abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adolescents with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) are at high risk for driving accidents. One dose of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) improves simulator driving performances of @entity71 -diagnosed adolescents at 1.5 hours post-dose. However, little is known about the effects of different @entity7541 delivery profiles on driving performance throughout the day. METHOD: This randomized, crossover, single-blind study compared osmotic, controlled-release oral system (OROS) @entity7541 (Concerta) given q.d. to immediate-release @entity7541 ( @entity2727 ) given in equal doses t.i.d. on driving performance among six male @entity71 -diagnosed adolescent drivers aged 16 to 19 years. Under each treatment condition, @entity1 were maintained on their medication dosage for 7 days, then drove a sophisticated driving simulator at 2 p.m., 5 p.m., 8 p.m., and 11 p.m. The primary outcome measure was each @entity1 's computer-quantified @entity73 ( @entity73 ). RESULTS: @entity73 worsened in the evenings for @entity1 receiving @entity7541 t.i.d. but remained stable when they received once-daily OROS @entity7541 . @entity1 performed significantly better when receiving OROS @entity7541 q.d. compared with @entity7541 t.i.d. (F = 9.3, df = 1, p =.004). When @entity7541 was given t.i.d., @entity73 significantly worsened beginning at 8 p.m. compared to OROS @entity7541 (p =.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 demonstrated significantly less variability and better driving performance when receiving OROS @entity7541 q.d. compared to @entity7541 t.i.d., particularly in the evenings.

title: Impact of XXXX delivery profiles on driving performance of adolescents with @entity71 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired Driving Score', 'IDS']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder', 'ADHD']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate', 'Ritalin']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: The distribution and the frequency of occurrence of nine types of gut endocrine cells were revealed using immunohistochemical methods in eight portions from the gastrointestinal tract of the @entity1573 ( @entity1573 domestica). In the proventriculus, @entity1943 - and @entity21439 ( @entity21439 )-immunoreactive cells were commonly found. @entity750 -, pancreatic glucagon-, and enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells were uncommon. Avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-immunoreactive cells were rare. In the gizzard, numerous @entity21439 -, and a small number of @entity1943 -immunoreactive cells were observed. The pyloric region was characterized by the presence of abundant gastrin-, @entity1943 -, and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells. Numerous @entity750 -immunoreactive cells were detected in all portions of the intestine. Moderate numbers of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were detected in all portions of the intestine except for the cecum. A few gastrin- and @entity1943 -immunoreactive cells were detected in the duodenum and jejunum. A small number of pancreatic glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected in the jejunum and ileum. Enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected in the small intestine in increasing numbers forwards the ileum. @entity21440 -immunoreactive cells were rare in the small intestine.

title: An immunohistochemical study on the distribution of endocrine cells in the XXXX gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity21439 :: ('425213(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['GRP', 'gastrin-releasing polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['Gallus gallus var', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: We have reviewed 22 @entity1 with @entity1143 seen over a 17-year period. The mean duration of exposure to @entity1355 was 5.5 years and the mean interval between exposure and presentation was 16.3 years. In five the effusion was asymptomatic. Fever was uncommon but in 15 of 21 @entity1 the ESR was elevated. Leucocytosis was noted in seven of 20 @entity1 . Autoantibodies were rarely detected. The pleural fluid was usually blood-stained and the volume aspirated was rarely larger than 500 ml. Pleural biopsies revealed established @entity82 and/or inflammatory infiltration with fibrinous exudate and mesothelial and fibroblastic proliferation. A positive mantoux test was noted in eight of 12 @entity1 but there was no other evidence of @entity378 . The mean duration to spontaneous resolution of the effusion was 4.3 months. During a follow-up period of 28.1 years from initial exposure to @entity1355 (mean 22.8 years) and up to 17.2 years from initial presentation with a @entity1143 (mean 6.3 years) seven @entity1 had a single recurrence and only one @entity1 had multiple @entity1143 . Only three @entity1 experienced persistent @entity158 . It was not possible to predict the likelihood of recurrence of an effusion or the persistence of @entity158 from the data at presentation. No @entity1 subsequently developed @entity2615 or other @entity5 .

title: XXXX : diagnosis and course.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions', 'benign asbestos pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['pleural fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pleural pain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['Benign asbestos pleural effusion']


abstract: A 54-year-old white @entity1 with a remote history of @entity2038 reported @entity227 ( @entity227 ) in the left eye on standing. The following week he experienced multiple similar episodes. He denied associated systemic symptoms. Initial examination showed old peripheral @entity989 and delayed retinal arterial filling time. Complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and MRI studies of the head and neck were normal. One week later, there were multiple @entity2708 wool spots in the posterior pole, a relative afferent @entity2194 . Evaluation for @entity166 , inflammatory, or embolic etiologies was nonrevealing. Biopsy of the prominent but nontender temporal arteries showed @entity32 , fragmentation, and duplication of the internal elastic lamina consistent with the @entity226 ( @entity226 ). Radiography and MRI of the chest revealed dilation of the ascending aorta. The @entity1 began treatment with high-dose oral @entity230 with resolution of his @entity227 and retinal @entity2708 wool spots and decrease in the size of the temporal arteries. Our case demonstrates the importance of considering @entity226 in the setting of @entity227 , @entity227 , @entity2708 wool spots, or dilated nontender temporal arteries in an otherwise asymptomatic @entity1 even with normal inflammatory markers. Long-term follow-up is essential in unusual cases such as this one, given the high risk of ocular and systemic morbidity with @entity226 .

