abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 centers are increasingly tasked with evaluating @entity1 who have sustained low-acuity mechanisms of injury, such as @entity998 ( @entity998 ). Previous studies have shown that low-level falls are associated with a high incidence of injury in certain @entity1 groups. The purpose of the current study was to assess risk factors associated with @entity1545 and @entity204 after fall from the standing position only. MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis was performed on all @entity1 who presented with @entity998 as the mechanism of injury from 2000 to 2005. Demographic variables, past medical history, use of @entity1229 , blood- @entity167 level, initial vital signs, @entity130 , disposition, and mortality outcome were recorded. Data were analyzed to determine risk factors associated with @entity1545 , need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for emergency operation, and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 808 @entity1 were identified. Risk factors associated with @entity1545 , the need for ICU admission, and @entity204 included: Injury Severity Score, age >or=60 years, blood- @entity167 level greater than 80 mg/dL, @entity1229 use, systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg, and Glasgow @entity772 Scale <or=12. These risk factors had an additive effect for propensity for @entity1545 , ICU admission, and @entity204 . Increasing Injury Severity Score and use of @entity1229 had an independent association with mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity998 is a potentially morbid mechanism of injury in those who are using @entity1229 , those with Glasgow @entity772 Scale score <or=12, and those who are not inebriated. Age more than 60 years is an additive, but not independent, risk factor for injury.

title: Factors associated with mortality and XXXX after falls from the standing position.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['FFS', 'fall from standing']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of @entity320 and treatments available. @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of @entity1 with primary @entity320 operated from 2000 to 2010 at Gustave-Roussy Institute. RESULTS: Six @entity1 had surgery for a @entity320 out of 37 @entity1 operated for @entity5 in our institute in the same period (13.6%). Median age was 53.5 years [48-66]. The @entity320 presented as a macroscopically visible @entity5 in all case. Median @entity5 size was 5.4cm [1.5-15]. Five of the six @entity1 had a @entity419 positron-emission tomography combined with integrated computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) before surgery. Initial management included two conservative treatments and four colpectomy with one anterior exenteration. Two sigmoidcolpoplasties were performed. Lymph node @entity3 were found in only one @entity1 . Median progression free survival was 10.5 months [4-51]. All @entity1 have relapsed, three of them in the 6 months following surgery. Recurrences were local in three @entity1 and distant in three @entity1 . Local recurrences were surgically treated. In one case, electrochemotherapy was performed. One @entity1 with @entity66 underwent a pelvic isolated perfusion. One @entity1 had a KIT mutation. Two @entity1 died at 12 and 83 months. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: @entity320 had a poor prognosis. The 5-year overall survival is under 20% from literature data. Local and/or distant recurrences are frequent and new local and adjuvant treatments are currently evaluated.

title: [ XXXX : pejorative location].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F] fluoro-deoxy-glucose']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancer', 'nodular tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Vaginal melanoma', 'vaginal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma of the vagina']


abstract: Cultures of @entity796 were grown at different rates in a chemostat and challenged continuously or intermittently with @entity5505 , @entity2892 , @entity2889 or @entity3400 . The killing rate was related to the bacterial growth rate; fast-growing cells being killed more rapidly than slow-growing ones. Mutants that were stably derepressed (i.e. constitutive) for chromosomal @entity32168 expression were selected when a @entity32168 inducible (i.e. typical) strain was challenged with @entity5505 or @entity3400 . Addition of the @entity32168 inhibitor @entity7120 to @entity3400 did not prevent selection. There was a lag of c. 24-48 h post-challenge before totally derepressed mutants were detectable. Once selected, the derepressed organisms were stable and were not outgrown by inducible cells if these were readded in the absence of selective antibiotics. Selection of resistant mutants was not observed with @entity2892 , despite the known tendency of this drug to select @entity2893 -impermeable mutants of @entity796 in vivo. @entity2892 , but not @entity5505 or @entity2889 , caused a significant post-antibiotic effect after single or repeated dosage.

title: Response of chemostat cultures of XXXX to carbapenems and other beta-lactams.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem', 'imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the direct healthcare costs associated with the onset of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), @entity1229 utilization and the occurrence of cerebrovascular events in a commercially-insured population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective, observational cohort study utilized medical and pharmacy claims from a large, geographically diverse managed-care organization (N = 18.5 million) to identify continuously benefit-eligible @entity955 @entity1 > or =45 years of age without prior @entity340 or @entity1229 use between January 1, 2001 and June 1, 2002. All @entity1 were followed at least 6 months, until plan termination or the end of study follow-up. @entity64 risk was assessed using the CHADS(2) ( @entity64 -risk) index; @entity1229 use was defined as having filled at least one pharmacy claim. Inpatient and outpatient cost benchmarks were utilized to estimate total direct healthcare costs (pre- and post-AF index claim). For @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ), @entity385 ( @entity385 ) and @entity548 ( @entity548 ) total direct healthcare costs were also assessed. The limitations of this study included a descriptive retrospective study design without a comparison group or adjustment for baseline disease severity and drug exposure, as well as, the reliance upon administrative claims data and use of a standardized reference costing methodology. RESULTS: The pre- and post-AF onset total direct healthcare costs (pmpm) for 3891 incidence @entity955 @entity1 were  412 and  1235, respectively, a 200% increase. Of the 448 (12%) @entity1 with a cerebrovascular event, pmpm costs post-AF ranged from  2235 to  3135 correlating with CHADS(2) @entity64 -risk status and exposure to @entity1229 . Total cohort pmpm costs pre and post event increased 24% from  3446.91 to  4262.12. Approximately 20% of all events occurred <2 days and 46% within 1 month after the index AF claim. Any @entity1229 exposure, regardless of CHADS(2) risk had an 18% to 29 % decrease in pmpm costs. CONCLUSIONS: Post-AF total direct healthcare costs were 3 times greater than pre-AF costs. For those with a @entity63 , @entity385 or @entity548 , post-AF total direct healthcare costs increased 4.5 times from pre-AF costs; overall post-event costs in this cohort increased approximately 25% over pre-event costs. Nearly half of the events occurred within 1 month of a claim associated with an AF diagnosis. @entity1229 exposure appeared to be associated with lower pmpm costs in this population.

title: Retrospective study of total healthcare costs associated with @entity955 and the occurrence of a first transient @entity63 , XXXX or @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['MB', 'major bleed']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['TIA', 'transient ischemic attacks']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation', 'CNVAF']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'IS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work is to explore the possibility of using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to deliver the boost dose to the @entity5 bed simultaneously with the whole-breast IMRT to reduce the radiation treatment time by 1-2 weeks. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The biologically effective dose (BED) for different treatments was calculated using the linear-quadratic (LQ) model with parameters previously derived for @entity0 from clinical data (alpha/beta = 10Gy, alpha = 0.3Gy(-1)). A potential doubling time of 15 days (from in vitro measurements) for @entity0 and a generic alpha/beta ratio of 3 Gy for normal tissues were used. A series of regimens that use IMRT as initial treatment and an IMRT simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) were derived using biologic equivalence to conventional schedules. Possible treatment plans with IMRT SIB to the @entity5 bed were generated for 2 selected breast @entity1 , 1 with a @entity5 and 1 with a @entity5 . Plans with a simultaneous integrated electron boost were also generated for comparison. Dosimetric merits of these plans were evaluated based on dose volume histograms. RESULTS: A commonly used conventional treatment of 45 Gy (1.8 Gy x 25) to the whole breast and then a boost of 20 Gy (2 Gy x 10) is biologically equivalent to an alternative plan of 1.8 Gy x 25 to the whole breast with a 2.4 Gy x 25 SIB to the @entity5 bed. The new regime reduces treatment time from 7 to 5 weeks. For the @entity1 with a @entity5 , the IMRT plans reduce the volume of the breast that receives high doses (compared with the conventional photon boost plan) and provides good coverage of the target volumes. CONCLUSION: It is biologically and dosimetrically feasible to reduce the overall treatment time for breast radiotherapy by using an IMRT simultaneous integrated boost. For selected @entity1 groups, IMRT plans with a new regimen can be equal to or better than conventional plans.

