abstract: PURPOSE: We previously suggested that osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in the process of deposited @entity460 crystals adhesion to cells in the early stages of @entity1791 . To further confirm this theory, we tried to inhibit OPN expression at the translational level and examined its cellular biological consequence on the formation and adhesion process of crystals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We synthesized antisense and sense oligonucleotide corresponding to an appropriate part of the coding sequence for OPN in Madin Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells. With the aid of lipofection reagent @entity11505 , antisense and sense oligonucleotide were introduced into MDCK cells grown in a confluent monolayer. After further incubation, inhibition of OPN expression in the cells was assessed by immunofluorescence photomicrography, and formation of @entity3835 crystals was quantitated by incorporation of 45Ca into the stone and visualized by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). RESULTS: Antisense oligonucleotide at concentrations higher than 20 microM inhibited synthesis of OPN. Incorporation of 45Ca into the calculus stone was inhibited by the addition of oligonucleotide in a concentration dependent manner in a range above 20 microM. More than 90% of incorporation was inhibited at 50 microM as compared to control. Inhibition of @entity460 crystal formation was confirmed by @entity4653 . CONCLUSIONS: OPN was shown as a major component in the extracellular matrix involving the formation and adhesion of @entity460 crystals in the distal renal tubular cells, suggesting that OPN plays an important role in stimulating deposition and adhesion of calculus crystals to cells in the early stages of @entity1791 .

title: Osteopontin antisense oligonucleotide inhibits adhesion of XXXX crystals in Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney cell.

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity3835 :: (MESH:D002129,Chemical) :: ['calcium oxalate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To document covariates which contribute to inter-individual variability in @entity1875 pharmacokinetics in preterm and term neonates. METHODS: Population pharmacokinetics were estimated (non-linear mixed effect modelling) based on the arterial blood samples collected in (pre)term neonates after i.v. bolus administration of @entity1875 (3 mg kg(-1), 10 s). Covariate analysis included postmenstrual age ( @entity4515 ), postnatal age (PNA), gestational age, weight, and serum @entity1011 . RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-five arterial concentration-time points were collected in 25 neonates. Median weight was 2930 (range 680-4030) g, @entity4515 38 (27-43) weeks, and PNA 8 (1-25) days. In a three-compartment model, @entity4515 was the most predictive covariate for clearance (P<0.001) when parameterized as [CL(std).( @entity4515 /38)(11.5)]. Standardized @entity1875 clearance (CL(std)) at 38 weeks @entity4515 was 0.029 litre min(-1). The addition of a fixed value in neonates with a PNA of >/=10 days further improved the model (P<0.001) and resulted in the equation [CL(std).( @entity4515 /38)(11.5) +0.03] for neonates >/=10 days. Values for central volume (1.32 litre), peripheral volume 1 (15.4 litre), and peripheral volume 2 (1.29 litre) were not significantly influenced by any of the covariates (P>0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4515 and PNA contribute to the inter-individual variability of @entity1875 clearance with very fast maturation of clearance in neonatal life. This implicates that preterm neonates and neonates in the first week of postnatal life are at an increased risk for accumulation during either intermittent bolus or continuous administration of @entity1875 .

title: Inter-individual variability in XXXX pharmacokinetics in preterm and term neonates.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: A number of studies show that the idea that inhibition of cyclooxygenase is the sole mechanism of NSAID-induced @entity344 is no longer tenable. We re-examined various aspects of the mechanism of small intestinal damage due to NSAIDs in @entity35 . Subcellular organelle marker enzyme studies show selective alterations in mitochondrial and brush border marker enzymes. Electron microscopy shows changes compatible with uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In vitro, all common acidic-NSAIDs (n = 15) were found to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation at concentrations (microM) easily achievable within intestinal epithelium. Experiments in bile duct ligated animals show that intact @entity3352 within the gastrointestinal lumen is required for uncoupling. Relative importance and pathophysiological consequences of uncoupling and inhibition of cyclooxygenase were assessed following administration of R and S @entity8726 : the former selectively uncouples whilst the latter is also an effective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. @entity23393 uncoupled in vitro and in vivo, increased intestinal permeability and caused mild @entity32 , but had not significant effect on prostanoid levels and produced no @entity1066 . S flurbiprofen uncoupled and increased intestinal permeability equally but was associated with significant decreases in intestinal prostanoid levels, more @entity32 and numerous @entity1066 . Collectively these studies suggest that uncoupling may underlie the "topical" phase of NSAID damage which leads to increased intestinal permeability and @entity32 , but concomitant inhibition of cyclooxygenase is essential to drive the @entity32 to @entity1066 .

title: Early pathogenic events in NSAID-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23393 :: ('CHEBI:38666', 'Chemical') :: ['R flurbiprofen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal damage']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal damage']


abstract: n 1987 the results of the Consensus study were published, and showed that @entity4688 , an angiotensin convertor enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), was able to modify the clinical course of the @entity712 thereby reducing mortality. Other ACEI later demonstrated the same effect on the different degrees of symptomatic @entity712 , @entity1002 , @entity583 and more recently in @entity6 @entity1 . In 1996 studies on the betablockers @entity1405 , @entity2179 and @entity1406 showed their efficacy in reducing deaths due to progressive @entity299 and @entity944 in @entity712 . The RALES study showed that small doses of @entity1482 also improved the prognosis on this disease. Digital improves the quality of life but not the survival rate. Only @entity2643 (among the antiarrhythmics) reduces @entity944 . Other drugs and groups of drugs can not be considered for chronic outpatient treatment of @entity712 . Multicenter trials make it possible to obtain scientific evidence for establishing rational treatments. Many groups of @entity1 such as @entity1 , elderly @entity1 and the more severe cases of the disease are often not included in these trials. Occasionally, multicenter trials are badly designed (CIBIS and @entity2826 ), which in the case of betablockers, led to a substantial delay in their administration. Other times, as in the ELITE study, the results were badly interpreted. The knowledge obtained from these studies is slow in reaching @entity1 , with few @entity1 taking betablockers. It is known that most @entity1 do not take the doses found to be effective in multicenter trials.

title: [Clinical trials on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure syndrome', 'chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart impairment']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: A healthy 16-year-old male suddenly developed paraesthesiae in his hands during heavy manual labour. He was able to walk to the nearest doctor's practice himself. The symptoms worsened dramatically, and within a short period of time @entity1167 occurred. After resuscitation and intensive care, @entity1688 due to a high cervical @entity602 was diagnosed. The @entity1 died 70 days later without any changes in the neurological symptoms. Post mortem revealed severe focal @entity75 in the cervical spinal cord in a mixed arterial/venous distribution, but no evidence of direct traumatic changes in the spinal cord, the spine or the soft tissues. All other possible causes than @entity130 were excluded. The clinical development of the symptoms suggest that this spinal @entity602 should be classified as a secondary traumatic @entity1566 caused by a subluxation of the cervical spine. The pathogenesis of post-traumatic @entity16 to the spinal cord appears to be related to @entity49 resulting in the formation of microthrombi. Impaired microcirculation in a limited area and for a limited period of time may have caused the irregularly distributed @entity39 .

title: Dramatic development of XXXX in a young @entity1 while engaged in heavy manual labour: a post-traumatic @entity1566 ?

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic damage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord lesion']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['localized hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['quadriplegia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the spectrum of @entity146 posterior @entity989 of @entity3465 and outcome after laser treatment. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 81 eyes of 44 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed to have @entity146 posterior @entity989 of @entity3465 and treated between September 2005 and March 2007 from a large tertiary care center in North India. Qualitative variables were tested for statistical significance using the chi-square test and independent samples with the student's t-test. RESULTS: Mean birth weight and gestational age were 1,259.66 +/- 310.51 g (range, 660-2,000 g) and 29.75 +/- 2.35 weeks (range, 26-36 weeks), respectively. Twenty-one @entity1 (47.72%) had a birth weight > 1,250 g. Thirty-three (40.74%) eyes had Zone 1, and 48 (59.26%) had posterior Zone 2 disease. All eyes underwent confluent laser photocoagulation at a mean postconceptional age of 34.58 +/- 2.19 weeks (range, 31-40.5 weeks). Mean follow-up was 12.8 months (range, 6-24 months). At the last follow-up visit, 55 (71.4%) of 77 eyes had a favorable outcome. Eighteen eyes (23.4%) had a localized (1-3 clock hours) partial peripheral tractional detachment (Stage 4a), which remained stable at last follow-up. Two eyes (2.6%) developed @entity54772 fold involving the macular area, and 2 (2.6%) developed Stage 5 @entity989 of @entity3465 . CONCLUSION: @entity146 posterior @entity989 of @entity3465 is encountered not only in low birth weight @entity1 , but also in heavier and more mature Asian Indian @entity1 . Early, @entity146 confluent laser photocoagulation is necessary to maximize outcomes in these eyes.

title: XXXX posterior @entity989 of @entity3465 in Asian Indian babies: spectrum of disease and outcome after laser treatment.

