abstract: AIMS: Sight-threatening @entity6 has been treated with photocoagulation for decades but the mechanisms behind the beneficial clinical effects are poorly understood. One target of irradiation and a potential player in this process is the @entity989 ( @entity989 ). Here we establish an in vitro model for photocoagulation of @entity1 @entity989 cells. METHODS: @entity1 cells were exposed to photocoagulation and studied at various time points up to 168h. Lesion morphology, @entity39 and apoptosis were investigated by light microscopy; LIVE/DEAD staining and measurements of @entity880 dehydrogenase activity; and TUNEL- and ELISA-based quantification of DNA fragments, respectively. Cell migration and proliferation were explored using @entity1205 and @entity1138 ; temporal and spatial changes in proliferation were assessed by confocal immunofluorescence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Gene expression was measured by qPCR. RESULTS: Photocoagulation of ARPE-19 resulted in denaturation of proteins and reproducible lesion formation. A transient peak in @entity39 , followed by a peak in apoptosis was observed in cells within the lesions at 6h and 24h, respectively after photocoagulation. Cell proliferation was @entity308 during the first hours after photocoagulation, back to control levels at 24h and augmented in the following days. These effects were not limited to cells in the lesions, but also evident in neighbouring cells. Changes in cell proliferation during lesion repair were preceded by changes in cell migration. Altered mRNA expression of genes previously implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation ( @entity1639 , @entity1356 , @entity687 , @entity9625 ), migration and tissue repairing ( @entity2534 , @entity46878 , @entity8111 , @entity12020 ) was observed, as well as increased expression of the alarmin @entity6889 and the cytoprotective gene @entity6643 . CONCLUSIONS: Using a laser system and experimental settings that comply with standards used in clinical practice, we have established a suitable model for in vitro photocoagulation of @entity1 @entity989 cells to isolate their contribution to the beneficial effects of laser treatment.

title: Photocoagulation of @entity1 retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro: evaluation of XXXX , apoptosis, cell migration, cell proliferation and expression of tissue repairing and cytoprotective genes.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Phlebotomus argentipes is the vector for @entity234 in India. The development of resistance in kala-azar vector to @entity318 has been reported from various parts of India. The main objective of this study was to generate information on insecticides susceptibility status of P. argentipes to @entity318 , @entity2959 and @entity316 in different parts in three states of India. METHODS: Phlebotomus argentipes were collected from different villages, identified and used to investigate the susceptibility status against @entity318 , @entity2959 and @entity316 as per the WHO standard methods. RESULTS: Phlebotomus argentipes was resistant to @entity318 in different areas, viz. PHCs Murumgaon in Maharashtra; Ramgarh in Jharkhand; Kodah, Falka, Mahua and Lalganj in Bihar. In Phulwari Shareef PHC of Patna district in Bihar, @entity318 produced 89% mortality in P. argentipes, indicating resistant/tolerance (verification required) to @entity318 . The corrected percent mortality to @entity2959 (5%) in different areas ranged between 98 and 100%; and to @entity316 (0.05%) between 98.4 and 100%. The results showed that the tested P. argentipes are susceptible to @entity2959 and @entity316 . CONCLUSION: Phlebotomus argentipes are still susceptible to @entity2959 and @entity316 , but resistant to @entity318 . The susceptibility status of P. argentipes should be monitored regularly in diversified situations to ascertain the judicious use of insecticides being used for indoor residual spraying in the programme for rational use of appropriate insecticide.

title: Insecticide susceptibility status of Phlebotomus argentipes, a vector of XXXX in different foci in three states of India.

entities_list: @entity316 :: ('MESH:C017180', 'Chemical') :: ['deltamethrin']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity2959 :: ('MESH:D008294', 'Chemical') :: ['malathion']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the practicality of current diagnostic criteria of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in @entity1 with @entity1503 @entity5 , so as to enhance the recognition of characteristics of pulmonary IFI after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS: The clinical features of 51 cases with IFI after allo-HSCT were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Pulmonary IFI accounted for 42.1% (51/121) of the whole infectious pneumonia diagnosed among the @entity1 admitted during the study. One (2.0%) case was proven diagnosis; 24 (47.1%) were probable diagnosis and 26 (51.0%) were possible diagnosis. The using of immuno-suppressors and corticosteroids, and the presence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) were the main host factors. The @entity1 with two or more host factors simultaneously accounted for 66.7% (34/51) of all pulmonary IFI @entity1 . Totally 94.1% (48/51) of the @entity1 with pulmonary IFI presented nodules and/or patches as the main features in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scanning. The positive rates of fungal antigen detection were 58.6% for G test and 33.3% for GM test, which were relatively high. Twenty @entity1 (39.2%) showed decrease of arterial partial pressure of @entity26 and @entity519 in blood-gas analysis. CONCLUSIONS: For the diagnosis of pulmonary IFI post allo-HSCT, the administration of immuno-suppressors and corticosteroids, and the presence of @entity2132 were the main host factors. Nodules and/or patches were the main features in HRCT image. Fungus antigen detection is the main tool to support clinical diagnosis.

title: [The value of the current diagnostic criteria of pulmonary invasive XXXX after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['/malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with major feeding problems and their parents, meals may be unpleasant. We aimed to evaluate how insertion of a @entity5274 influenced parent- @entity1 communication and satisfaction during meals, as well as duration of meals, @entity391 , and growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 admitted for a @entity5274 placement were included. Age, sex, diagnosis, and preoperative nasogastric tube were registered. Weight, height, oral feeding, duration of meals, and @entity391 were assessed preoperatively and 6 and 18 months postoperatively. We used a numeric rating scale to assess parent-reported parental stress, @entity1 satisfaction, parent satisfaction, and parent- @entity1 communication during meals at all 3 time points. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 were included: 33 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 . Median age was 1.7 years (range, 0.5-14.7 years). Thirty-nine were @entity16 , and 44 had a nasogastric tube for a median of 7.5 months (range, 0.5-28 months) preoperatively. @entity1 satisfaction (P = .001), parent satisfaction (P = .006), and parent- @entity1 communication (P = .026) during meals were significantly improved 18 months after receiving a @entity5274 . Vomiting was reduced in 42%, oral intake increased in 49%, and weight-for-height percentile increased in 55% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with major feeding problems, a @entity5274 improved parent- @entity1 communication and satisfaction during meals. Furthermore, oral intake was increased, and @entity391 was reduced. Growth improved in around half of the @entity1 .

title: Parent-reported effects of XXXX placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologically impaired']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['oral intake, vomiting', 'vomiting']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['gastrostomy tube']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prevention of @entity548 and @entity16 in severe @entity447 is dependent on adherence to prophylactic replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to prophylaxis, including associations with age, @entity548 and clotting factor consumption (CFC). In three Dutch @entity447 centres, semi-structured interviews about adherence to prophylaxis in the previous 2  weeks were conducted with @entity1 or parents of a @entity1 with @entity447 . @entity1 were classified, according to pre-specified definitions, as adherent, sub-optimally adherent or non-adherent based on missing, timing, and dose of infusions. Association of annual @entity548 rates, mean CFC, @entity1 performing the infusion (parents verus @entity1 ) with adherence categories were analysed. Overall, 241 @entity1 with @entity447 using prophylaxis were studied. Parents were more adherent (66%; n  =  48/73) than @entity1 (43%; n  =  72/168). Sub-optimal adherence occurred in 29% of parents and 37% of @entity1 and was characterized by changes in timing of infusion (mostly from morning to evening), while missing <6% of infusions. Non-adherence occurred less often: in 5% of parents and 20% of @entity1 . Reduced adherence was associated with lower CFC, but not with @entity548 . In conclusion, non-adherence in @entity447 was relatively rare, yet 1/3 of @entity1 struggled to administer prophylaxis at the appropriate time of day.