title: Simultaneous integrated boost for XXXX using IMRT: a radiobiological and treatment planning study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'shallow tumor', 'deep-seated tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central venous catheters are important in the management of paediatric intensive care unit @entity1 , but can have serious complications which worsen the @entity1 ' health, prolong hospital stays and increase the cost of care. Evidence-based recommendations for preventing @entity1212 are available, but it is unknown how widely these are known or practiced in the paediatric intensive care environment. OBJECTIVES: To assess nursing knowledge of evidence based guidelines to prevent @entity1212 ; the extent to which Australia and New Zealand paediatric intensive cares have adopted prevention practices; and to identify the factors that encouraged their adoption and improve nursing knowledge. DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys using convenience sampling. SETTINGS: Tertiary level paediatric intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand. @entity1 : Paediatric intensive care nursing staff and nurse managers. METHODS: Between 2010 and 2011, the 'Paediatric Intensive Care Nurses' Knowledge of Evidence-Based Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Prevention Questionnaire' was distributed to paediatric intensive care nursing staff and the 'Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Prevention Practices Survey' was distributed to nurse managers to measure knowledge, practices and culture. RESULTS: The questionnaires were completed by 253 paediatric intensive care nurses (response rate: 34%). The mean total knowledge score was 5.5 (SD=1.4) out of a possible ten, with significant variation of total scores between paediatric intensive care sites (p=0.01). Other demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with variation in total knowledge scores. All nursing managers from Australian and New Zealand paediatric intensive care units participated in the survey (n=8; response rate: 100%). Wide practice variation was reported, with inconsistent adherence to recommendations. Safety culture was not significantly associated with mean knowledge scores per site. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified that there is variation in the infection prevention approach and nurses' knowledge about catheter-related bloodstream infection prevention. The presence of an improved safety culture, years of paediatric intensive care experience and higher qualifications did not influence the nurses' uptake of recommendations, therefore further factors need to be explored in order to improve understanding and implementation of best practice.

title: Prevention of central XXXX : a survey of paediatric ICU nurses' knowledge and practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related bloodstream infections']

answer: @entity1212 :: (MESH:D055499,Disease) :: ['venous catheter infections']


abstract: Cultures of isolated testicular cells are widely used for evaluating mechanisms of action of direct-acting testicular toxicants. However, for testicular cells, the expression of @entity137 in vitro is frequently different from that found in vivo. @entity17884 (ME) produces @entity75 in @entity35 which are characterized by pachytene spermatocyte degeneration 24 hr after dosing. As part of a study to evaluate mechanisms of male germ cell toxicants, we compared the morphological aspects of spermatocyte @entity137 after in vivo exposure to ME with those found in various testicular cell culture systems after in vitro exposure to the active ME metabolite, @entity25786 ( @entity11596 ). Immature @entity35 were used because they respond to in vivo ME treatment in the same way as adults, but their testes are relatively enriched in pachytene spermatocytes. 24-day-old @entity35 were given a single dose of 250 mg ME/kg body weight by gavage and the testes were evaluated 24 hr after dosing. In vitro, cultured seminiferous tubules, Sertoli-germ cell co-cultures, and enriched mixed germ cells, all prepared from 24-day-old @entity35 , were evaluated after 24-hr in vitro exposure to 5 mm @entity11596 (a level of @entity11596 found after ME exposure in vivo). Testes from ME-exposed @entity35 showed the expected pachytene spermatocyte degeneration 24 hr after dosing. Similar changes were observed in cultured seminiferous tubules after 24 hr of exposure to @entity11596 in vitro. However, without the intact seminiferous tubule structure in vitro, the expression of @entity11596 spermatocyte @entity137 was different. In conventional Sertoli-germ cell co-cultures, spermatocyte detachment from the Sertoli cell monolayer occurred as expected, although no significant morphological degeneration was observed in these detached germ cells. Similarly, no increase in degenerating spermatocytes was noted in isolated enriched mixed germ cells after in vitro @entity11596 exposure. Instead, @entity137 in these germ cell fractions was expressed only by increased uptake of @entity3460 dye, revealing an increase in plasma membrane permeability. In summary, this in vivo/in vitro comparison of the spermatocyte @entity137 of ME/ @entity11596 showed that the expression of @entity137 is different in the different culture architectures and that an intact seminiferous tubule structure is required for full expression of the morphological degeneration produced by ME/ @entity11596 , and suggests the usefulness of culture seminiferous tubules in future mechanistic studies.

title: Spermatocyte @entity137 of XXXX in vivo and in vitro: Requirement for an intact seminiferous tubule structure for germ cell degeneration.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['testicular lesions']

entities_list: @entity25786 :: ('MESH:C013598', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methoxyacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity17884 :: ('MESH:C005219', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Methoxyethanol']

answer: @entity17884 :: (MESH:C005219,Chemical) :: ['2-methoxyethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) score is a useful prognostic indicator in @entity2 . However, in many cases, the @entity5 may exfoliate itself into the @entity1143 and may progress to a @entity3483 without invading the parietal pleura. This stage is not currently evaluated, but it is detectable by means of the pleural lavage cytology (PLC). However, PLC's contribution to TNM staging has not yet been clarified. The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate the usefulness of PLC in the precise staging of @entity1 with such an occult @entity1143 . METHODS: A total of 3231 @entity1 who were included in a multi-institutional database were studied retrospectively. PLC was performed by washing the thoracic cavity with a small amount of physiological saline immediately after opening the thoracic cavity during @entity2 surgery. RESULTS: The incidence of positive PLC findings was 4.58%. In comparison with the negative group, the survival curves were significantly worse (P < 0.001) and the incidence of recurrence with @entity5641 was significantly higher (P < 0.001). According to the subset analysis, the survival difference was prominent in earlier stage groups and lower @entity3 score groups. The positive findings were confirmed to be a significantly poor prognostic indicator (P = 0.016) by multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model (Cox analysis). However, integration of the positive findings with the @entity3 score was attempted for the convenience of TNM staging. To find the accurate @entity3 score for positive PLC findings, the Cox analysis was re-estimated using the @entity3 score upgraded stepwise. The most reliable model with the highest score for the likelihood ratio   (2) statistic was obtained by scoring positive findings as PL3. So, it was considered to be the most reliable conversion. CONCLUSIONS: Examining PLC in clinical practice is useful for detecting occult @entity1143 before the appearance of a @entity3483 . Evidence of positive findings should be treated as supplemental information to the precise diagnosis of TNM staging. Scoring positive PLC findings as PL3 (=T3) was appropriate.

title: The value of pleural lavage cytology examined during surgery for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural dissemination', 'pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis carcinomatosa']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['PL', 'pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: In India, the farm @entity1 are not only involved in household activities but also contribute in various farm operations, animal husbandry. The objective was to assess nutritional profile of the farmwomen and their occupational health problems, to compare the physiological workload in lean and peak seasons and to find out relationship between physiological workload and nutritional intake. The study was conducted on a sample of 90 farmwomen. Energy Intake was calculated using physiological fuel values of @entity1735 , fat and protein. Energy Expenditure Rate (EER), Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) and Energy Balance were calculated. The physiological workload was assessed using sub-maximal workload technique. The results revealed that all the respondents of all categories were, more or less, performing all the agriculture, allied and household activities. In all the agriculture activities physiological hazards such as body @entity158 and @entity1295 were dominant. Dietary, nutritional and energy intake was lower for heavy workers, from all landholding and BMI categories. HR and OCR were in linear relationship in all BMI categories. Physical work capacity increased with good nutritional status and decreased with age. Regression equations were suggested for calculating @entity26 consumption (y) at their known heart rate (x) during various agriculture operations.

title: Assessment of energy balance of Indian farm XXXX in relation to their nutritional profile in lean and peak agricultural seasons.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Intergroup @entity17082 Study (IES) (ISRCTN11883920) demonstrated improved survival for postmenopausal @entity1 with ER-positive/unknown primary @entity0 who switched to @entity17082 after 2-3 years @entity440 , compared with those continuing on @entity440 to complete 5 years therapy. This was achieved without detriment to on-treatment quality-of-life (QoL). We report on- and post-treatment QoL impact in IES. METHODS: A total of 582 @entity1 from 8 countries participated in the QoL substudy. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) and endocrine symptom subscale (ES) were completed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 60 months. The primary endpoint was FACT-B Trial Outcome Index (TOI); secondary endpoints included severity of individual endocrine symptoms. RESULTS: Both the groups showed gradual improvement in overall QoL and lessening of total endocrine symptoms post treatment compared with baseline (P<0.002). There was no evidence of any between-group differences in TOI. Vasomotor complaints remained high on treatment. Vaginal discharge was more frequent (P<0.01) with @entity440 up to 24 months from baseline. In both the groups, post-treatment libido did not recover to baseline levels. CONCLUSION: Clinical benefits of switching to @entity17082 are accompanied by good overall QoL. Although some symptoms persist, the majority of endocrine symptoms improve after treatment completion.

