abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the incidence and severity of @entity340 and the presence of high levels of anticardiolipin antibodies in a group of @entity1 with @entity1252 . Fifty @entity1 aged 35.5 +/- 13.4 years and 84 healthy age and sex matched controls were studied with two dimensional echocardiography with color flow imaging. IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies were measured in all @entity1 within a week of the echocardiographic study. @entity1 had a similar incidence of aortic, tricuspid and @entity338 than normals. However there was a greater incidence of @entity339 among @entity1 (56 vs 21% p < 0.001). The seven @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity339 had Libman Sacks vegetations of the valve. Twenty five of 28 @entity1 with @entity339 had increased anticardiolipin antibodies; moreover, these levels were significantly higher among @entity1 with @entity339 and thickened mitral valves than those with normal valves. @entity1 with increased anticardiolipin antibodies had a higher incidence of Libman Sacks vegetations. No association between the presence of these antibodies and the severity of @entity337 was observed. It is concluded that the incidence of @entity339 is increased in @entity1252 and related to raised anticardiolipin antibodies.

title: [ XXXX : @entity340 and its relation to anticardiolipin antibodies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic, pulmonic or tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Nutritional factors related to @entity0 were investigated by means of a hospital-based case-control study in Milan (Italy) and Montpellier (France). Liposoluble vitamins, @entity165 and @entity1674 were measured in blood samples taken from interviewed subjects (319 cases and 344 controls). In addition serum @entity219 and @entity920 was assessed in the Italian samples and serum @entity1718 and @entity1234 in the French samples. A significant difference was found between cases and controls in total fat and @entity165 intake in both populations, and in @entity10194 and @entity8981 consumption in the French samples. No difference emerged in liposoluble @entity2221 consumption in both populations nor in @entity219 and @entity920 consumption in the Italian samples. A statistically significant higher serum level of @entity165 and plasma level of @entity270 was observed in cases compared to controls in both populations. The difference in plasma @entity270 was confirmed after adjustment on total @entity165 and @entity1674 . Similarly, @entity219 serum level was higher in Italian cases than in Italian controls, while @entity1234 was lower in French cases than French controls. A multivariate analysis was performed after classification of cases and controls according to quantile distribution of controls. Nutrient consumption and relevant blood markers were directly or partially correlated in both populations. All known risk factors plus age, serum total @entity165 and @entity1674 were used as covariates. The odds ratio values for the highest quantiles are: Dietary @entity165 , OR = 1.9 (1.1-3.4); total dietary lipids, OR = 1.9 (1.0-3.4); plasma @entity270 , OR = 4.2 (1.9-9.0); serum @entity219 , OR = 12.2 (5.4-27.7); serum @entity1234 , OR = 0.56 (0.33-0.97).

title: The role of diet history and biologic assays in the study of "diet and XXXX ".

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyl-di-aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin']

entities_list: @entity8981 :: ('CHEBI:25413', 'Chemical') :: ['mono-unsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In addition to @entity935 , @entity750 ( @entity750 , @entity750 ) has been reported to play an important role in @entity161 . Besides blocking @entity935 , atypical antipsychotics also block @entity750 receptors. The clinical efficacy of the atypical antipsychotic @entity1088 is associated with the @entity750 antagonistic action of the drug and a high serotonergic tone before treatment. The atypical antipsychotic @entity1037 has a receptor-binding profile similar to that of @entity1088 . The present study investigated whether treatment with @entity1037 blocks hormone release induced by the @entity9330 agonist @entity15015 (m-CPP) and, if so, whether this @entity750 antagonistic effect is related to treatment response. Eighteen male @entity161 @entity1 participated in this study. All @entity1 were challenged with m-CPP (0.5 mg/kg orally) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design after a drug-free period of at least 2 weeks. @entity4545 (ACTH), @entity701 , and prolactin plasma levels were measured every 30 minutes up to 210 minutes after challenge. @entity1 were treated for 6 weeks with 10 mg @entity1037 daily in an open design, after which the challenge tests were repeated. @entity1037 significantly blocked m-CPP-induced ACTH, @entity701 , and prolactin release, suggesting that it is a potent @entity9330 antagonist in vivo. This @entity750 antagonistic effect of @entity1037 was not significantly correlated with treatment response. Also, no significant correlation was found between m-CPP-induced hormone release before treatment and clinical response after treatment with @entity1037 . These findings suggest that @entity1037 is a potent @entity9330 antagonist in vivo but that this is unrelated to its clinical efficacy in this nonrefractory sample of @entity161 @entity1 .

title: The effect of XXXX treatment on @entity15015 -induced hormone release in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['Adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity15015 :: ('MESH:C015068', 'Chemical') :: ['m-chlorophenylpiperazine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['olanzapine']


abstract: @entity48839 tusks, although well described and characterized within publications, are clouded by contradictory references, which refer to them as both incisors and @entity235 . @entity4500 are briefly mentioned in the scientific literature with limited descriptions and no image renderings. This study first examines @entity48839 maxillary osteoanatomy to determine whether the erupted tusks are best described as incisiform or caniniform teeth. The study also offers evidence to support the evolutionary obsolescence of the @entity4500 through anatomic, morphologic, and histologic descriptions. Examination of 131 skull samples, including 110 museum skull specimens and 21 harvested skulls, revealed the erupted tusks surrounded by maxillary bone over the entire length of their bone socket insertion, and are thus more accurately termed caniniform or @entity235 teeth. The anatomy, morphology, and development of @entity4500 in five skull samples are more fully described and documented. @entity22322 samples included 14 @entity13635 or individual teeth that were partially exposed or removed from the maxillary bone. Their location was posterior, ventral, and lateral to the tusks, although male @entity4500 often exfoliate in the mouth lodging between the palatal tissue and underlying maxillary bone. Their myriad morphologies, sizes, and eruption patterns suggest that these teeth are no longer guided by function but rather by random germ cell differentiation and may eventually cease expression entirely. The conclusions reached are that the @entity48839 tusks are the expression of @entity235 teeth and that @entity4500 have no apparent functional characteristics and are following a pattern consistent with evolutionary obsolescence.

title: XXXX anatomy and tusk nomenclature for @entity48839 .

entities_list: @entity22322 :: ('MESH:D014076', 'Disease') :: ['Vestigial tooth']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['Vestigial teeth', 'vestigial teeth']

entities_list: @entity13635 :: ('MESH:C537238', 'Disease') :: ['embedded pairs']

answer: @entity22322 :: (MESH:D014076,Disease) :: ['Vestigial tooth']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Traditional and complementary approaches to health ( @entity2974 ) are common for @entity1 . Andersen's Sociobehavioural Model (SBM) is often used to explain healthcare decision-making. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and determinants of traditional and complementary approaches to health ( @entity2974 ) in a multi-ethnic @entity1 population, and to explore whether the SBM explained @entity2974 health care decision-making in this population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. NHS ethical approval was given. SETTING: GP waiting rooms, Northwest London. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE AND ANALYSIS: All carers/parents (with @entity1 under 16), attending GP appointments on specific days, were asked to complete a questionnaire about @entity2974 use; primary outcome 12-month @entity1 @entity2974 use. Forward stepwise logistic regression tested appropriateness of the SBM. RESULTS: A total of 394 questionnaires were returned, representing 737 @entity1 ; a quarter White British. Prevalence of 12-month @entity2974 use was 45.4%, mainly food-based herbs/spices for minor illnesses which were used prior to GP consultation. Over half identified that @entity2974 was part of their ethnic/cultural background. Only 29% had discussed @entity2974 with their GP. The strongest predictor of @entity1 @entity2974 use in the SBM was carer @entity2974 use, itself influenced by carer gender and ethnicity, and GP advice. Need factors were not influential. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity2974 use was common in this multi-ethnic community, particularly the use of food-based remedies for minor illnesses, and carers' experience and background are central in deciding to use @entity2974 for a @entity1 . @entity2974 appears practiced as part of cultural background, with implications for GPs to be aware of their role in guiding @entity1 to ensure safe practice.

