abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Systemic and local @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk factors participate in atherogenesis. The role of wall shear stress, a major local risk factor, remains to be elucidated. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-four subjects were carefully characterized for the presence of @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity6 , @entity28 , and cigarette smoking and were divided into low- and high-risk groups. They underwent echo-Doppler examination of the carotid arteries. @entity731 and stenoses were detected, @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was measured, and wall shear stress was calculated. RESULTS: One hundred eight subjects were classified as low-risk individuals. The prevalence of @entity2998 in this group was 18.5%. Wall shear stress was 24.23+/-7.21 dyne/cm(2) in individuals without @entity731 and 16.89+/-5.48 in those with @entity731 (P<0.000). In multiple regression analyses, wall shear stress, body mass index, and HDL @entity165 were inversely associated and total @entity165 was directly associated with the presence of @entity731 ; only wall shear stress was associated with @entity121 . In the high-risk group the prevalence of @entity731 was 45.2%. Wall shear stress was 20.44+/-6.82 dyne/cm(2) in subjects without @entity731 and 17.84+/-6.88 dyne/cm(2) in those with @entity731 (P=0.037). Age was the only variable associated with both @entity2998 and @entity121 . CONCLUSIONS: In subjects traditionally considered at low @entity301 risk, intima-media thickening and @entity2998 are significantly associated with low wall shear stress. In contrast, in subjects at high @entity301 risk, the contribution of wall shear stress seems to be masked, and age becomes the only factor significantly associated with both @entity2998 and @entity121 .

title: Wall shear stress is associated with @entity121 and @entity2998 in subjects at low XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to evaluate the short term effect of coffee drinking on energy utilization in sedentary @entity1 . METHODS: This study was performed in healthy sedentary @entity1 , who were randomized into three groups, control (n = 6), decaffeinated (n = 10), and @entity5834 (n = 10). The @entity5834 dose in coffee was rechecked and calculated for individual volunteers at 5 mg/kg. Baseline before drinking, complete blood count (CBC), @entity413 , antioxidant capacity, lipid @entity2625 , and @entity5834 in blood was evaluated. After drinking coffee for 1 hr, the submaximal exercise test with a modified Bruce protocol was carried out, and the VO2 and RER were analyzed individually at 80% maximal heart rate, then the blood was repeat evaluated. RESULTS: Three groups showed a nonsignificant difference in CBC results and physical characteristics. The @entity5834 group showed significant changes in all parameters; higher VO2 levels, (P = 0.037) and lower RER (P = 0.047), when compared to the baseline. Furthermore, the @entity413 level after exercise test increased significantly (P = 0.033) as well as lipid @entity2625 levels (P = 0.005), whereas antioxidant capacity did not change significantly (P = 0.759), when compared to the before exercise testing. In addition, the blood @entity5834 level also increased only in the @entity5834 group (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Short consumption of caffeinated coffee (5 mg/kg of @entity5834 ), improves energy utilization and relates to @entity413 derivation and lipid oxidation.

title: Effects of acute caffeinated coffee consumption on energy utilization related to XXXX and lipid oxidation from short submaximal treadmill exercise in sedentary @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Traditionally, the operation of @entity547 is considered as a clean operation due to expected, low incidence of @entity281 , on the spot of surgical work (SSI). The incidence of SSI in @entity547 surgery is more frequent then it is assumed. The important risk factors for SSI are the following: type of @entity547 (inguinal, incisional), operative approach (open - laparoscopic), usage of the prosthetic material and drainage. Comparing to @entity169 , incisional @entity547 repair, is more frequently followed by the @entity281 . The laparoscopic operations are followed with the lower incidence of SSI then in the case of open operations. The usage of the mesh does not increase the incidence of SSI, although the consequences of the @entity281 may be severe. A type I of the prosthesis is more resistant to the @entity281 then prosthesis II and III. The @entity281 (type I) never involves its body but it is present around sutures and bended edges. The @entity281 Type II involves entire prosthesis while in the case of Type III it is present in its peripheral part. In the case of SSI, a prosthesis Type I is possible to be saved, while prosthesis Type II must be removed completely; and the same is for the Type III (the partial removal is rarely suggested). The defect that remained after excision of non-resorptive prosthesis is a long-term and very complicated surgical problem. In regard to the position of the mesh, SSI is more common if the mesh is placed subcutaneously then in the case of sub-aponeurotic premuscular, pre-aponeurotic retromuscular or pre-peritoneal mesh placemen. If the @entity281 is present the nontension techniques using non-resorptive prosthetic implants are not recommended. The presence of drainage and its duration increases the incidence of SSI. It is more common for incisional hernioplasty then for @entity169 . If there is an indication for drainage it should be as short as possible. The cause of SSI for elective operations are bacteria's that arrives from the skin, while in the case of opening of various organs dominant bacteria's originate from them. The superficial @entity281 does not lead to the recurrence, while it is very possible in the case for @entity281 . There are no prospective studies that justify the usage of antibiotic prophylaxes in @entity547 surgery. The antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated for the clean operations when placing the implants and when severe complication is expected. The appearance of SSI increases the price of treatment and may lead to the recurrence.

title: [Infection in XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mesh infection', 'infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4148 is a major component of @entity14755 ( @entity14755 ) due to mutated transthyretin, with sudomotor failure as a common manifestation. This study aimed to investigate the pathology and clinical significance of sudomotor denervation. METHODS: Skin biopsies were performed on the distal leg of @entity14755 @entity1 with a follow-up duration of 3.8        1.6 years. Sudomotor innervation was stained with 2 markers: @entity5855 ( @entity5855 ), a general neuronal marker, and vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ), a sudomotor nerve functional marker, followed by quantitation according to sweat gland innervation index (SGII) for @entity5855 (SGIIPGP 9.5) and @entity3549 (SGIIVIP). RESULTS: There were 28 @entity1 (25 @entity1 ) with @entity60985 transthyretin and late onset (59.9        6.0 years) disabling @entity16 . Autonomic symptoms were present in 22 @entity1 (78.6%) at the time of skin biopsy. The SGIIPGP 9.5 and SGIIVIP of @entity14755 @entity1 were significantly lower than those of age- and gender-matched controls. The reduction of SGIIVIP was more severe than that of SGIIPGP 9.5 (p   =   0.002). @entity1 with @entity551 or absent sympathetic skin response at palms were associated with lower SGIIPGP 9.5 (p   =   0.019 and 0.002, respectively). SGIIPGP 9.5 was negatively correlated with the disability grade at the time of skin biopsy (p   =   0.004), and was positively correlated with the interval from the time of skin biopsy to the time of wheelchair usage (p   =   0.029). INTERPRETATION: This study documented the pathological evidence of sudomotor denervation in @entity14755 . SGIIPGP 9.5 was functionally correlated with autonomic symptoms, autonomic tests, ambulation status, and progression of disability. Ann Neurol 2015.

title: Sudomotor innervation in transthyretin XXXX : Pathology and functional correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity60985 :: ('p|SUB|A|97|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala97Ser']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['amyloid neuropathy']


abstract: Multifractal analysis based on generalized concepts of fractals has been applied to evaluate biological tissues composed of complex structures. This type of analysis can provide a precise quantitative description of a broad range of heterogeneous phenomena. Previously, we applied multifractal analysis to describe heterogeneity in white matter signal fluctuation on T2-weighted MR images as a new method of texture analysis and established Deltaalpha as the most suitable index for evaluating @entity62 (Takahashi et al. J. Neurol. Sci., 2004; 225: 33-37). Considerable evidence suggests that pathophysiological processes occurring in deep white matter regions may be partly responsible for @entity73 and @entity303 in elderly subjects. We carried out a multifractal analysis in a group of 36 healthy elderly subjects who showed no evidence of @entity731 risk factors to examine the microstructural changes of the deep white matter on T2-weighted MR images. We also performed conventional texture analysis, i.e., determined the standard deviation of signal intensity divided by mean signal intensity ( @entity168 /MSI) for comparison with multifractal analysis. Next, we examined the association between the findings of these two types of texture analysis and the ultrasonographically measured @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the carotid arteries, a reliable indicator of early @entity2998 . The severity of @entity1004 was positively associated with Deltaalpha in the deep white matter region. In addition, this association remained significant after excluding 12 subjects with visually detectable deep @entity62 on MR images. However, there was no significant association between the severity of @entity1004 and @entity168 /MSI. These results indicate the potential usefulness of applying multifractal analysis to conventional MR images as a new approach to detect the microstructural changes of apparently normal white matter during the early stages of @entity731 .