title: Long-term assessment of quality of life in the Intergroup XXXX Study: 5 years post-randomisation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['Exemestane', 'exemestane']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity17082 :: (MESH:C056516,Chemical) :: ['Exemestane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe our results using augmented temporal superior rectus transposition (SRT) with adjustable medial rectus muscle recession (MRc) for treatment of @entity2341 and @entity2896 . METHODS: Retrospective surgical case review of @entity1 undergoing SRT. Preoperative and postoperative orthoptic measurements were recorded. Minimum follow-up was 6 weeks. Main outcome measures included the angle of @entity5971 in the primary position and the angle of head turn. Secondary outcomes included duction limitation, stereopsis, and new vertical deviations. RESULTS: The review identified 17 @entity1 : 10 with @entity2896 . Combining SRT with MRc improved @entity5971 from 44 to 10 prism diopters (P  <  .001), reduced abduction limitation from -4.3 to -2.7 (P  <  .001), and improved compensatory head posture from 28   to 4   (P  <  .001). Stereopsis was recovered in 8 @entity1 (P  =  .03). Three @entity1 required a reoperation: 1 for overcorrection and 2 for undercorrection. A new primary position vertical deviation was observed in 2 @entity1 with @entity2896 and none with @entity2341 . No @entity1 described torsional @entity892 . CONCLUSIONS: Superior rectus transposition allows for the option of simultaneous MRc in @entity1 with severe abduction imitation who require transposition surgery. Combining SRT and MRc improved @entity5971 , head position, abduction limitation, and stereopsis without inducing torsional @entity892 .

title: Superior rectus transposition and medial rectus recession for @entity2341 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2341 :: ('MESH:D004370', 'Disease') :: ['Duane syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['Duane syndrome and 7 with sixth nerve palsy', 'complex sixth nerve palsy', 'sixth nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity2896 :: (MESH:D020434,Disease) :: ['sixth nerve palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the proliferation of @entity27774 tachyzoites in @entity1 foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells and HeLa cells. METHODS: HFF cells and HeLa cells were cultured in 35 mm cell culture dishes with glass cover slip. Confluent cells were co-cultured with tachyzoites which purified by 3 microm filter membrane. At 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h after co-culture, the invasion of tachyzoites into the cells and proliferation in cells were observed with Giemsa staining. RESULTS: In 4 h after co-culture, there were dozens of @entity3204 tachyzoites in the HFF cells. At 24 h many @entity9007 emerged. At 72 h most of the cells were destroyed by tachyzoites. While cultured in HeLa cells for 8 h, there were only 3-5 tachyzoites in one cell, and @entity9007 emerged at 48 h. At 96 h after co-culture, most cells were destroyed. CONCLUSION: @entity3204 tachyzoites can be cultured in HFF cells and HeLa cells. The proliferation of tachyzoites in HFF cells was quicker than that in HeLa cells.

title: [In vitro culture of XXXX tachyzoites in HFF and HeLa cells].

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity27774 :: ('383379', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii RH strain']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity479 Resistant @entity1985 (SRNS) is an uphill task for paediatric nephrologists as immunosuppressive agents are the mainstay of treatment in these @entity1 . @entity1140 is used along with @entity230 . This study is conducted to see the relationship between the @entity1140 dose, drug level and response in the management of SRNS. METHODS: This quasi experimental study was conducted at The @entity1 's Hospital Lahore over a period of one year. @entity1 with SRNS of either sex and 1-10 years of age were included and those with secondary @entity1985 were excluded. @entity1140 was given at a dose of 0.05-0.1 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses along with @entity230 . The follow-up was done for six months with @entity644 monitoring and @entity1140 drug levels done two weeks after initiation of treatment. RESULTS: Out of 42 @entity1 , 27 (64.3%) were males and 15 (35.7%) were females. The most common histological diagnosis observed was mesangio-proliferative @entity631 in 30 (71.4%) @entity1 . The @entity1140 trough level range was 0.5-15.20 ng/ml with a mean value of 4.68 ng/ml    2.85. Forty-one (97.6%) @entity1 showed complete response to treatment while one @entity1 showed partial response. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that @entity1140 is an effective drug for treatment of SRNS in paediatric @entity1 and there is no linear relationship between the drug dose, response and drug level.

title: XXXX DRUG LEVEL AND RESPONSE TO TREATMENT IN IDIOPATHIC CHILDHOOD STEROID RESISTANT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic Syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['TACROLIMUS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A multiplicity of government initiatives advocate increasing shared working between services to ensure that holistic and co-ordinated assessment of need and related shared intervention is available to @entity1 and families. Concurrently, there is an increasing demand upon services to provide a wide range of support for @entity1 with complex difficulties. METHODS: On the Isle of Wight, joint services have been developing shared practice. The inter-agency service was initiated in 2001 through a 3-year project funded jointly between all services on the Island and the government through the 'Invest to Save' initiative. The project initially focused upon developing a combined process of diagnosis of @entity2438 ( @entity2438 ) and the co-ordination of intervention at schools, within families and in the @entity1 's community. Gradually, the service extended to include @entity1 with a much wider range of difficulties, including those of @entity71 ( @entity71 ), @entity245 and co-morbid diagnoses. RESULTS: There are 19 000 school-aged @entity1 on the Isle of Wight. A total of 1101 referrals have been accepted between June 2001 and May 2007. In total, 201 @entity1 have been given a diagnosis of @entity2438 . Overall, 392 @entity1 have been given a diagnosis of @entity71 or @entity71 /Co-morbid. Seventy were co-morbid for @entity2438 and @entity71 . The current service is rated as 85% satisfactory by its users, in contrast to the high level of complaint which resulted in the bid for the project initially. CONCLUSION: Following the successful conclusion of the 3-year government-funded project Education Services, Social Care and The Health Authority shared the ongoing funding of the current service. This has been operating effectively for over 6 years and has highlighted a wide variety of issues around this style of service delivery.

title: An interagency service delivery model for @entity2438 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic spectrum disorders', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental co-ordination disorder']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the adhesiveness of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells from @entity35 BMSCs. METHODS: The BMSCs were isolated from 4-week-old SD co-cultured on allogeneic freeze-dried partially bone in vitro. @entity35 (weighing 100-110 g) and cultured in vitro. The third generation of BMSCs were induced into osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells. The osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells after being induced for 7 days in a ratio of 1 to 1 were directly co-cultured (experimental group), while the second generation of uninduced BMSCs was used as a control (control group). The growth and proliferation ability were analyzed by @entity98 examination and the growth curve was drawn at 1-8 days. The osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells after being induced for 14 days were implanted in the allogeneic freeze-dried partially bone coated by 20% Col I or not at different densities (0.25 x 10(6)/mL, 0.50 x 10(6)/mL, 1.00 x 10(6)/mL, 2.00 x 10(6)/mL, 4.00 x 10(6)/mL), as modified group and unmodified group, the cell adherence rate was calculated after 24 hours. These two kinds of cells were implanted in the pre-disposal treated allogeneic freeze-dried partially bone and observed by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: ALP staining of osteoblasts showed that there were blue grains in cytoplasm at 7 days. @entity18518 and @entity6098 immunocytochemical staining of vascular endothelial cell showed that there were positive signals in the cytoplasm at 14 days. The @entity98 test showed that the proliferation level of the experimental group was lower than those of the control group. There were significant differences in absorbance value between two group from 3 days to 8 days (P < 0.05). The cell adherence rate increased with increasing seeding density when the seeding density was (0.25-1.00) x 10(6)/mL. The cell adherence rate reached the peak when the seeding density was 1.00 x 10(6)/mL. The cell adherence rate decreased when the seeding density was more than 2.00 x 106/mL. There were significant differences in cell adherence rate between modified group and unmodified group at different seeding densities (P < 0.05). The proliferation of the osteoblasts and endothelial cells presented better growth and histocompatibility under scanning electron microscope. CONCLUSION: The growing behavior of two kinds of cells is good in the allogeneic freeze-dried partially bone coated by 20% Col I, which can be used in reconstruction of vascularized tissue engineered bone.

title: [Experimental study on adhesiveness of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells from XXXX BMSCs co-cultured on allogeneic freeze-dried partially bone in vitro].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate treatment results after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), with a special focus on the influence of @entity4831 on calculation of @entity5 @entity39 according to EASL criteria. A total of 115 nodules in 20 @entity1 (17 males, 3 females; 69.5 +/- 9.35 years) with biopsy-proven @entity157 were treated with TACE. Embolization was performed using a @entity632 - @entity4831 emulsion (group I) or DC Beads loaded with @entity632 (group II). Follow-up included triphasic contrast-enhanced 64-row MDCT (collimation, 0.625 mm; slice, 3 mm; contrast bolus, 120 ml @entity23280 ; delay by bolus trigger) and contrast-enhanced MRI (T1 native, T2 native; five dynamic contrast-enhanced phases; 0.1 mmol/kg body weight @entity2287 - @entity12306 ; slice thickness, 4 mm). @entity41 and the extent of @entity5 @entity39 were evaluated according to EASL. Contrast enhancement within @entity5 lesions was suspected to represent @entity5 . In the @entity4831 -based TACE protocol, MDCT underestimated residual viable @entity5 compared to MRI, due to @entity4831 artifacts (23.2% vs 47.7% after first, 11.9% vs 31.2% after second, and 11.4% vs 23.7% after third TACE; p = 0.0014, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). In contrast to MDCT, MRI was completely free of any artifacts caused by @entity4831 . In the DC Bead-based @entity4831 -free TACE protocol, MRI and CT showed similar @entity41 and rating of treatment results (46.4% vs 41.2%, 31.9 vs 26.8%, and 26.0% vs 25.6%; n.s.). In conclusion, MRI is superior to MDCT for detection of viable @entity5 residuals after @entity4831 -based TACE. Since viable @entity5 tissue is superimposed by @entity4831 artifacts in MDCT, MRI is mandatory for reliable decision-making during follow-up after @entity4831 -based TACE protocols.

title: MDCT versus MRI assessment of @entity5 response after transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vital tumor']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Clinical and biochemical findings in a male subject with progressive @entity75 and @entity1897 are presented. Early development was normal. At age 3.5 years, he had @entity410 associated with @entity221 . Subsequently, there was progressive @entity16 . A CT brain scan at age 4 years, 2 months demonstrated multiple areas of variable density in the white matter. There was mild slowing of nerve conduction velocities and a sural nerve biopsy revealed @entity17 . @entity8431 was suspected, but @entity22177 activity in leukocytes and fibroblasts was in the normal range. The @entity29725 loading test on intact cultured fibroblasts showed attenuated hydrolysis leading to a tentative diagnosis of @entity629 sulfatase activator deficiency. However, the attenuated response of proband fibroblasts was not normalized by supplementation with activator in a reproducible manner, and urine showed hyperexcretion rather than deficiency of activator. Ultimately, an assay for @entity15226 beta-galactosidase activity established a deficiency of this enzyme leading to the diagnosis of late-onset @entity15224 .

title: Late-onset XXXX initially diagnosed as @entity629 sulfatase activator deficiency.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['segmental demyelinative neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity15224 :: ('MESH:D007965', 'Disease') :: ['Krabbe disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity29725 :: ('MESH:C083015', 'Chemical') :: ['cerebroside sulfate']

entities_list: @entity22177 :: ('410', 'Gene') :: ['arylsulfatase A']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['Metachromatic leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity629 :: ('CHEBI:23079', 'Chemical') :: ['cerebroside']

entities_list: @entity15226 :: ('CHEBI:36498', 'Chemical') :: ['galactosylceramide']

answer: @entity15224 :: (MESH:D007965,Disease) :: ['Krabbe disease']


abstract: This study investigated working memory (WM) consolidation, that is, the time required to create durable WM representations, at different levels of WM load in @entity161 . Twenty-three @entity161 spectrum @entity1 and 16 control subjects participated in a change-detection task in which a sample array of 1-3 squares appeared followed by a delay and a test array. An array of pattern masks was inserted into the delay interval--covering the locations of the sample-array squares--100-800 ms after the offset of the sample array. If a durable WM representation is formed prior to mask onset, the mask should not impair performance. The degree of masking at an interval reflects the degree of WM consolidation at that time. Neither group showed masking at set size 1. Unlike controls, @entity1 demonstrated robust masking effects at set size 2. Both groups showed masking at set size 3, but masking effects were larger and longer lasting in @entity1 . These data demonstrate abnormally prolonged WM consolidation in @entity161 . This impairment may slow the formation of stable representations of the visual environment, impacting everyday visually guided behavior.

title: Impaired visual working memory consolidation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Slipped Capital @entity4039 (SCFE) is the commonest pathology affecting the adolescent hip with an incidence of approximately 2 per 100,000 population. Blacks are more commonly affected than Caucasians. Of many treatment options available, in-situ-pinning appears to be the most widely employed. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the epidemiological pattern and the outcome of in-situ pinning for slipped @entity4039 in Nigerian adolescents. @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a six-year retrospective review of all the cases of slipped @entity4039 treated by in-situ pinning between 1st January 1998 and 31st December 2003 at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos, Nigeria. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 with 35 affected hips were managed with in-situ pinning during the period of review. Twenty-one females (67.7%) and 10 males (32.3%) with a F:M ratio of 2.1:1 were affected. The mean age for all the @entity1 was 12.45 years (range 6 - 16; SD    1.79). The most common presenting complaint was @entity158 seen in 48.4% of cases. Satisfactory results were obtained in 13 hips (37%) while the results in the remaining 22 hips were unsatisfactory. The most common complication was limb length discrepancy. CONCLUSION: This study shows that SCFE is not an uncommon @entity558 in orthopaedic practice in Nigeria. The high rate of unsatisfactory results is associated with the severity of the slips and the unavailability of image intensifier at the time of surgery.

title: In-situ pinning for Slipped Capital XXXX in blacks: experience in a regional orthopaedic centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['condition']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral Epiphysis', 'capital femoral epiphysis']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['Femoral Epiphysis']


abstract: Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) exceeds the cellular antioxidant capacity. The excess ROS react with and modify cellular components. Nucleic acid modifications are of principal interest because they may cause mutations. @entity20821 ( @entity20821 ) is a mutagenic lesion that can be formed by ROS in DNA as well as in the @entity377 pool. @entity20821 is removed from the DNA by base excision repair and from the @entity377 pool by the @entity377 sanitization enzyme @entity32058 . @entity32058 hydrolyzes @entity32059 to @entity32060 , which is released to the extracellular environment and can serve as a marker of oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to establish the dose-response relationship for radiation-induced extracellular @entity20821 and @entity32058 in the mGy range of gamma rays in three cellular model systems: @entity1 whole blood, @entity1 fibroblasts and stimulated lymphocytes. Extracellular @entity20821 was analyzed with the use of an ELISA and @entity32058 by Western blotting. Our results demonstrate that low-dose ionizing radiation induces a stress response that leads to the formation of extracellular @entity20821 and induction of @entity32058 in all three cellular model systems tested. This suggests that the @entity377 pool is an important target for radiation-induced stress response.

title: The XXXX pool, a target for low-dose gamma-ray-induced oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ['8-oxo-dG', '8-Oxo-dG', '8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 -deoxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: The effects of @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) obtained from the diet on @entity14 have been widely explored. However, controversial results have been obtained about the role played by the lipid peroxidation products of @entity5204 , such as @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ), in the control of @entity694 growth. This @entity264 , indeed, showed both procarcinogenic and protective effects. In an attempt to verify the action of @entity13789 , we studied the effects of a low dose of @entity13789 (1 microM), similar to those "physiologically" found in normal cells and plasma, on telomerase activity, a key parameter of malignant transformation. Caco-2 cells were exposed to @entity13789 and, paralleling cell growth inhibition, we observed the down-regulation of telomerase activity and @entity2215 expression. Similar effects have also been observed in HT-29 cells, in which @entity13789 inhibited cell proliferation, telomerase activity and @entity2215 expression, suggesting that the inhibition of telomerase activity could be a general mechanism involved in the antiproliferative effect exerted by this @entity264 . Finally, we elucidated the mechanism of @entity2215 inhibition by @entity13789 . A reduction of @entity2197 content preceded the decrease of telomerase activity, but this only partially explained the telomerase activity inhibition. The major mechanism of @entity13789 action seems to be the modulation of expression and activity of transcription factors belonging to the Myc/Mad/Max network. Since the presence of @entity5204 in the diet exposes epithelial colon cells to @entity13789 , this @entity264 could contribute to cell growth control through the inhibitory action on telomerase activity and @entity2215 expression, suggesting a protective effect on colon mucosa.

title: XXXX , a lipid peroxidation product of dietary @entity1474 , has anticarcinogenic properties in @entity694 cell lines through the inhibition of telomerase activity.