title: Traditional and complementary approaches to health for XXXX : Modelling the parental decision-making process using Andersen's Sociobehavioural Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the prognostic role of metabolic response by the use of serial sets of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in @entity1 with @entity5 who were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 60 @entity1 who were treated with CCRT between February 2009 and December 2010 were analyzed. Three sequential PET/CT images were acquired for each @entity1 : pre-CCRT, during-CCRT at 4 weeks of CCRT, and 1 month post-CCRT PET/CT. Metabolic responses were assessed qualitatively. The percentage changes in the maximum values of standardized uptake value (/\SUV(max)%) from the PET/CT images acquired pre-CCRT and during-CCRT were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate whether /\SUV(max)% could predict complete response (CR) on the post-CCRT PET/CT and to identify the best cutoff value. Prognostic factors of progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. RESULTS: During-CCRT PET/CT showed that 8 @entity1 (13%) had CR, and the other 52 @entity1 (87%) had partial response (PR). On the post-CCRT PET/CT, 43 @entity1 (73%) had CR, 12 @entity1 (20%) had PR, and 4 @entity1 (7%) had progressive disease. The average SUV(max) in @entity5 was 16.3 (range, 6.4-53.0) on the pre-CCRT PET/CT images and 5.3 (range, 0-19.4) on the during-CCRT PET/CT images. According to ROC curve analysis, /\SUV(max)% could predict CR response on post-CCRT PET/CT (P<.001, cutoff value of 59.7%). In all @entity1 , the PFS rate was 71.9% at 2 years. Multivariate analysis showed that /\SUV(max)% >= 60% (P=.045) and CR response on the post-CCRT PET/CT (P=.012) were statistically significant predictors of PFS. CONCLUSION: Metabolic responses on the during-CCRT images at 4 weeks of treatment and 1-month post-CCRT PET/CT images may predict treatment outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5 . /\SUV(max)% >= 60% at 4 weeks of CCRT may predict CR response on 1-month post-CCRT PET/CT and also PFS.

title: Prognostic significance of @entity5 response as assessed by sequential 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography during concurrent chemoradiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity4270 and lack of motivation are core symptoms of @entity308 . In contrast, hyper-motivation and euphoria characterize intoxicated states. In order to explore the relationship between these two behavioral states we examined @entity2072 self-administration tasks in an animal model of @entity308 [Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) @entity35 ]. We found that FSL @entity35 exhibit sub-sensitivity in their @entity2072 -seeking behavior, which was normalized following a chronic treatment with the antidepressant @entity5829 . However, when the @entity2072 dosage was increased, FSL @entity35 demonstrated a similar @entity2072 -seeking behavior to that of controls. In light of @entity935 's central role in modulating @entity2072 reinforcement, we examined dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region implicated in the rewarding and hedonic effects of substances of misuse. FSL @entity35 exhibited low but dose-dependent increases in extracellular levels of @entity935 in the nucleus accumbens after acute intravenous @entity2072 injection. Furthermore, by using the @entity935 transporter blocker @entity11719 we were able to demonstrate that the low extracellular @entity935 levels, observed in FSL @entity35 , were a consequence of low @entity935 release in the nucleus accumbens, as opposed to the possibility of increased uptake. Treatment of FSL @entity35 with the antidepressant @entity5829 raised @entity2072 - and @entity11719 -induced @entity935 release to the level of controls. This treatment also resulted in increased @entity2072 -seeking behavior.

title: Antidepressant treatment facilitates XXXX release and drug seeking behavior in a genetic animal model of @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['Anhedonia']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The blink rate is an index which can be easily obtained during the clinical examination, but it has not yet been properly standardised. The present study was undertaken to collect data on the age dependent development of this index and on possible abnormalities in @entity191 and @entity3519 . METHODS: The blink rate and the rate of @entity717 were measured in 156 normal controls, 51 @entity1 with @entity191 , 48 @entity1 with spasmodic torticollis, 14 @entity1 with @entity3519 , and 12 @entity1 with @entity14978 and have been correlated with the results of testing the orbicularis oculi reflex, the palmomental reflex, and the perioral reflex. RESULTS: No age related effects were found for the blink rate and @entity717 but all the reflexes showed age dependent variations. It is sufficient to measure the blink rate for one minute, provided standardised conditions are applied. Blink rate and perioral movement rate were positively correlated in @entity1 and controls. The blink rate was significantly increased in spasmodic torticollis and decreased in @entity191 . In @entity3519 the blink rate was increased but in hand and leg @entity3519 the blink rate was normal. The reflex tests did not significantly differ between the subject groups except for the orbicularis oculi reflex, which was hyperexcitable in @entity191 . CONCLUSION: Measuring the blink rate can assist the diagnosis of @entity21 as a soft sign, but is not very sensitive. The group differences found indicate a decrease of the blink rate and @entity717 in @entity5048 and an increase in hyperkinetic @entity21 such as spasmodic torticollis and generalised @entity3519 . This may be of interest for future pathophysiological studies.

title: Spontaneous and reflex activity of facial muscles in XXXX , @entity191 , and in normal subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['focal hand or leg dystonias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal disorders']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonias', 'dystonia', 'generalised dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['perioral movements']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various epidemiological surveys from different countries have documented the unsatisfactory control of arterial @entity101 . The aim of this study was to assess the current status of treatment and control of @entity101 in Italy. METHODS: A random sample of general practitioners (GP) working in several Aziende Sanitarie Locali (Local health offices-ASL) throughout Italy were invited to take part in the study. Each doctor had to recruit a random sample of 15-20 @entity101 patients receiving antihypertensive drugs among those attending his/her office for any reason. A standard medical history, specifically oriented to @entity101 and its pharmacological treatment, was taken for each @entity1 . Three blood pressure (BP) measurements were made, with the @entity1 seated for at least 5 minutes, using an accurate automatic device (A_D UA-732), and the mean was taken as each @entity1 's BP. RESULTS: A total of 73 GPs (17% of the invited sample), working in 14 Italian ASL (six in the north of the country, four in the center and four in the south and islands), agreed to participate in the study. They recruited an average of 17 @entity1 each, for a total of 1204 @entity101 subjects (663 @entity1 and 541 @entity1 ) 633 of whom were 65 years old or more, mean age 64 +/- 11 years, range 25-94 years. More than half (56%) had been taking antihypertensive drugs for at least five years; 42% were taking one drug, 40% two, 16% three and 2% four drugs. Respectively, 63% and 23% had systolic BP (SBP) > or = 140 and > or = 160 mmHg; 28% and 14% had diastolic BP (DBP) > or = 90 and 95 mmHg. In 71%, BP was < 160/95 mmHg, but only 33% had BP lower than 140/90 mmHg. BP control was similar in males and females, but worse in the elderly. Nine percent of @entity1 complained of symptomatic side effects, usually mild. Only 8% admitted to poor compliance with the antihypertensive therapy, and their BP was significantly less well controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Control of BP in patients receiving antihypertensive drugs is still far from optimal in Italy, just as in other countries. This situation seems more related to the fact that doctors do not tackle the problem aggressively, than to the @entity1 ' degree of compliance with therapy.

title: Control of XXXX in Italy: results of the "Study on Antihypertensive Treatment in General Practice (STAP)". Physicians Taking Part in STAP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8302 ( @entity8302 ) may be important regulatory cells in gut muscle layers. This study examined @entity8302 within the circular muscle of @entity1 small intestine. METHODS: Surgically resected, uninvolved intestine was studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Muscle lamellae were separated by main septa in continuity with submucosa. Smooth muscle cells @entity5856 radially in the septa. Two types of @entity8302 were distinguished. One @entity8302 type had abundant intermediate filaments and smooth cisternae and a discontinuous basal lamina. This @entity8302 type was present in the septa and in the outer third of the circular lamellae. The other @entity8302 type had a complete basal lamina and conspicuous caveolae. This @entity8302 type was observed only in the inner third of the circular lamellae. Both @entity8302 types were close to nerves, but only the latter type formed gap junctions with one another and with muscle cells. Junctions between the two @entity8302 types were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The arrangement suggests that @entity8302 and radially oriented muscle cells participate in electrical and mechanical coordination of the circular muscle layer of @entity1 small intestine.

title: Ultrastructure of interstitial cells of Cajal in circular muscle of XXXX small intestine.

