abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKI) improve the outcome of @entity1 with advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ), but treatment failure is frequent, and prognosis then @entity22485 . Smaller trials in this setting suggested activity for @entity2857 , a multikinase inhibitor of receptor @entity669 kinases and @entity8496 @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of @entity2857 , starting dose 400mg twice daily, in a large community-based cohort of 124 @entity1 treated in 12 European and one United States (U.S.) @entity5 centre. All but one @entity1 had a WHO performance score 0-2. All had failed both @entity2213 and @entity2240 , 68 @entity1 @entity10542 and 26 had failed investigational therapy, too. RESULTS: Twelve (10%) @entity1 responded to @entity2857 and 70 (57%) @entity1 @entity66 stabilisation. @entity2857 was moderately tolerated, and @entity137 reported in 56% of the @entity1 . @entity1910 , hand-foot-syndrome and @entity294 occurred frequently. @entity2857 dosage was reduced in a third of @entity1 , but this did not have an impact on progression-free survival (PFS) (p=0.15). Median PFS was 6.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-8.0 months) and median overall survival (OS) 13.5 months (95% CI, 10.0-21.0 months). @entity1 with a good performance status and those who responded to @entity2857 had a significant better PFS. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity2857 is active in @entity5 resistant to @entity2213 , @entity2240 and @entity10542 . These results warrant further investigation of @entity2857 or similar molecules in @entity5 .

title: @entity2857 as third- or fourth-line treatment of advanced @entity5 and pretreatment including both @entity2213 and @entity2240 , and XXXX : A retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['achieved disease']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumour', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib', 'sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

answer: @entity10542 :: (MESH:C498826,Chemical) :: ['nilotinib']


abstract: Both postanal repair and anterior sphincteroplasty with levatorplasty have been advocated in the treatment of @entity1241 . To assess the functional results of these procedures, physiologic and radiologic measurements were carried out prospectively in 33 @entity1 with @entity322 undergoing operative treatment, and 12 age- and sex-matched controls. Sixteen @entity1 had anterior sphincteroplasty and levatorplasty and 17 had postanal repair. A satisfactory postoperative outcome was defined as perfect continence or @entity322 of flatus only. Ten @entity1 in the anterior sphincteroplasty group had satisfactory results (64 percent) and 10 in the postanal repair group (59 percent). Preoperatively, both groups had decreased resting and squeeze pressures, impaired and mucosal electrosensitivity, and marked pelvic descent vs. controls. Postoperatively, significant improvement in sphincter pressures and mucosal electrosensitivity was seen in both groups. No significant change in anorectal angle was demonstrated in the postanal repair group, whereas it was made significantly more obtuse in the anterior sphincteroplasty group. It is likely that the improved continence resulting from either of these two procedures is secondary to better anal sphincter muscle function and improved and sensation. It would appear that the anorectal angle is not crucial in maintaining continence.

title: Comparison of anterior sphincteroplasty and postanal repair in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['idiopathic fecal incontinence']


abstract: The effects of @entity2165 (100 mg/day) and @entity594 (20 mg 3 times daily) and their combination on ambulant @entity741 were investigated using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Eighteen @entity1 with symptomatic @entity453 , exercise-induced @entity63 and minimal symptoms, underwent 4 blinded treatment periods of 2 weeks' duration (2 placebo, 1 @entity2165 , 1 @entity594 ). Those that did not have @entity63 eliminated by monotherapy received combination therapy with both drugs. Forty-eight-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was used to quantitate @entity63 parameters at the end of each period. Both @entity594 and @entity2165 as monotherapy reduced the number of @entity63 episodes and the average duration of each episode compared with placebo (p less than 0.05). Compared with placebo, @entity594 reduced the total duration of @entity63 (p less than 0.05) but the effect of @entity2165 on @entity63 duration was of borderline significance (p = 0.066). There were no differences in reduction of @entity63 parameters when @entity2165 was compared with @entity594 (difference not significant). In the 9 @entity1 who continued to have @entity63 with monotherapy, combination therapy eliminated it in 2 and reduced the duration by greater than 50% in the remaining @entity1 compared with placebo. In conclusion, monotherapy with @entity594 or @entity2165 is similarly effective in eliminating or reducing ambulant @entity63 . Combination therapy can provide additional benefit in those with continued @entity63 .

title: Effects of @entity2165 alone, XXXX alone and their combination on ambulant @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: Mental health workers on inpatient units spend a great deal of time trying to cope with interpersonal tensions that disrupt ward life. We have focused our attention on two aspects of this problem. The first is clarifying the nature of the social processes that underlie periods of increased @entity2701 and conflict on wards. The second is clarifying the kinds of staff leadership required to manage these tensions. We are sure that those who have worked on interactive treatment wards will recognize this situation: for a period of weeks or more there is an uneasy @entity2701 ; @entity1 cliques form and disruption occurs between cliques and with the staff. Often there is a climax of disruptive behavior, such as a day or weekend when a large number of @entity1 break ward rules. Trouble seems to be contagious. Throughout the period staff members disagree about how to manage the @entity1 and the disruption, and usually this disagreement is tinged with old philosophical or personal differences. No one feels very confident about taking leadership initiatives, and the formal leaders are blamed for various failures and lacks. Eventually, often after a climactic disturbance is resolved, ward life returns to "normal" and @entity1 feel much better about living and working on the ward. In this paper we review previous work on this kind of ward process and discuss some of the problems involved in conceptualizing it. We report on two period of ward observation that illustrate the sequence from low to high @entity2701 and back to relative calm. We then discuss our ideas about the kinds of staff leadership needed to manage different phases of this sequence and the problems of developing and integrating multiple ward leadership roles.

title: Ward XXXX and staff leadership in a therapeutic community for hospitalized adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension']


abstract: PURPOSE: Relatively little is known about psychological effects of environmental hazard disasters. This study examines the development of posttraumatic stress (PTS) and tendency to limited @entity4697 attack after a large @entity3878 spill in a community. METHODS: In January 2005, a large @entity3878 spill occurred in Graniteville, SC. @entity131 were quantified on an ordinal severity scale. Eight to ten months later, participating victims completed the Short Screening Scale for @entity1005 (n = 225) and the @entity458 ( @entity458 ) (n = 193) as part of a public health intervention. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity were likewise measured via spirometry. Two sets of univariate logistic regression models were fit to detect independent effects of each potential covariate and risk factor on PTS score and tendency to @entity4697 . A supplemental analysis examined whether poor lung function may be a confounder and/or effect modifier of the effect of @entity131 on PTS score and @entity4697 . RESULTS: Of those who completed psychological screening, 36.9% exhibited PTS symptoms. FEV(1), @entity131 , and the @entity458 psychiatric subscale were independently associated with increased PTS score. @entity131 severity scale and female sex were associated with tendency to @entity4697 . Immediate @entity131 severity and poor lung function later were independently associated with PTS symptomotology. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of PTS and endorsement of tendency to @entity4697 within our sample show a need for mental health treatment after a chemical hazard disaster. Mental health personnel should be considerate of those with serious physical injuries.

title: Posttraumatic stress and tendency to @entity4697 in the aftermath of the XXXX gas disaster in Graniteville, South Carolina.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Acute injuries', 'Acute injury', 'acute injury']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Holden Psychological Screening Inventory', 'HPSI']

answer: @entity3878 :: (MESH:D002713,Chemical) :: ['chlorine']


abstract: A brief survey of bibliography on heart and pericardial @entity3 resulting from @entity153 is followed by a report on our autopsy findings in 110 @entity1 suffering from @entity153 . In 29 cases, i.e. 26 p.c., heart and pericardial @entity3 were found. In three cases, only the heart was affected, in 16 cases only the pericardium, and in 10 cases both heart and pericardium were involved. In 27 cases, they were spread by way of the blood and were mostly part of a general formation of hematogenous @entity3 . In-growth exclusively from primary @entity5 regions was found only in two cases. In 19 cases, @entity3 were both hematogenous and grown-in per continuitatem. Anatomicopathologically, 18 @entity1 had a @entity4153 , 10 a @entity957 , and one showed an @entity420 . While 15, i.e. 14%, of our 110 @entity1 , on whom we performed an autopsy, had died from arrosion @entity548 , this was true only in one case in the group of 29 @entity1 with heart and pericardial @entity3 . Radiation side effects in the form of lung and pericardial fibroses in the @entity1 , who had generally been treated with @entity1953 60 gamma rays, were confirmed by autopsy findings only in one third in both cases as compared with the findings by X-ray diagnosis during life. Lung fibroses were found in 16 cases (14%), and pericardial fibroses in 6 cases (5.5%). They were not strictly dependent on the dose.

