abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A register cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcome of surgery for @entity2649 without concomitant degenerative spondylolisthesis according to predominance of @entity158 and to analyze the role of spinal fusion in conjunction with decompression in @entity1 with @entity615 ( @entity615 ) or @entity158 ( @entity158 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Predominance of @entity615 is associated with inferior outcome of surgery for central @entity612 . It is unknown if using spinal fusion improves outcomes. METHODS: In a register study of 9051 @entity1 , we studied outcome of surgery in terms of @entity615 and @entity158 visual analogue scale, function (the @entity717 Index and self-estimated walking distance), health-related quality of life (Short-Form 36 and EuroQol), and @entity1 satisfaction. Outcome was analyzed for 4 groups at 1- and 2-year follow-ups; preoperative @entity615 was equal to or worse than @entity158 and decompression, preoperative @entity615 was equal to or worse than @entity158 and decompression and fusion, preoperative @entity615 was less than @entity158 and decompression, preoperative @entity615 was less than decompression and fusion. RESULTS: @entity1 with concomitant fusion were younger and had higher @entity615 and @entity717 Index scores and lower preoperative EuroQol. Predominant @entity615 was associated with inferior outcome in terms of @entity158 , health-related quality of life, and function. @entity1 most often satisfied (69%) were @entity1 with @entity615 less than @entity158 treated with decompression and fusion and the least satisfied group was @entity1 with @entity615 equal to or worse than @entity158 treated with decompression (54%). Fusion was not only associated with higher EuroQol at 1-year follow-up for @entity1 with predominant @entity615 , but also associated with increased @entity158 at 2-year follow-up in @entity1 with predominant @entity158 . @entity1 with predominant @entity615 experienced small gains in the physical component summary with fusion. CONCLUSION: Predominance of @entity615 is associated with inferior outcome. Using spinal fusion improves unadjusted outcome but the benefit is small and not clinically significant and generally disappears in the adjusted analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: @entity158 pattern predicts surgical outcome more than type of surgery in @entity1 with central XXXX without concomitant spondylolisthesis: a register study of 9051 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['BP', 'predominant back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: In the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of @entity308 study, data were collected on 2226 first-degree relatives of 612 probands. A second, "blind" reassessment of all relatives was attempted 6 years after the initial evaluation. We report on a final sample of 1629 relatives assessed twice using the Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 -Lifetime version. We summarize methods for using stability of diagnosis to model the relationship between clinical covariates and the probability of being a true case. Moreover, we define an index of caseness that can be used to narrow the criteria for who is a case. Of those positive for major @entity308 at initial evaluation, 74% were positive (on a lifetime basis) at follow-up (ie, were stable). There is a gradient: 48% of those who had three symptoms and no treatment were stable, compared with 96% of those with eight symptoms and treatment. For major @entity308 , we found the caseness index for those with lifetime @entity162 more severe than that of nonbipolar @entity1 , with those who had hypomania being intermediate. A hierarchical analysis indicated that @entity162 tends to be diagnosed as schizoaffective- @entity162 across occasions, and vice versa. This is consistent with the prior familial analyses that suggest these two diagnoses be combined into a single bipolar phenotype. The analysis for major @entity308 indicates that caseness appears to represent quantitative, rather than qualitative, differences, with no natural cutoff to identify distinct subgroups. Finally, we discuss implications including utility in genetic analyses, estimation of incidence or prevalence allowing for diagnostic error, and examination of cohort effects.

title: Stability of psychiatric diagnoses. An application to the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar I', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['affective disorders']


abstract: We describe an epidemic of self-limited (6 weeks) @entity2743 which affected 12 index cases, 5 household contacts, and 6 retrospectively identified cases in July, August, and September, 1987 in the town of Winterswijk (28,011 inhabitants), The Netherlands. A small @entity5651 was present in 9 of the 12 index @entity1 , tender upon palpation in only 2. Signs and symptoms of @entity2743 were accompanied by a low grade fever in combination with fatigue, @entity10 , @entity925 , and a fine desquamation of the palms and soles. The apparent incubation time between family members was 6 days. Thyroid @entity1136 uptake was decreased in 10 of 11 tested @entity1 . Laboratory findings included elevated sedimentation rates (up to 68 mm/h), increased liver enzymes, @entity2905 in 2 @entity1 , and absence of thyroid autoantibodies. HLA-B35, associated with classical @entity4941 , was found in 1 @entity1 only. An etiological agent was not identified. No evidence was found for @entity2743 factitia. After 10 months, all @entity1 were euthyroid, without a @entity5651 or thyroid autoantibodies. Thus, a new variant of @entity1374 , atypical @entity4941 , was probably the cause of this unusual outbreak. It is unclear at present if this variant of @entity1374 is common in communities and represents a separate disease entity.

title: An outbreak of @entity2743 due to atypical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

entities_list: @entity4941 :: ('MESH:D013968', 'Disease') :: ['subacute thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity4941 :: (MESH:D013968,Disease) :: ['subacute thyroiditis']


abstract: The auditory system has been investigated in 50 @entity1 with @entity1374 . Hearing thresholds were estimated by the pure tone audiometry, @entity865 . The brief tone audiometry, BTA, was carried out, evaluating differences between thresholds of shorter and longer 1-kHz tonal stimuli, 20 and 200 ms, respectively. The objective studies were established by registrations of evoked otoacoustic emissions, EOAEs, and of auditory brainstem responses, ABRs. The thresholds of ipsilateral and contralateral middle-ear muscle acoustic reflexes, ARs, were also compared. By the PTA, @entity1274 was detected in 74.0% of cases. The BTA revealed disturbances of temporal summation of excitation in cochlear receptors in 26.0% of inspected subjects. The data of the EOAE mostly corresponded to those of the PTA. In some @entity1 , however, the PTA demonstrated normal thresholds, while the EOAEs as well as the BTA indicated abnormalities. The ABR and AR procedures detected the central @entity2167 in 30.0% and 26.0% of the tested @entity1 , respectively. The investigations have shown that the specific hormonal therapy hardly improves either peripheral or central @entity2167 associated with @entity1375 .

title: The hearing system under XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disorders']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hypofunction']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid hypofunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hitherto efforts to implement data driven prevention guidelines for @entity580 ( @entity580 ) in Nigeria have been limited by the inadequate knowledge of the risks of these @entity281 . This study evaluated the occurrence of @entity580 in a foremost tertiary health facility over a 5-year period for the purpose of reinforcing control efforts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective survey of records from the infection control unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, was done for the years 2005-09. For the 5 years studied 22,941 in- @entity1 were reviewed and the data of those who developed @entity281 during admission were retrieved and analyzed. The prevalence, types, and causative organisms of @entity580 were determined. The chi-square test was used to evaluate associations. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity580 over the 5-year period was 2.6% (95% CI: 2.4-2.8). Surgical and medical wards had the most @entity281 (48.3%) and (20.5%) respectively. @entity293 ( @entity293 ) and @entity281 (30.7%) were the most prevalent (43.9%) @entity580 . UTIs were significantly higher in surgical and medical wards, surgical site @entity281 in obstetrics and gynecology wards, and soft tissue @entity281 and @entity2259 in pediatric wards (P<0.05). Gram-negative @entity281 occurred about four times as often as gram-positive @entity281 with @entity4005 sp. and @entity794 being the predominant isolates (34.3%) and (20.1%) respectively. CONCLUSION: Efforts to limit @entity580 should be guided by local surveillance data if progress is to be made in improving the quality of @entity1 care in Nigeria.

title: XXXX in a Nigerian tertiary health facility: An audit of surveillance reports.

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired infections', 'HAI']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['UTI', 'Urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['Hospital-acquired infections']


abstract: The elevated-plus maze is an animal model where the behavioural repertoire of rodents is used to detect effects on @entity148 . However, the structure of behaviour has not been duly discerned. The objective was to perform descriptive, sequential and principal components analyses to discern the overall structure of the @entity19 behaviour on the elevated plus-maze test. Behaviour was videotaped and later analyzed. Behavioural elements were encoded from an ethological point of view, being employed an 8-pattern ethogram. Stretched attend posture (SAP) and head-dippings (Dip) were split into protected ( @entity43388 , @entity43389 ) and unprotected (uSAP, uDip) behaviours. Markovian sequential analysis revealed that sniffing is the main pattern, @entity43388 and @entity43389 are highly linked ' @entity148 -related' responses, and uSAP is an 'approach-avoid conflict' response usually followed by either sniffing on an open arm or closed arm entry. Principal component analysis allowed obtaining four components: (i) anxiolysis-open arm entry, @entity43388 , @entity43389 and uDip; open arm entry and uDip were positively loaded, in contrast to @entity43388 and @entity43389 , which were oppositely related to them; (ii) motor activity-closed arm entry, sniffing, rearing, and total arm entries; (iii) approach-avoid conflict-uSAP and negatively loaded, closed arm return; and (iv) displacement-grooming and rearing. Results suggested that open arm entry, @entity43388 , @entity43389 , and uDip are the best indicators of @entity148 on the elevated plus-maze. Closed arm return and uSAP are independent @entity148 -related patterns, reflecting an approach-avoid conflict dimension. Results should be taken into account if the effects of drugs or CNS manipulations on Swiss @entity19 behaviour on the elevated plus-maze are analyzed.

title: Structure of the @entity19 behaviour on the elevated plus-maze test of XXXX .

