abstract: BACKGROUND: The latency to diagnosis is the time between the detection of a @entity1 's first symptoms and the @entity5 diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify the latency to the diagnosis of @entity5 in @entity1 in Peru and the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with this latency. METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 between 2012 and 2014 at a social security referral hospital in Peru were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and demographic variables were analyzed to assess their association with the latency to diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 284 @entity1 younger than 18 years of age were included in the study. The median time to diagnosis was 8.8 weeks, with a median @entity1 interval of 2 weeks and diagnostic interval of 4.4 weeks. We found significant differences in the latency to diagnosis for different types of @entity5 (longer for @entity978 and @entity3969 ). Older @entity1 had significantly longer latencies to diagnosis (P = 0.048; OR: 1.05, 95% CI [1.0-1.1]), as did @entity1 who were first diagnosed by a general physician rather than by a pediatrician or surgeon (P = 0.028; OR: 2.1, 95% CI [1.1-4.2]). Parental age, level of education, marital status, @entity3 , clinical stage, and gender did not significantly affect latency to diagnosis as analyzed by a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: In Peru, median latency to diagnosis was comparable to that described in developing countries, where the index of suspicion for @entity5 remains low. It is crucial to establish strategies to optimize early diagnoses using associated factors.

title: Factors associated with the latency to diagnosis of XXXX in Peru.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'lymphoma and solid tumors', 'childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['shorter for Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['childhood cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Gaining Optimal Asthma ControL (GOAL) study has shown the superiority of a combination of @entity10453 / @entity5023 (SFC) compared with @entity5023 alone (FP) in terms of improving guideline defined @entity565 control. METHODS: Clinical and economic data were taken from the GOAL study, supplemented with data on health related quality of life, in order to estimate the cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) results for each of three strata (previously corticosteroid-free, low- and moderate-dose corticosteroid users). A series of statistical models of trial outcomes was used to construct cost effectiveness estimates across the strata of the multinational GOAL study including adjustment to the UK experience. Uncertainty was handled using the non-parametric bootstrap. Cost-effectiveness was compared with other treatments for chronic conditions. RESULT: @entity10453 / @entity5023 improved the proportion of @entity1 achieving totally and well-controlled weeks resulting in a similar QALY gain across the three strata of GOAL. Additional costs of treatment were greatest in stratum 1 and least in stratum 3, with some of the costs offset by reduced health care resource use. Cost-effectiveness by stratum was 7600 pound (95% CI: 4800-10,700 pound) per QALY gained for stratum 3; 11,000 pound (8600-14,600 pound) per QALY gained for stratum 2; and 13,700 pound (11,000-18,300 pound) per QALY gained for stratum 1. CONCLUSION: The GOAL study previously demonstrated the improvement in total control associated with the use of SFC compared with FP alone. This study suggests that this improvement in control is associated with cost-per-QALY figures that compare favourably with other uses of scarce health care resources.

title: Cost-effectiveness of XXXX control: an economic appraisal of the GOAL study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol', 'Salmeterol']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: To conduct a prospective randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of powered versus conventional endoscopic sinus surgery instruments in the management of sinonasal @entity1412 . Two hundred @entity1 with sinonasal @entity1412 who failed conservative therapy were included in the study. They were equally randomized into powered and conventional instruments groups. A subjective visual analogue scale (VAS), endoscopic examination, saccharine clearance time and coronal CT were done preoperatively. Intraoperatively, the operative time, the surgical conditions and degrees of dryness of the operative field were carefully rated and recorded. Postoperatively, VAS, polyp grades, saccharine clearance time, the number of endoscopic debridement and time to mucosalization were recorded. Complications, smoothness of postoperative course were reported. Both groups experienced a significant improvement in the VAS with no statistically significant difference in symptom improvement between the two groups except for olfaction where there was significant improvement in the powered group. Similarly, the two groups demonstrated a significant improvement in the objective parameters including polyp grade and saccharine clearance time changes, but no significant difference between the two groups was found. The operative time as well as the surgical conditions and dryness of the operative field score were significantly better in the powered group. There was a tendency for improvement in the number of endoscopic debridement and time to mucosalization in powered group when compared to conventional instruments group, but this did not reach statistical significance. The incidence of @entity86 was significantly lower in powered endoscopic group. Powered endoscopic sinus surgery offers a better therapeutic approach for @entity1 with sinonasal @entity1412 when compared to endoscopic surgery with the conventional instruments. It provides a bloodless dry operative field with better visualization for a more precise, less traumatic procedure with minimal intraoperative complications and shorter operative time. Additionally, @entity1 have a smoother postoperative course, less incidence of @entity5862 , with a tendency for a faster healing.

title: Powered versus conventional endoscopic sinus surgery instruments in management of sinonasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative synechiae']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['polyposis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visual assessment of medial temporal lobe @entity194 (MTA; range 0-4, from no @entity194 to increasing @entity194 of the choroid fissure, temporal horns and hippocampus) is a sensitive radiological marker of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). One of the critical elements for visual MTA assessment is the cut-off score that determines deviation from normality. METHODS: In this study, we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of different MTA cut-off scores to classify control subjects, individuals with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity195 @entity1 from two large independent cohorts, AddNeuroMed and @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative. Of note, we evaluated the effects of clinical, demographic and genetic variables on the classification performance according to the different cut-offs. RESULTS: A cut-off of >= 1.5 based on the mean MTA scores of both hemispheres showed higher sensitivity in classifying @entity1 with @entity195 (84.5%) and @entity73 subjects (75.8%) who converted to @entity303 compared to an age-dependent cut-off. The age-dependent cut-off showed higher specificity or ability to correctly identify control subjects (83.2%) and those with @entity73 who remained stable (65.5%). Increasing age, early-onset disease and absence of the @entity2204 allele had a stronger influence on classifications using the >= 1.5 cut-off. Above 75 years of age, an alternative cut-off of >= 2.0 should be applied to achieve a classification accuracy for both @entity1 with @entity195 and control subjects that is clinically useful. CONCLUSION: Clinical, demographic and genetic variables can influence the classification of MTA cut-off scores, leading to misdiagnosis in some cases. These variables, in addition to the differential sensitivity and specificity of each cut-off, should be carefully considered when performing visual MTA assessment.

title: Influence of age, disease onset and XXXX on visual medial temporal lobe @entity194 cut-offs.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['ApoE4']


abstract: 1. The effect of meals with a high and low protein content and of the fasting state on renal function and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide was studied in water-loaded normal volunteers. 2. @entity1011 clearance increased after the high protein meal, but did not change after the low protein meal or while fasting. Observations of similar increases in urine @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion and a transient decrease in urine flow after both meals suggest that the protein content of the meal is not an important contributory factor in these responses to feeding. 3. Absolute delivery of @entity1372 and water out of the proximal tubules (assessed by the @entity1091 clearance method) was higher after both meals than while fasting; fractional @entity1091 clearance was higher after the low protein meal than the high protein meal and while fasting. Absolute reabsorption from proximal tubules was increased after only the high protein meal. 4. A transient decrease in the fraction of water delivered to distal nephron segments that appeared in the urine (fractional distal water excretion) was observed after both meals. Fractional distal @entity1372 excretion and absolute distal @entity1372 and water reabsorption increased after both meals. 5. Since plasma atrial natriuretic peptide either decreased (high protein meal) or remained unchanged (low protein meal and fasting), it is unlikely that this hormone is involved in the hyperfiltration after the high protein meal and the natriuresis after both high and low protein meals.