title: [Heart and pericardial XXXX resulting from @entity153 . Side effects of radiotherapy (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: Panitumumab is a fully human @entity470 ( @entity470 ) monoclonal antibody that improves progression-free survival (PFS) in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of panitumumab plus @entity1487 , @entity4181 , and @entity2600 (FOLFIRI) compared with FOLFIRI alone after failure of initial treatment for mCRC by @entity5 @entity984 status. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with mCRC, one prior chemotherapy regimen for mCRC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, and available @entity5 tissue for biomarker testing were randomly assigned 1:1 to panitumumab 6.0 mg/kg plus FOLFIRI versus FOLFIRI every 2 weeks. The coprimary end points of PFS and overall survival (OS) were independently tested and prospectively analyzed by @entity984 status. RESULTS: From June 2006 to March 2008, 1,186 @entity1 were randomly assigned 1:1 and received treatment. @entity984 status was available for 91% of @entity1 : 597 (55%) with wild-type (WT) @entity984 @entity5 , and 486 (45%) with mutant (MT) @entity984 @entity5 . In the WT @entity984 subpopulation, when panitumumab was added to chemotherapy, a significant improvement in PFS was observed (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.90; P = .004); median PFS was 5.9 months for panitumumab-FOLFIRI versus 3.9 months for FOLFIRI. A nonsignificant trend toward increased OS was observed; median OS was 14.5 months versus 12.5 months, respectively (HR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.04; P = .12); response rate was improved to 35% versus 10% with the addition of panitumumab. In @entity1 with MT @entity984 , there was no difference in efficacy. Adverse event rates were generally comparable across arms with the exception of known @entity137 associated with anti- @entity470 therapy. CONCLUSION: Panitumumab plus FOLFIRI significantly improved PFS and is well-tolerated as second-line treatment in @entity1 with WT @entity984 mCRC.

title: Randomized phase III study of panitumumab with @entity1487 , @entity4181 , and XXXX (FOLFIRI) compared with FOLFIRI alone as second-line treatment in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'anti-epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: The clinical usefulness of a @entity5 marker essentially depends on its sensitivity and specificity for a certain @entity5 . To prove, wheather the new @entity5 marker 'mucin-like @entity189 -associated antigen' could be used for the management of @entity0 @entity1 , we determined its serum concentration in 50 healthy blood donors, 130 @entity1 with various non-malignant diseases, 138 @entity1 with different metastazised @entity5 and 137 @entity0 @entity1 . 78 of the @entity0 @entity1 had known @entity3 while 59 had no evidence of disease after initial surgical and adjuvant therapy. Only 2% of the blood donors and 3% of the @entity1 with non-malignant diseases exceeded the cut-off level of 15 U/ml. In contrast to these findings, 28% of @entity1 with various metastazised @entity5 and 77% of @entity1 with metastazised @entity0 had serum levels above 15 U/ml. @entity0 @entity1 without evidence of disease had elevated marker values in only 3%. In @entity0 the serum levels of this antigen depends on the type of @entity3 . Maximal concentrations were found in mixed @entity3 while cutaneous or lymph-node @entity3 showed the lowest rate of positivity. Furthermore a good correlation of serial determined marker levels with the course of the disease was observed, so that we conclude, that mucin-like @entity189 -associated antigen can be used in follow-up of @entity1 with metastazised @entity0 . Because of its high sensitivity and specificity it provides some advantage over other markers used in this disease.

title: [Mucin-like @entity189 -associated antigen: sensitivity and specificity in metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: An attempt was made to identify the epizootiological features associated with @entity66 occurring in the @entity579 -growing areas of the Indian subcontinent and believed to be associated with mycotoxins. Epizootiological studies were made on disease outbreaks involving 370 herds from 136 villages of Haryana, India, during the years 1968 to 1978. They revealed that the disease, besides being seasonal and regional in occurrence, has a tendency to confine itself to a particular herd or field. All the disease outbreaks occurred during the winter and were associated with the feeding of @entity579 straw. The incidence of the disease, varied from year to year, assuming serious proportions in certain years. The morbidity and mortality rates were 61.61% and 13.93%, respectively, in buffaloes and 13.49% and 2.41% in @entity291 , with no sex and age differences. Factors such as housing conditions of animals, shape of @entity579 straw stacks, feeding practices, and use of pesticides and fertilizers had no bearing on the occurrence of the disease. Inadequate postharvest drying of @entity579 plants before stacking and stacking at low-lying places or near water channels were the factors identified with occurrence of the disease. In the case of affected herds, 72.07% of the owners stacked @entity579 straw immediately after harvesting, without allowing the plants to dry adequately, versus 10.60% of the owners of unaffected herds. Similarly, 72.97% of the farmers owning affected herds were found to stack @entity579 straw either in low-lying areas or near canals and other water channels, versus 22.73% of the farmers of control herds.

title: XXXX in buffaloes and @entity291 : epidemiological investigations.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Degnala disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Degnala disease']


abstract: Nerve growth factor (NGF), an essential peptide for sensory neurons, seems to have opposite effects when administered peripherally or directly to the central nervous system. We investigated the effects of 7-days intrathecal (i.t.) infusion of NGF on neuronal and glial spinal markers relevant to @entity146 induced by chronic @entity130 . Allodynic and @entity1931 behaviors were investigated by Von Frey and thermal Plantar tests, respectively. NGF-treated animals showed reduced @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 , compared to control animals. We evaluated on lumbar spinal cord the expression of microglial (ED-1), astrocytic ( @entity40 and @entity21078 ), and C- and Adelta-fibers (SubP, IB-4 and Cb) markers. I.t. NGF treatment reduced reactive astrocytosis and the density of SubP, IB4 and Cb positive fibers in the dorsal horn of injured animals. Morphometric parameters of proximal sciatic nerve stump fibers and cells in DRG were also analyzed in CCI @entity35 : myelin thickness was reduced and DRG neurons and satellite cells appeared @entity1184 . I.t. NGF treatment showed a beneficial effect in reversing these molecular and morphological alterations. Finally, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression pattern of neurotrophin receptors @entity3249 , pTrkA, @entity10864 and @entity11451 (NTR). Substantial alterations in neurotrophin receptors expression were observed in the spinal cord of CCI and NGF-treated animals. Our results indicate that i.t. NGF administration reverses the neuro-glial morphomolecular changes occurring in neuropathic animals paralleled by alterations in neurotrophin receptors ratio, and suggest that NGF is effective in restoring homeostatic conditions in the spinal cord and maintaining @entity1337 in @entity9 .

title: Intrathecal NGF administration reduces reactive astrocytosis and changes neurotrophin receptors expression pattern in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic behavior']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: A novel in-package ozonation device was evaluated for its efficacy in inactivating three microorganisms (viz., @entity16085 , attenuated @entity2491 , and @entity526 O157:H7) on tomatoes and for its effect on fruit quality. The device produced @entity1787 inside sealed film bags, reaching a concentration of 1,000 ppm within 1 min of activation. The three bacterial cultures were inoculated onto either the smooth surface or the stem scar areas of the tomatoes, which were then sealed in plastic film bags and subjected to in-package ozonation. @entity16085 on tomatoes was reduced to nondetectable levels within 40 s of treatment on the @entity523 surface, with inactivation of ca. 4 log CFU per fruit on the stem scar area. An increase in treatment time did not result in a proportional increase in bacterial reduction. For @entity526 O157:H7 and @entity2491 , there was little difference (<1 log) in the effectiveness of the system when comparing surface and scar-inoculated bacteria. Both bacteria were typically reduced by 2 to 3 log CFU per fruit after 2- to 3-min treatments. No negative effects on fruit color or texture were observed during a 22-day posttreatment storage study of @entity1787 -treated tomatoes. These results suggest that the three bacteria responded differently to ozonation and that in-package ozonation may provide an alternative to chemical sanitizers commonly used by the industry.

title: Inactivation of @entity16085 , @entity2491 , and XXXX O157:H7 on surface and stem scar areas of tomatoes using in-package ozonation.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Typhimurium', 'Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity16085 :: ('1642', 'Species') :: ['Listeria innocua', 'L. innocua']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the number of @entity0 survivors increases, the appearance of second @entity5 and unusual metastatic patterns likely also is increasing. In particular, we and others have observed @entity356 in @entity0 survivors. METHODS: We reviewed 3 regional hospital system @entity5 databases, comprising 19,049 analytic @entity0 cases, to determine the number, types, and outcomes of subsequent @entity356 . RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 developed subsequent @entity356 , representing .15% of @entity0 survivors; 82% of @entity1 had gastric symptoms. Overall survival for the cohort was 39%. Twenty-four @entity1 (86%) had gastric primaries and 13 died of their second @entity5 . Four @entity1 had gastric metastases; all had lobular histology in both their @entity5 and metastatic lesions. Five @entity1 had @entity674 ; all @entity1 underwent resection and currently are alive. CONCLUSION: Gastric symptoms in @entity0 survivors may represent @entity5 , often second primaries. All gastric metastases in our series were of lobular histology.