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate histologically and immunohistochemically long-term changes in @entity95 @entity267 following excimer laser ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Excimer laser keratectomy was performed on 12 eyes of 6 @entity95 . The corneas were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical studies 2 and 3 years after treatment. FINDINGS: In all specimens, epithelial basement membrane of the ablated central @entity267 showed undulating and spike-pattern invasion into the epithelial side. The collagen lamellae showed irregularities in the @entity8165 . Immunohistochemically, the @entity8165 showed positive reaction to anti-type III collagen antibody. Staining for anti-IV collagen antibody showed a linear pattern in the epithelial basement membrane and was positive in the @entity8165 of the ablated central @entity267 . These positive reactions to anti-type III and type IV collagen antibodies in the stroma showed the localized presence of scar tissue in the ablated stroma. Antibody to type VII collagen showed weak reaction in the basement membrane, suggesting incomplete regeneration of anchoring fibrils. CONCLUSION: The healing process was still incomplete 3 years after excimer laser keratotomy in @entity95 .

title: [Long-term healing of excimer laser ablated XXXX corneas].

entities_list: @entity8165 :: ('MESH:C567547', 'Disease') :: ['subepithelial stroma']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) are the most frequent cause of @entity591 in @entity1 . Its pharmacological treatment has adverse effects, is not curative, and is not always effective. During the last few years radiofrequency ablation (RF-A) has changed the treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate our experience in RF-A in @entity1 with @entity4710 . Between 1990 and 1995, 92 @entity1 (1 month to 17 years old) underwent electrophysiological study after the diagnosis of @entity4710 . RF-A was attempted in 55 @entity1 with accessory pathways (AP), slow-pathway of the atrioventricular node, or ectopic focus. The site of ablation was decided according to the electrical signals and the catheter position. The success of the RF-A was confirmed by the interruption of the @entity591 , the change in the sequence of activation of the intracardiac signals, the regression of the preexcitation, and the inability to reinduce @entity591 . RF-A was successful in 81% of the @entity1 ; 88% in those with a left AP, 56% in those with a right AP, and 100% in those with nodal reentry. Complications were seen in 7% of the @entity1 : 3 with @entity432 , one with a minimal pneumothorax, and one with @entity2293 . During a follow up of 16.6 months there was no relapse nor late complications. We conclude that RF-A is a safe and effective procedure in pediatric @entity1 with @entity4710 .

title: [Radiofrequency fulguration for XXXX in pediatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['Supraventricular tachycardias', 'SVT']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: @entity170 is a growing chronic health problem that could result in mortalities and poor living quality. This study aimed at assessing the awareness of adults in Riyadh about this disease and its associated factors as well as compare @entity25108 levels of @entity1 and @entity1 . A cross sectional study including 505 @entity1 was conducted in several malls of Riyadh city during March 2012, selected by stratified random sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. 86% of the @entity1 had heard of @entity170 . Media was the main source for @entity1 ' knowledge; the mean knowledge score was 56.6% of the maximum achievable score. There was significant differences in knowledge scores by educational level, employment, income and residence (P = 0.005), (P = 0.008) (P = 0.0122) and (P = 0.009), respectively. @entity1 had low frequencies of preventive practices, especially females who had a mean total score equivalent to 48.8% of the maximum score, while males' mean score was 54.7% (P = 0.000). Perceived susceptibility was higher among females (83 vs. 74%, P = 0.000), and thus had less perception of the barriers to preventive actions, than @entity1 (49.6 vs. 55.5%, P = 0.000). Self-efficacy and perceived benefits had the highest scores (95% of the maximum achievable scores). Considerable number of adult males and females are unaware about @entity170 . Since there is deficiency in the knowledge, and poor application of the preventive actions. Therefore, Education programs are needed to improve awareness and motivating healthy behaviours.

title: XXXX : a study of knowledge, attitude and practice among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of injection with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) followed by oral administration of an NSAID on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of healthy @entity235 . ANIMALS: 6 healthy Walker Hounds. PROCEDURES: In a randomized, crossover design, @entity235 were administered 4 treatments consisting of an SC injection of an NSAID or control solution (day 0), followed by oral administration of an NSAID or inert substance for 4 days (days 1 through 4). Treatment regimens included @entity9693 (4 mg/kg) followed by inert substance; saline (0.9% @entity1219 ) solution followed by @entity31895 (4 mg/kg); @entity9693 (4 mg/kg) followed by @entity9693 (4 mg/kg); and @entity9693 (4 mg/kg) followed by @entity31895 (4 mg/kg). Hematologic, serum biochemical, and fecal evaluations were conducted weekly, and clinical scores were obtained daily. Endoscopy of the GIT was performed before and on days 1, 2, and 5 for each treatment. Lesions were scored by use of a 6-point scale. RESULTS: No significant differences existed for clinical data, clinicopathologic data, or lesion scores in the esophagus, @entity418 , or duodenum. For the gastric fundus, antrum, and lesser curvature, an effect of time was observed for all treatments, with lesions worsening from before to day 2 of treatments but improving by day 5. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sequential administration of NSAIDs in this experiment did not result in clinically important gastroduodenal ulcers. A larger study to investigate the effect of sequential administration of NSAIDs for longer durations and in @entity235 with signs of acute and @entity1118 is essential to substantiate these findings.

title: Effect of short-term sequential administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the stomach and proximal portion of the duodenum in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31895 :: ('MESH:C471996', 'Chemical') :: ['deracoxib']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9693 :: ('MESH:C007005', 'Chemical') :: ['carprofen']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the distribution of morphological pattern of benign and malignant @entity43 in different age groups in eastern India and to determine the likelihood of bilateral involvement in different morphologic subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 957 cases of @entity43 were studied over a period of 10 years (from January 2001 to December 2010). RESULTS: Most of the @entity5 occurred between 20 and 40 years of age, while the malignant lesions presented commonly between 41 and 50 years. The most common histological types were @entity12679 (29.9%), followed by mature @entity44 (15.9%) and @entity8940 (11.1%). Major proportion of @entity43 was contributed by surface @entity5 (60.9%). @entity19862 was the predominant @entity5 (11.3%). @entity3 were found to involve the bilateral ovaries in 72%, while 49.5% of @entity5 were bilateral. Borderline @entity5 showed bilateral involvement more commonly (27.4%) than borderline mucinous @entity5 (15.7%). Most of the @entity5 presented as stage III (60%) or stage II (20%) disease. The overall survival rate was 85% for stage I @entity5 , 65% for stage II, 30% for stage III and 15.5% for stage IV @entity5 . CONCLUSION: We noted an earlier age at presentation of @entity5 . @entity44 was found to be the second most common @entity5 (after @entity12679 ). We also noted a lower percentage of @entity5 . Lower number of stage IV @entity5 was noted, with a significant number of @entity43 presenting at an earlier age.

title: Histologic pattern, bilaterality and clinical evaluation of 957 XXXX : a 10-year study in a tertiary hospital of eastern India.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'malignant ovarian tumors', 'ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'Mature teratoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant serous tumors', 'endometrioid tumors', 'benign tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'epithelial tumors', 'serous tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity19862 :: ('MESH:D018284', 'Disease') :: ['Serous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity12679 :: ('MESH:D018293', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Access to @entity146 treatment by @entity1 with @entity6004 in the general population is likely to be affected both by the severity of @entity74 and by sociodemographic differences. METHOD: In the household component of the National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity > 10,000 subjects in Great Britain with @entity146 symptoms were interviewed using the CIS-R. They were also asked about difficulties experienced in performing seven types of everyday activity. All subjects classed as having an @entity1479 were questioned about their experience of treatment with antidepressants, hypnotics, and counselling or psychotherapy. RESULTS: Less than 14% of @entity1 with current @entity6004 were receiving treatment for them. Within the previous year, only a third had made contact with their primary care physician for their mental problem: of these < 30% were receiving treatment. Overall, 9% of @entity1 with disorders were given medication and 8% counselling or psychotherapy. A diagnosis of @entity308 was that most associated with antidepressant medication. Treatment access was affected by employment status, marital status, and age, but the major determinant was symptom severity. Neither sex nor social class influenced which @entity1 received treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity146 seldom receive treatment, even when they have consulted their primary care physician about them. In many cases, this must represent unmet needs with a strong claim on health resources. There are also inequalities in the receipt of treatment, although the major influence is the severity of @entity74 .