title: Adherence to prophylaxis and @entity548 outcome in XXXX : a multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'joint bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: The authors report a case of an @entity1 @entity1 with @entity4651 -cutis @entity31960 ( @entity49766 ). This @entity1 presented with @entity245 , mild @entity2341 , and occasional apneic spells. An MRI demonstrated mild to moderate lateral ventricle hydrocephalus, left hemi- @entity4651 , and @entity3976 with full occlusion of the cisterna magna. Her foramen magnum was narrowed, measuring 17.5mm in transverse diameter. This value was significantly below the 50th percentile for age, which @entity4318 .5mm. Together, these findings were suggestive of @entity1745 , concerning for @entity944 . The @entity1 underwent posterior fossa decompression by suboccipital craniectomy and cervical laminectomy. Initially due to @entity1184 and @entity3746 , endotracheal intubation was not achieved, requiring tracheostomy tube placement. To our knowledge this is the first report of @entity386 in a @entity1 diagnosed with M-CMTC, likely due to @entity1745 and perhaps exacerbated by unilateral @entity1184 . M-CMTC is a newly-described hemi- @entity1184 syndrome affecting the neurodevelopment of affected @entity1 . The authors emphasize airway obstruction secondary to unilateral @entity1184 of the vocal cords in addition to brainstem compromise as a consideration for the etiology of @entity386 in M-CMTC @entity1 presenting with signs and symptoms of @entity1745 .

title: XXXX and @entity4651 -cutis @entity31960 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['left cerebellar tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2341 :: ('MESH:D004370', 'Disease') :: ['subcostal retractions']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cervicomedullary cord compression']

entities_list: @entity49766 :: ('MESH:C564257', 'Disease') :: ['Macrocephaly-CMTC']

entities_list: @entity31960 :: ('MESH:C536226', 'Disease') :: ['marmorata telangiectatica congenita']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis of the left true and false vocal cords']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['megalencephaly', 'macrocephaly']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['Apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence that the coexistence of @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) leads to poor glycemic control and an increased risk of long-term complications. METHODS: In a questionnaire- and interview-based study, a sample of 36 out of originally 38 (94.7%) @entity6 @entity1 with an @entity1277 (type-1: n=13, type-2: n=23) was assessed after a period of about 2 years in order to determine the course of @entity26144 , body mass index (BMI), glycemic control, and @entity146 symptomatology. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (13.9%) of the total sample showed full remission for at least 12 consecutive weeks. Twenty-two @entity1 (61.6%) showed no change in the diagnosis of the @entity1277 . Four @entity1 (11.1%) shifted from subclinical to clinical @entity26144 and five @entity1 (13.9%) vice versa. Of the eight @entity1 who went on to psychotherapy, only one @entity1 (12.5%) showed full remission. Emotional distress of type-2 @entity6 was considerably higher compared to type-1 @entity6 , which was rather low at baseline. Except interpersonal distrust as one @entity1277 -related variable, no significant change of any psychological variable could be observed in the type-1 @entity6 sample during follow-up. Of the 13 type-1 @entity6 @entity1 with an @entity1277 , five @entity1 deliberately omitted insulin in order to lose weight. These @entity1 showed a more serious psychopathology with regard to each measured psychological variable, a higher BMI, and worse metabolic control compared to those without insulin omission. Type-2 @entity6 showed a significant increase in drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. No considerable change could be observed with regard to BMI, glycemic control, and @entity146 in either @entity6 subsample during follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity26144 tended to persist over time with a considerable shift within the different types of @entity26144 . Insulin-purging in type-1 @entity6 was associated with enhanced psychopathology, higher BMI, and worse metabolic control. Both mean body mass and @entity1277 -related symptoms such as " @entity14968 " increased in the average obese type-2 @entity6 sample, illustrating the vicious circle of low self-esteem, enhanced restraint eating, and binge eating in weight control measures.

title: Comorbidity of XXXX and @entity1277 : a follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'depressive and global psychiatric symptomatology']

entities_list: @entity14968 :: ('MESH:D013851', 'Disease') :: ['drive for thinness" and "body dissatisfaction']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes and eating disorders', 'ED']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: There is evidence that donor-derived dendritic cells (DC), particularly those at a precursor/immature stage, may play a role in the immune privilege of liver allografts. Underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have examined the influence of in vitro generated @entity19 liver-derived DC progenitors (DCp) on proliferative, cytotoxic, and @entity630 / @entity61 cytokine responses induced in allogeneic T cells. Liver DCp, propagated in @entity2304 from C57B10 @entity19 (H2b), induced only minimal proliferation, and weak cytotoxic responses in allogeneic (C3H; H2k) T cells compared with mature bone marrow (BM)-derived DC. Flow-cytometric analysis of intracellular cytokine staining revealed that mature BM DC, but not liver DCp, elicited CD4+ T cell production of @entity60 . Intracellular expression of @entity1618 was very low in both BM DC- and liver DCp-stimulated CD4+ T cells. Only stimulation by liver DCp was associated with @entity1618 secretion in primary MLR. Notably, these liver DCp cocultured with allogeneic T cells stained strongly for @entity1618 . Following local (s.c. ) injection in allogeneic recipients, both BM DC and liver DCp homed to T cell areas of draining lymph nodes and spleen, where they were readily detected by immunohistochemistry up to 2 wk postinjection. Liver DCp induced clusters of @entity1618 and @entity58 -secreting mononuclear cells, whereas @entity61 cytokine-secreting cells were not detected in @entity19 injected with mature BM DC. By contrast, comparatively high numbers of @entity60 + cells were induced by BM DC. Modulation of @entity61 cytokine production by donor-derived DCp may contribute to the comparative immune privilege of hepatic allografts.

title: Effects of liver-derived dendritic cell progenitors on @entity630 - and XXXX -like cytokine responses in vitro and in vivo.

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary surgical management of @entity3969 with intravascular @entity5 extension is associated with significant morbidity. Retrospective analysis of a group of @entity3969 @entity1 with intravascular @entity5 extension treated with preoperative therapy was performed to evaluate the feasibility of this approach. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with caval (15 @entity1 ) or atrial (15 @entity1 ) extension of @entity3969 who received preoperative therapy were reviewed. @entity1 were classified according to the stage of the disease as follows: (1) Stage III, 7 @entity1 ; (2) Stage IV, 18 @entity1 ; and (3) Stage V, 5 @entity1 . The histologic type was favorable in 20 @entity1 , anaplastic @entity3969 in 7, and unknown in 3. All of the @entity1 received preoperative chemotherapy, ranging from 1-16 weeks with an average of 7.2 weeks. RESULTS: One @entity1 died of progressive disease and another from @entity137 before surgery. In 23 @entity1 , a decrease in the size of the intravascular extension was noted preoperatively, without @entity5 embolization in any case. There was complete resolution of @entity5 thrombus in seven @entity1 . Two-year survival for the entire group is 70%, with a median follow-up period of 21 months. CONCLUSIONS: The use of preoperative therapy is appropriate in selected @entity1 with extensive intravascular @entity5 involvement. Surgical management was facilitated in the majority of cases due to shrinkage of the @entity5 and reduction in the size of the @entity5 thrombus.

title: Preoperative therapy for intracaval and atrial extension of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 following colorectal resection and @entity254 has been proposed as a colorectal surgical indicator. Leak rates after elective surgery vary and tend to be higher as anastomoses become lower. The present study audits leak rates and outcomes of @entity1 undergoing colorectal surgery, under the care of a single surgeon, in two geographically different centres. METHODS: @entity1 presenting to the University Colorectal Service in Wellington between 1975 and 1990 and @entity1 presenting to the colorectal service at King Faisal Specialist Hospital (KFSH) between 1990 and 1999 were recorded in computerized databases. These databases were searched for @entity1 who developed @entity834 . The records of @entity1 identified were examined in relation to diagnoses, presentation, primary operation, further surgery performed, and final outcome. RESULTS: Two thousand and 11 @entity1 were entered into the Wellington database and 1,348 were entered into the Riyadh database. Twenty-nine @entity1 with a leaking @entity254 (3.6%) were identified. There were 19 male @entity1 . The postoperative mortality rate in @entity1 who did not leak was 1.7% but in @entity1 who developed a leak after the same operation this rate was 24.1%. Most @entity1 who sustained a leak had an original diagnosis of @entity14 . More non-leaking anastomoses were sutured. Sixteen @entity1 with leaks (55.2%) received perioperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (9.2% in the no-leak group). Leaking anastomoses were associated with more postoperative respiratory problems (55.2% vs 24.0%) and wound @entity281 (65.5% vs 14.8%). Of the 22 living @entity1 , seven had no surgical intervention, 14 had stomata (two stomata were retained) and one @entity1 with a localized leak was drained percutaneously. Five other @entity1 in addition to having a stoma constructed were drained percutaneously. No @entity1 developed an enteric @entity292 following leakage. CONCLUSION: @entity834 may be minimized by ensuring that @entity1 are as fit as possible prior to surgery, stomata are used liberally, particularly in emergency @entity1 , and a good anastomotic technique is utilized at all times. Despite these precautions some @entity1 will still develop a leak and if timely and appropriate action is taken the majority will survive and have their stomata closed.