title: Effect of a meal containing protein on XXXX clearance and plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide in man.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a standardized management protocol on @entity697 care in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHOD: We conducted a before-after study regarding @entity697 management. @entity697 over a time period of 19 month (January 1997- October 1998) were identified. Subsequently a management protocol consisting of an assessment sheet and written guidelines for the initial management of @entity697 in the @entity341 , was developed. In addition, physicians and nurses of the @entity341 were informed about the recommendations given in the guidelines, and instructed in peak-flow meter use. The assessment sheet was introduced in January 2002 and posted at several locations in the @entity341 . Between February 2002 and August 2003 the @entity697 in the @entity341 were consecutively registered. Data on medical history, physical examination and objective measurements of airflow obstruction, as well as data on treatment and assessment of the response to therapy were collected. In addition, medication and instructions at discharge were reviewed and compared with the results before the introduction of the assessment sheet. RESULTS: The first group consisted of @entity1 seen between January 1997 and October 1998; the second group consisted of all @entity1 seen between February 2002 and August 2003 (104 vs 273 @entity1 respectively). Both groups had a similar gender distribution (56% females in the first group vs 53% females in the second group) and the mean age of both groups was also alike (median 33 vs 36 years). Most @entity1 had a known history of @entity565 (76% in the first group vs 70% in the second group). The self-referral rate was high in both groups (86% vs 96% respectively). Blood pressure and pulse rate were reported in the majority of @entity1 (95% vs 98% respectively), whereas the respiratory rates were reported in 14% of @entity1 in the first group vs 65% of @entity1 in the second group. The introduction of the assessment sheet led to an increased measurement of initial airflow obstruction (53% of @entity1 in the first group vs 96% of @entity1 in the second group) as well as repeated measures under treatment (36% of @entity1 in the first group vs 85% of @entity1 in the second group). @entity4185 with short-acting inhaled beta-agonists, and use of systemic corticosteroid therapy at admission and at discharge increased significantly (from 31% to 84%, 43% to 68% and 37% to 70% respectively). CONCLUSION: The assessment and management of @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with @entity697 can be improved with a guideline based management protocol, and by educating physicians and nurses in the management of @entity697 .

title: Education and a standardized management protocol improve the assessment and management of @entity565 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma', 'acute asthma consultations', 'Deficiencies in acute asthma care']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['Repeated inhalations']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: The roles of Lats kinases in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis have been well established. Here we report new roles for Lats kinase in the integrity of the apical membrane structure. @entity33620 , the @entity2199 Lats homolog, localized primarily to the subapical region in the intestine. A loss-of-function mutation in @entity33620 resulted in an early @entity1167 and defects in the structure of the intestinal lumen. An electron microscopy study of terminally arrested @entity33620 mutant animals revealed numerous microvilli-containing lumen-like structures within the intestinal cells. The @entity33620 phenotype was not caused by cell proliferation or apoptosis defects. Instead, we found that the @entity33620 mutant animals exhibited gradual mislocalization of apical actin and apical junction proteins, suggesting that @entity33620 normally suppresses the formation of extra apical membrane structures. Heat-shock-driven pulse-chase expression experiments showed that @entity33620 regulates the localization of newly synthesized apical actins. RNAi of the exocyst complex genes suppressed the mislocalization phenotype of @entity33620 mutation. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that Lats kinase plays important roles in the integrity of the apical membrane structure of intestinal cells.

title: Lats kinase is involved in the intestinal apical membrane integrity in the @entity2199 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['larval arrest']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: @entity344 occurs frequently in early @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and it is supposed to anticipate motor symptoms. About 80% of @entity191 @entity1 suffer from @entity1142 before the onset of @entity717 . Despite such a high prevalence of @entity73 in @entity191 , the molecular mechanisms remain poorly investigated. This is also due to the scarcity of experimental studies. In the present work, we tried to reproduce digestive abnormalities observed in @entity191 @entity1 by administering the @entity304 -inducing neurotoxin @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ) to C57BL @entity19 . We show that in these @entity19 , @entity5212 (20mg/kg   3) while producing the classic striatal @entity935 (DA) denervation, persistently delays colonic motility, produces @entity1142 , and reduces the number of enteric TH-positive neurons. The loss of TH-positive cells in the gut is selectively due to the disappearance of DA neurons within both @entity20254 in the intestine, while no change is detected in the esophagus and stomach. In contrast, @entity1063 (NE) neurons are not affected. These data were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and by HPLC showing the significant loss of DA levels while NE and @entity750 content was not affected. @entity935 cell loss was associated with increased a-synuclein levels. These functional, biochemical, and morphological findings extend the @entity191 -mimicking effects of @entity5212 to @entity344 and provide a useful experimental model to understand gut dysfunction in @entity191 and to find effective treatments for digestive symptoms.

title: XXXX -induced @entity304 extends to a subclass of TH-positive neurons in the gut.

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['gut impairment']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI dysfunctions', 'Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity20254 :: ('MESH:C537394', 'Disease') :: ['myenteric and mostly submucosal plexus']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity5212 :: (MESH:D015632,Chemical) :: ['MPTP']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore clinical, hematological and molecular features of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease in central India. METHODS: Focusing on the pediatric age group attending a clinic at the Akola Government Medical College, Akola, Maharashtra State, India, a cross-sectional assessment of 91 @entity1 with @entity3458 was performed during one week in March 2015. RESULTS: Of the 91 @entity1 , there were 49 with @entity66 , 36 with @entity3458 , and 6 with sickle cell-HbD Punjab. @entity13554 gene deletions occurred in only 8/49 (16  %) @entity66 but fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels were markedly elevated with mean and median of 24.4  %; all except 3 @entity66 @entity1 had the Xmn1(+/+) polymorphism consistent with the Asian haplotype. Among the 36 @entity1 with @entity3458 , 25 (69  %) had the severe beta(+) mutation, @entity35386 , and seven other molecular mutations, all beta(o) occurred in the other 11 @entity1 . Many @entity1 had a relatively severe clinical course. Comparison of @entity66 and @entity3458 showed no differences in the prevalence of dactylitis, @entity158 crisis, @entity5837 , hemoglobin level, reticulocyte counts or @entity1862 usage but @entity1 with @entity3458 had significantly more blood transfusions, and greater frequencies of @entity381 and @entity382 . CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 in central India have relatively severe @entity10631 . This may result from lower frequencies of @entity7723 and more frequent severe sickle cell-beta(+) @entity2395 . There is a need for assessment of the indications and policies for blood transfusion and for @entity1862 .

title: XXXX in Central India: A Potentially Severe Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10631 :: ('MESH:D020879', 'Disease') :: ['manifestations']

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SS disease']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell-beta thalassemia', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['acute chest syndrome']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['Sickle Cell Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-operative @entity3472 (POPF) is a common and potentially life-threatening complication following pancreaticoduodectomy. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of intra-operative amylase concentration (IOAC) in peri-pancreatic fluid after resection for the diagnosis of POPF. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who underwent a pancreaticoduodectomy between September 2014 and October 2015 were included in the analysis. IOAC was measured intraoperatively followed by drain fluid analysis for amylase on @entity773 . Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminative capacity of IOAC as a predictor of POPF. RESULTS: IOAC was measured after pancreaticoduodectomy in 62 @entity1 . The IOAC correlated significantly with i) @entity773 and 3 drain amylase (p  <  0.01), ii) the development of POPF (p  <  0.01), iii) the development of clinically relevant @entity292 (Type B, C) (p  <  0.01), iv) delayed @entity356 (p  <  0.01), and v) grade of complication as per the Clavien-Dindo definition (p  =  0.02). ROC curve analysis confirmed the predictive relationship of IOAC and POPF as a good test with an area under the curve of 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99, p  <  0.01. In @entity1 with IOAC of 200  U/L or higher the POPF rate was 80% (OR  =  50.1, p  <  0.0001). DISCUSSION: Measurement of IOAC allows early and accurate categorization of @entity1 at risk for POPF.

title: Intra-operative amylase in peri-pancreatic fluid independently predicts for XXXX post pancreaticoduodectomy.

entities_list: @entity773 :: ('79585', 'Gene') :: ['post-operative days (POD) 1, 3 and 5', 'POD 1']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity3472 :: (MESH:D010185,Disease) :: ['pancreatic fistula']


abstract: Dysfunction of the enzyme aromatase ( @entity26958 ) is associated with endocrine pathologies such as @entity170 , @entity73 and development of hormone-dependent @entity5 . Certain endocrine disrupting chemicals affect aromatase expression and activity in vitro, but little is known about their ability to do so in vivo. We evaluated a bioluminescent @entity19 model (LPTA  )CD-1-Tg( @entity26958 -luc)-Xen) expressing luciferase under control of the gonadal aromatase pII promoter as an in vivo screening tool for chemicals that may affect aromatase expression. We studied the effects of @entity1928 , pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and @entity12472 in this model ( @entity12472 was previously shown to induced pII-promoter-driven aromatase expression in H295R @entity1 @entity1636 cells). About 2-4 out of every group of 10 male or female @entity26958 -luc @entity19 injected i.p. with 10 mg/kg @entity1928 had increased gonadal bioluminescence after 3-5 days compared to controls; the others appeared non-responsive. Similarly, about 4 per group of 9 individual females injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin had increased ovarian bioluminescence after 24 h. There was a statistically significant correlation between ovarian bioluminescence and plasma @entity53 concentrations (n=14; p=0.022). Males exposed to a single dose of 100 mg/kg or males and females exposed to 5 daily injections of 30 mg/kg @entity12472 showed no change in gonadal bioluminescence over a 7 day period, but a significant interaction was found between @entity12472 (100 mg/kg) and time in female @entity19 (p<0.05; two-way ANOVA). Ex vivo luciferase activity in dissected organs was increased by @entity1928 in testis, epididymis and ovaries. @entity12472 (30 mg/kg/day) increased (30%) luciferase activity significantly in epididymis only. In conclusion, certain individual @entity26958 -luc @entity19 are highly responsive to aromatase inducers, suggesting this model, with further optimization, may have potential as an in vivo screening tool for environmental contaminants.

title: Evaluation of a bioluminescent XXXX model expressing aromatase PII-promoter-controlled luciferase as a tool for the study of endocrine disrupting chemicals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired fertility']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity12472 :: ('MESH:D001280', 'Chemical') :: ['atrazine', 'Atrazine']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity912 is a common @entity16 with diverse causes and variable outcome. There is a paucity of reports documenting the spectrum of @entity912 in neurological practice. OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical features, aetiology, and outcome of @entity1 with @entity912 in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity912 with hypokalaemia from 2008 to 2010 were included in the study. @entity1 with @entity5011 , @entity6050 , polio and non-polio @entity9488 and @entity5442 were excluded. Detailed clinical examination, urinalysis, renal function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, thyroid hormones, and electrocardiogram were carried out. @entity1 received intravenous or oral @entity972 supplementation and their underlying causes were treated. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 aged 17-52 years, including three females, were included. Secondary causes of @entity912 were present in 13 @entity1 and included @entity912 in five and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity4861 in four each. All the @entity1 had @entity1688 and 10 had severe @entity425 (MRC grade <2). Tendon reflexes were reduced in eight and brisk in four @entity1 . Respiratory @entity912 was present in six @entity1 and one needed artificial ventilation. Fifteen @entity1 had severe hypokalaemia (<2 mmol/l), four had @entity520 , and six had @entity5838 . The secondary group had more severe hypokalaemia and needed longer time to recover. CONCLUSION: 43.3% of @entity1 with @entity912 had a secondary cause for their condition. @entity1 with severe hypokalaemia with @entity520 or @entity5838 should be investigated for secondary causes as their management differ.

title: Spectrum of hypokalaemic periodic XXXX in a tertiary care centre in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular acidosis', 'RTA']

entities_list: @entity9488 :: ('MESH:D004769', 'Disease') :: ['enterovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological emergency']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4861 :: ('MESH:D053579', 'Disease') :: ['Gitelman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['flaccid paralysis', 'paralysis', 'thyrotoxic paralysis', 'hypokalaemic paralysis']

entities_list: @entity6050 :: ('MESH:D011164', 'Disease') :: ['porphyria']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: @entity1327 is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes serious @entity1 disease in immunocompromised populations. Its polysaccharide capsule is a key virulence factor which is regulated in response to growth conditions, becoming enlarged in the context of @entity281 . We used microarray analysis of cells stimulated to form capsule over a range of growth conditions to identify a transcriptional signature associated with capsule enlargement. The signature contains 880 genes, is enriched for genes encoding known capsule regulators, and includes many uncharacterized sequences. One uncharacterized sequence encodes a novel regulator of capsule and of fungal virulence. This factor is a homolog of the @entity375 protein @entity28771 , a member of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex that regulates transcription of stress response genes via histone acetylation. Consistent with this homology, the @entity1327 null mutant exhibits reduced histone H3 @entity376 9 acetylation. It is also defective in response to a variety of stress conditions, demonstrating phenotypes that overlap with, but are not identical to, those of other fungi with altered SAGA complexes. The mutant also exhibits significant @entity4998 . To establish the role of @entity28771 in the broader network of capsule regulation we performed RNA-Seq on strains lacking either @entity28771 or one of two other capsule regulators: Cir1 and Nrg1. Analysis of the results suggested that @entity28771 functions downstream of both Cir1 and Nrg1 via components of the high osmolarity @entity653 (HOG) pathway. To identify direct targets of @entity28771 , we performed ChIP-Seq analysis of histone acetylation in the @entity28771 null mutant. These studies supported the role of @entity28771 in the direct regulation of capsule and mating responses and suggested that it may also play a direct role in regulating capsule-independent antiphagocytic virulence factors. These results validate our experimental approach to dissecting capsule regulation and provide multiple targets for future investigation.

title: Toward an integrated model of capsule regulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['defects in sexual development and virulence']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans', 'C. neoformans']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']


abstract: Intestinal helminths are among the most common and widespread of @entity1 @entity281 . Because it is typical to find that most worms are aggregated in a few potential hosts it has been suggested that some individuals are predisposed to @entity281 and that morbidity could be controlled by the treatment of heavily infected individuals only. We have studied the prevalence and intensity of reinfection with the intestinal @entity2199 @entity9124 among @entity1 living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. 880 @entity1 were treated with @entity19839 pamoate three times at six month intervals, and on each occasion they collected all their stools for 48 h after treatment. Worms expelled by each subject were counted and weighed. The prevalence of @entity281 at round 1 of treatment was 89% and the mean burden was 18.5 worms. Reinfection was rapid and at rounds 2 and 3 the prevalence was 82% and 80%, respectively, with mean burdens of 14.0 and 11.5 worms. The intensity of reinfection was not random: more subjects than expected became heavily reinfected (greater than or equal to 15 worms) and more subjects than expected remained lightly infected (less than or equal to 14 worms) (p less than 0.001). Worms were highly aggregated at each round of treatment but although just over 10% of all subjects were heavily infected at each and every round of treatment, over 60% of all subjects were heavily infected at least once. The findings show that some individuals seem to be susceptible to heavy @entity281 whereas others are not, that deworming has a greater effect on the intensity of @entity281 than on the prevalence, and that mass chemotherapy is likely to be a more effective means to control morbidity than is selective treatment of heavily infected individuals only.

title: Intensity of reinfection with XXXX and its implications for parasite control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'heavy infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

answer: @entity9124 :: (6252,Species) :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']


abstract: @entity1 @entity788 is an aggressive @entity5 , with systemic @entity3 ultimately accounting for its grave prognosis. @entity1426 metabolites known to affect platelet function also interfere with @entity5 growth and @entity3 . We evaluated the effect of @entity4770 on the hepatic @entity3 of a @entity1 @entity788 in a nude @entity19 model. The mean surface area of @entity5 on the liver was significantly reduced in all treatment groups. In the control group 485 mm2 of @entity5 was present on the liver surface. Animals treated with 200 micrograms of @entity4770 0.5 hr prior to the injection of @entity5 cells had 21 mm2 of @entity5 present on the liver surface (P = 0.004). Similarly, 400 micrograms of @entity4770 caused a reduction of @entity5 surface area to 20 mm2 (P = 0.004). The maximal reduction of @entity5 surface area, 11 mm2, was observed when 200 micrograms of @entity4770 was given 0.5 hr prior to and 4.0 hr after the injection of @entity5 cells (P = 0.003). For the group given 200 micrograms of @entity4770 4.0 hr after the injection of @entity5 , the surface area of @entity5 was 85 mm2 (P = 0.017). The number of @entity5 colonies on the liver surface was significantly reduced from 20 to 11 when 200 micrograms of @entity4770 was administered intraperitoneally 0.5 hr before and 4.0 hr after the injection of @entity5 cells (P = 0.047). These results indicate that @entity4770 has antimetastatic activity on hepatic @entity3 from a @entity1 @entity788 in the nude @entity19 .

title: Effects of @entity4770 on hepatic @entity3 from @entity1 XXXX in the nude @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current Japanese transfer practices for @entity299 ( @entity299 ) @entity1 in pediatric departments are elucidated in this study. The focus was on 149 facilities (from the Japanese Society of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Subspecialty Board and the Japanese Association of @entity1 's Hospitals and Related Institutions). One hundred and thirteen facilities were surveyed and the response rate was 75.8%.Methods   and   Results:Twenty-six facilities (23.0%) treated >= 200 outpatients annually; 48 facilities (42.9%) treated <50 outpatients. Only eight facilities admitted >= 50 inpatients; 61 facilities (54.0%) admitted <10 inpatients. Nine facilities fulfilled international regional @entity299 center criteria. The estimated median number of @entity1 receiving outpatient pediatric department follow up was 33,806. Sixty facilities (53.6%) treated @entity1 in pediatric departments after they reached adulthood. Of 49 facilities that transferred @entity1 , the transfer was most commonly to another department in the same facility (20 facilities; 40.8%), typically the adult cardiology department (29 facilities; 59.2%). In future, 55 facilities (48.7%) desired the transfer of @entity1 to regional @entity299 centers, while 34 facilities (30.1%) preferred to continue treating @entity1 in the pediatric department. CONCLUSIONS: The number of regional @entity299 centers offering sufficient outpatient and inpatient care is limited; transfer from pediatric departments is not standard in Japan. Role division clarification between regional @entity299 centers and other facilities and cooperative network establishment including transitional care programs is necessary.

