abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively compare dynamic three-dimensional (3D) @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the detection of @entity850 of the craniocervical vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity543 of more than 50% at sonography prospectively underwent both MR angiography and DSA. The overall quality of each DSA and MR angiographic study was analyzed. For each craniocervical vessel (brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, and vertebral arteries) (n = 231), @entity850 was graded as follows: normal, mild (<50%), moderate to severe (>50%), or occlusion. MR angiographic and DSA results were compared by means of the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rs). RESULTS: The overall diagnostic quality of MR angiography was excellent or adequate. Three studies were inadequate because of a poor signal-to-noise ratio (13 of 231 arteries) or a coverage error (five of 231 arteries). Findings at MR angiography and DSA agreed on the degree of @entity850 (Rs = 0.82, P <.001). No cases of @entity850 of more than 50% were missed at MR angiography. However, some discrepancies were noted between vertebral arteries and the other craniocervical vessels. The sensitivity and specificity for @entity850 of more than 50% in other craniocervical vessels were 100% and 98%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for @entity850 of more than 50% in the vertebral arteries were 100% and 85%, respectively. Findings at MR angiography tended to result in overestimation of the degree of @entity850 , especially in vertebral arteries (10 [15%] of 66 arteries). CONCLUSION: MR angiography is useful to rule out @entity850 of the craniocervical vessels. MR angiography is an adequate diagnostic tool for @entity850 , except in the vertebral artery.

title: Proximal great vessels of aortic arch: comparison of three-dimensional XXXX -enhanced MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ostial stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (ECMO) typically requires multiple blood transfusions and is associated with frequent @entity548 complications. Blood transfusions are known to increase morbidity and mortality in critically ill @entity1 , which may extend to @entity1 receiving ECMO. Aiming to reduce transfusion requirements, we implemented a blood conservation protocol in adults with severe @entity649 ( @entity649 ) receiving ECMO. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of adults receiving ECMO for @entity649 after initiation of a blood conservation protocol that included a transfusion trigger of hemoglobin of less than 7.0 g/dL, use of low-dose anticoagulation targeting an activated partial thromboplastin time of 40 to 60 seconds, and autotransfusion of circuit blood during decannulation. The primary objective was to evaluate transfusion requirements during ECMO support. Clinical outcomes included survival, neurologic function, renal function, @entity548 , and @entity715 . RESULTS: The analysis included 38 @entity1 ; of these, 24 (63.2%) received a transfusion while receiving ECMO. Median hemoglobin was 8.29 g/dL. A median of 1.0 units (range, 250 to 300 mL) was transfused during ECMO support over a median duration of 9.0 days, equivalent to 0.11 U/d (range, 27.5 to 33.3 mL/d). The median activated partial thromboplastin time was 46.5 seconds. Bleeding occurred in 10 @entity1 (26.3%); severe @entity548 occurred in 2 @entity1 (5.3%). Twenty-eight @entity1 (73.7%) survived to hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a blood conservation protocol in adults receiving ECMO for @entity649 resulted in lower transfusion requirements and @entity548 complications than previously reported in the literature and was associated with comparable survival and organ recovery.

title: Blood Conservation in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Distress Syndrome']


abstract: @entity28 is linked with adverse outcomes for mothers and babies. To get an overview of risks related to @entity28 in pregnant @entity1 , a systematic review of reviews was conducted. For inclusion, reviews had to compare pregnant @entity1 of healthy weight with @entity1 with @entity28 , and measure a health outcome for mother and/or baby. Authors conducted full-text screening, quality assurance using the AMSTAR tool and data extraction steps in pairs. Narrative analysis of the 22 reviews included @entity6677 , @entity1468 , gestational @entity101 , @entity308 , instrumental and caesarean birth, and surgical site infection to be more likely to occur in pregnant @entity1 with @entity28 compared with @entity1 with a healthy weight. @entity28 is also linked to greater risk of @entity600 , large-for-gestational-age babies, @entity154 , @entity154 and @entity14716 . Furthermore, breastfeeding initiation rates are lower and there is greater risk of early breastfeeding cessation in @entity1 with @entity28 compared with healthy weight @entity1 . These adverse outcomes may result in longer duration of hospital stay, with concomitant resource implications. It is crucial to reduce the burden of adverse maternal and foetal/ @entity1 outcomes caused by maternal @entity28 . @entity1 with @entity28 need support to lose weight before they conceive, and to minimize their weight gain in pregnancy.

title: Risks associated with XXXX in pregnancy, for the mother and baby: a systematic review of reviews.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['foetal defects', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['show gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity14716 :: ('MESH:D066087', 'Disease') :: ['perinatal death']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trying to lose weight is a concern for many Americans, but motivation for @entity353 is not fully understood. Clinical assessment for @entity28 treatment is primarily based on measures of body size and physical comorbidities; however, these factors may not be enough to motivate individuals to lose weight. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) may have a role in an individual's decision to try to lose weight. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and association of HRQOL measures as independent moderators of @entity353 practices among overweight and @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Data were from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an annual state-based telephone survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of adults 20 years of age or older with BMI > or = 25.0 kg/m2 (n = 111,456) who responded to 4 standard HRQOL measures that assessed general health status, physical health, mental health, and activity limitation in the past 30 days. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2, the odds of trying to lose weight increased for the moderate vs best category of HRQOL but not for the poorest vs best category, and no associations were noted for @entity1 with BMI > or = 35 kg/m2. @entity1 with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2 had reduced odds and decreasing associated trends in the prevalence of trying to lose weight with poorer general health, increased physically unhealthy days, and increased activity limitation days. Conversely, @entity1 with 1-13 vs 0 mentally unhealthy days had greater odds of trying to lose weight. Among those trying to lose weight, reducing calories was common (52%-69%, @entity1 ; 56%-69%, @entity1 ). Among @entity1 , with the exception of recent mental health, poorer levels of HRQOL measures were associated with diminished attainment of recommended physical activity levels. Among @entity1 , poorer general health status was associated with diminished attainment of recommended physical activity levels. DISCUSSION: With the exception of recent mental health, HRQOL was differentially associated with trying to lose weight among @entity1 and @entity1 . Specifically, moderately poor HRQOL among @entity1 and better HRQOL among @entity1 were associated with trying to lose weight. Consideration of these influences on @entity353 may be useful in the treatment and support of @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Health-related quality of life and XXXX practices among overweight and @entity28 US adults, 2003 behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3518 Background: The 12-gene RS (Genomic Health, Inc.) has been shown to predict risk of recurrence in @entity5 ( @entity694 ) pts in QUASAR. We conducted a validation study in @entity5 specimens from pts enrolled in CALGB 9581, which found no difference for edrecolomab (MoAb 17-1A) v. observation in 1672 pts with, on average, low risk stage II @entity694 (14% 5-yr recurrence.) Methods: Cohort sampling included all pts with available tissue and recurrence and random pts w/o recurrence (3:1 ratio). Gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR using FFPE from @entity5 . Mismatch repair (MMR) protein status (D= Deficient; I= Intact) was assessed by IHC for @entity6756 and @entity4311 . Primary aim: prognostic value of continuous RS alone and in presence of MMR and traditional clinical/pathologic prognostic variables. A weighted Cox proportional hazards model was used to test the association between RS and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) based on a Wald-type test statistic constructed using a weighted partial likelihood estimate and robust variance estimate. RESULTS: Tumor was available for 1361/1672 (81%) pts. RT-PCR was successful in 690 (162 recurrences) of 736 pts (21% MMR-D, 35% > 70 yrs old, 47% < 12 nodes.) The continuous RS was significantly associated with @entity4557 in univariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR)/ 25 units, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.09-2.12; p=0.01). MMR-D was also associated with @entity4557 (HR, 0.62; 95%CI, 0.39-0.99; p=0.04); # nodes examined and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were borderline significant (both p=0.06). In a pre-specified multivariate analysis w/ MMR, T-stage, nodes examined, grade, and LVI, RS was the only significant predictor of recurrence (HR/25 units=1.68, 95%CI 1.18-2.38; p=0.004). Recurrence risk at 5 yrs increased as RS increased and among subgroups defined by T-stage and MMR. In pts with T3, MMR-I @entity5 (n=488) pre-specified low (44% of pts RS < 29), intermediate (33%), and high (22% w/ RS > 39) RS groups had average 5-yr recurrence risks of 13%, 16%, and 21%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In 9581, RS improves the ability to discriminate higher from lower recurrence risk stage II @entity694 pts beyond known prognostic factors, particularly in T3, MMR-I pts where traditional factors like grade and LVI were not prognostic.

title: Validation of a 12-gene XXXX recurrence score (RS) in patients (pts) with @entity5 ( @entity694 ) from CALGB 9581.

