abstract: An adult female @entity16654 was referred with an 18-month history of chronic @entity11127 . @entity417 and moderate @entity491 with heterophilia and monocytosis were detected and interpreted as evidence of a chronic inflammatory condition. Evaluation of lateral and dorsoventral radiographic views revealed multiple soft-tissue opacities within the cranial lung fields. Endoscopic evaluation revealed that the normal reticulated pattern on the surface of the lung had been largely replaced by diffuse, granulomatous tissue. Histologic examination of biopsy specimens revealed @entity1624 . Ziehl-Neelsen stains revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli consistent with @entity15539 spp. Molecular methods including polymerase chain reaction restriction assays and DNA sequencing confirmed the identification of M. haemophilum and @entity15539 . The snake was euthanatized. @entity4593 is an uncommon and sporadic pyogranulomatous disease of reptiles. In most cases of @entity4593 , treatment is not advised because of the chronic nature and often advanced stage of the disease, long-term and expensive nature of potential treatment regimens, and the risk of spread to other animals, including @entity1 .

title: Pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by @entity15539 haemophilum and @entity15539 in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract disease']

entities_list: @entity4593 :: ('MESH:D009165', 'Disease') :: ['reptile mycobacteriosis', 'Mycobacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity1624 :: ('MESH:D005693', 'Disease') :: ['classic pyogranulomas']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity15539 :: ('1781', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium', 'M. marinum']

answer: @entity16654 :: (51751,Species) :: ['royal python']


abstract: Effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, @entity37086 ( @entity2848 ), on @entity414 crystal-induced @entity32 was investigated in comparison with standard drugs for treating @entity697 in experimental animals. @entity2848 inhibited @entity414 crystal-induced paw @entity4 in both @entity35 (1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity19 (5-25 mg/kg, p.o.) in a dose-dependent manner. On @entity35 @entity414 crystal-induced paw @entity4 , @entity2848 was found to be almost equally active as @entity3352 (IM) and @entity3812 . In addition, @entity2848 (2.5-10 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the accumulation of exudate and decreased the leucocyte numbers and the amount of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 )-like substance in @entity414 crystal-induced @entity5641 in @entity35 dose-dependently, with a potency slightly greater than that of IM. The specific anti-gout agent @entity3812 (5 mg/kg, p.o.) also suppressed the accumulation of exudate and decreased the leucocyte numbers, without affecting the amount of @entity1421 -like substance. Moreover, in @entity19 @entity298 , @entity2848 (1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) suppressed the @entity414 crystal-induced increase in vascular permeability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in experimental models of @entity210 , @entity2848 inhibited the @entity158 response (abnormal gait) of @entity414 crystal-induced @entity625 in both @entity35 (0.25 and 1 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity235 (3 mg/kg, p.o.), with a potency greater than that of IM and @entity11464 , respectively. These results indicate that as an anti-gout agent, @entity2848 is at least as effective as other standard drugs, so that it should have good clinical potential.

title: [Effect of @entity37086 on @entity414 crystal-induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gout']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity11464 :: ('MESH:D010653', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylbutazone']

entities_list: @entity37086 :: ('MESH:C043940', 'Chemical') :: ['pranoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2', 'PGE2']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['articular gout']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium urate']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and ligation of the @entity4501 ( @entity4501 ) has been the procedure of choice for esophageal @entity1146 at our institution since 1967. This report summarizes our operative and long-term results with the @entity454 operation in 68 babies, including 33 in Waterston group A (50%), 23 in group B (35%), and 12 in group C (15%). An additional 10 @entity1 had a primary end-to-end (EE) @entity254 , while 14 others required either staged EE repair or an esophageal replacement procedure. Overall survival rate with @entity454 was 93% including two @entity204 attributed to major @entity834 and @entity295 , and three others in group C from @entity299 . Six (9%) of those having @entity454 @entity254 developed a recurrent @entity4501 between 40 days and 21 months of age, necessitating reoperation. Predisposing factors to recurrent @entity4501 were surgical inexperience (three cases; first operation for each surgeon), forceful @entity391 secondary to @entity354 ( @entity354 ) in two, and @entity1445 in one. @entity834 occurred in seven (10%) following end-to-side repair and was implicated in two @entity204 . Three @entity1 developed minor anastomotic stricture requiring less than three dilatations, while one with a tight stricture needed as many as five dilatations over the first 14 months of life. Mild @entity1282 and respiratory symptoms were uniformly observed during the first year, but only five @entity1 (7%), including the two with recurrent @entity4501 , required fundoplication for persistent @entity354 . All @entity1 were eating table foods after 1 year of age, while 10 (15%) have required periodic endoscopic removal of solid food lodged at the radiographically unobstructed @entity254 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reassessment of the end-to-side operation for esophageal XXXX with @entity4501 : 22-year experience with 68 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['End-to-side anastomosis', 'ES']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the reproducibility and stability of hippocampal T2 relaxation times and examine the effects of @entity1 ' age, @entity410 , and duration of @entity302 on this measure. METHODS: Hippocampal T2 relaxation times were measured in 63 @entity1 with chronic @entity302 (55 with partial and 8 with @entity410 ) using a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence, echo times 22 to 262 millisecond, on a 1.5-T clinical MR imaging system. Twenty-three @entity1 on stable medication regimens underwent repeated T2 relaxometry after an interval of between 115 and 331 days. In 4 @entity1 with partial @entity410 , hippocampal T2 relaxation times were measured interictally and again within 45 minutes of @entity410 . RESULTS: In the 55 @entity1 with @entity302 , hippocampal T2 relaxation times did not correlate with @entity410 frequency, duration of @entity302 , or age, but they were significantly more abnormal in those @entity1 with a history of prolonged (more than 30 minutes) early childhood @entity410 than in those without. Eight @entity1 with @entity3762 had normal MR and hippocampal T2 relaxation times. In the 23 @entity1 who underwent repeated T2 relaxometry there was no evidence of qualitative changes in T2-weighted images of the hippocampi or systematic changes of hippocampal T2 relaxation times with time. In 4 @entity1 recent complex partial or secondary generalized @entity410 did not acutely alter hippocampal T2 relaxation times. CONCLUSION: Hippocampal T2 relaxation time is a precise, reliable, stable, noninvasive measurement sensitive to @entity75 . These results do not suggest progression of @entity75 in @entity1 with intractable partial @entity410 during periods of up to 331 days.

title: MR detection of XXXX in @entity302 : factors influencing T2 relaxation time.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized seizures', 'seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['hippocampal disease']


abstract: The cardinal symptoms of @entity191 ( @entity191 ), @entity910 , @entity2003 and @entity400 , are only observed when the striatal level of @entity935 (DA) is decreased by 60-80%. It is likely that compensatory mechanisms during the early phase of DA depletion delay the appearance of motor symptoms. In a previous study, we proposed a new @entity191 monkey model with progressive @entity5212 intoxication. Monkeys developed all of the motor symptoms and then fully recovered despite a large DA cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN). Compensatory mechanisms certainly help to offset the dysfunction induced by the DA lesion, facilitating motor recovery in this model. Neurotransmitter measurements in the striatal sensorimotor and associative/limbic territories of these monkeys subsequently revealed that DA and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) could play a role in recovery mechanisms. To try to determine the involvement of these neurotransmitters in compensatory mechanisms, we performed local injections of DA and @entity750 antagonists ( @entity8878 and @entity5079 , respectively) into these two striatal territories and into the external segment of the globus pallidus ( @entity61550 ). Injections were performed on monkeys that were in an asymptomatic state after motor recovery. Most @entity191 motor symptoms reappeared in animals with DA antagonist injections either in sensorimotor, associative/limbic striatal territories or in the @entity61550 . In contrast to the effects with DA antagonist, there were mild @entity191 effects with @entity750 antagonist, especially after injections in sensorimotor territories of the striatum and the @entity61550 . These results support a possible, but slight, involvement of @entity750 in compensatory mechanisms and highlight the possible participation of @entity750 in some @entity74 . Furthermore, these results support the notion that the residual DA in the different striatal territories and the @entity61550 could be involved in important mechanisms of compensation in @entity191 .

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity750 antagonist injections into the striatopallidal complex of asymptomatic @entity5212 -treated monkeys.

