abstract: beta-Blockers are known to slow the progression of @entity2316 by lowering arterial pressure. Moreover, in individuals with @entity2316 , antihypertensive agents that provide sustained reductions in @entity644 slow the rate of decline in renal function compared with agents without this antiproteinuric effect. To examine whether differential effects on @entity644 affect the progression of @entity2316 , we conducted a randomized study that compared the effects of a heart rate-lowering @entity460 channel blocker, sustained-release @entity1855 , with those of a beta-blocker, @entity2165 , on the progression of @entity2316 . The primary end point of the study was a change in @entity1011 clearance slope. Thirty-four African Americans with the following inclusion criteria were randomized to one of the two groups: serum @entity1011 greater than 1.4 mg/dL, @entity644 greater than 1500 mg/d, longer than a 5-year history of both @entity2175 and @entity101 , and exclusion of other @entity8 . Goal blood pressure was less than 140/90 mm Hg. All subjects received loop diuretics as second line agents to help achieve the blood pressure goal. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein and @entity1372 excretions as well as @entity1011 clearance were measured at 6-month intervals. Blood pressure was measured every 3 months. After a mean follow-up of 54+/-6 months, the @entity460 channel blocker group demonstrated both a slower rate of decline in @entity1011 clearance (-1.7+/-0.9 versus -3.7+/-1.4 mL/min per year per 1.73 m2, P<.01) and a greater reduction in @entity644 compared with the @entity2165 group. Additionally, a greater proportion of the @entity2165 group had a 50% or more increase in serum @entity1011 compared with the @entity1855 group (32+/-9% versus 16+/-7%, P<.05). These between-group differences could not be explained by differences in blood pressure control. These data support the concept that antihypertensive agents that persistently maintain reductions in both arterial pressure and @entity644 slow the progression of @entity2316 in African Americans to a greater extent than those agents without these effects.

title: Effect of @entity460 channel or beta-blockade on the progression of XXXX in African Americans.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: Turnover studies performed during progressive fasting in normal subjects indicate that the production rate and the concentration of KB rise markedly during the early phase of fasting and start reaching a plateau after about 5 days. In addition to increased production, a reduction in the metabolic clearance rate of KB contributes to the hyperketonemia. This reduced metabolic clearance rate reflects essentially the progressive saturation of muscular @entity6178 uptake that occurs with increasing @entity1270 . The hormonal and metabolic environment of fasting plays only a minor role in this process, since a fall in KB metabolic clearance similar to that observed during fasting is observed if hyperketonemia is artificially induced in the postabsorptive state by the infusion of exogenous @entity16623 . As extraction of KB by muscle becomes limited during ongoing fasting, KB are preferentially taken up by the brain to serve as a substrate replacing @entity413 . The remarkable stability of @entity1270 during prolonged fasting is maintained through the operation of a negative feedback mechanism whereby KB tend to restrain their own production rate. The antilipolytic and insulinotropic effects of KB are instrumental in this process. This homeostatic mechanism maintains ketogenesis only slightly above the maximal metabolic disposal rate, the difference corresponding to urinary excretion, which is always below 10% of total turnover under physiologic conditions. When type I insulin-deprived @entity6 @entity1 are compared at the same KB concentration with control subjects with fasting @entity1270 , the characteristics of KB kinetics are comparable in the two groups. The maximal KB removal capacity is identical in the two situations, and it is not possible to identify a @entity6178 @entity154 specific to @entity6 . Thus, these data favor the concept that excessive production of KB represent the main factor leading to uncontrolled hyperketonemia. It should be realized that a production exceeding only slightly that prevailing during prolonged fasting is sufficient to cause a progressive build-up in concentration, leading to uncontrolled @entity6 . In the overnight-fasted state, a prolonged exercise (2 h) performed at moderate intensity (50% VO2 max) stimulates the capacity of muscle to extract ketones from blood as evidenced by a stimulation of the metabolic clearance rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity6178 body production and disposal: effects of fasting, XXXX , and exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['removal defect']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic ketosis']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketosis', 'ketonemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Active surveillance of @entity263 has emerged as a viable treatment option for @entity1 with features of @entity258 . Five prospective studies have enrolled @entity1 for active surveillance with varying inclusion criteria. We evaluated the pathological outcomes of @entity1 meeting published criteria for active surveillance who elected immediate radical prostatectomy to assess the risk of under grading and under staging in candidates for active surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were extracted from our institutional urological oncology database for all @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1996 and 2007. The primary outcome was pathological up staging, defined as the occurrence of extracapsular extension or seminal vesicle involvement. Pathological upgrading was identified as a secondary outcome. We determined the proportion of @entity1 who would have qualified for each published active surveillance study and the respective rates of upgrading and up staging in each group. RESULTS: We identified 1,097 @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy with a mean age of 59 years. Overall 28% of the @entity1 experienced a Gleason upgrade, 21% had extracapsular extension and 11% had seminal vesicle involvement. In @entity1 qualifying based on published active surveillance inclusion criteria, rates of upgrading varied between 23% and 35%, the incidence of extracapsular extension ranged from 7% to 19% and seminal vesicle involvement ranged from 2% to 9%. CONCLUSIONS: Varying entry criteria for active surveillance show different rates of adverse pathological features at radical prostatectomy. Predictably fewer @entity1 met the more stringent criteria but these @entity1 had a lower incidence of seminal vesicle involvement and extracapsular extension. Such data can be used to advise @entity1 of the risks of active surveillance.

title: Pathological outcomes of candidates for active surveillance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low risk disease']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The current investigations on social stress primarily point to the negative health consequences of being in a stressful social hierarchy. The repetitive nature of such stressors seems to affect behavioral response to @entity158 both in rodents and @entity1 . Moreover, a large discrepancy in the possibility of social stresses affecting @entity158 perception in the two genders exists. The present study examined the effect of chronic social stress on nociceptive responses of both sexes by @entity1949 , food intake inequality and unstable social status (cage-mate change every 3 days) for a period of 14 days in 96 Balb/c @entity19 . In this regard we injected 20   l @entity406 2% into the plantar surface of hind paw at the end of stress period and scored @entity158 behaviors of all subjects, then serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Our results showed that there was significant difference in chronic phase of @entity406 test following implementation of food deprivation and inequality (P<0.05) as compared to control group, so that @entity158 perception was decreased considerably and this decline in inequality exposed subjects was well above isolated ones (P<0.05); whereas unstable social situation did not affect @entity158 perception. Moreover, @entity5003 and @entity777 concentrations in serum of stressed @entity19 of both genders were well above control group (p<0.05). Finally, despite @entity1118 perception in control and unstable male subjects was larger than females; the decrease of @entity1118 perception in male stressed animals (poverty and inequality experienced subjects) was much more than stressed females. These results revealed that although food deprivation and social inequality can induce hypoalgesia, some socioeconomic situations like social instability don't affect @entity158 sensation, whereas there were similar increases of proinflammatory cytokines level in all socially stressed subjects. In addition, males display larger hypoalgesic responses to inequality as compared with females.

title: The effect of social stress on @entity1118 perception in female and male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['implementing of food deprivation']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of @entity52242 ( @entity52242 ) and @entity52243 ( @entity52243 ), two newly synthesized isosteres of @entity5217 , on ionic and secretory events in @entity35 pancreatic islet cells. Both compounds inhibited 86Rb (42K substitute) outflow from @entity35 pancreatic islets perifused throughout at low (2.8 mM) @entity413 concentration. In excised inside-out membrane patches, @entity52242 and @entity52243 reduced the frequency of KATP+ channel openings. The inhibition of 86Rb outflow induced by @entity52242 and @entity52243 coincided with an increase in 45Ca outflow. The latter phenomenon was abolished in islets exposed to @entity141 -free media. Both isosteres of @entity5217 increased the [ @entity141 ]i in single pancreatic islet cells. This effect was counteracted by @entity1855 , a @entity141 entry blocker. In islets exposed to 2.8 mM @entity413 and extracellular @entity141 , @entity52242 and @entity52243 stimulated insulin output. The secretory capacity of @entity52243 was more marked than that of @entity52242 , but the time courses of the cationic and secretory responses exhibited obvious dissociations. These data suggest that the secretory capacity of @entity52242 and @entity52243 results, at least in part, from the inhibition of @entity855 -sensitive K+ channels with subsequent increase in @entity141 inflow. The dissociation between cationic and secretory variables further suggests that the modifications in @entity141 handling are not solely attributable to a primary inhibition of the @entity855 -sensitive K+ channels.

title: Insulinotropic effect of new XXXX isosteres.