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['recurrence-free interval', 'RFI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II colon cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study we address clinimetric issues that pertain to the screening of responsiveness to intrathecal @entity1772 (ITB) in @entity3519 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 with severe @entity3519 , who did not respond to oral medication, were evaluated in a double-blind placebo controlled ascending dose screening procedure, which included a randomised sequence of injections of 25, 50 and 75 microg @entity1772 and placebo. Self-assessments of @entity3519 severity on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the @entity910 ( @entity910 ) were carried out at baseline 1, 4 and 8 hours after a bolus injection. RESULTS: Compared to the VAS, the @entity910 lacked responsiveness in all @entity1 . Baseline scores of the VAS scores varied considerably between and within @entity1 and underscore the need to express response scores in relation to the baseline. After placebo administration some @entity1 showed a persistent improvement of about 30% across the day, while at some assessments improvements of >50% were noted. Based on the aforementioned findings, a responsiveness coefficient was used which relates the @entity1772 effect size to the non-specific score changes that may occur as a placebo effect or as random fluctuations in @entity3519 . Four @entity1 with a responsiveness coefficient >2 received pump implantation and did well on continuous infusion of ITB. Several side effects occurred during the screening procedure, but none interfered with the execution of the screening procedure. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates important clinimetric issues that need to be taken into account when screening for responsiveness to ITB.

title: Clinimetric issues of screening for responsiveness to intrathecal XXXX in @entity3519 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['DRS', 'Dyskinesia Rating Scale']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['baclofen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity111 is a common disabling problem in @entity1 with advanced @entity454 . Few studies have evaluated the clinical characteristics of uremic itch. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this multicenter study was to provide a comprehensive description of the prevalence and clinical characteristics of @entity111 affecting @entity1 with @entity454 who are undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: A detailed questionnaire recently developed was used to evaluate @entity111 in 219 @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis treatment in 3 dialysis units. We examined the relationship of the quality of dialysis and various factors and medical parameters to itch. RESULTS: @entity111 was a common symptom in the study population. Approximately 66% of the @entity1 had @entity111 at some point, and 48% were affected by it at the time of the study. There was no correlation between the occurrence of @entity111 and demographic or medical parameters (type of @entity8 , medical management, dialysis efficacy as expressed by Kt/V) of the @entity1 . The data suggest that @entity1381 tends to be prolonged, frequent, and intense, and it can impair the @entity1 's quality of life including a negative effect on sleep and mood. Major factors found to exacerbate @entity111 include rest, heat, dry skin, and sweat. Major factors found to reduce @entity111 include activity, sleep, hot and cold shower, and cold. Treatment with angiotensin inhibitors seemed to be more common among those with @entity5507 who had itch (P =.02) whereas @entity1483 was more commonly used among those who never itched (P =.002). CONCLUSION: This study provides a detailed description of @entity1381 with new data on its characteristics including affective and sensory dimensions and associated symptoms.

title: Prevalence and characterization of @entity1381 in @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis: XXXX is still a major problem for @entity1 with @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic pruritus']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['uremic pruritus']


abstract: Our purpose was to measure the change in quality of life (QoL) following deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna (GPi-DBS) in advanced @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and identifies any associations with changes in motor features of the disease. Eleven @entity1 (age range 54-69 years, 2 @entity1 ) underwent GPi-DBS (4 unilateral, 7 bilateral). Outcome measures included assessment of @entity191 -specific QoL (mean 8 months postsurgery) using the PDQ-39 questionnaire, and standard motor assessments. Off-period UPDRS III motor scores fell by (43 +/- 8)% (mean +/- SEM). @entity910 severity was reduced on the @entity910 scale by (80 +/- 3)% and UPDRS IVa by (58 +/- 8)%. QoL as assessed by the PDQ39SI improved by (30 +/- 5)%, with significant improvements in mobility, activities of daily living, bodily discomfort, emotional wellbeing, communication, and cognitions subscales. Bilateral and unilateral groups demonstrated equivalent PDQ39SI improvement. QoL improvement was highly correlated with @entity910 reduction but not reduction in UPDRS score or age at surgery. GPi-DBS markedly improves QoL in advanced @entity191 . The impacts are broad and improve QoL domains not directly affected by the motor symptoms of the disease. Reduced @entity910 plays a major role in the improvement of QoL in GPi-DBS treated @entity1 .

title: Globus pallidus stimulation improves both motor and nonmotor aspects of quality of life in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal involuntary movement', 'dyskinesia', 'Dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson 's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeres. It is detected in more than 85% of samples obtained from @entity5 tissues, including @entity5 . The authors determined telomerase activity semiquantatively and in-cell telomerase activity in exfoliated urothelial cells obtained from @entity5 specimens. The goal of this study was to provide additional information regarding a noninvasive approach to the detection of @entity5 . METHODS: The authors used voided urine from 23 @entity1 with @entity5 , 2 @entity1 with nonmalignant @entity5450 , and 10 normal individuals. Semiquantative determination of telomerase activity was performed using a fluorescence-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP), and telomerase activity at the cellular level was determined by an in situ TRAP assay. RESULTS: The fluorescence-based TRAP assay detected urinary telomerase activity in samples from 10 of 13 @entity1 with @entity5 before treatment, whereas urinary cells obtained from 3 of 10 @entity1 (including 1 @entity1 with relapse) during or after treatment had detectable telomerase activity. In contrast, the in situ TRAP assay detected telomerase positive cells in samples from 11 of 13 @entity1 before treatment and 6 of 10 @entity1 during or after treatment. Of note was a dissociation of the results of the fluorescence-based TRAP assay and those of the in situ TRAP assay for some @entity1 . Some @entity1 for whom telomerase activity was not detected with the fluorescence-based TRAP assay had a low frequency of telomerase positive cells in their urine. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of semiquantative analysis and an in situ TRAP assay to detect telomerase positive cells might be a useful tool in the identification and monitoring of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: A combination of semiquantitative telomerase assay and in-cell telomerase activity measurement using exfoliated urothelial cells for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'urothelial neoplasia', 'urologic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urologic disorders']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial neoplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins are environmental contaminants commonly produced as a by-product of industrial processes. The most potent of these, @entity8710 (TCDD), is highly lipophilic, leading to bioaccumulation. @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) is a major site for energy storage, and is one of the organs in which TCDD accumulates. In laboratory animals, exposure to TCDD causes numerous @entity209 , including a @entity5653 . We therefore investigated the molecular effects of TCDD exposure on @entity1386 by profiling the transcriptomic response of @entity1386 to 100 g/kg of TCDD at 1 or 4days in TCDD-sensitive Long-Evans (Turku/AB; L-E) @entity35 . A comparative analysis was conducted simultaneously in identically treated TCDD-resistant Han/ @entity35 (Kuopio; H/ @entity35 one day after exposure to the same dose. We sought to identify transcriptomic changes coinciding with the onset of @entity137 , while gaining additional insight into later responses. More transcriptional responses to TCDD were observed at 4days than at 1day post-exposure, suggesting @entity1386 shows mostly secondary responses. Two classic @entity265 -regulated genes, @entity7772 and @entity16416 , were significantly induced by TCDD in both strains, while several genes involved in the immune response, including @entity67872 and F13a1 were altered in L-E @entity35 alone. We compared genes affected by TCDD in @entity35 @entity1386 and @entity1 adipose cells, and observed little overlap. Interestingly, very few genes involved in lipid metabolism exhibited altered expression levels despite the pronounced lipid mobilization from peripheral fat pads by TCDD in L-E @entity35 . Of these genes, the lipolysis-associated @entity67873 was induced slightly over 2-fold in L-E @entity35 @entity1386 on day 4.