title: Occult @entity226 in a 54-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['TMVL', 'visual loss', 'transient monocular visual loss']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect, and subtle visual field loss in the left eye']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['temporal arteritis', 'TA']

entities_list: @entity2038 :: ('MESH:D015868', 'Disease') :: ['pars planitis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular sheathing']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The records of twenty-six @entity1 with both symptomatic @entity739 and classic @entity739 were reviewed to determine the efficacy of various @entity4545 dosages and time of initiation of therapy. Mean age of infantile @entity2473 onset was 6.4 months. Most @entity1 (13) had sustained perinatal @entity63 . Seventeen @entity1 (65%) had complete cessation of @entity2473 . Between these responders and the 9 nonresponders there was no difference in duration of @entity2473 prior to treatment (2.6 and 2.0 months) or mean @entity4545 dose (87.4 and 84.5 U/m2, respectively). @entity1 treated with high-dose @entity4545 (> 100 U/m2) did not have an improved response rate. The most favorable outcomes were associated with @entity2473 onset at > 8 months of age (all of whom were responders, regardless of dose) or when treatment was started within 1 month of onset of @entity739 with > 80 U/m2 @entity4545 (88% responders). @entity1 treated more than 2 months after onset often did not respond (57%) regardless of dose. Nonresponders with @entity2473 onset at < 4 months of age had the worst prognoses; all had poorly controlled @entity410 and regressed developmentally. Although all @entity1 in the study were neurologically abnormal, development either improved or did not deteriorate in most responder @entity1 following @entity2473 resolution and one-half remained @entity410 free. Nonresponder @entity1 continued to have @entity739 or other @entity410 types. These data suggest that @entity4545 is valuable in the treatment of significantly impaired @entity1 with symptomatic @entity739 , but the most important determinants of outcome may be age of onset and rapidity of treatment rather than dosage.

title: Therapeutic efficacy of @entity4545 in symptomatic @entity739 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic insults']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia', 'infantile spasms']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['hypsarrhythmia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a province-wide audit of @entity1 undergoing treatment for @entity5 in British Columbia in 1996, the 4-year rate of pelvic recurrence for stage 3 @entity5 was 27%. The management guidelines were changed in 2002 to include adjuvant short-course preoperative radiation and total mesorectal excision surgical techniques. Education workshops were held to implement the protocol change. METHODS: We performed a provincial audit of @entity5 cases for @entity1 treated in the year after the protocol change, and we compared the pelvic recurrence rates with those from the audit performed in 1996. RESULTS: During a 12-month period beginning @entity3871 , 2003, a total of 367 @entity1 underwent radical resection of @entity5 with a curative intent. Preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy was used in 54% of cases (197/367). Median follow-up was 34.5 months, and 91% of @entity1 were followed for at least 2 years. Relative to the 1996 cohort, there was a decreasing trend in 2-year overall pelvic recurrence rates in the 2003/04 cohort (9.6% v. 6.9%) and a significant decrease in recurrence among @entity1 with stage 3 @entity5 (18.2% v. 9.2%; p = 0.020). Use of adjuvant radiation increased significantly (37% v. 65%; p < 0.001), and negative radial margins were achieved in 87% (319/367) of cases. CONCLUSION: The rates of pelvic recurrence were improved after changes in the management guidelines advocating increased use of total mesorectal excision surgery and preoperative radiation. Knowledge translation with an integrated strategy among surgeons and medical and radiation oncologists was successful in improving population outcomes among @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Effects of change in XXXX management on outcomes in British Columbia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The molecular, endoscopic, and histological features of @entity8787 -associated @entity14 differ from @entity14 . The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinical features, and prognosis of @entity8787 -associated @entity14 compared to @entity1 with @entity14 in a US statewide population-based cohort. METHODS: All newly diagnosed cases of @entity14 between 1996 and 2011 were obtained from Utah Cancer Registry. @entity8787 was identified using a previously validated algorithm, from statewide databases of Intermountain Healthcare, University of Utah Health Sciences, and the Utah Population Database. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with @entity8787 -associated @entity5 and Cox regression for differences in survival. RESULTS: Among 12,578 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity14 , 101 (0.8%) had a prior history of @entity8787 (61 @entity31 and 40 @entity30 ). The mean age at @entity14 diagnosis was greater for @entity1 without @entity8787 than those with @entity8787 (67.1 vs 52.8  years, P  <  0.001). Individuals with @entity8787 -associated @entity14 were more likely to be @entity1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.90, 95% CI 1.23-2.92), aged less than 65  years (OR 6.77, 95% CI 4.06-11.27), and have @entity14 located in the proximal colon (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.85-4.20) than those with @entity14 . Nearly 20% of the @entity8787 -associated CRCs had evidence of @entity991 . After adjustment for age, gender, and stage at diagnosis, the excess hazard of death after @entity14 diagnosis was 1.7 times higher in @entity8787 than in non- @entity8787 @entity1 (95% CI 1.27-2.33). CONCLUSIONS: The features of @entity1 with @entity14 and @entity8787 differ significantly from those without @entity8787 and may be associated with increased mortality.

title: XXXX in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Population-Based Study in Utah.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'sporadic CRC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) has been proved to be safe and effective for removal of @entity2910 originating from the muscularis propria (MP) layer. However, there are still technical challenges for @entity5 >= 35  mm due to the limited space of the submucosal tunnel. The aim of the study was to estimate the safety and efficacy of STER for large @entity2910 originating from the MP layer as well as compare its efficacy with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), which is a standard procedure for treating @entity2910 . METHODS: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of the @entity1 with @entity2910 of 35-55  mm who underwent STER or VATS at our hospital between January 2010 and December 2014. Epidemiological data (gender, age), @entity5 location, @entity5 size, procedure-related parameters, complications, length of stay and cost were compared between STER and VATS. RESULTS: A total of 31 @entity1 were enrolled, and 18 @entity1 underwent STER and the other 13 received VATS. There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, age, @entity5 location, @entity5 size, complications and rate of en bloc resection (P  >  0.05). However, @entity1 in the STER groups had a shorter operation time, a less decrease in hemoglobin level, a shorter length of hospital stay and a decreased cost (P  <  0.05). No recurrence was noted in the STER and VATS groups during a mean follow-up of 10.9 and 30.8  months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment efficacy was comparable between the STER and VATS for @entity2910 of 35-55  mm. However, STER is superior to VATS in a shorter operation time, a less decrease in hemoglobin level, a shorter length of hospital stay and a decreased cost.

