abstract: AIM: To validate the clinical relevance of @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) endoscopy for the assessment of inflammatory @entity31 ( @entity31 ). METHODS: A total of 572 endoscopic images were selected from 42 @entity31 @entity1 : 286 taken with white light imaging (WLI) and 286 with @entity2996 from the same sites. WLI images were assessed for @entity32 according to Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES), and for seven characteristic endoscopic features. Likewise, @entity2996 photographs were scored according to relative abundance of red, green and blue color components within each image based on an RGB additive color model. WLI and @entity2996 endoscopic scores from the same sites were compared. Histological evaluation of biopsies was according to the Riley Index. RESULTS: Relative to red (r = 0.52, P < 0.01) or blue (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) color component, the green color component of @entity2996 (r = -0.62, P < 0.01) corresponded more closely with @entity32 sites. There were significant differences in green color components between MES-0 (0.396    0.043) and MES-1 (0.340    0.035) (P < 0.01), and between MES-1 and >=  MES-2 (0.318    0.037) (P < 0.01). The WLI scores for "vascular patterns" (r = -0.65, P < 0.01), " @entity4 " (r = -0.62, P < 0.01), histology scores for "polymorphonuclear cells in the lamina propria" (r = -0.51, P < 0.01) and "crypt architectural irregularities" (r = -0.51, P < 0.01) showed correlation with the green color component of @entity2996 . There were significant differences in green color components between limited (0.399    0.042) and extensive (0.375    0.044) (P = 0.014) polymorphonuclear cell infiltration within MES-0. As the severity of the @entity32 increased, the green color component of @entity2996 decreased. The @entity2996 green color component was well correlated with the characteristic endoscopic and histological inflammatory features of @entity31 . CONCLUSION: @entity2996 has application in detecting inflammatory lesions, including microscopic activity in the colonic mucosa of @entity31 @entity1 , based on the green color component of images.

title: Autofluorescence imaging endoscopy for identification and assessment of inflammatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['overall mucosal inflammation', 'mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['AFI', 'autofluorescence imaging']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the @entity311 prevalence by microscopy, antigen detection and nucleic acid detection in a defined subpopulation in a @entity3964 -endemic region during the peak transmission season. METHODS: Blood specimens were collected in a cross-sectional study involving @entity1 aged 5-10 years (n = 195) presenting with acute fever to two clinics in Western Kenya. All specimens underwent microscopy, @entity15279 and aldolase antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), parasite-specific DNA and total nucleic acid (RNA and DNA) by real-time PCR (qPCR) and reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Microscopy detected 65/195 cases of @entity281 [95% confidence interval (CI) 52-78]. @entity15279 and aldolase EIA had similar sensitivity levels detecting antigen in 65/195 (95% CI, 52-78) and 57/195 (95% CI, 45-70) cases. Discordants in antigen detection vs. microscopy occurred at <470 parasites/ l and <4900 parasites/ l for @entity15279 , respectively. Detection of total nucleic acid allowed a 3 log lower limit of detection than just DNA detection by real-time PCR in vitro. In clinical specimens, 114/195 (95% CI, 100-127) were qPCR positive (DNA), and 187/195 (95% CI, 179-191) were qRT-PCR positive (DNA plus RNA). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of submicroscopic @entity281 was significantly higher when detecting total nucleic acid than just DNA in this outpatient population during the high transmission season. Defining standards for @entity281 will be important for control programmes, diagnostics development efforts and molecular epidemiology studies.

title: XXXX prevalence defined by microscopy, antigen detection, DNA amplification and total nucleic acid amplification in a @entity311 -endemic region during the peak @entity311 transmission season.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection', 'submicroscopic infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['Malaria']


abstract: Treatment with @entity7458 , an agonist of luteinising hormone releasing hormone, and @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophin was compared with the conventional treatment of @entity4082 and @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophin in the outcome of in vitro fertilisation. Seventy seven @entity249 @entity1 had 83 cycles of treatment with @entity7458 and @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophin, and concurrently another 328 @entity249 @entity1 were treated with @entity4082 and @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophin. Seven (8%) cycles were cancelled owing to inadequate super-ovulation or @entity43 in the @entity1 receiving @entity7458 and 103 (31%) were cancelled because of poor follicular development in those receiving @entity4082 . The mean number of oocytes recovered was significantly higher with @entity7458 (9.5 (SD 4.5) v 5.5 (2.2)) as was the mean number of embryos obtained (4.3 (2.4) v 2.9 (1.7)). Significantly more @entity1 who had an embryo transfer became clinically pregnant after treatment with @entity7458 (53% (30/57) v 30% (48/159), or 36% v 14% of treatment cycles). Altogether 33% (10) of pregnancies in @entity1 treated with @entity7458 were multiple compared with 23% (11) in those treated conventionally. Of the 17 completed pregnancies in @entity1 treated with @entity7458 , 11 resulted in the birth of live babies (eight singletons, two sets of twins, and one set of triplets) and six failed, five before 12 weeks' gestation and one at 22 weeks. The 13 continuing pregnancies (32 weeks) were eight singletons, two sets of twins, and three sets of triplets. Of the 48 completed pregnancies in @entity1 treated with @entity4082 , 35 resulted in the birth of live babies (26 singletons, five sets of twins and four sets of triplets) and 13 failed, eleven before 12 weeks' gestation and two by 27 weeks. @entity7458 increased the chance of pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation compared with conventional treatment, but the risk of multiple pregnancy may be increased.

title: Improvement of in vitro fertilisation after treatment with XXXX , an agonist of luteinising hormone releasing hormone.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity7458 :: ('MESH:D002064', 'Chemical') :: ['buserelin', 'Buserelin']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

answer: @entity7458 :: (MESH:D002064,Chemical) :: ['buserelin']


abstract: A chronic hemodialysis @entity1 was referred to interventional nephrology for evaluation of arteriovenous @entity409 . The @entity1 had been receiving hemodialysis using a left forearm brachiobasilic loop graft for the past 3 years. Physical examination revealed a hyperpulsatile graft. Angiography documented a critical @entity850 at the vein-graft anastomosis and a well-developed basilic vein from the elbow to the axillary region. Central veins were patent all the way to the right atrium. All attempts to navigate the wire across the @entity850 failed. The @entity1 was educated and counseled regarding the possibility of surgical creation of a secondary @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ). The images obtained were shared and discussed with the surgeon. A plan to create a secondary @entity2548 using the basilic vein in the arm was made. A few months later the @entity1 was referred to interventional nephrology, this time for thrombectomy of the same left arm loop graft. Thrombectomy could not be performed and a right internal jugular tunneled catheter was inserted. The @entity1 again was referred to the surgeon for @entity2548 creation. Six weeks later the @entity1 was seen in the interventional laboratory for removal of the right internal jugular tunneled catheter. It was noted that instead of a @entity292 , the @entity1 had received a right forearm brachiocephalic loop graft. Devastating consequences, such as the lost opportunity to create a @entity292 , insertion of a tunneled dialysis catheter, arteriovenous graft placement, exhaustion of available sites for @entity292 creation, and exposure to increased morbidity and mortality associated with grafts and catheters, can result if the opportunity to create a secondary @entity2548 is not availed in a timely manner. This concept must be understood by every member of the vascular access team.

title: Optimal timing for secondary XXXX creation: devastating effects of delaying conversion.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['access dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: The effects of intravenous administration of @entity5757 (n = 6) or @entity1027 (n = 6) on the discharge of the phrenic nerve were studied following vagotomy in pentobarbital anesthetized mechanically ventilated @entity35 . @entity1286 (0.4 mg.kg-1.min-1) was administrated until the respiratory rate decreased to about a half of the baseline respiratory rate. In this state, we first administered @entity5757 (0.25 mg.kg-1) or @entity1027 (0.4 mg.kg-1), intravenously and then administered @entity1510 (0.02 mg) intravenously in the two groups. The increase of inspiratory time from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 2.0 +/- 0.5 s by @entity1286 recovered to 0.8 +/- 0.2 s by @entity1027 and to 0.6 +/- 0.1 s by @entity1510 . The increase of inspiratory time from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.3 s by @entity1286 , and to 2.1 +/- 0.5 s by @entity5757 recovered to 0.6 +/- 0.1 s by @entity1510 . Expiratory time did not change during each drug administration in the two groups. The decrease of respiratory rate from 44 to 23 +/- 4 breaths.min-1 by @entity1286 recovered to 37 +/- 5 breaths.min-1 by @entity1027 and to 42 +/- 2 breaths.min-1 by @entity1510 . The decrease of respiratory rate from 45 +/- 3 to 22 +/- 6 breaths.min-1 by @entity1286 , and to 18 +/- 4 breaths.min-1 by @entity5757 recovered to 46 +/- 3 breaths.min-1 by @entity1510 . Amplitude of integrated phrenic nerve discharge increased to 125 +/- 42% by @entity1027 and to 175 +/- 93% by @entity1510 compared to the baseline values. The decrease of amplitude to 54 +/- 18% by @entity5757 recovered to 125 +/- 42% by @entity1510 . These results suggest that @entity1027 not @entity5757 antagonizes the @entity1576 of @entity1286 by increasing the respiratory rate and respiratory movement.

title: [The effects of @entity5757 or @entity1027 on the XXXX by @entity1286 ].

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the effects of @entity9882 (BA) ingestion on the behavioral and neuroendocrine response of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) in a @entity19 model. Animals were fed a normal diet with or without (PL) BA supplementation (100  mg  kg(-1)) for 30 days. Animals were then exposed to a @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) or a sham (UNEX). Behaviors were evaluated using an elevated plus maze (EPM) and acoustic startle response (ASR) 7  days following exposure to the @entity1642 . @entity2819 concentrations (CS), expression of @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ), and brain @entity9880 concentrations were analyzed a day later. Animals in @entity1642 +PL spent significantly less time in the open arms and in the number of entries in the EPM than @entity1642 +BA, UNEX+BA, or UNEX+PL. Animals in @entity1642 +BA had comparable scores to UNEX+BA. @entity148 index was higher (p  <  0.05) in @entity1642 +PL compared to @entity1642 +BA or animals that were unexposed. ASR and freezing were greater (p  <  0.05) in animals exposed to @entity1642 compared to animals unexposed. CS expression was higher (p  <  0.05) in animals exposed to @entity1642 compared to unexposed animals. Brain @entity9880 concentrations in the hippocampus and other brain sections were significantly greater in animals supplemented with BA compared to PL. @entity2136 expression in the @entity1249 and DG subregions of the hippocampus was lower (p  <  0.05) in animals exposed and fed a normal diet compared to animals exposed and supplemented with BA, or animals unexposed. In conclusion, BA supplementation in @entity35 increased brain @entity9880 concentrations and resulted in a reduction in @entity1005 -like behavior, which may be mediated in part by maintaining @entity2136 expression in the hippocampus.

title: XXXX supplemented diets enhance behavioral resilience to stress exposure in an animal model of @entity1005 .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity9880 :: ('MESH:D002336', 'Chemical') :: ['carnosine']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['predator-scent stress', 'PSS']

answer: @entity9882 :: (MESH:D000861,Chemical) :: ['b-Alanine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity5710 in adolescents living in a high-risk country and to detect risk factors associated with this disorder. DESIGN: Survey questionnaire combined with physical measurements and blood sugar determination. SETTING: Doha, capital city of Qatar. @entity1 : A total of 1694 male and female students aged 11-18 years without previously diagnosed @entity6 enrolled in four schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Blood sugar measurements. Other measured variables included gender, height, weight, abdominal circumference, country of origin, family history of @entity6 and frequency of exercise. RESULTS: Using a random blood sugar >= 7.8   mmol/L or a fasting blood sugar >= 5.5   mmol/L as cutpoints, we identified 4.2% of students (56 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ) as probable prediabetics. In a multivariate model, being @entity1 (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7-6.2), having a @entity6 parent (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2) or having a waist-to-height ratio >0.5 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0) were significantly associated with being a prediabetic. The parental origin of @entity6 had a differential effect upon blood sugar. The mean random blood sugar in students with a maternal inheritance pattern of @entity6 was 5.61   mmol/ @entity26247 , compared to 5.39   mmol/L        0.89 in students with a paternal inheritance pattern (p   =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In a country with a high risk of adult @entity6 , we identified 4.2% of students aged 11-18 as being prediabetic. Risk factors associated with @entity5710 included male gender, family history of @entity6 and waist-to-height ratio >0.5.

title: Adolescent XXXX in a high-risk Middle East country: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['prediabetes']


abstract: Unlike what has been approved overseas, only a low dose is approved in Japan for the use of @entity801 Injection (hereinafter referred to as GM Injection). A change in dose and administration was requested to the Evaluation Committee on Unapproved or Off-labeled Drugs with High Medical Needs. As a consequence, high-dose GM Injection began to be developed in Japan. In order to assess the current use of GM Injection, a questionnaire survey was conducted among infectious disease specialists certified by the Japanese Association for @entity166 , and physicians certified as specialists/instructors of antibiotic chemical treatment by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy. Valid responses were obtained from as many as 38.0% of questionnaire recipients (719/1891 physicians). About 30% of the respondents used GM Injection in the year 2011. Major indications for adult @entity1 included @entity295 and @entity884 , and bacterial strains mainly included @entity796 , Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Streptococcus species. Some diseases and bacterial strains domestically unapproved as indications were also treated with GM Injection. GM Injection is administered mainly as an intravenous infusion, usually once daily, which is not approved in Japan. Some physicians administered a fixed dose of GM (120 mg/day or less), not more than the upper limit approved in Japan. The majority of physicians, however, adopted a dosage of 3-5 mg/kgy/day, the standard dosage approved overseas. Physicians who implemented TDM outnumbered those who did not. The target blood level when administering 2-3 times a day was mostly 2 microg/mL or less as the trough level, and 4-10 microg/mL as the peak level. In particular, GM Injection was concurrently administered with other injectable antimicrobial agents to treat @entity295 or @entity884 mainly in the following combinations: with penicillins or carbapenems for @entity295 : with penicillins for @entity884 . @entity8 was the most common adverse reaction requiring special care to be reported by the respondents. The survey revealed the current status of use, which is that GM Injection is used at the dose and administration approved in Japan, and that high-dose GM Injection, equivalent to the dosage approved overseas, is also used by quite a few physicians. The current use supports the request submitted to the Evaluation Committee on Unapproved or Off-labeled Drugs with High Medical Needs. Therefore, the same dosage that is approved overseas is recommended to be approved as soon as possible in Japan.

title: [Results of a questionnaire survey on the use of XXXX injection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['Gentamicin Sulfate']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin sulfate']


abstract: RATIONALE: Atypical antipsychotic drugs are the drugs of choice for the treatment of @entity161 . However, despite advances, no treatments have been established for @entity1 who fail to improve with the most effective of these, @entity1088 . The inhibition of @entity935 transmission through blockade of @entity935 D2 receptors is considered to be essential for antipsychotic efficacy, but it is postulated that modulation of @entity2227 transmission may be equally important. In support of this, symptoms similar to @entity161 can be induced in healthy volunteers using @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) antagonist drugs that are also known to enhance @entity2227 transmission. Furthermore, @entity2812 , which can modulate @entity2227 release, may add to or synergise with atypical antipsychotic drugs, some of which may themselves modulate @entity2227 transmission. OBJECTIVES: We examine the evidence for the efficacy of @entity2812 . We consider how this fits with a @entity2227 neuron dysregulation hypothesis of the disorder. We discuss mechanisms by which @entity2812 might influence neuronal activity and @entity2227 transmission, and possible ways in which the drug might interact with antipsychotic medications. RESULTS: Data from four clinical studies support the efficacy of adjunctive @entity2812 in the treatment of @entity161 . In addition, and consistent with a @entity2227 neuron dysregulation hypothesis of @entity161 , @entity2812 can prevent the @entity716 or behavioural disruption induced by @entity143 receptor antagonists in healthy volunteers or rodents. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of @entity2812 is most likely explained within the framework of a @entity2227 neuron dysregulation hypothesis, and may arise primarily through the drugs ability to influence @entity2227 transmission and neural activity in the cortex. The drug is likely to act through inhibition of voltage-gated @entity1372 channels, though other molecular interactions cannot be ruled out. @entity2812 may add to or synergise with some atypical antipsychotic drugs acting on @entity2227 transmission; alternatively, they may act independently on @entity2227 and @entity935 systems to bring about a combined therapeutic effect. We propose new strategies for the treatment of @entity161 using a combination of anti-dopaminergic and anti-glutamatergic drugs.

title: The potential role of @entity2812 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine', 'Lamotrigine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Ileal pouch-anal @entity254 was an important advancement in the treatment of @entity31 . The aim of this study was to determine whether early complications of ileal pouch-anal @entity254 in @entity1 with @entity31 are associated with poor late functional results. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty @entity1 were operated on from 1986 to 2000, 62 @entity1 with ileostomy and 18 without. The early and late complications were recorded. Specific emphasis has been placed on the incidence of @entity5042 with prolonged follow-up. RESULTS: The ileostomy was closed an average of 9.2 months after the first operation. Fourteen @entity1 were excluded from the long-term evaluation; 6 @entity1 were lost to regular follow-up, 4 died, and 4 @entity1 still have the ileostomy. Of the 4 @entity1 that died, 1 died from surgical complications. Early complications after operation (41) occurred in 34 @entity1 (42.5%). Late complications (29) occurred in 25 @entity1 as follows: 16 had @entity5042 , 3 associated with @entity850 and 1 with @entity250 ; 5 had @entity850 ; and there was 1 case each of incisional @entity547 , @entity292 , @entity96 , and @entity46 . @entity5042 occurred in 6 @entity1 (9.8%) 1 year after ileal pouch-anal @entity254 , 9 (14.8%) after 3 years, 13 (21.3%) after 5 years, and 16 (26.2%) after more than 6 years. The mean daily stool frequency was 12 before and 5.8 after operation. One pouch was removed because of @entity292 that appeared 2 years later. CONCLUSIONS: Ileal pouch-anal @entity254 is associated with a considerable number of early complications. There was no correlation between @entity5042 and severe disease, operation with or without ileostomy, or early @entity260 . The incidence of @entity5042 was directly proportional to duration of time of follow-up.

title: Short- and long-term outcomes of ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis', 'pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas', 'ileoanal fistula']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: In the present study the neuroprotective effect of mild @entity2332 (decrease of temperature from 37 degrees C to 33 degrees C) during and after transient @entity63 in brain tissue at different stages of development was tested in vitro by measuring energy metabolism, @entity2227 release and protein biosynthesis rate (PSR) in hippocampal slices. Slices were taken from immature (E40) and mature (E60) @entity840 fetuses and adult @entity840 . The slices were exposed to @entity63 -like conditions ( @entity26 / @entity413 deprivation, @entity23258 ) for periods of between 10 to 40 min followed by a 2-h or 12-h recovery phase. During @entity23258 , mild @entity2332 slowed down the depletion of energy stores only in slices from immature fetuses, but had no effect on slices prepared from mature fetuses and adult animals. @entity2332 also reduced @entity2227 release significantly during @entity26 / @entity413 deprivation. Lowering temperature to 33 degrees C had no effect on energy metabolism and only a minor effect on PSR of slices from mature fetuses and adult animals subjected to 2 h of recovery. However, 12 h after @entity23258 PSR was markedly improved by mild @entity2332 in slices from mature animals and in slices from adults that had been exposed to @entity23258 for only 20 or 30 min. The inhibition of PSR was more severe in the slices from adults than in those from mature fetuses subjected to the same duration of @entity23258 . Age- and temperature-related differences in @entity2227 release during @entity23258 did not fully agree with corresponding disparities in the values for PSR obtained 12 h after @entity23258 . These results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of mild @entity2332 was not mediated by a temperature-dependent retardation of the depletion of energy stores during @entity23258 . Age-related disparities in the vulnerability of the brain to @entity63 and the neuroprotective efficiency of mild @entity2332 appear to be only partially reflected by the varying levels of @entity2227 release during @entity63 but best reflected by the extent of PSR inhibition. It is concluded that mild @entity2332 may be a suitable therapeutical intervention for the suppression of @entity2806 during birth.

title: Effect of mild @entity2332 during and after transient in vitro XXXX on metabolic disturbances in hippocampal slices at different stages of development.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic cell damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pathological @entity1283 is associated with the expression of a gene profile reminiscent of foetal development. The non selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity1169 is able to blunt cardiomyocyte @entity1184 response in pressure-overloaded hearts. It remains to be determined whether @entity1169 also attenuates the expression of @entity1184 -associated foetal genes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: To address this question, the foetal gene programme, of which atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the @entity8384 ( @entity8384 ), and the alpha-skeletal muscle isoform of actin (skACT) are classical members, was induced by thoracic @entity1498 (TAC) in C57BL/6 @entity19 , or by @entity2647 , a selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist, in cultured @entity35 neonatal cardiomyocytes. KEY RESULTS: In TAC @entity19 , the left ventricular weight-to-body weight (LVW/BW) ratio increased by 35% after 2 weeks. Levels of ANP, @entity8384 and skACT mRNA in the left ventricles increased 2.2-fold, 2.0-fold and 12.1-fold, respectively, whereas @entity12077 and SERCA mRNA levels decreased by approximately 50%. Although @entity1169 blunted cardiomyocyte growth, with approximately an 11% increase in the LVW/BW ratio, it enhanced the expression of ANP, @entity8384 and skACT genes (10.5-fold, 27.7-fold and 22.7-fold, respectively). @entity1169 also enhanced @entity2647 -stimulated ANP and @entity8384 gene expression in cultured cardiomyocytes. Similar results were obtained with @entity1406 , a selective @entity11951 antagonist, but not with @entity10342 , a @entity21167 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: @entity1169 enhances expression of the @entity1184 -associated foetal genes mainly via the @entity11951 blockade. Our results also suggest that, in pressure-overloaded hearts, cardiomyocyte growth and foetal gene expression occur as independent processes.

title: XXXX causes a paradoxical enhancement of cardiomyocyte foetal gene response to @entity1184 stimuli.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity8384 :: ('140781(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['beta-isoform of myosin heavy chain', 'beta-MHC']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['Propranolol']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed as @entity356 with @entity2203 by an upper gastorintestinal endoscopy for @entity417 in July 2001. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed multiple liver @entity3 . Serum @entity787 was 6.2 ng/ml. At laparotomy to improve @entity417 and @entity2203 in September 2001, lymphnode @entity3 invaded the stomach and the pancreatic body. Gastro-jejunostomy was performed without gastrectomy. Oral administration of 100 mg of TS-1 for 28 consecutive days followed by a 14-day rest was given postoperatively. The response assessment of chemotherapy after 1 year was no change (NC) of the @entity75 on endoscopic examination, and liver @entity3 showed a partial response (PR) on CT. Serum @entity787 was raised to 86.1 ng/ml in April 2004. The treatment was changed to weekly @entity1311 . The @entity1 died in July 2005. This case with unresectable @entity356 had been treated by oral administration of TS-1 as an outpatient for 3 years and 7 months.

title: [A case of advanced XXXX treated by TS-1 for 3 years and 7 months].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2203 :: ('MESH:D011707', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial @entity130 is an apt example of a difficult airway. The anesthesiologist faces challenges in their management at every step from airway access to maintenance of anesthesia and extubation and postoperative care. METHODS: A retrospective study was done of 288 @entity1 undergoing surgery for maxillofacial @entity130 over a period of five years. Demographic data, detailed airway assessment and the method of airway access were noted. @entity130 scores, mechanism of injury, duration of hospital stay, requirement of ventilator support were also recorded. Complications encountered during perioperative anaesthetic management were noted. RESULTS: 259 (89.93%) of the @entity1 were male and 188 (62.85%) were in the 21-40 year range. 97.57% of the cases were operated electively. 206 (71.53%) @entity1 were injured in motor vehicular accidents. 175 (60.76%) had other associated injuries. Mean @entity772 scale score (GCS), injury severity score (ISS) and revised @entity130 score (RTS) were 14.18, 14.8 and 12, respectively. Surgery was performed almost nine days following injury. The mean duration of hospitalization was 16 days. ICU admission was required in 22 @entity1 with mean duration of ICU stay being two days. Majority of @entity1 had difficult airway. 240 (83.33%) @entity1 were intubated in the operating room and fibreoptic guided intubation was done in 159 (55.21%) @entity1 . Submental intubation was done in 45 (14.93%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11253 present a complex challenge to the anaesthesiologist. The fibreoptic bronchoscope is the main weapon available in our arsenal. The submental technique scores over the time-honored tracheostomy. Communication between the anaesthesiologist and the surgeon must be given paramount importance.

title: Facing the airway challenges in maxillofacial XXXX : A retrospective review of 288 cases at a level i @entity130 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['Maxillofacial injuries']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow coma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired temporal stability and poor motor unit recruitment are key impairments in @entity191 motor control during a whole spectrum of rhythmic movements, from simple finger tapping to gait. Therapies based on imitation can be designed for @entity1 with @entity73 and virtual-reality (VR) offers a new perspective. Motor actions are known to depend upon the dopaminergic system, whose involvement in imitation is unknown. We sought to understand this role and the underlying possibilities for motor rehabilitation, by observing the execution of different motor-patterns during imitation in a VR environment in subjects with and without @entity51 . METHODS: 10 OFF-dose @entity191 @entity1 ( @entity191 ), 9 age-matched and 9 young-subjects participated. Subjects performed finger-tapping at their "comfort" and "slow-comfort" rates, while immersed in VR presenting their "avatar" in 1st @entity1 perspective. Imitation was evaluated by asking subjects to replicate finger-tapping patterns different to their natural one. The finger-pattern presented matched their comfort and comfort-slow rates, but without a pause on the table (continuously moving). RESULTS: @entity1 were able to adapt their finger-tapping correctly, showing that in comparison with the control groups, the @entity191 did not impair imitation. During imitation the magnitude of EMG increased and the temporal variability of movement decreased. CONCLUSIONS: @entity191 - @entity1 have unaltered ability to imitate instructed motor-patterns, suggesting that a fully-functional dopaminergic system is not essential for such imitation. It should be further investigated if imitation training over a period of time induces positive off-line motor adaptations with transfer to non-imitation tasks.

title: Motor facilitation during real-time movement imitation in XXXX : a virtual reality study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic deficits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's Disease", 'dopaminergic deficiency of PD', 'Parkinsonian', 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rapid, serial, and humane collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in nonhuman primates (NHP) is an essential element of numerous research studies and is currently accomplished via two different models. The CSF reservoir model (FR) combines a catheter in the 4th ventricle with a flexible silastic reservoir to permit circulating CSF flow. The CSF lateral port model (LP) consists of a lateral ventricular catheter and an IV port that provides static access to CSF and volume restrictions on sample collection. The FR model is associated with an intensive, prolonged recovery and frequent postsurgical @entity1276 and nonpatency, whereas the LP model is associated with an easier recovery. To maximize the advantages of both systems, we developed the CSF lateral reservoir model (LR), which combines the beneficial features of the 2 previous models but avoids their limitations by using a reservoir for circulating CSF flow combined with catheter placement in the lateral ventricle. Nine adult male @entity2608 were utilized in this study. Pre-surgical MRI was performed to determine the coordinates of the lateral ventricle and location of @entity2846 ( @entity2846 ). The coordinates were determined to avoid the @entity2846 and major blood vessels. The predetermined coordinates were 100% accurate, according to MRI validation. The LR system functioned successfully in 67% of cases for 221 d, and 44% remain functional at 426 to 510 d postoperatively. Compared with established models, our LR model markedly @entity260 and recovery time. Development of the LR model was successful in @entity2608 and is a useful alternative to the FR and LP methods of CSF collection from nonhuman primates.

title: Development of a Cerebrospinal Fluid Lateral Reservoir Model in XXXX ( @entity2608 ).

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['reduced postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Rhesus Monkeys']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) has been demonstrated to enhance the maximal shortening velocity and maximal power of rodent muscle. Dietary @entity1507 ( @entity8326 ) intake has been demonstrated to increase NO bioavailability in @entity1 . We therefore hypothesized that acute dietary @entity8326 intake (in the form of a concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ) supplement) would improve muscle speed and power in @entity1 . To test this hypothesis, healthy @entity1 and @entity1 (n   =   12; age   =   22-50   y) were studied using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. After an overnight fast, subjects ingested 140   mL of BRJ either containing or devoid of 11.2   mmol of @entity8326 . After 2   h, knee extensor contractile function was assessed using a Biodex 4 isokinetic dynamometer. Breath NO levels were also measured periodically using a Niox Mino analyzer as a biomarker of whole-body NO production. No significant changes in breath NO were observed in the placebo trial, whereas breath NO rose by 61% (P   <   0.001; effect size   =   1.19) after dietary @entity8326 intake. This was accompanied by a 4% (P   <   0.01; effect size   =   0.74) increase in peak knee extensor power at the highest angular velocity tested (i.e., 6.28   rad/s). Calculated maximal knee extensor power was therefore greater (i.e., 7.90        0.59 vs. 7.44        0.53 W/kg; P   <   0.05; effect size   =   0.63) after dietary @entity8326 intake, as was the calculated maximal velocity (i.e., 14.5        0.9 vs. 13.1        0.8   rad/s; P   <   0.05; effect size   =   0.67). No differences in muscle function were observed during 50 consecutive knee extensions performed at 3.14   rad/s. We conclude that acute dietary @entity8326 intake increases whole-body NO production and muscle speed and power in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Effect of acute dietary XXXX intake on maximal knee extensor speed and power in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity1507 :: (CHEBI:48107,Chemical) :: ['nitrate']


abstract: The connexins form a family of membrane spanning proteins that assemble into gap junction channels. The biophysical properties of these channels are dependent upon the constituent connexin isoform. To begin identifying the molecular basis for gap junction channel behavior in the @entity1 heart, a tissue that expresses @entity495 , we used site-directed mutagenesis to generate mutant cDNAs of @entity1 @entity495 with shortened cytoplasmic tail domains. Premature stop codons were inserted, resulting in proteins corresponding in length to the @entity1 isoforms @entity10646 and @entity3492 , which are expressed primarily in liver. All constructs restore intercellular coupling when they are transfected into SKHep1 cells, a @entity1 @entity157 line that is communication deficient. Whereas wild-type @entity495 transfectants display two distinct unitary conductance values of about 60 and 100 pS, transfectants expressing the mutant proteins, from which 80 and 138 @entity1522 have been deleted, exhibit markedly different single-channel properties, with unitary conductance values of about 160 and 50 pS, respectively. Junctional conductance of channels composed of wild-type @entity495 is less voltage-sensitive compared with transfectants expressing wild-type @entity10646 . However, neither of the @entity495 truncation mutants alters this relative voltage insensitivity. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic tail domain is an important determinant of the unitary conductance event of gap junction channels but not their voltage dependence. Furthermore, since the mutant connexins are missing several consensus phosphorylation sites, modification of these particular sites may not be required for membrane insertion or assembly of @entity1 @entity495 into functional channels.

title: Functional analysis of XXXX cardiac gap junction channel mutants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection is a safe procedure with a more favorable short-term outcome compared to pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, some @entity1 develop mechanical complications or suspicion of @entity5 during follow-up and need reoperation years after primary surgery. Aim of this study was to evaluate incidence, techniques, and complication rates of redo operations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed short- and long-term outcomes of 33 @entity1 who underwent duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection for chronic @entity788 from 1997 to 2010 at our department from a prospective database. RESULTS: Short-term outcome after duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection was comparable with previous data. Follow-up (mean 89  months) was achieved for 26 @entity1 . Eight @entity1 (30.1  %) needed a redo operation of which seven were performed. Indications @entity3883 (four @entity1 ) and suspicion of @entity5 of pancreatic head (four @entity1 ; @entity189 confirmed in three @entity1 ). Mean interval between initial and redo operation was seven years for benign stenoses and 4  years for @entity5 . Three of seven operated @entity1 needed revision. CONCLUSION: Need for redo operations after duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection is high and these operations have high complication rates. In most cases, redo operations can be avoided by performing pancreaticoduodenectomy as initial operation.

title: Redo Surgery After Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head Resection for Chronic XXXX : High Incidence in Long-Term Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['were obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate visual function in 2 @entity1 and their maternal aunt affected with @entity3606 due to a mutation in the X-linked lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 ( @entity3607 ) gene. METHODS: Linkage analysis using microsatellite markers from the X chromosome was done in family members from the paternal side. Visual acuity testing, fundus analysis, fluorescence angiography, and full-field electroretinography were performed in all 3 @entity1 . RESULTS: Eye examinations confirmed the presence of @entity989 in the 2 @entity1 and their maternal aunt, obligate carrier for the @entity59729 mutation in @entity3607 . The expression of the disease was milder in the female carrier than in the hemizygous @entity1 , possibly due to lyonization. CONCLUSIONS: Our report further expands the phenotype of @entity3606 by describing @entity989 in 3 cases. A thorough clinical examination, including ophthalmic investigation, is needed in all cases of @entity3606 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity3607 belongs to a growing number of @entity989 genes. Genes involved in systemic diseases associated with poor survival may see their effect in other organs, not only in the eyes, becoming a major source of concern once a good and reliable therapy is available. This also represents a major issue for genetic counseling for @entity1 undergoing gene therapy in the future.

title: XXXX in @entity3606 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3606 :: ('MESH:D052120', 'Disease') :: ['Danon disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Retinopathy']


abstract: AIMS: @entity2404 ( @entity3447 ) induces @entity1423 through @entity2871 prostanoid (TP) receptor. Platelets contain many pro-angiogenic factors and are recruited to the site of @entity1317 . However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of platelet-dependent angiogenesis, especially the involvement of TP signalling, have not been fully elucidated. The present study hypothesized that TP-dependent @entity1423 would contribute to angiogenesis in a @entity19 hindlimb ischaemic model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood flow recovery was suppressed by the @entity3447 receptor antagonist ( @entity20156 ) and the @entity3447 synthase inhibitor ( @entity17756 ) compared with control @entity19 . TP knockout @entity19 (TP(-/-)) showed delayed blood flow recovery from ischaemia and @entity73 compared with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 and @entity4770 receptor knockout @entity19 (IP(-/-)). Selective @entity1423 to ischaemic endothelial cells (ECs) via P-selectin was identified in @entity164 and IP(-/-), but not in TP(-/-), via in vivo microscopy. IF analysis showed that @entity25274 ( @entity25274 ) co-localized with endothelial @entity5231 in ischaemic muscle in @entity164 and IP(-/-) but not diminished in TP(-/-). Platelet-rich plasma levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and @entity1611 were increased after ischaemia in @entity164 , and suppressed by antibody against P-selectin in @entity164 but not in TP(-/-). Furthermore, the blood flow recovery was suppressed by neutralizing antibodies against @entity1611 or C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 in @entity164 and IP(-/-) but not in TP(-/-). CONCLUSION: These results indicated that TP signalling facilitates ischaemia-induced angiogenesis via P-selectin-mediated @entity1423 to @entity25274 on the ECs at ischaemic sites and the supply of pro-angiogenic factors by the adherent platelets.

title: @entity2404 induces blood flow recovery via XXXX to ischaemic regions.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet adhesion']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['Thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity25274 :: ('20345(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1', 'PSGL-1']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet adhesion']


abstract: Ammonia production is of great importance for the gastric pathogen @entity1534 as a @entity1568 source, as a compound protecting against @entity356 , and as a cytotoxic molecule. In addition to urease, @entity1534 possesses two aliphatic amidases responsible for @entity3265 production: AmiE, a classical amidase, and AmiF, a new type of formamidase. Both enzymes are part of a regulatory network consisting of @entity1568 metabolism enzymes, including urease and arginase. We examined the role of the @entity1534 amidases in vivo by testing the gastric colonization of @entity19 with @entity1534 SS1 strains carrying mutations in amiE and/or amiF and in coinfection experiments with wild-type and double mutant strains. A new cassette conferring resistance to @entity801 was used in addition to the @entity7913 cassette to construct the double mutation in strain SS1. Our data indicate that the amidases are not essential for colonization of @entity19 . The search for amiE and amiF genes in 53 @entity1534 strains from different geographic origins indicated the presence of both genes in all these genomes. We tested for the presence of the amiE and amiF genes and for amidase and formamidase activities in eleven @entity6921 species. Among the gastric species, @entity37423 possessed both amiE and amiF, @entity10331 carried only amiF, and @entity6921 was devoid of amidases. H. muridarum, which can colonize both @entity19 intestine and stomach, was the only enterohepatic species to contain amiE. Phylogenetic trees based upon the sequences of @entity1534 amiE and amiF genes and their respective homologs from other organisms as well as the amidase gene distribution among @entity6921 species are strongly suggestive of amidase acquisition by horizontal gene transfer. Since amidases are found only in @entity6921 species able to colonize the stomach, their acquisition might be related to selective pressure in this particular gastric environment.

title: Presence of active aliphatic amidases in XXXX species able to colonize the stomach.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity37423 :: ('212', 'Species') :: ['H. acinonychis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric acidity']

entities_list: @entity6921 :: ('217', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter', 'H. mustelae']

answer: @entity6921 :: (217,Species) :: ['Helicobacter']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Research on the impact of @entity1239 on @entity161 and antipsychotic medications was reviewed to determine ways to improve treatment planning for @entity1 with @entity161 who smoke and to evaluate smoking cessation programs for this population. METHODS: All major research databases were searched. The review focuses on reports published since 1990. RESULTS: Smoking improves processing of auditory stimuli (sensory gating) by @entity1 with @entity161 and may lessen negative symptoms by increasing @entity935 in the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal and frontal cortex. Use of traditional antipsychotics may result in @entity1 ' smoking more, whereas @entity1 taking atypical antipsychotics may smoke less. @entity1 who smoke metabolize antipsychotics faster than nonsmoking @entity1 . Smoking cessation programs for outpatients with @entity161 report a success rate of about 12 percent after six months. No studies of cessation programs for chronically ill inpatients with @entity161 have been published. Several hospitals have implemented smoking bans with equivocal results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1239 affects both @entity161 and antipsychotic medications. Neurobiological and psychosocial factors reinforce the high use of @entity1239 by @entity1 with @entity161

title: A review of the effects of @entity1239 on XXXX and antipsychotic medications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: 1. The apparent and true @entity535 digestibilities in @entity1101 , @entity3505 , soyabean meal, meat-and-bone meal, fish meal and blood meal for growing meat @entity1573 were determined using an assay based on the collection of digesta from the terminal ileum and comparison was made with digestibility values determined using an excreta-based assay. 2. Five-week-old meat @entity1573 were given @entity2829 -soyabean meal basal diet or mixtures of the basal diet and test diets containing the 6 ingredients as the sole source of dietary protein (50:50 on weight basis). Apparent @entity535 digestibility values of assay diets at ileal and excreta levels were calculated using @entity6213 as the indigestible marker. True digestibility values were calculated using endogenous outputs determined by feeding a protein-free diet. @entity535 digestibilities of the ingredients were calculated by difference. 3. The site of measurement had no influence on endogenous @entity535 output, the exceptions being @entity2574 and @entity367 . The output of these two @entity1522 was higher in the excreta. 4. Significant differences were found between ileal and excreta-based digestibility of certain @entity1522 in some ingredients, with excreta values being usually higher than the ileal values, indicating a net catabolism of @entity1522 in the large intestine. The degree of net @entity535 disappearance was found to be variable among @entity1522 and ingredients. In general, @entity1889 had the lowest digestibility at the ileal level and, compared with other @entity1522 , the highest degredation during passage through the hindgut. 5. The results showed that digestibility determination based on excreta collection will overestimate the uptake for some @entity1522 in some feeds. The degree of overestimation was often considerable, ranging from 8.9% (apparent digestibility of @entity1889 in soyabean meal) to 56% (apparent digestibility of @entity2574 in @entity3505 ). It is concluded that digestibility values measured at the terminal ileum provide a more reliable measure of @entity535 availability than those measured in the excreta.

title: Ileal @entity535 digestibility assay for the growing meat @entity1573 --comparison of ileal and excreta @entity535 digestibility in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6213 :: ('MESH:C023600', 'Chemical') :: ['chromic oxide']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the knowledge of @entity1 with @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) and their family members about @entity1538 risk factors and to study the referral of family members for eye examinations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey and prospective cohort study. METHODS: We interviewed @entity1538 @entity1 (probands) at the Wilmer Eye Institute and their biologically related parents, siblings, and @entity1 about their knowledge of @entity1538 risk factors. Qualified family members were offered an eye examination through the EyeCare America program. Three months after initial contact, a follow-up telephone questionnaire determined the outcome of the referral. RESULTS: Among 102 probands and 100 (of 230 eligible) family members who were interviewed, there was high awareness that @entity1538 is related to older age (85% both groups). More probands knew of the association with higher intraocular pressure (95%) compared with family (78%). Yet, 21% of both groups were not aware that @entity1538 is hereditary, and only 53% of probands and 30% of family members knew that @entity1538 is more common in certain ethnic groups. Only two-thirds of probands had suggested that family members have an eye examination. Eighty percent of family members had had an eye examination within the last year; of 21 with no recent examination, 66% (13/21) accepted referral. CONCLUSIONS: The Help the @entity726 project developed a novel approach to identify those at high-risk for @entity1538 . Screening of relatives of @entity1538 @entity1 deserves further study in a more representative selection of the general population.

title: Targeting relatives of @entity1 with primary open angle glaucoma: the help the XXXX project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['OAG', 'open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Family Glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['family glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify whether @entity67 predicts in-hospital death in @entity385 @entity1 with @entity955 . METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed data from enrolled @entity1 with @entity385 @entity1 with @entity955 who presented within 24h of onset. All @entity1 underwent transthoracic echocardiography to evaluate diastolic filling pressure estimated as the ratio of early transmitral flow velocity (E) to mitral annular velocity (e') within 24h of admission. We evaluated @entity2806 volume and National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-six @entity1 were enrolled. During hospitalization, 30 @entity1 (11%) died. The deceased group had a higher NIHSS score, a higher D-dimer level, a higher @entity1011 level, a larger @entity2806 volume and a higher E/e' ratio than those in the survival group. In a multivariate analysis, a higher E/e' ratio was an independent predictor of in-hospital death. The cutoff value for the E/e' ratio for prediction in-hospital death was 20 with the sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 86%. CONCLUSION: @entity67 may be associated with in-hospital death in @entity385 @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Cardiac @entity67 predicts in-hospital mortality in acute @entity385 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['initial ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Carhart's notch (CN) is a false @entity308 of bone conduction (BC) thresholds at 2-4 kHz initially described in cases of stapes fixation. This study was designed to estimate the incidence and assess the clinical significance of CN in cases of @entity2346 media with effusion (OME) in @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical records of 50 @entity1 of OME that showed CN were analysed, retrospectively. First 24 were identified as seen in outpatients and 26 were found out of 100 consecutive cases of OME. The criteria of CN were a minimum 10 dB @entity308 in BC at any frequency 500-4000 Hz. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 showed CN, with mean age of 8.8 years. All had myringotomies with or without insertion of grommets. The CN ranged from 10 to 20 dB in the majority and up to 30 dB in few cases. In 85 ears studied, the affected frequencies comprised of 2000 Hz in 80 (94%), 4000 Hz in 4 and 1000 Hz in one ear. Pre-operative tympanograms were of type B in 68 (80%), type C in 16 (18.8%) and type A in one ear. Middle ear fluid was thick glue in 57 (67%), serous in 5 (5.8%), and no fluid found in 23 (27%) cases. Oedematous, granular or polypoidal appearances of @entity2172 were noted in 57 (67%) of the ears. A normal mucosa was seen in 17 (20%), and no details were available in 11 (13%) ears. Post-operative audiograms showed improvements of BC thresholds in 72 (84.7%) of the ears. CONCLUSION: Our results show 26% incidence of CN in paediatric cases of OME, with evidence of thick fluid and abnormal @entity2172 in about two-thirds of cases. This suggests that CN may be of prognostic value for myringotomy outcomes. Statistically there is a significant correlation between presence of fluid on myringotomy and CN, and type of tympanogram and post-operative BC threshold improvement. There is no predictive value of CN in terms of character of the middle ear fluid. Studies with larger numbers may be required to determine this with more certainty. It can help clinically, however, in pre-operative assessment of these cases. It is our opinion that BC should be an essential part of routine audiometry in all cases of OME.

title: Carhart's notch: a finding in XXXX media with effusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear mucosa']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: b-Amyloid (Ab) accumulation in the brain is widely accepted to be critical to the development of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Current efforts at reducing toxic Ab40 or 42 have largely focused on modulating y-secretase activity to produce shorter, less toxic Ab, while attempting to spare other secretase functions. In this paper we provide data that offer the potential for a new approach for the treatment of @entity195 . The method is based on our previous findings that the production of Ab from the interaction between the @entity15370 ( @entity15370 ) and Presenilin (PS), as part of the y-secretase complex, in cell culture is largely inhibited if the entire water-soluble @entity2733 -terminal domain of PS is first added to the culture. Here we demonstrate that two small, non-overlapping water-soluble peptides from the @entity20933 @entity2733 -terminal domain can substantially and specifically inhibit the production of total Ab as well as Ab40 and 42 in vitro and in vivo in the brains of @entity15370 @entity19 . These results suggest that the inhibitory activity of the entire amino terminal domain of @entity20933 on Ab production is largely focused in a few smaller sequences within that domain. Using biolayer interferometry and confocal microscopy we provide evidence that peptides effective in reducing Ab give a strong, specific and biologically relevant binding with the purified ectodomain of @entity15370 695. Finally, we demonstrate that the reduction of Ab by the peptides does not affect the catalytic activities of b- or y-secretase, or the level of @entity15370 . P4 and P8 are the first reported protein site-specific small peptides to reduce Ab production in model systems of @entity195 . These peptides and their derivatives offer new potential drug candidates for the treatment of @entity195 .

title: Peptides of @entity20933 bind the amyloid precursor protein ectodomain and offer a novel and specific therapeutic approach to reduce   -amyloid in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15370 :: ('11820(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['b-amyloid precursor protein', 'APP']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the anti- @entity5 immunotherapeutic effect induced by the suicidalcancer vaccine FC/TK, and to evaluate the safety of this vaccine. METHODS: The suicidal @entity5 vaccine, named FC/TK, was prepared by fusion of suicide gene (HSVI,-TK gene) -modified @entity43 NuTu-19 cells with @entity35 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The morphology of FC/TK was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The stimulatory effect of FC/TK on T cells was determined by T cell proliferation assay. In immunotherapeutic studies in vivo, Fischer344 @entity35 were injected subcutaneously with NuTu-19 cells, followed by treatment of FC/TK on days 7 and 14, compared to controls treated with irradiated FC/TK, FC or PBS, respectively. Tumor incidence and volume were measured in 90 days after challenge. To determine the killing effect of FC/TK in vivo, TUNEL assays were applied to detect apoptotic cell death in spleen of vaccinated @entity35 with prodrug @entity4540 administration. RESULTS: FC/TK cells were of irregular shape with surface membrane processes. Compared to the control groups, FC/TK significantly promoted T cell proliferation (P <0.01). The @entity35 vaccinated with FC/TK and FC significantly inhibited the @entity5 growth compared to @entity35 vaccinated with irradiated FC/TK (P <0.05) or with PBS ( P <0.01). The immunotherapeutic effect induced by FC/TK was similar to that using FC. Fluorescence microscopy showed that @entity941 -stained FC/TK cells migrated into spleen also showed to be TUNEL-positive, suggesting that the FC/TK cells were killed by @entity4540 in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that suicidal @entity5 vaccine is an effective and safe therapy for @entity43 and may serve as a broadly applicable approach for other @entity5 vaccines in the future.

title: [Suicidal XXXX vaccine enhances anti- @entity5 immunotherapeutic effect and its safety in the treatment of @entity43 ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the type of macular @entity4 in @entity1 with @entity2994 by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). To compare the sensitivity and specificity between OCT and fundus @entity941 angiography (FFA). To investigate the visual prognosis and risk factors in @entity1 with @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). METHODS: Ninety-one eyes of 90 @entity1 with various types of @entity2994 were examined by OCT and FFA. There were 54 cases male and 36 cases female. The age of these @entity1 ranged from 20 to 74 years old and averaged (57.8 +/- 13.8) years old. Right eye was affected in 45 cases, and left eye in 46 cases (both eye in 1 case). Central retinal vein, hemicentral retinal vein and branch retinal vein were affected in 54, 9 and 28 eyes, respectively. The average follow-up period was 6.10 months. The sensitivity and specificity of OCT and FFA were measured. The visual prognosis and risk factors were analyzed. Macular central retinal thickness of 54 opposite normal eye was measured for comparison. RESULTS: (1) The classification of macular @entity4 by OCT was @entity1103 in 71 eyes (78.0%); subretinal fluid in 14 eyes and laminar macular hole in 1 eye. The minimal and maximal height of intraretinal cystoid space was 94 microm and 1317 microm, respectively and averaged (668.18 +/- 245.58) microm. The minimal and maximal height of macular central retinal thickness of 54 opposite normal eye was 110 microm and 236 microm, respectively and averaged (154.09 +/- 21.85) microm. The maximal height of subretinal fluid space was 1377 microm or even beyond the detective limit of OCT. (2) The sensitivity of OCT for detection of @entity1103 was 98.6% and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of FFA was 86.1% and the specificity was 100.0%. (3) The visual prognosis of 61 eyes with @entity1103 follow-up over 3 months: The difference between the initial and final VA in branch @entity2994 was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while no difference between initial and final VA in central and hemicentral @entity2994 (P > 0.05). The factors affected visual prognosis of @entity1103 included the duration, the presence of @entity548 in cystoid space and the severity of occlusion, etc. In @entity1103 under 3 months, the visual prognosis after therapy is better than that of before the therapy (P < 0.01); while in eyes with duration more than 3 months, no difference of vision could be detected before and after the therapy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: OCT is a safe, high-resolution, non-invasive, reliable and reproducible new examine method for detecting @entity1103 . The visual prognosis of @entity1103 is poor. It is possible that the visual prognosis can be improved by early detecting @entity1103 using OCT.

title: [Measurement of macular @entity4 in XXXX using optical coherence tomography and its visual prognosis].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CME', 'cystoid macular edema']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Examine the patterns and effect of follow-up therapy for @entity1 with @entity64 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of national inpatient medical rehabilitation facilities and follow-up survey data from 1994 to 2001. A total of 45,164 @entity1 received inpatient medical rehabilitation after a @entity64 . The mean age (+/- standard deviation) was 69.5 (+/-12.8) yrs, 48% were @entity1 , and 77% were non-Hispanic white. Average length of stay was 21.9 (+/-14.2) days. RESULTS: The highest gain in @entity15467 instrument ratings for follow-up therapy was associated with a discharge @entity15467 rating of > or =65. @entity1 with @entity15467 ratings > or =65 at discharge who received follow-up therapy gained an average of 19.4 points between discharge and follow-up assessment compared with a mean gain of 15.1 points for @entity1 who did not receive follow-up therapy. Validity was examined using 100 bootstrap replications. The percentage of @entity1 with @entity15467 instrument scores of > or =65 receiving follow-up therapy increased from 38% in 1994 to 58% in 2001. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in postdischarge @entity15467 gains between @entity1 with and without follow-up therapy were greatest among @entity1 with discharge @entity15467 instrument ratings of > or =65. Compared with @entity1 whose discharge @entity15467 ratings were >65, @entity1 with discharge @entity15467 scores of > or =65 who underwent follow-up therapy demonstrated substantially greater average postdischarge @entity15467 gains than those with @entity15467 ratings of >65.

title: Examination of follow-up therapy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft @entity174 in the orthopaedic literature have shown mixed results. The purpose of this investigation was to document the clinical outcome and complications associated with the use of a new flexible, locking intramedullary nail that can be implanted in the humerus in either a retrograde or an antegrade manner without violating the rotator cuff mechanism or damaging the articular surface of the humeral head. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 with fifty-one humeral shaft @entity174 were entered into our prospective clinical outcome study. The @entity174 was classified on the basis of the anatomic location and pattern. Implant positioning and @entity174 alignment were assessed postoperatively. Complications were recorded, and the time to union was measured. Shoulder function was evaluated with use of a combination of the Constant shoulder score, Short Form-36 (SF-36) clinical outcome data, range-of-motion measurements, and a subjective @entity158 . RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 with forty-two @entity174 had an adequate duration of clinical follow-up (a mean of twenty-two months) for analysis. Thirty-nine @entity174 healed, with a mean time to clinical union of twelve weeks (range, four to fifty weeks). Thirty-eight of the forty-two shoulders had minimal or no @entity158 . Thirty-six shoulders had a full range of motion. The mean Constant shoulder score was 90 points. Four @entity1 had five complications, which included two nonunions, two hardware failures, and one wound @entity281 . All four @entity1 had been managed with a 7.5-mm nail. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that an age of more than fifty years was associated with a lower Constant score and that the occurrence of a complication was associated with a lower physical component score on the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: The flexible humeral nail allows both retrograde and antegrade implantation and static locking. Nail insertion can be accomplished without violating the rotator cuff or damaging the articular surface of the humeral head. Although the nail functioned well in most of our @entity1 , the use of a small-diameter (7.5-mm) nail was associated with a higher complication rate. This implant should be used with caution in any @entity1 with a medullary canal diameter of <or=8 mm.

title: Intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft XXXX with a locking flexible nail.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-rating scale', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity34679 (P) has been used for the treatment of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) and it is known that inhibition of @entity1861 fusion protein by @entity34679 induces apoptosis of @entity1860 cells. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), which is a @entity3978 in green tea, induces apoptosis in different types of @entity5 cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of @entity34679 and @entity3090 combination in K562 @entity1860 cell line. This study also aimed to detect alterations of the expression levels of cell cycle-regulation related genes after @entity34679 and @entity3090 combination in K562 @entity1860 cell line. METHODS: The cytotoxic effects of the compounds on K562 cells were determined in a time-and dose-dependent manner by using WST-1 analysis. The combination index (CI) isobologram was used to analyze the data. Apoptotic effects of P- @entity3090 were defined by flow cytometry and gene expressions were detected by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: IC50values of @entity34679 and @entity3090 were 87.13 nM and 50 M, respectively. CI value of the P- @entity3090 was 0.658 and the combination showed synergistic effect (ED90 value: 28.39 nM @entity34679 , 117.12  g/ml @entity3090 ). @entity34679 , @entity3090 and P- @entity3090 induced apoptosis compared to control cells. @entity4910 and @entity10837 were downregulated by P- @entity3090 by 2.49 and 2.63-fold, respectively. @entity6474 was upregulated by 4.57-fold. CONCLUSION: @entity3090 possesses cytotoxic and apoptotic properties and may cooperate with the growth inhibiting activity of @entity34679 synergistically against @entity1860 cells. P- @entity3090 mediated apoptosis might be associated with upregulation of @entity6474 gene and downregulation of @entity4910 and @entity10837 genes.

title: Synergistic effect of XXXX and @entity3089 induces apoptosis in @entity1860 cells through altering expressions of cell cycle regulatory genes.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity34679 :: ('MESH:C545373', 'Chemical') :: ['ponatinib', 'Ponatinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity34679 :: (MESH:C545373,Chemical) :: ['ponatinib']


abstract: Sixty-two @entity11621 . enterica serovar Derby isolates from slaughter @entity1707 and meat products isolated in Southern Brazil were analyzed for their genomic relationships and for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Twenty-four S. Derby isolates were indistinguishable by their subtracted restriction fingerprinting (SRF) pattern, XbaI- and BlnI-macrorestriction patterns, phage type, plasmid profile, and resistance pattern. In contrast to the BlnI-macrorestriction patterns, the XbaI-macrorestriction patterns were in good agreement with the results of SRF analysis and phage typing. Among the four phage types detected, PT10 and PT21 were the most common. The combination of all typing methods revealed a great diversity among the S. Derby isolates. All strains carried plasmids and the 60 resistant isolates showed at least @entity803 resistance. The resistance genes found were sul1 and/or @entity60915 ( @entity11682 resistance), aadA2 ( @entity3639 / @entity6760 resistance), tet(A) ( @entity803 resistance), tet(B) ( @entity803 / @entity1214 resistance), bla(TEM) ( @entity869 resistance), and dfrA14 ( @entity206 resistance). A correlation of the geno- and phenotypic characteristics with the origin of the isolates revealed a substantial temporal variation in the occurrence of specific S. Derby isolates in different independent @entity1707 production lines in Southern Brazil. The large number of resistant isolates underlined the potential risk that S. Derby isolates can pose to @entity1 health when they enter the food chain.

title: Phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of porcine XXXX . enterica serovar Derby isolates.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica subsp']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

answer: @entity11621 :: (28901,Species) :: ['Salmonella enterica subsp']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6875 affects orbital contents and eyelids. Protrusion of the globe can also be the result of @entity1714 and/or an abnormal orbit shape, which is responsible for nonsyndromic exorbitism. It is necessary to recognize these components of protrusion to treat @entity1 adequately. The authors present a surgical strategy for treatment of the orbit and lids. METHODS: Files of 84 @entity1 treated from 1984 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-eight @entity1 were operated on for @entity6875 and 16 for nonsyndromic exorbitism with or without @entity1714 . The surgical strategy was adapted to the degree of emergency, the age of the @entity1 , and the shape of the orbit measured using computed tomography. The accepted standard of treatment was a coronal approach with a two-wall expansion, with or without bone grafts, especially in cases of associated nonsyndromic exorbitism, with or without complementary ablation of the external part of the orbital floor. Lid surgery was performed at a second stage. RESULTS: Nonsyndromic exorbitism @entity1 were successfully treated in one step. No @entity892 was present either preoperatively or postoperatively. In contrast, the treatment of the @entity6875 @entity1 justified one to three orbital expansion procedures per @entity1 and/or one to seven procedures for levator palpebrae lengthening or reinsertion. Forty-three percent of preexisting @entity892 were improved by the surgery. The overall postoperative incidence of de novo @entity892 was 19 percent. In the @entity6875 series, three @entity1 (5 percent) finally underwent strabismus surgery. No major complication occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity6875 is challenging. A graded approach is justified. @entity1 have to be informed that several procedures may be necessary and, in cases of nonsyndromic exorbitism or @entity1714 , that facial modifications might occur.

title: Surgical strategy in the treatment of globe protrusion depending on its mechanism (Graves' disease, nonsyndromic exorbitism, or XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopias', 'diplopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['high myopia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present a @entity1 with a 16 cm @entity1636 that underwent a left adrenalectomy en bloc with resection of the involved segment of the @entity8 . A splenectomy and splenorenal bypass was performed to revascularize the left kidney. To our knowledge, this is the first instance in the literature of a splenorenal arterial bypass being reported for renal revascularization during an extirpative oncologic procedure. A 64-year-old male @entity1 , with history significant for @entity1636 , status post prior right adrenalectomy with partial right nephrectomy, presented for an elective left adrenalectomy. Preoperative work-up revealed an 11.4   *   13.2   *   16 cm left adrenal mass, most consistent with an @entity1636 . At the time of surgery, the mass was found to be intimately adherent to the aorta at the takeoff of the @entity8 . Moreover, the @entity8 appeared to be coursing directly through the mass. The involved segment of the @entity8 was resected en bloc with the @entity5 . Because of concerns for a small and likely poorly functioning right renal remnant, a decision was made to attempt to salvage the left kidney. This was accomplished by performing a splenectomy and constructing a splenorenal bypass. Serial Duplex Doppler renal ultrasound studies were obtained over the first three postoperative days and demonstrated improved arterial waveforms. Serum @entity1011 reached a peak level of 3.76 mg/dL on postoperative day 3, and then began to slowly trend down to 3.37 mg/dL on the day of discharge (postoperative day7).

title: Splenorenal Arterial Bypass: Description of Technique and Case Example in an Instance of Renal Revascularization during Adrenalectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['left renal artery']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['Adrenocortical Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the function of y   T cells in early- and late-phase responses in @entity56 . METHODS: @entity164 ( @entity164 ) C57BL/6 and y   T cell-deficient (TCR-  (-/-)) @entity19 were immunized intraperitoneally and challenged topically for 7 consecutive days with short ragweed pollen. @entity14434 ( @entity14434 ) and y   T cell-double-deficient @entity19 were generated by treating TCR-  (-/-) mice with anti- @entity776 antibody. @entity56 was evaluated clinically, and the late-phase response was assessed by histopathology. Cytokine profiles were evaluated by ELISA. The afferent and efferent arms of @entity56 were assessed by adoptive transfer of @entity1961 (+) T cells from @entity164 or TCR-  (-/-) @entity19 into naive TCR-  (-/-) or @entity164 @entity19 . RESULTS: TCR-  (-/-) @entity19 had decreased clinical manifestations of @entity56 compared with @entity164 @entity19 . TCR-  (-/-) @entity19 had decreased eosinophilic infiltration compared with @entity164 @entity19 . TCR-  (-/-) @entity19 produced less Th2-associated cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, -5, and -13 compared with @entity164 @entity19 . Clinical manifestations of @entity56 were lowest in @entity14434 cell-depleted TCR-  (-/-) @entity19 . However, late-phase @entity56 in @entity14434 cell-depleted, TCR-  (-/-) @entity19 was the same as TCR-  (-/-) @entity19 . Adoptive transfer of @entity1961 (+) T cells revealed that y   T cells are needed for the afferent and efferent arms of @entity56 . CONCLUSIONS: y   T cells are needed for full expression of both the clinical manifestations and the late phase of @entity56 . Thus, y   T cells have an important impact in the expression of @entity56 and are a potential therapeutic target in the management of @entity56 of the ocular surface.

title: y   T cells are required for maximal expression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic conjunctivitis', 'allergic conjunctivitis', 'allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity14434 :: ('MESH:C566492', 'Disease') :: ['NKT', 'Natural killer T']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']


abstract: In two separate experiments, @entity35 were raised in either an enriched condition (EC) or @entity558 ( @entity558 ) from 21 to 60 days of age. Experiment 1 assessed @entity4944 -stimulated locomotor activity and in vivo @entity935 (DA) synthesis and metabolism in the nucleus accumbens (NA) and striatum (Str). In Experiment 2, @entity4944 -stimulated DA release in the NA and Str was assessed in vitro. The results showed that EC @entity35 have lower basal levels of locomotor activity than @entity558 @entity35 . However, in the presence of @entity4944 , EC @entity35 showed a greater increase in locomotion over @entity558 when compared to their own controls. Concomitant with this behavioral difference, EC @entity35 also showed an enhanced neurochemical response to @entity4944 in vivo. That is, relative to @entity558 @entity35 , @entity4944 produced a greater synthesis of DA in the Str of EC @entity35 , as well as a greater metabolism of DA in the NA of EC @entity35 . In the in vitro DA release experiment, EC @entity35 had a lower concentration of tissue DA than @entity558 . However, in contrast to the in vivo experiment, there were no significant differences between EC and @entity558 @entity35 in @entity4944 -stimulated release of DA in vitro in either the Str or NA. The failure of @entity4944 to produce differential neurochemical effects in EC and @entity558 @entity35 in vitro may be because this experiment eliminated either pharmacokinetic effects or neurochemical differences in brain regions outside the NA and Str.

title: The effect of environmental enrichment on XXXX -stimulated locomotor activity, @entity935 synthesis and @entity935 release.

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['impoverished condition', 'IC']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Offspring of parents with @entity162 are at increased risk for a range of psychopathology, including @entity162 . It is not clear if they also have impairments in their psychosocial functioning. METHODS: We compared the psychosocial functioning of three groups of @entity1 enrolled in the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study (BIOS): offspring of probands with @entity162 (n=388), offspring of probands with other types of psychopathology (n=132), and offspring of healthy probands (n=118). Psychosocial functioning was assessed at study intake using the schedule of the Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation (A-LIFE), the @entity1 Behavior Check List (CBCL) and the @entity1 's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). RESULTS: Offspring of probands with @entity162 exhibited impairments in various aspects of psychosocial functioning. On all measures, they had worse functioning in comparison with offspring of healthy probands. Offspring of probands with @entity162 generally exhibited more impairment than offspring of probands with nonbipolar psychopathology. After adjusting for proband parent functioning and the @entity1 's @entity2270 psychopathology, functioning of offspring of probands with @entity162 was similar to that of offspring of healthy probands. LIMITATIONS: Data are cross-sectional and therefore do not allow for causal conclusions about the association between parental psychopathology, @entity1 psychopathology and offspring psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Offspring of parents with @entity162 exhibit impairments in psychosocial functioning which appear largely attributable to proband parent functional impairment and the @entity1 's own psychopathology. As such, interventions to improve parental functioning, as well as early interventions to treat the @entity1 's psychopathology may help reduce the risk for long-term functional impairment in offspring.

title: Psychosocial functioning in offspring of parents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2390 is an octapeptide analog of @entity1943 used to normalize @entity2124 levels in @entity2012 . This article presents a population analysis of the relationship between @entity2390 and @entity2124 concentrations in 94 @entity1 with @entity2012 , including 10 @entity1 responding incompletely to subcutaneous treatment (poor responders). METHODS: @entity2124 and @entity2390 concentrations were recorded hourly over 12-hour time periods during long-term subcutaneous treatment. Twelve-hour profiles were also collected on different days up to 2 months after intramuscular injection of the long-acting formulation. We modeled the inhibition of @entity2124 secretion by @entity2390 with a direct maximum inhibition model. A joint analysis of both formulations was performed with NONMEM (GloboMax, LLC, Hanover, Md). During model building, we examined the relationships between parameters and demographic covariates or formulations with the use of likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS: The baseline @entity2124 level was higher in poor responders and was best described by a bimodal distribution. The maximum inhibition was common to both formulations and had a mean of 90%, with low interindividual variability. Sensitivity to @entity2390 (50% inhibitory concentration) was found to be slightly lower on average with intramuscular administration than with subcutaneous administration. CONCLUSION: Given adequate doses of @entity2390 , in 72% of 94 @entity1 , @entity2124 would decrease to levels below 2.5 ng. mL(-1), considered to be a desirable target concentration in @entity2012 . This study provides a way to identify poor responders during subcutaneous treatment, allowing an early clinical decision to be made to switch nonresponders to alternative therapies.

title: Population pharmacodynamic analysis of XXXX in acromegalic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuroprotection is a major therapeutic approach for @entity2806 . We investigated the neuroprotective effects induced by transplantation of @entity1 embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) into the cortical penumbra 24 h after focal @entity2806 . METHODS: NSCs were prepared from @entity1 embryonic brains obtained at 8 weeks of gestation. Focal @entity2806 was induced in adult @entity35 by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: NSCs-grafted group and medium-grafted group (control). @entity1188 size was assessed 28 days after transplantation by @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. Neurological severity scores were evaluated before @entity63 and at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemical analysis of @entity588 and @entity589 were performed at 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. RESULTS: Physiological parameters of the two groups were comparable, but not significantly different. NSC transplantation significantly improved neurological function (P<0.05) but did not reduce the infarct size significantly (P>0.05). Compared with the control, NSC transplantation significantly reduced the number of TUNEL- and @entity589 -positive cells in the penumbra at 7 days. Interestingly, the number of @entity588 -positive cells in the penumbra after NSC transplantation was significantly higher than that after medium transplantation (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that NSC transplantation has anti-apoptotic activity and can improve the neurological function; these effects are mediated by the up-regulation of @entity588 expression in the penumbra.

title: @entity1 neural stem cell transplantation attenuates apoptosis and improves neurological functions after XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: We report a case of spontaneous @entity4282 (SSEH) at the upper thoracic level which accompanied an @entity455 demonstrated by histological examination. A 62-year-old male was referred to our department, because of @entity615 , progressive paraparesis, and sensory disturbance below the dermatome of Th8. He had no history of a tendency to bleed, anticoagulant therapy, or @entity130 . There was no abnormality in the laboratory data. MRI revealed that an epidural mass at the level of dorsal T1 and T2 was compressing the spinal cord. Multilevel spondylotic change and thickened yellow ligament were also noted. Sixteen hours after the onset, we performed laminectomy at T1 and T2 and evacuated the @entity4282 . An unusual vascular-net like tissue was found on the dura mater after removal of the @entity1410 . Postoperatively, @entity16 disappeared within three weeks. Histological appearance of the vascular tissue was a cluster of vessels containing a dilated vein with partially thin wall due to lack of elastic and collagen fibers. In reviewing the literature, there are several reports describing @entity455 , such as @entity2477 and @entity7026 , as possible etiologies of SSEH. In the present case, long lasting compression of the posterior epidural venous plexus by the thick yellow ligament might have resulted in formation of an abnormal vein which ultimately caused @entity548 .

title: [Spontaneous XXXX : case report].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'epidural vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma', 'spinal epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['sudden onslaught of back pain']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous angioma']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['spinal epidural hematoma']