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['mianserin']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural disorders']

entities_list: @entity8878 :: ('MESH:D005475', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-flupenthixol']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) of platelet concentrates using photosensitizers and ultraviolet light illumination reduces the proliferation potential of pathogens by damaging biomolecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The impact of @entity8728 (RF-PRT)- and amotosalen ( @entity5427 )-based pathogen inactivation on platelets was studied using microfluidic flow chambers on immobilized collagen using standard platelet concentrates prepared from buffy coats in additive solution. Flow cytometry, metabolic parameters and light transmission aggregometry with @entity556 -related peptide, collagen and @entity8325 were determined concurrently. RESULTS: Both PCTs significantly decreased the platelet surface coverage kinetics in flow chambers over the course of the 7-day study. Platelet aggregation was affected following RF-PRT in response to all agonists, while @entity5427 mainly impacted low-dose @entity8325 agglutination. RF-PRT induces premature platelet activation because integrin aII b b3 was spontaneously activated, and a-degranulation, phosphatidylserine/- @entity8398 exposure and anaerobic metabolism significantly increased following treatment, which was not the case for @entity5427 . On the other hand, @entity5427 significantly diminished @entity715 growth onto @entity2880 factor under shear flow. This defect was caused by fewer integrin aII b b3 interactions, not by defective GPIba-VWF binding as shown by adhesion experiments in the presence of tirofiban. Moreover, integrin aII b b3 activation was also affected following the activation of platelets via GPVI-FcyRIIa or @entity16400 . Finally, amotosalen illumination as such is sufficient to induce @entity16 , with no additional measurable effect of the chemical adsorption step. Gamma irradiation caused no significant difference compared to controls on any time-point or for any parameter. CONCLUSION: Both PCTs significantly reduce @entity715 formation rate but by different biochemical mechanisms.

title: @entity8728 and amotosalen photochemical treatments of platelet concentrates reduce XXXX formation kinetics in vitro.

entities_list: @entity8398 :: ('MESH:D019856', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['platelet damage']

entities_list: @entity8325 :: ('MESH:D012310', 'Chemical') :: ['ristocetin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Photochemical treatment', 'PCT']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: Circulating endothelin (ET) levels are elevated in @entity712 and positively correlated with severity of @entity712 . Recent studies demonstrated @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) V2 mRNA expression was upregulated in the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) of @entity7863 ( @entity7863 ). The goal of the present studies was to determine if @entity2232 is involved in upregulating the expression of AVP V2 mRNA in the IMCD of @entity7863 by using a mixed @entity2231 / @entity1627 receptor antagonist @entity12584 . Our results showed plasma @entity2232 levels increased in @entity7863 hamsters and related with the severity of @entity712 . The competitive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to quantify the expression of AVP V2 and @entity7060 ( @entity7060 ) mRNA in the IMCD. AVP V2 mRNA expression was elevated in placebo-treated @entity7863 hamsters and decreased significantly with 14 days of @entity12584 treatment. Similar results were seen with @entity7060 mRNA. The effect of @entity12584 in normalizing the expression of AVP V2 and @entity7060 mRNA in the IMCD of @entity7863 was confirmed by in situ hybridization studies. @entity12584 treatments reduced the intensitites of the signals in the IMCD of @entity7863 hamsters to that seen in normal hamsters. This study demonstrated that AVP V2 and @entity7060 mRNA are upregulated in @entity7863 hamsters and these upregulations are attenuated by @entity12584 treatment, suggesting that @entity2232 plays a role in upregulating the expression of AVP V2 mRNA in @entity7863 hamsters.

title: Attenuation of renal vasopressin V2 receptor upregulation by XXXX , an @entity2231 / @entity1627 receptor antagonist.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity12584 :: ('MESH:C086232', 'Chemical') :: ['Bosentan', 'bosentan']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity7863 :: ('MESH:D044542', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathic hamsters', 'CM']

answer: @entity12584 :: (MESH:C086232,Chemical) :: ['bosentan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) can have a significant negative impact on a @entity1 's quality of life. Previous work has demonstrated that temporarily mass loading and stiffening the tympanic membrane significantly reduces these symptoms. This study examined KTP laser myringoplasty (LM) and cartilage tympanoplasty (CT) as a means to manipulate the tympanic membrane to alleviate @entity5274 symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Academic tertiary care referral hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 (n = 20) were identified from the senior authors' (M.B.) specialty @entity5274 clinic. @entity1 met previously established diagnostic criteria for @entity5274 . All @entity1 had a clinically apparent flaccid segment of the eardrum and had symptom improvement after simple mass loading of their eardrum in the clinic. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 in this study received either KTP LM (10 @entity1 , 15 ears) or CT (10 @entity1 , 11 ears) to treat their flaccid eardrum segment in an attempt to alleviate @entity5274 symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative and postoperative questionnaire scores and tympanometry measurements were compared. RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing CT for @entity5274 had a significant reduction in their symptoms of autophony (p  <= 0.001), conducted breath sounds (p = 0.001), and aural fullness (p = 0.009). KTP LM did not significantly reduce symptoms. CONCLUSION: Cartilage tympanoplasty provides a safe and accessible surgical option for the treatment of @entity5274 and significantly reduces the symptoms of autophony, conducted breath sounds, and aural fullness. Further studies are needed to investigate whether addressing @entity5274 symptoms simultaneously from both the tympanic membrane and the eustachian tube orifice can improve @entity1 symptoms even further.

title: Tympanic membrane manipulation to treat symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['PET', 'Patulous eustachian tube', 'eustachian tube disorders']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['patulous eustachian tube']


abstract: The @entity3173 ( @entity3173 ) controls of the outcome of the immune response to T cell-dependent antigens by dictating whether T cell responsiveness will result ( @entity3173 -immune response [Ir]genes) or alternatively T cell nonresponsiveness will occur, possibly through the activation of suppressor cells ( @entity3173 -immune suppression [Is] genes). In @entity19 , I-A molecules typically restrict antigen-specific helper T cells. In contrast, H-2 I-E molecules have been reported to control nonresponsiveness to a variety of antigens through antigen-specific suppressor cells. In analogy, HLA-DR molecules are the dominant restriction elements for helper T cells in @entity1 . This forces the question whether DQ molecules may be involved in controlling nonresponsiveness in @entity1 , e.g. through suppression. In one system, T cell nonresponsiveness to @entity2042 , evidence has been presented supporting this notion. We have now used a second system, @entity4430 -specific T cell nonresponsiveness, that is typically found in @entity1203 @entity1 . We find positive but limited evidence for a role for HLA-DQ molecules in controlling T cell nonresponsiveness to @entity4430 of the 22 nonresponder @entity1 tested, 4 showed a proliferative T cell response to @entity4430 after the addition of DQ- but not DR-specific mAb to the cell cultures. In one of the four BCG nonresponders, anti-DQ mAb had a similar effect.

title: HLA-DQ molecules and the control of @entity4430 -specific T cell nonresponsiveness in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['MHC', 'major histocompatibility complex']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['M. leprae', 'Mycobacterium leprae']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous leprosy']

answer: @entity1203 :: (MESH:D015440,Disease) :: ['lepromatous leprosy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the use of extended-release @entity836 (XR-NTX) during residential rehabilitation, and its effects on early outcomes and rates of follow-up treatment. This study examined @entity1 characteristics and rates of treatment completion and engagement in post-residential care of opioid dependent @entity1 who received XR-NTX during residential rehabilitation, compared with @entity1 who did not receive this medication. METHODS: Electronic records for opioid dependent @entity1 from three @entity10518 and treatment facilities (N   =   7,687) were retrospectively analyzed. We determined the proportion of @entity1 who received XR-NTX (INJ), and compared rates of treatment completion and engagement in follow-up care relative to a naturalistic control group of @entity1 recommended for, but not administered, XR-NTX (Non-INJ). Data on whether the @entity1 initiated follow-up care were available from one site (N   =   3,724). RESULTS: Overall, 598 (7.8%) @entity1 were recommended for XR-NTX and of these, 168 (28.1%) received injections. Compared to non-INJ @entity1 , INJ @entity1 were less likely to leave against medical advice (4.8% vs. 30.2%, p   <   .001) and more likely to initiate follow-up care (37.7% vs. 19.7%, p   <   .001). These differences remained significant after controlling for demographic covariates using regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: XR-NTX was associated with higher rates of residential and early post-residential care engagement in @entity1 with @entity4784 . SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: XR-NTX may be an effective adjunct in the residential treatment and aftercare of @entity1 with @entity4784 . (Am J Addict 2014;XX:XX-XX).

