abstract: Bcr-Abl @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as @entity2213 or @entity8947 produce high cytogenetic response rates in @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) with a good overall safety profile. Despite a complete molecular response, it is currently recommended to continue these targeted therapies to avoid relapse. The immediate and short-term TKI side effects are well known, but the long-term side effects have not yet been clearly identified. A preclinical study in @entity35 treated with TKI showed a statistically significant increase in benign and @entity703 . The authors report the case of a 61-year-old @entity1 with @entity1860 treated with @entity2213 with a good response, and they switched to @entity8947 after grade 4 @entity99 . He had received treatment with 400 mg of @entity2213 per day for 77 days, followed by @entity8947 for 133 days. He developed a @entity189 of unknown origin during TKI therapy. Despite chemotherapy, the @entity1 died 2 months after the diagnosis. Although several cases of solid @entity5 have been reported during TKI therapy, the link between @entity5 and TKIs is not yet clear. @entity2213 has remarkably improved the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1860 . Monitoring of the long-term safety profile of TKIs is essential due to the prolonged survival of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX kinase inhibitors and solid @entity5 : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['malignant renal tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['Tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because rapid therapy can improve the unfavorable prognosis of individuals with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), it is critical that nurses accurately associate the cues of ACS and quickly and aggressively initiate interventional strategies that reduce mortality. OBJECTIVES: To determine if genetic algorithms (GAs) can be used to decipher the prediction rules that emergency department (ED) nurses use to triage @entity1 suspected of having ACS and to determine whether these rules differ based on @entity1 gender. METHODS: A nonexperimental, descriptive study was conducted. Three thousand ED nurses were selected randomly to receive a mailed clinical vignette questionnaire, and 840 questionnaires were returned. Data analysis included binary logistic regression (BLR), development of GA, sensitivity, specificity, receiver-operator characteristic curves, and Monte Carlo simulations. RESULTS: Nurses use different prediction rules for triaging male and female vignette @entity1 with possible ACS. Accuracies were similar between BLR and GA. Both suffered a loss of predictive accuracy when algorithms or equations developed on one sex were tested on the other sex. Monte Carlo simulations showed that similar cues were used in triaging both @entity1 and @entity1 but they were combined differently in producing GA. DISCUSSION: Using GA was as accurate as results found by BLR and can be used to predict nurses triage decisions for ACS. The GA presented as flow charts may be user-friendly.

title: Using a genetic algorithm to predict evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes', 'ACSs']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: It is well known that the @entity935 (DA) system plays an essential role in the organization and regulation of brain activational processes. Various environmental stimuli that induce locomotor activation also increase DA transmission, while DA antagonists decrease spontaneous locomotion. Our previous work supports close relationships between locomotor activation and brain and body temperature increases induced by salient environmental challenges or occurring during motivated behavior. While this correlation was also true for psychomotor stimulant drugs such as @entity888 and @entity14842 , more complex relationships or even inverted correlations were found for other drugs that are known to increase DA transmission (i.e. @entity4521 and @entity2072 ). In the present study we examined brain, muscle and skin temperatures together with conventional locomotion during selective interruption of DA transmission induced by a mixture of D1 and D2 antagonists ( @entity10095 and @entity12174 at 0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) and its selective activation by @entity3826 ( @entity3827 ; 0.05 and 0.25 mg/kg, i.v.) in @entity35 . While full DA receptor blockade decreased spontaneous locomotion, it significantly increased brain, muscle and skin temperatures, suggesting metabolic brain activation under conditions of vasodilatation (or weakening of normal vascular tone). In contrast, @entity3827 strongly decreased skin temperature but tended to decrease brain and muscle temperatures despite strong hyperlocomotion and stereotypy. The brain temperature response to @entity3827 was strongly dependent on basal brain temperature, with @entity2332 at high basal temperatures and weak @entity221 at low temperatures. While supporting the role of DA in locomotor activation, these data suggest more complex relationships between drug-induced alterations in DA transmission, behavioral activation and metabolic brain activation.

title: Relationships between locomotor activation and alterations in brain temperature during selective blockade and stimulation of XXXX transmission.

entities_list: @entity12174 :: ('MESH:C045989', 'Chemical') :: ['eticlopride']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The subretrofacial nucleus (SRF) is a region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla known to play a crucial role in sympathoexcitation. SRF neurons send direct projections to the intermediolateral cell columns of the spinal cord where they form synaptic contact with preganglionic sympathetic motor neurons. Activation of this neural pathway increases sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels affecting cardiac function and vasomotor tone. Previous studies utilizing electrophysiological recording techniques and @entity19222 expression have established that the activity of SRF neurons is increased during skeletal muscle contraction. However, the excitatory neurotransmitter mediating this increased activity remains in question. In the present study, static contraction of the triceps surae was induced by electrical stimulation of L7 and S1 ventral roots in anesthetized @entity468 (n=12). Endogenous release of @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) from the SRF was recovered by microdialysis and measured by HPLC. Static muscle contraction for 4 min increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) 38+/-4 mmHg from a control level of 102+/-12 mmHg (P< 0.05). During muscle contraction the extracellular concentration of @entity367 recovered from the SRF increased from 623+/-117 to 1078+/-187 nM (P<0.05). To determine the effect of muscle contraction on @entity367 release in the absence of synaptic input from other reflexogenic areas, contraction was repeated following acute sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy. Following this denervation, muscle contraction increased MAP 41+/- 4 mmHg (P < 0.05) and @entity367 concentration from 635+/-246 to 1106+/-389 nM (P < 0.05). Muscle paralysis prevented the increases in MAP and @entity367 concentration during ventral root stimulation. These results suggest that: (i) @entity367 is released in the SRF during activation of @entity2472 afferent fibers in the cat; and (ii) synaptic input from other reflexogenic areas appears to be ineffective in modulating the release of @entity367 in the SRF during static muscle contraction.

title: Activation of skeletal muscle afferents evokes release of XXXX in the subretrofacial nucleus (SRF) of @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contraction-sensitive skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Although expression of some genes is known to change during neuronal activity or plasticity, the overall relationship of gene expression changes to memory or @entity2414 is not well understood. Here, we combined extensive statistical microarray analyses with behavioral testing to comprehensively identify genes and pathways associated with aging and @entity73 . Aged @entity35 were separated into cognitively unimpaired ( @entity10058 ) or impaired (AI) groups based on their Morris water maze performance relative to young-adult (Y) animals. Hippocampal gene expression was assessed in Y, @entity10058 , and AI on the fifth (last) day of maze training (5T) or 21 d posttraining (21PT) and in nontrained animals (eight groups total, one array per animal; n = 78 arrays). ANOVA and linear contrasts identified genes that differed from Y generally with aging (differed in both @entity10058 and AI) or selectively, with cognitive status (differed only in AI or @entity10058 ). Altered pathways/processes were identified by overrepresentation analyses of changed genes. With general aging, there was downregulation of axonal growth, cytoskeletal assembly/transport, signaling, and lipogenic/uptake pathways, concomitant with upregulation in immune/inflammatory, lysosomal, lipid/protein degradation, @entity165 transport, transforming growth factor, and @entity268 signaling pathways, primarily independent of training condition. Selectively, in AI, there was downregulation at 5T of immediate-early gene, Wnt (wingless integration site), insulin, and G-protein signaling, lipogenesis, and @entity413 utilization pathways, whereas @entity24805 (oligodendrocyte development) and myelination pathways were upregulated, particularly at 21PT. In @entity10058 , receptor/signal transduction genes were upregulated, perhaps as compensatory responses. Immunohistochemistry confirmed and extended selected microarray results. Together, the findings suggest a new model, in which deficient neuroenergetics leads to downregulated neuronal signaling and increased glial activation, resulting in aging-related @entity73 .

