abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate some intra-oral caries-associated variables and @entity286 use on @entity1547 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 were randomly recruited from three cross-sectional studies in J  nk  ping, Sweden, in 1983, 1993 and 2003. Each study consisted of 130 individuals in each of the 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70-year age groups. Of these, 550, 552 and 523 dentate individuals attended respective year of examination. They were all examined both clinically and radiographically. A questionnaire was completed in conjunction with the examination. In the studies, 345 were smokers, 104 snus users and 1142 non- @entity286 users, in total 1591 individuals. RESULTS: In 1983 and 1993, there were no significant differences in mean DFS between non-users and smokers, but a statistically significantly higher mean DFS in comparison with snus users. In 2003, there was no statistically significant difference in mean DFS between the groups. Multiple regressions showed that, after adjusting for age, gender and socio-demographic variables, there was a statistically significant association between DFS and smoking in 1983 (smoking excluded in favour of lactobacilli when further analysed) and DFS and plaque index (PLI) in 1993. In 2003, there was no association, apart from buffer capacity (Power rising) between DFS and the examined intra-oral caries-associated variables and @entity286 use. CONCLUSIONS: The results of these epidemiological studies, performed in 1993 and 2003, indicate that daily smoking or snus use does not increase the risk of @entity1547 .

title: XXXX in relation to smoking and the use of Swedish snus: epidemiological studies covering 20 years (1983-2003).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['Dental caries']


abstract: Besides providing effective analgesia, thoracic epidural anesthesia ( @entity1041 ) has been shown to decrease perioperative morbidity and mortality. Because of its vasodilatory properties in association with the sympathetic blockade, however, @entity1041 may potentially aggravate @entity65 resulting from @entity295 and @entity1850 . The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of @entity1041 on hemodynamics, global @entity26 transport, and renal function in ovine @entity5694 . After a baseline measurement in healthy @entity742 (n = 18), @entity5746 was centrally infused at incremental doses to induce and maintain a @entity551 -hypodynamic circulation using an established protocol. The animals were then randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the treatment group, continuous @entity1041 was initiated with 0.1 mL.kg of 0.125% @entity1341 at the onset of @entity5694 and maintained with 0.1 mL.kg.h. In the control group, the same amount of isotonic @entity2827 solution was injected through the epidural catheter. In the animals surviving the entire experiment (n = 7 per group), cardiac index and mean arterial pressure decreased in a dose-dependent manner during endotoxin infusion. In the @entity1041 group, neither systemic hemodynamics nor global @entity26 transport were impaired beyond the changes caused by @entity5694 itself. Urinary output was increased in the @entity1041 group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In this model of @entity326 , @entity1041 improved renal perfusion without affecting cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and global @entity26 transport.

title: Effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on hemodynamics and global XXXX transport in ovine @entity5694 .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella typhosa endotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular dysfunctions']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Euphorbia hirta (E. hirta) is a weed commonly found in tropical countries and has been used traditionally for @entity565 , @entity3617 and @entity2024 . However, one of the constituents in this plant, @entity3092 , was previously reported to be mutagenic. This work aimed to determine the level of @entity3092 in the aqueous and @entity1042 plant extracts and to investigate the mutagenic effects of @entity3092 and the extracts in the Ames test utilising the mutant @entity2491 TA98 and TA100 strains. The antimutagenic activity of Euphorbia hirta aqueous and @entity1042 extracts was also studied in @entity2491 TA98. HPLC analyses showed that @entity3092 and @entity15604 , a glycosidic form of @entity3092 , were present in the acid-hydrolysed @entity1042 extract and non-hydrolysed @entity1042 extract respectively. The @entity3092 concentration was negligible in both non-hydrolysed and acid-hydrolysed aqueous extracts. The total phenolic contents in Euphorbia hirta were determined to be 268 and 93 mg @entity11676 equivalent (GAE) per gram of aqueous and @entity1042 extracts, respectively. @entity3092 (25 microg/mL) was found to be strongly mutagenic in @entity2491 TA98 in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation. However, both the aqueous and @entity1042 extracts did not demonstrate any mutagenic properties when tested with @entity2491 TA98 and TA100 strains at concentrations up to 100 microg/mL in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation. In the absence of S-9 metabolic activation, both the extracts were unable to inhibit the mutagenicity of the known mutagen, @entity31277 , in @entity2491 TA98. On the other hand, the aqueous extracts at 100 microg/mL and @entity1042 extracts at 10 and 100 microg/mL exhibited strong antimutagenic activity against the mutagenicity of @entity18645 , a known mutagen, in the presence of S-9 metabolic activating enzymes. The results indicated that these extracts could modulate the xenobiotic metabolising enzymes in the liver at the higher concentrations.

title: Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of aqueous and XXXX extracts of Euphorbia hirta.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity18645 :: ('MESH:C006593', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminoanthracene']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['gallic acid']

entities_list: @entity31277 :: ('MESH:C019499', 'Chemical') :: ['2-nitrofluorene']

answer: @entity1042 :: (MESH:D000432,Chemical) :: ['methanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity32 cycle has been implicated as a critical component in @entity311 pathogenesis. Defibrotide (DF), a mixture of DNA aptamers, displays anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial cell (EC)-protective activities and has been successfully used to treat @entity772 @entity1 with @entity5501 . DF was investigated here as a drug to treat @entity6197 . METHODS AND RESULTS: DF blocks tissue factor expression by ECs incubated with parasitized red blood cells and attenuates prothrombinase activity, @entity1423 , and complement activation. In contrast, it does not affect @entity842 bioavailability. We also demonstrated that @entity3964 @entity4495 (Pf-GPI) induces tissue factor expression in ECs and cytokine production by dendritic cells. Notably, dendritic cells, known to modulate coagulation and @entity32 systemically, were identified as a novel target for DF. Accordingly, DF inhibits Toll-like receptor ligand-dependent dendritic cells activation by a mechanism that is blocked by @entity859 receptor antagonist ( @entity20940 ) but not reproduced by synthetic @entity27813 , -T, and -G. These results imply that aptameric sequences and @entity859 receptor mediate dendritic cells responses to the drug. DF also prevents rosetting formation, red blood cells invasion by @entity3964 and abolishes oocysts development in @entity313 . In a @entity19 model of @entity6197 , DF affected @entity5895 , decreased IFN-y levels, and ameliorated clinical score (day 5) with a trend for increased survival. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic use of DF in @entity311 is proposed.

title: Defibrotide interferes with several steps of the XXXX cycle and exhibits therapeutic potential to treat severe @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'coagulation-inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity20940 :: ('MESH:C031433', 'Chemical') :: ['8-p-sulfophenyltheophylline']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['coagulation-inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) on respiratory mortality and systemic @entity32 among @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is largely unknown. We used data from 2 large studies to determine the relationship between @entity1224 and FEV1 decline, respiratory mortality, and systemic @entity32 . OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the relationship of @entity1224 with FEV1 decline, respiratory mortality, and systemic inflammatory burden in @entity1 with @entity1030 in the Lung Health Study (LHS) and the Groningen Leiden Universities Corticosteroids in @entity3885 (GLUCOLD) study. METHODS: The LHS enrolled current smokers with mild-to-moderate @entity1030 (n  =  5887), and the GLUCOLD study enrolled former and current smokers with moderate-to-severe @entity1030 (n  =  51). For the primary analysis, we defined @entity1224 by a @entity2710 provocation concentration of 4  mg/mL or less, which led to a 20% reduction in FEV1 (PC20). RESULTS: The primary outcomes were FEV1 decline, respiratory mortality, and biomarkers of systemic @entity32 . Approximately 24% of LHS @entity1 had @entity1224 . Compared with @entity1 without @entity1224 , @entity1 with @entity1224 had a 2-fold increased risk of respiratory mortality (hazard ratio, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.38-4.11; P  =  .002) and experienced an accelerated FEV1 decline by 13.2  mL/y in the LHS (P  =  .007) and by 12.4  mL/y in the much smaller GLUCOLD study (P  =  .079). @entity1 with @entity1224 had generally reduced burden of systemic inflammatory biomarkers than did those without @entity1224 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1224 is common in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity1030 , affecting 1 in 4 @entity1 and identifies a distinct subset of @entity1 who have increased risk of disease progression and mortality. @entity1224 may represent a spectrum of the asthma- @entity1030 overlap phenotype that urgently requires disease modification.