title: Comparison between submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for large XXXX originating from the muscularis propria layer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['esophageal leiomyoma']


abstract: The effects of thiopental on the insulin release and 86Rb efflux from isolated @entity35 islets and on parameters of the electrical activity of single beta-cells of @entity19 were studied. Thiopental 0.2 and 1.0 mM increased by 16.6 and 33.3%, respectively, the insulin release induced by 6.0 mM @entity413 . Thiopental reduced the 86Rb efflux rate in both 0 and 6.0 mM @entity413 , but had only a slight effect in 16.7 mM @entity413 . @entity8197 (20 microM) did not block the inhibitory effect of thiopental on 86Rb efflux. Thiopental induced a reversible membrane depolarization in a dose-dependent manner (0.2-1.0 mM). It also induced electrical activity at a subthreshold @entity413 concentration and continuous spiking in presence of 11.1 mM @entity413 . In the presence of @entity3212 (20 microM) this continuous spiking was changed to an oscillatory activity similar to that induced by 11.1 mM @entity413 . Thiopental (0.5 mM) induced an increase in input resistance of 12.7, 17.9 and 16.0% in 0, 5.6 and 11.1 mM @entity413 , respectively. The thiopental-induced changes in insulin secretion, 86Rb efflux and electrical parameters indicate that K+ permeability was affected in both @entity35 and @entity19 beta-cells. Our results suggest that thiopental is a direct inhibitor of the @entity413 -sensitive K+ permeability in the beta-cell.

title: Thiopental inhibits K+ permeability of XXXX and @entity19 pancreatic beta-cells.

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['Menadione']

entities_list: @entity3212 :: ('MESH:D019297', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity235 with chronic @entity75 and histopathology typical of @entity3830 ( @entity3830 ) is unclear. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: We report herein 21 @entity235 with @entity75 and lupus-specific histopathology that we propose to be affected with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), another variant of chronic @entity3830 . METHODS: Inclusion criteria were the presence of the following: (i) a >2 month history of chronic or recurrent @entity272 ; (ii) erosions or @entity1066 predominating at mucosae or mucocutaneous junctions; (iii) microscopic lesions of @entity3830 (i.e. a lymphocyte-rich interface @entity1909 with basal keratinocyte damage); and (iv) a lack of complete remission following antimicrobials. Clinical questionnaires and skin biopsies were reviewed. Direct immunofluorescence and antinuclear antibody serology were performed whenever possible. RESULTS: More than half of the 21 @entity235 were German shepherds or their crosses. The disease affected mostly @entity235 in their mid-adulthood and there was an over-representation of females. Erosions and @entity1066 predominated at genital/perigenital and anal/perianal areas, with a lower frequency of involvement of periocular, perioral and perinasal regions. In these @entity235 , there were no clinical signs suggestive of an associated @entity1252 . @entity75 were specific for @entity3830 , but they were patchy and often infected with bacteria. The most common immunological finding was focal IgG deposition at the basement membrane zone. Lesions responded to varying interventions, but oral glucocorticoids led to a shorter time to complete remission. Relapses were common upon treatment tapering. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These observations support @entity1252 being another variant of @entity235 @entity3830 .

title: @entity1252 in XXXX (21 cases).

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous erosive lesions', 'Microscopic lesions', 'juxtamucosal erosive lesions']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'MCLE', 'mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus', 'CLE']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate in healthy normal Dutch @entity1 the age-associated changes in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and the effect on bone mass of the menopause and potential risk factors. METHODS: In 260 healthy Dutch @entity1 @entity79 was measured in the lumbar spine and three regions of the proximal femur (Ward's triangle, femoral neck and trochanter), using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on age, reproductive history and gynaecological status, height, weight and consumption of @entity286 and @entity167 . RESULTS: In 125 premenopausal @entity1 a small age-related @entity604 was observed at both the lumbar spine and proximal femur, while in postmenopausal @entity1 (n = 135) a 2-3 times higher age-related loss was observed. Expressed in years since the menopause this postmenopausal loss was found to be exponential (p < 0.001). After adjustment for age there appears to be a relationship between actual age of menopause and @entity79 at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. After adjustment for age and actual age of menopause we observed a small negative effect of breastfeeding, whereas parity, current @entity167 use and smoking showed no additional effect on @entity79 in this cohort. For all @entity1 (n = 260) a highly significant correlation between @entity79 and body mass index was found. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy Dutch @entity1 we observed a small premenopausal and an accelerated postmenopausal bone @entity393 and proximal femur. Except for breastfeeding, no other risk factors could be identified.

title: Bone mineral density in healthy Dutch XXXX : spine and hip measurements using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss in both the lumbar spine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Forty-four adult @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) were treated according to one of two protocols. Both included (1) induction with @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , @entity229 , and @entity4445 ; (2) CNS prophylaxis; and (3) maintenance therapy with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity4446 . In the second protocol, CNS prophylaxis began earlier than in the first protocol and included cranial irradiation and intrathecal (IT) @entity1500 rather than simultaneous high-dose systemic and IT @entity1500 . The overall response rate was 100% (95% complete). With a 26-month median follow-up, the 1-and 3-year actuarial freedom from relapse (FFR) for the composite @entity1 group was 70% and 56%, respectively. The incidence of CNS relapse was reduced from 31% in the first protocol to 3% in the second protocol (P = .04, Gehan). @entity1 can be assigned retrospectively to low (n = 19) and high (n = 25) risk prognostic groups, as indicated by a multivariate analysis of pretreatment prognostic factors. High-risk is defined by Ann Arbor stage IV disease with bone marrow or CNS involvement or initial serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration of greater than 300 IU/L (normal, less than 200). FFR of low- and high-risk groups at 5 years are 94% and 19%, respectively (P = .0006). Low-risk @entity1 are highly curable using this approach to adult @entity981 . More intensive treatment for high-risk @entity1 is warranted.

