abstract: BACKGROUND: Scars on exposed areas are a major concern among Asian populations because of their conspicuousness. Size, color, or whether the scar is @entity62 . @entity1346 gel is well known for the prevention and induction of better maturation of @entity2805 . However, its aesthetic effect on normal surgical @entity2318 has not been considered. METHODS: Clinical evaluation of @entity2318 was performed in 40 @entity1 . All the 40 @entity1 underwent clean and minor surgery of the exposed area, such as scar revision, by 1 plastic surgeon. Twenty of the 40 @entity1 did not apply any adjunctive material for scar management and were grouped as the control. The other 20 @entity1 applied a @entity1346 gel sheet for 12 hours a day for 3 months. Three assessment criteria, pigmentation, vascularity, and height, were evaluated by photographic assessment of the @entity2318 at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively and scored by 3 plastic surgeons. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to verify any significant differences in the previously mentioned 3 parameters between the 2 groups and parameter scores at each follow-up period. RESULTS: Two @entity1 were excluded from the study because of the development of @entity1910 on the areas covered by the @entity1346 gel sheet. There was no statistical significance between the groups at postoperative 2 weeks and 1 month in pigmentation and redness. For evaluation of height, there was statistical significance (P = 0.024) at postoperative 1 month. However, there were statistically significant differences in all the assessment criteria at postoperative 3 months between the groups: pigmentation, P = 0.0002; vascularity, P = 0.0002; and height, P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1346 gel sheet has a favorable aesthetical effect for normally created surgical @entity2318 in the Asians. Its application can reduce the conspicuousness of @entity2318 more rapidly than without.

title: Aesthetic effect of @entity1346 gel on surgical XXXX in Asians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic and keloid scars']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmented or hyperpigmented matters little']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['scars']


abstract: With the increasing prevalence of faecal hormone metabolite analysis, it is important to develop a better understanding of the dynamics of faecal metabolite composition. The aim of this study was to compare the quantitative faecal gestagen and @entity172 metabolite composition in the four lynx species: Eurasian lynx, Iberian lynx, Canada lynx and @entity18908 . Comparative HPLC immunograms were generated from faecal samples collected before, during, and after pregnancy from individual females of each lynx species. Gestagens and @entity172 revealed three similar classes of immunoreactive faecal metabolites: (1) polar metabolites which were enzyme-hydrolysable and thus may be designated as conjugates, (2) non-hydrolysable polar metabolites, and (3) non-polar metabolites or free @entity230 . For both hormones, strong similarities in the HPLC immunograms across species suggests that @entity134 metabolism is relatively conserved among Lynx species. Gestagens were primarily excreted as polar conjugates or unknown metabolites, whereas @entity172 metabolism revealed a huge proportion (approximately 50%) consisting of @entity53 and @entity1815 . These results are consistent with patterns of @entity134 metabolism in other felid species. Only two minor species-specific patterns emerged. In @entity18908 , we observed an exceptionally high proportion of gestagen conjugates, and in Iberian lynx, there was an exceptionally high proportion of @entity1815 . The comparison of HPLC immunograms within individuals revealed that intra-individual variations in @entity134 metabolite composition are considerably high. However, changes in metabolite composition did not correlate with specific reproductive stages; rather, they seemed to occur at random. We assume that these differences may reflect changes in liver metabolism and/or qualitative and quantitative variations in gut bacteria composition, resulting in differences in faecal metabolite composition.

title: Comparative metabolism of gestagens and @entity172 in the four lynx species, the Eurasian (Lynx lynx), the Iberian (L. pardinus), the Canada lynx (L. canadensis) and the XXXX ( @entity18908 ).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity18908 :: (61384,Species) :: ['bobcat']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of postoperative anastomotic stricture, and the efficacy and complications of esophageal bougie dilatations for symptomatic anastomotic stricture in a population of @entity1 with @entity1152 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The medical records of 62 @entity1 operated on for @entity1152 (Ladd and Gross) over a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Anastomotic stricture developed in 23 (37%) of @entity1 . Anastomotic tension during primary repair of @entity1152 was associated with subsequent stricture formation (P < .05). @entity1 required esophageal dilation at a mean age of 149 days (range, 30-600 days). Stricture resolution occurred after a mean of 3.2 dilatations per @entity1 (range, 1-7). Dilation was successful in 87% of @entity1 . Three @entity1 continued to present mild (n = 1) to severe (n = 2) @entity1282 , mainly related to @entity4423 . No complications were observed during or after the dilatation sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Anastomotic stricture, secondary to the surgical treatment of @entity1152 , remains a frequent complication in @entity1 with @entity1152 . Esophageal dilation with Savary-Gilliard bougies is a safe and effective procedure in the management of strictures.

title: Anastomotic stricture after surgical repair of XXXX : frequency, risk factors, and efficacy of esophageal bougie dilatations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'esophageal atresia type III']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the fetal-pelvic index in our @entity1 population and to determine whether it would be predictive of route of delivery. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred seventy-six @entity1 with a previous history or clinical findings in the current pregnancy suggestive of @entity2241 participated in this @entity1 Investigation Committee-approved study. All underwent fetal ultrasonographic examinations and modified digital radiography before labor. Fetal head and abdominal circumferences and maternal inlet and midpelvic circumferences were determined, and the fetal-pelvic index was calculated. RESULTS: Ninety-one @entity1 fulfilled all aspects of the study, including rigorous criteria pertaining to labor management. Thirty of these @entity1 underwent cesarean delivery and 61 were delivered vaginally. The fetal-pelvic index value for the vaginal delivery group was -5.4 +/- 5.3, as opposed to -2.4 +/- 5.8 in the cesarean delivery group (P <.02). Notwithstanding this difference, the fetal-pelvic index had a low overall ability to predict @entity2241 (0.65) and had associated sensitivity and specificity of 0.27 and 0.84, respectively. Predictive thresholds other than zero were tested, but optimal predictive ability, at a fetal-pelvic index cutoff of 2, was only 70% (sensitivity 0.20, specificity 0.95). CONCLUSION: In our @entity1 population the fetal-pelvic index was only moderately predictive of @entity2241 . Factors other than those assessed by the fetal-pelvic index are probably important in determining the route of delivery. Further studies are indicated.

title: The fetal-pelvic index has minimal utility in predicting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal-pelvic disproportion']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['fetal-pelvic disproportion']


abstract: We have previously shown in animals that @entity1943 released from @entity2951 -sensitive afferents in response to @entity32 and tissue damage exerts systemic anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions. Since peptidergic sensory innervation of the airways and the joints are particularly dense, we aimed at investigating the alterations of plasma @entity1943 -like immunoreactivity (SST- @entity3162 ) in response to thoracic and orthopedic surgery, as well as @entity295 . Thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopy, hip and knee endoprosthesis were performed under general anesthesia. Blood was taken before, during and after the surgical procedures, as well as at admission and every consecutive morning from septic @entity1 receiving exclusively total parenteral nutrition. SST- @entity3162 was determined from the plasma with specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay developed in our laboratory. Plasma SST- @entity3162 in healthy volunteers and preoperatively was 8-12fmol/ml. Both thoracotomy and thoracoscopy significantly increased SST- @entity3162 by 55-60% at the end of the procedures when the thoracic cavity and the skin were closed. Hip endoprosthesis implantation elevated SST- @entity3162 by 30% after skin incision, which increased further to 55% by the time the surgery was completed. In contrast, knee operations performed under tourniquet did not alter SST- @entity3162 in the systemic circulation. SST- @entity3162 was almost 3-fold higher in the plasma of septic @entity1 than in healthy volunteers. This @entity1 study revealed that thoracic/hip surgery and @entity295 elevate SST- @entity3162 in the systemic circulation, presumably by inducing its release from sensory fibres. It is concluded, that the endogenous protective mechanism mediated by neural @entity1943 , which has been evidenced in animals, is likely to operate in @entity1 .

