abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of @entity6108 in the acute phase of zymosan-induced @entity625 . METHODS: Twenty-eight male @entity35 were subjected to intra-articular infiltration of zymosan of both knees and, in four the infiltration was made with saline. The animals were divided into five groups second received every six hours by gavage: @entity4336 oil by (positive and negative control); @entity6108 (100 mg/kg); @entity229 1 mg/kg/day; @entity229 8 mg/kg. All animals were sacrificed after six, 12, 24 and 48 hours of the infiltration. The knees were removed for evaluation of neutrophil infiltration. The number of neutrophils was counted by computer-assisted analysis of the images. The neutrophil infiltrate was stratified into four grades: 0 = normal; + = mild; ++/+++ = moderate; > ++++ = severe. The results were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the variance by Kruskal-Wallis test adopting a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: @entity6108 reduces inflammatory activity in the first six hours after zymosan-induced @entity625 when compared to saline (p<0.01). This was also observed in animals subjected to administration of @entity229 (1 mg/kg) and those treated with @entity229 (8 mg/kg). @entity6108 was more effective than lower doses of @entity229 in the first six hours after induction of the @entity625 . After 12, 24 and 48 hours, @entity6108 does not have the same anti-inflammatory effects when compared to @entity229 . After 48 hours, @entity229 is more effective than @entity6108 in reducing the inflammatory infiltrate regardless of the dose of @entity229 used. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of @entity6108 reduces @entity32 in the first six hours after experimentally zymosan-induced @entity625 .

title: Oral administration of @entity6108 (Curcuma longa) can attenuate the neutrophil inflammatory response in zymosan-induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin', 'curcumin']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of transmissible @entity311 in apparently healthy blood donors in the city of Jos in north-central Nigeria. METHODS: We collected blood specimens from individuals who had passed the screening criteria for blood donation. We created thin and thick blood films using the blood film template provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). The films were allowed to air dry; then, we stained them using a 3% Giemsa solution and examined them microscopically. In specimens that tested positive the @entity311 species was identified. RESULTS: The highest prevalence of @entity311 was in donors aged between 31 and 40 years (65.1%), whereas the lowest prevalence was in donors aged 20 years or younger (25.0%). @entity3964 was the predominant species (98.0%); the least prevalent was @entity3964 malariae (2.0%). In male donors the prevalence of @entity5895 was 62.0%; the prevalence in female donors was 62.5%. Among paid donors the @entity5895 rate was 82.3%, compared with 22.4% in volunteer donors. Donors who reported their occupation as businessperson (individual who engages in commercial trade, mostly outdoors in a market environment) had the highest prevalence, at 94.3%; students had the lowest prevalence, at 31.9%. CONCLUSION: A high percentage of blood donors in Jos, Nigeria, actually harbor @entity311 , which is cause for concern and more careful donor screening by healthcare professionals in that region is warranted.

title: XXXX in apparently healthy blood donors in north-central Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['malaria parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity5895 :: (MESH:D018512,Disease) :: ['Malaria parasitemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Primary @entity5201 , especially type 1, is a severe disease with multisystem morbidity and high mortality. We present 3 primary @entity42685 @entity1 who underwent liver transplant, including living-donor liver transplant or combined liver and kidney transplant in our institution. CASE REPORTS: @entity1 who underwent liver transplant or combined liver/kidney transplant at our institution were evaluated, retrospectively. Between January 2002 and 2013, there were 3 @entity1 who underwent transplant for primary @entity5201 . All 3 @entity1 had disease onset in childhood, and the definitive diagnosis was established at age < 1, 6, and 8 years. Although early diagnosis was made, primary @entity5201 resulted in @entity454 in 2 @entity1 , and hemodialysis was introduced before liver transplant. All 3 @entity1 underwent living-donor liver transplant. Case 1 was a 10-year-old @entity1 who had an uneventful course after living-donor liver transplant, and she received a living-donor kidney transplant from the same donor 4 months after living-donor liver transplant. Case 2 was a 7-yearold @entity1 who was the younger brother of the first @entity1 ; he did not have @entity454 or any @entity8 after successful living-donor liver transplant. Case 3 was a 3-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed at age 2 months with @entity8 ; although he was discharged from the hospital after living-donor liver transplant, he was readmitted because of unconsciousness that developed 1 day after discharge, and he died because of @entity932 2 months after liver transplant, unable to receive a kidney transplant. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity5201 is a @entity395 that is difficult to diagnose until end-organ damage is severe. Outcomes may be improved with early and accurate diagnosis, aggressive supportive treatment, and correction of the enzyme defect by liver transplant before systemic @entity5201 develops. However, kidney transplant or combined liver and kidney transplant is required in many primary @entity42685 @entity1 because of the delayed diagnosis or long organ waiting time.

title: Liver and kidney transplant in primary XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disorder', 'renal disorders']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5201 :: ('MESH:D006959', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria', 'oxalosis']

entities_list: @entity42685 :: ('MESH:C536414', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria type 1']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity5201 :: (MESH:D006959,Disease) :: ['hyperoxaluria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Liquid-based cytology, because of its capacity to reduce the obscuring factors and to provide thin-layer specimens, represents an opportunity to reevaluate endometrial cytology. In order to assess the utility of the liquid-based method in endometrial diagnosis, we evaluated its accuracy in comparison with histology. METHODS: Nine hundred and seventeen @entity1 scheduled for hysteroscopy were enrolled in the study. After providing informed consent, all the @entity1 proceeded sequentially to hysteroscopy, endometrial cytology and then biopsy endometrial sampling. RESULTS: Cyto-histological correlations were possible in 519 cases (57%): in 361 (39%) cases the biopsy was inadequate, in 15 (2%) the cytology was inadequate, and in 22 (2%) both were inadequate. At biopsy 25 (3%) @entity1 had @entity420 , 5 (1%) had @entity1412 and 21 (2%) had simple non @entity1373 . At cytology two @entity420 and one @entity1412 were underrated as @entity1373 and as @entity1373 ; two simple non- @entity1373 were reported as negative; and eight cases were false positive ( @entity1373 at cytology, negative at biopsy). In our population, the cytology provided sufficient material more often than biopsy (P < 0.04). Sensitivity was estimated at 96%, specificity at 98%, positive predictive value at 86% and negative predictive value at 99%. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that endometrial cytology may be an efficient diagnostic method. It could be applied to selected @entity1 solely or in association with ultrasonography. The combination of these two noninvasive procedures may improve their diagnostic accuracy and reduce unnecessary hysteroscopies, thereby producing benefits for @entity1 and society.

title: Liquid-based endometrial cytology: cyto-histological correlation in a population of 917 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['non-atypical hyperplasia', 'atypical hyperplasias', 'atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to characterize national characteristics of @entity1 who have a total knee replacement complicated by popliteal @entity1317 by incidence and @entity1 demographics. METHODS: All @entity1 with ICD-9 confirmed total knee replacement who had an iatrogenic popliteal @entity1317 were included from the national in- @entity1 sample from 1998 to 2011. Age, gender and race, procedure type, time to popliteal @entity1317 , limb outcome, length of stay and hospital inpatient charges were reported. RESULTS: A total of 1,297,369 @entity1 underwent a total knee replacement of which 43 were complicated by popliteal @entity1317 (0.003%); 93% had @entity571 as their primary diagnosis. The mean age was 61.7        12.3 years. In all, 96% of @entity1 had their popliteal injuries detected intra-operatively or on the day of total knee replacement surgery. The majority of these @entity1 either received stent placement (44%) or peripheral bypass (30%) as their treatment modality for popliteal @entity1317 . There were no amputations or deaths in this cohort. The median hospital charges for this group were  27,570 (2014 USD). CONCLUSION: The national incidence of iatrogenic popliteal @entity1317 in @entity1 undergoing TKR is 0.003%. There were no amputations in our study population and 96% of @entity1 had their injury detected intra-operative or immediately post-operatively.