title: @entity6004 and the receipt of XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity3981 is the fourth most common @entity5 of the @entity8174 , and spinal metastases are thought to be exceedingly rare. Only two other reported presentations are found in the literature, both presumably secondary to incomplete surgical resections. PURPOSE: To present the first known case of @entity3 to the lumbar spine causing vertebral body involvement, after complete resection of the @entity8174 . STUDY DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: A case of a @entity1 who presented with @entity1643 and had imaging studies showing an expansive destructive lesion of the L4 vertebral body. The @entity1 underwent a radical parotidectomy and radiation therapy for dedifferentiated, high-grade @entity3981 2 years prior. RESULTS: The @entity1 underwent anterior L4 corpectomy and strut cage placement and posterior pedicle screw fixation from L2 to L5 on the same day, followed by radiation and oral chemotherapy 3 weeks later. Histopathologic examination confirmed metastatic dedifferentiated @entity3981 , present in the L4 vertebral body and overlying psoas muscle. CONCLUSIONS: This case report underscores the importance of careful evaluation of @entity1 presenting with @entity615 with a history of @entity5 . It also calls into question the traditional low-grade classification ascribed to these @entity5 , given their ability to metastasize after complete excision and adjuvant therapy.

title: Spinal XXXX from acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotid gland']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['Acinic cell carcinoma', 'acinic cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity12354 ( @entity166 , blackhead) is caused by the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis (H. meleagridis). After the ban of all prophylactic and therapeutic drugs in the European Union, @entity12354 is increasingly responsible for considerable economic problems to the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a herbal product with extracts from cinnamon, garlic, lemon, and rosemary on H. meleagridis in @entity233 poults in vivo. For this purpose, 60 two-week-old poults were divided into three groups. Group 1 received the herbal product in the feed six days before @entity281 and in water three days before @entity281 , then in feed and drinking water until the end of the experiment. Groups 2 and 3 were left untreated. At week 3 of age, Groups 1 and 2 were infected intracloacally with H. meleagridis. Three weeks after @entity281 the surviving birds were euthanized and examined for pathological lesions. Mortality was 20% in Group 1 and 50% in Group 2. There were no deaths in Group 3. DNA of histomonads was detected in all examined caeca and livers of the dead birds, but was not detected in any examined organ of the surviving birds of all groups. There was no noticeable difference in the lesion scores of the dead birds between the groups. The surviving birds of all groups did not show lesions post mortem. Since all effective prophylactic and therapeutic drugs against @entity12354 were banned in the EU, under given conditions the investigated herbal product seems to be an effective alternative for the reduction of mortality in @entity233 caused by @entity12354 .

title: Efficacy of a herbal product against Histomonas meleagridis after experimental XXXX of @entity233 poults.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious enterohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity12354 :: ('MESH:D011528', 'Disease') :: ['histomoniasis', 'Histomoniasis']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is the drug of choice for immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in @entity1 with severe @entity2150 (SAA) ineligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Recently, @entity95 ATG with @entity205 has been used as a first-line IST regimen in @entity1 with SAA because of unavailability of @entity1641 ATG. We retrospectively analyzed adult SAA @entity1 who were treated with @entity1641 ATG (n=46) or @entity95 ATG (n=53) between Feb 2001 and May 2010 to compare hematologic response and survival. Overall response rates at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months were similar in both the @entity1641 and @entity95 ATG groups: 28.3 versus 35.8 % (P=0.421), 39.1 versus 45.3 % (P=0.537), 45.7 versus 49.1 % (P=0.735), and 47.8 versus 50.9 % (P=0.757), respectively. The complete response (CR) rate at 6 months in the @entity1641 ATG was significantly superior in comparison with the @entity95 ATG (13.0 versus 1.9 %, P=0.031). But CR rates became similar in both groups after 6 months: 17.4 versus 11.3 % (P=0.387) at 12 months and 21.7 versus 22.6 % (P=0.914) at 18 months. Lymphocyte depletion after ATG was more profound and protracted in the @entity95 ATG group compared to the @entity1641 ATG group. Overall survival (P=0.460) and failure-free survival (P=0.911) were not significantly different between the two groups. Our retrospective study demonstrated that the efficacy of first-line IST with @entity95 ATG is similar to that with @entity1641 ATG. However, the time from treatment to CR was longer with @entity95 ATG than with @entity1641 ATG, partly due to more profound and protracted lymphocyte depletion.

title: The efficacy of rabbit antithymocyte globulin with XXXX in comparison to horse antithymocyte globulin as a first-line treatment in adult @entity1 with severe @entity2150 : a single-center retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of ginseng on antioxidant enzyme levels in @entity75 following experimental diffuse @entity542 in @entity35 . The neuroprotective effect of @entity9052 was also studied. METHODS: In this study, @entity35 were divided into four groups, and the @entity35 in group 1 received no intervention. In group 2, the @entity35 were administered 50 mg/kg @entity9052 , injected intraperitoneally at 1, 24 and 48 h, and the effect of @entity9052 on normal tissues was studied. No drugs were administered to the @entity35 in group 3 who had previously experienced diffuse @entity542 using Feeney's falling weight method. In group 4, @entity35 underwent Feeney's falling weight method, leading to diffuse @entity542 , and they were given 50 mg/kg @entity9052 intraperitoneally 1, 24 and 48 h after @entity542 . @entity35 were killed 72 h after @entity542 and their brain tissues extracted for histopathological and biochemical studies. RESULTS: Histopathological study of brain cross sections in the @entity130 group demonstrated neurons in the @entity130 region and surrounding area, which generally had a dark-colored eosinophilic cytoplasm and a pyknotic nucleus, while the nuclei of neurons were located peripherally. However, brain cross sections in group 4 from @entity35 given @entity9052 after @entity542 showed fewer neurons with eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic and peripheral nuclei in the @entity130 region and surrounding area. No statistically significant difference in the tissue SOD level was observed; however, the @entity2197 Px level in group 4 was significantly reduced compared to that in group 3. CONCLUSIONS: After affecting the @entity2197 Px level and reducing histopathological scores, @entity9052 was found to display antioxidant and neuroprotective activity.

title: Study of the neuroprotective effect of @entity9052 on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase ( @entity2197 -Px) levels in experimental diffuse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: The clinical aspects and anatomopathological patterns of 150 postmenopausal @entity1 were studied using the progestogen challenge test. An endometrial biopsy was obtained and submitted to the progestogen test. A histopathological analysis of the uterine mucosa from @entity1 with a positive progestogen test revealed that the endometrium was active in 44 percent of cases and @entity3202 or inactive in 56 percent. In contrast, among @entity1 with a negative response, the endometrium was @entity3202 in 94 percent of cases and active in 6 percent. Analysis of clinical aspects did not show significant differences between groups in terms of age; age at menarche and at menopause; fasting blood @entity413 levels; or body mass. However, postmenopausal time was significantly shorter for @entity1 with a positive test, with a correlation between postmenopausal time of one to two years and test positivity. The progestogen challenge test for the detection of @entity3202 endometrium presented 78.57 percent sensitivity, 77.05 percent specificity, 44 percent positive predictive value, and 94 percent negative predictive value. Thus, when negative, the test is highly valuable, indicating the presence of @entity3202 endometrium in 94 percent of cases. False-negative results occurred in only 6 percent of the subjects, with no case of @entity1373 detected. However, when the response to the test was positive, the endometrium was @entity3202 in 56 percent of the cases. We suggest that, in order to avoid invasive procedures, the @entity3942 challenge test be combined with other methods such as transvaginal ultrasonography.

