abstract: The central neural pathways underlying the physiological coordination between thermoregulation and the controls of the wake-sleep behavior and cardiovascular function remain insufficiently understood. Growing evidence supports the involvement of @entity24068 (orexin) peptides in behavioral, cardiovascular, and thermoregulatory functions. We investigated whether the effects of ambient temperature on wake-sleep behavior and cardiovascular control depend on the hypothalamic neurons that release @entity24068 peptides. Orexin- @entity8754 @entity19 with genetic ablation of @entity24068 neurons (n = 11) and wild-type controls (n = 12) were instrumented with electrodes for sleep scoring and a telemetric blood pressure transducer. Simultaneous sleep and blood pressure recordings were performed on freely-behaving @entity19 at ambient temperatures ranging between mild cold (20  C) and the thermoneutral zone (30  C). In both @entity19 groups, the time spent awake and blood pressure were higher at 20  C than at 30  C. The cold-related increase in blood pressure was significantly smaller in @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) than either in @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) or wakefulness. Blood pressure was higher in wakefulness than either in @entity11755 or @entity11755 at both ambient temperatures. This effect was significantly blunted in orexin- @entity8754 @entity19 irrespective of ambient temperature and particularly during @entity11755 . These data demonstrate that @entity24068 neurons are not a necessary part of the central pathways that coordinate thermoregulation with wake-sleep behavior and cardiovascular control. Data also support the hypothesis that @entity24068 neurons modulate changes in blood pressure between wakefulness and the sleep states. These concepts may have clinical implications in @entity1 with @entity2724 with @entity2725 , who lack @entity24068 neurons.

title: Effects of ambient temperature on sleep and cardiovascular regulation in @entity19 : the role of XXXX /orexin neurons.

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['rapid-eye-movement sleep', 'non-rapid-eye-movement sleep', 'REMS', 'NREMS']

answer: @entity24068 :: (15171(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['hypocretin']


abstract: @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) plays a pivotal role in tissue degradation during @entity5 spread and @entity3 . We have quantitated @entity2290 in tissue homogenates of 31 serous @entity43 and localized @entity2290 and its mRNA in tissue sections of 26 serous @entity43 . The content of @entity2290 was higher in malignant than in @entity5 , with the highest levels being found in poorly differentiated @entity5 . In tissue sections, the @entity2290 mRNA was hybridized with a radiolabeled RNA probe. Signals were almost exclusively found in the epithelium in @entity5 and in well-differentiated @entity5 . Poorly differentiated @entity5 and @entity3 exhibited prominent stromal expression of @entity2290 mRNA, whereas epithelial expression was weak or absent. Immuno-histochemical staining co-localized @entity2290 antigen with its mRNA in the epithelium of @entity5 and in well-differentiated @entity5 . Poorly differentiated @entity5 showed extensive immunostaining in the epithelium in addition to stromal staining. The @entity2290 mRNA-expressing and @entity2290 -immunostained cells in the stroma were not @entity5 cells since no cells in the stroma were positive for cytokeratin. Poorly differentiated @entity5 had increased numbers of stromal macrophages ( @entity469 ), and they co-localized with some of the @entity2290 -positive cells. The presence of @entity2290 antigen and the absence of @entity2290 mRNA in @entity5 epithelium of poorly differentiated @entity5 and @entity3 together with the presence of @entity2290 mRNA in the stroma suggests production in stromal cells and subsequent binding to receptor sites in @entity5 cells.

title: High tissue content of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) is associated with high stromal expression of @entity2290 mRNA in poorly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign and borderline tumors', 'cancers', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['Urokinase plasminogen activator', 'u-PA']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['differentiated serous ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: Experimental autoimmune @entity4643 (EAU) has been extensively studied as a model for @entity1 posterior @entity1596 , however, few ultrastructural studies of EAU in the @entity35 have been reported. In the present report we document a systematic time-course study of the posterior segment changes in the Lewis @entity35 . The disease varied somewhat in severity in animals sacrificed at identical times after immunisation. In the prodromal stage of the disease, usually around day 14, early pathological changes included mild @entity1333 and low grade mononuclear and neutrophilic infiltration of the subretinal space with phagocytosis of the rod outer segments. The features of the severe or active diseases were most evident on day 21 and included mixed cellular infiltrate of the vitreous, subretinal serohaemorrhagic exudate, focal @entity1713 and @entity39 . Outer retinal destruction was often most severe adjacent areas of @entity4816 . Focal monocytic subpigment epithelial microgranulomas, reminiscent of Dalen-Fuch's nodules in @entity1 , were also identified. By day 28 and 49 active @entity32 had subsided and large segments of the outer retina were completely destroyed. The @entity989 ( @entity989 ) also showed signs of activation in the vicinity of focal retinochoroidal mononuclear infiltrates including multilayering, proliferation and increased phagocytosis. Finally, neovascularisation of the @entity989 by non-fenestrated capillaries derived from the retinal vasculature was evident in the late stages of the disease.

title: Ultrastructural pathology of experimental autoimmune @entity1596 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['peripapillary vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['uveoretinitis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the decision-making processes used by @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 who were considering treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity263 from outpatient urology clinics and urologists' private practices were approached before treatment. Their decision-making processes and information-seeking behaviour was assessed; demographic information was also obtained. RESULTS: Of 119 @entity1 approached, 108 (90%) were interviewed; 91% reported non-systematic decision processes, with deferral to the doctor, positive and negative recollections of others' @entity5 experiences, and the pre-existing belief that surgery is a better @entity5 treatment being most common. For systematic information processing the mean (sd, range) number of items considered was 4.19 (2.28, 0-11), with 57% of @entity1 considering four or fewer treatment/medical aspects of @entity263 . @entity1 most commonly considered @entity5 stage (59%), @entity322 (55%) and @entity323 (51%) after surgery, and low overall mortality (45%). Uncertainty about probabilities for cure was reported by 43% of @entity1 and fear of @entity5 spread by 37%. @entity1 also described uncertainty about the probabilities of side-effects (27%), decisional uncertainty (25%) and anticipated decisional regret (18%). Overall, 73% of @entity1 sought information about @entity263 from external sources, most commonly the Internet, followed by family and friends. CONCLUSIONS: In general, @entity1 did not use information about medical treatments comprehensively or systematically when making treatment decisions, and their processing of medical information was biased by their previous beliefs about @entity5 and health. These findings have implications for the provision of informational and decisional support to @entity1 considering @entity263 treatment.

title: Making decisions about treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our early experience with endovascular treatment of @entity1 with @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ). METHODS: Between March 1998 and October 2004, 40 consecutive @entity1 with an RAAA presented to our unit; 38 underwent assessment by computed tomography, whereas 2 died on arrival before any assessment and treatment was possible. Twenty-three @entity1 (61%) were suitable for stent grafting, and all proceeded to endovascular repair. Of these, 17 underwent operation with local anesthesia, 1 did so under general anesthesia, and a further 5 procedures were commenced under local anesthesia and converted to general anesthesia. A total of 14 bifurcated and 10 aortouni-iliac stent grafts were implanted; in 1 @entity1 , the bifurcated graft was converted to an aortouni-iliac repair during surgery because of technical difficulties. RESULTS: Stent-graft deployment in the intended location without a type I or III endoleak was technically successful in 22 of the 23 @entity1 . There were no conversions to open surgery. The 30-day mortality was 39%. Six @entity1 died immediately or soon after the procedure because of severe @entity3485 shock, and three died within 30 days from cardiac causes. After surgery, 13 complications were encountered in 10 @entity1 (3 cardiac, 4 respiratory, 5 renal, and 1 implant related). Two @entity1 required reintervention--one for a @entity1070 and one for limb occlusion. There were 14 survivors. During a median follow-up of 410 days (range, 90-1650 days), 2 more @entity1 died from @entity583 , and 9 remain well; 3 @entity1 were lost to follow-up. There were three secondary interventions (two for @entity1070 and one for stent-graft @entity715 ). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment of @entity1755 is feasible, and the early experience is promising. More experience and evidence from randomized trials are needed to determine whether such an approach is superior to open surgery.