title: The national incidence of iatrogenic popliteal XXXX during total knee replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injury']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['artery injury']


abstract: The present study investigates the contribution of peripheral @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors to acute nociception and persistent inflammatory @entity158 in the @entity35 . Immunohistochemical localization of the @entity143 receptor one ( @entity6806 ) subunit demonstrates that 47% of unmyelinated axons in the normal digital nerve are positively labeled. In concert with the overall progression of @entity32 following injection of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) in the hind paw, a significant increase in the proportion of @entity6806 -labeled unmyelinated digital axons occurs at 2 and 7, but not 14 days following hind-paw @entity32 . In behavioral studies, we confirm an increased mechanical sensitivity in @entity3795 -injected hind paws. Furthermore, activation of @entity143 receptors following intraplantar @entity143 (1.0 mM) in normal animals results in a mechanical sensitivity similar to that observed in inflamed animals. Conversely, a low concentration of @entity143 (0.5 mM) that has little affect on mechanical thresholds in normal animals produces a significant increase in mechanical sensitivity in the inflamed state. @entity3795 -induced mechanical sensitivity involves @entity143 -receptor activation demonstrated by the observation that injection of @entity3390 alone into the inflamed hind paw returns mechanical sensitivity to normal (pre- @entity32 ) levels. In single-unit studies, there is a dose-dependent increase in @entity143 -induced nociceptor activity in both normal and inflamed skin, but the amount of @entity143 required to induce activation is reduced in inflamed skin. In addition, @entity143 -induced discharge rates and percentage of @entity143 -activated nociceptors are significantly increased in inflamed compared with normal skin, and this activation can be blocked by co-administration of @entity3390 . Exposure of nociceptors in normal skin to 1 mM @entity143 sensitizes the units to reapplication of @entity143 and to heat. Nociceptors that demonstrate sensitization to heat in persistent @entity32 show an enhanced sensitization when exposed to exogenous @entity143 . Thus, peripheral @entity143 receptors not only play an important role in modulating the responses of nociceptors in normal skin, but their upregulation and activation on peripheral nociceptors contributes significantly to the mechanical sensitivity and heat sensitization that accompanies persistent @entity32 .

title: XXXX -induced excitation and sensitization of normal and inflamed nociceptors.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity3 , @entity2704 ) is currently defined as a distinct pathologic entity, @entity2704 , despite its histologically benign appearance. According to the new criteria, the histological and clinical features of @entity2704 are more homogenous. Here, we report three cases of histologically confirmed @entity358 . Two of the three @entity1 complained of @entity662 as the primary symptom, and the other case was detected upon the evaluation of pulmonary nodules found during a health examination after a local recurrence of mandible @entity1567 . All three @entity1 were female with an average age of 48 years. The intervals between the primary @entity1567 and @entity3 to the lung were 14 years, 19 years and 10 years, averaging 14.3 years. Prior to @entity3 to the lung, only one @entity1 experienced local recurrences, at 5 and 19 years after the primary @entity5 resection, while the other two @entity1 both remained disease-free. Computed tomography (CT) or X-ray evaluation demonstrated multiple bilateral lung nodules ranging in size from several millimeters up to 2 cm. Histologically, the pulmonary @entity3 showed a unique growth pattern: the @entity5 cells grew among the interstitial alveoli but did not appear to destructively infiltrate the surrounding tissue. Immunohistochemically, the @entity2704 cells expressed squamous differentiation markers, such as @entity7434 /13 and @entity4206 , while the alveolar epithelial cells stained for @entity10922 and PE10. In this paper, we discuss the clinical behavior, differential diagnosis and unique growth pattern of @entity358 .

title: @entity5 ( XXXX ) in the lung: 3 cases of misdiagnosis as primary lung tumor with a unique growth pattern.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Malignant ameloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary MA']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors', 'metastatic ameloblastoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic ameloblastoma']


abstract: @entity54 (Af) and @entity796 (Pa) are leading fungal and bacterial pathogens, respectively, in many clinical situations. Relevant to this, their interface and co-existence has been studied. In some experiments in vitro, Pa products have been defined that are inhibitory to Af. In some clinical situations, both can be biofilm producers, and biofilm could alter their physiology and affect their interaction. That may be most relevant to airways in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), where both are often prominent residents. We have studied clinical Pa isolates from several sources for their effects on Af, including testing involving their biofilms. We show that the described inhibition of Af is related to the source and phenotype of the Pa isolate. Pa cells inhibited the growth and formation of Af biofilm from conidia, with @entity1577 isolates more inhibitory than non- @entity1577 isolates, and non-mucoid @entity1577 isolates most inhibitory. Inhibition did not require live Pa contact, as culture filtrates were also inhibitory, and again non-mucoid>mucoid @entity1577 >non- @entity1577 . Preformed Af biofilm was more resistant to Pa, and inhibition that occurred could be reproduced with filtrates. Inhibition of Af biofilm appears also dependent on bacterial growth conditions; filtrates from Pa grown as biofilm were more inhibitory than from Pa grown planktonically. The differences in Pa shown from these different sources are consistent with the extensive evolutionary Pa changes that have been described in association with chronic residence in @entity1577 airways, and may reflect adaptive changes to life in a polymicrobial environment.

title: Inhibition of @entity54 and Its Biofilm by XXXX Is Dependent on the Source, Phenotype and Growth Conditions of the Bacterium.

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In the popular news media, public health officials routinely emphasize the health risks of @entity28 and portray weight as under personal control. These messages may increase support for policies designed to reduce rates of @entity28 , but can also increase antifat stigma. Less often, the media cover 'Health at Every Size' or 'Fat Rights' perspectives, which may have the opposite effects. We investigated how exposure to different 'fat frames' shifts attitudes about weight and support for @entity28 policies. METHODS: Across four experiments (N=2187), @entity1 read constructed news articles framing @entity1386 as negative (unhealthy, controllable, acceptable to stigmatize) or positive (healthy, uncontrollable, unacceptable to stigmatize). RESULTS: Compared to @entity1 who read fat-positive frames, @entity1 who read fat-negative frames expressed more: belief in the health risks of being fat (ds=0.95-1.22), belief weight is controllable (ds=0.38-0.55), support for charging @entity28 @entity1 more for health insurance (ds=0.26-0.77), antifat prejudice (in three out of four experiments, ds=0.28-0.39), willingness to discriminate against fat @entity1 (ds=0.39-0.71), and less willingness to celebrate body-size diversity (ds=0.37-0.64). They were also less willing to say that @entity1 at the lower end of the @entity28 range could be healthy at their weights. Effects on support for public policies, however, were generally small and/or non-significant. Compared to a control condition, exposure to fat-positive frames generally shifted attitudes more than fat-negative frames. In Experiment 4, adding a message about the unacceptability of weight-based discrimination to unhealthy/controllable news articles only reduced antifat stigma on one of three measures compared to articles adding a discrimination-acceptable message. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to different news frames of fat can shift beliefs about weight-related health risks and weight-based stigma. Shifting policy attitudes, however, is more challenging.International Journal of Obesity accepted article preview online, 23 September 2015. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.195.

title: Effects of competing news media frames of weight on antifat stigma, beliefs about weight, and support for XXXX -related public policies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity497 continues to be the @entity697 that has the greatest medical and social impact regarding morbidity and treatment costs. @entity1 and the elderly are more susceptible to severe complications, thereby justifying the fact that the prevention measures adopted have focused on these age brackets. Despite the advances in the knowledge of etiology and physiopathology, as well as the improvement in preliminary clinical and therapeutic methods, various questions merit further investigation. This is due to the clinical, social, demographical and structural diversity, which cannot be fully predicted. Consequently, guidelines are published in order to compile the most recent knowledge in a systematic way and to promote the rational use of that knowledge in medical practice. Therefore, guidelines are not a rigid set of rules that must be followed, but first and foremost a tool to be used in a critical way, bearing in mind the variability of biological and @entity1 responses within their individual and social contexts. This document represents the conclusion of a detailed discussion among the members of the Scientific Board and @entity1729 Committee of the Brazilian Thoracic Association. The objective of the work group was to present relevant topics in order to update the previous guidelines. We attempted to avoid the repetition of consensual concepts. The principal objective of creating this document was to present a compilation of the recent advances published in the literature and, consequently, to contribute to improving the quality of the medical care provided to immunocompetent adult @entity1 with @entity497 .

title: Brazilian guidelines for XXXX in immunocompetent adults - 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community-acquired pneumonia', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory Infection']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infectious disease']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: The perinatal outcome and @entity600 in @entity1 born between 1978 and 1987 in Great Britain after @entity52 ( @entity52 ) at Bourn Hall Clinic and the Hallam Medical Centre are presented. The average maternal age was 34.2 years. Multiple births were frequent, constituting 23% of all deliveries; 19% were twins and 4% triplets. There were no quadruplet or higher order multiple births during that period. Twenty-five per cent of all deliveries were preterm. The mean birth weight was 2793 g and was strongly related to multiplicity of pregnancy and gestational age. Overall, 32% of babies had a low birthweight (less than 2500 g) with 6% having a very low birthweight (less than 1500 g). The overall stillbirth and @entity1 mortality rates were two to three times higher than those of @entity1 born after natural conception in England and Wales; this is attributed to the high incidence of multiple births. The stillbirth rates were 5.07, 20.8 and 24.7 per thousand total births in singletons, twins and triplets respectively. The corresponding figures for perinatal mortality were 13.5, 38.2 and 37 per thousand. Overall, 2.5% of the babies had one or more major @entity600 diagnosed within one week of life. This was within the range of expected values in the United Kingdom and there was no significant increase in any specific @entity600 .