title: Effects of injectable extended-release @entity836 (XR-NTX) for XXXX on residential rehabilitation outcomes and early follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity10518 :: ('MESH:C565043', 'Disease') :: ['Pennsylvania residential detoxification']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid dependence']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity3564 patterns of the femur may ultimately require amputation. Some authors have described the use of mega-endoprostheses as a salvage procedure. This study reports functional outcome, complications, and implant and @entity1 survival after total femoral replacement (TFR) for salvage of @entity3564 of the femur. A prospective database of 20 consecutive @entity1 who underwent TFR for salvage of a @entity3564 was compiled. @entity1 demographics, mobility information, and preoperative and postoperative Short Form 12-item Survey (SF-12) and 1-year Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) data were recorded. @entity260 were obtained from the hospital database and @entity1 medical notes. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up and was excluded from analysis. The study included 8 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 , with a mean age of 68.4 years. No significant difference was noted in the prefracture physical (4.4; P=.13) or mental (0.3; P=.78) component scores of the SF-12 compared with 1-year scores. The TESS at 1 year was 69%. However, @entity1 were more likely to require a walking aid postoperatively (P<.0001). One-fourth of the @entity1 had a postoperative medical complication. In addition, 1 @entity1 had a dislocation and 2 @entity1 had a @entity281 . The implant survival rate was 86% at 10 years; however, the 10-year mortality rate was 58%. Although TFR for salvage of a @entity3564 of the femur offers good functional outcome and implant survival, it is at the expense of @entity260 , and TFR is associated with a high long-term mortality rate.

title: Total femoral replacement for salvage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic infection']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['complex periprosthetic fracture', 'periprosthetic fracture']

answer: @entity3564 :: (MESH:D057068,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic fractures']


abstract: Local @entity221 by 13.56-MHz radiofrequency (RF) capacitive heating was evaluated in 16 @entity1 with @entity1313 . Intracranial heating during operation was performed in 4 @entity1 . RF applicators with a cooling system were placed on the cerebral convexity and medial brain surface with the @entity5 between them. RF power was controlled to maintain the brain temperatures under 40 degrees C. Under this condition, the highest temperature of each @entity5 varied from 44 to 49 degrees C. After heating for about 60 minutes, 2 @entity5 showed regression on computed tomographic (CT) scans. Extracranial heating was performed in 12 @entity1 with @entity463 . RF applicators were placed on the lateral sides of the scalp and applied to diametrically opposite sides of the @entity5 . To avoid the influence of the skull on RF conduction, we performed a bilateral craniectomy slightly larger than the applicator at the initial operation. Heating was performed for approximately 60 minutes at each session and was repeated twice a week for a total of 4 to 10 times in combination with radiation and ACNU chemotherapy. No anesthetic agent was used during heating. Brain temperatures were maintained under 42 degrees C. The scalp under the applicators remained at 28-35 degrees C during heating, and no heat @entity130 was observed after repeated heating. The highest temperatures of the @entity5 or cavity after @entity5 removal were 45-46 degrees C in 3 cases, 43-44 degrees C in 3 cases, 42-43 degrees C in 4 cases, and 40-41 degrees C in 2 cases, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radiofrequency @entity221 for XXXX : preliminary results of clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the scalp']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['malignant brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is closely related to @entity32 and @entity731 in uraemic @entity1 . There is still debate on how to quantify nutritional status in order to achieve the best prediction of mortality and hospitalization. METHODS: Different methods to detect @entity3147 were prospectively investigated for their prognostic impact on mortality and hospitalization of haemodialysis (HD) @entity1 . We compared clinical nutrition scores (body mass index, BMI; subjective global assessment, SGA; @entity32 score, @entity248 ; and nutritional risk screening, @entity13295 ) to lab parameters of protein and lipid metabolism, or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in 90 HD @entity1 . Over a 3-year follow-up, all-cause mortality and hospitalization were evaluated using a Cox regression model. RESULTS: The scores SGA, @entity13295 , @entity248 , serum albumin, prealbumin, @entity69 and BIA were predictive of both mortality and hospitalization. Elevated CRP predicted only a significantly higher mortality. After adjustment for age, gender, dialysis vintage and @entity6 status, the best prognostic parameters for mortality were the clinical nutrition scores, @entity248 -Index > or = 10 [HR 6.25 (2.82-13.87), P < 0.001], @entity13295 [HR 4.24 (1.92-9.38), P < 0.001] and SGA B/C [HR 2.70 (1.14-6.41), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: In HD patients, serum markers of protein metabolism and BIA can be used for evaluation of the nutritional status. However, with regard to mortality and hospitalization risk, the individual clinical nutrition scores are superior compared to lab markers and BIA. To confirm @entity3147 , we propose using clinical nutrition score generally or at least in the case of two @entity3147 (lab, BIA, BMI).

title: Clinical nutrition scores are superior for the prognosis of haemodialysis XXXX compared to lab markers and bioelectrical impedance.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'malnutrition inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'malnutrition-positive parameters']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The generation of large amounts of induced @entity1961 (+) CD25(+) @entity3744 (+) regulatory T (iTreg) cells is of great interest for several immunotherapy applications, therefore a better understanding of signals controlling iTreg differentiation and expansion is required. There is evidence that oxidative metabolism may regulate several key signaling pathways in T cells. This prompted us to investigate the effects of oxygenation on iTreg generation by comparing the effects of atmospheric (21%) or of low (5%) @entity3612 concentrations on the phenotype of bead-stimulated @entity19 splenic @entity1961 (+) T cells from @entity3744 -KI-GFP TCR @entity19 . The production of intracellular reactive @entity26 species was shown to play a major role in the generation of iTregs, a process characterized by increased levels of @entity14075 , @entity2370 and @entity29408 on the committed cells, independently of the level of oxygenation. The suppressive function of iTregs generated either in atmospheric or low @entity26 levels was equivalent. However, greater yields of iTregs were obtained under low oxygenation, resulting from a higher proliferative rate of the committed Tregs and higher levels of @entity3744 , suggesting a better stability of the differentiation process. Higher expression of @entity29408 detected on iTregs generated under @entity519 culture conditions provides likely an explanation for the enhanced proliferation of these cells as compared to those cultured under ambient @entity26 . Such results have important implications for understanding Treg homeostasis and developing in vitro protocols for the generation of Tregs from na  ve T lymphocytes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX culture conditions enhance the generation of regulatory T cells.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Swimming in indoor pools treated with combined chemical treatments (e.g. @entity1787 ) may reduce direct exposure to disinfection byproducts and thus have less negative effects on respiratory function compared to chlorinated pools. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of a short-term training intervention on respiratory function and lung epithelial damage in adults exercising in indoor swimming pool waters treated with different disinfection methods ( @entity3878 vs. @entity1787 with @entity5497 ). METHODS: Lung permeability biomakers [ @entity9914 ( @entity9914 ) and Clara cell secretory protein ( @entity10974 ) in plasma] and forced expiratory volumes and flow (FEV1, FVC and FEF25-75) were measured in 39 healthy adults. Thirteen @entity1 swam during 20 sessions in a @entity61071 ( @entity61071 ), 13 performed and equivolumic intervention in an @entity1787 pool (OP) and 13 were included in a control group (CG) without exposition. RESULTS: Median plasma @entity10974 levels increased in @entity61071 swimmers (4.27    3.29 and 6.62    5.51   g/L, p=0.01, pre and post intervention respectively) while no significant changes in OP and CG @entity1 were found. No significant changes in median plasma @entity9914 levels were found in any of the groups after the training period. FVC increased in OP (4.26    0.86 and 4.43    0.92 L, p<0.01) and @entity61071 swimmers (4.25    0.86 and 4.35    0.85 L, p<0.01). FEV1 only increased in OP swimmers (3.50    0.65 and 3.59    0.67, p=0.02) and FEF25-75 decreased in @entity61071 swimmers (3.70    0.87 and 3.37    0.67, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Despite lung function being similar in both groups, a higher lung permeability in @entity61071 compared to OP swimmers was found after a short-term swimming program. Combined chemical treatments for swimming pools such as @entity1787 seem to have less impact on lung epithelial of swimmers compared to chlorinated treated pools.