title: Airway hyperresponsiveness in @entity1030 : A  marker of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive Lung Disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['AHR', 'airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome']


abstract: Cell-matrix interactions play a fundamental role in normal and pathological conditions. They can be mediated by the cytoadhesin subgroup of the integrin superfamily of adhesion molecules. Its members include the @entity4732 receptor (VNR) and the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa ( @entity1427 /IIIa). Both receptors are composed of an @entity7722 (alpha v and alpha IIb, respectively) coupled to a @entity1093 -chain. Using in situ immunohistochemistry and monoclonal antibodies, the authors studied the distribution of @entity1428 -chain), @entity1427 (alpha IIb-chain) and VNR (alpha v-chain) in normal and pathological corneal tissues. In the normal @entity267 , the limbal vascular endothelium was weakly alpha v-positive. Occasionally, faint and granular staining was seen in the epithelium. In the pathological samples, an upregulated expression of the alpha v-chain was noticed on the corneal epithelium as well as on fibroblasts and corneal endothelium. The alpha IIb and @entity1093 -chains were consistently absent. These data suggest that expression of the @entity9615 v-chain in the @entity1 @entity267 is modulated by soluble factors released during @entity32 and wound healing. Dissociation of expression of the @entity1093 -chains suggests usage of an alternative beta-chain by the @entity9615 v-chain.

title: Localization of the cytoadhesin integrins in the @entity1 XXXX . An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1428 :: ('3690', 'Gene') :: ['GP IIIa (common beta 3']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: Fluctuations of cortical @entity935 during feeding were examined by in vivo microdialysis. @entity935 (DA), @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ), and @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Food-deprived @entity35 were trained to eat by pressing a bar for food when a light and a feeder were turned on. The day of the experiment a microdialysis probe was inserted in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the @entity35 and dialysates were collected every 20 minutes while the light and the feeder were off. When the neurochemical baseline was stable the light and the feeder were turned on for 20 minutes only. During this time the @entity35 ate (mean 204 pellets = 9.2 g) and DA increased about 55%, remained high for another 20 minutes and then gradually returned toward baseline levels. @entity4925 increased 30% in the first 20 minutes after the eating bout. @entity3829 increased 40 minutes after the eating bout. Histology showed the probes were located in the anteromedial region of the PFC. We conclude that @entity935 turnover in the mesocortical system increases during feeding under the conditions used. The results are discussed in terms of the role of the PFC in food intake modulation.

title: Feeding can enhance XXXX turnover in the prefrontal cortex.

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The effectiveness of @entity27142 ( @entity27142 , referred to hereafter as LY), a lipopeptide, was studied in a @entity19 @entity7553 model. @entity2659 @entity19 (5 weeks old) were injected intravenously with 3 x 10(5) @entity5132 @entity375 cells. Intraperitoneal LY or @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) therapy was begun 4 days after @entity281 and was continued daily for 2 weeks. LY and @entity11015 were compared at 62.5, 6.25, and 0.625 mg/kg per day, with the LY dose split into two treatments per day. @entity19 were observed for 30 days postinfection, and survivors were necropsied. @entity11015 at 62.5 mg/kg per day was lethal in the absence of @entity281 . Cumulative mortality for infected controls was 94% (17 of 18). Survival of @entity19 treated with the control diluent for LY was the same as survival with no treatment. Survival after 0.625 mg of LY per kg per day was the same as that of the controls, and 6.25 or 62.5 mg of LY per kg per day was significantly superior. @entity11015 treatment at 0.625 or 6.25 mg/kg per day was protective and superior to the same LY doses. @entity8 were common in @entity11015 -treated @entity19 , and @entity19 treated with 6.25 mg of @entity11015 per kg per day appeared ill during therapy. The number of CFU recovered from kidneys and spleens of surviving @entity19 reflected the same relationships between drugs and doses as those described for mortality. @entity5132 was not cleared from the kidneys of @entity19 in any group, and only in the 6.25-mg/kg-per-day @entity11015 treatment group was not detectable @entity5132 found in the spleens. These data indicate that LY or @entity11015 suppresses candida @entity281 but neither is curative in this model.

title: Comparative effects of @entity27142 and @entity2379 on experimental XXXX @entity7553 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophied kidneys']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity1 cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (hCMPCs) are cardiac progenitor cells that are unique for their efficient differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes without requiring co-culture with neonatal cardiomyocytes. hCMPCs have shown great potential in preserving the function of infarcted @entity19 myocardium. @entity10073 has been reported to be up-regulated in differentiated hCMPCs, however, its biological significance is unclear. In this study, hCMPC proliferation, viability, apoptosis and @entity39 were determined using the ELISA Kit (colorimetric @entity1603 detection), Cell Counting Kit-8, and @entity4404 and @entity2667 staining, respectively. @entity10073 inhibition promoted hCMPC proliferation without affecting cell viability and the level of apoptosis and @entity39 , indicating that @entity10073 might be required for hCMPC differentiation. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions were used to detect the expression profile of cardiac genes, including @entity6998 , @entity15774 , @entity21505 , TropT, bMHC, and @entity35157 . Cardiac a-actin staining was used to quantify the degree of differentiation. @entity10073 inhibition significantly down-regulated TropT, bMHC, and @entity35157 and reduced differentiation by 47.81% after 2 weeks of differentiation induction. Interestingly, @entity10073 mimics (30 nM) did not promote hCMPC proliferation and differentiation. The bioinformatic tool GOmir identified the @entity1436 ( @entity1436 ) as a potential target, which was confirmed by Western blot and a luciferase reporter assay. @entity1436 overexpression promoted hCMPC proliferation, further demonstrating the role played by @entity1436 as a target gene of @entity10073 . Therefore, @entity10073 is required for hCMPC differentiation and @entity1436 is a target gene of @entity10073 in hCMPCs. This study indicates that @entity10073 is among the regulators that drive hCMPC proliferation and differentiation, and @entity10073 might be used to influence cell fate.

title: MicroRNA-204 is required for differentiation of XXXX -derived cardiomyocyte progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1436 :: ('1386', 'Gene') :: ['ATF-2', 'activating transcription factor 2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: As a preliminary step to evaluating the acute neurobehavioral effects of @entity7294 solvents and to establish a working model for extrapolating animal test data to @entity1 , joint neurobehavioral/toxicokinetic studies were conducted which involved administering @entity1068 to @entity35 and volunteers. The specific objectives of the present studies were to evaluate the acute central nervous system (CNS) effects of @entity1068 in @entity35 and @entity1 and to assess relationships between internal levels of exposure and behavioral effects. A more general objective was to validate a battery of neurobehavioral tests that could be used to carry out comparative studies in both species. Accordingly, a range of tests including standardized observational measures, spontaneous motor activity assessments and learned visual discrimination performance was utilized in @entity35 studies to evaluate acute CNS effects. Groups of @entity35 were given @entity1068 at levels of approximately 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0g/kg, with blood level measurements to verify internal doses. In a volunteer study, 12 healthy male subjects were given 0.65g/kg @entity1068 , a level approximating the limit for motor vehicle operation in The Netherlands, and neurobehavioral effects were measured prior to and 1 and 3h after @entity1068 administration, with a computerized neurobehavioral test battery. Blood and air measurements were made to quantify internal doses. Results of the behavioral tests in @entity35 provided evidence of @entity1068 -induced changes in neuromuscular, sensori-motor, and activity domains. There were also significant changes in visual discrimination, particularly in the areas of general measures of responding and psychomotor speed. In @entity1 there were small but statistically significant effects on learning and memory, psychomotor skills and attention. However, the effects were subtle and not all parameters within given domains were affected. These studies demonstrated a qualitative similarity in response between @entity35 and @entity1 .