title: Perinatal outcome and @entity600 in XXXX babies from the Bourn-Hallam group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in-vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation', 'congenital malformations']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['in-vitro fertilization']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro biomechanical study using aged @entity1 and adolescent porcine discs. OBJECTIVES: To find the leakage pathway and effect of needle gauge on the degree of @entity130 post anular puncture. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal needles are widely used for minimal invasive disc surgeries and @entity1797 /regeneration research. Applications of anular puncture require different diameters of spinal needles. However, the effect of needle diameters on the @entity130 has not been systematically studied yet. METHODS: Four groups of experiments were conducted: 1) porcine thoracic @entity46309 ) @entity1 thoracic disc, 3) porcine thoracic disc with 200 N external loading, and 4) porcine lumbar discs. The disc was punctured consecutively with needles from smaller diameter to larger diameter. After each anular puncture, the quantitative discomanometry technique was conducted to quantify the disc @entity397 pressure and volume. The association between needle gauge and @entity397 pressure and volume was analyzed. RESULTS: The degree of @entity130 increased with the diameter of needle. For an aged @entity1 thoracic disc, the anulus fibrosus cannot hold pressure more than 2 MPa after a 21-gauge-needle-anular-puncture. The leakage pathway of injected saline was through the anular fissure but was through the endplate when the disc was next to an osteoporotic vertebrae. The pressure holding power of porcine disc is stronger than of @entity1 disc. The @entity397 pressure of porcine lumbar disc is higher than of porcine thoracic disc. The axial compressive external loading increased the disc @entity397 pressure. The @entity397 volumes were not affected by the dimension of injury fissure. The @entity397 volume was at level of 0.3 mL without external loading and at 0.2 mL with external loading. CONCLUSION: A spinal needle of < or = 22 gauge and injection volume of < or = 0.2 mL are recommended to prevent postsurgery leakage.

title: The leakage pathway and effect of needle gauge on degree of XXXX post anular puncture: a comparative study using aged @entity1 and adolescent porcine discs.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['disc injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['disc injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether the presence of enhanced @entity1262 gene expression in @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) @entity1 predicts survival, as well as response to @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 (VAD) chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1582 @entity1 refractory to alkylating therapy were studied. The presence of the @entity1262 gene product, a 170-kd glycoprotein (P-170), was analyzed in bone marrow plasma cells by means of the alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique using the P-170-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) C219. The prognostic value of @entity1262 gene expression, examined before VAD treatment, was compared with other established prognostic factors including @entity2262 , albumin, @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), and the plasma cell labeling index. RESULTS: Fifty-nine percent of all samples were P-170-positive. No association could be demonstrated between response to VAD and @entity1262 gene expression (chi 2 P = .359), in contrast to high serum @entity2262 levels, which were positively correlated with response (P = .006). P-170-positive and -negative @entity1 showed a median survival duration of 23 and 22 months, respectively, a difference that was not statistically significant (P = .9). @entity2262 , LDH, albumin, and the plasma cell labeling index were all significantly correlated with survival. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that other mechanisms of resistance must be involved in @entity1582 apart from MDR. The role of MDR status at this stage of disease may be biased by the major contribution of @entity619 to induction of response by VAD in @entity1582 @entity1 .

title: @entity1262 expression and response to @entity1891 , @entity632 , and XXXX chemotherapy in @entity1582 refractory to alkylating agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['MDR-1', 'multiple drug resistance (MDR)-1']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between functional difficulties in using the upper limb and extent and frequency of finger blanching, and the merits of these markers in grading the severity of @entity2407 ( @entity2407 ) and @entity10795 ( @entity10795 ). METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to a randomly selected community sample of 22,194 working-aged adults. Information was collected on cold-induced finger blanching--including the extent and frequency of attacks in the past year, and on difficulty in using the upper limb in several everyday activities (e.g. doing up buttons, opening a tight screwtop jar, and pouring from a jug). Associations were examined by logistic regression with the resultant odds ratios converted into prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: Among 12,907 respondents were 1,359 who reported finger blanching and provided details of its extent and frequency. Of these, 7.4% reported frequent attacks (50 or more over the year), and 12% reported extensive blanching (affecting nine or ten digits). After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects with finger blanching reported an excess of difficulties in using the limb. Thus, in @entity1 with blanching the PR for difficulty with buttons was 4.7 (95% CI 3.9-5.8), and that for pouring from a jug was 3.8 (3.0-4.9) in comparison with @entity1 who had never had blanching. Similar associations were found in @entity1 and in those @entity1 with exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. The risk of reporting difficulties increased markedly with frequency of blanching--up to four- or fivefold in those with 50 or more attacks in the past year compared with those who had none; but differences by extent were less marked, with PRs < or = 1.6 in those with nine to ten digits affected compared with one to two digits. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2407 and @entity10795 are both associated with difficulties in using the upper limb in everyday tasks. Further investigation of potential reporting biases is warranted, but if the associations are causal, frequency of attacks influences impairment more than extent of disease. More account may need to be taken of frequency of blanching episodes in assessing and in compensating subjects with @entity10795 .

title: The clinical grading of @entity2407 and XXXX : relationship between finger blanching and difficulties in using the upper limb.

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['VWF', 'vibration-induced white finger']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ['RP', "Raynaud's phenomenon"]

answer: @entity10795 :: (MESH:D053421,Disease) :: ['vibration-induced white finger']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to observe the inflammatory changes during the therapy for symptomatic @entity2461 (sPDA). METHODS: We investigated biochemically the sample of the tracheobroncheal aspirates (TA) from 11 intubated premature @entity1 . Three i.v. doses of @entity3352 (0.2 mg/kg)were administered with 24-h intervals. The samples were divided into two groups, the effective occasions (n = 10)and non-effective occasions (n = 6). The amounts of @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), soluble @entity1196 (sL-selectin)in TA, and the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of peripheral blood stream and TA were analyzed before and after treatment ofsPDA with @entity3352 . RESULTS: In effective occasions, there were significant decreases of peripheral PMN and @entity3335 and PMN in TA. However, this group had a significant increase of sL-selectin. In non-effective occasions, five out of six samples had decreases of @entity3335 and PMNin TA, but not significantly. In contrast, there was a significant decrease of sL-selectin. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that anti-inflammatory change after closure of sPDA may be caused by not only @entity3352 itself, but also ductal closure itself. However, further study is necessary to clarify the relationship between the closure of the ductus itself and anti-inflammatory action in the lung.

title: Inflammatory changes in the lungs of premature XXXX with symptomaticpatent ductus arteriosus.

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity51538 ( @entity8781 and @entity12610 ) are 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors activated by @entity563 proteases in many cell types, including monocytes-macrophages, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and growth factors. OBJECTIVE: We determined the influence of chronic smoking and @entity565 on the expression of @entity8781 and @entity12610 receptors on alveolar macrophages (AMs). METHODS: We used RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry with confocal microscopy to determine mRNA and protein expression of @entity8781 and @entity12610 in AMs obtained from healthy smokers, @entity748 @entity1 , and healthy subjects. In addition, we examined the effect of @entity1356 and @entity558 . RESULTS: @entity8781 mRNA was decreased, whereas @entity12610 mRNA was increased in 24-hour cultured AMs from smokers when compared with values in AMs from healthy subjects. Paradoxically, there was a higher degree of @entity8781 protein staining in AMs from smokers, whereas @entity12610 staining was similar in smokers and healthy subjects. @entity8781 and @entity12610 mRNA and protein expression were similar in @entity748 @entity1 and control subjects. @entity1356 and @entity558 had no effect on @entity8781 and @entity12610 gene expression by AMs. CONCLUSIONS: There is a dissociation between gene and protein expression of @entity8781 and @entity12610 . @entity8781 protein overexpression in AMs from smokers might be important in the pathophysiology of @entity1030 .