entities_list: @entity52243 :: ('MESH:C118844', 'Chemical') :: ['1-[4-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamidoethyl)benzene sulfonamido]-1-cyclohexylamino-2-nitroethylene', 'BM 225']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity52242 :: ('MESH:C118843', 'Chemical') :: ['BM 208', 'N-[4-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamidoethyl)benzenesulfonyl]-N\'-cyano- N"- cyclohexylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'D-glucose']

answer: @entity5217 :: (MESH:D005905,Chemical) :: ['glibenclamide']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) are reported to have microvascular complications in most capillary beds. The microvascular hyperaemia of the skin in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric @entity1723 @entity1 and healthy volunteers was measured with laser Doppler flowmetry. The effect of 3 and 9 months of treatment with @entity3371 , an @entity1289 inhibitor, on hyperaemia in the microalbuminuric @entity1 was studied. Mean (+/- SD) pretreatment duration of skin postocclusive reactive hyperaemia was longer in microalbuminuric than in both normoalbuminuric @entity1 and healthy volunteers (118.2 +/- 34.4 vs 57.8 +/- 16.0 vs 63.3 +/- 18.3 sec, respectively, p < 0.00001). After 3 and 9 months of @entity3371 treatment the prolonged hyperaemia was shortened to 78.6 +/- 45.6 s (p < 0.01) and 62.3 +/- 55.6 s (p < 0.03), respectively. Urinary albumin excretion decreased from 63.9 +/- 43.5 to 33.4 +/- 28.1 mg 24 h-1 at 3 months treatment (p < 0.002) and 43.1 +/- 38.5 mg 24 h-1 at the end of the study period (p < 0.02). A positive correlation between changes in urinary albumin excretion and the shortening of the skin postocculsive reactive hyperaemia was found. Blood pressure remained in the same range throughout. These results show that @entity3371 affects skin blood flow, independent of its @entity551 effect. This action may reflect the influence of @entity1289 inhibitor on vascular beds other than those of the kidneys.

title: The effect of an @entity1289 inhibitor on skin microvascular hyperaemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'longstanding insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['microalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Rapid progress in @entity1577 research affords the possibility of halting the progress of the @entity358 . We used data from 215 @entity1 who had sputum cultures negative for @entity6402 , at least one outpatient pulmonary function test during 1990, and at least one test a year later to estimate the number of subjects and study duration required to demonstrate that a hypothetical treatment reduces the rate of decline of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to zero. Mean rate of decline of FEV1 (percent predicted) was about 2% predicted per year. Variability decreases with increasing time of observation. For a 1-y study, with alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.20, over 550 @entity1 must complete the study in each group to show that a treatment halts pulmonary decline. For a 2-y study, 86 subjects in each group are required, and for 4 y, 65. Increasing the number of data points used to determine the rate of decline of FEV1 had only small effect on sample size. Use of pulmonary function data collected at regular intervals for research purposes did not alter these conclusions. Higher initial FEV1 was associated with a greater rate of decline, and among @entity1 with initial FEV1 > 60% predicted, younger subjects had a faster decline than did older subjects. Thus, fewer subjects will be required to detect a complete halt in progression of @entity358 if the @entity1 are young and have mild @entity358 .

title: Identifying treatments that halt progression of XXXX in @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia cepacia']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary bladder repair with a suprapubic tube is considered to be effective for managing intraperitoneal @entity1494 . We compared the outcomes of suprapubic tube placement and no suprapubic tube for this injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 31 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 with a mean age of 28.5 years who required emergency operative repair without a cystogram of traumatic @entity1494 from 1992 to 1997. @entity1 characteristics, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, and short and long-term complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Penetrating and blunt @entity130 occurred in 28 (82%) and 5 (15%) @entity1 , respectively, while 1 had spontaneous @entity1494 . After primary bladder repair the bladder was drained with a suprapubic tube in 18 cases (53%) and a urethral catheter only in 16 (47%). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to mechanism of injury, @entity1 age, location of @entity1494 , coexisting medical illnesses, stability in the field or emergency room, or the bladder repair technique. The 18 @entity1 treated with a suprapubic tube had an associated injury that resulted in 2 deaths, while 13 of the 16 treated with urethral catheter drainage only had an associated injury and 1 died. @entity5450 in the suprapubic tube versus urethral catheter only group developed in 28 and 33 versus 19 and 19% of the cases, respectively (p <0.05). Followup ranged from 1 month to 4 years. No significant long-term morbidity was noted in either group. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that intraperitoneal @entity1494 may be equally well managed by primary bladder repair and urethral catheter drainage only versus suprapubic tube drainage.

title: Is there a difference in outcome when treating traumatic intraperitoneal XXXX with or without a suprapubic tube?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['Urological and nonurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the bladder', 'bladder injury', 'bladder rupture', 'bladder injuries']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder rupture']


abstract: The radioprotective effect of the leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum (OE) in combination with @entity8503 (WR) was investigated on @entity19 bone marrow. Adult Swiss @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with OE (10 mg/kg on 5 consecutive days), or 100-400 mg/kg WR (single dose) or combination of the two or double-distilled water (DDW) and whole-body exposed to 4.5 Gy gamma-irradiation (RT). Metaphase plates were prepared from femur bone marrow on days 1, 2, 7 and 14 post-treatment and chromosomal aberrations were scored. The maximum number of aberrant cells was observed at 24 h after irradiation in all the groups. However, pretreatment with OE or WR individually resulted in a significant decrease in aberrant cells as well as different types of aberrations. The combination of the two further enhanced this effect; resulting in a 2-fold increase in the protection factor (PF = 6.68) compared to 400 mg/kg WR alone. The percent aberrant cells decreased linear-quadratically with WR dose when given individually, while in the OE + WR pretreatment animals the values showed a linear dose response. Combination of OE with WR doses above 200 mg/kg completely eliminated rings, @entity5700 and pulverization of chromosomes. Percent aberrant cells decreased with time in all groups, though the values remained higher than normal even on day 14 in the RT alone as well as those treated with single agent + RT. WR doses above 200 mg/kg before RT resulted in significantly higher frequency of aberrant cells compared to RT and OE + RT groups on day 14, suggesting delayed WR @entity137 ; but combination of OE with WR brought down these values to normal level, indicating that OE combination, in addition to enhancing WR protection, may also act as a detoxifier. The protective effect of OE and WR is also reflected in the enhancement of bone marrow CFU survival. Both OE and WR possessed significant free radical scavenging activity in vitro. The combination of the two further enhanced this effect, suggesting that the enhanced free radical scavenging activity by combining the two protectors results in the higher bone marrow cell protection. The significant elevation in chromosome protection obtained by combining OE with WR, with reduction in the latter's @entity137 at higher doses, suggests that the combination may have promise for radioprotection in @entity1 .

title: Enhancement of bone marrow radioprotection and reduction of @entity8503 XXXX by Ocimum sanctum.

entities_list: @entity5700 :: ('MESH:D011123', 'Disease') :: ['polyploidy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The first part of this study assessed the potential of MDCT with a CTA examination of the aorta and the coronary, cervical, and intracranial vessels in the etiologic work-up of @entity4905 or @entity385 compared with established imaging methods. The objective of the second part of this study was to assess the @entity731 extent by use of MDCT in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2007 to August 2011, a total of 96 @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity4905 without an evident cardioembolic source were enrolled. All @entity1 underwent MDCT. Atherosclerotic extent was classified in 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 @entity731 levels according to the number of arterial territories (aortic arch, coronary, cervical, intracranial) affected by @entity731 defined as >=  50% cervical, intracranial, or @entity3979 or >=  4-mm aortic arch plaque. RESULTS: There were 91 @entity1 who had an interpretable MDCT. Mean age was 67.4 years (   11 years), and 75 @entity1 (83.3%) were @entity1 . The prevalence of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 @entity731 levels was 48.3%, 35.2%, 12.1%, 4.4%, and 0%, respectively. Aortic arch @entity1856 was found in 47.6% of @entity1 with 1 @entity731 level. The combination of aortic arch @entity1856 was found in 63.6% of @entity1 with >=  2 @entity731 levels. @entity1 with >=  2 @entity731 levels were older than @entity1 with < 2 @entity731 levels (P = .04) in univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT might be useful to assess the extent of @entity731 . It could help to screen for high-risk @entity1 who could benefit from a more aggressive preventive strategy.

