abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of evidence documenting the impact of optimized antibiotic use on the rates of colonization with @entity3397 -nonsusceptible @entity328 (PNSP) in @entity1 . This study evaluates the effect of community-based intervention strategies on the prevalence of pnsp colonization. METHODS: A controlled, population-based pharmacoepidemiological trial was conducted from January through May 2000. Three French geographic areas were selected on the basis of demographic similarities. Two intervention strategies were implemented: (1) reduced antibiotic use, which was achieved by not prescribing antibiotics for presumed viral @entity1729 (the prescription-reduction group); and (2) better adaptation of dose and duration (the dose/duration group). A control group received no intervention. The target population was @entity1 aged 3-6 years who were attending kindergarten. Oropharyngeal pneumococcus colonization and antibiotic use were monitored throughout the 5-month study. RESULTS: The prescription-reduction, dose/duration, and control groups included 601, 483, and 405 @entity1 , respectively. The interventions induced significantly larger decreases in antibiotic use in the prescription-reduction group (-18.8%) and dose/duration group (-17.1%) than in the control group (-3.8%), and the rates of PNSP colonization were initially similar for the 3 groups (52.5%, 55.1%, and 50.0%, respectively). At the end of the 5-month study, the rates of PNSP colonization were 34.5% for the prescription-reduction group (P=.05) and 44.3% for the dose/duration group (P=.8), compared with 46.2% for the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive educational strategies aimed at optimizing antibiotic use can significantly reduce the rate of PNSP colonization in areas with high resistance rates.

title: Reduction of antibiotic use in the community reduces the rate of colonization with XXXX -nonsusceptible @entity328 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity3397 :: (MESH:D010400,Chemical) :: ['penicillin G']


abstract: CONTEXT: The benefit of @entity311 prophylaxis in pregnancy is threatened by emergence of @entity3964 resistance to antimalarial agents for chemoprophylaxis and treatment. AIM: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of @entity4580 (AZ) with @entity1484 (SP) for @entity311 prevention. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective comparative study of antenatal clinic attendees at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. @entity1 were randomised to receive SP or AZ. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were antenatal attendees and Samples for @entity311 were collected and repeated at follow-up visits; maternal peripheral blood film, placental and cord blood samples were collected at delivery. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi-square test and t-test in a per-protocol analysis. RESULTS: Of 200 @entity1 (100 in each group), 166 (83.0%) completed the study: 86 (86.0%) of SP and 80 (80.0%) of AZ groups, respectively (P = 0.26). Four (4.7%) @entity1 who had SP compared to five (6.2%) in AZ group developed @entity311 at mean gestational ages of 30.3    1.56 and 33.0    8.6, respectively (P = 0.56). Positive peripheral, placental and cord blood parasitaemia were found in <= 2% of the @entity1 . Drug tolerability and foetal outcomes were comparable for both groups. CONCLUSION: AZ was comparable to SP for prevention of @entity311 in pregnancy and may be used in @entity1 who do not tolerate SP.

title: A comparative study of XXXX and @entity1484 as prophylaxis against @entity311 in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria parasitaemia', 'malaria']

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['azithromycin']


abstract: PURPOSE: A recent clinical trial in @entity1 with resected node-positive @entity694 demonstrated a clear survival advantage for @entity1 treated with adjuvant @entity1487 and @entity7305 . This finding led to interest in development of a Phase III trial comparing @entity1487 and @entity7305 with @entity1487 , @entity7305 , and radiation therapy in @entity694 @entity1 at high risk for local recurrence. A prospective evaluation of @entity1487 , @entity7305 , and radiation therapy was undertaken with the goal of establishing a satisfactorily tolerated regimen. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifteen @entity1 were studied who had locally advanced or locally recurrent @entity1820 (11 @entity1 ) or @entity5 confined to the pelvis (4 @entity1 ). The @entity5 and regional lymph nodes received 45 Gy in 25 fractions. @entity1 with @entity530 subsequently were treated with a radiation boost of 5.4-9 Gy in 3-5 fractions. Systemic therapy consisted of @entity1487 , 450 mg/m2, given intravenously for 3 consecutive days during the first and last weeks of radiation therapy. @entity7305 , 50 mg, given orally 3 times daily was used for 3 consecutive days concurrent with initiation of radiation therapy and @entity1487 , at the beginning of the third week of radiation therapy, and concurrent with the final 3-day course of @entity1487 . RESULTS: Therapy was generally well tolerated. In two @entity1 , > or = grade 3 nonhematologic @entity137 developed and consisted of transient @entity1744 in one and severe @entity390 and vomiting related to @entity7305 administration in another. One @entity1 experienced grade 3 @entity1503 with a leukocyte count nadir of 1,600 cells/microL. CONCLUSIONS: These results are similar to the @entity137 profile reported elsewhere for radiation therapy and @entity1487 . The addition of @entity7305 to radiation therapy and @entity1487 does not appear to increase @entity137 significantly.

title: Prospective phase I evaluation of radiation therapy, XXXX , and @entity7305 in locally advanced @entity1820 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'large bowel cancer']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['Levamisole', 'levamisole']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['upper abdominal gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection in a left-sided approach for advanced proximal @entity356 . METHODS: The clinical data of 32 @entity1 with advanced proximal @entity356 who underwent laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection from June 2010 to December 2011 were analyzed. RESULTS: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection using a left-sided approach was successfully performed for all @entity1 without open conversion. The mean operation time was 206.4  54.3 minutes, mean intraoperative @entity190 was 68.2  34.1 ml, mean number of No. 10 lymph nodes dissected was 2.8  2.1, mean number of positive No. 10 lymph nodes was 0.6  1.2, and the incidence of No. 10 lymph node @entity3 was 11.6%. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 11.3  1.5 days. The postoperative morbidity rate was 9.4%, and there was no @entity204 . Splenic lobar vessels of all 32 @entity1 were anatomically classified and divided into three types: 4 @entity1 had a single lobar vessel, 22 had two lobar vessels and 6 had three lobar vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection for advanced proximal @entity356 using a left-sided approach is technically feasible. It simplifies the complicated surgical procedure of No. 10 lymph node dissection and leads to the popularization and promotion of this technique.

title: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection for advanced proximal XXXX in left approach: a new operation procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation is less frequently performed in @entity1 when compared to @entity1 . There is conflicting data on the safety and efficacy of @entity955 ablation in @entity1 . The objective of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes in a contemporary cohort of @entity1 and @entity1 undergoing persistent @entity955 ablation procedures. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-two @entity1 and fifty-three @entity1 undergoing a first-ever persistent @entity955 catheter ablation procedure in The Modified Ablation Guided by @entity2780 Use in Chronic @entity955 (MAGIC- @entity955 ) trial were evaluated. Clinical and procedural characteristics were compared between each gender. The primary efficacy endpoint was the 1-year single procedure freedom from @entity943 off anti-arrhythmic drugs. @entity1 undergoing catheter ablation procedures were older than @entity1 (p<0.001). The duration of @entity955 and associated co-morbidities were similar between both genders. Single procedure drug-free @entity943 recurrence occurred in 53% of the cohort with no difference based on gender ( @entity1 = 54%, @entity1 = 53%; p = 1.0). Procedural (p = 0.04), fluoroscopic (p = 0.02) and ablation times (p = 0.003) were shorter in @entity1 compared to @entity1 . Peri-procedural complications and post-ablation improvement in quality of life were similar between @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 undergoing a first-ever persistent @entity955 ablation procedure were older but had similar clinical outcomes and complications when compared with @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Persistent @entity955 Ablation In Females: Insight from the MAGIC- XXXX Trial.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2780 :: ('MESH:C067192', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibutilide']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['AF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses have a high risk of developing @entity484 due to hand disinfection procedures. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the perception of nurses regarding the adverse effects of hand washing (HW) and @entity988 ( @entity988 ), and to obtain data on the prevalence of @entity1909 and sensitization to @entity4313 and @entity167 -based hand rubs (ABHRs). METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey, carried out as a pilot study (PS), followed by a modified multicentre study (MC) in five hospitals. Patch tests to @entity1068 (80%), @entity20856 (60%), @entity5723 (70%) and ABHRs were performed in a subsample. RESULTS: The majority (PS 60.1%; MC 69.5%) of nurses considered @entity988 to be more damaging than HW. Mostly, @entity988 and HW were suspected to have irritant effects ( @entity988 79.2%/52.1%; HW 65.5%/36.2%) compared with an allergenic potential ( @entity988 10.4%/5.8%; HW 7.8%/3.9%). The prevalence of @entity1909 in the MC was 13.4% by self-diagnosis and 22.4% by symptom-based questions. In 50 tested individuals no sensitization and only two irritant reactions to @entity4313 and three single-positive reactions to ABHRs were observed, none of the latter related to @entity4313 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity988 is known to cause less skin irritation than HW, nurses perceive @entity988 as more damaging, resulting in: (i) a low compliance with @entity988 and (ii) a higher prevalence of @entity1909 because the more deleterious HW is preferred. This may result in an @entity3675 and @entity580 . Educational programmes should promote @entity988 as a procedure with good efficiency and skin tolerability to reduce the prevalence of @entity484 in nurses and to enhance compliance with hand hygiene standards.

title: Nurses' perceptions of the benefits and adverse effects of hand disinfection: @entity167 -based hand rubs vs. hygienic handwashing: a multicentre questionnaire study with additional patch testing by the German Contact XXXX Research Group.