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'Interstitial cells of Cajal']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The study was conducted to examine the effects of the angiotensin subtype 1 and 2 receptor antagonists ( @entity9886 and @entity11083 , respectively) on blood pressure (BP) and @entity177 in chronic @entity3190 -induced @entity101 in @entity35 . @entity3190 was achieved by insulin infusion (21.5 pmol/kg per minute) via osmotic minipump for 6 weeks. @entity9886 or @entity11083 was coinfused either at the beginning or after 4 weeks of insulin infusion. The results showed that insulin infusion significantly increased the plasma insulin concentration from 259.0+/-22.2 to 646.5+/-33.0 and 713.9+/-26.5 pmol/L (P<0.05) by the end of the fourth and sixth weeks, respectively, after insulin infusion. There were no significant changes in plasma @entity413 and @entity412 concentrations. Systolic BP increased from 139+/-3 to 156+/-1 and 157+/-2 mm Hg (P<0.05) at the corresponding time points. Combined @entity9886 (3.5 microg/kg per minute) and insulin infusion prevented the rise in BP and improved insulin resistance. When @entity101 had been established after 4 weeks of insulin infusion, superimposed infusion of @entity9886 on insulin reversed the elevated BP to control levels within 1 week. In contrast, administration of @entity11083 (0.5 and 10 microg/kg per minute) failed to alter insulin-induced @entity101 . Combined @entity11083 with @entity9886 did not alter the @entity9886 -induced @entity551 effect in insulin-infused @entity35 . There were no significant differences in water intake, urine flow, body @entity1017 , and @entity1372 gain before and after antagonist administration among groups. These results indicate that angiotensin type 1 receptors play a determinant role in the pathogenesis of insulin-induced @entity101 in @entity35 .

title: Angiotensin receptor blockade blunts @entity3190 -induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal excretory function']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy surrounds the optimal @entity1423 measurement to assess @entity1397 non-responsiveness. The @entity3075 reactivity ratio (PRR) determined by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation levels has been used to indicate the extent of P2Y(12) blockade. OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare the prevalence of non-responsiveness measured by maximum (MA) and 6 min aggregation ( @entity6809 ) and correlate these measurements with PRR in @entity1 with non-responsiveness. METHODS: MA and @entity6809 were measured in stented @entity1 (n=100) before and after @entity1397 treatment. The PRR was determined in 22 non-responsive @entity1 . Responsiveness was defined as pre-treatment minus post-treatment aggregation; and non-responsiveness was defined as <10% change in @entity1423 . RESULTS: Responsiveness was greater as determined by @entity6809 , p=0.006 (5 microM @entity857 ) and p=0.003 (20 microM @entity857 )). There was a strong correlation between MA and @entity6809 stimulated by 5 microM (r=0.84, p<0.0001) and 20 microM @entity857 (r=0.90, p<0.001). The prevalence of non-responsiveness rose with agonist concentration but did not differ significantly between methods: 5 microM @entity857 [22% (MA) vs. 17% ( @entity6809 ), p=0.186] and 20 microM @entity857 [33% (MA) vs. 29% ( @entity6809 ), p=0.270]. PRR correlated with both MA (r=0.66, p<0.001) and @entity6809 (r=0.74, p<0.001) in non-responsive @entity1 indicating incomplete receptor blockade. CONCLUSION: @entity1397 responsiveness is higher when measured by @entity6809 as compared to MA. However, these measurements are equivalent in determining the prevalence of non-responsiveness: @entity6809 and MA are affected to the same degree in @entity1 with non-responsiveness. These findings are relevant to ongoing studies assessing platelet inhibition by P2Y(12) inhibitors and support previous studies that employed MA to assess non-responsiveness.

title: Assessment of XXXX responsiveness: measurements of maximum @entity1423 , final @entity1423 and their correlation with vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein in resistant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: The purpose of our article is to describe a @entity1 with severe @entity101 and moderate @entity177 , @entity1459 , and a 6 cm @entity1028 . A previous aortogram had demonstrated severe bilateral @entity2791 . Cardiac catheterization demonstrated severe @entity301 . After cardiac catheterization @entity810 and @entity3126 requiring dialysis developed in the @entity1 . In addition, evidence of impending @entity296 developed. Because of the critical nature of the myocardial and @entity8 it was necessary to perform combined myocardial and renal revascularization rather than staged procedures. At the time of coronary artery bypass grafting, a vein graft was anastomosed to the right coronary artery vein graft and tunneled through the diaphragm into the abdomen to revascularize both renal arteries. After surgery renal function gradually improved, and no further dialysis was required. The @entity1028 was repaired at a subsequent operation. At 2-year follow-up all grafts remained patent. The serum @entity1011 is 1.2 mg/dl. Although most @entity1 with combined @entity453 can be treated with staged operations, our procedure may be of value in @entity1 in whom staged procedure are not feasible and in whom the infrarenal aorta is severely diseased or aneurysmal.

title: Combined coronary artery bypass grafting and bilateral renal revascularization for XXXX and impeding @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease and renal artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: In this report, we describe four cases of @entity409 and review the literature of this disease entity. The age of our @entity1 ranged from 31 to 35 years (mean, 33 years). Two had @entity221 , @entity353 , and upper @entity490 . The other had an incidental 1-cm nodule in the liver found during left hemihepatectomy for recurrent attacks of @entity255 . The preoperative clinical diagnoses in the former two cases were @entity157 . The @entity1 had unremarkable recovery after resection. Grossly, the @entity5 showed a variegated appearance with areas of @entity548 and @entity39 and resembling @entity157 . Microscopically, the @entity5 were composed of a polyclonal population of reactive plasma cells and abundant plump spindle cells. The latter expressed vimentin but stained negatively for actin, @entity2283 , and @entity3999 . Ultrastructurally, these plump spindle cells showed features of fibroblastic differentiation. Forty-seven cases of @entity409 have been reported, 35 in males and 12 in females (male-to-female ratio of 2.9). The @entity1 had a wide age range (10 months to 83 years; mean, 37 years). The most common symptoms were @entity221 , upper @entity490 and a space-occupying lesion in the liver. Surgical excision was curative. A few @entity1 responded to antibiotic and @entity134 treatment. The recognition and distinction of this entity from @entity157 and other @entity5 is particularly important in order to avoid unnecessary extensive surgery.

title: XXXX . Report of four cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine corneal wound healing in an animal model of two types of mechanical lamellar keratectomy. METHODS: One eye from each of 28 @entity1707 was studied. Using a motorized keratome, corneas were subjected to an anterior lamellar keratectomy with removal of anterior stroma and epithelium, or to @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) with reapposition of a corneal flap. The exposed stromal surfaces were labeled intraoperatively with a fluorescent dye ( @entity27657 ) to assess deposition of stromal components during subsequent wound healing. Examination before surgery and enucleation included measurement of corneal curvature and intraocular pressure, and assessment of corneal haze. Eyes were prepared for histological examination, fluorescence microscopy, and for fibronectin immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Both keratectomy procedures produced flattening of corneas by up to 3.80 diopters, 28 days after surgery. Corneal haze was more pronounced in eyes from which epithelium was removed (anterior lamellar keratectomy group). The increased haze in this group was associated histologically with appearance of many reactive keratocytes and inflammatory cells, deposition of new stromal material, and more widespread appearance of fibronectin immunoreactivity. In the lamellar keratoplasty group, only the edges of the corneal wound showed significant reactivity, and included keratocyte activation and @entity2543 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1707 provides a useful model for studies of refractive surgical techniques using procedures and instruments designed for use in @entity1 . Mechanized keratectomy procedures that minimize disruption of the epithelium and Bowman's layer produce a less reactive corneal wound than procedures in which an expanse of epithelium and anterior stroma are removed.

title: Wound healing following anterior keratectomy and lamellar keratoplasty in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ingrowth']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['automated lamellar keratoplasty', 'ALK']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the current state of knowledge regarding the management of @entity1778 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). @entity1 AND METHODS: The literature was analyzed using MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, @entity601 ) and reports were identified through review of report bibliographies. Pertinent studies were selected and data synthesized into a review format. RESULTS: Leukemic relapse after allogeneic BMT is an important cause of treatment failure. The risk of @entity1778 varies from 20% to 60% depending on the diagnosis and phase of disease. Reinduction chemotherapy (CT), second BMT, interferon (IFN) alfa, and donor leukocyte infusions are various options, but none of the approaches is clearly optimal. Approximately 50% of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity981 ( @entity981 ) @entity1 achieve remission after standard induction CT. However, most @entity1 finally relapse and die of uncontrolled @entity1778 . Second BMT is successful in 20% to 25% @entity1 and is a reasonable option in @entity1 who relapse more than 6 months after the initial transplant. Young @entity1 with a good performance status and those in remission from initial transplant relapse have a better outcome after second BMT. @entity66 ( @entity66 ), @entity401 ( @entity401 ), and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) are the main complications. Therapy with IFN alfa results in cytogenetic complete remission (CR) in 10% to 25% @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). The initial results of leukocyte infusions from the original donor are promising. However, acute @entity2132 and @entity236 are associated complications. The correct dose and schedule of donor leukocyte infusions need to be determined in future studies to minimize @entity2132 while maintaining the graft-versus- @entity1778 (GVL) effect. CONCLUSION: Identification of @entity1 at increased risk for relapse and use of biologic response modifiers post-transplant to augment the GVL effect in such @entity1 are possible areas of improvement for future studies.

