abstract: INTRODUCTION: About 10% of adults have suffered an attack of @entity565 , and up to 5% of these have severe disease that responds poorly to treatment. @entity1 with severe disease have an increased risk of @entity204 , but @entity1 with mild to moderate disease are also at risk of exacerbations. Most guidelines about the management of @entity565 follow stepwise protocols. This review does not endorse or follow any particular protocol, but presents the evidence about specific interventions. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for chronic, and for acute @entity565 ? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to October 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 121 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: for acute @entity565 : @entity2263 agonists (plus @entity13265 , nebulisers, pressured metered-dose inhalers, short-acting continuous nebulised, short-acting intermittent nebulised, short-acting intravenous), @entity288 (inhaled), @entity288 (single oral, combined inhaled, short courses), education about acute @entity565 , generalist care, helium- @entity26 mixture, @entity2400 (intravenous, adding isotonic nebulised @entity1760 to inhaled @entity2263 agonists), mechanical ventilation, @entity26 supplementation (controlled 28% @entity26 , controlled 100% @entity26 ), specialist care. For chronic @entity565 : @entity2263 agonists (adding long-acting inhaled when poorly controlled by inhaled @entity288 , or short-acting inhaled as needed for symptom relief), inhaled @entity288 (low dose, increasing dose), leukotriene antagonists (with or without inhaled @entity288 ), @entity2544 (when poorly controlled by inhaled @entity288 ).

title: XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['Ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: @entity1373 of the breast is an unusual finding in the adolescent or young adult female. We report nine young @entity1 , ages 18-26 years (mean 21) with @entity1373 . Clinical presentation was either @entity21879 treated by reduction mammoplasty (five @entity1 ) or a thickening or mass that was examined via biopsy (four @entity1 ). No focal abnormalities were present on gross examination other than two @entity1557 in one @entity1 . @entity3178 , isolated @entity1157 were scattered in a background of prominent stromal collagenization. Each case showed a continuum of ductal changes, from partial to complete involvement by micropapillary and laciform @entity2543 , which was sometimes markedly atypical. In four, lobules were poorly developed or not present in the available sections. During a follow-up of 5-68 months (mean 39), none developed @entity0 . Much longer follow-up is needed to determine if young @entity1 with @entity1373 are at increased risk for subsequent development of @entity0 . Presently, no surgical or medical intervention is recommended, but such @entity1 should perform breast self-examination and be monitored regularly by a physician.

title: XXXX of the breast in young females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical duct hyperplasia', 'Atypical duct hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic ducts']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['Microscopically']

entities_list: @entity21879 :: ('MESH:C536821', 'Disease') :: ['breast hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['Atypical duct hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the acute @entity137 profile and compliance from a randomized Phase III trial comparing accelerated radiotherapy (AR) with accelerated radiotherapy plus @entity15436 and @entity4571 (ARCON) in @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From April 2001 to February 2008, 345 @entity1 with cT2-4 squamous cell @entity5 were randomized to AR (n = 174) and ARCON (n = 171). Acute @entity137 was scored weekly until Week 8 and every 2-4 weeks thereafter. Compliance to @entity15436 and @entity4571 was reported. RESULTS: Between both treatment arms (AR vs. ARCON) no statistically significant difference was observed for incidence of acute skin reactions (moist desquamation: 56% vs. 58%, p = 0.80), acute mucosal reactions ( @entity33 : 79% vs. 85%, p = 0.14), and symptoms related to @entity33 (severe @entity158 on swallowing: 53% vs. 58%, p = 0.37; nasogastric tube feeding: 28% vs. 28%, p = 0.98; narcotic medicines required: 58% vs. 58%, p = 0.97). There was a statistically significant difference in median duration of @entity33 in favor of AR (2.0 vs 3.0 weeks, p = 0.01). There was full compliance with @entity15436 breathing and @entity4571 in 86% and 80% of the @entity1 , with discontinuation in 6% and 12%, respectively. Adjustment of antiemesis prophylaxis was needed in 42% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: With the exception of a slight increase in median duration of acute @entity33 , the present data reveal a similar acute @entity137 profile between both regimens and a good compliance with ARCON for clinical stage T2-4 @entity5 . Treatment outcome and late morbidity will determine the real therapeutic benefit.

title: Acute XXXX profile and compliance to accelerated radiotherapy plus @entity15436 and @entity4571 for clinical stage T2-4 @entity5 : results of a phase III randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'laryngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['acute mucositis', 'confluent mucositis']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Although risk factors for @entity2737 following conventional open cholecystectomy have been extensively studied in the literature, for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) these have not been evaluated thoroughly. We studied factors that influence @entity2737 following LC. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of @entity2737 following LC in low-risk @entity1 and the factors that influence its causation. Over a 2-year period, 113 low-risk @entity1 undergoing elective LC for symptomatic @entity5990 were included in this study. Nasal swab and abdominal skin swab cultures were taken one day prior to surgery to detect any aerobic organisms. Intraoperatively, gallbladder bile and a swab from the epigastric port were taken for aerobic and anaerobic culture. Post-operatively, a wound swab was taken from the infected port site (if any) and cultured to detect any aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The duration of preoperative hospital stay, operating time and intraoperative @entity1157 were noted for each @entity1 . The @entity1 were evaluated on post-operative days 1, 7, 14 and 30 to look for any evidence of @entity2737 . Step-wise logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors influencing the occurrence of @entity2737 . @entity2737 developed in 7/113 @entity1 (6.3%) and was more common in @entity1 who were positive for nasal @entity794 (7.3% v. 4.1%, p not statistically significant), bactibilia (12.7% v. 1.5%, p < 0.01) and wound contamination at the time of surgery (13.9% v. 1.3%, p < 0.04). Step-wise logistic regression analysis showed a 13.2 times higher incidence of @entity2737 in @entity1 who had bactibilia. Bactibilia is the most important predictor of @entity2737 in low-risk @entity1 undergoing elective LC. As it may not be possible to diagnose which @entity1 have bactibilia by routine investigation, it is advisable to use prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the incidence of @entity2737 .

title: Factors influencing XXXX following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile spillage']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gall stone disease']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection', 'wound infection']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['wound infection']


abstract: The effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on @entity735 movement @entity146 ( @entity3257 ) in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is not well known. We evaluated the change in the incidence of probable @entity3257 after bilateral STN DBS in @entity191 @entity1 . Ninety @entity1 with @entity191 treated with bilateral STN DBS underwent retrospective assessment of @entity3257 by interview before and after DBS. Forty-seven (52.2%) of the 90 @entity1 had @entity3257 preoperatively. @entity3257 was resolved only in one @entity1 and persisted in 46 @entity1 at 1year after DBS. @entity3257 developed de novo in 16 @entity1 (de novo @entity3257 group) within 1year after DBS, resulting in 62 (68.9%) of the 90 @entity1 having @entity3257 1year after DBS. @entity1 with @entity3257 at any time within 1year after DBS ( @entity3257 group, n=63) were older than the @entity1 without @entity3257 ( @entity3257 , n=27). The sum of the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) axial score for the "on" state was lower in the @entity3257 group than in the @entity3257 after DBS (p=0.029). Comparing the de novo @entity3257 group and @entity3257 , the UPDRS Part III and total score and the levodopa equivalent daily doses for the "on" states decreased more in the de novo @entity3257 group than in the @entity3257 (p<0.05). The incidence of clinical @entity3257 increased after bilateral STN DBS because de novo @entity3257 developed and pre-existing @entity3257 persisted after DBS.

title: @entity735 movement @entity146 after bilateral subthalamic stimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD', 'Parkinson Disease']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['rapid eye']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-RBD group', 'RBD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity3794 is a complicated chain of interactions between cells and molecules. During recent years bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in @entity1 with various @entity401 has increased our knowledge of the @entity82 process and focused on new interesting interactions. Here we present an animal model which makes it possible to apply both morphological and immunohistochemical tissue staining to perform bronchoalveolar lavage in the same animal. Irradiation is an established method for experimentally evoking @entity82 in animals. @entity35 received irradiation (30 Gy) to the lower parts of both lungs. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in the right lung. The biochemical determination of lavage concentration of hyaluronan (HA) and cellular differential counts were compared with interstitial morphology. Animals were sacrificed and analysed 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after irradiation. After 6 weeks a massive increase in connective tissue mast cells was seen in the peribronchial and alveolar-interstitial tissue. This @entity5310 was closely related to a marked increase in HA. It became obvious that, in this model, cellular analysis of BAL fluid did not correctly reflect the cellular changes in the lung interstitium. While BAL revealed a pronounced increase of neutrophils with no--or only very few--mast cells, a concomitant increase in mononuclear cells and mast cells was seen in the lung interstitium. In contrast an increase in HA in BAL correlated well with an increase in HA-deposition in the lung interstitium, indicating that measurement of a non-cellular component, such as HA, may better reflect the tissue @entity32 .