title: Effect of acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli on expression of XXXX in alveolar macrophages.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51538 :: ('2149;2150', 'Gene') :: ['Protease-activated receptors 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic airways disease']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity51538 :: (2149;2150,Gene) :: ['protease-activated receptors 1 and 2']


abstract: Twenty-two variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms - SNPs) of the genes involved in hair pigmentation ( @entity7826 , @entity24245 , @entity22025 , @entity55216 , @entity16269 , @entity55217 , TYR, @entity18259 ) were genotyped in a group of 186 Polish @entity1 , representing a range of hair colours (45 red, 64 blond, 77 dark). A genotype-phenotype association analysis was performed. Using z-statistics we identified three variants highly associated with different hair colour categories ( @entity24246 : @entity4866 in @entity24245 , @entity67120 : @entity14552 and @entity67121 : @entity6344 in @entity22025 ). Two variants: @entity67122 : @entity6344 in @entity7826 and @entity51011 : @entity6993 in @entity16269 showed a high probability of a relation with hair colour, although that probability did not exceed the threshold of statistical significance after applying the Bonferroni correction. We created and validated mathematical logistic regression models in order to test the usefulness of the sets of polymorphisms for hair colour prediction in the Polish population. We subjected four models to stratified cross-validation. The first model consisted of three polymorphisms that proved to be important in the associative analysis. The second model included, apart from the mentioned polymorphisms, additionally @entity51011 : @entity6993 in SLC45A. The third model included, apart from the variants relevant in the associating analysis, @entity67122 : @entity6344 in OCA. The fourth model consisted of the set of polymorphisms from the first model supplemented with @entity51011 : @entity6993 in SLC45A and @entity67122 : @entity6344 in OCA. The validation of our models has shown that the inclusion of @entity51011 : @entity6993 in SLC45A and @entity67122 : @entity6344 in @entity25053 increases the prediction of red hair in comparison with the algorithm including only @entity24246 : @entity4866 in @entity24245 , @entity67120 : @entity14552 and @entity67121 : @entity6344 in @entity22025 . The model consisting of all the five above-mentioned genetic variants has shown good prediction accuracies, expressed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics: 0.84 for the red-haired, 0.82 for the dark-haired and 0.71 for the blond-haired. A genotype-phenotype association analysis brought results similar to those in other studies and confirmed the role of @entity51011 : @entity6993 , @entity24246 : @entity4866 , @entity67120 : @entity14552 and @entity67121 : @entity6344 in hair colour determination in the Polish population. Our study demonstrated for the first time the possibility of a share of the @entity67122 : @entity6344 SNP in the @entity7826 gene in hair colour determination. Including this single nucleotide polymorphism in the actual hair colour predicting models would improve their predictive accuracy.

title: Association of five SNPs with XXXX hair colour in the Polish population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>T']

entities_list: @entity6993 :: ('c|SUB|C||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>G']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A>G']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) for @entity1 with relapsed @entity784 . We reviewed 36 @entity1 with @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ) who underwent ASCT between January 1987 and June 2001. @entity1 had chemosensitive disease, and received high-dose melphalan and @entity2879 with or without total body irradiation supported by unpurged autologous stem cells. Comparisons were made with 97 diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBL) @entity1 . @entity3191 @entity1 had a median age of 46 years (19-62 years). Twenty-nine had relapsed and seven had primary refractory disease. DLBL @entity1 were statistically similar in baseline characteristics. Of @entity1 with @entity3191 , six (17%) died of treatment-related complications and 14 (39%) were in remission with a median follow-up of 42 months (range 6-116 months). Three-year overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) were 48% and 37%, respectively, for @entity3191 , compared with 53% and 42% for DLBL (P = 0.41 and 0.29 respectively). There was no significant prognostic variable found by univariate analysis for the @entity3191 cohort. Major @entity3191 subtypes were analysed for outcomes. The 20 @entity1 with @entity3191 , not otherwise specified ( @entity3191 -NOS), had an inferior EFS compared with DLBL @entity1 (23%, P = 0.028). In contrast, the nine @entity1 with anaplastic large T/null cell lymphoma had a non-significant trend for improved EFS (67%, P = 0.41). While ASCT in @entity1 with relapsed or primary refractory @entity3191 results in long-term remission rates comparable to DLBL @entity1 , those with @entity3191 -NOS do significantly worse.

title: Autologous stem cell transplant for relapsed and refractory XXXX : variable outcome according to pathological subtype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ["T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity3191 :: (MESH:D016411,Disease) :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Congenital @entity26528 is a rare @entity154 which is usually asymptomatic and found incidentally. In some cases, however, @entity1 are symptomatic. Common symptoms include @entity490 , @entity390 , and @entity391 . @entity1087 is present in some symptomatic cases and is due to associated @entity2877 (Fiaschetti et al. 2009). In this case, a 63-year-old female presents with @entity1087 and @entity490 with @entity390 and @entity391 . @entity648 and alkaline phosphatase were found to be markedly elevated. Upper endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed @entity2877 , and the @entity1 required multiple endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) sessions before successful extraction of all stones. Subsequent surgical exploration revealed @entity26528 . Although this is a rare finding, @entity1 with @entity26528 are at increased risk of developing de novo @entity2877 which may be challenging to extract.

title: Gallbladder Agenesis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'Jaundice']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['Bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['episodic right upper quadrant abdominal pain', 'right upper quadrant abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity26528 :: ('MESH:C562564', 'Disease') :: ['agenesis of the gallbladder', 'congenital agenesis of the gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['Refractory Choledocholithiasis']


abstract: 1. Epidemiological and clinical observations suggest the involvement of nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) in @entity308 . Nonetheless, there is no clearcut evidence that @entity1239 and/or @entity15683 antagonists produce an antidepressant effect. 2. In the tail-suspension test (C57/Bl male @entity19 ), @entity1239 (0.8-1.2 mg kg(-1) s.c. or i.p.) given 15-60 min before the measurement exerted no effect on immobility. 3. Given 30 min before the measurement, @entity837 (2 mg kg(-1)) produced a slight decrease in immobility; coadministration of @entity1239 (0.8 mg kg(-1), 15 but not 40 min before the test) to @entity837 -treated @entity19 resulted in a robust decrease in immobility. @entity2645 (4 mg kg(-1)) did not affect immobility, but given in combination with 0.8 mg kg(-1) of @entity1239 (15 but not 40 min before the test), a decrease in immobility was observed. @entity1239 (0.8 and 1.2 mg kg(-1)) also produced an enhancement in the anti-immobility effect of @entity2645 (20 mg kg(-1)). 4. We further investigated if @entity15683 antagonists would influence the antidepressant-like effects of @entity2645 and @entity837 . Unexpectedly, @entity6959 (1-2.5 mg kg(-1)) and @entity6325 (2 mg kg(-1)) potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of @entity2645 (4-20 mg kg(-1)). @entity6959 (2.5 mg kg(-1)) but not @entity6325 also increased the antidepressant-like effect produced by 2 mg kg(-1) of @entity837 . 5. The interaction between @entity15683 antagonists and antidepressants appeared synergistic. 6. Neither @entity15683 ligands, antidepressants nor combinations of the two, affected locomotor activity. 7. The present results demonstrate an unexpected interaction between @entity15683 ligands and @entity2645 and @entity837 in the tail-suspension test.

title: XXXX and nicotinic receptor antagonists potentiate the antidepressant-like effects of @entity2645 and @entity837 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive illness']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine', 'Mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity6325 :: ('MESH:D004079', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydro-beta-erythroidine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine', 'Imipramine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, early results were reported for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after nonmyeloablative conditioning with 2 Gy of total body irradiation with or without @entity3118 and/or rituximab in 33 @entity1 with @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). METHODS: This study examined the outcomes of 70 @entity1 with @entity1073 and included extended follow-up (median, 10 years) for the 33 initial @entity1 . Grafts were obtained from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched, related donors (47%), unrelated donors (41%), and HLA antigen-mismatched donors (11%). RESULTS: The 5-year incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 28%. The relapse rate was 26%. The 5-year rates of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 55% and 46%, respectively. The 10-year rates of @entity1349 and PFS were 44% and 41%, respectively. Eighty percent of surviving @entity1 were off immunosuppression at the last follow-up. The presence of relapsed or @entity66 at the time of HCT predicted a higher rate of relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 2.94; P = .05). Despite this, @entity1349 rates at 5 (51% vs 58%) and 10 years (43% vs 45%) were comparable between those with relapsed/ @entity66 and those undergoing transplantation with partial or complete remission. A high-risk cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) status was the only independent predictor of worse @entity1349 (HR, 2.32; P = .02). A high-risk @entity2834 status and a low CD3 dose predicted PFS (HR, 2.22; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic HCT provides a long-term survival benefit for @entity1 with relapsed @entity1073 , including those with @entity66 or multiple relapses. @entity5 2015;121:3709-3716.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Long-term sustained disease control in @entity1 with XXXX with or without active disease after treatment with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There were few studies on the relation between changes in libido and incidence of @entity64 recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between libido decrease at 2 weeks after @entity64 and recurrent @entity64 at 1-year. METHODS: It is a multi-centered, prospective cohort study. The 14 th item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 was used to evaluate changes of libido in poststroke @entity1 at 2 weeks. @entity64 recurrence was defined as an aggravation of former neurological functional deficit, new local or overall symptoms, or @entity64 diagnosed at re-admission. RESULTS: Among 2341 enrolled @entity1 , 1757 @entity1 had completed follow-up data, 533 (30.34%) @entity1 had decreased libido at 2 weeks, and 166 (9.45%) @entity1 had recurrent @entity64 at 1-year. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with @entity1 with normal libido, the odds ratio (OR) of recurrent @entity64 in @entity1 with decreased libido was reduced by 41% (OR = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-0.87). The correlation was more prominent among male @entity1 (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85) and @entity1 of >= 60 years of age (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: One out of three @entity64 @entity1 in mainland China has decreased libido at 2 weeks after @entity64 . Decreased libido is a protective factor for @entity64 recurrence at 1-year, which is more prominent among older male @entity1 .