title: Multifractal analysis of deep white matter microstructural changes on MRI in relation to early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid IMT']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter structural complexity', 'white matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: The accuracy of @entity1011 clearance (CLcr) estimates generated for elderly @entity1 with a low serum @entity1011 (SCr) concentration when the SCr concentration was rounded to 1.0 mg/dL was evaluated, and daily @entity4028 dosages calculated with CLcr estimates based on the actual and the rounded SCr concentrations were compared with the actual dosage required as determined by @entity4028 concentration measurements. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were obtained from elderly hospitalized @entity1 with stable renal function, and CLcr was measured. SCr concentrations were measured at baseline, during urine collection, and after urine collection. CLcr was calculated twice with each of seven methods, once by using the actual SCr concentration and once by rounding the SCr concentration to 1.0 mg/dL. Rounding the SCr concentration to 1.0 mg/dL resulted in significant underestimation of CLcr by all seven methods. The Cockcroft-Gault equation used with ideal body weight and the rounded SCr concentration resulted in the largest bias. For six of the seven methods, bias was greater and precision less when SCr concentrations of < 0.7 mg/dL were rounded than when SCr concentrations of > or = 0.7 mg/dL were rounded. The Bjornsson method used with the actual SCr concentration appeared to offer the best combination of low bias and high precision. The required @entity4028 dosage was significantly underestimated when the rounded SCr concentration was used. In elderly @entity1 with low SCr concentrations, rounding the SCr concentration to 1.0 mg/dL led to underestimates of both CLcr and the correct @entity4028 dosage.

title: Estimating XXXX clearance in elderly @entity1 with low serum @entity1011 concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 adenoviruses (HAdV) are known opportunistic pathogens in hematopoietic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) recipients. The detection of @entity281 in @entity1 after @entity8 has been implicated as a determinant of poor outcome but specific associations between HAdV species or individual HAdV types and disease are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: Characterization of a @entity43799 isolated from multiple clinical specimens of an 11-year-old female recipient of a matched unrelated donor peripheral @entity8 for @entity784 and case report. STUDY DESIGN: Archived HAdV PCR-positive plasma, urine, and stool specimens were processed for virus isolation and detailed molecular typing. Complete genomic sequencing was carried out on 2 isolates. RESULTS: The @entity1 tested positive for HAdV DNA by real-time PCR of a stool specimen at 44 days after initiation of a @entity8 conditioning regimen. In the subsequent 3 months, HAdV was detected in plasma, urine and stool specimens in association with symptoms of @entity1902 and @entity2335 . A novel @entity43799 with a HAdV20-like hexon gene was isolated from both urine and stool specimens. All isolates yielded identical restriction profiles with endonucleases BamHI, BglII, BstEII, HindIII, @entity9379 and SmaI. Analysis of 2 complete genomic sequences further identified the virus as a novel intertypic recombinant @entity43799 (P20/H20/F42) closely related to HAdV42. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the identification of a previously unknown @entity43799 from an immunocompromised host. In this @entity1 , the course of @entity9504 is compatible with reactivation of a latent virus or a primary @entity1292 . Adenoviremia in this @entity1 resolved without definitive adenovirus-directed antiviral therapy.

title: Identification of a novel intertypic recombinant species D human adenovirus in a pediatric XXXX recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplant']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HAdV infection']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplant']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluate average cyclotorsional and non-cyclotorsional components (NCY) of @entity717 from sitting to supine, and associate average cyclotorsion to different variables. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 who underwent bilateral sequential laser refractive surgery were retrospectively evaluated. Recorded variables included the @entity1 's age, refraction, automated keratometry, pupil displacement and @entity717 from sitting to supine position. Measured iris rotation (total rotation, TR) was decomposed into two components: NCY, defined as the common rotation component of each eye of the same @entity1 , and cyclotorsional component (CY), defined as the assumed independent @entity717 for each eye in relation to the face, so that TR=NCY+CY. Cyclotorsion ratio (CR) was calculated as CR= CY / TR , and used to correlate CY with TR for each eye. RESULTS: Data from 310 eyes of 155 @entity1 were evaluated. TR was +1.43     3.41   (-8.30   to +9.20  ). Average CYs and NCYs per @entity1 were +1.43    2.04   (-3.15   to +7.40  ) and -0.28    2.72   (-6.85   to +7.15  ), respectively. TR demonstrated that 40.6% and 8.4% of @entity1 presented bilateral excyclotorsion and incyclotorsion, respectively. When excluding NCYs, average CYs demonstrated that 74.2% of @entity1 presented excyclotorsion and 23.9% presented incyclotorsion. CR demonstrated that TR represented from 75% to 125% of average CY in 19.68% of the eyes. TR overestimated and underestimated average CYs above these limits in 52.26% and 28.06% of the eyes, respectively. There was no statistical association between average CYs and the different variables. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that most of the rotations previously attributed to torsional components were probably due to NCYs, such as @entity893 . Apparently, the amplitude of cyclotorsional movements is smaller than observed in previous reports, and could not be associated with any studied variable.

title: Cyclotorsional and non-cyclotorsional components of XXXX observed from sitting to supine position.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['eye rotation']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['postural misalignments']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['eye rotation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: One aspect of the effects of @entity6400 against fat deposition might be at least associated with the mechanism by which Wnt/b-catenin signalling inhibits adipocyte differentiation. However, it remains completely unknown as to whether @entity6400 might influence Wnt signalling during commitment of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to adipose lineages. In the present study, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying effects of @entity670 and @entity8139 , the major soy @entity6400 , on anti-adipogenic Wnt/b-catenin signalling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adipose tissue-derived (AD) MSCs were exposed continuously to @entity670 and @entity8139 (0.01-100  m) during adipogenic differentiation (21 days). An @entity2931 antagonist, @entity1299 , was used to determine whether or not the @entity6400 activated Wnt signalling via @entity2931 receptors (ERs). RESULTS: @entity670 and @entity8139 suppressed adipogenic differentiation of AD-MSCs in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited expression of adipogenic markers, PPARy, @entity21434 and @entity2368 , from mid-phase differentiation. Microarrays showed that anti-adipogenic effects of @entity670 were principally attributable to activation of Wnt signalling via ERs-dependent pathway, such as Erk/JNK signalling and @entity15914 co-activators. These findings were supported by evidence that the effects of @entity670 were offset by @entity1299 . Unlike @entity670 , @entity8139 inhibited adipogenesis through stimulation of lipolysis, with for example, PKA-mediated hormone sensitive lipase. This is consistent with the increase in @entity653 released from AD-MSCs. In conclusion, understanding that different sets of mechanisms of the two @entity6400 on adipogenesis will help the design of novel strategies to prevent observed current epidemic levels of @entity28 , using @entity6400 .

title: @entity670 and XXXX repress adipogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells via Wnt/b-catenin signalling or lipolysis.

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein', 'Genistein']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity8139 :: (MESH:C004742,Chemical) :: ['daidzein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic involvement in @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ) is infrequent and poorly studied. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, radiological, and hemodynamic patterns of this involvement. METHODS: Eleven consecutive @entity1 with @entity1884 and hepatic involvement observed within 12 years were retrospectively studied. They were 8 females and 3 males, mean age, 47. RESULTS: The @entity1 presented with @entity712 (4 cases), @entity382 and murmur of the right hypochondrium (7 cases), and digestive @entity548 (6 cases). Eight @entity1 had anicteric @entity1448 . Celiac angiography showed a dilated hepatic artery in 8 cases, disseminated @entity8721 in 10, and early opacification of the hepatic veins in 7. Liver dynamic computed tomography (CT) scan performed in 7 @entity1 allowed the diagnosis of liver involvement in each case. Hemodynamic studies were performed in 5 @entity1 . A left-to-right intrahepatic shunt was proven in the 5 @entity1 . Shunt output was estimated between 25% and 58% of cardiac output. Mild @entity120 was observed in the 5 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of liver involvement in @entity1884 can be made by dynamic CT scan or celiac angiography. The main feature of this involvement is high output @entity712 due to left-to-right intrahepatic shunt. Thus, right-heart catheterization is necessary in these @entity1 to confirm and evaluate the shunt.