title: Hippocampal expression analyses reveal selective association of immediate-early, neuroenergetic, and myelinogenic pathways with XXXX in aged @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: PSA screening is a tremendous burden for the pathologist, who has to see so many biopsies, but it is not only an intellectual burden to make a right diagnosis, it is also a real logistic burden. The TNM stage of the @entity5 detected has also changed. It's become more and more organ-confined @entity5 . Small volume of @entity5 in the biopsy is frequently consistent with an organ-confined @entity5 , but not necessarily with a small @entity5 . Another problem is the nonsense of the TNM (2002) staging of @entity263 . You can have a @entity5 in one lobe with a bad prognosis which is classified as pT2b. Two or more small @entity5 foci in both lobes with a small @entity5 volume and good prognosis correspond to pT2c. Such a staging does not make any sense, and should be changed in the future. One of the most frequent (up to 90%) lesions encountered in prostate biopsies are the @entity3202 . Inexperienced pathologists can easily mistake this lesion for @entity5 . These nuclei are really ugly looking, and if you use proliferation markers, they proliferate like @entity5 , or even more. The chromosomal marker most frequently associated with @entity263 genesis and progression is the long arm of 8q24.

title: Pathological aspects of XXXX aggressive behavior. Personal experience in differentiating data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'voluminous cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic areas']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies ( @entity7134 ) are associated with increased risk for @entity309 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the presence and levels of @entity7134 on @entity625 development in @entity1 with @entity4841 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity4841 positive for @entity7134 or IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) were tested for the @entity24602 ( @entity24602 ) and were prospectively followed up for at least 12 months. Absence of clinical @entity625 at inclusion and @entity625 development during follow-up were independently confirmed by two investigators. Cox regression hazard analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for @entity625 development. RESULTS: 147 @entity1 with @entity4841 were included (50 @entity7134 positive, 52 IgM-RF positive and 45 positive for both antibodies). After a median follow-up of 28 months (interquartile range (IQR) 19-39), 29 @entity1 developed @entity625 in a median of 4 (IQR 3-6) joints and 26 (90%) of these were @entity7134 positive. The presence of @entity7134 (HR = 6.0; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.8 to 19.8; p = 0.004), but not of IgM-RF (HR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.6 to 3.1) nor the @entity24602 (HR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.7 to 3.0), was associated with @entity625 development. Within the group of @entity7134 -positive @entity1 , the risk for @entity625 was enhanced by the presence of IgM-RF (HR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.4 to 6.9; p = 0.01) and high @entity7134 levels (HR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5; p = 0.008), but not the @entity24602 (HR = 1.0; 95% CI 0.5 to 2.1; p = 1.0). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity4841 the presence of @entity7134 (but not of IgM-RF or @entity24602 ) predicts @entity625 development. The risk in @entity7134 -positive @entity1 may be further increased by the concomitant presence of IgM-RF or high levels of @entity7134 .

title: XXXX development in @entity1 with @entity4841 is strongly associated with anti-citrullinated protein antibody status: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity24602 :: ('MESH:D012753', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'shared epitope']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']


abstract: Seven @entity1 with @entity134 resistant @entity1985 ( @entity628 in six, @entity7622 in one) were treated with @entity205 for 12 weeks. Five of these @entity1 were also resistant to @entity786 . All @entity1 had normal renal function. @entity205 was started at 8 mg/kg/day then increased until a trough blood level of 100-300 ng/ml (HPLC) was achieved. Three of the seven @entity1 achieved complete remission, and the other four had a significant reduction in their @entity644 (p less than 0.05). In the three @entity1 who achieved complete remission, relapse of @entity644 occurred within six weeks of ceasing @entity205 . All @entity1 experienced some @entity8 with mean @entity1011 clearance decreasing from 129 +/- 19 to 91 +/- 13 ml/ @entity1009 .73m2 (p less than 0.05). One @entity1 was subsequently treated with @entity205 for 12 months. He remains in remission with a repeat renal biopsy showing no evidence of nephrotoxicity. One other @entity1 with @entity134 sensitive minimal change @entity1985 who had severe @entity134 @entity137 was treated with a lower dose (5 mg/kg/day) for 12 months. She remained in remission off @entity230 , but relapsed 16 weeks after @entity205 was ceased. A renal biopsy after 12 months showed no nephrotoxicity. @entity205 should be considered in @entity134 resistant @entity1985 , and in @entity1 with minimal change disease who show signs of @entity134 @entity137 and short remission period after @entity786 . Serial renal biopsies are recommended with prolonged therapy.

title: XXXX in the treatment of childhood glomerulonephritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in renal function']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin', 'Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial proliferation']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin A']


abstract: Fungal toxins, such as those produced by members of the order Hypocreales, have widespread effects on cereal crops, resulting in yield losses and the potential for severe disease and mortality in @entity1 and livestock. Among the most toxic are the @entity14472 . @entity14472 have various detrimental effects on eukaryotic cells including an interference with protein production and the disruption of nucleic acid synthesis. However, these toxins can have a wide range of @entity137 depending on the system. Major differences in the phytotoxicity and @entity137 of these mycotoxins are observed for individual members of the class, and variations in @entity137 are observed among different species for each individual compound. Furthermore, while diverse toxicological effects are observed throughout the whole cellular system upon @entity26234 exposure, the mechanism of @entity137 is not well understood. In order to comprehend how these toxins interact with the cell, we must first have an advanced understanding of their structure and dynamics. The structural analysis of @entity14472 was a subject of major interest in the 1980s, and primarily focused on crystallographic and solution-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies. Recent advances in structural determination through solution- and solid-state NMR, as well as computation based molecular modeling is leading to a resurgent interest in the structure of these and other mycotoxins, with the focus shifting in the direction of structural dynamics. The purpose of this work is to first provide a brief overview of the structural data available on @entity14472 and a characterization of the methods commonly employed to obtain such information. A summary of the current understanding of the relationship between structure and known function of these compounds is also presented. Finally, a prospectus on the application of new emerging structural methods on these and other related systems is discussed.

title: Current and future experimental strategies for structural analysis of XXXX mycotoxins--a prospectus.

entities_list: @entity14472 :: ('MESH:D014255', 'Chemical') :: ['trichothecenes', 'Trichothecenes']

entities_list: @entity26234 :: ('CHEBI:55517', 'Chemical') :: ['trichothecene']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity26234 :: (CHEBI:55517,Chemical) :: ['trichothecene']


abstract: The protective effect of aliskiren on @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) @entity1545 has been reported. Whether or not this protective effect extends into the alleviation of renal I/R injury is not known. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of aliskiren in the kidney in this study. @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups: sham control group; sham control with aliskiren pretreatment; I/R group and I/R with aliskiren pretreatment. Aliskiren (3mg/kg) or vehicle was administrated intravenously via vena cava. Blood samples and the left kidneys were then collected to check for renal function, @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ), apoptosis and oxidative stress levels. Compared with the sham rats, serum @entity1011 (SCR) and blood urea @entity1568 (BUN) were significantly increased in the I/ @entity5698 , accompanied by @entity8 , which included tubular cell swelling, desquamation, and cast formation. There were also more apoptotic cells and leukocyte infiltration in the I/ @entity5698 than in the sham @entity35 . Pretreatment with aliskiren ameliorated I/R induced @entity8 , i.e. reduced SCR and BUN levels, ameliorated renal histopathological changes, and decreased the apoptosis of cells and leukocyte infiltration in kidney. I/R injury also decreased @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 -reduced form) levels, which were blocked with the aliskiren pretreatment. Aliskiren pretreatment exerts a protective effect on @entity63 /reperfusion injury in the kidney, via amelioration of oxidative stress, and reduction in leukocyte infiltration and cellular apoptosis.

title: Protective effects of aliskiren on @entity63 -reperfusion-induced @entity8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the heart and brain']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['histopathological damage to the kidney', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Reported in this paper is experience so far obtained from graduated or stepwise treatment of @entity2735 . The report is based on the author's own experience obtained from 716 cases as well as on another 342 @entity189 in situ which had been evaluated earlier and elsewhere by Mosler and co-workers. The five-year healing rate accounted for 99.87 per cent. The first and second periods of follow-up checks were compared for @entity20288 ,058 in situ @entity189 cases under review, and the following conclusion were drawn: 1. More @entity1 were involved in prophylactic gynaecological checks. - 2. The age peak of @entity2735 cases in the second follow-up period was two years below that observed in the first period. - 3. Decline in cases with @entity189 location in ectocervix only, but increase in cases with @entity189 in situ of endocervical or endocervical together with ectocervical locations. - The following advantages are likely to be obtainable from conisation over general use of simple hysterectomy and even more over radical surgery, provided observance of the conditions specified in this paper: 1 Mitigation of physical and psychic surgical @entity130 and its consequences; - 2. Less exposure to severe potential @entity260 ; - 3. Savings on cost of treatment resulting from shorter hospitalisation and reduced need for nursing, medicaments, and attention, using hardware.

