes and duration of chest tube dwell time. Conversely, significantly better results occurred in the NIIASV group in postoperative fasting time (P < 0.001), overall postoperative chest drainage volume (P < 0.04) and hospital stay (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, VATS anatomical resection for @entity1149 @entity1 is feasible under NIIASV. Perioperative data comparisons with IASLV have shown that postoperative fasting time, overall drainage volume and hospital stay were significantly better with NIIASV, suggesting a more rapid recovery. Further investigation is warranted to assess the long-term effects and survival of this promising globally less invasive surgical strategy.

title: The impact of non-intubated versus intubated anaesthesia on early outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic anatomical resection in XXXX : a propensity score matching analysis.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Diet and exercise represent the mainstays of @entity28 treatment. No systematic review has been conducted comparing the effect of dietary and exercise intervention in reducing metabolic risks in overweight @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of diet-only intervention with those of diet plus exercise or exercise only on @entity353 and metabolic risk reduction in overweight @entity1 . EVIDENCE REVIEW: English-language articles from 1975 to 2010 available from 7 databases were reviewed. One @entity1 searched the databases. Two independent reviewers assessed abstracts and articles against the following eligibility criteria: randomized controlled trials conducted in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 aged 18 years or younger, comparing dietary intervention with a diet plus exercise program or an exercise-only program. Study quality was critically appraised by 2 reviewers using established criteria. The main outcome measures were body mass index, body fat percentage, lean body mass, high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , fasting @entity413 , and fasting @entity2690 . FINDINGS: Fifteen studies were identified and included. Based on the small number of short-term trials currently available, both diet-only and diet plus exercise interventions resulted in @entity353 and metabolic profile improvement. However, the addition of exercise to dietary intervention led to greater improvements in levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (3.86 mg/dL [to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259]; 95% CI, 2.70 to 4.63), fasting @entity413 (-2.16 mg/dL [to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555]; 95% CI, -3.78 to -0.72), and fasting @entity2690 (-2.75  IU/mL [to convert to picomoles per liter, multiply by 6.945]; 95% CI, -4.50 to -1.00) over 6 months. The diet-only intervention caused greater reductions in levels of @entity1674 (at the end of active intervention) and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (at subsequent follow-up). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This review provides insights into the impact of dietary and exercise interventions on metabolic risk reduction in the pediatric population. However, further studies are required to confirm the evidence with rigorous design, appropriate sample size, longer duration of follow-up, and better strategies to improve compliance and achieve long-term sustainability.

title: Impact of dietary and exercise interventions on weight change and metabolic outcomes in @entity28 XXXX and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the frequency and severity of arrests of @entity1 served by Medicaid as well as public mental health treatment patterns before and after arrest. METHODS: A random sample of 6,624 @entity1 was drawn from claims of the public mental health system in Los Angeles County between July 1993 and June 2001. Clients' claims were matched to criminal justice records from 1991 to 2001. @entity2915 and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the likelihood and seriousness of criminal involvement, as well as clients' involvement in mental health treatment around the time of the arrest. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent of the sample had at least one arrest over the ten-year period. Sixty-two percent of @entity1167 individuals had as their most serious offense a nonviolent crime. Half of all observed arrests did not lead to conviction. There was no statistical difference in the total treatment services received between @entity1167 and not- @entity1167 individuals. Among those @entity1167 , there was only a small difference in the likelihood of receiving treatment services before and after arrest. CONCLUSIONS: Almost a quarter of @entity1 with serious @entity1032 were @entity1167 at least once over ten years. More than one-third of these individuals were @entity1167 for violent crimes, with drug crimes the second most common category. The seriousness of the offense varied with diagnosis. Arrest was not associated with meaningful increases in service use, pointing to potential missed opportunities for treatment.

title: Criminal records of XXXX served in the public mental health system.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-tabulations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2826 has features of both @entity9236 and @entity5 . @entity75 , in which spindle cells are prominent, often arise synchronously over widely dispersed areas. We tested the hypothesis that the spindle cells in these @entity75 originate from a single clone of precursor cells. METHODS: To determine whether @entity2826 is a @entity74 , we assessed the methylation patterns of the @entity342 -receptor gene ( @entity23447 ) in multiple lesions from @entity1 with the @entity791 . In polyclonal tissues, about half the copies of each @entity23447 allele are methylated, whereas in cells derived from a single clone all the copies of only one allele are methylated. To minimize contamination by normal DNA, we used microdissection to isolate areas composed primarily of spindle cells, the putative @entity5 cells. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 with a total of 32 @entity5 were studied. Of these @entity5 , 28 had highly unbalanced methylation patterns (i.e., predominant methylation of one @entity23447 allele). In all the @entity5 that had unbalanced methylation from a given @entity1 , the same allele predominated. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that @entity2826 is a disseminated @entity5 and that the changes that permit the clonal outgrowth of spindle cells occur before the disease spreads.

title: Monoclonal origin of multicentric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple lesions', 'multicentric lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'monoclonal cancer', 'neoplastic growth', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal disorder']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity9236 :: ('MESH:C565054', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic proliferation']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma lesions']