title: Respiratory function and changes in lung epithelium biomarkers after a short-training intervention in chlorinated vs. XXXX indoor pools.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity9914 :: ('6441', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant protein D', 'SP-D']

entities_list: @entity61071 :: ('MESH:D054506', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chlorinated pool']

answer: @entity1787 :: (MESH:D010126,Chemical) :: ['ozone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND Among all spinal therapies, treatment of the cervical segment is the most difficult. The cervical segment is particularly sensitive to injuries and @entity158 , and it also requires special care due to its great mobility and most delicate construction. The aim of this research was to evaluate analgesic efficacy and improvement of active mobility of the cervical spine after traction therapy with the Saunders device and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) immediately after therapy, and in short-, medium-, and long-term follow-up in @entity1 with @entity4720 . MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 174 @entity1 (114 @entity1 and 60 @entity1 ) aged 24-67 years. The @entity1 were divided into two randomized groups. In group I (88 subjects) traction therapy with the Saunders device was applied, and in group II (86 subjects) HILT was applied. The measurement of the range of cervical spine movement, a subjective visual scale for @entity158 (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]), and the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) questionnaire were used. RESULTS The results obtained by the Saunders and HILT methods were similar immediately after the therapy and after 4 weeks (the medium-term follow-up). However, in long-term follow-up, there was a significant increase in the maintenance of positive therapeutic effects with the HILT method. CONCLUSIONS Both therapeutic methods improved the efficiency and demonstrated analgesic efficacy in @entity1 with @entity4720 immediately and in the medium term after the therapy. HILT was more effective than the Saunders method in long-term follow-up.

title: The Effectiveness of XXXX Therapy with Saunders Traction Device and High-Intensity Laser Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index-Polish Version', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity4720 :: (MESH:D055009,Disease) :: ['Cervical Spondylosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1468 is associated with @entity5642 of prostacyclin, a vasodilator, and excessive production of @entity2871 , a platelet-derived vasoconstrictor and stimulant of @entity1423 . These observations led to the hypotheses that antiplatelet agents, low-dose @entity117 in particular, might prevent or delay the development of @entity1468 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of antiplatelet agents when given to @entity1 at risk of developing @entity1468 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (September 2003), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2003), EMBASE (1994 to 2003) and we handsearched the congress proceedings of the International and European Societies for the Study of @entity101 in Pregnancy. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials comparing antiplatelet agents with either placebo or no antiplatelet agent during pregnancy. Quasi-random study designs were excluded. @entity1 were pregnant @entity1 considered to be at risk of developing @entity1468 . Interventions were any comparisons of an antiplatelet agent (such as low-dose @entity117 or @entity4341 ) with either placebo or no antiplatelet agent. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers assessed trials for inclusion in the review and extracted data. We entered data into the Review Manager software and double checked. MAIN RESULTS: Fifty-one trials involving 36,500 @entity1 are included in this review. There is a 19% reduction in the risk of @entity1468 associated with the use of antiplatelet agents ((43 trials, 33,439 @entity1 ; relative risk (RR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75 to 0.88); number needed to treat (NNT) 69 (51, 109)).Twenty-eight trials (31,845 @entity1 ) reported @entity600 . There is a small (7%) reduction in the risk of delivery before 37 completed weeks ((RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98); NNT 83 (50, 238)). Fetal or neonatal deaths were reported in 38 trials (34,010 @entity1 ). Overall there is a 16% reduction in baby deaths in the antiplatelet group (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.96); NNT 227 (128, 909)). Small-for-gestational age babies were reported in 32 trials (24,310 @entity1 ), with an 8% reduction in risk (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.00). There were no significant differences between treatment and control groups in any other measures of outcome. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Antiplatelet agents, in this review largely low-dose @entity117 , have small-moderate benefits when used for prevention of @entity1468 . Further information is required to assess which @entity1 are most likely to benefit, when treatment is best started, and at what dose.

title: Antiplatelet agents for preventing XXXX and its complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['deficient intravascular production']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'Pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single oral dose of @entity3402 with a 24-h protocol of @entity3402 administration in local buccal onlay grafting procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective randomized study in 124 @entity1 was performed. Eligible @entity1 were randomized to receive antibiotic prophylaxis either as a single dose (group I) or over a 24-h period (group II). In both groups prophylaxis started with an oral dose of 600 mg @entity3402 1 h before surgery, followed by either placebo or 300 mg @entity3402 every 6 h. The primary endpoint of this study was wound infection at the receptor site within 8 weeks after surgery. Secondary outcome measurements included @entity86 at the donor site and adverse events as a result of antibiotic administration. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 35.9+/-10.1 years (range 18-59 years). Infections at the receptor site were seen in two @entity1 (3.2%, 95% CI 0-7.6%) of the single-dose group and in three @entity1 (4.8%, 95% CI 0-10.1%) of the 24-h group. Infection at the donor site occurred in four @entity1 (6.4%, 95% CI 0-12.5%) of the single-dose group and in two @entity1 (3.2%, 95% CI 0-7.6%) of the 24-h group. @entity86 were predominantly caused by alpha-hemolytic streptococci sensitive to @entity114 . CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant difference was found between the prophylactic single dose of @entity3402 and the 24-h regimen of @entity3402 with regard to @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing local bone augmentation procedures.

title: A randomized prospective controlled trial of antibiotic prophylaxis in intraoral bone grafting procedures: single-dose @entity3402 versus 24-hour XXXX prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'Postoperative infections', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3402 :: (MESH:D002981,Chemical) :: ['clindamycin']


abstract: We describe 261 @entity1897 sustained in war by 100 consecutive service @entity1 and @entity1 injured in Iraq and Afghanistan. Their mean age was 26.5 years (18.1 to 42.6), the median interval between injury and first review was 4.2 months (mean 8.4 months (0.36 to 48.49)) and median follow-up was 28.4 months (mean 20.5 months (1.3 to 64.2)). The nerve lesions were predominantly focal prolonged conduction block/neurapraxia in 116  (45%), axonotmesis in 92 (35%) and neurotmesis in 53 (20%) and were evenly distributed between the upper and the lower limbs. Explosions accounted for 164 (63%): 213  (82%) nerve @entity130 were associated with open wounds. Two or more main nerves were injured in 70 @entity1 . The ulnar, common peroneal and tibial nerves were most commonly injured. In 69 @entity1 there was a @entity1317 , @entity174 , or both at the level of the @entity66 . Major tissue loss was present in 50 @entity1 : amputation of at least one limb was needed in 18. A total of 36 @entity1 continued in severe @entity9 . This paper outlines the methods used in the assessment of these @entity130 and provides information about the depth and distribution of the nerve lesions, their associated @entity130 and @entity9 syndromes.

title: Nerve XXXX sustained during warfare: part I--Epidemiology.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nerve lesion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: During the period of 1980 to 1986, 49 total abdominal colectomies were performed at the authors' institution for @entity360 . The overall mortality was 13 of 49 (27%). In the elective/urgent group, mortality was one of 14 (7%); in the emergency with ileostomy group it was two of two (100%); and in the emergency with @entity254 group it was ten of 33 (30%). Morbidity and mortality in this latter group were affected by age [mortality three of 15 (21%) for age less than 70 vs seven of 18 (37%) for age greater than or equal to 70] and the number of units of blood needed preoperatively and intraoperatively. There was no effect on outcome from type of @entity254 (stapled vs hand-sewn), choice of antibiotics, degree of underlying illness, or day of operation following admission. Thirteen @entity1 had less than 10 units of blood transfused; one (7%) died and there was one complication. Conversely, 20 @entity1 had ten or more blood transfusions and nine (45%) died (P = 0.05 vs former group). This latter group also had 16 major complications, including five @entity834 , three @entity6177 , and three @entity583 . Total abdominal colectomy when done as an emergency for @entity548 is associated with excessive morbidity and mortality rates. An important factor contributing to morbidity and mortality that may be controllable is the amount of @entity190 . Should total abdominal colectomy be the surgeon's operation of choice, it should be performed prior to 10 units of blood being needed. If this limit is passed, strong consideration should be given to performance of an ileostomy.

title: Morbidity and mortality following total abdominal colectomy for massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['colonic hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['lower gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: For 1378 @entity1 treated in the 11 years 1988-1998 by conventional excision of 1635 @entity1491 , 1516 first index lesions were histologically completely excised. All @entity1 having more than one BCC excised were identified from the data base from 1988 to 2003 to give minimum 5 years follow for last treated primary lesions in 1998. Measured clearance margins around the initial lesions at or near sites of presumptive recurrent lesions were noted and the lesions recorded photographically. All @entity75 whether or not re-excised were excluded. The median age for all @entity1 was 70 years. Over minimum 5 years follow up, six @entity1 developed nine subsequent lesions contiguous with the scar or graft repair of primary index lesion excision site (probable recurrences). The median interval to recurrence was 41 months (4 months-8 years 10 months), with median lateral clearance margin around the primary @entity5 of 2 mm (0.3-6.8 mm). A further nine @entity1 developed 11 new lesions near (within 1cm of) the scar or graft of primary index lesion excision site (possible recurrences). The median interval to recurrence was 59 months (1 year-8 years 6 months). The median lateral clearance margin around the primary @entity5 was 4.1 mm (0.8-5.8 mm). For the two groups combined the maximum recurrence rate expressed as a percentage of index lesions was 1.3% (20/1516). Two thirds of possible and probable recurrences occurred in the temple and forehead, although these sites represented only 22% of all lesions, which may rather suggest new lesions in an area of field change as opposed to @entity66 . The measured clearance margins reported here perhaps suggest that some @entity75 may well have been completely excised primarily and many 'recurrences' were new primaries. These figures indicate there is a low order of probability for the incidence of recurrent @entity1491 during minimum 5 years follow period after conventional surgical excision and conventional histological assessment of @entity5 resection margins.