title: Transcriptional profiling of @entity35 white adipose tissue response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8710 :: ('CHEBI:28119', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-  -dioxin']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['White adipose tissue', 'WAT']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['wasting syndrome']

answer: @entity8710 :: (CHEBI:28119,Chemical) :: ['2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-  -dioxin']


abstract: Large (ca. 120 nm) and small (ca. 35 nm) emulsions consisting of @entity18050 (TO) and @entity2434 (PC) were prepared as the primary protein-free models of chylomicrons and their remnants, respectively. @entity5523 ( @entity5523 )-mediated lipolysis of emulsion TO was retarded in chylomicron-free @entity1 plasma compared with the hydrolysis activated by isolated apolipoprotein C-II ( @entity8623 ). In 30% plasma, free @entity844 (FFA) release rate was higher for large emulsions than for small ones, while both emulsions were hydrolyzed at similar rates in the presence of isolated @entity8623 . Isolated @entity12436 ( @entity12436 ) or @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) worked as @entity5523 -inhibitor of the lipolysis activated by @entity8623 . It was also observed that @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ) showed distinct inhibitory effects on the lipolysis of large and small emulsions: more effective inhibition for small emulsions. Kinetic analyses showed that K(m)(app) and V(max)(app) for the lipolysis of emulsions were lower in the presence of 30% plasma than isolated @entity8623 . @entity1675 also markedly decreased K(m)(app) and V(max)(app) for @entity5523 -catalyzed hydrolysis of both emulsions. In chylomicron-free serum, the density of bound @entity1675 at small emulsion surfaces was about three fold greater than large emulsion surfaces, but the binding densities of @entity8623 , @entity12436 and @entity2204 were less for small emulsion surfaces than for large ones, suggesting that @entity1675 preferentially binds to small particles and displaces other exchangeable apolipoproteins from particle surfaces. These results indicate that, in addition to the well known inhibitory effects of @entity12436 and @entity2204 , @entity1675 in plasma regulates the lipolysis of @entity412 (TG)-rich emulsions and lipoproteins in a size-dependent manner.

title: Effects of plasma apolipoproteins on XXXX -mediated lipolysis of small and large lipid emulsions.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apoE', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['ApoA-I', 'apoA-I', 'apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity5523 :: ('4023', 'Gene') :: ['LPL', 'Lipoprotein lipase']

entities_list: @entity12436 :: ('345', 'Gene') :: ['apoC-III', 'apolipoprotein C-III']

answer: @entity5523 :: (4023,Gene) :: ['lipoprotein lipase']


abstract: AIMS: Ventilatory disturbance is a fatal side-effect of opioid analgesics. Separation of @entity1337 from @entity308 is important for therapeutic use of opioids. It has been suggested that opioid-induced @entity308 results from a decrease in @entity268 content in the respiratory-related neurons. Therefore, we examined the effects of @entity5834 , a @entity749 non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with @entity859 antagonistic activity, and @entity7428 , a racetam selective PDE4 inhibitor, on @entity308 induced by @entity1286 . MAIN METHODS: Spontaneous ventilation and paw withdrawal responses to nociceptive thermal stimulation were measured in anesthetized @entity35 simultaneously. The efferent discharge of the phrenic nerve was recorded in anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated @entity35 . KEY FINDINGS: Rolipram (0.1 and 0.3mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity5834 (3.0 and 10.0mg/kg, i.v.) relieved @entity1286 (1.0mg/kg, i.v.)-induced @entity308 but had no discernible effect on its analgesic action. @entity7428 (0.3 and 1.0mg/kg, i.v.) and @entity5834 (10.0 and 20.0mg/kg, i.v.) recovered @entity1286 (3.0mg/kg, i.v.)-induced prolongation and flattening of inspiratory discharge in the phrenic nerve. SIGNIFICANCE: Inhibition of PDE4 may be a possible approach for overcoming @entity1286 -induced @entity308 without loss of @entity1337 .

title: Blockade of phosphodiesterase 4 reverses @entity1286 -induced ventilatory disturbance without loss of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory depression']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['Rolipram', 'rolipram']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity749 :: ('MESH:C008514', 'Chemical') :: ['methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate criteria to differentiate @entity3580 ( @entity3580 ), @entity2967 ( @entity2967 ) and giant sacral @entity808 (GSS) with CT and MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT and MR images of 22 SCs, 19 SGCTs and 8 GSSs were reviewed. The clinical and imaging features of each @entity5 were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean ages of @entity3580 , @entity2967 and GSS were 55.1    10.7, 34.3    10.7 and 42.4    15.7 years old. SCs (77.3%) were predominantly located in the midline of lower sacrum, while most SGCTs (73.7%) and GSSs (87.5%) were eccentrically located in upper sacrum. There were significant differences in age, location, eccentricity, morphology of bone residues, intratumoral @entity548 and septations. Multiple small cysts were mainly observed in SGCTs (73.7%) with large central cysts in GSSs (87.5%). SGCTs expanded mainly inside sacrum while SCs and GSSs often extended into pelvic cavity (P = 0.0022). Involvement of sacroiliac joints and muscles were also different. Ascending extension within sacral canal was only displayed in SCs. The preservation of intervertebral discs showed difference between large and small @entity5 (P = 0.0002), regardless of @entity5 type (P = 0.095). No significant difference was displayed in gender (P = 0.234) or @entity5 size (P = 0.0832) among three groups. CONCLUSION: Age, epicenter of the lesion (midline vs. eccentric and upper vs. lower sacral vertebra), bone residues, cysts, @entity548 , septation, expanding pattern, muscles and sacroiliac joint involvement can be criteria for diagnosis. Fluid-fluid level is specific for SGCTs and ascending extension within the sacral canal for SCs. The preservation of intervertebral discs is related to @entity5 size rather than @entity5 type.

title: Differentiation of primary @entity3580 , @entity2967 and XXXX of the sacrum by CT and MRI.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['sacral giant cell tumor', 'SGCT']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['sacral chordoma', 'SC']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if long-term treatment with @entity3372 is cost-effective in @entity1 at high risk of cardiovascular events. DESIGN: Randomized double-blind and placebo controlled. Information was gathered prospectively for a number of direct medical, direct nonmedical and indirect costs. SETTING AND SUBJECT: This is a sub-study to the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study performed in Swedish @entity1 . All Swedish centres (19; n= 554) were invited to take part and 18 centres agreed to do so (n=537). The @entity1 were managed in a specialist setting with a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years. Main outcome measures. The number of life-years saved was derived from the global HOPE study (n=9297) and subsequently the estimated life expectancy of those who completed the clinical study alive was added to the calculation. Direct medical costs related to @entity65 only were considered in the primary analysis, whilst all kinds of costs and costs for all kinds of diseases were included in subsequent analyses. The cost of added years of life, according to the future cost method, was included in sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: The cost per life-year gained was SEK 16 600 ( @entity7634 1940) when direct medical costs for cardiovascular reasons only were considered and SEK 45 400 ( @entity7634 5300) when direct medical costs for all diseases were considered. The corresponding costs when direct nonmedical and indirect cost were added to the estimate were SEK 16 100 ( @entity7634 1880) and SEK 54 600 ( @entity7634 6380), respectively. When the future cost method was applied, the cost per life-year gained was SEK 208 300 ( @entity7634 24 300). CONCLUSION: @entity3372 is highly cost-effective in the treatment of @entity1 at high risk of cardiovascular events.

title: The cost-effectiveness of XXXX in the treatment of @entity1 at high risk of cardiovascular events: a Swedish sub-study to the HOPE study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril', 'Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3372 :: (MESH:D017257,Chemical) :: ['ramipril']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical profile and genetic basis of @entity1789 in Chinese @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Seven regional public hospitals, Hong Kong. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical and follow-up data of 50 @entity1 (47 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ; mean age, 53 years) were collected, and genetic data of 36 probands and eight family members of three genotyped probands were analysed. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 survived @entity1164 (group A), 12 had @entity1163 of unknown origin but no @entity944 (group B), and 30 were asymptomatic before recognition of @entity1789 (group C). Programmed electrical stimulation induced sustained @entity943 in 88% (7/8), 82% (9/11), and 27% (3/11) of @entity1 in group A, group B, and group C, respectively. New arrhythmic events occurred in 50% (4/8) of @entity1 in group A and 17% (2/12) of @entity1 in group B after a mean follow-up period of 30 (standard deviation, 13) months and 25 (7) months, respectively. All group C @entity1 remained asymptomatic during a mean follow-up period of 25 (standard deviation, 11) months. Five of 36 probands and three of eight family members who underwent genetic testing were found to have a mutation in their @entity1788 gene. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese @entity1 with @entity1789 who are symptomatic have a high likelihood of @entity943 recurrence, whereas asymptomatic @entity1 enjoy a good short-term prognosis. The prevalence of @entity1788 mutation among probands is 14%. Thus, Chinese @entity1 with @entity1789 share with their western counterparts similar clinical and genetic heterogeneity.

title: Clinical profile and genetic basis of XXXX in the Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1789 :: (MESH:D053840,Disease) :: ['Brugada syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2449 is the first choice drug in @entity2175 . This drug has a @entity8 and its use requires caution in a setting of glomerular filtration rate reduction; an accumulation can be associated with a @entity8193 , complication burden with a high rate mortality. METHODS: In a user base of 390.000 @entity1 we reviewed all the cases of @entity2449 -associated @entity8193 treated at the First @entity3224 in a 15 months period; we considered the @entity1 characteristics, their risk factors and the outcome. RESULTS: We observed 11 cases (incidence 60/year/100.000 @entity1 ). 10 had an @entity810 due to @entity2700 . None had absolute contraindications to @entity2449 , but most of the @entity1 had at least one risk factor for @entity810 . 10 @entity1 had been treated with hemodialysis. The total mortality rate was 36%. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience we found a higher incidence compared to literature, probably because of the widespread use of this drug in more and more fragile @entity1 . We confirm the need of a strict adherence to prescription with a specific attention, not only to renal function, but also to the concomitant presence of risk factors (age over 80, use of Ace-inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics). We draw the attention to the importance of acute clinical events and we reaffirm the need of an adequate education of the @entity1 and his relatives for a better management of the acute event.

title: [ XXXX -associated @entity8193 ].