title: Endovascular management of XXXX : 6-year experience from a Greek center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['RAAAs', 'ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type I endoleak']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the association of @entity49845 @entity49846 polymorphism with susceptibility and progression of @entity8 in Chinese population. METHODS: 435 @entity8 @entity1 and their family members were recruited for a family-based association study. Genotypes of @entity49845 @entity49846 were determined by direct sequencing. The results were analyzed by transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and haplotype relative risk (HRR). Clinical data and histological scores of renal lesions were compared between @entity1 with different genotypes. According to disease stability, @entity8 @entity1 were divided into progressive group and stable group. The distribution of genotype frequencies were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: TDT revealed that @entity49845 23167G alleles were transmitted more frequently from heterozygous parents to @entity1 than expected (classical TDT: chi2 = 5.435, p = 0.020, extended TDT: chi2 = 5.017, p = 0.025). HRR analyses showed significant differences between transmitted and nontransmitted allele frequencies (chi2 = 7.006, p = 0.008, HRR = 1.762). The scores of glomerular index and @entity8 index were higher in GG genotype @entity1 than those in other genotypes (F = 4.570, p = 0.033, F = 4.324, p = 0.038, respectively). The distribution frequency of GG genotype in the progressive group was higher than that of the stable group (chi2 = 4.370, p = 0.037). No statistical difference was found in tubulo-interstitial index, vascular index and clinical characteristics between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of @entity49845 @entity49846 is associated with susceptibility and progression of @entity8 in Chinese population. GG genotype is associated with severe histological lesions and progression of the disease.

title: A family-based association study of @entity49845 @entity49846 polymorphism with susceptibility and progression of XXXX in a Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'glomerular sclerosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: Previous experiments in our laboratory have shown that lesions of the mammillary bodies (MB) in @entity19 induce @entity2414 in spontaneous spatial alternation (SA) tasks. However, it has also been shown that performance on memory tasks by both @entity1 and animals depends on the degree of effort involved in a given task. Thus, we hypothesized that the involvement of MB-damaged subjects in tasks that require more effortful processing than does SA might reduce their @entity2414 . Accordingly, in the first experiment, the effects of @entity75 were studied in both an SA and a rewarded alternation (RA) task. Daily test sessions consisted of six successive trials separated by a short intertrial interval (ITI) of 30 sec, which allowed us to study interference (i.e., the deleterious effect of the first trials of a session on the performance on the last trials of a session). Results of the first experiment showed that the MB-lesioned subjects were impaired on their performance on the SA (they were more sensitive to interference than were controls) but not RA task. This finding is consistent with our hypothesis. In the second experiment, the ITI in the RA task was increased from 50 sec to 3 min. At the longer ITI (3 min), we found that the MB-lesioned subjects had the same deficit in performance that the MB-lesioned subjects had on the SA task at an ITI of 30 sec. Control @entity19 also had a similar deficit in performance at the ITI of 5 min. We suggest that even in the RA task, the performance of MB-damaged subjects remains more sensitive to time-dependent interference than does the performance of controls. The significance of our study to the understanding of @entity2730 (especially @entity9137 and frontal lobe pathology) is discussed.

title: Effects of ibotenic lesions of mammillary bodies on spontaneous and rewarded spatial alternation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MB lesions']

entities_list: @entity9137 :: ('MESH:D020915', 'Disease') :: ["Korsakoff's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity6 , a variety of pro-inflammatory cellular changes has been found in various cell types, including monocytes which are known to be involved in all the phases of atherogenesis. @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) type 1 receptor ( @entity7743 ) mediates the pro-atherogenic effects of @entity2178 whereas the type 2 receptor (AT2R) seems associated with atheroprotection. We sought to investigate the potential changes of @entity7743 -AT2R expression in @entity1 monocytes of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 and in @entity753 subjects, upon clinical treatment with @entity8671 . METHODS: The @entity7743 membrane protein and mRNA @entity7743 and AT2R expression in monocytes were investigated in 10 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 and in 10 @entity753 subjects, before and after 3-month @entity8671 treatment. Moreover, the serum cytokine levels of interferon-y (IFN-y) and @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) were detected. RESULTS: As expected, @entity8671 was associated with a change in the lipid profile in the two groups. Both the membrane protein (P   =   0.008) and the @entity7743 mRNA expression (P   =   0.038) were significantly reduced during treatment in the absence of AT2R expression change in @entity6 @entity1 whereas no significant difference was observed in @entity753 subjects. The serum @entity3646 levels were increased during treatment whereas no change was observed in IFN-y in @entity6 @entity1 . No cytokine change was observed in @entity753 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our study on monocytes of @entity6 @entity1 , showing a reduced @entity7743 but not AT2R expression during @entity8671 treatment, suggests that statin therapy may modulate favorably the @entity7743 -AT2 receptor balance in subjects with coexistent type 2 @entity6 .

title: @entity2178 type 1 and type 2 receptor expression in circulating monocytes of @entity6 and @entity753 XXXX over 3-month @entity8671 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic-hypercholesterolemic', 'diabetic- hypercholesterolemic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II', 'Ang II']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Reports from several countries indicate that @entity1 are disadvantaged in the treatment of @entity301 . The aim of the present review is to examine--on the basis of current population-based data (National Health Survey [NHS], hospital diagnosis registry, mortality rates)--whether in the Federal Republic of Germany more recently a change in favor of @entity1 could be established. According to NHS results prevalence rates of @entity101 , overweight, and smoking in @entity1 exceed those of @entity1 , whereas hypercholesterolaemia is equally prevalent in both sexes. From 1984/85 to 1990/91 the NHS revealed a marked decline of smoking in @entity1 , and a parallel increase in @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity662 shows no gender difference, but @entity662 in @entity1 is more predictive for @entity453 . In @entity583 [ @entity583 ] thrombolysis and PTCA are applied with equal frequency; the average length of stay in hospital is greater for @entity1 . Coronary bypass surgery and rehabilitation in hospitals are less frequently applied in @entity1 . Little is known about gender differences in psychosocial adaptation after @entity583 . @entity583 mortality rates in all age groups are lower in @entity1 , and their mean age of @entity204 is higher. However, the decline of @entity583 mortality since 1980 was less pronounced in @entity1 compared to @entity1 .

title: [Sex-specific differences in risks and management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Significance of flow cytometric DNA analysis in metastatic lymph nodes for assessing malignant potential of @entity14 was investigated using @entity982 -embedded materials of primary lesions and metastatic lymph nodes from 65 @entity1 who had been treated between 1975 and 1990. The DNA ploidy patterns of metastatic nodes were identical in 61.5% with those of primary lesions. @entity5 were significantly more frequent in metastatic nodes than in primary lesions. There were significantly more @entity5 in proximal nodes than in distant nodes. There was no relation between ploidy patterns in primary lesions and survival. However, a significant relation was found between ploidy patterns in metastatic nodes and survival. @entity5 in metastatic nodes had a significantly better survival than @entity5 , in all @entity1 as well as those with curative resection. In @entity1 with stage III and in those with the same depth of invasion, the survival rate of @entity5 in metastatic nodes was significantly higher. There was no correlation between ploidy patterns in metastatic nodes and clinicopathological variables in primary lesions, such as histological type, depth of invasion, @entity13849 involvement, peritoneal or hepatic involvement and stage. These results suggest that nuclear DNA content in metastatic lymph nodes may be a prognostic indicator in @entity14 with @entity13849 involvement.

title: [Clinical significance of flow cytometric DNA analysis in metastatic lymph node of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Diploid cancer', 'Diploid cancers', 'diploid cancer', 'aneuploid cancer', 'aneuploid cancers']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity2329 has been a representative soil-transmitted intestinal parasitic disease in warm climates. In Japan, this disease was a major and serious public health problem only a few decades ago. However, the incidence of the disease nowadays is reportedly less than 0.01%. Recently in 1994 through 1995, we experienced a total of 14 cases who were suspected as having @entity2329 . They were characterized by peripheral blood @entity1712 (30-70%), high serum titers against Ascaris antigen, and most notably, they were absolutely negative for Ascaris eggs in repeated fecal examinations. Specific antibody titers against Ascaris antigen correlated well with the degree of @entity1712 . All @entity1 were living in narrow areas of Kyushu, Japan, where a lot of porcine farms were located. Most of the @entity1 were asymptomatic and pointed out to have @entity1712 during follow-up studies of @entity102 or in regular check-up. Only one @entity1 had a clear sign of @entity244 and another had subcutaneous @entity1712 . However, laboratory examinations revealed moderate @entity409 in 7 @entity1 and pulmonary infiltrations in 5 @entity1 . Based on circumstantial and serological evidence, these @entity1 were diagnosed as having been infected with @entity9124 suum, a @entity1707 Ascaris.

title: An outbreak of @entity2329 with marked XXXX in the southern part of Kyushu District, Japan, caused by infection with @entity1707 ascaris.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma', 'eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['Ascariasis', 'ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["L  ffler's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: Among 457 esophageal @entity850 treated between 1954 and 1977, 258 (56%) were @entity850 . The treatment of those is the most difficult. Functionnal healding was satisfactory in 93% of the treated cases by dilatations. Four strict rules ought to be observed in the management of this cases. Immediate and long terme antibiotic treatment of the @entity2910 . X rays are the only means to be used during evolution of @entity2910 . No instrumental performance until sufficient cicatrization. Retrograde dilatations after gastrostomy shall be prefered in serious cases. @entity354 may complicate this evolution and require surgery. Total esophageal replacement can be averted in most cases.

title: [Assessment of a thirty year long experience in treatment of esophageal XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['corrosive esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['caustic stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastro-esophageal reflux']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['caustic stenosis']


abstract: @entity409 is considered the primary substrate for the functional declines observed within the nervous system during age-related @entity179 . Dietary restriction (DR), which extends lifespan in numerous species, has been shown to have beneficial effects on many @entity179 models. Existing data sets suggest that the effects of DR during disease include the amelioration of synaptic dysfunction but evidence of the beneficial effects of diet on the synapse is lacking. @entity50398 mutant flies have significant increases in mortality rates and exhibit progressive loss of motor function. Using a novel @entity238 motor disease model, we demonstrate that mutant flies raised on a low calorie diet have enhanced motor function and improved survival compared to flies on a high calorie diet. @entity179 in this model is characterized by an early impairment of neurotransmission that precedes the deterioration of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology. In mutant flies, low calorie diet increases neurotransmission, but has little effect on morphology, supporting the hypothesis that enhanced neurotransmission contributes to the effects of diet on motor function. Importantly, the effects of diet on the synapse are not because of the reduction of mutant pathologies, but by the increased release of synaptic vesicles during activity. The generality of this effect is demonstrated by the observation that diet can also increase synaptic vesicle release at wild-type NMJs. These studies reveal a novel presynaptic mechanism of diet that may contribute to the improved vigor observed in mutant flies raised on low calorie diet.

title: Effects of diet on synaptic vesicle release in XXXX complex mutants: a mechanism for improved vitality during motor disease.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Synaptic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease', 'Neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity50398 :: (39536(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['dynactin']


abstract: Previous reports regarding the efficacy of levo-T4 ( @entity2016 ) in preventing postoperative recurrence of @entity5651 have been controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of long-term @entity2016 treatment on thyroid volume after thyroidectomy for @entity5651 . We studied 202 consecutive @entity1 operated on for @entity5651 and followed them for a minimum of 12 months (median, 10 yr; range, 1-14 yr). Three months after thyroidectomy, @entity1 were randomized to @entity2016 treatment (group A, n = 100) with an initial dose of 150 microg daily and to no treatment (group B, n = 102). All were clinically and biochemically euthyroid, and preoperatively none were taking any thyroid and/or antithyroid medication. Standard thyroid function variables and ultrasonically determined thyroid volume (normal range, 9-28 mL) were determined before and 3 and 12 months after randomization and yearly thereafter. Recurrence was defined as an ultrasonically enlarged thyroid gland. Clinical data were similar between the two groups. Incidence of recurrence in group A was 19/100 (21%; 95% CL 0-42%; life-table analysis) and in group B 27/102 (35%; CL 7-64%) (P = 0.16) and was related to removed amount, remnant size, and pathoanatomical diagnosis but not type of operation or postoperative level of serum TSH and T4. @entity2016 dose had to be reduced in 36 of 100 @entity1 because of side effects of the treatment. In conclusion, the possible benefits of @entity2016 treatment should be weighed against the possible side effects. Our study does not support the routine postoperative use of @entity2016 .

title: Is routine thyroxine treatment to hinder postoperative recurrence of XXXX justified?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['nontoxic goiter', 'benign nontoxic goiter']

answer: @entity5651 :: (MESH:D006042,Disease) :: ['nontoxic goiter']


abstract: @entity1252 is considered to be a high risk factor for @entity2521 . As an @entity792 of unknown origin, @entity3830 ( @entity3830 ) is subdivided into 3 categories: chronic (CCLE), subacute (SCLE), and acute (ACLE). While the ACLE has a high prevalence of conjunctive periodontal lesions, aggressive @entity2521 in @entity1 with CCLE has been rarely reported. This article describes the case of a @entity1 diagnosed with aggressive @entity2521 . Three months after the diagnosis of @entity2521 , the @entity1 experienced advancing hair loss ( @entity1665 ), pale fingers and toes, as well as @entity4 . Skin biopsy showed @entity5656 with perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate. Colliquation of the basal cells, thickening of the basal lamina, and @entity13312 of basal keratinocytes were also found. A lupus band test was positive, and diagnosis of CCLE was established. Three months following the treatment of lupus with antimalarial agents, the periodontal condition became stable with no further exacerbation or progression of the existing @entity2521 . An 11-month postsurgical follow-up revealed stable periodontal and general medical conditions. A @entity1 's medical history should be re-evaluated in the event of recurrence of periodontal lesions refractory to periodontal treatment. The control of systemic conditions like @entity1252 is essential for a good prognosis in the treatment of @entity2521 as well as for the general health of the @entity1 .

title: Aggressive periodontitis in a @entity1 with chronic XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['follicular hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema in the legs and around the eyes']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus erythematosus', 'lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus', 'CLE']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity3830 :: (MESH:D008178,Disease) :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Outpatient therapy of @entity1 with @entity1151 has been shown to be is safe in carefully selected @entity1 . Problems related to the injection of low-molecular-weight heparin at home can be overcome by use of novel oral anticoagulants. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the prevalence of home treatment in the @entity7971 of novel oral anticoagulants. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 >=  aged 18 years with @entity1151 seen in 5 emergency departments from January 2013 - December 2014. RESULTS: @entity1151 was diagnosed in 983 @entity1 . Among these, 237 were considered ineligible for home treatment because of instability or @entity519 . Home treatment was selected for 13 of 746 (1.7%) @entity1 who were potentially eligible. Anticoagulant treatment for those treated at home was low molecular-weight heparin and/or @entity1229 in 9 (69.2%) and novel oral anticoagulants in 4 (30.8%). Hospitalization was chosen for 733 of 746 (98.3%). Discharge in  <= 2 days was in 119 @entity1 (16.2%). Treatment of these @entity1 was low molecular-weight heparin and/or @entity1229 in 76 (63.9%), novel oral anticoagulants in 34 (28.6%) and in 9 (7.6%), anticoagulants were not given because of @entity5 or treatment was not known. CONCLUSION: Even in the @entity7971 of novel oral anticoagulants, the vast majority of @entity1 with @entity1151 were hospitalized, and only a small proportion were discharged in  <= 2 days. Even though home treatment has been found to be safe in carefully selected @entity1 , and scoring systems have been derived to identify those at low risk of adverse events, home treatment was infrequently selected.

title: Home Treatment of XXXX in the @entity7971 of Novel Oral Anticoagulants.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'acute pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Embolism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) in subjects with controlled primary @entity10064 (PCG) and nonglaucomatous subjects and to investigate the correlation between @entity2840 and intraocular pressure (IOP) in the study population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive PCG cases with controlled IOP and no clinical evidence of @entity3279 comprised the Study Group. There was an interval of at least 2 months between last intraocular surgery and inclusion in the study. Twenty-one subjects with strabismus or lacrimal @entity1887 who did not have @entity726 or any history of intraocular surgery or ocular @entity130 comprised the control group. The Control Group was age and sex-matched. Data from ultrasonic pachymetry and applanation tonometry were analyzed for differences between groups. Correlation of the study parameters was investigated. A P-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: Data from both eyes of subjects in the Study Group and Control Group were included in the original analysis. Mean @entity2840 was statistically significantly higher in the Study Group compared to the Control Group (589.42    53.44  m vs. 556.14    30.51  m, respectively; P=0.001). There was a significant correlation between @entity2840 and IOP (r=0.63; P<0.0001). Similar statistically significant outcomes were observed when only one eye per subject was used in a reanalysis of the data for the Study and Control Groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with PCG who had controlled IOP have statistically significantly thicker corneas than nonglaucomatous age and sex-matched subjects The thicker cornea could significantly alter IOP measurement with applanation tonometry. Pachymetry should be considered an essential part of the evaluation for PCG.