title: Hepatic involvement in XXXX : clinical, radiological, and hemodynamic studies of 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia', 'HHT']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) develops in more than half of the @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity1 . However, lack of reliable, specific biomarkers for @entity1988 hampers clinical management of @entity1 and impedes development of new therapeutics. The goal of this study was to investigate whether oxidative stress biomarkers in @entity1 with @entity1252 is predictive of renal pathology. Serum biochemical and oxidative stress markers were measured in @entity1 with inactive lupus, active lupus with and without @entity1310 and compared to healthy control group. To assess the predictive performance of biomarkers, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and cut-offs were used to identify @entity1252 @entity1 with @entity1310 . We observed an increased oxidative stress response in all @entity1252 @entity1 compared to healthy controls. Among the several biomarkers tested, serum @entity1433 had a significant inverse association with @entity1252 Activity Index (SLEDAI). Interestingly, @entity1433 were able too aptly differentiate between @entity1252 @entity1 with and without renal pathology, and serum @entity1432 levels were not affected by immunosuppressive drug therapy. The decreased @entity1433 in @entity1252 correlated significantly with serum @entity1011 and serum C3 levels. Further retrospective evaluation using serum @entity1011 or C3 levels in combination with @entity1432 's cutoff values from ROC analysis, we could positively predict chronicity of renal pathology in @entity1252 @entity1 . In summary, serum @entity1433 emerge as an inexpensive and reliable indicator of @entity1988 , which may not only help in early identification of renal pathology but also aid in the therapeutic management of the disease, in developing countries with resource poor settings.

title: Serum @entity1433 as a Biomarker of Disease Activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematous', 'SLE Disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus Nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['Lupus Nephritis']


abstract: This article briefly summarizes findings from Ahluwalia's study of risk factors associated with reproductive decision making among @entity1 at risk of @entity645 / @entity791 . Data were obtained from a survey during 1987-92 among a sample of 1921 @entity1 who were at risk of contracting @entity645 because of their own or their partner's use of injected drugs. A follow-up survey at 6 months was conducted. Findings indicate that most @entity1 had extensive knowledge about @entity791 and considered themselves at risk. 55% had been tested for @entity645 , of whom 13% were @entity645 -positive. 12% indicated a desire for childbearing in the near future. In the follow-up sample, 12% of the @entity1 who wanted to conceive and 3% who did not intend to conceive were pregnant. Among the pregnant @entity1 at follow-up, 15% and 22%, respectively, were @entity645 -positive. Multivariate analysis indicates that reproductive decisions were influenced by background characteristics. Reproductive intentions were associated with the odds of becoming pregnant. @entity791 knowledge and perceived risk were not associated with the risk of wanting to become pregnant or becoming pregnant. Researchers concluded that @entity1 at risk have some control over reproductive decision-making. IEC should account for demographic and contextual factors in attempts to prevent the spread of @entity645 / @entity791 .

title: Pregnancy plans despite XXXX risk.

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sumatriptan hemisulfate nasal spray may provide a useful therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity2704 who find injectable medications inconvenient or uncomfortable and for @entity1 whose @entity2704 -associated @entity390 and @entity391 preclude the use of oral medication. This study was the first US trial to evaluate the effects of sumatriptan nasal spray administered for multiple @entity2704 attacks. DESIGN/INTERVENTIONS: Sumatriptan nasal spray (5, 10, or 20 mg) was administered via a 1-shot nasal applicator into either nostril for up to 3 @entity2704 attacks occurring over 6 months in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Fifty-six outpatient clinical centers in the United States. @entity1 : A total of 1086 @entity1 and @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2704 with or without aura per International @entity10 Society criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of @entity1 with @entity10 relief (moderate or severe @entity158 reduced to mild or none); percentage of @entity1 with no or mild (vs moderate or severe) clinical disability; percentage of @entity1 with @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity3917 , or @entity7804 ; adverse events; clinical laboratory test results. RESULTS: Across attacks, @entity10 relief in the 20-, 10-, and 5-mg drug and placebo groups was experienced 120 minutes postdose by 60%, 54%, 44%, and 32% of @entity1 , respectively (P<.05 for each sumatriptan nasal spray group vs placebo, for the 10-mg vs 5-mg drug group, and for the 20-mg vs 5-mg drug group). Two thirds of the 20-mg @entity1 treating 3 attacks experienced relief at 2 hours postdose for at least 2 of 3 attacks. Clinical disability scores at 120 minutes in the 20-, 10-, and 5-mg drug and placebo groups reflected no or mild impairment in 70%, 67%, 57%, and 50% of @entity1 , respectively (P<.05 for the 10- or 20-mg drug group vs placebo group, and for the 20-mg vs 5- mg drug group). Similar efficacy rates were observed for @entity390 , @entity3917 , and @entity7804 . For all parameters, individual-attack efficacy rates did not differ from across-attack rates. The incidence of adverse events was not dose related. The most frequently reported adverse event in the active treatment groups was taste disturbance (bad, bitter, or unpleasant). CONCLUSIONS: Sumatriptan hemisulfate nasal spray (5, 10, or 20 mg) is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of multiple @entity2704 attacks. The 20-mg dose was associated with the highest efficacy rates across the greatest number of parameters.

title: Multiple-attack efficacy and tolerability of sumatriptan nasal spray in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['phonophobia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['predose pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: AIMS: (1) To investigate the course of pregnancy-related @entity1643 intensity and interference during the third trimester, and (2) to identify risk factors associated with changes in @entity158 intensity and interference over time. BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-related @entity1643 is common and reaches its peak both in the prevalence and severity in the third trimester. DESIGN: A longitudinal design with consecutive sampling. METHODS: Three waves of data were collected from pregnant @entity1 in an antenatal care centre of a medical centre and a regional hospital in the northern Taiwan from February-June, 2010. Questionnaires were administered at gestational ages 28, 32 and 36  weeks. 214 @entity1 were enrolled and 179 @entity1 completed all measures. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify the risk factors associated with changes in @entity158 intensity and @entity158 interference over time. RESULTS: @entity158 interference increased over time during the third trimester. @entity158 catastrophizing and @entity158 intensity at gestational age 24  weeks and time (from 28-36  weeks) were associated with increases in pregnancy-related @entity1643 intensity. These same factors plus @entity308 were associated with an increase in pregnancy-related @entity1643 interference. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a number of prospective factors related to increases in @entity158 intensity and @entity158 interference during the third trimester. Given that both catastrophizing and @entity308 are modifiable, the findings indicate that research examining the benefits of treatments that address these (e.g. cognitive-behavioural therapy) on @entity158 and @entity158 interference is warranted.

title: Factors associated with XXXX changes during the third trimester of pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: Unplanned readmission (UR) is considered to be an index of quality surgical care. We examined whether any perioperative factor was associated with UR after colectomy for @entity31 ( @entity31 ) or @entity1960 ( @entity1960 ). @entity1 undergoing a two-stage or three-stage ileal pouch-anal @entity254 were included. @entity1 , disease, and surgical factors were collected. UR occurring within 30 days of hospital discharge was assessed. The 202 study @entity1 had a median age of 38 years. Median body mass index was 22. There were 130 (64%) @entity31 @entity1 and 72 (36%) @entity1960 @entity1 . Indications for surgery were medically refractory disease (n = 176, 87%) and @entity1141 / @entity5 (n = 26, 13%). Preoperative medical therapy included @entity230 alone in 25 @entity1 and @entity230 combined with other immunomodulators in 151 @entity1 . A two-stage and three-stage ileal pouch-anal @entity254 was used in 146 (72%) and 56 (28%) @entity1 , respectively. Median white blood cell count before discharge was 8600 cells/mm3. Median length of stay after surgery was 7 days. Complications before discharge were observed in 28 @entity1 (14%). Thirty-eight @entity1 (19%) had a UR. No preoperative or surgical factor was associated with UR. Although UR occurs frequently (19%) after colectomy for @entity31 or @entity1960 , it cannot be predicted.

title: Can we predict unplanned hospital readmission after colectomy for @entity31 and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'indeterminate colitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['indeterminate colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a herbal drug preparation from the roots of Pelargonium sidoides ( @entity40246 ) in the treatment of acute @entity3617 in adults outside the very restricted indication for an antibiotic therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study with 217 @entity1 aged between 18 and 66 years with acute @entity3617 . One hundred and eight @entity1 were given 30 drops of @entity40246 -solution three times daily and 109 @entity1 30 drops of placebo three times daily for a period of 7 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Individual change in @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) over 7 days, individual symptoms, @entity1 satisfaction and adverse events. RESULTS: After 7 days of treatment, the @entity1109 decreased by 7.6 +/- 2.2 points in the @entity40246 group and by 5.3 +/- 3.2 points in the placebo group. The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the effects was calculated as 1.6-3.1, showing highly significant superiority for the @entity40246 treatment (p < 0.0001). There were also marked improvements in the individual symptoms, which are the components of @entity1109 - cough, @entity662 on coughing, sputum, rales/rhonchi and dyspnoea - in the treatment group, relative to placebo. @entity1 satisfaction was very good. Only minor and transitory adverse events were recorded. No serious adverse events occurred during the trial. CONCLUSION: @entity40246 -solution is a well tolerated and effective treatment for acute @entity3617 in adults outside the very restricted indication for an antibiotic therapy.