title: XXXX in colorectal surgery: a single surgeon's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['Anastomotic leak']


abstract: Glia mediate neuroendocrine and neuroimmune functions that are altered during the process of normal aging. The biological functions of glia are also important in synaptic remodeling and the loss of synaptic connections that occur during aging. These functions are carried out by changes in glia, including changes in shape, interactions with neurons and other glia, and gene expression. The predominant change that occurs in glia during aging is glial activation, which can progress to reactive @entity5219 in response to @entity179 . More markers are needed to distinguish normal and reactive glia. During aging, astrocytes @entity1184 and exhibit signs of metabolic activation, and astrocytic processes surround neurons. Microglia also become activated and subsets of activated microglial increase in number and may enter the phagocytic or reactive stage. Glial markers of @entity75 and glial activation include @entity538 ( @entity538 ) and @entity2533 , which are increased in astrocytes and microglia, respectively. @entity230 regulate the interactions between glia and neurons and glial gene expression, including @entity538 and @entity2533 . Therefore, changes in these parameters during aging may be due to altered @entity134 regulation. In general, the effects of @entity230 oppose the effects of aging. Recent data indicate that @entity134 treatment can decrease the expression of @entity538 in the aged brain, yet @entity538 is resistant to down-regulation by endogenous glucocorticoids. Cellular and molecular markers of glial activation are being used to determine how changes in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune regulation contribute to repair and functional recovery that may reverse @entity393 and @entity73 during aging.

title: Glial responses to XXXX as markers of @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain aging']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic loss']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1635 spend most of their time in the sitting position. The @entity85 , @entity530 and uneven weight distribution on the seating surface necessitates frequent seating adaptations in the wheelchair. In this prospective study, 45 wheelchair-bound @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively and 43 postoperatively. The pre- and postoperative evaluation was done by an independent observer. Surgical correction was performed between 1993 and 1996. Assessments included sitting balance on a box; number of seating supports in the wheelchair; weight distribution on the seating surface, measured with a computerized EMED system; Cobb angle; @entity572 ; mediolateral translation of T1 and of the apex vertebra with reference to a perpendicular line drawn upwards from the spinal process of S1; and @entity530 from a line drawn between the most proximal points in the iliac crests. X-rays for the measurement of Cobb angle and @entity530 were performed in sitting position. Reference values for normal weight distribution on the seating surface were obtained for 27 normal subjects and revealed a mean value of 59% of weight supported on one side. A stepwise regression analysis on the preoperative results showed that @entity530 and thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal imbalance explained weight distribution on the seating surface (R(2)=0.45). There were significant improvements in all variables except in sitting balance and imbalance of T1, 1 year postoperatively. When dividing the material into two subgroups, the results showed no significant difference in any of the assessed parameters of the @entity1635 , @entity530 , or sitting position between individuals with even (50-59% on one side) and those with uneven (60-100% on one side) weight distribution postoperatively. The results of the assessment showed a significant improvement after surgical correction, but the majority still had @entity530 and uneven weight distribution in a sitting position. The weight distribution on the seating surface preoperatively was explained by thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal imbalance and @entity530 , with R(2)= 0.45. There were no significant differences in any variables in comparisons between individuals with even weight distribution and those with uneven weight distribution. For the group with even weight distribution, however, the mean @entity530 was 6 degrees and in the group with uneven weight distribution the mean @entity530 was 12 degrees. Attention to seating surface and adjustment of seating position is needed for @entity1 with @entity1635 .

title: Weight distribution in the sitting position in XXXX with @entity1635 : pre- and postoperative evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'paralytic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic obliquity']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity6 often suffer from @entity6 , a condition leading to foot ulceration or even amputation of lower extremity. @entity1897 combined with repetitive @entity130 to the foot and @entity1095 are the main etiological factors in the development of foot @entity1066 . Other major contributive factors include the effects of callus, @entity101 , and @entity281 . @entity1 education concerning their disease has a central role in the prevention of foot @entity1066 . Ordinary preventive measures taken by the @entity1 include regular self-inspections, appropriate daily hygiene of the feet, appropriate footwear to @entity551 , and medical pedicure performed by a pedicurist experienced in @entity6 @entity1 . The importance of callus in @entity6 @entity1 has been shown in several studies by high predictability of subsequent ulcer development in @entity1 with @entity1411 . For removing callus, @entity1133 based preparations are considered to be the treatment of choice. In case of local bacterial and fungal @entity6 , systemic antibiotic and systemic antimycotic therapy is indicated, respectively. Wound dressings of various types are the mainstay in the treatment of chronic foot @entity1066 with avoidance of occlusive dressings in infected @entity1066 . Since the vast majority of @entity1066 and amputations can be prevented in @entity6 @entity1 , proper diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach are essential.

title: XXXX --dermatological point of view.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased plantar pressures']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot syndrome', 'diabetic', 'diabetic foot infections', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar calluses']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infections']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduce plantar pressures']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic foot syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: --To examine the added neonatal cost and length of hospital stay associated with fetal @entity2072 exposure. DESIGN: --All @entity2072 -exposed @entity1 in the study population (n = 355) were compared with a random sample of unexposed @entity1 (n = 199). Regression analysis was used to control for the independent effects of maternal age, smoking, @entity167 consumption, prenatal care, race, gravidity, and sex of the @entity1 . SETTING: --A large, public, inner-city hospital studied from 1985 to 1986. @entity1 : --All @entity1 were routinely tested for illicit substances, records were reviewed for maternal histories of @entity734 , and all known @entity2072 -exposed singleton @entity1 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: --Cost and length of stay until each @entity1 was medically cleared for hospital discharge and cost and length of stay until each @entity1 was actually discharged from the hospital. RESULTS: --Neonatal hospital costs until medically cleared for discharge were  5200 more for @entity2072 -exposed @entity1 than for unexposed @entity1 (a difference of  7957 vs  2757 [P = .003]). The costs of @entity1 remaining in the nursery while awaiting home and social evaluation or foster care placement increased this difference by more than  3500 (P less than .0001). Compared with other forms of @entity2072 , fetal exposure to crack was associated with much larger cost increases ( 6735 vs  1226). Exposure to other illicit substances in addition to @entity2072 was also associated with much larger cost increases ( 8450 vs  1283). CONCLUSIONS: --At the national level, we estimate that these individual medical costs add up to about  500 million. The large magnitude of these costs indicates that effective treatment programs for maternal @entity2072 abusers could yield savings within their first year of operation.

title: The neonatal costs of maternal XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beginning in 1983, the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) conducted a prospective clinicopathologic study of primary @entity320 . The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship of histopathologic parameters and microstaging to the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging and prognosis. METHODS: All @entity1 with primary untreated @entity320 and no history of previous or subsequent other primary invasive malignancy were eligible for study entry. All @entity1 were required to have modified radical hemivulvectomy as minimal therapy. Groin dissection was optional. Histopathologic specimens were reviewed for capillary space involvement, Clark's level, Breslow's depth of invasion, cell type, and melanin distribution. @entity1 characteristics were analyzed in their relationship to groin node status and recurrence-free interval. RESULTS: Between 1983 and 1990, 81 @entity1 were entered in the study. Of these, 71 were evaluable. Thirty-four @entity1 underwent radical hemivulvectomy, and 37 @entity1 underwent radical vulvectomy. In addition, 56 @entity1 underwent groin node dissection. The factors that were independently correlated with groin node status were: capillary lymphatic space involvement (p = 0.0001) and central @entity5 location (i.e., bilateral/clitoral/T3) (P = 0.003). The other factors that were significant--clinical @entity5 size, vulvar staging (FIGO), GOG performance status, and Breslow's depth of invasion--were not independent predictors of positive nodes. The factor with the highest significant correlation with recurrence-free interval was the 1992 staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for @entity320 . Using multiple regression, AJCC stage was the only independent prognostic factor. In the absence of AJCC stage, Breslow's depth of invasion was the most prognostic. CONCLUSION: The biologic behavior of @entity320 is similar to other nongenital @entity320 .