title: Model studies for evaluating the acute neurobehavioral effects of complex @entity7294 solvents I. Validation of methods with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between multi-slice computed tomographic perfusion imaging (CTPI) parameters and immunohistologic markers of angiogenesis in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with histologically proven @entity1721 were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent multi-slice CT perfusion scan. The hemodynamic parameters of @entity5 , including blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time ( @entity98 ) and permeability surface (PS) were generated. All the @entity1721 specimens were stained immunohistochemically to identify @entity2279 for quantification of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ). CTPI parameters were correlated with @entity2101 by using Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: The value of CT perfusion parameters of @entity1721 were as follows: BF 116.71    47.59 ml/100 g/min, BV 6.74    2.70 ml/100 g, @entity98 6.42    2.84 s, PS 13.82    6.25 ml/100 g/min. The mean @entity2101 of all 50 @entity5 specimens was 34.44    19.75. The PS values were significantly higher in @entity1721 @entity1 with involvement of lymph node than those without involvement of lymph node (p < 0.01). Blood volume and permeability surface were positively correlated with @entity2101 (p < 0.01), whereas no significant correlation was observed between @entity2101 and BF or between @entity2101 and @entity98 . CONCLUSIONS: Blood volume and permeability surface were positively correlated with @entity2101 . CTPI could reflect the angiogenesis in @entity1721 .

title: XXXX : assessing @entity5 angiogenesis using multi-slice CT perfusion imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['microvessel density', 'MVD']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity11102 is a common zoonotic @entity166 caused by @entity2711 . It is generally characterized by regional @entity3329 following exposure to an infected cat. Organ systemic manifestations occur rarely in atypical forms of the disease. Abscess of the spleen represents a rare, life-threatening clinical entity. Here we report an unusual case of @entity11102 presenting as an isolated @entity733 in an immunocompetent adult. Comprehensive social history revealed retrospectively close contact with @entity468 . Diagnosis of @entity2711 @entity281 was confirmed on the basis of positive serology, @entity272 and imaging findings. Initial efforts at spleen preserving management failed to improve clinical symptoms and classical splenectomy was finally performed. @entity12358 may become potentially fatal if not recognized. Since diagnosis is challenging, a high index of clinical suspicion is required.

title: @entity11102 presenting as a solitary XXXX in an immunocompetent adult: case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity12358 :: ('MESH:D001474', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic bartonellosis']

entities_list: @entity2711 :: ('38323', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella henselae', 'B. henselae']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['splenic abscess']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['cat scratch disease', 'Cat-scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['splenic abscess']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Accurate and prospective assessments of treatment-emergent suicidal thoughts and behaviors are essential to both clinical care and randomized clinical trials. The Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale is a prospective, @entity1 self-report or clinician-administered rating scale that tracks both treatment-emergent suicidal ideation and behaviors. The Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale was incorporated into a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and active comparator study examining the efficacy of an experimental corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist ( @entity31940 ) for the treatment of generalized @entity148 . METHOD: The Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale was administered to subjects at baseline, Week 2, Week 4, and Week 8 or early termination. Subjects completed theSheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale by self report. The Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale was designated as an exploratory outcome measure in the study protocol, and post-hoc analyses were performed to examine the performance of the Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale. RESULTS: A total of 82 subjects completed the Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale during the course of the study. Altogether, these subjects provided 297 completed Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale ratings across the study time points. Sixty-one subjects (n=25 placebo, n=24 @entity31940 , and n=12 @entity837 ) had a baseline and at least one post-baseline Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale measurement. The mean change from baseline at Week 8 in the Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale total score was -0.10, -0.02, and -0.06 for @entity837 , placebo, and @entity31940 groups, respectively. The sensitivity of the Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale and HAM-D Item #3 (suicide) for identifying subjects with suicidal thoughts or behaviors was 100 percent and 63 percent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale may be a sensitive psychometric tool to prospectively assess for treatment-emergent suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Despite the small sample size and low occurrence of suicidal ideation during the course of this clinical trial, the self-reported Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale demonstrated increased sensitivity over the rater administered HAM-D Item #3 in identifying suicide related ideations and behaviors. Further research in larger study samples as well as in other @entity146 are needed.

title: Sheehan Suicidality Tracking Scale (Sheehan-STS): Preliminary Results from a Multicenter Clinical Trial in Generalized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety Disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Venom-induced @entity1003 (VICC) is a major effect of snake envenoming. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether fresh frozen plasma (FFP) given after antivenom resulted in more rapid correction of coagulation. @entity1 /METHODS: This was a multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial in @entity1 with VICC of FFP vs. no FFP within 4  h of antivenom administration. @entity1 (>  2  years) recruited to the Australian snakebite project with VICC (International Normalized Ratio [INR]  >  3) were eligible. @entity1 were randomized 2  :  1 to receive FFP or no FFP. The primary outcome was the proportion with an INR of <  2 at 6  h after antivenom administration. Secondary outcomes included time from antivenom administration to discharge, adverse effects, major @entity548 , and @entity204 . RESULTS: Of 70 eligible @entity1 , 65 consented to be randomized: 41 to FFP, and 24 to no FFP. Six hours after antivenom administration, more @entity1 randomized to FFP had an INR of <  2 (30/41 [73%] vs. 6/24 [25%]; absolute difference, 48%; 95% confidence interval  23-73%; P  =  0.0002). The median time from antivenom administration to discharge was similar (34  h, range  14-230  h vs. 39  h, range  14-321  h; P  =  0.44). Seven @entity1 developed systemic @entity56 reactions after antivenom administration - two mild and one severe (FFP arm), and three mild and one severe (no FFP). One serious adverse event ( @entity932 and @entity204 ) occurred in an FFP @entity1 with pre-existing @entity101 , who was @entity101 on admission, and developed a @entity10 6  h after FFP administration. Post  hoc analysis showed that the median time from bite to FFP administration was significantly shorter for non-responders to FFP than for responders (4.7  h, interquartile range [IQR]  4.2-6.7  h vs. 7.3  h, IQR  6.1-8  h; P  =  0.002). CONCLUSIONS: FFP administration after antivenom administration results in more rapid restoration of clotting function in most @entity1 , but no decrease in discharge time. Early FFP administration (<  6-8  h) post-bite is less likely to be effective.

title: A randomized controlled trial of fresh frozen plasma for treating venom-induced XXXX in cases of Australian snakebite (ASP-18).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumption coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['consumption coagulopathy']


abstract: A 46-year-old male (performance status 1) with @entity157 ( @entity157 ), which diffusely involved the anterior segment of the right lobe, occluded the second portal branch and metastased to the left lobe (stage IV-A), was on combined therapy with TAE of @entity4831 (LPD), @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) 10 mg and gelatin sponge at the time of angiography on March 16, 1987. Immunochemotherapy with tegafur suppository (Teg sp) 1,000 mg/day and @entity1012 i.m. was performed for one month after TAE. Instead of @entity1012 , @entity27610 (LNT) 2 mg in 20% @entity413 sol. 20 ml i.v./wk was combined with Teg sp 1,000 mg/day from May 13, 1987. Teg sp was reduced to 1,000 mg/2 days from June of the same year, and since then the same therapy of Teg + LNT has been continuing even now. Serum AFP values showing 150 X 10(4) ng/ml at maximum were decreased down to less than 20 ng/ml 13 months after this therapy (total doses: Teg ca. 250 g, LNT 108 mg), remaining still normal. Marked reduction in the size of the lesion (PR) by the therapy has also been proved by the body CT. His PS is now in grade 0. Although in this case the initial steep decline in AFP values was possibly brought about by TAE, the successive antitumor effect indicated by persistent low AFP values may have been mainly due to Teg + LNT. Collection of data on the therapy is needed to clarify this point.

title: [Successful therapy with tegafur and lentinan after TAE for XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Platelet aggregation, and activation of coagulation cascade are the key events in the development of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). @entity1 with this syndrome are at high risk of adverse events, such as @entity204 and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Optimized medical treatment for the non-ST segment elevation ACSs should consist of a combined anti- @entity715 /anti-anginal regimen. Standard anti- @entity715 treatment is currently unfractionated heparin (UH) and @entity117 , and in high-risk @entity1 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. UH has been shown to reduce the risk of @entity204 or @entity583 in @entity117 -treated @entity1 with ACSs, but it has a number of limitations, such as need for regular monitoring and the risk of @entity548 and @entity882 . Compared to UH, the low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) possess several important theoretical advantages for the treatment of @entity1 with ACSs, including less non-specific binding, resistance to inactivation by platelet factor-4, more reliable anticoagulation effects, and greater factor anti-Xa activity. Recently published trials strongly support the use of LMWHs in the treatment of ACSs. These agents provide an alternative to UH that is at least as effective. The available evidence favours the use of these agents in acute cardiac care. This article explores the recent clinical data on the use of LMWHs in acute cardiac care, and looks critically at the differences between traditional therapies. Recommendations regarding the use of anti- @entity715 agents in @entity1 with ACSs are also discussed.