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['increase in occupational disease']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic disinfection', 'ADI']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['hand dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['hand eczema']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['Dermatitis']


abstract: Seven @entity4521 addicts were treated with @entity2380 for @entity3225 . All the @entity1 had cutaneous lesions: deep-seated scalp nodules and/or @entity1569 in hairy zones. One @entity1 had an abscess at the venipuncture site. @entity5132 was isolated from all the extraocular sites in all the @entity1 . Five @entity1 were treated with 400 mg of intravenous @entity2380 on the first day, followed by 200 mg (i.v.) for one week and finally 200 mg daily orally for a further two weeks. Two @entity1 were treated exclusively with oral @entity2380 (400 mg on the first day, followed by 200 mg daily for three consecutive weeks). Tolerance to @entity2380 was good and it was not necessary to stop treatment for any @entity1 . All the cutaneous lesions stabilized and healed. The @entity2194 cleared completely in all cases, except in one @entity1 in whom vitrectomy was indicated, and in whom there was a poor response to the exclusive treatment with @entity2380 and associated corticosteroids.

title: @entity2380 in the management of @entity3225 in disseminated candidosis of XXXX addicts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye lesions']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['pustulosis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the failure of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin to increase as it normally does with @entity353 contributes to impaired weight recovery in older @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective diet intervention study. SETTING: University of Washington Medical Center from 2001 through 2005. @entity1 : Twenty-one younger (18-35) and 18 older (> or =70) @entity1 and @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Two weeks of a weight-maintaining diet were followed in sequence by 2 weeks of 30% calorie restriction, then 4 weeks of ad libitum food intake. MEASUREMENTS: Twenty-four-hour plasma ghrelin levels, dual x-ray absorptiometry scan for body composition, resting energy expenditure, and calorie intakes were measured. RESULTS: Both younger and older subjects lost weight with calorie restriction and failed to fully regain their baseline weight. The older adults trended toward increasing their calorie intake above their baseline level during the ad libitum period (111+/-66 kcal, @entity1354 ), whereas the younger individuals did not (-236+/-95 kcal, @entity13676 ). There was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts in 24-hour ghrelin levels before or after calorie restriction. Ghrelin levels in the two cohorts increased equivalently after calorie restriction and decreased after ad libitum food consumption resumed. CONCLUSION: Ghrelin levels in healthy older individuals respond appropriately in a compensatory manner to changes in body weight and calorie intake.

title: Effect of aging on the response of ghrelin to acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: AIM: To study the relationship between @entity219 , insulin-like growth factor ( @entity442 ), osteocalcin and perinatal growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anthropometric variables, serum levels of @entity442 , osteocalcin and @entity219 were measured in preterm (PT) appropriate for gestational age (AGA), full term (FT) small for gestational age (SGA) and FT AGA newborns at birth (n=52), at first week (n=38) and at third week (n=38) of postnatal age. RESULTS: At birth, the FT SGA had lower levels of @entity442 . At the first week after birth, both FT SGA and PT AGA @entity1 had less deposits of subcutaneous fat; FT SGA @entity1 also showed significantly lower osteocalcin and @entity219 levels. At 3 weeks of postnatal life, FT SGA @entity1 continued to show significantly lower @entity219 levels. They had increased their fat deposits so that differences between groups in skinfold measurements failed to be significant. The highest levels of osteocalcin were found in PT AGA @entity1 at the third week after birth. CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal nutrition influences the @entity442 levels. The low concentration of osteocalcin found in SGA @entity1 at first week of life probably reflects decreased bone turnover. During the first weeks of life, there is a progressive decrease in the serum levels of @entity219 , accentuated in the FT SGA group.

title: XXXX and perinatal growth.

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['Zinc']


abstract: BACKGROUND /AIMS: Surgical resection is a radical treatment option for @entity201 . However it is still difficult to cure and @entity1 prognosis is poor. An evaluation of the surgical options and results may elucidate effective treatments. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively examined the demographic characteristics, surgical records and outcome in 64 @entity1 with @entity201 undergoing surgical resections or palliative surgical procedures for the period of 2004-2012. RESULTS: The @entity1 included 43 males and 17 females with a mean age of 61.4      10.4 years (    SD, range 35-81 years). Forty four resections were done - R0-22 cases (34.4%), R1 - 10 (15.6 %) cases, R2 -12 cases (18.7%) and 20 palliative (31.3%) operations were performed. R0 - resection of common bile ducts with right hepatectomy with Sg 1 was done in 8 cases, resection of common hepatic duct with left hepatectomy with Sg 1 in 9 cases and resection of common hepatic duct in 5 cases. The total percentage of postoperative morbidity is 51.5 %. The types of complications are as follows: intra abdominal bleeding 31.25 %, temporary biliary leakage - 26.56 %, leakage of hepatico-jejunostomy  7.81 %, biliary fistula 7.81%, @entity7752 17.18 %, @entity1143 48.13 %, intraabdominal abscess 28.13 %, @entity281 48.3 %. The mean five-year overall survival for R0 - resection is 32%, for R1 - and R2 - resection is 12% and for the palliative operations - 0%. The mean overall survival for R0-resection is 37 months, for R1 - and R2 - resection is 19 months and for the palliative operations 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: Radically extended surgical resection for @entity201 is necessary to obtain improved @entity1 survival.

title: Single centre experience with surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['liver insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'hilar cholangiocarcinomas']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Neurogenic urinary retention can be a major cause of morbidity in @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ). However, the timing of its appearance has not been entirely clear, and neither have the medical and surgical modalities for managing @entity1 . We present the data obtained from our uroneurological assessment and therapeutic interventions at various stages of @entity9576 . We recruited 245 @entity1 with probable @entity9576 . We measured @entity41 ( @entity41 ) and performed EMG cystometry in all @entity1 . The grand average volume of @entity41 was 140 mL (range, 0-760) in our @entity1 . The average @entity41 volume was 71 mL in the first year, increasing to 129 mL in the second year and 170 mL by the fifth year. The percentages of @entity1 with complete urinary retention, acontractile detrusor, and detrusor-sphincter @entity2055 (DSD) also increased. The increase in @entity41 resulted in a decrease in functional bladder capacity, together with an increase in detrusor overactivity and neurogenic sphincter EMG. Clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) was introduced in most @entity1 . Bladder-oriented therapy (cholinergic agents) had a limited value, whereas urethra-oriented therapy benefited @entity1 with DSD (surgery) for up to 2 years, but @entity1163 occurred in a subset of @entity1 (alpha-blockers). @entity9576 @entity1 present with large @entity41 by the second year of illness, and that large @entity41 secondarily causes urinary frequency. CISC is the recommended treatment for most @entity1 . Urethra-oriented medication and surgery benefit @entity1 who would have difficulty performing CISC, although careful consideration of the short-term efficacy and potential adverse effects of these alternatives is mandatory.

title: Incomplete emptying and urinary retention in XXXX : when does it occur and how do we manage it?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['postvoid residuals', 'PVR']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['MSA', 'multiple-system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

answer: @entity9576 :: (MESH:D019578,Disease) :: ['multiple-system atrophy']


abstract: AIMS: To determine whether idiopathic @entity323 , in the absence of overt @entity65 or cardiovascular risk factors, is associated with vascular or @entity5433 . METHODS: We studied 49 @entity1 with @entity2613 (without known @entity65 ) and 50 age-matched controls, aged 40-70 years. Macrovascular endothelial function was examined by brachial artery ultrasonography and microvascular function by @entity432 plethysmography. Blood pressure measurement and electrocardiography were performed lying and standing, and the 30:15 RR ratio calculated. RESULTS: Body mass index, @entity251 , fasting lipids and @entity413 did not differ significantly between groups. Standing pulse pressure was higher (50+/-1mm Hg versus 43+/-2mm Hg, p<0.004) and 30:15 RR ratio lower (0.97+/-0.01 versus 1.01+/-0.01, p<0.02) in the @entity2613 group. Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was not significantly different between groups. Flow debt repayment during forearm reactive hyperaemia was lower in the @entity2613 group (7.2+/-0.7 ml versus 9.5+/-0.8 ml per 100ml, p<0.02) than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with idiopathic @entity2613 have evidence of @entity409 in forearm resistance vessels, increased pulse pressure and impaired heart rate variability. This supports the concept that @entity323 is a predictor of @entity65 and a precursor of clinical @entity65 .