title: Hyaluronan reflects the pre-fibrotic @entity32 in irradiated XXXX lung: concomitant analysis of parenchymal tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disorders']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Five inpatients with @entity4225 ( @entity4225 ) participated in 6   months of three times per week psychodynamic therapy (PDT). @entity1 completed a measure of psychological distress every week. A total of 127 sessions were audiotaped and coded using the psychotherapy process Q-set (PQS) and correlated with PQS prototypes of five treatment models-PDT, cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy, transference focused psychotherapy and dialectical behaviour therapy. Prototypical CBT process was most prevalent in three of the five PDT-labelled treatments. Prototypical PDT process significantly decreased over time in three of the five treatments. Prototypical process correlations with time were inversely proportional to prototypical process correlations with distress levels. In a multiple regression model that included all five prototypical process correlations across these three treatments, CBT and transference focused psychotherapy predicted @entity147 , whereas PDT predicted increases in distress. PQS items most negatively correlated with distress included the therapist's emphasis on feelings, empathic attunement and control over the interaction. Discussion of dreams or fantasies and therapist aloofness were most positively correlated with distress. An effective PDT treatment model for severely disturbed @entity4225 inpatients requires technical flexibility to supplement CBT processes such as control over the interaction that can structure intense interpersonal dysregulation and stabilize distress. Copyright    2013 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: Practitioners and their @entity1 sense which prototypical processes to increase or decrease over time to reduce @entity1 ' distress. An effective PDT treatment model for severely disturbed @entity4225 @entity1 needs to integrate and encourage the emergence of empathically attuned interactions in the context of a highly structured therapy experience. Practitioners need to be flexible enough to change intervention strategies when they seem to be increasing distress in severely disturbed @entity4225 @entity1 .

title: The Relation between Prototypical Processes and Psychological Distress in Psychodynamic Therapy of Five Inpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['distress reduction']

answer: @entity4225 :: (MESH:D001883,Disease) :: ['Borderline Personality Disorder']


abstract: Reliable diagnosis of @entity55 in ventilated @entity1 is frequently difficult, since there is no single specific criterion. In the present study, the following diagnostic criteria for @entity55 were checked in 25 ventilated @entity1 : 1. temperature over 38.5 degrees C, 2. @entity491 over 12,000/mm3, infiltration in the x-ray, 4. positive auscultatory findings, 5. purulent @entity8276 ( @entity8276 ), 6. positive bacteriological findings ( @entity8276 ). Diagnosis of @entity2028 was assumed if in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) the concentration of a plausible causative organism was greater than or equal to 10(4)/ml and the "Bacterial Index" (BI) was greater than or equal to 6 (16). 15 @entity1 fulfilled more than four criteria for @entity55 . In all @entity1 the concentration of bacteria in the BAL was greater than or equal to 10(4)/ml (median 10(6)/ml, BI: 10). 10 @entity1 fulfilled less than or equal to 4 criteria of @entity55 . In three of the @entity1 , BAL was sterile, in four cases organisms less than 10(4) were isolated; none of these patients received antibiotics and diagnosis of @entity55 was not confirmed in the further @entity221 . In three @entity1 , bacteria greater than or equal to 10(4)/ml were isolated (BI 9, 10, 13); they improved under adequate antibiotic therapy. We conclude from these results that "as a rule" more than four of the criteria of @entity55 specified above should be present for diagnosis of @entity55 in ventilated @entity1 in a surgical intensive-care ward. If there is any doubt, BAL should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

title: [The value of criteria for XXXX in the diagnosis of a ventilated @entity55 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'tracheal secretion']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze relationships between physical occupational exposures, post-retirement shoulder/knee @entity158 , and @entity28 . METHODS: 9 415 male @entity1 (aged 63-73 in 2012) from the French GAZEL cohort answered self-administered questionnaires in 2006 and 2012. Occupational exposures retrospectively assessed in 2006 included arm elevation and squatting (never, <10 years, >= 10 years). "Severe" shoulder and knee @entity158 were defined as >= 5 on an 8-point scale. BMI was self-reported. RESULTS: Mean BMI was 26.59 kg/m2 +/-3.5 in 2012. Long-term occupational exposure to arm elevation and squatting predicted severe shoulder and knee @entity158 after retirement. @entity28 (BMI>= 30 kg/m2) was a risk factor for severe shoulder @entity158 (adjusted OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.03, 1.90). Overweight (adjusted OR 1.71; 1.28,2.29) and @entity28 (adjusted OR 3.21; 1.90,5.41) were risk factors for severe knee @entity158 . In stratified models, associations between long-term squatting and severe knee @entity158 varied by BMI. CONCLUSION: @entity28 plays a role in relationships between occupational exposures and @entity4512 . Further prospective studies should use BMI in analyses of @entity4512 and occupational factors, and continue to clarify this relationship.

title: Does @entity28 Modify the Relationship between Exposure to Occupational Factors and XXXX in @entity1 ? Results from the GAZEL Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['Musculoskeletal Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reproductive and lifestyle factors influence both @entity0 risk and prognosis; this might be through @entity0 subtype. Subtypes defined by immunohistochemical hormone receptor markers and gene expression signatures are used to predict prognosis of @entity0 @entity1 based on their @entity5 biology. We investigated the association between established @entity0 risk factors and the 70-gene prognostication signature in @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Standardised questionnaires were used to obtain information on established risk factors of @entity0 from the Dutch @entity1 of the MINDACT trial. Clinical-pathological and genomic information were obtained from the trial database. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between lifestyle risk factors and @entity5 prognostic subtypes, measured by the 70-gene MammaPrint(  ) signature (i.e.  low-risk or high-risk @entity5 ). RESULTS: Of the 1555 @entity0 @entity1 included, 910 had low-risk and 645 had high-risk @entity5 . Current body mass index (BMI), age at menarche, age at first birth, age at menopause, hormonal contraceptive use  and hormone replacement therapy use were not associated with MammaPrint(  ). In parous @entity1 , higher parity was associated with a lower risk (OR: 0.75, [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.59-0.95] P  =  0.018) and longer breastfeeding duration with a higher risk (OR: 1.03, [95% CI: 1.01-1.05] P  =  0.005) of developing high-risk @entity5 ; risk estimates were similar within @entity2931 receptor-positive disease. After stratifying by menopausal status, the associations remained present in post-menopausal @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Using prognostic gene expression profiles, we have indications that specific reproductive factors may be associated with prognostic @entity5  subtypes beyond hormone receptor status.

title: An association study of established @entity0 reproductive and lifestyle risk factors with XXXX subtype defined by the prognostic 70-gene expression signature (MammaPrint(  )).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Background. The purpose of this paper is to present the technique of percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD), give some indications for its use, and provide a preliminary evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of this procedure in the treatment of @entity1643 , based on the authors' own experience. Material and methods. We performed a prospective analysis of treatment outcome in 212 @entity1 who received PLDD in our clinic between March 2003 and January 2004, and who reported for the planned follow-up examination. Results. In 79.2% of these cases we achieved resolution or significant @entity158 , and this effect persisted throughout the observation period of 6 weeks post surgery. In 3.8% of our @entity1 , transient improvement was followed by intensification of @entity1643 , associated with the appearance of the most common complication after PLDD: inflammation of the disk and adjacent fragments of the elastic lamina of the vertebral bodies. Conclusions. In most cases PLDD is not a genuine alternative to open @entity2649 . It is most often administered to @entity1 who have @entity1118 from a slight extrusion of the disc, typically not qualified for surgery as the treatment method of choice. All other @entity1 , even with larger herniations, can be administered PLDD as a last attempt at minimally invasive treatment prior to surgery, provided there are no obvious features of disruption of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

title: Early results of percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) as a treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['surgery on lumbar discopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['discopathic lumbar pain']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is an effective anti-psoriatic agent but there are major concerns about its long-term @entity137 , in particular to the liver. Reported frequencies and recommendations for monitoring @entity1 on @entity1500 vary considerably. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and severity of @entity1500 -associated adverse drug reactions (ADR) in @entity1 with @entity1569 and @entity5144 . A retrospective analysis was performed of 104 @entity1569 and @entity5144 @entity1 (60 male, 44 female) treated with @entity1500 between October 1968 and October 1998. The severity of ADR was classified according to Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC). Acute ADR was defined as adverse effects within the first 90 days of @entity1500 therapy. ADR seen later were classified as chronic. In 83 @entity1 165 ADR were noted within the beginning of @entity1500 therapy. In five @entity1 treatment was terminated because of ADR. During long-term therapy 23 @entity1 received < or = 2000 mg @entity1500 (group A); 81 received a cumulative dose greater than 2000 mg (group B). The total frequency of ADR in group B and the frequency of ADR CTC grade 3 or 4 in general was not significantly increased in group B (chi2 test; P = 0.468). Group B was characterised as follows: CTC grade 3 or 4 blood count changes led significantly more often to the termination of @entity1500 (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.048), CNS side-effects (P = 0.016) and @entity281 were more frequent (chi test; P<0.001). Liver changes and serum enzyme level increases were not significantly more frequent in group B. ADR are common in @entity1569 @entity1 on @entity1500 therapy independent of the cumulative dose. In most cases they are temporary by nature and mild. Liver changes and serum enzyme level increases were not a major problem in our @entity1 .