title: Central corneal thickness in Iranian @entity10064 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['drainage insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report two cases of semi-invasive @entity57 with a thoracic wall extension in the first case and a @entity1333 without @entity3 in the second. Semi-invasive @entity57 is an identifiable entity. It is characterized by impairment of local pulmonary defense mechanisms and/or a mild systemic immunosuppression as well as a slowly progressive course. Pulmonary symptoms are not specific. The thoracic wall involvement subsequent to a @entity358 occurs rarely and indicates poor prognosis. CT scan improves diagnosis significantly, confirmed by histology and/or by the biopsy growth of Aspergillus. @entity2059 , tolerated better than @entity2379 , is an efficient treatment though prognosis remains poor (28% of @entity204 ). Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (diffuse cytoplasmic staining) evolving conversely to this disease seems to be associated with @entity1333 . These antibodies are found in @entity1333 and especially in @entity2883 with a high specificity. They have also been described in a few @entity1 with @entity166 .

title: [Semi-invasive XXXX with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['parietal vasculitis', 'infectious vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['contiguous pulmonary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus invasion']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole']

answer: @entity57 :: (MESH:D055732,Disease) :: ['diffuse pulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: Multidrug resistance of the pandemic H1N1-2009 strain of @entity683 has been reported due to widespread treatment using the @entity689 (NA) inhibitors, @entity684 (Tamiflu), and @entity685 (Relenza). From clinical data, the single @entity29788 (IR(1)) mutant of H1N1-2009 NA reduced efficacy of @entity684 and @entity685 by 45 and 10 times, (1) respectively. More seriously, the efficacy of these two inhibitors against the double mutant @entity29788 / @entity15998 (IRHY(2)) was significantly reduced by a factor of 12   374 and 21 times, respectively, compared to the wild-type.(2) This has led to the question of why the efficacy of the NA inhibitors is reduced by the occurrence of these mutations and, specifically, why the efficacy of @entity684 against the double mutant IRHY was significantly reduced, to the point where @entity684 has become an ineffective treatment. In this study, 1  s of @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations was performed to answer these questions. The simulations, run using graphical processors (GPUs), were used to investigate the effect of conformational change upon binding of the NA inhibitors @entity684 and @entity685 in the wild-type and the IR and IRHY mutant strains. These long time scale dynamics simulations demonstrated that the mechanism of resistance of IRHY to @entity684 was due to the loss of key @entity3884 bonds between the inhibitor and residues in the 150-loop. This allowed NA to transition from a closed to an open conformation. @entity684 binds weakly with the open conformation of NA due to poor electrostatic interactions between the inhibitor and the active site. The results suggest that the efficacy of @entity684 is reduced significantly because of conformational changes that lead to the open form of the 150-loop. This suggests that drug resistance could be overcome by increasing @entity3884 bond interactions between NA inhibitors and residues in the 150-loop, with the aim of maintaining the closed conformation, or by designing inhibitors that can form a @entity3884 bond to the mutant R223 residue, thereby preventing competition between R223 and R152.

title: Long time scale GPU dynamics reveal the mechanism of drug resistance of the dual mutant @entity29788 / XXXX @entity689 from H1N1-2009 @entity683 virus.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['Oseltamivir', 'oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

answer: @entity15998 :: (p|SUB|H|275|Y,ProteinMutation) :: ['H275Y']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes results of 336 @entity1 treated for mandible fractures at King/Drew Medical Center in South Central Los Angeles, California from August 1996 to December 2001. Subjects were enrolled in a prospective study to evaluate the association between @entity1 's subjective evaluation and objective clinical evaluations on three surgical outcome measures following orofacial surgery. METHODS: Subjects were assessed at four time periods--hospital discharge, 10 days post-discharge, 1 month post-discharge and 6 months post-discharge. Three outcome measures were utilized to represent perceived health and oral health-related quality of life--General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI); Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5); and a single-item self-reported health status measure. RESULTS: GOHAI scores at 1 month (mean=31.5, SD=9.5) were not substantially higher than at 10 days (mean=28.6, SD=8.8), but scores did improve substantially by 6 months (mean=42.6, SD=10.6). Mean mental health scores ranged from 17.7 at 10 days to 18.0 at 1 month and 18.6 at 6 months. Mean self-reported health status score were approximately 2.2 at all recalls, describing health as 'good.' A longitudinal growth curve analysis of GOHAI scores over four time periods indicated a significantly higher average intercept for the maxillomandibular fixation ( @entity2098 ) treatment group (29.67) than in the @entity2003 ( @entity2003 ) treatment group (25.38). Meanwhile, the increase in GOHAI scores over time was significantly greater in the @entity2003 group than in the @entity2098 group, resulting in scores being comparable between groups after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: By implication, @entity1 with @entity2098 self-report fewer problems in the early days after placement of the intra-arch wire compared with @entity1 with @entity2003 .

title: Using XXXX self-report data to evaluate orofacial surgical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid internal fixation', 'RIF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: CT is often used after plain films to evaluate @entity174 of the tibial plateau. Because MR imaging can show associated soft-tissue injuries as well as @entity174 , we hypothesize that MR is superior to CT for imaging these injuries. Accordingly, we compared the efficacy of MR imaging and CT in 22 @entity1 with @entity174 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: CT with two-dimensional reconstruction and MR examinations were performed in 22 @entity1 with @entity174 . The images were interpreted by four radiologists and two orthopedic surgeons. Findings on CT scans and plain films were used to determine the configuration of the @entity174 and to classify them according to the Schatzker system. This was done with findings on MR images and plain films at a separate session. The MR images were also evaluated for ligamentous and @entity130 . A qualitative side-by-side comparison of two-dimensional CT scans and MR images for depiction of @entity174 configuration was done. Imaging results were correlated with observations from physical examinations in all @entity1 and with surgical findings in 12 @entity1 . RESULTS: All of the six types of @entity174 of the Schatzker classification were observed in this series. Comparison of two-dimensional CT reconstructions and MR images for depiction of @entity174 configuration revealed that the two techniques were equal in 14 @entity1 , MR imaging was superior to CT in five @entity1 , and CT was superior to MR imaging in three @entity1 (who had very complex and comminuted @entity174 ). In addition, MR imaging showed 12 complete ligamentous tears and 15 partial ligamentous tears in 15 (68%) of the 22 @entity1 . MR showed @entity130 in 12 (55%) of the 22 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: MR imaging was equivalent or superior to two-dimensional CT reconstruction for depiction of @entity174 configuration in most @entity1 . In addition, MR showed significant soft-tissue injuries. We believe that MR imaging is the preferable imaging technique for most @entity1 with @entity174 of the tibial plateau.

title: Evaluation of XXXX : efficacy of MR imaging compared with CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial plateau fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial plateau fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and possible efficacy of heparin @entity1372 anticoagulation within 5 hours of the onset of first-ever nonlacunar @entity385 in the internal carotid artery territories. DESIGN: Pilot study, prospective and open. SETTING: Inpatient @entity64 unit. @entity1 : Of 360 @entity64 @entity1 observed during 13 months, 45 (12.5%) were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: @entity6950 was administered intravenously, starting with a bolus of 10,000 U, followed by continuous infusion over 4 days at a rate adjusted to maintain an activated partial thromboplastin time ratio between 2 and 2.5. The mean interval from @entity64 to treatment was 197 minutes. RESULTS: Two @entity1 had @entity1779 , one of which was fatal. None had extracranial major @entity548 , while six had minor @entity548 . The conditions of 23 @entity1 improved, 16 @entity1 were stable, and six @entity1 worsened by day 1, while 29 @entity1 improved, eight @entity1 were stable, and eight @entity1 worsened by day 7. Six @entity1 died by the first month and five more by the sixth month. Twenty-one @entity1 were self-sufficient, both at 1 and 6 months. @entity548 complications were unrelated to any investigated factor. Multivariate analysis indicated that short-term outcome was predicted only by @entity1188 size (P < .0001) and long-term outcome by @entity1188 size (P = .002) and large vessel status (P = .0235). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that immediate heparin treatment for ischemic @entity64 is feasible and generally safe and that @entity1 whose conditions improve are those with smaller @entity1188 size and no evidence of large vessel obstruction.

title: Immediate anticoagulation with heparin for first-ever XXXX in the carotid artery territories observed within 5 hours of onset.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'Hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity6950 :: ('MESH:D006493', 'Chemical') :: ['Heparin sodium']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide practice guidelines for delineating clinical target volume (CTV) for radiotherapy planning of non @entity320 (NMSC) @entity1489 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A prospective, single arm, study. Preoperatively, a radiation oncologist outlined the boundary of a gross lesion, and drew 5-mm incremental marks in four directions from the delineated border. Under local anesthesia, the lesion was excised, and resection margins were assessed microscopically by frozen section. Once resection margins were clear, the microscopic @entity5 extent was calculated using the presurgical incremental markings as references. A potential relationship between the distance of microscopic @entity5 extension and other variables was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 159 lesions in 150 consecutive @entity1 , selected for surgical excision with frozen section assisted assessment of resection margins, were accrued. The distance of microscopic @entity5 extension beyond a gross lesion varied from 1mm to 15 mm, with a mean of 5.3mm. The microscopic @entity5 extent was positively correlated with the size of gross lesion, histology and number of surgical attempts required to obtain a clear margin. To provide a 95% or greater chance of covering microscopic disease we make the following recommendations for CTV margins; 10mm for BCC less than 2 cm, 13 mm for BCC greater than 2 cm, 11 mm for @entity6461 less than 2 cm, and 14 mm for @entity6461 greater than 2 cm. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 greater than 2 cm and @entity6461 histology required larger margins to adequately cover the microscopic extent of disease. This information is crucial in radiation planning of NMSC. Clinicians should be cautioned, as these guidelines may not offer optimum treatment for @entity1 with extremely large or small lesions.

title: Recommendations for CTV margins in radiotherapy planning for non XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['melanoma skin cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prognosis of new @entity1 with T1-4N0-1B0M0 @entity3217 fungoides treated with total skin electron beam radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 25 consecutive @entity1 received 30 Gy with 3 or 4 MeV electrons in 1977-1980; 121 received 35 Gy with 4 MeV in 1980-1992. Response rates, relapse-free survival, and overall and cause-specific survivals were assessed by explicit criteria. The relationships of T, N, gender, age, and radiation technique to prognosis were investigated by regression statistics. RESULTS: The average age was 55 years and the male:female ratio was 1:4. Forty-four percent were T1N0 and 34% were T2N0. The overall complete response rate was 82%, and lower T status, more radiation, and female gender were independently and positively associated with response. Median follow-up was 5.2 years. T1 @entity1 who entered remission had a higher relapse-free survival compared to T2 through T4 @entity1 . Thirty-four percent of T1 @entity1 remained relapse-free at 6 years, compared to fewer than 20% of T2-4 @entity1 . For all 146 @entity1 the median overall survival was not reached at 15 years. Only 8 of 29 deaths were related to @entity3217 fungoides and these were significantly associated with higher T. The 54 T1N0 @entity1 who had 35 Gy had a 10-year @entity3217 fungoides-specific survival of 100%. CONCLUSION: Total skin electron beam radiation gives good results with T1N0B0M0 disease. T3-4 disease is less likely to respond, it relapses more quickly, and it implies a poorer survival, but radiation offers palliation. T2 responds like T1, but relapses like T3-4. T2 also implies an intermediate survival. These results have implications for staging, informed consent, optimizing radiation treatment, and clinical trials.

title: Prognosis with newly diagnosed XXXX fungoides after total skin electron radiation of 30 or 35 GY.

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['mycosis']


abstract: 1. The possibilities for successful conservative treatment of mild lower arch @entity3656 (2 to 5 mm.) are explored for twenty growing @entity1 in the late mixed dentition. 2. Methods of case selection and treatment particulars are presented. 3. Each @entity1 should be considered as an individual with regard to cephalometric norms for the optimal position of the incisors, in determining the size of the leeway space at the lower second deciduous molar position, in evaluating the feasibility of distal uprighting the lower first permanent molars, and in formulating a reasonable treatment plan. 4. It is postulated that oversized lower second deiduous molars may be an etiologic factor in some mild lower arch @entity3656 (r = 0.4; P less than 0.05). 5. The amount that the lower first premolars and lower @entity235 can be distally retracted into the leeway space in these conservatively treated cases is directly related to retraction of the lower incisors (r = 0.7; P less than 0.01). In the present cases uprighting the lower incisors allows the upper teeth to be treated well and together this enables functional and esthetic improvement and tooth stability.

title: The borderline XXXX and conservative treatment in the late mixed dentition.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['length deficiencies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: RNA interference has the potential to specifically knockdown the expression of target genes and thereby transform @entity5 therapy. However, lack of effective delivery of siRNA has dramatically limited its in vivo applications. We have developed a multistage vector ( @entity2073 ) system, composed of discoidal porous @entity6619 particles loaded with nanotherapeutics, that directs effective delivery and sustained release of siRNA in @entity5 tissues. In this study, we evaluated therapeutic efficacy of @entity2073 -loaded @entity22129 siRNA ( @entity2073 / @entity22129 ) with @entity19 orthotopic models of metastatic @entity43 as a first step toward development of a new class of nanotherapeutics for the treatment of @entity43 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tumor accumulation of @entity2073 / @entity22129 and sustained release of siRNA from @entity2073 were analyzed after intravenous administration of @entity2073 /siRNA. @entity19 with metastatic @entity5 were treated with @entity2073 / @entity22129 and @entity1311 , and therapeutic efficacy was assessed. @entity19 with chemotherapy-resistant HeyA8 @entity43 were treated with a combination of @entity2073 / @entity22129 and @entity1205 , and enhanced therapeutic efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS: Treatment of SKOV3ip2 @entity5 @entity19 with @entity2073 / @entity22129 biweekly for 6 weeks resulted in dose-dependent (5, 10, and 15  g/ @entity19 ) reduction of @entity5 weight (36%, 64%, and 83%) and number of @entity5 nodules compared with the control groups. In addition, @entity5 growth was completely inhibited when @entity19 were treated with @entity2073 / @entity22129 in combination with @entity1311 . Furthermore, combination treatment with @entity2073 / @entity22129 and @entity1205 inhibited growth of @entity5 , which were otherwise resistant to @entity1205 treatment. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that @entity2073 / @entity22129 merits further development as a novel therapeutic agent for @entity43 .

title: Enhancing chemotherapy response with sustained XXXX silencing using multistage vector delivery.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'SKOV3ip2 tumors', 'HeyA8-MDR tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Nude mice', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity22129 :: (1969,Gene) :: ['EphA2']


abstract: PURPOSE: The link between @entity5052 and insulin resistance has been noted, but the prevalence of the @entity209 by recent definitions among individuals with @entity5052 remains unclear. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of the @entity209 according to serum @entity414 levels in a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS: By using data from 8669 @entity1 aged 20 years and more in The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), we determined the prevalence of the @entity209 at different serum @entity414 levels. We used both the revised and original National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP/ @entity855 ) III criteria to define the @entity209 . RESULTS: The prevalences of the @entity209 according to the revised NCEP/ @entity855 III criteria were 18.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.8-21.0) for @entity414 levels less than 6 mg/dL, 36.0% (95% CI, 32.5-39.6) for @entity414 levels from 6 to 6.9 mg/dL, 40.8% (95% CI, 35.3-46.4) for @entity414 levels from 7 to 7.9 mg/dL, 59.7% (95% CI, 53.0-66.4) for @entity414 levels from 8 to 8.9 mg/dL, 62.0% (95% CI, 53.0-66.4) for @entity414 levels from 9 to 9.9 mg/dL, and 70.7% for @entity414 levels of 10 mg/dL or greater. The increasing trends persisted in subgroups stratified by sex, age group, @entity167 intake, body mass index, @entity101 , and @entity6 . For example, among individuals with normal body mass index (<25 kg/m2), the prevalence increased from 5.9% (95% CI, 4.8-7.0), for a @entity414 level of less than 6 mg/dL, to 59.0%, (95% CI, 20.1-97.9) for a @entity414 level of 10 mg/dL or greater. With the original NCEP/ @entity855 criteria, the corresponding prevalences were slightly lower. CONCLUSIONS: These findings from a nationally representative sample of US adults indicate that the prevalence of the @entity209 increases substantially with increasing levels of serum @entity414 . Physicians should recognize the @entity209 as a frequent comorbidity of @entity5052 and treat it to prevent serious complications.

title: Prevalence of the XXXX in individuals with @entity5052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Currently, most available @entity1 alignment tools based on implanted markers use manual marker matching and rigid registration transformations to measure the needed translational shifts. To quantify the particular effect of prostate gland shrinkage, implanted gold markers were tracked during a course of radiotherapy including an isotropic scaling factor to model prostate shrinkage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 with @entity263 had gold markers implanted transrectally and seven were treated with (neo) adjuvant @entity342 deprivation therapy. After @entity1 alignment to skin tattoos, orthogonal electronic portal images (EPIs) were taken. A semi-automated 2D/3D marker-based registration was performed to calculate the necessary couch shifts. The registration consists of a rigid transformation combined with an isotropic scaling to model prostate shrinkage. RESULTS: The inclusion of an isotropic shrinkage model in the registration algorithm cancelled the corresponding increase in registration error. The mean scaling factor was 0.89+/-0.09. For all but two @entity1 , a decrease of the isotropic scaling factor during treatment was observed. However, there was almost no difference in the translation offset between the manual matching of the EPIs to the digitally reconstructed radiographs and the semi-automated 2D/3D registration. A decrease in the intermarker distance was found correlating with prostate shrinkage rather than with random marker migration. CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of shrinkage in the registration process reduces registration errors during a course of radiotherapy. Nevertheless, this did not lead to a clinically significant change in the proposed table translations when compared to translations obtained with manual marker matching without a scaling correction.

title: A semi-automated 2D/3D marker-based registration algorithm modelling prostate shrinkage during radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2213 is an effective treatment for @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) @entity981 ( @entity981 ). However, relapse is common in @entity1 with advanced or high risk disease. Such @entity1 may be eligible for allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ), raising the question whether @entity2213 therapy may compromise the outcome of subsequent @entity8 . DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 70 @entity1 with @entity1860 and 21 with Ph+ @entity981 who had received @entity2213 prior to @entity8 . Data were retrieved by directly contacting centers. Multivariate analysis was used to define factors associated with major outcomes (engraftment, @entity2132 , relapse, non-relapse mortality) in addition to descriptive statistics. For the @entity1860 @entity1 major outcomes were compared with those of historical controls drawn from the EBMT registry. RESULTS: At @entity8 , 44% of @entity1860 @entity1 were in accelerated phase or blast crisis and 40% of @entity981 @entity1 had active disease compared to 84% and 95% prior to @entity2213 . At 24 months, estimated transplant-related mortality was 44% and estimated relapse mortality 24%. Factors associated with shorter overall and progression-free survival were advanced disease at @entity8 and a female donor/male recipient pairing. No unusual organ toxicities were observed. Compared to historical controls, prior @entity2213 treatment did not influence overall survival, progression-free survival or non-relapse mortality, while there was a trend towards higher relapse mortality and significantly less @entity2132 . INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of a heterogeneous and relatively small cohort of @entity1 , we found no evidence that @entity2213 negatively affects major outcomes after @entity8 , suggesting that @entity2213 prior to @entity8 is safe.

title: The effect of prior exposure to XXXX on transplant-related mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity177 may reflect intrinsic recovery. Applying the variables of initial @entity16 in the @entity2045 to predict the prognosis of hand function will enable therapists to establish the ultimate goals of rehabilitation and to select the appropriate treatment programs. Pinch and grip strength tests, Frenchay arm function test and the nine-hole peg test were used to determine the relationship between the initial Brunnstrom motor stage of the @entity2045 and the prognosis of hand function after six months. @entity64 @entity1 were divided into three groups. Group I was subjects with a motor stage below the Brunnstrom motor stage III in both proximal and distal parts of the @entity2045 . Group II was subjects with motor stage below Brunnstrom motor stage III in the proximal part and above stage III in the distal part or vice versa. Group III was subjects with a motor stage above Brunnstrom motor stage III both in the proximal and the distal parts. The results of this study indicated that the prognosis of the Brunnstrom motor stage of the @entity2045 generally improved about one or two stages. According to the results of the grip and pinch strength tests, the Frenchay arm function test or the nine-hole peg test, group I @entity1 could hardly use their affected hand functionally. The grip strength and the @entity51 of group I were 93.8% and 91.4% respectively. The grip strength and the @entity51 of group II were 72.1% and 68.5% respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The relationship between early motor stage and hand function recovery six months after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Forty stroke']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological loss']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic hand function']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['pinch strength deficits']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular conduits may be required to gain arterial inflow to the donor hepatic artery in orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: From January 1986 to December 2003, arterial conduits were required in 31/582 (5.3%) adult liver transplant procedures. RESULTS: Indications for the conduit included recipient hepatic artery problems (20); hepatic @entity715 previous allograft (7) and other (4). The conduits used in 28/31 cases (90%) were deceased donor iliac arteries and the remainder prosthetic grafts. @entity1 requiring conduits were more likely to be already hospitalized (P = 0.038) or undergoing a retransplant procedure (P = 0.001) than @entity1 not requiring conduits. Both @entity295 and @entity548 caused @entity204 in 8/31 (26%) @entity1 requiring conduits versus 42/551 (7.6%) @entity1 not requiring conduits. Death from @entity715 of the iliac artery conduit occurred in two cases and from @entity2348 of a prosthetic conduit in one case. For retransplant procedures, allograft loss was seen in 11/13 (84%) conduit cases versus 11/28 (39%) non-conduit cases (P = 0.016). Overall allograft survival was significantly lower in the conduit cases than in the non-conduit cases (P = 0.0001), with 12/31 (39%) allografts being lost within the first 3 months post-transplantation for the conduit cases. CONCLUSION: @entity455 are more commonly required in adult liver transplant recipients who are hospitalized or undergoing retransplant procedures. Allograft survival is poorer in the conduit cases and is associated with complications, particularly @entity295 and @entity548 , following retransplantation procedures.

title: XXXX in adult orthotopic liver transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial vascular conduits']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'artery thrombosis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Arterial vascular conduits']


abstract: @entity3794 is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in interstitium resulting in @entity1576 associated with @entity32 showing mainly neutrophil (PMN) recruitment. The turn over of extracellular matrix is partially regulated by proteases such as metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). We investigated the impact of PMN depletion on the MMP/ @entity5779 imbalance and the development of @entity82 in @entity19 induced by @entity1732 (0.3 mg/ @entity19 ). Administration of 200 microL of rabbit anti-mouse PMN antibody i.p. blunted the neutrophil influx detected in BAL and in whole blood one day after @entity1732 administration. At day(14), @entity720 content was increased both in anti-PMN treated and control @entity19 , without any difference between groups. At day one, @entity1732 elicited a raise in @entity1235 level in BAL that was significantly attenuated in anti-PMN depleted @entity19 , whereas @entity5779 and @entity5780 release were similar in both groups at day(1) and day(14). Higher RNA levels were observed in PMN-treated @entity19 at day(1) for @entity1235 and @entity5780 and at day(14) for @entity5780 only. At day(14), @entity1732 elicited a raise of @entity5779 protein and RNA levels regardless of anti-PMN treatment, whereas @entity1235 returned to basal level. @entity1732 enhanced @entity23298 level in BAL at day(14) only for the control group. The amount of @entity23298 was more important in BAL from anti-PMN treated @entity19 than in control @entity19 at day(1) and day(14). PMN-depletion and the associated modifications in @entity1235 / @entity5779 imbalance in lung during the early inflammatory phase do not alter susceptibility to @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 .

title: Influence of early neutrophil depletion on MMPs/ @entity5779 balance in XXXX -induced @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis', 'pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax can be used in the staging of @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ). However, the prognostic significance of @entity3944 in the lung detected by CT of the thorax has not been well documented. The aim of the study is to define the effect of @entity3944 on the clinical course of the disease. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 who had nonmetastatic GTD underwent CT thorax examination before treatment in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong. All @entity1 had workups which showed no evidence of @entity3 and were diagnosed as FIGO stage IA. They all received @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) infusion therapy. RESULTS: Three groups of @entity1 were identified based on the thorax CT findings. Sixteen @entity1 (45.7%) showed no evidence of @entity3944 on CT thorax. Two of them (12.5%) had poor response to @entity1500 with unsatisfactory fall in serum @entity3566 levels requiring change of chemotherapy to @entity4316 . Nine @entity1 had suspicious @entity3944 and one (11.1%) of them needed change of @entity1500 . Ten @entity1 had @entity3944 and one (10%) of them needed change of @entity1500 . There was only one recurrence and it was in the suspicious @entity3944 group (11.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of poor drug response or recurrence among the three groups of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Micrometastases in the lung do not affect the clinical outcome of @entity1 with FIGO stage IA disease. CT thorax is not essential in the staging of GTD.