title: The progestogen challenge test in postmenopausal XXXX : clinical and morphologic aspects.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3942 :: ('CHEBI:50745', 'Chemical') :: ['progestogen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: CONTEXT: The term @entity11278 has been used frequently to describe the clinical manifestations of a great number of diseases in which @entity548 and @entity631 coexist. The classic example of this type of @entity1333 is @entity7860 , a term used to describe the association of @entity548 , @entity631 and the presence of circulating antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies (anti- @entity11 ). Among the several types of systemic vasculitides that can present clinical manifestations of the @entity11278 , we focus the discussion on two types more frequently associated with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA), microscopic @entity2883 and @entity2883 , concerning a 10 year old @entity1 with clinical signs and symptoms of @entity11278 , with positive ANCA and rapidly progressive evolution. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a 10-year-old @entity1 referred to our hospital for evaluation of profound @entity417 detected in a primary health center. Five days before entry she had experienced malaise, pallor and began to cough up blood-tinged sputum that was at first attributed to dental @entity548 . She was admitted to the infirmary with hemoglobin = 4 mg/dL, hematocrit = 14 %, platelets = 260,000, white blood cells = 8300, 74 % segmented, 4 % eosinophils, 19 % lymphocytes and 3 % monocytes. Radiographs of the chest revealed bilateral diffuse @entity1986 . There was progressive worsening of cough and respiratory distress during the admission day, when she began to cough up large quantities of blood and @entity811 was noted. There was rapid and progressive loss of renal function and massive @entity548 . The antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) test with antigen specificity for @entity3335 (anti- @entity3335 ) was positive and the circulating anti- @entity11 showed an indeterminate result.

title: Rapidly progressive antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies associated with @entity11278 in a 10-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase', 'MPO']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'lung hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial alveolar infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity11278 :: ('MESH:C538458', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary-renal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['Goodpastur  s syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis", 'polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girl']


abstract: @entity1 studies report that @entity1853 restriction (MR) as a dietary regimen extends life span, delays the onset of age-related diseases and enhances fat oxidation in obese subjects with @entity209 . However, the underlying cellular signalling pathways are poorly understood. @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) is a @entity413 -intolerant species, providing an excellent model for the study of @entity1735 metabolism. MR diets in combination with 12 % (+/-) and 22 % (+/-) @entity1735 -rich meals were fed to @entity5660 for a period of 8 weeks and phenotypic and transcript expression changes in the liver and white muscle were assessed. Fish fed MR diets, irrespective of @entity1735 load, were shown to abolish the @entity413 -intolerant phenotype 6 h post-feeding. There was a distinct switch in @entity413 and glycogen content in the liver of fish fed MR diets, with a significantly higher concentration of glycogen, suggesting reduced glycolytic capacity. Transcriptional responses to MR demonstrated decreased expression of hepatic @entity844 synthase, @entity5068 regulatory binding protein 1, PPARy coactivator 1-a and @entity37028 , indicative of a reduction in the de novo synthesis of @entity1718 and @entity165 , and a potential decrease in hepatic fat oxidative capacity. Muscle adenylate charge was depressed under MR, and increased expression of @entity860 -activated protein kinase a1 was detected, indicative of reduced energy availability. Total DNA methylation showed that @entity1735 load, rather than MR, dictated hypomethylation of genomic DNA. This is the first study which demonstrates that MR can abolish a @entity413 -intolerant phenotype in trout, and identifies trout as a suitable model for studying @entity209 .

title: XXXX restriction affects the phenotypic and transcriptional response of @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) to @entity1735 -enriched diets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Rainbow trout', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1853 :: (MESH:D008715,Chemical) :: ['Methionine']


abstract: The development of allospecific cellular immunity during acute @entity35 renal allograft rejection parallels alterations occurring in @entity1426 metabolism, including increased production of the vasoconstrictor eicosanoid @entity2404 ( @entity3447 ). We have previously demonstrated that chronic inhibition of @entity2871 synthetase is associated with improved renal allograft function as well as significant reductions in renal production and urinary excretion of Tx metabolites. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chronic administration of the specific Tx synthetase inhibitor @entity17756 on in situ and systemic alloimmune effector cell function. PVG (RT1c) strain @entity35 were transplanted with fully allogeneic ACI( @entity10171 ) kidneys, and intrarenal artery infusion of @entity17756 (50 micrograms/mg/min) or its saline vehicle was begun at the time of surgery utilizing an osmotic pump. Four days following transplantation, spleen cells and inflammatory cells eluted from the graft were tested. The frequency of antidonor precursor cytotoxic T cells (pCTL), as measured by limiting dilution assay, was consistently lower in allografts from @entity17756 -treated animals (1/3146-1/5160) compared with vehicle treatment (1/661-1/1878), while no difference in pCTL ranges were seen in splenocytes from both groups. However, following short-term culture (10-15 days, lymphocytes from treated and control allografts were equally proficient in specifically lysing donor targets. Proliferative response to donor stimulators measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction assays were consistently greater in spleen cells than allograft eluate cells for both groups, but there were no significant differences between OKY and vehicle groups in terms of either splenocyte or allograft eluate proliferative responses. Immunohistologic labeling and flow cytometric analysis of renal allograft infiltrates showed similar percentages and distributions of immune cell populations in treated and control groups. These results suggest that Tx inhibition is capable of temporarily reducing cytotoxic T cell function in the local environment, which may partially account for the improved graft function seen.

title: Association of chronic XXXX inhibition with reduced in situ cytotoxic T cell activity in rejecting @entity35 renal allografts.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: Safe management of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) depends on rapid diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine factors predictive for operation and resulting in operative delay. A retrospective review was done of 1613 @entity1 over 4 years (2003 to 2007) with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes for @entity1744 . After excluding @entity1 with incomplete clinical data, incorrectly coded, and age younger than 5 years, 872 @entity1 were reviewed. Analysis was done for factors predictive for operation and factors associated with operative delay. Statistics was done using t test, Wilcoxon-rank-sum, and   (2). Four hundred ninety-four @entity1 (56.6%) underwent surgery for @entity1744 . Three hundred seventy-eight @entity1 (43.4%) were managed nonoperatively. Of factors examined, younger @entity1 (P = 0.001), no previous operation (P < 0.001), and absence of adhesive disease (P < 0.001) were more likely to go to operation. Acquiring a computed tomographic scan (P = 0.029) or radiograph (P < 0.001) were the only factors that increased time to the operating room (OR). Increased time to the OR was associated with a higher incidence of bowel resection. With those with time to OR less than 24 hours, 39 of 325 @entity1 (12%) had bowel resection versus time to OR greater than 24 hours, 23 of 80 @entity1 (29%) required bowel resection. Identifying @entity1 who may safely undergo nonoperative management remains difficult. Delay in operation for @entity1744 places @entity1 at higher risk for bowel resection.

title: Factors predicting need for and delay in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['surgery in small bowel obstruction']


abstract: Cellular protooncogenes, @entity5 suppressor genes (antioncogenes), and DNA mismatch repair mutators are generally the key molecular genetic biomarkers undergoing alterations during @entity105 , i.e., activation of oncogenes, inactivation of @entity5 suppressors, and DNA mismatch repair gene defects are essential events in @entity5 causation. In @entity788 , high incidence of oncogene @entity984 point mutations at the codon 12th is associated with premalignant and malignant transformation. Mutation in @entity876 @entity5 suppressor is also detected in @entity420 . Concurrent loss of @entity876 and @entity984 function may contribute to the clinical @entity146 of @entity788 . @entity124 and DNA mismatch repair defects may represent new mutator phenotype for pancreas @entity105 . Mutation of cell cycle regulators, such as inhibitor of @entity8985 or @entity986 @entity5 suppressor gene, is a new molecular event in @entity788 . Mutation of cyclin-dependent kinases also may be involved in pancreas @entity105 . Loss or mutation of a new candidate @entity5 suppressor, @entity1594 (deleted in @entity788 locus 4), is reported in @entity788 . The protein products of these gene mutations are potential @entity5 antigens, thus genotype expression can be detected by phenotype. Most of these emerging molecular genetic biomarkers are associated with regulation of cell growth and recognition, as well as gene expression, and may offer new insight into the cellular precursors to and genesis of @entity788 .

title: Molecular diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas carcinoma', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic significance of different clinico-pathological and molecular factors, and to compare survival after standard and extended pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in ampulla of @entity420 (AVAC). There are discordant data on factors affecting prognosis, and hence therapeutic choices, in AVAC. @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical-pathological factors were evaluated in 59 @entity1 , subjected to PD for AVAC; in 42 subjects information on chromosome 17p and 18q allelic losses (LOH) and @entity124 ( @entity124 ) was also available. The association between survival and type of PD was investigated in the 25 @entity1 operated between 1990 and 2001 (16 standard and nine extended). RESULTS: The overall 5- and 10-year tumor-related survival rates were 46% and 33%, respectively. Sixteen @entity1 had T-stages 1-2, 14 T-stage 3, and 29 @entity5 . Chromosome 17p and 18q LOH were detected in 23 (55%) and 15 cases (36%), respectively, and in 12 cases (29%) coexisted. Five cases were @entity124 -positive (12%). At univariate analysis, poor survival was associated with @entity5 ulceration (P = 0.051), poor differentiation (P = 0.008), T-stage 4 (P < 0.001), nodal metastases (P = 0.004), chromosome 17p (P < 0.001) and 18q LOH (P = 0.002), and absence of @entity124 (P = 0.009). At multivariate analysis, only T-stage (P = 0.002) and 17p LOH (P = 0.001) were independent predictors of survival. All @entity1 with @entity5 were long-survivors (>12 yrs), whereas only 30% of @entity124 -negative @entity5 @entity1 survived at 5 years. Extended pancreaticoduodenectomy was associated with a 3-year disease-related survival higher than standard resection (83% vs 31%; P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: @entity124 and chromosome 17p status allow to @entity5 at the same stage. Surgery alone resulted curative in @entity124 -positive @entity5 @entity1 , whereas it was inadequate in @entity1 showing allelic losses, who might benefit from adjuvant therapy. In this observational study, extended PD was associated with increased survival compared to standard procedures.

