abstract: AIM: To determine the role of scanning laser polarimetry using the @entity9999 variable corneal compensator (VCC) in the management of @entity726 suspects. METHODS: Over a 12-month period, 43 of 447 (9.6%) @entity1 referred to a @entity726 screening clinic were classified as " @entity726 suspects" when it was not possible to categorise the optic disc appearance and visual fields as definitely glaucomatous or definitely normal. Of these @entity1 , 39 underwent a full ophthalmic review, including assessment of the visual fields and analysis of the retinal nerve fibre layer with the @entity9999 VCC. RESULTS: After the review, 17 of 39 (43.6%) @entity1 were discharged because of normal @entity9999 VCC results. The remaining 22 of 39 (56.4%) were considered to be at risk of developing progressive @entity726 , and further follow-up in the hospital eye service was recommended. 3 (7.7%) @entity1 received treatment. Of the 22 @entity1 , 12 were considered to have pre-perimetric normal tension @entity726 , 7 normal tension @entity726 and 1 @entity725 ( @entity725 ). In 19 of these @entity1 , abnormal @entity9999 VCC results were found, particularly inter-eye asymmetry in the nerve fibre layer thickness. However, in 2 of 39 (5.1%) @entity1 the @entity9999 VCC was normal, despite the presence of a neuroretinal rim defect in the optic disc with corresponding @entity227 , and in 1 @entity1 with @entity725 . CONCLUSIONS: Scanning laser polarimetry using the @entity9999 VCC is an important tool in defining the management strategies of @entity726 suspects. In screening for @entity726 , however, @entity9999 VCC results should not be used in isolation, but in conjunction with conventional methods of optic disc and visual field assessment.

title: The role of scanning laser polarimetry using the @entity9999 variable corneal compensator in the management of XXXX suspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Recently there were several publications on the bactericidal effect of visible light, most of them claiming that blue part of the spectrum (400 nm-500 nm) is responsible for killing various pathogens(1-5). The @entity6337 effect of blue light was suggested to be a result of light-induced reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation by endogenous bacterial photosensitizers which mostly absorb light in the blue region(4,6,7). There are also reports of biocidal effect of red and near infra red(8) as well as green light(9). In the present study, we developed a method that allowed us to characterize the effect of high power green (wavelength of 532 nm) continuous (CW) and pulsed Q-switched (Q-S) light on @entity796 . Using this method we also studied the effect of green light combined with antibiotic treatment ( @entity801 ) on the bacteria viability. @entity796 is a common noscomial opportunistic pathogen causing various diseases. The strain is fairly resistant to various antibiotics and contains many predicted AcrB/Mex-type RND multidrug efflux systems(10). The method utilized free-living stationary phase Gram-negative bacteria ( @entity5175 ), grown in Luria Broth (LB) medium exposed to Q-switched and/or CW lasers with and without the addition of the antibiotic @entity801 . Cell viability was determined at different time points. The obtained results showed that laser treatment alone did not reduce cell viability compared to untreated control and that @entity801 treatment alone only resulted in a 0.5 log reduction in the viable count for @entity796 . The combined laser and @entity801 treatment, however, resulted in a synergistic effect and the viability of @entity796 was reduced by 8 log's. The proposed method can further be implemented via the development of catheter like device capable of injecting an antibiotic solution into the infected organ while simultaneously illuminating the area with light.

title: The synergistic effect of visible light and XXXX on Pseudomona aeruginosa microorganisms.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity5175 :: ('208964', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa strain PAO1']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxic']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep-brain stimulation through an electrode implanted in the thalamus was developed as an alternative to thalamotomy for the treatment of drug-resistant @entity400 . Stimulation is thought to be as effective as thalamotomy but to have fewer complications. We examined the effects of these two procedures on the functional abilities of @entity1 with drug-resistant @entity400 due to @entity191 , essential @entity400 , or @entity15 . METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 (45 with @entity191 , 13 with essential @entity400 , and 10 with @entity15 ) were randomly assigned to undergo thalamotomy or thalamic stimulation. The primary outcome measure was the change in functional abilities six months after surgery, as measured by the Frenchay Activities Index. Scores for this index can range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating better function. Secondary outcome measures were the severity of @entity400 , the number of adverse effects, and @entity1 ' assessment of the outcome. RESULTS: Functional status improved more in the thalamic-stimulation group than in the thalamotomy group, as indicated by increases in the score for the Frenchay Activities Index (from 31.4 to 36.3 and from 32.0 to 32.5, respectively; difference between groups, 4.4 points; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.0 to 6.9). After adjustment for base-line characteristics, multivariate analysis also showed that the thalamic-stimulation group had greater improvement (difference between groups, 5.1 points; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.3 to 7.9). @entity400 was suppressed completely or almost completely in 27 of 34 @entity1 in the thalamotomy group and in 30 of 33 @entity1 in the thalamic-stimulation group. One @entity1 in the thalamic-stimulation group died perioperatively after an @entity1779 . With the exception of this incident, thalamic stimulation was associated with significantly fewer adverse effects than thalamotomy. Functional status was reported as improved by 8 @entity1 in the thalamotomy group, as compared with 18 @entity1 in the thalamic-stimulation group (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy are equally effective for the suppression of drug-resistant @entity400 , but thalamic stimulation has fewer adverse effects and results in a greater improvement in function.

title: A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise training under relatively equal energy expenditure on whole body fat and abdominal fat loss, and @entity410 . Twenty-two untrained middle-aged Korean females were randomized into one of the following groups: control, @entity258 ( @entity3162 ), and high-intensity training group (HI). Subjects completed 14 weeks of training at 50% maximal @entity26 consumption ( @entity3162 ) or 70% maximal @entity26 consumption (HI) with the volume of exercise equated relative to kilograms of body weight. Weekly exercise volumes were 13.5 METs   h/week for the first 4 weeks, 18 METs   h/week for next 5 weeks, and 22.5 METs   h/week for the final 5 weeks. Data were analyzed using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc test, using Bonferroni's correction. HI showed significant reductions in fat mass (p < 0.05), total abdominal fat (p < 0.01), and subcutaneous abdominal fat (p < 0.01). @entity3162 reduced total abdominal fat (p < 0.05), but there were no other significant changes found in the control or @entity3162 groups. Maximal @entity26 consumption was enhanced in both HI and @entity3162 with no significant group difference. High-density lipoprotein @entity165 increased significantly in HI (p < 0.05). @entity650 , @entity1851 , @entity310 , and other blood lipids were unaltered following training. Results indicate that high-intensity exercise training is more beneficial in whole body and abdominal fat loss; however, @entity14782 shows a dose-response relationship with weekly exercise volume. It is suggested that 14 weeks of aerobic exercise training at either high- or low-intensity is not sufficient enough to induce changes in levels of inflammatory proteins.

title: Effects of high-intensity exercise training on body composition, abdominal fat loss, and XXXX in middle-aged Korean females.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory enhancement']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-intensity training group']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate @entity393 severity according to Brock's gradient and to compare it with the audiometric curve during @entity900 treatment in @entity1 with @entity995 . METHODS: This was an observational retrospective and retrolective study. Twenty @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity995 under @entity900 treatment were included. Audiometric testing was performed before treatment, after the second and fourth doses, and after the final dose. RESULTS: Decreased audition was observed in 100% of the cases. @entity2167 can be observed with cumulative doses of 240 mg/m(2) and higher. No improvement in audition was observed and the audition loss progressed from high to medium frequencies; 15% of the @entity1 showed a grade II loss of high frequencies at the end of the second dose. This level was observed in 95% of the cases at the end of treatment. Two years after completion of therapy, no @entity1 showed auditory recovery. Area below the curve showed higher sensitivity to identify initial auditory loss. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of audition with Brock's gradient can be performed. The area under the curve is a useful method to identify minor changes in serial conventional audiometry.

title: [Evaluation of @entity900 @entity2167 by the audiometric curve in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['Ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: Although abnormal processing of @entity44948 ( @entity44948 ) has been implicated in the pathogenic cascade leading to @entity195 , the normal function of this protein is poorly understood. To gain insight into @entity44948 function, we used a molecular-genetic approach to manipulate the structure and levels of the @entity238 @entity44948 homolog @entity44949 . Wild-type and mutant forms of @entity44949 were expressed in motoneurons to determine the effect of @entity44949 at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We show that @entity44949 was transported to motor axons and that its overexpression caused a dramatic increase in synaptic bouton number and changes in synapse structure. In an @entity44949 null mutant, a decrease in the number of boutons was found. Examination of NMJs in larvae overexpressing @entity44949 revealed that the extra boutons had normal synaptic components and thus were likely to form functional synaptic contacts. Deletion analysis demonstrated that @entity44949 sequences responsible for synaptic alteration reside in the cytoplasmic domain, at the internalization sequence GYENPTY and a putative G(o)-protein binding site. To determine the likely mechanisms underlying @entity44949 -dependent synapse formation, hyperexcitable mutants, which also alter synaptic growth at the NMJ, were examined. These mutants with elevated neuronal activity changed the distribution of @entity44949 at synapses and partially suppressed @entity44949 -dependent synapse formation. We propose a model by which @entity44949 , in conjunction with activity-dependent mechanisms, regulates synaptic structure and number.

title: The @entity238 XXXX homolog promotes synapse differentiation at the neuromuscular junction.

entities_list: @entity44948 :: ('39399(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'beta-amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity44948 :: (39399(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['beta-amyloid precursor protein']


abstract: The present study sought to examine the health-related, work-related, social and economic consequences of occupational disorders. The survey included 503 @entity1 and was undertaken approximately five years after the disease was notified to the Registry of @entity3675 (Danish Working Environment services). The response rate was 80% with @entity1 accounting for 56% of the responding group. The mean age was 39.5 years. More than half of all respondents were unskilled workers. @entity62 and civil servants constituted 14%. @entity2526 were the most frequently diagnosed condition. Forty percent of the @entity3675 were reported in the year in which symptoms arose, while 21% of the @entity1 had been symptomatic for more than six years before the disease was notified. The study indicates that many @entity1 ' @entity3675 caused them significant social and medical consequences. During their often protracted illnesses, @entity1 underwent numerous medical examinations and additionally contacted several agencies other than health care providers. Economic consequences for the @entity1 were considerable: reduced earning capacity and expenses were only partially offset by the workers' compensation system. The impact on the health care system was also considerable: occupational disease sufferers averaged one week of hospitalization and 18 visits to a general practitioner or specialist.

title: [Reported XXXX . A 5-year follow-up study from the county of Ribe].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White-collar workers']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['Occupational Diseases', 'occupational diseases']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['Musculo-skeletal disorders']

answer: @entity3675 :: (MESH:D009784,Disease) :: ['occupational diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the causes of @entity2319 based on the combined findings of auditory brainstem response (ABR), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and three-dimensional Fourier transformation-constructive interference in steady state (3DFT-CISS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of the medical records of 13 @entity1 with unilateral profound @entity393 since childhood. METHODS: Subjects were tested with pure-tone audiometry, ABR, DPOAEs, and 3DFT-CISS imaging. RESULTS: No significant components of ABR were observable in any of the deaf ears. In 10 cases, the cochlear nerves of the deaf ears were found to be as normal as the healthy sides by 3DFT-CISS imaging, and no significant levels of DPOAEs were recorded. In the other three cases, no apparent cochlear nerves were identified by 3DFT-CISS imaging. Although no significant levels of DPOAEs were observable in two cases with cochlear nerves invisible by the MRI study, almost the same level of DPOAEs as that in the healthy side was recorded in the last case. CONCLUSIONS: In the last particular case, the cochlear nerve seemed to be mainly responsible for the profound @entity2319 . 3DFT-CISS imaging in combination with preexisting audiological measures may provide direct evidence for the @entity4237 . steady state, internal auditory canal, @entity4237 .

title: Profound @entity393 attributable to XXXX : diagnosis with combination of otoacoustic emission and magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear nerve disease']

answer: @entity4237 :: (MESH:D000160,Disease) :: ['cochlear nerve disease']


abstract: Although many @entity1 have exposed dentine, only a percentage exhibit symptoms of dentine @entity56 . This has been ascribed to opening and closing of the dentinal tubules by for example, smear layer changes or tubular occlusion. The aims of this study were to examine the surface morphological changes of etched and unetched dentine in vitro, attributed to the effects of toothbrushing with and without toothpastes designed for the alleviation of dentine @entity56 . A total of 96 etched and 96 unetched @entity1 dentine specimens were brushed with various toothpastes and water for 1, 2, 5 or 10-min periods in a toothbrushing machine and subsequently examined under scanning electron microscopy for surface changes. Analyses of brushed etched specimens demonstrated that time and treatment were significant variables (P < 0.05) for tubule occlusion. Further, the interaction between time and treatment was significant (P < 0.05). The artificial @entity3440 based paste was significantly better for all time intervals at occluding the dentine tubules. All toothpastes investigated caused dynamic changes to the smear layer of the unetched dentine, opening tubules. However, the artificial @entity3440 based paste resulted in occluded rather than patent tubules. All of the pastes evaluated had the capacity to remove the smear layer but some could then occlude tubules through the contained abrasives.

title: Dentine XXXX : the effects of brushing toothpaste on etched and unetched dentine in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: @entity2314 is a panethnic, @entity2246 resulting from mutations in the a-galactosidase A gene ( @entity10153 ) that lead to the @entity2314 (a-Gal A). Affected males with no a-Gal A activity have the early-onset classic phenotype, whereas those with residual activity present with the later-onset subtype. Recently, we reported that newborn enzyme-based screening using dried blood spots (DBS) in Taiwan revealed a high incidence of newborn males who had the @entity10153 @entity47224 ( @entity47225 ) mutation. This lesion causes cryptic splicing, markedly reducing the amount of wild-type @entity10153 mRNA, and has been found in males with the later-onset @entity2314 phenotype, manifesting as @entity8 . To more accurately determine the incidence of the @entity47225 mutation, 20,063 consecutive newborns were screened by a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based assay. Of the 10,499 males, 12 (1/875) and 24 of the 9,564 females (1/399) had the mutation. On the basis of these frequencies, the previous newborn enzyme-based DBS screening (cutoff: <30% of the normal mean) only identified 67% and 17% of mutation-positive males and females, respectively. The mean DBS a-Gal A activities in the mutation-positive males and females were 23% (1.54 U) and 55% (3.63 U) of normal mean male/female values, respectively. These studies confirm the high incidence of the @entity47225 mutation in the Taiwanese population and indicate that its detectability by enzyme-based DBS screening is unreliable, especially in females. These studies emphasize the superiority of DNA-based newborn screening for common mutations, particularly for @entity1112 .

title: XXXX : incidence of the common later-onset a-galactosidase A @entity47225 mutation in Taiwanese newborns--superiority of DNA-based to enzyme-based newborn screening for common mutations.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, renal and/or cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked, inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked diseases']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry', 'deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme, a-galactosidase A', 'Fabry disease']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: Levels of endogenous @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) are changed dynamically in response to environmental conditions. The @entity2272 8'-hydroxylase is a key enzyme in @entity2272 catabolism and is encoded by CYP707A genes. In this study, we examined physiological roles of @entity958 ( @entity958 ) CYP707As in the plant's response to changes in humidity. The @entity49767 and @entity49768 mutants displayed lower stomatal conductance under turgid conditions (relative humidity 60%) than the wild type. When wild-type plants were transferred to high-humidity conditions (relative humidity 90%), @entity49767 and @entity49768 transcript levels increased, followed by the reduction of @entity2272 levels. The @entity49768 mutant exhibited high @entity2272 levels even after transferring to high-humidity conditions, whereas, under similar conditions, the @entity49767 mutant exhibited low @entity2272 levels comparable to the wild type. Analysis of spatial expression patterns by using transgenic plants harboring a promoterbeta-glucuronidase gene indicated that high-humidity-induced expression of @entity49767 and @entity49768 occurred primarily in guard cells and vascular tissues, respectively. Furthermore, stomatal closure of the @entity49767 mutant, but not @entity49768 mutant, was @entity2272 hypersensitive when epidermal peel was treated with exogenous @entity2272 , suggesting that @entity49767 is essential for @entity2272 catabolism inside the guard cells. These results implicate that @entity49768 reduces the amount of mobile @entity2272 in vascular tissues in response to high humidity, whereas @entity49767 inactivates local @entity2272 pools inside the guard cells. Taken together, @entity2272 catabolism in both vascular tissues and guard cells participates in the systemic @entity2272 action that controls stomatal movement in response to high humidity.

title: High humidity induces @entity2271 8'-hydroxylase in stomata and vasculature to regulate local and systemic @entity2271 responses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endovascular stented grafts employ a new technique that blends intravascular stent and prosthetic graft technologies. These devices may be used to treat @entity438 , @entity432 , and @entity1317 . This report describes the application of stented grafts to the treatment of limb-threatening @entity63 secondary to occlusive @entity66 , iliac, and femoral arteries. METHODS: Three @entity1 with limb-threatening @entity63 and severe comorbid medical illnesses were treated with transvascular stented grafts that were composed of 6-mm thin-walled @entity736 grafts and Palmaz balloon expandable stents. The grafts were inserted through a cutdown in an artery remote from the site of occlusion and introduced into the vascular system within 14-Fr introducer sheaths. RESULTS: Technical success was documented in all three @entity1 with restoration of arterial continuity following stent graft deployment. Patency and limb salvage has been achieved to 1 year. One @entity1 required further dilatation of the proximal stent at 6 weeks. Complications were limited to an iliofemoral deep vein @entity715 in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stented grafts can be inserted to treat limb-threatening @entity63 . Although these initial results are encouraging, greater experience in more @entity1 observed for longer periods of time is necessary before this technique can be advocated for widespread use.