title: Impact of Libido at 2 Weeks after @entity64 on Risk of @entity64 Recurrence at 1-Year in a XXXX Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Chinese Stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity386 is a common disorder in older adults and has been shown to affect cognition. Some studies suggest that treatment for @entity386 improves certain @entity73 , but few studies have examined the relationship between compliance and cognitive improvement. We designed a study to answer the following questions about @entity387 , cognition and treatment in older adults: (1) Which neuropsychological (NP) variables are differentially associated with measures of @entity1949 and @entity26 desaturation? (2) Does compliant use of @entity3128 provide a cognitive advantage over noncompliant use? (3) Does NP performance at baseline predict compliance at 3 months? METHOD: Twelve @entity1 were recruited for the study. All had @entity387 with an RDI of 10 or greater. All were also at least 55 years of age, had no other diagnosable @entity25 and had no previous treatment for @entity387 ( @entity387 ). @entity1 were administered a full NP battery before and 3 months after treatment with @entity3128 . RDI at baseline was associated with delayed verbal recall, while @entity26 desaturation was associated with both delayed recall and constructional abilities. Compliant use of @entity3128 at 3 months was associated with greater improvements in attention, psychomotor speed, executive functioning and nonverbal delayed recall. Finally, attention measures predicted compliance at 3 months suggesting that those who were least vigilant at baseline were more likely to comply with treatment. DISCUSSION: Results are discussed in terms of the relevance to targeting special populations for compliance interventions, the ways that treatment may specifically affect older adults and the possible dose-response relationship of @entity3128 .

title: Neuropsychological changes and treatment compliance in older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome', 'SAS', 'sleep apnea', 'polysomnographically defined sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Grading upper tract @entity189 (UTUC) in cell blocks with small distorted tissue fragments can be challenging; interobserver agreement is poor among pathologists. @entity6578 ( @entity6578 ) counting along with nuclear features is important in grading these @entity5 . We evaluated the use of the mitotic-specific marker phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) as an adjunct to @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) stain for grading UTUC in cell blocks. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues from the cell blocks of 61 UTUC were stained with H_E and PHH3 antibody. The grading of @entity5 was performed independently by 3 pathologists, on both H_E-stained and PHH3 plus H_E-stained slides. The grading system used was the 1973 WHO 3-point grading system. Gradings were compared by all the pathologists for H_E staining versus PHH3 plus H_E staining with the Stuart-Maxwell test of marginal homogeneity that accounts for the matched data. RESULTS: The average pairwise agreement by H_E alone was 55%, and 80% by PHH3 plus H_E. CONCLUSION: By adding PHH3 immunostain to the H_E, the agreement in grading the @entity189 among the 3 pathologists improved dramatically. PHH3 immunostain may play an important role in grading UTUC in small cell block samples.

title: Does mitosis-specific marker phosphohistone H3 help the grading of upper tract XXXX in cell blocks?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['Mitotic figure', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinomas']


abstract: In a 5-yr randomized prospective study we examined the treatment effect of @entity172 replacement therapy/hormone replacement therapy ( @entity18437 /HRT), @entity3873 , @entity18437 /HRT and @entity3873 , or placebo for 3 yr and the effect of discontinuation of therapy for 2 more yr on @entity79 ( @entity79 ), calciotropic hormones, markers of bone remodeling, and @entity460 absorption in 489 elderly @entity1 . The treatment phase of the study was double-blinded. After discontinuing therapy for 2 yr, there was rapid @entity604 in all 3 treatment groups, and most of the decrease in @entity79 occurred in the first year. In the @entity18437 /HRT group, spine @entity79 increased 5.5% in yr 3, decreased 3.2% in yr 4, and decreased 0.7% in yr 5; femoral neck @entity79 increased 3.7% in yr 3, decreased 2.5% in yr 4, and decreased 0.4% in yr 5; total body @entity79 increased 2.1% in yr 3, decreased 1.4% in yr 4, and decreased 0.6% in yr 5. In the combination group, spine @entity79 increased 7.1% in yr 3, decreased 4.3% in yr 4, and decreased 0.3% in yr 5; femoral neck @entity79 increased 4.5% in yr 3, decreased 3.0% in yr 4, and decreased 0.01% in yr 5; total body @entity79 increased 2.2% in yr 3, decreased 1.5% in yr 4, and decreased 0.6% in yr 5. In the @entity3873 group, spine @entity79 increased 1.8% in yr 3, decreased 1.8% in yr 4, and showed no change in yr 5; femoral neck @entity79 increased 0.2% in yr 3, decreased 0.2% in yr 4, and decreased 0.6% in yr 5; total body @entity79 decreased 0.4% in yr 3, decreased 0.6% in yr 4, and decreased 0.4% in yr 5. Compared with placebo, all treated groups at yr 5 had significantly higher total body @entity79 ; only the combination group had significantly higher spine @entity79 (3.4%; P < 0.001) and total hip @entity79 (2.4%; P < 0.01.) compared with the placebo group. Compared with baseline, only spine @entity79 in the combination group was significantly higher (2.6%; P < 0.001) at yr 5. The increase in @entity460 absorption and the decrease in serum @entity461 levels in the @entity3873 groups were reversed after discontinuation of treatment, and the decrease in bone markers was reversed in the hormone-treated groups. These results suggest that discontinuation of @entity18437 /HRT and/or @entity3873 therapy in elderly @entity1 leads to a decrease in much of the @entity79 gained on treatment; however, in the combination group there was a statistically significant residual effect on spine @entity79 .

title: Effect of discontinuation of @entity172 , XXXX , and the combination of both on bone density and bone markers.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['calcitriol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a novel mouthrinse containing 0.07% high bioavailable @entity4410 (Crest Pro-Health Rinse) on the development of @entity2522 and plaque versus a placebo control over a period of 6 months. METHODS: This was a randomized, 6-month, placebo-controlled, parallel groups, double blind, single center clinical trial. One hundred thirty-nine generally healthy adults with mild-to-moderate @entity2522 were enrolled in the study. Subjects were given Modified Gingival Index (MGI), @entity548 Index (GBI) and Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (MQH) examinations followed by a dental prophylaxis. Subjects were then randomly assigned to either the @entity4410 ( @entity4411 ) rinse or placebo rinse and instructed to begin rinsing twice a day with 20 ml of their assigned mouthrinse for 30 seconds after brushing their teeth. Subjects were assessed for MGI, GBI and MQH scores after 3 and 6 months of product use. Oral hard and soft tissue examinations were also performed at all visits. RESULTS: 124 subjects were evaluable at Month 3 and 119 at Month 6. After 6 months, subjects rinsing with the CPC rinse showed 15.4% less @entity32 , 33.3% less @entity548 , and 15.8% less plaque relative to the placebo group. All reductions were highly statistically significantly different (P< 0.01). Results were similar at 3 months. Both treatments were well-tolerated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that the Crest Pro-Health 0.07% CPC mouthrinse provided significant antiplaque and antigingivitis benefits when used twice daily for 6 months as an adjunct to toothbrushing.