title: [Two-decade record of gynaecological department in municipal hospital of Berlin-Friedrichshain in graduated treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative and/or postoperative complications']

answer: @entity2735 :: (MESH:D002278,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ']


abstract: 36 @entity1 with @entity2622 were treated with cytostatic drugs in our department between January 1986 and December 1988. Following histological diagnosis by staging laparotomy or by means of a scalenous biopsy, 12 @entity1 received primary chemotherapy and 3 @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy following a radical hysterectomy, because of the histological extent of the disease. Twenty-one @entity1 were treated by chemotherapy because of @entity66 . Treatment consisted at first of a combination of @entity900 and @entity2879 , followed in August 1987 with a combination of @entity3003 and @entity1260 . More than 90% of @entity1 , the @entity6461 , @entity787 or both @entity5 markers were elevated before the treatment, so that the course of the @entity5 markers during chemotherapy could be followed. All @entity1 showed primary response to therapy, the @entity5 marker levels fell rapidly to normal after one or two cycles. None of these @entity1 showed @entity5 progression while the @entity5 marker levels were within the normal range. Clinical remission was not obtained in those @entity1 with levels, which remained high or rose again following an initial decrease. After only two cycles of chemotherapy, levels began to rise further and continuation of therapy did not seem justified. Chemotherapy is often the only available therapy for advanced @entity2622 or @entity66 , even though the results of treatment in @entity957 remain poor. The course of @entity6461 and/or @entity787 levels can help in an early decision, whether or not the @entity1 would profit from a continuation of the therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The course of @entity957 antigen and @entity787 as prognostic criteria for response to chemotherapy in cervix XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine information needs and preferences of parents regarding @entity5419 . DESIGN: Qualitative study including in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the constant comparative method, aided by @entity1 checking of interview summaries, independent reviewers and qualitative analysis software. @entity1 : 84 parents of @entity1 with @entity5419 . SETTING: Three paediatric @entity566 clinics and a national consumer organisation. RESULTS: Most parent @entity1 had received third level education (72%) and 39% had occupational backgrounds in health and education. Parents experienced different phases in their need for information: at diagnosis when there is an intense desire for information, at follow-up when there is continuing uncertainty about @entity566 severity and appropriate management, and at new events and milestones. They preferred information to be provided in a variety of formats, with access to reliable individualised advice between clinic appointments, within the context of an ongoing relationship with a health professional. Parents wished to know the reasoning behind doctor's opinions and identified areas of core information content, including unaddressed topics such as what to feed their @entity1 rather than what to avoid. Suboptimal information provision was cited by parents as a key reason for seeking second opinions. CONCLUSION: Parents with @entity1 with @entity5419 have unmet information needs. Study findings may assist in the design and implementation of targeted educational strategies which better meet parental needs and preferences.

title: Parental XXXX needs: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy information']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonadherence to @entity1397 after drug-eluting stent (DES) placement is associated with in-stent @entity715 and adverse @entity299 . OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of and barriers associated with nonadherence to @entity1397 in @entity1 receiving DES. METHODS: @entity1 who received a DES between @entity3490 , 2004, and August 31, 2005, from a single academic medical center were eligible. Telephone interviews were conducted 6 or more months following discharge. Nonadherence was defined as premature discontinuation of or less than 80% adherence to @entity1397 . @entity1 were asked to identify barriers to adherence. Differences between adherent and nonadherent @entity1 were analyzed using chi(2) and t-test analysis. RESULTS: Of the 674 @entity1 identified, 257 (38%) participated. The nonadherence rate was 20%. The majority (58%) of nonadherent @entity1 discontinued therapy prematurely. @entity1 identified the main reason for discontinuation as medical barriers (18.56%), including perceived adverse effects (9.28%). The incidence of @entity1910 was higher in @entity1 who were nonadherent (12% vs 4%; p = 0.049). Overall, 49% of @entity1 recalled receiving discharge counseling regarding adverse effects. A financial barrier was identified by 22 (42%) @entity1 in the nonadherent and 73 (36%) in the adherent group, of whom 64% and 52%, respectively, reported having insurance coverage for medications. Adherent @entity1 reported higher copays ( 29.69 vs  18.14; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Prospective studies should be conducted to aid in identifying @entity1 at risk for nonadherence and possible in-stent @entity715 in order to identify interventions to improve adherence.

title: Barriers to XXXX adherence following placement of drug-eluting stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: This report deals with the relation of suicide to @entity1032 in the elderly. Our investigation of this relation proceeds from the following two points of view: First, we asked whether the fact that the elderly are most at risk of committing suicide is confounded with their increased @entity146 morbidity. Second, we asked to what extent suicides of older mentally ill @entity1 are definitely created by their @entity1032 . The sample includes 310 suicides of @entity146 in- @entity1 . There were explored in the course of a multicentre study of 6 @entity146 state hospitals in the south of the Federal Republic of Germany. The method of analysis involved the motives of the suicidal acts. Results demonstrate that the age is an autonomous risk factor and not to be confounded with the @entity146 morbidity. Psychiatric morbidity of older suicides is not sufficient to explain the suicidal act. Moreover, we found that if @entity1032 played a part, motives reflecting aspects of chronicity predominated motives reflecting psychopathology (i.e. feeling of being persecuted, loosing mind) of the suicidal @entity1 . Results are discussed with special reference to preventing and managing suicides in the elderly.

title: Suicide and XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: In a 30-year-old German @entity1 who appeared to be in good general health, numerous Kaposi @entity242 of the @entity791 type appeared on her face and trunk within a few days. Her arms, legs and oral mucosa were also affected. The @entity1 has been a prostitute for more than 10 years and an i.v. drug addict for 5 years. Her face and upper trunk were densely covered with livid red @entity5 that were up to the size of coffee beans, with a @entity2270 that followed the relaxed skin tension lines. HTLV III antibodies were present. No severe cellular @entity1200 could be demonstrated ( @entity19 + to @entity19 + cell ratio 1.15; later control = 2.4). Recall antigens were negative. Since no severe @entity1200 was present, cytostatic therapy with @entity1891 , @entity1732 and @entity4316 was carried out. Infiltrates began to regress after just one cycle. After four cycles, the @entity922 had completely disappeared. On the chest slight erythemas remained, but there were no histological signs of @entity2826 . On the legs there were still some solitary brown infiltrates. It was shown that the @entity791 type of @entity2826 responds to combined chemotherapy.

title: [Acute @entity2826 of the XXXX type in a female drug-addict. Successful chemotherapy with @entity1891 , @entity1732 and @entity4316 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['Kaposi sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune defect']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal axis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['facial lesions']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Increased concentrations of @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and of D-dimer have jointly been found in subjects with @entity65 . To understand this apparent paradox of increased inhibition of fibrinolysis (high @entity2289 ) combined with increased fibrinolytic activity (high D-dimer), we examined the relation between D-dimer, @entity2289 and the activator of fibrinolysis, tissue type plasminogen activator ( @entity3479 ) in subjects with varying severity of @entity1897 . In 325 subjects selected from the Rotterdam Study, a cohort of 7983 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 55 years and over, the ankle to brachial systolic blood pressure ratio, @entity3479 antigen and activity, @entity2289 antigen and D-dimer were measured. @entity3479 antigen and @entity3479 activity were, independent from each other, increased with degree of @entity731 ; @entity3479 antigen increased with 3.5 ng/ml (SE 1.7, p = 0.04) and @entity3479 activity with 0.46 IU/ml (0.20, p = 0.02) per unit decrease in ankle to brachial pressure ratio (i.e. increase in @entity731 ). @entity2289 antigen was not related to @entity731 . More marked @entity731 was associated with increased D-dimer, mainly in subgroups with @entity2289 antigen below 50 ng/ml, @entity3479 antigen below 10 ng/ml, or @entity3479 activity above 1.5 IU/ml. In contrast to current beliefs, we found that only a fraction of the variation of @entity3479 antigen was due to the variation in circulating @entity2289 antigen. A slight positive association was observed between @entity3479 antigen and D-dimer. @entity2289 and @entity3479 activity were not associated with D-dimer concentration. In conclusion, in subjects with @entity1897 @entity2289 antigen is not increased, but low @entity2289 levels (and possibly also low levels of @entity3479 antigen and high levels of @entity3479 activity) appear to be required to increase circulating D-dimer. This suggests that increased D-dimer levels in subjects with @entity731 do not reflect increased inhibition, but rather reflect increased fibrinolysis.