title: Multilevel assessment of XXXX extent using a 40-section multidetector scanner after transient ischemic attack or @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheroma', 'atheroma and cervical stenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: Two coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) variants (H3 and H310A1) differ by a single @entity535 mutation in the VP2 capsid protein. H3 induces severe @entity2401 in BALB/c @entity19 , but H310A1 is amyocarditic. Infection with H3, but not H310A1, preferentially activates Vgamma4 Vdelta4 cells, which are strongly positive for @entity60 ), whereas Vgamma1 Vdelta4 cells are increased in both H3 and H310A1 virus-infected animals. Depletion of Vgamma1(+) cells using monoclonal anti-Vgamma1 antibody enhanced @entity2401 and @entity1961 (+)-, @entity60 (+)-cell responses in both H3- and H310A1-infected @entity19 yet decreased the @entity1961 (+)-, @entity58 (+)-cell response. Depleting Vgamma4(+) cells suppressed @entity2401 and reduced @entity1961 (+) @entity60 (+) cells but increased @entity58 (+) T cells. The role of cytokine production by Vgamma1(+) and Vgamma4(+) T cells was investigated by adoptively transferring these cells isolated from H3-infected BALB/c @entity17843 knockout (Stat4ko) (defective in @entity60 expression) or BALB/c @entity9094 ko (defective in @entity58 expression) @entity19 into @entity30442 -infected wild-type BALB/c recipients. Vgamma4 and Vgamma1(+) T cells from @entity17843 ko @entity19 expressed @entity58 but no or minimal @entity60 , whereas these cell populations derived from @entity9094 ko @entity19 expressed @entity60 but no @entity58 . @entity17843 ko Vgamma1(+) cells ( @entity58 (+)) suppress @entity2401 . @entity9094 ko Vgamma1(+) cells ( @entity60 (+)) were not inhibitory. @entity9094 ko Vgamma4(+) cells ( @entity60 (+)) significantly enhanced @entity2401 . @entity17843 ko Vgamma4(+) cells ( @entity58 (+)) neither inhibited nor enhanced disease. These results show that distinct gammadelta-T-cell subsets control @entity2401 susceptibility and bias the @entity1961 (+)-Th-cell response. The cytokines produced by the Vgamma subpopulation have a significant influence on the @entity1961 (+)-Th-cell phenotype.

title: Cytokine production by Vgamma(+)-T-cell subsets is an important factor determining @entity1961 (+)-Th-cell phenotype and susceptibility of BALB/c @entity19 to coxsackievirus B3-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'gamma interferon (IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: Biting and @entity146 produced by intrathecal injection of excitatory @entity535 (EAA) agonists were examined to determine whether the biting and scratching behavioral effects produced by these compounds are altered selectively in vivo by coadministration with divalent cations. @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-induced behavior was inhibited by both @entity1760 and @entity460 but not by @entity219 . @entity4176 (KA)-induced behavioral activity was also inhibited by coadministration with @entity460 but not by @entity1760 or @entity219 . In contrast to both @entity143 and KA, @entity460 , @entity1760 and @entity219 failed to alter the intensity of @entity14425 (Quis)-induced biting and @entity146 . Based on this selective inhibition of the three EAA subtypes by divalent cations, we examined the behavioral responses produced by @entity367 and @entity2574 in combination with @entity460 or @entity1760 to identify the receptor population involved in these motor effects. @entity460 antagonized the biting and scratching behavior produced by i.t. injected @entity367 in contrast with @entity2574 which was inhibited significantly by @entity1760 . Our results support the concept that @entity367 and @entity2574 produce biting and @entity146 by an interaction with distinct receptor populations in the spinal cord. To date, there are no selective antagonists at the KA or Quis receptors. Thus, a systematic examination of the selective inhibition of EAA activity by divalent cations in addition to currently available pharmacologic antagonists may prove to be a useful approach to the identification of @entity143 , KA and Quis receptor interactions.

title: Selective inhibition of excitatory amino acids by divalent cations. A novel means for distinguishing @entity1024 -, @entity4176 - and XXXX -mediated actions in the mouse spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualic acid']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['scratching behaviors']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['Kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity14425 :: (MESH:D016318,Chemical) :: ['quisqualate']


abstract: A few years ago it was demonstrated that @entity842 (NO) and @entity6708 are involved in the auxin response during @entity614 ( @entity614 ) formation in @entity9688 ( @entity9688 ). More recently, a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade was shown to be induced by @entity6207 in a NO-dependent, but @entity6708 -independent, pathway. In the present study, the involvement of @entity141 and the regulation of @entity141 -dependent protein kinase (CDPK) activity during @entity6207 - and NO-induced @entity614 formation was evaluated in @entity9688 explants. The effectiveness of several broad-spectrum @entity141 channel inhibitors and @entity141 chelators in affecting @entity614 formation induced by @entity6207 or NO was also examined. Results indicate that the explants response to @entity6207 and NO depends on the availability of both intracellular and extracellular @entity141 pools. Protein extracts from @entity9688 hypocotyls were assayed for CDPK activity by using histone IIIS or syntide 2 as substrates for in-gel or in vitro assays, respectively. The activity of a 50 kDa CDPK was detected after 1 d of either NO or @entity6207 treatments and it extended up to the third day of treatment. This CDPK activity was affected in both extracts from NO- and @entity6207 -treated explants in the presence of the specific NO-scavenger cPTIO, suggesting that NO is required for its maximal and sustained activity. The in-gel and the in vitro CDPK activity, as well as the NO- or @entity6207 -induced @entity614 formation, were inhibited by calmodulin antagonists. Furthermore, the induction of CDPK activity by NO and @entity6207 was shown to be reliant on the activity of the enzyme guanylate cyclase.

title: Calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinases are involved in XXXX - and auxin-induced @entity614 formation in @entity9688 .

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Species') :: ['cucumber', 'Cucumis sativus']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'adventitious root']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastric variceal @entity548 is an infrequent but serious complication of portal @entity101 . Endoscopic injection of @entity7548 ( @entity7548 ) has been approved as an effective treatment for @entity2312 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the endoscopic injection of @entity7548 for the treatment of @entity2312 . METHODS: Between January 1994 and January 2005, eighty-five @entity1 with @entity2312 received endoscopic injections of @entity7548 . Among these 85 @entity1 , 65 received the procedure within 1 week after @entity2312 , and 13 received as a prophylactic procedure. According to the Sarin classification, 32 @entity1 were GOV1 and 53 were GOV2. Most of the varices were large (F2 or F3, 75 @entity1 ). The average volume of @entity7548 per each session was 1.43 ml. Among 85 @entity1 , 72 @entity1 were followed-up and the median duration was 24.5 months. RESULTS: The rate of initial hemostasis was 98.6% and recurrent @entity548 occurred in 29.2% (21 of 72). When rebleeding occurred, 76.2% was within 1 year after the initial injection. Treatment failure-related mortality rate was 1.4% (1 of 85). Twenty-seven @entity1 died, mostly due to @entity189 or @entity1578 . Two @entity1 experienced @entity1151 and one experienced @entity1188 . They recovered without specific treatment. Rebleeding rate had a tendency to increase in @entity1 with @entity189 (p=0.051) and GOV2 (p=0.061). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7548 injection therapy is a effective treatment method for @entity2312 with high initial hemostasis rate and low major complications.

title: [Long-term results of endoscopic @entity7548 ( XXXX ) injection for treatment of @entity2312 --a 10-year experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocelluar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate', 'Histoacryl']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['splenic infarction']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices', 'gastric variceal bleeding']

answer: @entity7548 :: (MESH:D004659,Chemical) :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']


abstract: In Norway the percentage of autopsies has gradually decreased during the 1986 to 1994 period. As a consequence, the Cause of Death Registry has to rely to a greater extent on physicians' certificates only. The overall percent of autopsies was reduced from 13.8% in 1986 to 9.1% in 1994 (Haukeland Hospital, Bergen, not included). The frequency decreased with age, was lowest in @entity1 , and differed according to cause of @entity204 . In the examined age groups of 0 year, 1-59 years and 60 years and above the percentage changes were as follows in @entity1 : 69.9% to 48.9%, 35.8% to 27.2%; 11.5% to 5.7%. In @entity1 the changes were: 72.2% to 54.7%; 44.5% to 39.2%; 15.1% to 8.65%. Deaths due to @entity5 , @entity4670 and perinatal deaths were all validated if possible. About 40% of deaths due to accidents, @entity4968 and violence were validated. @entity583 were autopsied more frequently than @entity64 . The extent of validation of cause of @entity204 during this period is discussed.

title: [Validation of causes of XXXX by age].

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: In the @entity6739 @entity6739 , genetic studies have identified genes that are required for @entity413 repression of fbp1 transcription. The git2 gene, also known as cyr1, encodes adenylate cyclase. @entity1920 cyclase converts @entity855 into the second messenger @entity268 as part of many eukaryotic signal transduction pathways. The git1, git3, git5, git7, git8 and git10 genes act upstream of adenylate cyclase, presumably encoding an adenylate cyclase activation pathway. In @entity1 cells, adenylate cyclase enzymatic activity is regulated by heterotrimeric @entity6370 -binding proteins (G proteins). In the budding @entity375 @entity375 , adenylate cyclase enzymatic activity is regulated by monomeric, @entity6370 -binding Ras proteins. We show here that git8 is identical to the gpa2 gene that encodes a protein homologous to the alpha subunit of a G protein. Mutations in two additional genes, git3 and git5 are suppressed by gpa2+ in high copy number. Furthermore, a mutation in either git3 or git5 has an additive effect in strains deleted for gpa2 (git8), as it significantly increases expression of an fbp1-lacZ reporter gene. Therefore, git3 and git5 appear to act either in concert with or independently from gpa2 (git8) to regulate adenylate cyclase activity.

title: XXXX repression of fbp1 transcription of @entity6739 is partially regulated by adenylate cyclase activation by a G protein alpha subunit encoded by gpa2 (git8).

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenylate']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: Collagenase-1 (C1) is the predominant matrix metalloproteinase present in newly formed microvessels and serves as a marker of @entity2295 . The expression of the oncofetal fragment of fibronectin (Fn-f) was found to be increased during angiogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the expression of collagenase-1 and the oncofetal fragment of fibronectin in newly formed microvessels as markers of @entity5 angiogenesis. In aggressive @entity1489 (i.e., morpheaform and recurrent @entity1491 ) and @entity957 , @entity2295 was associated with a marked increase in the number of C1-positive and Fn-f-positive microvessels. At the beginning of elongation, microvessels begin to produce C1 but lose their ability to express type IV collagen and @entity2801 -related antigen. Later, this endothelium produces both Fn-f and C1. As maturation of microvessels occurs, C1-containing endothelium fails to express Fn-f but begins to produce a type IV collagen-containing basement membrane and @entity2801 -related antigen. These studies show that there is a selective expression of both Fn-f and collagenase by immature endothelial cells. C1 production begins at early stages of blood vessel formation and continues throughout angiogenesis. In contrast, Fn-f expression is limited to later stages of vasculogenesis, indicating that these proteins are reliable markers of angiogenesis.

title: Interstitial collagenase and the ED-B oncofetal domain of fibronectin are markers of angiogenesis in human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin tumors']


abstract: The toxic jet fuel JP-8 induces morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of apoptosis in @entity35 lung epithelial ( @entity35 ) cells. The mechanism of JP-8 @entity137 in these cells was further investigated in an attempt to identify potential therapeutic interventions. Given that oxidative stress and changes in the concentrations of endogenous antioxidants, such as @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), have been associated with the cellular damage elicited by numerous toxicants, the possibility that JP-8 induces cellular oxidative stress was investigated. Experimentally induced depletion of intracellular @entity2197 or exposure of cells to a low concentration of @entity274 markedly enhanced JP-8-induced cell death. A significant reduction in intracellular concentrations of @entity2197 was noted in @entity35 cells shortly after exposure to JP-8. Furthermore, JP-8 induced the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in @entity35 cells. Consistent with the notion that JP-8 @entity137 is mediated by generation of ROS and depletion of intracellular @entity2197 , JP-8-induced cell death was inhibited by exogenous @entity2197 or the @entity1432 -containing antioxidant @entity898 . This protective effect was associated with marked inhibition of both the activation of @entity4124 and the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by JP-8. Inhibition of the JP-8-induced activation of @entity12874 polymerase by @entity13339 did not protect cells against JP-8 @entity137 . Together, these results indicate that @entity1432 antioxidants are highly effective in rescuing cells from JP-8-induced cell death and that they may provide a basis for new therapeutic approaches to counteract JP-8 @entity137 .

title: Roles of oxidative stress and XXXX depletion in JP-8 jet fuel-induced apoptosis in @entity35 lung epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity13339 :: ('MESH:C025160', 'Chemical') :: ['3-aminobenzamide']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: V-ATPases are multimeric proton pumps. The 100-kDa "a" subunit is encoded by four isoforms (a1-a4) in mammals and two ( @entity11858 and @entity11859 ) in @entity375 . a3 is enriched in osteoclasts and is essential for bone resorption, whereas a4 is expressed in the distal nephron and acidifies urine. Mutations in @entity1 a3 and a4 result in @entity2525 and @entity8 , respectively. @entity1 a3 ( @entity54986 and @entity54987 ) and a4 ( @entity54988 and @entity54989 ) mutations were recreated in the @entity375 ortholog @entity11858 , a3 ( @entity54990 and @entity54991 ), and a4 ( @entity54992 and @entity54993 ). Mutations in a3 resulted in wild type vacuolar acidification and growth on media containing 4 mM @entity21482 , 200 mM @entity3282 , or buffered to pH 7.5 with V-ATPase hydrolytic and pumping activity decreased by 30-35%. Immunoblots confirmed wild type levels for V-ATPase a, A, and B subunits on vacuolar membranes. a4 @entity54993 resulted in defective growth on selective media with V-ATPase hydrolytic and pumping activity decreased by 83-85% yet with wild type levels of a, A, and B subunits on vacuolar membranes. The a4 @entity54992 mutation had defective growth on selective media with no detectable V-ATPase activity and reduced expression of a, A, and B subunits. The a4 @entity54992 mutation phenotypes were dominant negative, as overexpression of wild type @entity375 a isoforms, @entity11858 , or @entity11859 , did not restore growth. However, deletion of endoplasmic reticulum assembly factors ( @entity54994 , @entity54995 , and @entity54996 ) partially restored a and B expression. That a4 @entity54992 affects both Vo and V1 subunits is a unique phenotype for any V-ATPase subunit mutation and supports the concerted pathway for V-ATPase assembly in vivo.

title: Effects of XXXX a3 and a4 mutations that result in @entity2525 and @entity8 on @entity375 V-ATPase expression and activity.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['distal renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The avian glottis channels air from the oropharynx to the @entity825 and is situated on an elevated structure, the laryngeal mound. It is imperative that the glottis be protected and closed during swallowing, which in mammals is achieved by covering the glottis with the @entity2582 , as well as by adduction of the arytenoid cartilages. An @entity2582 , however, is reportedly absent in birds. Ratites such as @entity6497 and @entity6498 possess a @entity6632 in comparison to other birds. The question therefore arises as to how these large birds avoid inhalation of ingesta through a wide glottis, with apparently little protection, particularly as their feeding method involves throwing the food over the glottis to land in the proximal esophagus. RESULTS: In @entity6497 when the glottis was closed and the tongue body retracted, the smooth tongue root became highly folded and the rostral portion of the laryngeal mound was encased by the pocket in the base of the       -   shaped tongue body. In this position the @entity1829 also hooked over the most rostral laryngeal projections. However, in @entity6498 , retraction of the tongue body over the closed glottis resulted in the prominent, triangular tongue root sliding over the rostral portion of the laryngeal mound. In both @entity6497 and @entity6498 these actions resulted in the rostral portion of the laryngeal mound and weakest point of the adducted glottis being enclosed and stabilised. CONCLUSIONS: Only after conducting a comparative study between these two birds using fresh specimens did it become clear how specific morphological peculiarities were perfectly specialised to assist in the closure and protection of the wide glottis. We identify, describe and propose a unique anatomical mechanism in ratites, which may functionally replace an @entity2582 ; the linguo-laryngeal apparatus.

title: What prevents XXXX and @entity6498 (Palaeognathae) from choking? A novel anatomical mechanism in ratites, the linguo-laryngeal apparatus.