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-nonenal']

answer: @entity11838 :: (MESH:C027576,Chemical) :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']


abstract: Time delay after an abnormal screening mammogram may have a critical impact on @entity5 size, stage at diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and survival of subsequent @entity0 . This study was undertaken to evaluate disparities between Latina and non-Hispanic white (NHW) @entity1 in time to definitive diagnosis of @entity0 after an abnormal screening mammogram, as well as factors contributing to such disparities. As part of the activities of the National @entity5 Institute (NCI)-funded Redes En Acci  n research network, clinical records of 186 Latinas and 74 NHWs who received abnormal screening mammogram results were reviewed to determine the time to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Data was obtained from participating clinics in six U.S. cities and included demographics, clinical history, and mammogram characteristics. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test differences in median time to definitive diagnosis by ethnicity after adjusting for clinic site, demographics, and clinical characteristics. Time-to-event analysis showed that Latinas took 2.2 times longer to reach 50% definitively diagnosed with @entity0 relative to NHWs, and three times longer to reach 80% diagnosed (p=0.001). Latinas' median time to definitive diagnosis was 60 days compared to 27 for NHWs, a 59% gap in diagnosis rates (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.31; p=0.015). BI-RADS-4/5 @entity1 's diagnosis rate was more than twice that of BI-RADS-3 (aHR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.18, 3.78; p=0.011). Disparities in time between receipt of abnormal screening result and definitive diagnosis adversely affect Latinas compared to NHWs, and remain significant after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. With @entity5 now the leading cause of mortality among Latinos, a greater need exists for ethnically and culturally appropriate interventions like @entity1 navigation to facilitate Latinas' successful entry into, and progression through, the @entity5 care system.

title: Time to definitive diagnosis of XXXX in Latina and non-Hispanic white @entity1 : the six cities study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: 1. Descending inhibition in the proximal and distal portions of @entity35 colon was studied separately, in vitro. 2. In the proximal colon, localized distension with a small balloon caused three types of response (contraction; relaxation; relaxation, then contraction) of the circular muscle on the anal side of the distended region. 3. Distension caused descending relaxation of circular muscle in all segments of the proximal colon, although for this @entity3774 (PGF 2 alpha) was necessary in some segments to increase muscle tone. 4. @entity3897 and @entity2997 did not inhibit this descending relaxation, but @entity1022 did. 5. @entity4033 inhibited the descending relaxation in 14 of 17 preparations of proximal colon tested, but not in the others. 6. In the distal colon, distension consistently caused an increase in the tone of the circular muscles. Descending relaxation was observed only after development of higher tone. @entity3897 and @entity2997 did not inhibit the relaxation, but @entity1022 did. 7. @entity4033 did not inhibit the descending relaxation in most of the preparations of distal colon examined. 8. AF64A, an inhibitor of @entity1877 uptake, inhibited the response mediated by cholinergic neurons in vitro to electrical transmural stimulation of the longitudinal muscle of proximal colon. 9. Treatment of colonic preparations with AF64A in vitro resulted in inhibition of descending relaxation in those of proximal, but not those of distal, colon. 10. The participation of intrinsic cholinergic neurones in the descending neuronal pathway is strongly suggested by the results in the proximal colon, but less so in the distal colon. 11. The tone and spontaneous contractile activity of colonic circular muscles are discussed in relation to their neuronal control.

title: Differences in control of descending inhibition in the proximal and distal regions of XXXX colon.

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2900 is used for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia. @entity2901 and @entity925 are adverse effects. The pretreatment modalities prevent or minimize its adverse effects. AIMS: The present study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2682 on the incidence of @entity2901 and @entity2900 -induced @entity925 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 of both genders undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to two groups. @entity1 in Group I ( @entity2682 group) received 600 mg of @entity2682 orally 2 h prior to surgery and @entity1 in Group II (placebo group) received matching placebo. Anesthesia was induced with @entity3575 3  g/kg, @entity4490 3-5 mg/kg and @entity2900 1.5 mg/kg. All @entity1 were observed and graded for @entity2901 by a blinded observer and @entity1 were intubated. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity26 in air, @entity2614 and intermittent @entity3369 . After completion of surgery, neuromuscular blockade was reversed. A blinded observer recorded @entity925 grade at 24 h. @entity1 were provided @entity1 -controlled analgesia with @entity3575 for @entity282 relief. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Demographic data, @entity2901 grade, @entity3575 consumption, and @entity925 grade were compared using student t test and test of proportions. RESULTS: The study included 76 American Society of Anesthesiologists' Grade I or II @entity1 of either gender undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. But only 70 @entity1 completed the study. Results demonstrated that the prophylactic use of @entity2682 significantly decreases the incidence and the severity of @entity925 (20/35 vs. 11/35) (P<0.05) and decreases @entity3575 consumption significantly in the study group (620+164  g vs. 989+238  g) (P<0.05) without any effects on the incidence and severity of @entity2901 . CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic use of @entity2682 600 mg in laparoscopic cholecystectomy decreases the incidence and severity of @entity925 and @entity3575 consumption.

title: Prophylactic use of XXXX for prevention of @entity2900 -induced @entity2901 and @entity925 : a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin', 'Gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium bromide']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['Fasciculations', 'fasciculations', 'fasciculation']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['Succinylcholine', 'succinylcholine']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['gabapentin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: No definite markers have been established to identify @entity1 in whom @entity4349 -containing chemotherapy may represent a high risk for the development of @entity1370 . We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of comprehensive echocardiography in @entity4349 -induced @entity296 . STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective design, the study included 39 @entity1 (9 males, 30 females; mean age 53.7  11.5 years) who received antineoplastic therapy including @entity4349 . Comprehensive echocardiographic examination including tissue Doppler imaging and coronary flow reserve was performed before treatment with @entity4349 and at the end of a six-month follow-up. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (20.5%) developed @entity296 during the follow-up period. Compared to @entity1 with unaffected left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months, @entity1 with @entity296 exhibited significant differences in baseline left ventricular systolic diameter, mitral E/A, E-wave deceleration time, Sm, Em, Em/Am ratio, Sm-Em duration, and the Tei index. In univariate logistic regression analysis, only Sm (OR 0.40, p=0.002) and the Tei index (OR 3.24, p=0.02) were significant variables for the development of @entity1370 . These two were also the only independent predictors of @entity4349 @entity1370 in multivariate linear regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded a cut-off value of 8 cm/sec for Sm and 0.38 for the Tei index to predict @entity296 . CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that Sm and myocardial performance index (the Tei index) are significant independent markers to identify @entity1 at high risk for the development of @entity4349 -induced @entity296 .