title: Treatment of acute @entity3617 with a liquid herbal drug preparation from Pelargonium sidoides ( XXXX ): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['BSS', 'bronchitis symptom score']

answer: @entity40246 :: (MESH:C476332,Chemical) :: ['EPs 7630']


abstract: This report addresses the need for prospective studies of @entity1314 , as well as some of the difficulties encountered in longitudinal studies when missing data occur due to subject @entity6661 and variable follow-up intervals. Various statistical methods for handling repeated measurements data are reviewed. Many of these methods are quite complex and require expert statistical skills. A simpler way to handle multivariate data using single-number summary scores is proposed as an alternative which is efficient and more readily understood by professionals in many disciplines. Findings are presented from a prospective study of @entity4225 which utilized repeated observations over time. Individual regression models were applied to each subject's repeated measurements to obtain a summary of his or her trend on measures of mood and global functioning. The individual regressions produced separate statistics, slopes summarizing rates of change and intercepts which estimated initial levels of functioning. These summaries were then used in group analyses. Findings indicated that subjects showed mild to moderate impairment in mood and moderate impairment in overall functioning. The individual slopes indicated that little overall change was observed during the 5-year period after initial assessment. Neither presence of borderline diagnosis (definite vs. trait vs. no borderline diagnosis) nor gender predicted initial levels of functioning or rates of change. Further examination of other predictors which may influence longterm outcome, such as history of childhood @entity130 or presence of @entity20546 features, is suggested. It is concluded that prospective studies are essential in establishing the @entity1314 and in understanding individual variation in outcomes.

title: Mood and global functioning in XXXX : individual regression models for longitudinal measurements.

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity20546 :: ('MESH:D012569', 'Disease') :: ['schizotypal personality']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['validity of personality disorders', 'personality disorders']

answer: @entity4225 :: (MESH:D001883,Disease) :: ['borderline personality disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of significant @entity3885 and non-diagnostic studies using coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in an outpatient environment, to establish if CTA could help avoid unnecessary diagnostic cardiac catheterizations. METHODS: We evaluated all cases consecutively performed in our outpatient CTA laboratory seen over one year with an indication that could warrant a cardiac catheterization to establish the presence or absence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Excluded were @entity1 without established indications for cardiac catheterization and those with known @entity453 (i.e.- prior @entity583 , revascularization). Four hundred and ninety-three (493) CTA case studies were included for the analysis. @entity1 were classified as normal (no luminal irregularities seen), @entity301 (<50% stenosis), significant obstructive @entity301 (>50% stenosis), or a non-diagnostic study. We assumed that all @entity1 assigned to the obstructive @entity453 group and the non-diagnostic study group would require a cardiac catheterization. In the remaining two groups, a cardiac catheterization would not be necessary for diagnosis or treatment. RESULTS: Of the 493 index cases evaluated, 157 (32%) cases were reported to be normal, 204 @entity1 were classified as having @entity3885 (41%), 93 @entity1 were defined to have obstructive @entity453 (19%), and 39 cases were inconclusive (8%). Thus, in 27% of the study population, a conventional coronary angiography would be indicated to clarify the diagnosis or provide definitive disease severity for subsequent revascularization. CONCLUSION: Among ambulatory @entity1 referred for CT angiography with symptoms or positive (or equivocal) cardiac stress tests, 73% of @entity1 were found to have either normal coronary arteries or @entity3885 . Given the high negative predictive power of cardiac CTA (93-99%), these @entity1 most likely would not require subsequent invasive coronary angiography. A strategy of selective cardiac catheterization may substantially decrease unnecessary diagnostic cardiac catheterizations and reduce health care expenses.

title: Prevalence of obstructive XXXX in an outpatient cardiac CT angiography environment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructive coronary disease', 'coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructive disease', 'obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: A Phase I trial of @entity973 ( @entity974 ) was carried out in 39 @entity235 referred to the veterinary teaching hospital with naturally occurring traumatic @entity451 or @entity1746 . The rationale for the study was provided by the observation that 4-AP restores conduction in demyelinated nerve fibers in experimental @entity1566 . Most injuries (77%) resulted from @entity179 , occurring at or near the thoracolumbar junction, and producing chronic, complete @entity451 . Neurological examination of each @entity235 was recorded on videotape before and at intervals after administration of 4-AP. The drug was administered systemically in total doses between 0.5 and 1 mg/kg body weight. Three areas of neurological status changed significantly at 15-45 minutes following administration of 4-AP: (a) striking improvements in hindlimb placing occurred in 18 animals; (b) increased awareness of painful stimuli to the hindlimb in 10 animals; (c) partial recovery of the cutaneus trunci muscle reflex of the back skin in 9 animals. These effects reversed within a few hours of administration. Other animals (36%) showed no change in neurological signs except a slight enhancement of hindlimb reflex tone. Significant side effects were seen in 6 @entity235 receiving higher intravenous doses, with elevation of body temperature and apparent @entity148 , leading to mild @entity410 in 3 of the animals. These @entity410 were controlled with @entity3175 . The results indicate that conduction block may contribute significantly to functional deficits in closed-cord injuries and that @entity972 channel blockade may prove to be a valid, if limited approach to therapeutic intervention in chronic @entity451 and @entity1746 .

title: The effects of XXXX on neurological deficits in chronic cases of traumatic @entity1566 in @entity235 : a phase I clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disk disease']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-aminopyridine']


abstract: Approximately 60% of @entity19 treated with split-dose radiation develop @entity1778 that disseminate widely through the body, whereas 40% of the treated @entity19 incur @entity1778 that are contained entirely within the thymus. We studied the status of @entity899 in non-cultured samples of thymic @entity1778 and in cell lines established from these @entity1778 . In those @entity19 with disseminated disease, primary samples were also obtained from visceral @entity1778 organs, and cell lines were established from these @entity1778 organs for further study. Using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), nucleic acid sequencing, and immunochemical analysis, we found that mutation of both @entity899 alleles occurred in @entity1778 cell lines developed from nine of 10 disseminated @entity1778 ; mutation of one @entity899 allele with the other remaining wild-type occurred in one disseminated @entity1778 . A @entity899 mutation unique for each @entity19 was found in all cell lines established from the different @entity1778 organs of each @entity19 . The same mutation was also found in the non-cultured @entity1778 tissues of each @entity19 , indicating that the mutations originated in vivo and were clonal. Seven of seven non-disseminating @entity704 possessed wild-type @entity899 only. Hence, in vivo dissemination and tissue invasiveness were associated with the loss of wild-type @entity899 by mutation of both alleles or by mutation and loss of heterozygosity, as revealed by studies of cell lines established from them. The selective in vivo dissemination of @entity1778 cells possessing @entity899 mutations had a parallel in vitro. @entity1778 cell lines from @entity19 harboring disseminating @entity1778 were established more readily (success rate greater than 80%) than lines from @entity19 harboring thymic nondisseminating @entity1778 (success rate less than 10%). Additionally, while @entity19 with disseminating @entity1778 harbored a mixture of wild-type and mutant @entity899 -encoding thymoma cells, only cell lines possessing mutant @entity899 became established in culture. Mutations found in thymoma cell lines were always detectable by SSCP and sequencing of DNA extracted from non-cultured thymoma tissue. However, in non-cultured @entity1778 tissue of visceral organs, the clonal @entity899 mutations found in cell lines established from them were often not detectable by SSCP or sequencing but were detectable by immunochemical analysis or polymerase chain reaction amplification. This indicates an unexpected degree of masking of mutant genes by wild-type genes present in the @entity1778 tissue. Masking was evident even in @entity1778 organs that were grossly larger than normal organs. Hence, routine screening of @entity1778 tissue by SSCP and sequencing may result in a highly significant underestimation of the incidence of @entity899 mutations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Dissemination and tissue invasiveness in XXXX acute leukemia associated with acquisition of @entity899 mutation and loss of wild-type @entity899 .

