abstract: BACKGROUND: The Medtronic Sprint Fidelis (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) lead family is associated with an unacceptable incidence of @entity177 . There are limited data on risk factors for lead @entity174 . We hypothesized that factors leading to potential increased forces on the lead related to device implantation or technique may be associated with @entity177 . METHODS: We reviewed the implant data from our group and identified 176 @entity1 who received active fixation Medtronic Fidelis (Model 6931, single coil and Model 6949, dual coil) leads. Implant data, including age, sex, venous access site, implant side, implant location, and number of venous leads were reviewed. Hospital, pacemaker clinic, and Medtronic registration databases were reviewed for evidence of lead failure, replacement, or abandonment. Data was evaluated in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the 176 leads implanted, 10 (5.7%) were noted to develop malfunction. This presented as inappropriate shocks from sensed noise or elevated impedance measurements. Of the above noted implant features, only right-sided (vs left-sided) implant (hazard ratio [HR] 18.8, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 3.8, 93.3), and subpectoral implant (vs prepectoral; HR 14.31, 95% CI 3.2, 64.0) were predictive of lead failure in maximally adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified both right-sided implantation and subpectoral generator positioning as factors associated with premature lead malfunction in Fidelis active fixation leads. Clinical decisions regarding @entity1 management should incorporate these findings in regard to lead replacement in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Right-sided implantation and subpectoral position are predisposing factors for XXXX of a 6.6 French ICD lead.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['premature lead failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective evaluation of percutaneous interventional treatment of locally @entity2622 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since 1991, 13 @entity1 with advanced @entity5 disease have been referred to our department for diagnosis and therapy of an acute @entity190 . In all @entity1 (age 40-88 years, mean 61 years) @entity548 was detected by decrease in red blood cell count. In all cases @entity1 suffered from locally advanced or recurrent disease after surgery and/or additional radio- or chemotherapy. Embolization was performed by transfemoral access using minicoils in most cases, liquid agents less often and a covered vascular stent in one @entity1 . RESULTS: The site of the @entity548 or the blood pooling of the @entity5 could be seen in all cases angiographically. Twenty-seven treatment cycles (2.1 per @entity1 ) were performed at intervals of 3 days to 6 months. The maximum time of follow-up and additional treatments if necessary was 1 year. In 9 of 13 @entity1 (69%) the @entity548 could be stopped immediately with a single treatment or initial treatment via both iliac arteries. One @entity1 (7,7%) died during therapy because of an uncontrollable @entity548 and consecutive decrease in red blood cells count. The remaining three @entity1 (23%) showed slight persistent or recurrent @entity548 , which could be managed interventionally until the following episode. There were two complications (15%) during therapy, representing a coil misplacement and a coil wash-out, which both could be managed interventionally. CONCLUSION: @entity548 following locally advanced or recurrent @entity2622 can be stopped interventionally in about 70% of cases. Even in partial success it is possible to manage the acute life-threatening situation. Follow-up examinations of up to 1 year justify this therapeutic concept.

title: [Interventional treatment of @entity548 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cervical carcinoma', 'cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['advanced cervical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine any factors that could improve the early detection and management of @entity389 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity389 at Loyola University Medical Center (LUMC) and the Hospital for Sick @entity1 (HSC) between 1987 and 1995. Clinical records and audiometric data were accumulated. One neuroradiologist reviewed every temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scan. METHODS: Forty-six pediatric @entity1 with congenital @entity389 evaluated at two tertiary care hospitals. RESULTS: The average @entity1 age at initial assessment was 25.7 months. A family history of @entity393 was noted in only five @entity1 (12.8%). A major @entity85 was seen in 41% of @entity1 . The average hearing threshold was 88 dB. All three @entity1 with @entity2459 had @entity15902 . Two of the three @entity1 with common @entity6675 anomalies had a history of recurrent @entity693 . Twenty-seven @entity1 had a @entity8468 , the most frequent radiographic abnormality in the series. CONCLUSIONS: Because @entity389 was diagnosed after 24 months of age in a significant percentage of @entity1 , we recommend increased parental education and vigilance by primary care practitioners. Universal newborn screening may be the key to earlier detection of these @entity1 . For @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1274 , we recommend a temporal bone CT scan. @entity1 with @entity15902 must be counseled about the risk of progressive @entity1274 , @entity693 , and the need to avoid contact sports. @entity1 with common @entity854 should be considered for exploratory tympanotomy and also educated about the risk for @entity693 .

title: Clinical course of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular aqueduct deformity']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity15902 :: ('MESH:C566366', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular aqueduct enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear anomalies', 'inner ear malformation', 'congenital inner ear malformations']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cavity abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['nonotological deformity']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing loss']

answer: @entity389 :: (MESH:D007759,Disease) :: ['congenital inner ear malformations']


abstract: Medical conditions related to hormonal abnormalities were investigated in a case-control study of @entity0 among @entity1 who attended a screening centre. Information was obtained by telephone interview regarding physician-diagnosed medical conditions such as @entity409 , @entity6 , and @entity101 , as well as hirsutism, acne, @entity21696 , and reproductive, menstrual, and gynaecological factors. Results are presented for 354 cases and 747 controls. @entity1 with fertility problems who never succeeded in becoming pregnant were at significantly increased @entity0 risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.1-10.9). An elevated @entity5 risk was also associated with having excess body hair (OR = 1.5; 95% CI:1.0-2.3), or having excess body hair in addition to persistent adult acne (OR = 6.8; 95% CI:1.7-27.1). Recurrent @entity2588 (OR = 3.5; 95% CI:1.1-11.5), and a treated @entity1378 (OR = 2.2; 95% CI:1.1-4.4) were significantly associated with risk. A non-significant elevation of risk was present for @entity1869 (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.8-4.0). There was a suggestion of an association between a history of @entity21696 and @entity0 risk (OR = 2.0; 95% CI:0.8-4.9) among premenopausal @entity1 . No associations were found with other medical or gynaecological factors. The possibility that some of these findings are due to chance cannot be excluded because of the problem of multiple comparisons.

title: The influence of medical conditions associated with hormones on the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid or liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid condition']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity21696 :: ('MESH:C535402', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhoea']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors determine if any aspects of the treatment of renal transplant @entity1 with @entity788 were of particular benefit with regard to graft and @entity1 survival. BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity788 in renal transplant @entity1 is low (1%-2%), but the mortality of the disease approaches 100%. Although several descriptive reports have been published, there is no consensus-regarding management. METHODS: The authors conduct a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were identified with posttransplant @entity788 (1.3% incidence). The cause of @entity788 was presumed to be maintenance immunosuppression in all cases. @entity1 were classified by dynamic computed tomography (CT) scans having 1) mild/ @entity4 (4 @entity1 ), 2) localized abscess or @entity9007 (6 @entity1 ), or 3) severe disease (11 @entity1 ). @entity1 with mild/ @entity788 did well with medical management. The six @entity1 with localized abscess or @entity9007 were successfully treated with standard operative intervention. Of the 11 @entity1 with severe disease, 6 had several days of intensive medical management before operation, and all died. The other five @entity1 underwent early operative intervention based principally on CT scan findings, and all survived. The latter group had multiple operations and four of five had functioning renal allografts at discharge. CONCLUSION: The severity of @entity788 in the posttranplant @entity1 may be difficult to assess by clinical criteria. Dynamic CT scanning is, therefore, essential in defining the extent of disease. Early, and perhaps repeated, operations may be lifesaving in those @entity1 having CT scan findings of severe @entity788 .

title: Management of severe XXXX in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous disease']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'edematous pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity75 is an important cause of @entity360 . Optimal treatment and long-term outcome are unknown. This study aimed to characterize the presentation of the @entity75 and to summarize the results and report the long-term outcome of endoscopic therapy. METHODS: Data regarding diagnosis, treatment and outcomes were derived from our GI Bleed Team database, @entity1 records and follow-up correspondence. RESULTS: Ninety @entity75 were identified in 89 @entity1 after a mean of 1.9 endoscopies. Their mean age was 72 years. Thirty-four percent of lesions were extragastric. Median transfusion requirement was 5 units. Two @entity1 exsanguinated and 3 required surgery; all others were initially successfully treated endoscopically (with or without epinephrine injection): heat probe (71 @entity1 ), band ligation (3), hemoclip (1), laser (2), @entity162 (4), sclerotherapy (2) and @entity1425 alone (2). @entity356 occurred in 1 @entity1 following sclerotherapy. Thirty-day mortality was 13%, 4 related to @entity548 and 5 related to comorbidity. During median follow-up of 17 months, 34 @entity1 (42%) died. One @entity1 had recurrent bleeding 6 years after operation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity75 is relatively common and often extragastric. Endoscopic therapy is safe and effective. Long-term recurrence was not evident following endoscopic ablation. Follow-up after ablative therapy appears unnecessary.