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal excretion']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['Metformin']


abstract: Two innovations have improved the care of the major @entity130 victim in the past 20 years. Both depend on active radiologist participation. The first has been the progressive nationwide development of the Emergency Medical Service System, which identifies @entity130 centers by a process of categorization, regionalization, and verification. The hospital must be staffed and equipped to perform computed tomography, angiography, and sonography. @entity130 centers effectively reduce morbidity and mortality of the accident @entity1 . The second innovation has been the intensive use of computed tomography (CT) for immediate @entity1 evaluation. CT surpasses other imaging methods in examination for @entity542 . In @entity542 , the precise diagnosis afforded by CT reduces the fatality rate by permitting early surgical intervention. In @entity1661 , CT examination supports nonoperative management of hemodynamically stable @entity1 with solid organ injury. In spinal, pelvic, and @entity8494 , CT provides diagnostic information not available with conventional radiography.

title: Caring for the major XXXX victim: the role for radiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['craniocerebral, abdominal, spinal, pelvic, and facial trauma', 'craniocerebral trauma']

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The deregulation of Wnt signaling is observed in various @entity5 , including @entity11 , and might be related to the methylation of the genes encoding antagonists of this signaling pathway. The aim of the study was to assess the methylation status of the promoter regions of six Wnt negative regulators and to determine their prognostic value in clinical samples of @entity11 of different grades. The methylation of @entity12393 , @entity12317 , @entity26563 , @entity5741 , @entity13050 , and @entity26533 was analyzed in 64 @entity11 samples using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The results were analyzed in correlation with clinicopathological data. Promoter methylation in at least one of the analyzed genes was found in 81.3  % of the @entity5 . All @entity5 [grade I according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification] lacked the methylation of the studied genes, whereas grade II, III, and IV @entity5 were, in most cases, methylation-positive. The methylation index correlated with the @entity1 's age. The most frequently methylated genes were @entity12393 and @entity12317 (73.4  % and 46.9  %, respectively), followed by @entity13050 (20.3  %) and @entity26563 (10.9  %); @entity5741 and @entity26533 were basically unmethylated (1.6  %). @entity12393 methylation negatively correlated with @entity1 ' survival time, and was significantly more frequent in older @entity1 and those with higher grade @entity5 . Overall, the results of this study indicate that aberrant promoter methylation of Wnt pathway antagonists is common in @entity11 , which may be the possible cause of up-regulation of this signaling pathway often observed in these @entity5 . Moreover, @entity12393 promoter methylation can be regarded as a potential indicator of @entity11 @entity1 ' survival.

title: Wnt pathway antagonists, @entity12393 , XXXX , @entity13050 , and @entity26563 , are methylated in @entity11 and @entity12393 methylation predicts shorter survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity12317 :: (6423,Gene) :: ['SFRP2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In acute @entity385 , thrombolytic treatment with recombinant @entity1456 (rtPA) is limited by a concomitant activation of the coagulatory system, leading to incomplete or delayed reperfusion, microcirculatory disturbances, or even repeated @entity432 . Our pilot study sought to assess the therapeutic potential of a new treatment strategy combining rtPA at reduced dosages with a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa ( @entity1427 /IIIa) inhibitory agent in @entity2500 . METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 suffering from @entity2500 (Thrombolysis in @entity583 [TIMI] flow grade 0 to 1) underwent combined intravenous thrombolytic treatment using rtPA at reduced dosages and the @entity1427 /IIIa antagonist tirofiban. @entity64 MRI (diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging) and MR angiography were performed at baseline and between days 1 and 2 after treatment. Clinical scores (National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale and modified Rankin Scale) were assessed at baseline and after 1 week. RESULTS: Middle cerebral artery recanalization (TIMI flow grade 2 and 3) occurred in 13 of 19 @entity1 (68%). The @entity63 lesion on follow-up MRI was significantly smaller in @entity1 with recanalization compared with those without recanalization (P=0.001). Only @entity1 with recanalization improved neurologically (P<0.001). Because no symptomatic @entity548 was observed, the power of our study to detect a symptomatic @entity548 rate of > or =8% was at least 80%. CONCLUSIONS: Combined thrombolysis with a @entity1427 /IIIa antagonist and rtPA at reduced dosages is promising but cannot be recommended for general use before prospective randomized clinical trials are completed.

title: Systemic thrombolysis with recombinant XXXX and tirofiban in @entity2500 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['acute middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vessel occlusions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the tissue adhesive @entity21079 (Dermabond) with adhesive strips, Steristrips in paediatric laceration repair. METHOD: @entity1 with suitable lacerations were randomly allocated for wound closure with either a tissue adhesive or adhesive strips. Thirty @entity1 were treated in each group. Linear Visual Analogue Scores were used to judge parents' and nurses' opinions of the application of each treatment. A similar scoring system was used to judge the cosmetic outcome as viewed by parents and a plastic surgeon. Complications and trial failures were noted. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 44 of the @entity1 . Parents viewed the treatments as equally acceptable. In contrast those performing the procedure judged the tissue adhesive more difficult to apply. Scores of cosmetic outcome by both parents and the plastic surgeon showed no significant difference in the treatment method used. There were four @entity1 in the tissue adhesive group and one from the adhesive strip group in whom the wounds were unable to be closed. CONCLUSION: Both tissue adhesives and adhesive strips are excellent "no needle" alternatives for the closure of suitable paediatric lacerations. This study suggests that the techniques are similar in efficacy, parental acceptability, and cosmetic outcome. The choice as to which is used may come down to economics and operator preference.

title: A randomised, controlled trial comparing a tissue adhesive ( XXXX ) with adhesive strips (Steristrips) for paediatric laceration repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity21079 :: ('MESH:C100832', 'Chemical') :: ['2-octylcyanoacrylate']

answer: @entity21079 :: (MESH:C100832,Chemical) :: ['2-octylcyanoacrylate']


abstract: @entity4128 ( @entity68031 ) is characterised by progressive fibro-fatty replacement of right ventricular myocardium. Earlier studies described @entity68031 as non-inflammatory, non-coronary disorder associated with @entity943 , @entity712 and @entity944 due to functional exclusion of the right ventricle. Molecular genetic studies have identified nine different loci associated with @entity68031 ; accordingly each locus is implicated for each type of @entity68031 ( @entity68031 ). So far five genes have been identified as containing pathogenic mutations for @entity68031 . Though mutations in each of the gene/s indicate disruption of different pathways leading to the condition, the exact pathogenesis of the condition is still obscure. This review tries to understand the pathogenesis of the condition by examining the individual proteins implicated and relate them to the pathways that could play a role in the aetiology of the condition. Cardiac @entity8452 receptor ( @entity23963 ), which regulates intra-cellular @entity141 concentration by releasing @entity141 reserves from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), was the first gene for @entity68031 . The mutation in this gene is believed to disrupt coupled gating of @entity23963 , causing after-depolarisation, leading to @entity943 followed by structural changes due to altered intra-cellular @entity141 levels. Three other genes implicated for @entity68031 , plakoglobin ( @entity35969 ), desmoplakin (ARVC8) and plakophilin (ARVC9) have prompted the speculation that @entity68031 is primarily a disease of desmosomes. But identification of @entity1934 for ARVC1 and the role of all these three genes (plakoglobin, desmoplakin and plakophilin) in cardiac morphogenesis indicate some kind of signal-transducing pathway disruption in the condition. The finding that @entity68031 as a milder form of @entity19620 indicates similar ontogeny for the condition. Further, discovery of apoptotic cells in the autopsy of the right ventricular myocardium of @entity68031 @entity1 does indicate a common pathway for different types of ARVCs, which is more specific for the right ventricular myocardium involving @entity1131 , growth factors and @entity141 receptors.