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemia', 'leukemias', 'leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs) play an important role in mediating inflammatory processes. @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is associated with @entity32 as well as impaired cardiac microcirculatory function and structure, but the contribution of MCPs to these alterations remained unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that MCPs regulate cardiac microvascular function and structure in experimental @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1707 (n=6 per group) were studied after 10 weeks of normal, @entity2792 , or @entity2792 + bindarit (MCPs inhibitor, 50 mg/kg/d PO). Left ventricular (LV) function, myocardial microvascular permeability, and fractional vascular volume were assessed by fast computed tomography before and after @entity859 infusion (400 microg/kg/min). @entity296 , @entity32 , and microvascular remodeling were determined ex vivo. @entity101 was not altered by bindarit, but LV @entity1184 and diastolic function were improved. In response to @entity859 , myocardial microvascular permeability increased in @entity101 (from 0.0083+/-0.0009 to 0.0103+/-0.0011 @entity10058 , P=0.038 versus baseline) and fractional vascular volume decreased, whereas both remained unchanged in normal and @entity101 +bindarit @entity1707 . @entity101 upregulated @entity18512 expression, @entity296 , and microvascular wall thickening, which were inhibited by bindarit. CONCLUSIONS: MCPs partly mediate @entity296 , @entity82 , @entity6980 , and @entity455 induced by @entity101 . Inhibition of MCPs could potentially be a therapeutic target in hypertensive @entity296 .

title: Monocyte chemoattractant proteins mediate myocardial microvascular dysfunction in @entity1707 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial inflammation', 'Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vascular integrity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular HTN']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The calcimimetic drug cinacalcet offers a novel therapeutic option to treat post-transplant @entity2741 and @entity2742 ; however, the interaction with calcineurin inhibitors and @entity6051 has not been evaluated. METHODS: In the present study the effects of cinacalcet on the pharmacokinetics of @entity205 ( @entity870 ), @entity1140 ( @entity11636 ) and @entity6051 were investigated in 14 renal transplant recipients with stable renal function (mean creatinine 126.4 +/- 45.3 micromol/L). The @entity1 were treated with either @entity870 (n = 8) or Tac (n = 6) in combination with @entity6051 / @entity500 and @entity230 . Twelve-hour pharmacokinetic investigations to measure @entity870 and its six main metabolites, Tac and @entity6051 concentrations were performed before and after 1-week treatment with 30 mg cinacalcet once daily. RESULTS: Cinacalcet treatment induced a significant 14.3 +/- 12.1% decrease in Tac AUC(0-12) (P = 0.039). Tac C(max), T(max) and T(1/2) also tended to decrease. The pharmacokinetics of @entity870 and @entity6051 were not significantly affected by concomitant treatment with cinacalcet. However, the secondary @entity870 metabolite, @entity29880 , showed a significant increase of 9.0 +/- 9.5% during cinacalcet treatment (P = 0.040). Renal function decreased significantly from 78 +/- 11 to 72 +/- 12 mL/min (P = 0.019) and correlated with the increased levels of metabolite @entity29880 in the @entity870 group. Renal function was unchanged in the Tac group. CONCLUSION: Cinacalcet treatment showed a moderate effect on the Tac, but not @entity870 or @entity6051 , pharmacokinetics after 1-week concomitant treatment. This interaction appears to have minor clinical relevance. However, it is advisable to monitor renal function in @entity870 -treated @entity1 due to the observed decrease in renal function.

title: Cinacalcet's effect on the pharmacokinetics of @entity1140 , @entity205 and XXXX in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

answer: @entity6051 :: (CHEBI:168396,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate']


abstract: RTS,S is an advanced @entity311 vaccine candidate and confers significant protection against @entity3964 infection in @entity1 . Little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving vaccine immunity. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to study immune responses in subjects receiving three consecutive immunizations with RTS,S (RRR), or in those receiving two immunizations of RTS,S/AS01 following a primary immunization with @entity17472 35 (Ad35) (ARR) vector expressing @entity24360 . Subsequent controlled @entity1 @entity311 challenge (CHMI) of the vaccinees with Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes, 3 wk after the final immunization, resulted in    50% protection in both groups of vaccinees. @entity24360 ( @entity24360 )-specific antibody titers, prechallenge, were associated with protection in the RRR group. In contrast, ARR-induced lower antibody responses, and protection was associated with polyfunctional CD4(+) T-cell responses 2 wk after priming with Ad35. Molecular signatures of B and plasma cells detected in PBMCs were highly correlated with antibody titers prechallenge and protection in the RRR cohort. In contrast, early signatures of innate immunity and dendritic cell activation were highly associated with protection in the ARR cohort. For both vaccine regimens, natural killer (NK) cell signatures negatively correlated with and predicted protection. These results suggest that protective immunity against @entity3964 can be achieved via multiple mechanisms and highlight the utility of systems approaches in defining molecular correlates of protection to vaccination.

title: Systems analysis of protective immune responses to RTS,S @entity311 vaccination in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity24360 :: ('80331', 'Gene') :: ['circumsporozoite protein', 'Circumsporozoite protein', 'CSP']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes. @entity792 has been suggested as a possible cause of this disease. The cyclooxygenase enzymes ( @entity9859 , @entity2247 ) are the key enzymes in the conversion of @entity1426 into @entity2918 . @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), a key product of @entity2247 , has an immunomodulatory role. AIM: To map levels of @entity2247 and @entity1421 in cutaneous @entity75 and evaluate their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS: In total, 31 @entity1 with classic cutaneous LP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Skin biopsies were taken from the lesional and nonlesional skin of @entity1 , and from the normal skin of controls. @entity2247 mRNA expression was detected by real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and @entity1421 was detected by ELISA in skin biopsies from @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of @entity2247 mRNA and @entity1421 in the LP skin biopsies compared with the control biopsies (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Lesional biopsies showed significantly higher expression of @entity2247 mRNA and @entity1421 compared with nonlesional biopsies. The levels of @entity2247 and @entity1421 were not found to be correlated with age, sex or disease duration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2247 and its product @entity1421 are strongly expressed in LP @entity272 , indicating that they have a role in the pathogenesis of LP through their immunomodulatory effects.

title: The role of cyclooxygenase-2 and XXXX in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lichen planus.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['LP lesions']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmunity']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In some @entity1 @entity102 results in irreversible airflow obstruction. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been advocated for assessing the structural changes in the @entity748 lung and permits investigation of the relationships between airway wall thickening and clinical parameters in this condition. METHODS: High resolution CT scanning was performed in 49 optimally controlled @entity748 @entity1 and measurements of total airway and lumen diameter were made by two independent radiologists using electronic callipers. Wall area as % total airway cross sectional area (WA%) and wall thickness to airway diameter ratio (T/D) were calculated for all airways clearly visualised with a transverse diameter of more than 1.5 mm, with a mean value derived for each @entity1 . Intra- and inter-observer variability was assessed for scope of agreement in a subgroup of @entity1 . Measurements were related to optimum forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced mid expiratory flow, @entity1223 gas transfer, two scores of @entity565 severity, airway @entity32 as assessed with induced sputum, and exhaled @entity842 . RESULTS: Neither observer produced a statistically significant difference between measurements performed on two occasions but there was a significant difference between observers (limits of agreement -2.6 to 6.8 for WA%, p<0.0001). However, mean WA% measured on two occasions differed by no more than 5.4% (limits of agreement -4.0 to 5.4; mean (SD) 0.7 (2.4)). Statistically significant positive associations were observed between both WA% and T/D ratio and @entity565 severity (r(S)=0.29 and 0.30, respectively, for ATS score), and an inverse association with gas transfer coefficient was observed (r(S)=-0.43 for WA% and r(S)=-0.41 for T/D). No association was identified with FEV1 or airway @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: The airway wall is thickened in more severe @entity565 and is associated with gas transfer coefficient. This thickening does not relate directly to irreversible airflow obstruction as measured with FEV1.

title: High resolution computed tomographic assessment of airway wall thickness in XXXX : reproducibility and relationship with lung function and severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review systematically the evidence for an effect of long chain and shorter chain @entity9539 on total mortality, cardiovascular events, and @entity5 . DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases searched to February 2002; authors contacted and bibliographies of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) checked to locate studies. REVIEW METHODS: Review of @entity23 of omega 3 intake for (3) 6 months in adults (with or without risk factors for @entity65 ) with data on a relevant outcome. Cohort studies that estimated omega 3 intake and related this to clinical outcome during at least 6 months were also included. Application of inclusion criteria, data extraction, and quality assessments were performed independently in duplicate. RESULTS: Of 15,159 titles and abstracts assessed, 48 @entity23 (36,913 @entity1 ) and 41 cohort studies were analysed. The trial results were inconsistent. The pooled estimate showed no strong evidence of reduced risk of total mortality (relative risk 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 1.03) or combined cardiovascular events (0.95, 0.82 to 1.12) in @entity1 taking additional omega 3 fats. The few studies at low risk of bias were more consistent, but they showed no effect of omega 3 on total mortality (0.98, 0.70 to 1.36) or cardiovascular events (1.09, 0.87 to 1.37). When data from the subgroup of studies of long chain omega 3 fats were analysed separately, total mortality (0.86, 0.70 to 1.04; 138 events) and cardiovascular events (0.93, 0.79 to 1.11) were not clearly reduced. Neither @entity23 nor cohort studies suggested increased risk of @entity5 with a higher intake of omega 3 (trials: 1.07, 0.88 to 1.30; cohort studies: 1.02, 0.87 to 1.19), but clinically important harm could not be excluded. CONCLUSION: Long chain and shorter chain omega 3 fats do not have a clear effect on total mortality, combined cardiovascular events, or @entity5 .

title: Risks and benefits of omega 3 fats for mortality, XXXX , and @entity5 : systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomised controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega 3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity5 treated at community hospitals may experience decreased quality of care compared with @entity1 treated at higher-volume @entity5 hospitals. The National @entity5 Institute @entity5 Centers Program (NCCCP) pilot is designed to enhance research and improve @entity5 care at community hospitals. We assessed changes in quality of care among the 16 initial NCCCP sites versus 25 similar hospitals that did not participate in the NCCCP. METHODS: We compared changes in concordance with five National Quality Forum-approved quality of care measures (three for @entity0 , two for @entity694 ) for @entity1 diagnosed from 2006 to 2007 (pre-NCCCP initiation) versus 2008 to 2010 (post-NCCCP initiation) at NCCCP and comparison-group hospitals. Data were collected using the Commission on @entity5 Rapid Quality Reporting System. Analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Analyses included 18,608 @entity1 with @entity0 and 7,031 @entity1 with @entity694 . After NCCCP initiation, @entity1 -level concordance rates for all five quality-of-care measures increased significantly among NCCCP and comparison-group hospitals. Increased quality of care among NCCCP sites was significantly greater than that among comparison-group hospitals for radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery and hormonal therapy for @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . In multivariate regressions, increases in hormonal therapy among NCCCP-site @entity1 were significantly greater than those among comparison-group hospitals. CONCLUSION: Both NCCCP and comparison-group hospitals showed improved quality of care; however, NCCCP sites had significantly greater improvements for a subset of measures. This greater increase may reflect the multidisciplinary focus of the NCCCP. Because many individuals receive @entity5 treatment at community hospitals, facilitating high-quality care in these environments must be a priority.

title: Improving quality of @entity5 care at community hospitals: impact of the National XXXX Institute @entity5 Centers Program pilot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'Community Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Little is known about work-related traumatic @entity1545 (WRTBI). This study describes non-fatal WRTBIs treated in US @entity341 ( @entity341 ) from 1998 through 2007. METHODS: Non-fatal WRTBIs were identified from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System occupational supplement (NEISS-Work) using the diagnoses of concussion, internal organ injury to the head and skull fracture. WRTBI rates and rate ratios were calculated, and the trend in rates was assessed. RESULTS: An estimated 586   600 (95% CI=  150   000) WRTBIs were reported during the 10-year period at a rate of 4.3 (CI=  1.1) per 10   000 full-time equivalent (FTE) workers (1 FTE=2000   h per year). From 1998 through 2007, the rate of WRTBIs increased at an average of 0.21 per 10   000 FTE per year (p<0.0001) and the rate of fall-related WRTBIs increased at an average of 0.10 per 10   000 FTE (p<0.0001). During the same period, the annual rate of WRTBIs resulting in hospitalisation increased 0.04 per 10   000 FTE (p<0.0001). Ten percent of WRTBIs were hospitalised, compared with hospitalisation of 2% all NEISS-Work @entity130 . Also, workers with highest fall-related @entity131 rates per 10   000 FTE were the youngest (2.4; CI=  1.4) and oldest (55 and older) workers (1.9; CI=  0.8). CONCLUSIONS: Non-fatal WRTBIs are one of the most serious workplace @entity130 among @entity341 -treated work-related @entity130 . Non-fatal WRTBIs are much more likely to result in hospitalisation compared with other types of @entity130 . The upward trend of WRTBI rates from 1998 through 2007 underscore the need for more directed effective prevention methods to reduce @entity131 .

title: Non-fatal work-related traumatic XXXX treated in US hospital @entity341 , 1998-2007.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'WRTBI injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) is characterized by an infrequent voiding, a large bladder capacity without @entity16 . In spite of being relatively common, there is little literature about it. The aim of our study was to compare the clinical features and urodynamic findings in asymptomatic or symptomatic @entity1 with @entity1494 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 126 adult @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1494 . Clinical and radiological features, urodynamic findings and therapeutic management were evaluated. With these data, we divided @entity1 into 2 groups: asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity1 . After, we performed a comparative analysis of the data. RESULTS: The incident of @entity1494 was significantly higher in @entity1 (81%). Twenty-one @entity1 were asymptomatic (17%), 105 @entity1 were symptomatic (83%). The @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1494 were significantly older (54.3 years    14.7). @entity409 (53%) and urinary retention (27%) were the most common symptoms in symptomatic group. In the uroflowmetry test, maximum and mean uroflow were significantly higher in asymptomatic group (P=0.0074). Reduced bladder sensation revealed no difference in the 2 groups, but in the symptomatic group, detrusor has also a poor contractility (P=0.0001). Nineteen @entity1 (18%) had uro-nephrological complications. CONCLUSION: @entity1494 is certainly underestimated. @entity409 , urinary retention in infrequent @entity532 (urinary tract infection with fever, @entity3025   ) should recall @entity1494 diagnosis. The hypothesis of @entity1494 may be discussed (suggested). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.

title: [Lazy XXXX : review of 126 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder structural failure or autonomic nervous system dysfunction', 'LBS', 'lazy bladder syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological or urological disorders']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['voiders or uro-nephrological complication']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral reflux']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the potential complications associated with inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) across international tertiary care referral centres, and to determine the prognostic factors that best predict the development of these complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted across four international @entity5 centres. The study population of 327 @entity1 underwent diagnostic/therapeutic ILND. The endpoint was the overall incidence of complications and their respective severity (major/minor). The Clavien-Dindo classification system was used to standardize the reporting of complications. RESULTS: A total of 181 @entity1 (55.4%) had a @entity260 , with minor complications in 119 cases (65.7%) and major in 62 (34.3%). The total number of lymph nodes removed was an independent predictor of experiencing any complication, while the median number of lymph nodes removed was an independent predictor of major complications. The American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage was an independent predictor of all wound @entity281 , while the @entity1 's age, ILND with Sartorius flap transposition, and surgery performed before the year 2008 were independent predictors of major wound @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest report of complication rates after ILND for @entity957 and it shows that the majority of complications associated with ILND are minor and resolve without prolonged morbidity. Variables pertaining to the extent of disease burden have been found to be prognostic of increased postoperative morbidity.

title: Predicting @entity260 of inguinal lymph node dissection for XXXX in an international multicentre cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the penis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['penile cancer']


abstract: beta-Defensin genes encode broad spectrum antimicrobial cationic peptides. We have analysed the largest @entity19 and @entity1 clusters of these genes, which localise to @entity19 and @entity1 chromosome 8. Using hidden Markov models, we identified novel @entity19 and @entity1 beta-defensin genes. We subsequently found full-length expressed transcripts for these novel genes. Expression in the @entity19 was high in brain and reproductive tissues. Fourteen @entity19 @entity5357 could be grouped into two clear sub-groups by virtue of their position and high signal sequence (exon 1 encoded) identity. In contrast, there was a very low level of sequence conservation in the exon 2 region encoding the mature antimicrobial peptide. Evolutionary analysis revealed strong evidence that following gene duplication, exon 1 and surrounding non-coding DNA show little divergence within subfamilies. The focus for rapid sequence divergence is localised in the DNA encoding the mature peptide and this is driven by accelerated positive selection. In the @entity1 we also conclude that the locus has evolved by successive rounds of duplication followed by substantial divergence involving positive selection, to produce a diverse cluster of paralogous genes prior to @entity1 - @entity3474 divergence. This mechanism of adaptive evolution is consistent with the role of this gene family as defence against bacterial pathogens. In order to look at function of these rapidly evolving genes, we characterised one of the novel @entity19 beta-defensin genes. This gene deviates from the canonical six @entity462 motif present in the mature functional peptide of all other beta defensins. This defensin related gene (Defr1) is most highly expressed in testis and heart and the genomic organisation is highly similar to Defb3-6. A synthetic Defr1 peptide was shown to exist as a dimer and yet displayed both antimicrobial and chemotactic activity. The antimicrobial activity of Defr1 against @entity794 , @entity526 and @entity6402 was found to be reduced in raised concentration of @entity1219 , but its action against @entity796 was independent of @entity1219 concentration. These data have major implications on the structure and functions of these important host defence molecules.

title: Rapid sequence divergence in XXXX @entity5357 by adaptive evolution.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['beta-defensins']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity4689 and angiotensin II rapid pressor response tests in healthy @entity468 . ANIMALS: 6 purpose-bred sexually intact male @entity468 . PROCEDURES: Telemetric blood pressure (BP) implants were placed in all @entity468 . After 2 weeks, @entity468 were anesthetized for challenge with exogenous @entity4689 or angiotensin II. Continuous direct arterial BP was recorded during and immediately after IV administration of boluses of @entity4689 or angiotensin II at increasing doses. Blood pressure responses were evaluated for change in systolic BP (SBP), change in diastolic BP (DBP), and rate of increase of SBP by 4 observers. RESULTS: Following IV @entity4689 and angiotensin II administration, transient, dose-dependent increases in BP (mean    SEM change in SBP, 25.7    5.2 and 45.0    9.1; change in DBP, 23.4    4.7 mm Hg and 36.4    7.8 mm Hg; for 100 ng of @entity4689 /kg and angiotensin II/kg, respectively) and rate of increase of SBP were detected. At @entity4689 and II doses < 2.0 ng/kg, minimal responses were detected, with greater responses at doses ranging from 20 to 1,000 ng/kg. A significant effect of observer was not found. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The rapid pressor response test elicited dose-dependent, transient increases in SBP and @entity11559 . The test has potential as a means of objectively evaluating the efficacy of various modifiers of the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system in @entity468 . Ranges of response values are provided for reference in future studies.

title: Evaluation of a rapid pressor response test in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin I']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Signalling by membrane immunoglobulin, the B-lymphocyte antigen receptor, regulates B-cell maturation and activation. Crosslinking of membrane immunoglobulin by antigen or by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies inactivates immature B cells, eliminating many of the B cells capable of producing auto-antibodies. By contrast, crosslinking of membrane immunoglobulin promotes activation of mature B cells for clonal expansion and antibody production against foreign antigens. Crosslinking membrane IgM on the immature B-cell line WEHI-231 induces @entity851 . This response may be analogous to the deletion or inactivation of immature B cells that is induced by antigen or anti-IgM antibodies. Membrane immunoglobulin crosslinking stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis, which leads to increases in intracellular @entity460 and activation of protein kinase C. The induced phosphoinositide breakdown is important for inhibiting WEHI-231 growth (ref. 7 and D. Page, M.R.G., K. Fahey, L. Matsuuchi and A.L.D., manuscript submitted for publication), but may not be sufficient, as agents that elevate @entity460 and activate protein kinase C cause only partial @entity851 . We now show that in both mature splenic B cells and the immature B-cell line WEHI-231 crosslinking membrane immunoglobulin also stimulates phosphorylation of protein @entity669 , a reaction that has been implicated as a key regulator of cell growth. Most of these phosphorylations were not a consequence of the phosphoinositide pathway. Thus, @entity669 phosphorylation is a second mode of transmembrane signalling by membrane immunoglobulin.

title: Stimulation of protein XXXX phosphorylation by the B-lymphocyte antigen receptor.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between an abdominal "seat belt sign" ( @entity51 ) and @entity3511 ( @entity3511 ) in @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) after @entity130 . METHODS: The authors performed a prospective, observational study of @entity1 at risk for @entity3511 who presented to a Level 1 @entity130 center following a @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) during a two-year period. Physical examination findings were recorded prior to abdominal imaging or surgery. The @entity51 was defined as an area of erythema, ecchymoses, and/or abrasions across the @entity1 's abdominal wall resulting from a seat belt restraint. @entity1 were divided into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of an @entity51 , then further subdivided based on abdominal @entity925 or @entity158 . The authors compared @entity1 with and without @entity51 , and those with and without @entity490 or @entity925 for the presence of @entity3511 . RESULTS: Three hundred ninety @entity1 , of whom 46 (12%, 95% CI = 9% to 15%) had an @entity51 , were enrolled. IAIs were more common in @entity1 with, versus without, an @entity51 (14/46 vs. 36/344, relative risk 2.9; 95% CI = 1.7 to 5.0; p < 0.001). @entity1 with an @entity51 were more likely to have @entity344 than those without an @entity51 (12/46 vs. 7/344, relative risk 12.8; 95% CI = 5.3 to 31; p = 0.001). @entity660 were also more common among @entity1 with an @entity51 (3/46 vs. 1/344, relative risk 22; 95% CI = 2.4 to 211; p = 0.006). There was no difference in the prevalence of solid organ injuries between those with and without an @entity51 (4/46 vs. 34/344, relative risk 0.9, 95% CI = 0.3 to 2.4; p = 1.00). None of the six @entity1 (0%, 95% CI = 0 to 39%) with an @entity51 , but without @entity490 or @entity925 , had IAIs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with an @entity51 after an @entity1957 are more likely to have IAIs than @entity1 without an @entity51 , predominately due to a higher rate of @entity344 . @entity1 with an @entity51 but without @entity490 or @entity925 appear to be at low risk for @entity3511 .

title: Association between the "seat belt sign" and @entity3511 in @entity1 with blunt torso XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic injuries']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['MVC', 'motor vehicle collision']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal injury', 'IAI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Thyroid hormone (TH) balance is essential for vertebrate development. Deiodinase type 1 (D1) and type 2 (D2) increase and deiodinase type 3 (D3) decreases local intracellular levels of T3, the most important active TH. The role of deiodinase-mediated TH effects in early vertebrate development is only partially understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of deiodinases during early development of @entity3392 until 96 hours post fertilization at the level of the transcriptome (microarray), biochemistry, morphology and physiology using morpholino (MO) knockdown. Knockdown of D1+D2 (D1D2MO) and knockdown of D3 (D3MO) both resulted in transcriptional regulation of energy metabolism and (muscle) development in abdomen and tail, together with reduced growth, impaired swim @entity1494 , reduced protein content and reduced motility. The reduced growth and impaired swim @entity1494 in D1D2MO could be due to lower levels of T3 which is known to drive growth and development. The pronounced upregulation of a large number of transcripts coding for key proteins in @entity855 -producing pathways in D1D2MO could reflect a compensatory response to a decreased metabolic rate, also typically linked to @entity1375 . Compared to D1D2MO, the effects were more pronounced or more frequent in D3MO, in which @entity1378 is expected. More specifically, increased heart rate, delayed hatching and increased @entity1735 content were observed only in D3MO. An increase of the metabolic rate, a decrease of the metabolic efficiency and a stimulation of gluconeogenesis using @entity1522 as substrates may have been involved in the observed reduced protein content, growth and motility in D3MO larvae. Furthermore, expression of transcripts involved in @entity10043 metabolism coupled to vision was decreased in both knockdown conditions, suggesting that both may impair vision. This study provides new insights, not only into the role of deiodinases, but also into the importance of a correct TH balance during vertebrate embryonic development.

title: Deiodinase Knockdown during Early XXXX Development Affects Growth, Development, Energy Metabolism, Motility and Phototransduction.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflation']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Zebrafish']


abstract: Sperm-positive female @entity35 were intubated with pesticide, Mirex, in oil (5 to 10 mg/kg) on days 8 1/2 to 15 1/2. Controls were untreated or oil-fed. Testing was done on day 18 1/2. Fetuses were sequentially exposed and ECGs obtained with the fetus attached to the placenta and uterus. Counterparts of standard leads, I, II and III were used. Fetuses were weighed and examined afterwards. Swollen fetuses were rated on a scale of 1 (slight @entity4 under chin) to 5 (3 mm @entity4 across back). ECGs from 81 controls and 205 Mirex fetuses were obtained. They were evaluated for rate of heart beat, regularity of beat, PR intervals, and other features. One control exhibited an abnormality, a transitory period of premature @entity11706 . Mirex-fed fetuses frequently exhibited @entity591 , closely correlated with degree of @entity4 . The heart rate increased from 150/minute in controls to 180 in slightly swollen to 224 in swollen fetuses. Mean PR intervals increased with degree of swelling and with dose. The frequency of first degree @entity616 was also dose-related, ranging from 20% in the 5 mg/kg group to 77% in the 10 mg/kg group. Second-degree @entity616 were found in 8%, 3% showed @entity943 , and one had @entity955 . These @entity65 seem primarily related to the Mirex-induced @entity4 and demonstrate that fetal @entity4 is not innocuous. These data demonstrate the usefulness of fetal electrocardiography to detect functional teratology.

title: An electrocardiographic study of XXXX in mirex-fed @entity35 fetuses.

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial contractions']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter/fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular problems']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart-blocks', 'heart-block']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular problems']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the variability and reproducibility of a volumetric @entity460 score calculated with electron-bean computed tomographic (CT) scans of coronary arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two sets of electron-beam CT scans were obtained in @entity1 with coronary calcification (group A) or known risk factors for @entity453 (group B). The second set or scans was obtained after a brief interval (group A, n = 52) or after 1 year with no risk modification (group B, n = 27). Traditional (plaque area and attenuation) and volumetric @entity460 scores were calculated for each @entity1 and lesion. RESULTS: The median percentage change for individual lesions in group A was 13% for the volumetric and 19% for the traditional score. The overall reduction in error with the volumetric score was 40% (P < .001). The median percentage change for group A @entity1 totals was 9% for the volumetric and 15% for the traditional score (P < .001). In group B @entity1 , the median volumetric score increased by 44% after 1 year. CONCLUSION: The volumetric score showed better reproducibility than the traditional score, and its variability was considerably less than the score increase in untreated @entity1 after 1 year. The reproducibility of the volumetric method makes it useful for assessing the progression of @entity453 on serial electron-beam CT studies.

title: @entity453 : improved reproducibility of XXXX scoring with an electron-beam CT volumetric method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity1 treated with large doses of @entity288 were found to develop @entity382 within a few days. No relationship could be established between the condition for which @entity230 were given and the liver enlargement. Liver biopsy was thought to be indicated, and thus was performed in three @entity1 because of diagnostic uncertainty. The light and electron microscopic examinations revealed normal liver architecture, without @entity4 , sinusoid engorgement, or inflammatory changes. The hepatocytes were distended by increased amounts of glycogen. In a pattern reminiscent of some @entity6182 , mitochondria and other cytosol components were displaced toward the cell membrane or around the nucleus, which occasionally contained glycogen. Moderate sinusoidal compression, interhepatocytic free glycogen particles, and mild increase in lipid droplets were also found. It is concluded that the @entity382 noted in @entity1 given short-term, high-dosage @entity134 therapy is due to excessive glycogen accumulation within parenchymal cells. This finding is in accordance with observations in animals, as well as with biochemical studies demonstrating @entity27005 after @entity134 therapy. Being benign and reversible, early @entity382 following administration of high-dose corticosteroids should not influence the initial therapeutic plan required by the basic disease.

title: XXXX following short-term high-dose @entity134 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6182 :: ('MESH:D006008', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity27005 :: ('MESH:C537275', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocytic glycogen deposition']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity382 :: (MESH:D006529,Disease) :: ['Hepatomegaly']


abstract: Long term @entity2361 therapy, especially when used to treat @entity2360 has been shown to cause @entity16278 , @entity12977 perforans and other @entity179 . We report a 23-year-old male @entity1 who presented with multiple firm papules, nodules over the neck, axillae, front of elbows for five years. He was a known case of @entity2360 on long-term treatment with @entity2361 for the past 12 years. The papulonodular lesions were non-tender and some were discrete while others were arranged in a circinate pattern. There was central scarring of the skin within the circinate lesions. In addition, there were several small yellowish papules on both sides of the neck which eventually became confluent to form plaques. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity16278 and @entity12977 . He was treated with cryotherapy (using liquid @entity1568 through cryojet) for former lesions. The lesions showed remarkable improvement after five sittings. Now the @entity1 is under @entity31000 (750 mg twice daily) for @entity2360 .

title: XXXX induced @entity12977 with @entity16278 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity16278 :: ('MESH:C536202', 'Disease') :: ['elastosis perforans serpiginosa']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine', 'penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity31000 :: ('MESH:D014266', 'Chemical') :: ['trientine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity12977 :: ('MESH:D011561', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoxanthoma elasticum']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative dermatoses']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

answer: @entity2361 :: (MESH:D010396,Chemical) :: ['Penicillamine']


abstract: The changes in daytime levels of @entity2493 (MLT) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of twenty seven hydrocephalic @entity1 were studied by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. @entity1 comprised three with @entity1276 (spina bifida 1, Chiari @entity600 2), four post-meningitic @entity1276 , fifteen @entity1313 (chiasmal germinoma 3; malignant @entity11 of frontal 3, and temporal lobes 1; germinoma 1, @entity44 2, yolk sac @entity5 1, epidermoid 1 in pineal region) and five cases of normal pressure @entity1276 . CSF was collected between 0930 and 1030 h through puncture of the flushing device of shunt system or the lateral ventricle. The lowest value of MLT detected by HPLC was 15 pg/ml. @entity2493 values were higher in @entity1 aged under 10 years than over 20 years in the absence of @entity693 or @entity5 in the pineal region. Even at ages over 15 years, higher CSF MLT values were obtained in the @entity1 with @entity693 or @entity5 in the pineal region. These results suggest that the @entity32 or invasion of @entity5 into the pineal gland may stimulate the secretion of MLT by the pineal gland. However, lower MLT values were obtained in all @entity1 over 40 years old. For these reasons, if one may use the changes of MLT values in CSF as a @entity5 marker or for determination of the treatment modality, time of CSF collection, age of @entity1 , location or character of the @entity5 and presence of @entity693 should be given due consideration. Also, the presence or absence of the rhythmical changes of @entity2493 values in a day following circadian rhythm are very important in determination of the treatment modality.

title: [The studies of XXXX values in the cerebrospinal fluid of hydrocephalic @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hydrocephalus', 'hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['type II malformation']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin', 'melatonin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: OBJECT: Cervical @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is intended to treat @entity16 associated with degeneration of intervertebral discs in the cervical spine. @entity11375 ( @entity11375 ) has been the standard treatment for these indications since the procedure was first developed in the 1950s. While @entity348 has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative to @entity11375 for treatment of @entity1 with @entity179 ( @entity179 ) at a single level of the cervical spine, few studies have focused on the safety and efficacy of @entity348 for treatment of 2 levels of the cervical spine. The primary objective of this study was to rigorously compare the Mobi-C cervical artificial disc to @entity11375 for treatment of cervical @entity179 at 2 contiguous levels of the cervical spine. METHODS: This study was a prospective, randomized, US FDA investigational device exemption pivotal trial of the Mobi-C cervical artificial disc conducted at 24 centers in the US. The primary clinical outcome was a composite measure of study success at 24 months. The comparative control treatment was @entity11375 using allograft bone and an anterior plate. A total of 330 @entity1 were enrolled, randomized, and received study surgery. All @entity1 were diagnosed with intractable symptomatic cervical @entity179 at 2 contiguous levels of the cervical spine between @entity61679 . @entity1 were randomized in a 2:1 ratio ( @entity348 @entity1 to @entity11375 @entity1 ). RESULTS: A total of 225 @entity1 received the Mobi-C @entity348 device and 105 @entity1 received @entity11375 . At 24 months only 3.0% of @entity1 were lost to follow-up. On average, @entity1 in both groups showed significant improvements in @entity717 ( @entity717 ) score, visual analog scale (VAS) neck @entity158 score, and VAS arm @entity158 score from preoperative baseline to each time point. However, the @entity348 @entity1 experienced significantly greater improvement than @entity11375 @entity1 in @entity717 score at all time points and significantly greater improvement in VAS neck @entity158 score at 6 weeks, and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. On average, @entity1 in the @entity348 group also maintained @entity1347 at both treated segments immediately postoperatively and throughout the study period of 24 months. The reoperation rate was significantly higher in the @entity11375 group at 11.4% compared with 3.1% for the @entity348 group. Furthermore, at 24 months @entity348 demonstrated statistical superiority over @entity11375 based on overall study success rates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study represent the first available Level I clinical evidence in support of cervical arthroplasty at 2 contiguous levels of the cervical spine using the Mobi-C cervical artificial disc. These results continue to support the use of cervical arthroplasty in general, but specifically demonstrate the advantages of 2-level arthroplasty over 2-level @entity11375 . Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00389597 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

title: Cervical XXXX with the Mobi-C cervical artificial disc compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic @entity179 : a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter clinical trial: clinical article.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative segmental range of motion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms and neck pain']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion', 'ACDF']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease', 'DDD']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total disc replacement', 'TDR']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total disc replacement']