title: @entity323 predicts generalised XXXX : evidence from a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular dysfunction', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk factors or disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: A phase II trial of 5FU in modulation with intravenous high-dose @entity17185 and oral @entity1862 (HU) in advanced unresectable @entity157 ( @entity157 ). A total of 50 consecutive @entity1 , 38 males (76%) and 12 females (24%), with a mean age of 62 years (range 30-74) and a mean performance status of 80 (KI, range 60-90) were enrolled. The vast majority of @entity1 were therapy-naive, although two @entity1 (4%) had previous surgery and showed progressive disease at entry. No @entity1 had been previously treated with chemotherapy. Five @entity1 had previous hormonotherapy with @entity440 . Most @entity1 had disease limited to the liver while 12 @entity1 (24%) had also metastatic deposits outside the liver. The treatment plan included: @entity17185 100 mg/m2 diluted in 500 cc of normal saline over 2 hour infusion followed by 5FU 600 mg/m2 i.v. bolus. HU 1,000 mg/m2 was given by mouth in three refracted doses starting 6 hours after 5FU. A PR was recorded in only 5 @entity1 (10%; 95% CL 1%-34%) with a median duration of 5.7+ months (range 4.0/6.2 months), a stabilization in 15 (30%) with a median duration of 3.8 months, while 30 @entity1 progressed (60%). PR were seen at liver primary @entity5 in 4 cases and at soft tissue in 1 case. The median survival was 5.8 months (range 2.0/12.0+). The most frequent @entity137 were @entity1431 (32%), which however was mild (grade 1-2) in all cases, and grade 1-2 @entity882 observed in 15% of cases. Mild grade 1-2 vomiting was recorded in one third of @entity1 , and grade 1-2 @entity3136 in 15%. The combination of @entity1487 with @entity17185 and oral HU on a weekly schedule is largely inactive against unresectable or metastatic @entity157 and results are no better than historical data reported for 5FU alone.

title: @entity1487 plus high dose @entity17185 and oral @entity1862 for the treatment of primary XXXX : results of a phase II multicenter study of the Southern Italy Oncology Group (G.O.I.M.).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17185 :: ('CHEBI:63606', 'Chemical') :: ['levofolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 were treated with ICE after failure of previous chemotherapy. Their median age was 50 years (range 36-73). All but 1 @entity1 had multiple sites of @entity3 . Nineteen (76%) @entity1 had undergone two or more chemotherapy regimens for @entity3 prior to ICE. The performance status (PS) of the @entity1 was Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0:6; 1:12; 2:5; 3:2. @entity1260 1.25 g/m(2) over 3 h D1-3 along with mesna, @entity2879 80 mg/m(2) D1-3 and @entity3003 300 mg/m(2) D1 were given every 3 weeks. We observed a partial response in 10 @entity1 (40%, 95% confidence interval 21-62%). The response duration ranged from 1 to 15 months with a median duration of 4.5 months. The survival of all 25 @entity1 ranged from 10 days to 25 months, with a median of 9 months. All 25 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 . Thirteen @entity1 (52%) experienced grade 4 @entity1503 , which improved after growth factor support. Four @entity1 had @entity221 , 1 had gram-negative @entity295 , while 2 had @entity2718 enterocolitis and another had herpes zoster reactivation. Four @entity1 (16%) experienced grade 3-4 gastrointestinal (G-I) @entity137 . No @entity99 was observed (1 @entity1 had microscopic @entity811 ). One @entity1 died of G-I bleed, and another @entity1 died at home of undetermined cause. We conclude that ICE is an effective salvage regimen in metastatic and refractory @entity0 , even in heavily pretreated @entity1 , and is a tolerable treatment when used with growth factor.

title: XXXX , @entity3003 and @entity2879 (ICE) in metastatic and refractory @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic or renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenic fever']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['Ifosfamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: During recent years, transcatheter closure has become an alternative to operations for the treatment of @entity118 and @entity4616 . However, this procedure may be unsuccessful or complicated and requires surgical treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of @entity1 who needed surgical treatment after failed or complicated transcatheter closure of an @entity118 or a @entity4616 . RESULTS: Between April 1994 and March 1999, 124 @entity1 were treated with transcatheter closure of an @entity118 or a @entity4616 at our institution. We report the results of 10 (8%) @entity1 of this series who required operations after transcatheter closure attempts. In 8 of these 10 @entity1 a significant shunt caused by malposition or dislocation of the device persisted, leading to surgical closure of the defect. In 2 @entity1 @entity1317 at the puncture site required surgical repair. In one @entity1 the device had to be removed surgically from the iliac vein after retraction. One @entity1 died of left ventricular perforation after dislocation of the device and several surgical attempts to close the left @entity9009 . All other @entity1 recovered well. CONCLUSION: An operation was required after transcatheter closure of an @entity118 or a @entity4616 in 8% of @entity1 . After device complications, the @entity118 and the @entity4616 can still successfully be closed surgically with good results and low morbidity. However, serious complications like @entity299 may have a fatal outcome. Residual shunt, dislocation, or @entity455 are the most frequent problems that require surgical interventions.

title: Surgical management of complications after transcatheter closure of an @entity118 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular rupture']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac perforation']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the femoral artery']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity4616 :: (MESH:D054092,Disease) :: ['patent foramen ovale']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study describes educational placement of school-aged @entity1 after spontaneous @entity1779 and examines whether educational placement is associated with severity of @entity51 . METHODS: @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 presenting from 2007 to 2013 were prospectively enrolled at three tertiary @entity1 's hospitals. The @entity64 Outcome Measure and parental interview gathered information about neurological outcome, school attendance, and educational placement. RESULTS: The cohort of 92 enrolled @entity1 included 42 school-aged @entity1 (6 to 17  years) with @entity1779 . Four @entity1 died; one was excluded because of preexisting @entity73 . Thirty-seven @entity1 completed three-month follow-up, and 30 completed 12-month follow-up. At 12  months, 14 @entity1 (46.7%) received regular age-appropriate programming, 12 (40%) attended school with in-class services, three (10%) were in special education programs, and one @entity1 (3.3%) received home-based services because of @entity1779 . Of 30 @entity1 with three- and 12-month follow-up, 14 (46.7%) improved their education status, 13 (43.3%) remained at the same education level, and three (10%) began to receive in-class services. An increasing @entity64 Outcome Measure score predicted the need for educational modifications at three  months (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 7.9; P  =  0.007) and at 12  months (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.9; P  =  0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 returned to school within a year after @entity1779 , and many had a reduction in the intensity of educational support. However, a great need for educational services persisted at 12  months after @entity1779 with fewer than half enrolled in regular age-appropriate classes. Worse deficits on the @entity64 Outcome Measure were associated with remedial educational placement.

title: Educational Placement After XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric Stroke']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage-related deficits', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Intracerebral Hemorrhage']


abstract: In previous separate studies, @entity12839 (DF) and @entity6358 / @entity5834 (EC) have been shown to promote @entity353 in @entity28 @entity1 as compared with placebo. In order to compare the efficacy and safety of these two anorectic drugs, 103 @entity1 with 20-80% overweight were included in a 15-week double-blind study in general practice. @entity1 were randomized to either 15 mg DF twice daily (n = 53), or 20 mg/200 mg @entity6358 / @entity5834 three times a day (n = 50), supplementary to a 5 MJ/day diet. Forty-three @entity1 from the DF group and 38 from the EC group completed the study. After 15 weeks of treatment, the DF group (n = 43) had lost 6.9 +/- 4.3 kg and the EC group (n = 38) had lost 8.3 +/- 5.2 kg (mean +/- s.d., P = 0.12). In the subgroup of @entity1 with BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 (n = 59), the mean @entity353 was 7.0 +/- 4.2 kg in the DF group (n = 29) and 9.0 +/- 5.3 kg in the EC group (n = 30), P < 0.05. Both @entity551 were reduced similarly during both treatments. Twenty-three @entity1 in the DF group (43%) and 27 in the EC group (54%) complained of side-effects. Central nervous system side-effects, especially @entity2146 , were more pronounced in the EC group (P < 0.05), whereas gastro-intestinal symptoms were more frequent in the DF group (P < 0.05). The side-effects declined markedly during the first month of treatment in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of an @entity6358 / @entity5834 combination and @entity12839 in the treatment of XXXX . A double-blind multi-centre trial in general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity12839 :: ('MESH:D020372', 'Chemical') :: ['dexfenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Starting with 4 probands, our study for the early detection of heterozygotes enabled us to investigate a family suffering from @entity3918 , through 8 generations. Out of 274 family members, 209 are still living, 101 of whom were examined by us personally. We discovered, in all, 12 @entity1 with @entity3918 (one of which was a childhood case), 14 with a "forme fruste" (two of which were infantile cases) and 2 @entity1 with only a @entity231 . The clinical picture varied a great deal amongst the @entity1 , but showed in general a rather benign evolution. With respect to diagnostic methods, most of the 24 secondary cases were detected through clinical examination preceded by a good case history (6 out of the 8 classical forms, and all the 14 "formes frustes"). Slit lamp examination was indispensable for the recognition of the first changes in the lenses of two young adults and, likewise, for the detection of two isolated @entity231 . The electromyography showed characteristic anomalies in 3 @entity1 ; in addition, non-specific alterations existed in 3 other @entity1 who showed only slight signs of the disease. Neither the gammaglobulins nor the ABH secretion factors were of any diagnostic aid in this family. Our investigation is relevant in the context of the prevention of hereditary conditions, in particular @entity3918 . Indeed, owing to the early recognition of the heterozygotes, an adequate genetic prognosis can be given in due time to the family members at risk.

title: [Screening for heterozygotes in a large family suffering from XXXX with varying clinical manifestations (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ["Steinert's disease", 'myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic cataract', 'myotonic cataracts']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['Steinert's disease']


abstract: Preparation of @entity692 coated custom-made metallic bone-implants is very important for the replacement of injured bones of the body. Furthermore, these bone-implants are more stable under the corrosive environment of the body and biocompatible than bone-implants made up of pure metals and metal alloys. Herein, we describe a novel, simple and low-cost technique to prepare biocompatible @entity692 coated @entity702 metal (TiM) implants through growth of self-formed @entity3759 thin-layer (SFTL) on TiM via a heat treatment process. SFTL acts as a surface binder of @entity15773 nanoparticles in order to produce @entity15773 coated implants. Colloidal @entity15773 nanorods prepared by a novel surfactant-assisted synthesis method, have been coated on SFTL via atomized spray pyrolysis (ASP) technique. The corrosion behavior of the bare and surface-modified TiM (SMTiM) in a simulated body fluid (SBF) medium is also studied. The highest corrosion rate is found to be for the bare TiM plate, but the corrosion rate has been reduced with the heat-treatment of TiM due to the formation of SFTL. The lowest corrosion rate is recorded for the implant prepared by heat treatment of TiM at 700   C. The @entity15773 -coating further assists in the passivation of the TiM in the SBF medium. Both SMTiM and @entity15773 coated SMTiM are noncytotoxic against osteoblast-like ( @entity5187 ) cells and are in high-bioactivity. The overall production process of bone-implant described in this paper is in high economic value.

title: Preparation of bone-implants by coating XXXX nanoparticles on self-formed titanium dioxide thin-layers on @entity702 metal surfaces.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired linear growth has been reported in @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ) but the pattern of growth in height and weight through childhood and adolescence has not been described. OBJECTIVES: To define the pattern of linear growth and adiposity in @entity483 from early childhood through to adult life. @entity1 AND METHODS: Growth measurements of 70 male and 40 female @entity1 with @entity483 followed through childhood and adolescence were studied retrospectively and compared with the 1990 U.K. normal values. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were converted to standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ). Regression analysis examined whether the mean trend was different from zero. RESULTS: While @entity1909 was the predominant atopic problem in all 110 @entity1 , 92 had a history of @entity565 which was mild in 85 of 92. Regression analyses showed that the trends in height, weight and BMI SDS for @entity483 @entity1 were significantly different from zero and also different between males and females. Both sexes were short and relatively overweight from early childhood, a trend that was more pronounced in males than females. At 5 years (school entry), the 50th centile BMI of male (but not female) @entity1 was 0.44 kg m(-2) higher than the reference population but height and weight were lower. The age at adiposity rebound in @entity483 males and females was 0.8 year and 0.7 year later than the U.K. population (6.2 years vs. 5.4 years and 6.2 years vs. 5.3 years, respectively). @entity483 @entity1 attained peak height velocity later than the 1990 U.K. population (males 16.0 years vs. 13.5 years, P = 0.0002; females 13.4 years vs. 11.0 years, P = 0.008). In addition, males had greater mean gain in height during late adolescence (12.2 vs. 8.8 cm, P = 0.03) and were shorter as young adults (170.9 vs. 177.6 cm, P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Our @entity1 with @entity483 were relatively overweight very early but had a later adiposity rebound, were short in childhood and had a delayed adolescent growth spurt. Serial growth measurements should be done on all @entity1 with troublesome @entity483 and can be helpful in counselling about the growth prognosis.

title: Pattern of growth and adiposity from infancy to adulthood in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate both active transport and passive diffusion across the nuclear envelope (NE). Determination of NE electrical conductance, however, has been confounded by the lack of an appropriate technical approach. The nuclear patch clamp technique is restricted to preparations with electrically closed NPCs, and microelectrode techniques fail to resolve the extremely low input resistance of large oocyte nuclei. To address the problem, we have developed an approach for measuring the NE electrical conductance of @entity1238 oocyte nuclei. The method uses a tapered glass tube, which narrows in its middle part to 2/3 of the diameter of the nucleus. The isolated nucleus is sucked into the narrow part of the capillary by gentle fluid movement, while the resulting change in electrical resistance is monitored. NE electrical conductance was unexpectedly large (7.9 +/- 0.34 S/cm(2)). Evaluation of @entity11408 density by atomic force microscopy showed that this conductance corresponded to 3.7 x 10(6) NPCs. In contrast to earlier conclusions drawn from nuclear patch clamp experiments, NPCs were in an electrically "open" state with a mean single @entity11408 electrical conductance of 1.7 +/- 0.07 nS. Enabling or blocking of active @entity11408 transport (accomplished by the addition of cytosolic extracts or gp62-directed antibodies) revealed this large @entity11408 conductance to be independent of the activation state of the transport machinery located in the center of NPCs. We conclude that peripheral channels, which are presumed to reside in the @entity11408 subunits, establish a high ionic permeability that is virtually independent of the active protein transport mechanism.

title: Nuclear hourglass technique: an approach that detects electrically open nuclear pores in XXXX oocyte.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: The @entity1 urinary bladder receives dual innervation. The excitatory innervation is considered to be partly cholinergic and partly mediated via NANC-receptors. Several (co-)transmitters have been suggested. The adrenergic inhibitory innervation is mediated via alpha- and beta-receptors. Female sex hormones could change autonomic influence of urogenital organs. It was considered to be of interest to characterize the spontaneous and nerve stimulation-induced muscular activity in the urinary bladder of the female @entity840 during the oestrus cycle. Both the spontaneous activity and nerve-induced activity varied according to the hormonal status of the animal. An alpha-adrenergic inhibitory influence was identified. It was further confirmed that the excitatory innervation could not be blocked by the cholinergic antagonist @entity5591 , while @entity861 partly inhibited nerve stimulation-induced smooth muscle response, most prominent at cycle day 6. Indomethacin did not impair spontaneous activity or nerve stimulation-induced activity. @entity842 reduced nerve stimulation-induced responses on cycle day 12. Imperative urinary bladder contractions are reported to diminish after @entity2931 use and in the female a hormonal effect of the nervous influence on the urinary bladder smooth muscle is suggested.

title: Autonomic nervous influence of the female XXXX urinary bladder during the oestrus cycle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity861 :: ('MESH:C002630', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-beta-methylene ATP']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: The number of @entity1 coming for @entity231 surgery in Madagascar remains low and most ophthalmologists could do many more surgeries than currently done. Knowing why @entity1 identified with @entity231 do not accept surgery will help to design programs that use existing resources more effectively. The study was carried out in Sava Region of Madagascar. @entity1 with blinding (<6/60) @entity231 were identified by @entity231 case finders in the community, interviewed, and given a referral card for surgery at the hospital. We then monitored uptake of surgery at the hospital. Overall, 142 @entity1 were identified, interviewed and referred. Among the referrals, 35 (24.6%) presented at the hospital for surgery. The most important factors associated with acceptance were proximity to hospital ( @entity1 from Sambava district were twice as likely to present as @entity1 from more distant districts) and perceived price of transport and food (being higher for @entity1 not accepting). The actual price of surgery was not the main barrier to acceptance of surgery; instead it appears that distance to the hospital and the willingness to pay are important predictors. Strategies to improve uptake need to be revised in order to ensure that @entity1 have access to and use @entity231 surgical services.

title: Uptake of @entity231 surgery in Sava Region, Madagascar: role of XXXX case finders in acceptance of @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity33360 , 200 mg/day, and @entity1443 , 3000 mg/day, in the treatment of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee. METHODS: This was a double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre clinical trial involving @entity1 with symptomatic @entity571 of the knee, conducted in Spain. @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity33360 100 mg twice daily (n=82) or @entity1443 1000 mg three times daily (n=86). @entity1 were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks. Primary efficacy measures were severity of @entity158 (visual analogue scale, VAS), Lequesne @entity571 knee index, and @entity1 's and physician's global assessment of disease activity. Severity of knee @entity158 at rest or walking, stiffness, knee @entity4 and @entity925 , and assessment of health-related quality of life (Health Assessment Questionnaire, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, and Short Form 36) were included as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Both treatment groups showed significant improvement compared with their baseline values in the four primary endpoints. Mean between-treatment differences favoured @entity33360 over @entity1443 on @entity158 (VAS, 7.64 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44-14.85 mm]), Lequesne @entity571 index (1.41 [95% CI, 0.45-2.36]), and @entity1 's (0.33 [95% CI, 0.06-0.61]) and physician's (0.23 [95% CI, 0.01-0.47]) global assessments. Adverse events were similar for both drugs ( @entity1443 , 29% @entity1 vs @entity33360 , 32%; P=0.71). Four @entity1 withdrew in each group due to adverse events. @entity1 tended to prefer @entity33360 to @entity1443 (P=0.001), and more treated with @entity1443 withdrew from the study due to lack of efficacy (n=8 vs n=1, P=0.035, for @entity1443 and @entity33360 , respectively). CONCLUSION: At 6 weeks, @entity1 with symptomatic @entity571 of the knee showed a greater improvement in @entity158 and functional capacity with @entity33360 than @entity1443 with no difference in tolerability.

title: @entity33360 vs XXXX in the management of symptomatic @entity571 of the knee: a double-blind 6-week randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity33360 :: ('MESH:C056498', 'Chemical') :: ['aceclofenac']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: @entity3553 are rare. The authors report three cases encountered between 1979 and 1988, representing a 3% incidence among all @entity3553 . The common source was an @entity2169 . Clinical presentation encompassed a systemic @entity221 , @entity10 , and a stiff neck. Only one @entity1 had an @entity51 that suggested a cerebral location. Initial diagnosis was acute @entity693 in each case. A lumbar puncture was ordered in all three cases but was actually performed in two without developing @entity3976 . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed the diagnosis of @entity693 in one but was normal in the other. Computerized tomography allowed a precise diagnosis and localization of the pathology. All three @entity1 received aggressive antibiotic therapy plus suboccipital craniectomy and aspiration of pus; catheter drainage was performed in two. Cultures were positive in one case and negative in the others. Two @entity1 were cured without sequelae; the third @entity1 was moribund at surgery and died. Although it is known that @entity3553 may localize in the posterior fossa, only one previous report was found. @entity3553 may sometimes be an unrecognized companion of acute @entity693 and is cured with antibiotic therapy alone.

title: XXXX : clinical and computerized tomography findings. Report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3553 :: ('MESH:D013354', 'Disease') :: ['Infratentorial subdural empyemas', 'subdural empyemas', 'Infratentorial subdural empyema']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['inconspicuous focal neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity3553 :: (MESH:D013354,Disease) :: ['Infratentorial subdural empyema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A decrease in urinary albumin excretion is regularly seen with antihypertensive treatment in @entity1 with @entity2316 . Our study concerns structural data obtained by light microscopy in baseline and follow-up biopsies in antihypertensive treated @entity1 and in a reference group. METHODS: Microalbuminuric type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity6 duration of 6-16 years were studied. Two groups, allocated to treatment with either angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor (group 1, n=6) or beta-blocker (group 2, n=6) after the baseline biopsy, were studied in parallel, whereas the reference group (group 3, n=9), without antihypertensive treatment, was part of a previously completed study. The renal plastic-embedded biopsies were serially sectioned (1 microm), the sections being used for determining glomerular volume, vascular pole area, and interstitial space expressed as fraction of tubular cortex. RESULTS: A significant increase in glomerular volume (P=0.04) was seen in group 3 only. Vascular pole area ( @entity2052 ) and @entity2052 relative to calculated glomerular surface did not show significant changes in any of the groups, only a tendency to increase in @entity2052 in group 3 (P=0.051). The increase in @entity2052 correlated with systolic blood pressure during the study period (r=0.49, P=0.03). Glomerular volume did not correlate with HbA(1C), current @entity2316 , or ensuing worsening of @entity8 . In group 3 every case showed an increase in interstitium (P=0.0009), group 2 showed a decrease (P=0.03), and group 1 showed no change. Increase in interstitial fractional volume correlated with diastolic blood pressure during the study (r=0.54, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In early microalbuminuria, type 1 @entity6 @entity1 show glomerular growth, probably compensatory to the developing @entity8 . The increase in interstitial volume fraction, demonstrable in early @entity8 , is further augmented over a few years, but is arrested by antihypertensive treatment.

title: Follow-up study of glomerular dimensions and cortical interstitium in microalbuminuric type 1 @entity6 XXXX with or without antihypertensive treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic glomerulopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress has been linked to @entity170 . Serum @entity414 (UA), a strong endogenous antioxidant, has been associated with higher @entity79 ( @entity79 ), @entity79 and lower prevalence of @entity174 in a large cross-sectional study of @entity1 . Whether this relationship is present in @entity1 and how UA relates to changes in @entity79 longitudinally has not been examined. METHODS: A sample of 356 peri- and postmenopausal @entity1 , mean age 60.5 years was studied. Each individual had baseline @entity79 and body composition measurements by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and at least one repeat measure, on average 9.7 years later. Annual rate of change in @entity79 (A%  @entity79 ) was calculated. UA was measured at each DXA visit. Calciotropic hormones and bone turnover markers were measured at the final visit only. RESULTS: Cross-sectional data analyses revealed that @entity1 with higher UA levels had significantly higher absolute @entity79 measures at all skeletal sites. These @entity1 also had higher measures of body weight and its components such as lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM). Results of multiple regression analyses showed a positive association between UA and @entity79 that remained significant even after accounting for possible confounders including LM and FM. Regression analyses of the longitudinal @entity79 data demonstrated significant associations between serum UA levels and annual rates of change in @entity79 at all skeletal sites. After adjustment associations remained significant for lumbar spine, forearm and whole body @entity79 but not for hip @entity79 . CONCLUSION: Higher serum UA levels appear to be protective for @entity604 in peri- and postmenopausal @entity1 and this relationship is not affected by changes in body composition measures.

title: Serum @entity414 plays a protective role for @entity604 in peri- and postmenopausal XXXX : a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['lower bone turnover', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the present study, we assessed the relationship of serum @entity2690 levels and risk of recurrence in @entity1 with @entity263 because of the relationship of @entity2690 to the development of @entity263 , and because @entity2690 is a growth factor. METHODS: @entity1 in our study were found through urology and radiation oncology clinics, and all eligible @entity1 were asked to take part. All @entity1 were asymptomatic and had been initially diagnosed on the basis of rising @entity7735 or abnormal physical examination. Histological confirmation of diagnosis was obtained for all subjects. Serum @entity2690 levels were determined by chemoluminescent assay with a standard, commercially available instrument (Immulite Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, CA). @entity1 were divided into three risk groups: Low risk: serum @entity7735 < or = 10, stage < or = T2a, or Gleason grade < or = 6; Medium risk: serum @entity7735 10-15, Gleason 7 or stage < or = T2b; High risk: Gleason > 7, @entity5 in seminal vesicle biopsy, serum @entity7735 > 15 or stage T2c or T3. RESULTS: @entity1 , 112 in number, with @entity263 were studied. There was a significant increase in serum @entity2690 with risk group (P = 0.002, one-way ANOVA). Tukey's multiple range test showed that the @entity2690 levels of high risk @entity1 were significantly higher than the @entity2690 levels of medium and low risk @entity1 (P = 0.05) but the @entity2690 levels of medium and low risk @entity1 were not significantly different from one another. CONCLUSIONS: Urologists are actively seeking additional biomarkers of @entity263 @entity146 . @entity263 are quite indolent and may never cause a problem, but it is now impossible to identify such @entity5 with certainty. Further studies of serum @entity2690 levels in @entity263 as a biomarker might, therefore, be worthwhile. With more and better biomarkers, many older @entity1 might be spared the rigors of radiation therapy and/or surgery, and their complications. Also, new @entity263 therapies might be directed toward inhibiting the mitogenic effects of @entity2690 .

title: Increased serum XXXX associated with increased risk of @entity263 recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Many prostate cancers', 'localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: The supplementary motor area ( @entity11280 ) is important for preparation and execution of @entity717 and densely anatomically connected with the hand area of primary motor cortex (M1). However, little is known about the effective connectivity between @entity11280 and ipsilateral M1 ( @entity11280   >   M1). Here, we used paired-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (pcTMS) to study the @entity11280   >   M1 effective connectivity in healthy @entity1 subjects. In Experiment 1, we tested the effects of different induced current directions in the @entity11280 and M1, and different intensities of conditioning @entity11280 stimulation. Coil placement over the @entity11280 -proper was verified by MRI-navigation. We found a @entity11280   >   M1 facilitatory effect on motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude that occurred very specifically only with an induced conditioning current directed from the midline towards the targeted @entity11280 , an induced test current in M1 directed antero-medially and sufficient intensity of conditioning @entity11280 stimulation. In Experiment 2, we selected these effective parameters to explore the effects of @entity11280   >   M1 on the active MEP amplitude, cortical silent period (CSP) duration, and using a triple-pulse protocol, on short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). None of these measures was affected by conditioning @entity11280 stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that pcTMS identifies predominantly facilitatory connections from @entity11280 -proper to the hand area of the ipsilateral M1. The successful activation of this connection depends on effective @entity11280 -proper stimulation, is state dependent and likely mediated via excitatory interneurons in M1.

title: Effective connectivity between XXXX supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex: a paired-coil TMS study.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Papular @entity110 by @entity8976 is a chronic @entity56 in which clinical improvement may occur at the age of 7 years, thus representing a natural model of acquired immunologic tolerance in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to characterize regulatory cells and specific responses to @entity11101 antigens of @entity404 (+) T lymphocytes expressing cutaneous migration markers in @entity1 with papular @entity110 caused by @entity8976 and with different disease evolution times. METHODS: Cell populations were characterized by flow cytometry in samples from @entity1 and healthy controls. Specific cell stimulation was performed with a complete @entity11101 body extract. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons. RESULTS: Total dendritic cells were lower in @entity1 than in healthy controls. No quantitative differences were found in @entity404 regulatory T cells. @entity404 (+) T cells from @entity1 produced more @entity3646 , lL-10, @entity4155 , and @entity379 . @entity1 who experienced the onset of symptoms within the first 5 years of age showed a greater percentage of local (cutaneous lymphocyte antigen +) @entity46173 -producing cells, while @entity1 who experienced the onset of symptoms after the age of 5 years had a higher percentage of systemic (cutaneous lymphocyte antigen -) @entity688 -producing cells. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the cellular immune response against whole @entity11101 antigen in @entity1 with papular @entity110 by @entity11101 bites suggests a possible participation of inflammatory cytokines in the skin reaction (Th17) and a systemic control mechanism ( @entity688 ). This pattern of cytokine production in @entity1 could be a consequence of an impaired dendritic cell population.

title: Differences in systemic and skin migrating-specific @entity404 T cells in papular @entity110 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic condition']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity8976 :: (MESH:D001733,Disease) :: ['flea bite']


abstract: @entity601 ( @entity601 ) are @entity3002 (CNS) secondary to abnormal closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. This study provides information on @entity1591 rate, distribution, @entity154 and organ weights in a Danish fetal and perinatal autopsy series during a 16 year period. The data were extracted from the autopsy reports of a consecutive series of 1984 fetal and perinatal autopsies from the Copenhagen area performed in the period 1989-2004. Registered parameters included: The location and morphology of the @entity1591 , @entity154 , and organ weights. Organ weights were evaluated according to new fetal autopsy standards and grouped as low, normal or high. Ninety-seven @entity1591 cases were found (4.9%): Spina bifida (38 cases), cephalocele (17 cases) and @entity10413 (42 cases). 63% of @entity1591 cases had @entity154 . Among the most common were @entity1276 , @entity1591 in another region, and anomalies in the urogenital system. 58% of the @entity1591 cases had abnormal weight of one or more organs. Most notable was low adrenal weight not only in anencephalic fetuses but also in cases with cephalocele, suggesting a possible association.

title: @entity601 and XXXX in a fetal and perinatal autopsy series.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['associated morphologic anomalies', 'associated morphological anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['anencephaly']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Neural tube defects', 'NTDs']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['associated anomalies']


abstract: This study was purposed to assess the effectiveness of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without in vitro T cell depletion for the treatment of severe @entity2150 (SAA) in @entity1 . Two @entity1 with SAA/very SAA (VSAA) received T cell-depleted HSCT from their fathers with 2 loci mismatched in our center between October 2010 and March 2013. During 4 months after onset, both failed in treatment of @entity205 (CsA)+ @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), had active or serious infections, were transfusion dependent and lacked HLA-identical sibling donors and unrelated donors. The conditioning regimen before HSCT included @entity3118 , @entity786 and thymoglobulin. The source of grafts was a combination of @entity1261 mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells and BM. The recipients received CsA, @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and short-term @entity1500 for @entity2132 prophylaxis. Both @entity1 with SAA achieved 100% donor myeloid engraftment. Neutrophil engraftment occurred at day 12 and day 18 after transplant respectively. Platelet engraftment occurred at day 17 and day 26 after transplantation respectively. Two @entity1 all developed grade I acute @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), one of which evolved into chronic limited @entity2132 well-controlled. Both have survived for two years after transplantation with 100% donor myeloid engraftment and effective lymphoid reconstitution. In conclusion, these limited cases suggest that haploidentical HSCT for @entity1 with SAA without a HLA-identical sibling donor and unrelated donor may be feasible. Further prospective clinical study is required to increase the overall survival (OS) by decreasing @entity2132 while maintaining stable engraftment.

title: [Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of severe XXXX in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft versus host disease']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied the frequency, location, extent, and signal characteristics of nonenhancing tissue in pedal @entity281 and correlated those areas with surgical and histologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred ten contrast-enhanced 1.5-T MR imaging foot examinations in 102 @entity1 (28 @entity1 , 74 @entity1 ; mean age, 59 years), 82% of whom had @entity6 , were reviewed by two musculoskeletal radiologists for the presence of areas without recognizable enhancement. The number, size, location, signal characteristics, and enhancement ratio of nonenhancing regions were noted. MR imaging findings were compared with surgical and histology reports. RESULTS: Nonenhancing regions were found in 27 feet (24.5%, 96.3% in @entity6 @entity1 , p = 0.032) at the forefoot (n = 16), toes (n = 8), and heel (n = 3). The mean size of the nonenhancing regions was 4.1 x 2.7 x 1.4 cm. Signal characteristics on T1-weighted images were isointense to muscle (n = 21, 77.8%), hypointense to muscle (n = 3, 11.1%), heterogeneous (n = 2, 7.4%), and isointense to fat (n = 1, 3.7%). On T2-weighted images, the signal was hyperintense to muscle (n = 12, 44.4%), heterogeneous to muscle (n = 9, 33.3%), equal to fluid (n = 3, 11.1%), and hypointense to muscle (n = 3, 11.1%). The mean signal increase after contrast administration was 3.57% for observer 1 and 2.68% for observer 2. Necrotic tissue was surgically confirmed in the nonenhancing areas in 26 feet (96.3%). Five abscesses and three cases of @entity4034 were misdiagnosed on MR images because of lack of enhancement. CONCLUSION: Nonenhancing areas are seen in one fourth of pedal @entity281 , occur almost exclusively in @entity6 @entity1 , and represent @entity39 tissue. Only contrast-enhanced images allow reliable recognition of these regions. Lack of enhancement in these areas can mask the presence of @entity733 and @entity4034 .

title: Nonenhancing tissue on MR imaging of pedal infection: characterization of @entity39 tissue and associated limitations for diagnosis of XXXX and @entity733 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-dose @entity2177 is effective for the treatment of severe @entity3081 in adults. We assessed whether single-dose @entity2177 would be as effective as 3-day, 12-dose @entity2929 in achieving clinical cure in @entity1 with severe @entity3081 . METHODS: We did a randomised, open label, controlled trial in @entity1 age 2-15 years with @entity1838 O1 or O139 present in stool on dark-field microscopy. @entity1 received either a single 20 mg/kg dose of @entity2177 (n=90) or 12.5 mg/kg of @entity2929 (n=90) every 6 h for 3 days, and remained in hospital for 5 days. The primary outcome was clinical success of treatment, defined as cessation of watery stools within 48 h of start of drug treatment. Analysis was per protocol. This study is registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (registration number NCT 00142272) [corrected] FINDINGS: Of 180 @entity1 randomised 162 completed the study. Treatment was clinically successful in 60% (47/78) of @entity1 treated with @entity2177 and in 55% (46/84) of those treated with @entity2929 (difference 5% [95% CI -10 to 21]). @entity1 receiving @entity2177 vomited less often (58%vs 74%; difference 16% [2 to 30]), had fewer stools (15 vs 21; 6 [0 to 9]), and less stool volume (152 vs 196 mL/kg; 43 mL/kg [13 to 87]) than those receiving @entity2929 . Bacteriological failure was more common in @entity2177 -treated @entity1 (58%vs 30%; 28% [13 to 43]) than @entity2929 -treated @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: Single-dose @entity2177 achieves clinical outcomes similar to, or better than, those achieved with 12-dose @entity2929 treatment in childhood @entity3081 , but is less effective in eradicating @entity1838 from stool.

title: Single-dose @entity2177 versus 12-dose XXXX for childhood @entity3081 : a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['erythromycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the occurrence of @entity999 and venous to arterial circulation shunts in @entity1 with @entity195 or @entity1294 and controls without @entity303 . DESIGN: Cross sectional case-control study. SETTING: Secondary care old age psychiatry services, Manchester. @entity1 : 170 @entity1 with @entity303 (85 with @entity195 , 85 with @entity1294 ) and 150 age and sex matched controls. Patients on anticoagulant treatment, @entity1 with severe @entity303 , and controls with marked @entity73 were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequencies of detection of @entity999 during one hour monitoring of the middle cerebral arteries with transcranial Doppler and venous to arterial circulation shunts by a transcranial Doppler technique using intravenous microbubbles as an ultrasound contrast. RESULTS: @entity999 were detected in 32 (40%) of @entity1 with @entity195 and 31 (37%) of those with @entity1294 compared with just 12 each (15% and 14%) of their controls, giving significant odds ratios adjusted for vascular risk factors of 2.70 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 6.21) for @entity195 and 5.36 (1.24 to 23.18) for @entity1294 . These @entity999 were not caused by @entity66 , which was equally frequent in @entity303 @entity1 and their controls. A venous to arterial circulation shunt indicative of @entity4616 was found in 27 (32%) @entity195 @entity1 and 25 (29%) @entity1294 @entity1 compared with 19 (22%) and 17 (20%) controls, giving non-significant odds ratios of 1.57 (0.80 to 3.07) and 1.67 (0.81 to 3.41). CONCLUSION: @entity999 were significantly associated with both @entity195 and @entity1294 . They may represent a potentially preventable or treatable cause of @entity303 .

title: XXXX as a potential cause of @entity195 and @entity1294 : case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous cerebral emboli', 'Spontaneous cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['Cerebral emboli']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity158 -related treatment satisfaction, @entity1 -perceived side effects, functioning, and well-being in @entity1 with @entity5 who were receiving either transdermal @entity3575 (Duragesic, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ) or sustained-release oral forms of @entity1286 (MS Contin, Perdue Frederick Co, Norwalk, CT, or Oramorph SR, Roxanne Laboratories, Columbus, @entity2145 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 504 assessable @entity5 @entity1 participated in this cross-sectional, quality-of-life study. Relevant elements of four validated scales were used--the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) scale, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) questionnaire, and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS)--as well as original scales that were developed and validated for this study. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 in both treatment groups had late-stage (IV/D) @entity5 . @entity1 who received transdermal @entity3575 were more satisfied overall with their @entity158 medication than those who received sustained-release oral forms of @entity1286 (P = .035). @entity3575 @entity1 also experienced a significantly lower frequency (P < .002) and impact (P < .001) of @entity158 medication side effects. These results occurred despite the fact that @entity5 @entity1 who received @entity3575 were significantly older (P < .001) and had significantly lower functioning and well-being scores (P = .001). Measures of @entity158 intensity, sleep adequacy, and symptoms demonstrated no significant differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that @entity1 are more satisfied with transdermal @entity3575 compared with sustained-release oral forms of @entity1286 . A lower frequency and reduced impact of side effects with transdermal @entity3575 may be one reason @entity5 @entity1 who receive @entity3575 are more satisfied with their @entity158 management.

title: Quality of life and @entity5 : satisfaction and side effects with transdermal @entity3575 versus oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity19878 is a semisynthetic derivative of @entity14514 with mechanism of action analogous to @entity1311 . It has shown impressive antitumor activity in preclinical studies including in @entity3907 -resistant models. We conducted a phase I trial, based on accelerated titration "2B" design, of @entity19878 given as a 1-hour infusion every 3 weeks. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Seventeen @entity1 (M:F, 10:7; median age, 54 years; performance status, 0-2) were treated on the trial. Forty-five cycles (1-9 cycles) of @entity19878 were given at dosages ranging from 7.4 to 56 mg/m2. All @entity1 received prophylaxis for @entity56 reactions, related to Cremophor-EL, with @entity230 and @entity112 antagonists. RESULTS: First-course dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) was observed in two of three @entity1 at 56 mg/m2 ( @entity1398 sepsis, prolonged grade 4 @entity1398 ) and in one of six @entity1 at 40 mg/m2. Nonhematologic grade 3 to 4 @entity137 observed were @entity391 and @entity1295 and they occurred only at 56 mg/m2. Grade 1 to 2 @entity1897 was also observed. Other grade 1 to 2 @entity137 were @entity925 , @entity4841 , @entity1910 , hand/foot syndrome, and @entity33 . AUC and C(max) seemed proportional to the dose and the DLT. Development of @entity1398 with @entity19878 is related to the duration of drug exposure above a threshold. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity19878 is 40 mg/m2 given every 3 weeks. @entity1398 is the DLT. The accelerated titration "2B" design may help in determining MTD with fewer @entity1 enrolled and more being treated closer to the MTD. However, the accelerated titration design did not seem to shorten the study duration.

title: Phase I clinical trial of @entity19878 , a derivative of XXXX , using accelerated titration 2B design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity14514 :: ('MESH:C093788', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilone B']

answer: @entity14514 :: (MESH:C093788,Chemical) :: ['epothilone B']


abstract: This study was designed to compare acute reocclusion rates after treatment of @entity1186 with a percutaneous thrombectomy device or standard balloon angioplasty. Our group has previously reported on the rationale and development of a mechanical device for the treatment of intra-arterial @entity715 . This device removes fibrin from @entity715 , allowing for dissolution of the cellular elements of the @entity715 . Theoretically, @entity715 removal (as opposed to displacement) might result in a lower rate of acute rethrombosis. The present study utilizes the device percutaneously in the coronary arteries of closed chest @entity1707 and compares recanalization and reocclusion rates with standard balloon angioplasty. Twenty-six animals with total @entity1563 were treated; 13 with each device. Reocclusion rates with the thrombectomy device were significantly reduced at 60 min and 120 min after recanalization (p < 0.02), and the mean time to reocclusion was prolonged by 45 min (p = 0.07). Technical problems included poor handling characteristics in early prototypes and @entity1642 secondary to improper use. Changes in catheter design and operator protocols have largely eliminated these problems. We conclude that this study demonstrates the feasibility of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in the coronary arteries and that reocclusion rates after recanalization of @entity715 compare favorably to standard angioplasty.

