abstract: @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) play roles in prostatic development and function. The cells also respond to tissue injury and hormonal variations, alternating between a fully differentiated and contractile phenotype and a dedifferentiated synthetic or secretory phenotype. However, the phenotypic changes in @entity3960 after @entity342 deprivation have not yet been described. The ventral prostate of control and castrated @entity35 was processed for routine histology, immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). The maintenance of @entity3960 phenotype was confirmed by immunocytochemistry and by RT-PCR. Stereological analyses were done to define the relative and absolute volume of the @entity3960 . @entity3960 were elongated and flattened against the epithelium. After castration, the cells shortened concomitantly with pleating of the cell surface, leading to a spinous aspect. @entity4653 showed that the smooth surface of @entity3960 became progressively folded. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated both smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and smooth muscle alpha-actin in the prostatic @entity3960 21 days after castration, whereas RT-PCR amplified the message for @entity47275 . Stereological analysis showed an increase in the relative volume of @entity3960 in relation to the whole gland and the stroma. A decrease in the absolute volume of @entity3960 occurred only within the first 7 days after castration and remained unchanged thereafter. The prostatic @entity3960 are affected by the absence of @entity3800 and there is a critical transition point during the first week in which the total volume occupied by @entity3960 diminished. The remaining @entity3960 showed a marked phenotypical change. These findings indicate that ventral prostate @entity3960 maintain their differentiated phenotype after castration. The alterations in @entity3960 behavior correlate with general stromal modifications taking place after castration.

title: Smooth muscle cell behavior in the ventral prostate of castrated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['Smooth muscle cells', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Low-grade @entity11 are a heterogenous group of diseases characterized by relatively slow-growing primary @entity1313 of astrocytic and/or oligodendroglial origin. Many @entity1 present with easily controlled @entity410 and remain stable for years, whereas others progress rapidly to higher-grade @entity5 . Several studies have retrospectively investigated @entity5 -, @entity1 -, and treatment-related prognostic factors in this @entity1 population. @entity5 histology, grade, location, contrast enhancement, and molecular markers have been identified as prognostic factors for survival. Likewise, @entity1 age, performance status, and @entity410 history are @entity1 -dependent prognostic factors. However, although @entity1 who undergo surgical resection and receive adjuvant radiotherapy tend to have improved survival, treatment-dependent prognostic factors have yet to be definitively identified. Recursive partitioning and multivariant analyses have identified a class of @entity1 with good prognosis. Younger @entity1 with good performance status, non-contrast-enhancing @entity5 (<5 cm), and @entity5 of oligodendroglial or mixed-oligoastrocytic subtype have improved survival. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 has recently developed a prognostic score based on identified prognostic factors to assist in the management of low-grade @entity11 . For @entity1 with a favorable (low-risk) score, treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment should be withheld until @entity5 progression. For @entity1 with a high-risk score, treatment at diagnosis may be indicated. However, other than surgery, the optimal types and sequence of therapies are not yet established. Improvements in defining prognostic factors will assist in @entity11 management.

title: Prognostic factors for low-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: @entity9303 is an @entity394 associated with @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) and @entity392 . @entity1 with @entity601 have an elevated prevalence of several @entity792 ( @entity309 , @entity1252 , @entity1691 and @entity1569 ), which suggests a shared autoimmune background. Functional variants of several genes involved in the NF-kB pathway, such as @entity4632 , @entity4639 , @entity2451 and @entity32280 , have been associated with two or more immune-mediated diseases and allelic variations in the @entity34617 gene may influence bilateral affectation and clinical course in @entity601 . We have genotyped 716 cases of @entity601 and 1628 controls by using the ImmunoChip, a high-density genotyping array containing 186 autoimmune loci, to explore the association of immune system related-loci with @entity601 . Although no single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reached a genome-wide significant association (p<10(-8)), we selected allelic variants in the NF-kB pathway for further analyses to evaluate the impact of these SNPs in the clinical outcome of @entity601 in our cohort. None of the selected SNPs increased susceptibility for @entity601 in @entity1 with uni or bilateral @entity1274 . However, two potential regulatory variants in the @entity2451 gene ( @entity51486 and @entity64851 ) were associated with a faster @entity393 progression in @entity1 with unilateral @entity1274 . So, individuals with @entity601 carrying the C allele in @entity51486 or G allele in @entity64851 had a shorter mean time to reach hearing stage 3 (>40 dB HL) (log-rank test, corrected p values were p=0.009 for @entity51486 and p=0.003 for @entity64851 , respectively). No variants influenced hearing in bilateral @entity601 . Our data support that the allelic variants @entity51486 and @entity64851 can modify hearing outcome in @entity1 with @entity601 and unilateral @entity1274 .

title: Intronic variants in the @entity2451 gene may influence hearing forecast in @entity1 with unilateral XXXX in @entity9303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['SNHL', 'sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'unilateral MD', 'sporadic MD']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['episodic vestibular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Auditory hallucinations occupy, along with delusional beliefs, the center stage of active or "positive" @entity716 clinical psychopathology. During the last decade, several sets of @entity2167 ' clinical features were subjected to multivariate statistical analyses to disclose major dimensions of @entity716 @entity1 ' overall hallucinatory experience and behavior. However, these studies failed, to a large extent, to provide satisfactory external validations of the thereby extracted factors. METHODS: We investigated the major clinical dimensions of @entity1833 in a sample of 100 inpatients with @entity161 . @entity1 (61 @entity1 and 39 @entity1 ) were examined before the initiation of antipsychotic treatment and their assessment included 18 major clinical features of @entity2167 . Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Global Assessment Scale, and Mini-Mental State Examination were used as external validators. RESULTS: Principal component analysis resulted in the extraction of 5 factors interpreted as the dimensions of severity of @entity2167 , emotional and behavioral impact, rate of their intrusion in self-consciousness, delusional elaboration, and similarity to ordinary auditory perception, respectively. The second and third factors extracted in our study correlated with short duration of illness, whereas the first, fourth, and fifth ones correlated with chronicity. Our second factor correlated with clinical severity of @entity1 ' current mental state, the fifth factor with severity of their @entity73 , and the first and fourth ones with lower clinical @entity308 despite @entity1 ' chronicity. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study contribute to the further elucidation of the major clinical dimensions of @entity2167 and the testing of their external validity.

title: Clinical dimensions of XXXX in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['verbal auditory hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['auditory hallucinations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Explore the relationship between the pathogenic mutations of @entity6361 gene and @entity389 , and analyze the feasibility of genetic testing to help current diagnosis in part of @entity1 with @entity1274 . METHOD: 2094 cases of @entity1 were detected by @entity6361 with the method of DNA sequence. CT phenotypes of those @entity1 were classified according to the method proposed by Sennaroglu. We analyzed the relationship between the pathogenic mutations of gene and the CT phenotypes. RESULT: (1) 685 cases of @entity389 were found in 2094 cases of @entity1 with @entity1274 by CT examination (371 cases of @entity600 were consisted of the follow types of @entity853 was 6 cases, cochlea aplasia was 8 cases, common @entity85 was 12 cases, incomplete partition type I was 27 cases, @entity509 was 30 cases and Mondini @entity600 was 288 cases); Vestibular aqueduct was 265 cases; Vestibular/semicircular canal/internal auditory canal were 49 cases, normal was 1409 cases. (2) The DNA sequence results revealed that 465 cases carried pathogenic mutations (Bi-allelic mutations) of @entity6361 gene, among which 135 cases were homozygous, 330 cases were compound heterozygous. (3) Pathogenic mutations of @entity6361 gene detected 100% (465/465) in the group related to vestibular aqueduct @entity600 . CONCLUSION: The results suggest that pathogenic mutation of @entity6361 gene is closely related to the CT phenotype of vestibular aqueduct @entity600 . Detecting of pathogenic mutations for @entity393 is binging the possibility to identify @entity1 with inner @entity600 at an early stage. As a consequence, it will improve the current diagnosis and therapeutical option.