title: XXXX in @entity0 survivors: pathology and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignant lesions', 'cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric malignancies']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deficiencies in care for @entity5 survivors may result from unclear roles for primary care providers (PCPs) and oncology specialists in follow-up. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity5 survivors' care to non- @entity5 controls. DESIGN: Retrospective, longitudinal, controlled study starting 366 days post-diagnosis. SUBJECTS: Stage 1-3 @entity0 survivors age 65+ diagnosed in 1998 (n = 1961) and matched non- @entity5 controls (n = 1961). MEASUREMENTS: Using the SEER-Medicare database, we examined the number of visits to PCPs, oncology specialists, and other physicians; receipt of influenza vaccination, @entity165 screening, @entity14 screening, bone densitometry, and mammography; and whether care receipt was associated with physician mix visited. RESULTS: Survivors were consistently less likely to receive influenza vaccination, @entity165 screening, @entity14 screening, and bone densitometry but more likely to receive mammograms than controls (all p < 0.05). Over time, @entity14 screening and mammography decreased and influenza vaccination increased for both groups (all p < 0.0001). Trends over time in care receipt were similar for survivors and controls. In Year 1, survivors had more visits to PCPs but fewer visits to other physicians than controls (both p < 0.05). Over time, survivors' visits to PCPs and other physicians increased and to oncology specialists decreased (all p < 0.0001). Controls' visits to PCPs increased (p < 0.0001) faster than survivors' (p = 0.003). Controls' visits to other physicians increased (p < 0.0001) at a rate similar to survivors. Survivors who visited both a @entity7678 and oncology specialist were most likely to receive each service. CONCLUSIONS: Better coordination between PCPs and oncology specialists may improve care for older @entity0 survivors.

title: Comparing care for XXXX controls: a five-year longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer survivors to non-cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1619 , an autologous active cellular immunotherapy, has shown evidence of efficacy in reducing the risk of @entity204 among @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 . METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 512 @entity1 in a 2:1 ratio to receive either sipuleucel-T (341 @entity1 ) or placebo (171 @entity1 ) administered intravenously every 2 weeks, for a total of three infusions. The primary end point was overall survival, analyzed by means of a stratified Cox regression model adjusted for baseline levels of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and lactate dehydrogenase. RESULTS: In the sipuleucel-T group, there was a relative reduction of 22% in the risk of @entity204 as compared with the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.98; P=0.03). This reduction represented a 4.1-month improvement in median survival (25.8 months in the sipuleucel-T group vs. 21.7 months in the placebo group). The 36-month survival probability was 31.7% in the sipuleucel-T group versus 23.0% in the placebo group. The treatment effect was also observed with the use of an unadjusted Cox model and a log-rank test (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.97; P=0.02) and after adjustment for use of docetaxel after the study therapy (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.98; P=0.03). The time to objective disease progression was similar in the two study groups. Immune responses to the immunizing antigen were observed in @entity1 who received sipuleucel-T. Adverse events that were more frequently reported in the sipuleucel-T group than in the placebo group included chills, fever, and @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of sipuleucel-T prolonged overall survival among @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 . No effect on the time to disease progression was observed. (Funded by Dendreon; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00065442.)

title: @entity1619 immunotherapy for castration-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Sipuleucel-T']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2114 species may colonize in home water systems and cause @entity4502 ( @entity4502 ). We herein report two cases of sporadic @entity4502 associated with the solar energy-heated hot water systems of the @entity1 ' houses. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old @entity1 with chronic @entity3617 and @entity6 presented with a high fever, @entity490 , and @entity294 . Physical examination revealed rales, and her chest radiograph showed a homogeneous density in the left lung. The @entity2114 urinary antigen test was positive, and an indirect fluorescent antibody test revealed a serum antibody titer of 1/520 for @entity2114 serogroup 1. In the second case, a 66-year-old @entity1 with @entity6 was treated for @entity55 at another hospital. After the @entity1 's general condition worsened and he required mechanical ventilation, he was referred to our hospital. The @entity2114 urinary antigen test was positive. Neither of the @entity1 had been hospitalized or travelled within the previous month. Both @entity1 used hot water storage tanks heated by solar energy; both also used an electrical device in the bathroom to heat the water when solar energy alone was insufficient. The hot water samples from the residences of both @entity1 were positive for @entity2114 sero-group 1. CONCLUSION: These cases show that domestic hot water systems heated by solar energy must be considered a possible source of community-acquired @entity4502 .

title: Domestically Acquired XXXX : Two Case Reports and a Review of the Pertinent Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity4502 :: ('MESH:D007877', 'Disease') :: ['LD', "Legionnaires' disease"]

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella', 'L. pneumophila']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity4502 :: (MESH:D007877,Disease) :: ['Legionnaires' Disease']


abstract: AIMS: The relationship between outcomes and time after diagnosis for @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is poorly defined, especially beyond the first year. METHODS AND RESULTS: GARFIELD-AF is an ongoing, global observational study of adults with newly diagnosed @entity955 . Two-year outcomes of 17 162 @entity1 prospectively enrolled in GARFIELD-AF were analysed in light of baseline characteristics, risk profiles for @entity64 ( @entity64 ), and antithrombotic therapy. The mean (standard deviation) age was 69.8 (11.4) years, 43.8% were @entity1 , and the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.3 (1.6); 60.8% of @entity1 were prescribed anticoagulant therapy with/without antiplatelet (AP) therapy, 27.4% AP monotherapy, and 11.8% no antithrombotic therapy. At 2-year follow-up, all-cause mortality, @entity64 / @entity64 , and major @entity548 had occurred at a rate (95% confidence interval) of 3.83 (3.62; 4.05), 1.25 (1.13; 1.38), and 0.70 (0.62; 0.81) per 100 @entity1 -years, respectively. Rates for all three major events were highest during the first 4 months. @entity712 , @entity1187 , @entity944 , malignancy, @entity1576 , and @entity281 /sepsis accounted for 65% of all known causes of @entity204 and @entity64 for <10%. Anticoagulant treatment was associated with a 35% lower risk of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The most frequent of the three major outcome measures was @entity204 , whose most common causes are not known to be significantly influenced by anticoagulation. This suggests that a more comprehensive approach to the management of @entity955 may be needed to improve outcome. This could include, in addition to anticoagulation, interventions targeting modifiable, cause-specific risk factors for @entity204 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362.

title: Two-year outcomes of @entity1 with newly diagnosed XXXX : results from GARFIELD-AF.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'strokes', 'stroke/systemic embolism', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden/unwitnessed death']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['non-valvular atrial fibrillation', 'NVAF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Distinction between B-cell @entity1778 can be difficult due to overlap in cell morphology and immunologic features. We investigated, by quantitative flow cytometry, the expression of @entity22413 , @entity5893 and @entity1075 in cells from a variety of B-cell disorders to see whether this analysis adds further information useful to the diagnosis and characterization of these diseases. DESIGN AND METHODS: Peripheral blood cells from 6 normal individuals were used as reference controls. The diseases of the 63 @entity1 investigated comprised: 29 @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), six of them with atypical morphology, 6 @entity16593 ( @entity6491 ), 12 @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) and 16 @entity1073 in @entity1778 phase. The study was carried out by triple immunostaining with directly conjugated monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against @entity22413 , @entity5893 and @entity1075 and quantitative estimation of the antigens per cell assessed with standard microbeads (Quantum Simply Cellular). RESULTS: Compared to normal B-cells, the number of @entity1075 molecules was significantly lower in cells from all of the B-cell disorders except @entity6491 . The intensity of @entity5893 in @entity1778 B-cells was significantly higher in @entity1072 cells, including atypical cases, and @entity1073 than in normal B-cells, whilst @entity6491 and @entity1072 had values similar to those of normal B-lymphocytes. @entity22413 was expressed at lower levels in all types of @entity1778 cells compared to normal B-lymphocytes but differences were statistically significant in @entity1072 , @entity1073 and @entity1072 . The number of @entity22413 molecules per cell was significantly lower in typical @entity1072 than in the remaining B-cell diseases whilst the comparison of @entity5893 and @entity1075 intensity between @entity1072 and non- @entity1072 samples failed to show any statistically significant difference. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Distinct antigen density patterns for the various conditions emerged from this analysis: Typical @entity1072 was characterized by moderate @entity5893 and weak or negative @entity22413 expression. @entity1073 showed an homogeneous pattern, characterized by similar expression of @entity5893 than @entity1072 but significantly stronger expression of @entity22413 whilst @entity6491 and @entity1072 had weak @entity5893 and moderate @entity22413 expression. @entity1072 had an intermediate pattern of @entity22413 antigen expression ranging from weak to moderate with bright @entity5893 . Unlike @entity5893 and @entity22413 , @entity1075 did not discriminate the various B-cell disorders but only between normal and @entity1778 cells.