title: A 6-month clinical trial to study the effects of a @entity4410 mouthrinse on XXXX and plaque.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Gingival Bleeding', 'gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ) as compared to @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the oral cavity. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional population analysis. METHODS: Cases of nonmetastatic @entity189 / @entity957 of the oral cavity were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1988-2013). Kaplan-Meier survivals, stratified according to T stage, were compared between @entity189 and @entity957 for treatment with or without adjuvant @entity1161 . RESULTS: A total of 18,819 @entity189 / @entity957 cases were identified. There were 581 (3.1%) @entity189 (mean age 69.6 years, 48.9% female) versus 18,238 (97.0%) @entity957 (mean age, 65.3, 37.1% female) @entity1 . @entity189 @entity1 receiving surgery alone (N = 539) demonstrated a trend toward improved @entity1349 versus @entity189 @entity1 receiving surgery and @entity1161 (N = 40) (117.0 vs. 71.4 months, respectively, P = 0.119). There was a statistically significant improvement in @entity66 in @entity189 @entity1 receiving surgery alone (217.2 vs. 110.9 months, P = 0.05). @entity189 @entity1 treated with adjuvant @entity1161 demonstrated a trend toward a worse @entity1349 (71.4 vs. 93.0 months, P = 0.992) and @entity66 (110.9 vs. 162.3 months, P = 0.275) compared to @entity957 treated with adjuvant @entity1161 , suggesting a different biology and radiosensitivity between @entity189 and @entity957 . CONCLUSION: @entity189 treated with adjuvant @entity1161 had a worse @entity1349 and @entity66 compared to both @entity189 treated with surgery alone and @entity957 treated with surgery and adjuvant @entity1161 . Consideration should be given to surgical re-section rather than adjuvant @entity1161 in @entity1 with positive margins or local recurrence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2C. Laryngoscope, 2017.

title: Adjuvant radiotherapy is not supported in XXXX with verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Verrucous carcinoma', 'verrucous carcinoma', 'VC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of the current research was to develop a fast and sensitive analytical strategy that allows for the simultaneous measurement of @entity53 and other @entity479 hormones in @entity1 saliva. For this purpose, we established an assay using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) coupled with on-line solid phase extraction (SPE). The protocol was designed for the simultaneous identification of @entity53 , @entity701 , @entity821 , @entity251 , @entity1420 , @entity2819 and @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) from samples of 100  L saliva. After protein precipitation, the sample was injected into the LC-MS/MS system for direct measurement. The protocol involved minimal sample preparation and could be run with throughput times of 5.20min. Results indicated linearity of the method for all @entity479 hormones over ranges of 0.001-10ng/mL (0.01-20ng/mL for @entity2494 ) with linear correlation coefficients of r=0.999 for each @entity479 . Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variance were between 4.3% and 10.8%. The lower limits of quantification (LOQ) were below (or equal to) 5pg/mL for all @entity230 , except for @entity2494 for which the LOQ was 10pg/mL. A re-analysis of 16 saliva samples that had produced unusual @entity53 values when quantified by immunoassay showed normal, endogenous concentrations for all samples when measured by the current method. In conclusion, we describe an LC-MS/MS method which can be routinely employed in physiological and @entity2480 allowing high analytical specificity and sensitivity despite minimal sample processing and short throughput times.

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity53 and six other @entity479 hormones in XXXX saliva using a high throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay.

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['psychological research laboratories']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 1997, the first documented instance of @entity1 @entity1576 and @entity204 associated with a purely avian H5N1 influenza virus resulted in an overall case-fatality rate of 33%. The biological basis for the severity of @entity1 @entity66 has remained unclear. We tested the hypothesis that virus-induced cytokine dysregulation has a role. METHODS: We used cDNA arrays and quantitative RT-PCR to compare the profile of cytokine gene expression induced by viruses A/HK/486/97 and A/HK/483/97 (both H5N1/97) with that of @entity1 H3N2 and H1N1 viruses in @entity1 primary monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. Secretion of @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) from macrophages infected with the viruses was compared by ELISA. By use of naturally occurring viral reassortants and recombinant viruses generated by reverse genetic techniques, we investigated the viral genes associated with the @entity310 response. FINDINGS: The H5N1/97 viruses induced much higher gene transcription of proinflammatory cytokines than did H3N2 or H1N1 viruses, particularly @entity310 and interferon beta. The concentration of @entity310 protein in culture supernatants of macrophages infected with these viruses was similar to that induced by stimulation with @entity526 lipopolysaccharide. The non-structural (NS) gene-segment of H5N1/97 viruses contributed to the increase in @entity310 induced by the virus. INTERPRETATION: The H5N1/97 viruses are potent inducers of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages, the most notable being @entity310 . This characteristic may contribute to the unusual severity of @entity1 @entity66 .

title: Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in @entity1 macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of XXXX disease?

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['H5N1 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ), an initiator of @entity9 , causes @entity1931 . However, few studies have evaluated the pharmacological profile of @entity4991 -induced @entity158 . In this study, a @entity4991 -induced @entity158 model was developed and pharmacologically characterized with clinically relevant drugs used for @entity9 , including antiepileptics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, local anaesthetics/antiarrhythmics and antidepressants. @entity2682 (1-30 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reversed @entity4991 -induced @entity1931 , but neither @entity3352 (30 mg/kg, p.o.) nor @entity1286 (0.3-3 mg/kg, s.c.) did, which indicates that @entity4991 -induced @entity158 consists mostly of @entity1109 rather than @entity158 . Both @entity4481 (0.3-10 mg/kg, p.o.) and   -CgTX MVIIA (0.01-0.03  g/ @entity19 , i.t.) completely reversed @entity4991 -induced @entity1931 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3303 (1-30 mg/kg, s.c.), @entity2683 (1-30 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity2049 (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated @entity4991 -induced @entity1931 dose dependently. @entity1153 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) produced no significant analgesic effect in @entity4991 -induced @entity1931 . In @entity4991 -injected @entity19 , expression of the a2  1 subunit of the voltage-gated @entity460 channel (VGCC) was increased in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, the VGCC current was potentiated in both the DRG from @entity4991 -injected @entity19 and @entity4991 (1  M)-treated DRG from saline-injected @entity19 , and the potentiated VGCC current was amended by treatment with @entity2682 (100  M). The @entity4991 -induced @entity158 model described here mimics aspects of the @entity9 state, including the sensitization of VGCC, and may be useful for the early assessment of drug candidates to treat @entity9 .

title: Pharmacological characterization of @entity4990 -induced XXXX with clinically relevant @entity9 drugs.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity1153 :: ('MESH:C048107', 'Chemical') :: ['Milnacipran']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity551 (BP) is associated with target organ damage and @entity65 . @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with incident @entity3257 . However, the relationship between @entity1319 (REM) sleep and the risk of developing @entity3257 has not been examined. This study investigates whether @entity27 during REM sleep is associated with incident @entity3257 . METHODS: Our sample included 269 adults enrolled in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study who completed two or more 24   h ambulatory BP studies over an average of 6.6   years of follow-up. After excluding @entity1 with prevalent @entity3257 BP or antihypertensive use at baseline, there were 199 and 215 @entity1 available for longitudinal analysis of systolic and diastolic @entity3257 , respectively. @entity27 in REM and non-REM sleep were defined by apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) from baseline in-laboratory polysomnograms. Systolic and diastolic @entity3257 were defined by systolic and diastolic sleep/wake BP ratios >0.9. Modified Poisson regression models estimated the relative risks for the relationship between REM AHI and incident @entity3257 , adjusting for non-REM AHI and other covariates. RESULTS: There was a dose-response greater risk of developing systolic and diastolic @entity3257 BP with greater severity of @entity27 in REM sleep (p-trend=0.021 for systolic and 0.024 for diastolic @entity3257 ). Relative to those with REM @entity6394 event/h, those with REM AHI>= 15 had higher relative risk of incident systolic @entity3257 (2.84, 95% CI 1.10 to 7.29) and incident diastolic @entity3257 (4.27, 95% CI 1.20 to 15.13). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that in a population-based sample, REM @entity27 is independently associated with incident @entity3257 of BP.