title: XXXX of the ampulla of Vater: T-stage, chromosome 17p allelic loss, and extended pancreaticoduodenectomy are relevant prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Vater adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-positive cancers', 'better define prognosis within ampullary cancers', 'cancer', 'T-stage 4 cancers']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity0 tissue from 95 @entity1 was simultaneously assayed for three receptors: cytosolic @entity172 (CER), cytosolic @entity1420 (CPR), and nuclear @entity172 (NER). The main objective was to determine whether the addition of NER assay to the currently accepted practice with only CER and CPR could improve the predictive capacity of receptors. Forty-two @entity1 were studied for response to hormone therapy and 95 @entity1 were studied for survival; the median follow-up period was 73 months (range, 8 to 300 months). The incidence of CER+, CPR+, and NER+ was 74%, 70%, and 52%, respectively. Each receptor appeared more frequently, although not significantly so, in higher age groups. Forty percent of @entity5 had all three receptors positive and 14% had all negative; the remaining @entity5 showed all possible combinations of receptors. Both the rate of response and survival curves among 70 @entity1 with CER+ did not show any significant difference whether NER was positive or negative. Also, among 38 @entity1 with CER+, CPR+, and NER+, there was no significant difference in the clinical outcome as compared to 17 @entity1 with CER+, CPR+, and NER-. Among 25 @entity1 with CER- the rare occurrence of NER+ in only three @entity1 did not suggest any clinical implication. It is concluded, therefore, that on overall clinical grounds the current series does not support the addition of NER assay whenever data is available on both CER and CPR.

title: A clinical evaluation of nuclear XXXX receptors combined with cytosolic @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: During the early development of the acoustic system a conductive @entity393 may alter the maturation of acoustically evoked potentials and affect the development of hearing. The present experiments were carried out in newborn @entity840 with binaural conductive @entity393 . The external ear canals were plugged over a period of one month from the first day postpartum. During and after @entity1949 click-evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR) and Middle Latency Responses (MLR) were collected to analyze changes in the maturation of these potentials in comparison to untreated animals. This type of @entity1949 is characterized by threshold elevations of about 40 dB over a wide frequency range. In young deprived animals, ABR Latencies (PIII, PV) and interpeak latencies exhibited a significant delay with a maximum between day 13 and 19, which disappeared within 10 days after the end of the treatment. MLR latencies were also significantly affected after three to four weeks of the @entity1949 phase. In contrast to the ABR, the recovery of the latencies was completed within four to six weeks. These results therefore indicate that a conductive @entity393 may alter the maturation of the acoustically evoked responses in the sensitive phase after birth. This type of partial @entity1949 may affect the development of hearing and speech perception in @entity1 with chronically occurring @entity2346 media.

title: [Effect of binaural conductive XXXX on maturation of acoustically evoked potentials (auditory brain stem response, middle latency response) in @entity840 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: Current standard immunomodulatory therapy with interferons (IFNs) for relapsing-remitting @entity15 ( @entity15 ) exhibits proven, but limited, efficacy and increased side effects due to the need of frequent application of the drug. Therefore, there is a need for more effective and tolerable drugs. Due to their small size, optimization of therapy with IFNs in @entity15 by PEGylation is feasible. PEGylation of an IFN means that at least one molecule of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) is covalently added. This modification is a standard procedure to increase the stability, solubility, half-life, and efficacy of a drug, and is applied in several drugs and diseases. Currently, a therapy regimen applying @entity970 -IFN beta-1a in @entity15 is being developed to achieve an optimized relationship between therapy-related side effects and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic efficacy. Phase I studies demonstrated that subcutaneous @entity970 -IFN beta-1a at a dose of 125  g every 2 or 4 weeks might be at least as efficient and safe as the current standard therapy with IFN beta-1a. A global Phase III clinical study is investigating the efficacy of @entity970 -IFN beta-1a in terms of reduction of the relapse rate in relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 . The latest primary safety and efficacy analysis after 1 year has revealed a favorable risk-benefit profile with no significant difference between dosing regimens. Compared to placebo, the annualized relapse rate was reduced by about one-third and new or newly enlarging T2 @entity75 were reduced by about one-third when dosing every 4 weeks or by two-thirds when dosing every 2 weeks. This presents a significant effect of the dosing interval, favoring administration every 2 weeks. Chronic administration of PEGylated proteins mostly at toxic concentrations causes vacuolation of renal epithelium in animals, which - along with the issue of occurrence of anti- @entity970 antibodies - has to be addressed by Phase IV studies.

title: PEGylated interferon beta-1a in the treatment of XXXX - an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Modification of @entity1510 -precipitated withdrawal symptoms by drugs acting on alpha-adrenoceptors was investigated in @entity1286 -dependent @entity19 . @entity1338 (0.05-1mg/kg) attenuated most withdrawal symptoms, but potentiated @entity3347 . Jumping was attenuated by doses of @entity1338 up to 0.3mg/kg, but markedly potentiated by 1mg/kg. @entity3159 (0.05mg/kg) neither had effects of its own, nor influenced those of @entity1338 . Both @entity3160 (0.05-5mg/kg) and @entity9006 (1-10mg/kg) potentiated @entity1510 -precipitated withdrawal symptoms. When tested against a low dose of @entity1338 (0.2mg/kg), @entity9006 dose-dependently reduced the suppressive effects of @entity1338 on jumping, "wet @entity235 " shakes, burrowing and body-weight loss but potentiated the hypothermic response of @entity1338 . @entity3160 similarly reduced the suppressive effect of @entity1338 on body-weight loss and potentiated its hypothermic response, but unlike @entity9006 , it did not influence the inhibition by @entity1338 of "wet @entity235 " shakes, and markedly reversed the suppression of jumping and burrowing into potentiation. @entity3160 and @entity9006 also differed with respect to their antagonistic profile against a high dose of @entity1338 (1mg/kg). @entity3160 further aggravated the potentiation of jumping by @entity1338 , reduced the effect on body-weight loss and reversed the suppression of burrowing by @entity1338 . On the other hand, @entity9006 markedly reduced the potentiation of jumping by @entity1338 , and reversed its effect on "wet @entity235 " shakes and burrowing. These findings indicate that @entity1338 has a biphasic effect on jumping, and disclose differences in the antagonistic profiles between @entity3160 and @entity9006 . The results suggest that in addition to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, non-adrenergic @entity947 receptors sensitive to @entity1338 and @entity9006 but not to @entity3160 may modulate the expression of @entity1286 withdrawal symptoms.

title: Modification of XXXX -precipitated withdrawal symptoms in @entity19 by drugs acting on alpha(2)-adrenoceptors.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emphysema remains a disabling disease despite current treatment. Novel approaches to the underlying physiological abnormalities responsible for symptom generation are warranted. METHODS: A review of current hypotheses and preclinical and clinical data on the utility of endoscopic thermal vapor ablation (InterVapor) in the treatment of @entity2415 . RESULTS: In animal studies, thermal energy in the form of heated water vapor both in healthy and in papain-induced @entity2415 in @entity235 and @entity742 leads to an inflammatory response followed by healing with airway and parenchymal @entity82 . The @entity82 and associated distal atelectasis result in @entity353 . The amount of thermal energy delivered has been based on the amount of target tissue mass determined from a high-resolution computed tomogram. Early @entity1 studies indicated the feasibility of InterVapor with 5 cal/g tissue; however, the dose appeared insufficient to induce lobar @entity353 . A study using 10 cal/g to 1 upper lobe (n=44) induced a mean of 46% lobar @entity353 at 12 months along with significant improvements in the physiology and health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: InterVapor induces lung @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity2415 . The mechanism of action is through a thermally induced inflammatory response followed by healing with subsequent remodeling of tissue ( @entity82 and distal atelectasis).