title: Low-molecular-weight heparins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: @entity6393 has been documented both in establishment of anti- @entity5 immune responses and in @entity5 evasion. To investigate the clinical relevance of @entity6393 in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), expression status and potential significance of @entity6393 in @entity1149 were analysed. In this study, @entity6393 expression in 101 @entity1149 primary lesions and plasma soluble @entity6393 (sHLA-G) from 91 @entity1 were analysed with immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Correlations between @entity6393 status and various clinical parameters including survival time were evaluated. Meanwhile, functional analysis of transfected cell surface @entity6393 expression and plasma sHLA-G form @entity1149 @entity1 on natural killer (NK) cell cytolysis were performed. Data revealed that @entity6393 was expressed in 41.6% (42/101) @entity1149 primary lesions, while undetectable in adjacent normal lung tissues. @entity6393 expression in @entity1149 was strongly correlated to disease stages (P= 0.002). Plasma sHLA-G from @entity1149 @entity1 was markedly higher than that in normal controls (P= 0.004), which was significantly associated with the disease stages (I versus IV, P= 0.025; II versus IV, P= 0.029). @entity1 plasma sHLA-G level (>= median, 32.0 U/ml) had a significantly shorter survival time (P= 0.044); however, no similar significance was observed for the lesion @entity6393 expression. In vitro data showed that both cell surface @entity6393 and @entity1 plasma sHLA-G could dramatically decrease the NK cell cytolysis. Our findings indicated that both lesion @entity6393 expression and plasma sHLA-G in @entity1149 is related to the disease stage and can exert immunosuppression to the NK cell cytolysis, indicating that @entity6393 could be a potential therapeutic target. Moreover, plasma sHLA-G in @entity1149 @entity1 could be used as a prognosis factor for @entity1149 .

title: Clinical relevance and functional implications for human leucocyte antigen-g expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluates the prognostic performance of a 15 gene expression profiling (GEP) assay that assigns primary @entity2184 to prognostic subgroups: class 1 (low metastatic risk) and class 2 (high metastatic risk). DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter study. @entity1 : A total of 459 @entity1 with @entity2184 were enrolled from 12 independent centers. TESTING: Tumors were classified by GEP as class 1 or class 2. The first 260 samples were also analyzed for chromosome 3 status using a single nucleotide polymorphism assay. Net reclassification improvement analysis was performed to compare the prognostic accuracy of GEP with the 7th edition clinical Tumor-Node- @entity3 (TNM) classification and chromosome 3 status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were managed for their primary @entity5 and monitored for @entity3 . RESULTS: The GEP assay successfully classified 446 of 459 cases (97.2%). The GEP was class 1 in 276 cases (61.9%) and class 2 in 170 cases (38.1%). Median follow-up was 17.4 months (mean, 18.0 months). @entity3 was detected in 3 class 1 cases (1.1%) and 44 class 2 cases (25.9%) (log-rank test, P<10(-14)). Although there was an association between GEP class 2 and monosomy 3 (Fisher exact test, P<0.0001), 54 of 260 @entity5 (20.8%) were discordant for GEP and chromosome 3 status, among which GEP demonstrated superior prognostic accuracy (log-rank test, P = 0.0001). By using multivariate Cox modeling, GEP class had a stronger independent association with @entity3 than any other prognostic factor (P<0.0001). Chromosome 3 status did not contribute additional prognostic information that was independent of GEP (P = 0.2). At 3 years follow-up, the net reclassification improvement of GEP over TNM classification was 0.43 (P = 0.001) and 0.38 (P = 0.004) over chromosome 3 status. CONCLUSIONS: The GEP assay had a high technical success rate and was the most accurate prognostic marker among all of the factors analyzed. The GEP provided a highly significant improvement in prognostic accuracy over clinical TNM classification and chromosome 3 status. Chromosome 3 status did not provide prognostic information that was independent of GEP.

title: Collaborative Ocular Oncology Group report number 1: prospective validation of a multi-gene prognostic assay in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['posterior uveal melanomas', 'posterior uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plant infestation with @entity4801 weeds like @entity11927 induces morphological as well as biochemical changes in the host and the parasite. These modifications could be caused by a change in protein or gene activity. Using a comparative macroarray approach Cuscuta genes specifically upregulated at the host attachment site were identified. RESULTS: One of the infestation specific Cuscuta genes encodes a @entity462 protease. The protein and its intrinsic inhibitory peptide were heterologously expressed, purified and biochemically characterized. The haustoria specific enzyme was named cuscutain in accordance with similar proteins from other plants, e.g. @entity2732 . The role of cuscutain and its inhibitor during the host parasite interaction was studied by external application of an inhibitor suspension, which induced a significant reduction of successful infection events. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides new information about molecular events during the @entity4801 plant--host interaction. Inhibition of cuscutain @entity462 proteinase could provide means for antagonizing @entity4801 plants.

title: Significance of Cuscutain, a XXXX protease from @entity11927 , in host-parasite interactions.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic']

entities_list: @entity11927 :: ('4129', 'Species') :: ['Cuscuta reflexa']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: Objective. To find out the presence of @entity170 in @entity2720 @entity1 and its correlation with clinical severity and serum levels of @entity1760 , @entity920 , and @entity219 . Methods. Joint score, functional assessment score, bone densitometry, and serum @entity1760 , @entity920 and @entity219 were done in twenty male @entity2720 @entity1 and twenty controls. Results. There was highly significant lower Z scores of lumbar spine and neck of femur in @entity1 versus controls (P < 0.011). Z score of neck of femur correlated negatively with total joint score (P = 0.013) and functional assessment score (P = 0.011). Serum levels of @entity920 and @entity219 correlated positively with Z score of neck of femur (P = 0.004, P = 0.001, resp.). Conclusion. @entity170 represents a frequent concomitant observation in hemophiliacs. Screening of young hemophiliacs for @entity170 is recommended with measuring serum levels of @entity1760 , @entity920 , and @entity219 for better management of the disease.

title: Evaluation of @entity170 in @entity2720 XXXX : correlation with disease severity and serum trace minerals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early medical complications are potentially modifiable factors influencing in-hospital outcome. We investigated the influence of acute complications on mortality and poor outcome 3 months after @entity385 . METHODS: Data were obtained from @entity1 admitted to one of 13 @entity64 units of the Berlin @entity64 Registry (BSR) who participated in a 3-months-follow up between June 2010 and September 2012. We examined the influence of the cumulative number of early in-hospital complications on mortality and poor outcome ( @entity204 , disability or institutionalization) 3 months after @entity64 using multivariable logistic regression analyses and calculated attributable fractions to determine the impact of early complications on mortality and poor outcome. RESULTS: A total of 2349 @entity385 @entity1 alive at discharge from acute care were included in the analysis. Older age, @entity64 severity, @entity64 and early complications were independent predictors of mortality 3 months after @entity64 . Poor outcome was independently associated with older age, @entity64 severity, @entity64 , previous @entity64 . More than 60% of deaths and poor outcomes were attributed to age, @entity64 and @entity64 severity and in-hospital complications contributed to 12.3% of deaths and 9.1% of poor outcomes 3 months after @entity64 . CONCLUSION: The majority of deaths and poor outcomes after @entity64 were attributed to non-modifiable factors. However, early in-hospital complications significantly affect outcome in @entity1 who survived the acute phase after @entity64 , underlining the need to improve prevention and treatment of complications in hospital.

title: Influence of acute complications on outcome 3 months after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke and early complications', 'pre-stroke dependency', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The uptake of nanoparticles by cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system limits its use as colloidal drug carriers, reducing the blood circulation time and the ability to reach biological targets. In this work, the interaction between dextrin nanoparticles--recently developed in our laboratory--and @entity19 bone marrow-derived macrophages was evaluated. @entity137 and @entity842 production were studied, using the @entity98 assay and the Griess method, respectively. @entity2823 labelled nanoparticles were used to assess the phagocytic uptake and blood clearance after intravenous injection. The phagocytic uptake was analysed in vitro by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence activated cell sorting. The results show that the nanoparticles are not cytotoxic and do not stimulate the production of @entity842 by macrophages, in the range of concentrations studied. Nanoparticles are phagocytosed by macrophages and are detected inside the cells, concentrated in cellular organelles. The blood clearance study showed that the blood removal of the nanoparticles occurs with a more pronounced rate in the first 3 h after intravenous administration, with about 30% of the material remaining in systemic circulation at this stage. Given the fairly high blood circulation time and biocompatibility, the dextrin nanoparticles are promising carriers for biomedical applications. Both applications targeting phagocytic, antigen-presenting cells (for vaccination purposes) and different tissues (as drug carriers) may be envisaged, by modulation of the surface properties.