title: Treatment of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['LBL', 'lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['lymphoblastic lymphoma']


abstract: @entity5 , accompanied by mutations of the @entity5 suppressor protein @entity186 and dysregulation of @entity3470 signaling, are frequently associated with @entity146 growth and invasiveness. We investigated whether targeting these two pathways would inhibit @entity5 growth and progression. Six-week-old transgenic UPII-SV40T male @entity19 (n = 15/group) were fed control diet (AIN-76A) or experimental diets containing @entity3470 inhibitor ( @entity3446 , 8 or 16 ppm), @entity186 stabilizing agent [ @entity3471 (CP), 150 ppm], or a combination. @entity19 were euthanized at 40 weeks of age. Urinary bladders were collected and evaluated to determine @entity5 weight and histopathology. Each agent alone, and in combination, significantly inhibited @entity5 growth. Treatment with @entity3446 alone @entity5 weight up to 67% (P < 0.0001). Similarly, CP showed approximately 77% (P < 0.0001) suppression of @entity5 weight. The combination of low-dose @entity3446 and CP led to approximately 83% (P < 0.0001) inhibition of @entity5 weight. There was no significant difference in @entity5 weights between @entity3446 and CP treatments (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between 8 ppm @entity3446 and the combination treatment. Tumor invasion was also significantly inhibited in 53% (P < 0.005) and 66% (P < 0.0005) @entity19 after 8 ppm and 16 ppm @entity3446 , respectively. However, @entity5 invasion was suppressed in 73% (P < 0.0001) @entity19 when CP was combined with 8 ppm @entity3446 . These results suggest that targeting two or more pathways achieve better treatment efficacy than a single-agent high-dose strategy that could increase the risk of side effects. A combination of CP and @entity3446 may be a promising method of inhibiting muscle-invasive @entity1606 . Cancer Prev Res; 9(1); 53-62.   2015 AACR.

title: Targeting XXXX and @entity186 Signaling Inhibits Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer In Vivo.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Urothelial tumors', 'urothelial tumor', 'decreased tumor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: As described previously (I. Kijima-Suda et al., @entity5 Res., 46: 858-862, 1986), a sialyltransferase inhibitor, 5-fluoro-2',3'-isopropylidene-5'-O-(4-N-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-3,6,7,8-tetra -O- acetyl-1-methoxycarbonyl-D-glycero-alpha-D-galactooctapyranosyl)ur idine ( @entity16716 ), inhibits pulmonary metastasis of @entity19 @entity694 26 sublines of high (NL-17) and low (NL-44) metastatic potential. To investigate the mechanism of this inhibition, the effect of @entity16716 on the metastatic cascade, especially on the interaction between @entity5 cells and platelets which may play a crucial role in @entity5 cell metastasis, was examined. NL-17 cells induced irreversible @entity1423 in heparinized @entity1 platelet-rich plasma in vitro. This activity was reduced by pretreatment of the @entity5 cells with @entity16716 . Inhibition of aggregation was also induced by the treatment of @entity5 cells with neuraminidase or Limax flavus agglutinin, a lectin specific for @entity3167 . @entity3167 , @entity3953 , @entity16717 , and @entity291 submaxillary mucin inhibited this @entity5 cell-induced @entity1423 , while @entity3649 , @entity3913 , @entity1132 , alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and asialo- @entity291 submaxillary mucin did not. @entity16716 also inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-dependent growth of NL-17 cells, but showed no effect on insulin or @entity6354 -dependent growth of the @entity5 cells. Platelet-derived growth factor-induced phosphorylation of membrane protein was reduced by treatment of NL-17 cells with @entity16716 . The same result was obtained in the neuraminidase-treated membrane fraction of NL-17 cells. These results suggest that @entity16716 inhibits experimental @entity5 cell metastasis by inhibiting the interaction between @entity5 cells and host platelets in at least two pathways, and this may be due to a reduction of @entity3167 contents of the membrane surface of @entity5 cells.

title: Possible mechanism of inhibition of experimental pulmonary metastasis of XXXX @entity694 26 sublines by a @entity3167 : nucleoside conjugate.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['Sialic acid', 'sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity16717 :: ('MESH:C000020', 'Chemical') :: ['sialyllactose']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: During early pregnancy, the concerted actions of the maternal @entity134 hormones, @entity172 and @entity1420 , promote a unique process known as decidualization, which involves extensive proliferation and differentiation of uterine stromal cells. The molecular pathways underlying this hormonally induced cellular transformation, an essential prerequisite for embryo implantation, remain poorly understood. We previously identified CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta ( @entity19775 ) as a target of @entity134 regulation in the uterus. Uteri of @entity19 lacking @entity19775 failed to undergo decidualization. In the present study, analyses of @entity19775 -null uteri indicated that loss of this factor leads to a block in stromal cell proliferation in response to a decidual stimulation. The mutant stromal cells entered S phase of the cell cycle and completed DNA synthesis but were unable to execute mitosis. Further analysis revealed that @entity19775 facilitates the transition of these cells into mitosis by binding directly to the @entity25379 promoter to regulate its expression. The expression of @entity21895 , a phosphatase that maintains the active state of the cyclin B-cyclin-dependent kinase complex during mitosis, is also strongly suppressed in @entity19775 -null stromal cells. Furthermore, the expression of the @entity5 suppressor @entity899 and the cell cycle inhibitors @entity5207 and @entity7919 was markedly elevated in @entity19775 -null stromal cells before the mitotic phase, uncovering additional mechanisms by which @entity19775 controls G2 to M transition. Collectively, these results revealed that @entity19775 mediates the effects of @entity134 hormones during decidualization by modulating the expression of multiple key cell cycle regulatory factors that control the G2 to M transition of the proliferating uterine stromal cells.

title: The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta is a critical regulator of XXXX -induced mitotic expansion of uterine stromal cells during decidualization.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Decreased activity of the electrogenic @entity1372 pump of vascular smooth muscle has been reported in several forms of experimental @entity101 and may play an important role in basic disease mechanisms. It has been proposed that such pump suppression may characterize volume-expanded forms of @entity101 . The present investigation tested this latter hypothesis. @entity1372 pump activity was assessed in vitro in @entity1372 -loaded tail artery and thoracic aorta freshly excised from Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt-resistant ( @entity5698 on low (0.4%) or high (8%) @entity1219 diets for 5 to 7 weeks. Rubidium (86Rb) uptake in the absence (total uptake) and presence ( @entity7832 -insensitive uptake) of 1.0mM @entity7832 was measured and @entity7832 -sensitive uptake (nmole/mg dry weight/10 min) was calculated. In S @entity35 , salt feeding was accompanied by elevation of arterial pressure, @entity1283 , increases of 20% to 30% in total blood volume, and increases in the @entity7832 -sensitive, @entity7832 -insensitive, and total uptakes in the aorta, but no significant change in uptakes in the tail artery. However, @entity7832 -sensitive uptake in the tail artery of all S @entity35 exceeded than in @entity5698 . There was no evidence of a decrease in vascular @entity1372 pump activity accompanying @entity101 in either artery. Therefore, the results of this study provide no evidence in support of the hypothesis that pump suppression in vascular smooth muscle characterizes volume-expanded forms of @entity101 . It is unlikely that the observed increases in vascular pump activity in S @entity35 reflected intracellular @entity1372 concentrations higher than those in the control @entity35 . Rather, increases in the numbers of pump molecules or in their turnover rate are probably involved.