title: Fibrinolytic activity in XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity65 mortality rates have dropped significantly over the past several decades, but a shift has occurred over time in the geographic patterns of both @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity64 mortality. This article describes these patterns and discusses how they vary by sex, race, age, and over time. Death certificate information for Health Service Areas (HSAs) in 1988-1992 was used to analyze the geographic patterns of @entity301 and @entity64 death rates by race, sex, and age. Changes in these patterns from 1979-1993 also were examined. In 1988-1992, considerable geographic variation in both @entity301 and @entity64 mortality was demonstrated for each sex and race group. @entity301 rates were particularly high in the lower Mississippi valley and Oklahoma for all four groups, in the Ohio River valley and New York for whites, and to a lesser extent for blacks. Areas of high rates among whites in the Carolinas resemble @entity64 mortality patterns. There were greater differences by racial group than by gender, by the definition of @entity299 . Over time, rates have declined for both @entity301 and @entity64 , but regional differences in the rates of change give the appearance of a southwesternly movement of high @entity299 rate clusters and a breakup of the " @entity64 Belt." Further research is needed to elucidate the cause of regional variation in @entity301 and @entity64 mortality. Similar geographic patterns of high rates of @entity301 and @entity64 in the southeastern United States may reflect common risk factors. This knowledge can be used to help develop appropriate interventions to target these high-rate areas in the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys.

title: Geographic variation in XXXX mortality in US blacks and whites.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease', 'Coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the periodical patterns of events and @entity204 related to @entity65 ( @entity65 ), @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity64 in Swiss adults (>=  18 years). METHODS: Mortality data for period 1969-2007 (N=869,863 @entity65 events) and hospitalization data for period 1997-2008 (N=959,990 @entity65 events) were used. The annual, weekly and circadian distribution of @entity65 -related @entity204 and events were assessed. Multivariate analysis was conducted using multinomial logistic regression adjusting for age, gender and calendar year and considering @entity204 from @entity1576 , accidents or other causes as competitive events. RESULTS: @entity65 @entity204 and hospitalizations occurred less frequently in the summer months. Similar patterns were found for @entity583 and @entity64 . No significant weekly variation for @entity65 @entity204 was found. Stratification by age and gender showed subjects aged <65 years to present a higher probability of dying on Mondays and Saturday, only for @entity1 . This finding was confirmed after multivariate adjustment. Finally, a circadian variation in @entity65 mortality was observed, with a first peak in the morning (8-12 am) and a smaller second peak in the late afternoon (2-6 pm). This pattern persisted after multivariate adjustment and was more pronounced for @entity583 than for @entity64 . CONCLUSION: There is a periodicity of hospitalizations and @entity204 related to @entity65 , @entity583 and @entity64 in Switzerland. This pattern changes slightly according to the age and sex of the subjects. Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully identified, preventive measures should take into account these aspects to develop better strategies of prevention and management of @entity65 .

title: Exploring the periodicity of cardiovascular events in Switzerland: variation in XXXX and hospitalizations across seasons, day of the week and hour of the day.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this work was to review current data about the pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment of @entity9818 . CURRENT KNOWLEDGE: @entity9818 are @entity432 characterized by systemic or intrarenal aggregation of platelets, @entity882 , and mechanical injury to erythrocytes. In @entity2106 , systemic microvascular aggregation of platelets causes @entity63 in the brain and other organs. In the @entity1381 , platelet-fibrin @entity8 . @entity9818 is a @entity395 whose varied clinical manifestations result from the formation of platelet-rich thrombi within the microvasculature and consequent tissue @entity63 . The clinical features are @entity810 , @entity2106 and @entity882 . This diagnosis is of considerable importance because of the possible fulminant clinical course. Some atypical forms may be unrecognized. Plasma exchange is the current reference treatment of @entity2106 . However, in the light of recent publications, either infusions of concentrates of purified enzyme or more intensive immunosuppressive therapy would be more specific.

title: [ XXXX . Incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis].

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic microangiopathies', 'thrombotic microangiopathies', 'Thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['thrombi occlude predominantly the renal circulation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular occlusive disorders']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'microangiopathic hemolytic anemia']

answer: @entity9818 :: (MESH:D057049,Disease) :: ['Thrombotic microangiopathies']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to report ten-year results of ileal pouch-anal @entity254 in selected @entity1 with @entity30 for whom coloproctectomy and definitive end ileostomy was the only alternative. METHODS: 41 @entity1 (22 females/19 males) with a mean age of 36 +/- 13 (range, 16-72) years underwent ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for @entity30 between 1985 to 1998. None had past or present history of anal manifestations or evidence of small-bowel involvement. Diagnosis of @entity30 was established preoperatively in 26 @entity1 , on the resected specimen after ileal pouch-anal @entity254 , or after occurrence of @entity30 in 15 @entity1 . RESULTS: Follow-up was 113 +/- 37 months, (18-174) 20 @entity1 having been followed for more than 10 years. There was no @entity204 . Eleven (27 percent) @entity1 experienced @entity30 , 47 +/- 34 months (8-101) after ileal pouch-anal @entity254 : 2 had persistent anal ulcerations with @entity5042 and @entity738 on pouch biopsy and were treated medically; 2 experienced extrasphincteric abscesses and 7 presented pouch-perineal @entity292 which were treated surgically. Among them, 3 @entity1 with persistent perineal @entity292 despite surgery required definitive end-ileostomy. Of the 20 @entity1 followed for more than 10 years, 7 (35 percent) experienced @entity30 which required pouch excision in 2 (10 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Ten years after ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for @entity30 , rates of @entity30 and pouch excision were 35 and 10 percent, respectively. These good long-term results justify for us to propose ileal pouch-anal @entity254 in selected @entity1 with @entity30 (i.e., no past or present history of anal manifestations and no evidence of small-bowel involvement) for whom the only alternative is definitive end ileostomy.

title: Long-term results of ileal pouch-anal XXXX for @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease-related complications", "colorectal Crohn's disease", "Crohn's disease-related complication", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a b-hemolytic bacterium often found in the throat and skin. The two most severe clinical manifestations of GAS are streptococcal toxic @entity1457 and @entity39 . Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a gamma globulin made from purified pooled plasma of thousands of donors, consisting mainly of IgG. We report the case of a 40-year-old @entity1 admitted after 2 days of @entity391 and severe right-sided @entity662 . He was @entity551 with a @entity7129 , pyrexial, and vasodilated. The only other positive finding was a swollen and erythematous chest wall. Muscle layer biopsies and blood cultures soon grew extensive GAS, and an initial diagnosis of @entity39 was made. The clinical syndrome was of severe @entity326 secondary to invasive GAS. The @entity1 quickly deteriorated with a worsening @entity520 . Despite maximal intensive care therapy including fluids, vasoactive agents, and also activated protein C, the @entity1 continued to remain profoundly @entity551 . A decision was made to commence IVIg, with the aim of immunomodulation of the inflammatory cascade seen in @entity295 . Over the next 24 hours the @entity1 improved, was extubated 3 days later, and subsequently discharged from hospital after 2 weeks. Although the evidence for the use of IVIg in severe invasive @entity1129 is limited, we feel that on reviewing the available literature its use in this case was justified. The limited worldwide supply and high costs, together with a limited evidence base, warrant restricting its use to cases in which conventional therapy has failed. The literature for use of intravenous immunoglobulin in invasive @entity281 will be reviewed in this article.