title: Surgery and XXXX increase @entity1943 -like immunoreactivity in the @entity1 plasma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: @entity1 often fail to notice a large change in the visual scene when the change occurs during a brief interruption of the viewing. Since the change is well above perceptual threshold in continuous viewing, the failure (termed change @entity1939 ) has been attributed to abnormal visual short-term memory (VSTM). However, it is still unclear where the abnormality lies among the phases in VSTM, namely, encoding, maintenance, and retrieval-comparison. EEG oscillations, especially the gamma activity, have been suggested as neural signatures of VSTM, but have not been examined in the context of change @entity1939 . Thus, we asked in the present study whether change detection or failure is correlated with EEG oscillatory activities and, if so, whether the timing and the spatial distribution of the oscillations could pin-point the abnormal phase of VSTM in change @entity1939 . While on EEG recording, subjects watched morphed pictures of @entity1 faces in trials which consisted of a 200-ms initial image display, a 500-ms blank period, and a 200-ms comparison image display. The two images were either the same or clearly different above threshold. Trials with different images were classified as hit or missed, based on subjects' responses, and EEG data were compared between the two types of trials. Enhanced gamma activity was observed in the right temporal-parietal region during all periods in the hit trials compared to the missed ones. Frontal theta activity was increased during initial image encoding, whereas beta activity was decreased during maintenance and retrieval-comparison in the hit trials. These results point to weak encoding of initial images as the culprit for a later failure in change detection, while abnormal processing in subsequent phases of VSTM may result from the weak encoding and also contribute to change @entity1939 .

title: EEG oscillations reflect visual short-term memory processes for the change detection in XXXX faces.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity3052 were treated with low-dose @entity2592 (LDAC). Thirteen @entity1 received subcutaneous injections at a dose of 10 mg/M2 every 12 h. One @entity1 received 25 mg intramuscularly daily. All cases received one to three courses with each course lasting 10-60 days (median 19). Complete remission was achieved in 6 (or 43%) of the @entity1 . Three @entity1 had only cytoreduction and 5 @entity1 did not respond. During the therapy severe @entity882 occurred in all @entity1 while prominent other @entity1503 occurred in 10. Two-thirds of the @entity1 achieving a remission had significant myelosuppression. There was one treatment-related @entity204 . During therapy 11 @entity1 demonstrated a decrease in @entity1778 cells with an associated increase in differentiated granulocytes. This included 3 of the 4 complete remitters, and 3 of the 5 nonresponders. These results seem to suggest that the therapeutic effect of low-dose @entity2592 may result from a combination of differentiation induction, @entity137 and unusual sensitivity of the leukemic cells to this agent.

title: Low-dose XXXX can cause complete remission of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia: differentiation induction?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinosylcytosine', 'Ara-C']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['Ara-C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This case study describes a @entity1 with long-standing @entity309 who presented with significant @entity79 , @entity2720 , and a potentially life-threatening complication, @entity3473 with @entity2850 . The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging, and surgical management are discussed. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 67-year-old female presented to a chiropractic clinic with @entity4048 of 30 years of duration complicated by @entity309 . Her neck @entity158 had recently exacerbated and was radiating into her trapezius muscle and shoulders. She also reported a recent onset of mild @entity1282 . The @entity1 was referred to a neurosurgeon for consultation and management. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine demonstrated significant @entity79 , @entity2720 . There was moderate stenosis of the foramen magnum secondary to @entity3473 with significant @entity2850 . The @entity1 underwent surgical stabilization fusion from the occiput to T2 using a posterior approach. Her @entity158 severity was lessened after surgery, and the @entity1282 had not progressed suggesting stabilization of @entity2850 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with long-standing @entity309 . Cervical spine instability may arise from @entity309 and is also secondary to horizontal or vertical subluxation of the atlantoaxial and occipitoatlantal regions, respectively. High-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation of the upper cervical spine is an absolute contraindication in cases of @entity8432 . A timely diagnosis and favorable surgical outcome provided relief from a potentially life-threatening disorder. This case exemplifies the clinical caution necessary for managing @entity1 with chronic cervical spine @entity158 complicated by @entity309 .

title: @entity2850 and XXXX secondary to chronic @entity309 in a 67-year-old female.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8432 :: ('MESH:C563472', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial instability']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem compression']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['gross joint derangement, and basilar invagination', 'gross joint derangement']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid osteolysis', 'rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine often present with chronic neck pain', 'rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine']

answer: @entity8432 :: (MESH:C563472,Disease) :: ['atlantoaxial instability']


abstract: Advances in the treatment of @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) have reduced mortality rates due to the disease and improved @entity1 ' quality of life. Nowadays, attending neurologists can choose among different treatment strategies for @entity1737 @entity1 . An exhaustive revision of published data on the efficacy of the different therapeutic options for @entity1737 indicates that there are insufficient evidence-based results. However, recommendations based on expert opinion can be provided. Thymectomy is indicated in all @entity1 with a @entity704 or for generalized @entity934 receptor-seropositive @entity1 aged 18 - 55 years. @entity230 are the most widely used immunosuppressive drug for @entity1737 . They are recommended as the first-line drug in all @entity1 with generalized @entity1737 without response to thymectomy, or in those @entity1 who do not fulfill criteria for the surgery. The selection of second-line drugs may vary between protocols. We recommend to start with @entity500 if insufficient remission is achieved with @entity230 , followed by @entity205 , @entity6051 and others. We use rituximab or @entity786 only in severely drug-resistant @entity1 . Finally, we recommend intravenous immunoglobulins or plasma exchange in @entity1737 crisis, or for unstable @entity1 before thymectomy or in clinical exacerbations.

title: Treatment strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: We examined the effectiveness of inhaled @entity842 (NO) as a selective pulmonary vasodilator in @entity120 in an in vivo @entity235 model with fixed cardiac output. In 5 @entity235 , total right heart bypass was instituted, and @entity120 was induced by infusion of the @entity2871 analogue @entity2872 . During @entity2872 infusion, NO was administered at 10 and 40 ppm for 5 minutes followed by breathing of the @entity26 mixture without NO. Pump flow was held constant during the experiment. Infusion of the @entity2871 analogue resulted in an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance from 147 +/- 83 to 740 +/- 126 dyne.s.cm-5 and from 1,720 +/- 113 to 2,407 +/- 232 dyne.s.cm-5, respectively. During inhalation of 10 ppm NO, pulmonary vascular resistance significantly decreased to 613 +/- 55 dyne.s.cm-5 (p < 0.05) and further decreased to 527 +/- 163 dyne.s.cm-5 with 40 ppm NO inhalation (p < 0.05). Systemic vascular resistance did not change during NO treatment (2,300 +/- 70 dyne.s.cm-5 during 40 ppm NO). There was no increase in intrapulmonary shunting or methemoglobin levels during NO inhalation. In this setting, with a constant cardiac output throughout the experiment, NO acted as a selective pulmonary vasodilator without altering systemic vascular resistance. However, induced pulmonary vasoconstriction was only partially reversed by NO inhalation.

title: Treatment of @entity120 with inhaled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'acute pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgery is the only potentially curable treatment for @entity14 ( @entity14 ), but it is hampered by high mortality. Human serum @entity2313 (HSA) below 35   g/L is associated with poor overall prognosis in @entity1 with @entity14 , but evidence regarding the impact on postoperative mortality is sparse. METHODS: We performed a population-based cohort study including @entity1 undergoing @entity14 surgery in North and Central Denmark (1997-2011). We categorised @entity1 according to HSA concentration measured 1-30   days prior to surgery date. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to compute 30-day mortality and Cox regression model to compute HRs as measures of the relative risk of @entity204 , controlling for potential confounders. We further stratified @entity1 by preoperative conditions, including @entity5 stage, comorbidity level, and @entity1851 concentration. RESULTS: Of the 9339 @entity1 undergoing first-time @entity14 surgery with preoperative HSA measurement, 26.4% (n=2464) had HSA below 35   g/L. 30-day mortality increased from 4.9% among @entity1 with HSA 36-40   g/L to 26.9% among @entity1 with HSA equal to or below 25   g/L, compared with 2.0% among @entity1 with HSA above 40   g/L. The corresponding adjusted HRs increased from 1.75 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.45) among @entity1 with HSA 36-40   g/L to 7.59 (95% CI 4.95 to 11.64) among @entity1 with HSA equal to or below 25   g/L, compared with @entity1 with HSA above 40   g/L. The negative impact associated with a decrement of HSA was found in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: A decrement in preoperative HSA concentration was associated with substantial concentration-dependent increased 30-day mortality following @entity14 surgery.