title: Can comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation provide an advantage to predict @entity4349 -induced XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In an ECOG-ACRIN @entity5 Research Group study (E1496), maintenance rituximab (MR) was reported to prolong progression-free survival (PFS) in comparison with observation (OBS) alone in @entity1 with @entity706 after induction chemotherapy. Here the long-term follow-up of the same @entity1 cohort is presented. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity706 received induction chemotherapy with @entity786 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 (CVP). @entity1 with stable disease or a better response were then randomized to weekly rituximab (375 mg/m(2) * 4 doses) every 6 months for 2 years (MR) or to OBS. The primary endpoint was PFS; the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), response rate, and @entity137 . RESULTS: Of the 387 @entity1 who initially received CVP induction, 158 were randomized to MR, and 153 were randomized to OBS. After a median follow-up of 11.5 years, @entity1 on MR had longer median PFS (4.8 years) than @entity1 on OBS (1.3 years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; P < .0001). However, there was no difference in OS between MR and OBS (10-year OS, 67% vs 59%; median OS, 13.5 years vs not reached; HR, 0.91; P = .69). Other than MR, only @entity41 after induction therapy was significantly associated with PFS on multivariate analysis (HR, 0.71; P = .02). A low initial @entity5 burden, @entity41 , follicular histology, a low @entity706 International Prognostic Index score, and female sex were associated with longer OS. There was no increase in the rate of second @entity5 with MR vs OBS. CONCLUSIONS: With long-term follow-up, MR did not influence OS. The PFS benefit was maintained. MR should be considered optional for @entity1 with indolent @entity1892 . @entity5 2016;122:2996-3004.    2016 American @entity5 Society.

title: Randomized phase 3 study in low-grade lymphoma comparing maintenance anti-CD20 antibody with observation after induction therapy: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN XXXX Research Group (E1496).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphoma', 'Follicular Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary malignancies', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Chronic @entity10278 ( @entity10278 , 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment in female albino @entity35 for 2 weeks resulted in elevation of blood pressure. In chronic @entity10278 -treated @entity35 the pressor responses to different doses of @entity1063 , @entity1808 and depressor responses to @entity934 and @entity3044 were unaltered. In @entity35 hindquarter preparation there was elevation of perfusion pressure and the sensitivity of vascular bed to @entity1063 was increased in the @entity10278 -induced @entity101 @entity35 . Complete bilateral adrenalectomy or chemical sympathectomy or treatment with @entity3371 did not prevent the development of @entity10278 -induced @entity101 . Treatment with @entity1855 (15 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or @entity594 (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 2 weeks prevented the development of @entity101 with chronic @entity10278 treatment. It is suggested that chronic treatment of @entity35 with @entity10278 induces @entity101 . It is possible that @entity3409 mimics the @entity460 ion for the induction of @entity101 in @entity35 .

title: @entity3409 -induced @entity101 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride', 'CdCl2']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity28 adults, sleep @entity386 is associated with @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and cardiometabolic risk factors. In @entity1 , on the other hand, @entity387 ( @entity387 ) is primarily associated with anatomic @entity149 , whereas studies on potential concurrent metabolic aberrations and @entity25 have been limited and inconsistent. In this study, we examined the joint effect of @entity387 and @entity28 in @entity25 as well as proinflammatory and metabolic markers. METHODS: One hundred fifty @entity1 , aged 5-17 yr, were consecutively recruited from our @entity25 clinic and a subset of the Penn State @entity1 's Cohort. Every @entity1 had a thorough history and physical examination, 9-h polysomnographic study, and a single blood draw for the assessment of @entity650 , @entity310 , soluble @entity650 receptor, TNF receptor-1, hypersensitive @entity1851 , leptin, and @entity1254 . In addition, parents completed a subjective questionnaire to assess @entity25 . Analysis of covariance was performed on four groups that were separated by @entity387 severity and body mass index. RESULTS: @entity25 frequency increased progressively and significantly in the four groups. There was a significant linear trend in plasma @entity650 , hypersensitive @entity1851 , and leptin concentrations, with lowest levels observed in lean controls and highest in overweight/ @entity28 with moderate @entity387 . @entity1254 followed the opposite pattern. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in a clinical sample of @entity28 @entity1 , @entity387 is associated with @entity25 , elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, increased leptin, and decreased @entity1254 . All these changes point to an inflammatory/insulin resistance state, suggesting that @entity387 in @entity28 @entity1 share many similarities with @entity387 in @entity28 adults.

title: @entity25 XXXX @entity1 is associated with prevalent @entity25 , inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and neurocognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'excessive daytime sleepiness', 'EDS']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['breathing in obese']


abstract: @entity5715 release from an @entity5383 bioceramic was investigated parallel to standardized biocompatibility testing in an animal experiment. @entity5383 implants were introduced into both femurs of male @entity35 and into the mandible of male @entity840 . After a period of 6 or 8 months animals were sacrificed. The bone surrounding the implant was examined by utilizing standard histological procedure. The material was well tolerated both in the @entity35 and in the @entity840 . The surface of the removed implants was examined in the SEM. No changes were observed. In both femurs of the 10 experimental and six control @entity35 the @entity5715 content was determined by utilizing the atomic absorption spectroscopy method (AAS). It was found that the level of @entity5715 was essentially higher in the bones of the experimental animals. Therefore the safety of @entity5383 introduction into @entity1 organisms for a long period becomes open to doubt, in spite of the favourable results of the short-term biocompatibility tests.

title: XXXX release as a new factor in the estimation of @entity5383 bioceramic implants.

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium', 'Aluminium']

entities_list: @entity5383 :: ('MESH:D000537', 'Chemical') :: ['alumina', 'Alumina']

answer: @entity5715 :: (CHEBI:28984,Chemical) :: ['Aluminium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of oral @entity5537 -tegafur (UFT) with that of classical @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 (CMF) given as postoperative adjuvant treatment to @entity1 with node-negative, high-risk @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with node-negative, high-risk @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either 2 years of UFT or six cycles of CMF after surgery. The primary end point was @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity137 , and quality of life (QOL) were secondary end points. The hypothesis was that UFT was not inferior to CMF in terms of @entity4557 . RESULTS: Between October 1996 and April 2001, a total of 733 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either treatment. The median follow-up time was 6.2 years. The @entity4557 rates at 5 years were 88.0% in the CMF arm and 87.8% in the UFT arm. @entity1349 rates were 96.0% and 96.2%, respectively. The hazard ratios of the UFT arm relative to the CMF arm were 0.98 for @entity4557 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.45; P = .92) and 0.81 for @entity1349 (95% CI, 0.44 to 1.48; P = .49). The @entity137 profiles differed between the two groups. The QOL scores were better for @entity1 given UFT than those given CMF. CONCLUSION: @entity4557 and @entity1349 with oral UFT were similar to those with classical CMF. Given the higher QOL scores, oral UFT is a promising alternative to CMF for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with node-negative, high-risk @entity0 .

title: Oral @entity5537 and tegafur compared with classic @entity786 , @entity1499 , XXXX as postoperative chemotherapy in @entity1 with node-negative, high-risk @entity0 : National Surgical Adjuvant Study for @entity0 01 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34855 is highly expressed in the kidney, is present in the circulation and urine, and has protective effects against various @entity8 . We examined whether reduced @entity34855 expression affects @entity1140 ( @entity5467 )-induced @entity8 in an experimental model of chronic @entity5467 @entity8 . METHODS: First, we evaluated the association between the @entity5467 dose and @entity34855 expression by giving different doses of @entity5467 (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) to @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 for 4 weeks. Second, we compared @entity34855 levels, @entity177 , @entity82 , and apoptosis between @entity164 @entity19 and @entity34855 @entity24180 ( @entity24180 ) @entity19 in an experimental model of chronic @entity5467 @entity8 . Third, we examined whether the oxidative stress and signaling pathway are involved in the protection by @entity34855 against @entity5467 -induced @entity8 . RESULTS: @entity34855 levels in renal tissue and urine were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in @entity5467 -treated @entity164 @entity19 . @entity5467 -treated @entity24180 @entity19 showed lower levels of @entity34855 in the renal cortex and urine, and higher serum @entity1011 level, @entity82 , and apoptosis compared with @entity164 @entity19 . Treatment of @entity5467 to @entity164 @entity19 increased markers of oxidative stress such as @entity4357 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and Forkhead box protein O (FoxO) 3a phosphorylation but decreased @entity34472 dephosphorylation. These effects were greater in @entity24180 @entity19 . @entity24180 @entity19 exhibited a much lower level of manganese @entity224 dismutase level and higher level of Bim, target genes of FoxOs, compared with the levels in @entity164 @entity19 . CONCLUSION: Reduced @entity34855 expression aggravates @entity5467 -induced @entity8 via the PI3K-Akt-FoxO pathway.

title: @entity34855 Deficiency Aggravates @entity1140 -Induced XXXX via the @entity4357 3-Kinase-Akt-Forkhead Box Protein O Pathway.