title: XXXX of the vulva treated by radical hemivulvectomy. A prospective study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma of the vulva', 'vulvar melanoma', 'cutaneous malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma of the skin']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma']


abstract: @entity13627 (9-AC) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor currently being developed as an antineoplastic agent. The aim of these preclinical studies was to assess the activity of 9-AC against @entity263 , a @entity5 notoriously insensitive to most cytotoxic agents in the clinic. The activity of 9-AC was first tested in vitro against one hormone-sensitive (LNCaP) and three hormone-resistant (PC-3, PC-3M, and DU145) @entity1 @entity263 cell lines. After 96 h of drug exposure, concentrations required to inhibit cell viability to 50% of control values (IC50s) were 34.1, 10, 6.5, and 8.9 nm for PC-3, PC-3M, DU145, and LNCaP, respectively. Because 9-AC is known to undergo rapid hydrolysis, we assayed @entity13629 levels in tissue culture medium over 24 h and found that the half-life was 20 min, with only 15%of the drug remaining as @entity13629 at steady state. Consequently, the IC50s calculated from a single dose of the drug may represent overestimates. Subsequently, we tested the activity of a colloidal dispersion formulation of 9-AC against PC-3 implanted into flanks of @entity19 . 9-AC was given for a total of 3 weeks by daily oral gavage (excluding weekends) or by twice weekly s.c. injections. 9-AC inhibited @entity5 growth at the lowest oral dose (0.35 mg/kg/day), whereas higher oral doses (0.75 and 1 mg/kg/day) and s.c. administration (4 mg/kg/week) caused @entity5 regression. 9-AC was well tolerated at all doses, with no @entity137 or weight loss of more than 10% observed in any group. Finally, we considered that the activity of 9-AC seen in the @entity19 xenograft model might be explained, in part, by the relatively acidic @entity5 microenvironment, which would favor the formation of the more potent @entity13629 . Simultaneous determination of plasma and @entity5 9-AC @entity13629 concentrations confirmed this hypothesis. Taken together, these studies suggest that 9-AC should be submitted for clinical trials in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: XXXX : a topoisomerase I inhibitor with preclinical activity in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic death']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity13627 :: ('MESH:C080125', 'Chemical') :: ['9-Aminocamptothecin']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

answer: @entity13627 :: (MESH:C080125,Chemical) :: ['9-Aminocamptothecin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to determine the correlation between @entity2194 and respiratory or cutaneous complications in a group of 40 Iranian veterans with late complications of @entity26687 mustard (SM) @entity4968 . METHODS: Thorough ophthalmologic examination was performed on all severely SM-poisoned veterans in the province of Khorasan, Iran. Spirometric evaluation of pulmonary function, as well as estimation of the burned skin area, was performed for all the @entity1 . The severities of ocular, respiratory and cutaneous complications were classified into four grades in each @entity1 and were compared with each other, using Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS: Forty male @entity1 (aged 43.8 +/- 9.8 years) with confirmed SM @entity4968 were studied 16-20 years after their initial exposure. Common symptoms were recorded as itching (42.5%), burning sensation (37.5%), @entity3917 (30%) and tearing (27.5%). Abnormal conjunctival and limbal findings were @entity102 (17.5%), perilimbal @entity2117 (17.5%), vascular tortuosity (15%) and limbal ischaemia (12.5%). Abnormal corneal findings were @entity231 (15%), @entity2687 (15%), diffuse @entity5575 (10%), @entity2295 (7.5%) and @entity2543 (5%). A significant positive correlation was found between the severity of @entity1576 (r = 0.322, P = 0.043). Cutaneous complications revealed no significant correlation with either @entity1576 . CONCLUSIONS: SM causes delayed destructive lesions in the ocular surface and @entity267 , leading to progressive @entity227 . Late complications of SM @entity735 , respiratory system and skin are mainly due to SM's local irritant effects.

title: XXXX of mustard gas poisoning and the relationship with respiratory and cutaneous complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration and ocular irritation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['subepithelial opacity']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning in the eyes']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial defects']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal thinning']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular or respiratory complications', 'ocular and respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Delayed ocular complications']


abstract: @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity310 ) is a cytokine with pleiotropic effects on cells ranging from proliferation to apoptosis. These biological effects of @entity310 are believed to be elicited by the induction or enhancement of the expression of @entity310 responsive genes in the target cells. @entity310 is pro-inflammatory and a principal mediator in the pathogenesis of @entity625 . The activation of an inflammatory cascade by @entity310 in @entity625 results in the degradation of cartilage, joint destruction and loss of function. Because @entity310 is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of @entity625 , the present study addresses the identification of novel @entity310 responsive genes in HTB-94 cell line which is of @entity1 origin and maintains a chondrocytic phenotype. The three identified cDNAs were previously not known to be induced or upregulated by @entity310 in chondrocytes or cells of chondrocytic lineage. One of the identified cDNAs had sequence similarity to @entity1 hydroxyl lyase mRNA ( @entity28638 ), an enzyme involved in collagen biosynthesis and its metabolism; the second cDNA had sequence similarity to the human @entity40484 mRNA (CAP-2), a member of a group of proteins shown to be associated with protecting cells from @entity310 -induced apoptosis; and the third cDNA had sequence similarity to a dual specificity kinase, @entity47252 , which is associated with cell proliferation. Relative gene expression level analysis by PCR and by Northern blotting revealed that treatment with @entity310 enhanced the expression of @entity28638 , @entity46524 and @entity47252 transcripts which confirmed the results obtained with display gels. Furthermore, @entity47252 mRNA expression was also induced in @entity1 articular chondrocytes treated with @entity310 but not in untreated chondrocytes. Our results suggest that these genes may play a role in chondrocytic responses to @entity310 -mediated stimuli affecting the cartilage homeostasis.

title: @entity5 factor alpha enhances the expression of hydroxyl lyase, @entity40484 and a dual specificity kinase XXXX in @entity1 chondrocyte-like cells.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity40484 :: ('5271', 'Gene') :: ['cytoplasmic anti-proteinase-2']

answer: @entity47252 :: (7272,Gene) :: ['TTK']


abstract: Elevated @entity3494 (As) concentrations in drinking water are a major worldwide public health concern. Exposure to As is associated with @entity105 , @entity272 , @entity65 , @entity73 , and other disorders. However, little is known regarding chronic As-mediated effects on the eye. Oxidative stress is believed to be an important factor in As-related pathology and is also implicated in certain @entity2194 such as @entity231 . Thus, elevated exposure to @entity3494 could potentially be a contributing factor for ocular pathology. A pilot study was therefore initiated to determine whether As could be detected in eye tissue of @entity19 exposed to @entity7249 in drinking water. Total As concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy in whole eyes, lens, liver, heart, lung, kidneys, spleen, brain, and hair from @entity19 given 0, 10, 50, or 250 ppm @entity7249 in their drinking water for 4 wk or 0, 10 or 50 ppm for 6 mo. Dose-dependent increases in As concentration were observed in all organs and tissues. Surprisingly, As concentrations in the eye and lens were significantly higher than those in liver, lung, heart, spleen, and brain and similar to that found in kidneys. The relatively high concentration in the eye, and the lens in particular, suggests As exposure may be a contributing factor in @entity231 formation in parts of the world where As in drinking water is endemic.

title: Arsenite accumulation in the XXXX eye.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity7249 :: ('MESH:C017947', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium arsenite']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: An 81-year-old female presented with severe @entity10 . Computed tomography revealed @entity510 . She developed right facial nerve paresis on the next day. Angiography revealed a right vertebral artery-posterior @entity5487 . The @entity439 was successfully occluded with interlocking detachable coils (IDCs) on the 7th day. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging 1 month after IDC placement showed partially thrombosed @entity439 near the internal acoustic meatus. Ten months after the ictus, MR imaging revealed marked resolution of the intra-aneurysmal @entity715 and reduction of the @entity439 size. Her facial nerve function gradually recovered during this period. Her facial nerve paresis was probably caused by acute stretching of the facial nerve by the @entity1756 that was in direct contact with the nerve. Intra-aneurysmal @entity715 using coils can reduce @entity439 size and alleviate @entity129 .

title: Ruptured vertebral artery-posterior XXXX associated with facial nerve paresis successfully treated with interlocking detachable coils--case report.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve symptoms']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity5487 :: (MESH:D014854,Disease) :: ['inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) can be combined with biological treatments for recalcitrant organic pollutant decomposition. However, there has been no thorough investigation on the coupling of AOPs and membrane bioreactors (MBR) to treat polymer organic pollutants. This study proposes a new AOP that couples electron beam (EB) radiation and MBR treatment. This method was applied to treat real textile effluents containing @entity4832 ( @entity939 ). During the stable operation stage, 31      7% (n  =  28) COD was removed by the EB-MBR process. COD removal was enhanced to 45% at the end of the research period without process optimization. In addition, both the membrane flux and activated sludge system exhibited good stability. Only a 2% membrane flux decreased was observed after a 46 d operation period. @entity939 radiolysis and biofacies analysis mechanisms are also discussed. By contrast, @entity939 degradation using only the MBR treatment was ineffective in this study. This ineffectiveness was caused by membrane interception and floccule formation by @entity939 and activated sludge.