title: Use of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the treatment of XXXX , in particular severe invasive group A streptococcal disease.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['GAS infection']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['GAS disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: A fribotic @entity5 microenvironment promotes progression of @entity5 . In this study, we utilize a reconstituted basement membrane mimics Matrigel based three-dimensional organotypic culture ( @entity31464 -D) to investigate the mechanisms that mediate the @entity5 promoting effects of the fibrogenic mediators TGF-b1 and type I collagen (Col-1) on @entity2220 cells. Similar to normal alveolar epithelial cells, the well-differentiated @entity2220 cells in @entity31464 -D culture undergo acinar morphogeneis that features polarized epithelial cell spheres with a single central lumen. Either TGF-b1 or Col-1 modestly distorts acinar morphogenesis. On the other hand, TGF-b1 and Col-1 synergistically induce a transition from acinar morphology into stellate morphology that is characteristic of invasive and metastatic @entity5 cells. Inhibition of the Src kinase activity abrogates induction of stellate morphology, activation of Akt and @entity3470 , and the expression of @entity5 promoting genes by TGF-b1 and Col-1. To a similar extent, pharmacological inhibition of @entity3470 abrogates the cellular responses to TGF-b1 and Col-1. In summary, we demonstrate that TGF-b1 and Col-1 promote stellate morphogenesis of @entity2 cells. Our findings further suggest that the Src-Akt- @entity3470 axis mediates stellate morphogenesis. These findings also indicate that @entity31464 -D culture can serve as an ideal platform for @entity514 and cost-effective screening of therapeutic candidates at the interface of the @entity5 and its microenvironment.

title: Src-mediated morphology transition of XXXX cells in three-dimensional organotypic culture.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) is a widespread ailment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of @entity1771 in the treatment of @entity1643 and the changes in anger status and processing, body weight, subjective @entity158 and health-related quality of life during the course of treatment. METHODS: We conducted a 10-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of @entity1771 in 96 (36 @entity1 ) @entity1 with @entity1643 . The subjects were randomly assigned to @entity1771 (n=48) or placebo (n=48). Primary outcome measures were changes on the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Oswestry Low Back @entity158 Disability Questionnaire and SF-36 Health Survey scales, and in body weight. RESULTS: In comparison with the placebo group (according to the intent-to-treat principle), significant changes on the @entity158 rating index of McGill @entity158 Questionnaire (Ps<0.001), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory Scales (all Ps<0.001), Oswestry Low Back @entity158 Disability Questionnaire (P<0.001), and SF-36 Health Survey scales (all P<0.001, except on the role-emotional scale) were observed after 10 weeks in the @entity1 treated with @entity1771 . Weight loss was also observed and was significantly more pronounced in the group treated with @entity1771 than in those treated with placebo (P<0.001). Most @entity1 tolerated @entity1771 relatively well but 2 @entity1 dropped out because of side effects. DISCUSSION: @entity1771 seems to be a relatively safe and effective agent in the treatment of @entity1643 . Significantly positive changes in @entity158 sensitivity, anger status and processing, subjective disability, health-related quality of life, and loss of weight were observed.

title: @entity1771 in treatment of XXXX with @entity1643 : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate', 'Topiramate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related disability', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tri-weekly and weekly regimens of @entity1311 have been reported to be effective in unresectable advanced or recurrent @entity356 . The present study was conducted to determine the optimal dose of bi-weekly @entity1311 and evaluate safety and antitumor effect. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included @entity1 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of advanced or recurrent @entity356 . @entity1311 was intravenously infused for 1 h bi-weekly. One cycle consisted of four weeks and at least two cycles were performed. Dose levels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 mg/m2, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity1 enrolled, 18 @entity1 (85.7%) had received prior treatment. The maximum tolerated dose was 160 mg/m2 (level 4) and dose-limiting @entity137 included grade 3 fatigue, @entity448 and @entity16 and grade 4 @entity1398 and @entity56 . The recommended dose was designated as to be 140 mg/m2 (level 3). At this dose level, only one @entity1 experienced a dose-limiting @entity137 of @entity1398 . No @entity1 had grade 3 or higher non-hematological @entity137 . The response rate was 12.5% (2/16) and 14 @entity1 (87.5%) had partial response or stable disease. The median number of treatment courses was four (up to 13 courses). The median survival time was 222 days and the time to progression was 76 days. CONCLUSION: In advanced or recurrent @entity356 , bi-weekly @entity1311 may be safely administered at a recommended dose of 140 mg/m2. A phase II study is now underway.

title: Optimal dose-finding study of bi-weekly XXXX in unresectable advanced or recurrent @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: All antagonists (sartans) are considered to be a group of pharmaceuticals with comparable indications and comparable effects as @entity1289 inhibitors, while almost lacking the side effect ofa dry cough. Large clinical trials showed that All antagonists had a comparable (statistically insignificantly smaller) effect on so called "hard targets", i.e. mortality and morbidity, in @entity1 with @entity741 and/or @entity712 . The study of their effect in the treatment of @entity101 was first limited to @entity6 and @entity1 with microalbuminuria and showed that they had a significant renoprotective effect in said cases. Large clinical trials followed, focusing on @entity101 in primary as well as secondary prevention of @entity65 . Five large clinical trials focusing on All antagonists addressed @entity64 and cognitive functions: LIFE, SCOPE, @entity9215 , MOSES and POWER. The LIFE study ( @entity9886 Intervention For Endpoint) confirmed that in 9,193 @entity1 with proven left @entity123 , @entity9886 led to a lower incidence of @entity64 or new development of @entity6 than @entity2165 , which in turn led to statistically significant lower primary endpoint ( @entity3329 , @entity583 and @entity64 ) (p = 0.021), while blood pressure dropped at the same rate. The SCOPE study (Study on COgnition and Prognosis in Elderly @entity101 ) compared @entity1564 with another antihypertensive treatment in 4,937 @entity4372 @entity1 older than 70. The primary endpoint was a decrease in massive @entity65 ( @entity3329 , MI, @entity64 ). The decrease rate reached 10.9%, which was not considered statistically significant (p = 0.19). However, statistically significant was the decrease in @entity64 (p = 0.04). The MOSES study (Morbidity and mortality after @entity64 ) compared @entity9884 and @entity9805 in secondary prevention of @entity66 in 1,405 @entity1 . Blood pressure was reduced to a comparable extent without showing significant differences between the two groups. During the study period, a total of 461 primary accidents occurred: 206 in @entity1 with @entity9884 and 255 in @entity1 with @entity9805 (p = 0.014). @entity65 were: 77 with @entity9884 and 101 with @entity9805 (p = 0.06); @entity64 were: 102 with @entity9884 and 134 with @entity9805 (p = 0.03). @entity9215 study was an open study with the objective to assess the impact of @entity9884 treatment on cognitive functions. Use of @entity9884 was associated with a significant reduction in blood pressure from 161.9/93.1 mm Hg to 136.1/80.8 mm Hg after 6 months (p < 0.0001). The total average score of the MMSE test after the completion of the follow-up period was 27.9 - 2.9 compared to 27.1 + 3.4 at the beginning (p < 0.0001). The results of the @entity9215 study support the statement that antihypertensive treatment based on drugs that target the reninangiotensin system is associated with the preservation of cognitive functions. The POWER study proved in a large unselected population the suitability and practical aspect ofa reduction in the total cardiovascular risk by means of systematic treatment of @entity101 .

title: [AII antagonists in the treatment of @entity101 and prevention of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensives', 'high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'cerebrovascular accident', 'stroke', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity9884 :: ('MESH:C068373', 'Chemical') :: ['eprosartan']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular accidents', 'cardiovascular diseases', 'Cardiovascular accidents']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['CVA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimized anaesthetic management might improve the outcome after @entity5 surgery. A retrospective analysis was performed to assess the association between spinal anaesthesia (SpA) or general anaesthesia (GA) and survival in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity320 ( @entity320 ). METHODS: Records for 275 @entity1 who required SpA or GA for inguinal lymph-node dissection after primary @entity320 in the lower extremity between 1998 and 2005 were reviewed. The follow-up ended in 2009. Survival was calculated as days from surgery to the date of @entity204 or last @entity1 contact. The primary endpoint was mortality during a 10 yr observation period. RESULTS: Of 273 @entity1 included, 52 received SpA and 221 GA, either as balanced anaesthesia ( @entity2614 / @entity681 , n=118) or as total i.v. anaesthesia ( @entity1875 / @entity1937 , n=103). The mean follow-up period was 52.2 (sd 35.69) months after operation. Significant effects on cumulative survival were observed for gender, ASA status, @entity5 size, and type of surgery (P=0.000). After matched-pairs adjustment, no differences in these variables were found between @entity1 with SpA and GA. A trend towards a better cumulative survival rate for @entity1 with SpA was demonstrated [mean survival (months), SpA: 95.9, 95% confidence interval (CI), 81.2-110.5; GA: 70.4, 95% CI, 53.6-87.1; P=0.087]. Further analysis comparing SpA with the subgroup of balanced volatile GA confirmed this trend [mean survival (months), SpA: 95.9, 95% CI, 81.2-110.5; volatile balanced anaesthesia: 68.5, 95% CI, 49.6-87.5, P=0.081]. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest an association between anaesthetic technique and @entity5 outcome in @entity320 @entity1 after lymph-node dissection. Prospective controlled trials on this topic are warranted.