title: Dextrin nanoparticles: studies on the interaction with XXXX macrophages and blood clearance.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity1 heart harbors a population of resident progenitor cells that can be isolated by stem cell antigen-1 antibody and expanded in culture. These cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and contribute to cardiac regeneration in vivo. However, when directly injected as single cell suspension, less than 1%-5% survive and differentiate. Among the major causes of this failure are the distressing protocols used to culture in vitro and implant progenitor cells into damaged hearts. @entity1 cardiac progenitors obtained from the auricles of @entity1 were cultured as scaffoldless engineered tissues fabricated using temperature-responsive surfaces. In the engineered tissue, progenitor cells established proper three-dimensional intercellular relationships and were embedded in self-produced extracellular matrix preserving their phenotype and multipotency in the absence of significant apoptosis. After engineered tissues were leant on visceral pericardium, a number of cells migrated into the @entity19 @entity1562 and in the vascular walls, where they integrated in the respective textures. The study demonstrates the suitability of such an approach to deliver stem cells to the @entity1562 . Interestingly, the successful delivery of cells in @entity19 healthy hearts suggests that @entity1562 displays a continued cell cupidity that is strictly regulated by the limited release of progenitor cells by the adopted source. When an unregulated cell source is added to the system, cells are delivered to the @entity1562 . The exploitation of this novel concept may pave the way to the setup of new protocols in cardiac cell therapy.

title: XXXX cardiac progenitor cell grafts as unrestricted source of supernumerary cardiac cells in healthy @entity19 hearts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: For several decades, targeting of @entity5 -related vessels has been regarded as a potential anticancer therapy. Such anti-angiogenic therapy is based on the assumption that a @entity5 cannot grow beyond the limits of diffusion (about 1-2 mm) of @entity26 and nutrients from capillaries, unless angiogenesis takes place. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) plays a key role in angiogenesis, regulating vasopermeability as well as the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. In several types of @entity5 ( @entity694 , soft @entity242 and @entity356 ), serum @entity7 levels are a marker for disease stage and an indicator of @entity3 . @entity7 levels are significantly elevated in @entity2184 @entity1 with @entity3 compared to @entity1 without @entity3 . Anti-angiogenic therapy, such as bevacizumab, is currently used for the treatment of @entity3 of several @entity5 . Anti-angiogenic therapy has not yet been tested for the treatment of primary @entity2184 or related @entity3 . Clinicians, however, have a broad experience with anti-angiogenic agents in @entity1 with @entity2184 by treating the complications of radiation therapy. We will discuss @entity5 angiogenic processes and related molecular pathways in @entity2184 . The role of @entity7 and the potential use of current commercially and experimentally available anti-angiogenic drugs for the treatment of primary @entity2184 and/or @entity3 will be explained below.

title: Anti-angiogenic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: The exact diagnosis of @entity7551 remains a problem despite the advent of rapid streptococcal screening. An apparent resurgence of @entity4789 outbreaks makes it more important to attempt to accurately diagnose @entity7551 . Positive identification of streptococci should be followed by treatment with @entity114 , or @entity2929 in the @entity1 with penicillin @entity566 . The @entity1 without positive identification of streptococci will need either observation or further evaluation depending on the degree of illness. Classic croup or laryngotracheobronchitis is a clinical entity that can be diagnosed with reasonable confidence. The few @entity1 that require hospitalization can be treated with humidity, racemic @entity1425 , @entity288 , parental and @entity1 support, or any combination of these with good results. Continued observation of all @entity1 with croup is necessary to recognize the uncommon complication of bacterial @entity6062 when it occurs. @entity5847 has a varied clinical appearance and management according to age groups. @entity1 show a mixed clinical picture similar to croup, but with more obstruction. The classic @entity5847 with @entity1224 is seen in the 3-8-year-old age group. Adults have a less fulminant form of @entity14876 . @entity1 and @entity1 will need artificial airway management in most cases, whereas many adults can be treated simply with observation.

title: @entity7551 , croup, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6062 :: ('MESH:D014136', 'Disease') :: ['tracheitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity14876 :: ('MESH:D059525', 'Disease') :: ['supraglottitis']

entities_list: @entity5847 :: ('MESH:D004826', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottitis', 'Epiglottitis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['acute airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5847 :: (MESH:D004826,Disease) :: ['epiglottitis']


abstract: The Lukes/Collins classification of @entity1893 subdivides follicular center cell (FCC) @entity706 into four categories based on nuclear size, shape, and state of transformation. Because of the well-recognized difficulty in making these subdivisions in routine histologic sections, a morphometric analysis of typical small cleaved (SC), large cleaved (LC), small noncleaved (SNC), and large noncleaved (LNC) FCCs was performed to describe and compare these four categories using objective parameters. The following features, which had been previously tested on normal follicles, were measured and calculated: nuclear area (NA), nuclear contour index of ellipticity (NCIe), nuclear contour index of nuclear irregularity (NCIni), and a relative @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ). The presence of nucleoli also was recorded. Mean values for the NA, NCIe, NCIni, and @entity1480 were significantly different among all four @entity8462 subtypes, except that the @entity1480 , which reflects transformation, was similar for the SC and LC cell groups. Comparison using the proportion of cells with nucleoli in each case revealed significant differences between all but the SNC and LNC groups. The LC group had the highest mean nuclear ellipticity and nuclear irregularity values. Mean nuclear area was smallest for the SC group followed by the LC, SNC, and LNC groups. Despite these many differences, all parameters showed a broad spectrum of values when either mean values for individual cases of each FCC subtype or distribution curves for all cells within a certain subtype were compared. This morphometric data demonstrates that the four histologically recognized types of @entity8462 are distinctive using a more analytic technique. This study also provides further insight into the differences among them. Evidence of nuclear transformation (nuclear size, chromatin dispersal, and frequent nucleoli) is a more important criterion than nuclear contours in distinguishing LNC from @entity706 . Although @entity706 have some features intermediate between SC and the noncleaved @entity8462 , they more closely resemble @entity1893 . Finally morphometric analyses such as these provide an objective morphologic foundation for future prospective investigations of transformation-related phenomena; these studies may facilitate comparison of morphologic data with immunophenotype and genotype in @entity1893 and comparison of various other @entity1892 with follicular center cell neoplasms.

title: Morphometric analysis of follicular center cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'LC lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity8462 :: ('MESH:D008224', 'Disease') :: ['FCC lymphomas', 'FCC lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['SC lymphomas', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['chromatin dispersal index', 'CDI']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas']


abstract: Bumble @entity5157 (Bombus Latreille) are an important group of social insects, well recognized throughout northern temperate regions as important pollinators of wild and agricultural plants. Little is known about the biology of this group in southern portions of the Americas, especially in Mesoamerica, a region of geological and ecological complexity from Mexico through Central America. One ubiquitous Mesoamerican species, Bombus ephippiatus, is enigmatic. Like many other Bombus, this species is homogeneous in body structure yet exhibits striking intraspecific color pattern polymorphism across its range, leading to uncertainty about its genealogical boundaries. It has been grouped taxonomically with B. wilmattae, a species narrowly restricted to southern Mexico and northern Guatamala. Furthermore, the relationships between these two taxa and a third species, @entity27456 , found only in America north of Mexico, have been controversial. Our phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from mitochondrial COI and nuclear @entity27457 and CAD resolves the phylogeny of these three taxa as ( @entity27456 , (B. ephippiatus, B. wilmattae)). Additional data from eight nuclear microsatellite markers reveal complex patterns of genetic divergence and isolation among populations of B. ephippiatus across its extensive geographic range, providing evidence for multiple independent evolutionary lineages. These lineages correspond not only to geographic and habitat variation across their range, but also to distinct color pattern groups present in the species. Knowledge of the phylogeny and genetic divergence of the B. ephippiatus group will provide a framework for understanding evolutionary and ecological origins of color pattern polymorphism in bumble @entity5157 , as well as providing insight into geographical factors enhancing speciation in Mesoamerica.