title: Coupled electron beam radiation and MBR treatment of textile wastewater containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: 1. Homogeneous preparations of resealed ghosts with intracellular @entity4338 concentrations between 15 and 900 mM could be prepared. Virtually all ghosts sealed to @entity2865 . The @entity2865 transport system was found not to be damaged: a quantitative comparison of the self-exchange of 36Cl- across intact and resealed membranes showed that both the transport capacity and a number of characteristic properties were identical (saturation kinetics, temperature dependence and the effect of inhibitors). 2. Due to the absence of intracellular titratable buffers intracellular @entity2865 concentration in ghosts vary only slightly between pH5 and 11. The unidirectional exchange flux was constant between pH 7 and 11, showing that the transport system does not have a functionally important titratable group in the alkaline range, as previously assumed. The decrease of transport below pH 7 is similar in intact erythrocytes and ghosts. 3. Mean cellular volume of the resealed ghosts was a function of the amount of @entity4338 added at 'reversal', before the ghosts are sealed. The ghosts shrank by osmosis when @entity4338 was added to the suspension of 'unsealed' ghosts. The reflexion coefficient of @entity969 (and therefore the osmotic effect) is larger than that of @entity4338 . It was, therefore, possible to demonstrate that volume changes do not affect the @entity2865 transport across the @entity1 red cell membrane. Unidirectional @entity2865 fluxes at a @entity4338 concentration of 165 mM were independent of ghost volume (100-40 mum3).

title: XXXX transport in @entity1 erythrocytes and ghosts: a quantitative comparison.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity2865 :: (CHEBI:17996,Chemical) :: ['Chloride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A push toward care provided by generalists as opposed to specialists has occurred in the health-care marketplace despite a lack of provider specific outcome data. The objective of this study was to determine whether the outcome of @entity1 undergoing @entity2 surgery is different between general surgeons (GSs) and @entity1514 ( @entity1514 ). DESIGN: Examination of data from a state-wide severity-adjusted administrative hospital discharge database. SETTING/ @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing @entity2 resection in all nonfederal acute care hospitals within South Carolina. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality by specialty adjusted for case mix. RESULTS: From 1991 to 1995, 1,720 resections for @entity2 were performed in South Carolina. One hundred thirty-seven cases were excluded because surgeons did not meet the predefined criteria for board certification, leaving 1,583 resections for analysis. One-half of lobectomies and nearly 60% of pneumonectomies were performed by GSs. @entity1 were similar in age, sex, gender, race, and the proportion in each severity of illness subclass. Mortality was significantly higher in @entity1 who underwent lobectomy by GSs vs @entity1514 (5.3% vs 3.0%; p<0.05) and in @entity1 with extreme comorbidities (43.6% vs 25.4%; p=0.03) or age >65 years (7.4% vs 3.5%; p<0.05). Seventy percent of @entity1514 performed > 10 cases in the series, whereas 75% of GSs performed <10 (p=0.05). Logistic regression analysis failed to identify any significant variable that might explain the mortality differences between @entity1514 and GSs. CONCLUSION: Mortality is lower for @entity2 resection when the surgery is performed by a @entity1950 .

title: Specialists achieve better outcomes than generalists for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['TSs', 'thoracic surgeons']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a rare entity of difficult preoperative diagnosis. BACKGROUND: Primary @entity320 represents 0.1% of all @entity5 in this organ. It has been described in association with esophageal melanocytosis and @entity1709 with a clinic behavior similar to other @entity5 in the esophagus, but is more @entity146 and fatal. By endoscopy, it usually appears as a vegetant, @entity3885 , with dark pigmentation in the melanotic variant, the sole evidence that suggests the diagnosis prior to microscopic examination. Clinical exclusion of metastasis @entity320 as a possibility is obligatory. METHODS: We reviewed clinical, imagenologic, endoscopic, and anatomopathological aspects of an ulcerovegetant @entity5 on the esophago-gastric junction, surgically resected, in a 65 years-old @entity1 with progressive @entity1282 , who was without tumoral relapse during 18 months after surgery. RESULTS: The tumoral mass was an anaplastic cell @entity5 with very scant melanic pigmentation and diffuses stain for @entity4483 protein, considering it to be a primary @entity320 . The neighboring mucous membrane showed a typical @entity355 and @entity1373 . CONCLUSIONS: 1) Endoscopy may suggest the possibility of @entity320 when there is a vegetate, non-obstructive, pigmented @entity5 . 2) Immunohistochemistry confirms the entity if @entity4483 protein are detected in the tumoral cells, while the negative results for keratin and leukocytic common antigen (LCA) eliminate @entity189 and @entity706 as possible diagnoses. 3) In our case, the presence of @entity355 is exceptional, because it has not been described previously in the literature reviewed.

title: [Primary @entity320 . Unusual case with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructive lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanosis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma of the esophagus', 'malignant melanoma', 'esophagus melanoma']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work has established that @entity4487 epidural anesthesia has no effect on circulating plasma @entity1425 concentrations in young, healthy, resting volunteers, and results in a decrease in @entity1063 concentration only when a level of @entity1337 to pinprick of @entity30766 is reached. The current study was performed to evaluate the possibility that this finding is unique to @entity4487 . METHODS: Nine healthy volunteers were studied on three occasions at least 48 h apart; each received three local anesthetics (0.75% @entity1341 , 2% @entity3303 , and 3% @entity4487 , all without @entity1425 ). After placement of lumbar epidural and central venous catheters, blood samples were drawn from the central venous catheter at the following stages: (1) 20 min after catheter placement (baseline), (2) during the first cold pressor test (CPT; hand held in an ice water bath for 90 s), (3) 20 min after reaching epidural @entity1337 to T-1 level of @entity1337 , and (4) during a second CPT (epidural @entity1337 to T-1). Monitoring consisted of noninvasive cardiac output (impedance), noninvasive blood pressure, and EKG. RESULTS: Extensive @entity616 (stage 3) altered measured variables only minimally with respect to resting baseline state. During stage 2 (first CPT), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), @entity1425 , and @entity1063 increased. During stage 4 (second CPT), increases in HR and CI were not attenuated by any of the three local anesthetics. Increases in MAP were attenuated by epidural anesthesia with all three local anesthetics. @entity1341 and @entity4487 epidural anesthesia significantly attenuated increases in plasma @entity2661 , but @entity3303 epidural anesthesia did not. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural anesthesia with all three local anesthetic agents tested resulted in an incomplete sympathectomy in the resting state in healthy young @entity1 , judged by plasma @entity2922 concentrations and cardiovascular variables minimally changed from resting baseline. @entity3303 epidural anesthesia did not attenuate the @entity2922 response to @entity1191 , indicating decreased blockade of sympathetic efferent neural traffic compared with @entity1341 and @entity4487 epidural anesthesia.

title: Does the choice of local anesthetic affect the XXXX response to stress during epidural anesthesia?

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4487 :: ('MESH:C004616', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloroprocaine', 'chloroprocaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['epidural block']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Slow-release @entity1388 devices have been investigated as a potentially cost-effective method of reducing dental caries in those with high risk of disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of different types of slow-release @entity1388 devices on preventing, arresting, or reversing the progression of carious lesions on all surface types of deciduous and permanent teeth. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched (up until February 2005) multiple electronic databases (Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE), bibliographic references of identified randomised controlled trials ( @entity23 ), textbooks, review articles, and meta-analyses. Letters were sent to authors of identified @entity23 asking for clarifications and unpublished or ongoing research. Relevant journals were handsearched for more recent reports than those obtained from databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or @entity23 ( @entity23 ) comparing slow-release @entity1388 devices with an alternative @entity1388 treatment, placebo, or no intervention in all age groups. The main outcomes measures sought were changes in numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surfaces (DMFT/DMFS in permanent teeth or dmft/dmfs in primary teeth) and progression of carious lesions through enamel and into dentine. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Abstracts of all reports identified were considered independently by two review authors and full reports obtained of any potentially relevant articles to allow further assessment for relevance and validity. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two and three review authors respectively, with arbitration by the fourth. Where uncertainty existed, authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS: Only one trial involving 174 @entity1 fully met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Although 132 @entity1 were still included in the trial at the 2-year completion point, examination and statistical analysis was performed on only the 63 @entity1 who had retained the beads. Thirty-one of these were in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. Amongst these 63 @entity1 , caries increment was reported to be statistically significantly lower in the intervention group than in the placebo group (mean difference: -0.72 DMFT, 95% confidence interval -1.23 to -0.21 and -1.52 DMFS, 95% confidence interval -2.68 to -0.36) AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence of a caries-inhibiting effect of slow-release @entity1388 glass beads. This evidence is regarded as weak and unreliable because the results were from @entity1 selected on the basis of bead retention rather than an intention-to-treat analysis.

title: Slow-release XXXX devices for the control of dental decay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCTs', 'quasi-randomised controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 ( @entity2723 /CPPS). METHODS: A literature review for the years 1985-2012 was performed using the MEDLINE database of the United States National Library of Medicine. RESULTS: The evidence for @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS is lacking. However, @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS are twice as likely to have had a @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ), and bacteria from @entity1 with @entity2723 /CPPS may be phenotypically different from those that cause @entity2335 or @entity1069 . Evidence continues to support an alteration in both the afferent and efferent autonomic nervous systems. Functional brain imaging suggests changes in the gray matter as well as the importance of the anterior insula and anterior cingulated gyrus in @entity158 processing. Neural function can be modulated by immune and endocrine factors. Alterations in cytokine function and @entity792 appear to play a role in the @entity1200 . Alterations in the @entity2339 can mediate the endocrine effects, similar to many other @entity1118 conditions. Genetics may play a role in who may develop @entity1118 after an initial insult. Finally, any biological changes must then be processed through the psychosocial environment, including the tendency to catastrophize, and degree of spousal support, to produce a given individual @entity1 's @entity158 experience. CONCLUSIONS: Infection with atypical bacteria or sequelae of an @entity2953 may lead to @entity2723 /CPPS in some @entity1 . Such a biological insult in the context of alterations in psychoimmunoneurendocrine factors produces the @entity1118 experience.

title: Etiology of chronic @entity1069 /chronic XXXX : psychoimmunoneurendocrine dysfunction (PINE syndrome) or just a really bad infection?

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis', 'acute prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STD', 'sexually transmitted disease']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']


abstract: AIM: Elderly @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 ( @entity4989 ) are increasing in Japan. They have many difficulties related to advanced age, so it is difficult to determine the appropriate therapy, @entity2690 or @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ). The most appropriate indicators for @entity2690 therapy concerning pancreatic beta cell function in extremely elderly cases of @entity4989 were investigated. METHODS: The subjects were 43 late elderly @entity1 older than 75 years old with @entity4989 , who were @entity28 and without advanced @entity99 or @entity8 . They underwent a 1 mg glucagon load test during hospitalization. After discharge, the therapeutic modality was evaluated. RESULTS: Acceptable control was obtained in 25 cases by @entity1697 (group @entity1697 ), 18 cases required treatment with @entity2690 (group I) because they could not achieve acceptable control by only @entity1697 . Fasting CPR and CPR 6 minutes after glucagon loading (CPR6), CPR increment and CPI (fasting CPR/fasting plasma @entity413 x 100) were significantly lower in group I (p<0.001). On the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis to discriminate the group I, the areas under the curve of CPI, CPR6, FCPR and CPR increment in group I, were 0.973, 0.964, 0.922 and 0.858 respectively. At 0.9 of CPI, the efficiency ((true positive+true negative)/total) (93.0%) and the sum of the sensitivity (88.9%) and the specificity (96.0%) were highest. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that CPI less than 0.9, shows a need for @entity2690 therapy in late elderly @entity1 with @entity4989 . This suggests that CPI can be utilized to indicate the need for @entity2690 therapy without performing glucagon load tests.

title: [Indicators for XXXX therapy in late elderly @entity1 with @entity6 --the relationship between plasma @entity2690 on glucagon load test and @entity2690 therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral hypoglycemic agents', 'OHA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Guidelines for managing @entity565 in pediatric @entity1 published by the American Academy of @entity566 , @entity565 , and Immunology and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend the use of inhaled corticosteroids for the management of persistent @entity565 in @entity1 and young @entity1 . When these guidelines were published, pressurized metered-dose inhalers and dry-powder inhalers were the only delivery devices available for inhaled @entity288 in the United States. These devices can be difficult for young @entity1 to use correctly. Furthermore, no inhaled @entity228 was approved in the United States for the treatment of @entity1 younger than 4 years. @entity4184 inhalation suspension (Pulmicort Respules; AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, Del) was developed to meet the medication delivery needs of @entity1 and young @entity1 with persistent @entity565 . Pulmicort Respules is the first inhaled corticosteroid approved for administration by means of a nebulizer and the only inhaled corticosteroid approved in the United States for @entity1 as young as 12 months. @entity4184 has been studied extensively worldwide. In the United States the tolerability and efficacy of @entity4184 inhalation suspension were confirmed in 3 placebo-controlled multicenter trials. These studies demonstrated that both once- and twice-daily dosing of @entity4184 inhalation suspension (0.25-1 mg) improved pulmonary function and ameliorated @entity565 symptoms in @entity1 and young @entity1 with persistent @entity565 . @entity4184 inhalation suspension was well tolerated, and the incidences of reported adverse events were similar among @entity1 in the @entity4184 , placebo, and conventional @entity565 therapy groups. This article reviews the results of these studies, as well as the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical use of @entity4184 inhalation suspension.

title: XXXX inhalation suspension: a nebulized corticosteroid for persistent @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['Budesonide']


abstract: @entity1504 ( @entity1504 ) (cerebral, epidural, and subdural abscesses, @entity693 , and dural sinus @entity2268 ) remain a challenging and contemporary topic. The progressive pneumatization and continued development of the sinuses after birth and the late appearance of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses imply that some @entity281 would not appear until later childhood. We reviewed the records at a large pediatric hospital between 1986 and 1995 and found 10 @entity1 with 13 @entity1504 ( @entity867 , 5; extra-axial @entity3509 , 5; and @entity693 , 3). Of 43 @entity1 with @entity867 and 16 with extra-axial abscesses treated in this period, 12% of cerebral and 63% of extra axial abscesses were due to a sinogenic source. Multiple intracranial and extracranial complications of @entity1244 in a single @entity1 were common. The average age of @entity1 with @entity1504 was 12.2 years old. We present these 10 cases and discuss their presentation, microbiology, and clinical course. Although the majority presented with a classic picture of @entity10 , @entity1032 , and fever, a few had symptoms that were more subtle. One @entity1 had recurrent @entity693 , believed to be due to skull base dehiscence after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). He has required multiple otolaryngologic and neurosurgical procedures in an effort to prevent further episodes of @entity693 . Ultimately, nine of 10 @entity1 survived with an average hospital stay of 27.8 days (median of 17 days). The diagnosis of @entity1504 requires a high index of suspicion, imaging of the brain and paranasal sinuses, and aggressive intervention.

title: XXXX : a pediatric series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['ICS', 'Intracranial complications of sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral abscess']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['Intracranial complications of sinusitis']


abstract: Regulation of stomata movements is crucial for plants ability to cope with their changing environment. Guard cells' (GC) water potential directs water flux inside/outside this cell, which eventually is causing the stoma to open or close, respectively. Some of the osmolytes which accumulates in the GC cytoplasm and are known to play a role in stomata opening are @entity3363 , arising from chloroplast starch degradation. During stomata closure, the accumulated osmolytes are removed from the GC cytoplasm. Surprisingly little is known about prevention of starch degradation and forming additional @entity3363 which may interfere with osmotic changes that are necessary for correct closure of stomata. One of the early events leading to stomata closure is production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in various subcellular sites and organelles of the stoma. Here we report that ROS production during @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) and @entity19086 (MJ) stimuli in @entity958 GC chloroplasts were more than tripled. Moreover, ROS were detected on the suborganelle level in compartments that are typically occupied by starch grains. This observation leads us to suspect that ROS function in that particular location is necessary for stomata closure. We therefore hypothesize that these ROS are involved in redox control that lead to the inactivation of starch degradation that takes place in these compartments, thus contributing to the stoma closure in an additional way.

title: Zooming into sub-organellar localization of reactive @entity26 species in guard cell chloroplasts during @entity2271 and XXXX treatments.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity19086 :: ('MESH:C072239', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl jasmonate']

answer: @entity19086 :: (MESH:C072239,Chemical) :: ['methyl jasmonate']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was developed to compare median and actuarial survival after @entity1002 vs. left segmental colectomy. METHODS: Between January 1980 and January 1985, 270 consecutive @entity1 (133 males and 137 females; mean age, 64 +/- 12 (range, 18-91) years with left @entity694 located between the left third of the transverse colon and (but not, including) the colorectal juncture were randomly allotted to undergo either @entity1002 or left segmental colectomy. Left hemicolectomy removed the entire left colon along with the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery and the dependent lymphatic territory. Left segmental colectomy removed a more restricted segment of the colon and left the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery unmolested. RESULTS: After elimination of 10 @entity1 for protocol violation, 131 @entity1 with @entity1002 and 129 with left segmental colectomy were analyzed. Both groups were similar with regard to preoperative risk factors (age, sex, @entity28 , @entity353 , @entity417 , @entity6 , @entity82 , @entity177 , @entity134 therapy or radiation therapy performed for any cause other than @entity5 ), pathology findings (size, degree of differentiation, Dukes stage, invasion of lymph nodes at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery), and associated lesions. Only the length of @entity5 -free margins of colon removed was significantly longer in @entity1002 . The number of early postoperative @entity1625 was similar in both groups. Overall, early postoperative mortality was 4 percent higher, but not significantly in @entity1002 (eight deaths, 6 percent) than in left segmental colectomy (three deaths, 2 percent). Median survival was 10 years and nearly equivalent in both groups. The two actuarial survival curves were similar. Bowel movement frequency was significantly increased after @entity1002 during the first postoperative year. Our results suggest that survival after left segmental colectomy is equivalent to that of @entity1002 . Notwithstanding the observation of other carcinologic rules, left segmental colectomy rather than @entity1002 may theoretically be performed under laparoscopy without compromising the carcinologic outcome.

title: Curative resection for left XXXX : hemicolectomy vs. segmental colectomy. A prospective, controlled, multicenter trial. French Association for Surgical Research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal and extra-abdominal complications']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left hemicolectomy']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: In recent years, increasing numbers of @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity1582 have been diagnosed by chance and followed without any therapy. Those at risk for early or late disease progression should be distinguished in order to prevent complications. This study defined prognostic factors that would predict the need for early treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: We followed 95 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity1582 without chemotherapy between 1974 and 1991. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine was conducted in 23% of @entity1 with normal radiographs. An increase in serum @entity1582 protein to more than 50 g/L or new @entity79 justified the institution of chemotherapy. Response to treatment and survival were assessed, and prognostic factors were defined for early or late disease progression by standard techniques. RESULTS: The median time to progression in all @entity1 was 26 months. The 25 @entity1 with either a @entity79 , or both serum peak greater than 30 g/L and Bence Jones @entity644 , had the shortest median time to progression of 10 months; the 27 @entity1 without any harmful factor remained stable for a median of 61 months. MRI confirmed bone or @entity236 in half of the @entity1 with normal radiographs and may assist in the prognostic staging. Despite the markedly different times of disease stability, the response rates and survival after chemotherapy were similar for all groups of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Among asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity1582 , the extent of disease at diagnosis and the subsequent rate of disease evolution were major factors in the total survival time. These @entity1 are a markedly heterogeneous group who may benefit from different approaches to treatment according to defined risk factors.

title: Risk of disease progression in asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['lytic bone lesions', 'lytic bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow disease']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) has now been established as a procedure of choice in the evaluation of @entity2956 . In this study, we evaluated the dynamics of @entity1348 motion on MR imaging, which resembles arthrography. Sixty-eight TMJs in 38 symptomatic @entity1 and one healthy volunteer were examined using pseudodynamic images with gradient echo sequences using a 0.5 Tesla MR unit and 8 cm circular planar surface coil. For depiction of each compartment of the meniscus, the optimum sequence was 200/15/2 (TR/TE/excitations) with 50 degrees or 60 degrees flip angle in gradient refocused acquisition in steady-state (GRASS) sequences. Three contiguous slices on sagittal MR images were routinely obtained at 14-18 different phases of the opening cycle and displayed in closed-loop cine fashion. Internal derangement was observed in 57% of 68 joints. The most common type was anterior meniscal displacement without reduction. Sideway and rotational displacements, observed in 10% each, were noted on both sagittal multislice images and axial reference images. As a pseudodynamic MR technique, jaw movement specifically designed to check bite procedure to adjust splints is useful for detecting the exact time of meniscal redisplacement on the second click. After conservative therapy for @entity4040 , pseudodynamic MR provided information on changes in the meniscus and condylar relationship. Pseudodynamic MR with multiple phases is suitable for evaluating @entity854 of the meniscus and for post-therapeutic monitoring.

title: [Pseudodynamic MR imaging of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ disorders']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subtle motion abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint disorders']


abstract: Direct evidence for substantial mobilization of @entity920 in the coronary flow immediately following prolonged, but not short, @entity299 is presented. In the first coronary flow fraction (CFF) of reperfusion (0.15 ml), after 35 min of @entity63 , the level of @entity920 (as well as of @entity68 ) was 8- to 9-fold higher than the preischemic value. The levels in subsequent CFFs decreased and reached the preischemic value, indicating that both metals appear in a burst at the resumption of coronary flow. When the first CFF was used in a reaction mixture containing @entity9050 and @entity2697 , the latter underwent chemical hydroxylation and was converted to its @entity48812 derivatives. Likewise, this CFF promoted the @entity9050 -driven DNA degradation. Subsequent 150 CFFs were serially collected and demonstrated low activities. Following 18 min of @entity63 , the @entity920 level in the first CFF of reperfusion was only 15% over the preischemic value. In contrast, the mobilization of @entity68 into coronary flow was significant but markedly lower than after 35 min. The levels of @entity920 and the redox activity of the first CFF correlated well with the degree of loss of cardiac function, after 18 and 35 min of @entity63 , respectively. After 18 min of @entity63 , cardiac function was about 50% and the damage is considered reversible, whereas after 35 min the functional loss exceeded 80% and is considered irreversible. These results are in accord with the causative role that @entity920 and @entity68 can play in @entity3697 following @entity63 , by virtue of their capacity to catalyze the production of @entity3787 radicals, and could lead to the development of new modalities for intervention in tissue injury.

title: XXXX and @entity68 are mobilized following myocardial ischemia: possible predictive criteria for tissue injury.

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['heart injury']

entities_list: @entity48812 :: ('CHEBI:36084', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxybenzoate']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['Copper']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with @entity242 ( @entity242 ) were treated at the Northern Israel Oncology Center in Haifa, Israel, from 1971 to 1996. The male:female ratio was 1.5:1 and the median age of @entity1 was 10 years (range, 3 months-18 years). The most common histopathologic diagnoses were @entity1492 (32.5%) and @entity1352 (16%). The sites of primary @entity5 were lower limb (35%), trunk (18%), upper limb (16%), head and neck (16%), and retroperitoneum (11%). By Intergroup @entity980 Study classifications, 13 @entity1 presented as group I, 15 @entity1 as group II, 10 @entity1 as group III, and 5 @entity1 as group IV. Median follow-up time was 63 months (range, 6 months-18 years). The estimated survival after a 5-year period is 72% (SE +/- 17) for @entity1 in group I, 75 +/- 15% in group II, 90 +/- 9% for @entity1 in group III, and 40 +/- 21% for @entity1 in group IV. Eleven @entity1 relapsed; 4/6 who developed local relapse were cured and are alive with disease, while 4/5 who developed distant @entity3 are dead. For the 28 @entity1 who underwent complete resection at diagnosis, the estimated survival after a 5-year period is 87 +/- 5% vs. 60 +/- 17% for the 15 @entity1 who underwent partial excision or biopsy. Local radiotherapy was delivered after surgery to group III @entity1 . Preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy was delivered to the @entity1 of groups III and IV, and postoperative chemotherapy only to group II @entity1 . Chemotherapy produced demonstrable gain in survival for group II and III @entity1 but not for @entity1 with @entity3 . The authors conclude that an aggressive surgical approach is needed in @entity1 with @entity242 . Chemotherapy may help as a preoperative treatment in bulky disease or as a postoperative treatment for microscopic @entity66 .

title: The role of chemotherapy in childhood soft tissue XXXX other than @entity980 : experience of the Northern Israel Oncology Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['nonrhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcomas', 'NRSTS']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: The @entity3840 inhibitor, @entity13586 , was a popular analgesic adjuvant for improving perioperative @entity158 management. We designed this placebo-controlled study to test the hypothesis that @entity2682 could produce similar reductions in @entity282 and opioid analgesic usage, thereby improving the recovery process. One hundred @entity1 undergoing abdominal hysterectomy procedures were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) control group received placebo capsules and pills before and for 2 days after surgery, 2) @entity13586 group received 50 mg/d PO and placebo capsules before and after surgery and, 3) @entity2682 group received 1.2 g/d PO and placebo pills before and after surgery, and 4) combination group received @entity13586 50 mg/d and @entity2682 1.2 g/d PO before and after surgery. The anesthetic technique was standardized and the postoperative assessments included verbal rating scales for @entity158 and sedation, IV @entity1286 usage, quality of recovery assessment, recovery of bowel function, resumption of normal activities, and @entity1 satisfaction with their @entity158 management. @entity282 scores were significantly reduced in all three analgesic treatment groups (versus control group). Compared with the control group, @entity1 -controlled analgesia @entity1286 usage was also significantly reduced in the 3 analgesic treatment groups at 1, 8, 24, and 30 h after surgery. Total PCA @entity1286 usage was decreased by 43%, 24%, and 50% in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively, compared with group 1. Oral analgesic consumption was also smaller in groups 2 and 4 when compared with the control group. The opioid-sparing effects of @entity13586 and @entity2682 lead to a faster recovery of bowel function. Discharge eligibility scores in groups 2 and 4 were improved at 24 h when compared with group 1, and @entity1 satisfaction with @entity282 management was significantly higher at 24 h in all 3 analgesic treatment groups. At the 72 h follow-up, all of the @entity1 in group 4 were completely satisfied with their @entity158 management compared with only 32%, 64%, and 72% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. @entity2682 (1.2 g/d PO) appears to be an acceptable alternative to @entity13586 (50 mg/d PO) for short-term use as an adjuvant to opioid analgesics in @entity1 undergoing lower abdominal surgery.

title: XXXX : an alternative to the @entity3840 inhibitors for perioperative @entity158 management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['Gabapentin']


abstract: Nine @entity1 with @entity2521 were selected for this study. Each @entity1 had undergone surgery once or twice in the previous five years and had been on three-month recall for clinical examination and scaling. During the maintenance phase of therapy and despite regular scaling, each @entity1 had additional pocket formation that was either localized or generalized. Pocket depths in each @entity1 were recorded and scaling was carried out. Three months later the @entity1 were examined, and again no improvement was observed in the pocket depths. This time all @entity1 were scaled again, and 250 mg @entity803 every six hours for 20 days as well as 250 mg @entity868 every eight hours for seven days were systemically administered. After an additional three months, @entity1 were again examined and pocket depths measured. The latter examination disclosed that the clinical condition of the gingiva, as shown by bleeding and exudate, had improved. The pocket depths had also been reduced. The scaling-alone mean pocket depths were 4.93 mm, whereas the scaling-plus-antibiotic measurements were reduced to 2.78 mm. The difference was significant (p = 0.01).

title: Combination of @entity803 and @entity868 in the treatment and control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['refractory periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['refractory periodontitis']


abstract: 1. The total serum @entity1955 , @entity1954 resin uptake, total plasma protein concentration and the free @entity1955 index (FTI) were determined repeatedly, at 07.15, 13.00 and 22.30 hours over 4 days, in six healthy young @entity1 . 2. There was a significant diurnal variation in the total serum @entity1955 concentration but this reflected changes in the binding capacity of serum proteins and in the total plasma protein concentration which could be explained by changes of posture. The FTI, and presumably therefore the free @entity1955 concentration, varied very little with the time of day. 3. The FTI varied significantly from day to day in three of the six subjects, presumably as a result of changes in @entity1955 secretion because the serum binding capacity did not vary. 4. The subjects' sleep at night was assessed by electro-encephalogram. In days when the FTI was highest for a particular subject his sleep was more fragmented by spontaneous awakenings, the amount of @entity11755 was reduced and that of delta-wave sleep was increased, implying that variations in thyroid function over a period of a few days in healthy subjects can be of physiological significance. The cause of these variations is uncertain.

title: Variations in thyroid function and sleep in healthy young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['rapid-eye-movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-iodothyronine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: In view of the methodological problems of epidemiological studies on associations between exposures to 50/60 Hz @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) and increased incidence of @entity5 , laboratory studies are necessary to determine if 50/60 Hz @entity2194 are @entity5 promoters or can progress @entity5 . The objective of the present study was to determine if an alternating @entity2194 of low flux density exerts @entity5 -promoting or co-promoting effects in a model of @entity0 in female @entity35 . @entity5 were induced by the chemical carcinogen @entity3653 ( @entity106 ). A group of 99 @entity35 was exposed to a homogeneous @entity2194 of 50 Hz, 100 microT (microtesla), for 24 h/day 7 day/week for a period of 91 days; another group of 99 @entity35 was sham-exposed under the same environmental conditions as the @entity2194 -exposed @entity35 . The exposure chambers were identical for @entity2194 -exposed and sham-exposed animals. @entity106 was administered orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg at the first day of exposure and at weekly intervals thereafter up to a total dose of 20 mg per @entity35 . The animals were palpated once weekly to assess the development of @entity5 . In controls, @entity106 induced @entity5 in about 40% of the animals within three months of first application. Eight weeks after @entity106 application the @entity2194 -exposed @entity35 exhibited significantly more @entity5 than sham-exposed animals. This difference in the rate of @entity5 development was observed throughout the period of exposure. At the end of the three-month period of @entity2194 exposure the @entity5 incidence in @entity2194 -exposed @entity35 was 50% higher than in sham-exposed @entity35 , the difference being statistically significant. Furthermore, the size of @entity5 as estimated by palpation was significantly larger in the @entity2194 -exposed compared to sham-exposed @entity35 . The data demonstrates that long-term exposure of @entity106 -treated female @entity35 to an alternating @entity2194 of low flux density promotes the growth and increases the incidence of @entity5 , thus strongly indicating that @entity2194 exposure exerts @entity5 -promoting and/or copromoting effects.

title: @entity5 promotion in a XXXX model by exposure to a weak alternating magnetic field.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['magnetic fields', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'Mammary tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Data collected to investigate the effects of @entity1396 in a subset of 489 @entity1 with @entity951 at rest accompanied by transient ischaemic electrocardiographic changes have been analysed. Of the 489 @entity1 , 255 received conventional treatment including beta-blockers, @entity3362 , or @entity460 antagonists (control group); 234 received conventional treatment plus @entity1396 250 mg b.i.d. ( @entity1396 group). The predefined end-points were @entity204 and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The incidence of end-points was assessed according to the intention-to-treat principle. The post-hoc estimated statistical power was 80%. The rate of @entity204 or @entity583 in the 6-month follow-up period was reduced from 14.9 to 6.8% (-54.4%) (odds ratio: 0.42; confidence intervals: 0.22, 0.80). The incidence of fatal or nonfatal @entity583 was reduced from 12.2 to 4.3% (-65%) (odds ratio: 0.32; confidence intervals: 0.14, 0.70) and of nonfatal @entity583 from 10.2 to 3.8% (-63%) (odds ratio: 0.35; confidence intervals: 0.15, 0.80). Nineteen @entity1 died; 12 in the control group (4.7%) and seven in the @entity1396 group (83%) (-36%) (odds ratio: 0.62; confidence intervals: 0.21, 1.74); five @entity1 in the control group and only one in the @entity1396 group died of an @entity583 . The post-hoc estimated statistical power was 80%. However, we cannot draw definitive conclusions about the clinical effect of @entity1396 treatment in the @entity1 with @entity951 at rest accompanied by transient ischaemic electrocardiographic changes because the subgroup analysis was not planned a priori. Nevertheless, this report strongly suggests that such @entity1 can benefit from antiplatelet treatment with @entity1396 ; the benefit mainly depends on the protective effect against @entity583 .

title: XXXX treatment for @entity1 with unstable angina at rest. A further analysis of the study of @entity1396 in unstable angina. Studio della Ticlopidina nell'Angina Instabile Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['vascular death', 'death']

answer: @entity1396 :: (MESH:D013988,Chemical) :: ['Ticlopidine']