title: @entity137 of @entity1499 treatment in XXXX and @entity5144 --short- and long-term @entity137 in 104 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Epidemiologic studies demonstrated an excess risk of @entity741 ( @entity741 ) among individuals who simultaneously exhibit @entity101 and elevated atherogenic lipids ( @entity301 ( @entity301 )-status). Yet, relatively little is known about factors which contribute to the development of @entity301 -status during early and middle adulthood. The present study explores the role of selected biobehavioral and psychosocial factors in explaining @entity301 -status using data from a prospective 6.5 years investigation of a cohort of 416 middle-aged (40.8 +/- 9.6 years) male blue-collar workers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that overweight (odds ratio (o.r.) 4.14), smoking (o.r. 2.19), low promotion prospects at work (o.r. 2.71), competitiveness at work (o.r. 2.79) and feelings of sustained anger (o.r. 5.41) independently contribute to the explanation of @entity301 -status. Furthermore, the operational definition of @entity301 -status is validated by estimating its power in predicting @entity741 incidence in the study cohort. In conclusion, co-manifestation of @entity101 and elevated lipids is more likely to exist among those blue-collar @entity1 who exhibit distinct work-related characteristics in addition to established biobehavioral risks such as overweight and smoking. In view of the high prevalence of @entity301 -status and of @entity741 among @entity1 in the lower socio-economic strata this finding is also of interest for health policy.

title: Psychosocial and biobehavioral characteristics of @entity101 XXXX with elevated atherogenic lipids.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHR', 'coronary high risk']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity259 requires lifelong monitoring with serum thyroglobulin, radioactive iodine whole body scanning, and other imaging modalities. @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) withdrawal for thyroglobulin measurement and whole body scanning increases these tests' sensitivities but causes @entity1375 . Recombinant @entity1 TSH (rhTSH) enables testing without @entity2016 withdrawal. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the impact of short-term @entity1375 on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of @entity1 after rhTSH vs. @entity2016 withdrawal. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : In this multicenter study, the SF-36 Health Survey was administered to 228 @entity1 at three time points: on @entity2016 , after rhTSH, and after @entity2016 withdrawal. INTERVENTIONS: INTERVENTIONS included administration of rhTSH on @entity2016 and withdrawal from thyroid hormone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean SF-36 scores were compared during the two interventions and with the U.S. general population and @entity1 with @entity712 , @entity308 , and @entity2704 . RESULTS: @entity1 had SF-36 scores at or above the norm for the general U.S. population in six of eight domains at baseline on @entity2016 and in seven of eight domains after rhTSH. @entity1 ' scores declined significantly in all eight domains after @entity2016 withdrawal when compared with the other two periods (P < 0.0001). @entity1 ' HRQOL scores while on @entity2016 and after rhTSH were at or above those for @entity1 with @entity712 , @entity308 , and @entity2704 in all eight domains. After @entity2016 withdrawal, @entity1 ' HRQOL scores were significantly below @entity712 , @entity308 , and @entity2704 norms in six, three, and six of the eight domains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity1375 after @entity2016 withdrawal is associated with a significant decline in quality of life that is abrogated by rhTSH use.

title: A comparison of short-term changes in health-related quality of life in @entity259 @entity1 undergoing diagnostic evaluation with recombinant XXXX thyrotropin compared with thyroid hormone withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['Levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine headache', 'migraine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated that mast cells were significantly increased during @entity1800 , but their precise role in the process is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of mast cells in this process by using @entity6850 , a mast cell membrane stabilizer. A total of 60 specific-pathogen-free @entity1573 were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 birds each ( @entity1800 -infected group, @entity6850 -pretreated group, and the control group). The @entity6850 -pretreated group was administered orally with @entity6850 before @entity1800 . On 12, 24, and 48 h postinfection, 5 @entity1573 from each treatment were killed. Tissues of proventriculus were collected to quantify mast cells, the content of tryptase and @entity112 by cytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence analysis, respectively. The results showed that the population of mast cells and the content of tryptase and @entity112 were increased significantly in the proventriculus (P < 0.01) of infected birds compared with the control group. An @entity697 was observed in the infected @entity1573 . In contrast, among @entity1573 pretreated with @entity6850 , followed by @entity1800 , the mast cells number and the content of tryptase and @entity112 were decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Likely as a result, the @entity3137 was remitted remarkably. The overall results of this experiment suggest that mast cells are implicated in @entity1800 -induced @entity3137 . Inhibition of mast cell mediator release may represent a novel strategy to modulate this process.

title: Evidence for a role of mast cells in the XXXX induced by @entity1800 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['NDV', 'Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection', 'NDV infection']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity6850 :: ('MESH:D007665', 'Chemical') :: ['ketotifen']

answer: @entity3137 :: (MESH:D009059,Disease) :: ['mucosal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic idiopathic @entity110 is considered an @entity566 -like @entity272 , and in some cases an auto-reactivity caused by mast cell degranulating factors has been demonstrated. A positive reaction to the autologous serum skin test (ASST), reflecting the presence of factors capable to degranulate the mast cells, is regarded as a reliable in vivo diagnostic test in chronic @entity110 @entity1 . About one out of three @entity1 complaining for @entity2490 or @entity565 does not show sensitization to any allergenic source. No data are available on the application of ASST to respiratory @entity1 . METHODS: A cohort of respiratory @entity1 , aged 1 to 80 years, complaining about suspected respiratory symptoms was screened using a panel of inhalant allergens by means of SPT and IgE. Current and past information on skin and respiratory symptoms were recorded for each @entity1 . @entity1 were divided in ' @entity566 ' and ' @entity566 -like' whether or not they react to at least one allergenic source. Age and gender distribution were analyzed. A control group fulfilling criteria for @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ) was selected as well. The ASST was applied to the control @entity14687 group, to the @entity566 -like and @entity566 subsets, and to a group of 58 healthy adult subjects. RESULTS: @entity566 and @entity566 -like @entity1 were differently distributed in relation to age and gender. @entity566 -like @entity1 were prevalent before age six, whereas the prevalence of @entity56 steadily increased with age representing the large majority of @entity1 in late childhood. The ratio of @entity566 / @entity566 -like subjects continues to increase in adult males, whereas adult females represent the large majority of the adult @entity1 mainly within the @entity566 -like subset. Fifty-eight percent of @entity14687 control @entity1 reacted to the ASST. Among @entity566 -like @entity1 ASST was positive in 47% of the adults (male 26%, female 54%), and in 84% of the @entity1 (no gender differences). The percentage of reactive subjects increased in the adult @entity566 -like subset if a @entity14687 was associated (65%). Eighty-six percent of the pediatric @entity1 and 61% of the adults having an @entity566 respiratory disease associated with an @entity566 -like condition had a positive ASST reactivity. Pure @entity566 @entity1 reacted in 73% and 40% of the cases in the @entity1 and adults subgroups, respectively. Forty-five percent of healthy controls reacted to the ASST as well, and statistically significant gender differences were still recorded. CONCLUSIONS: An ASST reactivity is reported for the first time in @entity566 -like respiratory @entity1 . A higher prevalence of reactive subjects has been recorded in all the pediatric subsets without gender differences, whereas female reactivity is prevalent among adults. The ASST reactivity seems to parallel the @entity1 distribution within the entire respiratory cohort. Further studies are needed to demonstrate that the serum factors causing the ASST reactivity in respiratory @entity1 are the same as for @entity14687 affected subjects. In the light of recent in vitro findings, the ASST reactivity of healthy subjects could lead to a new interpretation of the autologous serum reactivity.