title: Can regional anaesthesia for lymph-node dissection improve the prognosis in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Heterologous transinfection with the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia has been shown previously to induce pathogen interference phenotypes in mosquito hosts. Here we examine an artificially infected strain of Aedes polynesiensis, the primary vector of @entity10065 , which is the causative agent of @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ) throughout much of the South Pacific. Embryonic microinjection was used to transfer the wAlbB @entity281 from @entity197 into an aposymbiotic strain of Ae. polynesiensis. The resulting strain (designated "MTB") experiences a stable artificial @entity281 with high maternal inheritance. Reciprocal crosses of MTB with naturally infected wild-type Ae. polynesiensis demonstrate strong bidirectional incompatibility. Levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in the MTB strain differ significantly relative to that of the wild-type, indicating an impaired ability to regulate oxidative stress. Following a challenge with Brugia pahangi, the number of filarial worms achieving the infective stage is significantly reduced in MTB as compared to the naturally infected and aposymbiotic strains. Survivorship of MTB differed significantly from that of the wild-type, with an interactive effect between survivorship and blood feeding. The results demonstrate a direct correlation between decreased ROS levels and decreased survival of adult female Aedes polynesiensis. The results are discussed in relation to the interaction of Wolbachia with ROS production and antioxidant expression, @entity68 homeostasis and the insect immune system. We discuss the potential applied use of the MTB strain for impacting Ae. polynesiensis populations and strategies for reducing @entity3754 incidence in the South Pacific.

title: Reactive XXXX species production and Brugia pahangi survivorship in Aedes polynesiensis with artificial @entity281 types.

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['LF', 'Lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity197 :: ('7160', 'Species') :: ['Aedes albopictus']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: An SSR-based linkage map was constructed in Brassica rapa. It includes 113 SSR, 87 RFLP, and 62 RAPD markers. It consists of 10 linkage groups with a total distance of 1005.5 cM and an average distance of 3.7 cM. SSRs are distributed throughout the linkage groups at an average of 8.7 cM. Synteny between B. rapa and a model plant, @entity958 , was analyzed. A number of small genomic segments of A. thaliana were scattered throughout an entire B. rapa linkage map. This points out the complex genomic rearrangements during the course of evolution in Cruciferae. A 282.5-cM region in the B. rapa map was in synteny with A. thaliana. Of the three QTL ( @entity23326 , @entity23327 , and @entity43993 ) for clubroot resistance identified, synteny analysis revealed that two major QTL regions, @entity23326 and @entity23327 , overlapped in a small region of @entity958 chromosome 4. This region belongs to one of the disease-resistance gene clusters (MRCs) in the A. thaliana genome. These results suggest that the resistance genes for clubroot originated from a member of the MRCs in a common ancestral genome and subsequently were distributed to the different regions they now inhabit in the process of evolution.

title: Simple sequence repeat-based comparative genomics between Brassica rapa and XXXX : the genetic origin of clubroot resistance.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect and apoptosis induction on @entity1 @entity418 EC9706 cell by Fufangkushen. METHODS: The experiment of Fufangkushen was designed into three groups including 25.00   l/ml group, 6.25   l/ml group and control group in vitro. The method of @entity98 was used to evaluate the growth inhibition effects. @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in vitro. The morphological changes of cells were observed under inverted microscope. FACS was used to analyze the distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis. The expressions of @entity588 , Fas and @entity522 in EC9706 cells were detected by Western blotting. The clone formation in plate was used to test the capacity of cell clone formation. @entity19 experiments were conducted to investigate the @entity5 inhibition of Fufangkushen in vivo. The @entity19 were divided into 3 groups of 200   l/d treatment, 25   l/d treatment and saline control. @entity1364 and @entity588 were detected by IHC. And the apoptotic index was detected by terminal transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) on xenograft of @entity19 . RESULTS: The proliferative capacities of 25.00   l/ml group were lower than that of the control group at 48, 72, 96 h respectively (all P < 0.01). IHC showed the @entity1364 expressions, cell clone formation rate were both lower than that of control group (in 25.00   l/ml treatment group both P < 0.05). Many apoptotic cells could be observed. And the apoptotic rate was higher in 25.00   l/ml group than that in the control group ((25.2    7.3)% vs (3.4    1.5)%, P < 0.01). After a treatment of Fufangkushen, the activation of @entity522 and the Fas were higher ((21.3    4.4)% vs (1.8    0.6)%, (30.2    8.3)% vs (5.4    1.6)%, both P < 0.01), the @entity588 were lower (P < 0.01) were observed in vitro. Comparing with the saline control group, the @entity5 weight in 200   l/d treatment group were lower ((987    386) vs (1935    838) mg, P < 0.01) and the apoptotic index higher ((33.8    8.7)% vs (5.3    1.4)%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Fufangkushen can inhibit the proliferation of EC9706 cells and induce the cellular apoptosis. The mechanism of apoptosis is probably associated with the arrest of cell cycle, the up-regulation of Fas, the down-regulation of @entity588 and the activation of @entity522 in ESCC EC9706 cells.

title: [Apoptosis and growth arrest of XXXX esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell EC9706 induced by Fufangkushen injection].

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'Proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Nude mice', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Little is known about parameters that lead to improvement in QoL in individual @entity1 . We analysed the data of the @entity299 @entity2179 Study in Elderly (CIBIS-ELD) in order to answer the question of how and to what extent change in health-related QoL during up-titration with @entity2179 vs. @entity1405 is influenced by clinical and psychosocial factors in elderly @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: This is a QoL analysis of CIBIS-ELD, an investigator-initiated multi-center randomised phase III trial in elderly @entity1 (65 years or older) with moderate to severe @entity712 . Clinical parameters such as New York Heart Association functional class, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-min walk distance, as well as the physical and psychosocial component scores on the short-form QoL health survey (SF36) and @entity308 were recorded at baseline and at the final study visit. RESULTS: Full baseline and follow-up QoL data were available for 589 @entity1 (292 in the @entity2179 and 297 in the @entity1405 group). Mean physical and psychosocial QoL improved significantly during treatment. In regression analyses, changes in both SF36 component scores from baseline to follow-up were mainly predicted by baseline QoL and @entity308 as well as change in @entity308 over time. Changes in cardiac severity markers were significantly weaker predictors. CONCLUSION: Mean QoL increased during up-titration of @entity2179 and @entity1405 . Both baseline @entity308 and improvement in @entity308 over time are associated with greater improvement in QoL more strongly than changes in cardiac severity measures.

title: Determinants of change in quality of life in the @entity299 XXXX Study in Elderly (CIBIS-ELD).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol', 'Bisoprolol']

answer: @entity2179 :: (MESH:D017298,Chemical) :: ['Bisoprolol']


abstract: Long-term safety and efficacy of oral @entity17873 were evaluated in 32 @entity1 with unstable @entity712 despite digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilator therapy. Oral enoximone, 75-150 mg t.i.d. was given for an average of 32 weeks. At baseline, 21 @entity1 were in NYHA functional class IV, 10 @entity1 in class III, and 1 @entity1 in class II. Within 12 weeks, 14 of 20 @entity1 surviving for more than 26 weeks had improved by at least one functional class. Hemodynamic data showed an 18% increase of cardiac index and a 34% decrease of @entity551 . Echocardiographic recordings revealed an increase of fractional shortening from 13.9 +/- 7 to 15.6 +/- 5% after 12 weeks and 20.3 +/- 5% after 26 weeks. The 1-year survival rate was 40%. @entity944 occurred in three @entity1 and pump failure in 11 @entity1 . No serious side effects were reported. Holter monitoring did not show a significant proarrhythmic drug effect. Thus, long-term enoximone therapy is safe and produces sustained clinical and functional improvement in unstable @entity712 . However, overall survival appears not to be influenced in this @entity1 group.