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['lingual papillae']

entities_list: @entity6498 :: ('8790', 'Species') :: ['D. novaehollandiae', 'Dromaius novaehollandiae']

entities_list: @entity6497 :: ('8801', 'Species') :: ['Struthio camelus', 'S. camelus']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['very wide glottis']

answer: @entity6497 :: (8801,Species) :: ['Struthio camelus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: EMR at the anorectal junction (ARJ) is technically challenging. Issues of safety and procedural efficacy dictate that surgery is still performed as the primary management for noninvasive lesions in most centers. Modifications to the standard EMR technique may help to address the unique features and achieve safe and curative resection of most lesions. OBJECTIVE: To describe an effective and safe, modified EMR technique to remove @entity33 ( @entity33 ) of the ARJ. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING: Academic, tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing EMR for @entity33 at the ARJ over 4.5 years, from June 2008 to December 2012. INTERVENTIONS: Use of long-acting local anesthetic in the submucosal injectate, endoscopic resection over the dentate line and @entity6713 , prophylactic antibiotics for resection of lesions at high risk for @entity2259 , and cap and gastroscope-assisted resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Procedural success and safety. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 with lesions involving the ARJ were referred for EMR (males 53.8%, median age 63, median lesion size 40 mm). Two @entity1 went directly to surgery because of an endoscopic diagnosis of @entity420 . EMR was performed in 24 lesions with complete @entity652 clearance achieved in 100%. Four @entity1 were admitted to the hospital. Focal @entity652 was seen in 4 of 18 @entity1 (22%) at first surveillance colonoscopy and was managed by snare diathermy resection. No recurrences were found at the second follow-up colonoscopy. Procedural success, @entity652 , and admission rates were similar between EMRs performed at the ARJ and proximal rectum on univariate analysis (all P > .05). LIMITATIONS: Single tertiary center, nonrandomized study. CONCLUSIONS: Simple modifications to the EMR technique allow safe and effective treatment of @entity33 at the ARJ on an outpatient basis and should be the first-line management when the risk of invasive disease is low.

title: XXXX of the anorectal junction: endoscopic resection technique and outcomes (with videos).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['AMN', 'advanced mucosal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal columns']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma recurrence', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['Advanced mucosal neoplasia']


abstract: Prognostic factors and the results of the @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , @entity617 (CHOP) +/- @entity1732 treatment in 93 consecutive evaluable @entity1 with @entity146 are presented. The overall response rate, excluding 7 @entity1 with primary @entity706 who were in complete remission after surgery, was 83% with a complete response (CR) rate of 69%. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates of all @entity1 and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of complete responders at 4 years were 52 and 66%, respectively. Almost two thirds of the @entity1 could be given at least 75% of the planned chemotherapy doses. Treatment @entity137 were in acceptable limits, only 10% of the @entity1 had grade 3-4 hematological @entity137 . Age, performance status (PS), stage, number of extranodal sites (ENS) (< or = 1 vs. > 1), B symptoms, serum LDH levels were evaluated as prognostic factors. Univariate survival analysis yielded stage, ENS and PS as significant prognostic factors for @entity1349 (p = 0.0009, p = 0.0028 and p = 0.0155, respectively). Only involvement of more than 1 ENS was strongly associated with low CR (p = 0.0479) and high relapse rates (p = 0.0118), and it was also determined as the only independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 in @entity1 younger than 60 (p = 0.0015). A modified age-adjusted prognostic index, including ENS in addition to stage, LDH and PS, was found to be more significant than the original age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (IPI) for both DFS (p = 0.0030) and @entity1349 (p < 0.00001). In conclusion, modified age-adjusted index may be a convenient alternative to the original age-adjusted IPI to identify high-risk @entity1 with @entity146 in @entity233 and probably also in other developing countries for experimental intensive regimens.

title: Results of the @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , @entity617 (CHOP) +/- @entity1732 treatment and evaluation of prognostic factors in XXXX in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 has long been associated with contact lens wear and the use of extended-wear lenses enhances the risk of @entity267 . Elucidation of the molecular mediators of contact lens-associated @entity32 has the potential to provide injury-identifying markers early in the inflammatory process, as well as determine potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: This cross-over study investigated a potential correlation between overnight contact lens wear and the concentrations of two markers of @entity32 , a1-antitrypsin and @entity1851 , in tear fluid. To obtain baseline measurements, 17 subjects adapted to wearing @entity1346 hydrogel contact lenses wore their prescribed eye glasses for one week, after which tears were collected and ocular health assessed by a licensed optometrist. Subjects then returned to wearing their prescribed silicone hydrogel lenses continuously for one week. A second tear sample was collected and @entity32 was again assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed on all tear samples for both a1-antitrypsin and @entity1851 . RESULTS: a1-antitrypsin was significantly (p = 0.01) elevated after continuous contact lens wear, with increases above baseline concentrations averaging 2.48-fold. Optometric assessment of @entity32 loosely correlated with levels of this inflammatory marker. @entity1851 was detected in the tears of subjects at both times and levels were also slightly elevated after extended lens wear, but not significantly (p > 0.5) and not consistently in all subjects. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that a1-antitrypsin in tear fluid may be useful as an early marker of contact lens-associated ocular irritation and @entity32 . The presence of @entity1851 in the tears of contact lens wearers is a novel finding which, while not correlative with either a1-antitrypsin concentrations or clinically observable @entity32 , may warrant further study.

title: a1-antitrypsin and XXXX levels in tear fluid after continuous contact lens wear.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal inflammation', 'inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal injury']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: We present four incidental cases that developed partial @entity4685 following the administration of @entity1956 vaccine in 1998. The first two cases, a 33-year-old @entity1 and a 42-year-old @entity1 developed progressive sensory symptoms without motor involvement within 4 weeks following the vaccination. Their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed similar lesions consistent with @entity4685 at their cervical spinal cord. A comparable inflammatory lesion was seen at the T9-T10 levels of the spinal cord in the third case, who was a 40-year-old @entity1 presenting with @entity1183 in her legs and urinary retention following the vaccination. The fourth case who was a 42-year-old @entity1 , presented with sensory symptoms in her left extremities, which developed 3 months after the vaccination. Her MRI showed a hyperintense lesion at C6. She also had two tiny lesions in her cranial MRI. In all cases, there was no history of preceding infections and no clinical evidence suggestive of any other disorders that may cause @entity602 . All @entity1 recovered completely within 3 months with the exception of the third @entity1 who developed new @entity16 after 12 months. Similar clinical and imaging presentation of @entity4685 following @entity1956 vaccination within a 1 year period with no other demonstrable clinical and laboratory evidence for any other disorder raise the probability of a causal link between these two events.

title: XXXX vaccine related- @entity4685 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis B']


abstract: Between February, 1981, and April, 1989, 20 @entity1 underwent surgical treatment of @entity2334 . Most of the @entity1 were operated under temporary external bypass. For Group I and III @entity439 without reconstruction of renal arteries, a modified Crawford's graft inclusion technique was employed to shorten abdominal visceral ischemic time. This modification consists of (1) using adjuncts to perfuse the distal aorta during aortic clamp, (2) starting the first anasistomosis from the distal end of the graft, and (3) shifting the distal aortic clamp on the graft after completing the @entity254 in order to restore abdominal visceral circulation as soon as possible. For Group III and IV @entity439 with reconstruction of renal arteries as well as celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, a modified DeBakey's procedure was employed. This modification consists of (1) using the spiral opening method, (2) doing end-to-end @entity254 at the proximal aortic site, and (3) maintaining the circulation of abdominal organs and spinal cord by using adjuncts during the @entity254 of the proximal end. There were one operative @entity204 and two hospital deaths. @entity451 developed in two cases, one of which was a ruptured case. @entity8 was not found in any case. The survivors were followed from 5 to 103 months, and there was no late @entity204 . The results suggest that our modified procedures for @entity2334 are useful and reliable ones.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: This report describes a @entity19 amniotic fluid (MAF) immunosuppressive factor that has properties similar to transforming growth factor beta ( @entity641 ). The MAF factor exhibits @entity641 -like activity in stimulating soft agar colony formation by AKR-2B cells and inhibiting @entity1014 uptake by Mv1Lu cells. We demonstrate that both the immunosuppressive and @entity641 -like activities of the MAF factor are completely neutralized by anti- @entity11579 -specific antibodies and not by anti- @entity641 -specific antisera. The immunosuppressive factor in MAF is novel in that it appears to be identical or very closely related to @entity11579 and is active in its native state. This active and anti- @entity11579 -neutralizable factor chromatographs at approximately 70 kD on Sephadex at neutral pH and appears to be able to complex with @entity7007 in native amniotic fluid. Chromatography of native MAF under acidic conditions demonstrates a lower molecular mass protein that chromatographs on BioGel in the same position as the mature 25-kD @entity641 . This protein has the biological properties of @entity641 and is immunosuppressive. Both of these activities are neutralizable with anti- @entity11579 but not with anti- @entity641 or other antisera. By Northern analysis, we find high levels of @entity11579 mRNA (with little or no @entity641 ) in the pregnant uterus that peak around day 15 of gestation and then fall rapidly by day 19 as birth approaches. The @entity641 2-like factor could possibly play a role in maternal immunity, in the retention of the fetal allograft, as well as in regulating fetal and neonatal immunological competence.

title: A XXXX ( @entity11579 )-like immunosuppressive factor in amniotic fluid and localization of @entity11579 mRNA in the pregnant uterus.