title: Rationale for the development and the mechanism of action of endoscopic thermal vapor ablation (InterVapor) for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study sought to assess clinical outcomes in @entity1 receiving gamma knife radiosurgery (GK) for treatment of brain @entity3 from @entity320 and evaluate for potential predictive factors. METHODS: We reviewed 188 GK procedures in 129 consecutive @entity1 that were treated for brain @entity3 from @entity320 . The population consisted of 84 males and 45 females with a median age of 57 years. Fifty-five @entity1 (43%) had a single @entity3 . Seventy-one @entity1 (55%) received chemotherapy, 58 @entity1 (45%) received biologic agents, and 36 @entity1 (28%) received prior whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). The median marginal dose was 18.8 Gy (range 12 to 24 Gy). RESULTS: Actuarial survival was 52%, 26%, and 13% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The median survival time was 6.7 months. @entity5 control was 95%, 81% 53% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The median time to LBF was 25.2 months. Freedom from distant brain failure was 40%, 29%, and 10% at 6, 12, and 24 months, and the median time to DBF was 4.6 months. At the time of data analysis, 108 @entity1 (84%) had died. Fifty-eight @entity1 (52%) died from @entity16 . The median time to @entity16 from GK treatment was 7.9 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that hemorrhage of @entity3 prior to GK (P = .02) and LBF (P = .03) were the dominant predictors of @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: GK achieves excellent local control and may improve outcomes as a component of a multidisciplinary treatment strategy. Distant brain failure and @entity16 remain problematic and prospective trials are necessary.

title: Predictors of survival, @entity16 , local failure, and distant failure after gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity320 brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Local tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic death', 'neurologic demise']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present the surgical excision of the glans penis (glansectomy) as an alternative surgical treatment to penectomy. Buschke-L  wenstein @entity5 of the penis include the entities described in published reports as @entity189 and @entity6205 acuminatum of the penis. Both types are well-differentiated @entity5 , typically confined to the glans penis, with distinctly rare metastatic activity. METHODS: The study included 7 @entity1 , 40 to 63 years of age, with exophytic, papillary lesions involving the glans penis. Biopsy led to the diagnosis of @entity189 in 4 @entity1 and @entity6205 acuminatum in 3 @entity1 . All @entity1 reported normal erectile function. Because of the low malignant potential of the @entity5 and its confinement to the glans penis, a simple glansectomy was performed in all @entity1 to preserve the maximal penile length and functional integrity of the corpora cavernosa. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uncomplicated. With 18 to 65 months of follow-up, all @entity1 were disease free. One @entity1 required more aggressive treatment because of local recurrence of the @entity5 . All @entity1 returned to normal sexual activity 1 month postoperatively. The only change during sexual activity, noted by two of the @entity1 ' partners, was @entity158 , possibly due to the absence of the glans. CONCLUSIONS: Glansectomy may be considered the treatment of choice in @entity1 with Buschke-L  wenstein @entity5 of the penis, with more radical techniques reserved for second-line treatment.

title: Glansectomy: an alternative surgical treatment for Buschke-L  wenstein XXXX of the penis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['giant condyloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECT: During surgeries that put the facial nerve at risk for injury, its function can be continuously monitored by transcranial facial nerve motor evoked potentials (FNMEPs) in @entity121 . Despite their advantages, FNMEPs are not yet widely used. While most authors use a 50% reduction in FNMEP response amplitudes as a warning criterion, in this paper the authors' approach was to keep the response amplitude constant by increasing the stimulation intensity and to establish a warning criterion based on the "threshold-level" method. METHODS: The authors included 34 consecutive procedures involving 33 adult @entity1 (median age 47 years) in whom FNMEPs were monitored. A threshold increase greater than 20 mA for eliciting FNMEPs in the most reliable @entity121 was considered a prediction of @entity86 , and subsequently a warning was issued to the surgeon. Preoperative and early postoperative function was documented using the House-Brackmann grading system. RESULTS: Monitoring of FNMEPs was feasible in all 34 surgeries in at least one @entity121 . The mentalis muscle yielded the best results. The House-Brackmann grade deteriorated in 17 (50%) of 34 cases. The warning criterion was reached in 18 (53%) of 34 cases, which predicted an 83% risk of House-Brackmann grade deterioration. Sensitivity amounted to 88% (CI 64%-99%) and specificity to 82% (CI 57%-96%). Deterioration of FNMEPs and a worse House-Brackmann grade showed a high degree of association (p < 0.001). The impact of FNMEP monitoring on surgical strategy is exemplified in an illustrative case. CONCLUSIONS: In surgeries that put the facial nerve at risk, the intraoperative increase in FNMEP stimulation threshold was closely correlated to @entity86 . Monitoring of FNMEPs is a valid indicator of @entity2103 in skull base surgery. It should be used as an adjunct to direct electrical facial nerve stimulation and continuous electromyographic monitoring of @entity121 .

title: @entity2103 motor evoked potentials during skull base surgery to monitor XXXX using the threshold-level method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve target muscle', 'facial nerve target muscles']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative facial nerve dysfunction', 'reduced postoperative facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['facial nerve function']


abstract: @entity957 of the liver is very rare; only 18 cases have been recorded. In the present report we document an additional case who had a unique history of stage III non-keratinizing @entity189 treated with a full course of radiotherapy in July 1993. Two small @entity8 in the left hepatic lobe were identified at the same time. In July 1995 the 50-year-old @entity1 reported to be suffering from abdominal fullness and @entity925 . A large hypodense @entity5 was demonstrated in the left hepatic lobe by abdominal echography. The @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity189 and received two courses of pre-operative chemotherapy followed by @entity409 and resection of adherent tissues on 9 August 1995. Pathological study demonstrated a larger hepatic @entity957 , which most likely arose from a solitary hepatic cyst. @entity5 seedings, probably secondary to @entity5 , were also revealed on the omentum, peritoneum and diaphragm. However, regional lymph nodes were fee of @entity5 . Systemic work-up failed to demonstrate evidence of local recurrence of @entity189 , @entity3 or any second primary @entity5 site.

title: Case report: primary @entity957 of the liver in a @entity1 with treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic cyst-like lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour rupture', 'Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Primary squamous cell carcinoma', 'cystic keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['left lobectomy of the liver']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lesion']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: The flagellar regulon of @entity42306 contains 31 genes clustered in three loci on the small chromosome. These genes encode a polar sheathed flagellum that is transiently expressed during vegetative growth and required for persistent @entity281 in a @entity19 model. By following the expression of three flagellar genes (fliF, flgE, and fliC, corresponding to the @entity15 ring, hook, and filament monomer, respectively), we identified a new regulator gene, ftcR (flagellar two-component regulator). Inactivation of ftcR led to a decrease in flagellar gene expression and to impaired Brucella virulence. FtcR has a two-component response regulator domain as well a DNA binding domain and is encoded in the first flagellar locus of @entity6467 . Both the ftcR sequence and its genomic context are conserved in other related alpha-proteobacteria. During vegetative growth in rich medium, ftcR expression showed a peak during the early exponential phase that paralleled fliF gene expression. VjbR, a quorum-sensing regulator of the LuxR family, was previously found to control fliF and flgE gene expression. Here, we provide some new elements suggesting that the effect of VjbR on these flagellar genes is mediated by FtcR. We found that ftcR expression is partially under the control of VjbR and that the expression in trans of ftcR in a vjbR mutant restored the production of the hook protein (FlgE). Finally, FtcR binds directly to the upstream region of the fliF gene. Therefore, our data support the role of FtcR as a flagellar master regulator in @entity6467 and perhaps in other related alpha-proteobacteria.

title: FtcR is a new master regulator of the flagellar system of XXXX with homologs in Rhizobiaceae.

entities_list: @entity42306 :: ('224914', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis 16M']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity42306 :: (224914,Species) :: ['Brucella melitensis 16M']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intranasal @entity6948 is noninvasive and has been reported as premedication for @entity1 undergoing surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intranasal @entity6948 during electrochemotherapy for @entity1462 under local anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was designed. @entity1 with @entity1462 scheduled for electrochemotherapy under local anesthesia were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (group IN, IV, or C). @entity1 in group IN received @entity6948 1  g/kg intranasally. @entity1 in group IV received @entity6948 1  g/kg intravenously. @entity1 in group C received 0.9% saline intranasally and intravenously. Sedation status and vital signs were assessed at baseline, 15 and 30 minutes after drug administration, before surgery, and 15 minutes after the start of surgery. @entity1363 was used as a rescue. Data were analyzed by 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II were enrolled. @entity1 in groups IN and IV were significantly more sedated than those in group C before the beginning of surgery (P < .001 for the 2 comparisons). After nasal administration, adequate sedation was achieved within 30 to 45 minutes. In group IV, the onset of sedation was 15 to 20 minutes. There were no clinically significant adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal @entity6948 has a sedative effect under local anesthesia and offers a noninvasive, better-tolerated alternative to intravenous administration.