title: Etiopathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['desmosomal plaque proteins']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity35969 :: ('MESH:C538346', 'Disease') :: ['Naxos disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity19620 :: ('MESH:C536932', 'Disease') :: ["Uhl's anomaly"]

answer: @entity4128 :: (MESH:D019571,Disease) :: ['arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate salivary gland function after inversely planned stereotactic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity5 of the head-and-neck region using quantitative pertechnetate scintigraphy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Since January 2000, 18 @entity1 undergoing IMRT for @entity135 and neck underwent pre- and posttherapeutic scintigraphy to examine salivary gland function. The mean dose to the primary planning target volume was 61.5 Gy (range 50.4-73.2), and the median follow-up was 23 months. In all cases, the parotid glands were directly adjacent to the planning target volume. The treatment planning goal was for at least one parotid gland to receive a mean dose of <26 Gy. Two quantitative parameters (change in maximal uptake and change in the relative excretion rate before and after IMRT) characterizing the change in salivary gland function after radiotherapy were determined. These parameters were compared with respect to the dose thresholds of 26 and 30 Gy for the mean dose. In addition, dose-response curves were calculated. RESULTS: Using IMRT, it was possible in 16 @entity1 to reduce the dose for at least one parotid gland to < or =26 Gy. In 7 @entity1 , protection of both parotid glands was possible. No recurrent disease adjacent to the protected parotid glands was observed. Using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for the Research and Treatment of @entity5 scoring system, only 3 @entity1 had Grade 2 @entity2133 . No greater @entity137 was seen for the salivary glands. The change in the relative excretion rate was significantly greater, if the parotid glands received a mean dose of > or =26 Gy or > or =30 Gy. For the change in maximal uptake, a statistically significant difference was seen only for the parotid glands and a dose threshold of 30 Gy. For the end point of a reduction in the parotid excretion rate of >50% and 75%, the dose-response curves yielded a dose at 50% complication probability of 34.8 +/- 3.6 and 40.8 +/- 5.3 Gy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Using IMRT, it is possible to protect the parotid glands and reduce the incidence and severity of @entity2133 in @entity1 . Doses <26-30 Gy significantly preserve salivary gland function. The results support the hypothesis that application of IMRT does not lead to increased local failure rates.

title: Evaluation of salivary gland function after treatment of XXXX with intensity-modulated radiotherapy by quantitative pertechnetate scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the head']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is one of the most lethal @entity5 , with less than 5% of @entity1 surviving 5 years beyond diagnosis. Systemic therapies, particularly @entity136 , have a modest clinical benefit, but chemoresistance limits their efficacy. Here, we demonstrate that plasma @entity51751 levels positively correlated with @entity51751 levels in @entity5 tissues of @entity1 with @entity1124 and are a good prognostic indicator of overall survival. Overexpression of @entity51751 inhibited @entity5 cell proliferation and increased the chemosensitivity to @entity136 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, @entity51751 targets @entity41900 directly in @entity1124 . @entity41900 expression was a prognostic indicator related to poor survival in @entity788 @entity1 . Plasma @entity51751 levels were significantly lower in @entity788 @entity1 with high @entity41900 protein expression than in healthy controls. Furthermore, overexpression of @entity51751 in @entity788 cell lines suppressed @entity41900 expression, leading to downregulation of the @entity584 / @entity9459 / @entity3546 pathway. Overall, these results indicate that @entity51751 functions as a @entity5 suppressor that downregulates @entity41900 kinase expression to inhibit both @entity788 growth and @entity136 resistance via the @entity584 / @entity3546 pathway. Hence, detection of plasma @entity51751 may be a simple and convenient method of predicting therapeutic responses.

title: MicroRNA-33a-mediated downregulation of @entity41900 kinase expression renders XXXX @entity788 cells sensitivity to @entity136 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if physical examination (PE) of the posterior pelvis in awake and alert @entity130 @entity1 with known pelvic @entity130 can accurately predict a potentially unstable posterior ring injury and guide the use of computed tomography (CT) more effectively. DESIGN: @entity1 with @entity174 noted on anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs were prospectively evaluated over a 21-month period. AP, inlet, and outlet radiographs as well as CT scans were obtained on all @entity1 . SETTING: Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : @entity1 were excluded who had a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score less than or equal to 12, were unable to cooperate with a PE, were 12 years old or younger, or had concomitant acetabular fracture. INTERVENTION: A focused PE protocol with emphasis on the posterior pelvis, including posterior palpation of the sacrum and sacroiliac joint, AP and lateral iliac wing compression, active hip range of motion, and a digital rectal examination. If an individual PE parameter resulted in tenderness, it was considered positive. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The 4 PE modalities were compared with CT scan results using sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, likelihood ratio, and McNemar's test for discordant pairs. RESULTS: The study group included 66 @entity1 . Of @entity1 , 49 (74%) had posterior pelvic injury diagnosed by CT scan. Of the @entity1 with positive posterior CT scan findings, 48 (98%) had @entity158 with posterior palpation. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.98 and 0.94, and the likelihood ratio was 16.3. CONCLUSIONS: PE, specifically palpation of the posterior pelvis, in @entity1 with @entity174 can accurately detect injuries of the posterior ring.

title: Clinical effectiveness of the physical examination in diagnosis of posterior pelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture', 'pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'ring injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ring injuries']


abstract: The trp repressor of @entity526 binds to the operators of three operons concerned with @entity2340 biosynthesis and regulates their expression. trp superrepressors can repress expression of the trp operon in vivo at lower @entity2340 concentrations than those required by the wild-type repressor. The five known superrepressors have been purified and characterized using a modified filter binding assay. In four of the five superrepressors, EK13, EK18, DN46 and @entity67910 , negatively charged wild-type residues located on the surface of the repressor that faces the operator are replaced by positively charged or neutral residues. Each of these proteins has higher affinity for the trp operator than wild-type repressor. Decreased rates of dissociation of the repressor-operator complex were found to be responsible for the higher affinities. The fifth superrepressor, AV77, has an @entity535 substitution in the turn of the helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. This superrepressor was indistinguishable from wild-type repressor in our filter binding assay. We conclude that rapid dissociation of repressor from operator is important for trp repressor function in vivo. The negatively charged wild-type residues that are replaced in superrepressors are probably responsible for the characteristic rapid dissociation of the trp repressor from the trp operator.

title: Enhanced operator binding by trp superrepressors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest a complex association between smoking and @entity989 that probably depends on the interaction between many variables. We have reported an association between @entity29388 phenotype and @entity989 in @entity164 1 @entity6 . Additionally, the deleterious effects of smoking on intrauterine growth are dependent on @entity29388 , a low-molecular-weight @entity669 phosphatase that modifies signal transduction. We examine here the interaction between smoking and @entity29388 as a mediator of susceptibility to @entity6 in a sample of puerperae with @entity164 1 @entity6 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 who had just delivered live @entity1 were studied. @entity29388 phenotype was determined by starch gel electrophoresis. Three-way contingency tables were analyzed. RESULTS: There is a significant epistatic interaction between smoking and @entity29388 phenotype concerning their effects on @entity989 . In subjects with low @entity29388 activity, frequency of @entity989 was slightly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. However, in subjects with medium-high @entity29388 activity, frequency of @entity989 was significantly lower in smokers than in nonsmokers. A logistic regression analysis using @entity989 as the dependent variable revealed that smoking, @entity29388 , and @entity29388 by smoking interaction, as well as the interaction between smoking and age of the @entity1 , are the most robust predictors of @entity989 . CONCLUSIONS: The effect of smoking on @entity989 in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 depends on many variables, which supports the hypothesis of complex interactions between smoking and other variables in the pathogenesis of this disease. Variability of genetic factors involved in signal transduction may affect endothelium proliferation through the regulation of growth factors and through regulation of glycemic levels. Because cigarette smoke influences signal transduction, its impact on @entity6 may be mediated by @entity29388 .