title: Long-term enoximone therapy in unstable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity17873 :: ('MESH:D017335', 'Chemical') :: ['enoximone']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic pulmonary artery pressure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Expanded Programme on Immunization was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in all countries during the 1970s. Currently, this effective public health intervention is still not accessible to all. This study evaluates the change in routine vaccination coverage over time based on survey data and compares it to estimations by the WHO and United Nations @entity1 's Fund (UNICEF). DESIGN: Data of vaccination coverage of @entity1 less than 5 years of age was extracted from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 71 low- and middle-income countries during 1986-2009. Overall trends for vaccination coverage of @entity378 , @entity7394 , @entity116 , pertussis, polio and measles were analysed and compared to WHO and UNICEF estimates. RESULTS: From 1986 to 2009, the annual average increase in vaccination coverage of the studied diseases ranged between 1.53 and 1.96% units according to DHS data. Vaccination coverage of @entity7394 , @entity116 , pertussis, polio and measles was all under 80% in 2009. Non-significant differences in coverage were found between DHS data and WHO and UNICEF estimates. CONCLUSIONS: The coverage of routine vaccinations in low- and middle-income countries may be lower than that previously reported. Hence, it is important to maintain and increase current vaccination levels.

title: Routine vaccination coverage in low- and middle-income countries: further arguments for accelerating support to XXXX vaccination services.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: We investigated the effects of dietary @entity4600 ( @entity4601 , 22:6 n-3) and @entity2434 (PC) on maze behavior and brain @entity1718 in @entity19 . Male Crj:CD-1 @entity19 (3 wk old) were fed a diet containing 2% @entity4601 and 3% palm oil ( @entity4601 group); 5% PC (PC group); 1% @entity4601 , 2.5% PC and 1.5% palm oil ( @entity4601 + PC group); 5% palm oil (Palm oil control group) or MF laboratory chow (MF control group) for 7 mo. After this time maze-learning ability was assessed. The time required to reach the maze exit and the number of times that a @entity19 strayed into blind alleys in the maze were measured three times every four days. After the last learning test, all @entity19 were sacrificed and plasma and brain were analyzed for @entity844 composition. The @entity4601 and PC groups required less time to reach the maze exit and strayed less into blind alleys than the control group in the third trial. The difference between the @entity4601 or PC groups and control @entity19 was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the total lipids of plasma and brain of @entity19 fed @entity4601 , there was a significant increase in @entity4601 levels and a concomitant decrease in @entity1426 (AA, 20:4 n-6). Similar changes in @entity844 composition were observed in brain @entity2434 and @entity3633 for this group of @entity19 . However, this pattern of changes in brain @entity1718 was not evident in the PC group. Our data suggest that maze-learning ability in @entity19 is enhanced by intakes of @entity4601 and PC. However, the mechanisms by which the @entity4601 and PC diets improved learning ability appear to be different. A synergistic effect of @entity4601 and PC on learning ability is not apparent in the @entity4601 + PC group.

title: Effect of dietary @entity4600 and @entity2434 on maze behavior and @entity844 composition of plasma and brain lipids in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 (21-52%) are reported to have no @entity5 on the second, also known as the confirmatory, biopsy (B2) for @entity263 @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ). If these @entity1 had a reduced risk of pathologic progression, particularly grade related, the intensity of their follow-up could be decreased. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if @entity1 with no @entity5 on B2 are less likely to undergo subsequent pathologic progression. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : @entity1 were identified from our tertiary care center @entity3457 @entity263 database (1995-2012). Eligibility criteria were prostate-specific antigen (PSA)  <=10, @entity18246 or lower, no Gleason grade 4 or 5, three or fewer positive cores, and no core >50% involved. Only @entity1 with three or more biopsies were selected and then dichotomized on @entity5 status (yes or no) at B2. INTERVENTION @entity3457 OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Pathologic progression was defined as grade (advancement in Gleason score) and/or volume (more than three positive cores, >50% core involved). Progression-free survival was compared. Predictors of progression were investigated using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of the 286 @entity1 remaining on @entity3457 after B2, 149 (52%) had no @entity5 and 137 (48%) had @entity5 . The median follow-up after B2 was 41 mo (interquartile range [IQR]: 26.5-61.9). Progression-free survival at 5 yr was 85.2% versus 67.3% for negative B2 versus @entity5 on B2, respectively (p = 0.002). @entity1 with no @entity5 at B2 had a 53% reduction in risk of subsequent progression (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.77; p = 0.003). Subanalysis showed prognostic indicators of volume-related progression were @entity5 (HR: 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20-0.62; p = 0.0006) and PSA density (HR: 1.79; 95% CI, 1.12-2.89; p = 0.01). The only predictor of grade-related progression was age (HR: 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.10; p = 0.04). Retrospective analysis was the major limitation of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Absence of @entity5 on B2 is associated with a significantly decreased risk of volume-related but not grade-related progression. This must be considered when counseling @entity1 on @entity3457 .

title: A negative confirmatory biopsy among @entity1 on @entity3457 for XXXX does not protect them from histologic grade progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['absence of cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active surveillance', 'AS']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: AIM: To study whether there is any relation between left atrial (LA) size or function and the level of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHOD: Fifty-two @entity1 (male 34, mean age = 65.77    8.69 years) with ejection fraction (EF) <35%, who were candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), underwent conventional transthoracic echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). @entity67 , @entity67 ( @entity67 ), and related time intervals were measured. The LA size and function were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography and deformation imaging using LA lateral wall strain (ST) and strain rate (SR), and the septal wall ST. RESULTS: The LA volume showed severe dilation in 41 (78.8%) @entity1 . 44 (84.6%) cases had @entity67 and 33 (63.5%) had @entity67 . In univariable analysis, the LA lateral wall ST and SR as well as the LA septal wall ST had significant but poor correlation with @entity67 . There were also poor to moderate correlation between these parameters and the @entity1002 end diastolic diameter and mitral annulus tissue velocity at early and late diastole. However, after adjustment for all the related factors, @entity67 remained a significant independent correlate for the LA lateral wall ST and SR. This correlation for the LA septal wall ST was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: @entity67 was a significant independent correlate for the LA lateral wall ST and SR. This correlation for the LA septal wall ST was nonsignificant. Future studies are needed to examine whether the correction of @entity67 by CRT in @entity1 with concomitant LA dysfunction can have an independent role in the improvement of the LA function.

title: Relationship between left atrial function and size and level of @entity1002 in @entity712 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['inter-ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony', 'inter-ventricular dyssynchrony', 'intra-ventricular dyssynchrony', 'Intra-ventricular dyssynchrony', 'IVMD']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV', 'left ventricular dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity6 is frequent during pregnancy and is associated with substantial risks both for the mother and the newborn. An adequate therapy ensures the normal course of pregnancy and delivery and postnatal development of the baby. @entity2690 , for its well known safety record, has long been considered the drug of first choice for achieving optimal glycemic control in pregnant @entity1 . Pregnancy is an indication for intensive @entity2690 therapy. The pre-mixed insulins are not recommended due to their inability to provide the needed therapeutic flexibility during the different periods of pregnancy. The short acting @entity2690 analogue aspart is currently registered for meal-time use in basal therapy with NPH @entity2690 . The long-acting analogues glargine and detemir are still investigated clinically and for the moment are only used off label in pregnancy. @entity7310 , the need of injection and the high cost are the main drawbacks of @entity2690 therapy. Evidence has accumulated in recent years that some oral antidiabetics are as efficacious and safe as @entity2690 in gestational @entity6 . @entity2449 and @entity5217 are now increasingly viewed as a rational alternative to @entity2690 therapy--a treatment both preferred by the @entity1 and a less expensive one, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