title: Management and long-term prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar probe']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Dieulafoy lesions', 'Dieulafoy lesion']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric perforation']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Dieulafoy lesion']


abstract: Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents, termed I(h), are observed in a variety of neurons. Four members of a gene family encoding hyperpolarization-activated cyclic- @entity377 -gated cation channels ( @entity43831 -4) have been cloned. The regional expression and cellular localization of the four HCN channel types in @entity19 brain was investigated using in situ hybridization. The expression of @entity43831 was restricted to the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, superior colliculus and cerebellum. In contrast, @entity43833 transcripts were found at high levels nearly ubiquitously in the brain, and the strongest signals were seen in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, thalamus and brain stem. @entity43834 was uniformly expressed at very low levels throughout the brain. Finally, @entity13786 transcripts were prominently expressed selectively in the thalamus and olfactory bulb. Some neurons expressed two or more HCN channel transcripts including hippocampal pyramidal neurons ( @entity43831 , @entity43833 and low levels of @entity13786 ) and thalamic relay neurons ( @entity43833 and @entity13786 ). Our results demonstrate that each HCN channel transcript has a unique distribution in the brain. Furthermore, they suggest that the heterogeneity of neuronal I(h) may be, at least in part, due to the differential expression of HCN channel genes.

title: Differential distribution of four hyperpolarization-activated cation channels in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Rocio virus (ROCV) is an @entity1394 flavivirus endemic to Brazil. @entity31713 have previously demonstrated a persistent @entity281 and, in this study, we investigated the persistence of @entity778 in @entity329 ( @entity329 ). The hamsters were infected intraperitoneally with 9.8 LD50/0.02 mL of ROCV and later anaesthetised and sacrificed at various time points over a 120-day period to collect of blood, urine and organ samples. The viral titres were quantified by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The specimens were used to infect Vero cells and ROCV antigens in the cells were detected by immunefluorescence assay. The levels of antibodies were determined by the haemagglutination inhibition technique. A histopathological examination was performed on the tissues by staining with @entity6175 - @entity1711 and detecting viral antigens by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ROCV induced a strong immune response and was pathogenic in hamsters through neuroinvasion. ROCV was recovered from Vero cells exposed to samples from the viscera, brain, blood, serum and urine and was detected by qRT-PCR in the brain, liver and blood for three months after @entity281 . ROCV induced histopathological changes and the expression of viral antigens, which were detected by IHC in the liver, kidney, lung and brain up to four months after @entity281 . These findings show that ROCV is pathogenic to @entity329 and has the capacity to cause persistent @entity281 in animals after intraperitoneal @entity281 .

title: Persistence of experimental Rocio XXXX in the @entity329 ( @entity329 ).

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['ROCV infection']

entities_list: @entity31713 :: ('MESH:D018177', 'Disease') :: ['Experimental flavivirus infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1394 :: ('MESH:D010301', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitic']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Mesocricetus auratus', 'golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['virus infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To propose an original method of benchmarking regions based on their prevalence of healthcare-associated @entity281 (HAIs) and to identify regions with unusual results. DESIGN: To study between-region variability with a three-level hierarchical logistic regression model and a Bayesian non-parametric method. SETTING: French 2006 national HAIs point prevalence survey. @entity1 : A total of 336 858 @entity1 from 2289 healthcare facilities in 27 regions. @entity1 with an imported HAI (1% of the data, 20.7% of infected @entity1 ), facilities with <5 @entity1 and @entity1 who had at least one missing value for the variables taken into account were excluded (5.0% of @entity1 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Binary outcome variable indicates whether a given @entity1 was infected. RESULTS: Two clusters of regions were identified: one cluster of five regions had a lower adjusted prevalence than the other one of 22 regions, while no region with unusually high prevalence could be identified. Nevertheless, the degree of heterogeneity of odds ratios between facilities for facility-specific effects of use of invasive devices was more important in some regions than in others. CONCLUSIONS: The adjusted regional prevalence of HAIs can serve as an adequate benchmark to identify regions with concerning results. Although no outlier regions were identified, the proposed approach could be applied to the data of the 2012 national survey to benchmark regional healthcare policies. The estimation of facility-specific effects of use of invasive devices may orient future regional action plans.

title: Benchmarking French regions according to their prevalence of healthcare-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: Is the sense of fairness uniquely @entity1 ? @entity1 reactions to reward division are often studied by means of the ultimatum game, in which both partners need to agree on a distribution for both to receive rewards. @entity1 typically offer generous portions of the reward to their partner, a tendency our close primate relatives have thus far failed to show in experiments. Here we tested @entity831 ( @entity831 ) and @entity1 @entity1 on a modified ultimatum game. One individual chose between two tokens that, with their partner's cooperation, could be exchanged for rewards. One token offered equal rewards to both players, whereas the other token favored the chooser. Both apes and @entity1 responded like @entity1 typically do. If their partner's cooperation was required, they split the rewards equally. However, with passive partners--a situation akin to the so-called dictator game--they preferred the selfish option. Thus, @entity1 and @entity831 show similar preferences regarding reward division, suggesting a long evolutionary history to the @entity1 sense of fairness.

title: XXXX play the ultimatum game.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'human', 'Human', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['Pan troglodytes', 'chimpanzees']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['Chimpanzees']


abstract: It is still unclear why components of the phasic stretch reflex are increased in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). To study the role of aging, we assessed medium latency (ML) stretch reflexes in 19 @entity304 @entity1 (8 with young-onset @entity191 , 11 with late-onset @entity191 ) and 23 normal subjects (10 young, 13 old). To assess the contribution of supraspinal dopaminergic influences, we also studied 5 young @entity191 @entity1 with a selective central @entity935 deficiency induced by @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ). ML responses were recorded from the medial gastrocnemius muscle which was stretched by 4 degrees toe-up rotations of a platform upon which subjects were standing. ML responses were significantly enhanced in late-onset @entity1 compared with older controls. In contrast, ML responses did not differ between young-onset @entity1 and young controls. This observation could be attributed to the significantly different influence of age on ML-amplitudes in @entity1 and controls. Thus, ML-amplitudes declined with age in controls, whereas they increased with age in @entity191 possibly because older @entity1 were more severely affected than younger @entity1 . Thus, the difference between young-onset and late-onset @entity191 seems to be related to the opposite effects of increasing age and disease severity in @entity1 and controls. ML-amplitudes did not differ between @entity1 with @entity5212 -induced @entity304 , @entity1 with young-onset @entity191 and controls, suggesting that supraspinal dopaminergic systems are not critically involved in control of ML responses. This result also indicates that the severity effect in @entity191 may be related to disruption of non-dopaminergic pathways which occurs in late-onset, but not young-onset @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Medium latency stretch reflexes in young-onset @entity191 and XXXX -induced @entity304 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian', 'PD']

answer: @entity5212 :: (MESH:D015632,Chemical) :: ['MPTP']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a major @entity64 risk factor and is associated with poor recovery compared with @entity64 @entity1 . In the present study, we investigated the effects of @entity2435 (tPA) treatment of @entity64 in @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity35 . METHODS: Type-1 @entity6 (T1DM) was induced by injection of @entity3839 . Non-T1DM and T1DM @entity35 were subjected to embolic @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and treated with or without tPA 2h after @entity2500 . Functional outcomes and immunostaining for advanced glycation endproducts receptor ( @entity16173 ), @entity6929 ( @entity6929 ) and @entity7942 ( @entity7942 ) and Western blotting were performed. RESULTS: tPA treatment of WT- @entity2500 @entity35 significantly improved the functional outcome and reduced the lesion volume compared with non-treatment WT- @entity2500 @entity35 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between treatment with or without tPA in the @entity2500 in @entity932 , BBB leakage and expression of inflammatory mediators, @entity16173 , @entity6929 and @entity7942 . However, tPA treatment in T1DM- @entity2500 @entity35 (T1DM- @entity2500 +tPA) significantly enlarged @entity932 , augmented BBB leakage, and failed to decrease lesion volume and improve functional outcome after @entity64 compared to T1DM- @entity2500 control. tPA treatment also significantly increased the expression of @entity16173 , @entity6929 and @entity7942 in the ischemic brain in T1DM- @entity2500 @entity35 compared with T1DM- @entity2500 control @entity35 (p<0.05). @entity932 was significantly correlated with functional deficit and @entity16173 and @entity7942 expression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity64 with tPA increased @entity932 , BBB leakage and failed to improve functional outcome in T1DM @entity35 . The increased inflammatory response may contribute to the failed neuroprotective effects of tPA treatment in T1DM @entity35 .