title: @entity1372 pump activity in arteries of Dahl salt-sensitive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite advances in perioperative management, @entity1 with @entity2876 still experience a high rate of complications and @entity204 after surgery. The @entity35 is commonly used as an experimental animal for @entity3883 . Ligation of the @entity35 bile duct high in the liver hilum is assumed to produce a more severe model of @entity253 than low ligation. The differences are attributed to the ability of the @entity35 bile duct to dilate. Differences in level of ligation may, thus, explain some discrepancies between studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To test this hypothesis, female Lewis @entity35 underwent @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ), low ligation (LL), and sham celiotomy. Colloidal @entity505 clearance, @entity648 , total serum @entity3645 , and hematocrit were measured 12 days later. Liver and spleen weight, presence or absence of ascites, infection, and adequacy of ligation were noted and the liver was processed for routine histology and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Although @entity648 levels were higher after @entity2101 than after LL, liver and spleen weight, total serum @entity3645 , and phagocytic constants K and alpha were not different between these two groups. Gross, histologic, and ultrastructural appearance did not differ between @entity2101 and LL groups. CONCLUSION: High ligation causes greater @entity3638 than low ligation, but does not alter other parameters including phagocytic constants. The present study does not confirm the hypothesis that @entity2101 creates a more severe model than LL; therefore, it is unlikely that differences in level of ligation explain variability in results between studies.

title: Does level of ligation influence results in a murine XXXX model?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['research in obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high ligation', 'HL']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity888 (MA) use among pregnant @entity1 is a world-wide problem, but little is known of its impact on exposed @entity1 . DESIGN: The prospective, controlled longitudinal @entity1 Development, Environment and Lifestyle (IDEAL) study of prenatal MA exposure from birth to 36 months was conducted in the US and NZ. The US cohort has 183 exposed and 196 comparison @entity1 ; the NZ cohort has 85 exposed and 95 comparison @entity1 . Exposure was determined by self-report and meconium assay with @entity167 , marijuana, and @entity286 exposures present in both groups. The NICU Neurobehavior Scale (NNNS) was administered within 5 days of life. NNNS summary scores were analyzed for exposure including heavy exposure and frequency of use by trimester and dose-response relationship with the @entity4944 analyte. RESULTS: MA exposure was associated with poorer quality of movement, more total stress/abstinence, physiological stress, and CNS stress with more nonoptimal reflexes in NZ but not in the USA. Heavy MA exposure was associated with lower arousal and excitability. First trimester MA use predicted more stress and third trimester use more lethargy and @entity2421 . Dose-response effects were observed between @entity4944 concentration in meconium and CNS stress. CONCLUSION: Across cultures, prenatal MA exposure was associated with a similar neurobehavioral pattern of under arousal, low tone, poorer quality of movement and increased stress.

title: Prenatal XXXX exposure and neonatal neurobehavioral outcome in the USA and New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonicity']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: Endosymbiotic bacteria from different species can live inside cells of the same eukaryotic organism. Metabolic exchanges occur between host and bacteria but also between different endocytobionts. Since a complete genome annotation is available for both, we built the metabolic network of two endosymbiotic bacteria, @entity23204 and @entity23205 , that live inside specific cells of the sharpshooter @entity12875 and studied the metabolic exchanges involving transfers of @entity505 atoms between the three. We automatically determined the set of metabolites potentially exogenously acquired (seeds) for both metabolic networks. We show that the number of seeds needed by both bacteria in the @entity505 metabolism is extremely reduced. Moreover, only three seeds are common to both metabolic networks, indicating that the complementarity of the two metabolisms is not only manifested in the metabolic capabilities of each bacterium, but also by their different use of the same environment. Furthermore, our results show that the @entity505 metabolism of @entity23204 may be completely independent of the metabolic network of @entity23205 . On the contrary, the @entity505 metabolism of the latter appears dependent on the metabolism of @entity23204 , at least for two essential @entity1522 , @entity1889 and @entity376 . Next, in order to define which subsets of seeds (precursor sets) are sufficient to produce the metabolites involved in a symbiotic function, we used a graph-based method, PITUFO, that we recently developed. Our results highly refine our knowledge about the complementarity between the metabolisms of the two bacteria and their host. We thus indicate seeds that appear obligatory in the synthesis of metabolites are involved in the symbiotic function. Our results suggest both @entity23205 and @entity23204 may be completely independent of the metabolites provided by the co-resident endocytobiont to produce the @entity505 backbone of the metabolites provided to the symbiotic system (., thr and lys are only exploited by @entity23205 to produce its proteins).

title: Graph-based analysis of the metabolic exchanges between two co-resident intracellular symbionts, XXXX and @entity23204 , with their insect host, @entity12875 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity23204 :: ('336810', 'Species') :: ['S. muelleri', 'Sulcia muelleri']

entities_list: @entity12875 :: ('197043', 'Species') :: ['Homalodisca coagulata']

entities_list: @entity23205 :: ('186490', 'Species') :: ['Baumannia cicadellinicola', 'B. cicadellinicola']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity23205 :: (186490,Species) :: ['Baumannia cicadellinicola']


