abstract: BACKGROUND: Somatization refers to the tendency to emphasize somatic symptoms when experiencing a @entity146 disturbance. This tendency has been widely reported in @entity1 from East Asian cultural contexts suffering from @entity308 . Recent research in two Chinese samples have demonstrated that the local cultural script for @entity308 , involving two aspects-the experience and expression of distress (EED) and @entity497 ( @entity497 )-can be evoked to help explain somatization. Given the beliefs and practices broadly shared across Chinese and South Korean cultural contexts, the current study seeks to replicate this explanatory model in South Koreans. METHODS: Our sample included 209 @entity146 outpatients from Seoul and Wonju, South Korea. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess somatization tendency, adherence to traditional values, and @entity308 . RESULTS: Results from SEM showed that the EED and @entity497 factors of somatization tendency were differently associated with cultural values and somatic symptoms, replicating our previous findings in Chinese outpatients. LIMITATIONS: The reliance on a brief self-report measure of somatization tendency, not originally designed to assess separate EED and @entity497 factors, highlights the need for measurement tools for the assessment of cultural scripts in cross-cultural @entity308 research. CONCLUSIONS: The replication of the @entity2531 in South Korea lends empirical support to the view that somatization can be understood as the consequence of specific cultural scripts. These scripts involve the experience and expression of distress as well as culturally meaningful ways in which this distress is conceptualized and communicated to others.

title: Extending a structural model of somatization to South Koreans: Cultural values, somatization tendency, and the presentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['psychological and somatic symptoms of depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['conceptualization and communication of distress', 'CCD']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['Chinese structural model of somatization']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chemotherapy treatment of metastatic @entity694 ultimately fails due to development of drug resistance. Identification of chemotherapy-induced changes in @entity5 biology may provide insight into drug resistance mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We studied gene expression differences between groups of liver metastases that were exposed to preoperative chemotherapy or not. Multiple @entity1 -derived colonosphere cultures were used to assess how chemotherapy alters energy metabolism by measuring mitochondrial biomass, @entity26 consumption, and @entity880 production. Genetically manipulated colonosphere-initiated @entity5 were used to assess how altered energy metabolism affects chemotherapy efficacy. RESULTS: Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial biogenesis in metastases that were exposed to chemotherapy. This suggested chemotherapy induces a shift in @entity5 metabolism from glycolysis towards OXPHOS. Indeed, chemotreatment of @entity1 -derived colonosphere cultures resulted in an increase of mitochondrial biomass, increased expression of respiratory chain enzymes, and higher rates of @entity26 consumption. This was mediated by the histone deacetylase @entity4093 ( @entity4093 ) and its substrate, the transcriptional coactivator @entity6217 . Knockdown of @entity4093 or @entity6217 prevented chemotherapy-induced OXPHOS and significantly sensitized @entity1 -derived colonospheres as well as @entity5 xenografts to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy of @entity14 induces a @entity4093 / @entity6217 -dependent increase in OXPHOS that promotes @entity5 survival during treatment. This phenomenon is also observed in chemotherapy-exposed resected liver metastases, strongly suggesting that chemotherapy induces long-lasting changes in @entity5 metabolism that potentially interfere with drug efficacy. In conclusion, we propose a novel mechanism of chemotherapy resistance that may be clinically relevant and therapeutically exploitable. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2870-9.   2015 AACR.

title: @entity4093 / @entity6217 -Dependent Increase in Oxidative Phosphorylation Supports Chemotherapy Resistance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment strategies for brain @entity3 from @entity2 have been making progress. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the post-recurrent prognostic factors in @entity1 with brain @entity3 after complete resection of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 @entity1 found to have postoperative brain @entity3 from @entity1149 in our institution from 2002 to 2008. All @entity1 had undergone radical pulmonary resection for the @entity2 . The impact of numerous variables on survival were assessed, including gender, age, @entity787 ( @entity787 ), @entity5 size, N status, histological type, number of brain metastases, @entity5 size of brain @entity3 , presence of symptoms from the @entity1313 (s), and use of perioperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 20.6 months (range, 3.4-66 months). The five-year survival rate from the diagnosis of brain recurrence was 22.5%. In univariate analysis, the favorable prognostic factors after brain recurrence included a normal range of @entity787 , no extracranial @entity3 , no symptoms from the brain @entity3 , brain @entity3 (less than 2   cm), and radical treatment (craniotomy or stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS]). The multivariate Cox model identified that a small brain @entity3 and radical treatment were independent favorable prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the implementation of radical therapy for metastatic @entity1313 (s) when the @entity5 is still small contributed to an increase in @entity1 ' life expectancy.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX with postoperative brain recurrence from completely resected @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5434 are widely used in preclinical studies during drug development because of their evolutionary closeness to @entity1 , including cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP). Most @entity5434 P450s are almost identical (>= 90%) to @entity1 P450s; however, CYP2C76 has low sequence identity (approximately 80%) to any @entity1 CYP2Cs. Although CYP2C76 has no ortholog in @entity1 and is partly responsible for species difference in drug metabolism between @entity5434 and @entity1 , a broad evaluation of potential substrates for CYP2C76 has not yet been conducted. In this study, a screening of 89 marketed compounds, including @entity1 @entity4433 and non- @entity4433 substrates or inhibitors, was conducted to find potential CYP2C76 substrates. Among the compounds screened, 19 chemicals were identified as substrates for CYP2C76, including substrates for @entity1 @entity4914 ( @entity12533 ), @entity11670 ( @entity752 ), @entity5320 ( @entity14031 ), and @entity65490 ( @entity14031 and @entity594 ), and inhibitors for @entity11670 ( @entity3756 , @entity1397 , and @entity1396 ), @entity12327 ( @entity3092 ), @entity4433 ( @entity1396 and @entity65491 ), and @entity65490 ( @entity11182 ). CYP2C76 metabolized a wide variety of the compounds with diverse structures. Among them, @entity752 and @entity594 showed high selectivity to CYP2C76. As for @entity594 , CYP2C76 formed methylhydroxylated @entity594 , which was not produced by monkey @entity5060 , @entity4433 , or @entity5322 , as identified by mass spectrometry and estimated by a molecular docking simulation. This unique oxidative metabolite formation of @entity594 could be one of the selective marker reactions of CYP2C76 among the major @entity4433 and CYP3A tested. These results suggest that monkey CYP2C76 contributes to @entity752 hydroxylation and formation of different @entity594 oxidative metabolite(s) due to its relatively large substrate cavity.

title: Evaluation of 89 Compounds for Identification of Substrates for @entity5434 Cytochrome P450 2C76, a New XXXX / @entity594 Oxidase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity11182 :: ('MESH:D014217', 'Chemical') :: ['troleandomycin']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Cynomolgus monkeys', 'cynomolgus monkey', 'cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity65491 :: ('MESH:C050302', 'Chemical') :: ['nootkatone']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity12533 :: ('CHEBI:34480', 'Chemical') :: ['7-ethoxyresorufin']

answer: @entity752 :: (MESH:D016642,Chemical) :: ['Bupropion']


abstract: RATIONALE: Alternative scales to measure @entity1353 and perceived exertion have been sought due to concerns regarding understanding and validity of any Borg scale in pediatric populations. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate content validity of Dalhousie Dyspnea and Perceived Exertion Scales developed for @entity1 and adolescents. METHODS: We obtained ratings for @entity1353 and perceived exertion using both Borg CR-10 and Dalhousie Scales during incremental cycle exercise in 100 @entity1 and adolescents, healthy or with @entity1576 . Content validity was determined by correlating perceived leg exertion rating versus heart rate or %peak work capacity and @entity1353 rating versus ventilation expressed as %peak ventilation. The stimulus-perceptual response was modeled as a quadratic function with a delay term. Reproducibility, cross-modality usage, and language effects were assessed in a small group of Italian @entity1 during treadmill exercise. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pictorial ratings of @entity1353 and perceived exertion measured by both scale ratings rose as expected with increasing exercise intensity in @entity1 and adolescents, demonstrating excellent correlation between perceived leg exertion versus exercise intensity and @entity1353 rating versus ventilation (median Spearman      >=    0.9) with either scale. There were no systematic differences in @entity1353 or perceived exertion ratings between @entity1 with or without @entity1576 . Understandability and reproducibility of the Dalhousie scales was affirmed in Italian-speaking subjects performing treadmill exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Dalhousie Dyspnea and Perceived Exertion Scales offer an alternative to the Borg scale for use during exercise in pediatric subjects. @entity1 and adolescents exhibit large variation in patterns of ratings of @entity1353 and perceived exertion in incremental exercise.

title: Dalhousie Pictorial Scales Measuring Dyspnea and Perceived Exertion during Exercise for XXXX and Adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular mechanism of TAp63gamma-induced cell apoptosis. METHODS: Transcription and protein expression of apoptosis inducing factor and @entity4206 were investigated by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in @entity1 @entity1721 cell line EC9706 respectively. Twenty-four hours after transfection with pcDNA3.1-TAp63gamma, the apoptosis and translocation of apoptosis inducing factor in EC9706 cells were studied by flow cytometry, laser confocal microscopy and mitochondrial/cytosol/nuclear extraction analysis respectively. Down-regulation of apoptosis inducing factor protein was achieved by RNAi and pretreatment with caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk of EC9706 cells. RESULTS: Presence of protein expressions of apoptosis inducing factor and absence of TAp63gamma was observed in the cytoplasm of untransfected cells. RT-PCR verified the subtype of @entity4206 in EC9706 cells was DeltaNp63. After 24 hours of transfection, both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of apoptosis inducing factor protein were observed in cells transfected with TAp63gamma and @entity876 expression vectors, but not in cells transfected with control vector. Cell apoptosis rates were 1.37%, 13.64%, 4.52%, 4.03% and 1.91% in the pcDNA3.1 transfection group, pcDNA3.1-TAp63gamma transfection group, apoptosis inducing factor siRNA and pcDNA3.1-TAp63gamma transfection group, zVAD.fmk treatment group, and the group receiving apoptosis inducing factor siRNA, plus zVAD.fmk treatment and pcDNA3.1-TAp63gamma transfection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis inducing factor of EC9706 cells is released from mitochondria into both the cytoplasm and nucleus during TAp63gamma induced apoptosis. Down-regulation of apoptosis inducing factor inhibits TAp63gamma-induced apoptosis. Overall, TAp63gamma-induced apoptosis is dependent on the expression of apoptosis inducing factor and caspase.

title: [TAp63gamma-induced apoptosis mediated by apoptosis inducing factor in @entity1 XXXX EC9706 cells].

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous carcinoma']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous carcinoma']


abstract: Forest biofuel is a main provider of energy in Sweden and the market is expected to grow even further in the future. Removal of logging residues via harvest can lead to short-term acidification but the long-term effects are largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to 1) model the long-term effect of whole-tree harvest (WTH) on soil and stream water acidity and 2) perform sensitivity analyses by varying the amounts of logging residues, @entity460 ( @entity141 ) concentrations in tree biomass and site productivity in nine alternate scenarios. Data from three Swedish forested catchments and the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC) were used to simulate changes in forest soil exchangeable @entity141 pools and stream water acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) at Gammtratten, Kindla and Aneboda. Large depletions in soil @entity141 supply and a reversal of the positive trend in stream ANC were predicted for all three sites after WTH. However, the magnitude of impact on stream ANC varied depending on site and the concentration of mobile strong acid anions. Contrary to common beliefs, the largest decrease in modelled ANC was observed at the well-buffered site Gammtratten. The effects at Kindla and Aneboda were much more limited and not large enough to offset the general recovery from acidification. Varying the tree biomass @entity141 concentrations exerted the largest impact on modelled outcome. Site productivity was the second most important variable whereas changing biomass amounts left on site only marginally affected the results. The outcome from the sensitivity analyses pointed in the same direction of change as in the base scenario, except for Kindla where soil @entity141 pools were predicted to be replenished under a given set of input data. The reliability of modelled outcome would increase by using site-specific @entity141 concentrations in tree biomass and field determined identification of site productivity.

title: Sensitivity analyses of MAGIC modelled predictions of future impacts of whole-tree harvest on soil XXXX supply and stream acid neutralizing capacity.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define in a population of @entity101 Black African, the frequency of @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ), the different kind of @entity4346 , and the factors of @entity4346 occurring. METHODS: Clinical and echographic (according to Penn convention) data was collected in 452 consecutive @entity101 @entity1 (193 @entity1 and 259 @entity1 ). @entity4346 was defined as an indexed left ventricular mass (ILVM) > 134 g/m2 in @entity1 and 110 g/m2 in @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean systolic blood pressure was 187 mmHg, and the mean diastolic, 111 mmHg. The mean ILVM was 135.25 g/m2. @entity4346 was present in 53.3% of the @entity1 . @entity4346 represented 48.5%, eccentric @entity4346 41.1%, and asymmetric hypertrophy of the septum, 10.4%. @entity4346 increased with @entity1 's age (p = 0.008), @entity101 severity (p = 0.0001), and the ancientness of the @entity101 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity4346 is frequent in @entity101 black African, and concentric @entity4346 is the most frequent kind of @entity4346 . Factors of @entity4346 occurring are @entity1 's age, severity and the ancientness of the @entity101 .

title: [Left ventricular hypertrophy in @entity101 African blacks: echocardiographic study of 452 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Concentric LVH', 'LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor is a potent mitogen, morphogen and motogen for a variety of mainly epithelial cells. Hepatocyte growth factor is synthesized by mesenchymal cells and can be found in various tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution patterns of this pleiotropic growth factor and its receptor, the product of the @entity1916 in normal and osteoarthritic @entity1 knee cartilage. METHODS: Five normal and 14 osteoarthritic @entity1 cartilage samples graded histomorphologically by Mankin Score, were studied by radioactive in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the expression of Hepatocyte growth factor and the @entity1916 receptor. RESULTS: Hepatocyte growth factor could be found by immunohistochemistry in the territorial matrix surrounding the chondrocytes of calcified cartilage and within the deep zone of normal cartilage. Chondrocytes of these cartilage zones showed also positive @entity1916 receptor-staining. Moreover, a small number of chondrocytes in the superficial and intermediate zone showed @entity1916 staining. In accordance with the increased hepatocyte growth factor staining of osteoarthritic cartilage, an enhanced expression of hepatocyte growth factor-RNA by chondrocytes of the deep zone as well as the deeper mid zone was observed. Contrary to normal cartilage, @entity1916 was identified immunohistochemically in osteoarthritic chondrocytes of all cartilage zones. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that hepatocyte growth factor seems to be acting in an autocrine/paracrine manner in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. The ubiquitous presence of the @entity18942 / @entity18942 -receptor complex in osteoarthritic chondrocytes suggests that hepatocyte growth factor may contribute to the altered metabolism in osteoarthritic cartilage.

title: Hepatocyte growth factor in XXXX osteoarthritic cartilage.

entities_list: @entity1916 :: ('4233', 'Gene') :: ['c-met', 'proto-oncogene c-met']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity2331 in chronic @entity8 @entity1 are associated with an increased risk of @entity174 , @entity729 and @entity65 . A few decades ago @entity2265 and the common development of @entity3528 were thought to be the main problem to deal with. Since dietary @entity1391 restriction and haemodialysis were not proven to be sufficient measures to reduce @entity3151 , @entity1391 -binding therapy has been widely instituted as a treatment option. Various types of @entity1391 binders employed over the years have contributed to the changing spectrum of @entity8 from high to @entity79 along with the shift from @entity3747 and negative @entity460 balance towards @entity2741 and the positive @entity460 balance. Thus, @entity2741 instead of @entity2265 is nowadays associated with the increased risk of @entity729 , morbidity and mortality in the dialysis population. Besides the very expensive non- @entity460 based @entity1391 binders, at least two common tools may be helpful in the treatment of @entity2741 and adynamic bone. A reduced daily use of @entity4959 / @entity598 up to 1g per main meal is an easily manageable and inexpensive tool. The second option for stimulation of parathyroid gland activity and bone turnover is the lowering of the dialysate @entity460 concentration. In conclusion, an aggressive treatment of @entity2265 and @entity460 overload might lead towards an opposite effect of @entity261 and @entity2741 . Reasonable treatment strategies based on a careful monitoring should be employed in order to prevent related consequences and to contribute to a better long-term quality of life and survival of dialysis @entity1 .

title: New aspects of treatment of XXXX in dialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal osteodystrophy', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['low bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcifications', 'vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal bone disease']


abstract: @entity293 , with a spectrum from covert @entity793 to severe @entity2885 , commonly complicate pregnancy. Serious @entity281 follow untreated silent @entity793 in a fourth of cases, and routine screening can be justified in high-risk populations, particularly in those @entity1 from lower socioeconomic strata. Despite an initial salutary response to a number of antimicrobial regimens, covert @entity793 recurs in one-third of treated @entity1 whose risk of @entity2885 again is at 25%. @entity2335 may be unrelated to these other @entity281 and responds readily to a number of regimens; however, single-dose therapy is not recommended because early @entity2885 can be mistaken for uncomplicated @entity2335 . @entity2885 is the most common severe @entity2348 complicating pregnancy. These @entity1 are frequently quite ill, and hospitalization is recommended. Since 85-90% respond within 72 h to intravenous fluids and antimicrobials, continued fever and evidence for @entity295 should prompt a search for underlying obstruction. Perhaps 20% of @entity1 with severe @entity2885 develop complications that include @entity326 or its presumed variants. These latter include @entity8 , haemolysis and @entity882 , and @entity651 . In most of these @entity1 , continued fluid and antimicrobial therapy result in a salutary outcome, but there is occasional maternal morbidity.

title: XXXX complicating pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary capillary injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis', 'Pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['cystitis', 'Acute cystitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['Urinary tract infections']


abstract: Nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) are integral membrane proteins and prototypic members of the ligand-gated ion-channel superfamily, which has precursors in the prokaryotic world. They are formed by the assembly of five transmembrane subunits, selected from a pool of 17 homologous polypeptides (alpha1-10, beta1-4, gamma, delta, and epsilon). There are many @entity6786 subtypes, each consisting of a specific combination of subunits, which mediate diverse physiological functions. They are widely expressed in the central nervous system, while, in the periphery, they mediate synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction and ganglia. nAChRs are also found in non-neuronal/nonmuscle cells (keratinocytes, epithelia, macrophages, etc.). Extensive research has determined the specific function of several @entity6786 subtypes. nAChRs are now important therapeutic targets for @entity66 , including @entity1737 , @entity191 , and @entity161 , as well as for the cessation of smoking. However, knowledge is still incomplete, largely because of a lack of high-resolution X-ray structures for these molecules. Nevertheless, electron microscopy studies on 2D crystals of @entity6786 from fish electric organs and the determination of the high-resolution X-ray structure of the @entity934 binding protein (AChBP) from snails, a homolog of the extracellular domain of the @entity6786 , have been major steps forward and the data obtained have important implications for the design of subtype-specific drugs. Here, we review some of the latest advances in our understanding of nAChRs and their involvement in physiology and pathology.

title: Muscle and neuronal nicotinic XXXX receptors. Structure, function and pathogenicity.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: We evaluated the treatment results in @entity10094 in the era of radiosurgery. We encountered 56 @entity1 with @entity10094 from January, 1994 to December, 2001. There were 16 male @entity1 and 40 female @entity1 . The most common location was the cerebral convexity. We performed gamma knife radiosurgery for three @entity1 after diagnosis of @entity15265 . The other @entity1 were followed-up after diagnosis for a mean follow-up period of 30.8 months (5 months to 8 years). @entity5 growth was verified in 25 @entity1 (43%) and two @entity1 (3.7%) suffered @entity51 . Among the @entity5 growth @entity1 , operative resection was performed in six @entity1 (11%) and gamma knife radiosurgery was performed in four @entity1 (7.5%). The other @entity1 were placed under observation. We decided the treatment strategy paying attention to the @entity5 location, @entity5 growth speed, @entity5 size and operative difficulty. The @entity5 growth rate was 0.1 cm/year among the @entity1 with @entity5 growth. It was 0.72 cm/year (0.02 to 1.54 cm/year) in the operative group, 0.3 cm/year (0.04 to 0.76 cm/year) in the gamma knife radiosurgery group and 0.08 cm/year (0.01 to 0.76 cm/year) in the observed group. One @entity1 suffered procedure-related deterioration of paresis after operation. The treatment of @entity10094 must be decided depending on their natural history and locations. We recommend early radiosurgery for @entity15265 .

title: [The treatment for XXXX in the era of radiosurgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity15265 :: ('MESH:D020226', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous sinus meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity10094 :: (MESH:D058070,Disease) :: ['asymptomatic meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The American Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative currently aims for a 66% @entity7838 ( @entity7838 ) rate, while in the UK, best practice tariffs target @entity7838 and arterio-venous graft (AVG) rates of 85%. The present study aims to assess whether these goals can be achieved. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on @entity1 who initiated haemodialysis from 1995 to 2006. Outcomes were the final failure-free survival of the first permanent access and the type of second access created. Prevalent use rates for the access types were calculated on the 1st January of each year for the second half of the study period. RESULTS: Two hundred and eleven out of 246 @entity1 (86%) received an @entity7838 , 16 (6%) an AVG and 19 (8%) a permanent catheter (PC) as the first permanent access. Eighty-six (35%) @entity1 had final failure of the primary access. One- and 3-year final failure-free survival rates were 73 and 65% for @entity7838 compared with 40 and 20% for AVG and 62 and 0% for PC, respectively. In @entity1 with primary @entity7838 , female sex {hazard ratio (HR) 2.20 [confidence interval (CI) 1.29-3.73]} and vascular disease [HR 2.24 (CI 1.26-3.97)] were associated with a poorer outcome. A similar trend was observed for autoimmune disease [HR 2.14 (CI 0.99-4.65)]. As second accesses @entity7838 , AVG and PC were created in 47% (n = 40), 38% (n = 33) and 15% (n = 13). The median prevalent use rate was 80.5% for @entity7838 , 14% for AVG and 5.5% for PC. CONCLUSIONS: The vascular access targets set by initiatives from the USA and UK are feasible in unselected haemodialysis @entity1 . High primary @entity7838 rates, the superior survival rates of AVFs even in @entity1 groups at higher risk of access failure and the high rate of creation of secondary AVFs contributed to these promising results.

title: The outcome of the primary vascular access and its translation into prevalent access use rates in chronic haemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7838 :: ('MESH:D001159', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arterio-venous fistula']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of newly designed covered and non-covered coated colorectal stents for colonic decompression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 , (15 palliative cases and 11 preoperative) underwent treatment for the relief of @entity14 using metallic stents positioned under fluoroscopic guidance. In 24 of the 26, primary @entity14 was diagnosed, and in the remaining two, recurrent @entity14 . Twenty-one @entity1 were randomly selected to receive either a type A or type B stent; for the remaining five, type C was used. Type A, an uncovered nitinol wire stent, was lightly coated to ensure structural integrity. Type B (flare type) and C (shoulder type) stents were polyurethane covered and their diameter was 24 and 26 mm, respectively. The rates of technical success, clinical success, and complications were analyzed using the chi-square test, and to analyse the mean period of patency, the Kaplan-Meier method was used. RESULTS: Thirty of 31 attempted placements in 26 @entity1 were successful, with a technical success rate of 96.8% (30/31) and a clinical success rate of 80.0% (24/30). After clinically successful stent placement, bowel decompression occurred within 1-4 (mean, 1.58+/-0.9) days. Five of six clinical failures involved stent migration and one stent did not expand after successful placement. In the preoperative group, 11 stents, one of which migrated, were placed in ten @entity1 , in all of whom bowel preparation was successful. In the palliative group, 19 stents were placed in 15 @entity1 . The mean period of patency was 96.25+/-105.12 days: 146.25+/-112.93 for type-A, 78.82+/-112.26 for type-B, and 94.25+/-84.21 for type-C. Complications associated with this procedure were migration (n=6, 20%), @entity158 (n=4, 13.3%), minor @entity548 (n=5, 16.7%), incomplete expansion (n=1, 3.3%), and @entity5 ingrowth (n=1, 3.3%). The migration rate was significantly higher in the type-B group than in other groups (p=0.038). CONCLUSION: Newly designed covered and non-covered metallic stents of a larger diameter are effective for the treatment of @entity14 . The migration rate of covered stents with flaring is higher than that of other types. For evaluation of the ideal stent configuration for the relief of @entity14 , a clinical study involving a larger @entity1 group is warranted.

title: The efficacy of metallic stent placement in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal obstruction']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine, within the UK, the stage and grade of @entity263 that would be found through population-based @entity1486 (PSA) testing and biopsy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In the 'Prostate Testing for @entity5 and Treatment' trial (ProtecT), @entity1 aged 50-69 years were recruited from nine cities in the UK and from randomly selected practices of general practitioners. Those with a PSA level of >3 ng/mL were offered a prostate biopsy. Age, PSA, stage and grade at diagnosis of ProtecT @entity1 with @entity5 were compared with contemporaneous incident cases aged 50-69 years (age-restricted @entity5 Registry cases) registered with the Eastern @entity5 Registration and Information Centre (ECRIC). RESULTS: Within ProtecT, 94,427 @entity1 agreed to be tested (50% of @entity1 contacted), 8807 ( approximately 9%) had a raised PSA level and 2022 (23%) had @entity263 ; 229 ( approximately 12%) had locally advanced (T3 or T4) or metastatic @entity5 , the rest having clinically localized (T1c or T2) disease. Within ECRIC, 12,661 @entity5 were recorded over the same period; 3714 were @entity1 aged 50-69 years at diagnosis. @entity1 in ProtecT had a lower age distribution and PSA level, and the @entity5 were of lower stage and grade (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). If population-based PSA testing were introduced in the UK, approximately 2660 @entity1 per 100,000 aged 50-69 years would be found to have @entity263 , compared to current rates of approximately 130 per 100,000. If half of @entity1 accepted PSA testing, approximately 160,000 @entity5 would be found, compared to 30,000 diagnosed each year at present. CONCLUSIONS: Population-based PSA testing resulted in a significant downward stage and grade migration, and most such @entity5 were of low stage and grade, which could lead to risks of over-treatment for some @entity1 .

title: Population-based XXXX testing in the UK leads to a stage @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the management and treatment of @entity7172 of the thyroid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 57 @entity1 operated on their @entity1374 between 1995 and 2004. All @entity1 had a frozen section of the specimen. Procedure varied according to histology results and presence of adenopathy. RESULTS: Procedure planned initially was a total thyroidectomy in 75% of @entity1 (the other 25% were planned as hemi-thyroidectomy). Frozen section was positive in 46% of @entity1 . We proceeded with 16 selective neck dissections (levels 2-3-4) and 10 bilateral "level 6" . @entity7172 were unique in 77% of cases. Extra-capsular spreading was noted in 39% of cases. Adjuvant @entity1496 131 was administered to 36 @entity1 (63%). Follow-up included clinic visits, ultra-sound and Tg levels. With a follow-up of 3 to 12 years, no recurrence or @entity3 has been identified. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity7172 of the thyroid is controversial. If surgery is chosen as treatment, the extent both regarding the thyroid itself and the cervical nodes is debated. Because of the excellent prognosis, some authors have recommended, when risk factors are absent, to limit the treatment to the thyroidectomy. Others, because of the risk of local recurrence and distal @entity3 , have recommended a very aggressive approach.

title: [Management of the XXXX of the @entity1374 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['Microcarcinomas', 'papillary microcarcinoma', 'papillary microcarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland']

answer: @entity7172 :: (MESH:C563277,Disease) :: ['papillary microcarcinoma']


abstract: A case-control study was conducted in a rural area of Achaia in western Greece to examine the risk factors of @entity3377 . The @entity1 in the study were 414 (7.5% of the whole population of the investigated municipality). The cases (n = 140) were defined by clinical symptoms and confirmed by a positive @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). All cases have been diagnosed between January 1997 and March 1999 either by physicians of the Local Health Center or by private practitioners. Two criteria were basic to establish the disease. The first one was clinical symptoms such as @entity221 , @entity1295 , @entity4841 and generalized aches and the second was a titer of @entity1062 at least 1:160. Controls (n = 274) were matched with cases for age and gender in a 1:2 ratio. Approximately collection of controls was performed among those presented to the local Health Center for other diseases. Data were collected by the same physician via a personal interview and analyzed by logistic regression models. The overall incidence of the disease in the region was found to be 1110/100,000. Taking 'no ownership of animals' and 'no contact of animals' as the reference category, the strongest risk factor was @entity130 during animal delivery with an odds ratio (OR): 24.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.8-67.5 following by absence of stables (OR: 14.4; 95% CI: 4.7-44.1). After application of multivariate stepwise analysis the adjusted risk factors remaining in the model were the place of residence (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1), professional occupation with animals (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2-4.8), absence of stables (OR: 9.1; 95% CI: 2.2-38.7) and @entity130 during animal delivery (OR: 11.2; 95% CI: 3.2-39.1). Consumption of cheese from pasteurized milk or consumption of cheese matured for over 3 months was found to be a protective factor (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11-0.67). The detection of @entity3377 in animals is essential for the prevention of the disease. In addition efficient preventive measures should be established in order to eliminate the disease.

title: Epidemiology of @entity1 XXXX in a rural area of north-western Peloponnese in Greece.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['SAT', 'standard agglutination test']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity286 smoking leads to changes in hemodynamic parameters such as @entity551 . It has a direct influence on the elasticity of blood vessels and increases arterial stiffness, which can result in development of @entity731 . Data show that the @entity1239 in @entity286 smoke probably is responsible for these changes. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were supposedly a healthier alternative to combustible cigarettes because they imitate a process of cigarettes smoking but generate @entity1239 aerosol without the toxic substances from @entity286 combustion. However, the use of e-cigarettes is still controversial because their @entity137 , safety and long term use health impact have not been sufficiently studied. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in arterial stiffness parameters after smoking a cigarette or e-cigarette use. METHODS: Fifteen healthy @entity1 , aged 19-25 years old, smoking >= 5 cigarettes per day for at least two years participated in the study. A non-invasive measurement of arterial stiffness parameters - Stiffness Index (SI) and Reflection Index (RI) - was conducted and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and after smoking a conventional cigarette as well as use of an e-cigarette. RESULTS: Statistically significant changes in the SI and RI were observed before and after smoking of a conventional cigarette [SI: 6.75m/s (6.66 - 6.85, 95% CI) vs 6.56m/s (6.46 - 6.65. 95% CI), p=0.0056; RI: 54.0% (51.5 - 56.7, 95% CI) vs 49.6% (47.5 - 51.8, 95% CI), p=0.010]. The use of e-cigarettes resulted in no statistically significant changes in the SI and RI. After both product use systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increased but the changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to conventional cigarette use, the use of electronic cigarettes causes no changes in arterial stiffness. This may indicate lower bioavailability of @entity1239 from the e-cigarette or an additional effect of other substances present in cigarette smoke but absent in an e-cigarette aerosol.

title: Influence of inhaled XXXX source on arterial stiffness.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate and systolic or diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of therapy for advanced @entity418 is relief of @entity1282 with minimal treatment-related morbidity. This study assessed the efficacy of endoscopic intratumoral injection of @entity900 / @entity1425 gel to relieve obstruction and improve swallowing. The gel is designed to minimize diffusion of active drug away from the @entity5 injection site. METHODS: @entity1 with inoperable @entity418 and @entity1282 caused by exophytic @entity5 underwent up to 6 weekly endoscopic injections of the gel. Response was documented objectively (exophytic @entity5 volume, lumen size, @entity1282 grade) and subjectively (achievement of treatment goal). RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 were treated. Primary evaluation criteria for 18 evaluable @entity1 were as follows: @entity1282 grade improved in 4 (duration 30 to 45 days) and stabilized in 11; lumen patency improved in 6 (duration 29 to 56 days) and stabilized in 10; exophytic @entity5 volume decreased in 8 (duration 29 to 114 days). Eight @entity1 felt that their ability to swallow improved. One @entity1 with intramural and exophytic @entity5 developed a @entity4501 , possibly related to treatment. Other complications were tolerable and self-limited. No nephrotoxicty or severe @entity390 /vomiting typical of systemic administration of @entity900 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic injection of @entity900 / @entity1425 gel is a straightforward procedure with standard equipment and techniques, which can provide palliation for @entity1 with exophytic @entity5 of the esophagus. Assessment of this method in conjunction with other therapeutic options such as brachytherapy is warranted.

title: Palliation of @entity1 with @entity1282 due to advanced @entity418 by endoscopic injection of XXXX / @entity1425 injectable gel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Moderate @entity28 is known to be associated with @entity4903 . Less information is available on the hormonal status of @entity1 with morbid @entity28 and on the effects of major @entity353 . We studied 16 severely @entity28 (BMI 40.6-69.9 kg/m(2)) nondiabetic @entity1 and 7 nonobese (BMI range 24.6-27.7 kg/m(2)), sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. During 24 h in a metabolic ward, four meals were administered and hourly blood samples were drawn from a central venous catheter for the measurement of @entity413 , @entity2690 , @entity1243 , thyrotropic hormone (TSH), @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and prolactin. @entity2690 sensitivity was measured by a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Studies were repeated 6 months after biliopancreatic diversion, a mainly malabsorptive surgical approach, which caused an average @entity353 of 35+/-4 kg (or 26+/-2% of initial weight). Compared with controls, @entity1 were hyperinsulinaemic (290+/-31 vs 88+/-4 pmol l(-1), P=0.0002), @entity2690 resistant (23.5+/-2.8 vs 52.9+/-4.9 micromol min(-1) kg(FFM)(-1), P=0.0006) and hyperleptinaemic (52.5+/-5.8 vs 10.9+/-3 ng ml(-1), P=0.0002). Plasma TSH levels were increased throughout the day-night cycle (averaging 2.02+/-0.18 vs 1.09+/-0.19 muU ml(-1) of controls, P=0.01), whereas serum @entity2124 levels were suppressed (0.46+/-0.10 vs 3.01+/-1.15, P=0.002). Following surgery, the hyperinsulinaemia and @entity2690 resistance were fully normalized; in concomitance with a major drop in @entity1243 levels (to 14.4+/-2.7 ng ml(-1), P=0.02), TSH decreased and @entity2124 increased to near-normal levels. In the whole dataset, mean 24-h @entity1243 levels were directly related to mean 24-h TSH levels after controlling for confounders this relationship was lost only after adjusting for fat mass. We conclude that in morbid @entity28 @entity1243 is a determinant of changes in pituitary function.

title: Daylong pituitary hormones in morbid XXXX : effects of bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine abnormalities']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: In this study, we compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ), and @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), and study the effect of treatment with infliximab on the HRQoL of @entity1 with these diseases. Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) data from the placebo-controlled phases of 4 studies of infliximab in @entity1 with inflammatory @entity627 (n = 1990) were evaluated. Data came from the Anti-TNF Trial in @entity309 with Concomitant Therapy (ATTRACT) (n = 428), the Safety Trial for @entity309 with REMICADE Therapy (START) (n = 1083), the @entity1691 Study for the Evaluation of Recombinant Infliximab Therapy (ASSERT) (n = 279), and the Infliximab Multinational Psoriatic Arthritis Clinical Trial II (IMPACT II) (n = 200). SF-36 assessments were made at weeks 0, 10, 30, and 54 in ATTRACT, weeks 0, 6, and 22 in START, weeks 0, 12, and 24 in ASSERT, and weeks 0 and 14 in IMPACT II. All @entity1 populations had significantly impaired physical aspects of HRQoL at baseline relative to the general population of the United States, and the magnitude of impairment was similar across the diseases. Mean baseline physical component summary scores were 29 in the @entity309 cohort, 32 in the @entity5144 cohort, and 29 in the @entity1691 cohort. In all 3 diseases, @entity1 who received infliximab showed significant improvement in physical component summary scores compared with those who received placebo. The magnitude of the difference of improvement (effect size, 95%CI) between infliximab and placebo groups was similar in the @entity1691 (10.1, 9.2-11.0), @entity5144 (8.6, 7.8-9.4), and @entity309 (10.1, 9.2-11.0) cohorts. @entity1 with @entity309 and those with @entity5144 treated with infliximab also showed greater improvement in the mental component summary score than those in the placebo group with an effect size of 4.6 (4.2-5.1) in @entity309 and 2.7 (2.4-3.1) in @entity5144 . @entity1 in large randomized controlled studies of infliximab in @entity309 , @entity5144 , and @entity1691 had similar impairment in physical aspects of HRQoL at baseline and showed significantly greater improvement in HRQoL after treatment with infliximab.

title: The impact of infliximab treatment on quality of life in XXXX with inflammatory @entity627 .

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS', 'Ankylosing Spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), an @entity66 around world, has recently been identified as a risk factor for @entity170 -associated @entity174 . However, there is no consensus on the best method of assessing @entity174 risk in @entity1 with @entity6 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the @entity170 Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) and the Singh Index (SI) in @entity173 risk assessment in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: We enrolled 261 postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity6 : 87 had @entity173 resulting from low-energy @entity130 and 174 age-matched controls had no @entity174 (two controls per @entity174 case). @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured with dual-energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and hip region. The SI was obtained from standard antero-posterior radiographs of the pelvis. The OSTA was calculated with a formula based on weight and age. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and tests of difference. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine optimum cutoff values, sensitivity, and specificity of screening methods. Discriminative abilities of different screening tools were compared with the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: There were significant differences in @entity79 at all sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip) and in SI between the @entity174 and non- @entity174 groups (P   <   0.05). There was no significant difference in OSTA between the groups (P   >   0.05). The area under the curve was 0.747 (95% CI: 0.680-0.813) for lumbar spine @entity79 , 0.699 (95% CI: 0.633-0.764) for total hip @entity79 , 0.659 (95% CI: 0.589-0.729) for femoral neck @entity79 , 0.631 (95% CI: 0.557-0.704) for trochanter @entity79 , 0.534 (95% CI: 0.459-0.610) for OSTA, 0.636 (95% CI: 0.564-0.709) for SI, and 0.795 (95% CI: 0.734-0.857) for OSTA plus SI. The AUC for combined OSTA plus SI was significantly superior to other parameters besides @entity79 of the lumbar spine. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of OSTA plus SI could be a clinical alternative tool for screening of @entity173 risk in large @entity6 populations. These tests are inexpensive and simple to perform and could be especially useful in areas where @entity79 measurement is not accessible.

title: Evaluation of Singh Index and XXXX Self-Assessment Tool for Asians as risk assessment tools of @entity173 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Neuroform microstent-a flexible, self-expandable, microcatheter-delivered, @entity5648 stent designed for the treatment of @entity438 -was recently approved for use in @entity1 . We present the results of our initial experience in using the Neuroform stent to treat @entity1 with @entity438 , with an emphasis on potential applications, technical aspects of deployment, and associated intra- and periprocedural complications. METHODS: The records of all @entity1 treated with the Neuroform stent were entered prospectively into a database. We assessed the clinical history, indications for stent use, @entity439 dimensions, and technical details of the procedures, including any difficulties with stent placement and/or deployment, degree of @entity439 , and complications. RESULTS: During a 5-month period, 19 @entity1 with 22 @entity439 were treated with the Neuroform stent. Twenty-five stents were deployed. Five @entity1 had multiple stents placed. Five @entity1 had @entity1756 at the time of treatment. The indications for use were broad-necked @entity439 (n = 13; average neck length, 5.1 mm; average @entity439 size, 9 mm), fusiform or dissecting @entity439 (n = 3), salvage and/or bailout (n = 1), and @entity439 (n = 2). Technical problems included difficulty in deploying the stent (n = 6), inability to deploy the stent (n = 1), stent displacement (n = 2), inadvertent stent deployment (n = 1), and coil stretching (n = 1). Twenty-one of the 22 @entity439 were treated. Four @entity439 were stented without additional treatment, and 17 @entity439 were stented and coiled. Of the coiled @entity439 , complete or nearly complete (more than 95%) occlusion was achieved in 6 @entity439 , and partial occlusion was achieved in 11. Two clinically significant adverse events occurred, both of which were sequelae of periprocedural @entity1031 complications. One @entity1 died after thrombolysis was attempted. The other @entity1 made an excellent functional recovery after undergoing successful thrombolysis of a @entity9085 stent. CONCLUSION: The Neuroform stent is a useful device for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity439 that may not otherwise be amenable to endovascular therapy. In the majority of cases, the stent can be deployed accurately, even within the most tortuous segments of the cerebral vasculature. Although delivery and deployment may be technically challenging, clinically significant complications are uncommon.

title: Preliminary experience using the Neuroform stent for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosed basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) is often reduced in @entity1 with @entity370 . Studies of the associations between physical functions and QOL are lacking. OBJECTIVES: So the aims of this study were (i) to evaluate the associations between QOL and physical functions, including muscle strength and exercise capacity, and other clinical characteristics, and (ii) to evaluate whether these associations change over a two-year period. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity370 @entity1 (61 @entity1 ; mean age: 46.1    10.2 years) participated in a two-year follow-up to cross-sectional study. All @entity1 completed the short World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) and @entity1295 ( @entity1295 ) at the baseline and follow-up assessments. @entity1 also performed a six-minute walk test (6MWT) and elbow flexor muscle strength, quadriceps and hamstrings peak torque tests. Maximal inspiratory pressure was recorded. RESULTS: QOL in @entity370 remained stable over a two-year course of the disease, and was reduced compared with healthy controls, particularly regarding the physical health domain. Fatigue and the six-minute walking distance showed strong associations with QOL at both baseline and follow-up. Fatigue and exercise capacity predicted the scores for the WHOQOL-BREF physical health domain at baseline (59%) and follow-up (64%). QOL at baseline was the best predictor of QOL at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: QOL is reduced in @entity370 . Fatigue and exercise capacity showed important stable associations with QOL, especially in the physical health domain. @entity1295 and 6MWT should therefore be included in the management of @entity370 .

title: Association between physical functions and quality of life in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['Fatigue Assessment Scale', 'FAS']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fractures of the orbital floor are common in injured @entity1 , who often require operation to prevent complications and, among other materials, @entity16265 is widely used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of @entity174 of the orbital floor that had been reconstructed with @entity16265 foil. A total of 101 @entity1 (73 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 ) who had reconstruction of the orbital floor for defects of 2cm(2) or smaller with @entity16265 implants, over a mean (SD) time period of 8 (2) years were evaluated. Sensitivity of the infraorbital nerve, ocular motility, and @entity892 were evaluated and correlated with perioperative values. Persistent hyperaesthesia was found in 15 @entity1 , whereas in another 15 the hyperaesthesia recovered completely over time. Three @entity1 had double vision during follow-up. Twenty @entity1 with preoperative @entity892 had no persistent double vision postoperatively, and 15 @entity1 with disturbed ocular motility recovered completely. Two @entity1 had persistently disturbed motility, and one @entity1 had @entity9577 . There was a significant association between hyperaesthesia preoperatively and postoperatively (p= 0.005). In most @entity1 reconstruction of the orbital floor with @entity16265 was successful. Long-term complications such as @entity892 , @entity1319 , and hyperaesthesia of the cheek were seen in a few cases, but might not have been solely related to the use of @entity16265 .

title: Reconstruction of the orbital floor with XXXX : a long-term clinical survey of up to 12 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity16265 :: ('CHEBI:61607', 'Chemical') :: ['polydioxanone']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['compromised bulbar motility']

answer: @entity16265 :: (CHEBI:61607,Chemical) :: ['polydioxanone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the genotypes distribution of @entity9557 , in Guangzhou, and explore differences in clinical and laboratory features among genotypes. METHOD: We collected blood or eschar samples of all scrub typhus cases reported in 2013 from 10 district hospitals positive for PCR. We further tested the PCR-positive samples for DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We collected the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data by questionnaire and medical records. RESULT: A total of 589 samples were tested and 40 were PCR positive. Four genotypes were identified: Karp (52.2%), Kato (22.5%), Gilliam (12.5%), and TA763 (7.5%). Two new strains (ZCX90 and @entity6475 ) were previously unidentified in Guangzhou. Gilliam type cases were more likely to have continuous fever (60.0%). Only Kato genotype cases presented with @entity381 . For laboratory features, Kato group had higher level of white blood cell count (16.44   *   10(12)/L) than normal range and other groups. Total @entity648 and direct @entity648 in Gilliam group (10.10    M and 3.05    M, respectively) were both lower than other groups and normal value. CONCLUSION: Continuous fever and @entity381 may be the distinctive symptom of Gilliam and Kato genotype cases, respectively. Karp genotype remained dominant in Guangzhou, but attention should be paid to the emergence of new types or variation of existing genotypes.

title: Differences in Clinical and Laboratory Features for Different Genotypes of XXXX in Guangzhou, Southern China.

entities_list: @entity9557 :: ('784', 'Species') :: ['Orientia tsutsugamushi']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity9557 :: (784,Species) :: ['Orientia tsutsugamushi']


abstract: @entity7717 is a widely used preservative found in many foods and soft drinks. It is metabolized within mitochondria to produce hippurate, which is then cleared by the kidneys. We previously reported that ingestion of @entity7717 at the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) dose leads to a robust excursion in the plasma hippurate level [1]. Since previous reports demonstrated adverse effects of @entity10555 and hippurate on @entity413 homeostasis in cells and in animal models, we hypothesized that @entity10555 might represent a widespread and underappreciated diabetogenic dietary exposure in @entity1 . Here, we evaluated whether acute exposure to GRAS levels of @entity7717 alters @entity2690 and @entity413 homeostasis through a randomized, controlled, cross-over study of 14 overweight subjects. Serial blood samples were collected following an oral @entity413 challenge, in the presence or absence of @entity7717 . Outcome measurements included @entity413 , @entity2690 , glucagon, as well as temporal mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiles. We did not find a statistically significant effect of an acute oral exposure to @entity7717 on @entity413 homeostasis. Of the 146 metabolites targeted, four changed significantly in response to @entity10555 , including the expected rise in @entity10555 and hippurate. In addition, @entity19727 , a @entity2340 metabolite, exhibited a robust rise, while @entity65047 dropped. Although our study shows that GRAS doses of @entity10555 do not have an acute, adverse effect on @entity413 homeostasis, future studies will be necessary to explore the metabolic impact of chronic @entity10555 exposure.

title: Effects of XXXX , a widely used food preservative, on @entity413 homeostasis and metabolic profiles in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity19727 :: ('MESH:C031385', 'Chemical') :: ['anthranilic acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity7717 :: ('MESH:D020160', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium benzoate', 'sodium benzoate']

entities_list: @entity65047 :: ('CHEBI:40410', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylglycine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7717 :: (MESH:D020160,Chemical) :: ['sodium benzoate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The increasing number of dialysis @entity1 with @entity65 will lead to an increase in the incidence of @entity551 . @entity551 is determined by changes in plasma volume, changes in vascular reactivity and structural cardiovascular changes. In this study the effect of two different ultrafiltration rates (UF-rate), i. e. 500 and 1000 ml/h, on plasma volume, extracellular volume and arterial blood pressure was studied during different treatments of 2 hours combined ultrafiltration + hemodialysis (UF+ @entity2033 ) and 2 hours isolated ultrafiltration (i-UF). @entity1 AND METHODS: 15 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 with @entity712 , CFpts (NYHA classification III and IV) and 7 @entity1 without @entity712 (NCFpts) were investigated during a standardized dialysis treatment. RESULTS: The decrease in plasma volume and decrease in extracellular volume was comparable both between i-UF and UF+ @entity2033 and comparable between CFpts and NCFpts and was only dependent on the UF-rate. i-UF resulted in minor blood pressure changes in both CFpts and NCFpts. In CFpts UF+ @entity2033 resulted in a significant @entity551 (SBP) at both UF-rates while in NCFpts SBP decreased significantly only at the higher UF-rate during UF- @entity2033 . Although there were no significant differences in hemodynamic stability during the different treatment modalities between CFpts and NCFpts, the decrease in SBP in CFpts at the higher UF-rate during UF+ @entity2033 was much more pronounced. CONCLUSION: From this clinical study we conclude that differences in hemodynamic stability between i-UF and UF+ @entity2033 and between CFpts and NCFpts are not related to differences in plasma volume preservation. Other factors like different changes in vascular reactivity and in CFpts structural cardiovascular changes might be responsible for the observed differences.

title: The hemodynamic effect of different ultrafiltration rates in @entity1 with @entity712 and XXXX without @entity712 : comparison between isolated ultrafiltration and ultrafiltration with dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intradialytic hypotension', 'Intradialytic hypotension', 'decrease in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper was to report a 5-year single center experience with the use of percutaneous endovascular thrombosuction (PET) for @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: All @entity1 that underwent PET for @entity63 within the period January 2009-December 2013 in our institution were included. Data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 262 @entity1 (132 female, mean age 74.5  11 years) were treated. Level of severity of @entity63 preoperatively was stratified as class I (viable) in 76% (199/262) of @entity1 , class IIa (threatened marginally) in 19.4% (51/262), and class IIb (threatened immediately) in 4.6% (12/262). Initial technical success was 91% (237/262). Additional PTA was performed in 29.8% (78/262) of @entity1 , and PTA with stenting in 27.5% (72/262). Open surgery due to technical failure of PET was required in 4.2% (11/262) of @entity1 . Thirty-day mortality was 4.6% (12/262). Perioperative complications occurred in 9.2% (24/262). Thirty-day amputation rate was 3.8% (10/262). The mean duration of follow-up was 26.2  16 months. Estimated cumulative survival was 84.2  2.5% at 1 year, and 73.7  3.6% at 3 years. Estimated freedom from amputation during follow-up was 92.4  1.8% at 1 year, and 91.2  2% at 3 years. Estimated freedom from reintervention was 90.4  2% at 1 year, and 80  3.7% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: PET in selected @entity1 with @entity63 provides high initial technical success, low mortality and morbidity rates, and favorable early and mid-term limb salvage rates.

title: Percutaneous endovascular thrombosuction for XXXX : a 5-year single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute lower limb ischemia', 'ALLI']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['acute lower limb ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity73 in community-dwelling older adults without @entity303 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly in Japan. @entity1 : The @entity1 were 4686 residents (community-dwelling older adults without @entity303 ) who completed baseline assessments. MEASUREMENTS: The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2)) was determined according to the @entity1011 level, and @entity1 were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: normal (>= 60.0  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2)), mild @entity740 (45.0-59.9  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2)), or moderate to severe @entity740 (<45.0  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2)). Cognitive function was assessed using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between eGFR and @entity73 . RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, @entity1 with lower eGFR had lower cognitive function scores on most domains (P  <  .05). In particular, @entity1 with advanced @entity740 (eGFR <45  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2)) were more likely to have significant @entity73 on the Trail Making Test part A (odds ratio  =  2.347, 95% confidence interval  =  1.525-3.614) and the Symbol Digit Substitution Task (odds ratio  =  2.308, 95% confidence interval  =  1.486-3.585) than those with normal and mild @entity740 . CONCLUSIONS: A lower level of kidney function was associated with lower cognitive performance in attention and processing speed. These results suggest that eGFR might be an effective method to screen for @entity73 in community-dwelling older adults.

title: The Association Between Kidney Function and XXXX in  Community-Dwelling, Elderly Japanese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Decline']


abstract: Enterocyte differentiation occurs along the crypt-villus axis and is generally thought to involve the transcriptional activation of cell-specific genes, among which is the @entity8668 . We have examined the molecular mechanisms of villin induction using both in vivo and in vitro systems. Total RNA was purified from @entity35 tissues or cultured cells by the @entity8735 method and Northern blot analyses carried out using radiolabeled complementary DNA probes specific for villin or the actin control. Transient transfection ( @entity460 / @entity1391 method) assays were performed using a luciferase reporter gene containing 2 kb of the @entity1 villin gene 5'-flanking region. We have found that the villin mRNA was expressed at high levels in the small intestine, to a lesser degree in the colon, and was not detected in the brain or liver. In HT-29 cells, villin mRNA levels increased 2.5-fold (P<0.001) after 24 hours of @entity11413 treatment, consistent with the process of enterocyte differentiation. Similarly, villin gene expression was induced in Caco-2 cells during postconfluence differentiation. Transient transfection assays demonstrated marked reporter gene activation (fourfold, P<0.001) in response to @entity11413 in HT-29 cells, but no activation in the liver cell line HepG2. The effects of @entity11413 were dose dependent, reaching a maximum at a concentration of 5 mmol/L. We conclude that a 2 kb region of the @entity1 villin gene is able to mediate its transcriptional activation during HT-29 cell differentiation. This DNA regulatory region appears to function in a cell type-specific (gut) manner.

title: Transcriptional activation of the XXXX villin gene during enterocyte differentiation.

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['brush-border structural protein villin']

entities_list: @entity8735 :: ('MESH:C054436', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium thiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity11413 :: ('CHEBI:64103', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium butyrate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the socioeconomic status, disease activity and @entity146 that contribute to the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Data were collected from 170 @entity1252 @entity1 and 210 healthy individuals. All of the @entity1 fulfilled the criteria for the classification of @entity1252 and underwent disease activity assessment according to the @entity1252 activity index (SLEDAI). Self-rated scales for @entity148 (SAS) and @entity308 ( @entity214 ) were used to evaluate the levels of @entity148 and @entity308 . The @entity1 ' general health status was measured using the Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaire. To provide greater clarity regarding the determinants of HRQOL, path analysis was used to explore the relationships between the various predictors and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS: @entity1252 @entity1 who have @entity308 and @entity148 are more likely to have a lower quality of life compared to those who are not depressed (r=-0.735, p<0.01; r=-0.684, p<0.01). All of the variables were significantly correlated with @entity308 except age, gender and marital status. Education was negatively correlated with disease activity (r=-0.272, p<0.05) and @entity148 (r=-0.312, p<0.01). Disease activity was positively correlated with @entity148 (r=0.198, p<0.05). In addition, work status also correlated with @entity148 (r=-0.294, p<0.01). A path-analytic models analysis suggested that the main influencing factors of HRQoL are the following: @entity308 , @entity148 , education level, income/family, disease activity, age, and work status. A   2 test (  215=17.71, p=0.28>0.05) indicated that the path analysis model had an adequate goodness of fit value. @entity308 (b=-0.616, p<0.05) contributed the most to HRQOL. @entity308 , @entity148 activity contributed to HRQoL both directly and indirectly through other factors. Socioeconomic factors such as education, income/family and work status, however, did not contribute directly to HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL in @entity1252 is influenced by disease activity and @entity146 . Socioeconomic status has no direct influence on the quality of life of @entity1252 @entity1 , while disease activity has a direct impact on the quality of life. @entity148 and @entity308 were significant predictors of poor HRQoL. Understanding how these factors are inter-related may help clinicians focus their assessments and develop strategies to improve the HRQoL of @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: The quality of life in Chinese XXXX with @entity1252 is associated with disease activity and @entity146 : a path analysis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus', 'SLE disease']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety and disease', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aim to describe the economic burden of UK @entity5 survivorship for breast, @entity14 @entity1 treated with curative intent, 1  year post-diagnosis. METHODS: @entity1 -level data were collected over a 3-month period 12-15 months post-diagnosis to estimate the monthly societal costs incurred by @entity5 survivors. Self-reported resource utilisation data were obtained via the electronic @entity1 -reported Outcomes from @entity5 Survivors system and included community-based health and social care, medications, travel costs and informal care. Hospital costs were retrieved through data linkage. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine cost predictors. RESULTS: Overall, 298 @entity1 were included in the analysis, including 136 @entity0 , 83 @entity5 @entity1 . The average monthly societal cost was  US409 (95%CI:  US316- US502) [mean:   260, 95%CI:   198-  322] and was incurred by 92% of @entity1 . This was divided into costs to the National Health Service (mean:  US279, 95%CI:  US207- US351) [mean:   177, 95%CI:   131-  224], @entity1 ' out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses (mean:  US40, 95%CI:  US15- US65) [mean:   25, 95%CI:   9-  42] and the cost of informal care (mean:  US110, 95%CI:  US57- US162) [mean:   70, 95%CI:   38-  102]. The distribution of costs was skewed with a small number of @entity1 incurring very high costs. Multivariate analyses showed higher societal costs for @entity0 @entity1 . Significant predictors of OOP costs included age and socioeconomic deprivation. CONCLUSIONS: This study found the economic burden of @entity5 survivorship is unevenly distributed in the population and that @entity5 survivors may still incur substantial costs over 1 year post-diagnosis. In addition, this study illustrates the feasibility of using an innovative online data collection platform to collect @entity1 -reported resource utilisation information. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The economic burden of XXXX in the UK: a study of survivors treated with curative intent.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer and 79 prostate cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonic @entity2473 can interfere with colonoscopy by hindering insertion of the colonoscope and by making polypectomy difficult, @entity158 , and dangerous. Methods for dealing with @entity694 include waiting for it to subside and administration of antispasmodic agents such as glucagon or @entity3897 . Glucagon is expensive and @entity3897 has side effects. This study evaluated an inexpensive technique, warm water irrigation, for overcoming @entity694 during colonoscopy. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial in a consecutive series of @entity1 was conducted to compare warm water irrigation for relaxation of @entity2473 with standard examination techniques. @entity1 in whom the sigmoid colon had been resected were excluded. In the test group, water from the hot water tap at approximately body temperature was instilled into the colon by means of the accessory channel of the colonoscope with a 30 mL syringe. Any irrigation, either for removal of stool or control of @entity2473 , was performed with warm water in the test group and water at room temperature in the control group. After each colonoscopy, the level of @entity158 experienced by the @entity1 was recorded with a linear analog scale. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 were randomized. The groups were similar with respect to gender distribution, age, and degree of @entity2473 . There was no difference between groups for insertion time, total duration of colonoscopy, dose of @entity1363 administered, or frequency of severe @entity2473 . @entity1 who had warm water irrigation had significantly less discomfort than control @entity1 (median 2.0, interquartile range: 1-4 on a 10 point linear analog scale, vs. 4.0, interquartile range: 2-5). CONCLUSIONS: Although glucagon and @entity3897 remain options for treatment of @entity694 , the results of this study suggest that warm water is also effective. It has no side effects and costs practically nothing.

title: Warm water irrigation for dealing with XXXX during colonoscopy: simple, inexpensive, and effective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['hyoscyamine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic spasm']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: To maintain reliable signal transmission across a synapse, free synaptic neurotransmitters must be removed from the cleft in a timely manner. In the first visual synapse, this critical task is mainly undertaken by @entity3264 transporters (EAATs). Here we study the differential roles of the @entity25842 , @entity15368 and @entity65128 subtypes in @entity3264 ( @entity367 ) uptake at the photoreceptor-to-depolarizing bipolar cell synapse in intact dark-adapted retina. Various doses of EAAT blockers and/or @entity367 were injected into the eye before the electroretinogram (ERG) was measured. Their effectiveness and potency in inhibiting the ERG b-wave were studied to determine their relative contributions to the @entity367 clearing activity at the synapse. The results showed that @entity25842 and @entity15368 plays different roles. Selectively blocking glial @entity25842 alone using @entity65129 inhibited the b-wave 2-24h following injection, suggesting a dominating role of @entity25842 in the overall @entity367 clearing capacity in the synaptic cleft. Selectively blocking @entity15368 on photoreceptor terminals had no significant effect on the b-wave, but increased the potency of exogenous @entity367 in inhibiting the b-wave. These suggest that @entity15368 play a secondary yet significant role in the @entity367 reuptake activity at the rod and the cone output synapses. Additionally, we have verified our electrophysiological findings with double-label immunohistochemistry, and extend the literature on the spatial distribution of @entity15368 splice variants in the @entity19 retina.

title: Pharmacological inhibitions of @entity3264 transporters @entity25842 and XXXX compromise @entity3264 transport in photoreceptor to ON-bipolar cell synapses.

answer: @entity15368 :: (20511(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['EAAT2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity51 caused by @entity2806 defines the outcome of carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Although few @entity1 have clinically evident @entity51 , diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) presents a number of cases with @entity75 . This study should elucidate preoperative risk factors for perioperative microemboli that cause @entity4798 . METHODS: We studied 183 @entity1 (58 @entity1 , 69.2 +/-12.7 years; 125 @entity1 , 69.3 +/- 8.9 years) with high-degree carotid @entity2791 . DWI was performed before and after CEA to analyze new @entity2806 . Blood samples were obtained before operation to measure @entity2002 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and preoperative high-sensitive @entity1851 (hsCRP) was analyzed in 30 consecutive @entity1 . RESULTS: Postoperative DWI revealed new @entity2806 in 41 @entity1 (22.4%), and eight (4.4%) showed new @entity51 . Preoperative @entity2002 levels were higher in @entity1 with new lesions (397.6 mg/dL +/- 104.7 mg/dL) than in those without (324.7 mg/dL +/- 74.2 mg/dL, P < .001). Preoperative levels of hsCRP were also higher in @entity1 with new lesions (7.9 mg/dL +/- 5.2 mg/dL) than in those without (2.8 mg/dL +/- 2.6 mg/dL, P = .004). Significant association was found between @entity2002 and @entity1851 (Spearman rho = 0.402; P < .001) as well as hsCRP (Spearman rho = 0.603, P = .003). No association was found between postoperative lesions and @entity1851 (P = .833). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that preoperative levels of @entity2002 and hsCRP are independent determinants for new periprocedural cerebral @entity2806 caused by microembolic events. There is still not sufficient evidence to recommend measurement of @entity1851 as a prognostic marker for perioperative @entity75 .

title: XXXX and high-sensitive @entity1851 as serologic predictors for perioperative cerebral @entity75 after carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions', 'ipsilateral ischemic lesions', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesion', 'ischemic brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['Fibrinogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Suicide risk was addressed in relation to the joint effect of factors regarding family structure, socioeconomics, demographics, @entity1032 , and family history of suicide and @entity1032 , as well as gender differences in risk factors. METHOD: Data were drawn from four national Danish longitudinal registers. Subjects were all 21,169 @entity1 who committed suicide in 1981-1997 and 423,128 live comparison subjects matched for age, gender, and calendar time of suicide by using a nested case-control design. The effect of risk factors was estimated through conditional logistic regression. The interaction of gender with the risk factors was examined by using the log likelihood ratio test. The population attributable risk was calculated. RESULTS: Of the risk factors examined in the study, a history of hospitalization for @entity146 was associated with the highest odds ratio and the highest attributable risk for suicide. Cohabiting or single marital status, unemployment, low income, retirement, disability, sickness-related absence from work, and a family history of suicide and/or @entity146 were also significant risk factors for suicide. Moreover, these factors had different effects in male and female subjects. A @entity146 was more likely to increase suicide risk in female than in male subjects. Being single was associated with higher suicide risk in male subjects, and having a young @entity1 with lower suicide risk in female subjects. Unemployment and low income had stronger effects on suicide in male subjects. Living in an urban area was associated with higher suicide risk in female subjects and a lower risk in male subjects. A family history of suicide raised suicide risk slightly more in female than in male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide risk is strongly associated with @entity1032 , unemployment, low income, marital status, and family history of suicide. The effect of most risk factors differs significantly by gender.

title: Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, XXXX , and familial factors: a national register-based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981-1997.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the predicted 10- and 30-year risk scores for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity1 who experienced @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) 5-10  years previously compared with healthy parous controls. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital in the Netherlands. POPULATION: One hundred and fifteen @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 and 50 controls. @entity1468 @entity1 were categorised into two groups, @entity101 (n  =  21) and normotensive (n  =  94), based on use of antihypertensive medication, and next categorised into subgroups based on the onset of @entity1468 : early-onset @entity1468 (n  =  39) and late-onset @entity1468 (n  =  76). METHODS: All @entity1 underwent cardiovascular risk screening 5-10  years after index pregnancy. We measured body mass, height and blood pressure. Blood was analysed for fasting @entity413 , insulin and lipid levels. All @entity1 completed a validated questionnaire. The 10- and 30-year Framingham risk scores were calculated and compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Estimated Framingham 10- and 30-year risk scores for @entity65 . RESULTS: The overall 10- and 30-year @entity65 median risks weighing subjects' lipids were comparable between formerly @entity1468 @entity1 and controls; 1.6 versus 1.5% (P  =  0.22) and 9.0 versus 9.0% (P  =  0.49), respectively. However, @entity101 formerly @entity1468 @entity1 have twice the @entity65 risk as normotensive formerly @entity1468 @entity1 : 10- and 30-year @entity65 median risks were 3.1 versus 1.5% (P  <  0.01) and 19.0% versus 8.0% (P  <  0.01), respectively. Risk estimates based on BMI rather than lipid profile show comparable results. Early-onset @entity1468 clustered more often in the @entity101 formerly @entity1468 group and showed significantly higher 10- and 30-year @entity65 risk estimates based on lipids compared with the late-onset @entity1468 group: 1.7 versus 1.3% (P  <  0.05) and 10.0 versus 7.0% (P  <  0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who are @entity101 after @entity1468 , have a twofold risk of developing @entity65 in the next 10-30  years. Formerly @entity1468 @entity1 who are normotensive in the first 10  years after their preeclamptic pregnancy have a comparable future cardiovascular risk to healthy controls.

title: XXXX risk is only elevated in @entity101 , formerly preeclamptic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular disease']


abstract: The aim of this work was to assess whether stress and estrous cycle phases affected the @entity10343 ( @entity10343 ) site activated by @entity3046 in the right atria of @entity35 . The chronotropic response to @entity3046 in the absence or presence of antagonists was determined in atria from @entity35 submitted to one daily foot-shock session for 3 consecutive days. Blood was collected for hormonal assays. The pD2 for @entity3046 in atria from females was lower than in atria from males and was unaltered by stress or the estrous cycle. @entity1169 (200 nM) or @entity14528 (3 microM) shifted the concentration-response curves to @entity3046 to the right in control and stressed estrus or control diestrus @entity35 . Atria from stressed diestrus @entity35 were resistant to blockade by @entity1169 or @entity14528 , indicating that the effect of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on the response to @entity3046 is influenced by estrous cycle phases. The stress-induced increase in serum @entity2819 levels was independent of the estrous cycle or gender, but the @entity53 / @entity1420 ratio was affected differently in the two groups of female @entity35 . In the diestrus group, serum @entity53 levels decreased after the first foot-shock session and remained low until the day of sacrifice, whereas in the estrus group the serum levels of @entity53 did not decrease after stress and peaked on the second day, which corresponded to proestrus. These data do not indicate whether there is a direct or indirect effect of stress hormones and (or) sex @entity230 on cardiac @entity10343 sensitivity. However, they do show that the classic and low-affinity binding sites of the @entity10343 are independently regulated and that the @entity10343 atypical site affinity for antagonists depends on the estrous cycle.

title: The @entity10343 site activated by XXXX varies in behavior according to the estrous cycle phase and stress.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity3046 :: (MESH:C033394,Chemical) :: ['CGP12177']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme aims to reduce the stress response to surgery and thereby accelerate recovery. The experience of implementing the ERAS programmes in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is relatively limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and clinical outcomes of the ERAS programme after PD at a high-volume Chinese university referral centre. METHODS: Between September 2014 and July 2016, a retrospective analysis of 166 consecutive @entity1 who underwent PD at a tertiary referral care center was carried out. Ninety-eight @entity1 who received conventional perioperative management (the conventional group) were compared with 68 @entity1 who received ERAS programme (the ERAS group). The incidences of @entity260 , length of stay, expenses, postoperative readmissions, and reoperation rates were compared. RESULTS: A total of 166 @entity1 who underwent PD were analysed (68 @entity1 in the ERAS group, and 98 @entity1 in the conventional group). There were no significant differences in mortality, reoperation, and readmission rates. The ERAS group had a lower morbidity rate than the conventional group (50% vs. 90.8%; P  =  0.00), as well as a shorter length of hospital stay (7.5 vs 12 days; P  =  0.00). @entity356 was significantly reduced in the ERAS group (0 vs. 11.2%; P  =  0.011). @entity3472 (grade B,C) was significantly reduced in the ERAS group (14.7 vs 30.6%; P  =  0.018). The median total hospital cost was also significantly reduced in the ERAS group (  79790.40 vs   102982.81; P  =  0.000). CONCLUSION: The ERAS programme is feasible and safe in @entity1 who underwent PD, and it can @entity260 and improve clinical outcomes.

title: Reducing XXXX and improving clinical outcome: Enhanced recovery after surgery in pancreaticoduodenectomy - A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'reduce postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']