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity22413 , XXXX and @entity1075 in mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16593 :: ('MESH:D054403', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['SLVL', 'Atypical CLL', 'CLL', 'splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['chronic leukemias', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['Mc lymphoma', 'mantle-cell (Mc) lymphoma']

answer: @entity5893 :: (921,Gene) :: ['CD5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT) for adolescents with a @entity835 use disorder, compared to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). METHODS: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was performed. 109 adolescents with a DSM-IV @entity835 use disorder (CBT n=54; MDFT n=55) were included. Assessments were conducted at baseline, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-baseline, and included measures on @entity835 and other substance use, delinquency, health care utilization, and general health related quality of life. RESULTS: Excluding those with missing cost-data, 96 @entity1 (MDFT n=49; CBT n=47) were included. From a health care perspective, the average annual direct medical costs in the CBT group were    2015 (95%C.I. 1397-2714), compared to    5446 (95%C.I. 4159-7092) in the MDFT group. The average quality-adjusted life years (QALY's) gained were 0.06 QALY higher for the MDFT group, which led to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 54,308 @entity7634 /QALY or    43,405 per recovered @entity1 . Taking the costs of delinquency into account, the costs increased to    21,330 (95%C.I. 12,389-32,894) for the CBT group and to    21,915 (95%C.I. 16,273-28,181) for the MDFT group, which lead to an ICER of 9266 @entity7634 /QALY or a cost per recovered @entity1 of    7491. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comprehensive CEA of MDFT compared to CBT and it demonstrated that when costs of delinquency were included, the ICERS were modest. The results underline the importance of adopting a broader perspective regarding cost effectiveness analyses in mental health care.

title: Cost-effectiveness of multidimensional family therapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with a XXXX use disorder: Data from a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis']


abstract: AIMS: Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a recently introduced contact force ablation catheter with modified irrigation technology compared with a conventionally irrigated ablation catheter on the incidence of @entity75 ( @entity75 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with symptomatic, drug-refractory paroxysmal or persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) who underwent left atrial radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation were prospectively enrolled. @entity1 were ablated using a single-tip RF contact force ablation catheter with conventional irrigation (Group 1; n = 50) or with a recently introduced intensified 'surround flow' irrigation technology (Group 2; n = 50). Assessment of @entity75 was performed by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in all @entity1 after ablation. A total of 100 @entity1 (mean age 63.6    12.1 years; @entity1 58%) with paroxysmal (n = 41; 41%) or persistent @entity955 were included. Groups 1 and 2 @entity1 were comparable in regard to baseline characteristics and procedural parameters, especially ablation time at posterior left atrial wall. Overall, 13 @entity1 (13%) developed @entity75 after @entity955 ablation (8 oesophageal ulcerations, 5 erythema). The incidence of @entity75 including oesophageal ulcerations was higher in Group 2 compared with Group 1 @entity1 without statistical significance (18 vs. 8%, P = 0.23). One @entity2293 and one access site @entity548 occurred in Group 2. No further adverse events were reported in both groups. CONCLUSION: According to these preliminary results, the use of an improved ablation catheter irrigation technology (surround flow) in conjunction with contact force measurement was associated with a higher but not statistically significant probability of oesophageal thermal lesions. Further studies including larger @entity1 cohorts are needed.

title: Impact of surround flow catheter tip irrigation in contact force ablation on the incidence of asymptomatic XXXX after @entity955 ablation: a prospective comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial tamponade']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopically detected oesophageal lesions', 'EDEL']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['oesophageal lesions']


abstract: @entity785 is a @entity66 , also affecting the heart. To evaluate its influence on systolic left ventricular (LV) function, we investigated 30 consecutive @entity1 (age 54.5 +/- 2.4 years, 15 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) and 48 controls matched for age and sex. All subjects were investigated by phonocardiography, pulse curve recordings, M-mode echocardiography, and by pulsed and continuous wave Doppler. Heart rate, blood pressure and peripheral resistance did not differ, but @entity1 weighed less than controls (P less than 0.01). Systolic time intervals indicated @entity73 , with an increased pre-ejection period to LV ejection time (LVET) ratio (0.37 +/- 0.02 vs 0.30 +/- 0.01 P less than 0.001), and also an increased isovolumic contraction time to LVET ratio (0.17 +/- 0.02 vs 0.12 +/- 0.01, P less than 0.02). The latter difference remained when LVET was adjusted for heart rate. Echocardiographic E-point to septal separation was increased in @entity1 (8.3 +/- 1.3 vs 4.8 +/- 0.3 mm, P = 0.001), also after adjustment for LV dimension (P = 0.0001), while septal fractional thickening was decreased (P less than 0.01). End systolic wall stress (P = 0.0002) and stress to volume ratio (P = 0.03) were lower in @entity785 . Peak LV emptying rate was also lower in the @entity1 group when measured by echocardiography (P = 0.03). There was no difference between groups regarding LV dimensions, fractional @entity3207 or mean velocity of circumferential fibre @entity3207 . While aortic Doppler peak emptying rate did not differ between groups, it occurred later in systole in the @entity1 group (P less than 0.01) as did peak velocity (P = 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Non-invasive assessment of systolic left ventricular function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['systolic impairment']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This is to present reversible @entity75 in @entity868 -induced @entity75 , to focus on the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2005 to September 2007, 8 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ) were diagnosed as having @entity868 -induced @entity75 (age range; 43-78 years). They had been taking @entity868 (total dosage, 45-120 g; duration, 30 days to 2 months) to treat the @entity281 in various organs. Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained after the hospitalization, including DWI (8/8), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map (4/8), FLAIR (7/8), and T2-weighted image (8/8). Follow-up MRIs were performed on 5 @entity1 from third to 14th days after discontinuation of @entity868 administration. Findings of initial and follow-up MRIs were retrospectively evaluated by 2 neuroradiologists by consensus, to analyze the presence of abnormal signal intensities, their locations, and signal changes on follow-up images. RESULTS: Initial MRIs showed abnormal high signal intensities on DWI and FLAIR (or T2-weighted image) at the dentate nucleus (8/8), inferior colliculus (6/8), corpus callosum (2/8), pons (2/8), medulla (1/8), and bilateral cerebral white matter (1/8). High-signal intensity lesions on DWI tended to show low signal intensity on ADC map (3/4), but in one @entity1 , high signal intensity was shown at bilateral dentate nuclei on not only DWI but also ADC map. All the lesions in dentate, inferior colliculus, pons, and medullas had been resolved completely on follow-up MRIs in 5 @entity1 , but in 1 @entity1 of them, corpus @entity75 persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Reversible @entity75 could be considered as the characteristic for @entity868 -induced @entity75 , next to the dentate nucleus involvement.

title: Reversible XXXX in @entity868 -induced @entity75 : magnetic resonance findings on diffusion-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior colliculus lesions', 'callosal lesion', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['inferior colliculus lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation of elevated serum Alpha feto-protein with @entity5 size in @entity157 . METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was done at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Medical Unit-III, Ward-7 from January 2009 to June 2010. @entity1 enrolled in study were known cases of @entity409 and were complicated by development of @entity157 ; those having @entity3 in liver from any where were excluded. Demographic data such as age, gender, residence, were recorded. Detailed clinical history and examination were carried out and recorded in a preformed Performa. Complete blood count, liver function test, total protein, Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio, serum Albumin, HBsAg, anti HCV, alpha fetoprotein, ultrasound guided liver biopsy, ultrasound whole abdomen and/or CTscan Abdomen for size and number of @entity5 were also done. On the basis of alfa fetoprotein level @entity1 were divided in to 3 groups; Group I with normal @entity160 (< or = 20IU/ml), Group II with moderately elevated @entity160 (20-399IU/ml), and Group III with markedly elevated @entity160 (> or =400 iu/ml). On the basis of @entity5 size @entity1 were also divided in to 3 groups; group A <3 cm, group B 3-5 cm and group C >5 cm. Correlation of serum @entity160 levels with @entity5 size was analyzed by applying Spearman's rank correlation with r-values of 0.01 being considered significant. RESULTS: Review of the clinical data of 98 @entity1 male 69 (70.4%) and female were 29 (29.6%) with mean age of 53.89 +/- 12.511 ranging from 32 to 82 years was done. Of these there were 22 (22.4%), 25 (25.5%), 51(52%) cases in group 1, 2, 3 respectively. While in @entity5 size groups, 17 (17.3%) were in group A, 35 (35.7%) in group B and 46 (46.9%) in group C. There was a significant correlation of serum @entity160 level with @entity5 size in @entity157 . (r=0.472, 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that serum @entity160 has significant correlation with the size of @entity5 . @entity160 level may serve as a useful marker for @entity157 and to differentiate between early and advance stage. On the basis of this proper treatment strategy can be planned.

title: Corelation of serum alpha fetoprotein and @entity5 size in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'detection of Hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: A case of @entity189 containing micropapillary variant in the urinary bladder is reported. The @entity150 isa rare variant of @entity189 and has an aggressive clinical course. A 45-year-old @entity1 complained of @entity811 in October, 2009. He visited a hospital and was diagnosed with a @entity150 . Transurethral resection of the @entity150 was performed at the hospital. The transurethral resection demonstrated poorly differentiated @entity420 invading the bladder muscle layer. Then he consulted our hospital. Our pathologist diagnosed the case as micropapillary variant of @entity189 in the urinary bladder. Accordingly, radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph nodes dissection were performed. After the operation, he received three courses of @entity136 and @entity900 as adjuvant chemotherapy. The @entity1 remains free of @entity5 recurrence and @entity3 for 28 months after the cystectomy.

title: [A case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'micropapillary bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['micropapillary bladder carcinoma']


abstract: The presence of serum immunoglobulins (Ig) blocking @entity4545 -induced adrenal DNA synthesis and/or @entity701 production was studied in 25 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity5343 . For this purpose @entity840 adrenal segments kept in organ culture were exposed to @entity4545 and graded concentrations of patient IgG. After a 5-h culture period the @entity701 present in the culture fluid was measured by RIA, and DNA synthesis in the adrenal cells was measured using Feulgen densitometry on frozen sections of the cultured adrenal segments. Addition of @entity4545 alone in concentrations of 0.1-10 pmol/L to the culture system stimulated in vitro @entity701 secretion; the maximal stimulation was 63 +/- 35% (+/- SD; n = 5) at a concentration 0.1 pmol/L. @entity4545 also increased (in concentrations of 1 fmol/L to 1 pmol/L) the percentage of fasciculata cells in S-phase from 0-4% (nonstimulated) to 5-12%. IgG preparations from all but 2 of the 25 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity5343 blocked these in vitro @entity4545 -induced adrenal responses in a dose-dependent fashion. IgG from 2 @entity1 with @entity378 , 1 @entity1 with secondary @entity1887 , and 7 normal subjects had no blocking activity. Among 5 non-Addisonian @entity792 @entity1 who had adrenal cytoplasmic autoantibodies, 4 had no @entity4545 -blocking IgGs. Two of 9 @entity1 with miscellaneous @entity74 ( @entity699 , @entity2118 , and adrenal nodules) had @entity4545 -blocking activity. These results demonstrate the existence of IgGs blocking the in vitro effects of @entity4545 and suggest their involvement in the pathogenesis of idiopathic @entity5343 .

title: Immunoglobulins of XXXX with idiopathic @entity5343 block the in vitro action of adrenocorticotropin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented adrenal micronodular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal disorders']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous adrenalitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune endocrinopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The molecular identification and histopathology are described for the parasitic larvae of a @entity2199 species present in the abdominal cavity of @entity12178 ( @entity12178 ) grilse caught in fish traps on their natal river in the west of Ireland and post-smolts collected during experimental trawls on the continental shelf edge of the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Larvae in the adult and juvenile salmon were identified as @entity1542 sensu stricto by PCR amplification and RFLP and sequencing of the ITS gene and PCR amplification and sequencing of the @entity31892 gene. Parasitic @entity2199 larvae in the grilse were either encapsulated in the abdominal mesentery associated with the pyloric ceca or on the serosal surface of the liver and in the vent region. In some fish, larvae were found in the parenchyma of the liver and muscularis circularis of the intestine. In general, the larvae induced a limited cellular response apart from the occurrence of focal melanin macrophage aggregates and individual eosinophilic granular cells in the connective tissue capsule. Melanin macrophage aggregates were also present among the hepatocytes adjacent to encapsulated larvae in the liver. The reaction to the parasites was more severe in the wall of the intestine. Encapsulated @entity2199 larvae caused displacement, vacuolation, and @entity39 of the circular muscle fibers. The stratum compactum was also disrupted with focal areas of degeneration. Overall, the intestinal wall had a hypercellular appearance with extensive cellular infiltration comprising eosinophilic granular cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibrocytes. The post-smolts were caught in May during the early oceanic phase of their life cycle. In these fish, A. simplex sensu stricto larvae were found lying free on the serosal surface of the intestine and liver without any apparent histologic changes. This is the earliest in the marine migration of @entity12178 that A. simplex sensu stricto infection has been recorded.

title: Anisakid larvae in XXXX ( @entity12178 L.) grilse and post-smolts: molecular identification and histopathology.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon', 'Salmo salar']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Atlantic salmon']


abstract: The relation among passive electrical resistive properties, longitudinal conduction velocity, extracellular @entity972 concentration, [K+]o, and mechanical activity was investigated in the isolated @entity95 papillary muscle during normal arterial perfusion and no-flow @entity63 in the presence and absence of @entity1855 , or a reduced extracellular @entity141 concentration [ @entity141 ]o. During normal arterial perfusion, @entity1855 (0.5 microM, free [ @entity141 ]o = 1.0 mM) and @entity14645 blood perfusate (free [ @entity141 ]o = 0.4 mM) reduced the maximal isometric twitch @entity2701 by 48% and 78%, depolarized the resting membrane by +3 and +7 mV, decreased the extracellular longitudinal resistance (ro) by 15% and 26%, and increased conduction velocity by 4% and 6%, respectively. The changes in conduction velocity during these interventions were consistent with those predicted by linear cable theory (+3% and +9%) for the observed changes in ro. In contrast, @entity1855 shortened whereas a reduced [ @entity141 ]o lengthened action potential duration. Comparison of simultaneously measured longitudinal whole tissue resistance (rt), intracellular longitudinal resistance (ri), [K+]o, and resting @entity2701 during @entity63 showed a close association between abrupt cell-to-cell electrical uncoupling, development of @entity5649 , and the secondary rise of [K+]o, which all started to develop after approximately 15 minutes of @entity63 . Electrical cell-to-cell uncoupling was completed within 15 minutes. In the presence of @entity1855 , the relation among the onset of electrical cell-to-cell uncoupling, secondary rise of [K+]o, and onset of @entity5649 in @entity63 was qualitatively the same as in its absence; however, these events were postponed by approximately 10 minutes, and the rates of contracture development and uncoupling were diminished. Conduction velocity decreased after 12 minutes of @entity63 from 54 to 36 cm/sec in the absence of and from 61 to 46 cm/sec in the presence of @entity1855 . This slowing effect on impulse conduction could not be attributed to changes of electrical cell-to-cell coupling because at this time an increase in ri had not yet taken place. In the presence of a reduced [ @entity141 ]o, the resting @entity2701 and ri increased almost immediately after the onset of @entity63 . Although the resting @entity2701 rose progressively throughout the course of @entity63 , the ri showed a biphasic increase characterized by an early transient increase that reached a peak at 8 minutes (+87%) and a second, irreversible increase beginning at approximately 12 minutes. This final onset of electrical cell-to-cell uncoupling and the secondary rise of [K+]o were not different from the findings with a normal [ @entity141 ]o.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Passive electrical properties, mechanical activity, and extracellular @entity972 in arterially perfused and ischemic XXXX ventricular muscle. Effects of calcium entry blockade or hypocalcemia.

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and acetylcholinesterase ( @entity10810 ) are main components in cholinergic nervous system. @entity1617 is a natural constituent of many parts of the nervous system and its chief role is neurotransmission. It is not entirely unique in function to the cholinergic tissues of the @entity1 body. Gingiva is the part of the oral mucosa which contains numerous mast cells. They contain a variety of biologically active substances including neurotransmitters such as @entity750 , @entity112 etc. In the dental literature accessible to authors no data were found on @entity1617 and @entity10810 in the different oral structures in health and inflamed conditions. Therefore gingiva samples from 50 @entity1 individuals representing varying grades of inflammatory involvement have been utilised in the present study. @entity1617 and @entity10810 were estimated in the gingiva tissues by flurometric and spectrophotometric methods. This study established hithero unknown "norms" for the @entity1617 and @entity10810 contents of the clinically normal gingiva, which are found to be 0.85 +/- 0.06(SE) ug/g and 210 +/- 18(SE) micromoles @entity1617 hydrolysed/hr/gm/wet tissues. Results also revealed that the range of variations of @entity1617 is high and @entity10810 is low in all the inflamed states of gingival tissues.

title: Cholinergic components in XXXX gingiva in healthy and inflamed states.