title: Smoking and the genetics of signal transduction: an association study on XXXX in @entity164 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The annual relapse rate has been commonly used as a primary efficacy endpoint in phase III @entity15 ( @entity15 ) clinical trials. The aim of this study was to determine the relative contribution of different possible prognostic factors available at baseline to the on-study relapse rate in @entity15 . METHODS: A total of 821 @entity1 from the placebo arms of the Sylvia Lawry Centre for @entity15 Research (SLCMSR) database were available for this analysis. The univariate relationships between on-study relapse rate and the baseline demographic, clinical, and MRI-based predictors were assessed. The multiple relationships were then examined using a Poisson regression model. Two predictor subsets were selected. Subset 1 included age at disease onset, disease duration, sex, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at baseline, number of relapses in the last 24 months prior to baseline, and the disease course ( @entity3780 [ @entity3780 ] and secondary progressive [SP]). Subset 2 consisted of Subset 1 plus @entity2287 enhancement status in MRI. The number of @entity1 for developing the models with no missing values was 727 for Subset 1 and 306 for Subset 2. RESULTS: The univariate relationships show that the on-study relapse rate was higher for younger and for female @entity1 , for @entity3780 @entity1 than for SP @entity1 , and for @entity1 with positive enhancement status at entry (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). A higher on-study relapse rate was associated with a @entity66 duration, lower entry EDSS, more pre-study relapses, and more enhancing lesions in T1 at entry. The fitted Poisson model shows that disease duration (estimate = -0.02) and previous relapse number (estimate = 0.59 for one, 0.91 for two, and 1.45 for three or more relapses vs no relapses) remain. The authors were able to confirm these findings in a second, independent dataset. CONCLUSIONS: The relapse number prior to entry into clinical trials together with disease duration are the best predictors for the on-study relapse rate. Disease course did not contribute independently because its effect is covered by the pre-study relapse rate. @entity2287 enhancement status, given the other covariates, has no significant influence on the on-study relapse rate.

title: Predictors of relapse rate in XXXX clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['RR', 'relapsing remitting']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: PURPOSE: The surgical correction of @entity4145 ( @entity4145 ) is indicated to prevent progression to @entity740 . Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become increasingly popular as an approach to @entity4145 correction. We compared the perioperative outcomes between minimally invasive ( @entity11542 ) and open pyeloplasty (OP) in the adult population. METHODS: The current study was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. @entity1 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes for pyeloplasty between 2005 and 2012, and were stratified according to either MIS or open approach. @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity703 were excluded. Following exclusions, 593 @entity1 remained for analysis. Primary outcomes of interest were overall perioperative complications, need for transfusions, re-intervention rate, prolonged operation time (pOT), prolonged length of stay (pLOS), readmission and mortality within 30  days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between preoperative outcomes and surgical approach. RESULTS: In this study, 423 (71.3  %) @entity1 underwent @entity11542 and 170 (28.7  %) underwent OP. @entity1 who underwent @entity11542 had a decreased risk of wound [Odds ratio (OR) 0.06, p  <  0.009] and overall complications (OR 0.21, p  <  0.001), transfusions (OR 0.04, p  =  0.004) and pLOS [pLOS (OR 0.08, p  <  0.001)]. Conversely, @entity11542 was associated with an increased likelihood of pOT (OR 2.26, p  =  0.002). CONCLUSION: Adults with @entity4145 undergoing @entity11542 have a lower risk of overall complications, transfusions and pLOS compared to OP. Further studies are needed to determine whether these benefits offset the increase in expenditures, related to longer operative time and costs of disposables.

title: Comparison of 30-day perioperative outcomes in adults undergoing open versus minimally invasive pyeloplasty for @entity4145 : analysis of 593 XXXX in a prospective national database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction', 'UPJO']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm of the kidney']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2909 shows various diagnostic images, often making it difficult to differentiate from @entity1822 . Recently, the utility of elastography has been reported for the differentiation of superficial @entity5 . We attempted to diagnose two cases of uterine smooth @entity11090 by elastography. One case was strongly suspected of @entity1822 , and the other case had been diagnosed with @entity2909 . We preoperatively performed virtual tissue imaging (VTI) and @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ). In @entity3145 , we measured shear wave velocity (Vs) five times at each point that ROI was placed. In case of suspected @entity1822 , we attached the tip of convex probe 2  cm below the navel, perpendicular to the floor and measured Vs. In case of @entity2909 , we placed four ROIs randomly in @entity2909 for @entity3145 . For the case of suspected @entity1822 , Vs and pathological findings from the @entity3145 were comparably examined. Significant differences were observed in the Vs in the @entity1822 case, whereas not in the @entity2909 case. The comparison of @entity3145 and pathological findings for the case of @entity1822 indicated high viability in the region where the highest Vs was measured, and strong @entity39 in the region with the lowest Vs. These findings suggest that @entity3145 is useful for diagnosing uterine smooth @entity11090 .

title: The measurement of stiffness of uterine smooth XXXX by elastography.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['VTQ', 'virtual tissue quantification']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumors']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'Leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity11090 :: (MESH:D019042,Disease) :: ['muscle tumor']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity419 ( F-FDG) imaging of recurrent or inoperable @entity2 using a hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) device of the third generation. Examinations were compared with the results of conventional staging. Thirty-six @entity1 suffering from recurrent or primarily inoperable @entity2 (29 @entity1 , seven @entity1 ; age 64.8+/-12.0 years) were examined using hybrid PET (Marconi Axis gamma-PET ) 60 min after injection of 370 MBq F-FDG. The data obtained were reconstructed iteratively. All @entity1 received a computed tomography (CT) scan using either the spiral or multislice technique. All lesions suspicious for primary or recurrent @entity5 were verified by biopsy; mediastinal lymph nodes were considered as malignant, when positive histology or a small axis diameter of greater than 1 cm measured with CT in addition to progression of clinical course was found. Distant @entity3 were diagnosed by CT and bone scintigraphy. Using hybrid PET all lesions showed a focally elevated @entity413 metabolism. Lymph node involvement of the ipsilateral peribronchial and hilar station (N1) was identified in 24/26 cases (92%), in 26/29 cases (90%) of ipsilateral central manifestation (N2) and in 11/13 (85%) cases of central contralateral or supraclavicular lymphatic infestation (N3). Pulmonary spread in hybrid PET was found in 4/8 cases (50%), whereas mainly lung @entity3 with a diameter of 1.5 cm and smaller were missed. Pleural involvement diagnosed by CT was verified in 4/5 @entity1 . All four @entity1 with bony @entity3 in conventional staging also presented with positive findings in hybrid PET (8/9 lesions). Concordance with conventional staging was found in 28/36 of @entity1 (78%). In 4/36 @entity1 (11%) unknown sites of @entity5 were detected leading to therapeutic consequences in three @entity1 after radiological confirmation. Hybrid PET would have led to an understaging in four cases (11%), resulting theoretically in inefficient treatment in two @entity1 . Hybrid PET for F-FDG imaging in the staging of recurrent or primarily inoperable @entity2 supplied equal (78%) or more information (11%) compared to conventional staging procedures. Using the information of hybrid PET alone, 11% of the @entity1 would have been understaged. We conclude that hybrid PET has the potential for use as an additional staging tool in this subgroup of @entity1 , providing supplementary information compared to conventional staging modalities.

title: Staging of recurrent and advanced XXXX with @entity419 PET in a coincidence technique (hybrid PET).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of transperineal ultrasonography (TPUS) for the evaluation of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: Between September 2010 and August 2013, 64 TPUS examinations were performed in 43 @entity1 (34 males and 9 females; mean age  standard deviation, 13.3  2.4 years; age range, 6 to 17 years) to evaluate @entity30 . The @entity158 severity, location, and activity of perianal @entity292 , the presence of an abscess, and anal canal @entity450 were retrospectively evaluated. Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the severity of the @entity158 and the @entity292 activity, the presence of an abscess, and anal canal @entity450 . RESULTS: All examinations were successfully performed. Thirty-nine examinations (60.9%) were performed without any @entity158 experienced by the @entity1 , 19 examinations (29.7%) with mild @entity158 , five examinations (7.8%) with moderate @entity158 , and one examination (1.6%) with severe @entity158 . The @entity158 severity was correlated with the @entity292 activity (P<0.01). An anterior @entity292 location was more common than a posterior location. Active @entity292 and @entity733 were identified during 30 examinations (46.9%) and 12 examinations (18.8%), respectively. Anal canal @entity450 was identified in 31 examinations (48.4%). CONCLUSION: TPUS with a color Doppler study is useful for visualizing a perianal @entity292 or abscess and for assessing its inflammatory activity in pediatric Crohn @entity1 .