title: [Drug therapy for XXXX during pregnancy and breastfeeding in the beginning of 21 century: status quo and new challenges].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: A total of 144 @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ) were randomized to receive @entity900 / @entity2879 (PE) or @entity1260 / @entity2879 (IE) combination chemotherapy. PE consisted of @entity900 , 80 mg/m2, intravenously (IV) on day 1, and @entity2879 , 150 mg/m2, IV on days 3 through 5. IE consisted of @entity1260 , 1,500 mg/m2, IV on days 1 through 5, and @entity2879 , 120 mg/m2, IV on days 3 through 5. Six cycles were administered in 3-week intervals. Nonresponders were switched immediately to @entity3895 , consisting of @entity786 , 600 mg/m2, IV on days 1 and 2, @entity632 (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity2145 ), 50 mg/m2, IV on day 1, and @entity1891 , 2 mg, IV on day 1. @entity1 obtaining complete remission (CR) received prophylactic cranial irradiation with 30 Gy. After completion of chemotherapy, @entity1 with limited disease received chest irradiation with 45 Gy. No maintenance therapy was given to @entity1 in CR. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Of the 141 @entity1 evaluable, the overall response rate was 65% in PE therapy and 68% in IE therapy. The CR rate was 32% v 20% for all @entity1 , 50% v 24% for limited disease, and 22% v 18% for @entity66 , all in favor of PE therapy. Median survival for all @entity1 was 11.6 months v 9.4 months, for limited disease 14.8 months v 11.0 months, and for @entity66 8.9 months v 7.5 months, all preferring PE therapy. The 2-year survival rate was higher in PE therapy than in IE therapy for all @entity1 (12% v 9%) and for limited disease (23% v 10%), but not for @entity66 (5% v 9%). Median progression-free survival was 7.5 months v 6.0 months for all @entity1 , 12.2 months v 8.8 months for limited disease, and 5.9 months v 4.4 months for @entity66 , all in favor of PE. Relapse in the area of the @entity5 was found less often after PE than after IE therapy (25% v 38%). Response to second-line @entity3895 was seen in 30% of @entity1 with prior PE and 43% with prior IE therapy, but was usually short lasting, and only one @entity1 achieved CR. @entity137 included three lethal complications. @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity294 , and @entity272 occurred more often after PE than after IE therapy. These results suggest that PE is superior to IE chemotherapy in limited-stage, but not in extensive-stage @entity151 , and that @entity3895 is cross-resistant to PE, as well as to IE in the majority of @entity1 .

title: @entity900 / @entity2879 versus @entity1260 / @entity2879 combination chemotherapy in XXXX : a multicenter German randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: The prevalence and distribution of @entity2040 in Indonesia is given, with the emphasis on the current data. An extensive investigation was started in 1971. Control measures became desirable because of development schemes in and around the endemic areas, thus increasing the possibility of the spread of the @entity281 . This investigation consisted of: a study of prevalence, distribution, and intensity of the @entity281 in @entity1 and animals; clinical studies, treatment and follow-up; and epidemiological studies. A comparison was made between the results of different workers. In addition to the only known endemic area at Lake Lindu, another endemic area was discovered recently at Napu Valley, situated 50 km southeast of Lake Lindu at an altitude of 1200 meters. Surveys in other areas gave negative results. Nine species of wild and domestic animals were found positive. The intermediate host was discovered in 1971 and described as @entity12510 lindoensis. This snail is widely distributed in the endemic areas.

title: Prevalence and distribution of XXXX in Indonesia: a review.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12510 :: ('56141', 'Species') :: ['Oncomelania hupensis']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: (1) To compare the @entity3152 rates in the Bedouin versus the Jewish population. (2) To compare risk factors for @entity3152 in the two populations. (3) To compare outcomes of @entity3152 between the two groups. STUDY DESIGN: 41669 Jewish singletons births of whom 2816 delivered preterm (23-36 weeks) and 26495 Bedouin singletons in whom 2064 preterm deliveries occurred, were compared. All births took place in Soroka University Medical Center. Data were obtained from the computerized database of birth discharge records. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity3152 in Bedouin @entity1 was significantly higher than the rate in Jewish @entity1 (7.8 vs. 6.8%, P<0.01). The grand multiparity rate was higher among Bedouin @entity1 (P<0.001), as was the rate of teenage (<19 years) mothers (P<0.001). Gestational @entity6 , @entity5029 , and @entity4942 rates were higher in the Jewish population (P<0.001, P=0.017, P<0.001, respectively). A bad obstetric history and previous perinatal mortality is more common in the Bedouin population (P<0.001 for both). In a logistic regression model including all these factors, the ethnic difference in the incidence of @entity3152 remained significant. The neonatal mortality rate was higher in the Bedouin population (P<0.001), as was the rate of @entity600 (P<0.001). The perinatal mortality of Bedouins was nearly twice that of Jewish neonates with @entity600 . However, no difference was found when neonates without @entity600 were compared. @entity600 were found to be the strongest predictor of mortality. Ethnicity per se was no longer a predictor of mortality once @entity600 were included in a logistic regression model, but the interaction of Bedouin ethnicity and @entity600 was a significant predictor of mortality. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity3152 was significantly higher in Bedouin @entity1 than in Jewish @entity1 . A full explanation for this difference was not found. However, there were significantly higher rates of @entity600 in the Bedouin preterm delivered @entity1 . There was a much higher rate of neonatal mortality in the Bedouin population and this ethnic difference was fully explained by the presence of @entity154 .

title: Differences in XXXX rates and outcomes in Jews and Bedouins in Southern Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'Congenital malformations', 'congenital malformation']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: Even though HAV, @entity97 and HNANB viruses are responsible for most of the @entity99 cases, many other viruses have been reported to cause @entity99 . These viruses may involve the liver, either as part of a @entity262 (e.g. EBV, @entity2834 , HSV) or as the primary target organ (e.g. @entity22073 , @entity778 ). Clinically overt hepatocellular dysfunction is rare in such @entity1800 . Biochemical disturbance of hepatic functions shown, for example, by rises in AST and ALT, is a frequent event and indicates @entity99 . Morphological changes of the liver include varying degrees of @entity99 with a paucity of inflammatory activities. Intranuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies may be characteristic findings in these diseases. Laboratory diagnosis depends upon serology and liver histology. Treatment is still largely supportive in most of these diseases, although recent trials of antiviral agents show promise against some viruses. Chronic sequelae, such as @entity82 or @entity96 , are not encountered. More work is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of @entity99 in these illnesses.

title: XXXX involving the liver.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Lassa fever virus, Ebola virus']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular cancer']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['yellow fever virus']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'hepatic damage', 'viral hepatitis', 'hepatic necrosis']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Viral diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of alternative approaches to improve cholesterolemia control in @entity1 with statin-related @entity925 treated with @entity3709 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 3534 Clinical Report Forms (CRFs) filled in the period June 2012-June 2015 for first visits to the lipid clinic of the University of Bologna. For this study, we selected 252 CRFs based on the following criteria: statin-related @entity925 , previous failed treatment with at least two low-dosed statins, well-tolerated treatment with @entity3709 . Then, the following lipid-lowering treatments were added in order to improve the @entity3709 Low Density Lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C)-lowering efficacy, based on clinical judgment: @entity3724 145   mg, @entity8671 5   mg 1 tablet/week, @entity8671 5   mg 2 tablets/week, red @entity375 @entity579 (standardized in Monacolin K 3   mg) + @entity7652 500   mg, @entity7652 500   mg b.i.d., @entity9541 900   mg+psyllium fiber 3.5   g b.i.d. @entity1 continuing to claim a tolerable @entity925 were then treated with @entity7447 nanoemulsions 200   mg/day. RESULTS: The treatment with standard lipid-lowering diet plus @entity3709 alone was associated with a mean LDL-C reduction of 17  2%. The additive LDL-lowering effect with the various tested treatment was: -16  2% with @entity3724 145   mg/day, -13  1% with @entity8671 5   mg 1 tablet/week, -17  3% with @entity8671 5   mg 2 tablets/week, -19  4% with red @entity375 @entity579 + @entity7652 , -17  4% with @entity7652 b.i.d. and -10  3% with @entity9541 + @entity40715 b.i.d. 11% of the @entity1 treated with @entity3724 required treatment modification because of @entity925 recurrence, while the percentage was negligible for the other tested treatments. In @entity1 with residual tolerable @entity925 , treatment with @entity7447 for 8 weeks was associated with a mean improvement of the graduated @entity925 score from 4.8  1.9 to 2.9  1.3 (p= 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Some alternative treatments seems to be effective and well tolerated, thus improving the @entity3709 effect on cholesterolemia.

title: Additional therapy for @entity165 lowering in @entity3709 -treated, statin-intolerant XXXX in clinical practice: results from an internal audit of a university lipid clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity9541 :: ('MESH:D010840', 'Chemical') :: ['phytosterols']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']