title: @entity2435 treatment of XXXX in type-1 @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain hemorrhage', 'Brain hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['WT-MCAo group', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAo']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity2435 :: ('25692(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: 1. The contractile and electrical responses to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in isolated segments of @entity840 and @entity95 coronary arteries were compared to those of the putative @entity6883 ( @entity855 )-dependent K+ channel opener, @entity31802 . 2. Both @entity1617 and @entity31802 produced concentration-dependent relaxation of vessel segments contracted with the H1-receptor agonist, @entity30010 . 3. An IC90 of either vasodilator also produced 17-20 mV of hyperpolarization of the @entity840 coronary artery. 4. @entity5217 (1-35 microM) depolarized the @entity840 coronary artery by 8-12 mV and antagonized @entity31802 - but not @entity1617 -induced relaxation and hyperpolarization. 5. In the @entity840 coronary artery, the K+ channel blockers @entity12781 ( @entity212 , 100 microM), @entity5128 ( @entity1041 , 10 mM) and scorpion venom (8.7 micrograms ml-1) all significantly reduced @entity1617 -induced relaxation and hyperpolarization whereas only @entity212 was an effective antagonist of both relaxation and hyperpolarization with @entity31802 . 6. Similar effects of @entity5217 and scorpion venom on @entity1617 - and @entity31802 -induced relaxation were observed in the @entity95 coronary artery. 7. Apamin (3.5 microM) was without effect on either the @entity1617 - or @entity31802 -induced relaxation in the @entity840 coronary artery. 8. In conclusion, the actions of @entity31802 in coronary artery are compatible with its proposed effects on @entity855 -dependent K+ channels. In contrast, the results with @entity1617 suggest that some step between the initial binding of @entity1617 to endothelial muscarinic receptors and the final relaxation of the smooth muscle depends upon the opening of @entity141 -activated K+ channels.

title: Comparison of the actions of @entity934 and XXXX in the @entity840 coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity30010 :: ('MESH:C006183', 'Chemical') :: ['2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity31802 :: (MESH:D019806,Chemical) :: ['BRL 38227']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity308 is independently associated with increased @entity65 and mortality, including @entity1164 , and this risk is observed even in @entity1 who have been successfully treated for @entity308 . Recent studies have emphasized the importance of @entity73 ( @entity4375 ) as a predisposing factor for @entity944 in @entity1 with manifest @entity299 . Our objective was to test the hypothesis that @entity4375 is impaired in subjects with @entity308 in remission and with no other cardiac risk factors. METHODS: We measured @entity4375 by the sequence method in 36 @entity1 with treated recurrent @entity308 , who were euthymic at the time of study and with no manifest @entity299 or "conventional" cardiac risk factors, compared with 39 healthy controls. Exclusion criteria included manifest @entity299 or any risk factor for IHD (smoking, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity1007 , or body mass index >30). Nine subjects were not on any medication, and 22 were taking antidepressants. None of the controls was taking any medication. RESULTS: @entity4375 was significantly lower in @entity1 than in controls (19.5 [1.78] versus 25.4 [1.69] ms/mm Hg, p = .017). Analysis of covariance, in which age, sex, @entity165 , and body mass index were included, also showed that @entity308 was a significant (p = .027) predictor of @entity4375 . There was no significant difference in @entity4375 adjusted by age and sex between the subjects taking antidepressants compared with those on no medications (p = .40). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that @entity4375 is impaired in otherwise healthy @entity1 with @entity308 and may contribute to their increased cardiac risk.

title: Baroreflex sensitivity is reduced in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired baroreceptor sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to estimate the mean direct costs of @entity1229 treatment for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 . Secondly, the costs of initiating @entity1229 treatment during a 60-day period and the impact of International Normalized Ratio (INR) and co-morbidities on costs were estimated. DESIGN AND DATA: The study was performed as a retrospective cohort study over a 12-month period in a Finnish communal health care setting. All @entity955 @entity1 aged 65 years or older (n = 250) with @entity1229 treatment were identified from the database of the health service district of an urban area. @entity1 specific information related to comorbidities, INR-control, complications and health care resource use were collected. Cost information was obtained from the Finnish national health care unit cost list. METHODS: The effect of treatment balance and other background variables on treatment costs were evaluated using ordinary least squares regression (OLS), log-transformed OLS and @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ). The mean costs were calculated on the basis of the different models and bias corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the mean costs. RESULTS: The best fitting cost model was log-transformed OLS. The costs of @entity1229 treatment on the basis of the log-transformed model were 589.82 @entity7634 (BCa 95% CI: 586.68-591.99) per @entity1 compared to 616.00 @entity7634 (BCa 95% CI: 579.98-652.96) obtained with the OLS-model. For the treatment initiation period, the mean costs were 263 @entity7634 (BCa 95% CI: 218.90-314.71). Depending on the way that INR-control was defined, the mean costs were 95.27 @entity7634 or 166.92 @entity7634 higher for @entity1 who were not in the defined INR-balance. CONCLUSIONS: The INR-control has a significant impact on the @entity1229 treatment costs. The choice of model influences the estimated mean costs. In addition, different models identify statistically significant effects between different background variables and costs.

title: Direct costs of @entity1229 treatment among @entity1 with XXXX in a Finnish health care setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['GLM', 'generalized linear model']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze whether inclusion of predisposing clinical features in the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model improves the estimation of late @entity344 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study includes 468 @entity263 @entity1 participating in a randomized trial comparing 68 with 78 Gy. We fitted the probability of developing late @entity137 within 3 years ( @entity548 , high stool frequency, and @entity1241 ) with the original, and a modified LKB model, in which a clinical feature (e.g., history of abdominal surgery) was taken into account by fitting subset specific TD50s. The ratio of these TD50s is the dose-modifying factor for that clinical feature. Dose distributions of anorectal ( @entity548 and frequency) and anal wall ( @entity1241 ) were used. RESULTS: The modified LKB model gave significantly better fits than the original LKB model. @entity1 with a history of abdominal surgery had a lower tolerance to radiation than did @entity1 without previous surgery, with a dose-modifying factor of 1.1 for @entity548 and of 2.5 for @entity1241 . The dose-response curve for @entity548 was approximately two times steeper than that for frequency and three times steeper than that for @entity1241 . CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of predisposing clinical features significantly improved the estimation of the NTCP. For @entity1 with a history of abdominal surgery, more severe dose constraints should therefore be used during treatment plan optimization.