title: XXXX : management of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['VOD', 'Venocclusive disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic relapse', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis', 'IP']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aplasia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Leukemia']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Although @entity5 have minimal metastatic potential, we hypothesized that they have a proclivity for local recurrence and should be excised with a wide margin. We reviewed the clinical and radiological appearance of @entity5 and analyzed the role of surgical treatment in their management. DESIGN: Medical records, imaging studies, pathology reports, and interventions were reviewed. SETTING: A large tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity1 : Between 1980 and 1997, 40 @entity1 with @entity5 were identified through the @entity5 registry at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical resection margins, rates of local recurrence, incidence of distant @entity3 , and survival. RESULTS: All 40 @entity1 were female, with a mean age of 41 years. Each @entity1 had a palpable mass or a mammographic finding that was indistinguishable from a @entity1557 on examination. @entity5 size ranged from 5 mm to 28 cm. Local recurrence correlated with excision margins (P<.05), but not with @entity5 grade or size. Local recurrence occurred in 5 @entity1 , each of whom had positive margins or margins less than 1 cm after excision. After reexcision with a 1-cm margin, these individuals remained free of recurrence. One @entity1 developed @entity3 after total mastectomy and died after chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Phyllodes tumors mimic @entity1557 and are often excised with close margins. Primary excision or reexcision with a 1-cm margin is recommended. Mastectomy is indicated for @entity1 with large lesions. Lymph node @entity3 are unusual and occur secondary to @entity5 . Chemotherapy is based on guidelines for the treatment of @entity242 , not @entity0 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'phyllodes tumors', 'necrotic tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas', 'fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['phyllodes tumors']


abstract: Three ongoing, dose-escalation, phase I studies are evaluating the combination of raltitrexed with @entity901 or @entity8253 (with and without @entity900 ). In study 1, @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 received 2.0-3.75 mg/m2 raltitrexed, followed 45 min later by 85-130 mg/m2 @entity901 (2-h infusion) every 3 weeks. In study 2, @entity1 with advanced oesophageal or @entity356 received 2.0-3.0 mg/m2 raltitrexed with 50 mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) @entity1259 and 60 mg/m2 i.v. @entity900 every 3 weeks. In study 3, @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity356 received 2.5-3.5 mg/m2 raltitrexed followed by 30-60 mg/m2 i.v. @entity632 every 3 weeks. In all studies, raltitrexed was given as a 15-min infusion. All the combinations evaluated were administered in convenient 3-weekly schedules and were generally well tolerated. Recommended doses for raltitrexed and @entity901 are the same in combination as for single-agent use, i.e. 3.0 mg/m2 raltitrexed and 130 mg/m2 @entity901 . The recommended dose of raltitrexed in combination with @entity900 and @entity1259 is 2.5 mg/m2. No dose-limiting @entity137 were observed during co-administration of the full single-agent doses of raltitrexed and @entity632 (3.0 mg/m2 and 60 mg/m2, respectively); dose escalation is continuing. Preliminary efficacy results were encouraging, particularly for the combination of raltitrexed and @entity901 in @entity1 with @entity2615 and advanced @entity14 . Preliminary data from these phase I studies suggest that the combination of raltitrexed with @entity902 -based agents and/or @entity8253 may represent useful regimens for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 . Further studies are required to identify the most effective combinations of raltitrexed with both established and new anticancer agents.

title: Raltitrexed (Tomudex) in combination with XXXX -based agents and/or @entity8253 : preliminary results of phase I clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: The clinical implication of microinvasive @entity0 (MIBC), especially when multiple foci are identified, is still not clearly defined. This study is designed to collect clinicopathologic and follow up data on @entity1 with MIBC. Histologic data including invasive @entity0 type, nuclear grade, number of microinvasive foci and lymph node status, as well as associated in situ component histologic and biomarkers parameters were recorded. Clinical follow-up data, such as local recurrence, distant @entity3 and survival was also noted. Forty MIBC cases were identified among 1180 invasive @entity0 cases between 1998 and 2012, representing 3.4% of the overall invasive cases. The majority of the cases (28/40) had three or less foci of microinvasion and had high nuclear grade (26/40). The associated @entity2735 was also mostly high grade. The biomarker expression for @entity172 receptor/ @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ER/ @entity1722 ) of the in situ component was heterogeneous. Of the 35 cases with known nodal status, 1 had macrometastasis, 1 had micrometastasis, 3 had @entity5 cells, and the remaining had negative nodes. In the follow-up period (mean 30 months, median 15 months) none of the @entity1 had recurrence, distant @entity3 or died of disease. In conclusion, MIBC represents a small portion of invasive @entity189 . The majority of cases have high nuclear grade and are associated with high grade ductal @entity2735 . The latter doesn't show consistent ER/ @entity1722 expression. Overall, the number of microinvasive foci, the extent and biomarker expression of the in situ component do not appear to impact the overall excellent outcome.

title: XXXX carries an excellent prognosis regardless of the @entity5 characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Microinvasive breast carcinoma']


abstract: The atrioventricular node (AVN) of the cardiac conduction system coordinates atrial-ventricular excitation and can act as a subsidiary pacemaker. Recent evidence suggests that an inward background @entity1372 current, IB, @entity4024 , carried by nonselective cation channels (NSCCs), contributes to AVN cell pacemaking. The study of the physiological contribution of IB, @entity4024 has been hampered, however, by a lack of selective pharmacological antagonists. This study investigated effects of the NSCC inhibitor @entity21808 on spontaneous activity, IB, @entity4024 , and other ionic currents in AVN cells isolated from the @entity95 . Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of action potentials (APs) and ionic currents were made at 35-37  C. A concentration of 10   mol/L @entity21808 slowed spontaneous action potential rate by 13.9      5.3% (n  =  8) and slope of the diastolic depolarization from 158.1      30.5 to 86.8      30.5  mV  sec(-1) (P  <  0.01; n  =  8). Action potential upstroke velocity and maximum diastolic potential were also reduced. Under IB, @entity4024 -selective conditions, 10   mol/L @entity21808 inhibited IB, @entity4024 at -50  mV by 36.1      6.8% (n  =  8); however, effects on additional channel currents were also observed. Thus, the peak l-type @entity460 current (ICa,L) at +10  mV was inhibited by 38.6      8.1% (n  =  8), while the rapid delayed rectifier current, IKr, tails at -40  mV following depolarization to +20  mV were inhibited by 55.6      4.6% (n  =  8). The hyperpolarization-activated current, If, was unaffected by @entity21808 . Collectively, these results indicate that @entity21808 exerts a moderate inhibitory effect on IB, @entity4024 and slows AVN cell pacemaking. However, additional effects of the compound on ICa,L and IKr confound the use of @entity21808 to dissect out selectively the physiological role of IB, @entity4024 in the AVN.

title: Multiple ion channel block by the cation channel inhibitor @entity21808 in myocytes from the XXXX atrioventricular node.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite better disease suppression with combination disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), some @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) have @entity74 . The objective of this study was to determine whether hand @entity79 ( @entity79 ) loss in the first 6 months of treatment indicates increased risk of @entity2681 at 12 months. METHODS: @entity1 with DMARD-naive early @entity309 receiving treat-to-target therapy were studied (n = 106). Hand @entity79 was measured at baseline and 6 months by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Hand and feet radiographs were performed at baseline and 12 months and scored using the van der Heijde modification of the Sharp method. A K-means clustering algorithm was used to divide @entity1 into 2 groups: the @entity604 group or the no loss group, according to their absolute change in @entity79 from baseline to 6 months. Multiple regression analysis (hurdle model) was performed to determine the risk factors for both @entity66 and @entity2681 scores. RESULTS: Hand @entity604 at 6 months was associated with @entity2681 scores at 12 months (P = 0.021). In a multiple regression analysis, hand @entity604 (P = 0.046) and older age at onset (>= 50 years; P = 0.014) were associated with @entity66 , whereas baseline @entity2681 scores (P = 0.001) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (P = 0.024) were correlated with @entity2681 severity/progression. CONCLUSION: In @entity309 @entity1 receiving treat-to-target therapy, early hand @entity604 could identify @entity1 who are at risk of developing @entity66 at 12 months, potentially allowing intensification of treatment to prevent @entity16 .

title: Decline in hand @entity79 indicates increased risk of erosive change in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosions', 'erosion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['erosive damage']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Although several methods are available for examination of microbial adherence to epithelial cells, these do not distinguish between adherence of viable and non-viable micro-organisms. This study reports the use of @entity8574 orange-stained blastospores of @entity5132 in conjunction with direct epifluorescence microscopy to determine viable (orange-fluorescing) and non-viable (green-fluorescing) blastospore adherence to buccal epithelial cells. The method was also employed to examine the effects of @entity1216 treatment at subminimum inhibitory concentrations on the adherence of @entity3257 . There was good correlation in the assessment of blastospore viability between the direct epifluorescence microscopy technique and the standard serial dilution and plating method for viable counting, confirming the reliability of direct epifluorescence microscopy. @entity1216 treatment before @entity8574 orange staining did not alter this assessment of viability. Blastospore adherence to buccal epithelial cells resulted in a similarly skewed distribution whether examined using a @entity1686 stain in conjunction with light microscopy or using direct epifluorescence microscopy, therefore validating the direct epifluorescence microscopy technique for the enumeration of blastospore adherence. @entity1216 treatment (0.0005% v/v, 30 min) of either blastospores or buccal epithelial cells altered the distribution of adherent blastospores per epithelial cell by increasing the number of epithelial cells having no adherent blastospores. No differences in adherence were, however, observed between blastospore or epithelial cells after treatment with this agent. Examination of the adherence of @entity3257 to buccal epithelial cells using direct epifluorescence microscopy revealed a greater adherence capacity of @entity3257 for buccal epithelial cells. Treatment of blastospores with @entity1216 altered the frequency distributions of @entity3257 with lower numbers of blastospores adherent per epithelial cell. The @entity353 in comparison with their non-viable counterparts is, however, an important observation which might have clinical relevance. Microbial cells adhere to epithelial cells resulting in a skewed distribution; study of this distribution gives useful information about the adherence process. Viable and non-viable components of a microbial population have different adherence capabilities and treatment of such populations with an antimicrobial agent exerting anti-adherent activity at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations reduces the amount of adherence of these viable/non-viable components to different extents.

title: Frequency distribution of XXXX blastospores adhered to mucosal epithelial cells in-vitro.

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine', 'Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['larger reduction in adherent viable blastospores']

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['viable and non-viable blastospores', 'non-viable than viable blastospores']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the preservation of follicles within ovarian tissue vitrified using only one or a combination of three permeating cryoprotectants. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: University hospital. DONOR(S): Ovarian tissue was donated by consenting @entity1 undergoing elective cesarean section. INTERVENTION(S): Ovarian tissue was vitrified in closed sealed vials using either a combination of @entity3733 , @entity2771 , and @entity10977 (EG), or only EG as permeating cryoprotectants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ovarian tissue was vitrified with the use of two vitrification methods. Tissue from the same donor was used for comparison of two different solutions. The morphology of the follicles was evaluated after vitrification, warming, and culture by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemistry for active @entity522 in fresh and vitrified tissue. RESULT(S): Light and electron microscopic analysis showed equally well preserved morphology of oocytes, granulosa cells, and @entity43 when either of the vitrification solutions was used. No apoptosis was observed in primordial and primary follicles. CONCLUSION(S): Using only EG as a permeating cryoprotectant in a closed tube gives as good ultrastructural preservation of ovarian follicles as a more complicated system using several cryoprotectants.

title: Preservation of @entity1 ovarian follicles within tissue frozen by vitrification in a xeno-free closed system using only XXXX as a permeating cryoprotectant.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

answer: @entity10977 :: (MESH:D019855,Chemical) :: ['ethylene glycol']


abstract: Several strains of @entity14221 carrying point mutations in the gene psbA were studied by thermoluminescence and polarographic measurement of flash-induced @entity26 yield. The following results were obtained: (a) Replacement of Ser-264 in D1 by Ala (mutant Di1) or @entity4022 (mutant G264) resulting in @entity11079 and @entity12472 resistance leads to a downshift of the thermoluminescence (TL) B-band peak temperature from 40 degrees C in wild-type thylakoids to about 30 degrees C. In dark adapted samples of both mutants the TL and @entity26 yield pattern induced by a train of single turnover flashes were strongly damped indicative of a high miss factor. (b) In contrast to Ser-264 mutants, replacement of @entity815 -255 in D1 by Tyr (mutant Tyr5) induced strong resistance to @entity12472 but not to @entity11079 and did not affect the peak termperature of the B-band and the flash-induced TL and @entity26 yield patterns. In this respect mutant Tyr5 resembles the wild type. (c) No significant differences have been found between strains with single site mutations in psbAI and normal psbAII/psbAIII genes, and strains with same mutations in psbAI but additional deletion of psbAII and psbAIII. Obviously in strains were psbAI is present, PS II complexes containing gene products of psbAII and psbAIII are not assembled in detectable amounts. (d) Strains with double mutations at positions 264 and 255 display a downshift of the B-band peak temperature. Their oscillatory patterns of B-band intensity and @entity26 yield are highly damped. This behaviour is similar to strains D1 and G264 which are modified at position 264 only. We extend reports on additivity of mutation effects on herbicide binding to binding of QB. (e) Mutations at the QB site not only influence the binding of QB and herbicides but also change the thermoluminescence quantum yield and the lifetimes of the redox states S2 and S3 of the water oxidase. This finding might indicate long ranging effects on Photosystem II exerted by structural modifications of the QB site. From these data we conclude that Ser-264 is essential for binding of @entity12472 , @entity11079 and QB, whereas @entity815 -255 is involved in @entity12472 binding and its substitution by Tyr does not markedly affect QB or @entity11079 binding in @entity14221 .

title: Thermoluminescence and flash-induced @entity26 yield in herbicide resistant mutants of the D1 protein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14221 :: ('1140', 'Species') :: ['Synechococcus PCC7942']

answer: @entity14221 :: (1140,Species) :: ['Synechococcus PCC7942']


abstract: We described a @entity1 presenting with @entity386 attacks due to an unilateral small @entity1188 . The @entity1 was a 55-year-old @entity1 and was referred to our hospital because of severe @entity10 and progressive @entity1269 . Neurological examinations revealed @entity1269 and the impairment of @entity158 , touch, temperature and vibration sense in the left side of his body. Position sense was normal. Cranial nerves were intact including the trigeminal nerve. Ataxia was not noted. After an admission, the @entity1 suffered from three episodes of @entity386 of sudden onset followed by @entity1167 and @entity410 . Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a clearly circumscribed small oblique lesion situated in the caudal lateral tegmental portion to the rostral ventromedial part of right medulla oblongata . The right vertebral artery was not visualized by magnetic resonance angiography. Serial computed tomography scans failed to identify this small lesion. We conclude that @entity386 in the present @entity1 represents a central type @entity386 caused by the unilateral damage of the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata.

title: [A case of XXXX attacks due to an unilateral @entity1188 ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction in the right medulla oblongata']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apnea attack']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: Recent investigations have demonstrated that macrophage inhibitory protein 1alpha ( @entity10557 ) plays a critical role in haematopoiesis. In part, @entity10557 limits the differentiation of early haematopoietic cells, thereby ensuring that sufficient quantities of blood precursors are available to meet haematopoietic demands. @entity10557 is produced by cells of the marrow microenvironment (marrow stromal cells) in response to a variety of stimuli, including @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) and @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ). Our recent investigations demonstrated that normal @entity1 osteoblast-like cells (HOBs) maintain the early phenotype of haematopoietic precursors, like other members of the bone @entity236 . Although the precise molecular mechanisms for these observations have not been determined, the production of @entity10557 remains one such possibility. In the present study, we investigated whether cells of the osteoblast lineage under basal, @entity1356 and/or @entity310 stimulation produce @entity10557 . We observed that @entity1356 and @entity310 stimulated HOBs and @entity1 @entity421 cells to rapidly express @entity10557 mRNA and to secrete large quantities of the protein. @entity10557 mRNA and protein was not, however, detected under basal conditions. Perhaps more importantly, enriched @entity1 @entity2280 + bone marrow cells in co-culture may be capable of stimulating the expression of @entity10557 mRNA by HOBs in vitro. These findings suggest that @entity1 osteoblast-like cells may produce @entity10557 in vivo to support haematopoiesis at sites where osteoblasts and haematopoietic cells are closely associated.

title: XXXX osteoblast-like cells and @entity421 cell lines synthesize macrophage inhibitory protein 1alpha in response to @entity1356 and @entity5 necrosis factor alpha stimulation in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow stroma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Multicenter clinical trials (MCT) have an important role in the assessment of @entity2720 . The primary reason for such MCT is the need to have access to a large number of @entity1 . In Sweden, failure after total hip arthroplasty has been recorded prospectively since 1979. Medical records from every reoperation are documented and computer analyzed. This MCT has shown that @entity1 -related, surgical, and implant-related parameters are of importance to rates of failure. There were an increasing number of revisions after total hip arthroplasty in Sweden between 1979 and 1986. Male gender and young age increase the risk of revision. The primary diagnosis is very important for type of failure. The risk of @entity281 is small but increases with the number of previous operations. @entity1349 has emerged as the main problem and is the cause for 74% of all revisions. Prosthetic design is of utmost importance for the rate of failure, and significant differences exist among different prosthesis types with respect to long-term survival. Finally, this MCT has shown that revisions for total hip arthroplasty in @entity1 younger than 70 years of age eventually have failed in Sweden whenever the cemented technique has been used.

title: Multicenter clinical trials and their value in assessing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['total joint arthroplasty']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) affects many @entity1 suffering from @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and has a negative impact on quality of life and survival. It has become increasingly evident that central transmission and sensitization processes similar to those observed in @entity1118 are important mechanisms of @entity111 . OBJECTIVES: To test the potential role of @entity4481 in reducing the intensity of @entity1381 in @entity740 @entity1 . METHODS: We prospectively collected data on @entity740 @entity1 who suffered from severe intractable @entity111 . @entity1 were asked to record the intensity of @entity111 on a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were studied. The average pretreatment @entity111 score was 9.7    0.9 and decreased to 3.7    2.35, 3.2    1.75, and 3    1.5 after one, four, and 24 weeks of treatment, respectively (P < 0.05). The positive effect of @entity4481 was demonstrated during the first week of therapy in six @entity1 . Most @entity1 required 25mg a day. @entity4481 was well tolerated, with @entity2147 and dizziness developing in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We demonstrated dramatic improvement of long-standing @entity1381 after the initiation of @entity4481 . We suggest that @entity4481 can be used safely in @entity740 but careful titration of the dose is required to obtain an optimal response and minimize the possible adverse effects.

title: Use of XXXX in the management of chronic @entity1381 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['Uremic pruritus', 'UP']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of Niaspan (Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Hollywood, FL), a new controlled-release formulation of @entity1670 , in the treatment of primary @entity407 , the occurrence and severity of @entity1671 events, and potential adverse effects, particularly hepatotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was conducted as a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel comparison of Niaspan in doses of 1000 mg/day and 2000 mg/day, administered once a day at bedtime. One hundred twenty-two @entity1 with low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels >4.14 mM/L (160 mg/dL) with dietary intervention and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 </=1.81 mM/L (70 mg/dL) were randomized to one of three treatment groups: placebo, and 1000 mg/day or 2000 mg/day of Niaspan. Safety and efficacy measures included 12-hour serum fasting lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, serum analyte levels for major organ function, @entity1671 diaries, and adverse event records. The placebo group demonstrated no significant changes in serum lipoprotein concentrations over the treatment period of 12 weeks, except for a slight 4% increase in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 . Niaspan significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels by 6% and 14% for the 1000 mg/day and 2000 mg/day doses, respectively. High-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels rose significantly, with a 17% increase occurring at the 1000 mg/day dose and a 23% increase occurring at the 2000 mg/day doses, respectively. High-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels rose significantly, with a 17% increase occurring at the 1000 mg/day dose and a 23% increase occurring at the 2000 mg/day dose. Niaspan (2000 mg/day) produced significant decreases of 27% and 29%, respectively, for serum lipoprotein(a) and @entity412 concentration. Although the incidence of @entity1671 was significant, these episodes were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Niaspan administered in doses of 1000 mg/day and 2000 mg/day at bedtime were well tolerated with few side effects and produced favorable effects on the major circulating lipoproteins of @entity1 with @entity2299 as specified by the enrollment criteria.

title: Treatment Effect of Niaspan, a Controlled-release XXXX , in @entity1 With Hypercholesterolemia: A Placebo-controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['primary dyslipidemias']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1670 :: (MESH:D009525,Chemical) :: ['Niacin']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, @entity3593 , with those of a @entity460 blocker, @entity594 , on BP control and renal function, in a prospective randomised double-blind, double-dummy trial lasting 19 weeks in @entity1 with @entity2316 . We enrolled 28 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 and macroproteinuria from the out- @entity1 @entity2316 . The antihypertensive treatment consisted of @entity3593 or @entity594 , and their effect on arterial BP, urinary albumin excretion, glomerular filtration rate, and renal blood flow were measured. BPs at entry were 166/99 (SD 23/9) mmHg for the @entity3593 group and 165/99(21/7) mmHg for the @entity594 group. BPs fell to 143/88 (17/13) mmHg for the @entity3593 group and 148/85(25/10) mmHg for the @entity594 group at the end of the study. The albumin excretion rate fell in the @entity3593 group from 738.7 (635.2) micrograms/min to 644.6 (965.2) micrograms/min and rose in the @entity594 group from 981.2 (1022.2) micrograms/min to 1072.5 (908.5) micrograms/min (P = NS). Glomerular filtration rates fell from 105.2 (57.5) ml/min per 1.73 m2 to 72.1 (39.4) ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the @entity3593 group and from 109.9 (50.0) ml/min per 1.73 m2 to 82.9 (53.9) ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the @entity594 treated group. Renal blood flow fell from 446.8 (217.9) ml/min per 1.73 m2 to 435.1 (243.3) ml/min per 1.73 m2 for the @entity3593 group and from 473.0 (216.4) ml/min per 1.73 m2 to 419.0 (278.6) ml/min per 1.73 m2 for the @entity594 group. Differences between the groups were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of the effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and a XXXX antagonist in @entity101 , macroproteinuric @entity6 @entity1 : a randomised double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic-renal clinic']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The three major cell types of the @entity1 @entity731 --macrophages (M  ), smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC)--were compared for their ability to oxidise low density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro under identical conditions. Near-confluent cultures were incubated for up to 48 h with 50 microg protein/ml LDL in Ham's F10 medium supplemented with 7 microM @entity8798 . All three cell types oxidised LDL readily using our culture conditions. After 24 and 48 h, the degree of LDL oxidation was in the order: M   > SMC > EC when based on cell growth area and EC > SMC > Mo when based on cellular DNA content. However, LDL oxidation in vitro progressed more slowly between 24 and 48 h, probably due to increasing @entity137 to the cells and/or depletion of @entity1474 . We therefore compared the time of onset of LDL oxidation. The earliest increase in LDL oxidation was always apparent with SMC. Gas chromatography revealed that LDL oxidation by all three cell types followed a similar pattern. The @entity1474 @entity4722 (18:2) and @entity1426 (20:4) were depleted (to 10.3-18.1% and 4.5-24.7% respectively, compared to native LDL), whereas the content of @entity3106 (18:0) and @entity3952 (18:1) remained unchanged. @entity165 was depleted (to 54.1-75.6% of native LDL) with a concomitant rise in @entity50112 (to 60.6-128.1 microg/mg LDL). This corresponds to a conversion of 4.9, 9.5 and 10.4% of LDL @entity165 in EC-, SMC- and Mo-modified LDL respectively. All three cell types showed significant @entity137 in the oxidising culture after 24h. The possible relevance to LDL oxidation in @entity731 is discussed.

title: Cell-mediated oxidation of LDL: comparison of different cell types of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity50112 :: ('CHEBI:42989', 'Chemical') :: ['7 -hydroxycholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesion']


abstract: @entity1351 activation is implicated in solid @entity5 growth, invasion and metatastic spread. However, little is known about its role in @entity1778 . We investigated the production by leukaemic cells of @entity1351 activators [urokinase ( @entity10431 ) and tissue-type PA (tPA)], cell surface receptor for @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) and PA inhibitors ( @entity2289 and @entity10933 ). Leukaemic cells from 37 @entity1 [26 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and 11 with @entity1778 ( @entity1778 )] were analysed for mRNA content and enzymatic activities. High levels of @entity10431 mRNA were found in M1, M2, M3 and M4-M5 AMLs, whereas tPA mRNA was not detected in any of the analysed cases. @entity10431 mRNA was confined to subtypes M4-M5. @entity2289 mRNA was detected in M3 and M4-M5. @entity10933 mRNA was found predominantly in M2 and M4-M5. @entity214 -PAGE/zymography analyses of cell extracts and supernatants after 24 and 48 h of culture confirmed the production of active @entity10431 by @entity3052 cells (mainly M4-M5). but not by @entity1778 . The finding of @entity10431 , @entity10431 , @entity2289 and @entity10933 synthesized by leukaemic cells suggests that @entity1351 activation may contribute to the invasive behaviour of these cells, the fibrinolytic imbalance observed in leukaemic @entity1 and the differentiation and proliferation of M4-M5 by interaction of @entity10431 with @entity10431 .