entities_list: @entity24180 :: ('MESH:C535776', 'Disease') :: ['heterozygous', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal injuries', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal function']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal Injury']


abstract: A modification of the technique of Harrington instrumentation for @entity2112 utilizes segmental spinous process wiring. The purpose of this study is to contrast and compare two populations of surgically treated @entity1 with @entity2112 : one group with a single Harrington distraction rod and the other group with the addition of spinous process wiring. Of 252 consecutive @entity1 between 1971 and 1987, 215 were retrievable, with an average clinical follow-up of 2.2 years. Curves were analyzed by location and @entity1 age. @entity1 treated with spinous process wires were braced, those without were casted. No significant difference in terms of percent correction with time was evident between the two treatment groups. The complication rate (11.0%) and @entity1516 rate (4.0%) were the same in both wired and standard groups. The more rigid adult curves resulted in less correction and greater complications than adolescent curves. Spinous process wiring seemed to protect against upper hook cut-out. There were no deaths or @entity451 . @entity1 surgically treated with the wire modification enjoyed greater comfort with the removable brace, and curve correction was equal to that obtained in @entity1 treated with the standard technique and post-op casting.

title: Evaluation of spinous process wire fixation with Harrington instrumentation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegias']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: The @entity1 endothelium expresses two related but distinct receptor @entity669 kinases, @entity6758 and @entity319 [VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) receptor 1 and 2], that regulate the vascular response to a key cytokine, @entity7 . In the present review, we suggest a model for integrating the signals from these receptor @entity669 kinases by co-ordinating the spatial and temporal segregation of these membrane proteins linked to distinct signalling outputs associated with each intracellular location. Activation of pro-angiogenic @entity319 stimulates a programme of @entity669 phosphorylation, ubiquitination and proteolysis. This is linked to ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport)-mediated recognition of activated @entity319 and sorting in endosomes before arrival in lysosomes for terminal degradation. In addition, Rab GTPases regulate key events in @entity319 trafficking between the plasma membrane, early and late endosomes, with distinct roles for @entity23894 , @entity4814 and @entity27341 . Manipulation of GTPase levels affects not only @entity319 activation and intracellular signalling, but also functional outputs such as @entity7 -stimulated endothelial cell migration. In contrast, @entity6758 displays stable Golgi localization that can be perturbed by cell stimuli that elevate cytosolic @entity141 ion levels. One model is that @entity6758 translocates from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane via a @entity460 -sensitive trafficking step. This allows rapid and preferential sequestration of @entity7 by the higher-affinity @entity6758 , thus blocking further @entity319 activation. Recycling or degradation of @entity6758 allows resensitization of the @entity319 -dependent signalling pathway. Thus a dual @entity319 system with a built-in negative-feedback loop is utilized by endothelial cells to sense a key cytokine in vascular tissues.

title: XXXX -stimulated signalling in endothelial cells via a dual receptor @entity669 kinase system is dependent on co-ordinated trafficking and proteolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF-A']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Operations in @entity130 @entity1 represent a second insult and the extent of the surgical procedures influences the magnitude of the inflammatory response. Our hypothesis was that a reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) system would cause a lesser inflammatory response than traditional reaming (TR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coagulation, fibrinolysis and cytokine responses were studied in Norwegian landrace @entity1707 during and after intramedullary nailing (IMN) with two different reaming systems using ELISA and chromogenic peptide substrate assays. The TR (n=8) and the RIA (n=7) reaming systems were compared to a control group (n=7). The animals were followed for 72 h. Arterial, mixed @entity1503 were withdrawn simultaneously peroperatively and until 2 h after the nail was inserted for demonstration of local, pulmonary and systemic activation of the cascade systems. At 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h postoperatively arterial blood samples were withdrawn. RESULTS: Significantly procedure-related increased levels were found for thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in the TR group and TAT in the RIA group. The local and the pulmonary activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis were more pronounced in the TR than in the RIA group, the difference reached significance for @entity25794 ( @entity25794 ) (arterial blood). The cytokine response, mainly represented by @entity22134 increase, was more pronounced in the TR than the RIA group, and was significant for @entity22134 in femoral vein blood. The arterial levels of @entity22134 exceeded the mixed venous levels indicating an additional pulmonary activation of @entity22134 . Two animals in the TR group, who died of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) prior to planned study end point, had a more pronounced response compared to the rest of the TR group. CONCLUSION: A procedure-related coagulation and fibrinolytic response was demonstrated in both reaming groups, with more pronounced response in the TR than in the RIA group. Elevated levels of cytokines were demonstrated related to reaming and nailing, with significantly higher @entity22134 levels in the TR than in the RIA group.

title: Coagulation, fibrinolysis and cytokine responses to intramedullary nailing of the femur: an experimental study in XXXX comparing traditional reaming and reaming with a one-step reamer-irrigator-aspirator system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['venous and femoral vein blood']

entities_list: @entity25794 :: ('396945(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively explore the correlation between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-ruptured knees, stability of ACL- @entity397 knee and posterior tibial slope (PTS). METHODS: From January 2008 to October 2012, 150 knees with @entity6151 underwent arthroscopic surgery for ACL reconstruction. A control group was established for subjects undergoing arthroscopic surgery without @entity6151 during the same period. PTS was measured on a digitalized lateral radiograph. Lachman and mechanized pivot shift tests were performed for assessing the stability of knee. RESULTS: There was significant difference (P = 0.007) in PTS angle between the @entity1 with @entity6151 (9.5    2.2 degrees) and the control group (6.6    1.8 degrees). Only among females, increased slope of tibial plateau had effect on the Lachman test. There was a higher positive rate of pivot shift test in @entity1 of increased posterior slope in the @entity6151 group. CONCLUSION: Increased posterior tibial slope (>6.6) appears to contribute to non-contact ACL injuries in females. And the changes of tibial slope have no effect upon the Lachman test. However, large changes in tibial slope affect pivot shift.

title: [Effects of posterior tibial slope on non-contact anterior cruciate @entity397 and stability of anterior cruciate XXXX knee].

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACL rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ligament rupture']


abstract: 1. The occurrence of @entity3328 in monkeys inoculated with @entity1 or first passage virus was proved by histological examination of the nervous system and by isolation of the virus. 2. The non-paralytic @entity281 was almost invariably associated with the destruction of an appreciable number of nerve cells in the spinal cord, and failure of the process to progress seemed to depend upon an equilibrium between the host and the virus, in which the latter occasionally persisted in an active state since it could produce the typical @entity66 on passage to other monkeys. 3. While there were no reliable clinical or laboratory criteria, the diagnosis of @entity3328 was made when the following changes were found in the spinal cord: (a) outfall of neurons confirmed by the presence of the reaction of degeneration in the nerve roots, and (b) foci of glial infiltration and perivascular cuffing in the gray matter. 4. Anterior horn cells showing diffuse chromatolysis and acidophilic, intranuclear inclusions were present 2 days after disappearance of @entity912 of short duration, and nerve cells with marginated Nissl substance and eccentric nuclei were found side by side with obviously older lesions in monkeys with @entity3328 . These cytologic changes were not present in monkeys sacrificed in still later stages of the disease. 5. The transitory character of the @entity912 in some monkeys may depend in part on the fact that apparently normal function can be carried on with less than the normal number of nerve cells and in part on the probable, but not proved, possibility that not all nerve cells attacked by @entity3328 virus are irreversibly damaged.

title: NATURE OF NON-PARALYTIC AND TRANSITORY PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS IN RHESUS MONKEYS INOCULATED WITH XXXX VIRUS.