title: @entity548 , XXXX , and high stool frequency after conformal radiotherapy for @entity263 : normal tissue complication probability modeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: The timing of surgical intervention in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic @entity1 with @entity339 has always been a difficult clinical dilemma, especially with current options of valve replacement or valve repair. Symptomatic status should be carefully assessed and may depend upon either @entity955 or progressive @entity1002 . Many @entity1 may claim to be asymptomatic, but have profound limitations to their functional capacity and impairment of contraction indices. Because of this, every effort should be made to objectively follow the asymptomatic @entity1 and schedule surgical intervention before irreversible @entity1002 . Left ventricular ejection fraction continues to be an inappropriate parameter, for the regurgitant fraction increases the preload to the left ventricle, and the regurgitant orifice reduces left ventricular afterload with increase to the left ventricle, and the regurgitant orifice reduces left ventricular afterload with increase in ejection fraction. End-diastolic dimension of volume is dependent upon such preload, and hence not accurate. End-systolic diameter is a better prognostic index; an end-systolic dimension of 4.5 cm (2.6 cm/m2) and a calculated end-systolic volume of 50 mL/m2 seem to be reasonable discriminators of outcome following surgery. More recent investigations suggest that left ventricular dP/dt, measured from a Doppler profile of @entity339 , is perhaps a better predictor. In the asymptomatic @entity1 , it is difficult to justify a role for intense medical therapy. The @entity1 who develops @entity955 does require a long-term anticoagulation therapy, and valve repair might be considered in this @entity1 . Sinus rhythm may be restored with early surgical intervention, thereby reducing complications of @entity1031 or anticoagulant therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Asymptomatic XXXX : when to operate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In spinal surgery, repair of the dura is difficult when it is torn or fragile or is ossified as in cases with @entity3057 . We report our experience with a nonsuture dural repair technique in @entity1 undergoing spinal surgery; it uses a dura substitute composed of @entity6886 ( @entity6987 ) mesh and fibrin glue. Here, we report the efficacy and safety of nonsuture duroplasty using @entity6987 mesh and fibrin glue ( @entity6987 -fibrin sheet). METHODS: The artificial dura mater is composed of a @entity6987 -fibrin sheet. The dural defect is covered with a patch sprayed with fibrin glue without suturing to the dura mater. We first evaluated this technique in an experimental study by performing water leakage tests. Between May 2001 and January 2005, we used it in 160 spinal surgeries that required intraoperative dura repair. RESULTS: Our preliminary tests showed that the threshold for water pressure without leakage was 161 +/- 42 and 96.5 +/- 32 mm Hg when the unsprayed margin around the perimeter of the patch was 5 and 2 mm, respectively. Of the 160 operated @entity1 , 10 (6.3%) experienced subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Of these, 6 required a second operation; in the other 4, the CSF collection diminished spontaneously. There were no other complications such as @entity56 , adhesion, or @entity281 . CONCLUSION: In combination with CSF diversion, the @entity6987 -fibrin sheet is a viable alternative method for dural repair in spinal surgery.

title: Nonsuture dural repair using XXXX mesh and fibrin glue: clinical application to spinal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity6886 :: (CHEBI:53492,Chemical) :: ['polyglycolic acid']


abstract: A case of acute @entity788 following resection of a @entity1028 is reported. The @entity1 was a 73 year old @entity1 who underwent resection of a @entity1028 . The @entity439 was repaired with a 20 mm. gelatin coated Dacron graft. Proximal control of the @entity439 was performed with supraceliac aortic cross clamping. The clamping time was 50 minutes. Postoperatively, he developed progressive @entity1661 with deterioration of renal and pulmonary function necessitating relaparotomy on the 7th postoperative day. The second operation revealed evidence of saponification and fat @entity39 in the omentum. The pancreas was @entity4 and swollen compatible with acute @entity788 . The aortic graft and other intraabdominal organs appeared normal. Despite intensive supportive care, the @entity1 died 2 weeks later from multiple system organ failure. The possible causes of acute @entity788 following aortic surgery described in the literature @entity10065 . systemic and regional hypoperfusion, 2. @entity999 to arteries supplying the pancreas and 3. direct trauma to the pancreas during the operation from retractors or surgical dissection. All of which may be the etiology of acute @entity788 in our @entity1 . Avoidance of such factors during aortic surgery is recommended to prevent this potentially fatal complication.

title: Acute @entity788 following resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous emboli']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: In the vast majority of studies that address the role of surgery in the management of high-grade @entity11 , the degree of @entity5 removal accomplished is solely based on the intraoperative perception of the neurosurgeon. Despite its fundamental importance for a comparison of different treatment modalities, little systematic effort has been made to evaluate the residual gross @entity5 by neuroimaging methods immediately after surgery. We report the results of a prospective study using contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor 60 @entity1 after the resection of a high-grade @entity11 . In each case, the first scans were obtained between Days 1 and 5 after surgery, followed by serial imaging every 2 to 3 months, usually until the condition of the @entity1 deteriorated severely or the @entity1 died. @entity2287 -enhanced MRI proved to be extremely valuable for assessing gross @entity41 when performed during Days 1 to 3 after the resection of a preoperatively enhancing high-grade @entity11 . This timing avoided surgically induced contrast enhancement and minimized interpretative difficulties. In delineating @entity41 , MRI was vastly superior to computed tomography. About 80% of @entity5 "recurrences" emerged from definitely enhancing remnants, as revealed by early postoperative MRI. The neurosurgeon's estimation of gross @entity5 burden reduction could be shown to be much less accurate (by a factor of 3) than the postoperative assessment by modern neuroimaging. In our series, @entity41 enhancement was the most predictive prognostic factor of survival in @entity1 with @entity463 , followed by radiotherapy. @entity1 with a @entity41 postoperatively had a 6.595-times higher risk of @entity204 in comparison to @entity1 without a @entity41 . @entity1 undergoing radiotherapy had a 0.258-times lower risk of @entity204 in comparison to @entity1 who were not treated with radiation. Concerning survival, the prognostic significance of both variables surpassed age and performance.

title: Early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging after resection of @entity11 : objective evaluation of XXXX and its influence on regrowth and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['residual tumor']


abstract: Nutritional status may have significant importance for the immune system, and particularly, @entity1474 may serve as modulators of immune functions. Clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that @entity1718 are involved in the reduction of the inflammatory processes that occur in diseases characterized by an overactivation of the immune system. At the same time, an increase in susceptibility to @entity281 has also been reported. The importance of immune system modulation by dietary lipids in the presence of an intracellular bacterial pathogen, such as @entity5125 , was evaluated in the present study. BALB/c @entity19 were divided into four groups which were each fed a low-fat (2.5% by weight) diet, an olive oil (OO; 20% by weight) diet, a fish oil (FO; 20% by weight) diet, or a hydrogenated coconut oil ( @entity264 ; 20% by weight) diet for 4 weeks. In each group, lymphocye proliferation was measured, and a reduction in the stimulation index was observed in the FO and @entity264 groups. @entity137 exerted by @entity5125 was increased in the groups fed diets containing OO and FO after 6 h of incubation with the bacterium. An important increase in the production of reactive @entity26 species was found in the groups fed the @entity264 diet after 12 h of incubation with @entity5125 . Finally, invasion and adhesion factors were not modified substantially by the action of dietary lipids, although these factors were reduced in cells from @entity19 fed an FO diet. These results underline the importance of several dietary lipids as biological modulators of immune functions and their crucial role in the alteration of host natural resistance.

title: Relevance of dietary lipids as modulators of immune functions in cells infected with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: @entity175 (CT) inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and induces @entity460 uptake from body fluids. A comparative study of the conformational behaviours of therapeutic calcitonins [salmon (s), eel (e), a synthetic eel @entity175 analogue ( @entity19389 ), porcine (p) and @entity1 (h) calcitonins] as a function of solvent polarity and temperature have been performed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Elements of secondary structure were lacking in @entity2507 but could be observed in @entity23054 and @entity214 . In particular, similar amounts of alpha-helical content (four alpha-helical turns) were estimated in @entity23054 despite the considerable differences in @entity535 sequences. The relative ability to form an alpha helix, assessed by @entity23054 / @entity2507 titration, was found to be @entity19389 > sCT > pCT > eCT > hCT. In @entity19389 , sCT, pCT and eCT the four alpha-helical turns were promoted almost completely in a single step, between 0 and 35% @entity23054 , unlike hCT where helical structure formation has been reported to involve two steps over the whole @entity23054 / @entity2507 range [Arvinte, T. _ Drake, A. F. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 6408-6414]. In @entity214 , which mimics the membrane environment, conformational differences (3-4 helical turns in @entity19389 , sCT, eCT versus one helical turn in pCT, hCT) were observed and correlate well with biological activity ( @entity19389 = sCT = eCT > pCT = hCT). Low-temperature studies in a cryogenic solvent mixture showed the formation of high alpha-helix content (similar to that in @entity23054 ) in @entity19389 , sCT, eCT and pCT, whilst a left-handed extended helix (3(1) helix) was formed in hCT. This is consistent with the hypothesis of 'linear' and 'helical' calcitonin receptors [Nakanuta, H., Orlowski, R. C. _ Epand, R. M. (1990) Endocrinology 127, 163-169].

title: Correlations between biological activities and conformational properties for @entity1 , salmon, eel, porcine calcitonins and XXXX elucidated by CD spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin', 'calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity19389 :: ('MESH:C012755', 'Chemical') :: ['Elcatonin']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity23054 :: ('MESH:D014270', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroethanol', '2,2,2-trifluoroethanol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate', 'SDS']

answer: @entity19389 :: (MESH:C012755,Chemical) :: ['Elcatonin']


abstract: @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) is an insect hormone containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester consisting of a small @entity167 and long, hydrophobic acid. @entity2338 degradation is required for proper insect development. One pathway of this degradation is through juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), which cleaves the @entity2338 @entity13507 bond to produce @entity1042 and @entity2338 acid. JHE is a member of the functionally divergent alpha/beta-hydrolase family of enzymes and is a highly efficient enzyme that cleaves @entity2338 at very low in vivo concentrations. We present here a 2.7 A crystal structure of JHE from the @entity4079 @entity4079 (MsJHE) in complex with the transition state analogue inhibitor @entity49781 (OTFP) covalently bound to the active site. This crystal structure, the first JHE structure reported, contains a long, hydrophobic binding pocket with the solvent-inaccessible catalytic triad located at the end. The structure explains many of the interactions observed between JHE and its substrates and inhibitors, such as the preference for small @entity167 groups and long hydrophobic backbones. The most potent JHE inhibitors identified to date contain a trifluoromethyl ketone (TFK) moiety and have a @entity599 atom beta to the @entity6178 . In this study, @entity599 -aromatic interactions were observed between the @entity599 atom of OTFP and a conserved aromatic residue in the crystal structure. Mutational analysis supported the hypothesis that these interactions contribute to the potency of @entity599 -containing TFK inhibitors. Together, these results clarify the binding mechanism of JHE inhibitors and provide useful observations for the development of additional enzyme inhibitors for a variety of enzymes.

title: Structural studies of a potent insect maturation inhibitor bound to the juvenile hormone esterase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta', 'tobacco hornworm']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile hormone', 'JH']

entities_list: @entity49781 :: ('MESH:C055697', 'Chemical') :: ['3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

answer: @entity4079 :: (7130,Species) :: ['Manduca sexta']


abstract: An up-to-eight-hour lasting anterograde @entity2730 is achieved by @entity12029 " i.v. causing no excitation before local anesthesia is given (prolongation by analgetics, anesthetics, neuroleptics). The cardiovascular functions remain stable with spontaneous @entity1353 and preservation of the swallow and coughing reflexes. During the operation the @entity1 is responsive and cooperative. The @entity1 answers all questions, moves his body into any wanted position and when ordered he performs @entity195 without any remembrane. If not spoken to and having no @entity158 he falls asleep right away. @entity1209 is reduced. The @entity1 feels relaxed after waking up. No complications have been noticed during more than 500 operations. The later questioning of all @entity1 showed only 4 @entity1 (with unsufficient preoperative sedation) who could remember part of the terminal phase of the operation.

title: [Prolongated @entity2730 after " XXXX " i.v. before local anesthesia and responsiveness during operation (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Valsalva's manoeuver"]

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative vomiting']

answer: @entity12029 :: (MESH:D005445,Chemical) :: ['rohypnol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Many clinical studies reported @entity585 -related @entity323 , but to date, few animal experiments have focused on it. AIM: To investigate the effects of oral @entity585 on erectile function in a @entity35 model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Erectile responses and morphological changes. METHODS: Adult, male @entity35 were divided into four groups (25/group): (i) control; (ii) castration; (iii) castration with @entity251 (T) replacement; and (iv) oral @entity585 treatment. Four weeks later, erectile function was measured by the ratio of intracavernosal pressure and mean arterial blood pressure upon electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Serum T and @entity586 ( @entity587 ) and intraprostatic @entity587 were measured. The weights and histopathological features of the penile corpus cavernosum and prostate were examined. RESULTS: Serum T and @entity587 and intraprostatic @entity587 concentrations, erectile function, and mean weights of the corpus cavernosum and prostate were lowest in group 2. There was no significant difference in the serum T concentration and erectile function between groups 4 and 1. However, the serum and intraprostatic @entity587 concentrations were significantly lower in group 4 than in group 1 (both P < 0.001). The tissue weights of the corpus cavernosum and prostate were reduced by 25.9% and 92.3% in group 4 compared with group 1 (both P < 0.001). Histopathology revealed a significant @entity194 of the prostate in groups 2 and 4. There was a significant decrease in the smooth muscle content in group 2, but not in groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity35 model, @entity585 treatment for 4 weeks reduces the weight of the corpus cavernosum but appears not to affect the erectile responses to electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. As erection is a complex process involving important signaling in the brain, further studies are necessary to demonstrate the long-term effects of @entity585 on both central and peripheral neural pathways of erection.

title: Effects of oral @entity585 on erectile function in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: An experimental model was designed to study circulatory drug effects with or without barostatic reflex influences. In @entity235 anaesthetized with @entity4486 , both carotid sinuses were perfused from a femoral by-pass either with systemic arterial pressure or with a pump in order to control the sinus pressure. Cardiac and aortic baroreceptors were denervated. I.v. @entity1406 (240 micrograms X kg-1 + 102 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) with constant carotid sinus pressure and thereby constant baroreceptor activation reduced cardiac output, heart rate, cardiac contractility and left @entity64 work index. Systemic vascular resistance increased. This response was independent of the degree of baroreflex activation. During the combined administration of @entity4488 (1.6% end-tidal concentration) and @entity1406 , cardiac performance (cardiac output, @entity64 volume, heart rate, cardiac contractility and left @entity64 work index) was depressed independent of the degree of baroreflex activation. Barostatic reflexes, however, counteracted an observed decrease in systemic vascular resistance. This reflex vascular response was, during @entity1406 - @entity4488 administration, associated with an increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

title: Cardiovascular studies during controlled baroreflex activation in the @entity235 : II. Effects of @entity1406 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity4488 :: (MESH:D004737,Chemical) :: ['enflurane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care on selected clinical and economic outcomes in @entity1 with @entity101 or @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) in ambulatory care settings. DESIGN: Clinic @entity1 with @entity101 or @entity1030 were randomly assigned to a treatment group (pharmaceutical care) or a control group (traditional pharmacy care) over a six-month period. Clinical pharmacists and pharmacy residents conducted the protocols. There were 133 evaluable @entity1 (63 treatment and 70 control) in the @entity101 study arm and 98 evaluable @entity1 (43 treatment and 55 control) in the @entity1030 study arm. SETTING: 10 Departments of Veterans Affairs medical centers and 1 academic medical center. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 -centered pharmaceutical care model (employing standardized care) implemented by clinical pharmacy residents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 knowledge, medication compliance, and health resource use. RESULTS: The @entity101 treatment group had a significantly greater reduction in systolic blood pressure from visit 1 to visit 5 than did the control group. In the @entity1030 study arm, trends were positive in the treatment group for @entity1 ratings of symptom interference with activities and @entity1353 measures. There was a significant difference between the @entity101 treatment and control group for compliance. There were no significant changes in compliance scores in the @entity1030 study arm. Mean number of hospitalizations and other health care provider visits was higher for the @entity101 control group. For @entity1 with @entity1030 , hospitalizations increased in the control group, and the number of other health care provider visits was higher in the control group. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists' participation in a pharmaceutical care program resulted in disease state improvement in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity1030 .

title: Clinical and economic outcomes in the XXXX and @entity1030 arms of a multicenter outcomes study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Bone @entity3 is the most common distant relapse in @entity0 . The identification of key proteins involved in the osteotropic phenotype would represent a major step toward the development of new prognostic markers and therapeutic improvements. The aim of this study was to characterize functional phenotypes that favor bone @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . We used the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-231 and its osteotropic BO2 subclone to identify crucial proteins in bone metastatic growth. We identified 31 proteins, 15 underexpressed and 16 overexpressed, in BO2 cells compared with parental cells. We employed a network-modeling approach in which these 31 candidate proteins were prioritized with respect to their potential in @entity3 formation, based on the topology of the protein-protein interaction network and differential expression. The protein-protein interaction network provided a framework to study the functional relationships between biological molecules by attributing functions to genes whose functions had not been characterized. The combination of expression profiles and protein interactions revealed an endoplasmic reticulum- @entity1432 oxidoreductase, @entity14778 , functioning as a hub that retained four down-regulated nodes involved in antigen presentation associated with the @entity1 major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, including @entity1529 , @entity1530 , @entity3998 , and @entity18699 . Further analysis of the interaction network revealed an inverse correlation between @entity14778 and @entity2277 , which influences cytoskeleton reorganization. Moreover, knockdown of @entity14778 in BO2 cells confirmed its bone organ-specific prometastatic role. Altogether, @entity14778 appears as a multifunctional chaperone that can regulate diverse biological processes to maintain the homeostasis of @entity0 cells and promote the development of bone @entity3 .

title: A transcriptome-proteome integrated network identifies endoplasmic reticulum XXXX oxidoreductase ( @entity14778 ) as a hub that mediates bone @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['thiol']


abstract: We have studied @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) + @entity2102 Syndrome admitted to the Adult Intensive Care Unit (AICU) between 1995 and 1996. @entity810 was considered when serum @entity1011 was greater than 1.2 mg/ml for at least 48 h. During this period, there were 173 @entity1 with @entity2102 and 34 with @entity810 (20%). Most of cases maintained high renal output (more than 800 ml/24 h). We observed that correct fluid management restored oliguric @entity810 @entity1 to adequate renal output with a better prognosis. Dialysis was necessary in 10 cases, peritoneal dialysis was preferred in our environment, because of its low morbidity. In three cases @entity1696 (output less than 100 ml/24 h) was present and resistant to treatment with intravenous fluids, @entity1483 and/or @entity935 and finally required early dialysis. The most significant morbidity was associated with @entity2102 . It was present in 60% of cases and was more frequent in those who developed oligoanuria. @entity3485 increased the risk of @entity810 . Maternal mortality was of 12% (N = 4), secondary to @entity64 and @entity649 .

title: [Acute renal insufficiency in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['Hypovolemia']

answer: @entity2102 :: (MESH:D017359,Disease) :: ['HELLP syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive power of the objectivation of the @entity5372 grade according to the classification defined by Kikiros and Woodward, with regard to the expected efficacy of 0.1% @entity5935 cream as a treatment option. METHODS: From October 2010 to May 2011, a total of 55 @entity1 (aged <10 years) were treated for @entity5372 at our department. An assessment of the category of @entity5372 and the retractability of the foreskin, according to the classification of Kikiros and Woodward, was performed. The proposed treatment options included complete circumcision or topical treatment with @entity134 cream (0.1% @entity289 ). RESULTS: Of the 55 @entity1 , 19 (34.5%) underwent conventional circumcision, and 36 (65.5%) were treated with an 8-week course of topical @entity134 cream. The mean age was 3.9 years (range 0.6-10). Grade 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 @entity5372 was seen in 1 (2.8%), 4 (11.1%), 8 (22.2%), 16 (44.4%), and 7 (19.4%) of the cases in the topical @entity134 cream group, respectively. The success rate for the topical @entity134 cream was 69.4% and 63.9% at 3 and 8.3 months, respectively. The objectivation of the @entity5372 grade did not predict the outcome (P > .05). No side effects were associated with the topical @entity134 treatment. CONCLUSION: The pretreatment classification of @entity5372 did not allow the prediction of success with the topical @entity134 treatment. We believe that topical @entity134 therapy with foreskin retraction and daily cleansing is a valid therapy modality that should be offered before any surgical intervention, regardless of the degree of @entity5372 .

title: Predictive power of objectivation of @entity5372 grade on outcomes of topical 0.1% @entity5935 treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity289 :: ('MESH:D001624', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone-17-valerate']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity5372 :: (MESH:D010688,Disease) :: ['phimosis']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: To analyse the neurological status of survivors after @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) treated with @entity2332 . METHODS: We prospectively included all @entity1 with @entity1167 treated with @entity2332 at intensive care units (ICU) in two university hospitals and one regional hospital. All adult survivors at 6 months after @entity1167 , n=48, were invited for neurological follow-up and 43 accepted. History, clinical status, ability testing and questionnaires were administered to screen for difficulties, including Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination, Frontal Lobe Assessment Battery, EQ-VAS quality of life scale, Sk  ne Sleep Index, @entity148 and @entity308 Rating Scale, Self-reported Montgomery and Astrand @entity308 Rating Scale, Global Deterioration Scale, Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, and the Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC). RESULTS: No @entity1 was found to be in a @entity47 and all @entity1 were living at home, one with extensive help. Thirty-six @entity1 were in CPC1 at follow-up, and some degree of @entity16 was found in 40 @entity1 , but was mild in all but 3. Three @entity1 had no subjective complaints, nor could any deficits be detected. Initial defects improved over-time. Short-term @entity2414 , @entity75 along with mild @entity308 and sleep rhythm disturbances were the most common findings. CONCLUSIONS: Mild @entity73 is common following @entity2332 -treated @entity1167 but has little effect on activities of daily living or quality of life.

title: Long-term neurological outcome after @entity1167 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['executive frontal lobe dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['chronic vegetative state']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']


abstract: AIM: To ascertain why ophthalmologists shift therapy to a fixed-combination or non-fixed-combination drug therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted among French ophthalmologists working in private or mixed practice. The study included adult @entity1 with @entity1538 or @entity2790 , treated with monotherapy or dual therapy and needing to modify their initial treatment. The @entity1 had to fill out a self-questionnaire 15 days after the change in therapy, evaluating the compliance and assessment of the new treatment. RESULTS: The analysis was made on 775 questionnaires filled out by ophthalmologists between @entity3490 st and July 31st 2003 on 5734 @entity1 . The mean age was 66.4+/-12.4 years and @entity1 represented 53.6% of the @entity1 . The diagnosis had been made, on average, 7.5+/-7.3 years before. The mean initial intraocular pressure under treatment was 19.8+/-4.1 mmHg in both eyes. Initially, 58.2% of the @entity1 had monotherapy, 40.4% dual therapy and 1.4% triple therapy. The main reasons for shifting therapy were "high intraocular pressure under treatment" for 63.5% of the @entity1 and "simplification of the treatment" for 39.1% of the @entity1 (several reasons per @entity1 were accepted). Most of the @entity1 were satisfied with their new therapy (71%), which in most cases was a fixed-combination therapy (95.2%). DISCUSSION: This study has shown that the use of at least two active principles is a common practice in the treatment of @entity726 and @entity2790 . An additive therapy is given in order to better control the intraocular pressure, mainly with a fixed combination.

title: [Observational survey on the use of dual therapy in XXXX or @entity726 treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: @entity10758 ( @entity13667 ), @entity18575 ( @entity22161 ) and @entity3785 (SA) are known to be effective acne therapy agents depending on their anti-inflammatory and comedolytic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the addition of SA treatment to @entity13667 and @entity22161 (SA and @entity13667 + @entity22161 ) and compare it with @entity13667 + @entity22161 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity5477 . Forty-nine @entity1 were enrolled in a 12 week prospective, single-blind, randomized, comparative clinical study. Efficacy was assessed by lesion counts, global improvement, quality of life index and measurements of skin barrier functions. Local side effects were also evaluated. Both combinations were effective in @entity75 (TL), inflammatory lesion (IL) and non-inflammatory lesion (NIL) counts. There were statistically significant differences between treatment groups for reductions in NIL counts beyond 2 weeks, IL counts and TL counts throughout the all study weeks, and global improvement scores evaluated by @entity1 and investigator at the end of the study in favor of SA and @entity13667 + @entity22161 treatment when compared to @entity13667 + @entity22161 treatment. Both combinations significantly decreased stratum corneum hydration, although skin sebum values decreased with SA and @entity13667 + @entity22161 treatment. These combinations were also well tolerated except significantly higher frequency of mild to moderate transient dryness in @entity1 applied SA and @entity13667 + @entity22161 . The addition of SA to @entity13667 + @entity22161 treatment demonstrated significantly better and faster results in terms of reductions in @entity75 counts and well tolerated except for higher frequency of mild to moderate transient dryness.

title: Efficacy of the addition of @entity3785 to clindamycin and XXXX combination for acne vulgaris.

entities_list: @entity10758 :: ('MESH:C007084', 'Chemical') :: ['Clindamycin phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['facial acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity18575 :: ('MESH:D001585', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoyl peroxide']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['reducing total lesion', 'acne lesion']

answer: @entity18575 :: (MESH:D001585,Chemical) :: ['benzoyl peroxide']


abstract: Two black @entity1 from Africa presented @entity5 . This @entity395 , defined by the presence of calcified deposits in peri-articular tissues remains poorly elucidated. Pathogenesis is still hypothetical. The diagnosis can be established with careful physical examination and appropriate complementary exams, allowing early complete surgical resection without biopsy. Pathology examination is required for formal differential diagnosis. The present @entity5 were particularly large, but did not produce signs of compression. In the first @entity1 , the @entity5 developed after pregnancy in the zone of antibiotic injections. The second @entity1 presented multiple bilateral symmetrical localizations with bone invasion. Histology confirmed the nature of the lesions and revealed bony metaplasie in the first @entity1 , an element rarely described. Prognosis is excellent with early treatment. Recurrence is the rule in the event of incomplete resection. We discuss the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic management.

title: [ XXXX : two cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'idiopathic tumoral calcinosis', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic tumoral calcinosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with specimen entrapment and morcellation in @entity1 with suspected @entity1358 . METHODS: We reviewed 72 @entity1 with @entity5 who were offered an attempt at laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. RESULTS: Of 72 @entity1 approached laparoscopically, 6 were converted to open nephrectomy. In the remaining 66 @entity1 with @entity5 size on computed tomography scan ranging from 1.0 to 9.0 cm (average 4.5 cm), the nephrectomy was completed laparoscopically and the specimen morcellated for extraction. Eight @entity1 were clinical Stage T1N0M0, 60 were T2N0M0, 3 were T3N0M0, and 1 was T2N0M1. There was one unexplained death but complications otherwise were minimal. Operating time ranged from 1 hour 40 minutes to 4 hours 52 minutes (average 2 hours 55 minutes). The average length of stay was 4.4 days (range 3 to 7 days) for the laparoscopic group. The average specimen weight was 402.5 g (range 115 to 964). Review of histologic findings revealed @entity1358 in 57 @entity1 , @entity5 in 6, and no diagnosis in 3. Follow-up on the @entity5 ranges from 1.5 to 58 months (average 21.4), with no port site recurrences and no known disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: At an average follow-up of 21.4 months, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with specimen entrapment and morcellation appears to be a safe and effective alternative to conventional open radical nephrectomy for @entity8 .

title: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with morcellation for XXXX : the Saskatoon experience.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'malignancies', 'solid tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the rate of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Given the potential deleterious effect of @entity27 in these @entity1 , we assessed the case-rate and severity of @entity27 and described associated @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective survey of 60 @entity1 with @entity454 referred for lung transplantation evaluation. Demographic, polysomnographic, spirometric, and medication utilization data were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: As demographic and polysomnographic data did not differ between obstructive and restrictive @entity1 , we present analysis of pooled data. Demographics/physiology: median age was 58.5 years, 52% males, mean BMI 32.3 kg/m(2), 52% obstructive. Sleep variables (all medians): total sleep time (TST) 312 min, sleep efficiency 77%, minimal @entity26 saturation 84%, @entity27 (AHI) 9.7, respiratory disturbance index (RDI) 12.7 events/h of sleep. Sixty-seven percent had RDI > 5; 21% had RDI between 15 and 30; and 21% had RDI > 30. Periodic limb movement index >=  15/h sleep was present in 21.7%. An independent positive correlation between DLCO% and RDI was noted (r = 0.41, p < 0.01). The minimal @entity26 saturation was negatively correlated with the RDI (r = -0.34, p < 0.01). The use of ACE inhibitors was associated with moderate-to-severe @entity27 (odd ratio of 4.67, CI 1.45-15.03; p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity454 , @entity25 are common. Greater severity of @entity27 was associated with the higher DLCO% and lower @entity26 saturation.

title: Obstructive sleep apnea in XXXX with @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['organic sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage lung disease', 'ESLD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) in the retromode imaging modality in detecting retinal changes secondary to exudative @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). METHODS: Seventeen eyes of 13 consecutive @entity1 affected by @entity471 secondary to @entity1020 were evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ), @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ), @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ), and epiretinal membranes (ERM). All eyes were examined with a cSLO equipped with infrared retromode (RM) imaging modality. Infrared and fundus autofluorescence images were also obtained ( @entity8499 ). The intermethod agreement between OCT and cSLO was evaluated considering single cSLO imaging modality separately (IR, @entity8499 , and RM), and all imaging modalities together. RESULTS: Eight eyes (47 %) had @entity1713 at OCT; intermethod agreement was poor for any single cSLO imaging modality considered separately (k: 0.14, 0.01, and 0.29 for cSLO IR, @entity8499 , and RM, respectively). Four eyes had @entity1713 at OCT (24 %); intermethod agreement was mild for cSLO RM, poor for @entity8499 (k: 0.51, 0.16, and 0.00, respectively). @entity1103 was present in eight eyes (47 %); intermethod agreement was excellent for cSLO RM, poor for @entity8499 (k: 0.88, 0.38, and 0.26, respectively). ERM was present in three eyes (18 %); intermethod agreement was mild for cSLO IR, poor for @entity8499 , and excellent for RM (k: 0.59, 0.00, and 0.76, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: cSLO RM imaging is a useful and reproducible technique in detecting retinal features associated with @entity471 , particularly @entity1103 .

title: Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope in the retromode imaging modality in exudative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['pigment epithelial detachment', 'PED', 'NRD', 'neuroretinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CME', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Recurrent chylothorax as a complication of @entity706 has had unsatisfactory outcomes. Serial thoracentesis, tube thoracostomy, and pleurodesis via chest tube have been ineffective and compromise the nutritional and immune status of the @entity1 . Medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis has been safe and effective in the treatment of some other varieties of recurrent @entity1143 . Our objective was to investigate the safety and efficacy of medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis in the palliation of chylothorax related to @entity706 . DESIGN: This is a report of 24 hemithoraces treated in 19 consecutive @entity1 with @entity706 , failing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The average @entity1 age was 55 years. INTERVENTIONS: Medical thoracoscopy was performed under local anesthesia and conscious sedation in a bronchoscopy suite. Sedation included @entity1363 (mean dose, 6 mg; range, 2-14 mg) with either @entity6882 (mean dose, 94 mg; range 25-140 mg), or @entity1286 (mean dose, 18 mg; range 4-40 mg). Pleurodesis was performed with insufflation of sterile asbestos-free talc, (4-8 g). After pleurodesis, chest tubes were placed, with the mean duration of chest tube placement being 4 days, range 3 to 10 days. RESULTS: One @entity1 died a few days after the procedure due to causes related to the primary disease process. Follow-up was for at least 90 days following the procedure. @entity1 were assessed at 30, 60, and 90 days following the procedure. At each of these endpoints, all @entity1 remaining alive were without recurrence of @entity1143 , which was confirmed by chest radiography. Eight @entity1 in the series died of the effects of their malignancy during the 90-day evaluation interval. Complications included medication reactions in two @entity1 (8.3%) and @entity649 in one @entity1 (4.1%). CONCLUSION: Many @entity1 with @entity706 are refractory to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In this group, medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis has an acceptable complication rate and a 100% success rate in the prevention of recurrence of @entity1143 at 30, 60, and 90 days following the procedure.

title: Medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis for chylothorax due to XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma-related chylothorax']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUNDOBJECTIVE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs ( @entity10731 ), approximately 22 @entity2036 in length, that function as regulators of gene expression. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been associated with the initiation and progression of oncogenesis in @entity1 . The cell division cycle ( @entity10609 phosphatases are important regulators of the cell cycle. Their abnormal expression detected in a number of @entity5 implies that their dysregulation is involved in malignant transformation. METHODS: Using miRNA target prediction software, we found that @entity18842 could target the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) sequence of @entity8188 . To shed light on the role of @entity18842 in renal cell carcinogenesis, the expression of @entity18842 was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in @entity1358 and normal tissues. The impact of @entity18842 re-expression on @entity1 cells was analyzed using @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) and colony-forming assay. A luciferase reporter assay was applied to prove the functionality of the @entity18842 binding site. RESULTS: @entity18842 is significantly downregulated in @entity1358 . @entity18842 re-expression suppressed cell growth in @entity1 cells. Luciferase expression from a reporter vector containing the @entity8188 -3'UTR was decreased when this construct was transfected with @entity18842 in @entity1 cells. The overexpression of @entity18842 suppressed the endogenous @entity8188 protein level in @entity1 cells. CONCLUSION: For the first time, we demonstrated that @entity8188 is a direct target of @entity18842 in @entity1358 . The transcriptional loss of @entity18842 and the resultant increase in @entity8188 expression facilitates increased genomic instability at an early stage of @entity1358 development.

title: MicroRNA-141 is downregulated in @entity1 @entity1358 and regulates cell survival by targeting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acids']

answer: @entity8188 :: (994,Gene) :: ['CDC25B']


abstract: The phenotypic expression of multidrug resistance by the @entity632 -selected AdrR @entity1 @entity0 cell line is associated with overexpression of plasma membrane P-170 glycoprotein and increased cytosolic @entity4259 -dependent @entity2197 -peroxidase activity relative to the parental MCF-7 @entity164 ( @entity164 ). To determine whether @entity632 resistance by AdrR cells persists in vivo, and to further investigate the possibility of biochemical differences between @entity5 , both @entity5 cell lines were grown as subcutaneous xenografts in athymic @entity19 . Tumorigenicity depended upon cell inoculation burden, and @entity5 incidence was similar for both cell lines (greater than 80% @entity5 takes at 10(7) cells/ @entity19 ) at 14 days, provided 17 @entity10769 was supplied to the animals bearing the @entity5 . However, the growth rate for the AdrR xenografts was only about half that of @entity164 xenografts. @entity632 (2-8 mg/kg, i.p., injected weekly) significantly diminished the growth of the @entity5 , but AdrR solid @entity5 failed to respond to @entity632 . The accumulation of @entity3209 -labeled @entity632 was 2-fold greater in @entity164 xenografts that in AdrR, although there were no differences in host organ drug levels in @entity19 bearing either type of @entity5 . Membrane P-170 glycoprotein mRNA was detected by slot-blot analysis in the @entity5 , but not in @entity164 . Electron spin resonance @entity50203 -spin-trapping experiments with microsomes and mitochondria from @entity164 and AdrR xenographs demonstrated a 2-fold greater @entity26 radical ( @entity224 and @entity3787 ) formation from activated @entity632 with @entity164 xenographs compared to AdrR. @entity4259 -dependent @entity2041 ( @entity2197 )-peroxidase, @entity224 dismutase and @entity2197 -S-aryltransferase activities in AdrR xenografts were elevated relative to @entity164 . Although the activities of the latter two enzymes were similar to those measured in both @entity5 cell lines, @entity2197 -peroxidase activities @entity5085 ( @entity164 ) and 10-fold (AdrR) in xenografts compared to @entity5 cells. In contrast, in both @entity5 in vivo, catalase, @entity1110 -oxidoreductases, and @entity9492 ( @entity9492 )-reductase activities, and @entity2197 and @entity9492 levels were not markedly different, and were essentially the same as in cells in vitro. Like the MDR cells in culture, AdrR @entity5 xenografts were extremely resistant to @entity632 and retained most of the characteristics of the altered phenotype. These results suggest that @entity164 and AdrR @entity0 xenografts provide a useful model for the study of biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms of drug resistance by solid @entity5 in vivo.

title: Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of MCF-7 drug-sensitive and AdrR multidrug-resistant XXXX @entity0 xenografts in athymic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['GSSG', 'glutathione disulfide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5085 :: ('MESH:D057165', 'Disease') :: ['were elevated 70-fold']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['WT and AdrR solid tumors', 'WT tumors', 'tumor', 'AdrR tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['Selenium', 'selenium']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity50203 :: ('MESH:C570613', 'Chemical') :: ['5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['WT', 'wild-type line']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the relationship between refraction after @entity231 surgery and the use of spectacles in @entity1 older than 65 years. METHODS: Retrospective case control study. The study included 40 retired subjects older than 65 years-old who fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Clinical ophthalmic and optical information was collected, and @entity1 were requested to complete a validated questionnaire of visual function (VF14) and a test of independence of spectacles. The difference between VF14 test results with and without glasses (difVF14) was calculated. RESULTS: The study included 16 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 , with a mean age of 74 years. There was a significant correlation between difVF14 and postoperative refraction, with lower difVF14 values associated with postsurgical refraction in the range -0.50 to -1.00 D (OD 0.479 [95% CI; 0.286-0.804]). The questionnaire of independency of lenses did not show significant correlation with postoperative refraction. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with postsurgical refraction between -0.50 and -1.00 diopters displayed better visual function without glasses than those with refraction out of that range. Neutral distant refraction and positive lenses @entity227 might not be the ideal solution for every @entity1 . Postsurgical refraction should be individualized for each @entity1 according to their personal preferences, in order to achieve the best visual function and the best vision-related quality of life.

title: [Uncorrected visual function after XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['for near vision']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Two DNA polymerases were detected in @entity12158 GL. One (enzyme I) was sensitive to @entity8816 , while the other (enzyme II) was insensitive. The molecular weight of the enzymes, as determined by @entity653 gradient centrifugation analysis, were approximately 130,000 and 70,000, respectively. Optimal concentration of @entity8723 was 10mM for enzyme I and 18mM for enzyme II. @entity4338 inhibited enzyme I but stimulated enzyme II. Poly (dA-dT) served effectively as a template for enzyme I, while poly(dA).(dT)12-18 was an effective template for enzyme II. Enzyme I activity increased with cell growth and sharply declined after the cells reached the stationary phase. On the other hand, enzyme II activity appeared only at the end of log phase. In cells synchronized by starvation-refeeding technique enzyme I was markedly stimulated in correspondence to the rate of DNA synthesis, whereas the level of enzyme II activity changed to lesser extent. By @entity5611 treatment, only enzyme I activity was induced.

title: Presence of two DNA polymerases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity12158 :: ('5908', 'Species') :: ['Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

answer: @entity12158 :: (5908,Species) :: ['Tetrahymena pyriformis']


abstract: AIMS: Cervical @entity1566 is a major cause of fatality among @entity130 victims. Unlike developed countries, national @entity1566 database is not maintained in India. Paucity of data hampers the understanding of epidemiology of the event in India. So, this study was conducted to ascertain the epidemiological pattern of @entity204 due to cervical @entity1566 and to identify the risk factors; also to find the association of @entity130 with various epidemiological parameters. METHODS: Among autopsies conducted in Burdwan Medical College and Hospital from 2000 to 2010, cases with autopsy report mentioning " @entity204 due to cervical @entity1566 " either primary or secondary were included in the study. It was a retrospective observational study based on autopsy report. RESULTS: 536 cases met the inclusion criteria. Among them 89.4% were male and 10.6% were female; 63.8% victims were young adults (20-39 years). Mean (plus or minus S.D.) age was 33.5 years (plus or minus 12.8). All, apart from 5.4%, suffered from @entity130 with commonest site being C3-C4 (37.3%). Highest number of @entity130 occurred between 6 am to 9 am, 56.6% of the victims died before hospitalisation. Commonest mode of injury was road traffic accident (52.2%) followed by fall from height (25.0%); 53.7% cases had @entity174 with @entity3029 , 34.3% had only @entity174 . Only @entity3029 was significantly high up to 19 years age (p<0.001) and among females (p=0.029). All elderly suffered from @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed an unusually high male:female ratio with much representation of the younger age groups in the injuries in comparison to other parts of world. In absence of national database, this result can be used as a surrogate data.

title: Epidemiology of cervical XXXX in eastern India: an autopsy-based study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['single segment injury', 'vertebral injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Although early enteral feeding has been shown to benefit cutaneous healing when compared to parenteral feeding, the effect of the route of nutritional support in gastrointestinal anastomotic healing has not been defined. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the route of nutritional support influences colonic anastomotic healing. Twenty male @entity35 weighing 270 to 290 grams underwent identical surgical manipulation consisting of central venous catheterization, @entity6740 , and @entity694 (single-layer, inverted). Identical nutrient infusates composed of 4.25% @entity1522 , 25% @entity413 , and @entity2221 were administered, with half the animals receiving the infusions via the gastrostomy and the other half via the venous catheter. Animals were killed 5 days after surgery. There were no differences in nutritional parameters between the parenterally and enterally fed groups. Colonic anastomotic bursting pressure was significantly higher in the enterally fed group (180 +/- 6 vs. 150 +/- 11 mm Hg; P <0.01). The measured insoluble collagen and total protein content in anastomotic tissue were enhanced in the enterally supported group. The fraction of soluble (newly synthesized) collagen did not differ between the two groups. The data demonstrate that the route of nutrient administration influences colonic anastomotic healing. The preservation of colonic structural collagen in the enteral group may improve the ability of the gut to hold sutures and thus enhance anastomotic healing.

title: Effect of nutritional route on colonic anastomotic healing in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6740 :: ('MESH:C538388', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy insertion']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['distal colonic anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']