abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate injury to the myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-MY) and assess the role of ICC-MY in @entity344 in @entity35 models of @entity1661 and @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 were divided into 4 groups; group 1: sham group; group 2: @entity295 induced by cecal puncture and ligation; group 3: @entity8479 created by placing a catheter into the abdominal cavity; group 4: @entity295 and @entity8479 induced simultaneously. Small intestinal segments were resected 24 h after surgery. Ileum sections stained with HE were assessed pathologically. The spontaneous mechanical activity was evaluated using the organ bath technique. The alterations in ICC-MY networks by immunohistochemical staining for c-Kit and the ultrastructural changes in ICC-MY by transmission electron microscopy were evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the frequency and amplitude of the bowel segment contractions between groups 1, 2, 3 and 4. These changes were associated with lesions of ICC-MY networks and ultrastructure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8479 resulted in damage to ICC-MY networks, leading to disordered intestinal rhythmicity. The combination of @entity295 and @entity8479 causes far more serious injury than either @entity295 or @entity8479 alone.

title: Interstitial cells of Cajal in @entity1661 and hypertension-induced ileus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hypertension', 'Abdominal sepsis and IAH', 'IAH']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Viable, functioning effector cells exerting donor specific cytotoxic properties have been removed, with their surface properties intact, from acutely rejecting cardiac allografts in @entity35 to define immunological events occurring within the grafts themselves. Macrophages comprised 15 to 25% of the cells harvested; lymphocytes comprised about 75%. A few polymorphonuclear leukocytes (approximately 5%) were present consistently. Lymphocytes bearing surface Ig, B cells, made up 35 to 47% of the mononuclear cells collected. The remaining lymphocytes were presumptive T cells. The surfact attributes of the infiltrating cells were compared to those of cells from recipient peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes, and to those from isografted controls. Many of the B lymphocytes possessed Fc receptors but were virtually unable to form erythrocyteantibody complement (EAC) rosettes, in contrast to splenocytes which formed approximately 30% EAC rosettes. Specific @entity137 against donor alloantigen-bearing cells, as tested in a 51Cr release assay, was shown to be a T cell function by serial fractionation experiments. Peak @entity137 of infiltrating T cells occurred early during the rejection process, while that of cells from recipient blood and lymphoid tissues occurred only following complete graft destruction. Antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated @entity137 (Ab-LMC) was demonstrated following gentle trypsinization or overnight incubation of the cells. Differing effector cell populations could be distinguished by treatment of anti-Ig and complement; direct donor-specific lymphocyte-mediated @entity137 was not disrupted by this treatment, while Ab-LMC was abolished.

title: Surface properties and functional characteristics of infiltrating cells harvested from acutely rejecting cardiac allografts in inbred XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: @entity4567 ( @entity4568 ) appears to improve early post- @entity583 hemodynamics and limit early @entity583 size in previous @entity235 studies. However, these studies did not account for the effect of collateral blood flow on @entity1188 size. Our objective was to determine the effect of @entity4568 on early @entity1188 size and hemodynamics while measuring regional myocardial blood flow. DESIGN: A prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled laboratory study using a @entity235 open-chest left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion model. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty-two mongrel @entity235 were assigned randomly to receive either @entity4568 (175 mg/kg, then 2 mg/kg/min for two hours) or placebo, beginning five minutes after @entity432 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Regional myocardial blood flow, hemodynamics, and @entity583 size were determined. @entity1188 size was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging in a subset of animals. Three of the 22 @entity235 had no @entity1188 and significantly higher collateral blood flow than the 19 animals with @entity583 (P < .001). Four hours after @entity432 , cardiac index, dP/dtmax, heart rate, and systolic and mean aortic pressures were not statistically different between groups. @entity1188 size expressed as area of @entity39 /area at risk was similar between groups ( @entity4568 , 0.55 +/- 0.28; controls, 0.59 +/- 0.31). CONCLUSION: @entity4568 given after occlusion of the LAD in this @entity235 model did not limit early @entity583 size.

title: XXXX fails to limit early @entity583 size in a @entity235 model.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['Fructose-1,6-diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity4567 :: (MESH:C029063,Chemical) :: ['Fructose-1,6-diphosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of @entity295 in an area of Valencia, as well as its characteristics, and to evaluate short-term outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: An active surveillance program was carried out to determine the incidence and characteristics of @entity295 . All @entity1 attending the Hospital de La Ribera from January 1999 to December 2004 were included. Incidence rates were calculated and logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The incidence rate was 60.9 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. The incidence was highest among @entity1 younger than 1 year (1,138 per 100,000 @entity1 -years). A total of 14.4 % of cases were @entity580 . The most common microorganisms found were @entity526 , @entity328 and @entity3631 . Microbiologically undocumented @entity295 accounted for 32 % of the cases. The case-fatality rate was 1.3 %. Seventeen @entity1 (11.1 %) were transferred to an intensive care unit (ICU). The risk of being transferred to an ICU was 14 times higher in @entity1 with @entity693 than in those with other sources of infection, independently of age and microbiological characteristics (OR 13.9, 95 % CI 2.6-75.3, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of @entity295 is high in the pediatric age group. @entity922 represented an important percentage of pediatric @entity295 in our center. The main factor associated with @entity1 transfer to the ICU was the central nervous system as the source of @entity295 .

title: [Estimation of incidence and analysis of XXXX in an area of Valencia (Spain)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical sepsis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: 1. The @entity410 activity induced by @entity6153 has been examined in anaesthetized @entity19 either by determining the @entity54906 for the @entity410 in drug-treated and control animals, or by studying the effects of various drugs on the total whole body activity. 2. The results indicate that @entity2661 play no part in the mechanism of action of @entity6153 . Drugs which alter cerebral @entity2922 levels had no effect on the @entity410 , nor did the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. 3. @entity750 ( @entity750 ) could possibly be important, though results with drugs which either change brain @entity750 levels, or block @entity750 receptors were inconsistent. 4. @entity1246 also appears not to be involved in the mechanism of action of @entity6153 . 5. The results strongly suggest that @entity6153 primarily activates a central cholinergic system, in that muscarinic and nicotinic receptor blocking drugs inhibit, and anticholinesterases potentiate the @entity410 .

title: A pharmacological study of the spontaneous @entity410 activity induced by XXXX ( @entity6153 ) in the anaesthetized @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-Aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity6153 :: (MESH:C034221,Chemical) :: ['1,2-dihydroxybenzene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity189 is a malignant @entity5 commonly encountered in Chinese @entity1 living in or originating from Hong Kong or southern China. This article describes the previously unreported radiologic appearances of thoracic @entity3 from @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The radiographic (33 @entity1 ) and CT (eight @entity1 ) appearances of thoracic @entity3 from @entity189 were studied retrospectively. All 33 @entity1 had biopsy-proved primary @entity189 , and seven @entity1 had biopsy-proved thoracic @entity3 . Radiologic and clinical evidence of @entity3 was unequivocal in 26 others, 16 of whom had synchronous spread to cervical lymph nodes, bone, or liver. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 (64%) had evidence of @entity3329 , most frequently hilar (n = 18, 55%), on chest radiographs or CT scans. Seventeen @entity1 (52%) had evidence of multiple parenchymal pulmonary @entity3 . Enlargement of lymph nodes without @entity358 was seen in 12 @entity1 (36%), seven of whom had radiologic signs of @entity2488 , hemoptysis, or a single @entity358 simulating a synchronous @entity54968 . @entity1143 or deposits (n = 6), @entity7749 (n = 5), and rib @entity3 (n = 4) also were seen. CONCLUSION: Metastases from @entity189 may be detected in a wide range of thoracic sites. This disease appears to be as likely to disseminate to the mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes as to the @entity358 , and it can simulate a primary @entity706 .

title: Thoracic XXXX from @entity189 of the nasopharynx: high frequency of hilar and mediastinal @entity3329 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial tumor or lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion', 'pulmonary parenchyma', 'multiple pulmonary deposits']

entities_list: @entity54968 :: ('MESH:D001984', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity7749 :: ('MESH:D008205', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangitis carcinomatosa']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The expression of @entity3998 isoforms in the skeletal muscles of nine @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) (from 2.5 to 15 yr of age) and three @entity1555 carriers was studied using different specific anti- @entity3998 MAbs. We also analyzed muscle fiber size and fiber reactivity with @entity9186 and/or with a surface antigen marker. One-quarter of all fibers of @entity1555 @entity1 , or less with age, were of normal size and contained only adult slow @entity3998 . Half of the muscle fibers contained adult and developmental MHCs. Only half of these fibers were representative of an active regenerative process. @entity3998 co-expression also altered the proportion of normal fast or slow fibers. Adult fast MHCs were expressed as unique @entity3998 only in small and very small fibers in the oldest @entity1555 @entity1 . In @entity1555 carrier muscles, the greatest alterations in @entity3998 expression were observed in @entity1 with the most reduced dystrophin expression. However, @entity3998 changes in dystrophin-positive fibers were similar to those observed in dystrophin-free fibers. In conclusion, disruptions or delays in the switching of all genes coding for adult fast and slow @entity3998 and developmental @entity3998 coincided with dystrophin deletion and with perturbations in its expression.

title: Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in XXXX @entity1 and carriers.