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive', 'Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Aggressive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Torso sonography (focused assessment with sonography for @entity130 [FAST]) has been added to our protocols for the evaluation of penetrating @entity130 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate our recent experience and determine whether the use of FAST is beneficial. METHODS: From January 1999 to January 2000, @entity1 with penetrating @entity130 and no clinical indication for surgery were evaluated by sonography with a selective use of other investigations. FAST consisted of sonographic views of the peritoneum and/or pericardium to determine the presence or absence of fluid. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 238 victims of penetrating injury assessed by our @entity130 service, and sonography was performed in 72 (30%) @entity1 as per our protocols. There were 31 stab, 37 gunshot/shotgun and, and 4 puncture wounds. Thirty-eight @entity1 had peritoneal views, 6 @entity1 had pericardial views, and 28 @entity1 had both pericardial and peritoneal views obtained. Thirteen of 66 @entity1 had free fluid in the peritoneal cavity and 12 of the 13 @entity1 had a therapeutic laparotomy. No peritoneal fluid was seen in 53 of 66 @entity1 , of whom 6 had @entity3511 , 5 requiring surgery for diaphragm or bowel injuries. The sensitivity of FAST alone for @entity3511 was 67%, specificity was 98%, positive predictive value was 92%, and negative predictive value was 89%. Pericardial fluid was seen in 3 of 34 @entity1 ; one had a heart wound and two had negative pericardial windows. All 31 @entity1 without pericardial fluid recovered without surgery. CONCLUSION: The routine use of sonography in penetrating @entity130 is beneficial. The detection of pericardial or peritoneal fluid is clinically useful. However, a negative FAST examination does not exclude @entity3511 , such as a diaphragm or hollow viscus wound, and further investigation or close follow-up is required.

title: The routine use of sonography in penetrating XXXX is beneficial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury', 'abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['torso injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['torso injury']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of recurrence of deep @entity46 after conservative surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 : One hundred fifteen symptomatic @entity1 operated on in our department from 1996 through 2002 with postoperative follow-up of at least 12 months. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent conservative surgery for deep infiltrating @entity46 . MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Risk factors for recurrence of symptoms and clinical findings and for repeated surgery were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. During follow-up, we observed 28 @entity1 with @entity158 recurrence and 15 @entity1 with recurrent clinical findings, and 12 @entity1 required reoperation for deep @entity46 . Recurrence rates of @entity158 and clinical findings during 36 months were 20.5% and 9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that only age was a significant predictor of @entity158 recurrence (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.81-0.99, p<.05), enhancing the risk in younger @entity1 . Recurrence of clinical signs of deep @entity46 was predicted by obliteration of the pouch of Douglas (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.16-16.2, p<.05). Reoperation for deep @entity46 was predicted only by the incompleteness of first operation (OR 21.9, 95% CI 3.2-146.5, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that age, obliteration of the pouch of Douglas, and surgical completeness may have a significant influence on the recurrence of the disease.

title: Surgical treatment of deep XXXX and risk of recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the prognostic value of quality-of-life (QL) scores in the adjuvant setting and after relapse in two randomized trials of the International @entity0 Study Group. @entity1 AND METHODS: More than 2,000 premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 who were participating in randomized trials that compared adjuvant therapies completed QL assessments for physical well-being, mood, appetite, and coping at study entry and at months 3 and 18 if they remained relapse-free and, in case of relapse, at 1 month and at 6 months after relapse. Cox regression models were used to test the relationship between QL scores and disease-free survival (DFS), in the adjuvant setting, or overall survival, in the case of postrelapse QL measurement. All models were stratified by language/country group and included other factors related to QL and/or outcome. RESULTS: DFS was not significantly predicted by QL scores at baseline or month 18, or by changes in QL score between baseline and months 3 or 18. In contrast, after relapse, QL scores were predictive for subsequent overall survival. One month after relapse, better mood (P =.04) in premenopausal @entity1 and better appetite (P =.005) in postmenopausal @entity1 were associated with longer survival. Six months after relapse, better physical well-being (P =.03) and appetite (P =.03) in premenopausal @entity1 and better physical well-being (P <.0001), mood (P =.002), appetite (P =.0001), and coping (P =.0001) in postmenopausal @entity1 predicted longer survival. CONCLUSION: Any prognostic significance of QL scores in the adjuvant setting is minimal or obscured by chemotherapy effects, but there is strong prognostic significance of QL scores after disease relapse. The contrast suggests that @entity1 perception of the severity of underlying illness may determine reported QL scores.

title: Quality-of-life scores predict outcome in metastatic but not early @entity0 . International XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: This study assessed spatial memory and orientation strategies in @entity54785 . In the presence of @entity227 , six sharks were trained in a fixed turn response. Group 1 started from two possible compartments approaching two goal locations, while group 2 started from and approached only one location, respectively. The learning criterion was reached within 9      5.29 (group  1) and 8.3      3.51 sessions (group 2). Transfer tests revealed that sharks had applied a direction strategy, possibly in combination with some form of place learning. Without visual cues, sharks relied solely on the former. To identify the underlying neural substrate(s), @entity4519 were lesioned and performance compared before and after surgery. Ablation of the dorsal and medial pallia only had an effect on one shark (group 1), indicating that the acquisition and retention of previously gained knowledge were unaffected in the remaining four individuals. Nonetheless, the shark re-learned the task. In summary, @entity54785 can utilize fixed turn responses to navigate to a goal; there is also some evidence for the use of external @entity227 while orienting. Probably, strategies can be used alone or in combination. Neither the dorsal nor medial pallium seems to be responsible for the acquisition and processing of egocentric information.

title: The shark XXXX can orient using turn responses before and after partial telencephalon ablation.

entities_list: @entity54785 :: ('586796', 'Species') :: ['Chiloscyllium griseum', 'C. griseum']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual landmarks']

entities_list: @entity4519 :: ('MESH:C536954', 'Disease') :: ['telencephalic']

answer: @entity54785 :: (586796,Species) :: ['Chiloscyllium griseum']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of 3 different application strategies for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on @entity16 -induced @entity1931 and dorsal horn neurotransmitter content. @entity35 were treated with high-frequency, low-frequency, or a combination of high and low-frequency stimulation. TENS was delivered through self-adhesive electrodes daily for 1 hour to @entity35 with a right-sided @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ). Stimulation was delivered to skin or acupuncture points on the left and mechanical and thermal @entity158 thresholds were assessed in the right hind paw. Neurotransmitter content was assessed bilaterally in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Daily, high-frequency or a combination of high- and low-frequency TENS reduced mechanical (P < .001), but not thermal @entity1931 in the right hind paw when compared with untreated @entity8638 @entity35 . Daily high frequency TENS elevated the dorsal horn synaptosomal content of @entity1246 bilaterally (P < .014) and a combination of high- and low-frequency TENS elevated the dorsal horn content of @entity492 (P < .001), @entity2227 (P < .001) and @entity2228 (P < .001) bilaterally over that seen in untreated @entity8638 @entity35 . The present findings support a contralateral approach to the application of TENS and suggest that distinct strategies for TENS application may differentially alter neurotransmission in the central nervous system. PERSPECTIVE: Because @entity8638 @entity35 are reminiscent of @entity1 with @entity16 , daily high or a combination of high- and low-frequency TENS may reduce mechanical @entity1931 in @entity1 with @entity9 . Because the 2 intervention strategies produce distinctive alterations in spinal cord neurotransmitter content, each may represent a distinctive option for treatment.