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity11579 :: (21808(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor beta 2']


abstract: The actions of the novel @entity460 ( @entity141 ) channel antagonist @entity946 ( @entity946 ), a selective T-type channel blocker in myocardium, were investigated in embryonic @entity35 spinal motoneurones maintained in culture. Whole-cell currents were recorded with the patch-clamp technique. Motoneurones displayed transient, low-voltage-activated (LVA) and, more sustained, high-voltage-activated ( @entity3829 ) @entity141 currents. The LVA currents were small and preferentially blocked by @entity6478 and low doses of @entity3406 . Most of the HVA @entity141 current flowed through N-type @entity141 channels, while L-, and P/Q-type channels represented a smaller fraction. @entity946 caused a rapid and reversible dose-dependent block of inward @entity141 channel currents. Inhibition was nearly complete at 10 microM, suggesting @entity946 blockade of all subclasses of @entity141 channels. The IC50 was approximately 1.4 microM on currents measured at 0 mV, from a holding potential of -90 mV. Inhibition of LVA @entity141 current occurred over the same contraction range. Slow tail currents induced by the @entity7236 agonist @entity9898 were also blocked by @entity946 , although with a slightly lower potency (IC50 = 3.4 microM). These broad inhibitory effects of @entity946 on @entity141 influx were also supported by the strong inhibition of depolarization-induced intracellular @entity460 transients, measured from Indo-1 loaded motoneurones imaged with confocal microscopy. We conclude that @entity946 has potent blocking effects on @entity141 channels in @entity1 motoneurones. We hypothesize that therapeutic and pharmacological effects of @entity946 may involve actions on @entity141 channels other than type T.

title: @entity946 ( @entity946 ) blocks multiple types of voltage-gated XXXX channels in cultured @entity35 spinal motoneurones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity946 :: ('MESH:D020748', 'Chemical') :: ['Ro 40-5967', 'mibefradil', 'Mibefradil']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity519 is related to many pathological conditions: aging, heart and @entity1576 , @entity387 , smoke, @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity4288 , all characterized by reductions of sleep-related erections (SREs) and by @entity323 ( @entity323 ). Sleep-related erections occur naturally during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in sexually potent @entity1 . @entity519 is also a physiological condition at altitude. The level of inspired @entity26 decreases progressively with the increase of altitude; for this reason, this study was performed to evaluate the relationship of SREs with @entity519 environment. SREs have been recorded by an erectometer (RigiScan) on three mountain climbers (mean age: 32.5) during a 26-day stay at an altitude ranging from 2000 to 5600 m above sea level. Twenty-four records have been made at progressively increasing altitudes. A data analysis was carried out on a statistical mean of the three values of each variable and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Newman-Keuls test were carried out for multiple comparison among groups. At altitudes over 4450 m, we found lack of @entity2003 at 80-100% and 60-79%. Mean % of @entity2003 and @entity2003 time of 80-100% (tip and base) decreased progressively with altitude. No significant reductions were shown in @entity2003 time at 0-19% and at 20-39% (tip and base), of total number, of total and mean duration of SREs. Pathological rigidometric records at high altitude in sexually potent @entity1 at sea level clarify the primary role of @entity519 in physiopathological @entity323 pathway.

title: The role of @entity519 in XXXX mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apneas']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hypoxia', 'Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early age at menarche and late age at last menstrual period, as well as other reproductive factors, may be the cause of development of some types of @entity5 concerning the female reproductive organs. It has been estimated that late menopause may be responsible for the occurrence of even 16% of cases of @entity43 in the population. The incidence of @entity43 is also higher among nulliparous @entity1 , and among those who rarely become pregnant. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was analysis of the effect of reproductive factors on the risk of @entity43 . METHODOLOGY: The study covered healthy @entity1 , without the diagnosis of focal lesions in the ovaries, and @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity43 . The study was conducted during the period from September 2007-November 2011, and covered a total number of 1,346 @entity1 . Odds ratio was calculated for individual risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the statistical packages STATISTICA v8, GrafPad Instat v 3.00, Analyse-it v. 2.2, and Cytel Studio StatXact-8. Statistical hypothesis were verified on the level of significance p  <= 0.05. RESULTS: Among females who began menstruating by the age of 11, the risk of @entity43 was 1.6 higher than among those in whom the first period occurred at the age of over 13. Similarly, among @entity1 who menstruated at the age of over 55 the risk of development of @entity43 was 1.4 times higher. The age at which a @entity1 delivered her first live baby is also of importance. In the group of @entity1 who gave birth at the age of over 35, the risk was elevated and remained on the level of OR=1.7; 95%CI 0.66-4.5, compared to those who bore the first baby under the age of 25. If the pregnancy was terminated with miscarriage, the risk of contracting @entity43 decreases, and was on the level of OR=0.8; 95%CI 0.53-1.28, compared to the @entity1 who have never been pregnant. Among @entity1 who did not breastfeed their babies, @entity43 risk was 1.7 times higher, compared to those breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Reproductive factors exert a significant effect of the risk of development of @entity43 .

title: Past obstetric history and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity20136 ( @entity20136 ) is a rare @entity74 that is associated with abnormally low serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and @entity755 . It is an @entity74 , and depending on zygosity, the clinical manifestations may vary from none to @entity409 . @entity1561 is common in @entity1 with @entity20136 , however progression to @entity1561 is unusual. We describe here a @entity1 with a novel @entity755 mutation, @entity52990 , which appears to contribute to the severity of the @entity20136 phenotype. He had liver enzyme abnormalities, increased echogenicity of the liver consistent with @entity1560 , very low LDL @entity165 at 0.24 mmol/l (normal 1.8-3.5 mmol/l) and an extremely low @entity755 level of 0.16 g/l (normal 0.6-1.2 g/l). @entity755 gene sequencing revealed him to be a compound heterozygote with two mutations ( @entity52991 and @entity52990 ). @entity755 @entity52991 has previously been reported to cause @entity20136 . Genetic sequencing of his first-degree relatives identified the @entity755 @entity52990 mutation in his normolipidemic brother and father and the @entity755 @entity52991 mutation in his mother and sister, both of whom have very low LDL @entity165 levels. These results suggest that the @entity755 @entity52990 mutation alone does not cause the @entity20136 phenotype. However, it is possible that it has a contributory role to a more @entity146 phenotype in the presence of @entity755 @entity52991 .

title: @entity20136 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neurological, endocrine, hematological or liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['APOB', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity20136 :: ('MESH:D006995', 'Disease') :: ['FHBL', 'Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder of lipid metabolism', 'autosomal co-dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']


abstract: This paper deals with two @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity55 . A 64-year-old @entity1 suffered from @entity1271 while being treated by @entity228 therapy for phemphigoid. She was administered antibiotics and @entity1443 . However, her @entity221 continued and she subsequently developed @entity1353 and @entity401 . The other @entity1 , a 70-year-old @entity1 , was treated with corticosteroid for @entity4681 . Anti-GM1-IgM antibodies were positive in her serum. She developed wet cough and mild @entity221 . During treatment with antibiotics and @entity1443 , her illness was complicated by @entity1353 and @entity55 . As a result of histological findings of transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showing interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells, as well as clinical courses in which cessation of @entity1443 directly lead to the improvement of @entity401 , both @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity1443 -induced @entity55 . The peumonitis responded well to @entity134 therapy. In vitro culture of peripheral lymphocytes showed stimulated proliferation by @entity1443 in both @entity1 . These findings suggest that allergic mechanism was involved in the pathogenesis of the @entity55 . Underlying @entity1200 may have enhanced the occurrence. Although @entity1443 is one of the most popular drugs because of a very low incidence of side effects, this drug should be applied carefully, especially with @entity1 who have such @entity1200 .

title: [Two cases of @entity1443 -induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis', 'interstital pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['lower motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological disorders']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonitis']


abstract: The role of the cytoplasmic regions of interleukin-12 receptors ( @entity37197 and @entity8042 in stimulating proliferation was examined. The transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of @entity37197 or IL-12Rbeta2 were fused to the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, yielding chimeric receptors E12R1 and E12R2, respectively. These chimeras were stably transfected into BaF3 cells, a factor-dependent @entity19 pro-B cell line. Only E12R2 or E12R1+E12R2 transfectants were capable of EGF-dependent proliferation. EGF-dependent phosphorylation of E12R2, @entity16404 , @entity53040 , and @entity10433 was observed. @entity16404 was phosphorylated in E12 @entity19 12R2-, and E12 @entity19 12R2-expressing cells. However, direct associations were detectable only between E12R2 and @entity16404 . @entity53040 phosphorylation was observed only in cells expressing E12R1 or E12R1+E12R2. In parallel with this activation pattern, direct interactions only between @entity53040 and E12R1 were demonstrable. Phosphorylation of @entity10433 was observed in cells expressing E12R1, E12R2, and E12R1+E12R2. The expression levels of @entity17843 protein in BaF3 cells are undetectable by the methods employed here; therefore, @entity17843 phosphorylation was not observed. Taken together, the data indicate that differential interactions take place between the cytoplasmic regions of the two IL-12R subunits and @entity16404 / @entity53040 and that the cytoplasmic region of IL-12Rbeta2 alone is capable of delivering a proliferative signal.