title: Clinical outcome of XXXX in the lung in stage IA @entity1469 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['PGTD', 'persistent gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity3944 :: ('MESH:D061206', 'Disease') :: ['micrometastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity3944 :: (MESH:D061206,Disease) :: ['micrometastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that agents which stabilize the mast cell membrane may modulate the phenotype of the vascular wall in a @entity63 -reperfusion model, including altering expression of endothelial and leukocyte adhesion receptors and the inducible @entity842 synthase ( @entity1506 ). METHODS: Three sets of @entity35 were given either intravenous saline (group A), @entity6850 (group B), or cromolyn (group C), respectively. The left pulmonary artery was ligated temporarily and reopened after 2 hours of @entity63 . Then, after a 2-hour period of reperfusion, the left lung was excised. @entity1590 and @entity1506 were measured at the protein level by Western blotting, and @entity6708 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the lung tissue specimens for each drug group. RESULTS: @entity1590 expressions, determined as the intensity of a given band on the Western blot, were 197+/-59 in group B and 195+/-83 in group C versus 369+/-114 in group A (p = 0.002 for analysis of variance). In contrast with @entity1590 , @entity1506 expression was increased by @entity6850 or cromolyn treatment (464+/-82 in group B and 507+/-93 in group C, compared with 377+/-44 for group A, p = 0.007). The finding of increased @entity1506 expression in groups B and C is consistent with the observed increase in tissue @entity6708 levels in the same groups (1.92+/-0.9 pmol/mL for group A versus 7.8+/-3.5 pmol/mL for group B, and 12.4+/-5.8 pmol/mL for group C, p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: These data establish that mast cell stabilizing agents modulate the vascular phenotype in the setting of @entity63 and reperfusion by decreasing @entity1590 expression, augmenting expression of @entity1506 , and increasing tissue @entity6708 levels. As decreasing @entity1590 expression and increasing @entity6708 levels have proven useful to limit proinflammatory mechanisms of tissue injury, mast cell stabilizing agents may provide a new therapeutic option to improve organ function in the setting of reperfusion.

title: Effects of mast cell membrane stabilizing agents in a XXXX @entity63 -reperfusion model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary ischemia', 'lung ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6850 :: ('MESH:D007665', 'Chemical') :: ['ketotifen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report outcomes of multimodality therapy incorporating surgical resection and intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOERT) for @entity1 with locoregionally (LR) recurrent or advanced primary @entity189 . METHODS: From 1983 to 2009, 17 @entity1 , consisting of 11 with LR recurrence after cystectomy for @entity150 , 4 with LR recurrence after nephroureterectomy for @entity1698 , and 2 with advanced primary @entity150 were treated with multimodality therapy. In 8 @entity1 with LR recurrence, the multimodality treatment was a second salvage attempt. Sixteen @entity1 received perioperative external beam radiotherapy (median dose, 50.4 Gy; range, 21.6 to 60 Gy). Extent of resection was R0 (n=7), R1 (n=1), and R2 (n=9). The median IOERT dose was 12.5 Gy (range, 10 to 20 Gy). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and relapse patterns were determined from the date of resection and IOERT using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The median follow-up for surviving @entity1 was 3.6 years (range, 1.1 to 10 y). @entity1349 at 1, 2, and 5 years was 53%, 31%, and 16%, respectively. Central (within the IOERT field), LR ( @entity5 bed or regional lymph nodes), and distant relapses at 2 years were 15%, 49%, and 67%, respectively. On univariate analysis, resection of all gross disease (R0-1) was associated with improved @entity1349 (P=0.03). Mortality within 30 days was 0%. Two @entity1 (12%) experienced NCI-CTCAE grades 4 and 5 late adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with recurrent or advanced @entity189 , this multimodality approach yielded a low rate of recurrence within the IOERT field with acceptable @entity137 . However, LR and distant relapse were common, indicating a need for better @entity1 selection, LR therapy, and systemic therapy.

title: Multimodality therapy including surgical resection and intraoperative electron radiotherapy for recurrent or advanced primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder or ureter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proximal @entity418 has been a disease associated with relatively poor treatment success, partly due to advanced disease at presentation and the morbidity of the surgery required. Therefore, most @entity1 receive palliative radiation therapy, and disease control is poor. METHODS: Between July 1990 and December 1992, nine consecutive @entity1 with proximal @entity1721 were treated with aggressive concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection. Treatment consisted of @entity900 (20 mg/m2/day) and @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2/day), both given as continuous intravenous infusions over 4 days concurrent with accelerated fractionation external beam radiation therapy (150 cGy twice a day to a dose of 2400 cGy). Three weeks after beginning treatment, a second course of chemotherapy and accelerated fractionation radiation therapy was administered to a total preoperative radiation therapy dose of 4500 cGy. After restaging of their disease, @entity1 next underwent surgical resection. A single postoperative course of chemotherapy and 2400 cGy of concurrent accelerated fractionation radiation therapy was administered to those @entity1 with @entity41 in the resection specimen. Two of these nine @entity1 also were given 4-day etoposide infusions (75 mg/m2/day) as part of their chemotherapy and received lower induction radiation therapy doses. RESULTS: Although significant @entity137 was experienced, there were no deaths attributable to the chemoradiotherapy and only one perioperative @entity204 . All nine @entity1 underwent surgery; five required pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. No @entity41 was found in the resection specimen in three of the nine @entity1 . Continuous @entity5 control was achieved in all @entity1 . Only two developed distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: These results, using aggressive multimodality treatment, suggest that excellent locoregional control and long term, disease free survival can be achieved in selected @entity1 with proximal @entity418 .

title: Aggressive concurrent chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection for proximal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that strain echocardiography might improve arrhythmic risk stratification in @entity1 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). BACKGROUND: Prediction of @entity943 after @entity583 is challenging. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% is the main parameter for selecting @entity1 for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter study, 569 @entity1 >40 days after acute @entity583 were included, 268 of whom had ST-segment elevation MIs and 301 non-ST-segment elevation MIs. By echocardiography, global strain was assessed as average peak longitudinal systolic strain from 16 left ventricular segments. Time from the electrocardiographic R-wave to peak negative strain was assessed in each segment. Mechanical dispersion was defined as the standard deviation from these 16 time intervals, reflecting contraction heterogeneity. RESULTS: @entity943 , defined as sustained @entity1165 or @entity944 during a median 30 months (interquartile range: 18 months) of follow-up, occurred in 15 @entity1 (3%). LVEFs were reduced (48    17% vs. 55    11%, p < 0.01), global strain was markedly reduced (-14.8    4.7% vs. -18.2    3.7%, p = 0.001), and mechanical dispersion was increased (63    25 ms vs. 42    17 ms, p < 0.001) in @entity1 with @entity943 compared with those without. Mechanical dispersion was an independent predictor of arrhythmic events (per 10-ms increase, hazard ratio: 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 2.5; p < 0.01). Mechanical dispersion and global strain were markers of @entity943 in @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation MIs (p < 0.05 for both) and in those with LVEFs >35% (p < 0.05 for both), whereas LVEF was not (p = 0.33). A combination of mechanical dispersion and global strain showed the best positive predictive value for arrhythmic events (21%; 95% confidence interval: 6% to 46%). CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical dispersion by strain echocardiography predicted arrhythmic events independently of LVEF in this prospective, multicenter study of @entity1 after @entity583 . A combination of mechanical dispersion and global strain may improve the selection of @entity1 after @entity583 for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy, particularly in @entity1 with LVEFs >35% who did not fulfill current implantable cardioverter-defibrillator indications.

title: Strain echocardiography improves risk prediction of @entity943 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'Ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Returning to school is an important indicator of functional aptitude and emotional adjustment in school-aged @entity1 after @entity130 . Only two reports in the burn literature provide objective data on time to school re-entry. However, these analyses did not address the impact of @entity1 and @entity130 characteristics on time to return to school. The purpose of this study was to determine the time for school re-entry and to identify the factors associated with re-entry time in a cohort of burned @entity1 treated at our burn center. We performed a retrospective review of all school age @entity1 treated at our burn center from 1997 to 2003 who were entered into a federally funded longitudinal research database for @entity1 with severe @entity130 . Time to school re-entry after discharge was calculated for each @entity1 , and multivariate regression was used to identify the factors associated with longer time to return to school. A total of 64 @entity1 were included in this study. The average time to school re-entry was 10.5 days (range, 0-40) and the median time was 7.5 days. Gender (male), age, and length of hospital stay were significantly associated (P < .05) with longer time to return to school. The average time to school return is quite short. Further studies are needed to increase understanding of the factors influencing longer time to re-entry and also to examine @entity1 's experiences upon re-entry.