title: [Analysis the relationship between @entity6361 mutation and current diagnosis of @entity389 in XXXX with @entity1274 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['malformation. Michel deformity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'cochlea malformation', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['cochlea hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear malformations', 'inner ear malformation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cavity deformity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, associated factors and self-reported treatments of different types of @entity322 in a random older population. DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Third wave for the Tampere Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TamELSA) in 1999. SUBJECTS: 171 @entity1 and 227 @entity1 aged 70 and over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Urge and mixed @entity322 combined and associated health and social indicators. RESULTS: The prevalence of stress, urge and mixed @entity322 was 2%, 17% and 6%, respectively, in @entity1 and 23%, 6% and 30%, respectively, in @entity1 . In the logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, urge and mixed @entity322 in @entity1 were associated with living in an institution (OR [odds ratiol 13.55), comorbidity ( @entity66994 ), ADL (activities of daily living) disability (OR 3.55), @entity308 (OR 7.84), while in @entity1 an association was found between urge and mixed @entity322 and @entity717 (OR 2.59) and depressive mood (OR 2.69). All the @entity1 living in an institution were @entity322 . Of the incontinent @entity1 , 46% used diapers, but collecting devices were rare in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results emphasise the significance and multifactorial nature of the urge component in @entity322 , which should be considered in both geriatric and general practice.

title: XXXX in a Finnish population aged 70 and over. Prevalence of types, associated factors and self-reported treatments.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive mood (OR 2.49) and fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'incontinent of urine', 'geriatric incontinence']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ADL disability']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['Urinary incontinence']


abstract: Teat scores from 9,598 first-parity Gelbvieh @entity291 were used to investigate the adequacy of grouping approaches to decrease score misclassifications or inconsistencies as well as to simplify the data collection process. The procedure was tested using simulated data and then validated using teat score records of Gelbvieh @entity291 . First-parity @entity291 were considered to be 4 yr of age or younger at first calving, did not have multiple records within 280 d, and were at least 50% Gelbvieh. Producers scored @entity291 within 24 h of parturition. Teat score, a subjective measure of teat size, ranged from 0 (very large) to 50 (very small). A linear mixed model that included herd-year, month of calving, and age at calving as systematic effects; regression on the percentage of Gelbvieh; and additive breeding values (BV) and residual as random effects was used to generate the data. Simulated data were analyzed using one of three scoring methods: all values (S50), 10 classes (S10), and five classes (S5). The 10 classes were formed by subdividing every five scores into a single class starting at score zero. Similarly, the five classes were formed by combining every 10 scores into one class. The average Pearson correlations, based on five replicates, between the true and estimated BV (systematic effects) were 0.36 (0.85), 0.35 (0.89), and 0.32 (0.87) using S50, S10, and S5, respectively. Average correlations between estimated BV (systematic effects) were 0.97 (0.95), 0.89 (0.92), and 0.92 (0.97) based on S50 and S10, S50 and S5, and S10 and S5, respectively. Field data were used to validate the simulation procedure. The field data were categorized into 10 classes ( @entity42367 ) and five classes (F5) as described for the simulated data. Pearson correlations between estimated BV (systematic effects) were 0.99 (0.93), 0.93 (0.88), and 0.93 (0.96), based on F50 with @entity42367 , F50 with F5, and @entity42367 with F5, respectively. The extremely high correlations between predicted BV based on S50, S10, S5, F50, @entity42367 , with F5 suggest that a simplified score classification method could be adopted without compromising the expected genetic progress for the trait under consideration. Furthermore, the difference in corresponding Pearson correlations across the field and simulated data might suggest the presence of some inconsistencies or misclassifications of the actual scoring system.

title: Simulation study of teat score in first-parity Gelbvieh XXXX : parameter estimation.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: @entity64062 associates specifically with @entity8236 , a protein- @entity669 phosphatase essential for antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction. @entity8236 modulates the activity of Src family protein- @entity669 kinases involved at the onset of antigen receptor-mediated signaling by dephosphorylating their regulatory @entity18481 residues. We have shown that lymphocyte responses to antigen receptor stimulation are impaired in @entity8236 -AP-null @entity19 . To examine the possibility that @entity64062 coordinates the interaction between @entity8236 and its substrates, we investigated the associations of @entity8236 -AP with several protein- @entity669 kinases. Endogenous @entity8236 -AP coimmunoprecipitated with @entity29939 and @entity61768 in both @entity8236 -positive T cells and their @entity8236 -negative variants after stimulation by antigen receptor ligation. Concomitantly, @entity8236 coimmunoprecipitated with @entity29939 and @entity61768 after T cell receptor-mediated stimulation of @entity8236 -positive cells. Recombinant @entity64062 exhibited specific binding to @entity29939 and @entity61768 protein- @entity669 kinases, but not to @entity24698 or @entity45072 , in lysates of both @entity8236 -positive and -negative T cells. Specific interactions were demonstrated between the respective recombinant proteins as well. These results demonstrate that @entity64062 associates directly and selectively with @entity29939 and @entity61768 in response to T cell receptor-mediated stimulation. The associations of @entity8236 -AP with @entity29939 and @entity61768 may mediate the functional interactions of these kinases with @entity8236 during antigen receptor stimulation.

title: Interaction between XXXX and protein- @entity669 kinases involved in T cell receptor signaling.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity64062 :: (19265(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD45-AP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff disease is uncommon in primary @entity571 . Consequently, the prognostic implications of rotator cuff disease in @entity1 undergoing prosthetic replacement for the treatment of primary @entity571 are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to report the effects of the condition of the supraspinatus tendon and the rotator cuff musculature on the results of shoulder arthroplasty in the treatment of @entity571 . METHODS: Five hundred and fifty-five shoulders in 514 @entity1 who had an arthroplasty for the treatment of primary @entity571 as part of a multicenter study were evaluated. Forty-one shoulders had a partial-thickness tear of the supraspinatus, and forty-two had a full-thickness tear. Ninety shoulders had moderate (stage-2) @entity528 , and nineteen had severe (stage-3 or 4) @entity528 . Eighty-four shoulders had moderate @entity528 , and fifteen had severe @entity528 . The influence of the condition of the supraspinatus tendon and the infraspinatus and subscapularis musculature on the postoperative outcome was evaluated with respect to the scores according to the system of Constant and Murley, active mobility, subjective satisfaction, radiographic result, and rate of complications. RESULTS: The shoulders were evaluated at a mean of 43.1 months postoperatively. With the numbers available, supraspinatus tears were not found to influence the postoperative outcome with respect to the total Constant score, active mobility, subjective satisfaction, radiographic result, or rate of complications. Additionally, the treatment of these tears did not markedly influence the outcome parameters. Conversely, both shoulders with moderate @entity528 and those with severe @entity528 of the infraspinatus were associated with poorer results than those with no @entity528 with respect to the total Constant score (p < 0.0005), active external rotation (p < 0.0005), active forward flexion (p = 0.001), and subjective satisfaction (p = 0.031). Similar although less dramatic results were seen with @entity528 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that minimally retracted or nonretracted rotator cuff tears that are limited to the supraspinatus tendon do not appreciably affect most shoulder-specific outcome parameters in shoulder arthroplasty performed for the treatment of @entity571 . Conversely, @entity528 and, less importantly, subscapularis musculature adversely affects many of these parameters.

title: The influence of rotator cuff disease on the results of shoulder arthroplasty for XXXX : results of a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration of the subscapularis', 'fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus', 'fatty degeneration', 'degeneration']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis', 'glenohumeral osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['primary osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite improvements in pre-hospital and post-arrest critical care, @entity1164 ( @entity1167 ) remains one of the leading causes of @entity204 . Improving circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may improve survival rates and long-term clinical outcomes after @entity1167 . METHODS: In a porcine model, we compared standard CPR (sCPR, n   =   10) with CPR using an intravascular cardiac assist device without additional chest compressions (iCPR, n   =   10) following ten minutes of electrically induced @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). In a separate crossover experiment, 10 additional @entity1707 were subjected to 10  minutes of @entity2224 and 6  minutes of sCPR; the iCPR device was then implanted if a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was not achieved using sCPR. Animals were evaluated in respect to intra- and post-arrest hemodynamics, survival, functional outcome, cerebral- and @entity296 following CPR. We hypothesized that iCPR would result in a more frequent ROSC and better functional recovery than sCPR. RESULTS: iCPR produced a mean flow of 1.36        0.02  L/min, leading to significantly higher coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) values during the early period of CPR (22        10 vs. 9        5  mmHg, p    <=   0.01, one min post start of CPR; 20        11 vs. 10        7  mmHg, p   =   0.03, two min post start of CPR), resulting in high ROSC rates (100% in iCPR vs. 50% in sCPR animals; p   =   0.03). iCPR animals showed significantly lower S-100 serum levels at 10 and 30  minutes following ROSC (3.5        0.6 vs. 7.4        3.0  ng/mL 30  minutes post ROSC, p    <=   0.01), as well as superior clinical outcomes based on overall performance categories (OPC) (2.9        1.0 vs. 4.6        0.8 on Day 1, p    <=   0.01). In crossover experiments, 80% of animals required treatment with iCPR after failed sCPR. Notably, ROSC was still achieved in 6 of the remaining 8 animals (75%) after a total of 22.8        5.1  minutes of @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: In a model of prolonged @entity1167 , the use of iCPR instead of sCPR improved CPP and doubled ROSC rates, translating into improved clinical outcomes.

