abstract: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is the treatment of choice for @entity10545 of the appendicular skeleton. However, difficulties in localizing the lesion in the spine and its proximity to neural elements have yet to make it the prevalent treatment for spine. This study assesses the safety and effectiveness of two percutaneous techniques for ablating @entity10545 of the spine. Seven @entity1 were treated between 1998 and 2005. Four @entity1 underwent percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation. The lesions were located at the articular processes of L3 and L4, the lamina of L3 and in the head of the 11th rib. Three @entity1 with lesions in close proximity to neural structures (pedicle of T9, the posterolateral inferior aspect of L3 vertebral body and the inferior articular process of C5) were subjected to percutaneous core excision. Mean follow-up was 4.2 +/- 1.6 years. Three out of four @entity1 who underwent radiofrequency ablation had an immediate and sustained response. One @entity1 with a lesion in the head of the rib failed to respond. The three @entity1 in the group of pecutaneous core excisional biopsy demonstrated immediate relief of @entity158 . However, one @entity1 experienced relapse of symptoms 6 months after transpedicular core excision. CT scan suggested partial targeting of the lesion that corroborated with histologic examination revealing only reactive tissue. Subsequent percutaneous core excision was successful. Therefore, the overall success rate was 85.7%. Mean VAS improved dramatically from 9 +/- 1 to 2 +/- 1 after surgery (P < 0.05). No @entity16 were encountered. This study indicates that radiofrequency ablation of @entity10545 is safe and reasonably effective when an intact cortical shell separates the nidus from the neural elements. Percutaneous core excision can obviate the risk of thermal damage for lesions located in close proximity to the neural elements. Effectiveness of treatment can also be evaluated by CT scan and histological examination. Difficulties in targeting the nidus can lead to treatment failure. The minimal morbidity and the effectiveness of these minimally invasive procedures make them a valid alternative in the treatment of @entity10545 .

title: Percutaneous core excision and radiofrequency thermo-coagulation for the ablation of XXXX of the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological or other complications']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma', 'spinal osteoid osteomas', 'spinal osteoid osteoma']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['osteoid osteoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for the prolonged recording of electrophysiologic variables of sleep in freely moving nonhuman primates. To establish and validate means for scoring nocturnal sleep and quantifying daytime alertness in these subjects. DESIGN: Four animals ( @entity2608 ) were permanently instrumented for the recording of electroencephalograms, electrooculograms, and electromyograms. A telemetry unit housed in a backpack transmitted these variables for several overnight periods to establish normal sleep. During the day, a modified Multiple Sleep Latency Test protocol was followed to quantify daytime alertness. High-quality recordings were maintained from a minimum of 8 months to a maximum of 5.5 years. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Across 6 to 7 nights per animal, average total sleep time was 522 minutes, with a sleep latency of 20 minutes. The proportion of total sleep spent in the various stages of sleep was 10.8%, stage 1; 56.4%, stage 2; 20.0%, stages 3-4; and 12.7%, rapid eye @entity10522 . Mean sleep latency across testing sessions for each monkey was 12.5 minutes, 20 minutes (no daytime sleep), 14.6 minutes, and 8.6 minutes for animals 1 to 4, respectively. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities were high and similar to those obtained when the same scorers evaluated @entity1 sleep and Multiple Sleep Latency Tests. CONCLUSIONS: Similarities in sleep architecture between @entity2608 and @entity1 make this an excellent animal model for investigations of normal and pathologic @entity1 sleep. This study confirms and extends previous findings in nonhuman primates. Stable, high-quality data were obtained for months to years using a telemetric system capable of long-term data collection.

title: Prolonged assessment of sleep and daytime sleepiness in unrestrained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies of surgical treatment for cervical @entity3519 have reported highly variable rates of postoperative symptomatic benefit and morbidity. Little is known about functional improvement and long term results. This study evaluates the symptomatic and functional outcome of surgical treatment of cervical @entity3519 in a consecutive series of 46 @entity1 . METHODS: The most affected muscles were selected for denervation after clinical examination and confirmation by four channel EMG studies. Surgical treatment, aiming at selective elimination of pathological activity while preserving normal motor function and avoiding side effects, was achieved by using a broad scope of techniques including intradural denervation, extradural denervation, and myotomy. Rather than carrying out standard operations, the treatment was tailored to the needs of the @entity1 according to the individual pattern of dystonic activity. Long term benefit was assessed with a global outcome score, and a modified Toronto western spasmodic torticollis rating scale (TWSTRS) in those 34 @entity1 who were available for a recent follow up evaluation. RESULTS: The 46 @entity1 underwent a total of 70 procedures with intradural approaches in 33 instances, extradural approaches in 21, and muscle sections (singly or combined) in 22 instances. Transient mild postoperative side effects occurred in 10% of the procedures. The mean duration of long term follow up was 6.5 years. The global outcome was rated as excellent in nine @entity1 (21%), as marked in 12 (27%), as moderate in nine (21%), as mild in nine (21%), and as no improvement in five (11%). A persistent side effect consisting of mild difficulty with balance was noted in one case. There were highly significant changes of the preoperative and postoperative mean values for almost all TWSTRS subscores for severity of cervical @entity3519 , functional disability, and @entity158 . @entity1 with excellent outcome underwent a higher number of surgical procedures on average than those @entity1 who achieved no benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment tailored to the specific pattern of dystonic activity in the individual @entity1 is a valuable alternative in the long term management of cervical @entity3519 .

title: Symptomatic and functional outcome of surgical treatment of cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Primary hepatocytes are of great importance for basic research as well as cell transplantation. However, their stability, especially in suspension, is very low. This feature severely compromises storage and shipment. Based on previous studies with adherent cells, we here assessed cold storage injury in @entity35 hepatocyte suspensions and aimed to find a cold storage solution that preserves viability, attachment ability and functionality of these cells. METHODS: @entity35 hepatocyte suspensions were stored in cell culture medium, organ preservation solutions and modified TiProtec solutions at 4  C for one week. Viability and cell volume were determined by flow cytometry. Thereafter, cells were seeded and density and metabolic capacity (reductive metabolism, @entity1928 -induced @entity413 release, @entity1133 production) of adherent cells were assessed. RESULTS: Cold storage injury in hepatocyte suspensions became evident as cell death occurring during cold storage or rewarming or as loss of attachment ability. Cell death during cold storage was not dependent on cell swelling and was almost completely inhibited in the presence of @entity2228 and @entity5098 . Cell attachment could be greatly improved by use of @entity2865 -poor solutions and addition of @entity68 chelators. Using a @entity2865 -poor, @entity972 -rich storage solution containing @entity2228 , @entity493 and @entity68 chelators, cultures with 75% of the density of control cultures and with practically normal cell metabolism could be obtained after one week of cold storage. CONCLUSION: In the solution presented here, cold storage injury of hepatocyte suspensions, differing from that of adherent hepatocytes, was effectively inhibited. The components which acted on the different injurious processes were identified.

title: Cold storage of XXXX hepatocyte suspensions for one week in a customized cold storage solution--preservation of cell attachment and metabolism.

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the morbidity and mortality rates associated with emergency resection in @entity1 with a @entity8055 are high, the authors have favoured initial non-operative management in haemodynamically stable @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the treatment of @entity8055 . RESULTS: Over a 21-year interval, 12 @entity1 presented with a @entity8055 . Haemodynamic observation and support was the initial management in all 12 @entity1 . Three underwent urgent laparotomy and gauze packing because of @entity1344 ; no emergency liver resection was necessary. Eight @entity1 had definitive surgery; three developed @entity260 but none died. @entity5 was observed in three of four @entity1 treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: The initial management of a @entity8055 should be haemodynamic stabilization. Definitive resection is required for rebleeding or for @entity5 exceeding 5 cm in diameter. A conservative approach may well be justified in case of regression of an asymptomatic @entity652 .

title: Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured hepatocellular adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Regression of the tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic instability']

answer: @entity8055 :: (MESH:D018248,Disease) :: ['ruptured hepatocellular adenoma']


abstract: We have previously compared different scoring systems for endoscopic staging of @entity480 . Of the five methods evaluated, we found that two were better than the others with regard to reproducibility and agreement between physicians. One method was lateral imaging, developed by the authors, and the other was a scoring system developed by Lildholdt et al. The main objective of the present study was to compare the sensitivity of these two methods. Another aim was to study the effect on nasal polyposis of topical nasal corticosteroids over a 2-week period. @entity1 with @entity1412 (n = 100) were randomized to a 2-week treatment with a topical @entity228 (budesonide aqueous nasal spray: 128 microg b.i.d.) or placebo in a double-blind manner. Nasal symptoms were scored before treatment and after 3, 7 and 14 days of treatment, and the @entity1 underwent nasal endoscopy at clinical visits. @entity1 treated with active substance had an improvement in their symptoms, an effect already detectable after 3 days of treatment, compared with those who received placebo. In addition, a statistically significant decrease in polyp size could be registered after 14 days using lateral imaging but not with the other scoring system. In conclusion, lateral imaging was more sensitive and could detect effects earlier than the other scoring system and can be recommended for the endoscopic staging of @entity480 in clinical studies.