title: Impact of preoperative serum @entity2313 on 30-day mortality following surgery for XXXX : a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) and general population, using the disease-specific Health-Related Quality of Life for @entity1277 (HeRQoLED) questionnaire. METHODS: A total of 358 @entity1 with @entity1277 completed the HeRQoLED questionnaire as well as the SF-12 and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) at baseline; 273 @entity1 completed the same instruments after 1 year of multidisciplinary treatment. A total of 305 individuals recruited from the general population completed the HeRQoLED once. Comparison of means was used to assess change. Multivariate models were created to determine variables predictive of change in HeRQoLED scores. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1278 had higher baseline scores (indicating worse perception of QOL) on the HeRQoLED questionnaire and experienced smaller improvements than @entity1 with other diagnoses after 1 year of treatment. After adjustment by relevant variables, body-mass index (BMI) and EAT-26 scores were associated with changes in QOL. SF-12 scores showed significant improvement in the physical health component but not in mental health. General population had lower baseline scores on the HeRQoLED. CONCLUSIONS: As measured by the disease-specific HeRQoLED and generic instruments, QOL in @entity1 with @entity1277 improved after 1 year of treatment, though it did not reach the values of the general population.

title: Assessment of the impact of @entity1277 on quality of life using the disease-specific, Health-Related Quality of Life for XXXX (HeRQoLED) questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'Eating Disorders', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['Eating Disorders']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that crystalloid coronary perfusion can cause @entity296 , but the time required for resolution of this @entity4 has not been defined. Accordingly, studies were conducted in 30 @entity35 . @entity296 was induced by coronary perfusion with 20 cc/kg of @entity21098 (294 mOsm/liter) during @entity432 , which produced @entity1167 . This was followed by whole blood reperfusion, which restored normal contractile function. Duration of reperfusion in minutes was zero (group 0, n = 6), one (group 1, n = 6), five (group 5, n = 6), or fifteen (group 15, n = 6). A control group (n = 6) was studied without @entity4 or reperfusion. Data included heart weight and myocardial water content. Left ventricular pressure-volume curves were measured in groups 1, 5, and 15. Myocardial water content increased significantly from 75.7 +/- 0.5% (SD) in the control group to 79.7 +/- 1.1% (P < 0.05) in group 0 and then decreased significantly to 77.3 +/- 0.7, 75.2 +/- 1.4, and 75.3 +/- 1.6% in groups 1, 5, and 15, respectively. Water content in group 1 was also significantly greater than in groups 5 and 15. Heart weight changes were not statistically significant. Normalized pressure-volume relationships shifted rightward with increasing reperfusion time, but changes were not statistically significant. We conclude that @entity4 induced by crystalloid coronary perfusion of the arrested heart resolves in the beating heart after less than 5 min of blood reperfusion.

title: Time course of perfusion-induced @entity296 resolution in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial edema', 'Myocardial edema']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic arrest']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A @entity5 of the right breast was noticed in a 70 year old female. The @entity5 was round, 1 x 1 cm, and was encapsulated with thin fibrous tissue. The boundary was clear. The cut surface showed a mosaic pattern of brown and white dots and the texture was gritty. Histologically, glandular structures, trabecular or solid epithelial cell nests, myxoid, @entity10545 , and one ossifying focus were found. Round, polyhedral or fusiform myoepithelial cells proliferated around the glandular structures and were dispersing into the myxoid and cartilaginous tissue. Myoepithelial proliferation was especially marked around the small glandular structure. Immunohistochemically, @entity4483 protein was strongly positive for the myoepithelial cells around the glandular structures and in the cartilaginous tissue. Until now, 54 cases of @entity0 have been reported. In those cases, the subareolar region was a common site for the @entity5 , and @entity5123 was thought to arise from large ducts in this region. No Oriental @entity1 have been reported in the literature.

title: XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous and osteoid areas']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for centuries to treat cough, @entity565 , insect bites, etc. Recent reports indicate that A. yomena possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities; however, few experiments have described its anti-inflammatory properties. The present study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of an @entity1068 extract of A. yomena leaves (EEAY) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated @entity19 RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with EEAY significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as @entity842 and @entity635 , in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, without incurring any significant @entity137 . These protective effects were accompanied by a marked reduction in the expression of regulatory genes at the transcription level. Treatment with EEAY also inhibited the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) by suppression of nuclear translocation of NF-kB and by degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kB; these effects were associated with suppression of the @entity4357 3-kinase/ @entity1994 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. The EEAY treatment also potently suppressed LPS-induced toll like receptor (TLR) 4 expression and attenuated the binding of LPS to the macrophage cell surface. In addition, EEAY treatment markedly inhibited LPS-induced accumulation of intracellular reactive @entity26 species in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of EEAY on LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages were apparently associated with suppression of the TLR-mediated NF-kB signaling pathway. More work is needed to fully understand the critical role and clinical usefulness of EEAY treatment, but the findings of the present study provide some insights into the potential of EEAY as a therapeutic agent for treatment of @entity32 .

title: An XXXX extract of Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in @entity19 RAW 264.7 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Course and prognosis of 125 @entity1 with @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) were evaluated. Follow-up period ranged from 1-20 years with a median of 6.3 years. The following conclusions were obtained. Recent increase of @entity1689 in our clinics was ascribed to @entity8883 and idiopathic @entity1689 in the aged. Of 106 @entity1 with @entity158 , 74 showed improvement or disappearance of @entity158 . Drinking habit and observation period were the main factors determining the rate of @entity158 relief. Serial endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) showed aggravation in 17/47 @entity1 , cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) secretin test in 4/40 @entity1 , and oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) in 7/25 @entity1 . Exocrine function showed improvement in five @entity1 , whereas endocrine function showed none. Improvement or aggravation of exocrine function was closely related to drinking habit. Main complications included 15 cases of peptic ulcer, 19 of @entity9007 , and 15 of @entity1157 . Twenty-six @entity1 died, often due to @entity5 and @entity6 complications. Those who continued drinking as much showed a lower survival rate than those who discontinued or decreased @entity167 intake. The socioeconomic status deteriorated often due to @entity158 or @entity988 . Three @entity1 had to degrade jobs and six fell into inactive social life.

title: Clinical course and prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic CP']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a non-invasive technique used for various reasons in medicine and dentistry. There are many reports of vascular and microcirculatory changes in @entity1 with @entity6 . The aim of the study was to assess the gingival blood flow (GBF) measurements in @entity1 with @entity7278 (Group 1), @entity1 with @entity7278 and @entity6 (Group 2) and healthy controls (Group 3). METHODS: Forty-eight individuals were included in the study and divided into three groups. Gingival blood flow measurements were taken from 16 points in the upper vestibular aspect of six anterior teeth using LDF probe. In addition, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), @entity92 ( @entity92 ) and @entity6730 ( @entity6730 ) were registered to determine the periodontal status. RESULTS: Results showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) in clinical indices and GBF among the groups. Moreover, in Group 1, there was a correlation between GI and @entity6730 and between @entity92 and @entity6730 . In Group 2, a correlation was observed between PI and @entity6730 and between GI and GBF. CONCLUSION: The results revealed an increase in GBF value in the @entity7278 group with @entity6 compared with the group with @entity7278 . @entity6 can also affect GBF due to the nature of the disease, which affects the microcirculatory status.

title: Comparative Analysis of the Blood Flow Values of @entity1 with @entity6 Presenting with XXXX , @entity1 with @entity7278 Only and Healthy Individuals.