title: Doubling survival and improving clinical outcomes using a left ventricular assist device instead of chest compressions for resuscitation after prolonged XXXX : a large animal study.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Topographical features of cells at nanometre resolution were fabricated in @entity852 . The study investigated the effect of physical topography on the response of @entity5 cells to the common anticancer drugs, @entity1311 and @entity632 . @entity1 @entity1204 cells (Ishikawa) were incubated on substrates containing cell-like features that had been fabricated using our bioimprint methodology to create moulds of cells with positive (convex) and negative (concave) topography. Control cultures were performed on flat substrates. Effects of the drugs on @entity522 expression, proliferating nuclear antigen ( @entity1364 ) expression, cell number and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) secretion were determined. Results revealed that the topography influenced the cell responses in a drug-dependent manner i.e. @entity1311 effects were sensitive to topography differently to those of @entity632 . In addition, function signalling pathways were sensitive to the detailed topography i.e. positive imprint and negative imprint induced distinct response patterns. The results in this study show for the first time that a culture surface with cell-like topography, that has both nano- and micro-resolution, influences @entity1204 cell responses to chemotherapy drugs. The effects are dependent on the topography and also on the chemotherapy drug. In particular, the platforms described have potential to provide substrates with high physical relevancy on which to undertake preclinical testing of new drugs. The method also allows for use of different cell types to provide cell-specific topography. The results imply that physical architecture of the @entity5 cell environment may be a suitable prospective target to enhance clinical activity of traditional drugs. Additionally or alternatively we provide compelling support for the notion that understanding the physical component of the nano- and micro-environment may encourage a redirection of drug development. Further, our observation that the cells distinguish between the different cell-like topographies (positive and negative bioimprints) indicates that a realistic topography is advantageous as growth platforms in experiment design.

title: Cell-like features imprinted in the physical nano- and micro-topography of the environment modify the responses to anti- XXXX drugs of @entity1204 cells.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The dimorphic fungus @entity3218 is the etiologic agent of one of the most common systemic mycoses of @entity1 , @entity3219 . In the environment, @entity3218 grows in a differentiated mold form and shifts to an undifferentiated @entity375 form after mold fragments or spores are inhaled. This mold-to- @entity375 shift is required for disease. Little is known about the molecular biology of dimorphism in Histoplasma, and most studies have been directed toward @entity375 -specific genes. While it is important to examine the role of genes upregulated in the @entity375 morphotype, genes which are silenced in the @entity375 (i.e., mold-specific genes) may also play a critical role in dimorphism. To begin to examine this hypothesis, we report here the first misexpression and knockout analysis of a mold-specific gene in Histoplasma. The strongly expressed MS8 gene encodes a predicted 21-kDa protein extremely rich in @entity2228 and @entity1160 . Forced expression of MS8 driven by the @entity21589 promoter in @entity375 did not alter the @entity375 morphology at 37 degrees C or mold formation at 25 degrees C. @entity375 expressing MS8 did exhibit clumping in liquid medium and formed "sticky" colonies on agar plates. Allelic replacement of MS8 was accomplished by a positive-negative selection procedure. ms8 knockout mutants formed apparently normal @entity375 at 37 degrees C but gave rise to aberrant mycelia at 25 degrees C. The mold colonies of the knockouts were less than half as large as normal, had a granular surface, produced a dark-red pigment, and formed short hyphae which were 40% wider with a distinctive twisted "zig-zag" shape.

title: The mold-specific MS8 gene is required for normal hypha formation in the dimorphic pathogenic fungus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'H. capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

answer: @entity3218 :: (5037,Species) :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']


abstract: We performed the study to investigate whether @entity995 94 (RB94) gene transfer could enhance radiation treatment of @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) in vitro and in vivo. @entity1721 cells ( @entity1 cell line) were cultivated in vitro and @entity5 originated from the cell line were propagated as xenografts in @entity19 . Treatment with Ad-RB94 and/or ionizing radiation (IR) was carried out both in vitro and in vivo with Ad-LacZ control vector and blank control. Cell viability, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis, @entity5 growth and transfected gene expression were evaluated and @entity5 degeneration was analyzed. The data of quantification real-time PCR assays and immunohistochemistry staining using RB antibody indicated that RB94 was efficiently transfected into @entity1 cells. In vitro, data of cell growth assay indicated that treatment with Ad-RB94 improved radiation treatment of @entity1 cells. @entity5 xenograft studies, pathological analysis of H.E. staining and Ki67 staining suggested transfecting RB94 enhanced @entity5 regression induced by radiation treatment in vivo. In addition, data of @entity4404 , TUNEL and cell cycle distribution assays proposed combination treatment effectively induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arresting in G2/M phase. In conclusion, transferring RB94 gene by the adenoviral vector enhances radiation treatment of @entity1721 .

title: @entity995 94 enhances radiation treatment of XXXX in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus-mediated retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate possible associations between smoking habits and other coronary risk factors in postmenopausal @entity1 with known @entity301 ( @entity301 ). SETTING: The study was conducted at a university clinic. SUBJECTS: A total of 118 postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity301 verified with angiography, consecutively recruited. INTERVENTIONS: Conventional treatment for @entity301 . The @entity1 were randomized to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with transdermal 17-beta @entity53 and @entity11796 , or to a control group. RESULTS: Smokers were younger (P = 0.005), had lower body mass index (P = 0.04) and lipoprotein @entity3452 levels (P = 0.02) compared with nonsmokers. Smokers had reduced beta-cell function (homeostasis model assessment, P = 0.006), whereas whole blood viscosity (WBV) was higher at all shear rates. WBV was not affected by HRT over a 12-month period. @entity7042 levels were higher in smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking adversely affects insulin secretion (beta-cell function) and WBV in postmenopausal @entity1 with established @entity301 , which could be of importance as a mechanism for the increased risk of @entity301 in smokers. The importance of smoking as a risk factor, overrides the effect of @entity3452 , which is lower in smokers compared with nonsmokers.

title: Smoking and relation to other risk factors in postmenopausal XXXX with coronary artery disease, with particular reference to whole blood viscosity and beta-cell function.

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity7042 :: ('CHEBI:17263', 'Chemical') :: ['Oestrone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: miRNAs are a class of noncoding RNA molecules that modulate gene expression after transcription. It is known that miRNAs are involved in various cellular processes of both normal and diseased skin. Recently, differential expressions of miRNAs have been reported and associated with several immunologic and @entity32 , which indicate a common role in fundamental biologic processes. OBJECTIVE: To collect and review data from the literature on involvement of miRNA in inflammatory @entity272 . METHODS: A bibliographic search of scientific literature was carried out independently by two researchers in scientific data bases and search engines. The MeSH terms used were the following: "microRNAs" combined with "skin," " @entity1909 ," " @entity110 ," " @entity484 ," " @entity56 ." All research articles from inception until April 2016 were considered. RESULTS: A total of 11 research articles on the study of miRNAs in inflammatory @entity272 ( @entity483 , @entity56 , @entity484 , @entity137 ) were identified. All the studies confirmed the main role of endogenous noncoding RNAs in diseases such as @entity483 , @entity56 contact @entity1909 , @entity484 , and @entity137 . CONCLUSION: The miRNAs seem to influence regulatory mechanisms of @entity32 in both inducing and contrasting @entity32 . They also seem to be useful instruments in identifying and staging diseases such as @entity272 . Also, the potential application of miRNAs in genetic therapies demonstrated its efficacy on animal models.