title: Nationwide Survey of the Transfer of Adults With @entity299 From Pediatric Cardiology Departments to Adult XXXX Centers in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ACHD', 'adult congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Congenital Heart Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse probability of complete local control and outcome in @entity1 with @entity3 and local recurrences who have a high probability of failure of local therapy and who were treated with presurgical targeted therapy with the intention to reconsider complete resection or other local therapies such as radiotherapy or ablation. METHOD: From two institutional databases, @entity1 with metastatic or locally recurrent @entity1358 were retrospectively identified who received targeted therapy based on a @entity5 board decision because of high probability of failure of local control. RESULTS: From January 2007 until November 2014, 34 @entity1 were treated and included in the analysis. Five @entity1 underwent no local therapy due to insufficient downsizing to attempt resection. The probability of proceeding to local therapy was 85.3  %. Median overall survival of 29 @entity1 with local therapy after pretreatment was 67  months (range 9-173, 95  % CI 90.87) with a median disease-free survival of 12  months (range 0-147  months). The probability to achieve complete local therapy and discontinue targeted therapy was 73.5  % (25 of 34 @entity1 ). Median time without systemic therapy was 12  months. CONCLUSION: In a retrospective series of @entity1 with a high probability of failure of local therapy, neoadjuvant targeted therapy was associated with successful complete local treatment in approximately 70  % of @entity1 with a time off targeted therapy of >= 1  year in 50  %. Only number of metastatic sites and the disease-free interval after treatment were associated with outcome.

title: Resection of XXXX and local recurrences of @entity1358 after presurgical targeted therapy: probability of complete local control and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multidisciplinary tumour']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in an experimental study in @entity95 , a new model of neophalloplasty based on two lower abdominal skin flaps and ventral buccal mucosa graft for planned two-stage urethroplasty procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity95 were operated and divided into four equal groups which were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The inflammatory pattern, presence of sub-epithelial @entity82 and epithelial changes in the grafted area were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: There were no deaths and no dehiscence of the wound was seen. One animal in the 2-week group developed an @entity1066 in the grafted area. We found minimal contracture of the neophallus, but this was not statistically significant between groups. Buccal mucosa graft showed good uptake in all groups, with vascular support from subcutaneous tissue of the flaps. The grafted area developed epithelial metaplasia, showing a decrease in cell layers with time, with disappearance of the sub-epithelial papillae and appearance of stratum granulosum and keratinization of the epithelial graft surface. A decrease in sub-epithelial @entity82 with replacement of immature by mature (eosinophilic) collagen was found. In the later groups was also observed an important decrease in inflammatory response, and the chorion of the grafted area presented a dilated capillary network, indicating that the process of neoangiogenesis was effective. CONCLUSION: Buccal mucosa displayed histological integration in the abdominal flaps with epithelial metaplasia in all groups. The surgical aspect of the neophallus was cosmetically acceptable, with minimal contracture.

title: Histological evaluation of an alternative method of neophalloplasty based on two lower abdominal skin flaps and simultaneous buccal mucosa graft in the ventral surface of the neophallus (two-stage urethroplasty): experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of alpha 1--blocker @entity16427 for treatment of @entity6802 ( @entity6802 ) compatible with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). Fourteen randomized controlled trials enrolled 6261 @entity1 , average age 64 years, who had moderately severe @entity6802 and @entity73 . Compared with baseline measures and placebo effect, @entity16427 resulted in a statistically significant improvement in both @entity6802 and flow. However, when compared with placebo, the average magnitude of symptom improvement (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] improvement < 3 points) typically did not achieve a level detectable by @entity1 . Combined @entity16427 and @entity585 therapy improved @entity6802 and reduced the risk of overall clinical progression of @entity1067 compared to each drug separately in @entity1 followed over 4 years. Reported mean changes from baseline in the IPSS were -7.4, -6.6, -5.6, and -4.9 points for combination therapy, @entity16427 , @entity585 , and placebo, respectively. Combination therapy reduced the need for invasive treatment for @entity1067 and the risk of long-term urinary retention. The absolute reductions compared with placebo were less than 4% and primarily seen in @entity1 with prostate gland volume > 40 mL or PSA levels > 4 ng/mL. Efficacy was comparable with other alpha 1--blockers. Withdrawals from treatment for any cause were comparable to placebo. @entity1296 and @entity1295 occurred more frequently with @entity16427 compared to placebo.

title: @entity16427 in the treatment of XXXX : an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['flow impairment']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['BPH', 'benign prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['Dizziness']

entities_list: @entity6802 :: ('MESH:D059411', 'Disease') :: ['lower urinary tract symptoms', 'LUTS']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the urologic symptoms among @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and to explore whether a higher classification of @entity712 increases the risk associated with @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) and lower urinary tract symptoms. METHODS: A total of 214 ambulatory @entity1 with @entity712 (129 @entity1 and 85 @entity1 ) and 378 age-matched subjects (222 @entity1 and 156 @entity1 ) were enrolled in the present study. The urologic symptoms were evaluated using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) from January to June 2010. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, the @entity1 with @entity712 had a significantly greater mean OABSS (4.6  3.6 vs 3.4  3.1, P<.001), total IPSS (8.3  6.9 vs 6.9  7.6, P=.021), and storage IPSS (4.8  3.5 vs 3.7  3.3, P<.001). Of the @entity1 with @entity712 , 34.1% had moderate/severe @entity2182 symptoms (OABSS>= 6), and 43.5% had moderate/severe lower urinary tract symptoms (IPSS>= 8). Compared with @entity1 who had @entity299 ( @entity299 ) class I @entity712 , the @entity1 with @entity299 class III @entity712 had a significantly greater OABSS and total, storage, and voiding IPSSs. @entity1 with @entity299 class II @entity712 did not. A greater body mass index and @entity64 were significantly associated with the OABSS and storage IPSS, and @entity358 was significantly associated with the voiding IPSS. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 with @entity712 had more storage urinary symptoms suggestive of @entity2182 than did the age-matched controls. Among the @entity1 with @entity712 , greater @entity299 class heart function was significantly associated with @entity2182 and lower urinary tract symptoms.

title: High classification of XXXX increases risk of @entity2182 and lower urinary tract symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder syndrome', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['New York Heart Association', 'NYHA']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to examine whether there is an association between parity and age at first birth and risk of @entity703 . METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 1 292 462 @entity1 who had a first and singleton childbirth between 1 January 1978 and 31 December 1987. We tracked each @entity1 from the time of her first childbirth to 31 December 2009, and their vital status was ascertained by linking records with the computerized mortality database. @entity797 proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the @entity703 associated with parity and age at first birth. RESULTS: There were 95 @entity703 deaths during 34,980,246 @entity1 -years of follow-up. The mortality rate of @entity703 was 0.27 cases per 100,000 @entity1 -years. The adjusted HR was 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-3.19] for @entity1 who gave birth between 24 and 26 years of age and 2.52 (95% CI 1.44-4.40) for @entity1 who gave birth after 26 years of age, when compared with @entity1 who gave birth when <23 years of age. A trend of increasing risk of @entity703 was seen with increasing age at first birth. The adjusted HR was 0.88 (95% CI 0.49-1.59) for @entity1 who had two @entity1 and 0.89 (95% CI 0.47-1.67) for @entity1 with three or more births, when compared with @entity1 who had given birth to only one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study is the first to suggest that early age at first birth may confer a protective effect on the risk of @entity703 .