title: XXXX -like @entity565 and @entity2490 . A cross-sectional survey of a respiratory cohort and a diagnostic approach using the autologous serum skin test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity14687 :: ('MESH:D007566', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria', 'CIU']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergics']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 and reperfusion of the liver are associated with changes in the interaction of leukocyte-endothelium cells. The role of an adhesion molecule, P-selectin, is studied in @entity63 and reperfusion @entity99 . STUDY DESIGN: Total @entity99 was produced in the @entity35 for 90 minutes, using a portosystemic shunt. To determine the role of P-selectin in @entity63 and reperfusion, a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody to P-selectin (1 mg/kg) was used at different times (30 minutes before and at reperfusion and five minutes and 24 hours after reperfusion). @entity35 survived for seven days, and tests showing @entity99 , @entity1589 in hepatic tissue, and histologic studies were analyzed at four hours postreperfusion. RESULTS: Survival improved from 15 percent for the @entity35 in the @entity63 control group to 55 percent for those in the group receiving anti-P-selectin antibody given 30 minutes before reperfusion (p < 0.05). We observed an improved statistically significant difference in tests demonstrating @entity99 , @entity1589 in hepatic tissue, and histologic studies in the treated and @entity63 control groups. The other groups did not show consistent significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: P-selectin has a significant role in @entity63 and reperfusion @entity99 . Early modulation of the interaction between P-selectin and its ligand decreased neutrophil adhesion and migration and consequently diminished damage to the liver.

title: Role of P-selectin in total XXXX and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'injury of the liver', 'hepatic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic ischemia']


abstract: The involvement of central endoplasmic @entity671 receptors ( @entity12845 ) in muscarinic antinociception was investigated in the @entity19 hot plate test. Selective knockdown of type 1, 2 and 3 @entity12845 was obtained by means of an antisense oligonucleotide (aODN) strategy. A selective @entity12845 protein level reduction of approximately 30-50% produced by aODN administration for each receptor subtype investigated was demonstrated by Western blotting experiments. I.c.v. pretreatment with an aODN complementary to the sequence of the type 2 @entity12845 (0.1-3 nmol per @entity19 i.c.v.) prevented the antinociception induced by @entity2607 (0.15 mg kg(-1) s.c.) and @entity5592 (60 microg kg(-1) s.c.). Similarly, an aODN against type 3 @entity12845 (0.1-3 nmol per @entity19 i.c.v.) antagonized cholinergic antinociception. A shift to the right of the @entity2607 dose-response curve was obtained after anti-type 2 IP3R2 and anti-type 3 @entity12845 treatments. Conversely, pretreatment with an aODN complementary to the sequence of type 1 @entity12845 (0.1-5 nmol per @entity19 i.c.v.) did not modify the antinociception induced by @entity2607 and @entity5592 . @entity19 undergoing treatment with aODNs did not show any @entity146 , spontaneous motility and exploratory activity as revealed by the rota-rod and hole board tests. These results indicate a selective involvement of type 2 and 3 @entity12845 in central muscarinic antinociception in @entity19 .

title: Knockdown of the type 2 and 3 @entity671 receptors suppresses muscarinic antinociception in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the dose distribution of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in 7 and 5 fields as well as 3-D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) plans for @entity356 using dosimetric analysis. In 15 @entity1 with @entity356 after D1 resection, dosimetric parameters for IMRT (7 and 5 fields) and 3D-CRT were calculated with a total dose of 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/day). These parameters included the conformal index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), maximum dose spot for the planned target volume ( @entity343 ), dose-volume histogram (DVH) and dose distribution in the organs at risk (OAR), mean dose (Dmean), maximal dose (Dmax) in the spinal cord, percentage of the normal liver volume receiving more than 30 Gy (V30) and percentage of the normal kidney volume receiving more than 20 Gy (V20). IMRT (7 and 5 fields) and 3D-CRT achieved the @entity343 coverage. However, IMRT presented significantly higher CI and HI values and lower maximum dose spot distribution than 3D-CRT (P=0.001). For dose distribution of OAR, IMRT had a significantly lower Dmean and Dmax in spinal cord than 3D-CRT (P=0.009). There was no obvious difference in V30 of liver and V20 of kidney between IMRT and 3D-CRT, but 5-field IMRT showed lower Dmean in the normal liver than other two plans (P=0.001). IMRT revealed favorable @entity5 coverage as compared to 3D-CRT and IMRT plans. Specifically, 5-field IMRT plan was superior to 3D-CRT in protecting the spinal cord and liver, but this superiority was not observed in the kidney. Further studies are needed to compare differences among the three approaches.

title: Comparison of dosiology between three dimensional conformal and intensity-modulated radiotherapies (5 and 7 fields) in XXXX post-surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of @entity25 in @entity1 seeking treatment for @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ) and identify correlates of poor @entity25 in this population by using a validated sleep scale. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cohort study of female @entity1 with @entity3577 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), @entity3087 Inventory (PFDI), and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ) measures were completed. Demographic data, medical comorbidities, medications, and physical examinations were also recorded. RESULTS: 407 @entity1 were enrolled. Analysis was performed on the 250 subjects who completed all PSQI components. Subjects were predominantly white, with a mean age of 61  11 years and mean BMI of 28  5kg/m(2). The majority (71%) had Stage III prolapse. Half (N=127) had poor @entity25 (PSQI>5). @entity1 with poor @entity25 were younger, had more medical comorbidities, more @entity3087 , more @entity2183 , more @entity308 , and took more time to fall asleep. Factors associated with @entity25 were evaluated using multivariable linear regression models. Worse sleep scores were associated with each of the PFDI subscores (urinary, prolapse, bowel), @entity308 , severe @entity2183 symptoms, and number of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep is prevalent in @entity1 with prolapse. @entity3087 as measured by PFDI sub-scales, were associated with poor @entity25 . Future studies are needed to better understand how sleep disturbances may contribute to the impact of @entity3087 on quality of life.

title: Sleep quality in @entity1 seeking care for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor symptoms', 'Pelvic floor symptoms', 'Pelvic Floor Disorders']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse', 'POP']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Simple scales with greater sensitivity than Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grading to detect acute @entity344 during pelvic radiotherapy, could be clinically useful. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Do questionnaires used in benign @entity344 detect @entity137 in @entity1 undergoing radiotherapy? The @entity1 -completed @entity29 (IBDQ) and Vaizey Incontinence questionnaires were compared prospectively at baseline and at Week 5 to physician-completed RTOG grading. RESULTS: A total of 107 @entity1 , median age 63 years, were recruited. After 5 weeks of treatment, @entity1 with gynecologic and @entity1820 were more symptomatic than urologic @entity1 (p = 0.012; p = 0.014). Overall, 94% had altered bowel habits, 80% loose stool, 74% frequency, 65% difficult gas, 60% @entity158 , >48% distress, 44% tenesmus, >40% restrictions in daily activity, 39% urgency, 37% @entity1241 , and 40% required antidiarrheal medication. The median RTOG score was 1 (range, 0-2), median IBDQ score 204.5 (range, 74-224), and median Vaizey score 5 (range, 0-20). Chemotherapy preceding radiotherapy increased @entity1241 (p = 0.002). RTOG scores stabilized after 3 weeks, IBDQ scores peaked at Week 4, and Vaizey scores worsened throughout treatment. IBDQ and Vaizey scores distinguished between groups with different RTOG scores. CONCLUSION: The IBDQ and Vaizey questionnaires are reliable and sensitive, offering greater insight into the severity and range of symptoms compared with RTOG grading.

title: A modified XXXX questionnaire and the Vaizey Incontinence questionnaire are more sensitive measures of acute @entity344 during pelvic radiotherapy than RTOG grading.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases', 'gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Histologic sections (minimum of four sections per @entity1 ) from 211 @entity1 with @entity521 were reviewed. The @entity5 were resected before therapy, which was standardized according to age and stage. Low mitotic rate (MR) (less than or equal to ten per ten high-power fields) and @entity730 emerged as the most significant prognostic features after statistical analysis by stepwise log-rank tests (P less than 0.0001 and P = 0.0065, respectively). Histologic Grades 1, 2, and 3 were defined on the basis of the presence of both, any one, or none of these two prognostic features, respectively (Grade 3 had absence of low MR, i.e., these @entity5 had high MR [greater than ten per ten high-power fields]). Statistically significant differences in survival were observed in the grades after adjusting for age and stage (P less than 0.001). The degree of differentiation, although significant by itself, was no longer significant after adjusting for the grades. Age groups (less than or equal to 1 versus greater than 1 year of age), which also emerged as an independent prognostic feature (P less than 0.001), were linked with the grades to define two risk groups as follows: (1) a low-risk (LR) group consisting of @entity1 in both age groups with Grade 1 @entity5 and @entity1 1 year of age or younger with Grade 2 @entity5 and (2) a high-risk (HR) group consisting of @entity1 older than 1 year of age with Grade 2 @entity5 and @entity1 in both age groups with Grade 3 @entity5 . The difference in survival between LR (160 cases) and HR groups (51 cases) was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Concordance between these LR and HR groups and the Shimada classification was observed in 84% of cases. The new histologic grading system has the following advantages: (1) use of familiar terminology and histologic features in the grading system and (2) relative ease of assessment because the degree of differentiation does not need to be determined. The grading system should be tested on a new data set with an appropriate histologic sample of similar size to confirm these results.