title: Transperineal ultrasonography for evaluation of the perianal @entity292 and abscess in pediatric XXXX : preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'perianal Crohn disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical management of primary @entity320 is curative for most @entity1 with clinically localized disease at diagnosis; however, a substantial number of @entity1 recur and progress to @entity1442 . Understanding molecular alterations that influence differential @entity5 progression of histopathologically similar lesions may lead to improved prognosis and therapies to slow or prevent @entity3 . METHODS: We examined microRNA dysregulation by expression profiling of primary @entity320 from 92 @entity1 . We screened candidate microRNAs selected by differential expression between recurrent and nonrecurrent @entity5 or associated with @entity5 thickness (Student's t test, Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate [FDR] < 0.05), in in vitro invasion assays. We performed in vivo @entity3 assays, matrix remodeling experiments, and molecular studies to identify @entity3 -regulating microRNAs and their cellular and molecular mechanisms. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We identified two microRNAs ( @entity64122 , hsa-miR-516b) whose expression was lower in aggressive vs nonaggressive @entity5 , which suppressed invasion in vitro and @entity3 in vivo (mean metastatic foci: control: 37.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 25.6 to 50.2; @entity64122 : 19.5, 95% CI = 12.2 to 26.9, P = .009; miR-516b: 12.5, 95% CI = 7.7 to 17.4, P < .001, Student's t test). Mechanistically, @entity64122 overexpression inhibits extracellular matrix degradation by @entity320 cells. Moreover, we identified actin regulators @entity5263 , @entity5180 , and @entity64123 as direct targets of @entity64122 . Depletion of @entity5263 partially recapitulates @entity64122 effects on matrix remodeling, invasion, and @entity3 . Inhibition of @entity64122 in a weakly tumorigenic @entity320 cell line increased @entity5 progression and @entity3 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Aberrant expression of specific microRNAs that can functionally impact progression of primary @entity320 occurs as an early event of melanomagenesis.

title: Identification of @entity3 -suppressive microRNAs in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumors']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists are the mainstay of treatment for severe @entity565 exacerbations, one of the most common causes of @entity3124 in @entity1 . Genotypic differences in the @entity2162 gene, particularly at @entity535 positions 16 and 27, have been shown to affect the response to @entity2162 agonist therapy. Our hypothesis is that genotypic differences contribute to @entity1 response to @entity2162 agonist treatment during severe @entity565 exacerbations in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 admitted to the hospital ICU for a severe @entity565 exacerbation between 2002 and 2005 were located, and genetic samples were obtained from saliva. @entity1 hospitalized during this period were treated with a protocol that titrated @entity2162 therapy (first nebulized, then IV) according to a validated clinical @entity565 score. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 hospitalized during the study period were enrolled into the study. At @entity535 position 16 in the @entity2162 gene, 13 @entity1 were homozygous for the @entity2228 ( @entity4022 ) allele ( @entity4022 / @entity4022 ), 8 were homozygous for the @entity369 ( @entity534 ) allele ( @entity534 / @entity534 ), and 16 were heterozygous ( @entity534 / @entity4022 ). Despite similar clinical @entity565 scores on hospital admission, the @entity1 with the @entity4022 / @entity4022 genotype had significantly shorter hospital ICU length of stay and duration of continuously nebulized @entity3045 therapy and were significantly less likely to require IV @entity2162 therapy than those with @entity534 / @entity534 or @entity534 / @entity4022 genotypes. No association existed among polymorphisms at @entity535 position 27 and response to @entity2162 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity1 with severe @entity565 exacerbations, @entity1 whose genotypes were homozygous for @entity4022 at @entity535 position 16 of the @entity2162 gene had a more rapid response to @entity2162 agonist treatment. The @entity2162 genotype appears to influence the response to therapy in this population.

title: Beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms affect response to treatment in XXXX with severe @entity565 exacerbations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The theory of structural dissociation of the personality proposes that @entity1 with complex @entity74 are characterized by a division of their personality into different prototypical parts, each with its own psychobiological underpinnings. As one or more apparently normal parts (ANPs), @entity1 have a propensity toward engaging in evolutionary prepared action systems for adaptation to daily living to guide their actions. Two or more emotional parts (EPs) are fixated in traumatic experience. As EPs, @entity1 predominantly engage action systems related to physical defense and attachment cry. ANP and EP are insufficiently integrated, but interact and share a number of dispositions of the personality (e.g., speaking). All parts are stuck in maladaptive action tendencies that maintain dissociation, including a range of @entity913 , which is a major focus of this article. Phase-oriented treatment helps @entity1 gradually develop adaptive mental and behavioral actions, thus overcoming their @entity913 and structural dissociation. Phase 1, symptom reduction and stabilization, is geared toward overcoming @entity913 of mental contents, dissociative parts, and attachment and @entity6730 with the therapist. Phase 2, treatment of traumatic memories, is directed toward overcoming the phobia of traumatic memories, and @entity913 related to insecure attachment to the perpetrator(s), particularly in EPs. In Phase 3, integration and rehabilitation, treatment is focused on overcoming @entity913 of normal life, healthy risk-taking and change, and intimacy. To the degree that the theory of structural dissociation serves as an integrative heuristic for treatment, it should be compatible with other theories that guide effective treatment of @entity1 with @entity4785 .

title: Phase-oriented treatment of structural dissociation in complex traumatization: overcoming trauma-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['complex dissociative disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['trauma-related disorders']

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['phobias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: After decades of research, @entity788 is still a devastating disease. The aim of this article was to assess the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM) and @entity11730 ( @entity1412 ) therapy compared with GEM alone therapy in @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity788 . METHODS: Relevant trials were identified by searching databases. Five trials were selected in this article. The indicators we used were overall response rate, disease control rate, 1-year survival rate and haematological @entity137 . RESULTS: Meta-analysis of the pooled data demonstrated that the overall response rate (risk ratio, RR   =   2.52, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.85-3.42, P   <   0.00001) and disease control rate (RR   =   1.24, 95% CI: 1.12-1.37, P   <   0.0001) were significantly different for the @entity1412 and GEM alone chemotherapies. Among the group of @entity1 , 43.4% in the @entity1412 group and 31.4% in the GEM group survived more than a year. According to this, @entity1 who use the @entity1412 regiment may have a better prognosis than the GEM regiment (RR   =   1.62, 95% CI: 1.12-2.33, P   =   0.04). The combination chemotherapy with GEM and @entity11730 group had higher haematological @entity137 including neutropaenia (RR   =   1.58, 95% CI: 1.17-2.14, P   =   0.003) and thrombocytopaenia (RR   =   1.85, 95% CI: 1.28-2.67, P   =   0.001). The incidence of @entity417 was much the same in the two groups (RR   =   1.22, 95% CI: 0.87-1.70, P   =   0.24). DISCUSSION: Overall response rate and disease control rate as well as 1-year survival rate in @entity1 who received @entity1412 were superior to those treated with GEM alone. Combination chemotherapy with GEM and @entity11730 may offer greater benefits in the treatment of @entity788 than GEM alone, although the @entity1412 group had higher haematological @entity137 . Combination chemotherapy with GEM and @entity11730 might be an option of first-line chemotherapy for @entity788 @entity1 , at least in Asia. Mini Abstract: This systematic review analysing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing @entity11730 combination chemotherapy versus GEM alone for locally advanced and metastatic @entity788 demonstrated greater efficacy for @entity11730 combination in term of response, disease control and 1-year survival proportion.

title: Gemcitabine and @entity11730 combination chemotherapy versus gemcitabine alone for locally advanced and metastatic XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in Asia.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity1508 anesthesia administered to enzyme-induced animals in a @entity519 atmosphere consistently produced @entity99 . @entity35 pretreated with @entity109 were exposed to @entity519 at varying intervals after administration of @entity1508 , @entity4488 , or @entity5161 anesthesia. Anesthetics were administered at 1 MAC for 2 h. For each agent, @entity519 consisting of 8 per cent @entity26 -balance @entity1568 for 1 h was imposed at the end of anesthesia. In other groups of @entity35 , we also used a 15-, 30-, 60-, and 120-min interval of 100 per cent @entity26 between 2 h of @entity1508 anesthesia and the imposition of @entity519 . Controls included enzyme-induced animals with and without @entity519 , @entity519 alone, and cage controls. @entity99 was graded by histologic examination of the livers. Injury was greater when @entity519 followed @entity1508 anesthesia than when it followed @entity4488 , @entity5161 , or enzyme-induction alone. A difference in injury score existed between control animals and those anesthetized with @entity1508 who received a 15-min interval of @entity26 before @entity519 . Combined results from the 15- and 30-min delay groups also were different from control. There was no difference between control and @entity1508 groups when the @entity26 interval was 60 or 120 min. The injury score of the @entity4488 and @entity5161 groups were comparable to that of controls. We conclude that the potential for @entity519 -induced @entity99 during recovery exists after @entity1508 anesthesia. Neither @entity4488 nor @entity5161 anesthesia produced significant @entity99 in this model.