title: Parity, age at first birth and risk of death from XXXX : a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer', 'hazard ratios (HRs) of death from kidney cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney cancer']


abstract: AIM: To examine factors associated with testing and detection of @entity683 in @entity1 admitted to hospital for acute care during the winter 2009 pandemic @entity683 outbreak. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : Retrospective observational study of @entity1 who were tested for @entity683 after being admitted to hospital through emergency departments of the Sydney South West Area Health Service from 15 June to 30 August 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The association of factors such as age, diagnosis at admission, hospital and week of admission with rates of testing and detection of @entity683 . RESULTS: 17,681 @entity1 were admitted through nine emergency departments; 1344 (7.6%) were tested for @entity683 , of whom 356 (26.5%) tested positive for pandemic @entity683 . Testing rates were highest in 0-4-year-old @entity1 , in the peak period of the outbreak, and in @entity1 presenting with a febrile or @entity1576 . Positive @entity683 test results were common across a range of diagnoses, but occurred most frequently in @entity1 aged 10-14 years (64.3%) and in @entity1 with a diagnosis at admission of @entity683 (59.1%). Using multivariate logistic regression, @entity1 with a diagnosis at admission of @entity221 or a @entity1576 at admission were most likely to be tested (odds ratios [ORs], 15 [95% CI, 11-21] and 17 [95% CI, 15-19], respectively). These diagnoses were stronger predictors of @entity683 testing than the peak testing week (Week 4; OR, 7.0 [95% CI, 3.8-13]) or any age group. However, diagnosis at admission and age were significant but weak predictors of a positive test result, and the strongest predictor of a positive test result was the peak epidemic week (Week 3; OR, 120 [95% CI, 27-490]). CONCLUSION: The strongest predictor of a clinician's decision to test for @entity683 was the diagnosis at admission, but the strongest predictor of a positive test was the week of admission. A rational approach to @entity683 testing for @entity1 who are admitted to hospital for acute care could include active tracking of @entity683 testing and detection rates, testing @entity1 with a strong indication for antiviral treatment, and admitting only those who test negative to "clean" wards during the peak of an outbreak.

title: Influenza A testing and detection in XXXX admitted through emergency departments in Sydney during winter 2009: implications for rational testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza-like illness', 'influenza A']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Therapy results in @entity153 remain unchanged since the establishment of thoracic surgery. Prognosis depends on the two main factors: histological type and extension of disease at the time of diagnosis. Both factors are mutually dependent. @entity4153 represents a special entity with its early hematogenous spread and the poorest prognosis of all @entity153 . The @entity5 is highly sensitive to radioor chemotherapy. A marked prolongatoion of medium survival time can be obtained by combination chemotherapy. This is usually accompained by an obvious improvement in the @entity1 's general condition. In certain cases results can be further improved by irradiation of the @entity5 and the mediastinum. Prophylactic cranial irradiation is often indicated because of the frequent cerebral metastases. Results of chemotherapy are much less impressive in @entity957 of the bronchus. Such therapy can only be recommended for the exceptional case. Pilliative radiotherapy should be used freely. Till now, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery has only proven its value in @entity4153 .

title: [Chemotherapy in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell bronchogenic carcinoma', 'Small cell carcinoma of the bronchus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['adenoor squamous-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma', 'bronchogenic carcinomas']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic resection of gastric @entity5 ( @entity5 ) carries a high risk of perforation. New techniques such as use of the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) may enable secure endoscopic closure of perforations. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic resection of small gastric @entity5 using a grasp-and-snare technique followed by OTSC closure of the gastric wall if necessary. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this prospective study 20 consecutive @entity1 who presented with gastric @entity5 <=3cm were enrolled. Endoscopic resection was performed using a double-channel endoscope, a tissue anchor and a monofilament snare. If perforation occurred, the aim was to achieve complete closure with a tissue twin grasper and the OTSC. Procedures were performed under laparoscopic control using a 5-mm optic, which was introduced via a single 5-mm trocar through the umbilicus. All @entity1 were followed up for 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS: In 6/20 @entity1 a pure endoscopic approach was impossible and a switch to laparoscopic wedge resection was necessary (large @entity5 size in 2/6 @entity1 ; mainly extraluminal growth in 4/6 @entity1 ). Solely endoscopic resection was successfully performed in the remaining 14 @entity1 . Amongst these, laparoscopic control was impossible in two cases. Perforation occurred in 6/14 @entity1 but gastric closure with the OTSC was performed successfully in all these cases. No complications occurred and follow-up was unremarkable. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic snare resection enables safe treatment of small gastric @entity5 (diameter  <=3cm) and seems faster and easier to perform than other endoscopic resection techniques, such as @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) or submucosal tunneling. Perforations occurring after full-thickness resection can be adequately managed by OTSC closure. Solely endoscopic resection without laparoscopic control seems possible in selected @entity1 with @entity5 known to have purely intraluminal growth.

title: EndoResect study: endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'subepithelial tumors', 'SETs', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['ESD', 'endoscopic submucosal dissection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['subepithelial tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the appearance of radiation-induced @entity99 on computer tomography for quantitative assessment of dosimetric changes in different radiological reactions and the influence of time-effect. METHODS: The focal liver reactions of 35 @entity1 treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3-D CRT) for @entity409 were evaluated, with the applied doses of 36-65 Gy in 4-28 fractions completed in 8-41 days. All @entity1 received nonenhanced CT scan and arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scan 1-6 months after therapy. The liver tissue density in irradiated and nonirradiated liver was compared, and the reaction type and the threshold dose determined radiologically. RESULTS: On at least one follow-up examination, 51.4% of @entity1 were found to have a focal radiation reaction in the liver. The radiation reaction was hypodense in 43.75% of the follow-up nonenhanced CT examinations and in 19.23% of arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scans. It was hyperdense in 42.31% of arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scans. The median threshold dose inducing a radiation reaction was 30.8 Gy (range 18-42.8 Gy). The detected threshold dose was positively correlated with the time of detection of the reaction (P=0.041), with a correlation coefficient of -0.473. On arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scans, the threshold dose was significantly higher for hyperdense than for hypodense changes (P=0.017). In additional follow-up, the reaction volume decreased and the reaction types changed on arterial-dominant phase contrast-enhanced CT scans. CONCLUSIONS: The threshold dose can be different in different radiological reaction types on multiphase CT scans. The detected threshold dose is inversely correlated with the time of detection of the early reaction. Multiphase contrast-enhanced CT is helpful to distinguish radiation reactions from recurrent @entity5 .

title: [Assessment of radiation-induced XXXX with computed tomography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: A total of 917 fecal specimens collected from @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity697 in Dhaka City, Bangladesh during 2004-2005 were examined for the presence of adenoviruses by PCR. Adenoviruses were identified in 17 of 917 (1.9%) specimens. Detected adenoviruses were subjected to molecular genetic analysis by sequencing method. Adenoviruses detected in this study were classified into three serotypes, namely @entity33256 , @entity33257 and Ad40. Of these, Ad40 was predominant, followed by @entity33256 and accounted for 42% (7 of 17) and 36% (6 of 17), respectively. This is the first report of @entity697 attributed to @entity33256 and @entity33257 in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Another interesting feature of the study was absence of @entity21076 serotype. Our results clearly indicated that @entity9504 were most commonly observed in winter season (October 2004 through January 2005) and in rainy season (May 2005 through July 2005) in Dhaka City. The most common clinical symptoms of @entity9504 @entity1 were @entity2700 (94%), @entity490 (59%) and @entity391 (30%). To our knowledge, this is the first 1-year molecular epidemiological research of @entity9504 in Bangladesh.

title: Molecular epidemiology of XXXX among @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity697 in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infection', 'adenovirus-infected', 'adenovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity9504 :: (MESH:D000257,Disease) :: ['adenovirus infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: the presence of @entity7261 and their complications in the cecal appendix is an uncommon disease. We present a series of 13 @entity1 with this condition, and perform a review of the literature. @entity1 AND METHOD: we carried out a retrospective study of @entity1 undergoing appendectomy for @entity697 in the last twelve years in our department. The pathological examination of these episodes revealed 13 cases with a diagnosis of @entity66 , all of them consisting of pseudodiverticula. Their clinical manifestations, laboratory results, imaging tests, and histology were analyzed, and findings were compared to those in the previous literature. RESULTS: the incidence of @entity66 in our setting was 13 cases (0.8%) among 1634 appendectomies for @entity697 . @entity4436 was found in 8 @entity1 (61.5%), and @entity7261 (38.5%) in 5. Appendicular perforation was more common in @entity1 with @entity66 (53.8%) as compared to those without this condition (31.1%). CONCLUSIONS: complicated @entity66 in the vermiform appendix of adult @entity1 may result in insidious, recurrent manifestations that may confound preoperative diagnosis. A higher risk for appendicular perforation renders appendectomy the therapy of choice, even prophylactically when the condition is incidentally identified preoperatively.