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The greater lubricity and resistance to scratching of oxidized @entity8463 femoral components are expected to result in less @entity691 wear than @entity1953 -chrome femoral components. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We examined @entity691 wear particles in synovial fluid and compared the weight, size (equivalent circle diameter), and shape (aspect ratio) of @entity691 wear particles in knees with an oxidized @entity8463 femoral component with those in knees with a @entity1953 -chrome femoral component. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred @entity1 received an oxidized @entity8463 femoral component in one knee and a @entity1953 -chrome femoral component in the other. There were 73 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 with a mean age of 55.6 years (range, 44-60 years). The minimum followup was 5 years (mean, 5.5 years; range, 5-6 years). @entity691 wear particles were analyzed using thermogravimetric methods and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The weight of @entity691 wear particles produced at the bearing surface was 0.0223 +/- 0.0054 g in 1 g synovial fluid in @entity1 with an oxidized @entity8463 femoral component and 0.0228 +/- 0.0062 g in @entity1 with a @entity1953 -chrome femoral component. Size and shape of @entity691 wear particles were 0.59 +/- 0.05 microm and 1.21 +/- 0.24, respectively, in the @entity1 with an oxidized @entity8463 femoral component and 0.52 +/- 0.03 microm and 1.27 +/- 0.31, respectively, in the @entity1 with a @entity1953 -chrome femoral component. Knee Society knee and function scores, radiographic results, and complication rate were similar between the knees with an oxidized @entity8463 and @entity1953 -chrome femoral component. CONCLUSIONS: The weight, size, and shape of @entity691 wear particles were similar in the knees with an oxidized @entity8463 and a @entity1953 -chrome femoral component. We found the theoretical advantages of this surface did not provide the actual advantage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, therapeutic study. See the guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Weight of XXXX wear particles is similar in TKAs with oxidized @entity8463 and @entity1953 -chrome prostheses.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene', 'polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8463 :: ('MESH:D015040', 'Chemical') :: ['zirconium']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + Tregs suppress autoimmune responses. In addition, they limit T cell responses during @entity281 , thereby minimizing T cell-dependent immunopathology. We sought to investigate how Tregs are regulated in the livers of @entity1 chronically infected with @entity3531 , where they control the balance between an adequate protective immune response and suppression of immunopathology. We found that, despite accumulating and proliferating at sites of infection in the livers of @entity1 chronically infected with @entity3531 , Tregs were relatively less expanded than @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 - effector T cells. The relative lower expansion of intrahepatic Tregs coincided with their upregulation of @entity8395 ( @entity8395 ). @entity8395 expression inversely correlated with both Treg proliferation and clinical markers of immune suppression in vivo. Consistent with the possibility that @entity8395 controls Tregs, blockade of the interaction between @entity8395 and @entity4634 ( @entity4634 ) enhanced the in vitro expansion and function of Tregs isolated from the livers of @entity1 chronically infected with @entity3531 . Blockade of the interaction between @entity4634 and @entity7938 also improved the proliferation of these cells. Interestingly, both @entity8395 and phosphorylated @entity11715 were overexpressed in intrahepatic Tregs in a parallel fashion in steady disease conditions, and in an alternate-fluctuating fashion during the course of severe @entity99 reactivation. Notably, @entity4634 blockade upregulated @entity11715 phosphorylation in Tregs ex vivo. These data suggest that @entity4634 negatively regulates Tregs at sites of chronic @entity32 by controlling @entity11715 phosphorylation.

title: XXXX negatively regulates @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + Tregs by limiting @entity11715 phosphorylation in @entity1 chronically infected with @entity3531 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4634 :: ('29126', 'Gene') :: ['PD-L1', 'programmed death-1 ligand 1']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity4634 :: (29126,Gene) :: ['PD-L1']


abstract: @entity29835 ( @entity29836 ) was found to have antitumour activities through topoisomerase inhibition. However, the type of cell death induced in the @entity5 cells treated with @entity29836 was not elucidated. In this study, @entity29836 and @entity9800 were isolated from Nothapodytes foetida distributed in Hubei Province, China and identified by NMR spectroscopy. @entity29836 was tested by the @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay using @entity9800 as reference. @entity10440 - @entity2823 / @entity2667 double staining and real-time PCR were also performed. The IC50 value was (0.385 +/- 0.08) microM. The apoptosis rates increased from 9.5% to 17.27%, 30.14%, and 66.46% with an increase in @entity29836 concentrations from 0, 0.19, 0.38, to 0.95 microM, respectively. The ratio of @entity1380 / @entity1379 also increased from 1 to 1.61, 2.43, and 4.57, respectively. @entity1380 and @entity1379 are crucial to the mitochondria pathway. The results indicate that the mitochondria pathway may be involed in @entity29836 -induced @entity19 @entity242 S180 apoptosis.

title: @entity29835 from Nothapodytes foetida induces apoptosis in @entity19 XXXX S180 cells.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity29835 :: ('MESH:C025724', 'Chemical') :: ['9-Methoxycamptothecin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: @entity1911 , @entity6648 , express an abundance of @entity5100 ). To assess further the potential for @entity5100 to play an autocrine role for these @entity5 , we measured 1) @entity5100 content by RRA in 7 @entity1911 and peripheral blood in these @entity1 , 2) @entity5100 receptors by Western analysis, and 3) characterized the @entity5 binding proteins by ligand blot studies. @entity5100 levels in the @entity5 varied from 2.8-41 micrograms/g. Chromatography revealed that 60% of the peptide eluted as a large mol wt form of @entity5100 (8.7-10 kDa); the remainder coeluted with mature peptide (7.5 kDa). This was in contrast to @entity5100 levels in normal adrenal tissue (0.225 +/- 0.005 micrograms/g) or another neural crest-derived @entity5 , @entity189 of the thyroid (0.63 +/- 0.02 micrograms/g). Serum @entity5100 levels in the 7 @entity1 with @entity1911 (720 +/- 71 ng/mL) were similar to those in 35 normal controls (762 +/- 69 ng/mL). Radiolabeled @entity5100 (9 +/- 1%) and @entity442 (20 +/- 2%) bound specifically to @entity1911 membranes. Western analysis of these membranes using a specific antiserum directed against the type II receptor demonstrated a band at 210 kDa. Affinity cross-linking studies with [125I] @entity442 demonstrated a specific band at 140 kDa. Ligand blot analysis was performed on the void volume pools from the Sephadex G-75 column and demonstrated bands at about 30 and 25 kDa. In conclusion, these data 1) confirm that @entity1911 have increased levels of @entity5100 ; 2) demonstrate that despite high @entity5100 concentrations in the @entity5 , peripheral levels are not elevated, suggesting that very little tumoral @entity5100 is released into the circulation, unlike @entity2661 ; 3) demonstrate the presence of @entity5100 and @entity442 receptors; 4) describe binding protein species similar to those present in other tissues. Thus, the presence of high levels of @entity5100 and both type I and type II receptors suggests that @entity5100 may act through both receptors to alter @entity5 growth.

title: Insulin-like growth factor-II: possible local growth factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas', 'Pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II', 'IGF II', 'IGF-II']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['neural crest tumors']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: Growth-restricted fetuses are at risk for a variety of lifelong medical conditions. Preeclampsia, a life-threatening @entity101 disorder of pregnancy, is associated with fetuses who suffer from @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). Recently, emerging evidence indicates that preeclamptic @entity1 harbor @entity1129 (1) receptor agonistic autoantibodies ( @entity1129 (1)-AAs) that contribute to the disease features. However, the exact role of @entity1129 (1)-AAs in @entity1592 and the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. We report that these autoantibodies are present in the cord blood of @entity1 with @entity1468 and retain the ability to activate @entity1129 (1) receptors. Using an autoantibody-induced animal model of @entity1468 , we show that @entity1129 (1)-AAs cross the @entity19 placenta, enter fetal circulation, and lead to small fetuses with organ @entity851 . @entity1129 (1)-AAs also induce apoptosis in the placentas of pregnant @entity19 , @entity1 villous explants, and @entity1 trophoblast cells. Finally, autoantibody-induced @entity1592 and placental apoptosis are diminished by either @entity9886 or an autoantibody-neutralizing peptide. Thus, these studies identify @entity1129 (1)-AA as a novel causative factor of @entity1468 -associated @entity1592 and offer two possible underlying mechanisms: a direct detrimental effect on fetal development by crossing the placenta and entering fetal circulation, and indirectly through @entity1129 (1)-AA-induced @entity16 . Our findings highlight @entity1129 (1)-AAs as important therapeutic targets.

title: The detrimental role of angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies in @entity1592 seen in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['placental damage']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: Intersphincteric resection (ISR) is the ultimate sphincter saving procedure for low @entity5 . @entity6713 are a common benign condition. We present and discuss a case of ISR which developed @entity158 @entity4 after ISR. A 62-year-old female with low @entity5 received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with successful down staging of @entity5 before undergoing robot assisted ISR with coloanal hand-sewn @entity254 . She had pre-existing external @entity6713 which were not excised. She developed @entity158 and @entity4 4 days after surgery. These were treated conservatively before discharge. Many colorectal surgeons performing ISR have experienced similar situations in their @entity1 , but none have reported on this phenomenon. We discuss the possible factors that may contribute to this situation. A possible solution is prophylactic excision of the @entity6713 during coloanal @entity254 . @entity158 may occur after ISR and if managed conservatively, the outcome is @entity272 .