title: Age-linked prognostic categorization based on a new histologic grading system of XXXX . A clinicopathologic study of 211 cases from the Pediatric Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To individualize @entity1486 threshold values to avoid overdiagnosis of @entity263 and reduce unnecessary biopsy in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 406 @entity1 aged over 70 years old with @entity1486 levels between 4.0 and 20.0 ng/ml, normal digital rectal examination results and diagnosed by transrectal needle biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. The @entity1 were divided into a no/favorable-risk @entity5 group or an unfavorable-risk @entity5 group based on their Gleason score and the number of positive cores. @entity1486 levels, percent free @entity1486 level, prostate transition zone volume and the number of previous biopsies were used to discriminate between the two groups. The optimal individualized @entity1486 threshold values based on the other variables that gave a sensitivity of 95% for the detection of unfavorable-risk @entity5 were calculated using a boosting method for maximizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: A total of 66 @entity1 had favorable-risk @entity5 , and 139 had unfavorable-risk @entity5 . The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the combination model determined by the boosting method for maximizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.852. The sensitivity and specificity of the threshold values for the detection of unfavorable-risk @entity5 were 95 and 36%, respectively. By using the threshold values, 100 (25%) of the subjects with no/favorable-risk @entity5 could have avoided undergoing biopsies, with a <5% risk of missing the detection of unfavorable-risk @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These individualized @entity1486 threshold values may be useful for determining an indication of prostate biopsy for elderly @entity1 to avoid overdiagnosis of @entity263 and reduce unnecessary biopsy.

title: Individualized @entity1486 threshold values to avoid overdiagnosis of @entity263 and reduce unnecessary biopsy in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen', 'Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: We show here that @entity58508 , @entity58509 , @entity58510 and @entity58511 are subunits of the budding @entity375 @entity58512 - @entity58513 - @entity58514 complex, which associate with kinetochores and localize along metaphase and anaphase spindles. Analysis of @entity58511 -3 cells revealed three novel functions of the @entity58512 - @entity58513 - @entity58514 subunit @entity58511 . First, @entity58511 is required to establish biorientation of sister kinetochores. Secondly, @entity58511 is essential to maintain biorientation. Thirdly, @entity58511 is necessary to maintain an anaphase spindle independently of chromosome segregation. Moreover, we show that in @entity58511 -3 cells, sister centromeres preferentially associate with the pre-existing, old spindle pole body (SPB). A similar preferential attachment of sister centromeres to the old SPB occurs in cells depleted of the cohesin @entity32217 , a protein with a known role in facilitating biorientation. Thus, the two SPBs are not equally active in early S phase. We suggest that not only in @entity58511 -3 and Deltascc1 cells but also in wild-type cells, sister centromeres bind after replication preferentially to microtubules organized by the old SPB. Monopolar attached sister centromeres are resolved to @entity162 in wild-type cells but persist in @entity58511 -3 cells.

title: Four new subunits of the XXXX - @entity58512 complex reveal novel functions in sister kinetochore biorientation.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar attachment']

answer: @entity58513 :: (853010(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Dam1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Huck, CJ. Effects of supervised @entity3013 on fitness and functional strength in @entity1 succeeding bariatric surgery. J Strength Cond Res 29(3): 589-595, 2015-Evidence to support exercise training guidelines for @entity1 who have undergone bariatric surgery is exceedingly limited. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility of a 12-week supervised, @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) program and its short-term effects on physical fitness and functional strength for this population. A total of 15 @entity1 with morbid @entity28 who underwent bariatric surgery participated in this quasi-experimental study. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: 7 @entity1 (age: 53.6    8.2 years, body mass index [BMI]: 37.7    6.3 kg  m) in an @entity3013 program and 8 @entity1 (age: 44.0    9.7 years, BMI: 32.7    4.2 kg  m) following usual care; no group characteristics were significantly different at baseline. Changes in body weight, body composition, (Equation is included in full-text article.)(estimated, Ebbeling), flexibility (Sit-and-Reach Test), hand grip strength, and functional strength (sit-to-stand test [STS]) were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of follow-up. Adherence to @entity3013 was 84%, and no adverse events were reported. Both groups lost a significant amount of total body and fat mass; fat-free mass did not significantly change for either group. Flexibility and hand grip strength significantly improved in both groups; however, the improvements in flexibility for the @entity3013 group were significantly greater (p = 0.040). Only the @entity3013 group exhibited significant improvements in (Equation is included in full-text article.)(p = 0.025) and functional strength, STS (p = 0.002). In conclusion, supervised @entity3013 safely facilitates improvements in strength and physical functioning, increasing the @entity1 's capacity to perform activities of daily living after bariatric surgery.

title: Effects of Supervised Resistance Training on Fitness and Functional Strength in XXXX Succeeding Bariatric Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'resistance training']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Between June of 1987 and August 1988 we evaluated 31 @entity6 @entity1 hospitalized for severe @entity281 to determine the etiologic agents, the value of the bacteriologic samples obtained, the benefits of conservative surgery and variable predictors of a major amputation. Sixteen @entity1 suffered from @entity39 , 16 @entity4034 , 14 @entity1066 , 5 cellulitis, and/or abscesses and 22 had vascular compromise. Samples were taken from these infections excluding @entity39 material. We isolate 76 microorganisms (2.4/pt), 57% Gram-positive cocci (predominantly @entity794 and enterococci), and 43% Gram-negative bacilli. Anaerobes were not isolated probably secondary to the exclusion of @entity39 samples. There was high incidence of skin and soft tissue sampling (79%) bone (13/16) and surgical curettage (11/11). In 9 @entity1 the correlation of soft tissue sampling and bone sampling was assessed with a positive correlation with respect to Gram-positive cocci. Twenty-one @entity1 required conservative surgeries of the foot (9 underwent revascularization), 67% of which avoided a mayor amputation. However no significant variables predictive of a major amputation were detected in this study. In summary, the conservative surgery allowed to 2 out of 3 @entity1 to preserve the foot.

title: [Microbiology and conservative surgery of serious infections of the XXXX foot].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['foot infections']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Granulomatous @entity784 ( @entity784 ) are rare and represent a diagnostic challenge. Only limited data on the clinicopathological and prognostic features of granulomatous @entity784 are available. We studied 19 @entity1 with granulomatous @entity784 to further characterize the clinicopathological, therapeutic, and prognostic features. OBSERVATIONS: The group included 15 @entity1 with @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) and 4 with @entity42424 ( @entity42424 ) defined according to the World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 classification for @entity706 . @entity1 with @entity4888 and @entity42424 displayed overlapping histologic features and differed only clinically by the development of bulky skin folds in @entity42424 . Histologically, epidermotropism of lymphocytes was not a prominent feature and was absent in 9 of 19 cases (47%). Stable or progressive disease was observed in most @entity1 despite various treatment modalities. Extracutaneous spread occurred in 5 of 19 @entity1 (26%), second @entity706 developed in 4 of 19 @entity1 (21%), and 6 of 19 @entity1 (32%) died of their disease. Disease-specific 5-year survival rate in @entity4888 was 66%. CONCLUSIONS: There are clinical differences between @entity4888 and @entity42424 , but they show overlapping histologic findings and therefore cannot be discriminated by histologic examination alone. Development of hanging skin folds is restricted to the intertriginous body regions. Granulomatous @entity784 show a therapy-resistant, slowly progressive course. The prognosis of @entity4888 appears worse than that of classic @entity4888 .

title: @entity4888 and @entity42424 : a multicenter study of the XXXX Histopathology Task Force Group of the European Organization For Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['GMF', 'nongranulomatous mycosis fungoides', 'granulomatous mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasms', 'cutaneous lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['CTCLs', 'cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity42424 :: ('MESH:D016410', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous slack skin', 'GSS']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Lymphoma']


abstract: Causal relations between antibiotic use and selection of antibiotic resistance have been widely discussed. However, appropriate examinations have been mainly performed on phenotypic level, whereas genetic investigations, as well as researches under realistic conditions, are scarce. Therefore, the present field study aimed to accomplish a particular description of how an antibiotic contaminated environment influences microorganisms on both a phenotypic and a genetic level, using analytical, phenotypical and molecular biological methods. For this purpose, concentrations of @entity803 , @entity7914 , @entity5385 and @entity3403 were analysed in liquid manure samples (n=179) from Bavarian (Germany) @entity1707 farms. All detected @entity2930 found in each manure sample were summed up and referred to as total @entity803 concentrations (TET). Phenotypic @entity3403 resistance of @entity797 isolated from these manure samples was determined by means of the microdilution method. After that, @entity3403 resistant (n=147) and susceptible (n=32) @entity797 were screened for tet(L), tet(M), tet(S) and tet(O) by using PCR. If despite @entity3403 resistance no respective gene was detected, tet(A/B/C/D/K/L/M/W/Z) were additionally tested. The most frequent resistance determinant was tet(M) (n=128), followed by tet(L) (n=95). Tet(S) and tet(O) were present in 12 and 7 isolates; the remaining tet-genes were not detected. A correlation between the TET concentration in manure and the occurrence of tet(M) and tet(L) could be shown. In particular, strains that contained neither tet(M) nor tet(L) (n=44) were isolated from manure samples with mean TET of 0.35 mg/kg. If tet(M) was the only @entity803 resistance gene (n=40), mean concentrations were 0.51 mg/kg, and, if tet(L) was the only tet-gene (n=7), 1.18 mg/kg, respectively. On the other hand, if co-occurrence of tet(M) and tet(L) was detected (n=88, including 1 susceptible isolate), mean TET in the referring manure samples was 4.08 mg/kg. The present study demonstrates that high @entity803 concentrations in manure lead to higher @entity3403 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in @entity797 , genetically based on co-occurrence of tet(M) and tet(L).

title: XXXX in liquid manure selects for co-occurrence of the resistance genes tet(M) and tet(L) in @entity797 .

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity7914 :: ('MESH:D002751', 'Chemical') :: ['chlortetracycline']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['Tetracycline']


abstract: We investigated the mechanisms leading to @entity796 pan-b-lactam resistance (PBLR) development during the treatment of @entity580 , with a particular focus on the modification of @entity114 -binding protein (PBP) profiles and @entity2892 , @entity5505 , and ceftolozane (former @entity59912 ) PBP binding affinities. For this purpose, six clonally related pairs of sequential susceptible-PBLR isolates were studied. The presence of oprD, ampD, and dacB mutations was explored by PCR followed by sequencing and the expression of ampC and efflux pump genes by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. The fluorescent penicillin Bocillin FL was used to determine PBP profiles in membrane preparations from all pairs, and 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) of ceftolozane, @entity5505 , and @entity2892 were analyzed in 3 of them. Although a certain increase was noted (0 to 5 2-fold dilutions), the MICs of ceftolozane were  <=4  g/ml in all PBLR isolates. All 6 PBLR isolates lacked OprD and overexpressed ampC and one or several efflux pumps, particularly mexB and/or mexY. Additionally, 5 of them showed modified PBP profiles, including a modified pattern (n = 1) or diminished expression (n = 1) of PBP1a and a lack of PBP4 expression (n = 4), which correlated with AmpC overexpression driven by dacB mutation. Analysis of the essential PBP IC(50)s revealed significant variation of PBP1a/b binding affinities, both within each susceptible-PBLR pair and across the different pairs. Moreover, despite the absence of significant differences in gene expression or sequence, a clear tendency toward increased PBP2 ( @entity2892 ) and PBP3 ( @entity5505 , ceftolozane, @entity2892 ) IC(50)s was noted in PBLR isolates. Thus, our results suggest that in addition to AmpC, efflux pumps, and OprD, the modification of PBP patterns appears to play a role in the in vivo emergence of PBLR strains, which still conserve certain susceptibility to the new antipseudomonal cephalosporin ceftolozane.

title: Pan-b-lactam resistance development in @entity796 clinical strains: molecular mechanisms, XXXX -binding protein profiles, and binding affinities.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: Coronary artery patency after thrombolytic therapy has important prognostic implications for survival after acute @entity583 . The ability to noninvasively identify @entity1 early after thrombolysis may therefore allow other strategies, such as adjunctive therapy or rescue angioplasty, to be used to restore patency of the @entity1188 . This study examined the use of a rapid @entity908 kinase (CK)-MB assay in conjunction with selected clinical variables for noninvasive detection of reperfusion after thrombolysis. @entity1 were enrolled in a study evaluating accelerated plasminogen activator dose regimens with patency assessments by first angiographic injection during acute angiography at a median and interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles) 142 (96,195) minutes after starting thrombolytic therapy. Serum CK-MB samples measured by a rapid dual monoclonal antibody assay were obtained in 207 @entity1 before (baseline) and 30 minutes, 90 minutes, and 3 hours after starting thrombolytic therapy. In 109 @entity1 a CK-MB sample was obtained within 10 minutes of acute angiography (angio sample). At acute angiography the @entity1188 was patent (Thrombolysis in @entity583 trial grade 2 to 3 flow) in 71%. Baseline CK-MB values were similar in @entity1 with and without later reperfusion at acute angiography: 3 (0,8) ng/ml and 0 (0,4) ng/ml, respectively. At acute angiography, @entity1 with successful reperfusion had higher CK-MB values [46 (20,138) ng/ml] compared with @entity1 with persistent occlusion of the @entity1188 [8 (3,63) ng/ml; p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Noninvasive detection of reperfusion after thrombolysis based on serum @entity908 kinase MB changes and clinical variables. TAMI 7 Study Group. Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated @entity28 and prostate @entity5 relationship in a population-based @entity263 study. METHODS: The North Carolina-Louisiana @entity263 Project includes medical records data for classification of prostate @entity5 at diagnosis by using clinical criteria for 1,049 African American (AA) and 1,083 Caucasian American (CA) @entity1 . An association between prostate @entity5 and @entity28 , measured using body mass indices (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), was assessed using ORs and 95% CIs adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: A significantly positive association was found between prostate @entity5 and @entity28 . The ORs for high @entity263 among prediagnosis @entity28 were 1.48 (95% CI = 1.02-2.16) and 1.98 (95% CI = 1.31-2.97), respectively, compared with normal weight research subjects. Race-stratified results suggested the association is stronger among CAs. Interaction model showed that normal weight AAs had more @entity263 than normal weight CAs (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.36-5.30); severe @entity28 was associated with @entity146 in AAs (OR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.97-7.75). WHR > 0.98 among all research subjects adjusted for race was significantly associated with high @entity263 (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.00-2.00) when compared with WHR < 0.90. The stratified result is less clear among AAs. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a positive association between @entity28 and @entity263 . AAs have more @entity263 in general than CAs even at normal weight. Therefore, the association between @entity28 and @entity146 is not as evident in @entity4556 as in CAs. IMPACT: This study provides a unique opportunity to examine impact of race on @entity28 and high @entity263 relationship.

title: @entity28 and prostate XXXX among African and Caucasian Americans in a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['incident prostate cancer', 'aggressive prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese and severely obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer aggressiveness']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer aggressiveness']


abstract: Female athletes are at least twice as likely to sustain an anterior cruciate @entity130 than male athletes. The underlying cause of @entity130 is multifactorial. However, several researchers have identified @entity14884 as a possible contributing factor. The purpose of this study was to provide a comparison of @entity14884 between male and female collegiate soccer players and male and female non-athletes. Thirty-nine (19 male, 20 female) apparently healthy, collegiate athletes from the University of Texas at El Paso's 2001-2002 @entity1 's intercollegiate soccer team and @entity1 's club soccer team, and forty (20 male, 20 female) non-athletic students volunteered to participate. All @entity1 were tested bilaterally using the KT-1000 MEDmetric knee joint ligament arthrometer. Three tests were used to determine anterior laxity: passive displacement, active displacement, and the Lachman test. The mean passive displacement, mean active displacement, and Lachman (only for the left leg) were significantly lower for the athletic group than for the non-athletic group. There were no significant differences found between males and females for the passive and active drawer tests. However, females had significantly more laxity than males in the Lachman test. These findings suggest that strength and conditioning may play a more significant role in @entity14884 than the sex of the individual.

title: A comparison of XXXX among male and female collegiate soccer players and non-athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['knee joint laxity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury', 'ACL injury']

answer: @entity14884 :: (MESH:D007593,Disease) :: ['knee joint laxity']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Waitlists are commonly used in Canada to manage access to surgical procedures such as @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ). The timing of enrollment onto the waitlist is important as this is a proxy measure for the concordance of preferences for surgery between a @entity1 and surgeon. After enrollment, the waiting time to actual surgery extends the duration of @entity1109 , which possibly affects the outcome of @entity2798 . Waiting time also specifically reflects the delay in service delivery imposed by the limited capacity of the health-care system. PURPOSE: To determine if a system-imposed delay in treatment, that is, longer waiting time, for @entity2798 is associated with a higher odds of experiencing residual @entity282 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Ambidirectional cohort study with 2-year retrospective and 3-year prospective components, conducted at a major tertiary care center serving a metropolitan area in Canada. @entity1 SAMPLE: @entity1 aged 16 years or older with sciatica because of @entity890 , confirmed on advanced imaging, were recruited at the time of waitlist enrollment for @entity2798 . @entity1 with significant comorbidity or emergency indications for surgery were excluded. Of 391 @entity1 , 291 had complete follow-up information at 6 months postoperatively. OUTCOME MEASURE: Intensity of the predominant symptom ( @entity615 ) was assessed on the 11-point numerical rating scale at waitlist enrollment and 6 months postoperatively. @entity158 scores were highly skewed and therefore categorized into four ordinal levels defined by quartiles. METHODS: For the primary analysis, time to surgery from waitlist enrollment was dichotomized based on a predetermined clinically meaningful cut-point of 12 weeks. Ordinal logistic regression was used to compare the odds of experiencing higher @entity158 intensity between wait groups. Control of confounders was achieved using both propensity scores and conventional multivariable modeling. RESULTS: In unadjusted analyses, long-wait @entity1 were 80% more likely than short-wait @entity1 to experience higher @entity158 intensity at 6 months; unadjusted proportional odds ratio (POR)=1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.8). The association held after controlling for all imbalances in measured confounders, with long-wait @entity1 still being 70% more likely to report worse @entity158 ; adjusted POR=1.7 (95% CI, 1.0-2.8). CONCLUSIONS: A waiting time of 12 weeks or more after waitlist enrollment for @entity2798 is associated with a modest likelihood of experiencing worse @entity158 at 6 months postoperatively. This result was not because of differences in measured confounders. Future studies are encouraged to identify other, as-of-yet unmeasured, variables that might be associated with both longer waiting times and worse outcomes among @entity2798 @entity1 . Until then, in jurisdictions where highly constrained access to @entity2798 is managed through waitlists, the expected waiting time for the operation could be an informative deciding criterion for @entity1 with otherwise unresolved preferences for operative treatment.

title: The effect of waiting time on @entity158 intensity after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['elective surgical lumbar discectomy', 'ESLD']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['worse of either back or leg pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'ordinal pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated lumbar disc']

answer: @entity2798 :: (MESH:D009155,Disease) :: ['elective surgical lumbar discectomy']


abstract: Close postoperative follow-up of @entity1 with @entity0 permits the early detection of possible recurrence of disease. Such follow-up allows for the detection of a @entity5 mass, that is small enough to permit adequate treatment leading to an increased survival time and better quality of life. Thus we studied 85 @entity1 treated by radical mastectomy in stages I, II, and III during the period from December 1977 to June 1982. Among 82 @entity1 , 41 had axillary node involvement and received adjuvant chemotherapy with C.M.F. All @entity1 received a strict follow-up. Thirty-two @entity1 showed recurrence of the disease, with 28. 1% being discovered while still asymptomatic. Seventy-five percent of the recurrences were in the first 24 months after treatment. The frequency of involved sites was different between the group of @entity1 with involvement and the group without involvement of axillary nodes. We have concluded that in asymptomatic @entity1 certain exams need not be repeated at frequent intervals, and we have proposed a new follow-up protocol.

title: Evaluation of routine follow-up after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anthelminthic resistance in @entity2199 of beef @entity291 is an emerging issue globally with implications for effective parasite control. The prevalence of resistance in beef @entity291 in the Mediterranean-style climatic zone of south-west Western Australia was assessed on 19 farms, using faecal egg count reduction tests. Pre-treatment faecal worm egg counts were compared with counts at 14 days after treatments with @entity3070 (injectable), @entity18172 (oral), or @entity7305 (oral). A separately grazed group treated with topical @entity3070 (pour-on) and sampled at 28 days was included as a comparison against injectable @entity3070 . The results demonstrate that resistance is common, with failure of at least one anthelmintic (<95% reduction for each species, by arithmetic means) for either of the major species @entity5724 or Ostertagia ostertagi on 17 of the 19 properties. Resistance to @entity3070 (injectable) was demonstrated in @entity5724 in 59% of tests, but @entity3070 was fully effective against O. ostertagi by this route. Conversely, O. ostertagi resistant to @entity18172 and levamisole were present on 50% and 67% of farms respectively, with both fully effective against @entity5724 . The finding of Haemonchus placei on several properties was unexpected but the egg counts were low and there is no suggestion of pathogenic effects. An indication of reduced efficacy of the pour-on @entity3070 formulation compared to the injectable was apparent against both @entity5724 and O. ostertagi, and this may have implications for resistance development, given the widespread use of topical treatments reported in this region. This survey confirms that anthelminthic resistance in @entity2199 of beef @entity291 is common in Western Australia and the pattern of occurrence is in general agreement with surveys elsewhere in Australia and in other countries.

title: Anthelmintic resistance in XXXX of beef @entity291 in south-west Western Australia.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity5724 :: ('27828', 'Species') :: ['Cooperia oncophora', 'C. oncophora']

entities_list: @entity18172 :: ('MESH:D005273', 'Chemical') :: ['fenbendazole']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematodes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5525 Background: @entity1 undergoing radiation therapy alone (RT) or with chemotherapy (CRT) for @entity135 ( @entity135 ) experience acute @entity137 . Using @entity1 -reported outcomes to report symptom burden is widely accepted, but analytical techniques that utilize such information are lacking. Summary measures like area under the curve (AUC) are potential quality indicators and have been used as primary endpoints in symptom intervention trials. We compared 3 methods of analyzing @entity1 -reported symptom burden data in a prospective longitudinal study. METHODS: @entity135 @entity1 completed the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory Head _ Neck module (MDASI-HN) before and weekly for up to 7 weeks during RT/CRT. We calculated the AUC and the aggregated mean for selected symptoms, and we compared them by treatment group (RT/CRT) using independent t-tests with Bonferroni correction (p=.006). We fit linear mixed models for each selected symptom, with time, treatment group and group-by-time interaction as covariates. RESULTS: Of 152 enrolled @entity1 , 118 provided 7 weeks of complete data. We found that the treatment groups differed significantly on fatigue AUC (122.7 vs 173.4, p<.002) and aggregated mean (2.8 vs 3.8, p<.004). The AUC of 173.4 represents an average daily rating of 3.5 on a 0-10 scale. The groups also differed significantly on drowsiness AUC (90.1 vs 136.6, p<.003) and aggregated mean (2.1 vs 3.0, p<.005). The groups differed significantly on lack of appetite AUC (104.2 vs 150.9, p<.005), but not on aggregated mean (2.4 vs 3.4, p<.007). In all cases, CRT resulted in higher AUCs and aggregated means than did RT. The group-by-time interaction terms in the linear models were not significant for drowsiness (p<.18) or fatigue (p<.12). The group-effect terms were not significant for drowsiness (p<.04) or fatigue (p<.02) when compared to the adjusted p-value. CONCLUSIONS: The AUC is more sensitive than aggregated mean in detecting group differences and may require smaller sample sizes to show group differences. Although linear mixed models did not detect significant differences in treatment groups, the additional information provided by longitudinal analysis supplements those provided by the AUC.

title: The utility of using area under the curve to analyze symptom burden during radiation/chemoradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HNC', 'head _ neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Study Type - Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Frenuloplasty, using common plastic surgical techniques for scar lengthening, is a commonly performed operation amongst urologists for isolated frenular pathology. However, there is very little data in the urological literature regarding either technique or assessment. The only other published study was a questionnaire follow-up with a 23% response rate and the technique used was not clarified. Other studies describe expensive, rarely used procedures and are hampered by small @entity1 numbers or short-term follow-up only. Our study validates the common practice of using plastic surgical techniques for scar lengthening. We have 100% clinical short-term follow-up (3 months) and 91% long-term follow-up (up to 10 years) showing high @entity1 satisfaction scores and low complication and re-operation rates. This provides an evidence base from which to counsel @entity1 who are keen for foreskin sparing surgery for frenular pathology. The extra addition of our grading system allows @entity1 to be risk-stratified as to the risk of re-operation depending on their status at presentation and underlying pathology. OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term @entity1 satisfaction and outcomes for penile frenuloplasty when offered as an alternative to circumcision for @entity158 and/or @entity2318 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data was prospectively collected over 10 years, for a total of 106 @entity1 . The nature of the frenular problem was graded. Techniques of V-Y plasty, Z-plasty or a combination of the two were used. All @entity1 were reviewed at 3 months and contacted via questionnaire >=  1 year after surgery. The questionnaire assessed satisfaction, cosmetic appearance, @entity158 on intercourse, need for subsequent surgery and if they would recommend the procedure to a friend. RESULTS: Follow-up was 100% (106/106) at 3 months and 91% (96/106) >=  1 year. @entity1 satisfaction and cosmesis scores both averaged 8.9/10. Need for subsequent circumcision was 8% (9/96). There were minor complications ( @entity2981 / @entity281 /partial dehiscence) in 8% (9/96) of @entity1 . 97% (84/87) of @entity1 would recommend the procedure to a friend. CONCLUSIONS: Penile frenuloplasty is a safe alternative to circumcision. There are high @entity1 satisfaction rates after surgery. Low numbers of @entity1 require a completion circumcision after penile frenuloplasty.

title: Penile frenuloplasty: a simple and effective treatment for XXXX or @entity2318 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['frenular pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['frenular pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomere maintenance has been proposed as an essential step for @entity5 cell immortalization. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the mechanisms implicated in telomere length in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and to evaluate the prognostic impact of telomere status. METHODS: Ninety-one @entity14 samples that were obtained from @entity1 who underwent surgery were analyzed to investigate the factors related to telomere function. The authors studied telomerase activity, @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) length, and telomeric-repeat binding factor ( @entity7071 ) expression and analyzed the prognostic implications of those factors. RESULTS: Most @entity5 (81.3%) displayed telomerase activity. Overall, telomeres in @entity14 specimens were significantly shorter compared with telomeres in normal, adjacent specimens (P=0.02). Moreover, @entity5 that demonstrated shortened telomeres displayed higher @entity7071 levels than @entity5 without telomere @entity3207 . In relation to @entity1 prognosis, a significantly poor clinical course was observed in the group of @entity1 who had @entity5 with longer telomeres (P=0.02), and this finding emerged as an independent prognostic factor in a Cox proportional hazards model (P=0.04; relative risk, 6.48). Among @entity1 with @entity5 classified as telomerase-positive, telomere length ratios (the ratio of @entity5 tissues to normal tissues)<or=0.66 or @entity7071 over-expression conferred a favorable outcome (P=0.03 and P=0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity14 specimens in the current study displayed telomerase reactivation. However, only those @entity5 that displayed @entity5588 conferred a poor prognosis. Conversely, @entity14 that over-expressed @entity7071 demonstrated telomere @entity3207 , and @entity1 with those @entity5 had a better clinical course.

title: Correlations of telomere length, telomerase activity, and @entity7071 expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['terminal restriction fragment', 'TRF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5588 :: ('MESH:C538010', 'Disease') :: ['telomere elongation']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7647 is an important substrate for enterocyte and rapid proliferation cells. Studies have shown that parenteral supplementation of @entity7647 maintains the intracellular @entity7647 pool, improves @entity1568 balance and shortens hospital stay. However, some studies showed @entity7647 -supplemented TPN had no effect on restoring the @entity7647 pool in critically ill @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) dipeptide supplementation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on postoperative @entity1568 balance and immune response of @entity1 undergoing surgery. METHODS: This study is a prospective, randomized double-blind clinical trial. APACHE II score and TISS were used to evaluate the @entity1 after admission. Forty-eight @entity1 with major abdominal surgery were allocated to two groups to receive isonitrogenous (0.228 g @entity1568 /kg/day) and isoenergetic (30 kcal/kg/day) TPN for 6 days. Two groups (Conv and @entity20553 ) were further divided to high (APACHE>or=6) and low (APACHE <6) groups. Control group (Conv) received 1.5 g @entity1522 /kg/day, whereas the @entity20553 group received 0.972 g @entity1522 /kg/day and 0.417 g of @entity20552 ( @entity20553 )/kg/day. Blood samples were collected on day 1 and day 6 after surgery for plasma @entity535 and @entity404 , @entity405 cell and T lymphocyte analysis. Cumulative @entity1568 balance were also measured on day 2, 3, 4, 5 postoperatively. RESULTS: Although there was a tendency to have better cumulative @entity1568 balance on the postoperative days in the @entity20553 group, no significant difference was observed between two groups. However, a better significant cumulative @entity1568 balance was observed on the 2nd, 3rd and 5th postoperative day in the @entity20553 group than in the Conv group in @entity1 with APACHE II <6, whereas no significant difference was noted in @entity1 with APACHE II >or= 6. No difference in urine @entity7981 excretion were observed between the 2 groups. @entity1 in the @entity20553 group had significant higher T lymphocyte and @entity404 cells than did those in the Conv group. CONCLUSION: TPN supplemented with @entity7647 dipeptide had beneficial effect on enhancing the immune response. However, the effect of @entity20553 administration on improving @entity1568 economy was only observed in @entity1 with low APACHE II scores. These results may indicate that @entity7647 required for reversing the @entity558 may depend on the characteristics and severity of the diseases.

title: The effect of XXXX -supplemented total parenteral nutrition on @entity1568 economy depends on severity of diseases in surgical @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity20552 :: ('CHEBI:73788', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanyl-L-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['catabolic condition']

entities_list: @entity7981 :: ('CHEBI:70959', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylhistidine']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several centers use atriodistal bypass (ADB) as a protective adjunct against distal @entity63 during extensive @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) repair. Most current ADB circuits use indirect-drive centrifugal pumps. The purpose of this report is to describe our initial clinical experience with the Nikkiso pump, a more compact direct-drive centrifugal pump recently developed at Baylor, for ADB during @entity2334 repair. METHODS: The Nikkiso pump was used for ADB perfusion in 10 consecutive @entity1 during graft repair of TAAAs (six Crawford extent I and four extent II). Two @entity1 had @entity1580 . In the four @entity1 who had extent II repairs, selective renal and visceral perfusion was also performed with the Nikkiso pump. RESULTS: No mechanical pump malfunctions or adverse events related to the device occurred. All 10 @entity1 survived and were discharged from the hospital. No @entity1 had @entity451 after surgery. Two @entity1 had delayed lower @entity425 after undergoing extent I repairs; both recovered and were ambulating at the time of discharge. No complications were associated with @entity548 or cerebral, respiratory, @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Our initial experience with the Nikkiso centrifugal pump during @entity2334 repair demonstrated excellent pump function that provided sufficient flow for both distal aortic and selective organ perfusion. The prevention of permanent @entity1566 and distal organ failure was successful in this group.

title: Initial experience with the Nikkiso centrifugal pump during XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['extremity weakness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal, or hepatic function']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: @entity2314 is a rare, progressive @entity2315 caused by mutation in the GAL gene and an impaired function of the alpha-galactosidase A enzyme. The enzymatic defect results in the progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, leucocytes and fibroblasts leading to organ damage in the @entity8492 , kidney and heart. Major clinical manifestations include acroparesthesis, @entity15967 , @entity5575 , @entity455 of the @entity4297 . Enzyme replacement therapy has recently become available for the treatment of @entity2314 @entity1 . In this review the authors describe clinical features of @entity2314 in 31 Hungarian @entity1 . At the time of this analysis the database consisted of 31 cases (15 males, 16 females) of whom 5 have died (4 males, 1 female). The most common disease-specific manifestation was @entity15967 in males, and eye symptoms in females. 25% of female subjects were symptom free. Genotyping was performed in all cases and disease-causing mutations were found in all families. Three new mutations were identified. Twelve @entity1 (8 males and 4 females) are currently receiving enzyme replacement therapy.

title: [Molecular pathology and clinical manifestations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacities']

entities_list: @entity8492 :: ('MESH:D012868', 'Disease') :: ['skin, eye, nervous system']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry', 'Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity15967 :: ('MESH:D000794', 'Disease') :: ['angiokeratoma']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['heart, kidney, and the central nervous system']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common complication of @entity4039 ( @entity4039 ) is @entity2530 ( @entity2530 ) of the @entity2738 . Surgical treatments including reduction of the @entity2738 are considered as a risk factor for @entity2530 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) into the surgical decision-making sequence. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with 19 @entity4039 were retrospectively included. SFCE was unstable in nine cases and stable in ten cases. The slip angle was higher than 60   in 14 cases. Perfusion MRI with dynamic @entity2287 -enhanced subtraction sequences were done in all the cases before and after surgical treatment. RESULTS: On nineteen hips, eight were devascularized before surgery. All were unstable. After surgery, six on eight had a complete revascularization, one had a focal @entity39 and one remained devascularized. A postoperative devascularization with normal preoperative MRI was noted once. On nineteen hips, a total of three @entity2530 occurred. CONCLUSION: Perfusion MRI is useful to assess preoperative and postoperative vascular status in SFCE. Preoperative devascularization could improve or stay equal after surgical treatment. Persistent devascularization could be responsible for @entity2530 of the @entity2738 .

title: Is the XXXX dead or alive before surgery of @entity4039 ? Interest of perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'SCFE']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['AVN', 'avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head']