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis only', 'chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['Chronic Periodontitis']


abstract: To evaluate the role of in vivo-produced @entity842 (NO) after orthotopic liver transplantation, @entity1507 , a stable end product of spontaneous NO conversion in blood, was assayed in plasma samples of 32 @entity1 . In 31 @entity1 , @entity1507 increased from 36 +/- 2 microM to 137 +/- 8 microM within the first 6 postoperative days. In 11 out of 12 @entity1 with an uneventful early postoperative course, @entity1507 increased from 33 +/- 2 microM to 70 +/- 8 microM, and returned to baseline levels within 2-3 days. In the remaining 20 @entity1 with episodes of rejection and/or @entity281 , the @entity1507 peak was augmented and prolonged. Ten @entity1 suffering from these events in the later postoperative course showed a second @entity1507 elevation. In 31 @entity1 , effective plasma levels of @entity205 were reached 4-5 days after OLT. The @entity1 without significant elevation in plasma @entity1507 had effective levels already at day 1. After liver resection or coronary bypass grafting, the median @entity1507 level remained at 21 microM (range 15-36 microM; healthy @entity1 : median 24 microM, range 18-32 microM). After kidney transplantation @entity1507 was elevated in the early postoperative course. Thus, NO formation appears to be increased after solid organ transplantation, but not after other surgeries. After OLT, the increase appears to occur (a) in response to rejection and/or @entity281 , and (b) 4-6 days after surgery in the absence of overt complications. In the latter case, NO might be involved in subclinical rejection and its production is possibly dependent upon the effectiveness of the immunosuppressive therapy.

title: Evidence for increased XXXX production after liver transplantation in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether reduced levels of circulating endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) are secondary to an exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow or to reduced mobilization. BACKGROUND: Circulating EPCs presumably originate from bone marrow-derived HSC. Persistent mobilization of EPCs was shown to be associated with favorable left @entity1188 . METHODS: We assessed the number and functional capacity of EPCs in 17 healthy controls, 25 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ), and 20 @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). To document an impairment of HSC function in the bone marrow, the colony-forming unit capacity of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells and the number of @entity2280 + HSCs were examined in 6 healthy volunteers, 94 @entity296 @entity1 , and 25 @entity384 @entity1 . RESULTS: The number of EPCs was reduced in @entity712 , irrespective of its etiology. In contrast, the migratory capacity was selectively impaired in EPCs of @entity296 @entity1 (4.8 +/- 4.0 migrated cells; @entity384 9.7 +/- 5.8; p = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, @entity296 , advanced New York Heart Association functional class, and @entity712 were independent predictors of functional EPC impairment. The number of bone marrow-derived @entity2280 + cells did not differ between the @entity712 populations. However, colony-forming units (CFUs) were selectively reduced in @entity296 @entity1 (54.4 +/- 24.6; @entity384 68.1 +/- 26.9; p < 0.02). @entity296 was the only independent predictor of impaired CFU capacity. Impaired CFU capacity was associated with reduced @entity1495 activity in the bone marrow plasma. CONCLUSIONS: @entity296 is associated with selective impairment of progenitor cell function in the bone marrow and in the peripheral blood, which may contribute to an unfavorable left ventricular (LV) remodeling process.

title: Selective functional exhaustion of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'Ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular infarct remodeling processes']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['postinfarction heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transhiatal (two-field) esophagectomy reduces cardiopulmonary complications by avoiding thoracic access, but requires blind mediastinal dissection. The authors developed a minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) technique applying single-incision laparoscopy technology to better visualize the thoracic esophageal dissection. This is performed using laparoscopy and simultaneous @entity2910 ( @entity2910 ). Our aim is to demonstrate feasibility of two-field MIE with @entity2910 and improve recovery in high-risk @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of eight @entity1 who underwent two-field MIE with @entity2910 over 10 months. The majority were male (N = 6) with mean age of 63    12 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.2    5.1 kg/m(2). Indications for operation were: high-grade @entity1141 (N = 2), @entity420 (N = 6) with one receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Using the Charlson comorbidity index, three @entity1 were low risk and five were high risk. @entity2910 was performed with a modified single-incision access device across the left neck. The mediastinal esophagus was dissected distally and circumferentially with simultaneous transabdominal laparoscopy for gastric conduit creation and distal esophageal dissection. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 292 min (range 194-375 min). Three @entity28 @entity1 required temporary abdominal desufflation to avoid extrinsic mediastinal compression. Mean estimated @entity190 was 119 mL (range 25-400 mL). A median of 23 lymph nodes (range 13-29) was harvested. Median intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 1 day (range 1-5 days), and median overall stay was 7 days (range 5-16 days). The three low-risk @entity1 had no major complications. Three of five high-risk @entity1 had major complications, including two cervical @entity834 . Major complications were seen in three of four @entity28 @entity1 (BMI >30 kg/m(2)). There were no mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2910 approach may avoid the morbidity of transthoracic esophageal dissection by improving esophageal visualization. Complications with @entity2910 appear to correlate with @entity28 and comorbidities. Although @entity2910 appears feasible, a larger experience is required.

title: Transcervical videoscopic esophageal dissection during two-field minimally invasive esophagectomy: early XXXX experience.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['TVED', 'transcervical videoscopic esophageal dissection']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: 1. @entity2172 is one of the most common diseases of childhood. 2. Pathogenesis is related to @entity409 . 3. Etiology is primarily bacterial ( @entity2260 , 40 per cent; @entity327 , 20 per cent). Bacteria are also present in @entity102 media with effusion ("secretory @entity2346 "). 4. @entity327 is present in all age groups, and 15 to 30 per cent are @entity869 -resistant. 5. Diagnosis is by pneumatic otoscopy, or tympanometry, or both. 6. Tympanocentesis and/or myringotomy is important diagnostic-therapeutic procedure in selected @entity1 . 7. @entity869 (or @entity115 ) is initial therapy of choice. 8. @entity2929 and @entity11682 , @entity799 , or @entity5504 is recommended for those who have poor clinical response to initial antimicrobial therapy. 9. Efficacy is yet to be shown for antimicrobial prophylaxis, decongestants, antihistamines, @entity5274 , and adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy. 10. Attendant conductive @entity393 is probably related to @entity73 , and learning.

title: Recent advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of XXXX media.

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Otitis media']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity5504 :: ('MESH:D002433', 'Chemical') :: ['cefaclor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in cognition, language']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. Influenzae', 'H. influenzae']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['eustachian tube dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['myringotomy and tympanostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin', 'Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: Forty-four unanesthetized @entity468 underwent @entity2500 with an implanted, externally controlled balloon cuff occluder. The @entity432 was reversed to allow reperfusion of the MCA after 2 min to 24 hr of @entity63 . Fourteen @entity468 had temporary @entity432 lasting 2 min to 3 hr; their @entity51 improved or resolved after reperfusion, and brain sections showed only scattered microscopic areas of @entity39 . After a 4-hr @entity432 , five of nine @entity468 (55%) recovered completely within 24 hr; two had persistent deficit when sacrificed, 10 days later, and each had a circumscribed @entity1188 . All 18 @entity468 undergoing 5-, 6-, 8-, and 24-hr @entity432 sustained permanent @entity51 . Three 3-hr @entity432 at 2-day intervals in three @entity468 resulted in permanent @entity1188 that were 25% larger than those after single 8-hr @entity432 . Ten @entity468 underwent permanent @entity2500 ; three deteriorated neurologically and died, and the survivors showed no improvement. @entity1188 after 5-, 6-, and 8-hr @entity432 followed by reperfusion were 66% smaller (p less than 0.05) than those after permanent @entity432 ; reperfusion after 24 hr of @entity432 did not reduce @entity1188 size. @entity385 occurred after two permanent @entity432 , but after only one 5-hr temporary @entity432 . The results obtained with this method of temporary regional @entity63 indicate that restoration of flow after 1-8 hr, but not after 24 hr, of @entity2500 resulted in less severe @entity51 and smaller @entity1188 than did permanent @entity432 . The @entity1188 size correlated with the duration of @entity2500 (p less than 0.05) rather than with the degree of @entity432 .

title: @entity51 and @entity385 after XXXX in unanesthetized @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion', 'temporary middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['deficits and infarcts', 'infarcts', 'infarct', 'Infarcts']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusions', 'occlusion', 'deficit during occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic infarction']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1534 causes numerous extragastric manifestations, including @entity301 . The @entity729 ( @entity729 ) score, measured using computed tomography (CT) has been used as a screening test for @entity453 . This study investigated the association between @entity1534 seropositivity and @entity729 scores in a screening population. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent a health checkup between October 2003 and July 2007 and who did not have a history of @entity741 were enrolled in the study. Subjects were screened with a multidetector CT scan to determine the @entity729 score and for anti-H. @entity1534 antibody immunoglobulin G; traditional risks for @entity301 were evaluated using a structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests. RESULTS: Of the 2,029 subjects enrolled (1,295 males), 1,214 (59.8%) subjects were @entity1534 positive and 815 were @entity1534 negative. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the seropositive and seronegative @entity1 . When the @entity729 presence or absence scores were considered, multivariate analysis revealed that @entity1534 seropositivity was statistically associated with the presence of @entity729 and that this association was stronger in the mild @entity729 score category. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1534 seropositive @entity1 are at a higher risk for @entity453 regardless of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This association is particularly applicable for early @entity453 .