title: Percutaneous rotational thrombectomy reduces acute reocclusion in an animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic coronary occlusions']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusions', 'thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress fractures']

answer: @entity1186 :: (MESH:D003328,Disease) :: ['acute coronary thrombosis']


abstract: @entity3232 ( @entity3232 ) have been used successfully in the past to classify @entity47 from spectral indices (SI) obtained from remotely-sensed images. However, applying @entity3232 models developed for certain image dates to other time periods within the same year or among different years can reduce the classification accuracy. In this study, we developed @entity3232 models with modified thresholds using extreme SI values ( @entity3232 (m)) to improve the stability of the models when applying them to different time periods. A total of 903 ground-truth samples were obtained in September of 2009 and 2010 and classified as emergent, floating-leaf, or submerged vegetation or other cover types. @entity3232 were developed for 2009 (Model-09) and 2010 (Model-10) using field samples and a combination of two images from winter and summer. Overall accuracies of these models were 92.8% and 94.9%, respectively, which confirmed the ability of @entity3232 analysis to map @entity47 in Taihu Lake. However, Model-10 had only 58.9-71.6% classification accuracy and 31.1-58.3% agreement (i.e., pixels classified the same in the two maps) for @entity47 when it was applied to image pairs from both a different time period in 2010 and a similar time period in 2009. We developed a method to estimate the effects of extrinsic (EF) and intrinsic (IF) factors on model uncertainty using Modis images. Results indicated that 71.1% of the instability in classification between time periods was due to EF, which might include changes in atmospheric conditions, sun-view angle and water quality. The remainder was due to IF, such as phenological and growth status differences between time periods. The modified version of Model-10 (i.e. @entity3232 (m)) performed better than traditional @entity3232 with different image dates. When applied to 2009 images, the @entity3232 (m) version of Model-10 had very similar thresholds and performance as Model-09, with overall accuracies of 92.8% and 90.5% for Model-09 and the @entity3232 (m) version of Model-10, respectively. @entity3232 (m) decreased the variability related to EF and IF and thereby improved the applicability of the models to different time periods. In both practice and theory, our results suggested that @entity3232 (m) was more stable than traditional @entity3232 models and could be used to map @entity47 in time periods other than the one for which the model was developed.

title: Remote sensing of XXXX distribution in Taihu Lake using an improved classification tree with modified thresholds.

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['aquatic vegetation']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['Classification trees', 'CT']

answer: @entity47 :: (MESH:D018458,Disease) :: ['aquatic vegetation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate response to sequential treatment schedules and risk of development of @entity302 in childhood. METHODS: All @entity1 younger than 14 years with two or more unprovoked @entity410 seen at our hospital between 1994 and 2004 were included and prospectively followed. " @entity410 control" was defined as a 2-year @entity410 -free interval without further recurrences except those related to attempts of medication withdrawal and " @entity302 " as failure of >2 drugs plus >1 @entity410 /month for > or =18 months. RESULTS: 343 @entity1 were included, 191 males and 152 females. Mean age at diagnosis was 4y 10 mo (SD 3 year 10 month). Mean follow-up period was 76.2 mo (SD 35.2). The probability of achieving " @entity410 control" was 70% and 86% at 5 and 10 years. 59% of @entity1 were "controlled" with the first drug used. Among @entity1 failing the first, second and third therapeutic regimen due to lack of efficacy, 39%, 23% and 12% respectively were finally "controlled" with subsequent treatment schedules Risk of development of @entity302 was 8% and 12% at 6 and 10 years. CONCLUSION: After failing a first drug, a significant proportion of @entity1 can still be controlled with subsequent therapeutic schedules. Only a small proportion develops @entity302 .

title: Response to sequential treatment schedules in childhood XXXX : risk for development of @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Overexpression of @entity2247 is proved to contribute to @entity5 promotion and @entity105 through stimulating cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing the invasiveness of @entity5 cells. Apoptosis-related molecules are potential predictive markers for survival and @entity137 in @entity902 treatment. This study aimed at investigating the association between @entity2247 polymorphisms and the occurrence of grade 3 or 4 @entity137 in advanced @entity1149 @entity1 treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and twelve @entity1 with inoperable stage IIIB-IV NSCLC received first-line chemotherapy between 2007 and 2009 were recruited in this study. Four functional @entity2247 polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. RESULTS: The incidence of grade 3 or 4 @entity1503 was significantly higher in G allele carriers of the @entity2247 @entity17531 ( @entity50802 ) polymorphism compared with wild-type homozygotes AA (P value=0.008; odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence internal, 1.26-4.84) and the significance still existed after the Bonferroni correction. Statistically significant difference was also found in grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 (P value=0.010; OR=2.82; 95%CI=1.28-6.20). No other significant association was observed between genotype and @entity137 in the study. The haplotype analysis showed that the haplotype AGG was associated with a reduced risk of grade 3 or 4 hematologic and @entity137 (P value=0.009; OR=0.59; 95%CI=0.39-0.88 and P value=0.025; OR=0.61; 95%CI=0.39-0.94, respectively) while the haplotype GGG was associated with an increased risk of grade 3 or 4 hematologic and @entity137 (P value=0.009; OR=1.71; 95%CI=1.14-2.56 and P value=0.025; OR=1.65; 95%CI =1.06-2.57, respectively). CONCLUSION: This investigation for the first time suggested that polymorphism in @entity2247 @entity17531 may be a potent bio-marker in predicting severe @entity1503 in NSCLC @entity1 after @entity902 -based chemotherapy.

title: The association between @entity2247 polymorphisms and @entity1503 in @entity1 with advanced XXXX treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'leukopenia toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: We sought to characterize @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) pseudoprogression after radiosurgery to assess its incidence, causative factors, and association with radiation-induced adverse effects. We performed a retrospective study of @entity5513 treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery during 2005-2009. Seventy-five @entity1 had at least 24 months of clinical and radiographic follow-up (median, 29 months) and were included. @entity5 response was calculated volumetrically using Gamma plan software on consecutive MRIs. All treatment plans were reviewed for dosimetry characteristics. Forty-nine @entity5513 (65%) were stable or regressed after treatment. Seventeen (23%) underwent pseudoprogression, with onset of enlargement at 6 months. Seven (9%) remained larger than initial treatment volume at last follow-up. Nine (12%) had persistent growth. Three @entity1 underwent subsequent microsurgery. One @entity1 required intervention at 3 months for cystic enlargement; otherwise, all @entity1 with progressive enlargement had stable @entity5513 until at least 24 months. Twenty-six @entity1 (34.7%) developed nonauditory adverse radiation effects after treatment, including @entity129 , @entity2055 , and @entity1276 . There was no statistical association between onset of clinical deterioration and @entity5 response. Volume changes in the first 24 months after radiosurgery rarely herald treatment failure. Any volume change after 24 months is indicative of treatment failure. Pseudoprogression does not appear to be independently linked to radiation-induced morbidity, and there are no @entity1 -related or radiosurgical parameters that predict @entity5 response.

title: @entity5 pseudoprogression following radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of a @entity20123 before the age of 60 years has been associated with the presence of @entity731 and the occurrence of @entity1007 . The aim of this observational study was to assess the correlation between the presence of a @entity20123 and the severity of @entity453 . METHODS: A consecutive group of 200 Caucasian @entity1 aged 40-60 years were studied. All @entity1 were scheduled for diagnostic coronary angiography in a tertiary referral center. RESULTS: The severity of @entity301 was assessed by coronary angiography. A @entity20123 was observed in 38% of the @entity1 . The prevalence of multivessel disease on a coronary angiogram was significantly higher in the group of @entity1 with @entity20123 (p < 0.02). @entity1 with a @entity20123 compared to @entity1 without a @entity20123 were slightly older (p < 0.05). Corrected for age, @entity1 with an arcus has a relative risk for multivessel disease of 3.3 (CI 1.1-12.1, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In Caucasian @entity1 with symptoms of @entity301 , the presence of a @entity20123 below 60 years of age indicates a high risk for multivessel @entity453 .

title: @entity20123 : indicator for severity of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity20123 :: ('MESH:D001112', 'Disease') :: ['corneal arcus']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of 54 @entity1 (1976-1989) with penetrating @entity130 was carried out to evaluate the options in management. The diagnosis was made on proctosigmoidoscopy in 39 @entity1 and at laparotomy in 15. Three @entity1 died within 24 hours from extensive associated @entity130 ( @entity1661 Index [ATI] 39.2). In the remaining 51 @entity1 , rectal wound repair was performed in seven @entity1 , four without proximal colostomy (mean ATI 16.5) and three with @entity532 . Colostomy and presacral drainage with or without repair were employed in 43 @entity1 . Twenty-one of these @entity1 had rectal washout in addition. The other 22 @entity1 did not have this procedure. The incidence of @entity530 in these two groups, who had comparable mean ATI, was identical (4.7% and 4.5%, respectively). One other @entity1 with an extraperitoneal @entity130 had a colostomy alone without presacral drainage and subsequently developed @entity530 . The overall incidence of abscess was three of 51 @entity1 or 5.8%. There were no late deaths from sepsis. It is concluded that colostomy (loop or end) and presacral drainage are the most important components of @entity130 management. Small and isolated rectal or rectosigmoid perforations may be repaired primarily without fecal diversion. The value of distal rectal irrigation remains to be proven, but it may be indicated in high-energy injuries of the rectum.

title: Management options in penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal Trauma']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['colostomy (mean ATI 24.8) without complications']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rectal injury', 'rectal injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['rectal injuries']