title: Involvement of microRNAs in XXXX : A literature review.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders', 'inflammation', 'acute and chronic skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity', 'delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis and other inflammatory skin diseases', 'skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin disorders']


abstract: We have developed a new and improved method for detecting @entity7110 ( @entity7110 ) by @entity6300 solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (CSP-EIA). The sensitivity of this method was between 0.62 micrograms/ml and 1.25 micrograms/ml, and values in normal individuals were 1.8 micrograms/ml and less. The positive rate of @entity7110 of sera in which abnormal values were detected by @entity792 associated laboratory examinations was 50.0% in RA (2+), 20.4% in ANA (+), 60.0% in CH50 (less than 10), 41.7% in LE latex (+). In sera of RA (2+), the higher the value of CRP detected by a semi-quantitative analysis was, the higher the frequency having abnormal high @entity7110 values was. The number of @entity7110 positive sera, in which enzyme-linked immunoglobulins were detected, was 18 of 68 (positive rate 26.5%). The number of @entity7110 positive samples in asymptomatic carriers of sera, whose titer of anti-HTLV-I antibody was positive by gelatin particle agglutination assay (PA), was 14 of 67 (pos. rate 18.4%). All of these 14 samples were high positivity of anti-HTLV-I antibody (titer greater than or equal to 256 times). In urine of some @entity1 with @entity6982 , @entity7110 -like substances to show positive reaction by our CSP-EIA were detected. However, any positive reaction was not detected either by an anti- @entity6300 - or an anti-C3d method. Studies are in progress to elucidate detailed characterization of the @entity7110 -like substances.

title: [Detection of immune complex by XXXX solid phase enzyme immunoassay].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6982 :: ('MESH:D052801', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital diseases']

entities_list: @entity7110 :: ('MESH:D007105', 'Disease') :: ['immune complexes', 'IC']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity6300 :: (712,Gene) :: ['C1q']


abstract: Lentiviruses are exogenous, nononcogenic retroviruses that cause persistent @entity281 in monocytes and macrophages. Among the clinical manifestations of such @entity281 in @entity742 and @entity1237 is a slowly progressive @entity625 , primarily involving the carpal joints of adult animals. Initially, clinical disease begins as @entity603 ; this progresses to involve surrounding connective tissues and osseous structures as @entity32 increases and progresses. Inflammatory cells include macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Macrophages and monocytes are the only cells that are infected with virus and in the inflamed joint may represent 50 per cent of the cells in the synovial fluid. However, only a small number of these cells are infected. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes predominate over helper T lymphocytes in the synovial fluid. The role of these cells in the pathogenesis of disease is not currently known. The pathogenesis of disease caused by these lentiviruses is related to the @entity281 of the monocyte-macrophage cells in the animal. This event, along with virus-specific factors, render the host incapable of eliminating the virus. Despite persistence of the virus, viral replication is maintained at a tightly restricted level at all times in the infected animal. This is achieved by factors that regulate the maturation of monocytes. Basically, the @entity281 is latent in monocytes and its precursors and becomes more productive as the cells mature. The maturing infected macrophage presents a portion of the viral proteins that it synthesizes on its cell surface in close association with class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. Lymphocytes react with this cell and produce interferon. This lymphokine induces further expression of Ia antigens. This feedback loop of Ia expression, together with persistence of the virus, maintains macrophages in a constant state of antigen presentation. This forms the trigger for the inflammatory condition that eventually leads to the @entity179 seen in the joint.

title: Lentivirus-induced XXXX . Chronic disease caused by a covert pathogen.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lesions']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity1893 in lung is very rare, and the most common among them is @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ), whose clinical features and laboratory characteristics are poorly defined, making diagnosis difficult. The purpose of this study was to study the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1074 . METHODS: The clinical data of 12 @entity1 treated for @entity1074 between August 1992 and December 2005 were analyzed. RESULTS: No specific symptoms or signs, or results of bronchoscopy, ultrasonagraphy or bone marrow examination could be found in the 12 @entity1 . Only radiography was useful in diagnosis, though the final diagnosis of all the @entity1 was based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Two @entity1 also had @entity6595 . Operations were performed on 6 @entity1 , including 5 radical operations and 1 partial resection: 4 @entity1 also received adjuvant chemotherapy. One @entity1 experienced recurrence 152 months after the operation, while the other 5 @entity1 have survived disease-free. Four @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy alone, two of whom experienced complete remission and the others partial remission. The final 2 @entity1 received no treatment and had survived for 7 and 27 months respectively. All the @entity1 were still alive at the most recent follow-up, 7 to 160 months (mean 71.3 months). CONCLUSIONS: Except radiography, no specific clinical manifestations could be identified for @entity1074 . The final diagnosis should be based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Several treatment methods can be used to achieve good outcomes.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALToma', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma', 'pulmonary MALToma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric MALToma']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case reports of @entity1 developing @entity5 @entity3 at port sites following laparoscopic surgery have prompted the development of preventive strategies to address this potential problem, including local excision of the port sites. While it has been suggested that this strategy could be used clinically, its efficacy has not been established. METHODS: Twenty four immune-competent Dark Agouti @entity35 underwent laparoscopy and standardized intraperitoneal laceration of an @entity5 , using an established laparoscopic @entity5 model. @entity35 were randomized to either control (n = 12) or wound excision (n = 12) groups. Both groups underwent laparoscopy using @entity544 ( @entity515 ) insufflation and two mini-laparoscopy ports. In the wound excision group, one of the port site wounds was excised following desufflation of the abdominal cavity. One week later, the port site wounds were excised for histological examination. RESULTS: Wound involvement with @entity5 was significantly more common following wound excision than with untreated control wounds (nine of 12 vs two of 12, p = 0.002). In the wound excision group, @entity5 @entity3 arose preferentially in the excised port site wound. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that excision of laparoscopy port site wounds following laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 does not prevent the subsequent development of port site @entity5 . Furthermore, the excision of port sites may actually increase the risk of @entity5 @entity3 arising in port sites, suggesting that the clinical application of this strategy should be avoided pending further evaluation.

title: Excision of laparoscopic port sites increases the likelihood of wound XXXX in an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'implanted abdominal flank tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity470 ( @entity470 ) is expressed in the majority of @entity1 @entity5 and has been implicated in the development of @entity5 cell resistance to cyotoxic drugs and to ionizing radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used @entity4562 , a selective small molecule @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitor currently in clinical development. We tested the antiproliferative and the proapoptotic activity of @entity4562 in combination with ionizing radiation in @entity1 colon (GEO), ovarian ( @entity1 ), non-small cell lung (A549 and @entity1 ), and breast (MCF-7 ADR) @entity5 cell lines. The antitumor activity of this combination was also tested in @entity19 bearing established GEO @entity694 xenografts. RESULTS: With ionizing radiation or @entity4562 , a dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed in all of the @entity5 cell lines growing in soft agar. A cooperative antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect was obtained when @entity5 cells were treated with ionizing radiation followed by @entity4562 . This effect was accompanied by inhibition in the expression of the antiapoptotic proteins @entity1836 and @entity588 , and by a suppression of the activated (phosphorylated) form of akt protein. Treatment of @entity19 bearing established @entity1 GEO @entity694 xenografts with radiotherapy (RT) resulted in a dose-dependent @entity5 growth inhibition that was reversible upon treatment cessation. Long term GEO @entity5 growth regressions were obtained after RT in combination with @entity4562 . This resulted in a significant improvement in survival of these @entity19 as compared with the control group (P < 0.001), the RT-treated group (P < 0.001), or the @entity4562 -treated group (P < 0.001). The only @entity19 alive 10 weeks after @entity5 cell injection were in the RT-plus- @entity4562 group. Furthermore, 10% of @entity19 in this group were alive and @entity5 -free after 26 weeks. Similar results were obtained in @entity19 bearing established @entity1 @entity2220 xenografts. Finally, the combined treatment with RT plus @entity4562 was accompanied by a significant potentiation in the inhibition of @entity310 , vascular epidermal growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in @entity5 cells, which resulted in significant antiangiogenic effects as determined by immunohistochemical count of neovessels within the GEO @entity5 . CONCLUSION: This study provides a rationale for evaluating in @entity5 @entity1 the combination of ionizing radiation and selective @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors such as @entity4562 .

title: Enhancement of antitumor activity of ionizing radiation by combined treatment with the selective @entity470 - @entity669 kinase inhibitor XXXX (Iressa).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Calu-6', 'OVCAR-3']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['A549 lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['ZD1839']


abstract: We report here two cases of @entity2894 or pseudoapoplexy revealing a @entity652 . A 69-year-old @entity1 , who had just started antiandrogen treatment ( @entity4396 agonist) for @entity263 , was admitted to neurosurgery emergency because of increasing @entity10 and @entity227 . The CT-scan disclosed the presence of a large @entity4611 with lateral invasion of the left cavernous sinus. Hormonel testing showed @entity7961 . A few days later, @entity2010 appeared. The @entity1 first received corticosteroid therapy and underwent surgical adenomectomy. Immunostaining of the @entity5 tissue was positive for @entity6752 , confirming the diagnosis of @entity652 . Three months after surgery, the endocrine evaluation showed @entity4614 . An 81-year-old @entity1 complained of @entity74 . The CT-scan revealed a @entity4611 without extension. The Ophthalmological examination showed left temporal upper quadranopsia. Endocrinological tests with administration of GN-HR triggered @entity10 and @entity391 . A second CT-scan was unchanged. Hormone testing revealed increased serum levels of FSH and decreased serum levels of LH. Surgical management of the @entity5 was undertaken due to the visual field alteration. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of gonadotroph @entity6752 @entity652 .