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis', 'non-paralytic poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['HUMAN']


abstract: Progression of @entity2521 in @entity1 is characterized by acute exacerbations during short periods of time followed by periods of remission. The analytical procedures used to distinguish actively progressing sites from non-progressing sites within an individual's dentition are controversial. The purpose of the present investigation was to use measurements of probing depth and attachment level from a prospective longitudinal study of @entity2520 progression to examine measurement and diagnostic reliability. In 10 systemically healthy adult @entity1 subjects with untreated advanced @entity2521 , probing depth and attachment levels were measured at baseline and every 30 days for 10 to 12 months. Measurements were made at 6 sites of each tooth using an acrylic onlay as a reference point and a pressure sensitive probe. Replicate measurements were made on sites showing apparent changes in @entity6730 of 2 mm or more in a month, and their contralateral counterparts. Cross-sectional reliability was described by means and standard deviations for the absolute differences between replicate measurements: 0.63 +/- 0.87 mm for anterior teeth, 0.58 +/- 0.80 mm for premolars and 0.69 +/- 0.91 mm for molars. The mean differences tended to decrease with increasing time on study and tended to be greater in deeper pockets. Longitudinal reliability was described by analyzing site-specific serial attachment level measurements across the study time period. Maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate false positive and false negative diagnostic rates associated with the diagnosis of @entity6730 based on minimum threshold levels of 1 and 2 mm. The use of a 1 mm threshold resulted in estimated false positive rates of 0.08 to 0.11 and false negative rates of 0.11 to 0.15.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cross-sectional and longitudinal reliability for clinical measurement of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['episodic periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['marginal periodontitis', 'periodontitis']

answer: @entity6730 :: (MESH:D017622,Disease) :: ['attachment loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The beneficial effect of decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is controversial, but there is no debate that decompression should be performed before irreversible neurological deficit occurs. The aim of our study was to assess the value of ultra-early decompressive craniectomy in @entity1 with severe @entity131 . METHODS: Total of 127 @entity1 who underwent decompressive craniectomy from January 2007 to December 2013 was included in this study. Among them, 60 @entity1 had underwent ultra-early (within 4 hours from injury) emergent operation for relief of @entity428 . Initial @entity772 scale, brain computed tomography (CT) scan features by Marshall CT classification, and time interval between injury and craniectomy were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical outcome was evaluated, using the modified Rankin score. RESULTS: The outcomes of ultra-early decompressive craniectomy group were not better than those in the comparison group (p=0.809). The overall mortality rate was 68.5% (87 @entity1 ). Six of all @entity1 (4.7%) showed good outcomes, and 34 @entity1 (26.8%) remained in a severely disabled or vegetative state. Forty of sixty @entity1 (66.7%) had died, and two @entity1 (3.3%) showed good outcomes at last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Ultra-early decompressive craniectomy for @entity428 did not improve @entity1 outcome when compared with "early or late" decompressive craniectomy for managing severe @entity131 .

title: Outcomes of Ultra-Early Decompressive Craniectomy after Severe XXXX Injury-Treatment Outcomes after Severe @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow coma']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure', 'intracranial hypertension']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain']


abstract: Two plasminogen activators (1 and 2) were isolated from @entity1 seminal plasma by hiigh-speed centrifugation, Sephadex-gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The activators were shown to be homogeneous by @entity2975 -disc -gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 and 4.5, and by @entity214 / @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of activators 1 and 2 were estimated as 69 000 and 74 000. Their @entity535 compositions are very similar, both being high in @entity2574 , @entity367 , @entity563 , @entity2228 and @entity368 , and low in @entity1853 , @entity2340 , @entity669 , @entity6778 and @entity3793 . Activators 1 and 2 each possess 16 @entity462 residues. Both activators have isoelectric points of approx. 7.0, are stable over a wide pH range at temperatures up to 60 degrees C, but lose activity at higher temperatures, particularly under very basic or acidic conditions. They are not inhibited by @entity1098 , @entity1025 and @entity141 at 10 mM concentrations, but their activity decreases on addition of 10 mM- @entity462 or @entity8798 and @entity34905 or sera from pregnant @entity1 . The precipitin band formed between urokinase and its antiserum is continuous with the precipitin bands formed between the seminal plasminogen activators and the urokinase antiserum. Antisera to urokinase inhibit both the activity of urokinase and the seminal plasminogen activators.

title: Purification of plasminogen activators from XXXX seminal plasma.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity34905 :: ('CHEBI:32396', 'Chemical') :: ['6-aminohexanoate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECT: Few data exist regarding long-term outcomes after cervical corpectomy for spondylotic cervical @entity602 and radiculomyelopathy. In this retrospective review, long-term radiographic outcomes are reported for 130 @entity1 after 1- or 2-level cervical corpectomy for spondylotic @entity602 or radiculomyelopathy. METHODS: Electronic medical records including clinical data and radiographic images during a 15-year period (1993-2008) were reviewed at the Cincinnati Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. All @entity1 underwent radiographic follow-up for at least 12 months (range 12-156, mean 45    39.3 months), as well as clinical follow-up performed by neurosurgery staff for a mean of 29.3    39.6 months (range 4-156 months). Clinical parameters at surgery and last examination included the Chiles modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) @entity602 Scale. Measurements included cervical spine sagittal alignment on lateral radiographs preoperatively and postoperatively, focal Cobb angles at operated levels, and C2-7 regional alignment. Statistical analysis included the Student t-test and chi-square test. Perioperative complications and additional surgery in the cervical spine were recorded. RESULTS: The mJOA scores improved from a mean of 11.91    2.4 preoperatively to 14.9    2.33 postoperatively. The mean sagittal @entity1515 of the C2-7 spine increased from -16.2      9.2   preoperatively to -18.5      11.9   at last follow-up. Focal Cobb angles averaged a slight kyphotic angulation of 4.1      2.3   at latest radiographic follow-up; of note, 7 @entity1 (5.4%), all who had cylindrical @entity702 mesh cages (CTMCs), showed severe kyphotic angulation (+8.4      2.4  ). @entity1 with preoperative @entity602 showed clinical improvement at follow-up. The fusion rate was 96.2%; 3 of the 5 @entity1 with radiographic evidence of nonfusion were smokers. @entity1 with @entity86 had significantly more @entity4048 (visual analog scale score >4 lasting more than 6 months) and visits related to @entity158 (p <0.01). Those with CTMCs had higher rates of @entity86 , @entity4048 , and visits related to @entity158 , irrespective of the number of levels fused (p <001). At latest follow-up, although a kyphotic increase occurred in the focal cervical sagittal Cobb angles, @entity1515 increased in C2-7 sagittal Gore angles. Two @entity1 (1.5%) underwent revision of the implanted graft and/or hardware, and 5 @entity1 (3.8%) had another procedure for adjacent-level pathologies 1-9 years later (mean 4.4    2.7 years). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up data in our veteran population support cervical corpectomy as an effective, long-lasting treatment for spondylotic @entity602 of the cervical spine. Use of CTMCs without end caps was associated with statistically significant @entity86 and @entity1118 . Despite an increase in focal @entity1513 over time, regional cervical sagittal lordotic alignment had increased at the latest follow-up. Further investigation will include the association of @entity4048 and @entity86 , and high fusion rates among a veteran population of heavy smokers.

title: Long-term follow-up of cervical radiographic sagittal spinal alignment after 1- and 2-level cervical corpectomy for the treatment of spondylosis of the subaxial cervical spine causing radiculomyelopathy or XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'Myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative kyphosis', 'increased postoperative kyphotic angulation']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness and safety of pemetrexed in @entity1149 . METHOD: Retrospective study (March 2006-May 2008) of pemetrexed use. Information was obtained from the Access database belonging to the Pharmacy and Oncology Departments, the registry of external consultations and clinical histories. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 12.0. Quantitative variables are expressed as the median (minimum-maximum). RESULTS: The study included 44 @entity1 (61.7 [39-77] years old), mostly male (86%), smokers or former smokers (80%) with @entity957 (46%) or @entity420 , in a good functional state (86%) and in stage > or =III upon beginning pemetrexed treatment (93%). Prior treatment with @entity6023 and @entity3907 treatment along with a prior history of neutropoenia were the criteria for changing to pemetrexed in 34.4% and 22.7% of the @entity1 , respectively. None of the @entity1 presented a complete or partial response: 18.2% showed disease stability and 81.8% showed disease progression. The main reasons for discontinuing pemetrexed were progression of the disease (54.5%) and worsening of symptoms (15.9%). Median survival after beginning chemotherapy was 22.2 months (ranging from 16-28.4) and 7.8 months (4.4-11.2) after beginning pemetrexed treatment. These last figures were significantly higher in @entity1 and those with an ECOG of 0 to 1. The most common adverse effects were @entity425 and @entity2359 . CONCLUSION: In each of the cases, pemetrexed was used as a second-line treatment or higher with a good safety profile. A complete or partial response was not reached in any of the cases, but survival after beginning pemetrexed was equal to or longer than that achieved in other studies.

title: [Study of use of pemetrexed in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['predominantly epidermoid/squamous disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']