title: Sensitivity of a new grading system for studying @entity480 with the potential to detect early changes in polyp size after treatment with a topical XXXX (budesonide).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: @entity2227 -induced changes in intracellular free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) were recorded in single @entity35 hippocampal neurons grown in primary culture by employing the @entity141 indicator indo-1 and a dual-emission microfluorimeter. The [ @entity141 ]i was monitored in neurons exposed to 100 microM @entity2227 for 5 min and for an ensuing 3 hr period. Ninety-two percent (n = 64) of these neurons buffered the @entity2227 -induced @entity141 load back to basal levels after removal of the agonist; thus, the majority of cells had not lost the ability to regulate [ @entity141 ]i at this time. However, following a variable delay, in 44% (n = 26) of the neurons that buffered @entity2227 -induced @entity141 loads to basal levels, [ @entity141 ]i rose again to a sustained plateau and failed to recover. The changes in [ @entity141 ]i that occur during @entity2227 -induced delayed @entity528 can be divided into three phases: (1) a triggering phase during which the neuron is exposed to @entity2227 and the [ @entity141 ]i increases to micromolar levels, followed by (2) a latent phase during which the [ @entity141 ]i recovers to a basal level, and (3) a final phase that begins with a gradual rise in the [ @entity141 ]i that reaches a sustained plateau from which the neuron does not recover. This delayed @entity141 overload phase correlated significantly with cell death. The same sequence of events was also observed in recordings from neuronal processes. The delayed @entity141 increase and subsequent death were dependent upon the presence of extracellular @entity141 during @entity2227 exposure. @entity460 influx during the triggering phase resulted from the activation of both @entity143 and non- @entity143 receptors as indicated by studies using receptor antagonists and ion substitution. Treatment with @entity4524 (1 microM) or removal of extracellular @entity141 for a 30 min window following agonist exposure failed to prevent the delayed @entity141 overload. The delayed [ @entity141 ]i increase could be reversed by removing extracellular @entity141 , indicating that it resulted from @entity141 influx. The three phases defined by changes in the [ @entity141 ]i during @entity2227 -induced @entity137 suggest three distinct targets to which neuroprotective agents may be directed.

title: @entity2227 -induced XXXX transient triggers delayed @entity460 overload and neurotoxicity in @entity35 hippocampal neurons.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell therapy has shown benefit in preclinical and clinical studies, although debate continues on the mechanism of action and the most appropriate methods for performing such therapies. We assessed the hypothesis that helical needle transendocardial (TE) delivery of autologous bone marrow (ABM) mononuclear cells around regions of hypo- or @entity910 in @entity1 after chronic @entity583 ( @entity583 ) would be safe and possibly improve ejection fraction (EF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten stable post- @entity583 @entity1 with an EF <40% were enrolled. Autologous bone marrow cells were aspirated from the iliac crest and delivered percutaneously with a TE helical needle catheter. A total of 86 x 10(6) cells were injected into 7.1 +/- 3.1 sites around the @entity1188 to target the peri- @entity1188 zones. Two-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricle EF measurements, 24-hour Holter, and exercise tolerance testing were performed at baseline, day of procedure, 1 and 12 weeks, and 6 and 12 months. There were no adverse events associated with the catheter-based cell transplantation procedure. At 6 and 12 months, all @entity1 showed an improvement in left ventricle EF over baseline (35.2 +/- 4.6 to 40.8 +/- 4.5, P = .003 at 6 months; 35.2 +/- 4.6 to 42.3 +/- 5.1, P = .0001 at 12 months). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous bone marrow cells delivered with the helical needle TE catheter was safe in this small uncontrolled study in @entity1 with chronic @entity583 . Increased EF and other positive data trends support continued development of this therapeutic strategy in larger controlled trials.

title: Transendocardial autologous bone marrow in chronic XXXX using a helical needle catheter: 1-year follow-up in an open-label, nonrandomized, single-center pilot study (the TABMMI study).

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subtilisins are proteolytic enzymes of bacterial origin found in detergents. They are high-molecular-weight antigens and have been implicated in @entity2023 and @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: This report describes a case of @entity7448 due to subtilisins in a liquid cleaner. METHODS: Clinical, radiologic, and serologic information were used to make the diagnosis. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old @entity1 developed @entity1576 while working with a cleaner containing subtilisins. Her symptoms intensified in the work environment and improved away from work. A computed tomography scan demonstrated alveolar and interstitial infiltrates with subsequent scarring. A pulmonary function study revealed a restrictive pattern with diminished diffusion capacity. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed lymphocytosis and all cultures were negative. Precipitating antibodies to the enzyme were found in the patient's serum. Her symptoms improved once she changed her occupation. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of the @entity1 's clinical history, physical, laboratory, and radiologic findings support the diagnosis of @entity7448 from the enzyme contained in the cleaner.

title: XXXX from a proteolytic enzyme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity7448 :: ('MESH:D000542', 'Disease') :: ['extrinsic allergic alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity7448 :: (MESH:D000542,Disease) :: ['Extrinsic allergic alveolitis']


abstract: 1. We investigated the role of @entity268 ( @entity1919 ) in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) contraction in @entity840 bronchial strips. 2. @entity1928 (3 nM to 1 microM) reduced NANC contraction induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in a concentration-dependent fashion (-log EC50 was 7.22 +/- 0.12 M and maximum inhibition was 100 +/- 0.01%). However, @entity1928 (less than 1 microM) did not alter the contraction induced by substance @entity10846 microM). 3. @entity5393 (1 mM) also reduced NANC contractions induced by EFS (100 +/- 0.01%) without significant effect on SP (1 microM)-induced contractions. In contrast, @entity22927 (1 mM) was without effect against either NANC or SP-induced contractions. 4. Both the @entity20530 agonist, @entity11610 (0.1 nM to 3 nM) and theophylline (100 nM to 1 mM) concentration-dependently reduced EFS-induced NANC contractions without significant effect on SP (1 microM)-induced contractions. 5. In contrast to @entity1928 , @entity11610 and @entity2544 , both @entity1854 and @entity31802 inhibited the EFS-induced contractions only at those concentrations that similarly reduced the contractions induced by SP (1 microM). 6. These results suggest that @entity1919 may mediate pre-junctional inhibition of NANC contractions in @entity840 bronchi.

title: The role of @entity1919 in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic contraction in XXXX bronchi.

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity31802 :: ('MESH:D019806', 'Chemical') :: ['cromakalim']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity22927 :: ('MESH:D003995', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity11610 :: ('MESH:D017265', 'Chemical') :: ['procaterol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['Dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: Overexpression of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPase (SERCA2a) has been suggested as a strategic intervention for @entity712 . However, its benefit in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity35 with normal SERCA2a levels seems to be small. To investigate whether it would be beneficial in a @entity712 model with down-regulated SERCA2a levels, we made a @entity1283 model using @entity3044 infusion (1.2mgkg(-1)day(-1) for 1 or 4weeks; TG-ISO1w and TG-ISO4w, respectively) in SERCA2a transgenic (TG) @entity35 and compared these @entity35 with littermate @entity164 @entity35 that underwent the same treatments ( @entity164 -ISO1w and @entity164 -ISO4w). We analyzed the left ventricular (LV) mechanoenergetics in the excised heart using our original cross-circulation system. The downward shift of curvilinear LV end-systolic pressure-volume relations (ESPVRs) observed in @entity164 -ISO4 @entity35 was abolished in TG-ISO4 @entity35 . The slope and VO2 intercept of the @entity4962 (myocardial @entity26 consumption per beat)- @entity939 (systolic pressure-volume area: total mechanical energy per beat) linear relation did not differ in any of the groups. The most important finding was a significantly smaller O2 cost of LV contractility in the TG-ISO4w group, which means that less O2 is needed to exert the same LV contractility, compared with the other groups. The increased ratio of SERCA2a/phospholamban returned to the level of the @entity164 -control group only in the TG-ISO4w group. Longer-term up-regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A for genes of mitochondrial enzymes producing @entity855 was observed in TG @entity35 . In conclusion, longer-term overexpression of SERCA2a will be beneficial in the present @entity712 model with down-regulated SERCA2a levels.