title: The safety and efficacy of intranasal @entity6948 during electrochemotherapy for XXXX : a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['facial vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['facial vascular malformation']


abstract: Inclusion @entity121 with @entity4261 of @entity79 ( @entity17251 ) is caused by mutations in the @entity17870 ( @entity17870 ) gene. Varied clinical features caused by @entity17870 mutations have been reported: these clinical phenotypes include @entity121 , @entity4943 and @entity746 . We report a 49-year-old @entity1 with 3-year history of progressive proximal limb @entity425 . Family history was notable for her father with @entity4681 and an elder brother with a @entity121 involving tibialis anterior and @entity121 . Neurological examinations showed proximal @entity2057 , especially severe @entity194 of paravertebral muscles, right-dominant scapular winging, bilateral pyramidal signs and @entity427 . Serum CK level was normal and EMG showed chronic neurogenic changes. Muscle imaging (CT) showed adipose tissue replacement of paravertebral muscles and right serratus anterior, and marked @entity194 of bilateral trapezius and vastus intermedius muscles. Her lumbar spine X-ray showed an osteosclerotic change in the vertebral body, where an increased uptake of Tc99m was also observed in bone scintigraphy. Although brain MRI was normal, neuropsychological examination showed a mild @entity71 with @entity73 . A muscle biopsy specimen revealed scattered fibers with rimmed vacuoles. These findings prompted us to analyze a mutation in the @entity17870 gene. Genomic sequencing of all exons of the gene showed a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 5 ( @entity41801 ; @entity41802 ).

title: [A case of inclusion @entity121 with @entity4261 of XXXX ( @entity17251 ) showing clinical features of @entity4681 ].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity17870 :: ('7415', 'Gene') :: ['VCP', 'valosin-containing protein']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['distal myopathy', 'quadriceps', 'body myopathy', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity41802 :: ('p|SUB|A|439|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Ala439Pro']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone and frontotemporal dementia']


abstract: In @entity179 , including @entity191 and @entity195 , apoptosis is a common type of cell @entity204 , and mitochondria emerge as the major organelle to initiate @entity204 cascade. @entity1154 oxidase ( @entity11926 ) in the mitochondrial outer membrane produces @entity273 by oxidation of @entity1154 substrates, and induces oxidative stress resulting in @entity528 . On the other hand, a series of inhibitors of type B @entity11926 ( @entity11927 ) protect neurons from cell @entity204 . These results suggest that @entity11926 may be involved in the cell @entity204 process initiated in mitochondria. However, the direct involvement of @entity11926 in the apoptotic signaling has been scarcely reported. In this paper, we present our recent results on the role of @entity11926 in activating and regulating cell @entity204 processing in mitochondria. Type A @entity11926 ( @entity11926 ) was found to bind an endogenous dopaminergic neurotoxin, @entity35731 , and induce apoptosis in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells containing only @entity11926 . To examine the intervention of @entity11927 in apoptotic process, @entity1 @entity11927 cDNA was transfected to SH-SY5Y cells, but the sensitivity to @entity35731 was not affected, even though the activity and protein of @entity11927 were expressed markedly. @entity11927 oxidized @entity935 with production of @entity273 , whereas in control cells expressing only @entity11926 , @entity935 autoxidation produced @entity224 and @entity935 - @entity3276 , and induced mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis. @entity22396 and other @entity11927 inhibitors prevent the activation of apoptotic cascade and induce prosurvival genes, such as @entity588 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, in @entity11926 -containing cells. These results demonstrate a novel function of @entity11926 in the induction and regulation of apoptosis. Future studies will clarify more detailed mechanism behind regulation of mitochondrial @entity204 signaling by @entity11926 , and bring out new strategies to cure or ameliorate the decline of neurons in @entity179 .

title: Involvement of type A @entity1154 oxidase in neurodegeneration: regulation of mitochondrial signaling leading to cell XXXX or neuroprotection.

entities_list: @entity22396 :: ('MESH:C031967', 'Chemical') :: ['Rasagiline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity35731 :: ('MESH:C032837', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl(R)salsolinol']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['Monoamine', 'monoamine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Each year, about 1,600 @entity1 in the United States are infected with @entity12949 . We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of antiviral drug therapy ( @entity1033 ) for three @entity2025 : @entity272 ( @entity272 ), central nervous system (CNS), and disseminated multiorgan (DIS) disease. Five levels of @entity1 outcomes were examined (normal, mild, moderate, severe, dead). We obtained information on disease occurrence and survival from clinical trials and historical reviews of untreated newborns. We considered approaches for treating all or any of the forms of the disease and compared them with no use of antiviral drugs. The main measure of effectiveness was lives saved, including those of descendants of survivors. Costs were measured from a societal perspective and included direct medical costs, institutional care, and special education. We used a discount rate of 3% and valued dollars at 1995 levels. We also considered the perspective of a managed care organization. From a societal viewpoint relative to no treatment, antiviral therapy for @entity272 resulted in a gain of 0.8 lives and a cost reduction of  78,601 per case. For the treatment of CNS and DIS disease, antiviral therapy saved more lives but at increased cost, with respective marginal costs per additional life saved of  75,125 and  46,619. From a managed care perspective, antiviral therapy is more cost-effective than from a societal viewpoint because costs of institutional care and special education are not the responsibility of managed care organizations. Development of at-home therapies will further improve the cost-effectiveness of antiviral therapy for @entity12949 .

title: Antiviral therapy for XXXX : a cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity12949 :: ('MESH:C536395', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal herpes simplex virus infection', 'neonatal herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['forms of herpes simplex virus infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin, ear, and mouth', 'SEM']

answer: @entity12949 :: (MESH:C536395,Disease) :: ['neonatal herpes simplex virus']


abstract: Weakly electric fish are good model animals to study the evolution of interspecific and sexual differences in communication signals. This is because the neural circuits producing these signals are simple and conserved among related species while the signals are highly species-specific, sexually-dimorphic, and under hormonal control. Here we focus on two related species of weakly electric gymnotiform fish that emit a wave-type discharge. These species differ in the direction of the sexual dimorphism of their electric organ discharge (EOD) frequencies and their propensity to produce aggressive communication signals called 'chirps'. Brown ghost ( @entity42034 leptorhynchus) males produce high frequency EODs while females produce low frequency EODs. When presented with an EOD mimic, males chirp frequently, while females seldom chirp. By contrast, @entity42034 (A. albifrons) males discharge at lower EOD frequencies than females, and there is no sex difference in chirping in this species. Accordingly, non-aromatizable androgens raise EOD frequency in brown ghosts, but lower it in @entity42034 . Androgens induce chirping in female brown ghosts, but do not increase the propensity to chirp in female @entity42034 . Thus, the difference in sexually-dimorphic communication signals between these two species can be explained by differences in their responses to sex @entity230 . Future studies will elucidate how the neural circuits generating these signals are differentially sensitive to @entity230 in these species.

title: Sex XXXX and communication signals in electric fish: a tale of two species.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity42034 :: ('36673', 'Species') :: ['black ghosts', 'black ghost', 'Apteronotus']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) represent prototypic viruses of the beta-subgroup of herpesviruses. @entity21215 ) infects @entity19 as its natural host. Among viruses, CMVs have evolved the most extensive genetic repertoire to subvert MHC class I functions. To date three @entity20589 proteins have been identified which affect MHC I complexes. They are encoded by members of large virus-specific gene families located at either flanking region of the 235 kb @entity20589 genome. The MHC I subversive genes belong to the early class of genes and code for type I transmembrane glycoproteins. The m152-encoded 37/40 kDa glycoprotein interacts with MHC I transiently and retains class I complexes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi intermediate compartment on its journey to the endolysosome. In contrast, the m06-encoded glycoprotein of 48 kDa complexes tightly with ternary MHC class I molecules in the FR. Due to sorting signals in its cytoplasmic tail, gp48 redirects MHC I to endolysosomal compartments for @entity2835 . Likewise, the 34 kDa glycoprotein encoded by m04 binds tightly to MHC class I complexes in the ER but the @entity16348 /MHC I complex reaches the plasma membrane. The @entity405 + T-cell-dependent attenuation of a m152 deletion mutant virus proves for the first time that inhibition of antigen presentation is indeed essential for the biological fitness of CMVs in vivo.