title: Do XXXX recur after complete conventional surgical excision?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['incompletely excised lesions', 'original lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinomas']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity22835 gene are often associated with a misrouting of retinal @entity4494 cell axons at the optic chiasm. In albinos, @entity22835 activity is lost and some @entity4494 cell axons that would normally project into the ipsilateral optic tract instead cross midline and project into the contralateral tract. The developmental mechanisms that cause this modification in neuronal connectivity are unknown. In this study, we screened six diverse strains of albino @entity19 (strains 129, A, AKR, BALB/c, @entity2659 ) to discover genetically determined variations and possible gene loci that might affect the severity of the albino decussation abnormality. Ganglion cells were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase, and the ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting cells were counted. The average number of ipsilaterally projecting @entity4494 cells in the six albino strains varies from 1,000 to 1,300. Despite this variation, 1.8-1.9% of the total population projects ipsilaterally in each strain. In comparison, 2.8% project ipsilaterally in the pigmented strain, C57BL/6(-)+/+. However, the percentage of displaced, ipsilaterally projecting cells varies substantially among albino strains--from a low of 4% in strain CD-1 to a high of nearly 10% in C57BL/6-c/c. We conclude that even with large differences in genetic background and in absolute numbers of @entity4494 cells, there is no appreciable variation in the magnitude of decussation error among albino @entity19 . The consistent effect of null alleles at @entity22835 suggests a comparably tight linkage between the biochemical activity of this enzyme and the mechanisms that control decussation phenotype.

title: Genetic control of retinal projections in inbred strains of albino XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In 62 untreated @entity1 with essential @entity101 , @entity432 ( @entity4375 ) for heart rate, i.e. the change in pulse interval in response to a @entity2647 -induced @entity101 , was compared with (1) haemodynamic changes during mental arithmetic, a reaction time test, isometric and bicycle exercise; (2) plasma @entity1063 (PNA) concentrations at rest, and during bicycle exercise and; (3) the variability of @entity551 . Subjects with diminished @entity4375 showed the following responses: (1) higher mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during all four stimuli; (2) a greater pressor response to cycling; (3) tended to have higher PNA concentrations during bicycle exercise and; (4) greater variation in ambulatory blood pressure. Furthermore, an increased pressor response to the reaction time test and increased ambulatory blood pressure variability was seen in younger subjects with reduced @entity4375 . When subjects were subgrouped according to their WHO stage of @entity101 , there were significant inverse relationships between @entity4375 and the pressor responses to mental arithmetic, the reaction time test and cycling, and with ambulatory blood pressure variability only in those subjects without ECG or radiographic evidence of @entity1002 (WHO stage I @entity101 ; n = 42). None of these correlations were present in subjects with one or both of these clinical findings (WHO stage II; n = 20). Pressor responses to the four laboratory stimuli and ambulatory blood pressure variability were similar in both groups, despite significantly higher arterial pressure and significantly lower @entity4375 in WHO stage II subjects. These results suggest that differing mechanisms may be responsible for the regulation of blood pressure variation in these two groups. The arterial baroreflex can buffer acute changes in blood pressure in subjects with WHO stage I @entity101 , but this ability is attenuated with progressive reduction of @entity4375 . With the development of clinically evident cardiac adaptation to @entity101 (WHO stage II), the contribution of the arterial baroreflex to the regulation of blood pressure is no longer detectable and the influence of cardiac and somatic afferents to reflex circulatory adjustments to activity may predominate.

title: Consequences of impaired arterial baroreflexes in essential XXXX : effects on pressor responses, plasma @entity1063 and blood pressure variability.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increase in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial baroreflex sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular enlargement']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous retrospective study indicated that patch testing is cost-effective and well accepted by @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this observational prospective study was to show the cost-effectiveness of patch testing in @entity1 suspected of @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ) and to determine the order in which different severity groups rank in terms of cost-effectiveness. METHODS: This observational study was conducted in 567 @entity1 from 10 investigator sites over a period of 1 year. All @entity1 with a suspicion of contact @entity566 who exhibited at least moderate disease activity were included in the study and were stratified according to disease severity and whether or not they were patch tested. In each severity category, the cost-effectiveness of patch testing was evaluated. @entity1 who were ruled out for contact @entity566 by the first 6 months after admission were excluded. A validated dermatology-specific quality of life instrument was administered to all the @entity1 at entrance into the study and at 6 and 12 months after that. The cost-effectiveness analysis is shown using a decision analysis model. RESULTS: Patch testing was performed on 22% of @entity1 with mild disease, 41% of @entity1 with moderate disease, and 50% of @entity1 with severe disease. As a result of changes made in their lifestyle, 66% in the patch-tested group and 51% in the non-patch-tested group reported 75% or more improvement in disease symptoms after 6 months. Early confirmation of diagnosis helped reduce the prediagnosis costs of treatment, which was mostly based on preliminary diagnosis. The greatest quality of life benefits from patch testing, relative to no patch testing, occurred in subjects with recurrent or chronic @entity3408 . CONCLUSION: Patch testing is most cost-effective and reduces the cost of therapy in @entity1 with severe @entity3408 .

title: An economic evaluation of patch testing in the diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'allergic contact dermatitis']

answer: @entity3408 :: (MESH:D017449,Disease) :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate access to surgical care for @entity1204 in Arizona. METHODS: The Arizona HealthQuery (AZHQ) data warehouse with claims information on over 7 million @entity1 in Arizona was searched using the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) codes and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for @entity1204 surgery from 2005 to 2008. Coordinates were gathered for @entity1 and hospital to determine the distance traveled, race, insurance and annual caseload per hospital/surgeon were collected. Distance traveled was local (< 50 miles) or distant (>=  50 miles) and served as the primary independent variable. Secondary variables included age, race, insurance, surgeon annual volume, and hospital annual volume. Logistic regression for distance traveled was performed for insurance coverage, race, hospital volume, and surgeon volume and expressed as an odds ratio. RESULTS: There were 1532 @entity1204 surgeries performed at 67 hospitals by 242 surgeons in 15 counties. Most (61%) were performed by high-volume surgeons. Approximately 1 in 5 (19%) of @entity1 traveled greater than 50 miles. Medicare insured @entity1 were twice (OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.38-3.13) and Medicaid @entity1 were three times (OR=3.41, 95% CI=1.89-6.15) as likely to travel over 50 miles. No significant difference was found between uninsured and privately insured @entity1 (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.45-1.68). @entity1 were more likely to travel to a high volume facility (OR 2.39, 95% CI=1.26-4.51). Hispanics (OR=2.72, 95% CI=1.72-4.32) and Native Americans (OR=8.60, 95% CI=3.43-21.52) were more likely to travel compared to Caucasians. CONCLUSION: In Arizona significantly different patterns of care are seen for @entity1204 surgery based upon insurance coverage, race, surgeon and hospital. @entity1 travel farther to a high-volume hospital and high-volume surgeon. Hispanics or Native Americans travel farther for care when compared with Caucasians. @entity1 on government funded insurance plans travel farther for care than @entity1 covered by private insurance or those lacking insurance.

title: XXXX surgery in Arizona: a statewide analysis of access to care.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) remains a major public concern. While conventional chemotherapeutic regimens have proved useful against advanced/metastatic diseases, progresses are to be made to effectively cure the large portion of @entity1 not benefiting from these treatments. One direction to improve response rates is to develop chemosensitivity and resistance assays (CSRAs) efficiently assisting clinicians in treatment selection process, an already long preoccupation of oncologists and researchers. Several methods have been described to this day, none achieving yet sufficient reliability for recommended use in the clinical routine. METHODS: We led a pilot study on 19 metastatic @entity14 @entity1 evaluating capacity of the Oncogramme, a standardized process using @entity5 ex vivo models, to provide chemosensitivity profiles and predict clinical outcome of @entity1 receiving standard @entity14 chemotherapeutics. Oncogramme responses were categorized according to the method of percentiles to assess sensitivity, specificity and concordance. RESULTS: We report from a primary analysis a success rate of 97.4  %, a very good sensitivity (84.6  %), a below-average specificity (33.3  %), along with a global agreement of 63.6  % and a concordance between Oncogramme results and @entity1 ' responses (Kappa coefficient) of 0.193. A supplementary analysis, focusing on @entity14 @entity1 with no treatment switch over a longer time course, demonstrated improvement in specificity and concordance. CONCLUSIONS: Results establish feasibility and usefulness of the Oncogramme, prelude to a larger-scale trial. Advantages and drawbacks of the procedure are discussed, as well as the place of CSRAs within the future arsenal of methods available to clinicians to individualize treatments and improve @entity1 prognosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov database, registration number: NCT02305368.