title: Appendicular pseudodiverticula and XXXX . Our 12-year experience.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula', 'diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticulitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: A voluminous literature describes the relationship between disturbed sleep and @entity308 . The breakdown of sleep is one of the cardinal features of @entity308 and often also heralds its onset. Frequent arousals, periods of wakefulness and a short sleep onset @entity1949 latency are typical polysomnographic features of @entity308 . The short latency to @entity1949 sleep has been attributed to the combination of a monoaminergic deficiency and cholinergic supersensitivity and these irregularities have been proposed to form the biological basis of the disorder. A similar imbalance between monoaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission has been found in @entity2724 , a condition in which frequent awakenings, periods of wakefulness and short sleep onset @entity1949 latencies are also characteristic findings during sleep. In many cases of @entity2724 , this imbalance appears to result from a @entity942 but once established, whether in @entity308 or @entity2724 , this disequilibrium sets the stage for the dissociation or premature appearance of @entity1949 sleep and for the dissociation of the motor inhibitory component of @entity1949 sleep or @entity2725 . In the presence of this monoaminergic/cholinergic imbalance, @entity15221 ( @entity2933 ) may acutely further reduce the latency of @entity1949 sleep and induce @entity2725 , in both @entity1 with @entity2724 or @entity308 . On the other hand, the repeated nocturnal application of @entity2933 in @entity1 with @entity2724 improves the continuity of sleep, prolongs the latency to @entity1949 sleep and prevents @entity2725 . Evidence to date suggests that @entity2933 may restore the normal balance between monoaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. As such, the repeated use of @entity2933 at night and the stabilization of sleep over time makes @entity2933 an effective treatment for @entity2724 and a potentially effective treatment for @entity308 .

title: @entity2724 and @entity308 and the neurobiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity15221 :: ('MESH:D012978', 'Chemical') :: ['gammahydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of hypocretin']

answer: @entity15221 :: (MESH:D012978,Chemical) :: ['gammahydroxybutyrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective study is to suggest the possibility of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for advanced @entity356 (AGC) through long-term outcomes. METHODS: Of 283 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent LAG with extraperigastric (D2) lymphadenectomy between January 2004 and February 2009, 106 were pathologically confirmed with AGC and analyzed. RESULTS: There were 75 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 , with a mean age of 61.4 +/- 11.7 years. There were 32 total gastrectomies and 74 distal gastrectomies with D2 lymphadenectomy. The mean @entity5 size was 4.8 +/- 2.6 cm. The mean numbers of retrieved and metastatic lymph nodes were 34.3 +/- 15.3 and 5.4 +/- 8.7, respectively. There was no lymph node @entity3 in 44 @entity1 (41.5%), and there were 35 grade T2a, 51 T2b, and 20 T3 lesions. There were 10 operation-related morbidities (9.4%) and one @entity204 (0.9%) from @entity1578 . The overall and disease-free survival rates were 81.4% and 72.4%, respectively. @entity5 recurred in 17 @entity1 (16.0%) during the follow-up periods (median 21.5 months; range 2-60). CONCLUSIONS: LAG for AGC might be considered as a minimally invasive treatment in selected cases, but further study comparing it with open gastrectomy will be needed.

title: Long-term outcomes after laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for advanced XXXX : analysis of consecutive 106 experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Our understanding of the synthesis and production of follicular @entity230 and @entity2918 (PG) in the @entity1707 is based largely on in-vitro studies with granulosa and theca interna tissues obtained from Graafian follicles at various stages of maturation. As the follicle enlarges before the LH surge, granulosa cells exhibit a decrease in FSH receptors and are less responsive to FSH in terms of @entity268 production. Concurrently, there is an increase in granulosa and thecal cell LH receptors associated with an increase in responsiveness to LH and an increase in @entity134 production. Both granulosa and thecal cells produce @entity2931 and @entity1420 , the rates of production being dependent on the stage of maturation of the follicle and substrate availability. Thecal cells are the principal source of @entity3800 and control @entity2931 synthesis by providing aromatizable substrate. After exposure to LH/hCG in vivo, both cell types lose the ability to produce @entity2931 in vitro. These studies support the two-cell, two-gonadotrophin hypothesis of ovarian steroidogenesis. In vitro, granulosa and thecal cells exhibit an increased ability to produce PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha after exposure to LH/hCG in vivo. Follicular PG production appears to be regulated by @entity1426 availability and PG synthetase activity. In vivo, the follicular fluid concentrations of PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha increase markedly at the time of ovulation. The increases in PG levels and ovulation can be blocked by @entity3352 , an inhibitor of PG synthesis. These studies provide convincing evidence for an intrafollicular source of PGs and are consistent with the hypothesis that LH induces an increase in PG production that is essential for rupture of the follicle. @entity230 act on the follicle through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms to modulate follicular growth and differentiation and to regulate steroidogenesis. PG actions on the follicle appear to be exerted via effects on contractile elements of the theca externa, blood vessels and on collagenolytic and other proteolytic enzymes.

title: The synthesis and actions of @entity230 and XXXX during follicular maturation in the @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandins']


abstract: Hepatozoon species are parasites that infect a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. The objective of this study was to perform the molecular detection and characterization of Hepatozoon spp. in @entity31019 , Indian @entity7928 , Indian @entity14301 , Indian wild @entity235 , Indian domestic @entity235 and cat based on partial 18S rRNA gene sequences from Hepatozoon spp. in the naturally infected animals. Hepatozoon spp. could be detected in blood samples of 5 out of 9 @entity31019 , 2 out of 5 Indian @entity7928 , 2 out of 4 Indian @entity14301 and 2 out of 2 Indian wild @entity235 and, 2 out of 4 @entity468 and 2 out of 3 domestic @entity235 samples by PCR. Sequencing of PCR amplicon and BLAST analysis of partial 18S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the Hepatozoon spp. in @entity31019 , Bengal @entity7928 , Indian @entity14301 and @entity468 was Hepatozoon felis (98-99% similarity) and in the Indian wild and domestic @entity235 the phylogenetic neighbour was Hepatozoon canis (97-100% similarity). Presence of @entity10331 and @entity14991 in both domestic and wild animals suggested that they are not host specific and the same parasite causes @entity281 in domestic and wild felids and canids in India and from different parts of the world. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and molecular characterization of @entity10331 @entity281 in @entity31019 , Indian @entity7928 , Indian @entity14301 and @entity14991 in Indian wild @entity235 . Hepatozoon spp. may be a potential pathogen and an opportunistic parasite in immuno-compromised animals and could thus represent a threat to endangered Indian wild felids and canids.

title: Molecular characterization of Hepatozoon spp. XXXX in endangered Indian wild felids and canids.

entities_list: @entity14301 :: ('9691', 'Species') :: ['leopards', 'leopard']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity31019 :: ('83386', 'Species') :: ['Asiatic lion', 'Asiatic lions']

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cat', 'domestic cats']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is considered a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease that shares mediators of @entity32 with @entity1569 , such as @entity310 and @entity650 . The relationship between these two conditions involves factors such as predisposition and response to therapy, in addition to an association with @entity65 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of adiposity as determined by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and dual energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry (DXA) evaluation in @entity1 with @entity1569 . METHODS: BMI, WC and body composition by DXA were measured in 42 @entity5144 @entity1 without joint complaints and in 41 control @entity1 using standard procedures. In the comparison between cases and controls, we used Pearson's   2 test or @entity16043 's exact test, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The difference between the diverse classification methods for @entity28 was evaluated using McNemar's test. To test the level of agreement between those variables, we used the weighted kappa coefficient. RESULTS: There was no difference in the prevalence of @entity28 among cases and controls. Both BMI and WC had low agreement with measures of body fat evaluated by DXA. With the use of DXA scanning, prevalence of overweight and @entity28 in @entity1 with @entity1569 was 83.3%, which constitutes a strong evidence of the need for intervention on this metabolic parameter. CONCLUSION: Dual energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry was more capable of identifying @entity28 compared with BMI and WC both in @entity5144 and control @entity1 .

title: Assessment of adiposity in @entity5144 @entity1 by dual energy X- XXXX absorptiometry compared to conventional methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity16039 :: (255564,Species) :: ['ray']


abstract: AIM: To compare the urine @entity1496 , @entity1388 , and to measure thyroid volumes in 10-15-year-old @entity1 using ultrasonography, a gold standard in evaluating thyroid volume. METHODS: A total of 261 @entity1 were enrolled into the study group from the 4-8th grades of 3 different primary schools, which were in the zone with high @entity1388 levels. The control group was formed by enrolling 298 @entity1 from the 4-8th grades of only one primary school. Age, gender, height, and weight values were recorded for the @entity1 . The urine @entity1496 , @entity1388 , and thyroid volumes were measured with ultrasonography in 10-15-year-old @entity1 with @entity3296 and controls and compared between two groups. RESULTS: The mean urine @entity1388 level was 0.48  0.24 mg/L in the study group and 0.22  0.17 mg/L in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean urine @entity1496 level did not differ between two groups. The mean total thyroid volume was 8.60  3.11 mL and 8.73   2.75 mL in the study and control group, respectively. The groups were also compared according to the echobody index, and the score was 6.94  2.14 ml/m   in the study group and 6.48  1.53 ml/m   in the control group (p=0.003). Mean thyroid volumes did not differ between two groups. However, the echobody index in the study group was higher than in the control group. CONCLUSION: A relation between @entity1388 concentration and thyroid gland with ultrasonographic examination was firstly evaluated, and it was concluded that @entity1388 affected thyroid gland although it was weakly significant. After puberty, echobody index in subjects with @entity3296 was markedly high. Based on our results, we thought that @entity3296 increases thyroid volume in @entity1 with @entity3296 after puberty.

title: The investigation of effects of @entity3296 on thyroid volume in school-age XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: THE AIM: To evaluate the frequency of @entity28 in @entity1 scolarised in Zaghouan, and to show the protective effect of breast feeding. METHODS: A retrospective study, included 162 @entity1 (aged 2 to 6 years), from 3 kindergartens situated in Zaghouan, during 2006. A questionnaire was drawn up, filled out by parents, concerning the breast feeding, the duration, the family antecedents of @entity28 , and the nutritional practices. Obesity is defined by an Body Mass Index (BMI) > or =97 centile referring to curve of the centiles of BMI for the age (Rolland Cachera). RESULTS: 86% of @entity1 were breast fed. 85 @entity1 (52%) were nursed by breast exclusively 6 months or over (A group). 54 (34%) are exclusively breast-fed lower than 6 months (B group). 23 (14%) were never breast fed (group C). An overweight was found in 20 @entity1 (12%). This overweight is noted respectively in 8%, 9% and 8/23 in the groups A, B and C. Our results showed that there is a statistically significant relation between the BMI and the breast feeding (P < 10 -8). Breast feeding has probably a protective effect against @entity28 of the @entity1 (Odds Ratio = 0.17). CONCLUSION: Promotion of the breast-feeding and information on its methods and its control are a public health priority, it protects the @entity1 and his mother from certain diseases and prevents from @entity28 . OMS recommends an exclusive breast feeding until the 6 months age, and to continue if possible until the 2 years.

title: [Protective effect of breast feeding in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), including @entity1 b-defensins (hBDs) and psoriasin/ @entity28566 , exert antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions of the innate defense system. In addition to these functions, the search for @entity5 biomarkers has identified @entity2132 as playing a potential role in both @entity5 suppression and oncogenesis. Although @entity2132 are highly expressed in salivary glands, their role as molecules for potential diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has not yet been analyzed. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether expression levels of putative pro- or anti-oncogenic hBDs, including @entity16448 , -2, -3, and psoriasin/ @entity28566 , are altered in @entity5 tissue as potential targets for molecular-based therapeutic approaches. METHODS: We analyzed the expression levels of @entity16448 , -2, -3, and psoriasin/ @entity28566 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in a case control study by comparing @entity5 samples relative to healthy control specimens from 58 @entity1 . Expression level analysis of @entity16448 , -2, -3, and psoriasin/ @entity28566 by qrt-PCR was normalized to the endogenous 18S rRNA expression levels. RESULTS: The results demonstrate the significant downregulation of @entity16448 (p   <   0.001), @entity15875 (p   =   0.003), @entity6390 (p   =   0.002), and psoriasin/ @entity28566 (p   =   0.003) mRNA in @entity1 @entity5 compared with healthy control specimens. Protein expression levels of @entity16448 , -2, -3, and psoriasin/ @entity28566 in @entity5 tissue were strongly reduced compared with healthy control specimens. CONCLUSION: The data indicates a putative role of the innate defense system in @entity5 formation. The identification of immunoregulatory molecules as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets could provide new approaches for molecular-based diagnostic and therapeutic support to treat @entity5 as well as other @entity5 . We suggest that @entity2132 should be taken into consideration for use in molecular-based therapeutic approaches.

title: XXXX b-defensins and psoriasin/ @entity28566 expression in salivary glands: anti-oncogenic molecules for potential therapeutic approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'salivary gland tumor', 'cancer', 'salivary gland tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['HDPs', 'Host defence peptides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood lipid profiles have been suggested to be a risk factor for @entity170 . However, the association between lipid profiles and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate an association between blood lipid profiles and @entity79 through both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study. METHODS: Study subjects were 958 postmenopausal Korean @entity1 who have repeatedly undertaken laboratory tests and @entity79 measurements at lumbar spine and femur neck with an interval of 7.1 years. The associations between lipid profiles and @entity79 were examined using Spearman correlation analysis with an adjustment for age, smoking, @entity167 drinking, physical activity, body mass index, and follow-up duration. RESULTS: Lumbar spine @entity79 was not associated with total @entity165 (TC), low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HLD-C) regardless of when the measurement was performed. In an analysis using data measured at the beginning of the study, femur neck @entity79 was not associated with TC and LDL-C. However, femur neck @entity79 showed weak but significantly positive correlation with HDL-C (correlation coefficient, 0.077; 95% confidence interval, 0.005 to 0.149). When the analysis was repeated with data measured at the end of the follow-up, there was no significant correlation between femur neck @entity79 and any lipid profile. In addition, change in femur neck @entity79 during follow-up was not associated with the change in lipid profiles. CONCLUSION: Although further study with a consideration of @entity460 intake and @entity170 medication seems necessary, this study found no association between serum lipid profiles and @entity79 in postmenopausal Korean @entity1 .

title: Association between Serum @entity165 Level and Bone Mineral Density at Lumbar Spine and Femur Neck in Postmenopausal Korean XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: The majority of the leukocytes cross the endothelial lining of the vessels through cell-cell junctions. The junctional protein @entity3545 is transiently re-distributed from sites of cell-cell contacts during passage of leukocytes. @entity3545 is part of a protein complex comprising @entity8780 and @entity3546 as intracellular partners. @entity3546 connects @entity3545 to @entity19207 . This @entity3545 -catenin complex is believed to dynamically control endothelial cell-cell junctions and to regulate the passage of leukocytes, although not much is known about the role of @entity25664 during the process of @entity4222 ( @entity4222 ). In order to study the importance of the interaction between alpha- and @entity3546 in @entity4222 , we used a cell-permeable version of the peptide encoding the binding site of @entity19207 for @entity3546 ( @entity31479 ). The data show that @entity31479 interferes with the interaction between @entity25664 and induces a reversible decrease in electrical resistance of the endothelial monolayer. In addition, @entity31479 co-localized with @entity3546 at cell-cell junctions. Surprisingly, transmigration of neutrophils across endothelial monolayers was blocked in the presence of @entity31479 . In conclusion, our results show for the first time that the association of @entity19207 with the cadherin-catenin complex is required for efficient leukocyte @entity4222 .

title: The presence of @entity19207 in the XXXX complex is required for efficient @entity4222 of leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity31479 :: ('p|SUB|S|27|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S27D']

entities_list: @entity3545 :: ('1003', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular Endothelial (VE)-cadherin', 'VE-cadherin']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['TEM', 'transendothelial migration']

entities_list: @entity3546 :: ('1499', 'Gene') :: ['beta-catenin', 'Beta-catenin']

answer: @entity3545 :: (1003,Gene) :: ['VE-cadherin']


abstract: Alpha-internexin (INA) is a proneuronal gene-encoding neurofilament interacting protein. INA is overexpressed mostly in @entity11 , is related to 1p/19q codeletion, and is a favorable prognostic marker. We studied INA expression in @entity463 (GBMs) to verify its association with several molecular phenotypes, 1p/19q codeletion, and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) amplification. A total of 230 low- and high-grade ODG and @entity11 cases was analyzed for INA expression by immunohistochemical staining; and 1p/19q and @entity470 gene status was examined by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. INA was positive in 80.3% of ODGs and in 34.3% of GBMs. 1p/19q codeletion was detected in 77.0% of ODGs and 5.5% of GBMs. INA and 1p/19q codeletion were strongly correlated (P < 0.001). The specificity of INA expression for 1p/19q codeletion was 70.8%, while sensitivity was 100%; positive predictive value was 72.5%, and negative predictive value was 29.2% in all 228 @entity5 . INA expression was correlated with better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.001). In conclusion, INA expression has high specificity and sensitivity to predict 1p/19q codeletion, and it is well correlated with PFS of both ODGs and GBMs. Therefore, INA expression could be a simple, reliable, and favorable prognostic and surrogate marker for 1p/19q codeletion and long term survival.

title: Alpha internexin expression related with molecular characteristics in XXXX and oligodendroglioma.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'oligodendroglial phenotype gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas (ODGs) and glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth-factor-receptor']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['adult glioblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Right-brain-damaged @entity1 may show a @entity5545 termed @entity1057 . @entity1 with @entity1057 omit letters on the left-hand-side (the beginning, when reading left-to-right) part of the letter string, substitute them with other letters, and add letters to the left of the string. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of association, if any, between error types in @entity1 with @entity1057 and recurrent perseveration (a productive @entity51 characterized by addition of marks) in target cancellation. Specifically, we aimed at assessing whether different productive symptoms (relative to the reading and the visuo-motor domains) could be associated in @entity1 with left @entity1057 . Fifty-four right-brain-damaged @entity1 took part in the study: 50 out of the 54 @entity1 showed left @entity1057 , with 27 of them also exhibiting @entity1057 . Neglect dyslexic @entity1 who showed perseveration produced mainly substitution neglect errors in reading. Conversely, omissions were the prevailing reading error pattern in neglect dyslexic @entity1 without perseveration. Addition reading errors were much infrequent. Different functional pathological mechanisms may underlie omission and substitution reading errors committed by right-brain-damaged @entity1 with @entity1057 . One such mechanism, involving the defective stopping of inappropriate responses, may contribute to both recurrent perseveration in target cancellation, and substitution errors in reading. Productive pathological phenomena, together with deficits of spatial attention to events taking place on the left-hand-side of space, shape the manifestations of @entity1057 , and, more generally, of @entity1057 .

title: XXXX : Perseveration and reading error types.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['visuo-motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['left neglect dyslexia', 'spatial neglect', 'neglect dyslexia']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['reading disorder']

answer: @entity1057 :: (MESH:D058069,Disease) :: ['Left neglect dyslexia']


abstract: The cerebrospinal fluid of eight @entity1 with @entity191 who underwent adrenal medullary autotransplantation was analyzed using @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. A protein, subsequently identified as prealbumin, was noted to change in concentration over the intraoperative to 18-month postoperative time course. The qualitative changes observed on visual inspection were confirmed and quantified using laser densitometry. The concentration of prealbumin increased by an average of 90% when the intraoperative and 12-month samples were compared. This increase persisted at 18 months. The ratio of prealbumin to albumin also increased from intraoperative to 12 months by an average of 56%. This suggests that the increases in PA are the result of choroid plexus activation rather than a nonspecific breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Given the association of prealbumin with other @entity16 , as well as its known ability to bind multiple substances, these findings may have important implications. Alterations in prealbumin may be responsible for the improvement seen in some @entity1 who receive adrenal medullary autotransplants. Alternatively, prealbumin may be implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity191 .

title: Alterations in prealbumin concentration after adrenal autotransplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nervous system diseases']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: AIM: This article is a report of the effects of Roy's adaptation model-based @entity1 education on physical and psychosocial adaptation of @entity1 with @entity1030 . BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1030 abound in @entity233 , as they do worldwide. @entity1 education could help in the adaptation of @entity1 with @entity1030 to the disease, as it has with other long-term diseases. DESIGN: The study adapted a quasi-experimental design, with a comparison between an intervention group and a control group. METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity3885 participated in this study. The data were collected between December 2008-January 2010. The data collection tool comprised an adaptation of a Roy's adaptation model-based evaluation form and perceived social support from family and friends scale. The intervention group received oral and written education based on Roy's adaptation model, while the control group received a routine follow-up. Data were analysed with paired t-test and analysis of covariance (ancova). FINDINGS: The results indicate that education given according to Roy's adaptation model increases adaptation to disease in three modes (physiologic, self-concept and role-function mode). In addition, taking into account interdependence mode as Roy's adaptation model's fourth mode, a statistically significant increase was observed in social support from friends but not from family. CONCLUSION: The more intervention for improving interpersonal support - especially perceived as coming from family - the more using Roy's adaptation model to educate @entity1 with @entity1030 could benefit them to increase adaptation to the disease.

title: Roy's adaptation model-guided education for adaptation to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: STATING THE MAIN PROBLEM: Only few reports have detailed perioperative management and outcome of @entity409 ( @entity409 ), and none describe the long-term renal function. METHODS: Three @entity1 presented clinical signs of @entity296 with reduced ejection fraction and proven @entity82 with evidence of portal @entity101 . Two of them presented @entity177 , and the other @entity120 . After cardiac transplantation and closure of the sternum, liver transplantation was performed using systematically venovenous double-limb (portal and caval) bypass. RESULTS: Mean cold ischemic time for heart and liver was 2 h 46 min and 12 h 47 min, respectively. Intraoperative hemodynamics remained grossly stable during surgery. Mean transfusions were 12 red blood cell packs. All three patients received anti-R- @entity1199 antibodies at post-operative day 1 and 4. Mean plasma @entity1011 concentration was 90    8  mol/L one yr post- @entity409 , vs 160    62  mol/L pre- @entity409 . All three @entity1 are alive with functional grafts after a mean follow-up of 26 months (12-38). CONCLUSION: @entity409 could be performed safely through two consecutive and independent usual procedures. Perioperative hemodynamic stability, minimal @entity190 , and routine splanchnic decompression are probably major determinants of a favorable outcome and good long-term renal function.

title: Perioperative management of combined heart-liver transplantation in @entity1 with XXXX , @entity177 , or @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['combined heart and liver transplantation', 'CHLT']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity2688 ( @entity2688 ) is a nonspecific @entity32 disease arising from the submucosal layer, and extending to the full thickness of the stomach. We herein report on a case of acute @entity2688 which was diagnosed with abdominal ultrasonography. A 64-year-old @entity1 presented at a hospital after having recently undergone pacemaker implantation for the treatment of complete @entity713 . He was admitted as an emergency due to a fever of 39 degrees C. He showed @entity448 , epigastralgia, @entity391 of coffee-ground emesis on the second hospital day, and abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) performed on the third hospital day showed the disappearance of the normal laminated structure and hypoechoic thickening of the stomach walls. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed significant @entity1373 of the stomach walls, an erythrogenic mucosa, and poor extension. On the fourth hospital day, computed tomography revealed concentric thickening of the stomach walls. @entity4195 was cultured from his blood sample. Based on those findings, the @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity697 . His clinical symptoms improved and the abnormal ultrasonographic examination findings thereafter returned to normal following the administration of antibiotics. @entity2688 should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis when encountering @entity1 with acute abdomen. We experienced a rare case of @entity697 and AUS was useful for making an early diagnosis.

title: [The Abdominal Ultrasonographic Appearance of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute phlegmonous gastritis']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['Phlegmonous gastritis', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute Phlegmonous Gastritis']


abstract: Previous studies evaluating whether risk factors for @entity356 are also associated with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) have shown inconsistent results. We prospectively examined the association of @entity4726 , a pre-malignant condition for @entity356 and long-term sequelae common to many exposure factors, and the risk of incident @entity14 . METHODS: A total of 20,928 Finnish male smokers, aged 50-69, who were @entity1 in the @entity1881 , @entity2066 Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC) had serum pepsinogen I (SPGI) levels measured. @entity1 with low SPGI levels (< 25 microg/l; n = 1,665) were invited for gastroscopy. Of these, 1,059 (63.6%) @entity1 underwent gastroscopy and @entity4726 was histologically confirmed in 1,006 (95.0%) @entity1 . We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the risk of incident @entity14 . RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 11.3 years (236,258 @entity1 -years), 425 incident CRCs were diagnosed. The incidence rates were 1.82, 1.48, and 1.82 per 1,000 @entity1 -years of follow-up for @entity1 with normal SPGI (> or =25 microg/l), low SPGI, and histologically confirmed @entity4726 , respectively. Compared to subjects with normal SPGI, there was no increased risk of @entity14 among subjects with low SPGI (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.47-1.05) and among those with histologically confirmed @entity4726 (Adjusted HR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.55-1.34). CONCLUSION: @entity4726 is not associated with an increased risk of @entity14 among male smokers.

title: @entity4726 and the risk of incident XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic gastritis', 'atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['Beta-Carotene']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['Alpha-Tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']