title: [Two cases of non-functional XXXX @entity2894 following GnRH-agonist treatment revealing @entity652 and pseudopituitary apoplexy after GnRH administration].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary mass']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['mnemonic disorders']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotroph adenoma', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['gonadotroph adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nature and frequency of nonmotor symptoms in primary adult-onset @entity6389 ( @entity6389 ) and @entity9663 ( @entity9663 ) @entity1 in Chinese populations remain unknown. METHODS: @entity308 ( @entity308 ), Hamilton's @entity148 Scale (HAMA), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to evaluate @entity3326 in 120 @entity1 with primary focal @entity3520 (60 with @entity9663 and 60 with @entity6389 ) and 60 age-, sex-, and education level- matched healthy controls (HCs). Motor symptoms of @entity9663 and @entity6389 @entity1 were evaluated by Jankovic rating scale and Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale-severity scale separately. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 had @entity308 , and 29 @entity1 had @entity148 . The mean @entity308 and HAMA scores were significantly higher in @entity1 groups. Thirty-six @entity1 had @entity73 based on the cut-off score of 75. The total score and scores of each domain of ACE-R were significantly lower in @entity1 groups than that in HCs. @entity25 was impaired in @entity1 groups, and @entity1 with @entity6389 had worse quality of sleep than @entity1 with @entity9663 . Thirty-three @entity9663 @entity1 and 43 @entity6389 @entity1 suffered from @entity25 separately. The frequency of excessive @entity25 did not differ between @entity1 and HCs. No significant correlation was found between @entity3326 and motor severity in the two forms of @entity3519 . CONCLUSIONS: Current study suggests that @entity3326 are prevalent in Chinese @entity6389 and @entity9663 @entity1 , and the motor severity of @entity3519 did not contribute to the severity of nonmotor symptoms. Assessment of nonmotor symptoms should be considered in clinical management of focal @entity3519 .

title: Nonmotor symptoms in primary adult-onset XXXX and @entity9663 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ["Hamilton's Depression Scale", 'depression', 'HAMD']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['adult-onset dystonia']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm', 'BSP']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'sleep disorder', 'Quality of sleep']

answer: @entity6389 :: (MESH:D014103,Disease) :: ['cervical dystonia']


abstract: The theory that ties normal functioning and pathology of the brain and visual system with the spatial-temporal structure of the visual and other sensory stimuli is described for the first time in the present study. The deficit of fractal complexity of environmental influences can lead to the distortion of fractal complexity in the visual pathways of the brain and abnormalities of development or aging. The use of fractal light stimuli and fractal stimuli of other modalities can help to restore the functions of the brain, particularly in the elderly and in @entity1 with @entity179 or @entity4457 . Non-linear dynamics of these physiological processes have a strong base of evidence, which is seen in the impaired fractal regulation of rhythmic activity in aged and diseased brains. From birth to old age, we live in a non-linear world, in which objects and processes with the properties of fractality and non-linearity surround us. Against this background, the evolution of @entity1 took place and all periods of life unfolded. Works of art created by @entity1 may also have fractal properties. The positive influence of music on cognitive functions is well-known. Insufficiency of sensory experience is believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of @entity4457 and age-dependent diseases. The brain is very plastic in its early development, and the plasticity decreases throughout life. However, several studies showed the possibility to reactivate the adult's neuroplasticity in a variety of ways. We propose that a non-linear structure of sensory information on many spatial and temporal scales is crucial to the brain health and fractal regulation of physiological rhythms. Theoretical substantiation of the author's theory is presented. Possible applications and the future research that can experimentally confirm or refute the theoretical concept are considered.

title: Fractality of sensations and the brain health: the theory linking XXXX with distortion of spatial and temporal scale-invariance and fractal complexity of the visible world.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many studies have showed that routine upper gastrointestinal contrast agent examinations (RCE) for testing the patency of the @entity254 after esophagectomy or the stapler line after sleeve gastrectomy cannot be recommended due to low sensitivity. However, the clinical value of RCE after gastrectomy for @entity356 remains unclear. We have retrospectively analyzed the clinical course of 377 consecutive @entity1 who underwent gastrectomy for @entity356 in our institution between 2005 and 2015. To date, we have performed a RCE on the fifth postoperative day before removal of the nasogastric tube and return to oral intake. In total, we have observed 14 @entity834 ( @entity834 ) (4%) after oncologic gastrectomy. Four @entity834 (28.6%) occurred before the scheduled RCE on the fifth postoperative day (POD) and 7 (50%) late @entity834 after POD 5. Three @entity1 (21.4%) without any clinical symptoms were diagnosed by the RCE. Sensitivity of RCE was 50%. A significant percentage of @entity1 with @entity834 was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen (50%). The standard therapy for @entity834 after gastrectomy was endoscopic stent placement (n   =   11), including three cases of stenting after surgical revision. Based on our data, we cannot recommend a RCE after gastrectomy for @entity356 . The majority of @entity834 occurs before or after a RCE and the sensitivity of the examination is low. In case of clinical suspicion of @entity834 , a CT scan (with oral contrast agent) should be performed. In unclear cases, endoscopy is the preferable method providing the option of direct treatment.

title: Routine Radiologic Contrast Agent Examination After Gastrectomy for XXXX Is Not Useful.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the risk of systemic embolization in @entity1 with left-sided @entity884 , once adequate antibiotic treatment had been initiated, on the basis of prospective clinical follow-up. BACKGROUND: As one of the complications of @entity884 has a great impact on prognosis. Prediction of an individual @entity1 's risk of embolization is very difficult. METHODS: We studied 217 episodes of @entity10584 that were experienced among a cohort of 211 prospectively recruited @entity1 . According to the Duke criteria, 91% of the episodes were @entity884 . Seventy-two episodes involved @entity281 located on prosthetic valves. All @entity1 were studied by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Clinical, echocardiographic and microbiologic data were entered in a data base. The mean follow-up interval was 151 days. RESULTS: Twenty-eight episodes (12.9%; group I) of @entity884 had @entity887 after the initiation of antibiotic therapy. The remaining 189 episodes did not embolize (group II). Most emboli (52%) affected the central nervous system, and 65% of the @entity887 occurred during the first two weeks after initiation of antibiotic therapy. Previous @entity887 was associated with new @entity887 (relative risk [RR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 2.93; p = 0.05). There was an increase in the risk of embolization with increasing vegetation size (RR 3.77, 95% CI 0.97 to 12.57; p = 0.07). @entity47 size had no impact on the risk of embolization in @entity883 or @entity281 . By contrast, large (> or = 10 mm) vegetations had a higher incidence of @entity887 when the microorganism was staphylococcus (p = 0.04) and the mitral valve was infected (p = 0.03). The increase in vegetation size at follow-up showed a higher risk for embolization ( @entity16071 .64, 95% CI 0.98 to 7.16; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Embolism before antimicrobial therapy is a risk factor for new emboli. The risk of embolization seems to increase with increasing vegetation size, and this is particularly significant in mitral @entity884 and @entity884 . An increase in vegetation size, despite antimicrobial treatment, may predict later @entity887 .

title: Risk of embolization after institution of antibiotic therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['aortic infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['Vegetation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis', 'definite infective endocarditis', 'staphylococcal endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis, embolization']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Importance: Approximately 8% to 10% of the population will experience a @entity410 during their lifetime. Only about 2% to 3% of @entity1 go on to develop @entity302 . Understanding the underlying etiology leading to an accurate diagnosis is necessary to ensure appropriate treatment and that @entity1 with low risk for recurrence are not treated unnecessarily. Observations: @entity1 can present with new-onset @entity410 for a variety of reasons such as acute symptomatic @entity410 due to @entity131 or metabolic derangements, or unprovoked @entity410 that are the initial manifestation of @entity302 . A @entity1 history and physical examination may identify features more consistent with an @entity302 event and laboratory studies and brain imaging can identify an acute insult contributing to the presentation. @entity1 diagnosed with first-time unprovoked @entity410 require electroencephalography and @entity302 protocol-specific magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, which includes thin-cut coronal slices to determine risk of recurrence and the need for long-term treatment. In @entity1 who meet the criteria for diagnosis of @entity302 , a carefully selected antiepileptic medication with consideration of comorbidities, adverse effect profile, and type of @entity302 is essential along with appropriate counseling. Conclusions and Relevance: Approximately 3% of the population will develop @entity302 but 2 to 3 times as many @entity1 will experience a single @entity410 or @entity410 -like event. A diagnosis of @entity302 has significant medical, social, and emotional consequences. A careful @entity1 history and physical examination, electroencephalography, and brain imaging are necessary to separate @entity1 with acute symptomatic @entity410 , single unprovoked @entity410 , and nonepileptic events from those with new-onset @entity302 .