title: XXXX following @entity1508 , @entity4488 , and @entity5161 anesthesia in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['Halothane', 'halothane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'Hepatic injury', 'liver injury', 'hepatic necrosis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic Injury']


abstract: The International Labour Organization (ILO), UNAIDS, and WHO, given their complementary mandates and long   standing collaboration on occupational health, @entity645 and @entity1906 , are working together to find common solutions to @entity645 and @entity1906 challenges for health workers. The health sector is responsible for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care of illness and can contribute to reducing stigma and discrimination in the context of health services. Countries must protect the health and rights of their health workers by optimizing their working conditions. By protecting health workers, countries would ensure that those providing health services are themselves healthy. This will in turn facilitate @entity1   s rights of access to quality health services. A key challenge in maintaining strong health systems was identified in the World Health report, 2006 as the recruitment and retention of qualified health workers. As defined in the ILO/WHO joint guidelines on health services and @entity645 / @entity791 , 2005, health workers are    all @entity1 engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance health.    They include all those @entity1 who provide health services, such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory technicians. Also included are management and support workers, such as finance officers, cooks, drivers, cleaners and security guards. Health workers include not only those who work in acute care facilities, but also those in long   term care, community   based care, home   care and informal caregivers.

title: Joint WHO/ILO Policy Guidelines on Improving Health Worker Access to Prevention, Treatment and Care Services for @entity645 and XXXX

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['TB']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the use of intraprocedural motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring to minimize risk of @entity130 during percutaneous @entity85 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-institution retrospective review of cryoablation procedures performed to treat perineural @entity85 with the use of MEP monitoring between May 2011 and March 2013 yielded 59 procedures to treat 64 @entity5 in 52 @entity1 (26 male). Median age was 61 years (range, 4-82 y). @entity5 were located in the spine (n = 27), sacrum (n = 3), retroperitoneum (n = 4), pelvis (n = 22), and extremities (n = 8), and 21 different @entity5 histologies were represented. Median @entity5 size was 4.0 cm (range, 0.8-15.0 cm). Total intravenous general anesthesia, computed tomographic guidance, and transcranial MEP monitoring were employed. @entity1 demographics, @entity5 characteristics, MEP findings, and clinical outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Nineteen of 59 procedures (32%) resulted in decreases in intraprocedural MEPs, including 15 (25%) with transient decreases and four (7%) with persistent decreases. Two of the four @entity1 with persistent MEP decreases (50%) had @entity51 following ablation. No functional motor deficit developed in a @entity1 with transient MEP decreases or no MEP change. The risk of major @entity130 with persistent MEP changes was significantly increased versus transient or no MEP change (P = .0045; relative risk, 69.8; 95% confidence interval, 5.9 to > 100). MEP decreases were 100% sensitive and 70% specific for the detection of @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: Persistent MEP decreases correlate with @entity51 . Intraprocedural MEP monitoring helps predict @entity130 and may improve @entity1 safety during @entity85 .

title: Motor evoked potential monitoring during cryoablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits', 'postprocedural sustained motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cryoablation of perineural musculoskeletal tumors', 'musculoskeletal tumors']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['motor injury', 'neural injury']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether @entity286 smoking is related to @entity580 , admission to the intensive care unit, in-hospital death, and length of stay. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Service of General Surgery of a tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 : A consecutive series of @entity1 admitted for more than 1 day (N = 2,989). RESULTS: Sixty-two (2.1%) @entity1 died and 503 (16.8%) acquired a @entity580 , of which 378 (12.6%) were surgical site and 44 (1.5%) were lower respiratory tract. Smoking (mainly past smoking) was associated with a worse health status (eg, longer preoperative stay and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score). A long history of smoking (> or = 51 pack-years) increased postoperative admission to the intensive care unit (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.21 to 6.77) and in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR = 2.56; CI95, 1.10 to 5.97). There was no relationship between current smoking and surgical-site @entity281 (adjusted OR = 0.99; CI95, 0.72 to 1.35), whereas a relationship was observed between past smoking and surgical-site @entity281 (adjusted OR = 1.46; CI95, 1.02 to 2.09). Current smoking and, to a lesser degree, past smoking augmented the risk of lower @entity1729 (adjusted OR = 3.21; CI95, 1.21 to 8.51). Smokers did not undergo additional surgical procedures more frequently during hospitalization. In the multivariate analysis, length of stay was similar for smokers and nonsmokers. CONCLUSION: Smoking increases in-hospital mortality, admission to the intensive care unit, and lower @entity1729 , but not surgical-site @entity281 . Deleterious effects of smoking are also observed in past smokers and they cannot be counteracted by hospital cessation programs.

title: A prospective study of XXXX smoking as a predictor of complications in general surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the burden of institutionalizations after @entity3330 and compare it with other "catastrophic" disease entities like @entity64 , @entity583 , or @entity55 . DESIGN/SETTING/ @entity1 : Routine data of 414,000 hospitalized German @entity1 aged 66  years and older were used to calculate institutionalization risks after @entity3330 , @entity64 , @entity583 , @entity55 or a combined group of "all other hospitalizations." MEASUREMENTS: Institutionalization was defined as nursing home admission within 6  months after discharge from hospital. Age- and sex-specific incidence and incidence rates of institutionalization were calculated. To compare the risk of institutionalization between the disease entities, age-standardized rates were computed and proportional hazards models were applied. In-house mortality and mortality after discharge from hospital were also calculated. RESULTS: The risk of institutionalization increased exponentially with age in all disease entities. For example, the risk of institutionalization after @entity3330 increased from 3.6% in @entity1 aged 65 to 69  years to 34.8% in @entity1 aged 95  years and older. The highest institutionalization rates were observed in @entity1 with @entity64 , followed by @entity3330 , @entity55 , and @entity583 . In @entity1 , the age-standardized risk of institutionalization was almost as high after @entity3330 as after @entity64 (7.5% vs 8.0%). In contrast to @entity583 and @entity55 , @entity3330 and @entity64 were more likely to be followed by institutionalization rather than death. CONCLUSION: @entity3330 result in high burden of institutionalizations. Prevention of falls, diagnosis and treatment of @entity170 , and high-quality rehabilitation are challenges to tackle the burden of institutionalization in these @entity1 in the future.

title: Risk of Nursing Home Admission After @entity3330 Compared With @entity64 , @entity583 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture', 'Femoral fractures']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pneumonia']


abstract: In the intensive care unit (ICU), @entity933 is routinely measured with the widely-used, validated Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU), but CAM-ICU has not been studied in @entity1 with @entity82 . We studied a group of @entity1 with @entity82 to determine the relationship between @entity933 measured by CAM-ICU and clinical outcomes. Consecutive @entity1 with @entity82 admitted to the ICU from 2009 to 2012 were included in a retrospective cohort study. @entity1 were screened twice daily for @entity772 and @entity933 during their ICU stay using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and CAM-ICU. The association between @entity933 / @entity772 and mortality was determined using multiple logistic regression. RASS and CAM-ICU were also compared to a retrospective assessment of @entity99 ( @entity99 ). Of 91 @entity1 with @entity82 , 26 (28.6  %) developed @entity933 / @entity772 . RASS/CAM-ICU had fair agreement with the @entity99 assessment (k 0.38). @entity1 with @entity933 / @entity772 had numerically greater mortality in-hospital (23.1 vs. 7.7  %, p   =   0.07) and at 90  days (30.8 vs. 18.5  %, p   =   0.26), and they also had longer hospital length of stay (median 19.5 vs. 6  days, p   <   0.001). @entity933 / @entity772 was associated with increased inpatient mortality, independent of disease severity (unadjusted OR 3.6; 95  % CI, 0.99-13.1; MELD-adjusted OR 5.4; 95  % CI, 1.3-23.8; acute physiology score-adjusted OR 2.2; 95  % CI, 0.53-8.9). @entity933 / @entity772 was also associated with longer length of stay after adjusting for disease severity. In @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity82 , @entity933 / @entity772 as measured by the RASS and CAM-ICU is associated with increased mortality and hospital length of stay. For these @entity1 , these measures provide valuable information and may be useful tools for clinical care. RASS and CAM-ICU need to be compared to @entity99 -specific measures in future studies.

title: The confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'HE']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']