abstract: @entity130 @entity1 with an ISS=75 have been deliberately excluded from some @entity130 studies because they were assumed to have "unsurvivable @entity130 ." This study aimed to assess the true mortality among @entity1 with an ISS=75, and to examine the characteristics and primary diagnoses of these @entity1 . Retrospective review of the 2006-2010 U.S. Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) generated 2,815 @entity1 with an ISS=75 for analysis, representing an estimated 13,569 @entity1 in the country. Dispositions from the emergency department and hospital for these @entity1 were tabulated by @entity130 center level. Survivors and non-survivors were compared using Pearson's chi-square test. Primary diagnosis codes of these @entity1 were tabulated by mortality status. Overall, about 48.6% of @entity1 with an ISS=75 were discharged alive, 25.8% died and 25.6% had unknown mortality status. The mortality risks of these @entity1 did not vary significantly across different levels of @entity130 centers (15.6% vs. 13.0%, P = 0.16). Non-survivors were more likely than survivors to: be male (81.2% vs. 74.4%, P < 0.0001), be over 65 years (20.3% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.0001), be uninsured (33.8% vs. 19.1%), have at least one chronic condition (58.0% vs. 43.7%, P <0.0001), sustain life-threatening @entity130 (79.2% vs. 49.4%, P<0.0001), sustain penetrating @entity130 (42.0% vs. 25.9%, P<0.0001), and have @entity130 caused by motor vehicle crashes (32.9% vs. 21.1%, P<0.0001) or firearms (21.9% vs. 4.4%, P<0.0001). The most frequent diagnosis code was 862.8 ( @entity1230 and unspecified intrathoracic organs, without mention of open wound into cavity). Our results revealed that at least half of @entity1 with an ISS=75 survived, demonstrating that the rationale for excluding @entity1 with an ISS=75 from analysis is not always justified. To avoid bias and inaccurate results, @entity130 researchers should examine the mortality status of @entity1 with an ISS=75 before exclusion, and explicitly describe their method of generating ISS scores.

title: XXXX with Injury Severity Score of 75: Are These Unsurvivable Injuries?

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['injury to multiple']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the distribution of rheumatologists in Brazil and their correlation with Medical Residency specialization offer, Gross Domestic Product ( @entity3006 ) And Municipal @entity1 Development Index (HDI-M) of units of the federation (UFs). METHODS: Query to various official databases, data summarization by techniques for descriptive statistics and cross-referenced information. For correlation analysis, we used the Spearman correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS: There were 1229 rheumatologists regularly registered in the country. The Northern region had only 3.6% of the total (n = 44), while the Southeast had 42.2% (n = 519). The State capitals, added to the five largest municipalities in each UF, concentrated 75.8% of these specialists (n = 931). In total, 49.9% of rheumatologists offered treatment at SUS. A general ratio of 157,809 inhabitants per rheumatologist in Brazil was determined, but with wide variation among UFs with respect to this ratio. In the years 2000-2012, there were 593 Rheumatology Residency graduated physicians in Brazil. We observed a positive correlation among number of rheumatologists compared with @entity3006 (r = 0.94), HDI-M of the State capitals (r = 0.77) and number of Rheumatology Residency graduated physicians (r = 0.79) in UFs. CONCLUSIONS: We noted a strong concentration of rheumatologists in State capitals and larger municipalities, with noticeable inequalities also between UFs and country regions. The distribution of these professionals accompanied @entity3006 , HDI-M of the State capital and number of Rheumatology Residency graduated physicians, suggesting that factors related to income opportunities and @entity1 development and the place of speciality training may influence the geographical fixation of rheumatologists.

title: Inequality in the distribution of rheumatologists in Brazil: correlation with local of medical residency, Gross Domestic Product and XXXX Development Index.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12322 ( @entity12322 ) occurs commonly in pediatric @entity1 after removal of long-term @entity5274 . Although open repair is generally successful, endoscopic approaches may offer benefits in terms of incisional complications, @entity282 , and procedure time. In addition, endoscopic approaches may offer particular benefit in @entity1 with varied degrees of @entity146 or @entity2681 surrounding a @entity12322 , making surgical repair difficult, or @entity1 with significant comorbidities, making minimal intervention and anesthesia time preferable. Over-the-scope (OSC) clips are a new technology that enables endoscopic closure of intestinal fistulas up to 2   cm in diameter. Six pediatric @entity1 underwent endoscopic @entity12322 closure using OSC clips under Institutional Review Board approval. The procedure was technically successful in 5 of 6 cases with an average operating time of 29 minutes. The technical failure required an open revision, whereas all other @entity1 reported full healing of the @entity12322 site at 1 month. All successful cases were performed as outpatients without postoperative narcotics. In addition, all @entity1 reported high satisfaction with the procedure and cosmetic results. Endoscopic @entity12322 closure using an OSC @entity23396 is technically feasible in the pediatric population. Based on limited cases with a 1-month follow-up, the functional and cosmetic results of technically successful cases are excellent. Endoscopic @entity12322 closure is a potential alternative to standard surgical closure in @entity1 with @entity146 or @entity2681 and/or significant comorbidities.

title: Initial Results of Endoscopic Gastrocutaneous Fistula Closure in XXXX Using an Over-the-Scope @entity23396 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['skin irritation']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity12322 :: ('MESH:C535651', 'Disease') :: ['GCF', 'Gastrocutaneous fistula']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: To investigate the neuroprotective of @entity38314 ( @entity42221 ) against @entity3264 -induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, cell viability were examined by @entity98 assay. Flow cytometry was applied to assay cell apoptosis rate. Intracellular @entity460 concentration was measured by using fluorescent dye @entity3576 /AM. Cytochrome C (Cyt C), @entity4124 , @entity2310 and @entity1976 protein expression were assayed by western blot. The results showed that @entity3264 is cytotoxic with an inhibitory concentration 50 (ID50) of 15 mmol    L(-1). Pretreatment with @entity42221 (1, 5, 15  mol    L(-1)) significantly improved cell viability. The apoptosis rate in @entity3264 -induced PC12 cells was 13.39%, and decreased in the presence of @entity42221 (1, 5, 15  mol    L(-1)) by 9.06%, 6.48%, 3.82%, separately. Extracellular accumulation of @entity141 induced by @entity3264 were significantly reduced by @entity42221 . The results of western blot manifested that pretreatment @entity42221 could decrease the release of Cyt C from mitochondria, down-regulate @entity4124 protein expression and up-regulate @entity1976 / @entity2310 ratio, thereby protects PC12 cells from apoptosis. In summary, @entity42221 had protective effect on @entity3264 -induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through attenuating the increase in intracellular @entity141 concentration, and inhibiting the release of Cyt C from mitochondria to cytoplasm.

title: [Protective effect of XXXX against @entity3264 -induced apoptosis in PC12 cells].

entities_list: @entity38314 :: ('MESH:C027820', 'Chemical') :: ['ligustilide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity38314 :: (MESH:C027820,Chemical) :: ['ligustilide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The exact incidence of associated @entity337 ( @entity337 ) and @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) in the general population is not known. In recent years, we have observed this association with increasing frequency. This observation is probably due to the extensive preoperative screening of the cardiac and vascular status of @entity1 who are candidates for surgical procedures. The choice of the optimal surgical strategy is needed to achieve low operative morbidity and mortality. The present study reviews our experience with a subset of @entity1 suffering the association of @entity337 and large @entity1028 . Surgical strategy, clinical management and outcome are presented. METHODS: Between January 1982 and May 2000, 76 @entity1 with the association of @entity1028 and @entity337 have been evaluated in our institution. Forty-four @entity1 have been treated for both @entity337 . These @entity1 have been divided into three groups on the basis of the surgical strategy adopted. Group 1: combined procedure (16 @entity1 ); group 2: @entity1028 repair prior to AV surgery (nine @entity1 ); group 3: AV surgery prior to @entity439 repair (19 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 4.5% (two @entity1 ); overall mortality was 6.8% (three @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1028 and @entity337 , an accurate and complete preoperative evaluation is essential. Surgical strategy should be individualized on the basis of the cardiac preoperative status.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity1028 associated with XXXX : strategies and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AAA and aortic valve (AV) regurgitation', 'AVI', 'aortic valve incompetence']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic valve incompetence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between two semi-quantitative Doppler US scoring systems (SQS), and the quantitative scoring (QS) of Doppler pixel count. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with @entity309 and inadequate clinical response to anti-rheumatic therapy were examined with musculoskeletal US (MSUS). Dorsal MSUS of the wrists, @entity806 and MTP 2-5 were performed. MSUS images with sign of @entity603 were collected and the QS was measured. Five assessors blinded to the QS evaluated the images independently, according to either SQS method. Association between QS and SQS was studied using correlations and multilevel models taking into account the clustering of ratings at the rater, @entity1 and joint levels. RESULTS: Analysis of the 1190 ratings revealed a strong correlation (   = 0.89, P < 0.0001) and significant associations (P < 0.0001) between QS and SQS. Correlations between QS and SQS according to Szkudlarek et al. (   = 0.87, P < 0.0001) or Hammer et al. (   = 0.91, P < 0.0001) were similar. A total of 239 (20.1%) images were given a SQS grade that did not match that expected based on initial QS, using pre-defined cut-offs. Main explanations for discrepancies were different perceived region of interest (40.7%) and Doppler pixel count near cut-offs between SQS grades (32.3%). CONCLUSION: We showed that both SQS methods correlated well with QS to assess @entity603 , but SQS methods are intrinsically limited when the Doppler pixel count is close to the cut-offs between the SQS grades. Analysis discrepancies between these methods may help further revision of criteria used to assess disease activity with MSUS in @entity309 .

title: Analysis of correlation and causes for discrepancy between quantitative and semi-quantitative Doppler scores in XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the conventional and functional (diffusion- or perfusion-weighted) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of @entity43 , fibrothecoma, and @entity17815 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histologically proven ovarian @entity81 (n  =  19), fibrothecomas (n  =  7), and @entity17815 (n  =  2) were reviewed (26 @entity1 ). The morphologic and @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) characteristics on conventional MR imaging (n  =  28, all cases) were analyzed. The b 1000 @entity7303 on diffusion-weighted image (DWI) (n  =  22) and the time-to- @entity7303 curve on perfusion-weighted image (PWI) (n  =  7) were also analyzed. The presence and shape of the ipsilateral ovarian tissue surrounding the lesions were evaluated on T2-weighted image. RESULTS: Twenty-two cases (79%) were predominantly solid @entity5 . Majority of the detected lesions exhibited the characteristic homogeneous low @entity7303 on T1- (24/28, 86%) and T2- (19/28, 68%) weighted image. Conversely, a number of lesions exhibited high @entity7303 (9/28, 32%) on T2-weighted image. Most lesions presented with a detectable ipsilateral ovary on T2-weighted image (24/28, 86%). Tumors larger than 6  cm more likely showed atypical morphology (mixed solid and cystic, cystic), atypical @entity7303 (high on T1- and T2-weighted image), and large amount @entity843 . Larger @entity5 group (>6  cm) was more likely diagnosed as fibrothecoma or @entity17815 than @entity81 by pathology. On DWI, 16 lesions showed low b 1000 @entity7303 (16/22, 73%). On PWI, all lesions showed curve type 1 or 2 (7/7, 100%), which tends to characterize benign lesions. All (16/16, 100%) pre-menopausal @entity1 had a detectable ipsilateral ovary, and six (60%) out of 10 post-menopausal @entity1 had a detectable ipsilateral ovary (p  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Combining conventional morphologic and @entity7303 characteristics with the findings from DWI or PWI might help differentiate @entity43 , fibrothecoma, and @entity17815 from @entity43 , although further prospective larger scale study using DWI and PWI is needed.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging features of @entity43 , fibrothecoma, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian fibroma', 'ovarian malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['SI', 'signal intensity']

entities_list: @entity17815 :: ('MESH:D013798', 'Disease') :: ['thecoma', 'thecomas']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromas', 'fibroma']

answer: @entity17815 :: (MESH:D013798,Disease) :: ['thecoma']


abstract: @entity1499 was introduced in the treatment of @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) about fifteen years ago. Today, @entity1499 is the drug of choice in the basic treatment of @entity4932 , especially for oligoarticular subtype The aim of this study is to show our experiences with this agent. In the period from 1996 to 2001 in the Pediatric Clinic--University of Zagreb 256 @entity1 with @entity4932 were hospitalised--85 with polyarticular (33.2%) and 171 with oligoarticular subtype (66.8%). 34 of these @entity1 (13.28%)--21 female and 13 male--16 with polyarticular and 18 with oligoarticular subtype were treated with @entity1499 . The age at the beginning of the therapy was from 3 to 18 years (mean age 11.31 ys). The countinuos treatment with @entity1499 lasted from 1 to 3 years. The dosage of @entity1499 was 10-20 mg/m2, i.e. 0.3-0.5 mg/kg of body weight weekly. During @entity1 ' hospitalization the drug was administered parenterally, while at home it was continued to be given perorally. All of the @entity1 took with @entity1499 also nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and some corticosteroid therapy. All of the @entity1 were submitted to regular physical therapy. The results of the treatment response were judged according to the global @entity1 assessment (number of inflammated joints, degree of @entity32 and functional disability), laboratory data ( @entity32 reactants, hemoglobin, RF). Statistically significant improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters (p < 0.01) was proved in 33 @entity1 , while the improvement in one @entity1 was minimal. Adverse reactions were rare and transitory.

title: [Personal experience with @entity1499 in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['idiopathic juvenile arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity740 ( @entity740 ), blood vessels are permanently exposed to uremic toxins such as @entity6634 (IS). We hypothesized that IS could alter vascular tone and that reducing its serum concentration could be beneficial. DESIGN: We studied acute and longer-term effects of IS and AST-120, an oral charcoal adsorbent, on vascular reactivity, endothelium integrity and expression of adhesion molecules @entity6580 and @entity8024 in aortic rings of normal and uremic @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 in  vitro, and the cardiovascular effects of AST-120 in both @entity164 and @entity6970 -/- @entity19 with @entity740 in  vivo. RESULTS: In  vitro, 1.0  mM IS acutely reduced vascular relaxation (64% for IS 1.0  mM vs. 80% for control, p  <  0.05). The effect was more marked after 4 days exposure (39% for IS 1.0  mM 4 days; p  <  0.001, prolonged vs. acute exposure), and was associated with endothelial cell loss and upregulation of @entity8024 / @entity6580 expression. In  vitro, AST-120 restored normal vascular function and prevented IS induced endothelial cell loss and @entity8024 / @entity6580 upregulation. In  vivo, AST-120 treatment of @entity740 @entity19 (1) improved vascular relaxation (72% vs. 48% maximal relaxation in treated vs. untreated @entity19 , p  <  0.001), (2) reduced aortic @entity6580 and @entity8024 expression, (3) decreased aorta systolic expansion rate (9      3% @entity740 vs. 14      3% @entity740  +  AST-120, p  <  0.02), and (4) prevented the increase in pulse wave velocity (3.56      0.17  m/s @entity740 vs. 3.10      0.08  m/s @entity740  +  AST-120, p  <  0.006). Similar changes were observed in @entity6970 -/- @entity19 . CONCLUSION: IS appears to be an important contributor to the @entity455 associated with @entity740 . AST-120 treatment ameliorates this dysfunction, possibly via a decrease in serum IS concentration.

title: Deleterious vascular effects of XXXX and reversal by oral adsorbent AST-120.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6634 :: ('MESH:D007200', 'Chemical') :: ['indoxyl sulfate']

answer: @entity6634 :: (MESH:D007200,Chemical) :: ['indoxyl sulfate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Uveal @entity320 is the most common primary intraocular @entity5 in adults. The occurrence of bilateral @entity2184 is an extremely rare event, but the observed frequency is nevertheless higher than what can be attributed to chance. Possible responsible factors may include a genetic predisposition. @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective study investigated the charts of @entity1 examined from July 1988 to July 2001. For each @entity1 , the clinical characteristics of the @entity5 (diameter, thickness, location), treatments, and results were noted, as were the eye involved, the presence of @entity2194 , @entity320 , and second @entity5 . The information was then subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of 2 461 @entity1 with unilateral primary @entity2184 , five were identified as having bilateral @entity2184 (0.2%). The expected number of cases would be less than one, hypothesizing an incidence of second @entity320 identical to the incidence of a primary @entity320 in the general population. The interval between the diagnosis of first and second primary uveal @entity320 ranged from 0 to 6 years (median, 2 years). There was no clinical evidence of @entity2194 in any of the five @entity1 . The @entity2184 was choroidal in three @entity1 and affected the ciliary body or iris and choroid in two @entity1 . DISCUSSION: The discrepancy between the estimated incidence (thought by Shammas to be one case every 18 years) and the observed incidence of bilateral primary @entity2184 could be the result of many possible factors. An increased incidence of @entity2184 could be a cause but in fact the incidence of @entity2184 seems stable. @entity2184 may have been misdiagnosed in earlier years. The presence of a genetic predisposition to @entity2184 is a possible explanation (suspected because of bilateral cases, familial cases and association with other primary @entity5 ). @entity2194 , which is described as more common in @entity1 with bilateral @entity2184 , was not seen in our series. CONCLUSION: Bilateral primary @entity2184 occurs more frequently than expected. Unidentified germline mutations may be involved in pathogenesis. These cases serve as a reminder of the of the importance of careful examination of the second eye.

title: [Bilateral uveal XXXX . Five case reports].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular melanocytosis', 'ocular melanocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanoma', 'Uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: A bioassay of @entity19861 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to F344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . Groups of 50 @entity35 and 50 @entity19 of each sex were administered @entity19861 at one of two doses, either 400 or 800 ppm for the @entity35 and either 100 or 200 ppm for the @entity19 , for 103 weeks and were then observed for an additional 1 or 2 weeks. Matched controls consisted of groups of 25 untreated @entity35 and 25 untreated @entity19 of each sex. All surviving animals were killed at the end of 104 or 105 weeks. There was no appreciable effect of administration of @entity19861 on mean body weights of @entity35 or @entity19 of either sex. Mortality was not increased in any of the dosed groups of @entity35 or @entity19 , when related to that in the corresponding controls, and survival was 84% or greater in all dosed and control groups of animals at week 78. Some @entity2915 was noted in the dosed groups of both species; however, both the @entity35 and @entity19 may have been able to tolerate higher doses. Sufficient numbers of animals were at risk in all groups for the development of late-appearing @entity5 . No @entity5 occurred in any of the dosed groups of @entity35 or @entity19 of either sex at incidences that could clearly be related to the administration of @entity19861 . It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, @entity19861 was not carcinogenic for F344 @entity35 or B6C3F1 @entity19 of either sex

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity19861 :: (MESH:D003976,Chemical) :: ['diazinon']


abstract: There are a number of kinase inhibitors that regulate components of the neovasculature. We previously reported the use of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta inhibitor on neovasculature in @entity5 models to increase the intratumoral distribution of nanoparticles. Here, we compared the effects of two other kinase inhibitors, @entity2213 and @entity2857 , with @entity641 inhibitor ( @entity47716 ) on extravasation of a modeled nanoparticle, 2 MDa dextran. We first used a @entity19 model of neoangiogenesis, the Matrigel plug assay, to compare neovasculature formed inside of and around Matrigel plugs (intraplug and periplug regions, respectively). Intraplug vasculature was more strongly pericyte covered, whereas periplug vasculature was less covered. In this model, @entity641 inhibitor exhibited the most potent effect on intraplug vasculature in increasing the extravasation of dextran, whereas @entity2857 had the strongest effect on periplug vasculature. Although @entity2213 and @entity641 inhibitor each reduced pericyte coverage, @entity2213 also reduced the density of endothelium, resulting in a decrease in overall delivery of nanoparticles. These findings were confirmed in two @entity5 models, the CT26 @entity694 model and the BxPC3 @entity788 model. The vasculature phenotype in the CT26 model resembled that in the periplug region, whereas the latter resembled that in the intraplug region. Consistent with this, @entity2857 most potently enhanced the accumulation of nanoparticles in the CT26 model, whereas @entity641 inhibitor did in the BxPC3 model. In conclusion, the appropriate strategy for optimization of @entity5 vasculature for nanoparticles may differ depending on @entity5 type, and in particular on the degree of pericyte coverage around the vasculature.

title: Comparison of the effects of the kinase inhibitors XXXX , @entity2857 , and transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibitor on extravasation of nanoparticles from neovasculature.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stroma-rich tumor']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of routine drainage after abdominal surgery with enteric anastomoses is controversial. In particular, the role of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) placement after total gastrectomy for @entity420 is not well established. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent total gastrectomy for @entity356 ( @entity356 ) at seven institutions from the US @entity356 Collaborative, from 2000 to 2012, were identified. The association of @entity298 placement with postoperative outcomes was analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, 344 @entity1 were identified and 253 (74 %) @entity1 received a @entity298 . The @entity834 rate was 9 %. Those with @entity298 placement had similar American Society of Anesthesiologists score, @entity5 size, @entity2802 stage, and the need for additional organ resection when compared with their counterparts. No difference was observed in the rate of any complication (54 vs. 48 %; p = 0.45), major complication (25 vs. 24 %; p = 0.90), or 30-day mortality (7 vs. 4 %; p = 0.51) between the two groups. In addition, no difference in @entity834 (9 vs. 10 %; p = 0.90), the need for secondary drainage (10 vs. 9 %; p = 0.92), or reoperation (13 vs. 8 %; p = 0.28) was identified. On multivariate analysis, @entity298 placement was not associated with @entity260 . Subset analysis, stratified by @entity1 who did not undergo concomitant pancreatectomy (n = 319) or those who experienced @entity834 (n = 31), similarly demonstrated no association of @entity298 placement with reduced complications or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity298 placement after total gastrectomy for @entity356 is associated with neither a decrease in the frequency and severity of adverse postoperative outcomes, including @entity834 and mortality, nor a decrease in the need for secondary drainage procedures or reoperation. Routine use of PDs is not warranted.

title: Value of Peritoneal Drain Placement After Total Gastrectomy for @entity356 : A Multi-institutional Analysis from the US XXXX Collaborative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal drain', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['decreased postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['GAC', 'Gastric Cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of circulating lipids and lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of @entity385 remains uncertain despite 3 decades of research. We examined this issue in a large population-based cohort. METHODS: Between 1987 and 1989, 14 175 middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 , free of clinical @entity65 , took part in the first examination of the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) study cohort. Baseline measurements included plasma levels of LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , @entity755 , apolipoprotein A-1, and @entity1674 and myriad risk factors for @entity65 . The cohort was followed for @entity65 end points. RESULTS: Over an average follow-up of 10 years (142 704 @entity1 -years at risk), we documented clinical @entity385 in 305 @entity1 (161 @entity1 and 144 @entity1 ). After multivariable adjustment for @entity64 risk factors, categorical and spline regression analyses of the entire sample, as well as the sample of @entity1 alone, revealed weak and inconsistent associations between @entity385 and each of the 5 lipid factors. Among @entity1 , the most consistent findings were decreasing risk of @entity385 within the top half of the distribution of HDL @entity165 and increasing risk within the lower range of the @entity412 distribution. CONCLUSIONS: The relation of circulating @entity165 to @entity385 does not resemble its well-known relation to @entity301 . Either the pathogenesis of a substantial proportion of @entity63 strokes does not involve classic @entity731 mechanisms, or the effect of plasma lipids on atherogenesis is substantially different in the intracranial vascular bed.

title: Plasma lipid profile and incident XXXX : the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the @entity74 and present the ocular and extraocular findings in a large pedigree of predominantly @entity30483 . DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: An eight-generation pedigree with @entity1713 was retrospectively and prospectively studied. Clinical information was obtained by medical records, telephone interviews, medical questionnaires, detailed ophthalmologic examinations, physical examinations, and personal observations. Linkage analysis of the @entity794 gene was performed on 21 family members, and mutation analysis was performed on three family members. RESULTS: The pedigree consisted of 100 affected individuals. The ocular findings, frequently bilateral, consisted of radial perivascular @entity2000 (RPRD) (100%), @entity15811 (100%), @entity1714 (76%), @entity1713 (65%), presenile @entity231 development (occurring before 50 years of age; 78%), and @entity726 (18%). Most (70%) of the @entity1713 occurred between 4 and 18 years of age. Extraocular manifestations, characteristic for @entity4712 , were detected in only four of 100 (4%) affected individuals. Linkage analysis with @entity794 flanking markers showed evidence for linkage to the @entity794 locus. The @entity794 gene analysis identified a mutation converting a codon TGC for @entity462 (86) to a premature termination codon in the alternatively spliced exon 2. CONCLUSIONS: A variant of @entity4712 , caused by mutations in exon 2 of @entity794 , may present in families with all of the ocular findings and no clinically identifiable extraocular findings associated with @entity4712 . The predominant ocular findings are a congenitally abnormal vitreous and an acquired radial perivascular @entity2000 that may lead to complicated childhood and adult @entity1713 .

title: Radial perivascular XXXX : a key to the clinical diagnosis of an ocular variant of @entity4712 with minimal or no systemic manifestations.

entities_list: @entity30483 :: ('MESH:C563709', 'Disease') :: ['ocular Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15811 :: ('MESH:D014823', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous syneresis']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary retinal detachments', 'retinal detachment', 'retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4712 :: ('MESH:C580472', 'Disease') :: ['Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

answer: @entity2000 :: (MESH:D012162,Disease) :: ['retinal degeneration']


abstract: Due to progress in lung transplantation, post-transplantation @entity170 becomes an important problem. We determined bone mineral density (BMD) in 74 lung transplantation candidates, among them 24 @entity1 with cysticfibrosis, 16 with @entity1030 , 14 with @entity3794 , and 11 with @entity120 . The mean T score (+/- SD) was -2.6 +/- 1.3 at femoral neck (FN), -2.2 +/- 1.6 at Ward's triangle (WT) and -2.3 +/- 1.5 at lumbar spine (LS). @entity170 was found in 61% of the @entity1 at FN, 45% at WT and 50% at LS. @entity1 with different underlying @entity358 were similarly affected, not only those with @entity1577 but also others, including @entity1 with @entity120 . No association was found between BMD and age, gender, @entity1866 in @entity1 and @entity251 level in @entity1 . A negative correlation was found between chronic glucocorticoid use and T scores. Body mass index correlated positively (p < 0.01) with T scores at any site and the correlation was also significant for the 2 largest subgroups. @entity393 (FEV1) also was associated with lower T scores. No correlation was found between BMD and biochemical indices of bone turnover. Multivariate analysis revealed BMI and glucocorticoid use as independent risk factors. We conclude that @entity170 is a very common condition in @entity1 with end-stage @entity358 , independent of the underlying diagnosis. In view of additional @entity604 under immunosuppressive treatment after lung transplantation, early diagnosis and prevention of @entity170 in the pretransplant period should receive high priority.

title: XXXX before lung transplantation: association with low body mass index, but not with underlying disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual condition']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of lung function']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: @entity162 of the hip is a rare complication. The objectives of our study were to assess the incidence, contributing factors, and outcomes of @entity162 . From 1974 to 2001, 1812 primary @entity162 were done at our institution. Seventy-four percent were done in @entity1 with @entity2249 . An anterolateral surgical approach was used in 79% of hips, a posterolateral approach was used in 14% of hips, and a transtrochanteric approach was used in 7% of hips. Thirty-two hips dislocated. The cumulative probabilities of dislocation at 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, and 20 years were 1.1% (95% CI range, 0.6%-1.6%), 1.5% (95% CI range, 0.9%-2.1%), 2.1% (95% CI range, 1.2%-3.1%), and 5% (95% CI range, 1.9%-9.6%), respectively. There was no significant association of dislocation with the surgical approach or with the primary operative diagnosis. More than (1/2) of the dislocations occurred within 6 months postoperative. Late dislocations occurred most commonly in @entity1 with Bateman prostheses and @entity2530 and were associated with @entity389 . Closed reduction was successful in preventing additional surgery in only 30% of @entity1 . The surgeon must be aware that closed reduction may be unsuccessful, and open reduction with replacement of components may be necessary. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX : rate, contributing factors, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar hemiarthroplasties', 'Dislocation of bipolar hemiarthroplasty', 'bipolar prosthesis dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['fractures of the femoral neck']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner bearing dissociation']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Dislocation of bipolar hemiarthroplasty']


abstract: @entity17053 ( @entity17053 ) is caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme @entity38858 sulfatase encoded by the @entity9764 gene on chromosome 16. We describe, in detail, the clinical phenotype of five @entity1 from three unrelated Finnish families and have characterized the disease-causing mutations in @entity9764 . Genotypes of the @entity1 are @entity64193 / @entity64194 , @entity64193 / @entity64195 , and @entity64193 / @entity64196 . Mutation @entity64196 introduces premature termination of @entity9764 . Cells over-expressing the novel mutation @entity64195 and @entity64194 had no residual @entity9764 activity, whereas @entity64193 gave 12.2% residual activity compared with the wild type. Co-transfection of @entity64193 / @entity64194 and @entity64193 / @entity64195 showed 5.5% and 6.7% of wild type activity, respectively. The precursor proteins of @entity64193 and @entity64194 were observed at 55 kDa and 57 kDa, respectively, whereas there was no detectable band in cells over-expressing @entity64195 . At 55 degrees C, the mutant protein showed lower thermostability than the wild type protein at pH 3.8 and 7.0. The tertiary structural model of the @entity9764 protein revealed that @entity2574 at position 60 is located on the surface of the molecule, away from the active site. This makes it unlikely that the enzymatic function of the protein with @entity64193 is severely impaired. On the other hand, A291 and W230 are localized near the active site. The molecular characteristics of the @entity64193 mutation explain the attenuated clinical phenotype of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX : characterization of a common mutation found in Finnish @entity1 with attenuated phenotype.

entities_list: @entity17053 :: ('MESH:D009085', 'Disease') :: ['Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA', 'MPS IVA']

entities_list: @entity64193 :: ('p|SUB|D|60|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D60N']

entities_list: @entity38858 :: ('MESH:C046736', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity17053 :: (MESH:D009085,Disease) :: ['Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: Incidental durotomy is a familiar encounter during surgery for lumbar @entity612 . The impact of durotomy on long-term outcomes remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE:: To determine the impact of durotomy on the long-term outcomes of @entity1 in the Spine @entity1 Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). METHODS:: The SPORT cohort @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity612 , without associated spondylolisthesis, undergoing standard, first-time, open decompressive laminectomy, with or without fusion, were followed up from baseline at 6 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months and yearly thereafter at 13 spine clinics in 11 US states. @entity1 data from this prospectively gathered database were reviewed. As of May 2009, the mean follow-up among all analyzed @entity1 was 43.8 months. RESULTS:: Four hundred nine @entity1 underwent first-time open laminectomy with or without fusion. Thirty-seven of these @entity1 (9%) had an incidental durotomy. No significant differences were observed with or without durotomy in age; sex; race; body mass index; the prevalence of smoking, @entity6 , and @entity101 ; decompression level; number of levels decompressed; or whether an additional fusion was performed. The durotomy group had significantly increased operative duration, operative @entity190 , and inpatient stay. There were, however, no differences in incidence of nerve @entity130 , mortality, additional surgeries, or primary outcomes (Short Form-36 Bodily Pain or Physical Function scores or Oswestry Disability Index) at yearly follow-ups to 4 years. CONCLUSIONS:: Incidental durotomy during first-time lumbar laminectomy for @entity612 did not impact long-term outcomes in affected @entity1 . ABBREVIATIONS:: SBI, @entity850 Bothersomeness Index; SF-36, Short Form-36; SPORT, Spine @entity1 Outcomes Research Trial.

title: SPORT: Does Incidental Durotomy Affect Longterm Outcomes in Cases of Spinal XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['root injury']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Amongst primary care @entity1 with @entity1109 , those with @entity1109 or @entity354 are expected to benefit most from empirical proton pump inhibitor therapy. Recognition of this @entity1 group, however, is difficult. The Carlsson-Dent @entity354 questionnaire was developed to justify the selection of primary care @entity1 for empirical proton pump inhibitor treatment. AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic test characteristics of the Carlsson-Dent questionnaire in a primary care population. METHODS: A prospective, open-label, multi-centre diagnostic prevalence study was conducted amongst primary care adults with reflux symptoms. All @entity1 completed the questionnaire and underwent gastroscopy. If no abnormalities were found, the @entity1 were prescribed 2 weeks of treatment with @entity4546 (20 mg daily). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the overall discriminative value of the questionnaire. Diagnostic test characteristics of both the cut-off score (total diagnostic score) in the questionnaire and the physician's provisional classification were measured using @entity354 and @entity4546 treatment success as the reference tests. RESULTS: Of the 536 @entity1 included, 515 underwent endoscopy. No abnormalities were found in 286 (55%). @entity4546 treatment success occurred more frequently in @entity1 with a total diagnostic score of > 7 and @entity354 II-IV in @entity1 with a total diagnostic score of > 9. The diagnostic test characteristics of the questionnaire were comparable with those of the physician's provisional classification. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve did not exceed 0.65. Kappa values for observer agreement with the gold standard were far below 0.4. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performance of this version of the Carlsson-Dent questionnaire was poor. It equalled the physician's clinical judgement and therefore its value for clinical use is limited.

title: Reflux symptoms in general practice: diagnostic evaluation of the Carlsson-Dent XXXX questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['reflux-like symptoms', 'dyspeptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'oesophagitis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: @entity29 is associated with an increased risk of @entity146 and can be exacerbated by stress. In this study which was performed with male 10-week old C57Bl/6 @entity19 , we used @entity32512 ( @entity32512 )-induced @entity1960 to evaluate behavioral changes caused by @entity32 , to assess the interaction between repeated psychological stress (water avoidance stress, @entity17454 ) and @entity1960 in modifying behavior, and to analyze neurochemical correlates of this interaction. A 7-day treatment with @entity32512 (2% in drinking water) decreased locomotion and enhanced @entity148 -like behavior in the open field test and reduced social interaction. Repeated exposure to @entity17454 for 7 days had little influence on behavior but prevented the @entity32512 -induced @entity146 in the open field and SI tests. In contrast, repeated @entity17454 did not modify colon length, colonic myeloperoxidase content and circulating proinflammatory cytokines, parameters used to assess @entity1960 severity. @entity32512 -induced @entity1960 was associated with an increase in circulating @entity32327 ( @entity32327 ), a rise in the hypothalamic expression of @entity1996 mRNA and a decrease in the hippocampal expression of @entity32327 mRNA, brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA. Repeated @entity17454 significantly decreased the relative expression of @entity8740 mRNA in the hippocampus. The effect of repeated @entity17454 to blunt the @entity32512 -evoked @entity146 was associated with a rise of circulating corticosterone and an increase in the expression of hypothalamic @entity32327 mRNA. These results show that experimental @entity1960 leads to a particular range of behavioral alterations which can be prevented by repeated @entity17454 , a model of predictable chronic stress, while the severity of @entity1960 remains unabated. We conclude that the mechanisms underlying the resilience effect of repeated @entity17454 involves hypothalamic @entity32327 and the @entity2339 .

title: Repeated predictable stress causes resilience against XXXX -induced behavioral changes in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'behavioral disturbances']

entities_list: @entity8740 :: ('12918(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['corticotropin-releasing factor']

entities_list: @entity32512 :: ('MESH:C562576', 'Disease') :: ['dextran sulfate sodium', 'DSS']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: Cystourethrography with synchronous urodynamic monitoring was done in 90 @entity1 who were diagnosed radiologically as having normal function or @entity1876 . The separation was based on the caliber of the bladder outlet measured on spot roentgenograms at peak voiding: less than 4 mm. for obstructed and more than 6 mm for normal voiding. The radiological observations are discussed together with the measurements of bladder capacity, residual urine, intravesical pressures and voiding flow rate. The separation between normal @entity1 and those with obstruction according to radiologically determined calibers had a strong impact on the distribution of the maximum flow rates. Observations on the onset of micturition suggest that in normal voiding the contracting detrusor meets a simultaneously relaxing @entity1494 without interposition of an isometric phase. The @entity1 with @entity3885 presented with 2 forms of isometric overload, either as uninhibited contractions or as a variable isometric time lag between the onset of detrusor contraction and opening of the @entity1494 . The pre-voiding isometric pressure increase is believed to be an abnormal finding that distinguishes the normal state from @entity3885 . A characteristic decrease in subtracted intravesical pressure at the opening of the @entity1494 in @entity1 with uninhibited contractions conceivably indicates that @entity1494 is caused by an abnormal reflex originating in the tightened @entity1494 . Voiding cystourethrography was an accurate means of diagnosis of @entity3885 , especially owing to its ability to quantitate the caliber of a narrowed zone.

title: Voiding cystourethrography with synchronous measurements of pressures and flow in the diagnosis of XXXX in @entity1 : a radiological view.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction and other disorders', 'subvesical obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder instability', 'bladder neck']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['subvesical obstruction']


abstract: @entity13695 ( @entity13695 ) has been implicated in the @entity32 of chronic @entity3617 (CB), but it is unclear which of its isoforms, 15-LOa or 15-LOb, is primarily involved. To detect @entity13695 gene (mRNA) and protein expression, we have applied in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively, to bronchial biopsies obtained from 7 healthy nonsmokers (HNS), 5 healthy smokers (HS), and 8 smokers with CB, and additionally include the airways of lungs resected from 11 @entity10094 ( @entity10094 ) and 11 smokers with CB. Compared with HNS, biopsies in CB demonstrated increased numbers of 15-LOa mRNA+ cells (median: HNS = 31.3/mm(2) versus CB = 84.9/mm(2), P < 0.01) and protein+ cells (HNS = 2.9/mm(2) versus CB = 32.1/mm(2), P < 0.01). The HS group also showed a significant increase in protein+ cells (HNS = 2.9/mm(2) versus HS = 14/mm(2), P < 0.05). In the resected airways, 15-LOa protein+ cells in the submucosal glands of the CB group were more numerous than in the @entity10094 group ( @entity10094 = 33/mm(2) versus CB = 208/mm(2); P < 0.001). 15-LOa mRNA+ and protein+ cells consistently outnumbered 15-LOb by approximately 7- and 5-fold, respectively (P < 0.01). Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of complementary biopsies confirmed the increased levels of 15-LOa in CB compared with that in either HNS or HS (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the subject groups with respect to 15-LOb expression. The numbers of cells expressing mRNA for 15-LOa in CB showed a positive association with those expressing @entity3646 mRNA (r = 0.80; P < 0.01). We conclude that the upregulation of @entity13695 activity in the airways of HS and of smokers with CB primarily involves the 15-LOa isoform: the functional consequences of its association the upregulation of @entity3646 in chronic @entity3617 requires further study.

title: Gene expression and immunolocalization of @entity13695 isozymes in the airway mucosa of smokers with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic smokers', 'AS']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor which has been implicated in @entity105 and angiogenesis in a wide range of @entity5 , including @entity3123 ( @entity3123 ). We aimed to characterize the prognosis and potential therapeutic implications of @entity6864 in @entity3123 . Real-time RT-PCR and western blotting were used to quantify @entity6864 expression in immortalized pancreatic epithelial cells, @entity3123 cell lines and freshly isolated matched @entity5 and non- @entity5 tissues. @entity6864 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in archived @entity5 tissues from 101 @entity3123 @entity1 . Furthermore, the effect of @entity6864 on the cytotoxic action of @entity136 (Gem) and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) in @entity3123 cell lines was investigated in  vitro using RNA interference techniques. Both @entity6864 protein and mRNA were expressed at markedly higher levels in all of the @entity3123 cell lines and freshly isolated @entity3123 tissues, compared to normal immortalized pancreatic epithelial cells and the matched adjacent non- @entity5 tissues. High levels of @entity6864 expression correlated significantly with @entity5 -node-metastasis (TNM) staging (P<0.001) and poor overall survival (P<0.001), especially in @entity1 with advanced disease who received postoperative chemotherapy. While silencing of @entity6864 significantly inhibit the cytotoxic effects of both @entity136 and @entity1487 in @entity3123 cells in  vitro. This study suggests that high levels of @entity6864 expression are associated with poor overall survival in @entity3123 . Additionally, @entity6864 promotes chemoresistance in @entity3123 cells, indicating that @entity6864 may represent a novel therapeutic target for @entity3123 .

title: Prognostic significance and therapeutic implications of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y overexpression in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['PPARy', 'Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor  y']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23427 ( @entity23427 ) is a major @entity436 involved in regulating eosinophil trafficking, and therefore the elucidation of ligand-induced @entity23427 events has important implications in understanding the biologic and pathologic properties of eosinophils. After ligand binding to @entity23427 , cellular signals include stimulatory (ie, @entity460 mobilization, actin polymerization, shape change, and chemotaxis) and inhibitory (ie, desensitization of the receptor) events. We have previously demonstrated that @entity23427 undergoes rapid and prolonged ligand-induced internalization. OBJECTIVE: Here we explore the role of internalization in downstream cellular processes, including shape change, actin polymerization, @entity460 mobilization, and desensitization. METHODS: Peripheral blood-derived @entity1 eosinophils were pretreated with 2 mechanistically distinct inhibitors of internalization, @entity969 and @entity11892 , and functional responses were monitored. RESULTS: We first demonstrate that ligand-induced internalization is required for chemokine-induced eosinophil shape change. To define which signaling components upstream of eosinophil shape change required internalization, we next studied the role of internalization in @entity460 mobilization and actin polymerization. @entity969 and @entity11892 pretreatment inhibited actin polymerization, implicating receptor internalization in this early response. In contrast, @entity460 mobilization was not inhibited by blockade of internalization. Finally, we were interested in testing the role of internalization in receptor desensitization. We first demonstrated that preincubation with eotaxin induced a dose-dependent desensitization in eotaxin-induced eosinophil transepithelial migration. However, this phenomenon was not inhibited by blockade of internalization. CONCLUSION: These results establish that @entity23427 internalization is critically involved in select eosinophil functional responses (ie, cellular shape change and actin polymerization) but not desensitization and @entity460 mobilization.

title: Receptor internalization is required for eotaxin-induced responses in XXXX eosinophils.

entities_list: @entity23427 :: ('1232', 'Gene') :: ['CCR3', 'CC chemokine receptor 3']

entities_list: @entity11892 :: ('MESH:C029341', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylarsine oxide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['Sucrose', 'sucrose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Concern over the emergence of @entity2927 in marine organisms is growing. In response to this concern, this study set out to measure antibody activities against bacterial pathogens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, @entity13552 , from the coastal estuaries of NC and SC, USA. Individuals from Charleston SC harbor, a heavily industrialized shipping harbor estuary, and from Beaufort NC, a non-shipping estuary, were examined. Purified IgG was obtained from pooled sera using @entity1329 precipitation steps and protein-G procedures, which was then used to generate a panel of IgG-specific monoclonal antibodies. Two of these antibodies, mAbs BB-10-2 (IgG1) and BB-32-2 (IgG2b), were then used to determine total serum IgG concentrations using a sandwich capture ELISA. Circulating IgG levels were variable between individuals and between the two pods. MAb BB-10-2 was then used in an indirect ELISA to determine serum antibody activities against several common marine bacteria as well as the @entity1 pathogens @entity526 and @entity526 0157:H7, @entity8966 , @entity5345 , @entity1838 , Mycobacteria marinum, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae. The highest antibody activities were against mycobacteria, two of which are zoonotic pathogens. Males had the highest antibody activities, thus suggesting low cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens in these individuals. T-cell proliferation in response to Con-A, an indicator of cell-mediated immune function, was then measured in the Beaufort population. Males had the lowest proliferation responses, however a negative correlation between antibody activities and T-cell proliferation in individuals could not be established for either of the Mycobacteria species. Overall, antibody activities against all bacteria, including innocuous species such as @entity2551 , V. natrigens, and M. xenopi were highly variable between individual dolphins and the two pods, with some animals exhibiting very high activities. These studies suggests that dolphin populations should be monitored by following the health and seroprevalence of pathogens of interest in select individual animals over time.

title: Serum antibody levels against select bacterial pathogens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, XXXX , from Beaufort NC USA and Charleston Harbor, Charleston, SC, USA.

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5345 :: ('672', 'Species') :: ['V. vulnificus']

entities_list: @entity13552 :: ('9739', 'Species') :: ['Tursiops truncatus']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['E. coli', 'E. coli strain']

answer: @entity13552 :: (9739,Species) :: ['Tursiops truncatus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is reason to question whether @entity450 after pressure @entity432 is caused solely by local @entity63 . This study quantitatively compared the response to the two forms of @entity432 on the finger. DESIGN: Blood flow was measured by laser Doppler continuously before, during, and for 40 minutes after a 2-minute @entity432 of flow at the finger dorsum and at the plantar surface of the finger tip (finger pulp), which has a much higher arteriolar density than the dorsum. Occlusion to the same low level was carried out either with a cuff at the base of the finger or by direct pressure of the laser Doppler probe head. Comparison experiments were performed with the probe head heated to 44 degrees C to elicit maximal local vasodilation. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. @entity1 : Eleven healthy volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Magnitude and duration of skin blood flow after @entity432 . RESULTS: Cuff @entity432 at the base of the finger produced a typical, short-lived hyperemic response at both finger dorsum and finger pulp. The peak level at finger dorsum was 17.6 +/- 1.4mL/min/100g, approximately a twofold increase over the baseline flow level. The duration of the hyperemic response was 3.6 +/- 0.8 minutes. The baseline flow at the finger pulp was three times greater than at the finger dorsum, and peak flow after @entity432 was also three times higher (44.3 +/- 2.6 mL/min/100g). The duration of @entity450 at finger pulp was 4.2 +/- 0.9 minutes. After pressure @entity432 at the finger dorsum the hyperemic peak was higher (26.7 +/- 4.2 mL/min/100g; p < .05) and the duration of @entity450 was four times longer (16.9 +/- 2.3 minutes; p < .01) than after cuff @entity432 . At the finger pulp, the pressure-induced hyperemic peak was also greater than the peak after cuff @entity432 (56.3 +/- 1.7mL/min/100g; p < .05), with a longer duration than after cuff @entity432 (11.1 +/- 1.1min; p < .01). Thermal stimulation significantly reduced the differences between cuff- and pressure-induced @entity432 . There was a slow increase in flow over the 40-minute monitoring period. The maximal flow reached was approximately 100mL/min/100g at both finger dorsum and finger pulp. At both sites, however, the maximal flow level was attained more rapidly than the control condition without prior @entity432 . CONCLUSIONS: These results confirmed that the pressure-induced hyperemic response is greater and of longer duration than that produced by flow @entity63 alone. Thermal stimulation essentially abolishes the differences, suggesting that there is a common mechanism of vasodilatation. The mechanistic differences between pressure-induced and @entity63 remain to be determined.

title: @entity63 and pressure-induced XXXX : a comparison.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic hyperemia']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['hyperemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The clinical target volume (CTV) for early stage @entity0 is difficult to clearly identify on planning computed tomography (CT) scans. Surgical clips inserted around the @entity5 bed should help to identify the CTV, particularly if the @entity2080 has been reabsorbed, and enable tracking of CTV changes over time. METHODS: A surgical clip-based CTV delineation protocol was introduced. CTV visibility and its post-operative shrinkage pattern were assessed. The subjects were 27 early stage @entity0 @entity1 receiving post-operative radiotherapy alone and 15 receiving post-operative chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The radiotherapy alone ( @entity138 /alone) group received a CT scan at median 25 days post-operatively (CT1rt) and another at 40 Gy, median 68 days (CT2rt). The chemotherapy/ @entity138 group (chemo/ @entity138 ) received a CT scan at median 18 days post-operatively (CT1ch), a planning CT scan at median 126 days (CT2ch), and another at 40 Gy (CT3ch). RESULTS: There was no significant difference (P = 0.08) between the initial mean CTV for each cohort. The @entity138 /alone cohort showed significant CTV @entity353 of 38.4% (P = 0.01) at 40 Gy. The Chemo/ @entity138 cohort had significantly reduced volumes between CT1ch: median 54 cm(3) (4-118) and CT2ch: median 16 cm(3), (2-99), (P = 0.01), but no significant @entity353 thereafter. CONCLUSION: Surgical clips enable localisation of the post-surgical @entity2080 for radiotherapy targeting. @entity2080 shrinkage occurs early, enabling CT treatment planning to take place at 7 weeks, which is within the 9 weeks recommended to limit disease recurrence.

title: A clip-based protocol for breast boost radiotherapy provides clear target visualisation and demonstrates significant XXXX over time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['Most seroma', 'seroma']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['volume reduction']


abstract: A strong relationship between tissue damage and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) has been established by previous studies. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the presence of ROS in @entity480 ( @entity480 ) by measuring @entity6931 and @entity12487 amplified chemiluminescence (CL). Three groups of specimens were studied. Group 1 composed of NPs of 15 @entity1 , and group 2 constituted of healthy appearing nonpolypoid nasal mucosa of the same @entity1 . Group 3 specimens (control group) were obtained from 15 @entity1 who underwent septoplasty and/or inferior turbinectomy operations, and detected to be free of rhinosinusitis. None of the @entity1 had a history of @entity566 , @entity565 , or @entity117 sensitivity, and all @entity1 showed negative results to a skin prick test. The ROS levels were measured directly with @entity6931 and @entity12487 amplified CL. CL measurements revealed significant differences between ROS constituents of @entity480 (group 1) and control (group 3) tissue samples. CL measurements of healthy appearing nonpolypoid nasal mucosa (group 2) of the @entity480 @entity1 revealed values that were scattered between the values of the other two groups. Although insignificant, ROS levels of the nonpolypoid nasal mucosa (group 2) were found to be higher than normal controls (group 3). In this study, ROS levels of @entity480 tissue samples were directly measured. In our study, by measuring high ROS levels in @entity480 samples, a strong relationship between tissue damage in NPs and ROS has been demonstrated, and the contribution of ROS in the pathophysiology of @entity1412 has been emphasized.

title: Determination of reactive XXXX species in @entity480 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Graft failure (GF) after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) occurs in 5 - 30% of @entity1 . GF can be accompanied by @entity1398 ( @entity4150 ) or can result with adequate neutrophils, but loss of donor chimerism (non- @entity177 , NNGF). In this report we describe the outcomes of 95 @entity1 treated with a second HCT for GF at the University of Minnesota; 62 with @entity4150 and 33 with NNGF. FINDINGS: The cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery at 42 days after second HCT was 45% for @entity4150 and 88% for NNGF. A second GF occurred in 34 @entity4150 (55%) and in 9 NNGF (27%) @entity1 . The incidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was 8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 1 - 16%) and 12% (95% CI, 1 - 23%) for @entity4150 , respectively. From the 2(nd) HCT, 1-year overall survival (OS) was 44% (95% CI, 34 - 54%), [NNGF: 76% (95% CI, 57 - 87%) and @entity4150 : 27% (95% CI, 17 - 39%)]. The most common cause of @entity204 after second HCT was @entity281 (52%). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the outcomes of second HCT after @entity4150 are different with much worse outcomes for @entity4150 necessitating new approaches for this complication. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for graft failure: Poor outcomes for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic graft failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'grade III-IV acute graft versus host disease']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['neutropenic graft failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4025 , a phytoalexin, has recently gained attention for protective effects against metabolic and @entity299 . The beneficial effects of @entity4025 have been linked to @entity19310 ( @entity19310 ) activation. However, little is known about the effect of @entity4025 in @entity299 associated with @entity6 . Here, we have demonstrated that @entity4025 ameliorates @entity1283 , electrocardiographic abnormalities and oxidative stress in the @entity948 -fed @entity6 @entity35 heart. Mechanistic studies revealed that @entity948 feeding to @entity35 over a period of 8 weeks leads to @entity1283 and increased oxidative stress through increased activity of @entity1110 oxidase (NOX) and reactive @entity26 species production. We found increased activity of @entity14185 ( @entity14185 ) p-65 along with decreased @entity19310 activity in the @entity6 heart. @entity4025 activates @entity19310 , which deacetylates @entity14185 - @entity12149 at @entity376 310 and histone 3 (H3) at @entity376 9 position. @entity19310 activation leads to decreased binding of @entity14185 - @entity12149 to DNA and attenuated @entity1283 and oxidative stress through reduced transcription of @entity1110 oxidase subunits. In vitro analysis also revealed that @entity19310 activation by @entity4025 is associated with decreased @entity14185 - @entity12149 activity and NOX transcription. Similarly, knockdown or inhibition of @entity19310 in H9C2 cells increased acetylation of @entity14185 - @entity12149 K310 and H3K9. Overall, our data demonstrated that @entity19310 activation by @entity4025 leads to deacetylation of both @entity14185 - @entity12149 and H3, thereby attenuating cardiac oxidative stress and complications in @entity6 .

title: @entity4025 ameliorates cardiac oxidative stress in @entity6 through deacetylation of XXXX - @entity12149 and histone 3.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases', 'cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol', 'Resveratrol']

answer: @entity14185 :: (309165(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NFkB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although effectiveness of web-based interventions on lifestyle changes are recognized, the potential of such programs on @entity209 has not been explored. We describe the protocol of a randomized controlled trial that aims to determine the feasibility, acceptability, usability, and effectiveness of interactive technology on lifestyle intervention in a population with @entity209 . METHODS/DESIGN: This is a two-arm randomized controlled trial. The study includes 160 @entity1 (n   =   80 per arm) who will be recruited via online registration on the study website. The inclusion criteria are that they should have @entity209 and have access to the Internet. All @entity1 will receive information on dietary intake and physical activity through the study website. The intervention group will receive additional resources via the study website including interactive Healthy Heart Profile and calorie restricted diet tailored to the @entity1 . The primary outcomes are feasibility, acceptability, usability, and the change in @entity209 components. The secondary outcomes are comparing quality of life, physical activity and food intake among the study arms. The @entity1 will be followed up to 6 months with data collection scheduled at baseline, 3 and 6 months. DISCUSSION: There is a need for developing and evaluating web-based interventions that target @entity1 with high risk for @entity65 . This study will therefore make an important contribution to this novel field of research and practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT201111198132N1.

title: 'Red Ruby': an interactive web-based intervention for lifestyle modification on XXXX : a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is associated with high morbi-mortality. Adherence rate to the recommendations of antithrombotic prophylaxis guidelines (ATPG) is suboptimal. The aim of this study was to describe the adequacy of antithrombotic prophylaxis ( @entity855 ) in hospitalized @entity1 as the initial stage of a program designed to improve physician adherence to - @entity855 recommendations in Argentina. METHODS: This study was a multicenter, cross-sectional study that included 28 Institutions throughout 5 provinces in Argentina. RESULTS: 1315 @entity1 were included, 729 (55.4%) were hospitalized for medical (clinical) reasons, and 586 (44.6%) for surgical reasons. Adequate @entity855 was provided to 66.9% of the @entity1 and was more frequent in surgical (71%) compared to clinical (63.6%) subjects (p <   0.001). Inadequate @entity855 resulted from underuse in 76.6% of the @entity1 . Among clinical, 203 (16%) had increased bleeding risk and mechanical @entity855 was used infrequently. CONCLUSIONS: The adequacy of @entity855 was better in low @entity1211 risk clinical and surgical @entity1 and high @entity1211 risk in orthopedic @entity1 . There was worse adequacy in high risk @entity1 (with active @entity5 ) and in those with pharmacological @entity855 contraindications, in which the use of mechanical methods was scarce. The adequacy of @entity855 was greater at institutions with   <   150 beds compared with larger institutions. This is the first multicentric study reporting @entity855 in Argentina. Understanding local characteristics of medical performance within our territory is the first step in order to develop measures for improving @entity855 in our environment.

title: Risk of @entity1211 and adequacy of prophylaxis in hospitalized XXXX in Argentina: a multicentric cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolic disease', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2012, a nephrologist reported the development of a multiorgan @entity715 syndromic complex resembling @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) in @entity1 who were abusing long acting @entity12336 ; all @entity1 had @entity5714 and @entity882 . OBJECTIVE: Herein, we report another case involving a 31-year-old @entity1 who self intravenously administered dissolved oral @entity12336 resulting in @entity715   resembling @entity14593 . METHODS: Formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded skin biopsies were prepared according to standard protocols for H_E and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The clinical presentation and biopsy findings were held to be indicative of   Degos @entity14593 ( @entity14593 ) but with unusual clinical features including @entity177 and severe @entity1576 . Given the efficacy of eculizumab in the treatment of the acute @entity715 phase of @entity14593 / @entity14593 , the @entity1 received this drug, resulting in rapid resolution of signs and symptoms associated with @entity177 . Although she developed recurrent cutaneous @entity1066 despite complete complement inhibition with eculizumab., her other extracutaneous manifestations did not recur. The @entity1 's pre and post eculizuamb skin biopsies showed a striking @entity32 associated with marked @entity130 along with deposits of @entity8428 and C4d within the cutaneous vasculature; the C5b-9 deposits were limited to the pre-eculizumab biopsy. We discovered that her syndromic complex was a self-inflicted one related to the localized administration of dissolved @entity12336 . CONCLUSION: Our @entity1 's biopsy along with the rapid response to eculizumab indicates that this distinct @entity9818 is another complement mediated @entity9818 . Opioid @entity9818 has a varied clinical presentation and can mimic other catastrophic @entity455 , all of which have in common a responsiveness to complement inhibition.

title: Opioid associated intravenous and cutaneous microvascular drug abuse (skin-popping) masquerading as XXXX ( @entity14593 ) with multiorgan involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pauci-inflammatory thrombogenic vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy', 'thrombotic microangiopathy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy syndromes']

entities_list: @entity12336 :: ('MESH:D010111', 'Chemical') :: ['oxymorphone', 'oxymorphone hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'her multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity14593 :: ('MESH:D054853', 'Disease') :: ['MAP', 'Degos disease', 'disease/malignant atrophic papulosis']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic sequelae', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial cell injury']

answer: @entity14593 :: (MESH:D054853,Disease) :: ['Degos disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the significance of @entity21124 gene promoter methylation and the expression of @entity3546 in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 . METHODS: The method of methylation specific polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the status of @entity21124 gene methylation in 55 @entity3052 @entity1 and normal controls from January 2009 to June 2010 in our hospital. The expression of @entity3546 was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The methylation of @entity21124 gene promoter was found in 32.7% (18/55) @entity3052 @entity1 . And the percentage was significantly higher than that of the controls (0). The @entity1 with the methylation of @entity21124 gene had a lower complete remission rate (38.9%, 7/18) for the first chemotherapy than those without (81.1%, 30/37) (P < 0.05). The expressions of @entity3546 in methylation @entity3052 @entity1 and those with non-methylation were 17.5%    3.3% and 15.4%    3.6% respectively. And they were significantly higher than the controls (10.5%    1.5%, P < 0.05). The expression of @entity3546 was higher in positive methylation @entity1 than those negative ones (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The methylation of @entity21124 gene promoter and @entity3546 may be involved in the abnormal activation of Wnt/ @entity3546 signal in @entity3052 .

title: [Study of @entity21124 promoter methylation with expressions of @entity3546 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'acute leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ) is a common early complication after lung transplantation. The purpose of this study was to compare ultrashort echo-time (UTE) sequences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) reference standard for detection of @entity5721 injury in a lung transplantation @entity19 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity19 (C57BL/6) underwent orthotopic lung transplantation using donor grafts that were exposed to 6-hour cold @entity63 . Imaging was performed within 24 hours after the transplantation with high-resolution micro-CT (tube voltage, 50 kV; current, 500 mA; @entity3775 filter, 0.5 mm; voxel size, 35   35   35  m  ) and small-animal MRI at 4.7 T with a linearly polarized whole-body @entity19 coil. The imaging protocol comprised radial 3-dimensional UTE sequences with different echo times (repetition time, 8 milliseconds; echo time, 50/75/100/500/1500/3000/4000/5000  s; voxel size, 350   350   350  m  ). Images were assessed visually and through calculation of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values. Calculated S0 values and T2* transverse relaxation times (MRI) of lung parenchyma were compared with Hounsfield unit (HU) density in micro-CT images. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve values were calculated for comparison of diagnostic power. All samples underwent a histologic examination. RESULTS: The results of both UTE MRI and micro-CT showed an excellent depiction of @entity358 due to @entity5721 injury, with MRI exhibiting a significantly higher CNR (mean [SD] CNR MRI, 19.7 [8.0]; mean [SD] CNR micro-CT, 10.3 [2.5]; P < 0.001). Measured parametrical values were as follows: mean (SD) HU, -416 (120); mean (SD) S0 value, 1655 (440); mean (SD) T2*, 895 (870)  s for the non-transplanted right lung and mean (SD) HU, 29 (35); mean (SD) S0 value, 2310 (300); and mean (SD) T2*, 4550 (3230)  s for the transplanted left lung. Slight infiltration could be better discriminated with micro-CT, whereas, in strong infiltration, a better contrast was provided by UTE MRI. The area under the curve values resulting from the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were 0.99 for HU density, 0.89 for S   , 0.96 for T2*, and 0.98 for the combination of S    and T2*. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that MRI of the lung has a similar diagnostic power compared with that of micro-CT regarding the detection of @entity5721 injury after experimental lung transplantation. Both modalities provide complementary information in the assessment of dense and slight infiltration in the early phase after lung transplantation. Therefore, UTE MRI seems to be a promising addition to computed tomographic imaging in the assessment of @entity5721 injury after lung transplantation.

title: Assessing lung transplantation @entity63 -reperfusion injury by microcomputed tomography and ultrashort echo-time magnetic resonance imaging in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['I/R', 'Ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives. The present study was conducted to evaluate the activity of nanometer propolis @entity19317 (NPF) on inhibiting @entity14918 ) in vitro and in vivo. Methods. In vitro, the effect of NPF on cellular infectivity of @entity2286 was carried out before and after adding drug and simultaneous adding and @entity2286 after being mixed. In vivo, the anti-PPV effect of NPF in @entity840 was performed. Results. The results showed that NPF could significantly inhibit @entity2286 infecting porcine kidney- ( @entity1707 cells compared with propolis @entity19317 (PF), and the activity of NPF was the best in preadding drug pattern. NPF at high and medium doses was able to observably restrain @entity2286 copying in lung, gonad, blood, and spleen, decrease the impact of @entity2286 on weight of @entity840 , and improve hemagglutination inhibition (HI) of PPV in serum. In addition, it could also increase the contents of IL-2 and IL-6 in serum after @entity2286 challenge. Conclusion. These results indicated that NPF could significantly improve the anti-PPV activity of PF, and its high concentration possessed the best efficacy. Therefore, NPF would be expected to be exploited into a new-style antiviral drug.

title: The Anti-Porcine Parvovirus Activity of Nanometer Propolis XXXX and Propolis @entity19317 In Vitro and In Vivo.

entities_list: @entity14918 :: ('10796', 'Species') :: ['porcine parvovirus (PPV']

answer: @entity19317 :: (MESH:C043562,Chemical) :: ['Flavone']


abstract: The treatment of functioning pituitary @entity652 (FPA) must achieve endocrinological remission as well as @entity5 size reduction. The first-line treatment of FPA except @entity2013 is @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). Medical treatments and/or radiation will be applied as adjuvant therapies succeeding to @entity1104 . In @entity1 with @entity2013 , @entity935 agonists, especially @entity9229 , are quite efficient. @entity935 agonists decrease plasma @entity4090 levels and induce shrinkage in most @entity1 and can be ceased in some of them. In @entity1 with @entity2012 , @entity935 agonists, @entity1943 analogues, and @entity9045 antagonist have been used as a monotherapy or the combination, and the high remission rate can be achieved. @entity22798 having high affinity to type 5 @entity1943 receptors will be available for the @entity1 presenting resistance against type 2 receptor agonists, such as @entity2390 and @entity18245 . The preceding treatment with @entity1943 analogues is beneficial for improving the success rate of @entity1104 . The chimera compounds of @entity1943 analogues and @entity935 agonists have been investigated. The medical treatments of @entity699 are challenging, if @entity1104 is not successful. To suppress ACTH secretion, @entity935 agonists and @entity1943 analogues have been examined, but neither came to show a sufficient effect. @entity22798 reduces urinary @entity701 excretion with a high remission rate. Adrenal enzyme inhibitors (AEIs), such as @entity4235 , can inhibit @entity701 synthesis form adrenal glands promptly and sufficiently in most of @entity1 . @entity60427 , a newly developed @entity40405 , is more potent than @entity4235 and will be available. We should use available medical treatments for improving the prognosis and quality of life.

title: Medical management of functioning pituitary XXXX : an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity22798 :: ('MESH:C517782', 'Chemical') :: ['Pasireotide']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing   s disease']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['lanreotide']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'transsphenoidal surgery']

entities_list: @entity9045 :: ('2690', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone receptor']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: In eukaryotic proteins, intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are ubiquitous and often exist in linker regions that flank the functional domains of modular proteins, regulating their functions. For detailed structural ensemble modeling of IDRs, we propose a multiscale method for IDRs that possess significant long-range order in modular proteins and apply it to the eukaryotic transcription factor @entity876 as an example. First, we performed all-atom (AA) @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations of the explicitly solvated @entity876 linker region, without experimental restraint terms, finding fractional long-range contacts within the linker. Second, we fed this AA @entity74 ensemble into a coarse-grained (CG) model, finding an optimal set of contact potentials. The optimized CG @entity74 simulations reproduced the contact probability map from the AA @entity74 simulations. Finally, we performed the CG @entity74 simulation of the tetrameric @entity876 fragments including the core domains, the linker, and the tetramerization domain. Using the obtained ensemble, we theoretically calculated the small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) profile of this fragment. The obtained SAXS profile agrees well with the experiment. We also found that the long-range contacts in the @entity876 linker region are required to reproduce the experimental SAXS profile. The developed framework in which we calculate the long-range contact probability map from the AA @entity74 simulation and incorporate it to the CG model can be applied to broad range of IDRs.

title: Multi-scale ensemble modeling of modular proteins with intrinsically disordered linker regions: application to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Presently, there is no single opinion concerning the method preferable for surgical treatment of @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) with dysfunction of adjacent organs. METHODS: Surgical treatment was applied to 144 @entity1 with @entity1689 . In 54 (37.5%) @entity1 , @entity1689 was complicated by dysfunction of adjacent organs. Particularly these were @entity101 ( @entity101 ) in 36 (25%) @entity1 and chronic @entity9727 (CDO) in 8 (5.5%) @entity1 . In 5 (3.5%) @entity1 , @entity101 was combined with CDO, and another 5 (3.5%) @entity1 had a combination of @entity101 , CDO and @entity101 ( @entity101 ) of the portomesenteric area. In 24 @entity1 with @entity101 , we applied intraoperative monitoring of biliary pressure (IOM BP) in the process of performing duodenum-preserving pancreas resections. Frey's procedure was applied in 26 (48.1%) cases, where @entity1689 was complicated by the development of CDO, @entity101 or CDO + @entity101 . To correct @entity101 , Frey's procedure was supplemented by application of @entity254 ( @entity254 ) in 10 @entity1 , pancreas lingual was excised; internal biliopancreatic @entity254 was applied in two @entity1 . Beger's procedure was used in 2 (3.7%) @entity1 , in which @entity1689 was complicated by @entity101 + CDO + @entity101 . Pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) according to Whipple was used in 5 (9.2%) cases. @entity788 ( @entity788 ) supplemented by @entity254 due to @entity101 was applied to 8 (14.8%) @entity1 . RESULTS: The results of chronic treatment were traced in 23 (42.5%) @entity1 throughout the period of 6 to 36 months. Life quality indicators appeared to be the best among the @entity1 who underwent resection surgeries on the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS: The method selected to treat surgically the @entity1 with @entity1689 that involves adjacent organs and causes their dysfunction is duodenum-preserving resection surgeries on pancreas head, which in some cases should be supplemented by application of biliodigestive @entity254 or biliopancreatic diversion in the area of pancreas resection to eliminate the @entity101 .

title: Chronic fibrous-degenerative XXXX with involvement of adjacent organs and their dysfunction: contemporary approaches to surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Longitudinal pancreatic-enteric anastomosis', 'LPEA']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension', 'BH', 'biliary hypertension', 'VH']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['hepatico-entero anastomosis', 'HEA', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to examine @entity4838 among the @entity1 in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic of Tampere University Hospital, Finland, from 2001 to 2011, and to evaluate the necessity of imaging in the examination of @entity1 with @entity4838 . Charts of 143 consecutive @entity1 with a primary @entity4838 were examined, and 69 @entity1 who had undergone the necessary testing were included in the study. The most common causes of @entity4838 were @entity1729 (23%), chronic rhinosinusitis (19%), @entity542 (17%), and @entity56 or nonallergic @entity2490 (6%). In 25% of the @entity1 , no obvious cause for the symptoms was found. Computed tomography (CT) scans were normal in 37 of 52 (71%) @entity1 and magnetic resonance imaging was normal in 21 of 25 (84%) @entity1 . No intracranial or intranasal @entity5 were found in the overall cohort. Of the @entity1 with additional symptoms ( @entity158 , @entity10 , nasal discharge, or stuffiness), 58% had chronic rhinosinusitis. Of the @entity1 with no additional symptoms or signs associated with chronic rhinosinusitis on clinical evaluation, only 2% had chronic rhinosinusitis on imaging. Only the detection of chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity542 had clinical value in the determination of the etiology. A sinonasal CT scan should be considered in @entity1 who have at least one symptom associated with @entity1244 in addition to an @entity4838 to confirm the etiology and to find those @entity1 who may benefit from medical therapy or surgical treatment.

title: Significance of imaging in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory disorders', 'olfactory disorder']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4838 :: (MESH:D000857,Disease) :: ['olfactory disorder']