title: New-Onset XXXX in Adults and Adolescents: A Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute brain injury']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) are the best tool to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical interventions. The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement is an evidence-based approach to improve the quality of @entity23 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the reporting quality of published @entity23 concerning myeloid @entity1583 according to the CONSORT statement. METHODS: PubMed was searched for English-language @entity23 involving @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) and @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Trials were considered eligible when @entity1 were randomly assigned to at least two treatment arms and included @entity1 with @entity3052 , @entity1860 or @entity2590 . Quality of reporting was assessed using a 24-item questionnaire based on the CONSORT checklist. Reporting was assessed in one pre-CONSORT (1988-1995) and one post-CONSORT (1996-2008) period. The effect of CONSORT statement in high- and low-ranked journals, according to their impact factor, has also been evaluated. RESULTS: The search identified 261 eligible articles for analysis. Only 13 of the 24 items of CONSORT statement were addressed in 75% or more of the studies. Most items concerning the methodological issues were reported by fewer than 50% of the studies. Significant improvements over time were seen for items that assessed the methodological quality, while @entity23 published in high-ranked journals showed better quality of reporting. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of reporting in @entity23 focusing on @entity5 remains unsatisfactory. Further improvement of reporting is necessary to assess the validity of clinical research.

title: Analysis of the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials in @entity3052 , and XXXX as governed by the CONSORT statement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an endoscopic option for anterior approaches to the thoracolumbar spine for @entity1635 treatment. Fifty @entity1 with 24 to 45 months of follow-up data were retrospectively studied. Techniques for endoscopic treatment of @entity74 have been under development since 1993. The benefits of thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of @entity85 have been documented as improved observation of the spine, enhanced access to the extremes of the curve, decreased operative times and blood losses, shorter hospital stays and recuperative periods, and decreased overall costs. After more than 150 endoscopic procedures for the treatment of these @entity85 had been performed, the next step was to develop a thoracoscopic technique for instrumentation, correction, and fusion for the treatment of primary @entity1514 . Our goal has been to develop a safe, reproducible, and effective endoscopic technique for the treatment of @entity1635 that can provide equal or better outcomes, compared with formal open surgical techniques. METHODS: Between October 1996 and October 1998, 50 @entity1 with a diagnosis of primary @entity1514 were selected to undergo thoracoscopic instrumentation, correction, and fusion. Postoperatively, @entity1 were assessed with respect to restoration of spinal alignment, axial derotation, @entity158 management, and incidence of complications. RESULTS: Endoscopic instrumentation was successfully performed for all @entity1 . Curve correction averaged 50.2%, improving to 68.6% in the last 10 cases. @entity1 with hypokyphosis averaged 20.7 degrees of correction. The preoperative @entity717 (as measured with a scoliometer) averaged 16 degrees, which was corrected to 5 degrees. @entity282 was less, and @entity1 could discontinue the use of all @entity158 medications by 1 to 3 weeks, compared with @entity1 who underwent formal open procedures, who required @entity158 medication for 6 to 12 weeks. The hospital stays averaged 2.9 days. Our initial complication rate was high, which could be attributed to the development of a new technique. Keys to successful fusions include total discectomy, complete endplate removal, and the use of autogenous bone graft. CONCLUSION: Although these techniques are still in early development, the initial results for our thoracoscopic techniques are promising. With experience, surgical times are decreasing and fusion and curve correction rates are improving. With further evolution, @entity1 should realize shortened hospitalizations, decreased rehabilitation times, and decreased levels of @entity282 . This is a technically demanding procedure that requires demonstrated skills in endoscopic discectomy and fusion.

title: Thoracoscopic techniques for the treatment of XXXX : early results in procedure development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: The present 2-year study investigated the feasibility of using porcine zona pellucidae (pZP) as antigen for immunocontraception in @entity25785 . Sows, 3-6 years of age, were administered either two doses of 250 microg pZP with Freund's adjuvant (n = 10) or adjuvant alone (n = 5), one in April and one in May, and were kept away from the boars until June. Serum samples were collected before injections and before denning (November). The presence of sows with cubs at side was observed during premature emergence from denning. First-year results indicated that anti-pZP antibody titres in vaccinated sows were 2.5-9.0-fold (range) higher compared with non-vaccinated sows and that the vaccinated sows were threefold less likely to become pregnant (P = 0.167). Control and vaccinated bears produced 1.6 and 0.2 cubs per sow, respectively (P = 0.06). The second-year study investigated the feasibility of using pZP sequestered in a controlled-release pellet and a water-soluble adjuvant ( @entity17080 ) to avoid regulatory problems associated with Freund's adjuvant. Sows in the treatment group (n = 22) were administered a single dose of an emulsion of 250 microg pZP and 150 microg @entity17080 plus a pellet containing 70-90 microg pZP for delayed release as booster dose. Control sows (n = 5) received the @entity17080 adjuvant in pellet alone. Serum samples were collected before inoculations (April) and before denning (November). Seven cubs were born to the five control sows, but none was born to the 22 vaccinated sows (P < 0.001). Anti-pZP antibody mean absorbance ratios in control sows remained at background levels, whereas vaccinated sows had ratios fourfold higher than controls. Two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and immunohistochemical localisation confirmed immunoreactivity of sera from inoculated bears. We conclude that cub production in the @entity25785 can be effectively limited with either two injections of 250 microg pZP or a single inoculation of partially purified pZP sequestered in controlled-release pellets.

title: Inoculation of female @entity25785 ( XXXX ) with partially purified porcine zona pellucidae limits cub production.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity25785 :: ('9643', 'Species') :: ['American black bears', 'American black bear']

answer: @entity25785 :: (9643,Species) :: ['Ursus americanus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effects of topical @entity9004 and @entity6839 on the visual field in Japanese @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) @entity1 . METHODS: This study was a multicenter, 2-year, prospective, randomized and double-masked study. Tests using the Humphrey 30-2 perimeter program were conducted every 6 months and the data of 95 @entity1 were analyzed using regression analysis. Estimated regression coefficients for @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ), corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), and @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) values clustered into 15 sectors were obtained for each treatment group. RESULTS: Estimated slopes (dB/year) for @entity5494 and CPSD showed no significant difference from zero in either group. However, in the @entity9004 group, estimated slopes (dB/year) for two adjacent sectors in the inferior arcuate area were significantly positive (P =.0135,.0116) while in the @entity6839 group, no significant difference from zero was seen in any of the sectors. IOP changes from baseline in the @entity6839 group were greater than in the @entity9004 group, although no statistical significance was seen at any of the examination times. CONCLUSION: @entity5494 and CPSD showed no significant change in either group. In the @entity9004 group, however, a significant trend in improvement of visual field performance was seen in the inferior arcuate subfield. @entity6839 reduced IOP more effectively than @entity9004 in @entity1538 @entity1 .

title: Influence of topical @entity9004 and @entity6839 on visual field in Japanese XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'TD', 'total deviation', 'mean deviation']

entities_list: @entity6839 :: ('MESH:D013999', 'Chemical') :: ['timolol', 'Timolol']

entities_list: @entity9004 :: ('MESH:D015784', 'Chemical') :: ['betaxolol']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Induction of tight junction permeability in the mammary epithelium decreases @entity6155 secretion, and in @entity291 tight junctions become leaky after 17 h of @entity6155 accumulation. In vitro studies demonstrate the importance of glucocorticoids for the formation and maintenance of tight junctions. In this study we examined whether @entity701 can prevent mammary tight junction permeability in the lactating gland in vivo, and inhibit the associated @entity6155 loss, using our @entity6155 -accumulation model to challenge tight junction patency. Following a 4-day control period Jersey @entity291 were subjected to a 24-h period in which they were milked twice at 0700 and 1500 h (TM;n=6), once at 0700 h (OM;n=7), or once and treated with ACTH (40 IU @entity63232 h, starting after 14 h of @entity6155 accumulation) to increase endogenous @entity701 levels (OM+ACTH;n=7). Frequent blood samples for @entity701 , @entity1132 and @entity413 analyses were taken via indwelling jugular catheters. ACTH treatment resulted in a sustained elevation of systemic @entity701 concentrations. Plasma @entity1132 , an indicator of tight junction @entity5082 , was not changed in TM @entity291 , but began to increase rapidly at 17 h of @entity6155 accumulation in OM @entity291 . Treatment with ACTH prevented the increase in plasma @entity1132 , although levels were slightly, but not significantly, higher than in TM @entity291 , indicating that elevated plasma @entity701 reduced mammary tight junction @entity5082 . @entity6155 yield was reduced by 12% in both once-milked groups, despite @entity701 preventing tight junction @entity5082 . However, the @entity6155 loss in the latter group may not be related to leaky tight junctions, but be due to a reduction in @entity6155 precursor uptake by the mammary gland. Consistent with this notion was a 34% increase in plasma @entity413 levels in OM+ACTH @entity291 only.

