abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with peritoneal surface disease (PSD) often present with synchronous hepatic involvement (HI). The impact of addressing the hepatic component during @entity1104 / @entity7730 on operative and survival outcomes is not clearly defined. METHODS: A prospective database of 1,067 procedures was reviewed based on @entity5 , performance status, resection status, type of liver involvement (superficial or parenchymal) and hepatic resection, morbidity, mortality, and overall survival. RESULTS: There were 108 (10  %) @entity1104 / @entity7730 procedures performed with synchronous liver debulking in 99 @entity1 with PSD from 27 (33  %) appendiceal and 32 (39  %) @entity14 . Ninety percent of @entity1 underwent subsegmental hepatic resection, whereas 22  % had disease with hepatic parenchymal involvement. Median intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay were 3.5 and 13.6  days, respectively. Clavien grade III/IV morbidity was similar for @entity1 with or without resected HI (18.9 vs. 22.5  %; p  =  0.39). The 30-day mortality rate was 6.5 and 2.8  % (p  =  0.07) for @entity1 with and without resected HI, respectively. The median survival for all @entity1 with @entity5 was 42.1  months with resected HI and 95.5  months without HI (p  =  0.03). Median survival for @entity14 @entity1 after complete cytoreduction was 21.2  months with HI versus 33.6  months without HI (p  =  0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous resection of limited HI does not increase the morbidity or mortality of @entity1104 / @entity7730 procedures. The survival benefit, although still meaningful, was less for @entity1 with HI. Resectable low volume HI in @entity1 with PSD from colon and appendiceal primary lesions should not be considered a contraindication for @entity1104 / @entity7730 procedures.

title: Peritoneal Surface Disease with Synchronous Hepatic Involvement Treated with @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and @entity7730 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'low-grade appendiceal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal primary lesions']

answer: @entity7730 :: (MESH:D064146,Disease) :: ['HIPEC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent clinical and experimental data suggest that @entity251 may protect males against the deleterious effects of repolarization-prolonging drugs. This study tests the hypothesis that @entity586 ( @entity587 ) protects normal females against drug-induced excessive prolongation of repolarization. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used microelectrode techniques to study isolated preparations of @entity95 ventricular endocardium from age-matched normal control female @entity95 and female @entity95 treated with @entity587 for 4 weeks. Serum 17beta- @entity53 levels were identical in the control and @entity587 -treated animals, whereas @entity587 levels were high (equaling those in normal males) only in the @entity587 -treated animals. Basal action potential duration to 90% repolarization (APD90) was significantly shorter in @entity587 -treated (155+/-7.4 ms, n=32) than control females (178+/-6.7 ms, n=29; P<0.05) at cycle length=1000 ms. The increase in APD90 induced by 10(-8) mol/L @entity2781 at cycle length=1000 ms was significantly less in @entity587 -treated females than normal females (DeltaAPD90=8+/-7 and 29+/-5 ms, respectively, P<0.05). At 10(-6) mol/L @entity2781 , the incidence of early afterdepolarizations was 28% in @entity587 -treated and 55% in normal female @entity95 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Elevating @entity587 levels diminishes the effects of @entity2781 to increase APD and induce early afterdepolarizations in females. Moreover, treatment of females with @entity587 results in prolongation of APD and an incidence of early afterdepolarization equal to values previously reported by us for @entity2781 -treated normal males. That serum levels of @entity53 were the same in @entity587 -treated and untreated females suggests that @entity53 is not involved in the response to @entity2781 . Thus, these data suggest that @entity587 and perhaps other androgenic hormones may protect normal females against the risk of @entity2781 -induced @entity943 .

title: XXXX diminishes the proarrhythmic effects of @entity2781 in normal female @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity2781 :: ('MESH:C063533', 'Chemical') :: ['dofetilide']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: Few data exist on the medicoeconomic usefulness of PET in the management of metachronous liver metastases from @entity14 . This study was designed to assess the cost-effectiveness of PET in the diagnosis and staging of @entity1 with metachronous liver metastases of @entity14 using a decision analysis model. METHODS: Two alternatives were compared: CT and CT associated with PET (CT+PET). Transition probabilities were estimated from published data and consultations with experts. Survival data were provided by the Burgundy Digestive Cancer Registry (France). Costs of imaging techniques and treatments were assessed using reimbursements from the French health care insurance for the year 2004. Evaluation criteria included incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and the proportion of unnecessary operations avoided in @entity1 without metachronous liver metastases. RESULTS: CT+PET was the most cost-effective strategy, presenting an expected incremental cost saving of 2,671 (approximately  3,213) per @entity1 , for the same level of expected effectiveness as CT alone (1.88-y life expectancy per @entity1 ). Sensitivity analyses performed on epidemiologic and economic parameters showed that this model was robust. The model also suggested that CT+PET could avoid exploratory surgery for 6.1% of @entity1 -that is, 88.4% risk reduction compared with CT alone. CONCLUSION: PET for diagnosis and staging does not generate additional survival effectiveness compared with CT alone. However cost savings associated with its use and the improvement of therapeutic management therefore justify its generalization in clinical practice.

title: Use of a decision analysis model to assess the cost-effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET in the management of metachronous liver metastases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: To assess the degree of palliation, the associated morbidity and mortality and to compare our results with other published series, we reviewed our use of the @entity1349 in 100 consecutive @entity1 for the palliation of unresectable @entity189 . The group had a mean age of 71.2 +/- 2.3 years. All prostheses were placed by the pulsion method. Intubation was successful in 91%. Improvement in swallowing was seen in 82.1%. Major early procedure-related morbidity was high at 23% with 11 perforations (11%). Procedure-related mortality was 12%. Those aged 70 years or more had a 34.5% risk of morbidity and 15.5% risk of dying from the procedure. Late procedure-related complications requiring further endoscopic procedures occurred in 27%. Our 7 day mortality was 14.7% (14 @entity1 ) and 31 @entity1 (32.6%) had died within 30 days, usually from the disease itself. Those surviving the procedure (> 7 days) had a mean survival of 105 (range 9-735) days. We obtained acceptable palliation but with a significant morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic intubation remains a useful palliative treatment for @entity1 with unresectable @entity189 and @entity418 .

title: Endoscopic palliation of XXXX with @entity1349 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus', 'oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Atkinson prosthesis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical observational study was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation of spinal @entity174 type and its magnitude of distortion to subsequent long-term development of late @entity85 in childhood onset @entity1566 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In this study, 76 adults who sustained @entity1566 during childhood were examined clinically and radiographically alongside a retrospective review of case notes and radiographs. METHODS: The nature of the @entity3510 and the progression of its displacement were defined from radiographs taken immediately after injury, then at 4 months and at 1 year. Eventual adult @entity85 was defined from standardized erect long-plate radiographs. @entity1635 , @entity1513 , and @entity1515 were measured using Cobb's method. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of @entity1635 , @entity1513 , or @entity1515 between traumatic and nontraumatic injuries, nor between @entity1 with and those without radiologically visible @entity130 . Of the 14 @entity1 with traumatic thoracic and @entity130 who had undergone no surgical intervention, 10 (71%) showed development of major scoliotic curves that did not include the @entity174 site. The @entity1 with no angular displacement at the @entity174 site after 1 year went on to experience the development of more severe @entity1635 (mean, 66 degrees) than those who had displaced @entity174 (mean, 38 degrees). In five, a low kyphotic curve and a compensatory @entity1515 above it developed. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that the @entity130 to the vertebral column itself in the @entity1 with @entity1566 influences the development of late @entity1635 or @entity1515 , but it may influence any eventual @entity1513 .

title: The relation of thoracic and XXXX configuration to the development of @entity85 in childhood @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bony injury', 'lumbar injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['lumbar fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the risk for @entity548 complications after thrombolysis for @entity385 in @entity1 on @entity1229 (international normalized ratio [INR]  <= 1.7) and to put these data into perspective with previous studies. METHODS: A total of 548 consecutive @entity64 @entity1 receiving IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) were prospectively evaluated and details about @entity1229 pretreatment were carefully recorded. Prothrombin time-based INR values were measured before thrombolysis and 6 and 24 hours thereafter. @entity932 occurring within 72 hours was assessed by CT examinations and defined according to National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 criteria. Main outcome variables were symptomatic intracranial and major systemic @entity548 . RESULTS: Of the 548 @entity1 , 33 (6.0%) and 14 (2.6%) experienced symptomatic intracranial and major systemic @entity548 , respectively. @entity1 taking @entity1229 until the day of or day before admission (n = 15, mean    SD INR 1.21    0.32 vs 1.01    1.12, p = 0.030) faced an approximately 4-fold risk for @entity932 (20.0% vs 5.6%, unadjusted odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 4.2 [1.1-15.7], p = 0.033). Findings were similar after adjustment for age, NIH @entity64 Scale score, and @entity6 (adjusted OR [95% CI] 4.1 [1.0-16.1], p = 0.044) and when focusing on any major @entity548 (intracranial or systemic) (unadjusted OR [95% CI] 4.1 [1.3-13.6], p = 0.019). Half of the @entity1 with @entity548 showed an INR rise above 1.7 6 hours after thrombolysis. A meta-analysis yielded confirmatory yet heterogeneous results (unadjusted OR [95% CI] derived from a random effects model, 2.31 [1.15-4.62], p = 0.018, I(2) = 58% [11%-80%]). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest a statistically significant and clinically meaningful increase in the risk for symptomatic intracranial and major systemic @entity548 among @entity1 with @entity64 thrombolysis receiving @entity1229 up to the day of or day before @entity64 .