title: Geographical patterns of genetic divergence in the widespread Mesoamerican bumble XXXX Bombus ephippiatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['bee']


abstract: Most @entity1 with @entity0 develop @entity79 , which have numerous complications. Because current therapies are not curative, new treatments are needed. Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) are anticancer agents designed to infect and lyse @entity5 cells. However, in spite of their promise as selective cancer therapeutics, replicating adenoviruses have shown limited efficacy in the clinical setting. We hypothesized that a @entity25483 armed with @entity16323 ( @entity16323 ) would eradicate bone metastases of @entity0 both directly, by oncolysis, and indirectly, by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption, and thus reducing the @entity5 burden. We constructed an armed @entity25483 (Ad5-/\24-sOPG-Fc-RGD) by replacing viral E3B genes with a fusion of the ligand-binding domains of @entity16323 and the Fc portion of human @entity6527 . Conditional replication was conferred by a 24-base pair deletion within E1A (/\24), which prevents the binding of E1A to the @entity995 suppressor/cell cycle regulator protein and limits replication in normal cells. Enhanced infection of cells expressing low levels of the primary Ad5 receptor was conferred by incorporating an @entity369 - @entity2228 - @entity2574 (RGD) peptide sequence into the fiber knob to mediate binding to a(v) integrins. After characterization of the armed @entity25483 , we demonstrated that infection of @entity0 cells by Ad5-/\24-sOPG-Fc-RGD both killed the infected cells by oncolysis and inhibited the formation of osteoclasts in an in vitro co-culture model. In a @entity19 model of @entity0 , the @entity25483 armed with shortened @entity16323 (sOPG)-Fc reduced @entity5 burden in the bone and inhibited osteoclast formation more effectively than an unarmed @entity25483 .

title: Arming a replicating adenovirus with @entity16323 reduces the XXXX burden in a @entity19 model of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic bone metastases']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: AIM: Early identification of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and abnormal lipid levels with subsequent life-style intervention is vital to halt disease progression and safeguard the future health of @entity1 and adolescents. METHODS: Data from a representative sample of 1554 adolescents (821 @entity1 and 733 @entity1 ) aged 10-19 from the 2007-2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analysed. The @entity209 was defined using the paediatric criteria of the International @entity6 Federation. Abnormal lipid levels were classified according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics. RESULTS: Approximately 13.7% of adolescents have a body mass index (BMI) between the 85th and 94th percentiles, and 8.4% have a BMI of >= 95th percentile. The prevalence of the @entity209 was 2.3% among all the @entity1 , 2.7% among @entity1 and 2.1% among @entity1 . The prevalence of the @entity209 was 2.8% among overweight adolescents and 23.7% among @entity28 adolescents. A low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level was the most common component for the @entity209 . Nearly 20% of adolescents (21% of @entity1 and 19% of @entity1 ) had at least one lipid abnormality. Approximately 32% of overweight adolescents and 50% of @entity28 adolescents were candidates for therapeutic life-style counselling based on lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides the most updated prevalence estimates of the @entity209 in the Korean adolescent population and highlights the strong association of the @entity209 with BMI. The prevalence of abnormal lipid levels in overweight and @entity28 adolescents is high, illustrating the large burden of @entity65 in the future Korean population.

title: Prevalence of the XXXX and abnormal lipid levels among Korean adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: In-vitro and animal studies have shown that viral agents can be removed from or inactivated in clotting factor concentrates by physical or chemical treatment. However, clinical data have as yet not substantiated the results of these studies. 13 @entity447 @entity1 who had not been treated previously with blood or blood products were given a dry-heated factor @entity797 concentrate and were tested serologically over the next 12 months. @entity99 developed in 11 @entity1 (84%) and was invariably of type @entity18721 , non-B. Morbidity was not related to the lot of the therapeutic material or to the number of infusions. The incubation period was either 5 or 8-11 weeks, and only 1 @entity1 had symptoms. Aminotransferase elevation showed both monophasic and biphasic patterns. During the follow-up period signs of the disease disappeared in 10 @entity1 (90%). These findings contrast with the absence of @entity18721 , @entity1956 in @entity831 given the same heated concentrate. Thus, clinical studies in first-exposure haemophiliacs are essential for the true evaluation of the safety of new "treated" concentrates.

title: Transmission of @entity18721 , XXXX by heat-treated factor @entity797 concentrate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['non-B hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['non-B hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An additional @entity600 of the @entity340 is occasionally encountered in @entity1 with complete @entity474 , and this may compromise accurate correction. METHODS: We reviewed 138 @entity1 undergoing complete repair with two-patch technique between 1992 and 2008. The mean age was 7.1 + or - 8.3 months, and the mean body weight was 5.1 + or - 2.1 kg. Preceding pulmonary arterial banding was performed in 23 @entity1 . RESULTS: The operative record delineated additional malformations of the @entity340 that posed difficulty in positioning the ventricular septal patch and in accurately approximating the cleft in 45 @entity1 . Of them, four types (n = 40) were associated with increased incidence of @entity86 (moderate or worse regurgitation or @entity850 ). These included abnormalities of the papillary muscles that accompanied hypoplastic mural leaflet or incomplete opening of one commissure in (n = 15; p = 0.0054), dense insertion of the chords of the superior leaflet that obscured the right side of the ventricle septal crest in (n = 13; p = 0.0004), double orifice valve (n = 7; p = 0.0225), and severe length disparities of the cleft that resulted from either disproportional size of superior against inferior leaflets or redundant chord supporting the left extremity of one of these leaflets (n = 5; p < 0.0001). Neither greater age at operation (more than 6 months) nor preceding pulmonary arterial band reduced the incidence of @entity340 in the @entity600 group. CONCLUSIONS: An individualized technique is required to maintain coaptation of the @entity340 , but in many cases, they are not completely correctable. Deferring complete repair by placing a pulmonary arterial band did not reduce @entity340 .

title: Variations of XXXX predisposing to regurgitation and @entity850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative left valvular problems']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['left valvular problems', 'atrioventricular valve']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the function of @entity377 pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase ( @entity34179 ), a member of the pyrophosphate pathway, in @entity571 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: mRNA expression of @entity34179 , @entity34180 ankylosing protein and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase was assessed by quantitative PCR. @entity34179 protein levels were analysed in @entity19 and @entity1 cartilage samples. Bone metabolism was analysed by F18-positron emission tomography-scanning and   CT in ttw/ttw @entity19 . Ttw/ttw @entity19 are @entity19 carrying a loss-of-function mutation in @entity34179 . Calcification of articular cartilage was assessed using von Kossa staining and @entity571 severity using the Mankin score. Cartilage remodelling was investigated by type X collagen immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Expression of @entity34179 , but not the other members of this pathway, inversely correlated with cartilage @entity730 and @entity571 severity in @entity19 and @entity1 . Proinflammatory cytokines downregulated the expression of @entity34179 , demonstrating an influence of @entity32 on matrix @entity730 . Ttw/ttw mutant @entity19 , carrying a loss-of-function mutation in @entity34179 , exhibit increased bone formation process in joints compared with wild types. Ttw/ttw @entity19 also developed spontaneous @entity571 -like changes, evaluated by histological analysis and in vivo imaging. Ectopic calcifications were associated with increased expression of collagen X in the cartilage. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that @entity571 is characterised by the reactivation of molecular signalling cascades involving proinflammatory cytokines, thereby regulating the pyrophosphate pathway which consequently leads to cartilage ossification, at least in part resembling endochondral ossification.

title: Decreased levels of @entity377 pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 are associated with cartilage @entity730 in XXXX and trigger osteoarthritic changes in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity888 is one of the most commonly abused illegal drugs in the United States. Health care providers are commonly faced with medical illness caused by @entity888 . This study investigates the impact of @entity888 use on the severity of @entity296 and @entity712 in young adults. This retrospective study analyzed @entity1 seen at Arrowhead Regional Medical Center from 2008 to 2012. @entity1 were between 18 and 50  years old. All @entity1 had a discharge diagnosis of @entity296 or @entity712 . The severity of disease was quantified by @entity1002 : @entity712 with preserved ejection fraction to mildly reduced if ejection fraction was  >40% and moderate to severely depressed if ejection fraction was  <=40%. @entity888 abuse was determined by a positive urine drug screen or per documented history. Of the 590 @entity1 , 223 (37.8%) had a history of @entity888 use. More than half the population was @entity1 (n  = 389, 62.3%); 41% was Hispanic (n  = 243), 25.8% was Caucasian (n  = 152), and 27.8% was African-American (n  = 164); 60.9% were in the age range of 41 to 50 years (n  = 359). @entity1 with a history of @entity888 use had increased odds (odds ratio  = 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 2.57) of having a moderately or severely reduced ejection fraction. Additionally, @entity1 were more likely (odds  ratio 3.13, 95% confidence interval 2.14 to 4.56) to have worse @entity1002 . In conclusion, @entity888 use was associated with an increased  severity of @entity296 in young adults.

title: Frequency of @entity888 Use as a Major Contributor Toward the Severity of XXXX in Adults  <=50  Years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine', 'methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic  dysfunction', 'left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: our aim was to investigate the course of medication-overuse @entity10 in the general population and the effect of simple advice regarding medication overuse. DESIGN: prospective cohort study. @entity1 were identified in a cross-sectional epidemiological sample of 30000 @entity1 aged 30-44 from the general Norwegian population. @entity1 with @entity2794 (>=  15 days per month for at least 3 months) and medication overuse received short information about the possible role of medication overuse in @entity10 chronification. A cohort was followed up 1   years later. The diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of @entity2794 and data splitting methodology were used. SETTING: Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. @entity1 : a total of 109 @entity1 with chronic primary @entity10 and medication overuse were available for follow-up (85% participation rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:     Change in medication days and @entity10 days per month. RESULTS: at baseline chronic @entity2701 was found in 92% of @entity1 ; 8% had chronic @entity2704 or new daily persistent @entity10 . Migraine co-occurrence was found in 53%. The mean duration of @entity2794 were 8-18 years, the mean duration of medication overuse between 5 and 10 years prior to intervention. At follow up, the mean medication days were significantly reduced from 22 days to 6 days per month, and 76% no longer had medication overuse. Forty-two percent no longer had @entity2794 and the @entity10 index was reduced by 24%. CONCLUSION: our examination and short information served as a modified brief intervention which can improve @entity2794 and medication overuse in the general population.

title: Reduction in medication-overuse @entity10 after short information. The Akershus study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'People']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Disorders', 'chronic headaches', 'chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['chronic headache']


abstract: Food-related @entity344 are common in @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ), but the mechanisms behind this are unclear. Enhanced colorectal sensitivity after duodenal lipid administration in @entity1744 @entity1 has been demonstrated. However, the effects of a regular meal on colorectal sensitivity in these @entity1 and the importance of the composition of the meal are not known. On two separate days, 10 @entity1744 @entity1 and 11 controls randomly received a liquid meal (800 kcal), containing 60% calories from fat (fatty meal) or @entity1735 ( @entity1735 meal). Using a barostat rectal sensitivity was assessed during four separate distension sequences before, immediately after and 30 and 60 min after the meal. In the @entity1 , the discomfort (P = 0.04) and the @entity158 thresholds (P = 0.007) were gradually reduced after the fatty meal, whereas only a tendency in the same direction was seen after the @entity1735 meal. In @entity1 VAS ratings for @entity158 increased after the fatty meal (P = 0.03), but not after @entity3363 . In the controls, sensory thresholds were not affected by the meals. In @entity1744 , a liquid meal enhances rectal sensitivity, and this seems to be partly nutrient dependent as a fatty meal has more pronounced effects than a @entity1735 meal. This might be of relevance for their postprandial symptoms.

title: Nutrient-dependent enhancement of rectal sensitivity in @entity1744 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['IBS']


abstract: The European Infarction Study (EIS) was a multicentre, double-blind, randomized study comparing the effect on survival, cardiac mortality and non-fatal cardiac events of @entity13206 slow release 160 mg b.i.d. with placebo in 1,741 @entity1 aged 35 to 69 years surviving @entity583 . During the one year follow-up there was a 30% difference in the cumulative mortality rate in favor of placebo. In the @entity13206 group the mortality was noted to be higher in @entity1 who were 65-69 years of age. In general, there was a higher incidence of fatal reinfarctions and of @entity944 in those, who discontinued study medication. 24-hour ECG recordings before randomization in 736 @entity1 revealed a high prevalence of complex @entity67 . These @entity1 had a significantly higher one-year mortality. Like other beta-blocking drugs @entity13206 had a weak suppressant effect on @entity67 in @entity1188 survivors. The proportion of @entity204 was noted to be higher in the @entity13206 group to the same relative degree in @entity1 with or without complex tachydysrhythmias. Reviewing the results of other beta-blocker post infarction trials it is concluded that a protective effect on @entity944 in @entity583 survivors is related to beta-blockade. Beta-blocking drugs with significant intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, which partly counteracts beta-blockade, might be less effective. High dose @entity13206 treatment might be deleterious to some @entity1 with more enhanced @entity301 .

title: @entity13206 in XXXX survivors: brief review of the European Infarction Study results in the light of other beta-blocker post infarction trials.

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachydysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity13206 :: ('MESH:D010096', 'Chemical') :: ['oxprenolol']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation (MV) may cause @entity21712 ( @entity21712 ). Present models of @entity21712 use exceptionally large tidal volumes, causing gross @entity651 and @entity1457 . In addition, animals are ventilated for a relative short period of time and only after a 'priming' @entity358 . Finally, it is uncertain whether @entity520 , which frequently develops in models of @entity21712 , should be prevented. To study @entity21712 in healthy @entity19 , the authors used a MV model with clinically relevant ventilator settings, avoiding massive damage of lung structures and shock, and preventing @entity520 . METHODS: Healthy C57Bl/6 @entity19 (n = 66) or BALB/c @entity19 (n = 66) were ventilated (tidal volume = 7.5 ml/kg or 15 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure = 2 cm @entity2507 ; fraction of inspired @entity26 = 0.5) for five hours. Normal saline or @entity4388 were used to correct for hypovolaemia. Lung histopathology, lung wet-to-dry ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein content, neutrophil influx and levels of proinflammatory cytokines and coagulation factors were measured. RESULTS: Animals remained haemodynamically stable throughout the whole experiment. Lung histopathological changes were minor, although significantly more histopathological changes were found after five hours of MV with a larger tidal volume. Lung histopathological changes were no different between the strains. In both strains and with both ventilator settings, MV caused higher wet-to-dry ratios, higher bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein levels and more influx of neutrophils, and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and coagulation factors. Also, with MV higher systemic levels of cytokines were measured. All parameters were higher with larger tidal volumes. Correcting for @entity520 did not alter endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: MV induces @entity21712 , in the absence of a priming @entity358 and even with use of relevant (least injurious) ventilator settings. This model offers opportunities to study the pathophysiological mechanisms behind @entity21712 and the contribution of MV to @entity651 in the absence of pre-existing @entity651 .

title: Mechanical ventilation using non-injurious ventilation settings causes @entity651 in the absence of pre-existing @entity651 in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity21712 :: ('MESH:D055397', 'Disease') :: ['VILI', 'ventilator-induced lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insult']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIMS: To compare the factors associated with survival after out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCAs) among three time-distance areas (defined as interquartile range of time for emergency medical services response to @entity1 's side). METHODS: From a nationwide, prospectively collected data on 716,608 OHCAs between 2007 and 2012, this study analyzed 193,914 bystander-witnessed OHCAs without pre-hospital physician involvement. RESULTS: Overall neurologically favourable 1-month survival rates were 7.4%, 4.1% and 1.7% for close, intermediate and remote areas, respectively. We classified @entity34654 by type (compression-only vs. conventional) and by dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) (with vs. without); the effects on time-distance area survival were analyzed by @entity34654 classification. Association of each @entity34654 classification with survival was affected by time-distance area and arrest aetiology (p<0.05). The survival rates in the remote area were much higher with conventional @entity34654 than with compression-only @entity34654 (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 1.26; 1.05-1.51) and with @entity34654 without DA-CPR than with @entity34654 with DA-CPR (1.54; 1.29-1.82). Accordingly, we classified @entity34654 into five groups (no @entity34654 , compression-only with DA-CPR, conventional with DA-CPR, compression-only without DA-CPR, and conventional without DA-CPR) and analyzed for associations with survival, both cardiac and non-cardiac related, in each time-distance area by multivariate logistic regression analysis. In the remote area, conventional @entity34654 without DA-CPR significantly improved survival after OHCAs of cardiac aetiology, compared with all the other @entity34654 groups. Other correctable factors associated with survival were short collapse-to-call and call-to-first CPR intervals. CONCLUSION: Every effort to recruit trained citizens initiating conventional @entity34654 should be made in remote time-distance areas.

title: Recruitments of trained citizen volunteering for conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation are necessary to improve the outcome after out-of-hospital XXXX in remote time-distance area: A nationwide population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrests']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrests']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to analyse the influence of @entity281 on the outcome of a randomized clinical trial of conventional (CF) versus 7-days-a-week postoperative radiotherapy (p-CAIR) for @entity135 ( @entity135 ). Between 2001 and 2004, 279 @entity1 with high-risk SCC of the larynx or @entity5 of the oral cavity/oropharynx were randomized to receive 63 Gy in fractions of 1.8 Gy given 5 days a week or 7 days a week (Radiother Oncol 87:155-163, 2008). The presence of HPV DNA in 131 archival paraffin blocks was assessed with multiplex quantitative real-time PCR using five consensus primers for the conservative L1 region and molecular beacon probes targeting 14 high-risk HPV subtypes. Following the RT-PCR procedure, we could determine the presence and type of @entity1799 , HPV18 and the other 12 less frequent oncogenic subtypes. Out of 131 samples, 9 were positive for @entity281 (6.9%), all of them with @entity1799 subtype. None of the 65 @entity5 was HPV positive. The 5-year LRC in @entity2113 @entity1 was 100%, compared to 58% in the HPV-negative group (p = 0.02, log-rank test). Amongst 122 @entity1 with @entity5 , 5-year LRC was 50.3% in p-CF versus 65.2 in p-CAIR (p = 0.37). @entity281 was associated with low expression of @entity470 and cyclin D. This study demonstrates a favourable outcome for @entity2113 @entity1 with @entity135 treated with postoperative radiotherapy. While considering the small number of @entity5 , the data set can be considered as hypothesis generating only, the outcome raises new questions on the necessity of aggressive postoperative treatment in HPV+ @entity1 .

title: Impact of @entity281 on the clinical outcome of p-CAIR trial in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV+ tumours', 'HPV-negative tumours', 'cancer', 'laryngeal tumours']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity2113 :: ('MESH:D006679', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of auricular acupressure in the treatment of @entity390 and @entity391 in early pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ninety-eight volunteer pregnant @entity1 with symptoms of @entity390 and @entity391 in early pregnancy before 14 weeks gestation were enrolled. The @entity1 were randomized into two groups: treatment group and control group. Each @entity1 in the treatment group received magnet pellets, placed at both auricles. They were taught to start acupressure from the third to the sixth day. Outcome measurement was Rhodes index score, which describe the severity and frequency of @entity390 and @entity391 in the form of a questionnaire. The @entity1 from both groups were asked to complete and return the forms including the amount of anti-emetic drug taken. Mean Rhodes index score and total number of anti-emetic drug taken from day 4-6 were used to compare the treatment effect. Student's t test, Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-one pregnant @entity1 who returned the questionnaires were evaluated. The Rhodes index scores of the treatment group were lower than that of the control group especially after day 4 to day 6 when the acupressure was started. However when comparing the mean score between the two groups, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The total amount of anti-emetic tablets in day 4-6 after acupressure intervention was compared and there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the groups. CONCLUSION: Auricular acupressure therapy in treatment of @entity390 and @entity391 in early pregnancy may not relieve @entity390 and @entity391 in early pregnancy and need further clinical research to confirm the effectiveness.

title: Effectiveness of auricular acupressure in the treatment of @entity390 and XXXX in early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: It is well established that fat distribution rather than the total quantity of fat is the major determinant of cardiovascular risk in overweight subjects. However, it is not known whether the concept of fat distribution still makes sense in severely @entity28 subjects. Particularly, the role of visceral fat accumulation and/or of adipocyte @entity1184 in insulin resistance (IR) has not been studied in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the determinants of @entity209 in severely @entity28 @entity1 . We performed a cross-sectional study in 237 severely @entity28 @entity1 (BMI >35 kg/m(2)). We assessed total body fat mass and fat distribution by anthropometric measurements (BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In 22 @entity1 , we measured subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte size on surgical biopsies. Mean BMI was 44 +/- 7 kg/m(2) (range 35-77), mean age 37 +/- 11 years (range 18-61). Lipid parameters ( @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ) and IR markers (fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index) correlated with fat distribution, whereas inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein, @entity2002 ) correlated only with total fat mass. An association was observed between android fat distribution and adipocyte @entity1184 . Visceral adipocyte @entity1184 was associated with both IR and @entity101 , whereas subcutaneous fat-cell size was linked only to @entity101 . Our results obtained in a large cohort of @entity1 showed that fat distribution still predicts @entity209 in severe @entity28 . Furthermore, we found a cluster of associations among fat distribution, @entity209 ( @entity209 ), and adipocyte @entity1184 .

title: Traditional anthropometric parameters still predict @entity209 in XXXX with severe @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disorders', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIM: This article is a report of a protocol for studying the development and evaluation of an online parent information and support package for home-based care of @entity1 with @entity740 stages 3-5. The study is funded by a National Institute of Health Research, Research for @entity1 Benefit Grant awarded (December 2010). Approval to undetake the study was obtained from the Department of Health National Research Ethics Service (June 2011). BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity740 require skilled, home-based care by parents, supported by professionals. Parents have identified a need for continuously available online resources to supplement professional support, and structured resources tailored to parents' needs are highlighted by policy makers as key to optimizing care; yet, online resource provision is patchy with little evidence base. METHODS: Using mixed methods, we will (i) conduct parent/ @entity1 /young @entity1 /professional/ @entity1 and parent volunteer focus groups to explore views on existing resources, (ii) collaboratively define gaps in provision, identify desirable components, develop/test resources and conduct a feasibility randomized controlled trial, and (iii) of usual professional support versus usual support supplemented by the package. Eighty parents of @entity1 with @entity740 will be randomized. Primary outcomes will assess parents' self-efficacy and views of resources, using standardized measures at entry and 24   weeks, and semi-structured interviews at 24   weeks. We will finalize trial components for a later definitive trial. DISCUSSION: By working collaboratively, we will derive a detailed insight into parents' information and support needs and experiences of using the package, and should see improved parental self-efficacy.

title: The Online Parent Information and Support project, meeting parents' information and support needs for home-based management of XXXX : research protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient', 'Patient', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['childhood chronic kidney disease']


abstract: DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVES: To investigate if @entity1 with mechanical @entity4048 receiving thoracic spine thrust manipulation would experience superior outcomes compared to a group not receiving thrust manipulation. BACKGROUND: Evidence has begun to emerge in support of thoracic thrust manipulation as an intervention n the management of mechanical @entity4048 . However, to make a strong recommendation for a clinical technique it is necessary to have multiple studies with convergent findings. METHODS AND MEASURES: Forty-five @entity1 (21 females) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a control group, which received electro-thermal therapy for 5 treatment sessions, and the experimental group, which received the same electro/thermal therapy program in addition to a thoracic spine thrust manipulation once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. Mixed-model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to examine the effects of treatment on @entity158 (100-mm visual analogue scale), disability (100-point disability scale), and cervical range of motion, with group as the between-subjects variable and time as the within-subjects variable. The primary analysis was the group-by-time interaction for @entity158 . RESULTS: The group-by-time interaction effects for the ANOVA models were statistically significant for @entity158 , mobility, and disability (P< .05), indicating greater improvements in the manipulation group for all the outcome measures. @entity1 receiving thoracic manipulation experienced greater improvements in @entity158 at the fifth (final) treatment session and at the 2-week and 4-week follow-up periods (P< .001), with @entity158 improvement scores in the manipulation group of 16.8 mm and 26.6 mm greater than those in the comparison group at the 2- and 4-week follow-up periods, respectively. The experimental group also experienced significantly greater improvements in disability with a between-group difference of 8.8 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.5, 10.1; P< .001) at the fifth visit and 8.0 points (95% CI: 5.8, 10.2; P< .001) at the 2-week follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that thoracic spine thrust manipulation results in superior clinical benefits that persist beyond the 1-mont follow-up period for @entity1 with @entity12761 . Future studies should continue to investigate the effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation, as compared to other physical therapy interventions, in a population with mechanical @entity4048 .

title: Thoracic spine manipulation for the management of XXXX with @entity4048 : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['acute neck pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']