title: Association between XXXX Seropositivity and the Coronary Artery Calcium Score in a Screening Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinicopathological outcomes of @entity1 with T4 lower @entity5 treated using preoperative chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus @entity2600 . METHODS: Between 2005 and 2011, 35 @entity1 with T4M0 lower @entity5 , diagnosed initially as T4a in 12 and as T4b in 23, were treated with 45  Gy of radiotherapy concomitantly with S-1 plus @entity2600 . The median follow-up period was 50.6  months (range 2-123  months). RESULTS: A total of 32 @entity1 (91.4  %) completed the radiotherapy and 26 (74.3  %) completed the full chemotherapy regimen. Radical surgery was then performed in 33 (94.3  %) of the 35 @entity1 after the exclusion of two @entity1 , who had macroscopic @entity66 . The pathological diagnosis was downstaged from T4a to ypT0-3 in all 12 of those @entity1 (100  %) and from T4b to ypT0-4a in 20 of those 23 @entity1 (87.0  %). The @entity5 regression grade of 1a/1b/2/3 (complete response) was 10/8/15/2, respectively. In terms of long-term survival, the 5-year local relapse-free survival rate was 74.8  % and the recurrence-free survival rate was 52.0  %. CONCLUSIONS: This regimen may result in favorable downstaging. Moreover, in this series, pathological evidence of involvement of adjacent organs was rare following preoperative chemoradiotherapy, in the @entity1 with disease diagnosed as T4b at the initial staging.

title: Clinicopathological outcomes of preoperative chemoradiotherapy using S-1 plus XXXX for T4 lower @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['Irinotecan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity285 is a potent agent for eliciting @entity146 in vertebrates. @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ) is an @entity5625 with pleiotropic actions on brain function. It is one of the most abundant molecules present in energy drinks frequently used as mixers for alcoholic beverages. However, the combined effects of @entity5624 and @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) on behavioral parameters such as @entity146 are poorly understood. Considering that @entity3392 is a suitable vertebrate to assess agonistic behaviors using noninvasive protocols, we investigate whether @entity5624 modulates @entity167 -induced @entity146 in @entity3392 using the mirror-induced @entity146 (MIA) test. Since body color can be altered by pharmacological agents and may be indicative of emotional state, we also evaluated the actions of @entity167 and @entity5624 on pigment response. Fish were acutely exposed to @entity5624 (42, 150, and 400mg/L), @entity167 (0.25%), or cotreated with both molecules for 1h and then placed in the test apparatus for 6min. @entity167 , @entity5624 42, @entity5624 400, @entity5624 42/ @entity167 and @entity5624 400/ @entity167 showed @entity146 , while 150mg/L @entity5624 only increased the latency to attack the mirror. This same concentration also prevented @entity167 -induced @entity146 , suggesting that it antagonizes the effects of acute @entity285 exposure. Representative ethograms revealed the existence of different aggressive patterns and our results were confirmed by an index used to estimate @entity146 in the MIA test. @entity5624 did not alter pigment intensity, while @entity167 and all cotreated groups presented a substantial increase in body color. Overall, these data show a biphasic effect of @entity5624 on @entity167 -induced @entity146 of @entity3392 , which is not necessarily associated with changes in body color.

title: Modulatory action of @entity2226 on @entity1068 -induced @entity146 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'increased aggression']

entities_list: @entity5625 :: ('MESH:C005741', 'Chemical') :: ['amino sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcomes of @entity995 in the posterior pole (RBPP) treated with chemotherapy plus local treatments and to address the prognostic factors that influence such outcomes. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 with RBPP diagnosed at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Seoul National University @entity1 's Hospital between August 1987 and September 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. Only those @entity1 treated via primary chemotherapy plus local treatments were included. The presence of foveal involvement and @entity5 in the posterior pole before and after treatment, the type of regression pattern and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of each @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 13 eyes in 12 @entity1 were included. The mean final BCVA for treated RBPP was 20/210 (range, hand motion to 20/16). However, eight eyes (61.5%) had an acuity of 20/200 or better and seven eyes (53.8%) had an acuity of 20/50 or better. The mean final BCVA was significantly better in cases with negative foveal involvement; however, four eyes (37.5%) with positive foveal involvement had an acuity of 20/200 or better. @entity5 area in the posterior pole and the type of regression pattern were not significantly related to final BCVA. CONCLUSIONS: Over one half of the studied RBPP @entity1 had working vision. Although the eyes had RBPP with positive foveal involvement, about one-third of the @entity1 had working vision. Vision preservation should be considered when deciding on RBPP treatment.

title: Visual prognosis of XXXX in the posterior pole treated with primary chemotherapy plus local treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Occupational exposure to @entity16878 is generally monitored through analysis of urine samples. Typically, @entity16878 is separated from the sample and other actinides, and the concentration is determined using alpha spectroscopy. Current methods for separations and analysis are lengthy and require long count times. A new method for monitoring occupational exposure levels of @entity16878 has been developed, which requires fewer steps and overall less time than the alpha spectroscopy method. In this method, the urine is acidified, and a Pu internal standard is added. The urine is digested in a microwave oven, and @entity16878 is separated using an Eichrom TRU Resin column. The @entity16878 is eluted, and the eluant is injected directly into the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP- @entity15 ). Compared to a direct "dilute and shoot" method, a 30-fold improvement in sensitivity is achieved. This method was validated by analyzing several batches of spiked samples. Based on these analyses, a combined standard uncertainty plot, which relates uncertainty to concentration, was produced. The MDA95 was calculated to be 7.0 * 10  g L, and the Lc95 was calculated to be 3.5 * 10  g L for this method.

title: A Rapid Method for Quantification OF 242Pu in Urine Using Extraction Chromatography and ICP- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16878 :: ('MESH:D011005', 'Chemical') :: ['plutonium']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: When insulin treatment is started in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), there are many regimens that control serum @entity413 levels to a normal range. Basal-bolus insulin therapy is one of the most effective treatments for improving glycemic control to prevent the progression of @entity2412 . This study was conducted to determine whether step-up insulin treatment with premixed insulin aspart-30/70 ( @entity14184 ) or lispro-50/50 (Mix50) in Japanese @entity1 with @entity6 could achieve better glycemic control. METHODS: In this open label study, 72 insulin-na  ve @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity6 (HbA1c  >= 8.4%), who had been taking oral antidiabetic drugs for at least 12  months, were randomized to receive @entity14184 or Mix50 therapy. @entity1 started treatment of a pre-dinner injection of each type of insulin (Step 1). At 16      2  weeks, a pre-breakfast injection of each type of insulin was added if @entity4051 c exceeded 7.4% (step 2). If @entity1 had still not achieved HbA1c <7.4% after an additional 16      2  weeks, a pre-lunch insulin injection was added (step 3). @entity2749 were also recorded. RESULTS: The cumulative percentages of subjects who achieved HbA1c  <7.4% were 36.1% (13/36) for both Mix50 and @entity14184 in step 1, 62.9% (23/36) for @entity14184 and 52.8% (19/36) for Mix50 in step 2, and 66.7% (24/36) in @entity14184 and 72.2% (26/36) in Mix50 in step 3. The achievement rates of HbA1c  <7.4% were not statistically different between the two groups. A total of ten hypoglycemic episodes occurred in this study. However, there were no severe hypoglycemic episodes. All cases recovered by taking @entity413 and drinking juice. CONCLUSION: Mix50 step-up treatment has a clinical effect in achieving good glycemic control equal to that of @entity14184 treatment.

title: A Randomized Trial of Step-up Treatment with Premixed Insulin Lispro-50/50 vs. Aspart-70/30 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemic episodes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare various subjective, empiric, and pharmacokinetic methods for interpreting findings at dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dynamic spiral breast MR imaging was performed in 52 @entity1 suspected of having or with known @entity1558 . @entity2287 -enhanced images were obtained at 12 locations through the whole breast every 7.8 seconds for 8.5 minutes after bolus injection of contrast material. Time-signal intensity curves from regions of interest corresponding to 57 pathologically proved lesions were analyzed by means of a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and the diagnostic performance of various parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Findings included invasive @entity189 in 17 @entity1 , isolated @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) in six, and benign lesions in 34. Although some overlap between @entity189 and benign diagnoses was noted for all parameters, receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the exchange rate constant had the greatest overall ability to discriminate benign and @entity5 . The elimination rate constant and washout were the most specific parameters. The exchange rate constant, wash-in, and extrapolation point were the most sensitive parameters. @entity3821 was not consistently distinguished from benign disease with any method. CONCLUSION: Dynamic spiral breast MR imaging proved an excellent method with which to collect contrast enhancement data rapidly enough that accurate comparisons can be made between many analytic methods.

title: XXXX : dynamic spiral MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['Breast disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The concept of immediate or early fixation and soft tissue coverage of @entity4422 is frequently referred to as ' @entity4682 and flap,' and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has had a major impact in this area. This article aims to review concepts and evidence relevant to the use of NPWT in @entity4422 . REVIEW OF OPEN FRACTURE MANAGEMENT: Muscle flaps in @entity4422 do well in part because they improve blood supply to the underlying @entity174 . Outcomes of @entity121 are best when done acutely, before bacterial colonisation. The colonised subacute wound is managed with 'open-wound techniques' until it becomes a chronic localised wound, when flap coverage is again indicated. NPWT provides a useful adjunct in this process as the zone of injury is determined. VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE: REVIEW OF BASIC AND CLINICAL SCIENCE LITERATURE: Proposed mechanisms of action of NPWT include: increased blood flow, decreased @entity4 , cytokine release induced by mechanical stretch and increased @entity880 and @entity26 tension in the tissue with induction of collagen transcription and angiogenesis. VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE IN OPEN FRACTURES: NPWT to @entity4422 caused early appearance of healthy granulation tissue, a reduction in wound area and allowed simpler soft tissue procedures for wound closure. NPWT also improved clinical survival of @entity121 despite occluded flap venous outflow. SUMMARY: The aim in @entity4422 is to stabilize the @entity174 and achieve soft tissue coverage before infection develops. NPWT, applied as a temporizing dressing, simplifies soft tissue coverage on the 'reconstructive ladder.' The only Level-I data on that topic showed a significant @entity281 . However, NPWT does not allow delay in soft tissue coverage. NPWT increases the 'take rate' of skin grafts, skin substitutes and composite skin grafts and allows quicker graft incorporation.

title: XXXX and flap in the era of vacuum suction devices: What do we know in terms of evidence based medicine?

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in infections']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity4682 :: (2158,Gene) :: ['Fix']


abstract: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is compromised in many @entity6220 . Complex astrocyte and vascular endothelial cell interactions that regulate BBB integrity may be disturbed in these disorders. We previously showed that systemic administration of @entity14878 [(S)-(+)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol] induces a transitory glial fibrillary acidic protein-astrocyte loss, reversible loss of tight junction complexes, and BBB integrity disruption. However, the intracellular signaling mechanisms that induce BBB integrity marker loss are unclear. We hypothesize that @entity14878 -induced modulation of tight junction protein expression is mediated through the @entity3115 ( @entity3115 )/ @entity1994 pathway. To test this hypothesis, we used a @entity19 brain endothelial cell line ( @entity14879 ) exposed to @entity14878 for up to 3 days. Results showed early reversible loss of sharp paracellular @entity14880 expression 90, 105, and 120 minutes after @entity14878 (500  M) treatment. Sharp paracellular @entity14880 profiles were later restored, but lost again by 2 and 3 days after @entity14878 treatment. Western blot and immunofluorescence studies showed increased @entity14881 - @entity3115 expression and transitory increased @entity1994 (Thr308) phosphorylation at 15 and 30 minutes after @entity14878 administration. @entity3115 inhibitors @entity2306 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride; 2.5-25  M] and PI-828 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-(4-aminopheny)l-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; 0.1-10  M] prevented the @entity14878 -induced @entity1994 (Thr308) phosphorylation and both early and late loss of paracellular @entity14880 . However, @entity1994 inhibitors only prevented the early changes in @entity14880 expression. This mechanistic study provides a greater understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways mediating tight junction protein expression and supports a hypothesis that two independent pathways triggered by @entity3115 mediate early and late loss of paracellular @entity14880 expression.

title: Biphasic modulation of paracellular @entity14880 expression in XXXX brain endothelial cells is mediated through the @entity3115 / @entity1994 pathway.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disorders']

entities_list: @entity14878 :: ('MESH:D000517', 'Chemical') :: ['3-chloropropanediol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: P2/ @entity15 is a noninvasive marker for detecting @entity1575 in @entity1 with @entity99 . However, the applicability of P2/ @entity15 in @entity1 with @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) has not yet been validated. This study aimed to validate P2/ @entity15 and compare it to other noninvasive @entity82 scoring systems in Korean @entity1 with @entity1561 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who underwent liver biopsy between January 2002 and December 2009 at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea were enrolled in this study. @entity82 stage was determined using the METAVIR scoring system. RESULTS: A total of 235 @entity1 were included in the study: advanced @entity82 (METAVIR F3-F4) was present in 7 @entity1 . No @entity1 was over-staged among 162 @entity1 with a P2/ @entity15 score above the high cut-off (95), resulting in a high negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% (95% confidence interval, 97.1-100). There was no significant difference between the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the FIB-4 (0.964) and the AUROC of the @entity1561 @entity82 score (0.964) or P2/ @entity15 (0.940) for detecting advanced @entity82 . If P2/ @entity15 was implemented in the Korean @entity1 with @entity1561 , 68.9% of liver biopsies might be avoided. CONCLUSIONS: P2/ @entity15 has a high NPV for excluding advanced @entity82 in Korean @entity1 with @entity1561 , and can reduce the burden of liver biopsy in the majority of cases. Since there were few @entity1 with advanced @entity82 , further studies are warranted in a cohort including more @entity1 with advanced @entity82 to validate the low cut-off value.

title: Validation of P2/ XXXX and other noninvasive @entity82 scoring systems in the Korean population with @entity1561 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10063 Background: Previous Asian studies in small scale suggested that @entity2213 efficacy might not be different by genotypes of @entity5 in Asian @entity1 unlike the Western studies. This study was performed to assess the relationship between kinase mutation types of the @entity5 and treatment efficacy of @entity2213 in a large number of Korean @entity1 with metastatic and recurrent @entity674 . METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 370 consecutive @entity1 (pts) with metastatic or recurrent @entity674 treated with first line @entity2213 between Feb. 2003 and Dec. 2007 at 20 institutions in Korea. Genotypes of the @entity5 were determined in 290 pts by direct sequencing of the genomic DNA for @entity2467 exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 and @entity675 exons 12, 14, and 18. RESULTS: A total of 261 (90.0%) of 290 pts had mutations in @entity2467 gene: 222 (76.6%) at exon 11, 35 (12.1%) at exon 9, and each two (0.7%) at exon 13, and 17. 4 pts (1.3%) had mutations in @entity675 gene: 1 at exon 12, 3 at exon 18. 25 pts (8.6%) had no mutation in @entity2467 or @entity675 gene. Among the 235 pts with measurable lesions, there were 16 CRs (6.8%), 126 PRs (53.6%), and 86 SDs (36.6%), making the ORR 60.4%. Pts with @entity2467 exon 9 mutation achieved significantly inferior response rate (11 of 30 pts, 36.7%) compared to those with @entity2467 exon 11 mutation (112 of 176 pts, 63.6%; P=.007). Total 290 pts were assessable for progression-free survival (PFS). With a median follow-up of 42.8 months, pts with @entity2467 exon 11 mutation (median 49.4 months) had significantly longer PFS than those with @entity2467 exon 9 mutation (median 28.7 months, P=.001) or wild-type (median 33.1 months, P=.048). On the multivariate analyses, the genotype of the @entity5 ( @entity2467 exon 9 vs. @entity2467 exon 11: HR=2.427, P=.003) remained independent prognostic factors for PFS as well as performance status (ECOG 2-3 vs. 0-1: HR=2.385, P=.005) and granulocyte counts (>7,500/  L vs. <= 7,500/  L: HR=3.756, P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that @entity2213 efficacy was different by genotype of the @entity677 in Asian @entity1 as well as Western @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity2467 exon 9 mutations had poorer response and inferior PFS at the standard dose of @entity2213 400 mg per day and may benefit more with a higher dose of @entity2213 .

title: @entity2213 efficacy by @entity5 genotype in Asian @entity1 with metastatic or recurrent @entity674 ( XXXX ): A retrospective study of Korean @entity677 Study Group (KGSG).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['GISTs']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Back @entity121 caused by retractor application during posterior spine surgery in @entity35 was examined histologically and histochemically according to the postoperative time with reference to the retraction time-pressure relationship. OBJECTIVES: The results were correlated to provide the risk factors for back @entity121 during posterior spine surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Back muscles were examined histologically and histochemically after application of quantitative pressure and retraction time. No previous study has assessed this relationship. METHODS: Five groups were studied: Group 1, 1-hour low-pressure load group; Group 2, 1-hour high-pressure load group; Group 3, 3-hour low-pressure load group; Group 4, 3-hour high-pressure load group; and sham group. In each group, the multifidus muscle was evaluated 3 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: In all groups except the sham group, @entity3161 was found at a very early postoperative time, but regeneration began at 1 week, and recovery was attained by 6 weeks. The extent of muscle fiber @entity39 and the severity of @entity3161 showed a parallelism with the magnitude of the pressure load and retraction time. As the duration and pressure load increased, the time required for regeneration also increased. The fiber type grouping in group 3 and 4 was consistent with the severity of @entity3161 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity528 and the regeneration was largely dependent on the retraction pressure-time product. These results suggest that denervation @entity121 are likely secondary responses to muscle retraction injury in any case of posterior spine surgery.

title: Back XXXX after posterior lumbar spine surgery. Part 1: Histologic and histochemical analyses in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the neuromuscular junctions', 'degeneration of neuromuscular junctions', 'degeneration of the muscle and neuromuscular junction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury', 'muscle injuries']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['muscular degeneration']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of serum @entity460 , phosphorous and intact @entity461 ( @entity461 ) are associated with morbidity and mortality in haemodialysis @entity1 . Pharmacologic parenteral @entity560 administration is used to correct these abnormalities; however, the relationship between @entity560 therapies and hospitalizations has never been addressed. METHODS: Healthcare data from January 1999 to November 2001 were analysed for 11,443 adult haemodialysis @entity1 who received at least 10 doses of @entity560 therapy. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the effects of @entity560 therapy on: (i) total number of hospitalizations, (ii) total number of hospital days and (iii) risk of first hospitalization after initiation of @entity560 therapy. RESULTS: When compared with the @entity3873 group, the @entity21453 group had a lower risk of first all-cause hospitalization (14% less likely, P<0.0001), fewer hospitalizations per year (0.642 fewer, P<0.001) and fewer hospital days per year (6.84 fewer, P<0.001). In the @entity21453 and @entity3873 groups, respectively, 5.6 and 41.3% @entity1 switched to another @entity560 compound. For those @entity1 who started and remained on the same @entity560 product, @entity21453 -treated @entity1 experienced 0.846 fewer hospitalizations per year and 9.17 fewer hospital days per year, P<0.001 for both. The @entity21453 group also had a lower risk of first @entity461 -related hospitalizations, fewer @entity461 -related annual hospitalizations and fewer days per year. CONCLUSION: @entity21453 -treated @entity1 experienced fewer hospitalizations and hospital days per year when compared with @entity3873 -treated @entity1 . Initiating @entity560 therapy with @entity21453 may result in overall savings of approximately 7600-11,000 US dollars per @entity1 per year. A randomized, controlled, blinded study would be valuable in confirming and understanding these results.

title: XXXX -treated @entity1 experience improved hospitalization outcomes compared with @entity3873 -treated @entity1 in real-world clinical settings.

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity21453 :: ('MESH:C084656', 'Chemical') :: ['Paricalcitol', 'paricalcitol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity21453 :: (MESH:C084656,Chemical) :: ['Paricalcitol']


abstract: AIM: We conducted a survey in 2005 to estimate the prevalence and determinants of @entity227 in a population aged 60 years and above, from the Nizwa Wilayat of Oman. We also correlated them with major @entity174 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vision was tested on Snellen's 'E' chart. @entity1 with vision less than 20/200 were reexamined by an ophthalmologist to find cause of impairment. Hearing was tested by a screening audiometer. Self-reported information on fracture of major bones was confirmed by review of case records. The prevalence, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and number of @entity227 individuals were calculated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Univariate method and parametric tests were used for analysis. RESULTS: We examined 1,639 (80.3%) Omani @entity1 aged 60 years and above. The prevalence of @entity1939 (vision less than 20/200 in the better eye) was 37.4% (95% CI 35.7-39.1). Blindness was significantly higher in females (Odd's Ratio = 2.1) but was similar in urban and rural Nizwa (OR = 0.73). The prevalence of @entity227 (20/60 to 10/200) was 36.0% (95% CI 34.3-37.7). @entity231 was the principal cause in 50% of the blind. The prevalence of @entity726 , @entity5575 , and chronic @entity11738 was 3.1%, 66.8%, and 53.2%, respectively. Among @entity1 , 36.1% had @entity6 . Hearing impairment was noted in 33.5% and profound @entity393 was noted in 3.6% of @entity1 . In the past year, 1.4% of @entity1 had a major @entity174 . CONCLUSION: @entity227 and @entity2194 were common among senior Omani citizens.

title: Prevalence and determinants of @entity1939 , low vision, deafness and major XXXX among elderly Omani population of Nizwa Wilayat (Nizwa elderly population study-2005).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision impairment', 'visual and hearing impairment', 'visually impaired', 'Visual and hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['blinding eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['bone fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Postpartum @entity2333 is one of the many @entity16 seen during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Management of these @entity1 consists of optimal blood pressure control, and general supportive critical care. We present a case of @entity2553 , which improved with intra-arterial @entity3360 . This brief report addresses the utility of interventional management in cases of postpartum @entity2333 . CASE REPORT: A 28-year-old female presented 1 week after cesarean delivery with altered mental status, endotracheal intubation for airway protection, @entity882 , and @entity6805 . Cerebral angiogram revealed anterior and posterior circulation @entity2553 , which responded to repeated selective intra-arterial injections of @entity3360 . This treatment coupled with optimal blood pressure control resulted in complete recovery. DISCUSSION: Our case report highlights the importance of cerebral angiography for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with postpartum @entity2333 . Although @entity3360 is used in @entity1 with @entity510 for the treatment of @entity2553 , this agent has the potential to be used in @entity1 with @entity2553 due to other etiologies. SUMMARY: Intra-arterial @entity3360 is one of the therapeutic measures available to physicians in the management of @entity1 with @entity2553 . In @entity1 with postpartum @entity2333 , early cerebral angiography should be considered to quantify and treat @entity2553 with either angioplasty or selective intra-arterial injections of @entity3360 .

title: Intra-arterial @entity3360 for the treatment of @entity2553 in postpartum XXXX : a case study and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cerebral vasospasm', 'cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['cerebral angiopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study cycle control, side effects, and satisfaction of low dose 24-day combined contraceptive containing 20 microg of @entity2082 and 3 mg of @entity4863 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was an open label, non-comparative study. The healthy females from the family planning clinic at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital were assigned to receive six cycles of combined oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of @entity2082 and 3 mg of @entity4863 administered daily for 24 days followed by 4-day hormone-free interval. Data were collected on cycle control, side effects, and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for descriptive data and Paired t test for comparison. RESULTS: One hundred fifty four @entity1 were assigned the study medication, including one (0.64%) who did not start medication. In the second reference period, the occurrence of frequent and infrequent @entity548 was low (2.1% and 4.9%). Only one @entity1 (0.65%) discontinued medication because of @entity548 . There was no pregnancy reported during the present study. Overall, the study medication was well tolerated and five subjects (3.24%) discontinued study because of side effects. No serious side effects related to the study medication were reported. The majority of @entity1 (84.2%) were satisfied and very satisfied with the treatment and most (73.3%) would continue the medication if it were available. CONCLUSION: The low dose combined contraceptive containing @entity2082 / @entity4863 (24/4 regimen) has acceptable cycle control and good tolerability.

title: A study of cycle control, side effects and client's satisfaction of a low dose combined contraceptive containing XXXX / @entity4863 (24/4 regimen).

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethinylestradiol', 'ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['Drospirenone', 'drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['irregular bleeding', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity439 repair (EVAR) exposes @entity1 to radiation during the procedure and in subsequent follow-up. The study goal was to calculate the radiation dose in our unit and compare it against other published data and national guidelines. METHODS: All EVAR procedures were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Radiation dose, screening time, and volume of intravenous contrast during the procedure were reviewed. Radiation exposure from subsequent computed tomography (CT) imaging was included in the overall exposure. Results are expressed as mean +/- standard deviation. RESULTS: From October 1998 to October 2008, 320 elective @entity1 underwent EVAR. Mean screening time was 29.4 +/- 23.3 minutes, and the radiation dose was 11.7 +/- 7.1 @entity2073 . The EVAR was an emergency in 64 @entity1 . The mean screening time was 22.9 +/- 18.2 minutes, and the radiation dose was 13.4 +/- 8.6 @entity2073 . During the first postoperative year, follow-up CT scans exposed the @entity1 to 24.0 @entity2073 , with 8.0 @entity2073 in subsequent years. Abdominal radiographs added an additional 1.8 @entity2073 each year. CONCLUSION: EVAR and the follow-up investigations involve substantial amounts of radiation, with well-recognized carcinogenic risks. Because @entity1 safety is paramount, radiation exposure should be minimized. This may be possible by standardizing radiation exposure throughout the United Kingdom by implementing national guidelines and considering other imaging modalities for follow-up.

title: The impact of radiation dose exposure during @entity439 repair on XXXX safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Endovascular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Nauclea latifolia Smith is used traditionally in the treatment of uncomplicated @entity311 and @entity158 among its several other applications. The objective of this study is to investigate the pharmacological activities of the plant relevant to the symptomatic treatment of @entity158 as an initial step towards developing an effective therapy for the symptomatic management of @entity221 and relief of other @entity158 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various concentrations of the aqueous extract of the root bark of this plant were evaluated for its anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities in @entity19 and @entity35 . Investigation of the anti-nociceptive activities was performed using the @entity1543 -induced abdominal constriction and hot-plate tests in @entity19 and @entity406 -induced @entity158 test in @entity35 , as models of @entity10237 . The extract was also investigated for its effect against @entity32 induced by egg-albumin and @entity221 induced by @entity375 in @entity35 . RESULTS: Our data showed that the aqueous extract of Nauclea latifolia root bark (50-200mg/kg p.o.) significantly (P<0.05) attenuated writhing episodes induced by @entity1543 and increased the threshold for @entity158 perception in the hot-plate test in @entity19 , dose-dependently. The product also remarkably decreased both the acute and delayed phases of @entity406 -induced @entity158 in @entity35 and also caused a significant reduction in both @entity375 -induced @entity221 and egg-albumin-induced @entity4 in @entity35 . These effects were produced in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the presence of biologically active principles in the extract with anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities that justifies its use in @entity311 ethnopharmacy and subsequent development for clinical application.

title: Pharmacological evidence favouring the use of Nauclea latifolia in @entity311 ethnopharmacy: effects against @entity10237 , XXXX , and @entity221 in @entity35 and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity10237 :: ('MESH:D059226', 'Disease') :: ['nociception']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'malaria fever and other painful conditions', 'painful conditions']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['malaria fever', 'pyrexia']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: One hundred five unselected and consecutive @entity1 were prospectively studies after acute transmural @entity583 to assess the incidence of @entity715 formation and to relate the presence of @entity715 to @entity1 outcome in terms of systemic @entity887 , functional class and survival. In 87 @entity1 , optimal quality two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were obtained and were repeated at daily intervals to detect @entity715 formation. The site of @entity1188 was anterior in 53 @entity1 and inferior in 34. On admission, all @entity1 received subcutaneous heparin and antiplatelet agents ( @entity117 , @entity4341 ); none received full anticoagulant therapy. @entity1002 was visualized between 2 and 11 days (median 6) after the clinical onset of @entity1188 in 21 (40%) of the 53 @entity1 with anterior @entity1188 . No @entity1 with @entity1188 had echocardiographic evidence of @entity715 formation. During follow-up of 22 to 51 months (mean 39), none of the 21 @entity1 with @entity715 had clinical evidence of systemic @entity887 . One @entity1 with inferior and one with anterior @entity1188 had a @entity999 days and 9 months, respectively, after the acute event, but neither of these @entity1 had echocardiographic evidence of @entity1002 at any stage. Echocardiography performed at 1 and 2 years of follow-up showed persistent evidence of @entity715 in only 8 (31%) and 5 (24%) of the 21 @entity1 , respectively. On admission, the functional class of @entity1 with @entity583 and @entity715 was similar to that of @entity1 without @entity67 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The natural history of @entity1002 in XXXX : a rationale in support of masterly inactivity.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolus 7']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['inferior infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular thrombus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['mural thrombus', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular mural thrombus', 'left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: We investigated whether similar increments in venous plasma @entity1063 (NE) concentration caused by exercise and by intravenous NE infusion will elevate plasma @entity17402 (NES) to similar concentrations. In randomized order venous plasma NE concentration was elevated to similar concentrations by bicycle exercise (BE; 65% VO(2)max) and by intravenous NE infusion at rest ( @entity17403 ; 0.14 microg/min/kg). N = 11 subjects participated in the study. Increments in plasma NE and the area under curve of plasma NE were similar during BE (11.2 +/- 1.3 nM; 411 +/- 23 nM/min; means +/- S.E.) and @entity17403 (12.6 +/- 1.9 nM; 429 +/- 27 nM/min). Plasma NES was significantly elevated to similar concentrations with BE (from 5.7 +/- 1.0 to 8.5 +/- 1.3 nM) and with @entity17403 (from 5.6 +/- 0.9 to 8.9 +/- 1.0 nM). Plasma NE and NES concentration during control conditions remained unchanged. Heart rate decreased significantly to 43 +/- 1 beats/min with @entity17403 and increased significantly to 162 +/- 3 beats/min with BE. Systolic blood pressure increased with both, @entity17403 , respectively). Present findings firstly show that intravenously infused NE is sulfoconjugated in @entity1 , indicating that a major part of NE is sulfoconjugated in blood or at sites easily accessible from blood. Secondly, plasma NE may be a useful additional marker for NES release.

title: Effect of differently induced plasma XXXX increments on @entity17402 formation.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity17402 :: ('MESH:C017574', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine sulfate']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of @entity8728 for the prevention of @entity2704 . An open label study was performed in a specialized outpatient clinic. @entity1 received 400 mg @entity8728 capsules per day. @entity10 frequency, duration, intensity and the use of abortive drugs were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months after treatment. @entity10 frequency was significantly reduced from 4 days/month at baseline to 2 days/month after 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05). The use of abortive drugs decreased from 7 units/month to 4.5 units/month after 3 and 6 months of treatment (P < 0.05). In contrast, @entity10 hours and @entity10 intensity did not change significantly. We could demonstrate a significant reduction of @entity10 frequency following @entity8728 treatment. In addition, the number of abortive anti- @entity2704 tablets was reduced. In line with previous studies our findings show that @entity8728 is a safe and well-tolerated alternative in @entity2704 prophylaxis.

title: High-dose XXXX treatment is efficacious in @entity2704 prophylaxis: an open study in a tertiary care centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

answer: @entity8728 :: (MESH:D012256,Chemical) :: ['riboflavin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity167 -induced bronchoconstriction is due to high blood concentrations of @entity3094 , a metabolic product of @entity1068 , which lead to the release of @entity112 from basophils and mast cells. OBJECTIVE: We examined the inhibitory effects of @entity24174 , which inhibits @entity112 release and blocks H1 receptors, in @entity167 -induced @entity565 . METHODS: Subjects were 13 Japanese @entity748 @entity1 . We measured the change in FEV1 after ingestion of 30 g of pure @entity1068 . Blood @entity1068 , @entity3094 , @entity112 , @entity4352 C4 (LTC4), and @entity7489 (TXB2) concentrations were also measured. @entity167 challenge test was repeated in responders after administration of @entity24174 for 1 week at 4 mg/day. RESULTS: Of 13 @entity748 @entity1 , five (38.5%) tested positive during an @entity1068 challenge test, represented by a fall more than 20% in FEV1. The responders had a high blood @entity1068 , and showed a rise in blood @entity3094 and @entity112 concentrations, but not in LTC4 or TXB2. After @entity24174 treatment, there was no significant fall in FEV1 among responders. Neither the rise in blood @entity1068 nor blood @entity3094 levels were blunted by treatment with @entity24174 , but the rise in blood @entity112 was blunted by this treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that antihistamine agents may be effective against @entity167 -induced @entity565 by both blocking H1 receptors and inhibiting @entity112 release.

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity24174 in XXXX -induced @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity24174 :: ('MESH:C020976', 'Chemical') :: ['azelastine hydrochloride', 'azelastine']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']