title: Left ventricular mechanical and energetic changes in long-term XXXX -induced hypertrophied hearts of SERCA2a transgenic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the patterns of fatigue and activity and rest and their relationship during adjuvant @entity0 chemotherapy. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive, repeated measures. SETTING: Midwestern oncology clinics and subjects' homes. SAMPLE: 72 @entity1 , ages 30-69, who were receiving chemotherapy after surgery for stage I or II @entity0 . METHODS: The Piper Fatigue Scale was used to measure fatigue 48 hours after each treatment and at treatment cycle midpoints for three cycles. Wrist actigraphs were used to measure activity and rest cycles for 96 hours at each treatment and for 72 hours at each cycle midpoint. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Fatigue, activity and rest cycles, chemotherapy protocols ( @entity632 - or non- @entity632 -based protocols). FINDINGS: Total and subscale fatigue scores were significantly different over time, with scores higher at treatments and lower at cycle midpoints. Activity levels were significantly different over time in a mirror-image pattern of fatigue. Fatigue was negatively correlated with activity levels at all times except the cycle 2 midpoint and positively correlated with awakenings at night only at the cycle 2 midpoint. Activity levels were significantly lower in @entity1 receiving @entity632 -based protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Roller-coaster patterns of fatigue and activity have not been previously reported in this @entity1 population. Examination of the inverse relationship between fatigue and activity will assist nurses in the development and testing of interventions to modify fatigue. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: @entity1 should be instructed to monitor the intensity of fatigue and encouraged to maintain activity levels balanced with efficient rest periods. Nurses can inform @entity1 that these patterns may be expected to be similar during the first three chemotherapy cycles.

title: Patterns of fatigue and activity and rest during adjuvant XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of a comprehensive technique for correction of severe punctal and medial @entity4549 and lower eyelid retraction associated with @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ) laxity. METHODS: A comprehensive technique that plicates the anterior and posterior crura of the @entity10036 was performed on 8 eyelids of 6 @entity1 with @entity4549 and @entity10036 laxity. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms, @entity4549 , medial @entity4549 , lower eyelid retraction, lagophthalmos, and exposure keratopathy were evaluated. RESULTS: At an average of 13 months (range, 8-17 months), preoperative symptoms of @entity9467 and discomfort improved or resolved in all eyes. @entity4549 improved in all eyes and completely resolved in 75% of eyes. Medial @entity4549 was corrected in all eyes, when present. Lower eyelid retraction, lagophthalmos, and exposure keratopathy improved in all eyes. In 1 case, @entity4 of the caruncle and semilunar fold persisted for 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Combined anterior and transcaruncular @entity10036 plication is an effective and safe procedure for addressing severe punctal and medial @entity4549 that accompanies @entity10036 laxity and is difficult to correct by other methods. This procedure provides stable, 3-dimensional support to the medial lower eyelid and punctum.

title: Comprehensive, combined anterior and transcaruncular orbital approach to XXXX plication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['medial canthal ligament', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity4549 :: ('MESH:D004483', 'Disease') :: ['Punctal ectropion', 'lower eyelid ectropion', 'punctal ectropion']

answer: @entity10036 :: (MESH:D020423,Disease) :: ['medial canthal ligament']


abstract: @entity4854 results in a predominantly @entity16 . Recent studies suggest that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons comprise a specific target and may be responsible for the important complication of @entity3949 , since @entity4854 for longer than 6 months results in a @entity13312 with associated @entity614 and @entity16 . We undertook morphometric analysis of L5 DRG neurons in seven @entity6 @entity35 and six age- and sex-matched littermates. Nerve conduction studies were also performed, and @entity16 was confirmed. @entity6 was induced with @entity3839 ; duration of @entity6 was 12 months. The DRG count for control @entity35 was 15,304 +/- 991 neurons. Two of seven @entity6 DRG counts were reduced, but the group mean count at 14,847 plus minus 1,524 was not significantly reduced. The number of small neurons (type B) considerably exceeded that of large neurons (type A), at a ratio of 71:29. The percentage of large cells was significantly reduced in @entity6 compared with control @entity35 (P = 0.01). The large-diameter population can be subdivided into two groups; with this subdivision, the number of neurons < 50 microm was not reduced in samples from @entity6 @entity35 , but the neurons of largest size (> or = 50 microm) were significantly reduced (by 41%).

title: Morphometry of dorsal root ganglion in chronic experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar ganglionopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy', 'distal sensory neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Chronic hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which individual differences in vulnerability to @entity1949 also reflect individual differences in vulnerability to multiple nights of sleep restriction. DESIGN: Two @entity25 conditions (order counterbalanced) separated by 2 to 4 weeks: (a) @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) of 2 nights (63 h continuous wakefulness); (b) sleep restriction (SR) of 7 nights of 3 h nightly time in bed (TIB). Both conditions were preceded by 7 in-laboratory nights with 10 h nightly TIB; and followed by 3 recovery nights with 8 h nightly TIB. Measures of cognitive performance (psychomotor vigilance, working memory [1-Back], and mathematical processing), objective alertness, @entity25 , and mood were obtained at regular intervals under both conditions. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were computed using outcome metrics averaged over the last day (08:00-20:00) of @entity1949 and SR. SETTING: Residential sleep/performance testing facility. @entity1 : Nineteen healthy adults (ages 18-39; 11 males, 8 females). INTERVENTIONS: 2 nights of @entity1949 and 7 nights SR (3 h nightly TIB). RESULTS: volunteers who displayed greater vulnerability to @entity1949 displayed greater vulnerability to SR on cognitive performance tasks (ICC: PVT lapses = 0.89; PVT speed = 0.86; 1-Back = 0.88; mathematical processing = 0.68, Ps < 0.05). In addition, trait-like responsivity to @entity1949 /SR was found for mood variables vigor (ICC = 0.91), fatigue (ICC = 0.73), and happiness (ICC = 0.85) (all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Resilience to @entity25 is a trait-like characteristic that reflects an individual's ability to maintain performance during both types of @entity25 (SR and @entity1949 ). Whether the findings extend to sleep schedules other than those investigated here (63 h of @entity1949 and 7 nights of 3 h nightly TIB) will be the focus of future studies.

title: Trait-like vulnerability to total and partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['total sleep deprivation', 'TSD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['subjective sleepiness', 'sleep loss']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep loss']


abstract: This paper reviews long-term follow-up studies of 78 hydrocephalic @entity1 with @entity9960 . Seventy-eight (95%) out of 82 @entity1 with @entity9960 had @entity1276 . CT, MRI, CT cisternography, and monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) with infusion methods were performed to evaluate the indication of shunt insertion or shunt independency. These hydrocephalic @entity1 consisted of the following two groups: (1) Early treated group. Sixty-four cases received initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion operation within 2 years of life. Sixty-three @entity1 had a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) or a ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt. All the @entity1 of this group showed progressive signs and symptoms of @entity428 due to @entity1276 . The mean age at the initial shunt placement was 10 weeks. The mean value of Evans' index before shunting was 47%, which corresponded to moderate @entity1276 . 48% of this group showed slit-like ventricles on postoperative CT scans, where 52% had normal or only mildly dilated ventricles subsequent to shunting. There were two instances (3%) of the so-called "slit @entity2504 " and one instance of "isolated fourth ventricle", who had undergone multiple shunt revisions. Shunt revisions were performed on fifty-two occasions in this group. The mean number of shunt revisions per @entity1 was 2.8. Sixty among 64 @entity1 of this group were suitable for evaluating shunt dependency with long-term follow-up period. Forty-two out of 60 @entity1 were considered to be shunt dependent, who underwent multiple shunt revisions after 6 months of age. These @entity1 had signs and symptoms of @entity428 , @entity16 , and enlarged ventricles when their shunts were blocked. There were four cases of slowly progressive (shunt dependent) @entity1276 , who did not show clinical signs and symptoms of shunts malfunction in spite of progressive @entity1276 and abnormal findings of CT cisternography and ICP monitoring. Only two @entity1 (3%) proved to be shunt independent. Consistently their ventricles were mildly dilated. These results suggest a very low incidence of true arrest of @entity1276 after shunt operation. (2) Late treated group. Fourteen cases were diagnosed or treated for @entity1276 after 7 years of age. Six out of fourteen @entity1 had remarkable @entity1276 whose Evans' index exceeded 51%. The mean value of Evans' index was 48% in this group. Six @entity1 had progressive signs and symptoms of @entity1276 and were shunted. ICP monitoring and studies of CSF dynamics revealed abnormal findings in ten out of 14 cases in spite of preservation of good intelligence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Long-term results of @entity1276 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased ICP']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

answer: @entity9960 :: (MESH:D008591,Disease) :: ['myelomeningocele']


abstract: The mechanisms for the hypocholesterolaemic action of @entity1670 ( @entity1670 ) were examined in @entity35 administered @entity1670 at a dose of 400 mg/kg body wt/day for either 2 or 4 weeks. Another group of @entity35 were administered @entity12873 , an inhibitor of @entity8595 : @entity165 acyltransferase, as a 1% (w/w) supplement in the diet for 7 days. Both agents produced small increases in bile flow rates (up to 40%) and mild hepatotoxicity evidenced by small increases in serum transaminase activities. @entity1670 treatment for 2 or 4 weeks lowered serum @entity165 concentrations by 13% or 29%, respectively, with the greatest decrease occurring in the low density lipoprotein fraction. This was accompanied by relatively large increases in biliary @entity165 output (114% and 130% after 2 and 4 weeks treatment, respectively) with smaller increases in the biliary output of phospholipid (18% and 45%) and @entity6741 (26% and 14%). @entity12873 treatment increased serum @entity165 by 29% and increased the biliary output of @entity165 , phospholipid and @entity6741 by 800%, 10% and 45%, respectively. Thus, both agents increased the @entity165 saturation of bile (100% by @entity1670 , 500% by @entity12873 ). @entity165 and phospholipid in fistula bile from control @entity35 were present in lamellar and micellar forms. @entity1670 treatment did not alter the physical form of biliary lipids whilst @entity12873 caused the appearance of vesicular lipid in fistula bile. Thus, increased biliary secretion of @entity165 explains, at least in part, the hypocholesterolaemic action of @entity1670 . In addition, since aggregation of biliary vesicles is involved in @entity165 @entity5990 formation in @entity1 , the non-appearance of vesicular material in fistula bile from @entity1670 -treated @entity35 may be of some importance.