title: Contralateral high or a combination of high- and low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces mechanical XXXX and alters dorsal horn neurotransmitter content in neuropathic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['allodynia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological features and therapeutic response of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 with @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ). METHODS: 62 @entity8 @entity1 were enrolled between January 2002 and December 2008, and divided into two groups including Group A: @entity1 with @entity1987 -like pathological features, and Group B with non- @entity1987 pathologic pattern. The clinicopathological features, treatments, and responses were then analyzed. RESULTS: 13 (21.0%) @entity1 exhibited @entity1987 -like pathological changes. @entity1 in Group A presented more prominent @entity644 , @entity4988 but higher hemoglobin and no incidence of @entity177 compared to Group B (p < 0.05). 62 @entity1 were treated with corticosteroid, and the complete remission rate in Group A is higher than that in Group B (84.6% vs. 34.7%, p = 0.008), but the relapse rate is much higher in Group A (53.8% vs. 20.4%, p = 0.03). 21 @entity1 were treated combining with immunosuppressant due to unresponsiveness or relapse, which yielded a high re-remission rate in Group A (100%). After follow-up of 53.9    26.9 months, the 5-year renal survival rate is higher in Group A (100%) than that in Group B (84.7%), but no significant difference was observed (p = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1987 -like pathological changes exist in quite a few @entity8 @entity1 . These @entity8 @entity1 responded well to corticosteroid monotherapy but had a higher rate of relapse. Though manifesting with severe @entity1985 symptoms, they tended to have a favorable clinical outcome probably due to the minimal pathological changes. Nevertheless, larger sample size and longer follow-up periods are needed for better understanding of the disease.

title: Clinicopathologic features and treatment response in XXXX with @entity1987 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgAN', 'nephrotic IgAN', 'nephrotic IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'minimal-change disease']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephrotic IgA nephropathy']


abstract: We report five @entity1 in whom antenatal diagnosis of @entity2941 was established by ultrasonography, and we review the seven previously reported cases. All but one @entity1 had @entity384 of the common bile duct (type 1 cysts), and all @entity1 were diagnosed during the second or third trimester. Eight of 12 @entity1 (67%) developed @entity1087 in the first few days of life, but only 25% had a palpable abdominal mass. Seven of nine @entity1 (78%) demonstrated complete obstruction of the distal common bile duct on intraoperative cholangiography. Liver histology was available for six @entity1 . Five of six had @entity82 or @entity82 with bile duct proliferation. All of the @entity1 with @entity82 or @entity82 had distal common @entity1448 . Despite liver biopsy findings of extensive @entity82 plus ascites with failure to thrive in one of our @entity1 , all five @entity1 demonstrated clinical and biochemical improvement following surgical excision and porto- or choledochoenterostomy. All were free of symptoms by 6 months of age. @entity2941 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any sonolucent abdominal mass of the fetus. Neonates with distal common @entity1448 and @entity82 in association with presumed @entity2941 should have prompt surgical exploration, intraoperative cholangiography, and close postoperative follow-up. The long-term outcome with prompt surgical correction is excellent.

title: Antenatal diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst', 'Congenital choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct obstruction']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['choledochal cyst']


abstract: @entity2318 formation and angiogenesis are two biological events involved in the tissue reparative process generally occurring in the brain after mechanically induced @entity130 , @entity63 or @entity5 development. For the first time, in this study, neo-vascularization and @entity66 formation were investigated in the brain of soman-poisoned @entity19 over a 3-month period after nerve agent exposure (1.2 LD50 of @entity4835 ). Using anti- @entity14880 and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) immunostaining techniques on brain sections, blood vessels were quantified and @entity1611 expression was verified to appraise the level of neo-angiogenesis induced in damaged brain areas. Furthermore, @entity66 formation and neuropathology were estimated over time in the same injured brain regions by @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ) immunohistochemistry and hemalun-phloxin (H_P) dye staining, respectively. @entity1611 over-expression was noticed on post-soman day 3 in lesioned areas such as the hippocampal @entity4778 field and amygdala. This was followed by an increase in the quantity of mature blood vessels, 3 months after soman @entity4968 , in the same brain areas. On the other hand, massive astroglial cell activation was demonstrated on post-soman day 8. Reactive astroglial cells were located only in damaged cerebral regions where H_P-stained eosinophilic neurons were found. For longer experimental times, astroglial response slowly decreased overtime but remained detectable on post-soman day 90 in some discrete brain regions (i.e. @entity4778 field and amygdala) evidencing the formation of a @entity66 . In this study, we discuss the key role of @entity1611 in the angiogenic process and in the glial or neuronal response induced by soman @entity4968 .

title: Soman XXXX induces delayed @entity2318 and angiogenesis in damaged @entity19 brain areas.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral tumor']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['Gliotic scar']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['anti-vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: B-type natriuretic peptides have been shown to enable differentiation between heart and @entity358 in adults and @entity1 . In neonates, the role of natriuretic peptides for diagnosis of @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) is not yet ascertained. The purpose of this single-center prospective study was to investigate aminoterminal B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations and their time courses during the first 5 days of life in neonates with @entity4297 compared with neonates with @entity649 . DESIGN: Single-center prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary-care neonatal ICU. @entity1 : Aminoterminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels of 40 neonates with arterial duct-dependent @entity4297 and of 40 neonates with @entity649 without @entity4297 were analyzed on the first, second, third, and fifth day of life. MAIN RESULTS: Mean aminoterminal B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in the @entity4297 group were significantly higher on the second (14191 vs. 4872 pg/mL), third (17790 vs. 3524 pg/mL), and fifth day (17015 vs. 4044 pg/mL), but not on the first day of life. Repeated measurements analysis of variance revealed a significantly different time course of aminoterminal B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: On the first day of life, aminoterminal B-type natriuretic peptide cannot differentiate between @entity4297 and @entity649 without @entity4297 in the neonate. From the second day onwards, aminoterminal B-type natriuretic peptide in neonates with @entity4297 shows higher values and a different time course and enables differentiation between @entity4297 and @entity649 due to other than cardiac reasons.

title: Aminoterminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: heart or XXXX in the neonate?.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in clinical practice as analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs. Studies have implicated them in participating in permeability throughout various tissues such as the kidneys and lungs. OBJECTIVE: The effect of NSAIDs on the pleural permeability and the underlying mechanisms whereby this effect is mediated were investigated. METHODS: Parietal pleural specimens were obtained from @entity1 subjected to thoracic surgery and were mounted in Ussing chambers. Solutions containing @entity1443 , @entity117 , @entity3522 , @entity12802 , @entity14340 and @entity5018 were added in the chambers facing the pleural and the outer-pleural surface. @entity1421 was similarly used to investigate @entity3009 synthesis involvement at low and high doses. @entity6478 - and @entity7832 -pretreated specimens were used in order to investigate ion transportation involvement. Transmesothelial resistance (R(TM)) was determined as a permeability indicator. RESULTS: @entity1443 , @entity117 , @entity3522 , @entity12802 and @entity5018 increased R(TM) on the pleural and outer-pleural surface, inhibited by @entity6478 and @entity7832 . @entity14340 had no effect on the R(TM). @entity3009 decreased R(TM) on the pleural and outer-pleural surface inhibited by @entity6478 , @entity7832 and @entity5018 . CONCLUSION: NSAIDs, except parecoxib, induce a rapid decrease of the pleural permeability by inhibiting cellular transportation, an effect that is mediated by @entity3009 synthesis inhibition.

title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alter the @entity1 mesothelial pleural permeability via ion cellular transportation by inhibiting XXXX synthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity12802 :: ('MESH:C059451', 'Chemical') :: ['lornoxicam']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['Parecoxib', 'parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride', 'amiloride']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin', 'prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neovascularization reportedly is correlated with @entity3 , recurrence, and prognosis in some types of @entity5 . Microvessel quantification in so-called "hot spots" has been studied extensively as the only factor reflecting angiogenesis in various @entity5 . The objective of this report was to evaluate multiple morphometric microvascular characteristics in addition to microvessel density (MVD) in @entity14 to provide a better approach to examining the relation between angiogenesis and clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. METHODS: Histologic sections from 106 @entity14 and 17 @entity652 , immunostained for factor VIII, were evaluated by image analysis for the quantification of MVD, total vascular area (TVA), and microvascular branching, as well as several morphometric parameters related to the vessel size or shape. RESULTS: MVD gradually decreased with progressing Dukes stage. The vascular branching counts were significantly higher in @entity189 than in @entity652 , and remained unaffected through progressing Dukes stages. Shape-related parameters showed significant differences between @entity189 and @entity652 and between different grades of differentiation. Branching counts and TVA were the only factors found to be of prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that neovascularization is an early critical event in colorectal tumorigenesis, reaching a maximum level early in the malignant process. Its prognostic significance is better assessed by quantification of @entity29898 and the branching pattern of microvessels, whereas MVD does not provide significant prognostic information for @entity14 @entity1 .

title: A morphometric study of neovascularization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: Approximately 30%-35% of @entity1 @entity463 have @entity470 ( @entity470 ) gene amplification. Amplicons containing the @entity470 gene frequently include several unidentified adjacent genes. Amplification of adjacent genes in the absence of @entity470 amplification has been documented. To define the region in detail, we produced a YAC contig map, determining the orientation of the @entity470 gene and the general order of 11 STS and EST markers. Seventy-six @entity5 with amplification of the region were found in a series of 246 @entity1 @entity816 . The amplicons showed amplification of contiguous or noncontiguous loci both telomeric and centromeric to the @entity470 gene. Six percent (12/190) of the @entity463 and 1 @entity816 had amplicons excluding the @entity470 gene. These amplicons commonly contain amplified loci telomeric to the @entity470 gene. Some of the amplified loci were found to be consistently overexpressed. The findings suggest that there may be other gene target(s) for amplification in the 7p12 region in addition to @entity470 .

title: The complexity of the 7p12 amplicon in @entity1 XXXX : detailed mapping of 246 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'astrocytic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytic gliomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) on @entity2279 + T cells are related to recent thymic emigrant cells (RTEs). The involvement of the functional thymic tissue occurs early in the IgE-mediated @entity56 , and in response to @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). AIM: Evaluation of @entity6542 effects on TREC number in peripheral T cells in @entity1 @entity56 to @entity7130 (Dpt). METHOD: 85 @entity1576 @entity1 (both genders), 41 of them (Group II) under maintenance treatment to Dpt @entity6542 (21 sublingual-SLIT, and 20 subcutaneous-SCIT), were selected. The @entity56 @entity1 (Group I) without specific treatment were submitted to an allergen challenge test (22 nasal and 22 conjunctival). Peripheral cell analysis was performed immediately before treatment and 60 or 240 minutes after allergenic extract administration. TREC quantification was performed in CD4+ @entity2279 + and CD8+ @entity2279 +. The results were expressed per 100.000 cells related to RTEs. Samples from 10 healthy individuals (Control - Group III) were obtained with the same method. RESULTS: The value of TRECs on RTEs was constant in control groups. For Group I @entity1 (nasal or conjunctival test), TREC quantification in @entity2279 + T cells showed relevant individual changes, even in the @entity1 tested earlier (60 minutes), and statistical significant at 240 minutes. Both SCIT and SLIT had also demonstrated enormous individual changes, particularly on TRECs/CD4+ @entity2279 + cells assay. Basal values in Group III were significantly higher than those observed in active @entity1 groups. CONCLUSION: Thymic functional activity is earlier involved in the @entity56 and @entity6542 IgE-mediated @entity566 is able to induce RTEs in the periphery, particularly TRECs/CD4+ @entity2279 + cells. Both SLIT and SCIT showed reduced RETs in the periphery, probably due to maturation of regulatory T cells. Our results suggest a crucial role of the functional thymic tissue on the central mechanism of this therapy.

title: T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and recent thymic migrant cells in @entity6542 and respiratory XXXX to @entity7130 .

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergic']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: The clinical significance of stress-induced ST-segment elevation and T-wave pseudonormalization in @entity1188 -related leads is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted the present study to assess this issue using simultaneous @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) and @entity4214 -201 single-photon emission computed tomography. A total of 119 @entity1 with Q-wave @entity583 were enrolled in this study. There were 58 @entity1 with (group I) and 61 @entity1 without (group II) @entity452 -induced @entity1619 changes. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 43 +/- 13% in group I and 49 +/- 14% in group II (p <0.05). The baseline, low-, and peak-dose global wall motion scores were similar between these 2 groups (26.2 +/- 6.1 vs 26.2 +/- 6.3 [p = NS]; 24.1 +/- 5.3 vs 23.5 +/- 5.7 [p = NS]; 26.4 +/- 5.7 vs 26.7 +/- 6.1 [p = NS]). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these @entity1619 changes for detecting @entity296 and @entity63 documented by DSE in all @entity1 were 50%, 53%, and 51% (for viability), and 47%, 48%, and 47% (for @entity63 ), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these @entity1619 changes for detecting a reversible perfusion defect documented by @entity4214 -201 single-photon emission computed tomography were 51%, 54%, and 52%, respectively. In conclusion, @entity452 -induced ST elevation and/or T-wave pseudonormalization is associated with poor resting left ventricular function. These @entity1619 changes are not associated with residual @entity741 and viability in the @entity1188 area. Therefore, these electrocardiographic changes alone cannot be reliably considered as distinctive markers in formulating the therapeutic strategy of coronary intervention.

title: Significance of @entity452 -induced ST-segment evaluation and T-wave pseudonormalization in XXXX with Q-wave @entity583 : simultaneous evaluation by @entity452 stress echocardiography and @entity4214 -201 SPECT.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['residual myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) have prothrombotic changes compared with @entity1 in sinus rhythm. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Hemostatic function compared in @entity955 @entity1 without prior embolic event (transient @entity63 attack or @entity64 ) and control subjects without prior @entity64 , and in @entity955 @entity1 with prior embolic event and control subjects with prior @entity64 . SETTING: Internal medicine outpatient group practice and anticoagulation clinic in 2 teaching hospitals. @entity1 : A total of 75 @entity955 @entity1 (50 without and 25 with prior embolic event) and 42 control @entity1 (31 without and 11 with prior @entity64 ) recruited concurrently over 18 months during 1990-91. OUTCOME MEASURES: Platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and plasma levels of hemoglobin, @entity2002 , @entity2880 factor antigen, factor VIII, fibrin D-dimer, antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, fibrinopeptide A and prothrombin fragment F1+2. All statistical analyses were performed after adjustments for age and sex. RESULTS: The @entity955 @entity1 without a prior embolic event had significantly higher mean hemoglobin and @entity2002 levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively) than the control subjects without prior @entity64 . The 29 @entity955 @entity1 not taking @entity1229 (none had had an embolic event) had significantly lower mean protein C and protein S levels (p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively) and a significantly higher fibrinopeptide A level (p = 0.03, after exclusion of outliers) than the control subjects without prior @entity64 . The @entity955 @entity1 with a prior embolic event had alterations in the hemostatic variables similar to those seen in the control @entity1 with a prior @entity64 . The latter had significantly higher @entity2002 , @entity2880 factor antigen and factor VIII levels (p = 0.04, 0.002 and 0.002, respectively) and significantly lower protein S levels (p = 0.02) than the control subjects without prior @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity955 @entity1 without a history of an embolic event show evidence of a prothrombotic state compared with @entity1 in sinus rhythm who have not had a @entity64 . @entity955 @entity1 with a history of an embolic event show evidence of a prothrombotic state similar to that of @entity1 in sinus rhythm who have had a @entity64 . Prospective studies are needed to determine whether these abnormalities predict higher risk of @entity64 in individual @entity955 @entity1 .

title: Nonvalvular XXXX : evidence for a prothrombotic state.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke', 'thrombotic stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['nonvalvular atrial fibrillation', 'NVAF']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: In this multicentre, double-blind, parallel group study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of continuous treatment with @entity2059 , 200 mg daily for 3 months, in comparison with @entity2059 pulse therapy, 400 mg daily 1 week per month for 3 months, in the treatment of toe-nail @entity6313 . The study included 129 @entity1 with @entity5806 , confirmed by microscopy and positive for dermatophyte culture; 65 received continuous treatment and 64 received pulse therapy. @entity1 were followed up for 9 months after treatment. After 12 months, there were 62 evaluable @entity1 in the continuous group and 59 evaluable @entity1 in the pulse group. The clinical response (i.e. the size of the affected area and the progress of the infection) and mycological cure (i.e. negative results on microscopy and culture) were the main outcome measures. A clinical response was defined as a cure or a marked improvement. Clinical response rates were 69%, in the continuous group, and 81% in the pulse group at month 12; the corresponding mycological cure rates were 66 and 69%. A better improvement in signs and symptoms was noted in the pulse group. Six @entity1 were withdrawn from treatment because of adverse events, not all of which were thought to be drug-related. There were no clinically relevant @entity854 . We conclude that both regimens are effective, safe and well tolerated. The superiority of one treatment over the other was not established, but the results tended to favour pulse therapy. Equivalence testing confirmed that pulse therapy was at least equivalent to continuous treatment.

title: A double-blind, randomized study comparing XXXX pulse therapy with continuous dosing for the treatment of toe-nail @entity6313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['distal subungual onychomycosis of the toe-nails']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['itraconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify common presenting signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of imported pediatric @entity311 presenting to a US pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of all @entity1 presenting to an urban pediatric @entity341 between July 1, 2004, and July 1, 2011, who were assigned an @entity341 or inpatient discharge diagnosis of " @entity311 " and had a confirmed blood smear demonstrating @entity3964 species. RESULTS: There were 21 @entity1 included in this study (median age, 12 years; range, 19 months to 22 years). A total of 15 (71%) were infected with @entity3964 subtype of @entity311 . @entity1 presented to the @entity341 between 1 day and 2 years after return from a @entity311 -endemic area. All 21 @entity1 (100%) reported a history of fever, but only 9 (43%) had a fever documented in the @entity341 . Of the @entity1 , 14 (66%) complained of @entity10 , 13 (62%) complained of @entity448 , 11 (52%) complained of chills, and 10 (48%) complained of @entity490 . The most common sign was @entity591 , present in 18 @entity1 (86%). Consistent with other studies, @entity882 was the most frequently observed @entity854 , present in 16 @entity1 (76%). CONCLUSIONS: The presenting signs and symptoms of imported pediatric @entity311 are nonspecific and inconsistently present, underscoring the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis in any @entity1 returning from a @entity311 -endemic region.

title: Imported pediatric @entity311 presenting to an urban pediatric XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormality']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['plasmodium', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: @entity3446 , a specific inhibitor of the @entity563 / @entity1889 @entity3470 kinase, markedly inhibited both cell growth and apoptosis in @entity1 B-cell lines. Besides arresting cells in G(1) by increasing @entity993 ( @entity13525 ), @entity3446 tripled the cellular level of the @entity588 protein. The activity was dose-dependent and specific for the @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity588 proteins. @entity3446 did not affect @entity588 mRNA although it increased cellular @entity588 concentration by inhibiting phosphorylation, a mechanism initiating the decay process. To add new insight, we combined @entity3446 treatment with treatment by @entity1311 , which, by damaging microtubules, can phosphorylate @entity588 and activate apoptosis. It was found that the @entity3470 kinase was activated in cells treated with @entity1311 or with @entity10612 although it was inhibited in cells pre-treated with @entity3446 . @entity588 phosphorylation, apoptosis and hyperdiploidy were also inhibited by @entity3446 . In contrast, @entity1311 -induced microtubule stabilization or metaphase synchronization were not inhibited by @entity3446 . Taken together, these findings indicate that @entity3470 belongs to the enzymatic cascade that, starting from damaged microtubules, phosphorylates @entity588 . By regulating apoptosis, in addition to the control of a multitude of growth-related pathways, @entity3470 plays a nodal role in signaling G(1) and G(2)-M events.

title: Damaged microtubules can inactivate @entity588 by means of the XXXX kinase.

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin', 'rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the preoperative and postoperative quality of life of candidates for major lung resection with @entity2 . METHODS: In all, 156 consecutive @entity1 (144 lobectomies, 12 pneumonectomies) were prospectively assessed by means of the Short Form-36 Health Survey, version 2, preoperatively and 1 month and 3 months after operation. Serial quality of life scales were compared by repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: In our series, most quality of life values were reduced compared with the general population. Compared with preoperative values, the physical composite scale was significantly reduced at 1 month (51 versus 45.1, p < 0.0001), and completely recovered at 3 months (51 versus 52.4, p = 0.2), whereas the mental composite scale remained unchanged. All correlation coefficients between these values and forced expiratory volume in 1 second, @entity1223 lung diffusion capacity, and height reached at stair-climbing test at each evaluation period were below 0.2. With the exception of pneumonectomy @entity1 (who had a significantly lower physical composite scale [p = 0.04]), no significant differences in both physical and mental values were noted in other high-risk subgroups of @entity1 (elderly, @entity453 , poor pulmonary function) compared with lower-risk counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Candidates for lung resection with @entity2 had a worse preoperative quality of life compared with the general population. Quality-of-life measures had poor correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 second, @entity1223 lung diffusion capacity, and exercise test performance. Therefore, these functional variables cannot substitute for specific evaluation instruments. Finally, @entity1 traditionally considered at higher risk for lung resection had postoperative physical and emotional quality of life scores similar to those observed in younger and fitter @entity1 .

title: Quality of life before and after major lung resection for XXXX : a prospective follow-up analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Municipal hospitals in large cities provide care for @entity1 from immigrant and mixed ethnic communities that are at high risk for @entity6 . Both @entity6 and @entity4854 increase the risk of adverse outcome after @entity583 , and the impact of @entity4854 on the outcome of @entity583 in this particular setting has not been previously studied. We therefore undertook a retrospective cohort study to determine the prevalence of @entity6 and @entity4854 in @entity1 presenting to a university-affiliated Bronx municipal hospital with @entity583 , and the relationship of these conditions to the extent of @entity301 and mortality. We obtained data on 106 consecutive @entity1 from July 1998 to April 1999 with a diagnosis-related group diagnosis of either @entity583 or @entity1187 , in which @entity583 was confirmed by serum enzymes or characteristic electrocardiographic changes. @entity1 were followed until March 30, 2001. Measurements of clinical parameters and results of catheterization were obtained for all @entity1 . @entity204 rates were determined by laboratory database, direct @entity1 contact, or data from National @entity204 Index. Eighty percent of the cohort had either a diagnosis of @entity6 (n = 45, 42% of cohort) or evidence of @entity4854 (defined as serum @entity413 greater than 126 mg/dL at the time of admission without prior diagnosis of @entity6 , n = 40, 38%). In-hospital mortality for @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity4854 , or normal @entity413 was 20%, 15%, and 14%, respectively. Eighty-three percent of the cohort received beta blockers, and 61% of hospital survivors had catheterization. Left main or @entity66 was common in both @entity1 with @entity6 (52%) and @entity1 with @entity4854 (32%). Mortality at follow up (maximum follow up 3 years; mean follow up 19.6 months) was much higher in @entity1 with either @entity6 (42%) or @entity4854 (52%) than normal subjects (24%). Kaplan-Meier analysis of the difference in mortality between @entity1 with high @entity413 on admission and normal subjects was borderline significant (P = 0.06). Multivariate regression demonstrated that age (P = 0.020), increase in admission serum @entity1011 (P = 0.001), and reduction in either ejection fraction (P = 0.016) or admission systolic blood pressure (P = 0.005) were significant predictors of mortality. Glycemic status and sex were not independently associated with @entity204 after controlling for these other factors. These results show that the prevalence of both @entity6 and @entity4854 on presentation with @entity583 is strikingly high in this immigrant, mixed ethnic, urban population. @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity4854 had @entity1442 on presentation and much higher mortality at 2 to 3 years than those with normal blood @entity413 . The mortality difference is the result of older age and more @entity1442 rather than @entity4854 per se.

title: @entity6 and XXXX associated with @entity583 at an urban municipal hospital: prevalence and effect on mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['stress hyperglycemia', 'hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['stress hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique that increases the diagnostic accuracy of @entity272 , particularly improving the diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity320 in situ (CMIS) and early invasive @entity320 . To establish reliable and reproducible dermoscopic criteria for the diagnosis of CMIS, the authors conducted a retrospective clinical study of 37 @entity1 with CMIS and 53 @entity1 with @entity320 ( @entity320 ). METHODS: The 37 @entity1 with CMIS were divided into three groups: those with CMIS lesions measuring < or = 5 mm in greatest dimension (8 @entity1 ), those with CMIS lesions measuring from > 5 mm to < or = 10 mm in greatest dimension (20 @entity1 ), and those with CMIS lesions measuring > 10 mm in greatest dimension (9 @entity1 ). The 53 @entity1 with @entity320 were divided into two groups according to Breslow index: those with @entity320 measuring < or = 0.75 mm in @entity5 thickness (19 @entity1 ) and those with @entity320 measuring > 0.75 mm in @entity5 thickness (34 @entity1 ). Lesions were examined with a dermatoscope and were photographed at a magnification of x10. Dermoscopic criteria were evaluated from examination of the photomicrographs. RESULTS: Blue-whitish veil, gray-blue areas, black dots, and irregular extensions and branched streaks were the most relevant dermoscopic criteria for CMIS and were present in 78%, 76%, 73%, and 62% of lesions, respectively. Brown globules, irregular pigment network, pseudopods, and depigmentation were present in 57%, 54%, 54%, and 51% of CMIS lesions, respectively. @entity62 and linear and/or dotted vascular patterns, two criteria that are associated frequently with @entity320 , were not found in our @entity1 with CMIS. No clinically significant differences were observed between the three groups of CMIS @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Dermoscopic criteria for CMIS were similar to those for @entity320 , although @entity62 and linear and/or dotted vascular patterns were observed only in @entity1 with @entity320 . Dermoscopic criteria appeared to be independent of CMIS lesions size.

title: Dermoscopic criteria for XXXX in situ are similar to those for early invasive @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White scar-like areas', 'white scar-like areas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'invasive cutaneous melanomas', 'ICM', 'ICM lesions']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with @entity151 were treated with a combination of @entity3003 , @entity1260 and @entity2879 . @entity1891 was given on day 14 of each course, the courses being repeated every 28 days for a maximum of six. Thoracic radiotherapy was given 4 weeks after the last course of chemotherapy but no prophylactic cranial radiotherapy was administered. Thirty @entity1 had clinically limited state disease, the remaining @entity1 having @entity135 and/or @entity1143 . Elevated enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase, LDH, ALT, GGT) were noted in 69% of @entity1 . Twenty-four @entity1 (57%) achieved a complete response (CR) when assessed one month after the end of treatment. A further 21% of @entity1 had a partial response (PR). Median duration of CR was 14 months and of PR 8 months. Cerebral metastases were the sole site of relapse in 13% of the CR @entity1 . Myelosuppression was severe with a median nadir of @entity1398 of 0.2 x 10(9) cells 1-1. However, 74% of the @entity1 group received all six courses of chemotherapy and only 16 courses (7%) were delayed because of @entity137 . There were three deaths associated with treatment-related @entity1398 . The median survival of the total group was 14 months, with an actuarial 2 year survival of 37% and a minimum follow-up of 18 months. [A recent analysis, March 1989, demonstrated a 33%, 2 year actual survival.]

title: @entity3003 , @entity1260 and XXXX with mid-course vincristine and thoracic radiotherapy for 'limited' stage small cell carcinoma of the bronchus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral neck lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of preserved ovaries following radical hysterectomy in premenopausal @entity1 with @entity2622 and to attempt to identify clinical factors influencing ovarian function. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1991 and 1998, 33 premenopausal @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB and II cervical @entity5 underwent @entity43 , including lateral ovarian transposition in 20 @entity1 . In 12 cases of @entity957 with deep stromal invasion or a suspicious, positive node, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed. Postoperative whole pelvic radiotherapy was administered to 11 @entity1 . Ovarian function was evaluated by serum FSH level during the follow-up period, 12 months to 9 years. RESULTS: Fifteen of 33 @entity1 became climacteric after treatment. Ten of 12 @entity1 over 40 years old became climacteric, as did 5 of 21 under 39 (P = .0013). Using multiple regression analysis, a significant correlation between @entity2670 and age (under 40) was observed (P = .0286). No ovarian recurrence or symptomatic @entity42 was observed in preserved ovaries during the study period. CONCLUSION: Ovarian preservation is safe in @entity1 under 40 years old undergoing radical hysterectomy even if they received additional treatment, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy or postoperative radiotherapy with ovarian transposition.

title: Ovarian function after XXXX for cervical @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['radical hysterectomy with ovarian preservation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dysfunction']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['radical hysterectomy with ovarian preservation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total ankle replacement (TAR) continues to grow as an alternative to arthrodesis for @entity1 who suffer from end-stage @entity625 . The purpose of this study was to examine changes in gait mechanics from before surgery to 1 and 2 years after surgery in @entity1 who received a fixed-bearing TAR. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with a primary fixed-bearing TAR and no complications requiring further surgery were identified from a database and enrolled in this non-randomized study. Subjects were examined preoperatively, and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Three-dimensional joint mechanics and ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected during level walking. The Four Square Step Test, Timed Up and Go (TUG), VAS, and the AOFAS-Hindfoot score were assessed for each subject at each time point. RESULTS: TUG, VAS and AOFAS-Hindfoot score along with all measured kinetic parameters demonstrated significant improvements across all of the time points (p < 0.05). Four Square Step Test time was significantly improved between the preoperative and 2-year postoperative time point (p < 0.05). Measured ankle dorsiflexion angles did not demonstrate significant change between any time points. CONCLUSIONS: All of the observed changes suggest improved or maintained functioning in @entity1 who received a TAR with the greatest improvement occurring within the first year. Sagittal plane ankle range of motion and dorsiflexion angle at heel strike were unchanged across all of the time points. The results of this study indicate that @entity1 with end-stage @entity571 demonstrate improvements in @entity158 and gait up to 2 years following surgery while maintaining ankle range of motion.

title: J. Leonard Goldner Award 2011: changes in XXXX , function, and gait mechanics two years following total ankle arthroplasty performed with two modern fixed-bearing prostheses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['ankle arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this randomized and prospective study, we compared the analgesic effects of @entity12802 and @entity1340 in @entity1 after @entity169 . METHODS: A total of 160 @entity1 were assigned in a randomized manner into two groups. Group L received 8 mg @entity12802 i.v. at the end of the operation, followed by 8 mg 12 h after the operation. Group T received 1 mg/kg @entity1340 at the end of the operation and every 6 h up to 24 h postoperatively. The visual analog scale (VAS) score was assessed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the study. All vital signs were within normal ranges. The mean VAS score in Group L and in Group T was 21.66 +/- 14.64 and 19.75 +/- 11.82, respectively. No significant differences were found between groups with respect to VAS score. Eight (10%) @entity1 in Group T had @entity390 . CONCLUSION: @entity12802 8 mg i.v. and b.i.d., @entity1340 1 mg/kg at the end of the surgery and every 6 h up to 24 h after @entity169 provided rapid and effective analgesia and was well tolerated.

title: Postoperative pain management after @entity169 : @entity12802 versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity12802 :: ('MESH:C059451', 'Chemical') :: ['Lornoxicam', 'lornoxicam']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['tramadol']


abstract: Case 1. A 46-year-old @entity1 suddenly developed mild gait disturbance and @entity1269 . On examination, gross strength was slightly reduced in the left extremities. The finger-to-nose and heel-to-knee tests disclosed moderate @entity2055 and @entity6447 on the left side that could not be explained by the @entity425 . Deep tendon reflexes were more brisk in the left extremities. There was no Babinski sign. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a region of high signal intensity in the right posterior limb of internal capsule with extension into lateral thalamus. The lesion involved the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway and partly the dentato-rubro-thalamo-cortical pathway. No lesions were seen in the brainstem. Single photon emission CT with 123I-IMP showed @entity76 termed crossed cerebellar diaschisis by Baron et al. Case 2. A 65-year-old female developed weakness of the left extremities and gait disturbance. On examination, there was a horizontal nystagmus on lateral gaze to each side. She showed @entity4653 , mild @entity1269 and slight left @entity1183 . The finger-nose and heel-knees tests revealed moderate @entity6447 and @entity2055 on the left side. Deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive in the left extremities with left Babinski sign. CT showed a low density area in the right basis pontis at about middle level. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography revealed a slight stenosis of right vertebral artery, but no other abnormality. The lesion involved the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway. Single photon emission CT with 123I-IMP showed @entity76 . The right cerebellar blood flow was normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Analysis of XXXX with @entity2055 by single photon emission CT].

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['left cerebellar hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetria']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies reported the associations between decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and mortality, @entity301 ( @entity301 ), and @entity64 in @entity101 @entity1 . We aim to assess the associations between GFR and mortality, @entity301 , and @entity64 in @entity101 @entity1 and to evaluate whether low GFR can improve the prediction of these outcomes in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This is an observational prospective study and 3,711 eligible @entity101 @entity1 aged >= 5 years from rural areas of China were used for the present analysis. The associations between @entity470 and outcomes, followed by a median of 4.9 years, were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for other potential confounders. Low @entity470 was independently associated with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and incident @entity64 [multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for @entity470 <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) relative to @entity470 >= 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2) were 1.824 (1.047-3.365), 2.371 (1.109-5.068), and 2.493 (1.193-5.212), respectively]. We found no independent association between @entity470 and the risk of @entity301 . For 4-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was positive when @entity470 were added to traditional risk factors (1.51%, P=0.016, and 1.99%, P=0.017, respectively). For @entity64 and @entity301 events, net reclassification improvements (NRI) were 5.9% (P=0.012) and 1.8% (P=0.083) for @entity470 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We have established an inversely independent association between @entity470 and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and @entity64 in @entity101 @entity1 in rural areas of China. Further, addition of @entity470 significantly improved the prediction of 4-year mortality and @entity64 over and above that of conventional risk factors. We recommend that @entity470 be incorporated into prognostic assessment for @entity1 with @entity101 in rural areas of China. LIMITATIONS: We did not have sufficient information on @entity955 to control for the potential covariate. These associations should be further confirmed in future.

title: Decreased glomerular filtration rate is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in @entity1 with XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and long-term results after @entity585 treatment of recurrent @entity811 associated with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 80 @entity1 , aged 62-86 (mean 74) years, of whom 50 received @entity585 5 mg once daily for 4 years and 30 were used as controls. @entity1 with @entity177 and @entity1503 were excluded. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of @entity811 (minor, moderate, severe). All @entity1 were followed up at 3, 12, 24 and 48 months. RESULTS: The follow-up ranged from 8 to 48 (mean 22) months in the @entity585 group and 3-42 (mean 23) months in the control group. @entity811 recurrence rates were 6/50 (12%) and 23/30 (77%) in the @entity585 and control groups, respectively. Surgical treatment was needed in 6 @entity1 of the @entity585 group and 19 of the control group. @entity1 with minor @entity811 experienced no recurrence of symptoms in the @entity585 group in contrast to 13 of 17 @entity1 in the control group. For the @entity1 with moderate @entity811 , recurrence of symptoms was observed in 3 of 13 in the @entity585 group and 3 of 5 in the control group. Three of six @entity1 with severe @entity811 had a recurrence of symptoms after @entity585 treatment in contrast to 7 of 8 in the control group. CONCLUSION: @entity585 has proved to be a safe, well tolerable and effective medication in reducing or preventing recurrent @entity811 related to @entity1067 .

title: XXXX : a long-term follow-up in the treatment of recurrent @entity811 associated with @entity1067 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['Finasteride', 'finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy, severe hepatic or renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria', 'Hematuria']

answer: @entity585 :: (MESH:D018120,Chemical) :: ['Finasteride']


abstract: This study evaluated the effects of surrogate fostering as a procedure to control for postnatal effects of @entity1068 on the maternal female that may indirectly affect the offspring. Effects of fostering on the development of splenic lymphocytes, as well as possible differential effects of fostering on female and male offspring were examined. Litters from prenatal @entity1068 exposed (E), pair-fed (PF), and ad libitum-fed control (C) conditions were fostered at birth to surrogate untreated dams who had given birth within the same 12-hr period, or were reared by their biological mothers. At 15 and 60 days of age, offspring from each of the conditions were sacrificed and splenic leukocytes were enumerated and analyzed for expression of differentiation antigens, using flow cytometry. At 15 days of age, fostering reduced the percentages of CD45RA+ and @entity18895 + cells in E compared with PF and in PF compared with C offspring, and reduced the percentage of @entity11264 + cells in E compared with C offspring. Fostering also had differential effects on E and C offspring, resulting in reduced percentages of CD45RA+ and @entity18895 + cells in fostered E compared with nonfostered E offspring, but increased percentages of CD45RA+, @entity18895 +, and CD8+ cells in fostered C compared with nonfostered C offspring. Fostering also down-regulated @entity18895 expression in E compared with C offspring and up-regulated @entity11264 expression in C offspring compared with their nonfostered counterparts. At 60 days of age, E females overall had higher percentages of CD45RA+ cells compared with C females and higher percentages of @entity11264 + cells compared with PF and C females. Nonfostered E females had higher percentages of @entity18895 + cells than nonfostered C females. In contrast, E males overall had greater percentages of @entity11264 + cells compared with PF and C males. Among males, the percentage of @entity18895 + cells was increased in nonfostered E compared with nonfostered C, whereas the percentages of CD45RA+ and @entity18895 + cells were decreased in fostered E males compared with nonfostered E. For both females and males in the nonfostered condition there were no effects of prenatal @entity1068 treatment on differentiation antigen expression. However, after fostering, E females had higher CD45RA and @entity18895 expression compared with PF and C females, whereas E males had increased @entity11264 antigen expression and C males had decreased @entity18895 antigen expression compared with their nonfostered counterparts. These data demonstrate that fostering at birth has differential effects on splenic lymphocyte populations in E, PF, and C offspring. Moreover, the effect of fostering varies with age and has differential long-term effects on female and male offspring. Thus, rather than serving as a control for indirect maternal effects of @entity1068 on offspring, fostering appears to be a treatment in itself and may actually confound the effects of prenatal @entity1068 exposure by differentially affecting E, PF, and C females and males.

title: Effect of surrogate fostering on splenic lymphocytes in fetal XXXX exposed rats.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Thrombolysis is an effective causal therapy for @entity1 suffering from @entity1151 or @entity583 . In more than 70% of @entity1 with @entity1167 , one of these two diseases is the underlying cause of deterioration. Nevertheless, because of the fear of severe @entity548 complications, thrombolytic therapy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been contraindicated. Increasing clinical experience and data from open studies now suggest that thrombolysis during CPR can contribute to hemodynamic stabilization and survival in @entity1 with @entity1151 and @entity583 , after conventional CPR procedures have been performed unsuccessfully. After administration of thrombolytic agents, some @entity1 have been stabilized even after more than 90 minutes of CPR. Besides the specific causal action of thrombolytic agents at the site of @entity1151 and @entity1186 , experimental data indicate that thrombolysis during CPR can improve microcirculatory reperfusion, which may be most important in the brain. In accordance with these data, marked activation of @entity1003 without adequate activation of endogenous fibrinolysis has been demonstrated during reperfusion after @entity1167 . Massive coagulation activation with subsequent fibrin formation is responsible for microcirculatory reperfusion disorders, and thrombolytic therapy may be indicated. However, no controlled studies are available on this therapeutic concept. Because the risk of @entity548 complications is potentially associated with the administration of thrombolytic agents, although this occurs far less than anticipated, thrombolysis during CPR is presently a treatment strategy that can be performed on an individual basis. Whether thrombolysis during CPR can improve survival rates and neurologic outcomes should be addressed in randomized, controlled trials.

title: Thrombolytic therapy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the role of coagulation activation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['massive pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity147 is frequent in @entity1 with acute @entity130 during the first weeks after the accident. Knowledge of coping in relation to @entity147 could help to identify those who need support. OBJECTIVES: To describe the different kinds of coping used by @entity1 in the early stage of recovery following an acute @entity130 and to investigate differences in coping patterns in @entity1 with and without symptoms of @entity147 . DESIGN: Questionnaire survey with a descriptive and comparative design. SETTING/ @entity1 : A total of 112 @entity1 with acute @entity130 requiring inpatient treatment at the hand surgical clinic. Those with @entity130 caused by a suicide attempt or with known @entity734 were excluded. Method/main outcome measures: The @entity1 answered a postal questionnaire at home 1-2 weeks after the accident. @entity147 was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 scale. Coping was measured with the Jalowiec Coping Scale-40. RESULTS: Coping by "trying to keep the situation under control" and "trying to look at the problems objectively and see all sides" were most frequent. These strategies are typical for the confrontive coping style, which dominated in the @entity221 . Symptoms of @entity147 occurred in 32% of the @entity1 . These @entity1 used significantly more kinds of coping strategies and used confrontive and emotive coping strategies more often than the others. Coping by "hoping for improvement", "working @entity2701 off with physical activity", "trying to put the problem out of one's mind", "worrying", "getting nervous or angry" and "taking off by one self" were associated with @entity147 . Coping by "accepting the situation as it is" and "thinking that it is nothing to worry about" were more frequent in @entity1 without @entity147 . CONCLUSIONS: Observations of the coping strategies associated with @entity147 in this study could help to identify @entity1 in clinical practice that need nursing support. Coping associated with less @entity147 should be encouraged.