title: XXXX during REM sleep and incident @entity551 : a longitudinal analysis of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['disordered breathing during rapid eye movement']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Non-dipping of nocturnal blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-dipping']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Obstructive sleep apnoea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity9275 dehydrogenase ( @entity818 / @entity14051 ) genes are metabolic enzymes, which are frequently mutated in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). The enzymes acquire neomorphic enzymatic activity when they mutated. METHODS: We have investigated the frequency and outcome of the acquired @entity818 / @entity14051 mutations and the @entity818 SNP @entity65497 ( @entity65498 ) in 189 unselected de novo @entity3052 @entity1 by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by direct sequencing. The survival are presented in Kaplan Meier curves with log rank test. Multivariable survival analysis was conducted using Cox regression method, taking age, risk group, treatment, @entity8725 mutations and @entity818 SNP105 genotype into account. RESULTS: Overall, @entity8725 mutations were found in 41/187 (21.7%) of the @entity3052 @entity1 . @entity818 codon 132 mutations were present in 7.9%, whereas @entity14051 mutations were more frequent and mutations were identified in codon 140 and 172 in a frequency of 11.1% and 2.6%, respectively. The SNP @entity65497 was present in 10.5% of the @entity1 , similar to the normal population. A significantly reduced @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for @entity1 carrying @entity14051 codon 140 mutation compared with @entity1 carrying wild-type @entity14051 gene (p   <   0.001) was observed in the intermediate risk @entity1 group. Neither in the entire @entity1 group nor subdivided in different risk groups, @entity818 mutations had any significance on @entity1349 compared to the wild-type @entity818 @entity1 . A significant difference in @entity1349 between the heterozygous SNP variant and the homozygous wild-type was observed in the intermediate risk @entity7801 negative @entity3052 @entity1 (p   =   0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity3052 - @entity1 with @entity14051 mutations or the @entity818 SNP @entity65497 variant can represent a new subgroup for risk stratification and may indicate new treatment options.

title: Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 gene and @entity818 SNP XXXX have a prognostic value in @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity65497 :: (c|SUB|C|105|T,DNAMutation) :: ['105C   >   T']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate prediction of prognosis in @entity5 remains challenging. The aim of this study was to develop a robust model for outcome prediction. METHODS: The study included 220 @entity1 with @entity356 newly diagnosed over a 2-year period. @entity1 were staged and underwent treatment following discussion at a multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting. Clinical and investigative variables were collected, including performance and nutritional status, and serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) level. Primary endpoints were @entity204 within 12 and 24 months. RESULTS: Overall median survival was 13 months. Advanced clinical stage (P < 0.001), reduced performance score (P < 0.001), weight loss exceeding 2.75 per cent per month (P = 0.026) and serum @entity1851 concentration above 5 mg/l (P = 0.031) were identified as independent prognostic indicators in multivariable analysis. A prognostic score was constructed using these four variables to estimate a probability of @entity204 . Applying the model gave an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve of 0.84 and 0.85 for prediction of @entity204 at 12 and 24 months respectively (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This model accurately estimated the probability of @entity204 within 12 and 24 months. This may aid the MDT decision-making process.

title: Clinical prognostic scoring system to aid decision-making in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric or oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly applied to @entity356 surgery. Gastrointestinal tract reconstruction totally done by laparoscopy also has been a challenge for those who developed this procedure. AIM: To describe simplified reconstruction after total or subtotal gastrectomy for @entity356 by laparoscopy and the results of its application in a series of cases. METHODS: In the last four years, 75 @entity1 were operated with @entity356 and two with @entity677 . Thirty-four were @entity1 and 43 @entity1 . The age ranged from 38 to 77 years with an average of 55 years. In two @entity1 with @entity677 a total and a subtotal gastrectomy were performed. In the other 75 @entity1 were done 21 total gastrectomies and 54 subtotal. In all @entity5 , gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was completed with at least 37 lymph nodes removed. Was used in these operations a modified laparoscopic technique proposed by the authors consisting in a latero lateral esophagojejunal anastomosis with linear stapler in TG as well in STG, and reconstruction of the digestive continuity also in the upper abdomen. RESULTS: The intraoperative and immediate postoperative course were uneventful, except for one case of @entity548 due to an opening clip, necessitating re-intervention. The operative time was 300 minutes, with no difference between total or subtotal gastrectomy. The number of lymph nodes removed varied from 28 to 69, averaging 37. Postoperative staging showed one case in T4 N2 M0; 13 in T2 N0 MO; 27 in T2 N1 M0; 24 in T3 N1 M0 and 10 in T3 N2 M0. Complication in only one case was observed on the 10th postoperative day with a small anastomotic leakage in esophagojejunal anastomose with spontaneous closure. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 's evolution with no complications, no mortality and just one small anastomotic leakage with no systemic repercussions is a strong indication of the liability and feasibility of this innovative technical method.

title: Simplified technique for reconstruction of the digestive tract after total and subtotal gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity322 and @entity1142 cannot always be treated successfully by conservative or surgical methods. In these cases regular retrograde @entity694 can reduce the symptoms of the @entity1 and can establish pseudocontinence. The authors present a method of colon cleaning which has been used successfully. The method was introduced in clinical practice by Malone in 1990. The antegrade enema is administered through the appendicostomy. In cases, where the appendectomy was performed earlier, a neoappendix was created from the coecal wall and used for the irrigation of the colon. During procedure the @entity1 injected tap water (300-450 ml) through the (neo-)appendicostomy with a thin catheter. After a short time period this was followed by passing of the stool. The procedure was performed on twelve @entity1 , five female, and seven male @entity1 (mean age: 39.2 years). The indications for the procedure were the following: @entity322 induced by denervation of the pelvic floor in three @entity1 , sphincter @entity130 in two @entity1 and @entity600 in two cases. In addition, combined symptoms of @entity322 and @entity1142 caused by pelvic floor denervation in three @entity1 . Finally, intractable @entity1142 was the reason in two @entity1 . After irrigation, the stool was passed, but the functional result was rather variable. Eight out of twelve @entity1 were satisfied with the result, two @entity1 reported improvement in the @entity1142 , but it failed in one case. In another case, the appendicostomy could not have been used due to surgical complications. The stricture of the (neo-)appendicostomy was observed in two cases. Significant reflux occurred only in one case. CONCLUSION: after adequate @entity1 selection this method can be applied with success.

title: [Antegrade @entity694 is a choice for the treatment of @entity322 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'Faecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic enema']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital sphincter malformation']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine long-term survival and predictors of outcome in a retrospective cohort of @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of recurrent @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ). METHODS: Between January 1991 and March 2001, 41 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for recurrent @entity1822 were identified. The records of these @entity1 were reviewed and abstracted data included @entity1 age, date of initial diagnosis, @entity5 histology and grade, @entity41 after all operations, the use of adjuvant therapy, dates and sites of all recurrences, and disease status at last follow-up. Survival was determined from the time of first recurrence to last follow-up. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and P values were generated using the likelihood ratio test from the Cox proportional hazards model and chi(2) analysis. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 with recurrent uterine @entity1822 (17 local pelvic, 18 distant, 6 both) underwent surgical resection at time of first recurrence. A thoracic procedure alone was performed in 13 cases. Information on residual disease was available for 37 @entity1 . The disease-specific 2-year survival for all 41 @entity1 was 71.2% (95% CI: 58.1, 87.3). In univariate analysis, time to first recurrence and optimal resection were significantly associated with longer overall survival. CONCLUSION: Optimal surgical resection for recurrent @entity1822 may provide an opportunity for long-term survival in a select @entity1 population. Time to first recurrence and optimal surgical resection were predictors of improved outcome in this study.

title: Surgical resection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary recurrences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma', 'LMS']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet activation and aggregation are critical in the pathogenesis of @entity64 ( @entity64 ). Circulating platelet microparticles (PMPs) and platelet parameters are biologic markers of platelet function in @entity64 @entity1 ; however, their associations with @entity64 subtypes and @entity1188 volume remain unknown. METHODS: We recruited 112 @entity64 @entity1 including large-artery @entity731 (LAA) and @entity432 [ @entity432 ] subtypes and 35 controls in this study. Blood samples were collected at admission and after antiplatelet therapy. The levels of circulating PMPs and platelet parameters (mean platelet volume [ @entity6688 ], platelet count, plateletocrit, and platelet distribution width) were determined by flow cytometry and hematology analysis, respectively. @entity1188 volume was examined at admission by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: (1) The levels of circulating PMPs and @entity6688 were significantly elevated in @entity64 @entity1 compared with healthy controls; (2) the level of circulating PMPs, but not platelet parameters, was decreased after antiplatelet therapy in @entity64 @entity1 ; (3) the @entity1188 volume in LAA subtype was larger than that in @entity432 subtype. Notably, circulating PMP level was positively correlated with the @entity1188 volume in LAA subtype. No association with @entity1188 volume in either @entity64 subtype was observed for platelet parameters; and (4) according to the regression analysis, circulating PMP was an independent risk factor for the @entity1188 volume in pooled @entity64 @entity1 after adjustments of other impact factors ( @entity101 and @entity6 ). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that circulating PMP level is associated with @entity131 of @entity64 , which offers a novel evaluation parameter for @entity64 @entity1 .