title: @entity1351 activation in XXXX @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'acute lymphoid leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity1351 :: ('5340', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen', 'Plasminogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between @entity1017 and changes in blood pressure and the incidence of @entity101 in four ethnicity-gender groups. DESIGN: Longitudinal closed cohort studied over an average of 6 y. SUBJECTS: Total of 9309 white and African-American @entity1 and @entity1 45-64 y of age who participated in the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. METHODS: Weight and blood pressure were measured at baseline and after an average of 3 and 6 y of follow-up. Proportional hazard models with @entity1017 as a time-dependent variable were used to examine the association between @entity1017 and changes in blood pressure and @entity101 . Multivariate models were used with baseline @entity13519 , @entity13520 , age, BMI, height, WHR, smoking, physical activity, education, caloric intake, fat intake and study center as covariates. RESULTS: Weight gain was associated with increases in @entity13519 and @entity13520 in all groups. Hazard ratios for @entity101 associated with 1 kg annual @entity1017 were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.29, 1.45) in white @entity1 , 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03, 1.21) in African-American @entity1 , 1.35 (95% CI, 1.27, 1.43) in white @entity1 and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.27,1.61) in African-American @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Weight gain was associated with increased blood pressure and increased incidence of @entity101 . The association was weaker among African-American @entity1 compared to other ethnicity-gender groups.

title: Associations between XXXX and incident @entity101 in a bi-ethnic cohort: the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 @entity1 have, in several studies, been shown to have excessive mortality. There is, however, a lack of mortality data, in comparison to incidence data, from the last decade in particular. OBJECTIVE: To study short- and long-term mortality in a population-based cohort of @entity173 @entity1 over the last decade and compare it to the background population. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fragility @entity173 @entity1 in the two most southern counties in Norway who experienced @entity174 in 2004 and 2005 were studied. For each @entity1 , three controls were randomly recruited from the background population matched for age, sex, and residency. Overall, age-, gender-, and group-specific mortality rates were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 942 (267 male and 675 female) @entity1 with a @entity173 were identified. In the @entity173 @entity1 , overall mortality rate after 1 year was 21.3% (males 30.7% and females 19.1%, P < 0.005) and, after 5 years, 59.0% (males 70.0% and females 54.6%, P < 0.005). The corresponding figures for matched controls were 5.6% (males 5.9%, females 5.4%, P = 0.6) and 24.9% (males 25.9%, females 24.5%, P = 0.4), respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen in the log-rank statistical analysis between @entity173 @entity1 and controls, both in males (P < 0.0005) and females (P < 0.0005), and for age groups 50-80 years (P < 0.0005) and 80 years and older (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSION: Mortality in males and females with @entity173 is high not only in the first year after @entity174 , but remains higher than in the background population during 5 years of follow-up. The high mortality in @entity173 @entity1 remains a challenge both in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Optimization of post- @entity174 treatment and care could reduce mortality of @entity173 in middle-aged and elderly individuals.

title: Short- and long-term mortality in males and females with XXXX in Norway. A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['fragility hip fracture', 'Hip fracture', 'hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['fragility hip fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare high b-value (b  =  2000  s/mm(2)) acquired diffusion-weighted imaging (aDWI) with computed DWI (cDWI) obtained using four diffusion models-mono-exponential (ME), intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM), @entity29694 ( @entity29694 ), and diffusional kurtosis (DK)-with respect to lesion visibility, conspicuity, contrast, and ability to predict significant @entity263 ( @entity263 ). METHODS: Ninety four @entity1 underwent 3  T MRI including acquisition of b  =  2000  s/mm(2) aDWI and low b-value DWI. High b  =  2000  s/mm(2) cDWI was obtained using ME, IVIM, @entity29694 , and DK models. All images were scored on quality independently by three radiologists. Lesions were identified on all images and graded for lesion conspicuity. For a subset of lesions for which pathological truth was established, lesion-to-background contrast ratios (LBCRs) were computed and binomial generalized linear mixed model analysis was conducted to compare clinically significant @entity263 predictive capabilities of all DWI. RESULTS: For all readers and all models, cDWI demonstrated higher ratings for image quality and lesion conspicuity than aDWI except DK (p  <  0.001). The LBCRs of ME, IVIM, and @entity29694 were significantly higher than LBCR of aDWI (p  <  0.001). Receiver Operating Characteristic curves obtained from binomial generalized linear mixed model analysis demonstrated higher Area Under the Curves for ME, @entity29694 , IVIM, and aDWI compared to DK or PSAD alone in predicting significant @entity263 . CONCLUSION: High b-value cDWI using ME, IVIM, and @entity29694 diffusion models provide better image quality, lesion conspicuity, and increased LBCR than high b-value aDWI. Using cDWI can potentially provide comparable sensitivity and specificity for detecting significant @entity263 as high b-value aDWI without increased scan times and image degradation artifacts.

title: Evaluation of the impact of computed high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging on XXXX detection.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity29694 :: ('MESH:D057896', 'Disease') :: ['stretched exponential', 'SE']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this study on PDR treatment planning of @entity189 , we analysed the dosimetry of traditional X-ray based plans as it presents on MR images. The potential gain of MRI-based dose optimisation was assessed. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 boosted with PDR brachytherapy after external beam therapy were included. The clinical X-ray based plans were projected on MR images. The GTV, HR-CTV and IR-CTV were retrospectively contoured, as well as the bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon. The dose in the critical organs and target coverage was investigated. In a second phase, the plans were manually optimised using the MR information. The objectives were to lower the dose in the critical organs (<or= 85 Gy(alphabeta3) for bladder, <or= 75 Gy(alphabeta3) for rectum and sigmoid colon) and to increase the HR-CTV dose to D90 >or= 85 Gy(alphabeta10). RESULTS: In the X-ray based plans, D(2cc) in bladder and sigmoid colon exceeded the tolerance doses in 10/16 and 7/16 @entity1 , respectively. Coverage of the IR-CTV with the 60 Gy(alphabeta10) was acceptable. D90 of the HR-CTV was below 85 Gy(alphabeta10) in 13 out of 16 @entity1 . After optimisation, the dose constraints in the OAR were not exceeded anymore in any @entity1 . The average D(2cc) dose reduction was 7+/-6 Gy(alphabeta3) in the bladder and 7+/-4 Gy(alphabeta3) in the sigmoid colon for those @entity1 in which the dose constraint was initially exceeded. In addition, an average dose increase of 3 Gy(alphabeta10) was accomplished in the HR-CTV. CONCLUSIONS: MRI-based dose optimisation can play an important role to reduce the dose delivered to the critical organs and to improve target coverage.

title: Potential of dose optimisation in MRI-based PDR brachytherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['utero-vaginal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['cervix carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the inflammatory responses in @entity1 with out-of-hospital @entity1167 , we examined the changes in markers of endothelial activation, neutrophil activation, and @entity130 . DESIGN: Prospective, cohort study. SETTING: General intensive care unit of a tertiary care center. @entity1 AND @entity1 : Forty-four out-of-hospital @entity1167 @entity1 were classified into two groups, those who achieved @entity12464 ( @entity12464 ) (n = 23) and those without @entity12464 (n = 21). Eight normal healthy volunteers served as control subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Serial levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble @entity4105 (sE-selectin) as markers of endothelial activation, neutrophil elastase as a marker of neutrophil activation, and soluble thrombomodulin as a marker of @entity130 were measured during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In @entity1 with @entity12464 , @entity1167 and CPR led to increases in the levels of three vascular endothelial adhesion molecules, neutrophil elastase, and soluble thrombomodulin that peaked 6 h or 24 h after arrival at the emergency department. In @entity1 without @entity12464 , only neutrophil elastase showed moderate elevation during CPR. We could not find significant differences in all measured parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: As evidence of inflammatory responses in whole-body @entity63 and reperfusion, our study demonstrates neutrophil-endothelium interaction with signs of @entity130 in @entity1 with out-of-hospital @entity1167 . These inflammatory changes may have an important role in post-resuscitation syndrome after @entity1 @entity1167 .