title: @entity4 and @entity158 following intersphincteric resection for low XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous external hemorrhoids', 'edematous hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin tags']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Painful hemorrhoids', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids', 'Hemorrhoids']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity1442 associated with @entity135 warrants @entity146 , often multi-modality therapy to maximize local-regional control. The expansion of a novel treatment paradigm developed by our institution includes the addition of a single-fraction of high dose spatially-fractionated radiation ( @entity29296 ) to a conventional course of treatment. Between 1995 and 2002 a series of 27 @entity1 (median age 65) with bulky N2-3 disease were treated. Median @entity5 size was 7 cm. Two groups of @entity1 were evaluated. Group 1 (N=14) @entity1 received a median neck dose 69 Gy (range 54-79 Gy) plus @entity29296 treatment. Group 2 (N=13) @entity1 received a median neck dose of 59 Gy (range 54-72 Gy) plus @entity29296 treatment followed by planned neck dissection. @entity1 were evaluated for local-regional control, pathological response, survival, and morbidity. Median time to follow-up for Group 1 was 10 months (range 3-44 months). Neck control was 93%. Disease specific survival was 50%. Morbidity was limited to soft-tissue related damage and was mild. Median time to follow-up for Group 2 was 38 months (range 5-116 months). Pathologic complete response rate was 85%. Overall neck control rate was 92%. Disease specific survival was 85%. Surgical morbidity was limited to three wound healing complications. @entity29296 treatment may be safely added to conventional treatment management of locally @entity1442 related to @entity5 with acceptable morbidity. It may improve pathologic complete response rates in those @entity1 who undergo planned neck dissection, possibly leading to improved survival. In @entity1 with inoperable bulky disease, addition of @entity29296 enhances local-regional control.

title: Spatially fractionated @entity29296 radiation treatment of XXXX associated with @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'nodal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced neck disease', 'Advanced nodal disease']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advanced neck disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ultrasonographic study is useful for decision making of treatment for focal @entity16 with unusual electrodiagnostic findings. We present a @entity1 with severe @entity697 with sensory sparing around the distal arm secondary to twisting of the radial nerve following blunt @entity130 . A 24-year-old @entity1 with a 2-week history of left wrist drop and severe @entity158 around the left elbow presented after hitting the left distal arm on the doorknob. The left wrist and finger extensions were grade 0, but elbow extension could not be tested because of severe @entity158 during this action. The left superficial radial sensory territory was intact. Electrodiagnostic findings suggested severe @entity16 around the distal arm with sensory sparing. Ultrasonographic study demonstrated 2 stenotic lesions around the distal arm and absence of the left superficial radial sensory nerve. Surgical exploration revealed 2 stenotic lesions with twisting of the nerve, concordant with ultrasonographic study. End-to-end @entity254 was performed in the proximal lesion. Sixteen months later, wrist and finger extension was grade 3, and reinnervation signs in the radial-innervated muscles except extensor indicis muscle were observed. The complementary relationship between electrophysiologic and ultrasonographic examinations is very important for precise lesion location and decision making for treatment of @entity1897 .

title: Ultrasonographic and Surgical Findings of Acute XXXX Following @entity130 : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute radial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['left radial neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Radial Neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity5786 ( @entity5786 ) Residency In-Training Exam is a formative exam for Canadian @entity146 residents that was reconstructed using assessment best practices. An assessment of psychometric properties was subsequently performed on the exam to ensure preliminary validity and reliability. METHODS: An exam blueprint was developed based on the 2007 Royal College objectives for @entity146 training. A minimum pass level was established using a modified Angoff method. The exam was administered to all Canadian @entity146 residents in postgraduate years 2 to 5 with test reliability (Cronbach alpha) and item analysis performed. Exam validity was assessed through blueprint adherence and cross-year resident performance analysis. RESULTS: Four hundred two exams were suitable for analysis. The overall mean score for all residents was 69.6% (SD=8.5) with significant differences in total scores between each of the postgraduate year groups, with consistently better performance with increasing time in residency. Cronbach alpha was 0.79. CONCLUSION: The present study provides preliminary support that the reconstructed @entity5786 Residency In-Training Exam demonstrates adequate reliability and validity, including showing the capacity to discriminate between levels of training.

title: The @entity5786 ( XXXX ) Residency In-Training Exam: a preliminary psychometric assessment.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5786 :: ('11316', 'Gene') :: ['COPE', 'Coordinators of Psychiatric Education']

answer: @entity5786 :: (11316,Gene) :: ['COPE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity5201 -I (PH-I) is a serious @entity209 resulting in @entity454 . Pre-emptive liver transplantation (PLT) for PH-I is an option for @entity1 with early diagnosis. There is still little information on its effect on long-term renal function in this situation. METHODS: Long-term assessment of renal function was conducted using Schwartz's formula (estimated glomerular filtration rate- @entity470 ) in four @entity1 (Group A) undergoing PLT between 2002 and 2008, and a comparison was done with eight gender- and sex-matched controls (Group B) having liver transplantation for other indications. RESULTS: All @entity1 received a liver graft from a deceased donor. Median follow-up for the two groups was 64 and 94 months, respectively. One @entity1 in Group A underwent re-transplantation due to @entity715 , while acute rejection was seen in one. A significant difference was seen in @entity470 at transplant (81 vs 148 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) with greater functional impairment seen in the study population. In Group A, renal function reduced by 21 and 11% compared with 37 and 35% in Group B at 12 and 24 months, respectively. At 2 years post-transplantation, there was no significant difference in @entity470 between the two groups (72 vs 100 mL/min/1.73 m(2), respectively; P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Renal function remains relatively stable following pre-emptive LTx for PH-I. With early diagnosis of PH-I, isolated liver transplantation may prevent progression to @entity454 and the need for renal transplantation.

title: Pre-emptive liver transplantation for primary XXXX (PH-I) arrests long-term renal function deterioration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5201 :: ('MESH:D006959', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxaluria']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity5201 :: (MESH:D006959,Disease) :: ['hyperoxaluria']


abstract: The cleavage of double-stranded (ds) RNA by ribonuclease III is a conserved early step in bacterial rRNA maturation. Studies on the mechanism of dsRNA cleavage by RNase III have focused mainly on the enzymes from mesophiles such as @entity526 . In contrast, neither the catalytic properties of extremophile RNases III nor the structures and reactivities of their cognate substrates have been described. The biochemical behavior of RNase III of the hyperthermophilic bacterium @entity10031 was analyzed using purified recombinant enzyme. @entity10031 (Tm) RNase III catalytic activity exhibits a broad optimal temperature range of approximately 40-70 degrees C, with significant activity at 95 degrees C. Tm-RNase III cleavage of substrate is optimally supported by @entity1025 at >or=1 mM concentrations. @entity3281 , @entity515 , and @entity3411 also support activity but with reduced efficiencies. The enzyme functions optimally at pH 8 and approximately 50-80 mM salt concentrations. Small RNA hairpins that incorporate the 16S and 23S pre-rRNA stem sequences are efficiently cleaved by Tm-RNase III at sites that are consistent with production in vivo of the immediate precursors to the mature rRNAs. Analysis of pre-23S substrate variants reveals a dependence of reactivity on the base-pair (bp) sequence in the proximal box (pb), a site of protein contact that functions as a positive recognition determinant for @entity526 (Ec) RNase III substrates. The dependence of reactivity on the pb sequence is similar to that observed with Ec-RNase III substrates. In fact, Tm-RNase III cleaves an Ec-RNase III substrate with identical specificity and is inhibited by antideterminant bp that also inhibit Ec-RNase III. These results indicate the conservation, across a broad phylogenetic distance, of positive and negative determinants of reactivity of bacterial RNase III substrates.

title: XXXX ribonuclease III. Characterization of thermostable biochemical behavior and analysis of conserved base pairs that function as reactivity epitopes for the @entity10031 23S rRNA precursor.