title: The Role of Circulating Platelets Microparticles and Platelet Parameters in Acute Ischemic Stroke XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['SAO', 'small-artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Spinal anesthesia can be challenging in @entity1 undergoing @entity2720 because of poorly palpable surface landmarks and age-related changes in the lumbar spine. We hypothesized that pre-procedural ultrasound imaging would be effective in identifying the lumbar intervertebral spaces and would provide an accurate measure of the depth to the intrathecal space. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 undergoing elective @entity2720 were recruited in this prospective descriptive study. Using a curved-array 2-5 MHz transducer, the lumbar spine was imaged in two views, i.e., @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) and transverse midline (TM). The intervertebral levels were identified by counting upwards from the sacrum. The locations of the interlaminar spaces were identified by visualizing the ligamentum flavum-dura mater complex and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body. The needle insertion point for a midline approach was determined from the ultrasound examination and was marked on the skin of the @entity1 's back. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 67 +/- 10 yr, and 46% of the @entity1 had a body mass index >30 kg . m(-2). Surface landmarks were difficult or impossible to palpate in 38% of the @entity1 . The scan quality on the @entity1653 and TM views was adequate or better in 100 and 98% of the @entity1 , respectively. Dural puncture was achieved with one needle insertion attempt and within two needle insertion attempts in 84% and 98% of the @entity1 , respectively. The ultrasound-measured depth to the intrathecal space correlated well with the actual needle insertion depth (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.82, accuracy 0.95, precision 0.86), with a tendency to overestimate the depth by just 2.1 +/- 5.4 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound imaging of the lumbar spine provides clinically useful information that can facilitate spinal anesthesia in the older orthopedic @entity1 population.

title: An ultrasound-assisted approach facilitates spinal anesthesia for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['LP', 'longitudinal parasagittal']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['total joint arthroplasty']


abstract: A chronic model of @entity101 was created by iliofemoral venous ligation in the left hindlimb of eight greyhounds (right limb control). Prior to ligation, immediately postligation (T0), and at 2, 4, 6, and 15 weeks postligation (T2-T15), bilateral hindlimb venous pressures were measured at rest. At T2-T15, exercise pressures were measured for 5 min after hindlimb muscle contraction induced under sedation by tetanic (20 sec, 50 Hz, 8 mA) stimulus (S30-S300 sec). Resting and exercise pressures were significantly higher in the ligated hindlimb at all time intervals (resting, P less than 0.001 at T0, T2, T4, T6, and P less than 0.025 at T15; exercise, P less than 0.001 for S30-S300 at T2-T15). In five of the animals at 15 weeks, a cross-femoral venous bypass (CFB) with adjacent adjuvant @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) was constructed using autologous external jugular vein. Venous pressures were measured at 2 and 6 weeks post-CFB both at rest and after tetanic muscle stimulation. At 2 weeks, venous pressure in the ligated limb was significantly higher than that in control only after exercise (P less than 0.025 at S30-S120; P less than 0.05 at S150-S180; NS at S240-S300). At 6 weeks, venous pressures were not significantly different at rest or with exercise. All five grafts were patent at 6 weeks. Three of five @entity235 then successfully underwent ligation of the @entity2548 . At 2 weeks post- @entity2548 ligation there was no difference in resting or exercise venous pressure in the ligated limb compared to control. At 6 weeks post- @entity2548 ligation only two @entity235 remained for monitoring and in these there was no trend toward @entity101 in the ligated hindlimb. Graft patency was maintained despite @entity2548 ligation.

title: XXXX model for surgical correction of chronic @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula', 'AVF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: The present experiment examined whether @entity4900 ( @entity4901 ), a serotonergic releasing/depleting agent, would block the memory-enhancing effect of @entity2607 in @entity35 with @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-induced unilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (uni-nbM). Six groups of subjects with uni-nbM lesions in addition to an isolated sham-operated control group were included. Subjects were trained and tested 72 h later on a one-trial passive avoidance task. Thirty minutes before training, @entity35 with uni-nbM lesions were injected with either 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg @entity4901 or saline. Immediately after training, approximately half the subjects in each group were injected with either saline or 0.06 mg/kg @entity2607 . Animals in the sham group received saline injections. Saline-injected animals with uni-nbM lesions performed poorly at test, a deficit that was reversed with @entity2607 . Pretraining injections of @entity4901 blocked @entity2607 's memory-enhancing effect, although motor impairment during training may have contributed to decrements in test performance in animals injected with 5.0 mg/kg. Subjects were killed about 10 days later and their frontal cortices examined for @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ). Results from the neurochemical analysis revealed that the lesion decreased @entity4268 levels and that the injection of 1.0 mg/kg @entity4901 exaggerated this lesion-induced depletion. Implications for the interaction between @entity934 and @entity750 are discussed.

title: XXXX blocks @entity2607 -induced memory enhancement in @entity35 with unilateral nucleus basalis lesions.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4900 :: ('MESH:D010133', 'Chemical') :: ['p-chloroamphetamine']

answer: @entity4900 :: (MESH:D010133,Chemical) :: ['p-Chloroamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity1032 in violent crime is elusive, and there are harmful stereotypes that mentally ill @entity1 are frequently violent criminals. Studies find greater psychopathology among violent offenders, especially convicted homicide offenders, and higher rates of violence perpetration and victimization among those with @entity1032 . @entity10204 may be one way in which @entity1032 contributes to violent and/or criminal behavior. Although there are many stereotyped portrayals of individuals with @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ) being violent, the link between @entity4785 and crime is rarely researched. METHODS: We reviewed the extant literature on @entity4785 and violence and found it is limited to case study reviews. The present study addresses this gap through assessing 6-month criminal justice involvement among 173 individuals with @entity4785 currently in treatment. We investigated whether their criminal behavior is predicted by @entity1 self-reported dissociative, @entity1005 and @entity1109 , as well as clinician-reprted @entity308 and @entity734 . RESULTS: Past 6  month criminal justice involvement was notably low: 13% of the @entity1 reported general police contact and 5% reported involvement in a court case, although either of these could have involved the DD individual as a witness, victim or criminal. Only 3.6% were recent criminal witnesses, 3% reported having been charged with an offense, 1.8% were fined, and 0.6% were incarcerated in the past 6  months. No convictions or probations in the prior 6  months were reported. None of the symptoms reliably predicted recent criminal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: In a representative sample of individuals with @entity4785 , recent criminal justice involvement was low, and symptomatology did not predict criminality. We discuss the implications of these findings and future directions for research.

title: XXXX and violent behavior: the role of dissociation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['dissociative disorders', 'DDs']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['emotion dysregulation symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['Emotion dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity472 leads to the derangement of cardiac function and contraction mode because of chronic pressure overload that is relieved after surgical valve replacement. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in left ventricular systolic rotation and contraction using MR tagging in @entity1 with @entity472 before and after surgical valve replacement compared with age-matched healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity472 were examined with an electrocardiographically triggered two-dimensional tagging sequence at 1.5 T before and 12 months after surgical valve replacement for the evaluation of wall function of the apical, mid ventricular, and basal levels. Eight healthy volunteers in the same age group served as the control group. RESULTS: Before surgery, all @entity1 showed a significant increase of @entity717 (22.2 degrees +/- 5.9 degrees vs 10.3 degrees +/- 2.5 degrees, p < 0.0001) and overall left ventricular torsion (25.1 degrees +/- 6.6 degrees vs 14.5 degrees +/- 3.7 degrees, p < 0.001); basal rotation was not significantly different (-2.9 degrees +/- 2.1 degrees vs -4.2 degrees +/- 1.9 degrees, p = not significant) compared with the volunteer group. @entity717 and torsion were negatively correlated with left ventricular mass (r = -0.73, p < 0.01, and r = -0.61, p < 0.05, respectively) and end-diastolic volume (r = -0.73, p < 0.01 and r = -0.64, p < 0.03, respectively). One year after surgery, basal rotation was reduced in the @entity1 with @entity472 compared with the @entity1 in the control group (-1.9 degrees +/- 1.8 degrees, p < 0.01). In comparison with preoperative values, @entity717 (14.2 degrees +/- 3.6 degrees, p < 0.01) also decreased but was still elevated, and this resulted in a normalization of left ventricular torsion (16.1 degrees +/- 3.7 degrees, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Surgical valve replacement for @entity472 leads to normalization of the left ventricular torsion 1 year after surgery. Pressure overload before surgery is associated with an increase of systolic left ventricular wringing motion, possibly serving as a compensatory mechanism. This mechanism declines with increasing @entity4346 and dilatation.

title: Cardiac systolic rotation and contraction before and after valve replacement for XXXX : a myocardial tagging study using MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['apical rotation', 'Apical rotation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']