title: Transfemoral endovascular stented graft treatment of aorto-iliac and XXXX for limb salvage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['arterial aneurysms']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['femoropopliteal occlusive disease']


abstract: AIM: In the diagnostic workup of superficial @entity5 , percutaneous biopsy plays an important role. However, a successful retrieval of an adequate tissue sample is achievable in only 80-90% of the cases, mainly due to tissue inhomogenities. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was successfully used to optimize the percutaneous biopsy in several @entity5 . The aim of our study was to assess the feasibility of CEUS as a direct guiding method for percutaneous biopsy of superficial @entity135 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 aged 12-75 years with superficial toraco-abdominal and neck masses were studied. CEUS guided biopsy was performed using the contrast harmonic imaging technique with 9 MHz broadband linear transducer (10 cases) or 3.5MHz transducer (10 cases). The needle (18 G Bard coupled on an automatic device Bard Magnum) was directed in arterial phase into the enhanced, perfused areas. The following parameters were recorded: maximal length of the @entity5 , perfusion pattern, number of passages, length of the specimen, rate of complications. RESULTS: The mean maximal length of the @entity5 was 6.95 cm (range 4-10.6 cm). CEUS guided biopsy was technical successful in 100% of @entity1 . The mean number of passages needed to sample a good specimen was 1.6, range 1-3. The mean length of the specimen was 1.18 cm, range 0.8-1.4cm. The perfusion patterns of the @entity5 in our series were: P1-non-enhancing mass- 11.1 %, P2 peripherally enhancing mass with non-enhancing central area -5.6%, P3 diffusely enhancing mass with scattered non-enhancing areas -77.7 % and P4 completely homogeneously enhancing masses -5.6% of @entity1 . The sensitivity of CEUS guided biopsy in the diagnosis of superficial @entity5 was 100%. For adenopathies a sub-typing was possible in all cases. There was only one minor @entity1410 around the punctured @entity5 in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In our series 83% of the @entity5 had a perfusion pattern (P2 and P3) that may lead to sampling errors in case of US guided biopsy. CEUS guided biopsy of @entity135 is a feasible technique that improves the sensitivity of percutaneous biopsy to 100%.

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound guided biopsy of superficial toraco-abdominal and neck lesions. Initial experience in 20 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'located tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['toraco-abdominal and neck tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 with combat-related @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) with @entity716 features frequently fail to respond to antidepressants. Previous research has shown that these @entity1 improve significantly after monotherapy with two atypical antipsychotics, @entity1037 and @entity1090 . This study investigated the clinical outcome of another atypical antipsychotic, @entity1089 , in war veterans with combat-related @entity1005 with @entity716 features. Male war veterans (n=53) with DSM-IV-diagnosed @entity1005 with @entity716 symptoms completed 8 wk of in- @entity1 treatment with @entity1089 (25-400 mg/d). The reductions in the total and subscale scores on the Clinician-Administered @entity1005 Scale (CAPS), and the increase in the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement Scale (CGI-I) were the primary outcome measures, and reductions in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were the secondary outcome measures. The CGI - Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S) was used to assess the global clinical improvement. Drug-Induced @entity21 scale recorded adverse effects. Two, 6 and 8 wk treatment with @entity1089 significantly reduced total and the subscales scores on the CAPS, PANSS, and CGI-S scales, in @entity1 with @entity914 . The results indicate that 8 wk of monotherapy with @entity1089 reduced the majority of the @entity716 and @entity1005 symptoms in the @entity1 . Our present and previous data suggest that treatment-resistant @entity914 @entity1 may improve after taking atypical antipsychotics.

title: XXXX treatment in an open trial in combat-related @entity1005 with @entity716 features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic PTSD']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapyramidal Symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['Quetiapine']


abstract: A simple, rapid, and stability-indicating reverse-phase liquid chromatographic assay method was developed for @entity18829 (ANG) in the presence of its degradation products generated from forced decomposition studies. The @entity1172 was achieved on a C18 Inertsil column (250 mm   4.6 mm i.d. particle size is 5  m), using solution A, a mixture of 0.03 M @entity17500 pH-adjusted to 3.0 using @entity8718 (buffer): @entity1042 : @entity1626 (90:5:5, v/v/v), and solution B, which contains a mixture of buffer: @entity1626 (10:90, v/v). The UV detector was operated at 251 nm while column temperature was maintained at 40  C, and the gradient program had the flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1). The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and limit of quantification. The method was found to be simple, specific, precise, accurate, and reproducible. Selectivity was validated by subjecting the stock solution of ANG to acidic, basic, photolysis, oxidative, and thermal degradation. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.05-152  g mL(-1) (R(2) = 0.9991). The peaks of degradation products did not interfere with that of pure ANG. The utility of the developed method was examined by analyzing the tablets containing ANG.

title: Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['ortho-phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium di-hydrogen phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['HPLC separation']

entities_list: @entity18829 :: ('MESH:C021139', 'Chemical') :: ['Anagrelide Hydrochloride']

answer: @entity18829 :: (MESH:C021139,Chemical) :: ['Anagrelide Hydrochloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accumulation of amyloid b-peptide (Ab) in the plaques is one of the major pathological features in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Sequential cleavage of @entity477 ( @entity477 ) by @entity6705 ( @entity6705 ) and y-secretase results in the formation of Ab peptides. Preventing Ab formation is believed to attenuate @entity195 progression and @entity6705 and y-secretase are thus attractive targets for @entity195 drug development. METHODS: Combining @entity6705 and y-secretase inhibition on Ab secretion from @entity1 @entity521 SH-SY5Y cells was evaluated in this study. Secreted Ab40 and Ab42 levels were measured from SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with APPwt or APPswe genes. A selective @entity6705 inhibitor and the y-secretase inhibitor @entity25004 ( @entity25004 ) were used to inhibit respective secretase. RESULTS: @entity25004 increased Ab40 and Ab42 secretion from SH-SY5Y APPwt cells at low concentrations (by 60% at 3 nM) followed by subsequent inhibition at higher concentrations (IC(50) 90 nM). Washout studies showed that the Ab increase evoked by 3 nM @entity25004 was not due to enhanced cleavage following substrate accumulation but rather to activation of Ab formation. By contrast, @entity25004 inhibited Ab formation from SH-SY5Y APPswe in a monophasic manner (IC(50) 18 nM). The @entity6705 inhibitor per se inhibited Ab secretion from both SH-SY5Y APPwt and SH-SY5Y APPswe cells with IC(50)s ranging between 7 - 18 nM and also prevented the increased Ab secretion evoked by 3 nM @entity25004 . Combining the @entity6705 inhibitor with higher inhibitory concentrations of @entity25004 failed to demonstrate any clear additive or synergistic effects. CONCLUSION: @entity6705 inhibition attenuates the Ab increase evoked by @entity25004 while not providing any obvious synergistic effects on @entity25004 -mediated inhibition.

title: @entity6705 inhibition prevents the y-secretase inhibitor evoked Ab rise in XXXX @entity521 SH-SY5Y cells.

entities_list: @entity6705 :: ('23621', 'Gene') :: ['BACE-1', 'b-site APP cleaving enzyme 1', 'BACE']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Surgical treatment of bone metastases from @entity703 is often complicated by profuse @entity190 . The authors report the results of a retrospective review of 30 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgery for spinal metastases from @entity703 . Seventeen @entity1 (57%) were operated on after failing radiation therapy. Prior to operation, selective spinal angiography and @entity887 were performed in 17 @entity1 with no permanent @entity51 resulting. Gross total resection of the @entity5 and stabilization of the spine were then accomplished with acceptable @entity190 . Twenty-seven (90%) of the 30 @entity1 improved neurologically following surgery. There was a median survival time of 16 months, a 2-year survival rate of 33%, and a 5-year survival rate of 15%. Major surgical complications in this series were related to excessive @entity190 in @entity1 without @entity887 . These data suggest that @entity1 with spinal metastases from @entity703 should undergo spinal angiography and @entity887 prior to resection of the @entity5 . To improve upon current results, such treatment should be carried out prior to external radiation therapy.