abstract: Studies of antisecretory compounds such as the H2-receptor antagonists have altered therapy and enhanced the understanding of @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ). While it is agreed that the dictum "no acid, no @entity1066 " is valid, acid hypersecretion does not appear to be the major determinant in a significant number of @entity1066 @entity1 . More careful consideration of mucosal integrity in the pathogenesis of @entity10189 is therefore necessary. A small but significant number of @entity1 (5-15%) do not heal, despite the use of effective antiulcer drugs. Moreover, the posthealing recurrence rate may reach 75% after treatment is discontinued, and nearly one third of cigarette-smoking @entity1 on maintenance therapy may suffer recurrences. @entity2918 (PGs) are particularly important as potent antisecretory and effective antiulcer agents. In addition, recognition of their cytoprotective effects has stimulated research into the understanding and importance of mucosal protection and mucosal defense mechanisms. Animal studies show that PGs at nonantisecretory dosages prevent the development of @entity2275 caused by virtually any insult. In @entity1 , PGs prevent the @entity16 caused by @entity117 and @entity1068 . In some studies, the maintenance of normal mucosal integrity has been linked to normal mucosal production of PGs. Therefore, it is possible that exogenous PGs may be effective in @entity1 whose @entity1066 do not heal with conventional therapy. They may reduce the recurrence of @entity1066 , particularly in those @entity1 whose defect in mucosal integrity appears to be the major problem. Furthermore, in those @entity1 subjected to the toxic effects of @entity167 ingestion, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antineoplastic drugs, and stress, exogenous PGs may prevent @entity3137 . As such, PGs could be the ideal antiulcer drug.

title: Therapeutic aspects of XXXX in the treatment of @entity10189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease', 'PUD']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandins']


abstract: Thirty-eight isolates (including 28 isolates from @entity1 ) morphologically identified as Lichtheimia corymbifera (formerly Absidia corymbifera) were studied by sequence analysis (analysis of the internal transcribed spacer [ITS] region of the ribosomal DNA, the D1-D2 region of 28S, and a portion of the elongation factor 1alpha [ @entity9221 ] gene). Phenotypic characteristics, including morphology, antifungal susceptibility, and @entity1735 assimilation, were also determined. Analysis of the three loci uncovered two well-delimited clades. The maximum sequence similarity values between isolates from both clades were 66, 95, and 93% for the ITS, 28S, and @entity9221 loci, respectively, with differences in the lengths of the ITS sequences being detected (763 to 770 bp for isolates of clade 1 versus 841 to 865 bp for isolates of clade 2). Morphologically, the shapes and the sizes of the sporangiospores were significantly different among the isolates from both clades. On the basis of the molecular and morphological data, we considered isolates of clade 2 to belong to a different species named Lichtheimia ramosa because reference strains CBS 269.65 and CBS 270.65 (which initially belonged to Absidia ramosa) clustered within this clade. As neotype A. corymbifera strain CBS 429.75 belongs to clade 1, the name L. corymbifera was conserved for clade 1 isolates. Of note, the @entity2379 MICs were significantly lower for L. ramosa than for L. corymbifera (P < 0.005) but were always <or=0.5 microg/ml for both species. Among the isolates tested, the assimilation of @entity22817 was positive for 67% of the L. ramosa isolates and negative for all L. corymbifera isolates. In conclusion, this study reveals that two Lichtheimia species are commonly associated with @entity2583 in @entity1 .

title: Molecular and phenotypic evaluation of Lichtheimia corymbifera (formerly Absidia corymbifera) complex isolates associated with XXXX @entity2583 : rehabilitation of L. ramosa.

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity22817 :: ('MESH:C005190', 'Chemical') :: ['melezitose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 is a potentially devastating complication of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The relationship between osmolar changes, acid-base changes and development of @entity4 during therapy is unclear. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study on 53 @entity1 with severe @entity6 (mean pH at presentation 6.92  0.08). @entity4 was diagnosed using neurological status, response to osmotherapy, and neuroimaging, and classified as: early (occurring  <=1 h after presentation, n=15), late (1-48 h, n=17) or absent (controls, n=21). The temporal profiles for various osmolar and acid-base profiles were examined using a random coefficients fractional polynomial mixed model, adjusted for known risk factors. RESULTS: The three groups could not be differentiated by demographic, osmolar or acid-base variables at presentation. All osmolar and acid-base variables showed non-linear temporal trajectories. @entity1 who developed late onset @entity4 showed dramatically different temporal profiles for effective osmolality and @entity413 -corrected serum @entity1372 (both p<0.001). @entity413 -corrected @entity1372 provided better qualitative discrimination, in that it typically fell in @entity1 who developed late @entity4 and rose in controls. The maximum between-group difference for both variables approximated the median time of clinical @entity4 onset. Blood @entity413 and acid-base temporal profiles did not differ between the groups. Late onset @entity4 @entity1 received more fluid in the first 4 h, but this did not influence the osmolar or @entity413 -corrected @entity1372 trajectories in a predictable fashion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity413 -corrected serum @entity1372 may prove a useful early warning for the development of @entity4 in @entity6 .

title: The temporal relationship between @entity413 -corrected serum @entity1372 and neurological status in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'DKA']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'Cerebral oedema', 'cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis']


abstract: Maintenance immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) following renal transplantation is associated with nephrotoxicity and accelerated graft loss. @entity3446 (SRL) is a nonnephrotoxic immunosuppressive agent. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with kidney transplant recipients who were converted from CNI to SRL. A total of 58 renal transplant recipients were converted from CNI to SRL. SRL was started at a dose of 0.075 mg/kg and, at the same time, CNI dose was reduced by 50% daily for 3 days. SRL trough levels were targeted between 8 and 12 ng/mL. When target trough levels were achieved, CNI was withdrawn. The main indications for switching were @entity5 (n = 32) and @entity740 ( @entity740 ) (n = 10). The mean time from transplantation to conversion was 84 +/- 71 months. Mean serum @entity1011 level was 1.63 +/- 0.52 mg/dL before conversion. Serum @entity1011 levels at the 1, 3, 6 months, and 1, 2, 3 years after conversion were 1.64 +/- 0.58 mg/dL (P = 0.67), 1.52 +/- 0.53 mg/dL (P = 0.414), 1.62 +/- 0.62 mg/dL (P = 0.734), and 1.48 +/- 0.58 mg/dL (P = 0.065), 1.58 +/- 0.53 mg/dL (P = 0.854), 1.88 +/- 0.77 mg/dL (P = 0.083), respectively. Daily @entity644 levels increased from 0.04 +/- 0.11 g/day at baseline to 0.55 +/- 1.33 g/day (P = 0.037) after conversion, in the responders group. In the nonresponders group, baseline @entity644 was 0.13 +/- 0.25 g/day, and increased to 1.44 +/- 2.44 g/day after conversion (P = 0.008). SRL was discontinued in 16 @entity1 (31%) because of the occurrence of severe side effects. The proportion of @entity1 remaining on SRL therapy over time was 43.1% at 1 year, 15.5% at 2 years after conversion, and 10.3% at 3 years after conversion. SRL conversion may be very useful in @entity1 suffering from @entity5 ; however, frequent side effects related with this intervention should be considered, and routine conversion from CNI to SRL to reduce nephrotoxicity should be discouraged.