title: Elevated plasma @entity701 reduces permeability of mammary tight junctions in the lactating XXXX mammary epithelium.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity5082 :: ('MESH:C535298', 'Disease') :: ['leakiness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity61 -biased immune system can promote penetrating keratoplasty survival in @entity19 . A series of experiments were performed to determine whether this system could prolong corneal limbal transplant (LT) survival. METHODS: BALB/c ( @entity8022 ) @entity19 were immunized with 50 microg of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in incomplete Freud's adjuvant. Four weeks later, the corneal epithelium, including the limbal area, was removed, and the @entity19 received LT from B10.D2 ( @entity8022 ), C57BL/10 (H-2b), or enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) transgenic (H-2b) donor @entity19 . Immediately thereafter, recipient @entity19 were immunized with 50 micro g of KLH or Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS; control) in complete Freund's adjuvant. The allograft fates were assessed clinically. Lymphocytes of recipients were examined for donor-specific proliferation and for donor-specific cytokine production in vitro. RESULT: The regenerated epithelia of all C57BL/10 (n=14) and B10.D2 (n=18) grafts were rejected swiftly in control @entity19 , whereas 66.6% of C57BL/10 grafts (8/12, P<0.001) and 62.8% of B10.D2 grafts (22/35, P<0.001) in the KLH immune group remained significantly clear for 8 weeks. Moreover, EGFP donor epithelial cells were detected from the healthy corneas of KLH-immunized @entity19 . As for the in vitro assay, at 1 week after B10.D2 grafting, lymphocytes from KLH-immunized groups showed neither proliferation nor increased cytokine secretion. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity61 -biased immune system can support LT prolongation irrespective of donor disparity and can suppress @entity7499 . This prolongation is not due to induction of donor-specific regulatory cells, but is presumably at least associated with the suppression of allosensitization.

title: XXXX -biased immune system promotion of allogeneic corneal epithelial cell survival after orthotopic limbal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularization']

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity1 with @entity7993 manifesting as @entity5697 spanning 6 or more spinal segments. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 7 cases from a single institution. RESULTS: Four males and 5 African-American were included. The mean onset age for neurological symptoms was 49.1years old. Only 1 @entity1 had a prior diagnosis of @entity370 . In all @entity1 , spinal MRI showed contiguous cervical and/or @entity602 predominantly in a central or centrodorsal location, associated with parenchymal or leptomeningeal @entity2287 enhancement. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis was present in all and hypoglycorrhachia in 3 @entity1 . @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) level was elevated in the serum of 1 @entity1 while being normal in the CSF of all 4 cases tested. Chest imaging facilitated the diagnosis of @entity370 in all cases. The use of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents including infliximab and @entity1499 led to improved outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7993 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of longitudinal ultra-extensive @entity4685 , even in the absence of previously diagnosed @entity370 . Timely usage of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents improves the clinical outcome of @entity1 with ultra-extensive @entity602 .

title: Longitudinal ultra-extensive transverse XXXX as a manifestation of @entity7993 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal transverse myelitis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin-converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord sarcoidosis', 'thoracic cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity7993 :: ('MESH:C535814', 'Disease') :: ['Neurosarcoidosis', 'neurosarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity4685 :: (MESH:D009187,Disease) :: ['myelitis']


abstract: We have isolated 56 UV-sensitive mutant clones from a @entity19 @entity63724 /t line of L5178Y cells by a cell suspension spotting method. Five mutants have also been isolated from @entity63724 /t and L5178Y cells by the method reported by Thompson and coworkers (22). We divided the mutants into two groups, "highly sensitive" and "moderately sensitive" mutants, according to their sensitivity to UV irradiation. Fifty-eight mutants were highly sensitive and three were moderately sensitive to UV. The reconstruction experiments indicate that more than 90% of highly sensitive mutants were recovered by the cell suspension spotting method. Frequencies of recovered mutants highly sensitive to UV increased with increasing dose of mutagens. Recovered mutant frequency reached 10(-2) after treatment with 1.5 micrograms/ml of @entity2482 ( @entity2482 ) (survival 0.2%). Eight UV-sensitive mutants were divided into four complementation groups. These mutants were 2-6 times more sensitive to UV than parental @entity63724 /t cells in terms of D37 (dose required to reduce survival to 37%). Four representative UV-sensitive mutants which are classified into different complementation groups were examined for their sensitivity to killing by UV, @entity1978 (4NQO), @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), X-rays, and @entity2482 . All four classes of mutants were found to be cross-sensitive to UV, 4NQO, and @entity1139 , but not sensitive to X-rays and @entity2482 .

title: Isolation of UV-sensitive mutants of XXXX L5178Y cells by a cell suspension spotting method.

entities_list: @entity63724 :: ('p|SUB|L|51|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L51 T']

entities_list: @entity2482 :: ('MESH:D008769', 'Chemical') :: ['MNNG', "N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine"]

entities_list: @entity1978 :: ('MESH:D015112', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity1 with chronic and/or refractory @entity792 present challenges in both diagnosis and management. Increasing availability of diagnostic testing has revealed an underlying @entity1200 in @entity1 previously diagnosed with @entity5934 . However, the data are sparse and the majority of @entity1 are adults. PROCEDURE: We performed a retrospective chart review to document the natural history of 23 pediatric @entity1 with @entity792 followed at three tertiary care pediatric hematology clinics. RESULTS: Investigations revealed seven @entity1 (30.4%) with an @entity8782 and six @entity1 (26.1%) with other primary @entity465 . Only one (4.3%) @entity1 was suspected to have @entity1252 and six @entity1 (26.1%) had other types of @entity792 . Treatment consisted of immunosuppressive therapy, intravenous gammaglobulin, and splenectomy. Supportive care included @entity1261 , and blood product transfusions. Two @entity1 (8.7%) died. Complete remission was achieved in 3 @entity1 (13.0%); of the remaining, 14 @entity1 (60.9%) had chronic @entity3039 , 10 @entity1 (43.5%) chronic @entity1398 , and 4 @entity1 (17.4%) chronic @entity5506 with a median follow up of 5 years (2 months-12 years). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that pediatric @entity1 presenting with @entity792 should undergo investigation for underlying @entity1200 , including @entity8782 , other primary @entity465 and @entity792 . The development of an international registry for such @entity1 is imperative to improve the understanding of their complex natural history. Pediatr @entity5    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Combined XXXX presenting in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity8782 :: ('MESH:D056735', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome', 'autoimmune lymphoproliferative-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Blood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction', 'immune dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['immune thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune multi-lineage cytopenias', 'autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune cytopenias']


abstract: Tumor markers were used for disease monitoring in @entity151 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to improve diagnostic efficiency in the detection of @entity5 progression in @entity151 @entity1 by using fuzzy logic modeling in combination with a @entity5 marker panel ( @entity3508 , @entity6501 , @entity17341 , @entity478 ). Thirty-three consecutive @entity151 @entity1 were included in a prospective study. The changes in blood levels of @entity5 markers and their analysis by fuzzy logic modeling were compared with the clinical evaluation of response versus non-response to therapy. Clinical monitoring was performed according to the standard criteria of the WHO. @entity17341 was measured in plasma with an ELISA, all other markers were measured in sera. At 90% specificity, clinically detected @entity5 progression was found by the best single marker, @entity3508 , in 32% of all cases. A fuzzy logic rule-based system employing a @entity5 marker panel increased the sensitivity significantly (P>0.0001) in @entity4153 to 67% with the threemarker combination @entity3508 / @entity6501 / @entity17341 and to 56% with the best two-marker combination @entity6501 / @entity17341 , respectively. An improvement of sensitivity was also observed using the two-marker combination of @entity6501 / @entity3508 (sensitivity 49%) or @entity3508 / @entity17341 (sensitivity 52%). The fuzzy classifier was able to detect a higher rate of progression in @entity151 @entity1 compared with the multiple logistic regression analysis using the marker combination @entity3508 / @entity6501 / @entity17341 (sensitivity 44%; AUC=0.76). With the fuzzy logic method and different @entity5 marker panels ( @entity3508 , @entity6501 and @entity17341 ), a new diagnostic tool for the detection of progression in @entity1 with @entity151 is available.