title: Treatment of spinal metastases from @entity703 by presurgical XXXX and resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolization']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the role of @entity26799 ( @entity26800 ), one of the cell wall components in gram-positive bacteria in @entity1596 . METHODS: @entity32 in @entity95 eyes was induced by intravitreal or intravenous injections of LTA from @entity794 or @entity885 . The @entity32 was monitored progressively with the laser flare-cell photometer, and examined by periodic clinical observations. Histological examinations were performed 24 hours after administration, and aqueous protein concentrations and cell counts were also determined. RESULTS: @entity32 appeared within 6-9 hours of LTA intravitreal injection. became maximal at about 24-48 hours postinjection, and lasted for nearly 6 days. @entity32 was also induced by intravenous injection of LTA at a higher dose. @entity32 reached a peak 4-5 hours after injection, and rapidly disappeared in 24 hours. No cellular response was observed in intravenous LTA-treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that LTAs from gram-positive bacteria have the biological activity to induce @entity32 in @entity95 by intravitreal or intravenous injection. Therefore, we suggest that LTA may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1596 as one of the etiological factors.

title: Experimental @entity1596 induced by intravitreal or intravenous @entity26799 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'intraocular inflammation', 'inflammation', 'Intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus sanguis']

entities_list: @entity26799 :: ('MESH:C009900', 'Chemical') :: ['lipoteichoic acid']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Bariatric surgery for morbid @entity28 provides sustained weight loss. Complications of bariatric surgery include severe nutritional decline, but minimal data describing occurrence and outcome of @entity177 ( @entity177 ) exist. SUBJECTS/METHODS: All @entity1 referred to one of the UK's National @entity177 units (IFU) are prospectively entered onto a database; case notes were assessed for bariatric surgery details, @entity177 onset, outcomes, resulting intestinal anatomy, mortality and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). RESULTS: A total of six @entity1 (mean referral age 54.0 years; 95% confidence interval (CI): 44.6-63.4; 5 female) were identified with @entity177 after bariatric surgery from 457 @entity1 (total cohort) managed on @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) at the IFU between 2008 and 2014. In all, 6/6 had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass bariatric surgery. Median (range) time from index bariatric surgery to @entity177 development was 28.7 months (1.7-106). @entity177 aetiology was internal herniation (4/6), ischaemia (1/6) and @entity834 (1/6); all @entity1 required @entity3147 for a median of 26.4 months (15.3-34.7). CRBSI occurred on 7 occasions in 3 @entity1 , equivalent to 1.5/1000 catheter days in these 6 compared with 0.32/1000 in the 451 IFU @entity3147 @entity1 during this time period. In all, 0/6 @entity1 died, 6/6 had continuity restored in a median of 16.5 months (6.5-32.5) after @entity177 diagnosis and 3/6 (50%) were weaned from @entity6841 by a median of 2.2 months (0.6-12.8). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery, an increasingly common operation, can be associated with @entity177 necessitating long-term @entity3147 . The cohort presented had a higher CRBSI compared with other @entity3147 @entity1 ; more stringent approaches to catheter care may be required in this @entity1 group, although more collective data are required.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 27 April 2016; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.37.

title: Outcome of XXXX after bariatric surgery: experience from a national UK referral centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal failure', 'IF']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['HPN', 'home parenteral nutrition']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['intestinal failure']


abstract: Tissue factor (TF) is a low-molecular-weight glycoprotein that initiates the extrinsic clotting cascade and is considered a major regulator of arterial thrombogenicity. @entity11415 ( @entity11415 ) is a major physiological inhibitor of TF-initiated coagulation. The aim of this study was to define the complex interplay between TF and @entity11415 and the regulation of vascular thrombogenicity in a model of @entity6980 . To determine the levels and pattern of vascular expression of TF and @entity11415 associated with @entity6980 , a @entity19 model of flow cessation was studied. TF activity of the arteries increased after ligation (P<0.05). Quantitative analysis of homogenates of remodeled carotid arteries revealed increased TF expression but unchanged @entity11415 expression compared with normal carotid arteries, resulting in enhanced TF activity. To determine the potential therapeutic role of @entity11415 in this thrombogenic state, @entity19 were treated with intravascular adenoviral delivery of either @entity19 @entity11415 (Ad-mTFPImyc) or a control adenovirus (Ad-DeltaE1). Overexpression of @entity11415 decreased vascular TF activity compared with viral control (P<0.01). Overexpression of @entity11415 inhibited neointimal formation (P=0.038), resulting in enhanced luminal area (P=0.001) 4 weeks after flow cessation. In this @entity19 model of @entity6980 , an imbalance between TF and @entity11415 expression is generated, resulting in increased TF activity. Overexpression of @entity11415 in this model inhibits vascular TF activity and results in attenuation of @entity6980 associated with flow interruption.

title: Role for tissue factor pathway in @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling']

answer: @entity6980 :: (MESH:D066253,Disease) :: ['vascular remodeling']


abstract: The present study attempts to identify the antigen-presenting cells in the retina, utilizing bone marrow-transplanted chimeric @entity35 . Two types of chimeras were used: one produced by transplanting bone marrow cells from F1 hybrids of Lewis and Brown Norway (BN) into sublethally irradiated Brown @entity35 (LBN/F1-->BN), followed by adoptive transfer of @entity18295 -specific T cells obtained from Lewis @entity35 ; the second produced by transplanting bone marrow cells from BN @entity35 into sublethally irradiated F1 hybrids (BN-->LBN/F1), followed by adoptive transfer of @entity18295 -specific T cells obtained from F1 hybrids. As controls, Lewis, F1 hybrids and BN @entity35 also received adoptive transfer of syngeneic uveitogenic T cell lines. All animals were killed on the seventh day after adoptive transfer and their eyes and pineal glands were analysed immunohistochemically, utilizing antibody directed against Lewis specific MHC class II molecules(OX-3). The analyses revealed the development of @entity4643 and @entity979 in both types of chimeras and in the Lewis and F1 hybrid @entity35 . BN @entity35 did not develop @entity4643 . OX-3-positive cells were found in the retina and the pineal glands of both types of chimeras, and in the Lewis and F1 hybrid @entity35 but not in the BN @entity35 . These cells in the retina expressed dendritic morphology and perivascular distribution. Retinal pigment epithelia, M  ller cells and the vascular endothelia of both chimeras, the two strains, and the F1 hybrid @entity35 did not demonstrate OX-3-positive staining. These results suggest that the bone marrow-derived cells in the retina and pineal gland may present @entity18295 to T cells, initiating the cascade of @entity4643 and @entity979 .

title: Antigen-presenting cells in experimental autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Norway rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pinealitis']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['uveoretinitis']

answer: @entity4643 :: (MESH:D003103,Disease) :: ['uveoretinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe injury induces an @entity1003 associated with increased mortality. This study compared the Thrombelastography ( @entity17792 ) and biomarker profiles upon admission in @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: Prospective observational study of 80 @entity130 @entity1 admitted to a Level I @entity130 Centre. Data on demography, biochemistry including standard coagulation tests, hematology, transfusions, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and @entity17792 were recorded. Retrospective analysis of thawed plasma/serum for biomarkers reflecting tissue injury (histone-complexed DNA fragments), sympathoadrenal activation ( @entity1425 , @entity1063 ), coagulation activation/inhibition and fibrinolysis (sCD40L, protein C, activated Protein C, tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, D-dimer, prothrombinfragment 1+2, plasmin/a2-antiplasmin complex, thrombin/ @entity5582 complex, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, @entity5582 , @entity2880 factor, factor XIII). Comparison of @entity1 stratified according to ISS/ @entity17792 maximum clot strength. Linear regression analysis of variables associated with clot strength. RESULTS: @entity130 @entity1 had normal (86%), hypercoagulable (11%) or hypocoagulable (1%) @entity17792 clot strength; one had primary hyperfibrinolysis. @entity49 @entity1 had higher age, @entity2002 and platelet count (all p < 0.05), none had increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) or international normalized ratio (INR) and none required massive transfusion (> 10 red blood cells the initial 24 h). @entity1 with normal or hypercoagulable @entity17792 clot strength had comparable biomarker profiles, but the few @entity1 with hypocoagulable @entity17792 clot strength and/or hyperfibrinolysis had very different biomarker profiles.Increasing ISS was associated with higher levels of @entity2661 , histone-complexed DNA fragments, sCD40L, activated protein C and D-dimer and reduced levels of non-activated protein C, @entity5582 , @entity2002 and factor XIII (all p < 0.05). @entity2002 and platelet count were associated independently with clot strength in @entity1 with ISS  <= 26 whereas only @entity2002 was associated independently with clot strength in @entity1 with ISS > 26. In @entity1 with ISS > 26, adrenaline and sCD40L were independently negatively associated with clot strength. CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 @entity1 displayed @entity1003 by @entity17792 and variables independently associated with clot strength changed with ISS. In the highest ISS group, adrenaline and sCD40L were independently negatively associated with clot strength indicating that these may contribute to @entity1003 .