title: Differential associations between the cytoplasmic regions of the interleukin-12 receptor subunits beta1 and XXXX and JAK kinases.

answer: @entity8042 :: (15130(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['beta2']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors evaluated the effects of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) usage and transfusion of previously frozen apheresis platelets on @entity86 , activities of daily living (ADL) score, and mortality rate in @entity1 with acute hypertensive @entity21915 undergoing craniotomy. METHODS: This was a prospective, double-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial in @entity1 with acute hypertensive @entity21915 , who had either not received @entity1281 therapy (control) or received @entity1281 therapy. The @entity1 who received @entity1281 therapy were divided according to the results of a platelet aggregation test into @entity1281 -resistant, @entity1281 -semiresponsive, and @entity1281 -sensitive groups. All @entity1 required an emergency craniotomy for @entity1410 removal after hospitalization. The @entity1 who were sensitive to @entity1281 were randomized to receive one of the following transfusion regimens of previously frozen apheresis platelets: no transfusion, 1 therapeutic dose before surgery, or 2 therapeutic doses (1 before surgery and 1 after 24 hours of hospitalization). The @entity86 rate and the average @entity86 volume were recorded and the ADL scores and mortality rate were measured during a 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS: The rate of @entity86 , average @entity86 volume, and mortality rate were significantly higher in the @entity1281 -sensitive @entity1 who received @entity1281 therapy compared with @entity1 who did not receive @entity1281 therapy (all p < 0.005). The ADL scores were grouped into different grades and the number of cases in the lower grades was higher and the overall scores were poorer in @entity1 who received @entity1281 therapy compared with those who did not (all p < 0.005). After transfusion of previously frozen apheresis platelets, the @entity86 rate, average @entity86 volume, and mortality rate of the @entity1281 -sensitive @entity1 were significantly lowered (all p < 0.005), and the ADL scores and their classification level were better than those of @entity1 who did not undergo transfusion (all p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Transfusion of previously frozen apheresis platelets reduces the rate of @entity86 , average @entity86 volume, disability rate, and mortality rate in @entity1281 -sensitive @entity1 with acute hypertensive @entity21915 undergoing craniotomy.

title: Effect of @entity117 usage and platelet transfusion on @entity86 and activities of daily living in XXXX with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity21915 :: ('MESH:D020145', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A six-year-old, spayed female Shetland sheepdog was presented with acute onset of @entity448 and @entity391 . An inflammatory leukogram and elevated serum amylase, @entity55972 , alkaline phosphatase, @entity493 transferase, and @entity1674 supported a diagnosis of severe acute @entity788 . An enlarged, hypoechoic pancreas was visualized on abdominal ultrasonography. The @entity1 clinically responded to medical therapy consisting of nothing per os, total parenteral nutrition, and supportive care. She presented again three weeks later with @entity448 and @entity391 . A large, anechoic mass was seen in the left limb of the pancreas on ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen. Differentials for this mass included @entity733 , focal @entity298 , and @entity9007 . Clinical signs resolved with supportive care. The mass failed to resolve. Sterile fluid (35 ml) was removed via ultrasonographic-guided centesis 42 days after initial presentation. Ultrasonographic appearance, biochemical analyses, and fluid examination with negative cultures suggested @entity9007 . The pseudocyst gradually resolved over the next seven months postcentesis.

title: Resolution of a XXXX in a dog following percutaneous ultrasonographic-guided drainage.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']


abstract: AIM: Muscle injuries and extensive exercise are associated with cyclo-oxygenase dependent formation of inflammatory prostaglandins. Since the effect of topical administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on local cyclo-oxygenase is unknown, the present exploratory, open label, non-randomized study set out to measure exercise induced release of prostaglandins before and after epicutaneous administration of @entity3522 . METHODS: Microdialysis was used to determine the local interstitial concentration of @entity1421 and 8-iso-PGF2a as well as @entity3522 concentrations in the vastus lateralis under rest, dynamic exercise and during recovery in 12 healthy subjects at baseline and after a treatment phase applying a total of seven plasters medicated with 180 mg of @entity17338 over 4 days. RESULTS: At baseline @entity1421 concentrations were 1169    780 pg ml(-1) at rest and 1287    459 pg ml(-1) during dynamic exercise and increased to 2005    1126 pg ml(-1) during recovery. After treatment average @entity1421 concentrations were 997    588 pg ml(-1) at rest and 1339    892 pg ml(-1) during exercise. In contrast with the baseline phase no increase in @entity1421 concentrations was recorded during the recovery period after treatment ( @entity1421 1134    874 pg ml(-1)). 8-iso-PGF2a was neither affected by exercise nor by treatment with @entity3522 . Local and systemic concentrations of @entity3522 were highly variable but comparable with previous clinical pharmacokinetic studies. CONCLUSIONS: We can hypothesize an effect of topical @entity17338 plaster on limiting the increase of local concentrations of the pro-inflammatory prostaglandin PGE2 induced in the muscle of healthy @entity1 subjects following standardized physical exercise. No effect of @entity3522 treatment on 8-iso- @entity7309 2a concentrations was observed, mainly since @entity10329 is produced by a free radical-catalyzed lipid peroxidation mechanism independent of cyclo-oxygenases.

title: An exploratory microdialysis study investigating the effect of repeated application of a XXXX medicated plaster on prostaglandin concentrations in skeletal muscle after standardized physical exercise.

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostane']

entities_list: @entity17338 :: ('MESH:C064142', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac epolamine']

answer: @entity17338 :: (MESH:C064142,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac epolamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic importance of immunocytochemically determined @entity1722 overexpression in the @entity5 of @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Primary @entity5 from 1,506 @entity0 @entity1 (760 node-negative and 746 node-positive) who were treated in the International (Ludwig) @entity0 Study Group Trial V were studied. Node-negative @entity1 were allocated randomly to either a single cycle of perioperative chemotherapy (PeCT) or no adjuvant treatment, and node-positive @entity1 received either a prolonged chemotherapy (with @entity440 for postmenopausal @entity1 ) or a single perioperative cycle. RESULTS: @entity5 from 16% of the node-negative @entity1 and 19% of the node-positive @entity1 were found to be @entity1722 -positive. In both groups @entity1722 positivity correlated with negative @entity1420 receptors (PR), negative @entity172 receptors (ER), and high @entity5 grade. @entity1137 were all negative, and, thus support the view that such @entity5 represent a defined subtype of @entity0 . The expression of @entity1722 was prognostically significant for node-positive but not for node-negative @entity1 . However, in both subgroups, the prognostic significance was greater for @entity1 who had received more adjuvant therapy. For node-positive @entity1 , the effect of prolonged-duration therapy on disease-free survival (DFS) was greater for @entity1 without @entity1722 overexpression (hazards ratio [HR], = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.72) than for those with @entity1722 overexpression (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.16). Similarly, for node-negative @entity1 , the effect of PeCT on DFS was greater for those without @entity1722 overexpression (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.09) than for those with @entity1722 overexpression (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.66 to 2.25). CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity5 with overexpression of the @entity1722 oncogene are less responsive to @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 (CMF)-containing adjuvant therapy regimens than those with a normal amount of gene product.

title: Prognostic importance of XXXX expression in @entity0 . International (Ludwig) @entity0 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['Lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: The phenomenon known as the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) was originally described more than 30 years ago in pyramidal cells as a slow, @entity141 -dependent afterpotential controlling spike frequency adaptation. Subsequent work showed that similar sAHPs were widely expressed in the brain and were mediated by a @entity141 -activated @entity972 current that was voltage-independent, insensitive to most @entity972 channel blockers, and strongly modulated by neurotransmitters. However, the molecular basis for this current has remained poorly understood. The sAHP was initially imagined to reflect the activation of a @entity972 channel directly gated by @entity141 but recent studies have begun to question this idea. The sAHP is distinct from the @entity141 -dependent fast and medium AHPs in that it appears to sense cytoplasmic [ @entity141 ](i) and recent evidence implicates proteins of the neuronal @entity460 sensor (NCS) family as diffusible cytoplasmic @entity141 sensors for the sAHP. Translocation of @entity141 -bound sensor to the plasma membrane would then be an intermediate step between @entity141 and the sAHP channels. Parallel studies strongly suggest that the sAHP current is carried by different @entity972 channel types depending on the cell type. Finally, the sAHP current is dependent on membrane @entity17418 and @entity141 appears to gate this current by increasing @entity17418 levels. Because membrane @entity17418 is essential for the activity of many @entity972 channels, these finding have led us to hypothesize that the sAHP reflects a transient @entity141 -induced increase in the local availability of @entity17418 which then activates a variety of @entity972 channels. If this view is correct, the sAHP current would not represent a unitary ionic current but the embodiment of a generalized @entity972 channel gating mechanism. This model can potentially explain the cardinal features of the sAHP, including its cellular heterogeneity, slow kinetics, @entity734 on cytoplasmic [ @entity141 ], high temperature- @entity734 , and modulation.