entities_list: @entity10031 :: ('2336', 'Species') :: ['Thermotoga maritima', 'T. maritima']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity10031 :: (2336,Species) :: ['Thermotoga maritima']


abstract: @entity75 is an unusual but important cause of @entity360 . The study retrospectively reviewed 29 @entity1 (2.1%) with @entity75 of 1393 acute nonvariceal @entity360 episodes from October 1999 to May 2001. Nineteen @entity1 (66%) were male and the median age was 62 years (range, 19 to 86 years). Two @entity1 underwent emergent surgery after endoscopic diagnosis. The other @entity1 were allocated to four therapeutic endoscopic groups: group I, @entity1425 injection (11 @entity1 ); group II, @entity1425 injection plus heater probe coagulation (10 @entity1 ); group III, histoacryl injection (4 @entity1 ); and group IV, hemoclipping (2 @entity1 ). Initial treatment failure ocurred in three @entity1 (all in group I) and they received surgery, hemoclipping, or band ligation as salvage therapy, respectively. Among those who achieved initial hemostasis, recurrent @entity548 developed in two @entity1 (all in group I) and was successfully controlled by endoscopic injection plus thermal therapy. No complication was noted after endoscopic treatment. Group II had a significantly higher successful hemostasis rate than group I (100 vs 54%; P = 0.02). One @entity1 in the therapeutic endoscopy groups died during admission, for a mortality rate of 3.7%. @entity1 were followed up from 6 to 36 months and no further @entity548 was noted. The results suggest that @entity1425 injection plus heater probe coagulation was significantly superior to @entity1425 injection alone in achieving hemostasis. Histoacryl injection, hemoclipping, and endoscopic band ligation were safe and effective alternate therapies.

title: Endoscopic management of @entity75 in acute nonvariceal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Dieulafoy lesions', 'Dieulafoy lesion']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: The arena of cellular immunotherapy is an emerging field of study. The field has strong foundations in numerous @entity5 models, which provide avenues of research for refinements in @entity1 immunotherapy. Experience from a number of research centers can be generalized: LAK cell trials in @entity1 have demonstrated that PBMCs activated with @entity1199 possess reproducible antitumor activity in vitro. Exogenous @entity1199 administration to @entity1 is required to maintain the biologic activity of the activated cells, although the requirement for LAK cells in @entity5 like @entity320 is not clear-cut. Overall, the response rate to immunotherapy in @entity1 is approximately 30%. The @entity137 of immunotherapy, which is related to the dose of systemic @entity1199 , can be significantly reduced. The next generation of trials of cellular immunotherapy in @entity1 will use TILs. @entity19 experiments indicate that this population of cells is more powerful and potentially more specific for @entity5 than LAK cells. Like LAK cells, TILs also require exogenous @entity1199 for optimum performance in vivo. The difficulty in reproducible TIL growth can be overcome by the use of monoclonal antibody activation and @entity1199 . Improvements in TIL therapy are anticipated from the use of TILs combined with hybrid antibodies, the addition of other biologic response modifiers, and the implementation of genetically engineered cells and cell products.

title: The role of @entity1199 in XXXX immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'animal tumor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Dietary gluten influences the development of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and a gluten-free (GF) diet has a protective effect on the development of @entity1723 . Gluten may influence @entity1723 due to its direct effect on intestinal immunity; however, these mechanisms have not been adequately studied. We studied the effect of a GF diet compared to a gluten-containing standard (STD) diet on selected T cell subsets, associated with regulatory functions as well as proinflammatory Th17 cells, in BALB/c @entity19 . Furthermore, we assessed diet-induced changes in the expression of various T cell markers, and determined if changes were confined to intestinal or non-intestinal lymphoid compartments. The gluten-containing STD diet led to a significantly decreased proportion of y   T cells in all lymphoid compartments studied, although an increase was detected in some y   T cell subsets (CD8(+), CD103(+)). Further, it decreased the proportion of @entity1961 (+)CD62L(+) T cells in Peyer's patches. Interestingly, no diet-induced changes were found among @entity1961 (+)Foxp3(+) T cells or @entity5168 (+) @entity9982 (+)cells (NKT cells) and @entity5168 (-) @entity9982 (+) (NK) cells. @entity19 fed the STD diet showed increased proportions of @entity1961 (+)CD45RB(high+) and CD103(+) T cells and a lower proportion of @entity1961 (+)CD45RB(low+) T cells in both mucosal and non-mucosal compartments. The Th17 cell population, associated with the development of @entity792 , was substantially increased in pancreatic lymph nodes of @entity19 fed the STD diet. Collectively, our data indicate that dietary gluten influences multiple regulatory T cell subsets as well as Th17 cells in mucosal lymphoid tissue while fewer differences were observed in non-mucosal lymphoid compartments.

title: Impact of dietary gluten on regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in BALB/c XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine whether responses of the basilar artery are altered during chronic @entity101 . We measured the diameter of the basilar artery using intravital microscopy in normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). @entity934 (10 microM) dilated the basilar artery by 25 +/- 4% (means +/- SE) in WKY but by only 2 +/- 2% in SHR. @entity1812 (1.0 microM) dilated the basilar artery by 12 +/- 1% in WKY, but did not alter diameter in SHR (-0.1 +/- 2%). In contrast, @entity1242 produced similar vasodilatation in WKY and SHR. Next, we examined the possibility that impaired vasodilatation in SHR may be related to the production of a cyclooxygenase constrictor substance. @entity3352 (10 mg/kg iv) did not restore vasodilatation in response to @entity934 and @entity1812 in SHR. Finally, we examined the role of @entity842 in dilatation of the basilar artery in response to @entity934 and @entity1812 in WKY. @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ; 1.0 microM) had little effect on baseline diameter but inhibited vasodilation in response to @entity934 and @entity1812 . Vasodilatation in response to @entity1242 was not altered by @entity7293 . These findings suggest a profound impairment of endothelium-dependent dilatation of the basilar artery during chronic @entity101 . In addition, impaired vasodilatation is not related to the production of a cyclooxygenase constrictor substance. Furthermore, dilatation of the basilar artery in WKY in response to @entity934 and @entity1812 appears to be related to the production of @entity842 or a substance capable of liberating @entity842 .

title: Impairment of endothelium-dependent dilatation of basilar artery during chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['Bradykinin', 'bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity32 and oxidative stress are associated with health and the disease status. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association among @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) counts, neutrophil counts as a @entity1503 subpopulation, and diacron reactive @entity26 metabolites (d-ROMs) levels in an asymptomatic population. METHODS: The clinical data, including general cardiovascular risk variables and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were collected from 100 female subjects (mean age, 62 years) in outpatient clinics. The correlation of the d-ROMs with hs-CRP, @entity1503 , and neutrophil counts was examined. RESULTS: The mean/median levels were @entity1503 counts 5.9   10(9)/L, neutrophil counts 3.6   10(9)/L, hs-CRP 0.06 mg/dL, and d-ROMs 359 CURR U. A simple correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation of the d-ROMs with the @entity1503 counts, neutrophil counts, or hs-CRP levels. The correlation between d-ROMs and neutrophil counts (b = 0.22, P < 0.05), as well as that between d-ROMs and hs-CRP (b = 0.28, P < 0.01), remained significant and independent in a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for other variables. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that @entity1503 counts had only a positive correlation tendency to the d-ROMs. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils may be slightly but more involved in the oxidative stress status, as assessed by d-ROMs, in comparison to the overall @entity1503 . Further studies are needed to clarify the biologic mechanism(s) of the observed relationship.

title: White Blood Cells, Neutrophils, and Reactive XXXX Metabolites among Asymptomatic Subjects.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['white blood cell', 'WBC']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide a clinical update on Graves' @entity1378 and pregnancy with a focus on treatment with antithyroid drugs. METHODS: We searched the English-language literature for studies published between 1929 and 2009 related to management of @entity1378 in pregnancy. In this review, we discuss differential diagnosis of @entity1378 , management, importance of early diagnosis, and importance of achieving proper control to avoid maternal and fetal complications. RESULTS: Diagnosing @entity1378 during pregnancy can be challenging because many of the signs and symptoms are similar to normal physiologic changes that occur in pregnancy. @entity1 with @entity2743 require prompt treatment with antithyroid drugs and should undergo frequent monitoring for signs of fetal and maternal @entity1378 and @entity1375 . Rates of maternal and perinatal complications are directly related to control of @entity1378 in the mother. Thyroid receptor antibodies should be assessed in all @entity1 with @entity1378 to help predict and reduce the risk of @entity2241 or @entity1375 . The maternal @entity1955 level should be kept in the upper third of the reference range or just above normal, using the lowest possible antithyroid drug dosage. @entity1378 may recur in the postpartum period as @entity2743 or postpartum @entity1374 ; thus, it is prudent to evaluate thyroid function 6 weeks after delivery. Preconception counseling, a multidisciplinary approach to care, and @entity1 education regarding potential maternal and fetal complications that can occur with different types of treatment are important. CONCLUSION: Preconception counseling and a multifaceted approach to care by the endocrinologist and the obstetric team are imperative for a successful pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity2743 .

title: XXXX and pregnancy: a clinical update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Graves hyperthyroidism', 'Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal or neonatal hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves hyperthyroidism']