title: Thrombelastography and biomarker profiles in XXXX of @entity130 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['different coagulopathies', 'acute coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von willebrand']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['acute coagulopathy']


abstract: Increasing numbers of serious hospital/healthcare- or community-acquired @entity281 are caused by resistant (often multi-drug resistant) bacterial pathogens. Because delayed or ineffective initial therapy can have severe negative consequences, @entity1 at risk for these types of @entity281 typically receive initial empiric antibiotic therapy with a broad-spectrum regimen covering the most likely pathogens, based on local surveillance data and risk factors for @entity281 with a resistant microorganism. While improving the likelihood of a successful outcome, use of broad-spectrum, often high-dose, empiric antimicrobial therapy also creates pressure for the selection or development of resistant microorganisms, as well as increasing costs and possibly exposing @entity1 to adverse events or collateral damage such as @entity2718 -associated disease. De-escalation is a strategy that attempts to balance the competing aims of providing initial empiric therapy that is appropriate and covers the likely pathogens, and limiting antimicrobial exposure and increased risk for emergence of resistant pathogens. More specifically, the de-escalation strategy involves collection of cultures for later microbiological assessment before initiating broad-spectrum empiric therapy covering the most likely pathogens, with the intention of streamlining or de-escalating to a more narrow-spectrum antimicrobial regimen 2-3 days later if warranted by clinical status and culture results. In some cases, negative culture results and subsequent clinical review may allow for termination of initial empiric therapy. In this manner, de-escalation enables more effective targeting of the causative pathogen(s), elimination of redundant therapy, a decrease in antimicrobial pressure for emergence of resistance, and cost savings. This article examines application of the de-escalation strategy to 3 case @entity1 , one with healthcare-associated @entity55 , another with @entity1320 , and a third with central line-associated @entity2259 . Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012;7:S13-S21.    2012 Society of Hospital Medicine.

title: Antimicrobial de-escalation strategies in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity55 , XXXX , and @entity2259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['complicated intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal infections']


abstract: Much attention has been given to determining the benefit of mammographic screening to reduce @entity0 mortality. Eight randomized clinical trials have been conducted in four countries: the US, Canada, Scotland and Sweden. Trials report an early and stable 30% reduction in @entity0 mortality for @entity1 aged 50-59. For @entity1 under 50, unexpectedly, the early years of screening produce a disadvantage to the screened population. Only in later years does an advantage appear. To help understand this, we studied relapse patterns using a @entity0 database of 1,173 pre- and postmenopausal, node negative and positive @entity1 treated with surgery only and having 16-20 years of follow-up. This approach is relevant since at least five of the eight screening trials began before the widespread use of adjuvant chemotherapy in the 1980s. Surgical cure rates were independent of menopausal status. However, a major difference in early relapse rate was found. In premenopausal and node positive @entity1 , 27% of all distant relapses occurred within the first 10 months following resection. This is twice the early relapse frequency of any other clinical group. Using computer simulation, we interpret that these early relapses probably result from a disadvantage induced at surgery. A disinhibition or surgery/wounding induced angiogenic surge might be responsible. Disinhibition is known to occur in animal models such as Lewis lung where lung metastases are avascular and dormant until the primary is removed. Sudden outgrowth of @entity5 after wounding has been observed for a century. According to the simulation, in @entity0 this induction apparently accelerates inevitable relapses by a median of two years. This is offset in later years with a balancing reduction in relapses. These data suggest that the angiogenic switch may be upregulated more frequently among premenopausal @entity1 , perhaps depending upon the sex hormones. The acceleration would cause 0.11 deaths @entity307 ,000 screened aged 40-49 subjects in years 2-3, a value comparable to the early year excess mortality in trials of a significant 0.15 deaths @entity307 ,000 subjects. Equal screening advantage is predicted for node negative (but not node positive) pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 . The acceleration of relapse after surgery may explain the paradoxical effect of mammographic screening for @entity1 under 50.

title: Premenopausal status accelerates relapse in node positive XXXX : hypothesis links angiogenesis, screening controversy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to investigate the potential effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity64 , including different parameters of frequency and stimulation site. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE databases and the Cochrane Library, were searched for randomized controlled studies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of @entity1282 published before March 2016. RESULTS: Six clinical randomized controlled studies of a total of 163 @entity64 @entity1 were included in this meta-analysis. A significant effect size of 1.24 was found for dysphagic outcome (mean effect size, 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67-1.81). A subgroup analysis based on frequency showed that the clinical scores were significantly improved in dysphagic @entity1 with low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment ( P   <   0.05) as well as high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment ( P   <   0.05). A stimulation site stratified subgroup analysis implied significant changes in @entity64 @entity1 with @entity1282 for the unaffected hemisphere ( P   <   0.05) and the bilateral hemisphere stimulation ( P   <   0.05), but not for the affected hemisphere ( P   >   0.05). The analysis of the follow-up data shows that @entity1 in the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation groups still maintained the therapeutic benefit of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation four weeks after the last session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy ( P   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicates that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has a positive effect on @entity1282 after @entity64 . Compared with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be more beneficial to the @entity1 . This meta-analysis also supports that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on an unaffected - or bilateral - hemisphere has a significant therapeutic effect on @entity1282 .

title: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as an alternative therapy for @entity1282 after XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Five cases of acute @entity1876 during pregnancy are presented. A complete urodynamic workup, including pressure-flow studies showed high micturitional pressures with little or no flow, with at least 60% residual urine. Filling cystometry, urethral profilometry (static and dynamic), pelvic electromyography were normal. Two cases were due to uterine pelvic incarceration. One of these cases happened very early during pregnancy, because of extensive @entity2909 . Any cause of abnormal uterine enlargement can lead to early obstruction. Three cases were associated with @entity733 (skenitis in 2 cases, urethral diverticulum in 1). Manual reduction in case of pelvic incarceration or surgical draining and antibiotic therapy in case of abscess were effective in all cases. Immediate catheterization is possible and indicated as soon as @entity1876 is diagnosed. This prevents @entity4094 due to excessive @entity1494 . The transurethral catheter might work as a stent, and periurethral surgical drainage is probably safer with a catheter in place. Suprapubic catheterization is probably less useful in this respect. An indwelling catheter removes any urgency in treatment. Voiding difficulties can persist for some days after surgical treatment. Urodynamic testing performed in all indicated acute micturitional obstruction. Anyway, it added little to the clinical understanding of the problem, which was obvious, and the Authors feel that extensive urodynamic testing should be limited to cases presenting with a complex preexisting dysfunction or performed after treatment if symptoms do not disappear completely. All clinically doubtful cases should likewise be investigated. If @entity733 or incarceration are evident, simple evaluation of residual urine percentage should be sufficient in establishing the diagnosis.

title: [Acute XXXX in pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder distention']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['paraurethral abscess', 'periurethral abscess']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

answer: @entity1876 :: (MESH:D001748,Disease) :: ['urinary obstruction']


abstract: A @entity1 with @entity9360 and ochronotic pigment deposited in articular cartilage and sclerae clinically manifested a serious @entity571 of the peripheral and @entity2720 and synchondrosis, typically involved in long lasting cases of this hereditary defect of homogentisic acid oxidase. This is the first @entity1 with this disorder reported, where a non-cemented total knee prosthesis (PCAR) was applied on both knees. This was possible due to the good quality of the bone stock, which did not seem to be impaired by @entity27553 . Our @entity1 had no cardiac symptoms or murmurs, but had a slight calcification in the annulus of aorta observed with echocardiography, a useful new method for screening this disease manifestation. A third new aspect reported is the immunopathology of the synovial tissue. Small pieces of torn-off cartilage were seen embedded in the @entity12897 . This was associated with a slight @entity1373 of the C3bi-receptor positive and @entity1521 hydroxylase positive type A and B synovial lining cells. Perivenular infiltrates contained @entity3138 positive T lymphocytes, mostly belonging to the @entity404 subset, and some C3bi-receptor positive monocytes. Activated @entity2902 positive and immunoglobulin light chain positive T and B lymphocytes were absent or few. Because modern medicine has much to offer to those suffering from this ancient @entity2246 in the form of new specific diagnostic methods and new surgical modes of treatment, such as endoprosthesis surgery and cardiac valve replacement, we also present a literature overview of this interesting condition.