title: Chemotherapy outcome predictive effectiveness by the Oncogramme: pilot trial on stage-IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The objective of a @entity4064 clinic developed at the Jewish Home and Hospital for Aged was to improve the visual capabilities of the residents who were not helped by the regular eye clinics. Eighty-three @entity1 (72 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) were examined the first year. Ages ranged from 71 to 101 years. The causes of poor vision were mainly senile macular degeneration, @entity231 formation, chronic @entity726 , severe @entity1714 , @entity4118 , and combinations of these diseases. Vision ranged from 10/50 at 10 feet (20/100 at 20 feet) in the better eye, to only the ability to distinguish hand movements or to perceive light. With the use of visual aids such as distance or reading glasses and various forms of magnifying glasses, some improvement occurred in 61 of the 83 @entity1 . The follow-up examination was within one year in most cases. It was concluded that in order to examine and treat such @entity1 properly, much more time and patience were required than is usually possible in a regular eye clinic. This involved the help of more social workers and volunteer assistants. Nevertheless, the results were worthwhile for this type of @entity1 .

title: A XXXX clinic at a home for the aged.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity4064 :: (MESH:D015354,Disease) :: ['low-vision']


abstract: The expression of @entity23376 ( @entity23376 ) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was studied in 22 @entity977 and 2 normal anterior @entity4611 . Northern blot analysis revealed that @entity23376 mRNA were expressed in all 14 GH-producing @entity652 , 1 of 3 ACTH-producing @entity652 , the 1 PRL-producing @entity652 , 2 of 4 nonfunctioning @entity652 , and the 2 normal anterior @entity4611 . Their expression levels varied among GH-producing @entity652 and were relatively low in GH-nonproducing @entity652 . In addition to the major transcript with a molecular mass of 2.0 kilobases (kb), the transcripts were identified at 2.8 and 4.5 kb in some GH-producing @entity652 . To examine the structural variations in @entity23376 mRNA in @entity977 , we amplified the complementary DNA fragment encompassing the region from the third cytoplasmic loop to the sixth transmembrane domain of @entity23376 . This region was selected because this region of the G protein-coupled receptor has been known to interact with G protein. Two amplified fragments with the molecular masses of 250 and 810 base pairs were identified by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. The @entity377 sequence of a smaller fragment, which was the expected size, revealed that no mutations were found in this region in 10 GH-producing @entity652 examined. However, a larger fragment contained the currently unidentified insertion. Compared with the genomic DNA sequence, this insertion was found to be generated through alternative splicing. In addition, this variant form contained the premature stop codon in-frame, indicating that it encodes the truncated @entity23376 . This insertion-specific probe could hybridize with 2.8- and 4.5-kb species of @entity23376 mRNA on Northern blot analysis, and these transcripts were expressed mainly in GH-producing @entity652 . Finally, study of cell transfection and @entity268 measurement revealed that this truncated @entity23376 was unable to transmit @entity7704 signals. These results suggest that some GH-producing @entity652 preferentially express the truncated @entity23376 as a nonfunctioning receptor through alternative splicing.

title: Identification of alternatively spliced messenger ribonucleic acid encoding truncated @entity23376 in human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitaries']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: We used hepatic @entity3 models to determine the mechanism and effect of @entity7305 . BALB/c @entity19 and Colon 26 cells were used. Group I was injected with @entity5 cells through the portal vein. Group II was primed with @entity5 cells before @entity5 cells injecting. Group III was same as Group II, but treated with @entity7305 . Surface antigens of intrahepatic lymphocytes and spleen cells were determined by FACScan with Anti- @entity5168 , anti- @entity1961 , anti-CD8, anti- @entity8236 , anti- @entity11386 and anti- @entity11496 . Nodules on the liver were greatest in Group I and fewest in Group III. Concerning intrahepatic lymphocytes, Group II, when compared with Group I, had increases of @entity5168 +, @entity1961 + and CD8+ cells, and decreases of @entity8236 + and @entity11386 + cells. Group III when compared with Group II, showed increased CD8+ cells and decreased of @entity11386 + cells. @entity7305 is considered to be effective in the prevention of liver @entity3 and is suggeste to enhanced CD8+ cells.

title: Intrahepatic lymphocyte analyses and assessment of the effects of @entity7305 in @entity19 hepatic XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['Levamisole', 'levamisole']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent reports have indicated the benefit of anesthesia during prostate biopsy. To assess this finding objectively we performed a prospective randomized double-blind study to compare @entity1 @entity158 with and without local anesthesia during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 2000 and March 2001, 108 @entity1 undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate were randomized in double-blind fashion to receive intrarectal 2% @entity3303 gel or intrarectal lubricant alone. No @entity1 received pre-procedure narcotics or sedation. @entity158 associated with biopsy was determined using a horizontal linear visual analog @entity158 scale. @entity158 scores in the 2 treatment groups were compared and possible predictors of @entity158 were examined. RESULTS: The 2 groups were similar in demographic characteristics. There was no significant difference in @entity158 score in the 2% @entity3303 and lubricant alone groups (28.3 versus 28.9 mm., p = 0.88). Previous biopsy, time since previous biopsy, physician, number of biopsies and prostate volume did not correlate with @entity158 score, while age correlated negatively with the score (r = -0.27, p = 0.005). A single complication involving a vasovagal episode resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Intrarectal @entity3303 gel provides no significant therapeutic or analgesic benefit compared with lubricant alone for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate. In younger @entity1 more discomfort is associated with this procedure.

title: Intrarectal XXXX during transrectal prostate biopsy: results of a prospective double-blind randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: For the first 98.5% of mankind's existence, prehistoric @entity1 all ate low- @entity1372 high- @entity972 , low-fat diets. With evolutionary forces working all this while, @entity1 became very well adapted to the low- @entity1372 , high- @entity972 , low-fat diet. In modern times, @entity1 has deserted his ancient cuisine and now favours a high- @entity1372 , low- @entity972 , high-fat diet, which has produced several 'diseases of civilization', including @entity101 . Many studies indicate that a 'normal'- @entity972 diet encourages arterial thickening and lesions in @entity101 arteries and kidneys, whereas a high- @entity972 diet can prevent many of these arterial and @entity8 , even though the blood pressure remains equally @entity101 . The high- @entity972 diet also tends to retard the development of @entity101 . In susceptible @entity1 and @entity35 , a high- @entity1219 diet leads to @entity101 . This susceptibility is probably brought about by kidneys that have a sluggish @entity1372 excretion in response to a @entity1219 load. This type of kidney combined with a high- @entity1219 diet tends to produce @entity1219 retention. Evidence is presented that this @entity1219 signal may be perceived by structures in the wall of the third brain ventricle. In susceptible @entity1 or @entity35 , this can lead to a @entity101 rise in blood pressure, which over time can become partially irreversible, even though a low- @entity1219 diet is reinstituted.

title: The Volhard lecture. XXXX and @entity1372 in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'humans', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While retrospective analyses support an association between early @entity5 recurrence and @entity5 suppressor gene promoter methylation in early-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), few studies have investigated this question prospectively. METHODS: Primary @entity5 tissue from @entity1 with resected pathologic stage I to IIIA @entity1149 was collected at the time of surgery and analyzed for promoter methylation via methylation-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (MethyLight). The primary objective was to determine an association between promoter methylation of 10 individual @entity5 suppressor genes ( @entity986 , @entity20197 , @entity15893 , APC, @entity8724 , @entity4191 , @entity2529 , @entity21124 , @entity5740 , and @entity61829 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), with the secondary objectives of determining association with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and relation to clinical or pathologic features. RESULTS: A total of 107 @entity1 had sufficient @entity5 tissue for successful promoter methylation analysis. Majority of @entity1 were former/current smokers (88%) with @entity2220 (78%) and pathologic stage I disease (62%). Median follow-up was 4 years. When controlled for pathologic stage, promoter methylation of the individual genes @entity986 , @entity20197 , @entity15893 , APC, @entity8724 , @entity4191 , @entity2529 , @entity21124 , and @entity61829 was not associated with @entity1349 . Promoter methylation of the same genes was not associated with @entity1349 except for @entity2529 which was associated with improved @entity1349 (p = 0.03). The total number of genes with methylated promoters did not correlate with @entity1349 (p = 0.89) or @entity1349 (p = 0.55). CONCLUSION: Contrary to data established by previous retrospective series, @entity5 suppressor gene promoter methylation ( @entity986 , @entity20197 , @entity15893 , APC, @entity8724 , @entity4191 , @entity2529 , @entity21124 , and @entity61829 ) was not prognostic for early @entity5 recurrence in this prospective study of resected @entity1149 .

title: A prospective study of XXXX suppressor gene methylation as a prognostic biomarker in surgically resected stage I to IIIA @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancers', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of the nonuse of antimicrobial prophylaxis ( @entity860 ) on the incidence of @entity166 after clean category minimally invasive surgery for @entity703 . METHODS: We evaluated 415 consecutive @entity1 who underwent gasless laparoendoscopic single-port surgery (GasLESS) for @entity703 between 2006 and 2010. Forty-two @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity6 , coexisting @entity281 , or opening of the urinary tract during partial nephrectomy were excluded from this study. The remaining 373 @entity1 underwent radical nephrectomy (n = 187), partial nephrectomy (n = 103), or adrenalectomy (n = 83) without @entity860 . Perioperative @entity281 were categorized into superficial @entity281 ( @entity281 ), deep @entity281 , and @entity281 ( @entity281 ) and graded using an established 5-grade modification of the original Clavien-Dindo classification system. We investigated the association between the incidence of @entity166 and clinical or perioperative factors. RESULTS: Infectious complications occurred in 16 cases (4.3%), including 4 superficial SSIs (1.1%), 2 deep SSIs (0.5%), and 10 RIs (2.7%). Neither superficial @entity281 nor deep @entity281 was significantly associated with any clinical or perioperative factors. The incidence of @entity281 , however, was associated with longer operative time and higher National @entity580 Surveillance (NNIS) risk index. All perioperative @entity281 were successfully treated with antibiotics without surgical interventions. No @entity166 equal to or greater than grade IIIa occurred. CONCLUSION: The nonuse of @entity860 and the on-demand use of antibiotics seem to be sufficient for perioperative infectious management in clean category minimally invasive surgery for @entity703 .

title: Antimicrobial prophylaxis is not necessary in clean category minimally invasive surgery for @entity703 : a prospective study of 373 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'remote infection', 'infections', 'surgical site infection', 'SSI', 'RI']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial Infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal and adrenal tumors', 'renal or adrenal tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity4562 ( @entity4562 , Iressa; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE), a novel @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitor, in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was an open-label, single-center phase II trial. Fifty-seven @entity1 with first recurrence of a @entity463 who were previously treated with surgical resection, radiation, and usually chemotherapy underwent an open biopsy or resection at evaluation for confirmation of @entity5 recurrence. Each @entity1 initially received 500 mg of @entity4562 orally once daily; dose escalation to 750 mg then 1,000 mg, if a @entity1 received enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs or @entity619 , was allowed within each @entity1 . RESULTS: Although no objective @entity5 responses were seen among the 53 assessable @entity1 , only 21% of @entity1 (11 of 53 @entity1 ) had measurable disease at treatment initiation. Seventeen percent of @entity1 (nine of 53 @entity1 ) underwent at least six 4-week cycles, and the 6-month event-free survival (EFS) was 13% (seven of 53 @entity1 ). The median EFS time was 8.1 weeks, and the median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) time from treatment initiation was 39.4 weeks. Adverse events were generally mild (grade 1 or 2) and consisted mainly of skin reactions and @entity294 . Drug-related @entity137 were more frequent at higher doses. Withdrawal caused by drug-related adverse events occurred in 6% of @entity1 (three of 53 @entity1 ). Although the presence of @entity294 positively predicted favorable @entity1349 from treatment initiation, @entity470 expression did not correlate with either EFS or @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: @entity4562 is well tolerated and has activity in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . Further study of this agent at higher doses is warranted.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX in recurrent @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['Gefitinib', 'gefitinib', 'ZD1839']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) significantly affects the prognosis and treatment of pediatric @entity1 with @entity2946 or @entity6196 ( @entity6196 ). Examination of @entity2841 for malignant cells, detection of @entity66 on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or both are the methods routinely used to diagnose @entity66 . A recent study suggested 100% correlation between @entity2841 and MRI findings in @entity1 with @entity2946 . To determine the validity of this hypothesis, we compared the rate of detection of @entity66 between concurrent lumbar @entity2841 cytology and spinal MRI performed at diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity2946 or @entity6196 . @entity1 AND METHODS: As a part of diagnostic staging, 106 consecutive @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity2946 or @entity6196 were evaluated with concurrent lumbar @entity2841 cytology and spinal MRI. @entity2841 cytology was examined for the presence of malignant cells and spinal MRI was reviewed independently for the presence of @entity66 . RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 (32%) were diagnosed with @entity66 based on @entity2841 cytology, spinal MRI, or both. There were 21 discordant results. Nine @entity1 (8.5%) with positive MRI had negative @entity2841 cytology. Twelve @entity1 (11.3%) with positive @entity2841 cytology had negative MRIs. The exact 95% upper bounds on the proportion of @entity1 with @entity66 whose disease would have gone undetected using either @entity2841 cytology or MRI as the only diagnostic modality were calculated at 14.4% and 17.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: With the use of either @entity2841 cytology or spinal MRI alone, @entity66 would be missed in up to 14% to 18% of @entity1 with @entity2946 or @entity6196 . Thus, both @entity2841 cytology and spinal MRI should routinely be used to diagnose @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity2946 or @entity6196 .

title: Comparison of @entity2841 cytology and spinal magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of @entity66 in XXXX or @entity6196 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['primitive neuroectodermal tumor', 'PNET']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['LMD', 'Leptomeningeal disease']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['pediatric medulloblastoma']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Relatively high morbidity rates remain problematic in hepatic resection for @entity5 . Technological innovations coupled with surgical expertise can ameliorate morbidity and mortality rates. DESIGN: Medical records survey. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. @entity1 : Five hundred one @entity1 underwent liver resection at our hospital from @entity3490 , 1988, through November 30, 1999. Three hundred twenty-one @entity1 (64.1%) had @entity189 , whereas 180 (35.9%) had metastatic disease, mainly @entity14 (83.3%). Morbidity and mortality rates were compared with those of a previous series in the same setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Special attention was paid to the impact of new technology (eg, newer imaging techniques, ultrasonic aspiration, intraoperative ultrasonography, argon beam coagulation, and autotransfusion) and improved anesthetic and surgical management on mortality and morbidity rates. RESULTS: Five @entity1 died after liver resection and 93 @entity1 had various complications, representing mortality and morbidity rates of 1.0% and 18.6%, respectively. These results compare favorably with the results of a previous unpublished series (mortality, 5/55 [9.1%]; morbidity, 28/55 [50.9%]). Intraoperative ultrasonography resulted in a change in operative strategy in 7 (17.5%) of a recent group of 40 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity after major hepatic resection for @entity5 can be reduced considerably by applying newer technologies to preoperative and intraoperative decision making. Advanced technology also assists in reducing intraoperative risk by minimizing bleeding during resection of the @entity99 .

title: The impact of new technology on hepatic resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal secondary disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic parenchyma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 11, and 12 was used to evaluate multiple 18-gauge needle biopsy cores from 50 randomly selected radical prostatectomy specimens. FISH analysis detected 26 diploid (52%), 7 tetraploid (14%), and 17 @entity5 (34%). The FISH results were concordant with flow cytometric (FCM) DNA content measurements of the corresponding prostatectomy specimens for 31 @entity5 . For the 19 FISH/FCM discordant @entity5 , FISH was more sensitive than FCM for detecting @entity154 . Common numerical chromosome alterations were gains of chromosomes 7 and 8, which were found in 13 (76%) and 10 (59%) @entity5 , respectively. Gain of chromosome 7 was strongly associated with higher Gleason score (> or = 8) (P < 0.0001) and with advanced @entity5 pathological stages (stages T3 + T4; P < 0.01). @entity1017 also correlated with higher Gleason score (P < 0.01). FISH showed intratumoral ploidy heterogeneity in 3 of 41 (7%) studied @entity5 . Among 17 noncancerous adjacent tissue specimens, chromosome alterations were observed in one, which contained high-grade @entity5436 . Combined FISH and fluorescent leukocyte common antigen staining showed that infiltrating leukocytes do not contribute to the observed gains of chromosomes 7 and 8 in @entity263 tissue. These results demonstrate that (a) FISH analysis of prostate needle biopsy-sized specimens can be a practical, sensitive method for determination of nuclear ploidy and numerical chromosome alterations; and (b) gains of chromosomes 7 and 8 are common numerical alterations of @entity263 cells and may be potential markers of @entity5 behavior and @entity1 prognosis.

title: Potential markers of XXXX aggressiveness detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in needle biopsies.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['ploidy anomalies']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Gain of chromosome 8']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The differentiation of @entity712 from pulmonary cause of @entity1353 is of extreme importance in @entity1 presenting with acute @entity1353 . It seems that the use of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) can speed up the diagnostic process significantly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 79 @entity1 (46 @entity1 - 58.2%, average 71.9, range 43-92; 33 @entity1 - 41.8%, average 75.5, range 51-93). In each of them we measured @entity3876 concentrations by means of rapid fluorescent immunoassay. RESULTS: We divided the @entity1 according to @entity3876 results into two groups: @entity3876 positive and @entity3876 negative. There were 28 @entity3876 negative @entity1 -35.40% (13 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ). @entity3876 positive @entity1 (51) were divided into NYHA I-IV groups in accordance with @entity3876 results. CONCLUSION: The rapid, highly sensitive and specific measurement of @entity3876 concentrations in the @entity1 with @entity1353 can significantly help to differentiate the cardiac and pulmonary causes of @entity1353 (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 24).

title: Brain natriuretic peptide ( @entity3876 ) in differential diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath', 'dyspnea']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) is a herbal extract that enhances @entity33 . It has therapeutic potential in the management of external @entity548 and controlling @entity360 associated with various benign lesions refractory to conventional antihemorrhagic measures. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effects of @entity1503 on @entity548 and compare them with @entity4546 . METHODS: The study was conducted on 30 @entity35 . @entity35 were divided into five groups: group A (only @entity3352 ), group B ( @entity1503 administration 60  min before @entity3352 -induced injury), group C ( @entity1503 administration 30  min after @entity3352 -induced injury), group D ( @entity4546 administration 60  min before @entity3352 -induced injury), group E ( @entity4546 administration 30  min after @entity3352 -induced injury). @entity3137 were produced by @entity3352 in all three groups. The effect was studied morphologically 6  h after oral administration of the drug. Subsequently, affected tissue was examined histologically. RESULTS: Based on the number and the total size of @entity548 , the @entity548 scores were significantly better in Group C compared to other groups (p   <   0.05). The @entity548 score of Group B was significantly better than Group D and Group A (p   <   0.05). @entity4546 groups (Group D, Group E) did not show significant improvement as indicated by macroscopic scores. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to microscopic scores. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity1503 has a potent inhibitory action on @entity3352 -induced @entity356 and @entity3137 and it is useful in the treatment of acute @entity3137 .

title: Treatment of XXXX by @entity1503 versus @entity4546 : experimental randomized @entity35 models.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesion', 'hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Ankaferd blood stopper', 'ABS']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric mucosal lesions', 'gastric mucosal lesions', 'mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic gastritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The only established system to grade subchondral @entity79 in @entity626 ( @entity571 ) has low interobserver reliability. In this study, our aim was to convert this system into a reliable tool for the assessment of subchondral @entity604 in knee @entity571 . METHODS: Templates that were designed to outline the normal contours of the knee were overlaid onto conventional radiographs of a random sample of 100 knees of @entity571 @entity1 who were awaiting total knee replacement (TKR). Seventy-five films from individuals with @entity1118 who were not awaiting TKR and 75 films from asymptomatic control subjects were also assessed. @entity604 was graded from 0 (no @entity6661 ) to 3 (severe @entity6661 of >10 mm); other established radiologic features were also graded. Spearman's rho was used to determine the correlation of @entity6661 scores with other features, and logistic regression was used to explore whether @entity79 was associated with night @entity158 . RESULTS: The inter- and intraobserver reliability values were high for @entity6661 scores and for the presence of definite @entity6661 (score > or =2). Bone @entity6661 was evident in 62% of films from @entity1 awaiting TKR, in 9% of films from individuals with @entity1118 who were not awaiting TKR, and in 1% of films from controls. In all groups, the correlation between @entity6661 and other features was weak to moderate. There was a nonsignificant association between @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Bone @entity6661 is an additional dimension of knee @entity571 that can be measured reliably. @entity6661 may be associated with night @entity158 .

title: Assessing XXXX on radiographs of the knee in @entity571 : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition', 'Definite attrition']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['definite bone attrition', 'bone attrition']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'definite bone attrition and night pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic knee pain']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11533 is a rare @entity74 of unknown etiology occurring in young adults. The diagnosis is based upon Yamaguchi criteria. Treatment is difficult and not well codified. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( @entity8834 , @entity3352 ) are used as first-line therapy but are not efficient. @entity230 are needed in 80% of cases to control systemic manifestations of @entity3520 @entity4932 . Immunosuppressive agents, such as @entity1499 , are necessary when a high dose of @entity230 are required. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin was rarely reported, in particular in @entity1 refractory to non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered at 2 g/kg of body weight during two or five days. Infusion was given monthly for four-six cycles. Long-term remission was obtained in half of the @entity1 . Precise mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin in @entity3520 @entity4932 remain unclear. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: Intravenous immunoglobulin may represent a new treatment, particularly in @entity1 refractory to non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before the use of @entity230 . Further prospective works are needed to confirm these preliminary optimistic data.

title: [ XXXX in adults: treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins].

entities_list: @entity8834 :: ('MESH:D012459', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylates']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['adult onset']

entities_list: @entity11533 :: ('MESH:D016706', 'Disease') :: ["Adult onset Still's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ["Still's disease"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['Still's disease']


abstract: @entity7334 of the distal radius remains a challenging problem. This article reviews the results of 15 consecutive cases which were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with T-plate after failing to achieve articular congruency with closed reduction. The follow-up ranges from 20 months to 28 months. In thirteen cases, articular congruency was restored. However, 4 of these 13 cases later lost some of the articular congruency. This suggests the need for supplementary bone grafting. Reduction of the extra-articular portion of distal radius was generally well maintained. There was an average of 2.4 mm loss in styloid height, an increase of 1.2 mm in ulnar variance and loss of 12.5 degrees of volar tilt. Seven @entity1 (46%) were @entity158 -free, with the remaining 8 @entity1 (53%) experiencing mild @entity158 associated with forceful activities involving the wrist. All @entity1 achieved a functional range of motion. Grip strength averaged 81% of the uninjured side. Of the 12 @entity1 who were engaged in active employment, 10 returned to their previous job within 4 months of injury (average 8.5 weeks). The only complication in this series was the development of @entity6865 in a 68-year-old housewife. We recommend open reduction and internal fixation if closed reduction fails to achieve articular congruency in comminuted distal radius fractures.

title: XXXX of the distal radius--results of early open reduction and internal fixation.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'completely pain']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['Comminuted intra-articular fracture']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['Comminuted intra-articular fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and @entity137 of China-made @entity1311 in the treatment of @entity43 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 were divided into two groups. single @entity1311 group (SPG): @entity1311 was only given to twelve untreated @entity1 or those who had been given only one course of chemotherapy at a dose of 175 mg/m2 in 5% @entity413 500 ml, i.v. for 3 hours; and combined @entity1311 group (CPG): @entity1311 135 mg/m2 in 5% @entity413 55 ml, i.v. for 3 hours on day 1 plus @entity900 70-80 mg/m2 or @entity3003 300 mg/m2, i.v. on day 2, was administered to 20 @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity5 after @entity902 based chemotherapy. Four weeks were defined as one course in both groups. At least two courses were given except those with @entity5 progression after one course. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 39%. It was 27% and 45% in the SPG and CPG. The chief side effects were moderate myelosuppression, @entity1897 ( @entity925 , @entity4841 , @entity5013 ), severe @entity1665 , etc., but no @entity56 . One @entity1 died from intestinal perforation. CONCLUSIONS: China-made @entity1311 is effective as in treating @entity43 especially for @entity902 -resistant @entity1 . The toxic effects are tolerable to the @entity1 .

title: [China-made XXXX in the treatment of advanced @entity43 : a clinical analysis of 32 cases].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5013 :: ('MESH:D009443', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuritis']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']