title: @entity1167 increases soluble vascular endothelial adhesion molecules and neutrophil elastase associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['return of spontaneous circulation', 'ROSC']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['endothelial injury']


abstract: @entity1209 continues to pose problems for surgical @entity1 . Three studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic intravenous @entity3974 in male and female @entity1 undergoing outpatient surgery. Studies 1 and 2 included a total of 1169 female @entity1 scheduled to undergo surgery on a day case basis. In study 3, 468 male @entity1 scheduled for outpatient surgery were enrolled. @entity1 received @entity3974 or placebo prior to induction of anaesthesia. Efficacy and safety data were collected for 24 h postoperatively. Studies 1 and 2, individually, revealed that @entity3974 4 mg and 8 mg were significantly (p < or = 0.05) better than placebo at preventing @entity391 . A combined analysis showed that the 4 mg and 8 mg doses were significantly (p < or = 0.05) better than @entity3974 1 mg at preventing @entity391 , while 8 mg was not statistically different from 4 mg. Therefore, 4 mg was chosen as the optimal dose. In study 3, @entity3974 4 mg was significantly (p < or = 0.001) more effective than placebo in preventing @entity391 in males. There were no differences between treatment groups with respect to vital signs, laboratory values, or adverse events. Intravenous @entity3974 is safe and effective at preventing @entity1209 in male and female @entity1 undergoing day case surgery.

title: Single dose intravenous XXXX in the prevention of @entity1209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['ondansetron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reports of the direct effects of volatile anesthetics on @entity299 , studied in various @entity1 species but not in @entity1 , have conflicted. To determine whether volatile anesthetics directly affect cardiac contractile proteins in @entity1 , we examined the effects of various equianesthetic doses of @entity1508 (0.46, 0.83, and 1.23 mM, equivalent to 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25%, respectively) and @entity5161 (0.63, 1.22, and 1.93 mM, equivalent to 1.15, 2.30, and 3.50%, respectively) on the @entity141 sensitivity and maximal force in @entity1 skinned cardiac fibers. METHODS: Left ventricular muscle strips were obtained from seven @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. Sarcolemma was disrupted with @entity4527 ( @entity4526 ), and sarcoplasmic reticulum was destroyed with EGTA plus @entity31105 detergent. @entity141 sensitivity was studied by observing the isometric tension developed by skinned fiber bundles challenged with solutions of increasing @entity141 concentrations expressed in pCa (where pCa = -log10[ @entity141 ]). Maximal force was measured with a @entity44435 .8 solution. RESULTS: Both anesthetics shifted the pCa-tension curves toward higher @entity141 concentrations and decreased pCa for half-maximal activation in a dose-dependent and reversible fashion (from 5.71 for control to 5.56 and 5.55 for 1 MAC @entity1508 and @entity5161 , respectively) without changing the slope of this relationship (Hill coefficient). No differences between agents were observed at equianesthetic concentrations. The two agents also decreased the maximal activated tension in a dose-dependent fashion (-27 and -28% vs. control for 2 MAC @entity1508 and @entity5161 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that @entity1508 and @entity5161 decrease @entity141 sensitivity and maximal force in @entity1 skinned cardiac fibers at 20 degrees C. If these effects extend to higher temperatures, they may contribute to the negative inotropic effect of these agents.

title: @entity1508 and XXXX decrease calcium sensitivity and maximal force in @entity1 skinned cardiac fibers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity4526 :: ('CHEBI:30740', 'Chemical') :: ["ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myofibrils']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Most @entity1 with @entity2346 media with effusion (OME) recover spontaneously before adolescence. However, some @entity1 have refractory OME. This study was undertaken to evaluate eustachian tube function and concurrent upper respiratory tract inflammatory conditions in adolescents with refractory OME. METHODS: A group of 83 adolescent @entity1 with refractory OME was identified. Ages range from 10 to 20 years. A control group of 108 @entity1 with OME (ages 4 to 9) serve as the basis for comparison. All underwent both passive and active eustachian tube function testing, dye clearance studies, and a sniffing test. Upper @entity11127 was assessed by roentgenograms of the paranasal sinuses and mucosalivary function. RESULTS: High-pressure tubal opening was demonstrated in 31% of @entity1 with refractory OME. In contrast, 84% of @entity1 with routine OME had normal opening. A marked disturbance of dye clearance was noted in refractory OME cases. Active tubal function during swallowing was disturbed in both adolescent and @entity1 's OME groups without any significant difference between them. Paranasal @entity1244 was identified in 49% of adolescents with refractory OME. In contrast, 78% of @entity1 with OME had abnormality of the sinuses. CONCLUSION: Approximately one half of adolescents with refractory OME have demonstrable organic abnormality of the eustachian tube. These data suggest @entity409 may be more important in refractory OME than upper @entity11127 .

title: @entity2346 media with effusion from viewpoints of XXXX and nasal @entity1244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['tubal dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['eustachian tube dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: The overall aim of this study was to understand the occupational lives of @entity1 with @entity309 . Further aims were to identify the creative agency that occurs while performing these occupations and to understand the socio-cultural aspects of engaging in valued occupations. METHODS: Five @entity1 were recruited and various qualitative methods of data collection were engaged, including open interviews, @entity1 observation and gathering occupational diaries. A combination of thematic and narrative analysis was performed. RESULTS: Findings uncovered six themes, including; changing occupations; environmental factors count; taking control over occupations; being or becoming normal; @entity1 and objects are important; hopes and dreams matter. Subthemes uncovered how individuals constantly adapt and alter their occupations; some radically changing lifestyles for the better, while others work towards regaining occupational control. Meaning of occupations became apparent. @entity1 were creative agents. Work and leisure occupations featured strongly. Objects and other individuals were significant factors to individuals when engaging in occupations. @entity1 strived to be 'normal' in their occupational worlds. CONCLUSION: The implication of these results in relation to professional practice for therapists is that attention should be refocused on the occupational narratives of clients, working with the positive, creative aspects that @entity1 are already employing and building on these in areas that might not been seen as traditional, such as work and leisure.

title: Living well with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: A flexible, transparent, single-walled @entity505 nanotube (SWCNT) film electrode was prepared by vacuum filtering methods, followed by photolithographic patterning of a photoresist polymer on the SWCNT surface. The morphology of the SWCNT film electrode surface was characterized using a field-emission scanning electron microscope coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer. The electrodes were successfully used as a @entity349 -free electrochemical sensor for individual and simultaneous detection of @entity3409 ( @entity3280 ) and lead ( @entity10781 ) in 0.02 M @entity5828 by square-wave stripping voltammetry. Some important operational parameters, including deposition time, deposition potential, square-wave amplitude, and square wave-frequency were optimized for the detection of @entity3280 and @entity10781 . The newly developed sensor showed good linear behavior in the examined concentration. For individual @entity3280 and @entity10781 ion detection, the linear range was found from 0.033 to 0.228 ppm with detection limits of 0.7 ppb (R(2) = 0.985) for @entity3280 and 0.8 ppb (R(2) = 0.999) for @entity10781 . For simultaneous detection, the linear range was found from 0.033 to 0.280 ppm with a limit of detection of 2.2 ppb (R(2) = 0.976) and 0.6 ppb (R(2) = 0.996) for @entity3280 and @entity10781 , respectively. SWCNT film electrodes offered favorable reproducibility of    5.4% and 4.3% for @entity3280 and @entity10781 , respectively. The experiments demonstrated the applicability of @entity505 nanotubes, specifically in the preparation of SWCNT films. The results suggest that the proposed flexible SWCNT film electrodes can be applied as simple, efficient, cost-effective, and/or disposable electrodes for simultaneous detection of heavy metal ions.

title: Electrochemical determination of XXXX and lead on pristine single-walled @entity505 nanotube electrodes.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: Twenty-nine cases of pediatric @entity697 associated with adenovirus genome type 7h were evaluated retrospectively. They constituted 2.4% of 1233 cases of @entity1729 treated in five hospitals in Buenos Aires, between September 1984 and September 1988. @entity55 and @entity5924 were the principal diagnoses. The mean age of @entity1 was 8.8 months and 82.7% of the @entity1 were less than one year of age. None of the @entity1 had previously been exposed to measles or was immunocompromised. A @entity325 , viral or bacterial, was demonstrated in 8 of the 29 @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 developed a severe @entity358 which required intensive care. Ten with a clinical diagnosis of multifocal @entity55 and @entity39 @entity5924 died. Extrapulmonary manifestations were observed in the most severe cases. Observations suggest a possible high pathogenicity of adenovirus type 7h and emphasize the need for adequate control and case management programs.

title: Adenovirus type 7h respiratory infections: a report of 29 cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute lower respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute lower respiratory disease']