title: XXXX : a report of a case and a review of literature.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovial stroma']

entities_list: @entity27553 :: ('MESH:D009794', 'Disease') :: ['ochronosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['axial joints']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity9360 :: ('MESH:D000474', 'Disease') :: ['alkaptonuria']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn error of metabolism']

answer: @entity27553 :: (MESH:D009794,Disease) :: ['Ochronosis']


abstract: The scavenger receptor class B type I ( @entity22579 ) is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a key role in reverse @entity165 transport. A polymorphism in exon 8 ( @entity44863 ) has been associated with fasting HDL- and LDL- @entity165 concentrations in Caucasian populations. This study evaluated whether this variant is associated with @entity407 in 59 normolipidemic males. After an overnight fast, the subjects were given a single fat load comprising 60% of energy as fat, 15% as protein, and 25% as @entity1735 . Blood was drawn every hour from baseline to 6 h, then every 2.5 h until h 11. We measured plasma lipid concentrations including @entity1674 (TG) in large and small @entity412 rich lipoprotein particles (TRL). Changes in postprandial small TRL TG differed among groups over time (Pgeno x time = 0.034) whereby TT and CT subjects maintained lower concentrations throughout most of the postprandial period compared with CC subjects. Significant differences occurred at @entity44864 (P < 0.05). Postprandial changes in large TRL TG (Pgeno x time = 0.923) or total TG (Pgeno x time = 0.529) did not differ by genotype. These results suggest that the @entity44863 polymorphism is associated with a lower postprandial TG response in the smaller, partially catabolized lipoprotein fraction.

title: Scavenger receptor class B type I ( XXXX ) @entity44863 polymorphism affects postprandial @entity412 metabolism in men.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['postprandial lipemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity22579 :: (949,Gene) :: ['SCARB1']


abstract: @entity739 occurs commonly in @entity1 with @entity2916 complex and is associated with a grave prognosis for cognitive and @entity410 outcomes. We sought to determine the @entity302 outcome of @entity1 with @entity2916 complex and @entity739 and whether EEG, MRI, or @entity134 therapy duration were different in those whose @entity302 improved compared with those with intractable @entity410 . Seventeen @entity1 with @entity2916 complex and @entity739 were identified. For each @entity1 , two sets of clinical evaluations, EEG and MRI data, and treatment information separated by at least 12 months were obtained. The @entity1 were divided into two @entity410 outcome groups. EEG, MRI, and treatment data were compared between the groups. The intellectual deficiency was either severe (76%) or moderate (24%). @entity410 control improved in 10 and worsened in seven, without mortality (follow-up range = 12-216 months). No significant differences in EEG background, MRI findings, or @entity134 treatment duration were evident between the groups. The difference in EEG-sleep approached statistical significance (P = 0.06). Our findings did not confirm reports of high mortality and poor @entity302 outcome in intellectually deficient @entity1 with @entity739 and @entity2916 complex. EEG sleep was the best indicator of @entity410 control and approached statistical significance. The duration of @entity134 therapy had no influence on @entity410 control.

title: @entity739 in XXXX complex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: @entity66 , frequent in proteinuric @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , may contribute to the progressive GFR loss in overt @entity2316 . @entity66 were examined in @entity1 who have type 1 @entity6 with a wide range of albumin excretion rates (AER). Renal biopsies from five normoalbuminuric @entity1 , five microalbuminuric @entity1 , six proteinuric @entity1 , and five control subjects were studied by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy specimens were serially sectioned to find and classify glomerulotubular junctions. Glomerular structural parameters were estimated using stereologic methods. @entity66 were found in 2% of glomeruli from control and normoalbuminuric @entity1 and in 4% of glomeruli from microalbuminuric @entity1 . In contrast, 71% of glomeruli from proteinuric @entity1 had @entity66 , including five (8%) atubular glomeruli. Electron microscopy findings were typical of @entity2316 . Piece-wise linear regression models with @entity8 , and interstitial parameters as independent variables provided greater GFR (92%; P < 0.005) and AER (95%; P < 0.01) prediction than multiple regression models (81% for GFR and 72% for AER). Thus, @entity8 and @entity66 help to explain the progressive GFR loss that is associated with onset of @entity644 in type 1 @entity6 . Moreover, nonlinear models provide better fit for structural-functional relationships in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 .

title: XXXX are associated with @entity644 in type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular adhesions', 'glomerular, glomerulotubular junction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerulotubular junction abnormalities', 'glomerulotubular junction abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Glomerulotubular junction abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study aims to provide a pooled analysis of individual small trials comparing linear-stapled versus circular-stapled laparoscopic gastrojejunal (GJ) @entity254 in morbid @entity28 surgery. METHODS: A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library databases was performed. Primary outcomes were GJ leak and stricture. Secondary outcomes were operative time, length of hospital stay, @entity86 , wound @entity281 , marginal @entity1066 , and estimated @entity353 . Pooled odds ratios were calculated for categorical outcomes and weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes. RESULTS: Nine trials were included comprising 9374 @entity1 (2946 linear vs. 6428 circular). Primary outcome analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the rate of GJ stricture associated with circular-stapled @entity254 . A significantly reduced rate of wound @entity281 , @entity548 , and operative time associated with linear stapling was also found. No significant differences appeared for the other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This pooled analysis recommends the preferential use of the linear stapling technique over circular stapling.

title: Linear-stapled versus circular-stapled laparoscopic gastrojejunal @entity254 in morbid XXXX : meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the interdependence of mitochondrial and cellular functioning in health and disease requires detailed knowledge about the coupling between mitochondrial structure, motility, and function. Currently, no rapid approach is available for simultaneous quantification of these parameters in single living cells. METHODS: @entity1 skin fibroblasts were pulse-loaded with the mitochondria-selective fluorescent cation @entity3514 . Next, mitochondria were visualized using video-rate (30 Hz) confocal microscopy and real-time image averaging. To highlight the mitochondria, the acquired images were binarized using a novel image processing strategy. RESULTS: Our approach enabled rapid and simultaneous quantification of mitochondrial morphology, mass, potential, and motility. It was found that acute inhibition of mitochondrial complex I ( @entity2125 : @entity12931 oxidoreductase) by means of @entity3788 transiently reduced mitochondrial branching, area, and potential. In contrast, mitochondrial motility was permanently reduced. CONCLUSIONS: We present and validate a novel approach for rapid, unbiased, and simultaneous quantification of multiple mitochondrial parameters in living cells. Because this method is automated, large numbers of cells can be analyzed in a short period of time.

title: Simultaneous quantitative measurement and automated analysis of mitochondrial morphology, mass, potential, and motility in living XXXX skin fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity3514 :: ('CHEBI:8828', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine 123']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Protein induced by @entity2067 absence or antagonist II (PIVKA II), also called @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ), is a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of @entity157 ( @entity157 ), in Japan and the United States since the sensitive kits were available (1998). PIVKA II is not used in clinical diagnosis in China so far. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of PIVKA II in Chinese @entity1 with @entity157 . METHODS: Serum PIVKA II and @entity160 ( @entity160 ) levels were determined in 60 @entity1 with @entity157 and 30 @entity1 with @entity82 not carrying @entity157 . RESULTS: The mean serum concentration of PIVKA II in @entity157 @entity1 (784.3 +/- 1364.1 mean +/- s) was higher than that in @entity82 @entity1 (16.1 +/- 31.7); this difference was highly significant (P < 0.0001). When the cutoff level of 40 mAU/ml was used as the level of discriminating @entity157 from @entity82 , 51.7% of @entity1 (31/60) with @entity157 had PIVKA II values above this level (sensitivity). Only 4 @entity1 with @entity82 had such high PIVKA II levels. Thus, the specificity of this test was 86.7% (26/30). Total accuracy was 62.2% [(31 + 26)/(60 + 30)]. Seven of 19 small HCCs (36.84%) had PIVKA II values above the cutoff level. Concentrations of @entity160 above 20 ng/ml were observed in 34 of 60 @entity1 with @entity157 (56.7%) and in 11 @entity1 with @entity82 (36.7%). Eleven of 26 @entity1 with @entity157 (46.2%) without increased @entity160 had concentrations of PIVKA II greater than 40 mAU/ml. No significant correlation was found between serum levels of @entity160 and PIVKA II that were measured in 60 @entity157 @entity1 (rs = 0.101, P = 0.247). Combining the information from PIVKA II and @entity160 showed an increase of approximately 21.6% over @entity160 and 26.7% over PIVKA II alone. For small @entity157 @entity1 , combining the information from PIVKA II and @entity160 showed an increase of approximately 15.8% over @entity160 alone and 21.1% over PIVKA II alone. CONCLUSION: PIVKA II is a useful early diagnostic marker for @entity157 and may be more sensitive when combined with @entity160 in Chinese @entity1 .