title: XXXX and coping in the early stage of recovery following acute @entity130 : a questionnaire survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['actual illness-situation']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional distress', 'emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'traumatic hand injury']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['Emotional distress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) is characterized by an unpleasant sensation in the legs, which is difficult to describe, but produces an urge to move the legs frequently. AIM: To assess the prevalence and severity of @entity4531 in @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and @entity1 with @entity1569 , and to investigate the factors potentially associated with @entity4531 . METHODS: In total, 253 @entity1 were enrolled (120 with @entity483 , 50 with @entity1569 and 83 healthy controls). A diagnosis of @entity4531 was made according to the criteria of the International @entity4531 Study Group (IRLSSG), and severity was assessed using the IRLSSG severity scale. RESULTS: @entity4531 was significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity483 (40.8%) than in @entity1 with @entity1569 (18.0%) or in controls (10.8%) (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). Prevalence of @entity4531 was higher in @entity1 with active @entity483 than in those with inactive @entity483 (55.3% vs. 23.6%) or controls. There was a significant difference in @entity4531 prevalence between @entity1 with active and those with iactive @entity483 , between @entity1 with active @entity483 and healthy controls, between @entity1 with active @entity483 and @entity1 with @entity1569 , and between @entity1 with inactive @entity483 and healthy controls (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.04, respectively). There was no significant difference in @entity4531 prevalence between @entity1 with active @entity483 and @entity1 with @entity1569 , or between @entity1 with @entity1569 and healthy controls (P>0.05). Of @entity1 who were positive for @entity4531 , 56.9% had a family history of atopy and 40.3% had a family history of @entity4531 , and there was a significant relationship between the presence of @entity4531 and family history of atopy or @entity4531 (P<0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4531 is common in @entity1 with @entity483 , particularly in those with active disease.

title: Increased frequency of @entity4531 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['RLS', 'Restless legs syndrome']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Suburethral tapes have been widely adopted to treat stress @entity322 . Further resection of such tapes may be necessary in certain cases. We review our experience and assess urinary functional outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data on all @entity1 referred to our institution between 2001 and 2007 for suburethral tape related complications and on those who had the tape surgically removed. Complete or partial resection was achieved after assessment, including endoscopic and urodynamic assessment. RESULTS: A total of 75 @entity1 with a mean age of 60.7 years (range 28 to 78) were included in the study. The tape used was transvaginal in 58 cases (77.3%) and transobturator in 17 (22.7%). There were different complications, such as @entity2681 in 16% of cases, vaginal extrusion in 24%, @entity1876 in 45%, chronic @entity2371 in 21%, and de novo @entity322 and urgency in 12%. Resection was done a mean +/- SD of 33 +/- 22 months (range 6 to 80) after tape placement. Of the 58 @entity1 with transvaginal tape the tape was completely removed by laparoscopy in 30 (51%). Four of the 17 transobturator slings (23%) were completely removed by laparoscopy (1) and via a low gynecological approach (3). The remaining slings were partially resected via a gynecological approach. At a mean followup of 38.4 months (range 12 to 72) @entity322 recurred in 39 @entity1 (52%) after partial (18) and complete (21) resection. CONCLUSIONS: In rare @entity1 who experience crippling symptoms after suburethral sling implantation urologists must be aware that the decision to completely or partially resect the tape can help resolve symptoms.

title: Surgical resection for suburethral sling complications after treatment for stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: Molecules that target growth and survival pathways in @entity5 cells have revolutionized the treatment of @entity5 . @entity2213 mesylate is one such agent inhibiting the @entity669 kinase that results from the Bcr-Abl translocation. @entity2213 is also a potent inhibitor of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. The platelet-derived growth factor receptor is crucial in the regulation of interstitial fluid pressure, as well as in the function of pericytes. Increased interstitial fluid pressure is a common feature of solid @entity5 and is thought to impede transcapillary transport of chemotherapy. Preclinical data show that platelet-derived growth factor receptor antagonism decreases interstitial fluid pressure, augments intratumoral concentration of chemotherapy, and impairs @entity5 growth. Pericytes are important cells in the vascular support structure of @entity5 regulating endothelial cell survival and directing capillary growth. Preclinical data suggest that dual targeting of pericytes and endothelial cells is a more effective antiangiogenic strategy than antiendothelial monotherapy. Two phase II studies in advanced @entity1149 are currently under way with @entity2213 . The first trial evaluates the use of intermittent @entity2213 and weekly @entity1311 in elderly @entity1 . The second trial evaluates a novel maintenance strategy of @entity2213 and the antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab after first-line chemotherapy with bevacizumab. These trials should indicate whether encouraging preclinical data can be translated into clinical benefit in @entity1149 .

title: Antagonism of platelet-derived growth factor receptor in XXXX : rationale and investigations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of esophageal reflux leading to @entity420 ( @entity420 ) remain poorly understood. This study appraises critically an operatively induced chronic reflux @entity35 model. METHODS: We randomized 108 @entity35 into 2 experimental groups; one was performing esophagoduodenal (ED) @entity254 with or without gastrectomy to induce duodeno-esophageal reflux (DER group; n = 63), and the other involved duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux (DGER group; n = 45). Control groups included (i) Roux-en-Y esophagojejunal @entity254 , (ii) laparotomy alone, (iii) subtotal gastrectomy to induce @entity20705 (DGR group), and (iv) the same procedure as in the DGER group plus proton pump inhibition (PPI group). The esophagus underwent histologic and molecular analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity355 ( @entity355 ), @entity1141 , and @entity420 in the experimental groups was 41%, 7%, and 11%, respectively. Histologic and molecular analyses in groups DER, DGER, and DGR suggested that @entity355 occurred through de novo intestinal metaplasia and proximal migration of duodenal cells. No distant @entity3 were identified. The molecular characteristics of both @entity355 and @entity420 were similar to @entity1 . @entity355 was more common, and @entity1141 and @entity420 less frequent in the DER group when compared with the DGER group (44% vs 24% [P = .038] and 7% vs 25% [P = .012], respectively). Compared with the DGER group, carcinogenic sequence occurred less frequently in the PPI-treated group (P = .019). CONCLUSION: Despite pathophysiologic differences with @entity1 , the @entity35 model of esophagoduodenostomy reproduces accurately histologic and molecular lesions in the carcinogenetic sequence of @entity355 and allowed us to identify novel, @entity5 -associated proteins that may be potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets in @entity420 .

title: Operatively induced chronic reflux in XXXX : a suitable model for studying esophageal carcinogenesis?

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity20705 :: ('MESH:D004383', 'Disease') :: ['duodenogastric reflux']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['EA', 'esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess performance of a de-cellularised @entity291 ureter vascular graft for haemodialysis in @entity1 for whom conventional access was not possible. METHODS: The Syner Graft Vascular Graft Model 100 (SGVG 100) is a @entity291 ureter modified by a tissue-engineering depopulation technology and uniquely it is not chemically cross-linked. SGVG 100 was implanted in @entity1 with a failed @entity292 or vascular access grafts. Graft patency was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included adverse events and associated treatments. RESULTS: 25 SGVG 100 were implanted in 23 @entity1 ; mean age was 59+/-14 years. Mean follow-up was 370 days. The mean time to occlusion (19 events) was 215+/-141 days with patency re-established in 14 of 18 surgical interventions. Thirty angioplasties were performed on 14 SGVG 100 for @entity850 . Two grafts demonstrated areas of dilation; however, both grafts continue to be usable at last reported follow-up (930 and 602 days) with no further changes in graft size. Primary patency, assisted primary patency, secondary patency, and freedom from infection were 29, 45, 81, and 95% at 1 year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This report demonstrates SGVG 100 is a stable vascular access conduit, providing a suitable graft alternative when autologous vein is not available.

title: Depopulated XXXX ureteric xenograft for complex haemodialysis vascular access.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['luminal/anastomotic stenosis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']