title: Time to school re-entry after XXXX is quite short.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and factors affecting outcome of @entity235 and @entity468 surgically treated for @entity3906 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Twenty-four @entity235 and two @entity468 surgically treated for @entity3906 . METHODS: The medical records of @entity235 and @entity468 surgically treated for biliary effusions at the Ohio State University and Michigan State University between 1987 and 1994 were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare factors affecting outcome. RESULTS: The cause of the biliary effusion was determined in 24 animals, and resulted from disruption of the biliary tract secondary to @entity130 (n = 13) or necrotizing @entity2679 (n = 11). Determination of the @entity648 concentration of the abdominal effusion was the only diagnostic test that was 100% effective in diagnosing bile leakage before surgical intervention. The @entity648 concentration of the effusion was consistently at least two times higher than the serum @entity648 concentration. Bacteriologic culture and sensitivity revealed that a septic, biliary effusion was usually associated with multiple types of gram-negative bacteria. The overall survival rate was 50% (13 of 26). The peripheral white blood cell count was significantly lower in survivors (mean 20,608/uL) compared with nonsurvivors (mean 35,712/uL). The immature neutrophil count was also significantly lower in survivors (mean 686/uL) than in nonsurvivors (4,852/uL). Only 27% (3 of 11) of the animals with a septic biliary effusion survived. In contrast, 100% (6 of 6) of the animals in which no bacteria were isolated from the abdominal effusion survived. Open abdominal drainage was not a successful treatment for 7 of 9 animals with @entity1143 . Survival was not significantly affected by the distribution of the @entity298 , cause of biliary effusion, or duration of clinical signs before surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with sterile biliary effusions have a much lower mortality rate than those with @entity1143 . The successful treatment of sterile biliary effusions does not require open abdominal drainage, and is not affected by the duration of the effusion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This retrospective study provides information that may aid the surgeon in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity3906 .

title: Surgical treatment of @entity3906 in 24 @entity235 and 2 XXXX : a retrospective study (1987-1994).

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['septic biliary effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['bile peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied three new dose schedules of hepatic arterial infusion of @entity10049 (FUDR) and @entity4181 and update survival analysis of a previously reported trial using these drugs by hepatic arterial infusion for @entity1 with hepatic metastases from @entity14 . METHODS: Untreated @entity1 with hepatic metastases from @entity14 were treated with three dose schedules: Group D, FUDR (0.3 mg/kg/day) and @entity4181 (30 mg/m2/day) as a 14-day continuous infusion through an implantable hepatic arterial pump alternating with a 4-week rest period; Group E, a lower dose of FUDR (0.25 mg/kg/day) and @entity4181 (30 mg/m2/day) as a 14-day infusion alternating with 2 weeks of saline; and Group F, FUDR (0.3 mg/kg/day) with a lower @entity4181 dose (15 mg/m2/day) for 2 weeks followed by a 2-week rest. RESULTS: In 42 @entity1 with unresectable hepatic metastases, the complete-plus-partial response rate was 56%, with a median survival of 24.2 months. Complete-plus-partial response rates for groups D, E, and F were 30%, 54%, and 75%, respectively. Twelve percent of the 42 @entity1 developed @entity253 ; the percentages of @entity1 per group were 17%, 15%, and 6%, respectively. Updated median survival of the original 24 @entity1 treated with FUDR and @entity4181 by hepatic arterial infusion and these 42 new @entity1 (66 total) was 28.8 months. One-, two-, three-, four-, and five-year survival rates were 86%, 62%, 31%, 15%, and 7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic arterial chemotherapy with FUDR and @entity4181 for @entity1 with hepatic metastases from @entity14 yields a high response rate and 1- and 2-year survivals of 86% and 62%, respectively. Although a lower dose of @entity4181 (15 mg/m2) with FUDR produces a high response rate with less @entity137 , before larger scale trials are initiated, further investigation is needed to reduce @entity137 . A study of hepatic arterial @entity619 with FUDR and @entity4181 has been initiated for this purpose.

title: Hepatic arterial @entity10049 and @entity4181 for unresectable liver metastases from XXXX . New dose schedules and survival update.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sclerosis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: In order to identify the probable risk groups, this study analysed the reasons for referral to a urological clinic and the indications for peniscopy among males with suspected @entity1083 . The @entity1 were derived from a series of 2370 consecutive males attending our urological clinic in Sao Paulo, of whom 652 males (27.5%) aroused a clinical suspicion of @entity1083 . @entity1 were categorized into 7 groups, according to their indications for referral. Altogether, 459 (70.4%) were examined by peniscopy, and 403 (87.8%) were biopsied and tested for HPV by Hybrid Capture 2 ( @entity6637 ) for both oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV types. The most frequent indication for referral in @entity10552 (both in peniscopy and by @entity6637 ) was other diseases (group 6), followed by those who had partners HPV positive (group 1). The highest HPV prevalence (42%) was found among those with visible lesions, followed by those (38%) with previous @entity6205 . Of the other @entity2953 , @entity6369 was significantly associated with HPV detection. Importantly, HPV was detected in 27% of the males referred due to other conditions non-related to HPV. We conclude that the risk groups for @entity1083 include males with visible lesions, previous history of @entity6205 , those with @entity1083 , recurrent @entity24596 , as well as those with other @entity2953 . @entity6369 is significantly associated with HPV. The most frequent indications for referral to urological clinic among @entity10552 were other, non-HPV-related conditions. The HPV prevalence rate of 27% among these @entity1 warrants them to be considered as another risk group for @entity1083 .

title: Identification of males at increased risk for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among XXXX referred for urological consultation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['Urethritis', 'urethritis']

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['condyloma']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['genital HPV infections', 'HPV-positive partners', 'genital HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive males']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity302 ( @entity302 ) @entity1 with Fontan physiology have multiple risk factors for @entity409 but the prevalence of @entity409 remains unknown in this population. We sought to determine whether hospitalized @entity1 with a @entity302 diagnosis have higher rates of nonalcoholic @entity82 than @entity1 without @entity299 . METHODS: We used the 1998-2009 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative dataset, to identify @entity1 18-49 years old admitted to an acute care hospital. We compared the rate of nonalcoholic @entity82 between those with a @entity302 diagnosis and @entity1 without @entity299 . RESULTS: There were 7968 hospitalizations of @entity1 with a @entity302 diagnosis and 13,602,149 hospitalizations of @entity1 without @entity299 . @entity302 @entity1 were more likely to have nonalcoholic @entity82 than those without @entity299 (4.3    0.7 vs. 0.3    0.01%, univariate OR 15.2, 95%CI 10.9-21.3), even after adjusting for @entity3619 and other @entity82 risk factors (multivariable OR 21.6, 95%CI 4.3-32.5). The proportion of all hospitalizations among @entity302 @entity1 for nonalcoholic @entity82 increased by 173% between 1998/9 and 2008/9, from 2.3% to 6.2% (p=0.009). Among those with nonalcoholic @entity82 , @entity302 @entity1 were more likely to have congestive hepatopathy (6.6    3.1 vs. 0.1    0.0001%, OR 63.2, 95%CI 19.2-207.8), longer hospital stays and higher hospital charges. CONCLUSIONS: A single ventricle diagnosis is associated with markedly higher risk for nonalcoholic @entity82 in a population-based sample of hospitalized @entity1 . The proportion of @entity1 with single ventricle anatomy admitted for nonalcoholic @entity82 or its complications is increasing rapidly.

title: @entity302 anatomy is associated with increased frequency of nonalcoholic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SV', 'Single ventricle']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['viral or chronic hepatitis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: The promoter region of the @entity1 @entity3650 reductase gene has been identified upstream of the translation start ATG codon. The promoter contains a TATA box, a CCAAT promoter element, and three @entity3419 protein binding consensus sequences upstream of the capsite. A 640-base pair insert spanning +31 to -609 directs expression of the reporter gene @entity2755 acetyltransferase in an orientation-specific manner in transfected Hep G2 cells. The promoter activity remained constant with deletions from base pairs -609 to -186. The TATA and the CCAAT consensus sequences show significant promoter activity, whereas the three @entity3419 binding consensus sequences, individually, have no significant promoter activity. A GA-rich region (-186 to -146) contains two CGGAAA/G motifs, which show promoter activity and interaction with Hep G2 nuclear extract and GA-binding proteins ( @entity28588 and GABP beta 1) as shown by mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting. Similar cis-elements in @entity3307 interact with @entity35 liver GABP and the viral @entity2879 protein to mediate the induction of immediate early viral genes. A GC-rich region (-87 to -31) is identified by mobility shift assay, and a consensus sequence of an @entity342 response element is present at -396 to -382. The @entity1 @entity3650 reductase promoter, thus, has regulatory response elements that may be important during early development and puberty. These regulatory elements may play a significant role in the development of certain @entity6 complications.

title: Characterization of the @entity1 XXXX reductase gene promoter.

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity3650 :: (CHEBI:15693,Chemical) :: ['aldose']