title: Effects of XXXX on biliary lipid output in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity12873 :: ('MESH:D004144', 'Chemical') :: ['Diosgenin', 'diosgenin']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid', 'Niacin', 'niacin']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1670 :: (MESH:D009525,Chemical) :: ['niacin']


abstract: Prognostic factors to estimate the risk of relapse are crucial for risk-adapted therapy in @entity981 ( @entity981 ). In a cooperative multicenter treatment study for @entity981 (COALL-03-85) the prognostic relevance of the bone marrow (BM) blast count at day 28 was evaluated. Treatment was adjusted to the initial risk factors; @entity1 with high risk (white blood count (WBC) greater than or equal to 25/nl, age greater than or equal to 10 years, T- or NULL- @entity981 ) received intensified therapy consisting of rotation of 6 non cross-resistant drug combinations with 12 different agents. After 4 weeks 289/305 (94.8%) @entity1 were in complete remission (CR); one @entity1 died of infection, and 15 (14 high-risk @entity1 ) still had more than 5% blasts in the BM. Twelve of these 15 @entity1 were in remission after 2 to 4 weeks additional treatment. Poor responders often had a high initial WBC, age above 10 years of T- or NULL- @entity981 . In spite of continuation of intensive therapy all @entity1 with more than 10% blasts in the BM on day 28 suffered an early relapse except 2 who were transplanted in first remission. Event-free survival for the poor responders is 0.15 compared to 0.71 (p = 0.0001) for the good responders (median observation time 48 months). In multivariate analysis remission status on day 28 was the only significant prognostic factor in high-risk @entity1 above one year of age; traditional risk factors as initial WBC, age above 10 years, @entity828 , and immunological subtype were of no prognostic significance in this study. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Initial response to therapy as an important prognostic factor in XXXX in childhood. COALL study group].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['childhood ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells can lyse certain @entity5 cells as well as virally infected cells without prior sensitization. Animal studies have shown that general anesthesia (GA) alone or GA followed by surgery decreases both basal NK @entity137 and enhancement of NK activity by interferon (IFN). The purpose of this study was to determine whether similar inhibition of NK activity by anesthesia and surgery occurs in @entity1 . Venous blood was drawn 1 h before and 20-24 h after surgery under @entity5161 / @entity3727 anesthesia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were assayed for basal and @entity3027 -stimulated NK @entity137 using a @entity3407 release assay with K562 cells as targets. Flow cytometry was used to enumerate NK, T-helper, and T-cytotoxic/suppressor cell populations in each sample. Basal NK activity was significantly depressed after GA and GA and surgery. Although the postoperative IFN treatment increased NK activity to the preoperative basal level, the level achieved was significantly lower than the level observed after IFN stimulation of PBMC as evaluated preoperatively. This decreased activity does not seem to be the result of a decrease in the percentage of circulating NK cells. The decrease in NK activity after anesthesia and surgery may lead to increased susceptibility to @entity5 dissemination and thus needs to be explored. IMPLICATIONS: Natural killer cells can kill @entity5 cells and virally infected cells. This study shows that surgery with general anesthesia leads to decreased natural killer cell activity as assessed int he laboratory. This decreased natural killer cell activity may lead to @entity5 dissemination. NK activity can be restored to presurgery levels by treating isolated NK cells with interferon-alpha.

title: The effects of general anesthesia and surgery on basal and interferon stimulated natural killer cell activity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'infection or tumor', 'cancer', 'infection and/or tumor']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the histological differences and the particular aspects of local angiogenesis in knee joint of the @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 10 cases with @entity309 and five @entity571 , immunohistochemical stains were performed with @entity2279 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). All surgical samples provided from total knee joint arthroplasty. Angiogenesis was quantified in both synovial membrane and cartilage. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity571 , villous proliferation of the synovial membrane was more prominent that in @entity309 . In the last, invasion of the cartilage by the proliferated synovial tissue was more characteristic. The neovascularization was more intense in @entity309 than in @entity571 , in both synovium and degenerated cartilage. In @entity309 , the vessels were immature in the superficial areas and became larger in the deep synovium. The local angiogenesis was characterized by sprouting and splitting (intussusceptions) mechanisms. In @entity571 , the mature vessels predominated in the subintimal zones. Sprouting or non-sprouting mechanisms of local angiogenesis, which can indicate vascular formation from the resident mature vessels, were not identified in @entity571 . CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis seems to have particular behavior in @entity309 and @entity571 . In @entity309 , local active angiogenesis seems to predominate but in @entity571 up taking of the circulating precursors may be more intensely involved. Intra-articular inhibition of local angiogenesis could have therapeutically impact in @entity309 but not in @entity571 . Finally, we can conclude that there probably are many different pathways leading to the same joint damage having certain therapeutic consequences.

title: @entity7 and @entity2279 expression in arthritic synovium and cartilage of XXXX knee joints.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: Postural insufficiency in @entity1 and adolescents is considered as a risk factor for back @entity158 . The evaluation is performed through the Matthiass arm-raising test, a visual test procedure with a high risk of subjective interpretation. Therefore, the prevalence data for @entity1887 differ over a wide range in the literature. This study is focuses on the prevalence of @entity1887 before and during adolescence with an objective test procedure and a more accurate interpretation of the Matthiass arm-raising test. METHOD: Pictures of 663 @entity1 , examined through the photographically documented Matthiass arm-raising test, were measured with specially developed software on the monitor. The degree of body trunk inclination indicating the postural stability power allows one to accurately define the following categories: postural stability, @entity73 and postural decline. RESULTS: 34% of @entity1 at the age of 8 to 9 years show a @entity1887 which is evenly distributed between @entity73 and postural decline for both genders. At the age of 11 to 14 years, @entity1887 decreases to 19%. The decline, especially for severe forms, is predominant in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Before the adolescence period, @entity1887 is distributed evenly with regard to both form and gender, while a noticeable decline shows up as the age increases. The decline for @entity1 seems to be less caused by the earlier entry into adolescence.

title: [The prevalence of postural disorders in XXXX and adolescents: a cross sectional study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['postural impairment']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['postural insufficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Between April 1984 and May 1989, 77 eligible @entity1 with invasive, nonmetastatic (stage M0) transitional cell @entity150 were stratified after radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection on the basis of nodal status (stage pN0 versus pN1-2) and were randomly assigned to either observation or postoperative @entity900 chemotherapy (3 courses of 90 mg./m.2 @entity900 given for 3 consecutive days at monthly intervals). @entity1 eligibility included a @entity1011 clearance of greater than 60 ml. per minute. There were 40 eligible @entity1 in the control group (median age 61 years) and 37 in the @entity900 group (median age 64 years). In regard to postoperative @entity5 stage and nodal status, there was no statistical difference between the 2 @entity1 groups. In the @entity900 group 21 @entity1 received the full dose, 9 required dose reduction and 7 refused treatment. Median followup was 5 years 9 months (range 3 to 8 years). Survival analysis showed no significant difference (log rank p = 0.65) between the 40 @entity1 in the control group and the 37 in the @entity900 group. The survival rate at 5 years was 54% (95% confidence interval 39 to 69%) in the control group and 57% (95% confidence interval 40 to 74%) in the treatment group. @entity1 with @entity5 confined to the bladder wall (stage pT3a or less) had a 5-year overall survival rate of 70% and those with @entity5 growth in the perivesical fat or into the prostate (stages pT3b plus pT4a) had a 5-year overall survival rate of 40%. This difference in survival between the low stage subgroup (stages pT3a or less) and the high stage subgroup (pT3b plus pT4a) is highly significant (p = 0.0043). However, no difference between the controls and the @entity900 group was found within either the low or high stage subgroups. The reasons for failing to show a survival benefit from adjuvant high dose @entity900 monotherapy after radical cystectomy are discussed.