title: Usefulness of determining a protein induced by XXXX absence in @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['des-gamma carboxy prothrombin', 'DCP']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['vitamin K']


abstract: A 17-year-old male presented with @entity911 following a mild @entity542 . Repeated CT scans of the head were normal. There was a 3 year history of @entity227 , associated with a focal @entity989 . On assessment he demonstrated @entity227 and early @entity303 . An MRI scan showed symmetrical @entity62 , particularly of the occipital lobes. The diagnosis of subacute @entity8300 ( @entity8300 ) was confirmed by the typical EEG findings and the presence of measles antibodies in the CSF. The @entity542 was the precipitating factor which led to a diagnosis of @entity8300 . This disease should be considered in young @entity1 who have persisting @entity73 out of keeping with the severity of the initial @entity130 . A focal @entity989 , especially with macular involvement, should also raise the possibility of @entity8300 , despite the absence of @entity16 initially. We report the longest interval to date between the visual symptoms and onset of neurological signs of @entity8300 .

title: @entity16 following XXXX : the eyes had it.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual agnosia', 'decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity8300 :: ('MESH:D013344', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing panencephalitis', 'SSPE']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination of the white matter']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: @entity19 heterozygous for deletion of the @entity641 ( @entity641 ) gene show an enhanced rate of lung tumorigenesis following carcinogen treatment. Since the growth inhibitory activity of @entity641 in epithelial cells is associated with @entity11518 @entity5207 , and @entity11518 mutations commonly occur in chemically-induced @entity19 @entity2 , we postulated that @entity5 in heterozygous @entity641 @entity19 might be more likely to have @entity11518 mutations compared with @entity5 in wildtype @entity641 @entity19 . @entity4774 -induced @entity2 in AJBL6 @entity641 +/- and +/+ @entity19 were examined for @entity11518 mutations by polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing. Mutation frequencies were similar in both genotypes: 12/18 +/- @entity5 (67%) and 10/16 +/+ @entity5 (62%). Mutations occurred in 80% +/- and 75% +/+ @entity189 , but in only 50% of the @entity652 of both @entity641 genotypes. Codon @entity32278 transition mutations were predominant, occurring in 61% +/- and 44% +/+ @entity5 . Three +/- (17%) and three +/+ (19%) @entity5 showed codon 12 mutations, mostly @entity13284 transitions. Two +/- @entity5 had both codon 61 and codon 12 mutations. Interestingly, @entity189 with mutations in codon 61 were larger than those with codon 12 changes. It appears that the mechanism of enhanced susceptibility of @entity641 +/- @entity19 to @entity4774 -induced lung carcinogenesis does not involve selective development of @entity5 with @entity11518 mutations.

title: Heterozygous inactivation of @entity641 increases the susceptibility to chemically induced XXXX lung tumorigenesis independently of mutational activation of @entity11518 .

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['Urethane', 'urethane']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: An @entity3347 was precipitated by @entity1510 administration in @entity35 treated with @entity1286 . The withdrawal caused alteration of several physiological signs. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the altered physiological profiles were modified by utilising @entity21819 , an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist which is capable of affecting faecal and urinary excretion, rectal temperature, @entity158 threshold levels and salivation. To induce an @entity3347 , @entity1286 was administered in three daily intraperitoneal injections for four days at doses of 9, 16 and 25 mg/kg (1st day), 25, 25 and 50 mg/kg (2nd day), 50, 50 and 50 mg/kg (3rd day) and 50, 50 and 100 mg/kg (4th day): @entity1510 was injected (30 mg/kg) i.p. 180 min after the last @entity1286 injection. @entity21819 was administered orally at 0.17, 0.35 and 0.7 mg/kg, 60 min after the last @entity1286 injection. Signs such as faecal and urine excretion, rectal temperature and latency times to thermal stimulus, salivation, jumping and wet @entity235 shakes were affected in different ways by @entity1286 , @entity1510 , @entity21819 and by the combination of these agents. Notably, the administration of @entity21819 in @entity35 receiving @entity1286 and @entity1510 decreased the intensity of certain withdrawal symptoms, including altered excretion of faeces and urine, salivation and wet @entity235 shake behavior. Body temperature levels and nociceptive threshold values were also modified. The effects caused by @entity21819 administration may be due to its alpha 2 receptor agonist activity interfering with a mechanism involved in the regulation of these previously mentioned withdrawal symptoms. Thus, the use of this drug may be indicated as a possible control of the acute phase of opioid withdrawal in @entity4521 addicts.

title: Effects of @entity21819 administration on precipitated opioid withdrawal signs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['opioid withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity21819 :: ('MESH:C023754', 'Chemical') :: ['Tizanidine', 'tizanidine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this follow-up study was to assess persistent motor and regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) changes in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) treated with high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). METHODS: Ten @entity191 @entity1 with STN-DBS underwent three @entity13279 SPECT studies at rest, once preoperatively in the off-drug condition (T(0)), and twice postoperatively in the off-drug/off-stimulation conditions at 5 +/- 2 (T(1)) and 42 +/- 7 months (T(2)). @entity1 were assessed using the UPDRS, H_Y and S_E scales. @entity10417 was used to investigate baseline @entity13279 changes from the preoperative condition to the postoperative conditions and the relationship between @entity13279 and UPDRS scores used as covariate of interest. RESULTS: @entity191 @entity1 showed a clinical improvement which was significant only on follow-up at 42 months. The main effect of treatment from T(0) to T(1) was to produce baseline @entity13279 increases in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), premotor cortex and somatosensory association cortex. From T(1) to T(2) a further baseline @entity13279 increase was detected in the pre-SMA (p < 0.0001). A correlation was detected between the slight improvement in motor scores and the @entity13279 increase in the pre-SMA (p < 0.0001), which is known to play a crucial role in clinical progression. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests the presence of adaptive functional changes in the @entity1 brain of @entity191 @entity1 treated with long-term STN-DBS. Such adaptive processes seem to occur in the pre-SMA and to play only a slightly beneficial role in terms of functional compensation of motor impairment.

title: Are there adaptive changes in the XXXX brain of @entity1 with @entity191 treated with long-term deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus? A 4-year follow-up study with regional cerebral blood flow SPECT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian', "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: Analysis of clinical presentations and course of @entity716 in adolescent inpatients. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of charts of all (n = 300) hospitalised @entity1 diagnosed with of one of the @entity161 -spectrum disorders (F20-F29) over a 10-year span period (1998-2008) was conducted at the @entity1 and Adolescent Department of Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology. The distribution of diagnoses was compared with a sample of 200 adult hospitalisations. Also, the demographic and clinical data, percentage of rehospitalisations and stability of the diagnosis was analysed. RESULTS: The distribution of diagnoses in the @entity161 spectrum of @entity716 was found to be different in adolescent @entity1 than in adults. In further analysis of @entity161 (F20), @entity20546 (F21), @entity914 (F23) and @entity914 (F25) significant differences in the length of hospitalisation, gender distribution, frequency of rehospitalisation and stability of the diagnosis were observed. Stability of the diagnosis in the whole group was 52%. @entity161 was the most stable diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Distribution of @entity161 spectrum diagnoses is different in adolescent and adult inpatients. In adolescents @entity716 other then @entity161 are frequent. Diagnostic difficulties seemed to be confirmed by not very high diagnostic stability. However for F20, F21, F23 and F25 diagnoses different clinical and demographic profiles were observed, what may confirm that these disorders are separate nosological entities.

title: [Retrospective analysis of the course of XXXX in adolescent inpatients].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'acute and transient psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity20546 :: ('MESH:D012569', 'Disease') :: ['schizotypal disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episodes']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic episodes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to observe the changes in endothelial and inflammatory markers in middle-aged male runners with exercise-induced @entity101 (EIH) at baseline and at 100-km, 200-km, and 308-km checkpoints during a prolonged endurance ultramarathon. DESIGN: Among a total of 62 ultramarathon volunteers, 8 with systolic blood pressure higher than 210 mm Hg and 8 with normal systolic blood pressure were selected for this study. The subjects were designated to EIH and control (CON) groups. Blood was collected for the analysis of soluble @entity4725 , soluble @entity4105 , leukocytes, @entity908 kinase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Soluble @entity4725 showed a significantly greater increase in the EIH group than in the CON group at 100 km and 200 km. Soluble @entity4105 also showed a significantly greater increase in the EIH group than in the CON group at 100 km. Leukocytes significantly increased in the EIH group than in the CON group at 308 km. @entity908 kinase and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein showed no group differences. CONCLUSIONS: Leukocytes, @entity908 kinase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein showed delayed-onset increases in both groups. Increased exercise intensity may stimulate greater endothelial responses independent of the inflammatory markers in EIH. The loss of a protective effect may be greater in those with EIH than in CONs. Acknowledging and prescribing proper exercise intensity may be critical in preventing possible vascular-related complications in runners with EIH.