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: A @entity1 , 30-year-old @entity1 , was admitted to Shinshu University Hospital with gait disturbance and numbness of both arms and legs in June 1985. General physical findings were normal except for facial asymmetry, i.e. mild right @entity5043 . Blood pressure was normal and there were no signs of @entity4288 . Neurological examination revealed marked bilateral pyramidal tract signs, @entity425 of all extremities predominant of the right side, @entity426 and @entity132 with @entity73 and light touch sensation in the second and third trigeminal nerve regions and extremities of the left side, and mild loss of vibratory sense and numbness in all extremities. X-ray examination of the cervical spine and the myelogram of the spinal canal were normal. CT scan of the brain performed 3 hours after the myelography showed that the left vertebral artery extended from the left side of the medulla oblongata to the midline and distorted it by compression. MRI confirmed the findings of the CT scan. Vertebral angiography disclosed that the @entity5525 crossed the ventral aspect of the medulla oblongata. Compression of the medulla oblongata by the vertebral artery was diagnosed and neurovascular decompression was performed. About one month after the operation his @entity425 were slightly improved, but these symptoms progressed thereafter. One year after operation his @entity426 was more marked than preoperatively. In many cases with dolichoectatic intracranial arteries, @entity101 and @entity4288 have been reported to be usually associated with this condition. In other opinions dolichoectasia has been suggested to be a @entity66 , because such vessels are occasionally present in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case report of quadriparesis due to compression of the medulla oblongata by the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['elongated left vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of pin prick']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness', 'spastic gait and muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['facial hemiatrophy']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['spastic gait']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity5525 :: (MESH:C538664,Disease) :: ['elongated left vertebral artery']


abstract: PURPOSE: To correlate the phenotype of four @entity1 with @entity74 with the immunohistopathology of retinal tissue collected at the time of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroidal transplantation. METHODS: A clinicopathologic case series describing the phenotype of four @entity1 , including confocal immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy (EM), and the results of genetic testing. RESULTS: In Case 1, electrophysiology showed only @entity409 . Confocal microscopy revealed @entity854 . EM showed abnormal cone inner segments with swollen mitochondria. In case 2 ( @entity52909 mutation in RDS), electrophysiology demonstrated generalized cone system dysfunction with severe macular involvement. @entity13261 labeling of outer segments was nonuniform, and EM showed discs arranged in whorllike structures. Case 3 showed severe central @entity409 on multifocal electroretinogram (ERG). @entity13261 staining was irregular and disorganized. EM revealed abnormal inner segment morphology, particularly in rods, and disorganized irregular outer segments. Case 4 had localized central @entity409 on multifocal ERG. Confocal microscopy was grossly normal, with evidence of early redistribution of cone opsin to the inner segment. EM showed variable rod morphology and normal cones. CONCLUSIONS: RPE transplantation provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into @entity989 by enabling phenotypic correlation with the immunohistopathology of retinal tissue collected during surgery.

title: Clinicopathological case series of four @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['macular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['minor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited macular disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['inherited macular disease']


abstract: @entity32 and oxidative stress play a crucial role in the development of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and interference with these mechanisms represents a strategy in @entity14 chemoprevention. @entity208 , a safe molecular scavenger largely used as antigout agent, has been shown to increase survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity14 and to reduce @entity14 incidence in long-term gout users in epidemiologic studies. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled preoperative trial in subjects with @entity6523 to assess the activity of @entity208 on biomarkers of @entity14 . After complete colonoscopy and biopsy of the index polyp, 73 subjects with @entity2513 were assigned to either placebo or one of two doses of @entity208 (100 mg or 300 mg) and treated for four weeks before polyp removal. Change of Ki-67 labeling index in adenomatous tissue was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of NF-kB, @entity3546 , topoisomerase-II-a, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) in @entity6523 and normal adjacent colonic tissue. Compared with placebo, Ki-67 levels were not significantly modulated by @entity208 , whereas @entity3546 and NF-kB expression levels decreased significantly in adenomatous tissue, with a mean change from baseline of -10.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI), -20.5 to -0.7, and -8.1%, 95% CI, -22.7 to 6.5, respectively. NF-kB also decreased significantly in normal adjacent tissue (-16.4%; 95% CI, -29.0 to -3.8). No dose-response relationship was noted, except for NF-kB expression in normal tissue. @entity208 can inhibit biomarkers of oxidative activation in @entity6523 and normal adjacent tissue. Further studies should define its potential chemopreventive activity.

title: A randomized, placebo-controlled, preoperative trial of @entity208 in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps', 'colorectal adenomatous polyps', 'colon adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenoma']


abstract: We have demonstrated that @entity410 induced by @entity4176 (KA) are, at least in part, mediated via oxidative stress in @entity35 [Life. Sci. 61 (1997) PL373; Brain Res. 853 (2000) 215; Brain Res. 874 (2000) 15; Neurosci. Lett. 281 (2000) 65]. In order to extend our findings, we employed the rodent aging model in this study. After KA treatments (once a day for 5 days; 20,20,20,20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.), several parameters reflecting @entity2359 , oxidative stress [ @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and protein @entity6738 ] and aging (lipofuscin-like substances) were compared between senile-prone (P8) and resistant (R1) strains of 9-month-old male senescence-accelerated @entity19 (SAM). KA-induced @entity2359 signs as shown by mortality and @entity410 activity were more accentuated in the SAM-P8 than in the SAM-R1. Levels of @entity1865 and @entity6738 are consistently higher in the hippocampus of SAM-P8 than that of @entity3874 -R1. Significant increases in the values of @entity1865 and @entity6738 were observed 4 h or 2 days after the final KA administration. This finding was more pronounced in the SAM-P8 than in the SAM-R1. Although a significant loss of hippocampal neurons was observed 7 days post-KA, at this time the @entity1865 and @entity6738 content had returned to near control levels. In contrast, fluorescent lipofuscin-like substances and lipofuscin granules were significantly increased 7 days after KA treatments. Therefore, our data suggests that @entity19 in the senescence model are more susceptible to KA-induced @entity410 /oxidative damage, and that oxidative damage could be one of the casual factors in the accumulation of lipofuscin.

title: Oxidative damage causes formation of lipofuscin-like substances in the hippocampus of the senescence-accelerated @entity19 after XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic', 'neurotoxic behaviors']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainate']


abstract: Sipid mediators of @entity32 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity796 (PA) related @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity1577 . We studied the role of these mediators in a @entity35 model of PA endobronchitis using essential @entity844 deficient (EFAD) animals. Whole blood from EFAD animals produced significantly less leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and @entity53554 when stimulated ex vivo than did whole blood from control animals (p less than 0.005). Similarly, lung lavage fluid from EFAD animals infected with PA contained less LTB4 and @entity7489 (TXB2) than that from control animals. Despite these differences, cellular infiltration of airways in response to @entity2782 was virtually identical in animals from the regular diet and the EFAD groups. Both EFAD and control animals had a significant increase in white blood cells (WBC) in lung lavage fluid at 1, 3 and 6 days following @entity281 with PA when compared to animals receiving sterile beads. Localized areas of consolidation and nodularity were grossly evident in the lungs of all PA infected animals irrespective of their ability to generate the lipid inflammatory mediators. Microscopic examination of lung sections demonstrated similar changes in all infected animals. We conclude that LTB4 and TXB2 production occurs early in the course of PA @entity358 in @entity35 . This early rise in lipid mediators is temporally associated with an influx of WBC into the airways. However, attenuation of @entity9610 production by use of an EFAD diet does not lead to a reduction in the inflammatory response to @entity2782 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reduction of @entity9610 production by essential @entity844 depletion does not attenuate the inflammatory response induced by @entity796 pneumonia in XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['PA infection']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary damage', 'pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity53554 :: ('MESH:C008033', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcomes resulting from the use of fluoroscopically guided therapeutic sacroiliac joint injections in @entity1 with @entity2720 . DESIGN: A retrospective study design with independent clinical review was utilized. Thirty-one @entity1 were included; each @entity1 met specific physical examination criteria and failed to improve clinically after at least 4 wk of physical therapy. Each @entity1 demonstrated a positive response to a fluoroscopically guided diagnostic sacroiliac joint injection. Therapeutic sacroiliac joint injections were administered in conjunction with physical therapy. Outcome measures included Oswestry scores, Visual Analog @entity158 scores, work status, and medication usage. RESULTS: @entity1 ' symptom duration before diagnostic injection averaged 20.6 mo. An average of 2.1 therapeutic injections was administered. Follow-up data collection was obtained at an average of 94.4 wk. A significant reduction (P = 0.0014) in @entity717 score was observed at the time of follow-up. Visual Analog @entity158 scores were reduced (P < 0.0001) at the time of discharge and at follow-up. Work status was also significantly improved at the time of discharge (P = 0.0313) and at follow-up (P = 0.0010). A trend (P = 0.0645) toward less drug usage was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These initial findings suggest that fluoroscopically guided therapeutic sacroiliac joint injections are a clinically effective intervention in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2720 . Controlled, prospective studies are necessary to further clarify the role of therapeutic injections in this @entity1 population.

title: Fluoroscopically guided therapeutic sacroiliac joint injections for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joint syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Scale pain']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['sacroiliac joint syndrome']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity235 bites that result in @entity130 occur frequently, but how frequently @entity235 bite @entity130 necessitate medical attention at a hospital or hospital admission is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and characteristics of @entity235 bite @entity130 treated in US @entity341 ( @entity341 ). DESIGN: Emergency department survey from the National Center for Health Statistics National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 1992 to 1994. @entity1 : National probability sample of @entity1 visiting @entity341 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of @entity235 bites treated in @entity341 , defined as a cause of injury recorded as the E-code E906.0. RESULTS: The 3-year annualized, adjusted, and weighted estimate of new @entity235 bite-related @entity130 to US @entity341 was 333687, a rate of 12.9 per 10000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.5-15.4). This represents approximately 914 new @entity235 bite @entity130 requiring @entity2613 visits per day. The median age of @entity1 bitten was 15 years, with @entity1 , especially @entity1 aged 5 to 9 years, having the highest incidence rate (60.7 per 10000 @entity1 for @entity1 aged 5 to 9 years). @entity1 seen in @entity341 were more likely than older @entity1 to be bitten on the face, neck, and head (73% vs 30%). We estimated that for each US @entity235 bite fatality there are about 670 hospitalizations and 16000 @entity2613 visits. CONCLUSIONS: @entity235 bite @entity130 are an important source of injury in the US population, especially among @entity1 . Improved surveillance and prevention of @entity235 bite-related @entity130 , particularly among @entity1 , are needed.

title: Incidence of XXXX bite @entity130 treated in @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'boys', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury visits', 'injuries']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: In 2715 of 4524 @entity1 with @entity320 treated surgically between 1968 and 1992 prognostic parameters were analysed for their value in predicting the occurrence of first progression. All of the 2715 @entity1 developed only one invasive @entity320 during the follow-up period. Data concerning @entity5 thickness and mitotic index (maximum number of mitoses per square millimetre) of the cutaneous @entity320 were determined. Between the characteristics age, @entity5 thickness, mitotic index, prognostic index (PI), sex, site of @entity5 , @entity320 subtype and Clark level, the value of the mitotic index, as a prognostic parameter independent of @entity5 thickness, and the combination of mitotic index and @entity5 thickness were evaluated. The development of the first @entity3 was documented during a mean follow-up of 7.5 years. The majority of first recurrences occurred at regional lymph nodes and attempts have been made to identify those @entity1 at risk of developing @entity3 . The most effective parameters proved to be @entity5 thickness and mitotic index. For both parameters an independent prognostic influence was shown. The prognostic index, defined as the product of @entity5 thickness and number of mitoses per square millimetre, was re-evaluated and confirmed. A new modified prognostic index, defined as the product of square @entity5 thickness and mitotic index, proved to be even more useful for defining a subgroup of @entity1 who are at risk of developing @entity3 and, therefore, might benefit from adjuvant therapy.

title: Prognostic index for XXXX : an analysis after follow-up of 2715 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are underused. Systems approaches that incorporate administrative and organizational strategies are more successful than education of providers for improving vaccination rates. Little has been published on the long-term success and durability of such efforts. METHODS: We performed a 10-year time-series study to examine the durability and success of an ongoing, multifaceted, institution-wide @entity683 and pneumococcal vaccination program. The program was first implemented at the Minneapolis Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center in 1987-88 following the demonstration that a clinic-based standing order policy was much more successful than provider education for improving vaccine delivery. The program ensures that vaccine is offered to all high-risk @entity1 followed up at the medical center, promotes convenient access for @entity1 , and facilitates efficient administration of vaccine. Specific elements include an annual mailing to @entity1 , standing orders for nurses, walk-in clinics, and the use of standardized, preprinted documentation forms. Initially the program targeted high-risk outpatients for @entity683 vaccination. It was extended to include inpatients in 1989-90. Pneumococcal vaccinations were added to the program in 1994-95. Vaccination rates are estimated each year from surveys mailed to randomly selected @entity1 , and vaccine utilization is monitored through pharmacy logs. RESULTS: The survey response rates have exceeded 75% each year. Influenza vaccination rates for all high-risk @entity1 followed up at the medical center have increased from 58% following the 1987-88 vaccination season to 84% in 1996-97 (P < 0.001). Pneumococcal vaccination rates have also increased from 34% in 1994-95 to 63% in 1996-97 (P < 0.001). Vaccination rates are similar for inpatients and outpatients, but rates for high-risk @entity1 < 65 years of age remain lower than for the elderly: 69% versus 89% for @entity683 , 1996-97 (P < 0.001); 52% versus 66% for pneumococcal, 1996-97 (P = 0.05). For elderly @entity1 followed up at the medical center, @entity683 (89% versus 67%, P < 0.0001) and pneumococcal (66% versus 43%, P < 0.0001) vaccination rates significantly exceeded those for the state of Minnesota in 1996-97. The annual number of @entity683 vaccine doses dispensed has increased from 10,000 in 1987-88 to more than 22,000 in 1996-97; and more than 13,000 doses of pneumococcal vaccine have been administered from 1994-95 through 1996-97. CONCLUSION: This simple, multifaceted program that incorporates administrative and organizational strategies to enhance @entity683 and pneumococcal vaccination rates has been highly durable and successful over a 10-year peroid. Similar strategies if implemented in other settings may enhance vaccination rates for the millions of high-risk @entity1 who have yet to be immunized.

title: Ten-year durability and success of an organized program to increase XXXX and pneumococcal vaccination rates among high-risk adults.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Blood metabolites can be detected as low-mass ions (LMIs) by mass spectrometry (MS). These LMIs may reflect the pathological changes in metabolism that occur as part of a disease state, such as @entity5 . We constructed a LMI discriminant equation (LOME) to investigate whether systematic LMI profiling might be applied to @entity5 screening. LMI information including m/z and mass peak intensity was obtained by five independent MALDI-MS analyses, using 1,127 sera collected from healthy individuals and @entity5 @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ), @entity0 ( @entity0 ), @entity356 ( @entity356 ) and other types of @entity5 . Using a two-stage principal component analysis to determine weighting factors for individual LMIs and a two-stage LMI selection procedure, we selected a total of 104 and 23 major LMIs by the LOME algorithms for separating @entity14 from control and rest of @entity5 samples, respectively. @entity14 LOME demonstrated excellent discriminating power in a validation set (sensitivity/specificity: 93.21%/96.47%). Furthermore, in a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) of available validation samples, the discriminating power of @entity14 LOME was much stronger (sensitivity/specificity: 94.79%/97.96%) than that of the FOBT (sensitivity/specificity: 50.00%/100.0%), which is the standard @entity14 screening tool. The robust discriminating power of the LOME scheme was reconfirmed in screens for @entity0 (sensitivity/specificity: 92.45%/96.57%) and @entity356 (sensitivity/specificity: 93.18%/98.85%). Our study demonstrates that LOMEs might be powerful noninvasive diagnostic tools with high sensitivity/specificity in @entity5 screening. The use of LOMEs could potentially enable screening for @entity66 (including different types of @entity5 ) from a single sampling of LMI information.

title: Low-mass-ion discriminant equation: a new concept for XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BRC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity2647 , an alpha-adrenergic agonist, increases pharyngeal cross-sectional area when applied topically to the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, we examined the possibility that the increase in area results from either a decrease in transmural collapsing pressure, as a result of a decrease in upstream (nasal) resistance, or an increase in upper airway muscle activity. In eight normal, awake @entity1 we measured inspiratory pharyngeal and nasal resistance and the electrical activity of the genioglossus (EMGGG) and alae nasi (EMG(AN) before and after pharyngeal and nasal + pharyngeal instillation of 1 ml of either 0.25% @entity2647 or normal saline; @entity2647 and saline were tested on separate days. Under control eucapnic conditions, pharyngeal resistance was 0.43 +/- 0.03 cm @entity2507 /L/s, and nasal resistance was 2.43 +/- 0.14 cm @entity2507 /L/s. Pharyngeal resistance was 0.29 +/- 0.03 cm @entity2507 /L/s after nasal + pharyngeal instillation of @entity2647 and 0.98 +/- 0.13 cm @entity2507 /L/s after saline; nasal resistance was 2.18 +/- 0.13 cm @entity2507 /L/s after nasal + pharyngeal instillation of @entity2647 and 3.15 +/- 0.21 cm @entity2507 /L/s after saline. Thus, @entity2647 decreased both nasal and pharyngeal inspiratory resistance. The change in pharyngeal resistance was not dependent on the change in nasal resistance. Eucapnic EMGGG and EMGAN activities did not change after @entity2647 or saline. We conclude that @entity2647 decreased pharyngeal resistance independent of a change in nasal resistance of upper airway muscle activity, and we believe that the changes in resistance we observed reflect a direct effect of @entity2647 on the pharyngeal mucosa and a consequent enlargement of pharyngeal size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nasal and pharyngeal resistance after topical mucosal vasoconstriction in normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations among @entity28 , uterine contraction frequency, and spontaneous @entity600 in @entity1 at risk for spontaneous @entity600 . METHODS: In a secondary analysis, we analyzed data from 253 @entity1 at risk for spontaneous @entity600 (prior spontaneous @entity600 , @entity3556 ) enrolled in a multicenter observational study of home uterine activity monitoring at 11 centers. All @entity1 wore a uterine activity monitor twice daily from 22 weeks through 34 weeks of gestation. Mean and maximal contractions/hour at 22-24, 25-26, 27-28, 29-30, 31-32 weeks, and at or after 33 weeks of gestation were compared between overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 (a body mass index [BMI] at 22-24 weeks greater than 25 kg/m) and normal/underweight @entity1 (a BMI of 25 kg/m or less) at each gestational age interval. Multivariable analysis evaluated the influences of BMI, contractions, fetal fibronectin, and transvaginal cervical length on spontaneous @entity600 before 35 weeks. RESULTS: Obese/overweight @entity1 (n=156) were significantly less likely to experience spontaneous @entity600 before 35 weeks (8.3% compared with 21.7%, P<.01). For each gestational age interval before 32 weeks, @entity28 /overweight @entity1 had fewer mean contractions/hour (P<.01 for each) and maximal contractions/hour (P<.01 for each) than normal/underweight @entity1 , although their mean cervical lengths (34.3 mm compared with 33.1 mm, P=.25), and fetal fibronectin levels (7.1% compared with 7.2% 50 ng/mL or more, P=.97) were similar at study enrollment. Obese/overweight status was associated with a lower risk of spontaneous @entity600 before 35 weeks after controlling for contraction frequency and other factors evaluated at 22-24 weeks, but not at later periods. CONCLUSION: Obese/overweight @entity1 at risk for spontaneous @entity600 exhibit less uterine activity and less frequent spontaneous @entity600 before 35 weeks of gestation than normal/underweight @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: XXXX , uterine activity, and the risk of spontaneous @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['maternal obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Maternal obesity']


abstract: Education programs for intensive insulin therapy were found to be valuable in improving glycemic control, but, due to low prevalence of type 1 @entity6 in @entity1 and adolescents, access to those programs varies considerably in rural areas. We report on a telemedical care program that overcomes geographical isolation of @entity1 on intensive insulin therapy. Sixty-one @entity1 and adolescents under the age of 26 participated in a telemedical care program. They stored daily information on blood @entity413 , injected insulin, meals and exercise in a glucosemeter with electronic memory and transferred the data via modem go a remote @entity6 center outside of the region. By individual telephone consultations from home, they reviewed the data with a diabetologist at the @entity6 center and adjusted their intensive insulin therapy in order to achieve predefined treatment goals. @entity1 were trained for 19 (6-48) weeks in the program and measured blood @entity413 4.9 (1.7-4.9) times daily. Compared to the run-in-period, mean blood @entity413 had decreased (167 to 158 mg/dL, p < 0.01), standard deviation of blood @entity413 had decreased (81 to 70 mg/dL, p < 0.001), and frequency of @entity4053 had decreased (5.2 to 3.3 in 4 weeks, p = 0.01) at the end of the program. The proportion of blood @entity413 values within the target range (80-180 mg/dL) had increased (47-55%, p < 0.001). HbAlc was reduced by 0.4% (-3.8 to +2.2%, p < 0.05). Telemedical care for intensive insulin therapy is safe, can improve glycemic control, and reduce the number of @entity4053 in @entity1 and adolescents with type 1 @entity6 .

title: Telemedical care reduces @entity4053 and improves glycemic control in @entity1 and adolescents with type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemias']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The preimplantation period of @entity1 development is characterized by cleavage of a one-cell embryo to a blastocyst stage embryo. During preimplantation development, 15%-50% of the embryos die as a result of factors that are largely unknown. Two parameters of preimplantation development, a fast rate of development and a low degree of @entity1949 , are indicative of good embryo quality. There is mounting evidence that genes control both rate of development and degree of @entity1949 . We have discovered a gene, Ped (preimplantation embryo development), which controls the rate of preimplantation embryonic cleavage. The Ped gene is encoded by two similar genes, Q7 and Q9, in the Q region of the @entity19 major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The Ped gene product is an MHC class Ib protein, the @entity54927 antigen. The mechanisms by which the Ped gene controls rate of embryonic cleavage division are being explored. In order to understand genetic mechanisms underlying the second criterion of embryo quality, degree of @entity1949 , we have begun to assess expression of the genes that could potentially regulate apoptosis in preimplantation embryos. We have shown that @entity866 can induce apoptosis in @entity19 blastocysts. By using RT-PCR, we have shown that genes encoding protein in the two major gene families that regulate apoptosis, the @entity1379 and caspase gene families, are present in preimplantation embryos. We hypothesize that there is a homeostatic mechanism by which genes that regulate cell survival and those that regulate cell death determine the overall viability of preimplantation embryos.

title: Genetic regulation of preimplantation XXXX embryo survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The deregulation of several cell cycle-related genes participates in @entity5 . Cell cycle progression is driven by cyclin-dependent kinases, which are positively regulated by association with cyclins and negatively regulated by binding to inhibitory subunits. The activity of cyclin-dependent kinases is also regulated by the phosphorylation status, which is controlled by the antagonistic action of @entity10836 kinase and @entity10609 phosphatases. Three @entity10609 genes are present in @entity1 cells: @entity10837 , @entity8188 , and @entity10609 . These three genes function at different phases of the cell cycle. Whereas @entity10837 and @entity8188 are expressed throughout the cell cycle, with peak expression in G1 for @entity10837 and in both G1-S-phase and G2 for @entity8188 , @entity10609 is predominantly expressed in G2. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for @entity10609 s as oncogenes. @entity10837 and @entity8188 cooperate with Ha-ras or loss of @entity996 in the oncogenic transformation of rodent fibroblasts. Moreover, they are transcriptional targets of @entity517 , and @entity10837 in particular plays an important role as a mediator of myc functions. On the basis of the evidence that @entity10609 phosphatases can act as oncogenes, we analyzed the expression of @entity10837 , @entity8188 , and @entity10609 genes in 20 @entity957 of the head and neck by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Our results show that whereas @entity10609 is expressed at a low level with no relevant differences between neoplastic tissue and normal mucosa, @entity10837 and @entity8188 are overexpressed in a large fraction of @entity5 .

title: Overexpression of XXXX and @entity8188 in head and neck cancers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic transformation', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity10837 :: (993,Gene) :: ['CDC25A']


abstract: For the diagnosis of @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ), confirmatory testing is mandatory and different function tests can be employed. There are, however, sparse data comparing the @entity7842 suppression test (FST) and the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). @entity1 with @entity1368 (n=90) or essential @entity101 (n=65) were studied. They underwent one or the other test or both of them. Using the DPC Siemens @entity1369 radioimmunoassay, we found that the @entity1062 led to a stronger suppression of @entity1369 than the FST. Post-test @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratios (ARRs) and the percentage of suppression of @entity1369 serum concentrations performed worse. The same results were observed in @entity1 who underwent both FST and @entity1062 . Some @entity1 had divergent results in both tests. For the @entity1062 , a lower cutoff value should be used than for the FST for the adequate identification of @entity1 with unilateral @entity1368 . Long-term prospective studies are needed to address the question at what cutoff values @entity1 benefit from subtype differentiation of @entity1368 . We discuss here possible explanations for divergent results obtained with both tests.

title: Comparison of the XXXX and the @entity7842 suppression test for the diagnosis of @entity1368 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'saline infusion test']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['saline infusion test']


abstract: Between January 1975 and December 1985 214 @entity1 underwent prosthetic aortic valve replacement for isolated @entity337 . @entity1 follow-up averaged 5.4 years after the operation (range 0.7-10.7 years). Preoperative staging showed 9 @entity1 to be in NYHA stage II, 111 @entity1 in stage III, and 94 @entity1 in stage IV. At follow-up 3 @entity1 complained of increased fatigue, 9 @entity1 remained stable and 167 @entity1 had improved. 103 of these @entity1 were free of symptoms under stress, i.e. NYHA stage I. The hospital mortality was 3.7% (8/214 @entity1 ). An additional 26 @entity1 died within an average of 2.8 years. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 85%; the 10-year survival rate was 81.5%. 10 @entity1 underwent a second operation within an average of 3.4 years. The correlation between the end-diastolic volume and the regurgitated blood volume has prognostic significance. 25 @entity1 with appropriate enlargement of the left ventricle showed a significant decrease of the end-diastolic volume and the roentgenographic heart volume combined with an increase of ejection fraction. None of these 25 @entity1 died from @entity299 . A control group of 9 @entity1 with @entity296 showed no significant change in the above parameters. 4 @entity1 in the control group died. We conclude that the relationship of regurgitated blood volume and the left ventricular end-diastolic volume is of prognostic significance for @entity1 with chronic @entity337 presenting with minimal symptoms.

title: Late results of prosthetic valve replacement for XXXX and the prognostic significance of the end-diastolic and regurgitated blood volumes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vagus-induced @entity955 is of particular clinical interest. The muscarinic @entity972 current I(K( @entity1617 )) mediates the induction of vagus-induced @entity955 . Selective inhibition of I(K( @entity1617 )) seems to be an option to treat @entity955 . The application of @entity2643 , presently one of the most important antiarrhythmic agents in the parmacological treatment of @entity955 , is limited by its adverse effects. @entity51846 , a new @entity2643 derivative, and @entity2780 are new class III antiarrhythmic agents. METHODS: In @entity840 atrial myocytes the muscarinic @entity972 current (I(K( @entity1617 ))) was activated by @entity934 and @entity859 . The effect of @entity51846 on I(K( @entity1617 )) was measured using the whole-cell voltage-clamp method. RESULTS: @entity51846 and @entity2780 in a concentration of 50 microM effectively inhibited the muscarinic @entity972 current. The effect was concentrationdependent and reversible. The half-maximum effective concentration was 0.8 microM ( @entity51846 ) and 2.8 microM ( @entity2780 ). The inhibition of I(K( @entity1617 )) was independent of the mode of its activation. The @entity859 -induced ion current was as well inhibited by both drugs as the @entity934 -induced ion current. Via GTP-gamma-S irreversibly activated I(K( @entity1617 )) was also inhibited by @entity51846 and @entity2780 , whereas intracellular application showed no effect on I(K( @entity1617 )). CONCLUSION: @entity51846 and @entity2780 are potent inhibitors of IK( @entity1617 ). Their effect is most likely mediated by direct interaction with the extracellular part of the ion channel. Acute effects of @entity51846 on ventricular myocardium are not known so far. @entity2780 on the other hand is known to inhibit I(kr). @entity51846 is a promising antiarrhythmic agent for the pharmacotherapy of vagus-induced @entity955 .

title: [Inhibition of the muscarinic @entity972 current by XXXX , a new antiarrhythmic agent to treat @entity955 ].

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2780 :: ('MESH:C067192', 'Chemical') :: ['ibutilide', 'Ibutilide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity51846 :: (MESH:C446946,Chemical) :: ['KB130015']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in Q-wave leads has been traditionally associated with passive stretching of the @entity1188 wall, perinecrotic @entity63 and, according to recent scintigraphic studies, with @entity296 . At present, however, no definitive conclusions are available. We evaluated the potential role of a time-domain analysis of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation for the identification of viable @entity1562 and residual @entity63 in @entity1 with previous Q-wave @entity583 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with a previous Q-wave @entity583 underwent a bicycle exercise stress test, @entity452 stress echocardiography, coronary arteriography and left ventriculography. RESULTS: @entity1 with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in Q-wave leads (n = 36) showed more severe impairment of resting left ventricular function, when evaluated in terms of wall motion score index at echocardiography (1.62 +/- 0.33 vs 1.41 +/- 0.22, p < 0.01) and in terms of wall motion score at ventriculography (5.9 +/- 1.6 vs 4.1 +/- 1.5, p < 0.03), compared to @entity1 without ST-segment shift (n = 24). No differences between the two groups were seen in the severity and extension of @entity453 . The two groups of @entity1 did not differ in the overall incidence of viability (50% in @entity1 with vs 62% in those without ST-segment elevation, p = NS) and homozonal @entity63 (39 vs 26%, p = NS), when evaluated with @entity452 echocardiography. However, a time-domain analysis of the ST-segment changes during exercise showed that the duration of exercise up to 0.1 mV ST-segment elevation was significantly lower in @entity1 with viability (6.2 +/- 3.3 min) than in those without (10.2 +/- 2.2 min) (p < 0.001). Accordingly, ST-segment elevation occurred within 3 and 6 min of exercise in 7/18 and in 12/18 @entity1 with viability respectively, but in only 0/18 (p < 0.01) and in 1/18 (p < 0.01) @entity1 without viability. Thus, ST-segment elevation occurring within the first two stages of the exercise test was, respectively, 39 and 67% sensitive and 100 and 94% specific for viability. Early onset ST-segment elevation (within 3 and 6 min) was also more frequent in @entity1 with high-dose @entity452 -induced homozonal @entity63 than in those without (sensitivity for @entity63 50 and 67%; specificity 95 and 74%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: After @entity583 , ST-segment elevation in Q-wave leads at the peak of exercise is associated with severe resting @entity1002 but fails to identify @entity1 with a viable @entity1562 or residual @entity63 . Instead, ST-segment elevation occurring in the early phases of exercise is a highly specific, although not very sensitive marker of @entity452 -assessed viability in the @entity1188 area and may be indicative of residual @entity63 .

title: Time-domain analysis of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in Q-wave XXXX : a useful tool for the screening of @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to replicate and extend a previous study of inferencing in which some adults with @entity16 ( @entity16 ) generated but did not maintain predictive inferences over time (M. Lehman-Blake _ C. Tompkins, 2001). Two hypotheses were tested: (a) inferences were deactivated, and (b) selection of previously generated inferences was slowed and not measurable with the original stimuli. Existing literature did not support one hypothesis over the other. METHOD: Fourteen adults with @entity16 and 14 with @entity75 ( @entity75 ) participated in this mixed-design study. @entity1 read short narratives that suggested a predictive inference. Reading times were obtained to assess inference generation, maintenance, and integration. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 evidenced generation and maintenance of inferences. For the few who did not maintain inferences, @entity1 with @entity75 always deactivated the inferences, whereas those with @entity16 demonstrated either deactivation or slowed selection. Adults with @entity16 were more likely to exhibit slowing in inference generation and integration. CONCLUSIONS: The results for inference maintenance differ from the original study in that most @entity1 with @entity16 maintained inferences. Deactivation appeared in both groups, whereas slowed selection appeared to be an aberrant process related to @entity16 . Future work is needed to tease out the relationships between comprehension, working memory, and inferencing processes.

title: Inferencing processes after right hemisphere XXXX : maintenance of inferences.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['NBD', 'no brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['RHD', 'right hemisphere damage']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: @entity64 stands as the third leading cause of @entity204 . It makes great demands on @entity1 , who must not only survive the complications of the acute stages, but must cope then with the great physical and economic costs of long-term disabilities. Therefore, there is urgent need to establish generally useful regimens for the acute treatment of @entity64 . Three treatment approaches are based upon pathophysiologic concepts derived from experimental work with focal @entity1779 . These include pharmacologic strategies for arterial recanalisation, inhibition of inflammatory processes and neural protection. Focal @entity1779 secondary to occlusion of a brain-supplying artery initiates neuronal and microvascular events, and the simultaneous processes of @entity32 which further injure tissue. The use of plasminogen activators to mediate @entity715 and lysis in the acute setting has been shown to be clinically beneficial. Further work with arterial reperfusion strategies is under way. Early clinical studies with polymorphonuclear leukocyte-dependent endothelial adhesion receptor antagonists are being completed, but a strategy has yet to emerge. A large effort examining the potential efficacy of agents which may stabilise or protect neurons from @entity130 has shown promise in experimental models, and has been translated into clinical trials. Experimental work, and limited clinical experience, have indicated that: (a) the time window for intervention is important in limiting ischaemic and inflammatory injury, and for reducing the risk of @entity548 transformation; (b) putative neuroprotective strategies may potentially elongate the time interval for treatment; and (c) limitations from the adverse effects of plasminogen activators and of agents which beneficially affect @entity528 during ischaemia must yet be overcome. This review surveys pharmacological approaches currently undergoing evaluation which provide the goal of establishing effective strategies for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Trends and future developments in the pharmacological treatment of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the results of a program of outpatient insulinization in @entity2175 and the resulting saving in cost. METHODS: Data from 39 @entity1 with that disease (mean age 62 years) were evaluated four months after the beginning of @entity2690 therapy and @entity6 education. The economic cost of the outpatient program was calculated and compared with the cost if @entity1 had been admitted. RESULTS: A good metabolic control was achieved with a significant reduction (p less than 0.001) of the glycemic levels from 281 +/- 43 mg/dl (15.6 +/- 2.4 mmol/l) to 156 +/- 22 mg/dl (8.6 +/- 1.5 mmol/l). @entity948 levels were reduced from 4.7 +/- 0.54 mmol/l to 3.29 +/- 0.51 mmol/l. Seventeen @entity1 had some episode of mild @entity4053 . The @entity2690 dose was increased from 0.27 +/- 0.06 U per kg and day to 0.42 +/- 0.1 (11 @entity1 required two @entity2690 doses). At onset, no @entity1 controlled the glycemia at home, while at the end of the program 46% did so. The evaluation of each educational end-point showed a mean of 4.8 +/- 0.3 (from 0 to 5); the end-point with the best score were the technical aspects. The economic cost of the program was 230.39 ptas per @entity1 and day, versus 1351.75 ptas per @entity1 and day if the @entity1 had been admitted. CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient insulinization in @entity2175 has very good results and is economically effective provided the adequate equipment and facilities are available.

title: [Outpatient @entity2690 therapy in XXXX : program evaluation and calculation of cost saving].

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['Fructose']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7824 are @entity5 with neuronal differentiation typically located in the lateral ventricles of young adults. Although the treatment of choice is complete surgical excision, @entity1 may experience local recurrence. Adjuvant therapy for @entity1 with residual or recurrent @entity5 has included reoperation, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. To avoid the side effects of conventional radiotherapy in young @entity1 , we present a series of @entity1 with clear evidence of @entity5 progression who were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery. METHODS: Four @entity1 (ages 20-49 yr; mean, 28 yr) who presented with an intraventricular mass on magnetic resonance imaging scans and underwent craniotomy for @entity5 resection were reviewed retrospectively. Histopathological analysis confirmed @entity7824 in all cases. Each @entity1 was followed up clinically and radiographically with serial magnetic resonance imaging. When radiographic signs of @entity5 progression were evident, @entity1 were treated with radiosurgery. RESULTS: Complete radiographic @entity5 resection was achieved in all @entity1 . There were no major @entity260 . Local @entity5 progression was detected on magnetic resonance imaging scans 9 to 25 months after surgery (median, 17.5 mo). All @entity1 achieved complete response to radiosurgery with reduction in @entity5 size. There have been no complications from radiosurgery. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 28 months (mean, 16.5 mo) after radiosurgery, and from 24 to 84 months (mean, 54.5 mo) after initial presentation. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery with the gamma knife unit provides safe and effective adjuvant therapy after surgical resection of @entity7824 . Radiosurgery may eliminate the need for reoperation and avoid the possible long-term side effects from conventional radiotherapy in young @entity1 .

title: Radiosurgery for the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['Central neurocytomas', 'central neurocytoma', 'central neurocytomas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity7824 :: (MESH:D018306,Disease) :: ['central neurocytomas']


abstract: The interaction of plasma @entity2661 and @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) ventilation was examined during @entity2806 in @entity35 . Group 1 (n = 19) was anesthetized with 50 micrograms.kg-1 x h-1 of @entity3575 and ventilated with 70% @entity1568 in @entity26 . Group 2 (n = 19) was anesthetized with intravenous @entity3575 (25 micrograms.kg-1 x h-1) and 70% @entity3727 ventilation in @entity26 . Group 3 (n = 10) received 25 micrograms.kg-1 x h-1 of @entity3575 and 70% @entity3727 ventilation and 100 micrograms/kg of @entity6948 , an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist that decreases sympathetic activity. Incomplete @entity2806 was produced by right carotid ligation combined with hemorrhagic @entity551 to 30 mm Hg for 30 min. Plasma @entity2661 were measured during @entity63 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was evaluated by using laser Doppler. Neurologic outcome was evaluated for 3 days after @entity63 . Plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 and were decreased 20% and neurologic outcome was significantly worse in Group 2 ventilated with @entity3727 compared with @entity3575 -anesthetized controls (P < 0.05). @entity6948 -treated @entity35 had lower plasma @entity2661 (20% of control) and larger decreases in CBF during @entity63 compared with controls. @entity6948 (Group 3) improved outcome from @entity63 in comparison to both Groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). These results suggest that @entity2661 play a major role in worsening ischemic outcome. @entity3727 ventilation may increase @entity528 by enhancing the sympathetic response to @entity63 .

title: Interaction of @entity2661 and @entity3810 ventilation during incomplete XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['brain ischemia']


abstract: Sensory and microbiological characteristics of pond-raised freshwater @entity575 perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) fish, during cold storage over a period of 25 days were evaluated. Whole fish (averaging 400 g each) were stored in cold storage rooms at either 0 to 2 degrees C, 5 degrees C, or 5 degrees C + @entity33251 as a preservative. The organoleptic and hypoxanthine test results show that the treatment of @entity33251 can slow the process of spoilage by about 5 days. Yet, the most important factor affecting the shelf life of these fish is the storage temperature. Keeping the fish at 0 to 2 degrees C can prolong the storage prior to spoilage by 10 days compared with those kept at 5 degrees C. These results obtained through organoleptic tests are corroborated by both the chemical ( @entity3625 and total volatile basic @entity1568 ) and to some extent by the physical (cosmos) tests. The initial total bacteriological counts were 5 x 10(2) CFU/cm2 for fish surface and <10(2) CFU/g for fish flesh, and these counts rose continuously, reaching about 106 CFU/g (0 to 2 degrees C) and 10(7) CFU/g (5 degrees C) in flesh and 10(7) to 10(8) CFU/cm2 on the surface by the end of the storage period. The addition of @entity33251 led to a smaller increase in bacterial numbers, especially during the first 15 days. Bacterial composition fluctuated during storage. The initial load on the fish surface was predominantly mesophilic and gram positive and consisted mostly (80%) of Micrococci, Bacillus, and Corynebacterium. During the next 10 days, these bacteria were practically replaced by gram-negative flora comprised mostly of @entity11763 that rapidly increased with storage time and accounted for 95% after 15 days.

title: Effects of storage temperature and preservative treatment on shelf life of the pond-raised freshwater fish, XXXX perch (Bidyanus bidyanus).

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity33251 :: ('MESH:D013011', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium sorbate']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We are continually rediscovering how adapted recreational activity complements the rehabilitation process, enriches @entity1 ' lives and positively impacts outcome measures. Although sports for @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) has achieved spectacular visibility, participation by high cervical injuries is often restricted due to poor accessibility, safety concerns, lack of adaptability, and high costs of technology. METHODS: We endeavor to demonstrate the mechanisms, adaptability, accessibility, and benefits the sport of sailing creates in the rehabilitative process. Our sailor is a 27-year-old @entity1 with a history of traumatic @entity1566 resulting in C4 complete @entity1688 . RESULTS: The @entity1 completed an adapted introductory sailing course, and instruction on the sip-and-puff sail and tiller control mechanism. With practice, he navigated an on-water course in moderate winds of 5 to 15 knots. DISCUSSION: Despite trends toward shorter rehabilitation stays, @entity146 with recreation therapy can provide community and natural environment experiences while inpatient and continuing post discharge. Such peak physical and psychological experiences provide a positive perspective for the future that can be shared on the inpatient unit, with families and support systems like sailing clubs in the community. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation theory directs a team process to achieve @entity1 self-awareness and initiate self-actualization in spite of disablement. Utilization of local community sailing centers that have provided accessible assisted options provides @entity1 -centered self-realization of goals as assisted by family and natural supports. Such successful @entity1 become native guides for others seeking the same experience.

title: Independent sailing with high XXXX using sip and puff controls: integration into a community sailing center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'person', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive transdisciplinary collaboration']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['tetraplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Stage I-II @entity1377 ( @entity1377 ) @entity1 have a significant risk for extrapelvic recurrence. However, clinicopathologic risk factors for recurrence are not well understood. This study was undertaken to define the prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1377 . METHODS: A retrospective, multi-institution analysis of surgically staged I-II @entity1377 @entity1 was performed. @entity1 were treated by various adjuvant modalities. Age, race, sub-stage, percentage @entity1377 histology, lymphvascular space invasion (LVSI), @entity5 size and adjuvant treatment modality were evaluated for their effect on recurrence and survival outcomes. RESULTS: We identified 206 @entity1 . Forty @entity1 (19.4%) had 5-49% @entity1377 , 55 (26.7%) had 50-99% and 111 @entity1 (53.9%) had 100% @entity1377 in their respective uterine specimens. Twenty one percent of @entity1 experienced a primary recurrence. On univariate analysis, age, increasing % @entity1377 , LVSI, and @entity5 size were not significantly associated with recurrence or progression-free survival (PFS). However, substage (p=0.005) and treatment with @entity902 / @entity3907 -based chemotherapy (p=0.001) were associated with recurrence/PFS. On multivariate analysis, only chemotherapy (p=0.01) was a significant factor affecting PFS, whereas age (p=0.05), substage (p=0.05), and chemotherapy (p=0.02) were associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional risk factors for recurrence and survival in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1204 may not be relevant in @entity1 with @entity1377 . @entity1 with any percentage @entity1377 in their uterine specimens are at a significant risk for recurrence and poor survival outcomes. Given that current clinicopathologic data does not accurately identify @entity1 most likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy, alternative prognostic markers based on novel techniques should be explored.

title: An updated clinicopathologic study of early-stage XXXX ( @entity1377 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['UPSC', 'uterine papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['uterine papillary serous carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical, radiographic, and @entity1 outcome review of surgically treated @entity1615 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the spontaneous correction of the noninstrumented proximal thoracic (PT) curve after isolated correction of the main thoracic (MT) curve by either an anterior ( @entity35784 ) or posterior ( @entity13645 ) instrumentation and fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There are no studies comparing the structural PT curve response after anterior versus posterior instrumented fusion of the MT curve in @entity1615 . METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 (single surgeon) with @entity1615 underwent operative instrumentation and fusion of their MT curve. All @entity1 had a PT curve > or =20 degrees (average 29 degrees, range 20-49 degrees; average residual side-bending 18 degrees, range 3-42 degrees ) and were evaluated for preoperative PT curve flexibility and postoperative curve correction after @entity13645 with the PT curve not instrumented (n = 44) and @entity35784 with the PT curve not instrumented (n = 41). Minimum follow-up was 2 years (average, 3.6 years). Preoperative, 1 week postoperative, and latest follow-up (minimum 2-year) full-length radiographs were evaluated for the PT, MT, and thoracolumbar-lumbar coronal, side-bending, and sagittal Cobb measurements, as well as T1 tilt, clavicle angle, radiographic shoulder height, and the PT, MT, and thoracolumbar-lumbar apical vertical translation. A @entity1 outcome questionnaire was also completed to correlate @entity1 satisfaction with respect to their shoulder balance and overall appearance. RESULTS: The two groups were found to be statistically equivalent (P = 0.66) in terms of preoperative PT curve, MT curve, and MT side-bending curves, with the PT side benders slightly more flexible for the @entity35784 (43%) versus the @entity13645 group (31%) (P = 0.02). RADIOGRAPHIC: The spontaneous improvement in the PT curve was significant (P < 0.0001) in both groups. Additionally, this correction was maintained over time. However, the spontaneous PT curve correction was significantly greater after an @entity35784 versus @entity13645 correction of the MT curve on both the immediate postoperative (P =0.017) and minimum 2-year (P = 0.0024) evaluations, whereas the MT curve correction was the same in both groups (P = 0.45). There was no difference in the postoperative sagittal change in the PT curve (P = 0.12) between the two groups, and there was no difference in radiographic shoulder height (P = 0.5883). @entity1 OUTCOME: Both groups reported improvement in shoulder balance and clinical appearance, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P = 0.24). Additionally, no @entity1 reported deterioration in either parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous proximal thoracic curve correction consistently occurs after instrumented correction of the main thoracic curve. Furthermore, this spontaneous correction is as good as or slightly better after an @entity35784 versus @entity13645 of the MT curve. The preoperative side bender radiographs (PT curve flexibility) positively correlate with the postoperative spontaneous PT curve correction.

title: Spontaneous proximal thoracic curve correction after isolated fusion of the main thoracic curve in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: @entity201 is a rare @entity5 . Surgery remains the only treatment to prolong survival. There is a correlation between the extent of diagnostic work-up and the achieved resection rates. Moreover, diagnostic work-up may contribute to an improvement of the surgical technique. Due to the perihilar @entity82 , the extent of the central lesion may be overestimated, which may lead to exclude the @entity1 from potentially curative surgery. En bloc resection is requested to achieve @entity5 -free resection margins. The prognosis of the @entity1 treated with surgery is strongly influenced by negative resection margins. According to our experience, 5-year survival of 78/111 @entity1 with @entity5 resection (resection rate 71%) has been 30%. Forty-eight percent of the @entity1 with curative en bloc resection of @entity5 and liver survived for more than 5 years. Perioperative mortality was 5.1%. The available data are supposed to reflect the results of centers with high caseload and not the general situation.

title: Diagnostic and surgical approaches in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['Hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity5161 with @entity1363 for sedation of ventilated @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomised control study. Setting--Intensive care unit in university teaching hospital. @entity1 : Sixty @entity1 aged 18-76 who required mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS: Sedation with either 0.1-0.6% @entity5161 in an air- @entity26 mixture (30 @entity1 ) or a continuous intravenous infusion of @entity1363 0.01-0.20 mg/kg/h (30 @entity1 ). Sedation was assessed initially and hourly thereafter on a six point scale. Incremental intravenous doses of @entity1286 0.05 mg/kg were given for @entity1337 as required. The trial sedative was stopped when the @entity1 was judged ready for weaning from ventilatory support or at 24 hours (whichever was earlier). END POINT: Achievement of a predetermined level of sedation for as much of the time as possible. MAIN RESULTS: @entity5161 produced satisfactory sedation for a greater proportion of time (86%) than @entity1363 (64%), and @entity1 sedated with @entity5161 recovered more rapidly from sedation. CONCLUSION: @entity5161 is a promising alternative technique for sedation of ventilated @entity1 in the intensive care unit.

title: @entity5161 compared with XXXX for sedation in the intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: Three experiments were conducted in an attempt to improve a continuous flow-perifusion system capable of maintaining embryo development for long periods of time. @entity291 embryos (8-16 cells) obtained from static co-culture with cumulus cells in a serum-free medium were perifused in an ACUSYST-S cell culture incubator. Culture chambers of the incubator consisted of a 0.2-mL unit (Chamber 1) connected to a 1.5-mL unit (Chamber 2), with the outflow from Chamber 1 routed to the inlet to Chamber 2. A @entity291 embryo culture medium supplemented with 3 mg @entity19264 bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 25 mM @entity7482 was used as a perifusion culture medium (PCM). Embryos were perifused in Chamber 2 for 24, 48 and 72 h and further co-cultured in a static system up to 216 h after insemination. In Experiment 1, conditioning PCM with frozen-thawed @entity291 oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) placed in Chamber 1 enhanced (P < 0.05) blastocyst formation of embryos in Chamber 2, after 24, 48 and 72 h of perifusion culture. The proportion of blastocysts was not further increased by placing BOEC in Chamber 2 along with the embryos. In Experiment 2, embryos were perifused with PCM conditioned with BOEC in Chamber 1 for 48 h or 72 h. A higher proportion of perifused embryos developed to the blastocyst stage after addition of 25 U @entity19264 of @entity224 dismutase (SOD) to PCM than in its absence. However, blastocyst formation of embryos perifused for 72 h was not increased after addition of 50 U @entity19264 SOD compared with its absence. In Experiment 3, the proportions of morulae and blastocysts were not decreased by replacement of 3 mg @entity19264 BSA with 1 mg @entity19264 @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) in a BOEC-conditioned medium containing 50 U @entity19264 SOD after perifusion for 48 h. In conclusion, PCM conditioning with BOEC and addition of an antioxidant to the perifusion medium improved the developmental capacity of perifused embryos. @entity939 is an adequate replacement for BSA in the perifusion medium.

title: Perifusion culture system for @entity291 embryos: improvement of embryo development by use of XXXX oviduct epithelial cells, an antioxidant and @entity4832 .

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Using high-frequency color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound, we evaluated the flow patterns of the left ( @entity11103 ), septal (SCA) and right (RCA) coronary arteries in @entity19 with and without transverse aortic constriction ( @entity11636 ). Fifty-two male C57BL/6J @entity19 were subjected to @entity11636 or a corresponding sham operation. At 2 and 8  wk post-surgery, Doppler flow spectra from the three coronary arteries, together with morphologic and functional parameters of the left and right ventricles, were measured. Histology was performed to evaluate myocyte size and neo-angiogenesis in both ventricles. In sham-operated @entity19 , the @entity11103 and SCA both exhibited low-flow waveforms during systole and dominantly higher-flow waveforms during diastole. The RCA exhibited generally lower flow velocity, with similar systolic and diastolic waveforms. @entity11636 significantly increased the systolic flow velocities of all coronary arteries, but enhanced the flow mainly in the @entity11103 and SCA. In the left ventricle, coronary flow reserve was partially preserved 2 wk post- @entity11636 , but decreased at 8 wk, consistent with changes in neo-angiogenesis and systolic function. In contrast, no significant change was found in the coronary flow reserve, structure or function of the right ventricle. This study has established a protocol for evaluating the flow pattern in three principal coronary arteries in @entity19 using Doppler ultrasound and illustrated the difference among three vessels at baseline. In @entity19 with @entity11636 , the difference in the associating pattern of coronary flow dynamics with the myocardial structure and function between the left and right ventricles provides further insights into ventricular remodeling under pressure overload.

title: Evaluation of bi-ventricular coronary flow patterns using high-frequency ultrasound in XXXX with transverse aortic constriction.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the epidural administration of @entity1760 during the perioperative period decreased the incidence of @entity282 ( @entity282 ) at 3 months after video-assisted thoracic surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, and blinded. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Before the induction of anesthesia, the @entity1 were assigned randomly to receive normal saline, 5 mL, (group C, n = 72) or @entity2399 , 100 mg (group M, n = 72), epidurally. At the end of surgery, group C received a continuous infusion of a mixture of 0.2% @entity1342 , 226 mL, and @entity3575 , 1,200  g, through a @entity1 -controlled epidural analgesia pump for 48 hours. In group M, @entity2399 , 500 mg, was added to the infusion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The incidence and severity of @entity282 were assessed by a telephone survey 3 months after surgery. @entity1 were asked whether they experienced @entity158 and to rank the severity of the @entity158 using a 3-point scale (1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe). The incidences of @entity282 were 42.4% in group C and 49.1% in group M. The severities of @entity158 in the @entity1 with @entity282 were 1.0 (1-2) in group C and 1.0 (1-2) in group M. The incidence and severity of @entity282 did not differ between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The epidural administration of @entity1760 from before the induction of anesthesia to 48 hours postoperatively did not decrease significantly the incidence or severity of @entity282 in @entity1 undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery.

title: Effect of epidural XXXX on the incidence of @entity282 after video-assisted thoracic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['chronic postoperative pain', 'CPOP']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors determined the frequency of repeatable diffuse loss as the only form of @entity227 in @entity1 with early to moderate @entity1538 in a prospective follow-up study. METHODS: The study contained 113 @entity1 (median age, 64 years; range, 17-89 years) who were tested at 6-month intervals with program 30-2 of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (Humphrey Instruments Inc., San Leandro, CA). Although the inclusion criterion for visual acuity was > or = 20/40, on entry, 94 (83.2%) @entity1 had an acuity of > or = 20/25. Cumulative defect curves were generated for all visual fields (median per @entity1 , 7; range, 4-9). After randomizing the order and removing all @entity1 information, two observers independently rated each visual field as being "normal" or showing "diffuse," "localized," or "diffuse and localized" loss. We defined repeatable diffuse loss as occurring when at least two thirds of the number of fields in the follow-up were classified as "diffuse." RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (12.4%) had repeatable diffuse loss according to the cumulative defect curves. After reviewing their clinical charts, we excluded six of these @entity1 because of early lens changes despite good visual acuity and three because of a suggestion of localized loss (on pattern deviation probability plots) in addition to the predominantly diffuse loss. The remaining five (4.4%) @entity1 had repeatable diffuse loss that was due solely to @entity1538 . CONCLUSION: Although diffuse visual field loss is exaggerated by factors other than @entity726 in the majority of @entity1 , it can occur repeatedly in a small number of @entity1 as the only sign of @entity227 .

title: Repeatable diffuse visual field loss in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field damage']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Laproscopic sacrocolpopexy offers a minimally invasive approach to correct post-hysterectomy @entity3577 . Herein we present our surgical technique and results. Through the transperitoneal approach, the retroperitoneal space was dissected along the right edge of the rectum and a @entity7502 mesh is sutured to the vaginal apex and the anterior longitudinal ligament of the sacrum. We sutured the mesh to the sacrum with 2-0 @entity1480 . To prevent bleeding from the pre-sacral vessels, occasionally we used a bone anchor system, Straight-In, in sacral fixation. Nine @entity1 underwent this operation since August 19, 2005. The @entity1 's age ranged from 48 to 78 years old. The median operation time was 250 minutes and the @entity190 was 80.7 ml. The median post-operative hospital stay was 8.3 days. We experienced no peri- or post-operative complications. The vagina was well fixed post-operatively in all @entity1 . Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is a minimally invasive treatment for vault prolapse and offers a high quality of life to @entity1 .

title: [Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for post-hysterectomy XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal vault prolapses']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['vaginal vault prolapse']


abstract: We assessed the risk and determined predictors of early @entity302 ( @entity302 ) in @entity1 with @entity50 (CVST). A prospective series of 194 consecutive @entity1 with acute CVST admitted to neurological wards in two German university hospitals was analysed for frequency of @entity302 and in-hospital mortality. Demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics during the acute stage were retrospectively analysed for significant association with @entity302 in univariate and multivariate analyses. During the acute stage, 19 @entity1 (9.8%) died. Early symptomatic @entity410 were found in 86 @entity1 (44.3%). @entity159 occurred in 11 @entity1 (12.8%) of whom four died. Amongst @entity1 with @entity302 , mortality was three times higher in those with status than in those without (36.4% and 12%, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, motor deficit [odds ratio (OR) 5.8; 95% CI 2.98-11.42; P < 0.001], @entity932 (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.46-5.56; P = 0.002) and @entity715 (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.43-5.96; P = 0.003) were independent predictors of early @entity302 . @entity159 was an important source of morbidity and early mortality in @entity1 with CVST in this study. @entity1 with focal @entity51 , @entity715 and @entity932 carried the highest risk for @entity302 . Prophylactic antiepileptic treatment may be an option for these @entity1 .

title: Risk and predictors of early XXXX in @entity50 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['Status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated elevated levels of excitatory @entity1522 (EAA) @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) and @entity492 ( @entity2574 ) in the synovial fluid (SF) of @entity1 with active @entity625 . The source of SF EAA concentrations are thought in large part to be secondary to passive diffusion from the plasma across synovial membranes and less so, reflective of local synovial pathology. OBJECTIVE: This descriptive report assesses the hypothesis that the SF EAA levels reflect inflammatory processes of the joint and are not dependent on plasma levels. METHODS: Simultaneously drawn plasma and SF samples were obtained from 14 recently deceased cadavers and 10 @entity1 with active @entity625 . Plasma and SF EAA and other @entity535 (AA) levels were determined by HPLC. SF: Plasma compartment concentration ratios were calculated to assess if SF EAA levels were similar to plasma levels. RESULTS: In the cadavers with no antemortem @entity625 , the mean SF: Plasma ratios for @entity367 and @entity2574 were 4-5-fold lower than the mean ratios seen for 9 other AAs, showing specific discrepancies of EAA levels between plasma and synovial fluid. In 9 @entity1 with active @entity625 , the SF: Plasma concentration ratios were higher in samples derived from inflammatory @entity2720 . CONCLUSIONS: Clinical samples demonstrated distinct, independent compartmental EAA concentrations between blood and joint compartments in support that local arthritic processes rather than plasma influence SF EAA concentrations. The SF EAA levels, whether from local cell production, local neurogenic sources, and/or transport-gradient mechanisms, parallel local pathology in the joint compartment and thus serve as surrogate biomarkers of local inflammatory processes.

title: Excitatory XXXX display compartmental disparity between plasma and synovial fluid in clinical @entity2720 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathies']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']