title: Adjuvant @entity900 chemotherapy following cystectomy for XXXX : results of a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: The genesis of the cuneothalamic neurons (CTNs) in the @entity35 cuneate nucleus was determined by a double-labeling method using @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ), the @entity1014 analogue, and @entity16853 (FG), a retrograde fluorescent tracer. @entity1603 -positive cells were observed in the cuneate nucleus in all @entity35 receiving @entity1603 injection at embryonic days (E) E13--E16; none was detected in @entity35 given @entity1603 injection at E12. At E13 and E14, @entity1603 -positive cells were randomly distributed. However, at E15, the number of @entity1603 -positive cells was clearly reduced and the majority of them was located at the dorsolateral or peripheral region of the nucleus. FG/ @entity1603 double-labeling study showed the existence of @entity1603 -labeled CTNs when the mother @entity35 received @entity1603 injection at E13 and E14, being more numerous at E13 in which the neurons were scattered throughout the nucleus. At E14, however, the majority of the @entity1603 -labeled CTNs were located superficially in the nucleus. Double-labeled cells were undetected in @entity35 that had been exposed to @entity1603 at E15 and E16. Quantitative data showed that the majority (ca 70-80%) of the CTNs were generated at E13, and were markedly decreased at E14 (ca 4-6%). Using @entity1110 -diaphorase ( @entity1110 -d) histochemistry coupled with @entity1603 immunohistochemistry, we have shown the @entity1110 -d/ @entity1603 double-labeled neurons in the nucleus between E13 and E15, with the majority of them occurring at E14, but absent at E16. The present results suggest that the CTNs are generated prior to the NO-containing neurons in the cuneate nucleus.

title: Neurogenesis of cuneothalamic neurons and NO-containing neurons in the cuneate nucleus of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5'-bromodeoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity16853 :: ('MESH:C049774', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoro-Gold']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The possibility of a genetic relationship between @entity5344 was investigated in data from a large multicenter, population-based, case-control study, the @entity5 and @entity134 Hormone Study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for mothers and sisters of 493 @entity43 cases, 895 @entity0 cases, and 143 @entity1204 cases versus 4,754 controls were calculated. Significantly elevated age-adjusted RRs were found for @entity43 (RR = 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-4.9) and @entity0 (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-2.1) among relatives of @entity43 probands and for @entity0 (RR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.7-2.5) and @entity43 (RR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.0-2.0) among relatives of @entity0 probands. Relatives of @entity1204 probands had an elevated RR for @entity1204 only (RR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.6-4.8). The genetic relationship between @entity5344 was tested using a multivariate polygenic threshold model developed by Smith (1976), which was modified to accommodate three classes of probands. Estimates of heritability for @entity5344 were 40%, 56%, and 52%, respectively. There was a significant genetic correlation between @entity5344 (R12 = .484). Evidence for significant genetic overlap between @entity43 was not found. These results suggest the existence of a @entity5344 . @entity1204 , while heritable, appears to be genetically unrelated.

title: Evaluating genetic association among XXXX : evidence for a @entity5344 relationship.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'endometrial cancer and either ovarian or breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and breast cancer', 'familial breast/ovarian cancer syndrome', 'ovarian, breast, and endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['ovarian, breast, and endometrial cancer']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Outcomes of oral implant therapy have been described primarily in terms of implant survival rates and the durability of implant superstructures. Reports of @entity1 -based outcomes of implant therapy have been sparse, and none of these studies have used oral-specific health status measures. PURPOSE: This study assessed the impact of implant-stabilized prostheses on the health status of complete denture wearers using @entity1 -based, oral-specific health status measures. It also assessed the influence of preoperative expectations on outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three experimental groups requesting replacement of their conventional complete dentures completed an Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and a validated denture satisfaction scale before treatment. One group received an implant-stabilized prosthesis (IG), and 2 groups received new conventional complete dentures ( @entity52631 and @entity14416 ). After treatment, all subjects completed the health status measures again; preoperative data were compared with postoperative data. RESULTS: Before treatment, satisfaction with complete dentures was low in all 3 groups. Subjects requesting implants (IG and @entity52631 ) had high expectations for implant-stabilized prostheses. Improvement in denture satisfaction and OHIP scores was reported by all 3 groups after treatment. Subjects who received their preferred treatment (IG and @entity14416 subjects) reported a much greater improvement than @entity52631 subjects. Preoperative expectation levels did not appear to influence satisfaction with the outcomes of implant therapy in IG subjects. CONCLUSION: Subjects who received implants (IG) that replaced conventional complete dentures reported significant improvement after treatment, as did subjects who requested conventional replacement dentures ( @entity14416 ). The OHIP appears useful in identifying @entity1 likely to benefit from implant-stabilized prostheses.

title: A XXXX -based assessment of implant-stabilized and conventional complete dentures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity146 in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a major influence on the morbidity and disability of @entity1 and is central to decisions on @entity1 institutionalization. @entity146 ranges from withdrawal, apathy, and @entity308 to hostility, anger, and @entity146 , with most @entity1 exhibiting some symptoms during the course of the disease. Symptoms of @entity308 are common in @entity195 @entity1 (17-30%) and are associated with @entity146 and increased functional disability. Furthermore, the occurrence of @entity308 in @entity1 correlates strongly with caregiver burden and @entity308 . This report summarizes the relationship between @entity147 and @entity1 @entity146 . Administration of the Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist provided information on the frequency of @entity146 and their association with @entity147 . In one study of 201 @entity1 -caregiver dyads, @entity308 -related behaviors were confirmed as the most distressing to caregivers. In another, the rates of caregiver @entity308 were high (75%) among those caring for clinically @entity308 @entity195 @entity1 . Indeed, in a third study, 100% of @entity1 with @entity308 had @entity308 caregivers. The vulnerability of caregivers to @entity308 is linked to their own age, gender, physical ability, personality, and available social supports. Alleviation of @entity147 , @entity308 will be of great value in the improvement of @entity195 @entity1 care.

title: Behavior and caregiver burden: @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity195 and its association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['burden, and depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['broad behavioral dysfunction', 'aggression', 'behavioral problems', 'Behavioral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['caregiver distress']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['caregiver distress']


abstract: Islet amyloid polypeptide ( @entity18670 or @entity18670 ) potently reduces food intake in @entity35 at or near physiological concentrations. Although the mechanisms of action of @entity18670 are not understood, the brain is a suggested site. Changes in hypothalamic and striatal neurotransmission have been reported following acute systemic administration of a pharmacological concentration of @entity18670 . In the current study, we evaluated the effects of chronic administration of low doses of @entity18670 on satiety-related neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum, left cortex, and right cortex of the @entity35 . Doses of 0, 5 and 25 pmol @entity18670 /kg-min were administered subcutaneously for 2 or 5 days. Food intake was reduced by 27 and 44% (both P<0.001) for the 5 and 25 pmol/kg-min groups, respectively, in the 2-day experiment and was decreased by 14% (P<0.01) and 24% (P<0.001), respectively, in the 5-day experiment. Body weight was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. In the 2-day experiment, @entity1063 increased in the hypothalamus in the 5 pmol @entity18670 /kg-min group, and @entity5716 increased in the hippocampus in the 25 pmol/kg-min @entity35 (both P<0.05). In the 5-day, 5 pmol/kg-min @entity35 , @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) increased in the hypothalmus and @entity8586 ( @entity6140 ) increased in the striatum (both P<0.05). In the 5-day, 25 pmol/kg-min group, @entity10969 (NPY) increased in the hypothalamus (P<0.01) and @entity6140 increased in the hypothalmus and striatum (both P<0.05). The present study confirms that @entity18670 is a potent anorectic peptide at low doses and suggests that @entity18670 not only affects classical neurotransmitters in the brain but also alters concentrations of neuropeptides known to be involved in food intake.

title: Effects of long-term infusion of anorexic concentrations of islet amyloid polypeptide on neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5716 :: ('MESH:D009496', 'Chemical') :: ['neurotensin']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In @entity375 and animals, cyclins have been demonstrated to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. In recent years, a large number of A-, B-, and D-class cyclins have been isolated from a variety of plant species. One class of cyclins, the D-class cyclins, is important for progression through G1 phase of the cell cycle. In @entity958 , four D-class cyclins have been isolated and characterized ( @entity55896 , @entity55897 , @entity16658 , and @entity55898 -D4;1). In this report we describe the characterization of a fifth D-class @entity55898 gene, @entity55899 ( @entity55899 ), from @entity958 . An enhancer trap line, line 5580, contains a T-DNA insertion in @entity16658 ;2. Enhancer trap line 5580 exhibits expression in young @entity47 . In line 5580, T-DNA is inserted in the first exon of the @entity55899 gene; in homozygous 5580 plants @entity55899 RNA is not detectable. Even though @entity55899 gene function is eliminated, homozygous 5580 plants do not exhibit an obvious growth or developmental phenotype. Via in situ hybridization we demonstrate that @entity55899 RNA is expressed in developing @entity47 . In addition, @entity55899 is also capable of rescuing a @entity375 that is deficient in G1 @entity55898 activity.

title: An enhancer trap line associated with a D-class @entity55898 gene in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetative and floral primordia']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast strain', 'yeast']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Mutations of the @entity21864 gene lead to @entity21864 haploinsufficiency and to @entity747 ( @entity747 ) with @entity529 positive inclusions. It is assumed that unknown genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors are responsible for the observed marked degree of phenotypic variability among mutation carriers. This is the first published series of German @entity747 cases screened for @entity21864 mutations. Mean age at onset was 62 years, 19 @entity1 (24%) had a positive family history of @entity303 , and 11 @entity1 (14%) had a positive family history for probable @entity747 . Data on @entity747 subtypes are presented. Two mutations were identified (3%), one of which has been described previously. Clinically, both @entity1 showed the frontal-behavioural variant type of @entity747 . Remarkably, a sibling of one case presented with progressive @entity5785 , clinically distinct from the brother. We also performed quantitative PCR analyses to detect potential whole @entity21864 gene and exon deletions. Here, results were negative.

title: Frequency of @entity21864 mutations in a German cohort of 79 frontotemporal XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['nonfluent aphasia']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration', 'FTD']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3885 after ileal pouch construction has been reported only after closure of the diverting loop ileostomy, and biofeedback was an effective treatment modality. METHOD: This is a case report of a @entity1 with immediate obstructed defecation after ileal pouch-anal @entity254 without a covering loop ileostomy and its successful pharmacologic management. RESULTS: A 38-year-old female underwent restorative proctectomy and stapled ileal J-pouch-anal @entity254 without a covering loop ileostomy. On the seventh postoperative day, her pouch catheter (in lieu of a covering loop ileostomy) was removed and she failed to evacuate. After ruling out any technical complications, @entity3988 was commenced with successful spontaneous pouch emptying. @entity3885 reoccurred after cessation of @entity3988 one week later, but the symptoms resolved once the @entity3988 was recommenced. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3885 has been reported in @entity1 after pelvic pouch reconstruction. However, in all those @entity1 a diverting loop ileostomy had been raised and their obstructive symptoms were only apparent after closure of the ileostomy and when the pouch had healed. The concern regarding our @entity1 was the complete outlet obstruction so soon after surgery, with undue strain on the @entity254 and the potential risk of disruption. Our only two options were either to create a diverting loop ileostomy or to try a fast-acting pharmacologic agent ( @entity3988 ) to treat the presumed levator @entity2473 . The latter option spared the @entity1 a further operation.

title: XXXX after undiverted ileoanal pouch reconstruction for ulcerative colitis: pharmacologic approach. Report of a case.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructed defecation']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['Obstructed defecation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The quantitative relationship between @entity5 morphology and malignant potential has not been explored in @entity96 . We designed a computer algorithm to analyze shape features of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and tested feasibility of morphologic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional images from 118 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity157 between 2007 and 2010 were extracted at the widest index @entity5 diameter. The @entity5 margins were outlined, and point coordinates were input into a MATLAB (MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA) algorithm. Twelve shape descriptors were calculated per @entity5 : the compactness, the @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ), the RD standard deviation (RDSD), the RD area ratio (RDAR), the zero crossings, entropy, the @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ), the Feret ratio, the @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) and perimeter (CHP) ratios, the elliptic compactness (EC), and the elliptic irregularity (EI). The parameters were correlated with the levels of @entity160 ( @entity160 ) as an indicator of @entity146 . RESULTS: The quantitative morphometric analysis was technically successful in all cases. The mean parameters were as follows: compactness 0.88  0.086, @entity4542 0.83  0.056, RDSD 0.087  0.037, RDAR 0.045  0.023, zero crossings 6  2.2, entropy 1.43  0.16, @entity5562 4.40  3.14 cm, Feret ratio 0.78  0.089, @entity1653 0.98  0.027, CHP 0.98  0.030, EC 0.95  0.043, and EI 0.95  0.023. @entity5562 and RDAR provided the widest value range for the best shape discrimination. The larger @entity5 were less compact, more concave, and @entity5 (P < 0.0001). @entity160 -producing @entity5 displayed greater morphologic irregularity based on several parameters, including compactness, @entity4542 , RDSD, RDAR, entropy, and EI (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: Computerized @entity157 image analysis using shape descriptors is technically feasible. Aggressively growing @entity5 have wider diameters and more irregular margins. Future studies will determine further clinical applications for this morphologic analysis.

title: Quantitative morphometric analysis of XXXX : development of a programmed algorithm and preliminary application.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'less ellipsoid than the smaller tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['convex hull area', 'CHA']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['mean Feret diameter', 'MFD']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['mean radial distance', 'MRD']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Symptomatic @entity7723 ( @entity7723 ) as found in South-East Asia is uncommon in India. However, the presence of Hb @entity16655 's in cord blood samples has been reported from different parts of India and the prevalence of @entity7723 has ranged from 0.5 to 18% by different electrophoretic techniques. The methodology utilised has ranged from paper electrophoresis to isoelectric focussing (IEF). We screened 798 cord bloods for the presence of Hb @entity16655 's by cellulose @entity598 electrophoresis and found a prevalence rate of @entity7723 of 15.3% in a heterogenous population in Bombay. A comparison of four different electrophoretic techniques for detection of Hb @entity16655 's in 138 neonates showed that cellulose @entity598 and starch gel electrophoresis were by and large comparable and only a little less sensitive than IEF. Paper electrophoresis used at many centers in India was most insensitive. As alpha-genotyping is not possible at most centers in the country, it is suggested that a simple @entity27238 electrophoresis would be the method of choice for screening neonates for @entity7723 in India. As a part of our follow-up study, alpha-genotyping was done by Southern blot hybridization in 24 cases who had shown variable levels of Hb @entity16655 's at birth. The rightward deletion (-alpha3.7/) either in a heterozygous or homozygous condition was the only gene defect encountered in this preliminary study. However, 7 of 24 cases (29.17%) showed no correlation between Hb @entity16655 's level and alpha-genotypes.

title: Is cellulose @entity598 electrophoresis a suitable technique for detection of Hb XXXX 's at birth?

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thal', 'alpha-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity27238 :: ('MESH:C005062', 'Chemical') :: ['cellulose acetate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

answer: @entity16655 :: (23568,Gene) :: ['Bart']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An operative four-stage regimen (stage 1, debridement; stage 2, closure; stage 3, unloading; stage 4, correction) for operative treatment of @entity4760 with @entity85 , and first clinical results are introduced. METHODS AND RESULTS: 335 @entity1 entered stage 1 between 01/09/2006 and 31/08/2010. Stage 1: In 189 cases (56%), one debridement resulted in sterile postoperative specimens. Stage 2: 210 cases (63%) sustained secondary closure, 97 (29%) local shifted skin graft, and 20 (6%) functional amputation. Stage 3: 304 (90%) finished stage 3, 14 (4%) presented with recurrent @entity1066 . Stage 4: In 185 cases (55%), correction arthrodeses were performed successfully. FOLLOW-UP: 300 (90%) completed follow-up at 26months on average (12-48months). Recurrent @entity1066 was registered in 46 (15%). Overall amputation rate was 14%, the majority at digital or midfoot level. Four cases (1%) required a below-knee amputation. CONCLUSIONS: The management of @entity4760 combined with @entity85 with the introduced regimen showed low major amputation rate and low recurrent @entity1066 rate compared with the literature.

title: Four-stage regimen for operative treatment of @entity4760 with @entity85 - a results of 300 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Dialysis is associated with an increased generation of oxidants, which play an important part in the development of @entity409 and @entity731 . Markers of oxidative stress include F2- @entity10329 and @entity17487 . Measurements in dialysis @entity1 before dialysis showed higher levels of esterified plasma F2- @entity10329 (1.62 +/- 0.73 ng/mL) than in control subjects (0.27 +/- 0.10 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, levels also correlated with high plasma @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels (r =.48, P = 0.015). Breath @entity17487 levels for dialysis @entity1 (N = 19) were 6.32 +/- 3.16 pmol/kg-min, in contrast to 3.08 +/- 1.50 pmol/kg-min in control subjects (N = 11, P < 0.005). Analysis to investigate the relationship between @entity1851 levels and outcome indicated that there was a significant difference in mortality rate over a 3-year period between @entity1 with low and high @entity1851 values (P < 0.001). @entity1 with high @entity1851 (> 16.8 mg/L) levels were more than twice as likely to die as @entity1 with low @entity1851 levels (relative risk [RR] = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-3.09). @entity1851 values were a significant predictor of mortality even after controlling for @entity6 , albumin, ferritin, and age at commencement of dialysis. The RR for @entity1851 after adjustment was 1.58 (95% CI, 1.06-2.34, P = 0.024). There were no significant interactions between @entity1851 and other predictors of mortality, indicating that high @entity1851 levels have an additive effect on the mortality risk. These findings show that hemodialysis @entity1 are exposed to both oxidative stress and @entity32 .

title: Oxidative stress and XXXX in hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostanes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Notch signaling plays critical roles in stem cells by regulating cell fate determination and differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of Notch signaling in neurogenic commitment of @entity1 periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLSCs) and to examine the ability to control differentiation of these cells using modified surfaces containing affinity immobilized Notch ligands. Neurogenic induction of hPDLSCs was performed via neurosphere formation. Cells were aggregated and form spheres as early 1 day in culture. In addition, the induced cells exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of neuronal markers that is, b3-tubulin and neurofilament. During neuronal differentiation, a significant increase of @entity1135 and @entity21507 mRNA expression was noted. Using pharmacological inhibition (y-secretase inhibitor) or genetic manipulation (overexpression of dominant negative mastermind-like transcription co-activators), neurosphere formation was attenuated and a marked decrease in neurogenic mRNA expression was observed. To confirm the role of Notch signaling in neuronal differentiation of hPDLSCs, the Notch ligand, @entity127 , is bound to the surface using an affinity immobilization technique. The hPDLSC cultured on a @entity127 -modified surface had increased expression of Notch signaling target genes, @entity1135 and @entity21507 , confirming the activity and potency of surface-bound @entity127 . Further, hPDLSC on surface-bound @entity127 under serum-free conditions showed multiple long and thin neurite-like extensions, and an increase in the expression of neurogenic mRNA markers was observed. Pretreatment of the cells with y-secretase inhibitor, @entity39629 , before seeding on the @entity127 -modified surface blocked development of the neurite-like morphology. Together, the results in this study suggest the involvement of Notch signaling in neurogenic commitment of hPDLSCs.

title: Notch signaling is involved in neurogenic commitment of XXXX periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast remains limited. MRI studies to date have shown that differentiation of @entity189 from certain benign breast changes can be difficult. The problem of suspected @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 with known but treated @entity0 is considered. Forty-five @entity1 were studied, all having been treated by lumpectomy combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Suspicion of recurrence was suggested by X-ray mammography or clinically by the presence of a current breast mass, @entity5026 , or nipple discharge. The principle differential diagnosis rested between post-treatment @entity82 and @entity5 . Axial and sagittal images were obtained using T1-and T2-weighted pulse sequence. Images were enhanced with intravenous @entity7241 in cases where there was a mass. The tomographic format and inherent high soft tissue contrast provided by MRI are of particular value in this situation. The morphological appearances of @entity5 , @entity82 , and other post-radiation affects are described and compared. MRI allowed accurate differentiation in the majority of case. In equivocal cases enhancement of mass lesions with @entity7241 provided excellent confirmatory evidence of @entity5 .

title: The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of local recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['breast pain']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium DTPA']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: The eggshell in @entity238 is produced by ovarian follicle cells during the later stages of oogenesis. Eggshell formation involves the ordered synthesis and assembly of several protein components. Genes encoding the most abundant eggshell proteins have been identified by molecular cloning studies. Morphological examination of eggs produced by females carrying female sterile mutations on the X and third chromosomes have revealed additional loci involved in chorion formation. In this study we screened a collection of female sterile mutants carrying EMS-induced mutations on the second chromosome for eggshell mutants. A class of six mutants with potential vitelline membrane defects was identified on the basis of the response of mutant eggs to hypochlorite solutions. Biochemical analysis showed that one mutant, fs(2)QJ42, failed to produce a major vitelline membrane protein, @entity51664 . The mutation was mapped cytogenetically to 26A, a region previously implicated in vitelline membrane formation by molecular cloning studies. Northern blot analysis using a cloned copy of the @entity51664 gene as probe showed a 10- to 15-fold reduction of @entity51664 RNA levels in the mutant. @entity51664 synthesis and fertility were restored when a normal copy of the @entity51664 gene was introduced into the mutant via germ line transformation. Transposons carrying the @entity51664 gene with as little as 147 bp of 5' flanking DNA were capable of restoring fertility and @entity51664 protein to wild type levels.

title: Molecular analysis and rescue of a vitelline membrane mutant in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The mechanism of tooth bleaching using @entity2625 oxidizers is not fully understood. It is unknown whether @entity2625 radicals make teeth whiter by deproteinizing, demineralizing, or oxidizing tooth tissues. This study was designed to define the mechanism of tooth bleaching and determine which of tooth enamel chemical components is/are affected by bleaching. METHODS: Sixty sound teeth were collected from adult @entity1 . The teeth were divided into 6 equal groups (n=10). Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were treated for 4 days with one of the following solutions: deproteinizing ( @entity6674 ) that removes organic content, demineralizing ( @entity1098 ) that decalcifies the mineral content, oxidizing ( @entity274 ) and distilled water (control). Group 5 and 6 were pre-treated with either deproteinizing or demineralizing solutions before treating them with oxidizing solutions for 4 days. Changes in enamel elemental ratios, crystallinity index and tooth shade parameters of the treated teeth were examined by means of EDS, Raman spectroscopy and shade-spectrophotometry. The data obtained was analysed with Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test, and the statistical signi   cance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Tooth deproteinization increased the lightness by 4.8    2.7  , @entity3760 resulted in 8.5    5.6   decrease in the lightness and tooth oxidization induced 19.9    6.5   increase in the lightness. Oxidization of the deproteinized teeth did not influence shade parameters, but oxidation of the demineralized teeth resulted in 10.7    5.8   increase in the lightness. CONCLUSION: @entity273 does not induce significant changes in tooth enamel organic and inorganic relative contents, and it whitens teeth just by oxidizing their organic matrix. These findings are of great clinical significance since they explain the mechanism of tooth bleaching, and help understanding its limitations and disadvantages.

title: XXXX whitens teeth by oxidizing the organic structure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3760 :: ('MESH:D017001', 'Disease') :: ['tooth demineralization']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a model exploiting artificial @entity1274 (ANNs) to correlate dosimetric and clinical variables with late @entity548 in @entity263 @entity1 undergoing radical radiotherapy and to compare the ANN results with those of a standard logistic regression (LR) analysis. 718 @entity1 included in the AIROPROS 0102 trial were analyzed. This multicenter protocol was characterized by the prospective evaluation of @entity137 , with a minimum follow-up of 36 months. Radiotherapy doses were between 70 and 80 Gy. Information was recorded for comorbidity, previous abdominal surgery, use of drugs and hormonal therapy. For each @entity1 , a rectal dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the whole treatment was recorded and the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) evaluated as an effective descriptor of the whole DVH. Late @entity548 of grade >=  2 was considered to define positive events in this study (52 of 718 @entity1 ). The overall population was split into training and verification sets, both of which were involved in model instruction, and a test set, used to evaluate the predictive power of the model with independent data. Fourfold cross-validation was also used to provide realistic results for the full dataset. The LR was performed on the same data. Five variables were selected to predict late @entity548 : EUD, abdominal surgery, presence of @entity6713 , use of anticoagulants and @entity342 deprivation. Following a receiver operating characteristic analysis of the independent test set, the areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.704 and 0.655 for ANN and LR, respectively. When evaluated with cross-validation, the AUC was 0.714 for ANN and 0.636 for LR, which differed at a significance level of p = 0.03. When a practical discrimination threshold was selected, ANN could classify data with sensitivity and specificity both equal to 68.0%, whereas these values were 61.5% for LR. These data provide reasonable evidence that results obtained with ANNs are superior to those achieved with LR when predicting late radiotherapy-related @entity548 . The future introduction of @entity1 -related personal characteristics, such as gene expression profiles, might improve the predictive power of statistical classifiers. More refined morphological aspects of the dose distribution, such as dose surface mapping, might also enhance the overall performance of ANN-based predictive models.

title: Late XXXX after 3D-CRT for @entity263 : development of a neural-network-based predictive model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['rectal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['rectal bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the prescribing of the antiobesity drug @entity350 in relation to the approved indication and its weight-reducing effect in clinical practice during the first 3 months of treatment. METHODS: Anonymous postal questionnaire survey to prescribers of @entity350 concerning a random sample of 1000 of 20,000 prescriptions. @entity1 : Useful information was obtained for 789 @entity1 . SETTING: Primary and secondary care in Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Beginning and continued treatment according to the approved indication. Dropout from treatment. Weight loss during treatment. RESULTS: Four percent of the @entity1 were prescribed @entity350 despite having a body mass index (BMI) less than 28 kg/m2. Only 24% of the @entity1 had a diet period with a @entity353 .5 kg or greater before the start of therapy. Half of the @entity1 with a weight loss of less than 5% after 3 months continued the treatment. Ten percent gained weight or had no weight loss at all while 43% lost less than 5% in weight. At least one-quarter of the @entity1 stopped the treatment within the observation period. CONCLUSION: @entity350 was not prescribed according to the approved indication in the majority of cases. The dropout rate was high and most @entity1 had minor gain from the treatment.

title: Incorrect use and limited weight reduction of XXXX (Xenical) in clinical practice. A cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['Orlistat', 'orlistat']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss of 2']

answer: @entity350 :: (MESH:C055122,Chemical) :: ['orlistat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigating the secretory immune response during the acute phase of @entity66 is hampered by difficulty in collecting suitable control specimens. This is particularly the case in @entity1 , as they are the most severely affected by this disease. In this study we examined the mucosal immunoglobulin response during the acute phase of @entity66 in @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The intestinal outputs of secretory immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM) and non-secretory proteins (IgG, albumin, @entity6417 , eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)) were measured in 14 African @entity1 with acute watery @entity294 (less than 3 days). These data were compared with those of 38 controls from the same area who had undergone whole-gut lavage (WGL) (inducing non-pathogenic watery @entity294 ) in a previous study of intestinal immunity and @entity32 . Intestinal secretion rates were measured by multiplying the concentration of the substances by the rate of administration of WGL fluid (equal to the output) or by the output of @entity294 . Statistical comparison was made using the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: IgA output in subjects with @entity294 was 1.8-fold greater (80.7 versus 45.6 mg/kg/day, p=0.03), whereas IgM output was 10-fold greater (21 versus 2.1 mg/kg/day, p=0.0001). Albumin, @entity6417 and IgG were all also greater to varying degrees (2.5-6.8-fold). ECP was unchanged. Increases in the non-secretory proteins would suggest increased permeability of the gastrointestinal tract but transudation of serum was insufficient to explain the rise in immunoglobulin output. CONCLUSIONS: The 10-fold increase in IgM secretion compared with a smaller relative increase in IgA suggests that this is the primary mucosal immune response in @entity697 .

title: IgM: mucosal response in @entity697 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diarrhoeal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity6648 cells which have been pharmacologically induced in culture to undergo neuronal 'differentiation' have been proposed as a model for normal neural crest cell differentiation. We have previously reported that @entity19 @entity521 cells treated with the antineoplastic agent @entity28807 ( @entity34834 ) adopt the light microscopic appearance of differentiated neurons. After undergoing morphologic change, the cells no longer divide. As part of an effort to compare the process of differentiation in these cells with what is known about normal neural crest cells, we have examined the cellular distribution and isoform complement of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) in native and @entity34834 -treated @entity521 cells. Our studies show that @entity34834 induces profound changes in @entity4497 distribution. Immunohistochemical staining indicates that, in contrast to native @entity521 cells, more than 80% of treated cells display surface @entity4497 by 4 days following treatment. Unlike the case for normal neurons, @entity4497 is uniformly distributed over the treated cell surface. @entity521 cells treated with @entity34834 are more avidly adherent to culture plates coated with @entity4497 than are control @entity521 cells, reflecting the homophilic binding characteristics of @entity4497 . Interestingly, Western blot analysis for @entity4497 demonstrates similar total cellular content of a single @entity4497 species in both control and treated @entity521 cells. Furthermore, this 120 kDa mol. wt. @entity4497 is an isoform of @entity4497 not found on normally @entity528 . While the presence of @entity4497 on these treated @entity19 @entity521 cells is evidence for 'differentiation' along neuronal lines, the isoform complement and cell surface distribution of @entity4497 in treated cells are not normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neuronal 'differentiation' of @entity19 XXXX cells induced by @entity28807 : neural cell adhesion molecules.

entities_list: @entity28807 :: ('MESH:D009353', 'Chemical') :: ['neocarzinostatin']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['Neural crest tumor']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated cerebellar neurons']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative systemic immune function is suppressed after open abdominal surgery, as compared with that after minimally invasive abdominal surgery. As a first line of defense, peritoneal macrophages (PMo) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) are of primary importance in protecting the body from microorganisms. Previous studies have shown changes in these cell populations over time after open versus laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of cell recruitment and clearance of peritoneal cells. METHODS: Female NMRI @entity19 (33 +/- 2 g) were randomly assigned to @entity544 ( @entity515 ) or air insufflation. Intravasal cells with phagocytic capabilities were selectively stained by intravenous injection of the fluorescent dye @entity13214 24 h before surgery. Gas was insufflated into the peritoneal cavity through a catheter, and the pneumoperitoneum was maintained for 30 min. Peritoneal lavage was performed 1, 3, 8, or 24 h after surgery. Apoptotic cells were assessed by flow cytometry using a general caspase substrate. RESULTS: The total peritoneal cell count did not differ between groups. The @entity13214 -positive PMo level was significantly increased after @entity515 , as compared with air, at 1 h and 24 h. The ratio of apoptotic PMo did not differ between the groups. In the peritoneal lavage, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were tripled in the air group, as compared with the @entity515 group, whereas the ratio of apoptotic PMNs was significantly decreased. There was a higher fraction of @entity13214 -positive PMNs after air exposure, as compared with that after @entity515 . CONCLUSIONS: Air exposure triggered a higher transmigration rate of PMNs from the blood compartment into the peritoneal cavity and decreased PMN apoptosis, as compared with @entity515 . The lower proportion of @entity13214 -positive peritoneal macrophages in the air group might have been attributable to a higher inflammatory stimulation than in the @entity515 group, leading to increased emigration of PMo to draining lymph nodes. All the findings underscore a complex cell-specific regulation of cell recruitment and clearance in the peritoneal compartment.

title: Impact of XXXX versus air pneumoperitoneum on peritoneal cell migration and cell fate.

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess retrospectively the efficacy and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty ( @entity12468 ) combined with @entity4381 (ZA) for the treatment of @entity158 osteolytic spinal metastases from @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity12468 was performed in 43 @entity1 with @entity0 and @entity158 osteolytic spinal metastases; 126 vertebrae were treated. The @entity1 subsequently received 4 mg ZA via a 15-minute intravenous infusion every 4 weeks for 12 months. @entity158 and quality of life (QoL) were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), respectively, 24 hours before @entity12468 and 24 hours, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after @entity12468 . Skeletal-related events (SREs) were assessed for 12 months following the intervention. RESULTS: The mean VAS scores decreased significantly from 7.6    1.9 at 24 hours before @entity12468 to 3.6    1.4 at 24 hours, 2.0    1.5 at 1 month, 2.8    1.6 at 3 months, 3.1    0.8 at 6 months, and 2.5    0.9 at 12 months after the intervention (P < .05). KPS scores increased significantly after the combination treatment (P < .05). Compared with previous studies without @entity12468 or ZA treatment, this @entity1 group had a lower incidence of SREs. No major complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12468 combined with ZA was shown to be a highly effective and safe combination therapy to relieve @entity158 and improve QoL in @entity1 with osteolytic spinal metastases from @entity0 . The combination therapy also prevented the occurrence of SREs.

title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with @entity4381 for the treatment of @entity158 osteolytic spinal metastases in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity28 has been associated with impaired quality of life (QoL). We evaluated the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after gastric bypass. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 morbidly @entity28 @entity1 >5 years after gastric bypass and on a control group of 78 non-operated morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . Both groups were evaluated for the EuroQol 5D measure and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. In addition, the Bariatric Analysis of Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) was applied to the surgical group. @entity308 and severe life events were included in the analysis. Logistic Regression Model was used, and age was included in the analysis. RESULTS: Groups were similar except for mean age (lower in the surgical group: 40.5+/-9.0 vs 46.1+/-8.8 years, P=0.026). 86.5% of @entity1 had >50% Excess Weight Loss. 85.7% showed an improvement in co-morbid conditions. BAROS Global score: 22% excellent, 56% very good, 18% good, 2% fair and 2% failure. After surgery, significant improvements were reported in self-esteem (94%), work conditions (72.6%), physical activity (66.7%), and sexual interest/activity (50.9%). The control group showed poorer results for the EuroQol 5D in mobility (55% vs 21.6%, P=0.005), difficulty with daily activity (55% vs 13.7%, P=0.005) and self-evaluation of well-being (59.2% vs 78.1%, P=0.005). @entity1 with @entity308 or insufficient @entity353 following surgery presented poorer global evaluation in HRQoL. CONCLUSION: Gastric bypass resulted in significant long-term improvements in co-morbidities, sustained @entity353 and increased HRQoL. @entity308 and insufficient @entity353 were associated with poorer HRQoL in surgical @entity1 .

title: Long-term health-related quality of life following gastric bypass: influence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']