title: Fuzzy logic-based @entity5 marker profiles improved sensitivity of the detection of progression in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Having a family history of @entity0 , particularly if it involves early-onset disease, is a risk factor for @entity0 , but little is known about specific causes of this association. Consequently, we studied mothers, sisters, and aunts of an age-stratified sample of 1567 unselected case @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 before age 60 years, recruited to a population-based, case-control-family study, in which case @entity1 , control subjects, and their relatives were administered the same questionnaire. METHODS: Extensive @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation testing was carried out for 788 case @entity1 diagnosed before age 40 years, including manual sequencing of DNA from 72 @entity1 with two or more affected relatives. Standardized morbidity ratios, age-specific cumulative risks, and hazard ratios were calculated for groupings of relatives. RESULTS: Cumulative risks of @entity0 to age 50 years in the sisters, mothers, and aunts of the case @entity1 , respectively, were 6, 3, and 2 times the population risk if the case @entity1 was younger than age 40 years at diagnosis but were considerably lower if the case @entity1 was older at diagnosis. When relatives of the case @entity1 with a @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutation were excluded, these risks fell by, at most, 20%. Sisters and aunts, but not mothers, who had an additional first-degree relative with @entity0 were at increased risk, and the risk was greater when that relative was younger at diagnosis. Hazard ratios were 10.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.2 to 26.8) for sisters and 4.2 (95% CI = 2.2 to 8.1) for aunts, if the relative was aged 40 years at diagnosis. Fewer than one-third of the excess of @entity0 in relatives of case @entity1 diagnosed before age 40 years that are attributed to familial factors are @entity5345 - or @entity2674 -related. CONCLUSION: Mutations in genes other than @entity5345 and @entity2674 may be associated with a high risk of @entity0 , especially in young @entity1 .

title: Familial risks, early-onset @entity0 , and XXXX and @entity2674 germline mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: With the use of a commonly utilized animal model of @entity309 , the central goal of this work was to determine how well the small-animal imaging tools, small-animal MRI (microMRI) and small-animal X-ray computed tomography (microCT), can detect very early histological changes that occur immediately after induction of the disease. @entity625 was induced in @entity35 by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant into the tail. Right hind paws of living @entity35 were evaluated with 4.7 T microMRI with T1-weighted spin echo and inversion recovery sequences. Paw specimens were also evaluated with microCT and by histological examination (n = 29). MicroMR images were scored for the presence of @entity1143 , soft tissue swelling, bone marrow changes, and @entity79 . MicroCT measured @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Histology scores were obtained from representative slides from the same @entity35 . The correlation between @entity79 , MRI and histology was analyzed using linear regression analysis and analysis of covariance. MRI abnormalities were detected on day 5 after induction as @entity1143 and soft tissue swelling, followed by bone marrow changes on day 6 and @entity79 on day 8. @entity79 measured by microCT decreased, the decrease becoming significant on day 7 (P < 0.019). Soft tissue swelling, @entity1143 , and @entity79 scores on microMRI correlated with histology (r2 approximately 0.7). Bone marrow changes were seen more clearly with microMRI than by histological examination. @entity604 could be detected earlier by microCT than on histological sections. In conclusion, microMRI and microCT can be used to evaluate early disease changes within 1 week of induction in the adjuvant-induced @entity625 model, and have the ability to detect certain manifestations of disease earlier than histological analysis. The use of small-animal imaging techniques potentially allows earlier diagnosis, improved subject stratification, earlier drug implementation, and therefore improved drug trials in animal models of @entity309 .

title: Early findings of small-animal MRI and small-animal computed tomography correlate with histological changes in a XXXX model of @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['joint effusion']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'bone erosion', 'bone erosions']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity14 remains often refractory to classic therapies. In consequence, the search for new anti- @entity5 agents with minimal @entity137 is of particular interest in @entity694 treatment. @entity38832 as a secondary metabolite of @entity5134 induces apoptosis in various kinds of @entity5 cells with low @entity137 on normal cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of prodigiosin on proliferation and expression of apoptotic-related genes in HT-29 cells. Malignant cells were treated to various concentrations of prodigiosin and proliferation rate, survivin, @entity588 , Bax and Bad mRNA levels, caspase 3 activation and apoptosis were evaluated by different cellular and molecular techniques. Treatment of cells with increasing concentration of prodigiosin decreased significantly cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Following 48-h treatment, growth rate was measured to be 77      6.8, 41.3      3.1 and 46      6.3  % for 100, 400 and 600  nM prodigiosin, respectively, compared to untreated cells. This molecule induced 61.7, 90 and 89  % decrease in survivin mRNA level as well as 1.9-, 2.8- and 2.2-fold increase in caspase 3 activation for indicated concentrations of prodigiosin, respectively. The level of @entity588 mRNA was inversely proportional to Bax and Bad mRNA levels. Low mRNA levels of @entity588 combined with high levels of Bax and Bad mRNAs were correlated to higher apoptosis rate in treated cells. Our data suggest that prodigiosin-induced apoptosis may ascribe to @entity588 and survivin inhibition in HT-29 cells and these genes may provide promising molecular targets of @entity38832 . Collectively, prodigiosin may have a great potential for @entity14 -directed therapy.

title: Prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of @entity5134 alters expression of apoptosis-related genes and increases apoptosis in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity38832 :: ('MESH:D011353', 'Chemical') :: ['Prodigiosin', 'prodigiosin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) associated with @entity1344 has exceedingly high mortality. We describe our experience using percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) in @entity1 with massive @entity1151 and right @entity409 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 (11 males and five females; mean age, 55.7  8.3 years) with massive @entity1151 were treated with PMT. A percutaneous Aspiration Device (8 French Aspirex   aspiration thrombectomy catheter, Straub Medical, Switzerland) was used in all @entity1 . Clinical outcomes, right @entity551 (PAP), @entity715 clearance and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Treatment of 16 @entity1 resulted in complete @entity715 clearance (>= 90%), in 87.5% of the @entity1 and near-complete (50%-90%) clearance in 6.3%. Measurements before and after treatment showed a decrease in PAP (73  11mm Hg to 34  8mm Hg, P<.001). The RV/LV ratio decreased from 1.32  0.15 to 0.84  0.13 at follow-up (P<.001). One @entity1 died from @entity1457 . No @entity65 or recurrent @entity1151 were documented during clinical follow-up but one @entity1 demonstrated evidence of mild @entity3618 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates safety and effectiveness of percutaneous mechanical aspiration thrombectomy in @entity1 with massive @entity1151 with a large @entity715 burden.

title: Percutaneous Aspiration Thrombectomy in Treatment of Massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['refractory shock']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle and pulmonary artery pressures']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deaths']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Embolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) are a highly conserved gene family that form pentameric receptors involved in fast excitatory synaptic neurotransmission. The specific roles individual @entity67200 subunits perform in @entity238 and other insects are relatively uncharacterized. Of the 10 @entity238 @entity67200 subunits, only three have described roles in behavioral pathways; @entity67200 and Da4 in sleep, and @entity39990 in the escape response. Other subunits have been associated with resistance to several classes of insecticides. In particular, our previous work has demonstrated that an allele of the @entity46202 subunit is associated with resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. We used ends-out gene targeting to create a knockout of the @entity46202 gene to facilitate phenotypic analysis in a controlled genetic background. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a native function for any @entity67200 subunits known to be targeted by insecticides. Loss of @entity46202 function was associated with changes in courtship, sleep, longevity, and insecticide resistance. While @entity934 signaling had previously been linked with mating behavior and reproduction in @entity238 , no specific @entity67200 subunit had been directly implicated. The role of @entity46202 in a number of behavioral phenotypes highlights the importance of understanding the biological roles of nAChRs and points to the fitness cost that may be associated with neonicotinoid resistance.

title: Pleiotropic Effects of Loss of the @entity46202 Subunit in XXXX : Implications for Insecticide Resistance.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']