title: The XXXX -activated slow AHP: cutting through the Gordian knot.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: In vitro transcription using nuclear extracts from @entity35 brain and liver were used to assess the tissue-specific and functional elements of the @entity19 neurofilament mid-sized gene promoter (pNF-M). Deletion from -2.7 to -103 (relative to the start site of transcription) resulted in a small increase (2-fold) in the activity of the @entity24066 promoter in both extracts. Promoter strength was slightly higher in brain vs. liver extracts. Deletion to -49 resulted in a 10-fold loss of promoter activity in brain extracts and 6-fold drop in liver. Transcription in both extracts was TATA box-dependent. The region between -65 and -40 was shown to contain sequences responsible for high-level @entity24066 promoter activity in brain and liver extracts. Within this region are @entity10591 and NF-1-like binding sites. Mutation of the NF-1-like site (-53/-39) caused a large drop in the activity of the @entity24066 promoter while mutation of the @entity10591 site (-64/-57) possibly slightly diminished promoter activity in brain and liver extracts. Both the @entity10591 and NF-1-like sites were shown by gel shift competition and supershift assays to be able to bind their respective factors. We conclude that the basic @entity19 @entity24066 promoter is a promiscuous promoter whose activity is modulated by a NF-1-like transcription factor. The lack of tissue specificity in an in vitro system strongly suggests an important role for chromatin structure in the regulation of the @entity19 @entity24066 promoter.

title: In vitro activation of the XXXX mid-sized neurofilament gene by an NF-1-like transcription factor.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies of liposomal @entity632 (CAELYX) have demonstrated significant inhibition of growth of @entity1 @entity788 explants in @entity19 . This study evaluated the efficacy of CAELYX in chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with unresectable, histologically confirmed @entity3123 . Secondary endpoints were quality of life (QOL). time to progression and overall survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 (median age 65) were enrolled. @entity632 was administered to the first five @entity1 at a dose of 30 mg/m2 three-weekly. Two of these @entity1 were dose escalated to 50 mg/m2 four-weekly. Subsequent @entity1 were all treated on the latter schedule. RESULTS: Two @entity1 died after consenting to enter the study but before treatment was commenced and are not included in the analysis. Sixteen @entity1 were evaluable for response. No objective responses were seen. Six @entity1 had stable disease. One @entity1 experienced grade 4 @entity137 with @entity5515 ( @entity5515 ), but continued treatment after dose reduction and delay. Four @entity1 experienced grade 3 @entity3136 and two grade 3 @entity390 . Median survival from time of starting chemotherapy was 3.2 months (range 21 days to 19 months) and one year survival was 10%. Eight @entity1 completed at least two EORTC QLQ C-30 questionnaires. There was no significant change in either global QOL or in any functional or symptom subscale score. CONCLUSION: No objective responses were seen with CAELYX in this study. CAELYX was however associated with stable disease, but data were inconclusive with regard to clinical benefit. It warrants further investigation in the context of combination trials.

title: A phase II study evaluating the tolerability and efficacy of CAELYX (liposomal XXXX , @entity632 ) in the treatment of unresectable @entity3123 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'CAELYX']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['PPE', 'palmar plantar dysaesthesia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have retrospectively reported the positive effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty. The purpose of our study was to evaluate prospectively the effects of vertebroplasty on mobility, analgesic use, @entity158 , and SF-36 (short-form 36-item) scales for @entity1 with painful @entity3814 that are refractory to medical therapy. METHODS: We prospectively followed 167 @entity1 who received 207 vertebroplasty treatment sessions for stabilization of 264 symptomatic @entity3814 between August 1999 and January 2003. The average age of @entity1 was 74.6 years (SD = 12.2 years), and 76% were @entity1 . Pre- and postprocedural measurements of @entity158 , mobility, analgesic use, and SF-36 scales were compared at 1 month after the procedure and between 6 months and 3 years after the procedure with the SF-36 scales. RESULTS: Respective pre- and post-treatment @entity158 scores were 8.71 (SE = 0.1) and 2.77 (SE = 0.18; P < .00001). Respective pre- and post-treatment analgesic use scores were 2.93 (SE = 0.9) and 1.64 (SE = 0.09; P < .00001). Respective pre- and post-treatment activity levels were 2.66 (SE = 0.1) and 1.64 (SE = 0.11; P < .00001). There was a statistically significant improvement on nine of 10 SF-36 scales (P < .001) after 1 month and on eight of 10 SF-36 scales (P < .02) at long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous vertebroplasty offers statistically significant benefits in decreasing @entity158 , decreasing use of analgesics, and increasing mobility in appropriately selected @entity1 . Percutaneous vertebroplasty also offers a statistically significant benefit in most SF-36 scales at both short- and long-term follow-up.

title: Prospective analysis of clinical outcomes after percutaneous vertebroplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful osteoporotic vertebral body fractures']


abstract: In a prospective randomized, open study we evaluated aztreonam (AZ) for treatment of neonatal @entity2348 . There were 147 @entity1 enrolled in the study; 75 received AZ and @entity869 ( @entity860 ) and 72 @entity4509 (AM) and @entity860 (conventional therapy). Twenty-eight AZ/ @entity860 -treated @entity1 and 32 conventionally treated @entity1 had bacteriologically documented @entity281 caused by gram-negative enteric bacilli or Pseudomonas species. Treatment groups were comparable in age, clinical status, and type and severity of underlying disease at the time of enrollment. @entity3127 and @entity281 caused by Pseudomonas species occurred significantly more often in AM/ @entity860 -treated @entity1 compared with @entity1 given AZ/ @entity860 . @entity295 was documented in 83% of @entity1 in each treatment group and Gram-negative enteric bacilli and Pseudomonas species were the principal pathogens. Median peak serum bactericidal titers against the etiologic agent were 1:64 for the AZ/ @entity860 and 1:16 for AM/ @entity860 -treated @entity1 . Case fatality rates resulting from the primary infection were 7 and 22% (P = 0.011), superinfection occurred in 39% and 34% and treatment failure occurred in 7 and 28% (P = 0.036) of the AZ/ @entity860 and AM/ @entity860 -treated @entity1 , respectively. No clinical adverse reactions were observed in either group. Based on these results aztreonam appears to be at least as effective as and possibly more effective than @entity4509 when used initially with @entity869 for empiric treatment of neonatal @entity2348 .

title: Evaluation of aztreonam and @entity869 vs. XXXX and @entity869 for treatment of neonatal @entity2348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: We have examined the redistribution of @entity934 receptor ( @entity9176 ) intramembrane particles (IMPs) when @entity9176 clusters of cultured @entity35 myotubes are experimentally disrupted and allowed to reform. In control myotubes, the @entity9176 IMPs are evenly distributed within the @entity9176 domains of cluster membrane. Shortly after addition of @entity2769 to disrupt clusters, IMPs become unevenly scattered, with some microaggregation. After longer treatment, IMPs are depleted from @entity9176 domains with no further change in IMP distribution. Contact domains of clusters are relatively poor in IMPs both before and after cluster dispersal. Upon visualization with fluorescent alpha-bungarotoxin, some @entity9176 in @entity2769 -treated samples appear as small, bright spots. These spots do not correspond to microaggregates seen in freeze-fracture replicas, and probably represent receptors that have been internalized. The internalization rate is insufficient to account completely for the loss of IMPs from clusters, however. During reformation of @entity9176 clusters upon removal of @entity2769 , @entity15129 concentration in receptor domains increases. At early stages of reformation, IMPs appear in small groups containing compact microaggregates. At later times, @entity9176 domains enlarge and IMPs within them assume the evenly spaced distribution characteristic of control clusters. These observations suggest that the disruption of clusters is accompanied by mobilization of @entity9176 from a fixed array, allowing @entity9176 IMPs to diffuse away from the clusters, to form microaggregates, and to become internalized. Cluster reformation appears to be the reverse of this process. Our results are thus consistent with a two-step model for @entity9176 clustering, in which the concentration of IMPs into a small membrane region precedes their rearrangement into evenly spaced sites.

title: Disruption and reformation of the XXXX receptor clusters of cultured @entity35 myotubes occur in two distinct stages.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']