title: Effect of a prolonged endurance marathon on vascular endothelial and inflammation markers in runners with exercise-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine', 'Creatine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Low priority treatment guidance is used in the National Health Service to manage requests for cosmetic surgery where there is no associated functional impairment. Provision is made in this guidance to provide surgery on exceptional grounds, and this may include significant @entity458 . However, without a good understanding of the common factors that underpin requests for surgery, ideally in the local population, it is very difficult to define an exception in a clear and consistent way. A prospective study of consecutive referrals for cosmetic surgery in an @entity9462 plastic surgery unit was therefore completed over a five-year period. Five hundred and one @entity1 and @entity1 aged between 16 and 79 (mean 34.5 years) were assessed using standardised questionnaires and clinical interview carried out by two clinical psychologists specialising in the field. Results indicated very marked impact of appearance-related @entity148 with significant withdrawal from social activities particularly intimate behaviour. Coping behaviours ranged from use of concealing clothing and complete social avoidance to ominous high risk strategies such as repeated pregnancy with late termination to maintain breast size. Treatment goals were predominantly psychosocial. High levels of psychological morbidity can be characterised as typical of @entity1 requesting cosmetic procedures in the @entity9462 rather than exceptional, making the achievement of equitable access to limited resources impossible. Rather than define this population as 'low-priority', a constructive approach is to examine the utility of psychological interventions in a design which evaluates the comparative benefits of surgical and psychological approaches to management of appearance @entity148 .

title: Low priority? A cross sectional study of appearance XXXX in 500 consecutive referrals for cosmetic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The activation of telomerase and stabilization of telomeres are thought to be required for cellular immortality and oncogenesis. Three major components of @entity1 telomerase-- @entity1 telomerase RNA ( @entity7066 ), telomerase-associated protein ( @entity11071 ), and @entity1 @entity2215 ( @entity2215 )-have recently been identified. However, the roles played by these subunits in the regulation of telomerase activity are still unclear. In the present study, a total of 37 @entity5 , including one metastatic lesion, and adjacent normal tissues as well as cell lines derived from @entity150 were examined for the expression of each telomerase subunit. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that more than 90% of @entity5 expressed @entity2215 mRNA, whereas less than 20% of normal adjacent tissues did. In contrast, @entity7066 and @entity11071 mRNA were commonly expressed in both @entity5 and normal tissues. All of the three cell lines derived from @entity150 expressed each of the telomerase subunits, whereas the two normal primary fibroblast cell lines expressed @entity7066 and @entity11071 mRNA but not @entity2215 mRNA. Telomerase activity was examined using telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. All of the @entity5 examined exhibited telomerase activity, whereas only 2 of 12 normal tissues exhibited weak activity. There was a significant association of telomerase activity with @entity2215 mRNA expression but not with @entity7066 or @entity11071 mRNA expression. These findings provide strong evidence that the expression of @entity2215 is a rate-limiting determinant of the enzymatic activity of @entity1 telomerase and that the up-regulation of @entity2215 expression may play a critical role in @entity1 @entity105 .

title: Expression of @entity1 telomerase subunits and correlation with telomerase activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancers', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['telomerase catalytic subunit', 'hTERT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial cancer']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) represents a large amount of @entity1985 in the adult population and its definitive diagnosis is currently carried out through biopsy. An @entity792 has been demonstrated in idiopathic @entity8 (iMN) in which some kidney structures are targeted by @entity1 autoantibodies. Some candidate antigens have been described and other likely involved target proteins responsible for the disease are not known yet. In this work our aim is to identify these proteins by screening a @entity5999 library with @entity1 ' sera. We enrolled four groups of @entity1 : two @entity8 groups of 12 full iMN @entity1 ; one control group of 15 @entity1 suffering from other @entity8 ; one control group of 15 healthy individuals. A commercial cDNA phagemide library was screened using the above described sera, in order to detect positive signals due to antigen-antibody bond. We detected one phagemide clone expressing a protein which was shown to be targeted by the antibodies of the iMN sera only. Control sera were negative. The sequence analysis of cDNA matched the @entity51332 ( @entity51332 ) coding sequence. Further proteomic analyses were carried out to validate our results. We provide evidence of an involvement of @entity51332 protein as an autoimmune target in iMN. Considering the invasiveness and the resulting risk coming from renal biopsy, our ongoing aim is to set a procedure able to diagnose affected @entity1 through a little- or non-invasive method such as blood sampling rather than biopsy.

title: Identification and characterization of a new autoimmune protein in XXXX by immunoscreening of a renal cDNA library.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'MN', 'Membranous Nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic Syndromes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune condition']

entities_list: @entity51332 :: ('10609', 'Gene') :: ['SC65', 'Synaptonemal Complex protein 65']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surprisingly little is known about the causes and implications of night sweats. This study was designed to clarify further the associations between night sweats and sleep-related symptoms. METHODS: We undertook a cross-sectional study of consecutive adult @entity1 seen in 10 primary care physicians' offices. Data were collected and transmitted by a personal digital assistant. Information included demographic variables; height, weight, and blood pressure; occurrence of a variety of sleep-related symptoms; and occurrence and severity of night sweats, day sweats, and hot flashes in the past month. For @entity1 , information about menstrual status was also obtained. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of the 363 @entity1 interviewed reported night sweats, one half of whom reported saturating their bedclothes. In the multivariate model, night sweats were associated with daytime tiredness (OR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.12-3.53), waking up with a bitter taste in the mouth (OR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.19-3.18), legs jerking during sleep (OR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.05-3.00), and awakening with @entity158 in the night (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.16-2.99). CONCLUSIONS: Night sweats are associated with several sleep symptoms. Both night sweats and @entity25 are commonly experienced by adult primary care @entity1 . When their @entity1 report night sweats, clinicians should consider asking about sleep quality and sleep-related symptoms.

title: Associations between night sweats and other XXXX : An OKPRN study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbances']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression patterns of long noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) metastasis-associated @entity2220 transcript 1 ( @entity32626 ) and the cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and motility changes induced by silencing @entity32626 in @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression levels of @entity32626 were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in cancerous tissues and paired normal tissues in a total of 36 @entity1 with @entity150 . Expression differences were analyzed according to the grade and stage. Bladder @entity189 @entity1 and 5637 cells were transfected with @entity32626 small interfering RNA or negative control small interfering RNA. The cell proliferation changes of the transfected bladder @entity189 cells were determined using the @entity98 assay. Apoptosis caused by silencing @entity32626 was evaluated using the flow cytometry assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The motility changes induced by silencing @entity32626 were measured using the wound healing assay. RESULTS: @entity32626 was upregulated in bladder @entity189 compared with matched normal urothelium (P=.008). The @entity32626 expression levels were greater in high-grade @entity189 than in low-grade @entity189 (P=.001). The @entity32626 expression levels were greater in invasive @entity189 than in noninvasive @entity189 (P=.018). Cell proliferation inhibition, increased apoptosis, and decreased motility were observed in @entity32626 small interfering RNA-transfected bladder @entity189 @entity1 and 5637 cells. CONCLUSION: @entity32626 plays an oncogenic role in @entity150 . Silencing @entity32626 is a potential novel therapeutic approach for this @entity5 .

title: Inducing cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and motility reduction by silencing long noncoding ribonucleic acid metastasis-associated @entity2220 transcript 1 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: Topical @entity1968 (RA) has been shown to transform the horn-filled utriculi of the rhino @entity19 into normal follicles. We studied the early events by light and electron microscopy. Reduction in diameters of the utriculi was quantified by image analysis of whole mounts. Topical RA at 0.05% in @entity1068 / @entity2771 was applied daily and biopsies were taken after 1, 2, 3 and 6 days of treatment. By electron microscopy, after 3 days of RA treatment there was a great increase in the size and density of laminated membrane coating granules (MCGs) which had fused to the apical membranes of the upper granular cells. Thereafter, corneocytes within the lumina of the utriculi showed fewer desmosomes and a loss of intercellular material, accompanied by detachment from each other. Conversion to normal follicles was complete by 6 days. In whole mounts examined after 3 days of RA, there was a 75% reduction in the mean diameter of the utriculi. These results suggest that extrusion of the contents of enlarged MCGs into the intercellular corneocyte spaces facilitated separation of corneocytes, leading to rapid shedding, perhaps through the action of desmosome-lysing proteases. The conversion to normal follicles is consistent with the established role of @entity4878 in correcting abnormal differentiation.

title: Topical all-trans XXXX rapidly corrects the follicular abnormalities of the rhino @entity19 . An ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']