title: Subtherapeutic @entity1229 therapy entails an increased XXXX risk after @entity64 thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleedings', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) is common with advanced @entity5 . Palliative care with minimal adverse events is the cornerstone of management. Although talc pleurodesis plays an important role in treatment, the best modality of talc application remains controversial.    OBJECTIVE: To compare recurrence rates, rates of respiratory and non- @entity1576 between thoracoscopic talc insufflation/poudrage (TTI) and talc slurry (TS).   DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: MEDLINE (PubMed, OVID),   EBM Reviews (Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews, ACP Journal Club, DARE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register, Health Technology Assessment and NHS Economic Evaluation Database), EMBASE and Scopus. Randomized controlled trials published between 01/01/1980 - 10/1/2014 and comparing the two strategies were selected.   RESULTS: Twenty-eight potential studies were identified of which 24 studies were further excluded, leaving four studies. No statistically significant difference in the risk of recurrent @entity1143 was observed between TS and TTI groups (RR 0.72; 95 % CI 0.50-1.05; Q statistic, 3.58). There was a higher risk of post procedural @entity1576 in the TTI group compared to the TS group ( @entity4736 .91, 95% CI= 1.24-2.93, Q statistic 3.15). No statistically significant difference in the incidence of non- @entity1576 between the TTI group and the TS group was observed (RR 0.88, 95% CI= 0.72-1.07, Q statistic 4.61). CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in @entity3483 recurrence based on @entity1 centered outcomes between talc poudrage and talc slurry treatments.   @entity1576 are more common with talc poudrage via thoracoscopy.

title: XXXX and the role of talc poudrage and talc slurry: a  systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory complications', 'respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant Pleural Effusion', 'MPE']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['Malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses of anticolon antibodies were studied in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentrations of total serum IgG subclasses were also measured by ELISA. The values for total serum IgG subclasses in @entity1 with @entity31 were not significantly different from those in normal controls, while the ratio of IgG1 to IgG2 in the @entity1 was significantly higher than that in normal controls. All four IgG subclasses of autoantibodies were demonstrated in the sera of the patients. IgG4 anticolon antibodies were detected most frequently (15 out of 18 patients, 83%). IgG2 was the next most prevalent (9 of 18 @entity1 , 50%). The activity of anticolon antibodies in each subclass did not correlate with the concentration of the corresponding serum IgG subclass. Seven cell lines producing anticolon antibodies were obtained from the colonic mucosa of the @entity1 by @entity2025 ( @entity2025 ) transformation. IgG subclasses of anticolon antibodies secreted by these cell lines were also varied. IgG4 subclass was secreted by three @entity2025 transformed cell lines, all of which produced IgG4 anticolon antibodies. These results suggest that all four different IgG subclasses could respond to the colon antigens and that various antigens in colonic mucosa or lumen may contribute to the induction of those autoantibodies. In addition, the prominence of IgG4 anticolon antibodies may support the pathogenic role of this subclass in @entity31 as in other @entity792 .

title: Immunoglobulin G subclass distribution of human anticolon antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus', 'EBV']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protein expression of @entity11833 (excision repair cross complementation group 1) and survivin gene in @entity902 -resistant and @entity902 -sensitive @entity43 ( @entity43 ), and to explore the relationship among @entity11833 expression, survivin expression, the major clinicopathological characteristics as well as @entity902 sensitivity. METHODS: Expression of @entity11833 and survivin were detected in 64 @entity43 tissues by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in @entity1 ' age, FIGO stage, pathological type, histological grade, @entity1600 , in all of three pairs of comparison. They were @entity902 -sensitive group vs. @entity902 -resistant group, @entity11833 -positive group vs. @entity11833 -negative group and surviving-positive group vs. survivn-negative group (all P > 0.05). The positive rate of @entity11833 expression (67.85%, 19/28) in @entity902 -resistant @entity1 ' tissues was significantly higher than that in @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 ' tissues (25.00%, 9/36) (P = 0.001). While the positive rate of survivin in @entity902 -resistant @entity1 ' tissues (78.57%, 22/28) was slightly higher than that of in @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 ' tissues (75.00%, 29/36), however without significant (P = 0.74). No evidence was found that the expression of @entity11833 correlate with the expression of survivin (r(s) = 0.12, P = 0.36) too. The proportion of @entity902 -resistant in @entity1 with coexpression of @entity11833 and surviving (65.22%, 15/23) was insignificantly lower than that of in @entity1 with single expression of @entity11833 (80.00%, 4/5) (P = 0.91). CONCLUSION: Expression of @entity11833 in @entity43 @entity1 ' @entity5 tissue could be a predictive indicator for their @entity902 susceptibility and it might be helpful for prevention and reverse of @entity902 resistance in clinical practice. The expression of survivin seems of no definite value in prediction of @entity902 susceptibility.

title: [The protein expression of XXXX and survivin @entity43 and their clinical significance].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic lymph node and/or vessel infiltration']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity11833 :: (2067,Gene) :: ['ERCC1']


abstract: Waglerin-I, a lethal toxin isolated from the venom of Trimeresurus wagleri, consists of 22 @entity535 residues with a @entity1521 -rich sequence. In the present study, we investigated the cause of @entity204 and the possible site of action of this toxin. In anesthetized @entity19 , i.v. administration of waglerin-I at 0.5 microgram/g produced @entity1576 within 5 min. The blood pressure could be maintained by the application of artificial respiration immediately after @entity1576 . Waglerin-I at 4 microM reversibly blocked the indirect twitch of the @entity19 phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation, but had no effect on the direct twitch. It is concluded that @entity1576 , resulting from @entity4094 , is the primary cause of @entity204 due to waglerin-I in @entity19 . In contrast to the results obtained in @entity19 , in anesthetized @entity35 no toxic effects on respiration and blood pressure were observed except for a transient @entity551 up to 10 micrograms/g (i.v.). In accordance with the in vivo experiments, waglerin-I at concentrations up to 40 microM did not block the indirect twitch of the @entity35 diaphragm. It thus appears that @entity35 are resistant to the toxic effects of @entity62499 -I.

title: A study on the cause of XXXX due to waglerin-I, a toxin from Trimeresurus wagleri.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest', 'respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity16797 ( @entity16797 ) is an @entity18479 caused by defects in the @entity45643 gene. We have identified a @entity16797 family with four @entity1 in two generations. The @entity1 in this family, a mother and her three @entity1 (a male and two females), all have severe @entity1032 with the typical @entity16797 phenotype. In addition, brain MRI studies on the three siblings revealed @entity62 , thinning of the corpus callosum, @entity76 , and asymmetry of the lateral ventricles. The degree of severity of the MRI findings correlated with the severity of @entity1032 in the @entity1 . Extensive mutation screening was performed on the entire @entity45643 gene in this family. Twenty-two exons including the intron/exon junctions were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced on both strands. A novel mutation, a two- @entity377 insertion ( @entity60666 ), was identified. The insertion creates a stop codon at codon 100, resulting in a 99 @entity535 truncated @entity45643 protein. All @entity1 tested have the same mutation, and no other mutation could be found in the @entity45643 gene from the proband. The mutation was confirmed by PCR/RFLP. X-chromosome inactivation assay on the female @entity1 revealed significant skewing toward inactivation of the normal @entity45643 allele. Thus, this novel mutation is likely to be responsible for the unusual clinical presentation in this family, which includes full phenotypic expression in females and unique @entity75 . The pathological function of the mutation and genotype/phenotype correlation between the mutation and this unusual clinical presentation await further clarification.

title: A novel XXXX ( @entity45643 ) gene mutation associated with abnormal brain MRI findings in a family with @entity16797 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity16797 :: ('MESH:D038921', 'Disease') :: ['CLS', 'Coffin-Lowry syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity18479 :: ('MESH:D038901', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked mental retardation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic cerebellar vermis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in deep subcortical white matter']

answer: @entity45643 :: (6197,Gene) :: ['RSK2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1161 ( @entity1161 )-induced effects in @entity1 treated for @entity11 ( @entity11 ) can result in worsening of @entity16 and clinical and radiographic deterioration. Treatment for radiation-induced @entity5 enlargement is based on symptom control and usually involves @entity230 . PROCEDURE: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity11 treated with @entity1161 who developed symptomatic radiation-induced @entity5 enlargement and were managed with bevacizumab. Charts were abstracted for onset and duration of @entity1161 changes, @entity137 and doses of @entity619 and bevacizumab. @entity5 volumes prior to @entity1161 , at maximal size following @entity1161 , after bevacizumab administration, and at follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: Five @entity1 were treated with bevacizumab for symptomatic radiation-induced @entity5 enlargement following @entity1161 for @entity11 at a median of 4.2 months (range, 1-11 months) after completion of @entity1161 . The median increase in volume of @entity5 was 195.4% (range, 115.5-309%) compared to the pre- @entity1161 volume. Bevacizumab 5-10   mg/kg was administered IV q 2-4 weeks as primary treatment (n   =   1) or to assist in weaning @entity1 off @entity230 (n   =   4). All @entity1 on high dose @entity230 (n   =   4) were weaned off or to physiologic doses of @entity701 . Two @entity1 developed @entity2530 after prolonged @entity134 use and while on bevacizumab. Radiographically, all @entity1 showed significant improvement and are now a median of 31 months (range, 18-50 months) from the completion of radiation without requiring additional @entity5 -related therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab can play an important role in @entity1 with symptomatic radiation changes following @entity11 treatment, allowing @entity1 to avoid or minimize the @entity137 of long-term @entity134 use. Pediatr @entity5    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Bevacizumab for symptomatic radiation-induced XXXX enlargement in pediatric low grade @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Radiation therapy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Blood Cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low grade glioma', 'LGG']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic determinants on the beta and beta' subunits of the @entity526 RNA polymerase were characterized by using d( @entity1129 )n-directed transcription assays. Antibodies were prepared by using purified subunits as immunogens, and seven anti-beta and five anti-beta' monoclonal antibodies were generated. Inhibitory anti-beta monoclonal antibodies were found to affect RNA polymerase during synthesis of r(A-U)n, abortive initiation of pApU and UpApU, and elongation by preformed ternary complexes. A comparative enzyme study of r(A-U)n synthesis showed the core polymerase to be more sensitive to inhibition by the anti-beta monoclonal antibody than was the holoenzyme. In contrast, the inhibition effected by the anti-beta' monoclonal antibody was found to be 90% or greater for each of the d( @entity1129 )n-directed assays used. The different inhibitory patterns exhibited by the anti-beta and anti-beta' monoclonal antibodies suggest that the beta and beta' subunits engage in different roles during transcription. Kinetic analysis of the abortive initiation reaction in the presence and absence of the inhibitory antibodies resulted in distinctive but complex modes of inhibition. Inhibition by the anti-beta monoclonal antibody 210E8 was noncompetitive with regard to @entity856 and competitive for UpA incorporation; at increased UpA concentration, the inhibition was completely reversed. Inhibition of the abortive synthesis of UpApU by the anti-beta' monoclonal antibody 311G2 was noncompetitive with regard to both UpA and UTP incorporation. When the preformed ternary elongation complex was used, inhibition by the anti-beta monoclonal antibody was mixed with regard to the @entity8660 substrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Characterization of effects of anti-beta and anti-beta' monoclonal antibodies on the activity of the RNA polymerase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8660 :: ('CHEBI:17972', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleoside triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 @entity1 have the highest risk of developing @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) among hospitalised @entity1 , with a reported 13-fold greater risk of developing @entity1211 over non- @entity130 @entity1 . This study examines the incidence of @entity1211 and associated complications in @entity130 @entity1 with @entity174 or @entity130 . METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 6,227 @entity130 @entity1 and classified them according to injury severity score (ISS). The minor @entity130 group (ISS  <=15) contained 5,637 @entity1 and the major @entity130 group (ISS >15) contained 590 @entity1 . RESULTS: In the minor @entity130 group, @entity1211 incidence was 1.17  %: 0.67  % were diagnosed with @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and 0.5  % with @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). The readmission rate in the following 3-month period was 11  %, of which 2.8  % were subsequently rediagnosed with @entity1211 . The 30-day mortality rate was 2.2  %. Seven @entity1 died from @entity1151 following their initial admission and treatment, and another @entity1 died from @entity1151 within three months after discharge. In the major @entity130 group, the @entity1211 incidence was 6.8  %: 5.1  % with diagnosed with @entity1150 and 1.7  % with @entity1151 . The readmission rate during the following three-month period was 6.6  %, of which 5  % were readmitted because of @entity1211 and two cases were readmitted because of @entity1150 . The overall 30-day mortality rate was 9.7  %, but no @entity1 were formally diagnosed with a fatal case of @entity1151 . CONCLUSION: This study found that major @entity130 @entity1 have an approximate six-fold increased risk of developing @entity1211 during admission compared with minor @entity130 @entity1 (relative risk: 5.79; 95  % confidence interval: 3.94-8.49). Our findings support the use of extended prophylaxis to treat minor @entity130 @entity1 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity174 after @entity130 : dilemma and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity5 @entity1 often have to deal with severe side effects and @entity458 during @entity5 treatment, which have a substantial impact on their quality of life. Among psychosocial interventions for reducing treatment-related side effects, relaxation and imagery were most investigated in controlled trials. In this study, meta-analytic methods were used to synthesize published, randomized intervention-control studies aiming to improve @entity1 ' treatment-related symptoms and emotional adjustment by relaxation training. Mean weighted effect sizes were calculated for 12 categories, treatment-related symptoms ( @entity390 , @entity158 , blood pressure, pulse rate) and emotional adjustment ( @entity148 , @entity308 , hostility, @entity2701 , @entity1295 , @entity911 , vigor, overall mood). Significant positive effects were found for the treatment-related symptoms. Relaxation training also proved to have a significant effect on the emotional adjustment variables @entity308 , @entity148 and hostility. Additionally, two studies point to a significant effect of relaxation on the reduction of @entity2701 and amelioration of the overall mood. Intervention features of the relaxation training, the time the professional spent with the @entity1 overall (intervention intensity) and the schedule of the intervention (offered in conjunction with or independent of medical treatment to the @entity5 @entity1 ) were relevant to the effect of relaxation on @entity148 . The interventions offered independently of medical treatment proved to be significantly more effective for the outcome variable @entity148 . Relaxation seems to be equally effective for @entity1 undergoing different medical procedures (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, @entity221 ). According to these results relaxation training should be implemented into clinical routine for @entity5 @entity1 in acute medical treatment.

title: The effectiveness of relaxation training in reducing treatment-related symptoms and improving emotional adjustment in XXXX treatment: a meta-analytical review.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['acute non-surgical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several cross-reacting proteins have been identified as responsible of the co-occurrence of @entity2023 and plant-derived @entity5419 . This association has been mainly described in the birch-apple syndrome but other pollens such as @entity4135 and other fruits may also contain homologous proteins. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations between sensitization to allergens of @entity4135 pollen and confirmed plant-derived @entity5419 , in addition to investigate if any pattern of clinical @entity56 of @entity5419 ( @entity566 ( @entity566 ) or anaphylaxis) and/or any fresh fruit or nut @entity566 , are associated to one or several Olea pollen allergen(s). METHODS: One-hundred and thirty-four consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2023 by Olea were studied. Of these @entity1 only 40, reported adverse reaction to plant-derived food. Twenty-one (group A) were classified as @entity566 and 19 (group B) as anaphylaxis. Skin-tests with six Olea pollen allergens and several groups of fruits, were performed. Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), confirmed the diagnostics of @entity5419 with the exception of @entity1 who suffered previous anaphylactic reaction. RESULTS: All @entity1 , showed a positive skin prick test (SPT), against one or more of @entity4135 allergens. Sensitization to Ole e 7, was more frequent (P = 0.02) in @entity1 from group B. A total of 84 DBPCFC were performed with 44% positive results. Challenge confirmed at least the 50% of positive SPT in any case ( @entity2486 : 68.42%; pear: 50%; @entity2487 : 71.42% and kiwi: 53.84%). In @entity1 from group B, significant association with @entity4135 pollen allergens were found between positive SPT to Rosaceae fruits and Ole e 3 (P = 0.045) and Ole e 7 (P = 0.03); Cucurbitaceae and Ole e 7 (P = 0.03) and Actinidiaceae with Ole e 3 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study, establish a new spectrum of associations between pollens and plant-derived foods: sensitization to olive profilin (Ole e 2) is not more frequent in @entity566 @entity1 . @entity1 with anaphylactic reaction after eating fruit are also sensitized to Ole e 7, a LTP present in Olea pollen, and suffer pollinic symptoms. Finally a polcalcin (Ole e 3) could be also associated to Olea pollen respiratory and @entity5419 .

title: An allergen from XXXX pollen (Ole e 7) is associated with plant-derived food anaphylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollinosis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy reaction', 'food allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'allergy', 'oral allergy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4135 :: ('4146', 'Species') :: ['O. europaea', 'Olea europaea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity4135 :: (4146,Species) :: ['Olea europaea']


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity1 with repeated @entity5631 of the right shoulder was examined and treated arthroscopically. Plain radiographs indicated narrowing of the acromiohumeral interval (3 mm) with large acromial spur. Under fluoroscopic visualization, the impingement between the humeral head and the medial edge of the acromion was seen at 50 degrees abduction. The area of impingement of the humeral head seemed to be just medial to the greater tuberosity. Arthroscopically, a crater formation was seen at this site. Active @entity548 was seen at the center of the crater, which was interpreted as the principal cause of intra-articular @entity548 . The undersurface of the acromion was irregular because of the presence of osteophyte. At 50 degrees abduction, the crater impinged with the medial edge of the acromion. We assume that both the presence of osteophyte and the instability caused by the @entity717 cuff tear might contribute to the attrition of the humeral head. In this @entity1 , intra-articular @entity548 was successfully treated arthroscopically by coagulation of the @entity548 point with minimal abrasion of the undersurface of the acromion. We believe that the arthroscopy facilitated the clinical management of the repeated @entity5631 with @entity717 cuff tear.

title: Repeated @entity5631 with XXXX cuff tear.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['massive rotator']

entities_list: @entity5631 :: ('MESH:D006395', 'Disease') :: ['hemarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['massive rotator']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity66 and @entity1744 show @entity73 -related quality of life, however, the impact of @entity146 on health-related quality of life in @entity66 is unclear. AIM: To evaluate the effect of gluten-free diet adherence and @entity146 co-morbidity on health-related quality of life in @entity66 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1130 adults were enrolled in the study comprising 1001 controls from the general population and 129 diagnosed @entity66 @entity1 from the University Clinic in Cagliari. Irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms and health-related quality of life were assessed using the Rome II and the SF-36 questionnaires, respectively. RESULTS: Irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms prevalence in controls was 10.1% (102/1001) and 55% (71/129) in the @entity66 @entity1 . Irritable bowel syndrome-type symptom controls and @entity66 @entity1 both presented significantly lower health-related quality of life (p<or=0.05) compared to healthy controls. Strict diet @entity66 @entity1 , compared to partial diet @entity1 , showed significantly (p<or=0.05) better scores in all domains, except physical functioning, physical-role and bodily @entity158 . The lowest scores were found in partial diet @entity66 @entity1 with @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: The present results confirm the burden of @entity146 and @entity66 on health-related quality of life. Moreover, these data show that health-related quality of life in @entity66 is impaired by poor compliance and by co-morbidity with @entity146 .

title: Effect of gluten-free diet and co-morbidity of @entity146 on health-related quality of life in adult coeliac XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'adult coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired health']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mutable bacterial cells are defective in their DNA repair system and often have a phenotype different from that of their wild-type counterparts. In @entity1 bacterial pathogens, the mutable and hypermutable phenotypes are often associated with general antibiotic resistance. Here, we quantified the occurrence of mutable cells in @entity3437 viridiflava, a phytopathogenic bacterium in the @entity3437 complex with a broad host range and capacity to live as a saprophyte. Two phenotypic variants (transparent and mucoid) were produced by this bacterium. The transparent variant had a mutator phenotype, showed general antibiotic resistance and could not induce disease on the plant species tested (bean). In contrast, the mucoid variant did not display mutability or resistance to antibiotics and was capable of inducing disease on bean. Both the transparent and mucoid variants were less fit when grown in   vitro, whereas, in   planta, both of the variants and wild-types attained similar population densities. Given the importance of the @entity5498 -directed mismatch repair system (MMR) in the occurrence of mutable and hypermutable cells in @entity1 bacterial pathogens, we investigated whether mutations in mut genes were associated with mutator transparent cells in P.   viridiflava. Our results showed no mutations in MMR genes in any of the P.   viridiflava cells tested. Here, we report that a high mutation rate and antibiotic resistance are inversely correlated with pathogenicity in P.   viridiflava, but are not associated with mutations in MMR. In addition, P.   viridiflava variants differ from variants produced by other phytopathogenic bacteria in the absence of reversion to the wild-type phenotype.

title: Mutability in XXXX viridiflava as a programmed balance between antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity.

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas', 'P.   syringae']

answer: @entity3437 :: (317,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 has diverged in parallel to its @entity1 host, leading to distinct phylogeographic populations. Recent evidence suggests that in the current @entity1 mixing in Latin America, European @entity1534 (hpEurope) are increasingly dominant at the expense of Amerindian haplotypes (hspAmerind). This phenomenon might occur via DNA recombination, modulated by @entity262 ( @entity262 ), in which differences in @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) and in active methylases will determine direction and frequency of gene flow. We hypothesized that genomes from hspAmerind strains that evolved from a small founder population have lost @entity3337 for @entity262 and active methylases, promoting hpEurope's DNA invasion. We determined the observed and expected frequencies of @entity3337 for @entity262 in DNA from 7 @entity1534 whole genomes and 110 multilocus sequences. We also measured the number of active methylases by resistance to in vitro digestion by 16 restriction enzymes of genomic DNA from 9 hpEurope and 9 hspAmerind strains, and determined the direction of DNA uptake in co-culture experiments of hspAmerind and hpEurope strains. RESULTS: Most of the @entity3337 were underrepresented with consistency between whole genomes and multilocus sequences. Although neither the frequency of @entity3337 nor the number of active methylases differ among the bacterial populations (average 8.6    2.6), hspAmerind strains had a restriction profile distinct from that in hpEurope strains, with 15 recognition sites accounting for the differences. Amerindians strains also exhibited higher transformation rates than European strains, and were more susceptible to be subverted by larger DNA hpEurope-fragments than vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: The geographical variation in the pattern of @entity3337 provides evidence for ancestral differences in @entity262 representation and function, and the transformation findings support the hypothesis of Europeanization of the Amerindian strains in Latin America via DNA recombination.

title: Phylogeographic evidence of cognate recognition site patterns and transformation efficiency differences in XXXX : theory of strain dominance.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['restriction-modification systems', 'RMS']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['cognate recognition sites', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['H. pylori']


abstract: Ontogeny of serum and anterior pituitary gland PRL contents was investigated. Pituitary PRL concentrations were found to be low in fetus by 19th day of gestation and to rise slowly after birth with no sex differences being apparent until day 30. Adult levels were reached in males on day 15, while in females they were reached beyond this stage. Serum PRL levels exhibited a similar developmental pattern. In adult @entity35 ether stress stimulated basal serum PRL significantly, with maximum effect one minute after onset of stress. The same pattern was seen with immature animals of 15-20 and 30 days of age. In contrast, in 2 or 6 day-old neonates, serum PRL concentrations remained unaffected by stress. This lack of responsiveness suggests the existence of a transient @entity73 to respond to stressful stimuli during postnatal life. Adrenalectomy increased PRL release in adult and newborn @entity35 from day 15 onward and potentiated the response of lactotrophs. Moreover, after adrenalectomy, 6 day-old @entity35 became sensitive to ether stress, while acute treatment with @entity619 abolished completely this response. In adult or 15 day-old neonates administration of @entity1218 or @entity3216 resulted in a marked increase in serum PRL levels. However, at 6 days @entity1218 did not affect resting serum PRL concentrations significantly, whereas @entity3216 remained efficient. Moreover, at this age, @entity935 inhibited stress-induced PRL release and reduced the stimulatory effect of @entity3216 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Impairment of stress-induced secretion of prolactin during development: effects of adrenalectomy, XXXX and @entity3216 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of lactotrophs']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1218 :: (CHEBI:35940,Chemical) :: ['TRH']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, stability, and predictability of implanting a collagen polymer (Staar Collamer), posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (IOL) to correct @entity1714 and @entity3467 . SETTING: Centre for Advanced Refractive Eye Surgery at the BMI Alexandra Hospital, Cheadle, Manchester, United Kingdom. METHODS: A Staar Collamer posterior chamber phakic IOL was implanted in 25 eyes of 14 @entity1 with a mean age of 37.9 years (range 20 to 50 years). Seven @entity1 were @entity1 and seven, @entity1 . Sixteen were myopic and 9, hyperopic. Before treatment, each @entity1 had a thorough evaluation including refractive, general, ocular, and social and personal histories. The examination included visual acuity, refraction, tonometry, topography, biometry, biomicroscopy, pupil size in dim illumination, and posterior segment evaluation by a vitreoretinal specialist. @entity1 were informed about the surgical process and expected outcome, their own expectations were discussed, and their consent to surgery was obtained. Surgical implantation was performed through a less than 3.0 mm clear corneal sutureless incision using brief general anesthesia on a day-case surgical basis. RESULTS: At 3 months postoperatively, all eyes had a significant increase in uncorrected visual acuity, allowing all but two @entity1 (three eyes) to manage most activities without spectacles. Adjustment by incisional corneal surgery was planned for undercorrected @entity735 (n = 3). @entity726 and @entity2118 occurred in one @entity1 each. CONCLUSION: In this short-term study, the posterior chamber phakic IOL was predictable, safe, and efficacious in the correction of myopic and hyperopic @entity2516 , with good refractive stability. Long-term follow-up is required to validate that the absence of significant complications in most @entity1 is a lasting phenomenon.

title: Staar Collamer posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens to correct XXXX and @entity3467 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Pupil block glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigment deposits']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test a low-intensity physician's office-based intervention strategy using @entity1 urine @entity4874 measurements, aimed at reducing @entity1 exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke. DESIGN: A randomized intervention trial. SETTING: Offices of 28 physicians (pediatricians and family practitioners) and two hospital-based clinics in the Greater Portland, Me, area. @entity1 : @entity1 brought to the physician by a parent (usually the mother) for an initial well- @entity1 visit. A total of 518 of these @entity1 and their mothers consented to provide information about household smoking habits and to provide a sample of the @entity1 's urine for biochemical analysis. SELECTION PROCEDURE: From among the consecutive sample of 518 enrolled mother/ @entity1 pairs, 103 mothers reported that they smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day, and these were randomized on an individual basis for intervention (52 pairs) or control (51 pairs). Randomization took place at the study center when the @entity1 's urine sample and information about household smoking habits were received. INTERVENTION: The physician telephoned the mother to report the urine @entity4874 result and to explain its meaning. The physician then signed and sent an individualized form letter to the mother, providing specific recommendations for changing household smoking habits. RESULTS: Follow-up urine @entity4874 measurements were obtained in 27 (52%) of 52 @entity1 from the intervention group and in 29 (57%) of the 51 controls 2 months later. The mean log ratio of the follow-up to initial urine @entity4874 measurements was 6% lower in the intervention group than in the control group. This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The low-intensity intervention strategy did not significantly influence @entity1 exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke in the household.

title: An unsuccessful XXXX -assisted intervention strategy to reduce environmental @entity286 smoke exposure during infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity4874 :: (MESH:D003367,Chemical) :: ['cotinine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exposure to stressful or traumatic events is associated with increased vulnerability to @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). This vulnerability may be partly mediated by effects of stress on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and associated circuitry. The PFC mediates critical cognitive functions, including @entity73 , which reflects an organism's ability to adaptively alter behavior in light of changing contingencies. Prior work suggests that chronic or acute stress exerts complex effects on different forms of @entity73 , via actions on the PFC. Similarly, @entity550 is reported in @entity1005 , as are executive function deficits. Animal models that permit study of the effects of stress/ @entity130 on @entity73 may be useful in illuminating ways in which stress-linked cognitive changes contribute to @entity1005 . Here, we examined the behavioral effects of a rodent model of @entity1005 - @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) - on performance of two forms of @entity73 : reversal learning and strategy set-shifting. @entity1162 did not impair acquisition of either a response or @entity227 but did cause @entity73 in the retrieval of the visual-cue rule. During response discrimination reversal, @entity1162 @entity35 made more perseverative errors. In comparison, during set-shifting from the visual-cue to response discrimination, @entity1162 @entity35 did not show enhanced perseveration, but did display increased never-reinforced errors, indicative of impairment in selecting a novel strategy. These data demonstrate that @entity1162 leads to a complex and intriguing pattern of deficits in flexible responding and suggest that impairments in executive functioning associated with @entity1005 could, in part, be a neuro-cognitive consequence of @entity130 exposure.

title: Alterations in @entity73 in a XXXX model of @entity1005 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-cue discrimination']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['PFC dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility', 'slight impairments']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['single prolonged stress', 'SPS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of @entity726 in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: All subjects were @entity1 in the Melbourne @entity227 Project (Melbourne VIP), a population-based prevalence @entity2194 that included residential and nursing home populations. Each @entity1 underwent a standardized eye examination, which included a Humphrey Visual Field test, applanation tonometry, fundus examination including fundal photographs, and a medical history interview. @entity726 status was determined by a masked assessment and consensus adjudication of visual fields, optic disc photographs, intraocular pressure, and @entity726 history. RESULTS: A total of 3271 @entity1 (83% response rate) participated in the residential Melbourne VIP. The overall prevalence rate of definite primary @entity1538 in the residential population was 1.7% (95% confidence limits = 1.21, 2.21). Of these, 50% had not been diagnosed previously. Only two @entity1 (0.1%) had primary @entity2747 and six @entity1 (0.2%) had @entity726 . The prevalence of @entity726 increased steadily with age from 0.1% at ages 40 to 49 years to 9.7% in @entity1 aged 80 to 89 years. There was no relationship with gender. The authors examined 403 (90.2% response rate) nursing home residents. The age standardized rate for this component was 2.36% (95% confidence limits = 0, 4.88). CONCLUSION: The rate of @entity726 in Melbourne rises significantly with age. With only half of @entity1 being diagnosed, @entity726 is a major eye health problem and will become increasingly important as the population ages.

title: The prevalence of XXXX in the Melbourne @entity227 Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['study of eye disease']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual Impairment']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'secondary glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: AIMS: To establish the relationship between socio-economic status and the prevalence of known @entity164 2 @entity6 , cardiovascular risk factors and chronic @entity2412 . METHODS: In 2000, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 61 general practitioners (GPs) who studied 65 651 @entity1 older than 24 years. Of those, 2985 known @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 were registered. The main outcome measures were: @entity6 prevalence, major cardiovascular risk factors, chronic @entity2412 and primary care services utilization in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Socio-economic status was based on area-based socio-economic measures. RESULTS: The prevalence of known @entity164 2 @entity6 was higher in @entity1 of lower socio-economic status (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.77-2.28), especially among @entity1 (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.91-2.73). In @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 , @entity28 , sedentary lifestyle, and abnormal levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and HbA(1c) were more prevalent among those from lower socio-economic status. Macroangiopathy was inversely associated with socio-economic status after adjustment for clinical and demographic variables. @entity1 of lower socio-economic status more frequently visited primary care services than those of higher status. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows an association between deprivation and @entity2175 , cardiovascular risk factors and chronic @entity2412 in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Despite a greater use of health services by less wealthy @entity1 , they showed worse glycaemic control and more chronic complications. Besides clinical variables, socio-economic status and environmental information need to be considered in the assessment of risk profile of @entity6 @entity1 by health professionals and by health service planners.

title: Socio-economic inequalities in the prevalence of @entity164 2 XXXX , cardiovascular risk factors and chronic @entity2412 in the Basque Country, Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 diabetes prevalence']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Radiation therapy with positively charged particles implies that the Bragg peak be spread out to deliver a homogeneous dose to the @entity5 . The spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) has a higher linear energy transfer (LET) than the entrance beam. In addition, there is an LET gradient from proximal to distal SOBP. The aim of this study is to find out whether these small LET variations lead to differences in radiation response. @entity1 @entity320 cells (CAL4) were exposed to 65 MeV proton beams produced by the cyclotron Medicyc at five different positions: 2 mm depth corresponding to the entrance, 15, 20, 25 and 26.8 mm depth corresponding to four different positions in the half-modulated SOBP. Survival curves were generated using the in vitro colony method and fitted with the linear-quadratic model. Survival differences were observed at high doses; they were statistically significant at a dose of 8 Gy. With respect to the entrance position (2 mm), the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) at 1% survival was 1.09, 1.12, 1.19 and 1.27 at 15, 20, 25 and 26.8 mm in the SOBP, respectively. Whereas RBE values in the SOBP greater than 1.0 relative to the entrance beam represent a small biological advantage to be added to the well-known physical advantage of high energy proton beams; the RBE gradient along the SOBP would imply that the distal end of the @entity5 would receive a higher biologically equivalent dose than the proximal end, despite a homogeneous physical dose, especially at the high doses per fraction given in @entity320 . Although the increase in effectiveness with depth is mild, it should be kept in mind during eye treatment planning, in case a critical target is present at the extreme end of the SOBP.

title: The depth-dependent radiation response of @entity1 XXXX cells exposed to 65 MeV protons.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['ocular melanomas', 'melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of three different standard chemotherapy regimens for low-risk @entity1469 according to the FIGO staging system in a single-institute setting. METHODS: From 1980 until 2002, we retrospectively reviewed 108 cases with low-risk persistent @entity1469 who were treated with first-line chemotherapy. @entity1 were divided in three groups according to chemotherapy regimen: @entity1 treated with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 group; n=42), @entity1 treated with @entity4316 (ACT group; n=42) and @entity1 treated with @entity1499 and @entity4316 in combination (MACT group; n=24). We compared the number of chemotherapy courses for achieving remission, the duration of treatment, the adverse side effects, the efficacy of the treatment and the need for performing a hysterectomy among the groups RESULTS: The complete remission rates were 69%, 61.4% and 79.1% for @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), @entity4316 (ACT) and the combination regimen (MACT) treated groups, respectively (p=0.7). The duration of the treatment and the number of chemotherapy courses were similar among the groups (p=0.2 and p=0.4, respectively). Adverse side effects rate was reported to be 62.5% in the MACT group, 28.6% in the @entity1500 group and 19.1% in the ACT group (p=0.0003). Second-line chemotherapy was indicated for 30 @entity1 . Hysterectomy was performed in 21 @entity1 overall, and there was no difference among the groups (p=0.6). CONCLUSION: Our analysis indicates that single-agent chemotherapy regimens are as effective as combination chemotherapy for low-risk @entity1469 . @entity4316 is a less toxic drug and might offer the best cost-effective treatment option. @entity1499 must be considered as the regimen of choice for low resource areas because of the feasibility of its administration.

title: Treatment for low-risk XXXX : comparison of single-agent @entity1499 , @entity4316 and combination regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Dactinomycin', 'dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']


abstract: The ambrosia beetle, @entity429 koryoensis , is a vector of Korean oak wilt disease, which causes massive mortality of oak trees (mainly Quercus mongolica ) in Korea. So that a semiochemical-based control method could be developed, its aggregation pheromone was investigated. Whole body extract and body part extracts of male and female P. koryoensis were analysized using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All samples of male extracts contained @entity4661 , neral, @entity4661 , and geranial. Those compounds were detected from female whole body extract as minor constituents and not detected from any female body part extracts. In addition to those compounds, @entity58793 was detected from the extract of boring dust produced by an unmated male. However, none of the five compounds were detected from the extract of boring dust produced by mated males and females or in artificial sawdust obtained from a beetle-infected Q. mongolica log. Male and female antennae of P. koryoensis responded to all five compounds in an electroantennography test. The blend of five components was tested in the field and attractive for male and female P. koryoensis. This result suggested that the blend of @entity58793 , @entity4661 , neral, @entity4661 , and geranial served as an aggregation pheromone to P. koryoensis.

title: Male-produced aggregation pheromone blend in XXXX koryoensis.

entities_list: @entity58793 :: ('MESH:C007078', 'Chemical') :: ['citronellol']

entities_list: @entity4661 :: ('MESH:C007836', 'Chemical') :: ['nerol', 'geraniol']

answer: @entity429 :: (9258,Species) :: ['Platypus']


abstract: Two micropropagated @entity415 cultivars, Goldrush and LP89221, were inoculated into sowing trays with either Glomus etunicatum or @entity30855 in a greenhouse. After 2 weeks, plantlets were transplanted into pots and roots were challenged 7 days later with Rhizoctonia solani. At different times after R. @entity281 , disease severity, mortality rate, root colonization levels, various growth parameters, and shoot mineral content were evaluated. In Goldrush, only inoculation with G. etunicatum led to a significant reduction in disease severity, ranging between 60.2% and 71.2%, on both shoot and crown. This decrease was not observed in LP89221. Compared with the control plantlets, inoculation of Goldrush with G. etunicatum or @entity30855 reduced significantly the mortality rate by 77% and 26%, respectively, whereas vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi did not significantly influence the mortality rate in LP89221. In Goldrush, inoculation with G. etunicatum significantly increased shoot fresh weight, root dry weight and the number of tubers produced per plant, whereas @entity30855 only significantly increased the number of tubers. Tuber and root fresh weights of both @entity415 cultivars were significantly reduced by R. @entity281 . However, R. solani-infected plantlets of both Goldrush and LP89221, inoculated with G. etunicatum, produced significantly greater tuber fresh weight than non-VAM plantlets. In R. solani-infected plantlets of Goldrush but not LP89221, G. etunicatum and @entity30855 increased root fresh weight by approximately 140.3% and 76.5%, respectively, compared with non-VAM plants. The @entity415 cultivars Goldrush and LP89221 responded differently to VAM fungal inoculation and to R. @entity281 in terms of shoot mineral content.

title: Effect of two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of micropropagated XXXX plantlets and on the extent of disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani.

entities_list: @entity30855 :: ('4876', 'Species') :: ['G. intraradices']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['solani infection']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate longitudinally prognostic factors for foot ulceration in a large population of @entity6 @entity1 with established @entity16 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A double-blind multicenter study of a potential new agent for @entity3949 provided the opportunity for this 1-year investigation since intervention demonstrated no efficacy in the condition. A total of 1,035 @entity1 with @entity2175 and @entity1723 were included. Inclusion criteria were vibration perception threshold (VPT) at the great toe > or = 25 V in at least one foot and < or = 50 V in both feet, normal peripheral circulation, and no previous foot ulceration. VPT and clinical components of the @entity3949 ( @entity2125 ) score were assessed at baseline and subsequent visits. RESULTS: After 1 year, the incidence of first foot ulcers for the total population was 7.2%. @entity16 parameters were the same between the treatment and placebo groups at baseline and were unchanged at 1 year; therefore, baseline data were combined for multiple regression analysis. VPT, age, and Michigan DPN scores for muscle strength and reflexes were significant independent predictors for first foot ulceration (P < 0.01). For each 1-U increase in VPT values at baseline, the hazard of the first foot ulcer increased by 5.6%. Similarly, for each 1-U increase in muscle strength and reflex components of the Michigan DPN scores, the hazard of the first foot ulcer increased by 5.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Tests of VPT and Michigan DPN scores for muscle strength and reflexes are useful clinical predictors for foot ulceration in @entity6 @entity1 with established @entity16 . The rate of subsequent ulceration in the following year was alarmingly high, however, despite standardized foot care education at baseline and regular follow-up visits.

title: Multicenter study of the incidence of and predictive risk factors for XXXX neuropathic foot ulceration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'Michigan diabetic polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A new surgical technique named triple-branched stent graft was developed and reported to have excellent clinical results for @entity1580 . However, we found some potential risks, in our experience, of this technique. We compared this technique with total arch replacement combined with stented @entity7105 trunk implantation in @entity1 with acute Stanford type A dissection. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with acute @entity1580 underwent surgical treatment from January to November 2010. These @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity1 with total arch replacement combined with stented @entity7105 trunk implantation (Group A, n = 22) and those with ascending aorta replacement combined with open placement of triple-branched stent graft (Group B, n = 16). RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was not different in the two groups (9.1 and 6.25%, respectively). Cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamp, circulation arrest, selective cerebral perfusion and low-body arrest times were shorter in Group B. Mechanical ventilation support, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospitalization time were not different in the two groups. The incidence of postoperative stent graft-related complications was significantly higher in Group B. Actuarial survival rates and freedom from reoperation during the follow-up did not differ in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The triple-branched stent graft technique truly has some advantages in simplifying the procedure and reducing the surgical time. However, this technique has some potential risks such as postoperative stent graft shifting or kinking, which may cause occlusion, @entity2333 . Long-term follow-up and further multicentre clinical trials are necessary to verify their use in this setting and the design of the grafts and surgical procedure should be further refined to reduce the incidence of stent graft complications.

title: Application of triple-branched stent graft for XXXX : potential risks.

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['Stanford type A aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disruption and malperfusion syndrome']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['Stanford type A aortic dissection']


abstract: Between 1985 and 1986, 109 consecutive @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 after clinical and standard electrocardiographic examination underwent electrophysiological investigation. In 61 cases (56%), 35 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 (mean age 69 +/- 13 years) no firm diagnosis could be made. These @entity1 were the study group. Underlying @entity299 was present in 23%, @entity453 in 10% of cases. In 33 cases, the basal ECG was normal (54%). Sixty @entity1 (one lost to follow-up) were studied over an average of 38 +/- 12 months. Global mortality and recurrence rate were 13 and 18% respectively. There were no sudden deaths in the 8 fatalities. The mechanism of the 17 recurrent @entity1163 was cardiac in 5 cases, vasovagal in 1 case, uncertain in 11 cases. Of the 5 cardiac @entity1163 , 3 were related to 3rd degree @entity713 occurring 7 to 49 months after the initial electrophysiological investigation. No predictive criteria of recurrence could be identified. Empiric treatment proposed to 28% of @entity1 did not prevent recurrent @entity1163 and did not improve global survival. Inconclusive electrophysiological investigation of @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 defines a population with a low risk of @entity944 . Recurrent @entity1163 is common. The recurrence of symptoms is an indication to repeat the aetiological investigations which should include a tilt-test ot another electrophysiological investigation. Empiric treatment has not been shown to be effective.

title: [Natural history of XXXX of undetermined origin with inconclusive electrophysiologic examination].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopes', 'syncope']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) have a reduced brain stem cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to age- and sex-matched controls. The brain stem is a common site of involvement in @entity15 . However, relatively few imaging studies have investigated brain stem @entity194 . METHODS: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on @entity1 and controls using a 1.5T MRI scanner with a quadrature head coil. Three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) images with 128 contiguous slices, covering the whole brain and brain stem and a T2-weighted image with  3 mm transverse contiguous images were acquired. We measured the brain stem CSA at three sites, the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata in 35 @entity3780 @entity1 and 35 controls using a semiautomated algorithm. CSA readings were normalized using the total external cranial volume to reduce normal population variance and increase statistical power. RESULTS: A significant CSA reduction was found in the midbrain (P  <= .001), pons (P  <= .001), and the medulla oblongata (P = .047) postnormalization. A CSA reduction of 9.3% was found in the midbrain, 8.7% in the pons, and 6.5% in the medulla oblongata. CONCLUSIONS: A significantly reduced, normalized brain stem CSA was detected in all areas of the brain stem of the @entity3780 @entity1 , when compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Lack of detectable upper cervical @entity194 in the same @entity1 suggests some independence of the @entity15 pathology in these regions.

title: MRI-Based Measurement of Brain Stem Cross-Sectional Area in Relapsing-Remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'cord atrophy']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: Drugs influencing monoaminergic pathways are of potential use in the treatment of @entity158 . A @entity750 re-uptake inhibitor, @entity903 (20-30 mg daily), and a @entity935 antagonist, @entity3216 (200-400 mg daily) were compared in a randomized, double-blind, response-conditional cross-over pilot study in 50 non- @entity308 @entity1 with chronic @entity2701 . @entity10 was scored daily on a 5-point verbal scale during 4-weeks baseline and during 8 weeks of treatment for each drug. A 5-point 'Global' assessment was obtained for each drug. In both treatment groups @entity10 score decreased compared to baseline. Group comparison of 24 @entity1 first treated with @entity903 and 24 @entity1 first treated with @entity3216 showed a non-significant trend in favor of @entity3216 by 'Global' evaluation and by evaluation of the available diary records (18 @entity903 -treated and 19 @entity3216 -treated). Cross-over analysis of 'Global' records from 20 @entity1 treated with @entity903 followed by @entity3216 and 17 @entity1 treated in the reverse order showed better relief from @entity3216 compared to @entity903 in @entity1 having tested both drugs (P = .03). A similar difference was reflected in available @entity10 scores (13 and 10 @entity1 respectively; P = .03). Predominant side effects were sedation and @entity308 , for @entity903 also @entity390 and @entity10 . None of the drugs improved @entity10 more than one score-point on average. A placebo controlled trial of @entity3216 may be warranted.

title: XXXX and @entity903 in the treatment of chronic @entity2701 . An explanatory double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['head pain', 'headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity3216 :: (MESH:D013469,Chemical) :: ['Sulpiride']


abstract: Culture of explants derived from third trimester @entity1 placenta is used in a range of contexts as an experimental model that retains tissue architecture. This study aimed to explore the variability between, and within, individuals of secretion by explants of @entity1 @entity1465 and @entity650 ( @entity650 ). Standard culture medium contained @entity701 , insulin, @entity1968 and serum. Under these conditions explants displayed significant differences in the time-course and extent of @entity1465 secretion. Peak @entity1465 secretion varied between 1.19 and 242 mIU/mg protein/h (coefficient of variation (CV) = 111%) and could occur between days 4 and 7 of culture. @entity1465 secretion was more variable if explant protein was < 400 microg. Unadjusted day 7 @entity1465 secretion showed marked variation: intra-placental CV = 15%, inter-placental CV = 86%. When day 7 @entity1465 secretion was standardised by day 6 secretion, intra-placental CV was 6.9%, inter-placental CV was 4.0%. When this standardisation was applied, @entity1465 secretion during day 7 of culture was not affected by removal of @entity701 , insulin or serum from the medium or by the addition of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ). The secretion of @entity650 during day 7 of culture (standardised by taking natural logarithms) was increased markedly by the addition of @entity310 but unaltered by removing @entity701 , insulin or serum. Thus, we have shown that although variable, secretion by placental explants can be used to investigate how placental tissue adapts to different culture conditions. However, explants of the same protein content may have markedly different secretory properties.

title: The extent and variability of effects of culture conditions on the secretion of @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin and XXXX by @entity1 , term placental explants in culture.

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['hCG', 'chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: Low concentrations of @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) elicit a specific response in @entity1 neutrophils, characterized by the production of @entity26 radicals and the release into the medium of a membrane-bound @entity563 proteinase (Pontremoli, S., Melloni, E., Michetti, M., Sacco, O., Sparatore, B., Salamino, F., Damiani, G. and Horecker, B. L. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 83, 1685-1689). The following evidence indicates that this response is mediated by membrane-bound protein kinase C: 1) it is blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C; and 2) it is enhanced in cells preloaded with leupeptin which prevents proteolysis of protein kinase C and its subsequent dissociation from the cell membrane. This response is not accompanied by significant exocytosis of granule enzymes. With higher concentrations of @entity4515 , and more particularly on stimulation with @entity5037 ( @entity14915 ) plus cytochalasin B, a substantial exocytosis of constituents of both specific and azurophil granules is observed. With fMLP, exocytosis of granule enzymes is the predominant event, with little production of @entity274 and negligible release of membrane-bound @entity563 proteinase. Exocytosis promoted either by a high concentration of @entity4515 or by fMLP is inhibited by leupeptin, indicating that it is due to the action of an intracellular @entity141 -dependent thiol proteinase (calpain), either directly or by conversion by calpain of membrane-bound protein kinase C to the soluble @entity141 /phospholipid-independent form. Intracellular mobilization of @entity141 is also observed following stimulation with either @entity4515 or fMLP, but only the latter results in a net increase in the intracellular concentration of free @entity141 ; under these conditions maximum exocytosis of granule contents is observed.

title: Biochemical responses in activated XXXX neutrophils mediated by protein kinase C and a @entity141 -requiring proteinase.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Expression of cyclins @entity14169 , as well as @entity8985 ( @entity8985 ), was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry in 455 @entity356 cases. Additional western blotting was performed for four @entity0 and four @entity356 cell lines and 35 fresh frozen @entity356 samples, to confirm the @entity4910 , D2, and @entity8985 data. @entity4910 was restricted to the nucleus of @entity5 cells with a few exceptions, whereas @entity17946 was present in both cell compartments, but predominantly in the cytoplasm. @entity8985 was intermediately expressed. @entity4910 was overexpressed in 93 cases (20.4 per cent) and @entity17946 in 105 (23.0 per cent). In the @entity17946 cases, this correlated with greater age (p=0.0004), better differentiation (p=0.0023), greater depth of @entity3 (p=0. 003), the presence of lymph node @entity3 (p=0.0014), vascular invasion by @entity5 cells (p< 0.0001), and poor prognosis (p< 0.0001), while @entity4910 did not correlate with any of these except age (p=0.00193). Multivariate analysis revealed @entity17946 overexpression to be an independent prognostic factor, in addition to depth of @entity3 and lymph node status. @entity8985 overexpression was linked to @entity4910 , but not @entity17946 overexpression. The results indicate that @entity17946 up-regulation plays an important role in the progression and prognosis of @entity356 independently of @entity8985 , whereas @entity4910 overexpression does not.

title: @entity17946 , but not XXXX , overexpression closely correlates with @entity356 progression and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity8985 :: ('1019', 'Gene') :: ['cdk4', 'cyclin-dependent kinase 4', 'Cdk4']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['cyclin D1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is an uncommon clinical situation and radiologically it can mimic @entity189 of the periampullary area. The aim of this paper is to study a series of 8 @entity1 who underwent surgery with preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic head mass and subsequent pathological diagnosis of @entity788 . METHODS: In our series, 6 were @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , with an average age of 51,9 years. Before surgery, all @entity1 had epigastric @entity490 requiring @entity1337 at high doses. The preoperative analytical @entity787 and @entity9495 19.9 were normal in all @entity1 . Imaging studies showed intrapancreatic solid lesions in 6 of the 8 @entity1 , and in the remaining 2 one papillary mass of 5 and 6cm, respectively, that caused @entity850 in the duodenal luz. EUS neoplastic cells were negative in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The immediate postoperative evolution was satisfactory, there are no complications. In our series, no @entity1 have died. The long-term follow-up, in 7 of the 8 @entity1 , has been excellent with disappearance of @entity490 and improvement of nutritional status. The remaining @entity1 had frequent recurrent episodes of @entity656 , and at 60 months, presented a pseudocyst that has required a Roux-en-Y cystojejunostomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity788 must be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity660 , which may include @entity189 of the periampullary area and other causes of chronic @entity788 .

title: @entity788 vs. XXXX : A review of 8 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Groove pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis', 'PS']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare @entity260 for single-stage surgery after mechanical bowel preparation in @entity1 who experienced obstruction and those who did not. METHODS: From 2000 to 2011, 1,224 @entity1 underwent a single-stage operation for left @entity14 after bowel preparation. Nonobstruction ( @entity32737 ) and obstruction (OB) @entity14 @entity1 were 1,053 (86.0%) and 171 (14.0%), respectively. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared between groups. RESULTS: The OB group had poor preoperative conditions (age, white blood cell, hemoglobin, albumin level, and advanced @entity5 stage) compared with the @entity32737 group (P < 0.05). Mean on-table lavage time for the OB group was 17.5 minutes (range, 14-60 minutes). Mean operation time for the OB group was statistically longer than that of the @entity32737 group (OB: 210 minutes; range, 120-480 minutes vs. @entity32737 : 180 minutes; range, 60-420 minutes; P < 0.001). Overall morbidity was similar between groups ( @entity32737 : 19.7% vs. OB: 23.4%, P = 0.259). Major morbidity was more common in the OB group than in the @entity32737 group, but the difference was without significance (OB: 11.7% vs. @entity32737 : 7.6%, P = 0.070). @entity204 occurred in 16 @entity1 (1.3%), and @entity204 in the OB group (n = 7) was significantly higher than it was in the @entity32737 group (n = 9) (4.1% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.001). Twelve @entity1 had surgical complications, which were the leading cause of @entity204 : @entity86 in five @entity1 and leakage in seven @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Postoperative morbidity for a single-stage operation for obstructive left @entity14 is comparable to that for @entity32737 , regardless of poor conditions of the @entity1 .

title: Comparative study of XXXX in @entity1 with and without an obstruction who had left-sided @entity14 and underwent a single-stage operation after mechanical bowel preparation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative death', 'postoperative death', 'death']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: We wished to assess the efficacy of inhaled @entity10453 (SML; 50 micrograms b.i.d.) compared to a combination of slow-release @entity2544 and @entity6850 p.o. (TK; T 300 mg+K 1 mg b.i.d.) for the treatment of nocturnal @entity565 . Ninety six @entity1 with nocturnal @entity565 , (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 60-90% of predicted value, reversibility > or = 15%, at least two nocturnal awakenings per week) were eligible for a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy cross-over study (14-day run-in, two successive 28-day treatment periods). Efficacy was assessed as success/failure, success being defined as the complete disappearance of nocturnal symptoms/awakening during the last week of each treatment period. There was a statistically significant difference between SML and TK for this criterion: 46% and 39% success with SML during periods I (first 28-day period) and II (following the cross-over), compared to only 15% and 26% with TK, respectively (p < 0.01). SML was also significantly better for the other criteria (lung function, rescue @entity3045 intake during day and night). Side-effects were five times less frequent in SML-treated @entity1 (p < 0.004). Efficacy and tolerance of SML were obviously far better than those of TK in @entity1 with nocturnal @entity565 .

title: @entity10453 versus slow-release @entity2544 combined with XXXX in nocturnal @entity565 : a multicentre trial. French Multicentre Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6850 :: ('MESH:D007665', 'Chemical') :: ['ketotifen']

answer: @entity6850 :: (MESH:D007665,Chemical) :: ['ketotifen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence is needed to guide NICU use of @entity10042 ( @entity10042 ), @entity5616 (Zantac), and @entity1769 (Reglan). As a step toward that goal, we conducted a historic cohort analysis of all @entity1 who received any of these medications in 4 Intermountain Healthcare NICUs during the year 2006. SUBJECTS: Data were obtained from all @entity1 admitted between January 1 and December 31, 2006, to any of 4 Intermountain Healthcare NICUs. DESIGN: This was a retrospective descriptive design. METHODS: Data were obtained from electronic pharmacy records and electronic medical records. The NICUs involved were blinded and included McKay-Dee Hospital Center, Ogden, Utah; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah; Utah Valley Regional Medical Center, Provo, Utah; and Dixie Regional Medical Center, St George, Utah. RESULTS: Although the demographics of the @entity1 at the 4 centers were similar, significant differences were seen among the centers in drug use patterns. @entity10042 use ranged from a high of 17% of @entity1 in one center to a low of 7% of @entity1 in another. @entity5616 use ranged from 9% in one center to 1% in another. @entity1769 use ranged from 9% of @entity1 in one center to <1% in another. CONCLUSIONS: The extreme variability among the centers in use patterns of these 3 medications suggests lack of an adequate evidence base to guide practice and indicates that case controlled studies or random controlled trials are needed to devise a consistent evidence-based approach.

title: @entity10042 , @entity5616 , and XXXX : comparison of practice patterns at 4 level III NICUs within one healthcare system.

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['Metoclopramide', 'metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['Prevacid', 'lansoprazole', 'Lansoprazole']

answer: @entity1769 :: (MESH:D008787,Chemical) :: ['metoclopramide']


abstract: MRI is an important additional tool in the diagnostic work-up of @entity1 with @entity299 . This review aims to summarise the role MRI has in this @entity1 population. Echocardiography remains the main diagnostic tool in @entity299 . In specific situations, MRI is used for anatomical imaging of @entity299 . This includes detailed assessment of intracardiac anatomy with 2-D and 3-D sequences. MRI is particularly useful for assessment of retrosternal structures in the heart and for imaging large vessel anatomy. Functional assessment includes assessment of ventricular function using 2-D cine techniques. Of particular interest in @entity299 is assessment of right and single ventricular function. Two-dimensional and newer 3-D techniques to quantify flow in these @entity1 are or will soon become an integral part of quantification of shunt size, valve function and complex flow patterns in large vessels. More advanced uses of MRI include imaging of cardiovascular function during stress and tissue characterisation of the myocardium. Techniques used for this purpose need further validation before they can become part of the daily routine of MRI assessment of @entity299 .

title: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIMS: To assess whether four proxy measures of @entity1144 (waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); waist-to-height ratio and C index, a measure of body shape) were uniformly associated with features of the @entity209 ( @entity1674 , high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , 2-h @entity413 ) in three ethnic groups. METHODS: Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected in 629 Europeans (320 @entity1 , 309 @entity1 ), 380 Chinese (183 @entity1 , 197 @entity1 ) and 597 South Asians (275 @entity1 , 322 @entity1 ) aged 25-64 years in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Linear regression models were used to determine whether relationships differed between ethnic groups. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis showed that most proxy measures of @entity1144 were associated with features of the @entity209 . There were significant interactions between WHR and ethnicity and C index and ethnicity in the relationship with log @entity1674 when comparing European and Chinese @entity1 . Interactions existed between all proxy measures and ethnicity in the relationship with log @entity1674 and HDL @entity165 when comparing European and South Asian @entity1 . In @entity1 , interactions between ethnicity and waist circumference, WHR and C index when comparing Europeans and South Asians, and between ethnicity and WHR and C index when comparing South Asian and Chinese for log 2-h @entity413 were significant (P < 0.001). All interactions remained significant when differences in smoking, @entity167 and physical activity were taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: Not all the proxy measures of @entity1144 were consistently related to features of the @entity209 across the ethnic groups studied. However, waist circumference and waist to height ratio were the most consistent and WHR the least when comparing across the ethnic groups.

title: A comparison of proxy measures of XXXX in Chinese, European and South Asian adults.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesity']