abstract: The use of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for the purpose of bone marrow transplant is an established procedure at many institutions. In our institution, the @entity348 monitor unit (MU) calculation starts with the calibration done at the same conditions of the treatment source-axis distance (SAD) = 350 cm for the field size of 40 x 40 cm at a depth of 10 cm). The dose rate in the central axis of the beam at this distance is measured in cGy/MU. A tissue phantom ratio table obtained in the condition of treatment together with off-axis factors is used in the MU calculation for each particular @entity1 . The treatment is done with the @entity1 lying on his/her back and the beam is delivered using right-to-left lateral beams. Due to different thickness' of the @entity1 , a lead compensator is built to compensate for the different parts of the body. Eighteen or 10-MV x-ray photons are used in the @entity348 treatment, and a 1-cm-thick lucite plate is placed near the @entity1 to increase the dose to the surface. In vivo dosimetry using diodes is done to verify the calculations. The Rando-Phantom was computed-tomography scanned from the head to the abdomen with 1-cm-thick slices covering 70 cm of the phantom. This simulated the @entity348 treatment and correlated the calculations done by the ADAC treatment planning system to film measurements at the pelvis and lung levels. These results agreed within 5% of the measured dose. The use of the upper arms to reduce the dose to the lungs and optimization of dose using special compensators has been studied using the treatment planning system. Use of the multileaf collimator to compensate the dose received by the @entity1 has been explored in this paper.

title: XXXX treatment planning using the ADAC pinnacle treatment planning system.

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation', 'TBI']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['TBI']


abstract: Cytological analyses of bladder washings from 974 @entity1 with disorders of the urinary tract are reported. The cytological findings were compared with the clinical and histological diagnoses. The histological grading of @entity150 was based on the classification proposed by Bergkvist et al. No false positive diagnosis of @entity5 was made in the 320 @entity1 without @entity5 growth. The five cases with positive cytology had histologically verified @entity189 in situ. The frequency of cytological diagnosis of @entity5 increased with the histological grade of @entity5 in the 428 @entity1 with @entity150 . @entity189 was graded in smears according mainly to the degree of epithelial atypia. A comparison with the histological grading was attempted. Of 226 cases of @entity150 treated with supervoltage irradiation, 108 had persistence or recurrence of @entity189 . The clinical diagnosis was cytologically confirmed in 92 per cent of these cases.

title: The role of exfoliative cytology in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder tumours', 'bladder neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: The effects of in vivo treatment with @entity172 and @entity1420 on @entity3044 -induced uterine relaxation and @entity10341 ( @entity10341 ) mRNA production in non-pregnant @entity35 myometrium were investigated. Whether homologous myometrial desensitization of @entity10341 function was dependent on or modulated by the two @entity230 was also examined. @entity172 treatment alone or in combination with @entity1420 reduced maximal relaxation (E(max)) of isolated uterine strips subsequently challenged with @entity3044 whereas @entity1420 alone had no effect on this parameter. The reduction was accompanied by an enhanced @entity10341 mRNA concentration. The concentration of @entity3044 giving half-maximal relaxing response (EC(50)) increased following @entity172 treatment and this effect was curbed by @entity1420 . @entity3044 had no effect on @entity10341 transcription irrespective of the @entity134 regimes employed. E(max) of isolated uterine strips was reduced following prolonged in vivo treatment with @entity3044 but the effect was found only when @entity172 alone was administered concomitantly. Finally, in vivo treatment with @entity3044 increased EC(50) of uterine strips subsequently stimulated with @entity3044 in vitro. This effect was independent of @entity134 treatment. We conclude that homologous desensitization of @entity10341 function in non-pregnant @entity35 myometrium in terms of sensitivity (EC(50)) is independent of sex @entity230 but in terms of maximal response (E(max)) occurs only in the presence of @entity172 . We speculate whether @entity1420 withdrawal in connection with the well-known @entity172 dominance at @entity35 parturition may strengthen the desensitization induced by @entity10341 activation and thus contribute to the transformation of the uterus from a quiescent to a highly contractile organ.

title: Desensitization of @entity10341 function in non-pregnant @entity35 myometrium is modulated by sex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: A 50-year-old Japanese @entity1 consulted the emergency department of our hospital for @entity548 due to an intractable postoperative wound on the lower abdomen; the postoperative wound was owing to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed 1 year previously for acute @entity2679 . She presented with a painful @entity1066 on her right lower abdomen. She also presented with multiple scars, skin grafts on the extremities, and a missing left lower leg, the causes for all of which were unexplained. The results of her blood test were normal, except for the hemoglobin level. Histology of the skin biopsy specimen from the @entity1066 did not show any specific findings. The previous surgeon who had performed the laparoscopic cholecystectomy revealed that surgical wound @entity6783 had occurred during her admission. After a body restraint had been applied, the @entity1066 improved. Medical records indicated that she had been admitted to the department of plastic surgery at our hospital for skin grafting of a leg @entity1066 . During that admission, she refused to consult with the department of psychiatry, al-though the staff suspected @entity146 . Therefore, we diagnosed her with @entity12901 . After vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy had been performed to prevent her from traumatizing the @entity1066 , it rapidly became granulated and reepithelialized. @entity12901 is characterized by feigning physical symptoms to seek attention. @entity1 self-inflict numerous lesions, keep getting admitted to different hospitals, and feign acute illness, usually spectacular diseases. VAC therapy may be effective for preventing @entity1 with @entity12901 from traumatizing their wounds.

title: Intractable Postoperative Wounds Caused by Self-Inflicted Trauma in a @entity1 with XXXX Presenting as a Pyoderma Gangrenosum-Like Lesion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer again']

entities_list: @entity12901 :: ('MESH:D009110', 'Disease') :: ['Munchausen syndrome', 'cutaneous Munchausen syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity12901 :: (MESH:D009110,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Munchausen Syndrome']


abstract: The treatment of @entity385 is one of the great challenges in modern neurology. The localization and the size of the @entity1188 determine the long-term disability of @entity64 survivors. Recent observations have revealed that @entity64 also alters the function of the immune system and vice versa: At the site of the @entity1188 , a local inflammatory response develops that enhances @entity75 development. In experimental @entity64 , proof-of-concept studies confirm that inhibition of this immune response reduces lesion volume and improves outcome. In the peripheral blood of @entity64 @entity1 , though, @entity2905 and monocyte dysfunction develop. These changes reflect a clinically relevant impairment of bacterial defense mechanisms because they are associated with an enhanced risk to acquire @entity64 . Stress hormones have been identified as important mediators of @entity64 -induced immune suppression. The pharmacological inhibition of beta adrenergic receptors, but not the inhibition of @entity230 , is effective in reducing @entity281 and improving clinical outcome in experimental @entity64 ; @entity2922 release therefore appears causally related to @entity64 -induced immune suppression. Strong evidence supports the hypothesis that these immune alterations impact the clinical course of @entity64 @entity1 . Thus, the development of new therapeutic strategies targeted to alter the immunological consequences of @entity64 appears promising. However, to date, the beneficial effects seen in experimental @entity64 have not been successfully translated into a clinical trial. This brief review summarizes the current understanding of the immunological consequences of @entity385 . Finally, we propose a concept that links the peripheral immune suppression with the development of @entity32 .

title: Immunological consequences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'post-stroke infections']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 is perceived a major cause of disability, including @entity426 . Looking for more effective methods of gait reeducation in post- @entity64 survivors is one of the most important issues in contemporary neurorehabilitation. OBJECTIVES: Following a @entity64 , @entity1 suffer from @entity426 . The aim of this paper is to present the outcomes of a study of post- @entity64 gait reeducation using the NeuroDevelopmental Treatment-Bobath (NDT-Bobath) method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was conducted among 60 adult @entity1 who had undergone @entity385 . These @entity1 were treated using the NDT-Bobath method. These @entity1 ' gait reeducation was assessed using spatio-temporal gait parameters (gait velocity, cadence and stride length). Measurements of these parameters were conducted by the same therapist twice: on admission, and after the tenth session of gait reeducation. RESULTS: Among the 60 @entity1 involved in the study, the results were as follows: in terms of gait velocity, recovery was observed in 39 cases (65%), in terms of cadence, recovery was observed in 39 cases (65%), in terms of stride length, recovery was observed in 50 cases (83.33%). CONCLUSIONS: Benefits were observed after short-term therapy, reflected by measurable statistically significant changes in the @entity1 ' gait parameters.

title: The value of the NDT-Bobath method in post- XXXX gait training.

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait disorders']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Rapid acquisition and analysis of information in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) setting is essential, even more so the documentation of the decision making process which has vital consequences for the lives of @entity1213 @entity1 . We describe an Ethernet based @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ) with clinical workstations (Macintosh fx, ci). Our @entity1 Archiving and Documentation System (PADS) represents a computerized @entity1 record presently used in a university hospitals' @entity1213 . Taking full advantage of the Macintosh based graphical user interface (GUI) our system enables nurses and doctors to perform the following tasks: admission, medical history taking, physical examination, generation of problem lists and follow up notes, access to laboratory data and reports, semiautomatic generation of a discharge summary including full word processor capabilities. Furthermore, the system offers rapid, consistent and complete automatic encoding of diagnoses following the @entity66 ( @entity66 ; WHO, [1]). For educational purposes the user can also view disease entities or complications related to the diagnoses she/he encoded. The system has links to other educational programs such as @entity299 . A MEDLINE literature search through a CD-ROM based system can be performed without exiting the system; also, CD-ROM based medical textbooks can be accessed as well. Commercially available Macintosh programs can be integrated in the system without existing the main program thus enabling users to customize their working environment. Additional options include automatic background monitoring of users learning behavior, analyses and graphical display of numerous epidemiological and health care related problems. Furthermore, we are in the process of integrating sound and digital video in our system. This system represents one in a line of modular departmental models which will eventually be integrated to form a decentralized Hospital Information System (HIS).

title: PADS ( @entity1 Archiving and Documentation System): a computerized XXXX record with educational aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'International Classification of Disease']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['LAN', 'local area network']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['Intensive Care Unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac auscultation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distal embolization of @entity715 may occur during and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for @entity1187 . This may lead to impaired microvascular perfusion, @entity583 and increased morbidity and mortality. In vitro studies suggest that high local concentrations of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor may be effective in disaggregating @entity715 and thereby prevent microvascular compromise. We hypothesized that intracoronary (IC) administration of eptifibatide during stent implantation for @entity1459 /non ST elevation @entity583 (UA/NSTEMI) would be safe and would lead to an acceptable rate of normal myocardial perfusion. METHODS: In 54 @entity1 with UA/NSTEMI, 2 boluses of 180 mcg/kg of eptifibatide each were administered via the IC route during PCI. Data were retrospectively collected and reviewed by an independent core laboratory. RESULTS: No adverse events including @entity943 occurred during IC administration of eptifibatide. There were no deaths or urgent revascularizations among @entity1 treated with IC eptifibatide. One @entity1 (2.0%) sustained a post-procedure @entity583 . One @entity1 sustained a TIMI major @entity548 event due to a @entity360 . There were no TIMI minor @entity548 events. Normal post PCI TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade was observed in 54% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: IC bolus administration of eptifibatide was feasible and safe among @entity1 with UA/NSTEMI. Larger prospective and randomized studies are warranted to further explore the efficacy of this strategy. Intracoronary @entity15684 administration during PCI for UA/NSTEMI is feasible and safe.

title: Intracoronary bolus administration of eptifibatide during percutaneous coronary stenting for non ST elevation @entity583 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity15684 :: ('MESH:C086648', 'Chemical') :: ['eptifibatide']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombotic debris']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleed']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and laparoscopic @entity195 (LHM) are the mainstays of therapy in idiopathic @entity1318 . Equipoise exists in choosing the first-line therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess comparative efficacies and adverse event rates of these methods. DESIGN: Intention-to-treat, fixed-model, Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials comparing @entity384 with LHM. SETTING: Randomized controlled trial comparing @entity384 versus LHM. @entity1 : @entity1 with newly diagnosed idiopathic @entity1318 . INTERVENTION: Comprehensive electronic and manual literature search from 1966 to March 2012 independently by two reviewers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Response rate, rate of different adverse events, and quality of life after each therapy. RESULTS: Three of 161 retrieved studies between 2007 and 2011, including 346 @entity1 , were included. At 1 year, the cumulative response rate was significantly higher with LHM (86% vs 76%, odds ratio 1.98 (confidence interval 1.14-3.45); P = .02), with no significant heterogeneity (P = .39; I(2) 0%). Rates of major mucosal tears requiring subsequent intervention with LHM were significantly lower than those of esophageal perforation with @entity384 requiring postprocedural medical or surgical therapy (0.6% and 4.8%, respectively; P = .04). Postprocedural rates of @entity354 , lower esophageal sphincter pressures, and quality of life scores did not differ in trials with sufficient data. Data on longer follow-up were not available. LIMITATIONS: Lack of data on follow-ups over 1 year and a small number of included studies. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that LHM may provide greater response rates as compared with graded @entity384 in the treatment of newly diagnosed idiopathic @entity1318 , with lesser rates of major adverse events, in up to 1 year after treatment, although additional data are needed to confirm the validity of this conclusion in long-term follow-up.

title: @entity195 versus pneumatic dilation in the treatment of idiopathic XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumatic dilation', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Heller's myotomy"]

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: Cardiac rate (CR) and systolic @entity551 ( @entity551 ) response to the intravenous injection of one, two, or three mg @entity1169 were recorded in 77 @entity1 with traumatic, neoplastic, or @entity932 and @entity7129 . In most @entity1 @entity591 occurred with no cause except the @entity1504 ; in the other @entity1 induction of general anaesthesia or surgical procedures on the brain appeared to have an initiating role. A central imbalance, with increased sympathetic cardiotropic influences is suggested and discussed. (I) First administrations of @entity1169 always reduced CR but had different effects on @entity551 from case to case; in all the @entity1 2.05 +/- 0.84 mg of drug lowered CR by 28 +/- 14/min (P less than 0.01), and @entity551 by 4.7 +/- 11 torr. CR decrease and @entity551 changes were without relation to the injected dose. Previous digitalization ( @entity39585 ) did not modify CR response to @entity1169 but reduced (P less than 0.05) its arterial @entity551 action. Positive correlations were found between basal CR and CR decrease (P less than 0.01), basal CR and @entity551 changes (P less than 0.01), CR decrease and @entity551 changes (P less than 0.05). @entity1508 appeared to potentiate CR response (P less than 0.01). (II) CR effect was less when the same dose of @entity1169 was repeated within 90 min (P less than or equal to 0.05). Usefulness and the mode of use of @entity1169 were critically evaluated.

title: @entity1169 in neurosurgical @entity1 with XXXX . Cardiovascular effects and mode of use.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['Halothane']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesion']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ABP', 'hypotensive', 'arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity39585 :: ('MESH:D003892', 'Chemical') :: ['desacetyllanatoside C']

answer: @entity7129 :: (MESH:D013616,Disease) :: ['sinus tachycardia']


abstract: A practical one-step high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of @entity3625 , @entity414 and @entity13579 in small (4 microL) microdialysis samples. The rationale for this work was the current interest in @entity3625 as a marker for energy perturbation in @entity519 / @entity63 , in @entity414 as an endogenous antioxidant, and in @entity13579 as a marker for in vivo formation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). The method is based on ion pairing reversed phase chromatography and UV detection. The coefficient of variance for within and between run imprecision was generally below 5%, somewhat higher for concentrations close to the detection limit (0.4-1.0 pmoles). Recoveries ranged from 89 to 102% and linearity was observed in the concentration range from 0.25 to 25.0 mmol/L. There was an excellent correlation between the present method and available reference methods. The method was applied to cerebral microdialysis samples from a @entity1 with severe @entity510 complicated by secondary @entity63 leading to @entity385 . The secondary @entity63 was associated with an increase of @entity3625 followed by increasing @entity13579 and @entity414 levels. We submit that this pattern of chemical changes indicates increased ROS formation produced by secondary @entity63 . The HPLC method appears to be a useful tool for studying changes of @entity3625 , @entity414 and @entity13579 levels in microdialysis samples.

title: @entity3625 , XXXX and @entity13579 as indicators of in vivo free radical reactions. Description of a HPLC method and @entity1 brain microdialysis data.

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity13579 :: ('MESH:D000481', 'Chemical') :: ['allantoin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the phenotype of @entity725 ( @entity725 ) in Brazilian families with mutation in exon 3 of @entity29714 / @entity29714 . METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity725 @entity1 with a positive family history and eighteen unrelated @entity1 with @entity725 were screened by automated DNA sequencing for mutations in exon 3 of the @entity29714 / @entity29714 gene. The pedigrees of @entity725 @entity1 with mutations that lead to @entity535 change were built. All available relatives of the index cases were also examined and genotyped by sequencing. RESULTS: Four sequence variants were identified in exon 3 of the @entity29714 / @entity29714 gene ( @entity37211 , @entity37212 , @entity37213 and @entity37214 ) from the 96 initially screened @entity1 . The @entity37213 mutation was previously described as a polymorphism and in our study did not segregate with @entity725 . The most prevalent mutation was @entity37214 , affecting 3 index cases (3.1% or 3/96). In two different families, 8/56 subjects presented @entity37214 mutation and had @entity725 , 5/56 had @entity2790 and 8/56 had no disease manifestation. @entity725 @entity1 had a median age at diagnosis of 43.25 yr (17-58 yr) and intraocular pressure (IOP) with a mean of 36.3 +/- 3.8mmHg for the right eye and 37.6 +/- 9.75 mmHg for the left eye. The group of @entity1 with @entity37214 mutation had significantly higher IOP (p<0.0007) and vertical cup/disc ratio when compared to the @entity1 without mutation (p<0.023). CONCLUSIONS: @entity37214 mutation in exon 3 of the @entity29714 / @entity29714 gene is related to juvenile-onset @entity725 (J- @entity725 ) in Brazilian families and autosomal dominant inheritance. The phenotype of this mutation is characterized by varied ages at diagnosis, causing J- @entity725 and late-onset @entity725 , associated with high IOP.

title: Correlation between genotype and phenotype in primary open angle glaucoma of Brazilian families with mutations in exon 3 of the XXXX / @entity29714 gene.

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity37211 :: ('p|SUB|Y|347|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Tyr347Tyr']

entities_list: @entity37214 :: ('p|SUB|C|433|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Cys433Arg']

entities_list: @entity37213 :: ('p|SUB|K|398|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys398Arg']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity37212 :: ('p|SUB|P|370|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro370Pro']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity29714 :: (4653,Gene) :: ['TIGR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A substantial proportion of @entity1 with @entity65 use dietary supplements in anticipation of benefit. This also poses risks of adverse events from supplement-drug interactions and nonadherence associated with polypharmacy. OBJECTIVES: For supplements commonly used by @entity1 with @entity65 , we examined benefits, harms, and effects on cardiovascular drug pharmacokinetics of coadministration of dietary supplements with cardiovascular drugs. We also sought evidence regarding variability among subgroups, and of statistical interactions between supplements and drugs. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE(  ), Embase, the Cochrane Library, International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements (IBIDS), and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), as well as gray literature, from inception to September 2011. STUDY SELECTION: Following a predefined protocol, two reviewers included experimental and observational studies comparing a supplement plus cardiovascular drug versus drug alone published in English or German; other languages were excluded due to concerns with study quality and applicability. DATA EXTRACTION: One reviewer extracted data into a standardized electronic form, assessed study risk of bias, graded the strength of the body of evidence, and reported its applicability. Study risk of bias and strength of evidence regarding gradable outcomes were independently verified, as was a random 10 percent subset of all data. DATA SYNTHESIS: Sixty-seven randomized controlled trials, two controlled clinical trials, and one observational study contributed evidence of limited validity in highly selected populations. Evidence was insufficient for all gradable clinical efficacy and harms outcomes (e.g., mortality, @entity715 events, serious adverse events) because there were few, small studies per supplement. One pragmatic trial in @entity1 showed no benefit from coadministering @entity270 with @entity117 on a composite cardiovascular outcome. Evidence for most intermediate outcomes of efficacy was insufficient or of low strength and suggested no effect. Notable findings were incremental improvement of triglyceridemia with @entity4599 supplementation, stabilization of international normalized ratio with @entity2067 added to @entity1229 therapy, and improved high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) with added garlic. Clinically nonsignificant or otherwise inconclusive changes were noted for pharmacokinetic outcomes. LIMITATIONS: The evidence base principally consisted of underpowered short-term studies in selected populations, generally with moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Limitations of the evidence base precluded meaningful conclusions across most supplement-drug combinations. Low-strength evidence indicates benefits of @entity9539 , @entity2067 , and garlic coadministration on specific intermediate outcomes. Evidence regarding harms was inconclusive. Care providers and researchers should query supplement use to improve care and to facilitate research regarding drug-supplement interactions.

title: Dietary Supplements in Adults Taking XXXX

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4599 :: ('CHEBI:25681', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Drugs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 mortality rates in the Appalachian population of southeastern Kentucky have been shown to be unusually high. To better understand the high cervical @entity5 death rate in this area, we developed a population-based cervical disease registry. PURPOSE: This study describes the incidence of @entity3799 , @entity2735 , and @entity3 in 1986 and 1987 among White @entity1 in a 36-county area of Appalachian Kentucky based on histologic diagnoses. METHODS: We compared average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for @entity2735 and @entity3 in the study area with those for @entity1 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. RESULTS: The incidence rate of @entity3 for @entity1 in the study area (14.9 per 100,000) was nearly twice that for White @entity1 in the SEER population (7.8 per 100,000), but it was similar to that for Black @entity1 in the SEER population (15.3 per 100,000). The incidence of @entity2735 for @entity1 in the study population (38.2 per 100,000) was 21% higher than that for White @entity1 (31.5 per 100,000) or for Black @entity1 (31.2 per 100,000) in the SEER population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate for all grades of @entity1141 among @entity1 in the study population was 194.6 per 100,000. No comparable population-based incidence rates for @entity1141 could be identified. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 incidence rates are higher in Appalachian Kentucky than in the SEER population. Poverty appears to be a factor associated with these rates. IMPLICATIONS: Low-density populations such as those in rural Appalachia deserve greater attention in @entity5 control research. The population-based @entity3799 rates reported here may be useful for comparisons in future investigations.

title: Incidence of XXXX and carcinoma of the uterine cervix in an Appalachian population.

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic bilateral self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement in a stent-in-stent method for @entity5 is technically challenging. Technical difficulties in the initial placement and reinterventions for stent occlusion are disadvantages inherent to this stent-in-stent method. We previously reported the feasibility of Niti-S @entity152 ( @entity12541 ). This multicenter prospective consecutive study evaluated the efficacy of bilateral SEMS placement using modified @entity12541 with large and uniform cells, a slimmer delivery system and high radial force. @entity1 AND METHODS: From July 2010 to June 2011, 26 consecutive @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 underwent endoscopic bilateral placement of modified @entity12541 in a stent-in-stent method at three tertiary hospitals. Ten @entity1 had @entity1086 , eight had @entity201 , four had lymph node @entity3 , two had @entity1419 , and two had liver @entity3 . RESULTS: Single-session and final technical success rate was 96% and 100%, respectively. Functional success rate was 89%. @entity432 occurred in 11 @entity1 (42%) because of sludge (n   =   7) or @entity5 ingrowth (n   =   4). Endoscopic bilateral reintervention was technically easy and successful: six @entity1 had stent clearance by balloon sweeping and five had plastic stent placement. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, median survival and stent patency were 220 days and 157 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Modified @entity12541 achieved a high technical success rate both in the initial stent-in-stent placement and in bilateral reinterventions in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: High single-session success rate of endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement with modified large cell Niti-S stents for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant hilar biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell D-type biliary stents']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Stent occlusion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant hilar biliary obstruction']


abstract: Significant data suggest that overt @entity4854 , either observed with or without a prior diagnosis of @entity6 , contributes to an increase in mortality and morbidity in hospitalized @entity1 . In this regard, goal-directed @entity2690 therapy has remained as the standard of care for achieving and maintaining glycemic control in hospitalized @entity1 with critical and @entity221 . As such, protocols to assist in the management of @entity4854 in the inpatient setting have become commonplace in hospital settings. Clearly, @entity2690 is a known entity, has been in clinical use for almost a century, and is effective. However, there are limitations to its use. Based on the observed mechanisms of action and efficacy, there has been a great interest in using incretin-based therapy with @entity5445 ( @entity8142 agonists instead of, or complementary to, an @entity2690 -based approach to improve glycemic control in hospitalized, severely ill @entity6 @entity1 . To provide an understanding of both sides of the argument, we provide a discussion of this topic as part of this two-part point-counterpoint narrative. In this point narrative as presented below, @entity14211 . Schwartz and DeFronzo provide an opinion that now is the time to consider @entity8142 agonists as a logical consideration for inpatient glycemic control. It is important to note the recommendations they propose under "incretin-based approach" with these agents represent their opinion for use and, as they point out, well-designed prospective studies comparing these agents with @entity2690 will be required to establish their efficacy and safety. In the counterpoint narrative following @entity14211 . Schwartz and DeFronzo's contribution, @entity14211 . Umpierrez and Korytkowski provide a defense of @entity2690 in the inpatient setting as the unquestioned gold standard for glycemic management in hospitalized settings.

title: Is incretin-based therapy ready for the care of hospitalized XXXX with type 2 @entity6 ?: The time has come for @entity8142 agonists!

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['GLP-1 receptor', 'GLP-1) receptor']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['noncritical illness']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The "penumbra sign" on unenhanced T1-weighted MR sequences is thought to be helpful for discriminating @entity4034 from @entity3478 . We sought to quantify the sensitivity and specificity of this sign for @entity9244 in a general referral population. DESIGN: Clinical coding was used to identify @entity1 admitted to Middlemore Hospital (Auckland, New Zealand) between January 2000 and November 2003 with a diagnosis of either @entity281 of the upper or lower limb who had undergone an MRI scan. One hundred and eighty-three @entity1 were included in the study. Fifty-seven @entity1 had @entity9244 . One hundred and twenty-six had a bone or soft tissue @entity5 . Relevant unenhanced T1-weighted images were selected for each @entity1 , randomised and placed in a folder on the Hospital PACS system. Four reviewers were shown the original article describing the penumbra sign and then asked to look at the images in the folder stating whether the penumbra sign was present or absent. RESULTS: The average specificity and sensitivity of the penumbra sign for @entity85 was 96% (range 94-99%) and 27% (range 21-34%) respectively. Interobserver reliability was moderate to good with an average kappa score of 0.57 (range 0.50-0.62). For isolated soft tissue @entity281 there was a higher sensitivity (54%, 33-83%) but with similar specificity (98%, 96-100%) and interobserver reliability (0.47, 0.33-0.58). Of the 11 out of 57 (19%) true positive penumbra signs identified by a consensus of three or more of the observers, all were subacute, chronic or acute on @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: The penumbra sign has a high specificity for @entity85 . This is also true for isolated soft tissue @entity281 . The penumbra sign is helpful in differentiating @entity5 from @entity281 and its presence in the setting of a high pretest probability is useful in making a diagnosis of @entity281 .

title: The "penumbra sign" on T1-weighted MRI for differentiating XXXX from @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['subacute osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection or neoplasm', 'infection', 'chronic infections']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal infection']

entities_list: @entity9244 :: ('MESH:D018461', 'Disease') :: ['bone or soft tissue infection', 'bone and soft tissue infection']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic elevations in @entity15630 suppress the fibrinolytic pathway leading to poor collagen remodelling and delayed regeneration of tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in type-1 @entity6 Akita @entity19 . However, how @entity1413 was specifically attenuating regeneration in Akita @entity19 remained unknown. Furthermore, given intrinsic differences between muscle groups, it was unclear if the reparative responses between muscle groups were different. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we reveal that @entity6 Akita muscles display differential regenerative responses with the TA and gastrocnemius muscles exhibiting reduced regenerating myofiber area compared to wild-type @entity19 , while soleus muscles displayed no difference between animal groups following injury. Collagen levels in TA and gastrocnemius, but not soleus, were significantly increased @entity130 versus controls. At 5 days @entity130 , when degenerating/ @entity39 regions were present in both animal groups, Akita TA and gastrocnemius muscles displayed reduced macrophage and satellite cell infiltration and poor myofiber formation. By 10 days @entity130 , @entity39 regions were absent in wild-type TA but persisted in Akita TA. In contrast, Akita soleus exhibited no impairment in any of these measures compared to wild-type soleus. In an effort to define how @entity1413 was attenuating regeneration in Akita TA, a @entity15630 inhibitor ( @entity42421 ) was orally administered to Akita @entity19 following cardiotoxin injury. @entity42421 administration promoted macrophage and satellite cell infiltration into @entity39 areas of the TA and gastrocnemius. Importantly, soleus muscles exhibit the highest inducible expression of @entity1235 following injury, providing a mechanism for normative collagen degradation and injury recovery in this muscle despite systemically elevated @entity15630 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the mechanism underlying how @entity1413 in type-1 @entity6 results in delayed regeneration is an impairment in macrophage infiltration and satellite cell recruitment to degenerating areas; a phenomena that occurs differentially between muscle groups.

title: Impaired macrophage and satellite cell infiltration occurs in a muscle-specific @entity130 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['impaired collagen remodelling', 'impaired collagen turnover']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic skeletal muscle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This phase I study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of @entity3003 with a fixed dose of @entity136 without growth factor or hematopoietic precursor support. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were treated at three dose levels. Initially, the @entity136 dose was 1000 mg/m(2) given on days 1 and 8. Of the first five @entity1 treated with @entity3003 AUC 4, three experienced dose limiting @entity137 (DLT). The study was, therefore, amended to decrease the dose of @entity136 to 800 mg/m(2) given on days 1 and 8 in a 21-day cycle. RESULTS: Dose limiting @entity137 ( @entity1398 and @entity882 ) were seen at dose level 2A ( @entity3003 AUC=5). Thus, no further dose escalation was performed. Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 were seen as follows: @entity1431 in five of 18 (28%); @entity1398 , four of 18 (22%); and @entity882 , four of 18 (22%) evaluable @entity1 . Grade 3 or 4 @entity417 occurred in one of 18 (6%) @entity1 and no @entity221 or treatment related mortality was observed. Partial responses were seen in six @entity1 and one @entity1 with evaluable disease had an objective response. The overall response rate was 37% (seven of 19). Six other @entity1 had stable disease. A total of 89 courses were administered with a median of five courses per @entity1 (range: two to six courses). The median time to progression for all @entity1 was 3.7 months. The median overall survival was 7.4 months with four @entity1 still alive (median follow up 13.5 months). The survival at 6 months and 1 year is 64 and 23%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in this group of @entity1 was defined as @entity3003 AUC 4 when administered with @entity136 800 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day schedule.

title: Phase I study of @entity136 and XXXX in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thymic irradiation (TI) or repeated administration of T cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies ( @entity12705 mAbs) is required in a previously described non-myeloablative regimen allowing allogeneic marrow engraftment with stable mixed chimerism and tolerance. As both treatments might be associated with @entity137 in the clinical setting, we evaluated whether T-cell costimulatory blockade could be used to replace them. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 received depleting anti- @entity1961 and anti-CD8 mAbs on day -5, 3 Gy whole body irradiation (day 0), and 15x10(6) fully MHC-mismatched, B10.A bone marrow cells. In addition, hosts were injected with an anti- @entity4458 mAb (day 0) and/or CTLA4Ig (day +2). Chimerism in peripheral blood was followed by flow cytometric ( @entity10062 ) analysis, and tolerance was assessed by skin grafting, and also by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assays. The frequency of certain Vbeta families was determined by @entity10062 to assess deletion of donor-reactive T cells. RESULTS: Chimerism was transient and tolerance was not present in animals receiving @entity12705 mAbs on day -5 without costimulatory blockade. The addition of anti- @entity4458 and CTLA4Ig, alone or in combination, reliably permitted induction of high levels of stable (>6 months) multi-lineage chimerism, with specific tolerance to skin grafts and donor antigens by MLR and CML assays. Long-term chimeras showed deletion of donor-reactive @entity1961 + peripheral blood lymphocytes, splenocytes, and mature thymocytes. Administration of @entity12705 mAbs only 1 day before bone marrow transplantation plus anti- @entity4458 also allowed induction of permanent chimerism and tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: One injection of anti- @entity4458 or CTLA4Ig overcomes the need for TI or prolonged host @entity12705 in a preclinical model for the induction of mixed chimerism and deletional tolerance and thus further decreases the @entity137 of this protocol. Achievement of tolerance with conditioning given over 24 hr suggests applicability to cadaveric organ transplantation.

title: Anti- XXXX or CTLA4Ig obviates the need for thymic irradiation in a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen for the induction of mixed hematopoietic chimerism and tolerance.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity4458 :: (21947(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD154']


abstract: @entity121 are a common consequence of @entity165 -lowering therapy. Transverse tubular (T-tubular) vacuolations occur in @entity1 having statin-associated @entity121 and, to a lesser extent, in statin-treated @entity1 without @entity121 . We have investigated quantitative changes in T-tubular morphology and looked for early indicators of T-tubular membrane repair in skeletal muscle biopsy samples from @entity1 receiving @entity165 -lowering therapy who do not have @entity121 side effects. Gene expression and protein levels of incipient membrane repair proteins were monitored in @entity1 who tolerated statin treatment without @entity121 and in statin-naive subjects. In addition, morphometry of the T-tubular system was performed. Only the gene expression for @entity216 was up-regulated, whereas the expression of other repair genes remained unchanged. However, @entity216 and @entity29729 protein levels were significantly increased. In statin-treated @entity1 , the volume fraction of the T-tubular system was significantly increased, but the volume fraction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum remained unchanged. A complex surface structure in combination with high mechanical loads makes skeletal muscle plasma membranes susceptible to injury. @entity141 -dependent membrane repair proteins such as @entity29729 and @entity216 are deployed at T-tubular sites. The up-regulation of @entity216 gene expression and protein points to this protein as a biomarker for T-tubular repair.

title: XXXX is a biomarker of T-tubular repair in skeletal muscle of nonmyopathic @entity1 undergoing statin therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Skeletal muscle complaints', 'myopathic', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity216 :: (301,Gene) :: ['Annexin A1']


abstract: Activation of the resident macrophage populations of the reticuloendothelial system is a key component of the complex pathophysiology of @entity295 . Macrophage activation leads to production and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, vasoactive substances, free radicals, and chemokines, which have been associated with high morbidity and mortality in the septic @entity1 . The goal of the present study was to determine whether antioxidants could suppress Kupffer cell activation at points beyond the initiation of activation. Kupffer cells were studied since they are central to the clearance of bacteria and endotoxins, and have been associated with @entity409 in @entity295 . Cells were activated with 10 ng/ml @entity558 for various times whereupon @entity898 (30 mM) and @entity1881 (50 microM) were added. Steady state levels of cytokine mRNA, activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, and @entity1505 secretion were determined when expression was maximal in control cells. The results of this study show that antioxidants can be used to suppress Kupffer cell activation at points beyond the initiation of activation. Furthermore, we show that @entity898 -mediated inhibition of activation requires secondary protein synthesis, but does not modulate @entity24317 mRNA expression. The inhibitory effect of these drugs occurs at the very earliest steps of the @entity558 signal transduction cascade as it is currently understood. The results of the present study suggest that the inflammatory response to @entity295 may be controlled through appropriate antioxidant therapy.

title: @entity898 and XXXX reverse the inflammatory response in activated rat Kupffer cells.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

answer: @entity1881 :: (MESH:D024502,Chemical) :: ['alpha-tocopherol']


abstract: AIM: To systematically evaluate the existing evidence to answer the focused question: For a @entity1 with a single tooth to be replaced, is the implant crown, based on economic considerations, preferred to a conventional fixed partial denture? MATERIAL AND METHODS: PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane-Central and Embase databases were searched using an extended list of search terms related to economics, which were then combined with the terms "prosthodontics" and "dental implant." RESULTS: The combined search for the "economic terms" and "prosthodontics" revealed 904 titles. The combination with "dental implants" revealed 2039 titles. Based on the abstracts, 73 full text publications were evaluated and data comparing outcomes with @entity27339 and implant crowns were retrieved from 26 publications. Initial costs for single implant crowns and @entity27339 on teeth were similar, but varied between tariff systems. The conditions of neighboring teeth and of the alveolar ridge defined the complexity (costs) of the treatment. Failure rates reported with single implant crowns and @entity27339 on teeth were similar. The long-term financial economic comparison showed a similar outcome for single implant crowns and @entity27339 . CONCLUSION: Other factors than costs and survival rates such as @entity1 or provider reported factors may be more decisive when choosing between implant crowns and @entity27339 on teeth. The utility for the @entity1 to keep healthy adjacent teeth unprepared makes the implant crown more economic.

title: Implants versus short-span fixed bridges: survival, complications, XXXX ' benefits. A systematic review on economic aspects.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uterine @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ) and @entity1478 ( @entity1478 ) are rare, aggressive @entity5 . Both are treated similarly; however, few chemotherapy agents are effective. Recently, the combination of @entity136 (900 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8) plus @entity1205 (100 mg/m(2), day 8) with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 , 150  g/m(2), days 9-15) has been shown to have activity in @entity1822 . In Japan, neither prophylactic @entity1261 at a dose of 150  g/m(2) nor @entity1205 at a dose of 100 mg/m(2) are approved for use. For this reason, we evaluated the combination of 900 mg/m(2) @entity136 plus 70 mg/m(2) @entity1205 regimen without prophylactic @entity1261 support in advanced or recurrent @entity1822 and @entity1478 in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: Eligible @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity1822 and @entity1478 were treated with 900 mg/m(2) @entity136 on days 1 and 8, plus 70 mg/m(2) @entity1205 on day 8, every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall response rate, defined as a complete or partial response. RESULTS: Of the eleven @entity1 enrolled, 10 were evaluated for a response. One complete response and 2 partial responses were observed (30 %) with an additional 4 (40 %) having stable disease. Mean progression-free survival was 5.4 months (range 1.3-24.8 months), and overall survival was 14 months (range 5.3-38.4 months). Grade 4 @entity1398 was the major @entity137 (50 %). The median number of cycles was 5 (range 2-18). Twenty-two cycles (44 %) employed @entity1261 . CONCLUSION: The @entity136 plus @entity1205 regimen without prophylactic @entity1261 support was tolerable and highly efficacious in Japanese @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity1822 and @entity1478 .

title: Feasibility study of XXXX plus @entity1205 in advanced or recurrent uterine @entity1822 and @entity1478 in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'LMS']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['UES', 'undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: A brief discussion of the manifestations of limbic lobe discharge as opposed to discharge in neocortical temporal lobe structures is given. The opinion is expressed that, apart from certain characteristic limbic auras, the manifestations of @entity6110 are those of inactivation of brain stem mechanisms subserving consciousness. A brief discussion of other manifestations of inactivation of brain stem mechanisms subserving various other functions, as seen in other clinical patterns of @entity302 discharge, follows. @entity131 is put forth as the cause rather than the result of @entity410 in both the juvenile and the adult age groups. It is proposed that limbic lobe structures have a low threshold for initiating @entity302 discharge when injured, are predisposed to @entity130 to discharge which has preferential access to brain stem structures. It is stated that petit mal absences and @entity1155 attacks are clinically indistinguishable. The further opinion is expressed that the 3 per second wave and spike EEG pattern associated with petit mal is an epiphenomenon dependent upon the maturational stage of development of the brain at the time when the causative lesion responsible for @entity302 is acquired. The view that the 3 per second wave and spike pattern is a direct correlate of the clinical manifestations of @entity302 , in those @entity1 who show this pattern, is challenged. It is concluded that the pattern is the result of rostral brain stem discharge acting upon the cortex. The view is offered that two factors are necessary for the development of @entity302 : (1) an adequate pathological basis in the form of a @entity75 and (2) a greater or lesser predisposition toward inadequate biochemical mechanisms tending to check or control the spread of @entity410 discharge, the latter being in all probability at least partially genetically determined. It is concluded that triggering cortical foci exist in nearly all cases of @entity302 , though the participation of brain stem structures is essential to explain many of the clinical and EEG manifestations of the attack.

title: The distinction between absence petit mal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesion']

entities_list: @entity6110 :: ('MESH:D017029', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and give rise']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['psychomotor seizures']


abstract: A questionnaire-based follow-up study of 150 Finnish @entity1 with @entity3459 was conducted to evaluate the changes in clinical manifestation of the disease, @entity158 intensity, functional disability and @entity1 's health-related quality of life, occurring during a 3-year period. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the MOS-36 health survey. The clinical severity of the disease manifestation was estimated using the frequency of @entity548 episodes into joints and soft tissue during the previous 12 months. Severity of musculoskeletal morbidity, which reflects simultaneous presence of @entity158 and disability, was estimated using intensity of @entity158 and level of disability. Results showed that clinical severity of the disease remained unchanged during the 3-year period for the majority of @entity1 . Nonetheless, the annual number of @entity548 in @entity1 with severe or moderately severe @entity447 was still disconcertingly high and the number of @entity548 episodes into soft tissue had increased. The clinical severity of the disease manifestation, rather than the severity of the disease based on molecular classification, was a factor that negatively influenced the intensity of @entity158 (both acute and chronic), as well as level of disability. Severity of musculoskeletal morbidity at time 1 and changes in severity of musculoskeletal morbidity over time were found to be significant predictors of physical role, bodily @entity158 , vitality and social functioning. In conclusion, the disease can be relatively well controlled by the availability of coagulation products, thus stabilizing the clinical severity of the disease manifestation during the 3-year period studied. The findings stress the importance of preventing @entity548 to avoid resulting permanent @entity73 and disability.

title: Clinical severity of disease, functional disability and health-related quality of life. Three-year follow-up study of 150 Finnish @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['joint impairment']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorders']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['coagulation disorders']


abstract: POU domain transcription factors have two separate helix-turn-helix DNA-binding subdomains, the POU homeodomain (POUhd) and the POU-specific domain (POUs). Each subdomain recognizes a specific subsite of 4 or 5 bp in the octamer recognition sequence. The @entity20170 POU subdomains are connected by a 23 @entity535 unstructured linker region. To investigate the requirements for the linker and its role in DNA recognition, we constructed POU domains in which the subdomains are connected with linkers varying in length between 2 and 37 @entity1522 . Binding to the natural octamer site required a minimal linker length of between 10 and 14 @entity1522 . A POU domain with an eight @entity535 linker, however, had a high affinity for a site in which the POUs recognition sequence was inverted. Computer modelling shows that inversion of the POUs subdomain shortens the distance between the subdomains sufficiently to enable an eight @entity535 linker to bridge the distance. DNase I footprinting as well as mutation of the POUs-binding site confirms the inverted orientation of the POUs domain. Switching of the POUs and POUhd subdomains and separation by 3 bp leads to a large distance which could only be bridged effectively by a long 37 @entity535 linker. In addition to linker length, mutation of a conserved @entity2227 residue in the linker affected binding. As shown by surface plasmon resonance measurements, this was caused by a decrease in the on-rate. Our data indicate that there are both length and sequence requirements in the linker region which allow flexibility leading to selective binding to differently spaced and oriented subsites.

title: Linker length and composition influence the flexibility of XXXX DNA binding.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity20170 :: (5451,Gene) :: ['Oct-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1007 is a major risk factor for @entity65 and requires continuous management. The role of primary physicians in this regard is important, yet the factors associated with successful lipid lowering treatments in primary clinics have not been clearly identified. We aimed to evaluate the rate of successful @entity1007 treatment in Korean primary care, and to identify the factors associated with achieving low density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) targets. METHODS: We prospectively recruited and retrospectively assessed 1851 Korean @entity1 with @entity1007 who visited family physicians and were prescribed @entity8671 for the first time. @entity11429 lowering targets, defined according to NCEP ATP III guidelines, were evaluated at 6 months after the first prescription. The factors associated with achieving these targets were also assessed. RESULTS: Overall, 87.6% of our @entity1 attained their @entity11429 goals. In multiple logistic regression analysis, good adherence to medication was strongly associated with the achievement of target @entity11429 levels, whereas higher cardiovascular risk factors including @entity6 (in both sexes), low high density lipoprotein, and current smoking status (in males), and @entity101 (in females) were related to @entity11429 target level failures. CONCLUSION: Our observations of the short period for @entity1007 in Korean primary care has revealed that the rate of achieving target @entity11429 levels was high in these @entity1 , whereas @entity1 at higher risk for @entity65 tended to have lower @entity11429 achievement outcomes. Primary care physicians should pay more attention to @entity1 showing higher cardiovascular risk and stress the need for good adherence and management regimens in these individuals.

title: Achieving recommended low density lipoprotein @entity165 goals and the factors associated with target achievement of @entity1007 @entity1 with XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8671 :: (MESH:C422923,Chemical) :: ['rosuvastatin']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drop characteristics of newer @entity726 medicines compared to @entity6839 solution and @entity6839 gel forming solution (Timoptic-XE, Merck). We evaluated latanoprost 0.005% (2.5 ml bottle), @entity16495 0.2%, @entity19526 0.5%, @entity15438 2%, @entity6839 solution 0.5% (5 and 10 ml bottles), and @entity6839 gel forming solution 0.5% (5 ml bottle) in 14 @entity1 with primary @entity1538 or @entity2790 . Each @entity1 placed 10 drops onto an analytical scale (one drop every 10 seconds) for all ten preparations. @entity1 then attempted to instill 10 drops of a tear replacement solution into their ocular cul-de-sac. Medication bottles were weighed before and after @entity1 dispensed from the bottle and then after the bottle was emptied. Weights were converted to volume using the density of the medicine. A statistical difference existed between groups for mean drop volume with latanoprost having the smallest drop volume (.0273 +/- .004 ml) (P<0.005). All manufacturers filled correctly or overfilled their bottles with product and had <10% of medicine wasted. @entity1 instilled 77.9% of the tear solution correctly. When dosed according to labeling, latanoprost had the lowest cost of therapy at  0.87 daily compared to the other newly released medications (range  1.05 to  1.40). Latanoprost was more expensive, however, than @entity6839 solution or gel (range  0.45 to  0.54 per day). Latanoprost therapy is less expensive per day than @entity15438 , @entity16495 or @entity19526 , but more expensive than @entity6839 . Cost per day could be further reduced by limiting medicine wastage upon instillation, however.

title: Daily cost of newer XXXX agents.

entities_list: @entity19526 :: ('MESH:C016986', 'Chemical') :: ['apraclonidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity6839 :: ('MESH:D013999', 'Chemical') :: ['timolol maleate', 'timolol']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['brimonidine']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity177 and @entity454 ( @entity454 ) has remained high worldwide and the epidemiology has changed significantly in the last decade in industrialised countries. While there have been significant improvements in these @entity1 's outcomes in developed countries, their state and survival is still appalling in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical pattern, presentation and management outcomes in our @entity454 population over a 19-year period (1989-2007). METHODS: Seven hundred and sixty @entity1 ' records were reviewed. Data on major causes, clinical presentation, management and survival were retrieved and collated. Data was analysed using SPSS package version 16. RESULTS: Their ages ranged between 15-90 years (mean    SD; 39.9  1.67years) with male preponderance (70.3%). Major presenting complaints were body swelling and uraemic symptoms in most studied @entity1 . The predisposing conditions included chronic @entity631 , @entity101 , @entity3551 and @entity6 . Renal replacement therapy offered included @entity2033 in 556(73.2%), Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) in only 9(1.2%) @entity1 and renal transplantation in only 7(0.9%). Only 38(6.8%) survived on @entity2033 for longer than three months while 7(77.8%) CAPD @entity1 and all transplanted @entity1 survived for between six months and four years (p<0.00001). Median duration of survival after diagnosis for all the @entity1 was 2 weeks (range 0-50 months). CONCLUSION: End stage @entity8 is still prevalent with chronic @entity631 and @entity101 being the common causes. Prognosis is still grave hence subsidized renal replacement therapy and preventive nephrology should be targeted in such underserved populations.

title: The pattern, clinical characteristics and outcome of XXXX in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: is there a change in trend?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End Stage Renal Disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) is sometimes administered to nonbleeding preterm neonates who are judged to be at risk for @entity548 because they have @entity854 tests. The benefits/risks of this practice are not well defined. One limitation to progress is lack of reference intervals for the common coagulation tests, thus limiting precision about whether coagulation tests are indeed abnormal. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a sequential observational study, fetal blood was drawn at preterm birth ( <= 34 weeks) from the umbilical vein near the placenta. @entity2002 , prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, platelet (PLT) count, and mean PLT volume were measured. Reference intervals were constructed using 5th and 95th percentile values. Associations were then sought between @entity854 values at birth and @entity548 problems identified during the first week. RESULTS: Coagulation tests were drawn at 175 preterm deliveries and the results were organized into reference intervals by gestational age. No @entity854 value, either alone or in combination, predicted @entity548 (intraventricular, gastrointestinal, or pulmonary) during the first week. However, @entity2002 exceeding the 95th percentile was associated with evidence of in utero @entity32 (correlations with elevated @entity1851 , p<0.01, and elevated immature to total neutrophil ratio, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity854 values at preterm birth do not predict @entity548 during the first week. This suggests to us that @entity548 in the days after preterm birth is not generally the result of in @entity1003 . These findings bring into question the value of coagulation screening of nonbleeding preterm @entity1 and prophylactic FFP administration to those with abnormal values.

title: Reference intervals for common coagulation tests of preterm XXXX (CME).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infection/inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['utero coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal coagulation', 'abnormal coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: A 60-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital on January 29, 1991 with dry cough, shortness of breath on exertion, @entity1277 and abnormal shadows on chest X-ray. Chest X-ray on admission showed marked vascular shadows in both lung fields accompanied by @entity1143 . Chest CT showed thickening of vessels and bronchial walls with prominent interlobular septa in the subpleural regions. These findings suggested that the lesions were located in the peribronchial and perivascular interstitium and interlobular septa. Biopsy specimens of bronchial epithelium, lung tissue and right supraclavicular lymph nodes revealed @entity4153 (intermediate cell type). Because of the absence of lesions in other organs, the initial diagnosis was @entity151 . However, the mild symptoms, normal arterial blood gas and good response to chemotherapy suggested the possibility of extensive @entity4153 of longitudinal spread type. Although small cell @entity2 is not a rare disease, this case suggests two possibilities. 1) @entity4153 may have different symptoms, clinical course and prognosis from that of @entity4153 . 2) @entity4153 may not be a clinical entity and in fact may simply represent extensive @entity4153 of longitudinal spread type.

title: [A case of small cell XXXX with carcinomatous lymphangiosis-like shadow].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['left interlobar effusion']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'Carcinomatous lymphangiosis of small cell carcinoma', 'non-small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous lymphangiosis of small cell carcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: In the present study, the activity and side effects of high-dose @entity2592 ( @entity2033 - @entity2592 ) in combination with @entity2664 (mitox) ( @entity3498 ) was evaluated in 32 heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity978 . Therapy consisted of @entity2033 - @entity2592 3 g/m2 every 12 hours days 1 and 2 and mitox 10 mg/m2/d days 3 to 5. In subsequent steps, @entity2033 - @entity2592 was escalated to six and eight doses for 3 and 4 days, respectively, and mitox to four doses on days 2 to 5. Thirty-two @entity1 17 to 55 years of age entered the study. Twenty-five cases presented with @entity66 and disseminated organ involvement and 21 revealed systemic (B) symptoms. Eighteen @entity1 (56%) responded with five complete and 13 partial remissions, ten @entity1 (31%) had refractory disease, and four @entity1 died from @entity281 during treatment-induced @entity1503 . The predominant @entity137 was severe myelosuppression in all @entity1 with major @entity281 occurring during 55% of treatment courses. Ten of the responding 18 @entity1 underwent subsequent autologous (n = 9) or allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). Seven of these cases are currently alive at 5+ to 22+ months, six of them without evidence of disease. Among the remaining eight @entity1 not receiving BMT, three are alive at 6+ to 19+ months from the initiation of @entity3498 , two of them in ongoing remissions of 2+ and 5+ months' duration. Two @entity1 died from transplant-related complications and six @entity1 succumbed to @entity74 following relapse. The median survival for all treated @entity1 is 6.2 months. These data indicate that @entity3498 has a significant activity in @entity978 . However, the substantial side effects and the lack of an obvious superiority to alternative, less intensive regimens limits the further application of the two-drug combination in its present form. Modifications in timing and dosage and the addition of hematopoietic growth factors will be evaluated in subsequent trials.

title: Treatment of @entity978 with high-dose @entity2592 and XXXX in combination. Results of a clinical phase II study of the German Hodgkin Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal disease']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'Ara-C']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["refractory Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is common in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), especially those with @entity712 and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, there is limited data on risk stratification in these @entity1 . METHODS: Baseline clinical and hemodynamic variables of 339 @entity1 with World Health Organization (WHO) Group 2 @entity120 , 90% of whom had HFpEF, were studied to derive a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. A simplified prognostic risk score was created based on the outcome of all-cause mortality. Nine predictors, significant after stepwise multivariable regression (p < 0.05), were used to create the risk score. Components of the risk score were functional class, diastolic blood pressure, pulmonary artery saturation, @entity401 , @entity551 on initial presentation, right @entity123 , diffusion capacity of the lung for @entity1223 , and 2 serum @entity1011 variables ( <= 0.9 mg/dl and >=  1.4 mg/dl). RESULTS: Overall 2-year survival was 73.8%    2.4% in the derivation cohort, and 87.5%    2.3%, 66.4%    4.9%, and 24.4%    6.7% for risk scores of 0 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5+, respectively (p < 0.0001 for the trend), with a C-index of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.81). The risk score was validated in 2 independent @entity120 -HFpEF cohorts: 179 @entity1 with a C-index of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.55-0.80) and 117 @entity1 with a C-index of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53-0.83). For the 3 cohorts combined (N = 635), the overall C-index was 0.72 (95% CI 0.68-0.76). In all 3 cohorts individually and in the 3 cohorts combined, the risk score predicted @entity204 (hazard ratio, 1.4-1.6; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Several clinical factors independently predict @entity204 in @entity120 -HFpEF confirmed by validation. A novel risk score composed of these factors can be used to determine prognosis and may be useful in making therapeutic decisions.

title: Risk assessment in pulmonary hypertension associated with XXXX and preserved ejection fraction.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: At present, there are few therapeutic options in @entity1 with chronic @entity1944 . @entity2390 , a long-acting @entity1943 analog, has recently been shown to be a potentially useful drug in this setting, being able to start @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) in the small bowel in both healthy subjects and @entity1 with @entity1944 . We studied the effects of @entity2390 on manometric variables in 10 @entity1 with chronic @entity344 and an intrinsic @entity1109 of the small intestine. Gastrointestinal manometry was carried out for 6 hr during fasting and 2 hr after a standard 605-kcal mixed meal. Thereafter @entity2390 , 50 micrograms subcutaneously was administered and the recording session continued for a further hour. Analysis of the tracings during fasting showed that 44% of the @entity3457 were abnormal; @entity2390 significantly increased the hourly number of @entity3457 (2 +/- 0.26 vs 0.67 +/- 0.14, P < 0.0001) and their duration (8.33 +/- 1.3 vs 6.12 +/- 0.34 min, P < 0.05) with respect to the baseline (fasting) period, and the propagation velocity also significantly slowed (3.4 +/- 0.4 vs 11 +/- 0.6 cm/min, P < 0.05). After the drug, 80% of @entity1 displayed two @entity3457 and 10% more than two @entity3457 ; the first @entity3457 after @entity2390 was always abnormally propagated. An almost complete inhibition of small bowel postprandial contractile activity was observed in 80% of @entity1 , and the remaining 20% showed decreases. In three subjects, @entity2390 injection evoked the appearance of pylorospasm. From these results we conclude that @entity2390 could be of some benefit in @entity1 with @entity1109 of the small bowel, although it remains to be established whether it is most useful in @entity1 with more severe conditions, characterized by the complete absence of @entity3457 . The appearance of pylorospasm may contribute to the delayed gastric emptying observed after the drug is administered.

title: Effects of @entity2390 on manometric variables in XXXX with @entity1109 of the small bowel.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal motor disorders', 'intestinal dysmotilities']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic disorders', 'neuropathic disorder']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'activity fronts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This randomized prospective study compared the outcome of circular hemorrhoidectomy according to the Hospital Leopold Bellan (HLB) technique (Paris) with Longo stapled circumferential mucosectomy (LSCM) in two homogeneous groups of @entity1 affected by circular fourth-degree @entity33 . METHODS: From December 1996 to December 1999, 80 consecutive @entity1 with fourth-degree @entity33 were randomly assigned to two groups. Forty @entity1 (group A: 18 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 , mean age 50.5 years, range 21 to 82) underwent HLB hemorrhoidectomy, and 40 @entity1 (group B: 15 @entity1 , 25 @entity1 , mean age 51.0 years, range 29 to 92) underwent LSCM. Before surgery, all @entity1 were selected with a standard questionnaire for symptom evaluation, full proctological examination, flexible rectosigmoidoscopy, dynamic defecography, and anorectal manometry. No significant differences among the two groups were found. All @entity1 were controlled with follow-up questionnaire and with clinical examination at 1, 2, 4, 12, and 54 weeks after the operation. A postoperative manometry was performed 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: The length of the operation was significantly lower in group B (25 +/- 3.1 SD versus 50 +/- 5.3 minutes, P <0.001). Mean hospital stay was 3 +/- 0.4 days in group A and 2 +/- 0.5 days in group B (P <0.01). Mean duration of inability to work was 8 +/- 0.9 days in group B and 15 +/- 1.4 days in group A (P <0.001). @entity282 was significantly lower in group B (P <0.001). Mean length of follow-up was 20 +/- 8.0 months in group A and 20 +/- 7.8 months in group B. Late complications were similar in the two groups, with 0%, at present, recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that both operations are safe, easy to perform, and effective in the treatment of advanced @entity33 . However, the LSCM seems to be preferable owing to the fewer @entity260 , easier postoperative management, and shorter time to return to work. A longer follow-up is required to confirm the true efficacy of this surgical method.

title: Randomised controlled trial between stapled circumferential mucosectomy and conventional circular hemorrhoidectomy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids with external mucosal prolapse', 'hemorrhoids and external mucosal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoids with external mucosal prolapse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hyperdense lesions can frequently be observed on the CT obtained immediately after intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis, and it is sometimes difficult to differentiate contrast extravasation from the @entity548 . The purposes of this study are to classify the @entity75 according to their morphologic features and to track the outcome of those lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the 94 @entity1 who suffered with anterior circulation @entity385 and who were treated with IA thrombolysis, 31 @entity1 revealed @entity75 on the CT obtained immediately after the procedure. The lesions were categorized into four types according to their volume, shape, location and density: cortical @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ), soft @entity2101 , metallic @entity2101 and diffuse @entity2101 . The follow-up images were obtained 3-5 days later in order to visualize the morphologic changes and @entity548 of the lesions. RESULTS: Among the 31 @entity1 with @entity9680 , 18 (58%) showed @entity548 , and six of them were significant. All the cortical @entity9680 (n = 4) revealed spontaneous resolution. Seven of the soft @entity9680 (n = 13) showed spontaneous resolution, while the rest of the group showed @entity548 . Among them the @entity548 was significant in only two @entity1 (2/6) who did not achieve successful recanalization. All the metallic @entity9680 (n = 10) resulted in @entity548 ; among them, three cases (30%) with a maximum CT value more than 150 HU (Hounsfield unit) subsequently showed significant @entity548 on the follow-up CT. There were four diffuse @entity9680 , and two of them showed @entity548 . CONCLUSION: The parenchymal @entity75 observed on the CT obtained immediately after IA thrombolysis in @entity385 @entity1 exhibited varying features and they were not always @entity548 . Most of the soft @entity9680 were benign, and although all of the metallic @entity9680 were @entity548 , some of them were ultimately found to be benign.

title: The fate of high-density lesions on the non-contrast CT obtained immediately after intra-arterial thrombolysis in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhagic transformation', 'hemorrhagic lesions', 'hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic transformation of their lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdense lesions']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['HD lesions']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high density', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity463 multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive @entity75 , is characterized by extensive cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and single-cell infiltration into the brain. We have previously shown that a xenograft model based on serial xenotransplantation of @entity1 biopsy spheroids in @entity465 rodents maintains the genotype and phenotype of the original @entity1 @entity5 . The present work further extends this model for optical assessment of @entity5 engraftment and growth using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). A method for successful lentiviral transduction of the firefly luciferase gene into multicellular spheroids was developed and implemented to generate optically active @entity1 @entity5 cells. Luciferase-expressing spheroids were injected into the brains of @entity465 @entity19 . BLI photon counts and @entity5 volumes from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were correlated. Luciferase-expressing @entity5 recapitulated the histopathologic hallmarks of @entity1 GBMs and showed proliferation rates and microvessel density counts similar to those of wild-type xenografts. Moreover, we detected widespread invasion of luciferase-positive @entity5 cells in the @entity19 brains. Herein we describe a novel optically active model of GBM that closely mimics @entity1 pathology with respect to invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation indices. The model may thus be routinely used for the assessment of novel anti-GBM therapeutic approaches implementing well-established and cost-effective optical imaging strategies.

title: In vivo bioluminescence imaging validation of a @entity1 biopsy-derived orthotopic @entity19 model of XXXX multiforme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: We report here the preliminary results of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for 6 cases of severe @entity2150 . The @entity1 ranged in age from 3 to 16 years, and the median time from diagnosis to transplantation was 32 months (range: 3-156 months). The conditioning regimens consisted of @entity3118 , @entity786 , and antithymocyte globulin with or without @entity1863 . @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was prevented by the administration of @entity205 , @entity1499 , and @entity618 , with or without anti- @entity2902 monoclonal antibody. The grafts were granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized bone marrow and peripheral blood from HLA antigen-haploidentical donors (3 cases) or peripheral blood only from unrelated HLA antigen-identical donors (3 cases). MSCs were intravenously injected at a median dose of 1.43   10(6)/kg (range: 0.85-2.5   10(6)/kg). The mean time for neutrophil and platelet recovery was 12.3 and 13.8 days, respectively. Acute @entity2132 grade I and II developed in 2 cases, and no chronic @entity2132 was documented. All @entity1 were alive and transfusion independent at a median follow-up of 15 months (range: 6-29 months). Our report suggests that cotransplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells and MSCs might provide an opportunity for therapy for @entity1 with severe @entity2150 .

title: Cotransplantation of allogeneic mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells in XXXX with @entity2150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shoulder scanning in the diagnosis of @entity85 following obstetric @entity2685 (OBPI). Eighty-nine @entity1 (ages 0.4 to 17.9 years) with OBPI who have medial rotation contracture and reduced passive and active lateral rotation of the shoulder were evaluated via upright MRI of the affected glenohumeral joint. Qualitative impressions of glenoid form were recorded, and quantitative measurements were made of glenoid version and posterior subluxation. Glenoid version of the affected shoulder averaged -16.8 +/- 11.0 degrees (range, -55 degrees to 1 degrees ), and percentage of the humeral head anterior to the glenoid fossa (PHHA) averaged 32.6 +/- 16.5% (range, -17.8% to 52.4%). The glenoid form was normal in 43 @entity1 , convex in 19 @entity1 and biconcave in 27 @entity1 . Standard MRI protocols were used to obtain bilateral images from 14 of these @entity1 . Among the @entity1 with bilateral MR images, glenoid version and PHHA were significantly different between the involved and uninvolved shoulders (P<.000). Glenoid version in the involved shoulder averaged -19.0 +/- 13.1 degrees (range, -52 degrees to -3 degrees ), and @entity37641 averaged 29.7 +/- 18.4% (range, -16.2% to 48.7%). In the uninvolved shoulder, the average glenoid version and PHHA were -5.2 +/- 3.7 degrees (range, -12 degrees to -1 degrees ) and 47.7 +/- 3.0% (range, 43% to 54%), respectively. The relative beneficial aspects of upright MRI include lack of need for sedation, low claustrophobic potential and, most important, natural, gravity-influenced position, enabling the surgeon to visualize the true preoperative picture of the shoulder. It is an effective tool for demonstrating @entity854 resulting from @entity2685 worthy of surgical exploration.

title: Upright MRI of glenohumeral dysplasia following obstetric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral deformity']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injury']