title: Cytomegaloviral control of MHC class I function in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['proteolytic destruction']

entities_list: @entity21215 :: ('10366', 'Species') :: ['Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: This is a prospective cohort study of @entity1 with acute treated severe @entity13549 . The objectives of the study are, firstly, to describe the recovery of muscle performance by manual and isokinetic muscle testing in @entity1 with acute severe @entity13549 over 1 year, and secondly, to discuss the potential clinical relevance of the isokinetic testing of the ankle for @entity1 with @entity697 . In clinical daily practice, muscle performance is evaluated by means of isometric manual tests. Different authors using manual muscle tests have reported the long-term outcome of the muscle function in @entity1 with @entity13549 . Overall, the results are good in terms of the recovery of muscle strength. However, it is not clear whether the isometric strength is sufficiently relevant to evaluate the more complete muscle performance of the affected muscles in @entity1 with @entity13549 . This study presents data on the muscle recovery measured with manual testing and isokinetic testing of @entity1 with severe @entity13549 . Consecutive @entity1 admitted to the Cantonal Hospital for conservative management of severe @entity697 were eligible for inclusion in the study. @entity1 were evaluated at admission, discharge, and follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months. All the visits included a standardized clinical examination and the completion of questionnaires. Imaging and electromyography were conducted at the first visit. Isokinetic muscle tests at 30 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s were performed at discharge and follow-up visits. Manual and isokinetic tests were performed on foot and ankle flexor and extensor muscles. Eighty-two consecutive @entity1 (66% @entity1 ), with a mean age of 43 (+/-10.3) years, entered the study. The prevalence of major @entity425 was low, with 7% of @entity1 unable to perform toe walking and 11% unable to walk on the heel at visit one. Moreover, @entity51 defined as a score of 4 or less (out of 5) was found in 15% of subjects at the first evaluation. Such severe deficits were not found during the last three visits. The isokinetic tests showed a higher prevalence of muscle function impairment. At visit 5, the isokinetic test showed @entity121 recovery from 23% to 32%, while the manual test showed almost full recovery. The issues of agreement between manual and isokinetic muscle testing are discussed. In this selected and homogeneous cohort of @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity51 was rather low and the outcome excellent according to the results of the manual testing. Isokinetic muscle tests showed a higher prevalence of deficit and a much slower recovery. The manual muscle test is a crude clinical test. For more indepth muscle performance evaluation, additional testing may be necessary, especially for those @entity1 with physically demanding jobs or activities.

title: Recovery of XXXX in severe @entity13549 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute sciatica']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['impaired muscle function']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['impaired muscle function']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1823 are @entity5 that develop from extraadrenal chromaffin cells. Approximately 20% of @entity1823 are malignant, and surgical resection is considered the primary treatment when possible. The optimal systemic treatment for @entity1442 is undefined, due in part to lack of effective agents. Here we report our experience suggesting that @entity2240 is an effective agent in this malignancy. SETTING AND @entity1 : Three @entity1 with metastatic @entity1823 were treated with @entity2240 at the Princess Margaret Hospital. Limited analyses of @entity5 tissue and germline DNA were available. INTERVENTION: @entity2240 at a standard dose (50 mg daily, 4 wk on, 2 wk off) was titrated to @entity1 tolerance. RESULTS: One @entity1 has achieved a near complete response, and two @entity1 demonstrated partial responses. Two @entity1 demonstrated germline defects suggesting @entity5 whereas the third demonstrated immunohistochemical evidence of this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2240 appears to be an active agent in this malignancy based on this limited cohort, with an understandable mechanism of action similar to that described in other @entity5 . A single arm phase 2 trial is underway.

title: Rationale and evidence for @entity2240 in the treatment of XXXX /pheochromocytoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'hypoxia-driven tumors', 'a pseudo-hypoxic drive to the tumor']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['Paragangliomas', 'paragangliomas', 'paraganglioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant paraganglioma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity2232 is a potent bronchoconstrictor, and @entity748 demonstrate @entity2488 to ET-1 given by inhalation. @entity2178 (Ang II) is increased in plasma in acute severe @entity565 , causes bronchoconstriction in @entity748 , and potentiates contractions induced by ET-1 in @entity291 bronchial smooth muscle in vitro, and contractions induced by @entity2710 both in vitro and in vivo. We wished to examine any potentiation of the bronchoconstrictor activity of inhaled ET-1 by infused Ang II at subbronchoconstrictor doses. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Asthma research unit in university hospital. @entity1 : Eight asthmatic subjects with baseline FEV1 88% predicted, @entity6587 (geometric mean, concentration of @entity2710 producing 20% fall, @entity2710 PC20 2.5 mg/mL), and mean age 37.1 years. INTERVENTIONS: We examined the effect of subbronchoconstrictor doses of infused Ang II (1 ng/kg/min and 2 ng/kg/min) or placebo on bronchoconstrictor responses to inhaled ET-1 (dose range, 0.96 to 15.36 nmol). MEASUREMENTS: @entity26 saturation, noninvasive BP, and spirometric measurements were made throughout the study visits. Blood was sampled for plasma Ang II levels at baseline and before and after ET-1 inhalation. RESULTS: Ang II infusion did not produce bronchoconstriction per se at either dose prior to ET-1 challenge. Bronchial challenge with inhaled ET-1 produced dose-dependent bronchoconstriction, but there was no difference in bronchial responsiveness to ET-1 comparing infusion of placebo with Ang II at 1 ng/kg/min or 2 ng/kg/min (geometric mean, concentration of ET-1 producing 15% fall, 5.34 nmol, 4.95 nmol, and 4.96 nmol, respectively) (analysis of variance, p > 0.05). There was an increase in systolic and diastolic BP at the higher dose of Ang II compared to placebo (mean 136/86 vs 117/75 mm Hg, respectively). Plasma Ang II was elevated following infusion of both doses of Ang II compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the potentiating effect on @entity2710 -induced bronchoconstriction, Ang II at subbronchoconstrictor doses does not potentiate ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction in @entity565 .

title: Effect of infused XXXX on the bronchoconstrictor activity of inhaled @entity2232 in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: Reflectance spectroscopy can be used to quantitate subtle differences in color. We applied a portable reflectance spectrometer to determine its utility in the evaluation of pulsed dye laser treatment of @entity3809 ( @entity3809 ) and in prediction of clinical outcome, in a prospective study. Forty-eight @entity1 with @entity3809 underwent one to nine pulsed dye laser treatments. @entity1 age and skin color as well as @entity3809 surface area, anatomic location, and color were recorded. Pretreatment spectrophotometric measurements were performed. The subjective clinical results of treatment and the quantitative spectrophotometry results were evaluated by two independent teams, and the findings were correlated. The impact of the clinical characteristics on the response to treatment was assessed as well. @entity1 with excellent to good clinical results of laser treatments had pretreatment spectrophotometric measurements which differed by more than 10%, whereas @entity1 with fair to poor results had spectrophotometric measurements with a difference of of less than 10%. The correlation between the spectrophotometric results and the clinical outcome was 73% (p < 0.01). The impact of the other clinical variables on outcome agreed with the findings in the literature. Spectrophotometry has a higher correlation with clinical outcome and a better predictive value than other nonmeasurable, nonquantitative, dependent variables.

title: Use of reflectance spectrophotometry to predict the response of XXXX to pulsed dye laser.

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'port wine stains']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

answer: @entity3809 :: (MESH:D019339,Disease) :: ['port wine stains']


abstract: A 69-year-old @entity1 with rapidly evolving vertigo and @entity2055 was admitted to our hospital. He was presented with a dysarthric speech and @entity1319 , identified as @entity1319 . Neurological examination revealed limb and @entity2055 and an inability to stand unless fully assisted. A chest CT scan revealed a mass at the anterior mediastinum, which suggested @entity16 ( @entity16 ). However, an extensive search for anti-neuronal antibodies linked to @entity6447 failed to find any autoantibodies, including cell surface autoantibodies. Subsequently, a @entity6732 was performed, leading to marked improvements in his signs and symptoms. The pathological findings by conventional and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed a @entity957 . Three months after onset his signs and symptoms improved and he was able to walk without support. In contrast to @entity704 , @entity16 is extremely rare in @entity1 with @entity704 . Previous reports have shown that neurological symptoms, similar to @entity1319 or @entity6447 , deteriorated in cases of @entity704 that could not be controlled. The present report indicates that early diagnosis and total removal of the rare @entity5 may increase the possibility of neurological recovery.

title: Marked improvement in @entity1319 and @entity6447 after the surgical removal of a XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'thymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['PNS', 'paraneoplastic neurological syndrome']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['chaotic eye movements', 'opsoclonus']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['total surgical removal of the thymic tumor']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['truncal ataxias', 'ataxia']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus']