abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a reliable cell source for tissue regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the directed differentiation of MSCs remain unclear; thus, their use is limited. Here, we investigate @entity10750 function in the osteogenic differentiation potentials of MSCs using stem cells from @entity661 (SCAPs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The @entity10750 gene is highly expressed in BMSCs compared with dental tissue-derived MSCs. We found that, in vitro, over-expression of @entity10750 in SCAPs enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. @entity10750 over-expression affected the mRNA expression of @entity17652 ( @entity17652 ), collagen alpha-2(I) chain ( @entity24421 ), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and @entity2450 ( @entity2450 ), led to the expression of the key transcription factor, runt-related transcription factor 2 ( @entity2447 ), and promoted @entity55699 osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The knock-down of @entity10750 inhibited ALP activity, mineralization, and the expression of ON, BSP, @entity24421 , @entity2450 , and @entity2447 in BMSCs in vitro. In addition, transplant experiments in @entity19 confirmed that @entity55699 osteogenesis was triggered when @entity10750 was activated. Furthermore, Over-expression of @entity10750 significantly increased the levels of @entity10750 associated with the BSP promoter by ChIP assays. Taken together, these results indicate that @entity10750 enhances @entity55699 osteogenic differentiation by up-regulating @entity2447 and directly activating transcript of BSP. Thus, the activation of @entity10750 signaling might improve tissue regeneration mediated by MSCs. These results provide insight into the mechanism underlying the directed differentiation of MSCs.

title: Homeobox B7 promotes the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells by activating XXXX and transcript of BSP.

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['apical papilla']

answer: @entity2447 :: (12393(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['RUNX2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors influencing the abortion interval (AI) for medical termination of second-trimester pregnancy using @entity396 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 who were admitted for second-trimester pregnancy termination between January 2008 and August 2013 were reviewed. Those who received either 200   g or 400   g of priming vaginal @entity396 , followed by 200   g of @entity396 orally at 6-hour intervals were enrolled. RESULTS: In a total of 101 @entity1 , delivery occurred within 24 hours of commencement in 62 @entity1 (61%) and within 48 hours in 84 @entity1 (83%), and the median AI was 16.5 hours. One @entity1 (1%) failed to deliver. The remaining 100 fetuses were delivered successfully, and the median AI was 16.3 hours. Higher parity [hazard ratio (HR)  =  1.28, p  =  0.04], the presence of @entity5617 (HR  =  2.66, p  =  0.003), and the presence of premature preterm @entity397 (HR  =  4.51, p  =  0.003) were associated with shorter AI. Additionally, all @entity1 with premature preterm @entity397 delivered successfully within 12 hours; higher parity (odds ratio  =  2.12, p  =  0.01) and lower fetal birth body weight (odds ratio  =  0.992, p  =  0.01) were associated with successful delivery within 12 hours. There was no significant difference in AI in the groups that received different doses of priming vaginal @entity396 (200   g vs. 400   g). CONCLUSION: Higher parity, @entity5617 , and preterm premature @entity397 were associated with shorter AI. The regimen of 200   g oral @entity396 at 6-hour intervals following a 200   g or 400   g priming vaginal dose is feasible and efficacious for second trimester pregnancy termination.

title: Factors influencing the abortion interval of second trimester pregnancy termination using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal demise']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 726 Introduction: This phase-I study prospectively analysed the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2101 , @entity8 and subsequent immunotherapy with T-cell reinfusion in chemotherapy-sensitive @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After leukapheresis and cryopreservation of T-cells, @entity1 received 2 cycles of standard chemotherapy ET ( @entity1259 / @entity1311 ) and 1 cycle of EI ( @entity1259 / @entity1260 ) followed by @entity1261 and stem cell harvest. After a third cycle of ET, responders (CR/PR) underwent @entity2101 (thiotepa 600 mg/m(2)/melphalan 140-180 mg/m(2)) and @entity8 . Once hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved, T-cells were reinfused followed by application of bispecific antibodies against @entity1722 and @entity5960 . RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were recruited on study, and nineteen pts who had responded to initial standard chemotherapy (4 CR, 15 PR, OR = 58%) underwent @entity2101 and @entity8 . Subsequently, another 6 @entity1 achieved a CR after @entity2101 resulting in an overall CR rate of 10/33 pts (30%). Two early deaths were observed (one toxic, one @entity1726 ). T-cell reinfusion and bispecific antibodies were given to 17 @entity1 . The main side effects during @entity2101 were severe (grade 3 / 4) hematotoxicity, @entity33 , @entity344 . Elevated liver enzymes (grade 2 / 3) were seen in all @entity1 . The intravenous application of bispecific antibodies resulted in intermittent @entity221 and chills. Within a follow-up period of 54.7 to 79.1 months, all @entity1 relapsed, and two @entity1 are still alive. The median progression-free survival was 10.6 months (range: 2.1-31.2) and the median overall survival was 22.7 months (range: 1.8-79.1+). CONCLUSION: Despite a high complete remission rate and despite a novel immunotherapeutic approach including bispecific antibodies and T-cell reinfusion, @entity2101 and subsequent @entity8 failed to induce a major improvement of survival in chemosensitive @entity1 with @entity0 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity2101 ( XXXX ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) with subsequent immunotherapy in @entity0 ( @entity0 ): Final results of a phase I stud.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['MBC', 'metastatic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity2101 :: (MESH:C538394,Disease) :: ['HDCT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results from small randomised trials on @entity440 in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) are conflicting. We studied whether the addition of @entity440 to best supportive care prolongs survival of @entity1 with @entity157 . METHODS: @entity1 with any stage of @entity157 were eligible, irrespective of locoregional treatment. Randomisation was centralised, with a minimisation procedure accounting for centre, evidence of disease, and time from diagnosis. @entity1 were randomly allocated best supportive care alone or in addition to @entity440 . @entity440 was given orally, 40 mg per day, from randomisation until @entity204 . RESULTS: 496 @entity1 from 30 institutions were randomly allocated treatment from January, 1995, to January, 1997. Information was available for 477 @entity1 . By Sept 15, 1997, 119 (50%) of 240 and 130 (55%) of 237 @entity1 had died in the control and @entity440 arms, respectively. Median survival was 16 months and 15 months (p=0.54), respectively. No differences were found within subgroups defined by prognostic variables. Relative hazard of @entity204 for @entity1 receiving @entity440 was 1.07 (95% CI 0.83-1.39). INTERPRETATION: Our findings show that @entity440 is not effective in prolonging survival of @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: XXXX in treatment of @entity157 : a randomised controlled trial. CLIP Group (Cancer of the Liver Italian Programme)

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: To determine the role of cell proliferation and apoptosis in uterine @entity2909 growth, we studied protein expression of two major regulatory proteins of apoptosis -- @entity588 (anti-apoptotic) and @entity589 (pro-apoptotic) -- and two endogenous markers of cell replication - @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) and Ki-67 - in @entity5 and matched myometrium from premenopausal @entity1 . Conventional mitotic indices also were determined, and all proliferation data were correlated to @entity5 size. In situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA and routine histology were used to assess apoptosis. Our results showed that the apoptosis-regulating proteins ( @entity588 and @entity589 ) were expressed in the cytoplasm of the @entity2909 and myometrial smooth muscle cells throughout the menstrual cycle. @entity589 expression differed from @entity588 in that it also was found in the cytoplasm of vascular smooth muscle cells of the myometria and @entity5 . Both @entity5 and myometrial samples expressed 26-kDa and 21-kDa proteins that reacted with antibodies directed towards @entity588 and @entity589 , respectively. Apoptosis was not a prominent feature of uterine @entity2909 or myometrium. @entity1364 - and Ki-67-labeling and mitotic counts were significantly ( P<0.05) higher in @entity2909 than in matched myometrial samples. Proliferative activity was variable for individual @entity5 of the same @entity1 and independent of @entity5 size. Our results suggest that altered apoptosis by overexpression of @entity588 or by decreased expression of @entity589 does not appear to be a major factor in uterine @entity2909 growth. We conclude that increased cell proliferation is the most significant contributor to growth and that the proliferative state is autonomous for each @entity5 in a given @entity1 and is independent of @entity5 size.

title: Cell proliferation and apoptosis in XXXX uterine @entity2909 and myometria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: @entity31 and @entity30 are two important chronic @entity29 ( @entity29 ) characterized by prominent intestinal @entity32 . Probiotics are the bacteria that promote the host health by its immunomodulatory activity. The present study investigated the correlation between in vitro adhesion and immunomodulatory properties, and to assess the therapeutic potential of @entity1335 231 (BIF 231), a new strain of probiotic in @entity31 in @entity35 . METHODS: In vitro adhesion assays and immunomodulatory effect of BIF 231 on interleukins ( @entity3426 and @entity13358 ) in IEC-6 cell lines were quantified by gram staining, scanning electron microscopy and q-PCR respectively. @entity1960 was induced by intra-rectal instillation of @entity1959 . @entity1960 was evaluated by alterations in colon gross morphology, histologically and biochemically. Colonic @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) and @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) mRNA and protein expression were assessed by q-PCR, ELISA and western blot. RESULTS: BIF 231 showed better adhesion and immunomodulation by up-regulating @entity13358 levels in IEC-6 cell lines. In vivo studies with treatment of BIF 231 (1.4*10(11) CFU/ @entity35 /day) revealed anti-inflammatory effects both macroscopically and histologically. BIF 231 lowered TBARS, @entity842 and augmented @entity6172 levels. BIF 231 treatment to colitic @entity35 down regulated @entity3426 levels with concurrent increase in @entity13358 levels. CONCLUSIONS: BIF 231 exerted beneficial in vitro adhesion and immunomodulatory properties which facilitated the recovery of the damaged tissue in TNBS-induced @entity1960 .

title: Immunomodulatory effects of XXXX 231 on @entity1959 -induced @entity31 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'Colitis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1335 :: ('1681', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium bifidum']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1335 :: (1681,Species) :: ['Bifidobacterium bifidum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in @entity1 is characterized by rapid progression and a high incidence of @entity454 and therefore constitutes an important health problem. While unbiased genetic screens have identified common risk variants influencing renal function and @entity740 in adults, the presence and identity of such variants in pediatric @entity740 are unknown. METHODS: The international Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression (PediGFR) Consortium comprises three pediatric @entity740 cohorts: @entity740 in @entity1 (CKiD), Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on the Progression of @entity37253 in Pediatric @entity1 (ESCAPE) and @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity740 (4C). Clean genotype data from >10 million genotyped or imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available for 1136 @entity1 with measurements of serum @entity1011 at study enrolment. Genome-wide association studies were conducted to relate the SNPs to @entity1011 -based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcrea) and @entity644 (urinary albumin- or protein-to- @entity1011 ratio >= 300 and >= 500 mg/g, respectively). In addition, European-ancestry PediGFR @entity1 (cases) were compared with 1347 European-ancestry @entity1 without @entity8 (controls) to identify genetic variants associated with the presence of @entity740 . RESULTS: SNPs with suggestive association P-values <1*10(-5) were identified in 10 regions for eGFRcrea, four regions for @entity644 and six regions for @entity740 including some plausible biological candidates. No SNP was associated at genome-wide significance (P < 5*10(-8)). Investigation of the candidate genes for @entity644 in adults from the general population provided support for a region on chromosome 15 near @entity67313 / @entity67314 / @entity14910 . Conversely, targeted investigation of genes harboring GFR-associated variants in adults from the general population did not reveal significantly associated SNPs in @entity1 with @entity740 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that larger collaborative efforts will be needed to draw reliable conclusions about the presence and identity of common variants associated with @entity470 , @entity644 and @entity740 in pediatric populations.

title: Genetic loci associated with XXXX in @entity1 : the Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD', 'Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal function measures and chronic kidney disease']


abstract: RATIONALE: The risk of @entity1 developing a @entity0 ( @entity0 ) after receiving chest radiotherapy for @entity5 and @entity978 is well established. The aim of this study was to assess these @entity1 ' clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes. METHODS: The study concerns @entity1 with a history of primary @entity5 treated with chest irradiation  chemotherapy and subsequently diagnosed with @entity0 . RESULTS: We identified 78 @entity1 who developed @entity0 (invasive in 68 cases, 87%). They were a median 18 and 38years of age when their first @entity5 and @entity0 were diagnosed, respectively. Breast-conserving surgery was performed in 39 @entity1 , and 32 underwent breast irradiation. Twenty of the 41 @entity1 (49%) treated with chemotherapy received an @entity5948 -containing regimen. The 5- and 11-year event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 69% and 42%, respectively. Nine @entity1 (12%) developed a third @entity5 and 18 (23%) a cardiovascular event. Of the 68 @entity1 with invasive @entity0 , the first event involved contralateral @entity0 in 55% of cases: @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) rates were 70% and 47% at 5 and 11years. The 5- and 11-year @entity0 -specific survival rates (BCSS) were 84% and 68%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Judging from our experience, survival rates after @entity0 developing in @entity1 previously given chest radiotherapy are not dissimilar to those observed in other @entity1 with primary @entity0 . Given the far from negligible risk of subsequent @entity5 and @entity65 , it is mandatory to discuss the best choice of treatment for such @entity1 in terms of their chances of cure and quality of life, and also the risks of late sequelae.

title: Management of XXXX after @entity978 and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to find the incidence of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) secondary to @entity281 and to observe the clinical, biochemical, radiological profile, and outcomes in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 consecutive @entity1 of @entity697 were evaluated for @entity281 using scrub typhus immunoglobulin M enzyme linked immuno-sorbant assay positivity along with the presence or absence of an eschar. Clinical profile, routine laboratory tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and neuroimaging were analyzed. @entity1 were treated with @entity3403 and followed-up. RESULTS: Among 20 consecutive @entity1 with @entity697 , 6 (30%) were due to @entity281 . They presented with acute onset @entity221 , altered sensorium, @entity410 . Eschar was seen in 50% of @entity1 . CSF done in two of them was similar to consistent with @entity1393 . Magnetic resonance imaging brain revealed @entity2657 , bright lesions in the putamen and the thalamus on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. Renal involvement was seen in all @entity1 . All @entity1 responded well to oral @entity3403 . CONCLUSION: @entity697 is not an uncommon @entity16 following @entity9556 . It should be suspected in all @entity1 with @entity221 , altered sensorium, and renal involvement. Oral @entity3403 should be started as early as possible for better outcomes.

title: Acute encephalitis syndrome following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute encephalitis syndrome', 'AES']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity9556 :: ('MESH:D012612', 'Disease') :: ['scrub typhus infection']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological presentation']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['scrub infection']

entities_list: @entity1393 :: ('MESH:D008587', 'Disease') :: ['viral meningitis']

answer: @entity9556 :: (MESH:D012612,Disease) :: ['scrub typhus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the steady increase of substance-dependent pregnant @entity1 the @entity6767 has become an increasingly important issue in neonatology. The present study investigates site-specific differences of detailed symptoms and treatment of @entity6767 within the context of an international multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: Site specific neonatal data analyses from a prospective randomized, double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial (MOTHER study) was performed. A standardized NAS rating and treatment protocol was applied, while non-pharmacological care of NAS symptoms differed across the sites. RESULTS: Urban US neonates exhibited most neurological symptoms (p<0.001) while in Europe autonomous, @entity344 were found significantly more often compared to urban and/or rural US (p<0.05). @entity284 produced significantly greater scores than @entity4783 in neurological, behavioural and respiratory symptoms regardless of the sites (ps<0.05). NAS treatment rates in all site clusters were similar for @entity284 -exposed neonates, while in Europe significantly more @entity4783 -exposed neonates were treated (p=0.001) than in US site clusters. Urban US neonates had significantly higher NAS scores (p<0.01) compared to rural US and European neonates, and needed significantly higher @entity1286 doses (p<0.05) with longer treatment duration. Birth weight, length and head circumference did not differ significantly among the site clusters, but APGAR scores were significantly higher in European (p<0.01) neonates. CONCLUSION: In addition to intrauterine medication exposure other aspects such as different addiction severity of the mothers, different treatment modalities including rooming-in as well as the frequency of NAS ratings may be influencing the course of NAS.

title: XXXX in European and North American neonates: differences in clinical characteristics derived from a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity6767 :: ('MESH:D009357', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal abstinence syndrome']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone', 'methadone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity6767 :: (MESH:D009357,Disease) :: ['Neonatal abstinence syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2184 disseminates preferentially to the liver. The mechanism for this homing is largely unknown, but growth factors synthesized in the liver may be involved. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible relationship between cell surface receptors for two such growth factors: the @entity1916 proto-oncogene, which constitutes the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor ( @entity18942 /SF), and the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ). Their role as a prognostic factor was also clarified. METHODS: @entity982 -embedded @entity5 specimens from 132 @entity1 with primary @entity2184 were analyzed by using well-established specific antibodies against @entity1916 and @entity2856 . The intercorrelation of receptor expression and association with @entity320 -related survival of @entity1 were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Whereas the expression of both @entity2856 and @entity1916 was significantly associated with @entity320 -specific mortality by univariate analysis (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively) only @entity2856 showed independent prognostic value by multivariate analysis, p = 0.004. The prognostic value of @entity2856 was stronger than such currently used prognostic parameters as @entity5 cell type and @entity5 diameter (p = 0.021 and p = 0.026, respectively). The expression patterns of the two growth factors receptors were weakly intercorrelated. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the data suggest that the receptors for @entity442 and @entity18942 /SF may play a role in the spread of @entity2184 and its affinity to the liver. The strong correlation between @entity2856 expression and @entity320 -specific mortality points to the use of @entity2856 as a prognostic tool [Economou MA, All-Ericsson C, Bykov V, Girnita L, Bartolazzi A, Larsson O _ Seregard S (2005): Receptors for the liver synthesized growth factors @entity442 and @entity18942 /SF in @entity2184 : intercorrelation and prognostic implications.

title: Receptors for the liver synthesized growth factors @entity442 and @entity18942 /SF in XXXX : intercorrelation and prognostic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['Uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2856 :: ('3480', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1R', 'insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Serum IgG, IgE and IgM have been shown to enhance the primary antibody responses upon exposure to the soluble antigens recognized by those antibodies. However, how IgA affects these responses remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of intravenously administered monoclonal IgA on the immune responses in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: DBA/1J @entity19 were immunized with @entity10328 in the presence or absence of anti- @entity10328 monoclonal IgA. The @entity630 and @entity61 immune responses to @entity10328 and the @entity2021 induced by re-exposure to @entity10328 were measured. RESULTS: IgA complexed with antigen attenuated the primary antibody responses to the antigen in @entity19 , in contrast to @entity10986 and IgE. The primary antibody responses, i.e. the de novo synthesis of anti- @entity10328 @entity9749 , @entity9686 and IgE in the serum, and the subsequent @entity2021 induced with re-exposure to @entity10328 were reduced by the co-injection of anti- @entity10328 monoclonal IgA at @entity10328 immunization. The @entity630 , @entity61 and @entity9752 cytokines interferon-y, @entity58 and @entity1618 , respectively, released from @entity10328 -restimulated cultured splenocytes collected from allergic @entity19 were also reduced by the treatment. The induction of interferon-y and @entity58 secretion by splenocytes from @entity10328 -immunized @entity19 stimulated in vitro with @entity10328 was also significantly reduced by the antigen complexed with anti- @entity10328 IgA. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the direct inhibition of @entity630 and @entity61 activation by anti- @entity10328 monoclonal IgA participates in the inhibition of the primary antibody responses. IgA plays important immunosuppressive roles under physiological and pathological conditions and is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of @entity1200 .

title: Intravenous IgA complexed with antigen reduces primary antibody response to the antigen and @entity2021 upon antigen re-exposure by inhibiting @entity630 and XXXX activation in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorders']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th2']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To examine the symptoms of @entity356 and the time scale of management delays in a country without a mass screening program. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective review of 44 @entity1 with @entity356 . RESULTS: @entity158 (63.3%) and @entity360 (27.3%) were the main symptoms found. Total delay was made up of @entity1 delay (48.6%), doctor delay (25.5%) and treatment delay (25.9%). Median @entity1 delay (from symptom onset to medical consult) was 30 days (inter-quartile range 2 to 365). @entity1 delay of more than 6 months was associated with @entity1 aged 50 and younger (P = 0.04) and those presenting with @entity158 (P = 0.05). Median doctor delay (consult to diagnosis) was 21 days (1 to 35) and median treatment delay (diagnosis to surgery) was 8 days (2 to 21). Doctor delay of more than 6 months was associated with a negative gastroscopy or barium meal in the previous 12 months (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The detection of @entity356 at the symptomatic-detectable stage is possible and this potential window for diagnosis can be more than 1 year for up to one third of cases. Efforts to reduce management delays should be aimed at public education and improving the quality and accessibility of endoscopic evaluation.

title: Management delays for XXXX in a country without mass screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['early gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Epigastric pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['early gastric cancer']


abstract: The authors present the results of treatment of 2 cases of @entity81 chondromyxoides in @entity1 . In Polish orthopaedic literature only 2 other cases have been presented. The first case--a 13-year-old @entity1 --was referred to our centre because of a recurrent @entity5 in the 1st metatarsal bone and surrounding soft tissues. The @entity1 had received treatment 3 years earlier outside our centre, where curettage of the @entity5 was performed. The bone cavity was then filled with bone grafts. The @entity5 was removed again and autogenous bone grafts were applied. On follow-up 7 years after surgery no recurrence was noted, along with full remodelling of the bone grafts. The second case was a 9-year-old @entity1 . The @entity5 was localised in the proximal phalanx of the thumb. During curettage and application of autogenous bone grafts for the tibia, transplantation of the @entity5 site occurred to the donor site. Two years after surgery @entity5 recurrence was observed. A re-operation was performed, with complete resection of the basal phalanx, with a fibular graft implantation. The @entity5 in the tibia was also removed. Two and a half years after surgery both @entity5 sites remain free of signs of recurrence.

title: [Fibroma chondromyxoides in two XXXX --a case study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Signal transduction mediated by @entity470 /HER receptor @entity669 kinases is crucial for the development and maintenance of epithelial tissues, and aberrant signaling is frequently associated with @entity5 of epithelial origin. This review focuses on the roles played by the @entity4041 chaperone machinery in the regulation of signaling through the @entity470 /HER network, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies that disrupt chaperone functions. @entity4041 and its associated cochaperones regulate @entity470 signal transduction through multiple mechanisms. The chaperone system controls the stability of the nascent forms of both @entity470 ) and @entity1722 / @entity1722 , while regulation of the mature form is restricted to @entity1722 . Regulation by the @entity4041 complex extends to downstream effectors of @entity470 signaling, namely @entity10242 , @entity18774 and @entity584 . Disrupting the function of @entity4041 results in the degradation of both the receptors and their effectors, thereby inhibiting @entity5 cell growth. The importance of an @entity4041 -recognition motif located within the kinase domain of @entity1722 is discussed, as well as a direct role for @entity4041 in regulating @entity669 kinase activity. In light of recent observations, we emphasize the ability of specific @entity669 kinase inhibitors to selectively target @entity1722 to the chaperone-mediated degradation pathway. @entity470 -specific drugs are already used to treat @entity5 , and clinical trials are underway for additional compounds that intercept @entity470 signaling, including drugs that target @entity4041 . Hence, the dependence of @entity1722 upon @entity4041 reveals an Achilles heel, which opens a window of opportunity for combating @entity5 driven by the @entity470 /HER signaling network.

title: The achilles heel of @entity1722 / @entity1722 : regulation by the XXXX chaperone machine and potential for pharmacological intervention.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity4041 :: (3320,Gene) :: ['Hsp90']


abstract: Genomic screening of hybrids from @entity64 -prone (SHR-SP) and @entity64 -resistant spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) identified a @entity65346 locus on the @entity35 chromosome 1, which correlates with the susceptibility to @entity64 but not with @entity101 . The authors examined whether this genetic abnormality is associated with hemodynamic or metabolic alterations in the brain that can be detected before the manifestation of @entity4798 . Starting at 6 weeks of age, SHR-SP were fed with a salt-rich diet to accelerate arterial @entity101 . At the age of 12 weeks, animals developed functional symptoms and were age-matched with symptom-negative SHR-SP to differentiate between presymptomatic and postsymptomatic changes. Brains were investigated by multiparametric imaging comprising quantitative double-tracer autoradiography of CBF and cerebral protein synthesis (CPS); bioluminescence imaging of regional @entity855 , @entity413 , and @entity880 content; and @entity17407 fluoroscopic imaging of tissue pH. None of the animals exhibited focal hemodynamic or biochemical abnormalities. In symptom-negative SHR-SP, global CBF was 1.1+/-0.3 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), cortical CPS was 10.1+/-3.1 nmol x g(-1) x min(-1), and cortical @entity855 , @entity413 , @entity880 , and pH levels were in the normal range. In SHR-SP with functional symptoms, @entity855 , @entity413 , and @entity880 levels also were normal, but tissue pH exhibited @entity5838 , CBF was significantly reduced to 0.7+/-0.2 mL x g(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.001), and cortical CPS was significantly reduced to 6.7+/-2.1 nmol x g(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.001). The decline in brain perfusion of SHR-SP correlated significantly with both the severity of functional deficits and the decline of protein synthesis. Our observations demonstrate that SHR-SP had already developed functional symptoms before the manifestation of overt @entity4798 and that the symptoms are initiated by a @entity1779 . @entity74 in SHR-SP are associated with a diffuse vascular process that results in global decompensation of blood flow well before the onset of focal @entity4798 .

title: Hemodynamics and metabolism in @entity64 -prone spontaneously XXXX @entity35 before manifestation of @entity4798 .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction', 'brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity17407 :: ('MESH:C031477', 'Chemical') :: ['umbelliferone']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['decline in global CBF and cortical CPS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The study had two primary aims. The first aim was to combine a @entity1 resources costing and accounting approach (HRCA) with a quantitative statistical approach in order to get an integrated model. The second aim was to apply this integrated model in a quasi-experimental study in order to investigate whether preventive intervention affected sickness absence costs at the company level. The intervention studied contained occupational organizational measures, competence development, physical and psychosocial working environmental measures and individual and rehabilitation measures on both an individual and a group basis. The study is a quasi-experimental design with a non-randomized control group. Both groups involved cleaning jobs at predominantly female workplaces. The study plan involved carrying out before and after studies on both groups. The study included only those who were at the same workplace during the whole of the study period. In the HRCA model used here, the cost of sickness absence is the net difference between the costs, in the form of the value of the loss of production and the administrative cost, and the benefits in the form of lower labour costs. According to the HRCA model, the intervention used counteracted a rise in sickness absence costs at the company level, giving an average net effect of 266.5 @entity7634 per @entity1 (full-time working) during an 8-month period. Using an analogue statistical analysis on the whole of the material, the contribution of the intervention counteracted a rise in sickness absence costs at the company level giving an average net effect of 283.2 @entity7634 . Using a statistical method it was possible to study the regression coefficients in sub-groups and calculate the p-values for these coefficients; in the younger group the intervention gave a calculated net contribution of 605.6 @entity7634 with a p-value of 0.073, while the intervention net contribution in the older group had a very high p-value. Using the statistical model it was also possible to study contributions of other variables and interactions. This study established that the HRCA model and the integrated model produced approximately the same monetary outcomes. The integrated model, however, allowed a deeper understanding of the various possible relationships and quantified the results with confidence intervals.

title: A statistical XXXX resources costing and accounting model for analysing the economic effects of an intervention at a workplace.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'person']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: I describe the clinical symptoms and signs of acquired @entity1146 of the external auditory canal (EAC) and the technique used to manage it. METHODS: Forty-one consecutive @entity1 affected by acquired @entity1146 of the EAC were assessed by otoscopy, pure tone audiometry, computed tomography, and traditional and echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The anatomic and functional hearing results were evaluated. RESULTS: At surgery for acquired @entity1146 of the EAC, an EAC @entity3540 was found in 3 of the 41 @entity1 . Twenty-three of the 41 @entity1 were followed for at least 5 years. Recurrence was seen in 9 of the 25 ears (36%) over the entire period of observation. Twenty-one, 23, and 22 of the @entity1 had a normal or nearly normal contour and size of the ear canal at 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years, respectively. The results were similar for the air-bone gap. CONCLUSIONS: The main complication following surgery was recurrence. There was recurrence at 6 months in 4 @entity1 (16%). Recurrence was seen in 12% of the cases at the 5-year follow-up. Similar findings were clear on evaluation of the hearing results. This result demonstrates that the surgical procedure, even when performed correctly, did not afford a stable, long-lasting outcome in a cohort of @entity1 .

title: Acquired XXXX of the external auditory canal: recurrence and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: @entity28 represent an important public health problem in the world, including developed and underdeveloped countries, as contributing factors for non transmissible chronic illnesses in the adult, affecting both sexes, but especially to @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To associate excess in weight to the presence of comorbidities in adult @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: 130 @entity1 , age 25 to 70 years with body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m(2) were assessed. Weight, height, arm, waist and hip circumferences, tricipital and subescapular skinfolds. BMI, waist/hip ratio (W/H ratio) and fatty area were determined. Presence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ); @entity101 ( @entity101 ), @entity2299 and @entity2720 were assessed. @entity28 were classified according to OMS criteria. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 11.0. RESULTS: 24,6% of @entity1 (n = 32) were overweight; 38,5% (n = 50) were @entity28 I; 23,8% (n = 31) were @entity28 II; and 13,1% (n = 17) had @entity28 III. Associated pathologies were present in 80,8% of the studied @entity1 : 46,9% (n = 61) with @entity2299 ; 42,3% (n = 55) with @entity101 ; 33,1% (n = 43) with arthropaties; and 16,2% (n = 21) with @entity6 . Overweight and @entity28 I @entity1 showed a higher prevalence of @entity2299 (56%) and (52%), respectively; while in @entity28 III, 38,7% and 47,1% presented @entity101 respectively. There was a positive correlation (Spearman) among @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity2299 (p < 0,05) with age; and significant correlation (Pearson, p < 0,05) between W/H ratio and @entity6 . CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of associated pathologies in the valued @entity1 , being the most frequent @entity2299 , @entity101 and @entity2720 , which are directly proportional with the age and the IC/C.

title: [Overweight and associated pathologies in adult XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'HBP']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Overweight and obesity', 'obesity', 'Obese II and Obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We hypothesized that Iloprost, a long-acting prostacyclin analog, would inhibit neutrophil (PMN)-induced @entity651 and decrease PMN adherence to vascular endothelium. @entity1 PMNs infused into isolated buffer-perfused @entity35 lungs subsequently stimulated with @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) resulted in @entity651 as assessed by the accumulation of [125I]bovine serum albumin (125I-BSA) in lung parenchyma and alveolar lavage fluid. Addition of Iloprost to the lung perfusate, prior to activation of the PMNs, @entity651 as assessed by a decrease in the accumulation of 125I-BSA in the lung. This protective effect was not due to the vasodilatory effect of Iloprost. Protection by Iloprost was not linked to a reduction in @entity4515 -induced PMN @entity224 production since Iloprost did not reduce the amount of @entity224 released into lung perfusate. In vitro, Iloprost caused a dose-dependent inhibition of @entity4515 -stimulated PMN adherence to endothelial cells. Iloprost did not affect the number of Mo1 adhesion molecules constitutively expressed or the number of receptors expressed on the PMNs following @entity4515 . Addition of @entity268 or @entity8279 to the endothelial cells mimicked the effects of Iloprost, diminishing @entity4515 -stimulated PMN adhesion. In separate experiments, addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX to Iloprost resulted in a greater inhibition of @entity4515 -stimulated PMN adherence, while addition of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, SQ 22,536, or @entity268 antibodies with the Iloprost abolished Iloprost's inhibitory effect on PMN adhesion. Thus, Iloprost inhibits @entity4515 -activated PMN-induced @entity651 despite continued @entity224 production. Iloprost inhibition of PMN adhesion is dependent on @entity268 .

title: Iloprost inhibits neutrophil-induced XXXX and neutrophil adherence to endothelial monolayers.

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury', 'reduced lung injury']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: The objectives were to evaluate @entity2682 add-on therapy in a large population under conditions close to real practice and to determine the therapeutic doses as reached with adaptable dosages. A 6-month multicentre, open-label study, involved addition of @entity2682 to pre-existing treatment at the initial dosage of 1200 mg and subsequent adjustment between 900 and 2400 mg/day according to efficacy and tolerability. A study group of 610 adult @entity1 , with @entity302 , persistent @entity410 and a median @entity410 frequency with a baseline of 7.2 per month were recruited; one-third had less than four @entity410 per month. Polypharmacy was frequent, with a mean of 2.3 concomitant drugs. After 6 months, 368 @entity1 (62%) continued on @entity2682 , at a mean dosage of 1739 mg/day with 44% of responders. On an intention-to-treat basis, median reduction in frequency was 21.2%, and the responder rate was 33.9%. The responder rate increased to 40.7% in the less severe subgroup receiving only one concomitant drug. Seventy-nine @entity1 (13.4%) remained without @entity410 during the last evaluation period, versus nine (1.5%) during the baseline. Most of them had initially less than four @entity410 per month. The most frequent adverse effects, somnolence (29.3%), @entity1395 (14.6%), @entity390 (7.9%), @entity2055 (7.7%) and vertigo (7.2%), occurred rapidly after initial titration to 1200 mg/day, and were usually transitory. @entity1017 (8.8%) seemed to be related to @entity2682 dose. The combination of two recent drugs, @entity5305 and @entity2682 , in 190 @entity1 led to similar efficacy levels, with a tendency for more frequent somnolence and @entity1395 .

title: @entity2682 add-on therapy with adaptable dosages in 610 XXXX with @entity302 : an open, observational study. The French @entity2682 Collaborative Group.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Adrenal glands from orchectomized and ovariectomized @entity35 , with and without replacement therapy, and also from intact controls of both sexes, were examined by autoradiography with @entity665 . The labelling index after 1 or 2 @entity2353 injections was higher in the @entity4091 of females than in male @entity35 , while no differences were found in the @entity714 . Orchiectomy increased the labelling index in the @entity714 , an effect prevented by @entity251 . Ovariectomy did not change the labelling index, while @entity53 lowered it in the @entity4091 . Duration of the S phase was longer in the @entity4091 cells of males than in females. Both orchiectomy and @entity251 shortened this phase in cells of the @entity4091 and @entity4091 . Ovariectomy prolonged the S phase in the @entity4091 and shortened this time in the reticular zone, an effect reversed by @entity53 . In the glomerular and fascicular zones, cell cycle time was longer in males than in females. Orchiectomy shortened this time in all adrenocortical zones, an effect reversed by @entity251 . Ovariectomy shortened cell cycle time in the glomerular and reticular zones and prolonged it in the @entity4091 ; these effects were reversed by @entity53 . Turnover rate in adrenocortical cells was markedly higher in females than in males, a difference due to @entity251 which markedly decreased turnover rate.

title: Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function. XI. Autoradiographic studies on cell proliferation and turnover in the adrenal cortex of the male and female XXXX and its dependence on @entity251 and @entity53 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['fascicular and reticular zones']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['zona glomerulosa', 'zona reticularis', 'zona fasciculata']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity116 is considered a major health problem in the developing and under-developed countries, with approximately 1 million new cases occurring each year. We have evaluated the @entity116 @entity1 and their presenting complaints, the clinical findings and their relations to the head and neck region along with the frequency of otolaryngological findings and their correlation to the prognosis of this highly mortal disease. There were a total of 37 @entity1 with generalized @entity116 diagnosed and treated between 1991 and 2001. There were 25 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 with a mean age of 55+/-15.6 years. The most common presenting symptom was trismus, followed by @entity4048 , @entity1282 , generalized @entity158 and @entity2472 . Wound evaluation revealed that 72.9% of the @entity1 had @entity116 -prone wounds, and 27% had either no obvious wounds or a wound considered to be trivial by the @entity1 . Only 62% percent of the @entity1 had sought medical attention immediately after being injured. Three @entity1 in our series were admitted to the otolaryngology clinic with upper aerodigestive tract symptoms. A comparison of complaints with clinical findings revealed a significant lack of correlation, emphasizing that complete physical examination must be performed when evaluating @entity1 with trismus, @entity1282 and @entity4048 . Tracheotomy was performed in 21 cases. There was a direct correlation between the clinical stage and the requirement of tracheotomy. Wound debridment was performed, and antibiotherapy, @entity116 toxoid vaccine and immunoglobulin were administered. The mortality rate was 59.4% (22/37). Shorter incubation periods and periods of onset and a higher grade of disease were significantly related to high mortality rates ( P=0.001). It is important to realize the fact that instead of looking for @entity116 -prone wounds, one should be on the lookout for @entity116 -prone @entity1 . Consequently, on the part of the otolaryngologist, there should always be a high index of suspicion, and concerning @entity1 with trismus or subacute progressive @entity1282 , the possibility of @entity116 must be borne in mind.

title: Otolaryngologic aspects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['facial muscular contractions']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: Despite identification of >100 @entity972 channel subunits, relatively little is known about their roles in synaptic transmission. To address this issue we recorded presynaptic @entity972 currents (IPK) directly from the calyx of Held terminal in brainstem slices of @entity35 . IPK was composed of a @entity973 ( @entity974 )-sensitive component and a smaller 4-AP-insensitive component composed of an @entity19191 -sensitive current and an unidentified slowly activating @entity972 current. IPK could also be separated into a @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ; 1 mm)-sensitive high-voltage-activated component and a margatoxin (10 nm)-sensitive low-voltage-activated component, which was also blocked by dendrotoxin-I (200 nm) and tityustoxin-Kalpha (100 nm). In outside-out patches excised from calyceal terminals, @entity1041 (1 mm) consistently and to a large extent attenuated IPK, whereas margatoxin attenuated IPK only in a subset of patches (three of seven). Immunocytochemical examination using Kv subtype-specific antibodies indicated that multiple @entity22926 and @entity42255 subtypes were present at the calyceal terminal. In paired presynaptic and postsynaptic whole-cell recordings, @entity1041 (1 mm) increased both the duration and peak amplitude of presynaptic action potentials and simultaneously potentiated EPSCs. @entity16751 alone had no such effect but reduced the amount of depolarization required for action potential generation, thereby inducing a burst of spikes when the nerve terminal was depolarized for a prolonged period. Thus, at the calyx of Held terminal, @entity42255 channels directly regulate evoked transmitter release, whereas @entity22926 channels reduce nerve terminal excitability, thereby preventing aberrant transmitter release. We conclude that both @entity42255 and @entity22926 channels contribute differentially to maintaining the fidelity of synaptic transmission at the calyx of Held.

title: Distinct roles of @entity22926 and XXXX @entity972 channels at the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal.

entities_list: @entity19191 :: ('MESH:C064719', 'Chemical') :: ['iberiotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity16751 :: ('MESH:C077910', 'Chemical') :: ['Margatoxin']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity42255 :: (29731(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Kv3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to delineate the effect of aortic arch surgery extension on the outcomes in acute @entity1129 dissection extending beyond the ascending aorta. METHODS: From 2001 to 2013, of 197 @entity1 with @entity1129 dissection, 153 (78%) with dissection extending beyond the ascending aorta (age, 61 years; first quartile, 50; third quartile, 69; 67% @entity1 ) were identified. Aortic repair involved isolated ascending replacement (n = 102), hemiarch (n = 37), and total arch replacement (n = 14). The median follow-up period was 4.9 years (first quartile, 2.5; third quartile, 7.6; 733 @entity1 -years). RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 9.8%, 21.6%, and 28.6% (P = .122) for @entity1 with no, hemiarch, and total arch replacement. Age > 80 years (odds ratio [OR], 9.37; P = .006), @entity751 (OR, 4.74; P = .004), and total arch replacement (OR, 6.47; P = .016) were independent predictors of perioperative mortality. Freedom from distal reintervention was 93%    3%, 97%    3%, and 100% at 1 year and 89%    3%, 97%    3%, and 100% at 5 years for the no, hemiarch, and total arch replacement groups, respectively (log-rank, P = .440). @entity1614 (OR, 12.40; P = .038) and dissection of all aortic segments (OR, 10.68; P = .007) predicted distal aortic reintervention. In-hospital mortality for elective reintervention was 0%. CONCLUSIONS: Limiting the extent of surgery for @entity1129 aortic dissection to ascending aortic replacement was associated with low perioperative mortality. Thus, aortic arch repair can be deferred, because it can be performed electively with a lower mortality risk.

title: Acute XXXX aortic dissection extending beyond ascending aorta: Limited or extensive distal repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['malperfusion syndrome']

answer: @entity1129 :: (MESH:D001260,Disease) :: ['type A']


abstract: The extracellular levels of @entity492 , @entity2227 , @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), and @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) were investigated by microdialysis, coupled with HPLC, in the ventral hippocampus of @entity35 during two 30-min exploration periods. Motor activity was monitored. During exploration I, an increase in motor activity associated with a 315% increase in @entity492 , 181% in @entity2227 , and 264% in @entity1617 levels, occurred during the first 10 min. The increase in @entity1246 level reached a maximum of 257% during the second 10 min. The neurotransmitter levels returned to basal values within 40 min. During exploration II, 1 h later, a smaller increase in neurotransmitter levels and motor activity was observed. In both explorations, the increase in neurotransmitter levels was completely abolished by 1 and 3 microM @entity4524 . A statistically significant relationship was found between neurotransmitter extracellular levels and motor activity, for @entity492 and @entity2227 in exploration I, and for @entity1617 in exploration I and II. In conclusion, exploratory activity is associated with or depends on the activation of neuronal systems in the ventral hippocampus releasing @entity492 , @entity2227 , @entity1246 , and @entity1617 . The activation is dampened by habituation.

title: Investigation on @entity934 , @entity492 , @entity2227 and XXXX extracellular levels from ventral hippocampus during repeated exploratory activity in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: Metabotropic @entity2227 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) protein increased after sciatic nerve section in ipsilateral L4 and L5 DRG neuronal profiles, with most of the increase occurring in myelinated A-fiber somata. @entity10092 also increased in @entity602 in this model. After L5 @entity129 , @entity10092 immunoreactivity increased dramatically not only in damaged L5 but also in the neighboring undamaged L4. Interestingly, after partial sciatic nerve section, @entity10092 expression did not change in either L4 or L5 DRG neuronal profiles. Both @entity129 and sciatic nerve partial section produced significant mechanical and thermal @entity1931 and @entity1931 . After partial sciatic nerve section, the @entity10092 -specific antagonist @entity12369 ( @entity12370 ) had no effect on any of these behaviors. However, after L5 @entity129 , although @entity12370 failed to alter the induced @entity1931 or @entity1931 , it dose dependently reversed the developed thermal @entity1931 . Therefore, reversal of thermal @entity1931 by @entity12370 correlates with increased @entity10092 in lumbar DRG A-fiber somata after @entity128 . Furthermore, A-fibers in the uninjured L4 DRG after L5 @entity129 that have increased @entity10092 are the same A-fibers that newly express vanilloid receptor 1 after such injury. Together, these results suggest that, after L5 @entity3510 , @entity10092 expression on A-fibers is essential to the development of thermal @entity1931 . After partial nerve section, however, it is unlikely that thermal responses are mediated through @entity10092 because no such increase in @entity10092 is detected in this model and @entity12370 is ineffective.

title: Metabotropic XXXX receptor 5 upregulation in A-fibers after @entity3510 : @entity12369 ( @entity12370 ) reverses the induced thermal @entity1931 .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['spinal nerve ligation']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia', 'tactile allodynia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['lamina II of the ipsilateral spinal cord and the proximal sciatic nerve stump']

entities_list: @entity12369 :: ('MESH:C121465', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Voltage-clamp experiments have been used to study the effects of external @entity1507 , @entity3782 and @entity21424 on the @entity2865 conductance of sarcolemma of @entity1238 . @entity1507 reduces inward current ( @entity2865 efflux), but less potently than does @entity8875 [Vaughan (1987) Pfl  gers Arch 410:153-158] and does not affect conductance kinetics. As its concentration is increased the blocking effect of @entity1507 saturates; at a @entity1507 mole fraction of 0.6 the anion conductance is reduced to about 50% and further increases in @entity1507 concentration are without significant effect. @entity1507 's influences are not voltage-dependent. @entity3782 is a much less potent blocker than is @entity1507 , and its effects are voltage-dependent. With small hyperpolarizations, currents are sometimes seen to be larger than the control, but the degree of block (or the conversion of augmentation to reduction) increases with the size of the voltage step. Anomalous mole-fraction effects are observed in the range 0.4-0.6 mol/mol, in that in some cells the reduction of conductance is noticeably greater in the lower than in the higher concentration of the replacement ion. In the presence of @entity3782 , relaxation rates are significantly increased, and this influence is not anomalously dependent on the mole fraction. Similar effects are observed in @entity21424 . The effect on kinetics is not pH-dependent. The main series of experiments was conducted at pH 5, but the same influence on kinetics was observed at pH 9. Using point voltage-clamp experiments, @entity3782 and @entity8875 were both seen to lower the contraction threshold voltage, but @entity8875 has no influence on conductance kinetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Substitute anions and the @entity2865 conductance of frog muscle: effects of XXXX and @entity21424 on steady-state values and kinetics.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity3782 :: ('CHEBI:49709', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorate', 'chlorate']

entities_list: @entity8875 :: ('MESH:C031760', 'Chemical') :: ['thiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrate', 'nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity3782 :: (CHEBI:49709,Chemical) :: ['chlorate']


abstract: In this contribution, which takes account of important findings in neuroscientific as well as psychoanalytic research, the authors explore the meaning of the deep-going distortions of @entity6110 functioning occurring in hallucinatory phenomena. Neuroscientific studies have established that @entity1833 distort the sense of reality owing to a complex alteration in the balance between top-down and bottom-up brain circuits. The present authors postulate that hallucinatory phenomena represent the outcome of a @entity716 's distorted use of the mind over an extended period of time. In the hallucinatory state the @entity716 part of the personality uses the mind to generate auto-induced sensations and to achieve a particular sort of regressive pleasure. In these cases, therefore, the mind is not used as an organ of knowledge or as an instrument for fostering relationships with others. The hallucinating @entity716 decathects @entity6110 (relational) reality and withdraws into a personal, bodily, and sensory space of his own. The opposing realities are not only external and internal but also @entity6110 and sensory. @entity1833 could thus be said to originate from seeing with the 'eyes' of the mind, and @entity2167 from hearing with the mind's 'ears'. In these conditions, mental functioning is restricted, cutting out the more mature functions, which are thus no longer able to assign real meaning to the surrounding world and to the subject's @entity6110 experience. The findings of the neurosciences facilitate understanding of how, in the @entity716 hallucinatory process, the mind can modify the working of a somatic organ such as the brain.

title: XXXX in the @entity716 state: Psychoanalysis and the neurosciences compared.

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['Visual hallucinations', 'hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['Hallucinations']


abstract: A phase II trial was conducted with @entity2664 (12 mg/m2, day 1), @entity1206 (30 mg/m2, day 1), and @entity3003 (250 mg/m2, day 2) every 21 days. Fifty eligible @entity1 who had not received prior chemotherapy for @entity0 ( @entity0 ) entered the study. Objective responses were observed in 28 @entity1 (56%; 95% confidence interval: 42.4-69.74%), with 4 complete (8%) and 24 partial responses (48%). Stable disease was observed in 12 @entity1 (24%) and disease progression in 10 (20%). Responses were documented in all involved sites. The median duration of response was 6 months and the median time to @entity5 progression 8 months. The median survival was 26 months and the estimated 2-year survival was 52%. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 was observed in 29 @entity1 (58%) with four @entity1398 episodes. Grade 3/4 @entity417 and @entity882 was observed in 7 (14%) and 11 (22%) @entity1 , respectively. Other @entity137 included grade 2/3 @entity390 and @entity391 in 26 @entity1 (52%) and grade 1/2 alopecia in 38 (76%). Grade 1/2 @entity137 occurred in four @entity1 (8%). In conclusion, this three-drug regimen is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of @entity0 .

title: First-line treatment of @entity0 with XXXX , @entity1206 , and @entity3003 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'neurosensory toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: The enhancing effects of @entity63611 ( @entity63612 ) on the absorption of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) after oral administration to @entity35 under bile duct-cannulated and -noncannulated conditions were investigated. The dissolution rate of @entity870 was markedly augmented by complexation with @entity63612 . In a closed loop in situ study, @entity63612 considerably increased the cumulative amounts of @entity870 in the mesenteric venous blood after injection of the aqueous @entity870 suspension into the small intestinal sac of @entity35 . In addition, the cumulative amount ratio of M1, the dominant metabolite of @entity870 in @entity35 , to @entity870 in the mesenteric venous blood for up to 40 min after the injection of the @entity870 - @entity63612 suspension into the sac was lower than that of the @entity870 suspension alone. @entity63612 inhibited the bioconversion of @entity870 in the small intestinal microsomes of @entity35 . These results indicate that the bioconversion of @entity870 was abated by complexation with @entity63612 . An in vivo study revealed that @entity63612 increased the transfer of @entity870 to blood, not lymph, with low variability in the absorption after oral administration of the @entity870 suspension to @entity35 . The variability of bioavailability of @entity63612 complex was lower than that of @entity205 , although the extent of bioavailability of @entity63612 was only a little higher than that of @entity205 . The bioavailability of @entity870 or its @entity63612 complex was appreciably decreased by the cannulation of the bile duct of @entity35 , and the extent of the lowering in the bioavailability in the presence of @entity63612 was much less serious than that of @entity870 alone. The present results suggest that @entity63612 is particularly useful in designing oral preparations of @entity870 with an enhanced bioavailability and a reduced variability in absorption.

title: Enhanced absorption of XXXX by complexation with @entity63611 in bile duct-cannulated and -noncannulated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Sandimmune', 'cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity63611 :: ('MESH:C038119', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7251 Background: @entity1945 has a role in the second-line therapy of @entity151 ( @entity151 ), and has activity in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The objective of this study was to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a novel combined chemotherapy regimen: @entity1945 (T), @entity632 [ @entity632 (A)], and @entity1891 (V), for the development of Phase II trial. METHODS: @entity1 (pts) with advanced @entity151 or @entity1149 who had incurable disease were enrolled.Pts should have failed palliative chemotherapy first, unless they have @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The schema used for therapy was: T was escalated from 0.75 mg/m(2) days 1-5 every four weeks; fixed doses of V and A were given at 1 mg/m(2) days 1 and 5, and 30 mg/m(2) day five only, respectively. Each cohort had three pts. Dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) was defined as grade 4 hematological @entity137 persisting for more than 7 days or any grade 4 non-hematological @entity137 . RESULTS: Fifteen pts were enrolled: 8 males and 7 females, with a median age of 53 years (35-72 years). Thirteen pts were white, and 11 had a Hispanic origin. Nine pts had @entity1149 and six @entity151 . A total of 36 cycles of @entity16491 were given. The combination was well tolerated. No DLT were seen in the 0.75 mg/m(2) or 1 mg/m(2) cohorts. Only 1/6 pts developed DLT in the 1.25 mg/m(2) cohort with grade 4 @entity1398 and @entity882 . We stopped accrual in the 1.5 mg/m(2) cohort; we did not consider necessary to increase the dose of T because this is the dose commonly used as a single agent. From the 9 pts with @entity1149 : all were stage IV, 4/9 had received at least 2 lines of palliative chemotherapy, 4/9 had failed radiation, and 1/9 pt had a sustained PR (11%). Among the 6 pts with @entity151 : 5 had @entity66 (3 already treated with chemotherapy), and one with limited disease that had relapsed. The overall response rate was 2/6 (33.3%): 1 CR and 1 PR, with another @entity1 who attained SD (16.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The MTD for T is close to 1.25 mg/m(2) for this combination based on our experience and the data in the literature. The activity seen in @entity66 - @entity151 (50% clinical benefit) may justify the development of a Phase II trial in this setting. [Table: see text].

title: Novel combination chemotherapy with @entity1945 , @entity632 and @entity1891 ( @entity16491 ) in XXXX with advanced lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['Topotecan', 'topotecan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Determination mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from extremely small amounts of DNA extracted from tissue of limited amounts and/or degraded samples is frequently employed in medical, forensic, and anthropologic studies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by DNA cloning is a routine method, especially to examine heteroplasmy of mtDNA mutations. In this review, we compare the mtDNA mutation patterns detected by three different sequencing strategies. Cloning and sequencing methods that are based on PCR amplification of DNA extracted from either single cells or pooled cells yield a high frequency of mutations, partly due to the artifacts introduced by PCR and/or the DNA cloning process. Direct sequencing of PCR product which has been amplified from DNA in individual cells is able to detect the low levels of mtDNA mutations present within a cell. We further summarize the findings in our recent studies that utilized this single cell method to assay mtDNA mutation patterns in different @entity1 blood cells. Our data show that many somatic mutations observed in the end-stage differentiated cells are found in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors within the @entity2280 (+) cell compartment. Accumulation of mtDNA variations in the individual @entity2280 + cells is affected by both aging and family genetic background. Granulocytes harbor higher numbers of mutations compared with the other cells, such as @entity2280 (+) cells and lymphocytes. Serial assessment of mtDNA mutations in a population of single @entity2280 (+) cells obtained from the same donor over time suggests stability of some somatic mutations. @entity2280 (+) cell clones from a donor marked by specific mtDNA somatic mutations can be found in the recipient after transplantation. The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of the lineage tracing of HSCs, aging effect on accumulation of mtDNA mutations and the usage of mtDNA sequence in forensic identification.

title: Mitochondrial DNA mutations in single XXXX blood cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity420 is one of the most aggressive @entity5 affecting the @entity1 body. The oncogenic potential of this type of @entity5 is mainly characterized by its extreme growth rate triggered by the activation of signaling cascades. Modern oncological treatment strategies aim at efficiently modulating specific signaling and transcriptional pathways. Recently, anti-tumoral potential has been proven for several substances that are not primarily used in @entity5 treatment. In some @entity5 entities, for example, administration of @entity3264 antagonists inhibits cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and finally cell death. To attain endogenic proof of @entity3391 receptor type expression in the @entity788 cell lines PaTu8988t and Panc-1 and to investigate the impact of @entity3652 , @entity16346 , and the @entity3391 receptor antagonist @entity3390 on proliferation, apoptosis, and @entity39 in @entity3123 . METHODS: Cell proliferation was measured by means of the ELISA @entity1603 assay, and the apoptosis rate was analyzed by annexin V staining. Immunoblotting were also used. RESULTS: The @entity3391 receptor type R2a was expressed in both @entity3123 cell lines. Furthermore, @entity3652 , @entity16346 , and @entity3390 significantly inhibited proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we showed the expression of the @entity3391 receptor type R2a in @entity788 cells. The @entity3391 antagonists @entity3652 , @entity16346 , and @entity3390 inhibited cell proliferation and cell death. Further clinical studies are warranted to identify the impact of these agents on the treatment of @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Effects of @entity3652 , @entity16346 , and @entity3390 on proliferation, apoptosis, and @entity39 in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer diseases', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity16346 :: ('CHEBI:60799', 'Chemical') :: ['s-ketamine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Cell wall mannan of type A @entity5132 was purified, conjugated with @entity6114 , and labeled with 125I. Labeled cell wall mannan was used in a radioimmunoassay to measure serum antimannan antibody levels. An @entity1329 -soluble fraction of a cytoplasmic extract of @entity5132 contained a large amount of a major cytoplasmic antigen of this organism. When the @entity597 -soluble fraction was labeled with 125I, much more 125I attached to this major antigen than to the other antigens present in the @entity597 -soluble fraction. Thus, when serum antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay which used the @entity1496 -labeled @entity597 -soluble fraction, antibody against this major cytoplasmic antigen was quantitated. Both radioimmunoassays were used to measure antimannan and antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody levels in @entity19 , @entity95 , and @entity1 . Irrespective of the procedure used to elicit antibody against C. albicans antigens, @entity19 failed to produce antimannan antibody. By contrast, all strains of @entity19 tested produced antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody after immunization, and the magnitude of this antibody response depended on the strain of @entity19 immunized. @entity95 readily produced antibody against both mannan and @entity597 -soluble fraction when immunized by a variety of methods. Antimannan antibody was detected in 100% of sera from a randomly selected sample of 50 hospitalized @entity1 . Only 1 of 50 patients had antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody detectable by radioimmunoassay. In pooled normal human serum, most antimannan antibody was of the immunoglobulin G class.

title: Quantitation of antibody against cell wall mannan and a major cytoplasmic antigen of Candida in @entity95 , XXXX , and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: RATIONALE: Fluorinated surfactants are being explored as @entity3928 ( @entity3928 )-friendly alternatives to @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) for proteome analysis. Previous work demonstrates @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) to be compatible with electrospray ionization (ESI)- @entity3928 . The high volatility of @entity2207 provides an intrinsic approach to potentially eliminate the surfactant during ESI, or alternatively through solvent evaporation prior to @entity3928 . The @entity3104 salt of @entity2207 , @entity2206 ( @entity2206 ), is likely favored for proteome experiments; the @entity3928 and liquid chromatography (LC)/ @entity3928 tolerance of @entity2206 has not been established for proteome applications. METHODS: Standard proteins and peptides, as well as a @entity375 proteome mixture, were individually spiked with surfactants ( @entity2206 , @entity2207 , @entity214 ), and subjected to direct infusion ESI- @entity3928 , LC/ @entity3928 / @entity3928 and LC/UV. The level of fluorinated surfactant remaining after solvent evaporation under varying conditions (time, pH, salt and protein content) was quantified and compared to the threshold tolerance level of the surfactant in an @entity3928 experiment (determined herein). RESULTS: Whereas @entity2207 is found ineffective at assisting protein solubilization, @entity2206 is as effective as @entity214 for resolubilization of @entity1324 -precipitated @entity375 proteins (~100% recovery). Unfortunately, the LC and @entity3928 threshold tolerance of @entity2206 is only minimally greater than @entity214 (~2-fold higher concentration to cause 50% suppression). Nonetheless, the benefits of @entity2206 in a proteome experiment are realized following a one-step evaporation protocol for removal of the surfactant in acidified solvent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2206 is considered a favoured alternative to @entity214 for proteome solubilization. Strictly speaking, @entity2206 is not an ' @entity3928 -friendly' surfactant for proteome characterization; the detergent not only suppresses ESI signals at high concentration, but also perturbs reversed phase separation. However, the simplicity of @entity2206 removal ahead of LC/ @entity3928 justifies its use over the conventional @entity214 .

title: @entity2206 and XXXX : volatile surfactants for proteome analysis?

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['APFO', 'ammonium perfluorooctanoate', 'perfluorooctanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['mass spectrometry', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity2206 :: (MESH:C023036,Chemical) :: ['ammonium perfluorooctanoate']


abstract: We have constructed the first comprehensive microarray representing a @entity1 chromosome for analysis of DNA copy number variation. This chromosome 22 array covers 34.7 Mb, representing 1.1% of the genome, with an average resolution of 75 kb. To demonstrate the utility of the array, we have applied it to profile @entity320 , @entity241 , @entity2418 and @entity4786 2. We accurately diagnosed homozygous/heterozygous deletions, amplifications/gains, @entity27118 / @entity29771 locus instability, and breakpoints of an imbalanced translocation. We further identified the @entity60797 isoform as a candidate @entity5 suppressor in @entity463 . Two significant methodological advances in array construction were also developed and validated. These include a strictly sequence defined, repeat-free, and non-redundant strategy for array preparation. This approach allows an increase in array resolution and analysis of any locus; disregarding common repeats, genomic clone availability and sequence redundancy. In addition, we report that the application of phi29 DNA polymerase is advantageous in microarray preparation. A broad spectrum of issues in medical research and diagnostics can be approached using the array. This well annotated and gene-rich autosome contains numerous uncharacterized disease genes. It is therefore crucial to associate these genes to specific 22q-related conditions and this array will be instrumental towards this goal. Furthermore, comprehensive epigenetic profiling of 22q-located genes and high-resolution analysis of replication timing across the entire chromosome can be studied using our array.

title: A full-coverage, high-resolution XXXX chromosome 22 genomic microarray for clinical and research applications.

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['dermatofibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['acral melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To study the effects of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) deficiency (GHD) and @entity2124 replacement therapy (GHRx) on @entity79 ( @entity1555 ) and body composition. METHODS: 59 GHD @entity1 participated (age range 0.4-16.9 years); the follow-up period was 6 years. Lumbar spine @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ( @entity8433 )), @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ( @entity1906 )), and body composition were measured prospectively using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Mean @entity1555 ( @entity8433 )and @entity1555 ( @entity1906 ) were significantly reduced at the time of the diagnosis. The bone mineral apparent density of the lumbar spine (BMAD( @entity8433 )) was reduced to a lesser degree. The BMAD( @entity8433 ) increased to normal values after 1 year; @entity1555 ( @entity8433 ) and @entity1555 ( @entity1906 ) normalized 1 year later. At the time of the diagnosis, the lean body mass was reduced and steadily increased during GHRx. Percentage of body fat was increased at baseline and normalized within 6 months. The severity of GHD was not associated with the @entity1555 at diagnosis or the response to GHRx. CONCLUSION: Areal @entity1555 ( @entity8433 ) and @entity1555 ( @entity1906 ) and, to a lesser extent, BMAD( @entity8433 ) are decreased in GHD @entity1 , but normalize within 1-2 years.

title: Long-term effects of XXXX therapy on @entity79 , body composition, and serum lipid levels in @entity2124 deficient @entity1 : a 6-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['total-body BMD', 'BMD']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Platelet agonists initiate aggregation and secretion by activating receptors coupled to the G-protein G(q), thereby raising cytosolic @entity141 , [ @entity141 ](i). The rise in [ @entity141 ](i) is facilitated via inhibition of @entity268 formation by the inhibitory G-protein of adenylyl cyclase, G(i). Since insulin attenuates platelet activation, we investigated whether insulin interferes with @entity268 regulation. Here we report that insulin (0.5-200 nmol/liter) interferes with agonist-induced increases in [ @entity141 ](i) ( @entity857 , @entity556 ), @entity268 suppression ( @entity556 ), and aggregation ( @entity857 ). The effects of insulin are as follows: (i) independent of the P2Y(12) receptor, which mediates @entity857 -induced @entity268 lowering; (ii) not observed during G(s)-mediated @entity268 formation; (iii) unaffected by treatments that affect phosphodiesterases ( @entity1922 ); and (iv) not changed by interfering with NO-mediated regulation of @entity268 degradation @entity7293 . Hence, insulin might interfere with G(i). Indeed, insulin induces the following: (i) @entity669 phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, the @entity10175 ( @entity10175 ) and G(i)alpha(2); (ii) co-precipitation of @entity10175 with G(i)alpha(2) but not with other G alpha subunits. Despite persistent receptor activation, the association of @entity10175 with G(i)alpha(2) is transient, being optimal at 5 min and 1 nmol/liter insulin, which is sufficient to suppress @entity141 signaling by @entity857 , and at 10 min and 100 nmol/liter insulin, which is required to suppress @entity141 signaling by @entity556 . @entity1425 , a known platelet sensitizer and antagonist of insulin, abolishes the effect of insulin on [ @entity141 ](i), @entity669 phosphorylation of G(i)alpha(2), and aggregation by interfering with the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor beta subunit. We conclude that insulin attenuates platelet functions by interfering with @entity268 suppression through @entity10175 and G(i).

title: @entity10175 mediates inhibition of XXXX mobilization by insulin via the inhibitory G-protein Gi.

entities_list: @entity10175 :: ('3667', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor substrate-1', 'IRS-1']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['(N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine)']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: 1. The course of experimental @entity6573 was studied in @entity167 -fed @entity35 and compared with pair-fed and ad libitum controls. The @entity167 -fed @entity35 were fed a regular commercial solid diet plus a 32% (v/v) @entity1068 -25% @entity969 (w/v) solution 4 weeks prior to the @entity281 and throughout the study. The inoculum was standardized in terms of virulence, age of culture, percentage of multicellular fungal units containing 1-3 cells and viability. 2. The extent of @entity281 was measured by quantitative counts of fungal units (FU), colony-forming units (CFU) of @entity12267 from infected pulmonary tissue and histopathological examination of the main organs involved. The specific humoral response and cell-mediated immunity of the animals were assessed by measuring the specific serum antibody levels by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and by the footpad swelling test (FST), respectively. 3. @entity167 -fed @entity35 and pair-fed controls did not differ significantly in mean body weight or the extent of disease after 5 and 10 weeks of @entity281 . In contrast, the @entity167 -fed group when compared with the ad libitum group presented a significantly lower mean body weight (301.6 +/- 0.6 vs 389.6 +/- 0.7 g) and a larger number of fungi recovered from the lung: 81.1 +/- 4.1 x 10(4) vs 13.4 +/- 8.0 x 10(4) FU; 24.3 +/- 8.6 x 10(4) vs 2.9 +/- 0.5 x 10(4) CFU after 5 weeks of @entity281 . There were no significant differences in the specific antibody levels, FST indices, histopathological pattern of frequency of disseminated lesions between groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in @entity1068 -fed @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6573 :: ('MESH:D010229', 'Disease') :: ['paracoccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity12267 :: ('121759', 'Species') :: ['Paracoccidioides brasiliensis']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

answer: @entity6573 :: (MESH:D010229,Disease) :: ['Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent evidence indicates that the large conductance, voltage dependent, @entity141 sensitive K channel or Maxi-K has an important role in the modulation of @entity1 corporeal smooth muscle tone and, thus, in erectile capacity. We further clarified the contribution of the Maxi-K channel subtype to the generation of contractile responses in isolated @entity1 corporeal tissue strips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed pharmacological studies of @entity2647 contracted isolated corporeal tissue strips in the presence and absence of the 2 Maxi-K channel blockers @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) and charybdotoxin, and the Maxi-K opener @entity45852 . K channel treatment effects were evaluated using 2 parameters, including 1) the steady state parameter of the empirically determined peak magnitude of the steady state contractile response and 2) the kinetic parameter of time required to achieve half of the peak steady state contractile response or half-time. Electrophysiological studies in freshly isolated and cultured myocytes were performed in parallel to corroborate findings further at the tissue level. RESULTS: Pre-incubating isolated @entity1 corporeal tissue strips with 1 mM. @entity1041 and 1 microM. charybdotoxin was associated with an approximate 20% increase in the peak steady state contractile response and a corresponding approximate 20% decrease in the half-time of the @entity2647 induced contractile response. Conversely, pre-incubation with 10 microM. @entity45852 produced a significant, approximately 20% decrease in the peak steady state contractile response and an approximate 38% increase in the half-time of the @entity2647 induced contractile response. Adding 30 to 180 microM. @entity45852 to @entity2647 pre-contracted smooth muscle strips resulted in a 30% to 50% reduction in steady state contractile tension. No detectable effect of @entity45852 was observed in 120 mM. @entity4338 or 100 mM. @entity1041 pre-contracted corporeal tissue strips. Whole cell recordings of freshly isolated and cultured corporeal myocytes confirmed that 30 microM. @entity45852 induced a charybdotoxin sensitive hyperpolarizing current mediated by the Maxi-K channel. CONCLUSIONS: These in vitro studies confirm and extend previous observations indicating the importance of the Maxi-K channel for regulating @entity1 corporeal smooth muscle tone, and by extension, erectile capacity and function.

title: Potassium channels and @entity1 corporeal smooth muscle cell tone: further evidence of the physiological relevance of the Maxi-K channel subtype to the regulation of XXXX corporeal smooth muscle tone in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Multi-component models of visual hemi-neglect have postulated that visual hemi-neglect is characterised by various attentional deficits. A grey scales task has been developed to quantify the early, automatic, (perhaps obligatory) ipsilesional orienting of visual attention, frequently assumed as the first of these attentional deficits. Explanations for this attentional imbalance are up until now mainly formulated in terms of right hemisphere activation. This lateral attentional bias has also been demonstrated in controls, in whom it is expressed as a leftward perceptual asymmetry. We reproduced previous literature findings on a grey scales task, considering controls and neglect @entity1 . Three @entity1 with neglect showed an extreme ipsilesional lateral bias. This bias did not change during or after cognitive rehabilitation. Additionally, we presented this grey scale task to 32 @entity1 with left- and right-sided homonymous @entity1805 ( @entity1805 ). @entity1805 is the loss of sight in one visual hemi-field. The @entity9595 @entity1 had no clinical signs of impaired lateralised attention. Results revealed that @entity9595 @entity1 showed a similar ipsilesional bias, albeit to a lesser degree than in neglect. Left-sided @entity9595 @entity1 presented a quantitatively similar, but qualitatively opposite bias than the right-sided @entity9595 @entity1 . We suggest that sensory effects can be an alternative source of attentional imbalance, which can interact with the previously proposed (right) hemispheric effects. This suggests that the perceptual asymmetry in the grey scales task is not necessarily an indicator of impaired right hemisphere attention. It rather suggests a pattern of functional cerebral asymmetry, which can also be caused by asymmetric sensory input.

title: Grey scales uncover similar attentional effects in homonymous XXXX and visual hemi-neglect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'hemianopia']

answer: @entity1805 :: (MESH:D006423,Disease) :: ['hemianopia']