title: Conversion to XXXX in renal transplant recipients: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'posttransplant malignancies']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CAN', 'chronic allograft nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In clinical and cohort research, mortality estimates are often derived from manual reports generated by physicians or electronic reports from vital event registries. We examined the rate of underreporting of @entity204 by manual methods as compared with electronic reports from a vital event registry. METHODS: The retrospective analyses included @entity204 among @entity1 registered in an observational cohort who initiated highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between August 1, 1996 and June 30, 2006. Deaths were routinely reported manually by physicians and through annual electronic record linkages with a population-based vital event registry. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to assess independent predictors of @entity204 reporting by manual methods. RESULTS: Of the 3,116 individuals included in the analyses, 622 (20.0%) died during follow-up. Manual reporting by physicians only identified 377 (60.6%), while electronic linkages captured 598 (96.1%) of all @entity204 . Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity204 among individuals with lower CD4 cell count, higher @entity645 plasma viral load, a history of injection drug use, and under the care of an @entity645 -experienced physicians were more likely to be reported manually. Furthermore, non-accidental @entity204 were more likely to be reported manually, and manual reporting of @entity204 increased over time. CONCLUSIONS: Relying only on manual reports to ascertain @entity204 significantly underestimates the total number of @entity204 in the population. This can generate important biases when evaluating the impact of therapeutic interventions in the populational setting.

title: Physician's manual reporting underestimates mortality: evidence from a population-based XXXX /AIDS treatment program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Microneedles can enhance the penetration of vaccines into the skin for transcutaneous vaccination. In this study for the first time the influence of microneedle geometry on the transport through the formed conduits was visualised in @entity1 volunteers by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Three differently shaped 300  m long microneedle arrays were selected and @entity941 was applied either before or after piercing. Based on the intensity a distinction was made between regions with high and low intensity fluorescence (HIF and @entity8020 ). The areas of both intensities were quantified over time. In most cases HIF areas were only present in the stratum corneum, while @entity8020 areas were also present in the viable epidermis. The areas were larger if @entity941 was applied after piercing compared to before piercing. After 15 min almost no HIF was present anymore at the skin surface. The microneedle geometry, but not the manner of application affected the shape and depth of the conduits. In conclusion we showed that the different microneedle arrays are able to form conduits in the skin, but the geometry of the microneedles influences the penetration of the fluorescent dye. This is the first step towards a more rational design of microneedle arrays for transcutaneous vaccination.

title: Influence of microneedle shape on the transport of a fluorescent dye into XXXX skin in vivo.

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity296 is a well-described consequence of @entity326 and is associated with increased @entity295 -related mortality. The myocardial performance index (MPI), a parameter derived from echocardiographic tissue Doppler measurements, allows for a more sensitive assessment of global cardiac function than do traditional metrics for cardiac function. The authors hypothesized that changes in left ventricular MPI in @entity1 with @entity295 would be associated with a higher 90-day mortality. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Intensive care units of a tertiary medical center. @entity1 : The study comprised 47 @entity1 admitted with new diagnoses of @entity295 or @entity326 . INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent transthoracic echocardiograms with assessment of MPI at enrollment and 24 hours later. Hemodynamic data and information on @entity295 -related mortality were collected. In the primary analysis, the association between change in MPI from enrollment to 24 hours and @entity295 -related 90-day mortality was assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 47 @entity1 enrolled, 30 demonstrated an improvement in MPI from 0 to 24 hours ("improved" group), and MPI worsened in the remaining 17 @entity1 ("worsened" group). Despite no significant differences in ejection fraction or severity of illness, the median MPI at enrollment in the "improved" group was higher than baseline values in the "worsened" group (p = 0.005). A worsening MPI over the 24-hour study interval was associated with increased mortality at 90 days (p = 0.04), which remained significant (hazard ratio 3.72; 95% confidence interval 1.12-12.41; p = 0.03) after adjusting for severity of illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score), intravenous fluids, and vasopressor use. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of @entity295 or @entity326 , a worsening MPI during the first 24 hours after intensive care unit admission was associated with higher 90-day mortality.

title: Interval Changes in Myocardial Performance Index Predict Outcome in Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'severe sepsis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Septic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Sepsis']


abstract: Treatment strategies for @entity13375 are limited by inadequate understanding of its pathophysiology. Mortality reaches 80%, due to progressive @entity63 , @entity39 and @entity281 . In addition to @entity460 and @entity8611 , @entity49 can have a role: primary @entity715 as well as secondary, such as proposed @entity1229 procoagulant effects. Traditional care addresses the @entity78 - @entity461 axis: minimizing @entity460 intake, calcimimetics, cautious @entity560 analogs, strict phosphate control, and surgical parathyroidectomy if necessary. Newer approaches focus on extraosseous mineralization: dissolution of @entity460 deposits, altering @entity2159 and NF-kB pathways, and treating macrophage or cytokine-mediated @entity32 . @entity15451 has reported success, and is thought to be due to enhanced @entity460 solubility and dialysis clearance. @entity171 may have efficacy by lowering bone turnover or a variety of vascular tissue mechanisms. The literature for both agents is very limited, and optimal dosing regimens remain unclear. @entity1 responsive to a medication will have decreasing @entity158 in days and lesions beginning to heal within approximately 2 weeks. Due to high mortality, early use of combination therapy is advocated, although specific protocols have not been well established. The often dramatic improvements in case-based literature are very encouraging and will hopefully lead to more rigorous studies.

title: Evolution of treatment strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['skin ischemia']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity15451 :: ('MESH:C017717', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium thiosulfate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity13375 :: ('MESH:D002115', 'Disease') :: ['calciphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity13375 :: (MESH:D002115,Disease) :: ['calciphylaxis']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the outcome of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 based on @entity5 burden, @entity5 number and size, and @entity5 biology as assessed by an inflammatory response to @entity5 (IRT) and margin positivity. METHODS: Data were collated from @entity14 @entity1 undergoing resection from January 1993 to March 2007. @entity1 were divided into: low (<or=3 @entity3 and/or <or=3 cm); moderate (4-7 @entity3 and/or >3-<or=5 cm); and high (>or=8 @entity3 and/or >5 cm) @entity5 burden. RESULTS: Seven hundred and five @entity1 underwent resection, of which 154 (21.8%), 262 (37.2%) and 289 (41.0%) @entity1 were in the low, moderate and high @entity5 burden groups, respectively. The 5-year disease-free (P < 0.001) and overall (P < 0.001) survival were significantly different between the groups. IRT (P < 0.001), extent of resection (P < 0.001) and margin (P < 0.001) also differed between the groups. Sub-group analysis revealed that IRT was the only adverse predictor for disease-free and overall survival in the low group. In the moderate group, IRT predicted poorer disease-free survival on multi-variate analysis. In the high group, R1 resection and transfusion were predictors of poorer disease-free survival and age >or=65 years, R1 resection and IRT were adverse predictors of overall survival. CONCLUSION: Resection margin influenced the outcome of @entity1 with high @entity5 burden, hence the importance of achieving clear margins. IRT influenced the outcome of @entity1 with @entity146 .

title: Interaction of @entity5 biology and XXXX burden in determining outcome after hepatic resection for colorectal @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['less aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['represented by tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRLM', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) frequently suffer from extra-renal complications including @entity409 and systemic @entity32 . We aimed to determine the mechanisms of @entity810 -induced @entity409 and systemic @entity32 . @entity19 subjected to @entity810 ( @entity8 reperfusion (IR) or nephrectomy) rapidly developed acute @entity409 and @entity5721 . After @entity810 , rapid peri-portal hepatocyte @entity39 , vacuolization, neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory mRNA upregulation were observed suggesting an intestinal source of @entity99 . Small intestine histology after @entity810 showed profound villous lacteal capillary endothelial apoptosis, disruption of vascular permeability and epithelial @entity39 . After @entity63 or non- @entity63 @entity810 , plasma @entity637 , @entity636 and @entity777 increased significantly. Small intestine appears to be the source of @entity636 , as @entity636 levels were higher in the portal circulation and small intestine compared with the levels measured from the systemic circulation and liver. Wild-type @entity19 treated with neutralizing antibodies against @entity637 , @entity636 or @entity777 or @entity19 deficient in @entity637 , @entity636 , @entity636 receptor or @entity777 were protected against hepatic and small intestine injury because of @entity63 or non- @entity63 @entity810 . For the first time, we implicate the increased release of @entity636 from small intestine together with induction of @entity637 and @entity777 as a cause of small intestine and @entity99 after @entity63 or non- @entity63 @entity810 . Modulation of the inflammatory response and cytokine release in the small intestine after @entity810 may have important therapeutic implications in reducing complications arising from @entity810 .

title: Cytokines induce small intestine and XXXX after @entity8 or nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['suffered significantly worse hepatic IR injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: The aim of this randomized, double-blind, multicentric study was to assess and compare @entity73 in @entity1 treated with either @entity2934 or @entity5774 , for generalized @entity148 . Only non @entity308 @entity1 were selected according to MADRS criteria. The cognitive assessment was performed with the BEC 96 rating scale, the intensity of @entity148 symptoms was evaluated through the Hamilton- @entity148 and Covi scales. The level of relation, mood and sedation was assessed for each item with a visual analog scale (VAS). The @entity1 's and investigator's opinion on the global efficiency of the treatment were also evaluated on VAS. After an 8-day wash-out period under placebo, the treatment was given in a double-blind way for 28 days: either @entity5774 25 mg at a daily dosage of 100 mg t.i.d. (25 mg - 25 mg - 50 mg), or @entity2934 1 mg at a daily dosage of 4 mg t.i.d. (1 mg - 1 mg - 2 mg). The results were as follows: after the 28-day treatment period, @entity1 showed at the BEC 96 a cognitive improvement in both groups, but the improvement in the @entity5774 group was significantly higher. Furthermore, the improvement appeared more quickly in the @entity5774 group. The Hamilton- @entity148 and Covi scales showed an improvement in the @entity148 level in both groups with no significant difference. The visual analog scales assessing relation, mood and sedation improved in both groups as well as the @entity1 's and investigator's opinion. The five assessments all showed a significant by higher improvement in the @entity5774 group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Modification of cognitive functions by 2 anxiolytic treatments in @entity1 suffering from generalized XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity5774 :: ('MESH:D006919', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyzine']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: A primary response to @entity32 is an increased survival of the target cell. Several pathways have been identified that promote maintenance of the cell. The principal mechanism for the extended survival is through induction of anti-apoptotic @entity588 family proteins. @entity588 was the founding member of this family with five additional members, @entity1836 , @entity6577 , @entity21084 , @entity1938 , and @entity2423 , discovered mostly in @entity1583 . Another mechanism that could add to cell survival is the @entity20571 kinase pathway. This family of enzymes is associated with Myc-driven transcription, cell cycle regulation, degradation of pro-apoptotic proteins, and protein translation. @entity1072 serves as an optimal model to understand the mechanism by which these two protein families provide survival advantage to cells. In addition, since this malignancy is known to be maintained by microenvironment milieu, this further adds advantage to investigate mechanisms by which these pro-survival proteins are induced in the presence of stromal support. Multiple mechanisms exists that result in increase in transcript and protein level of anti-apoptotic @entity588 family members. Following these inductions, post-translational modifications occur resulting in increased stability of pro-survival proteins, while @entity20571 -mediated phosphorylation inhibits pro-apoptotic protein activity. Furthermore, there is a cross-talk between these two ( @entity588 family proteins and @entity20571 family proteins) pathways that co-operate with each other for @entity1072 cell survival and maintenance. Vigorous efforts are being made to create small molecules that affect these proteins directly or indirectly. Several of these pharmacological inhibitors are in early clinical trials for @entity1 with @entity1583 .

title: Inflammation and survival pathways: XXXX as a model system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: @entity10630 . A multi-disiplinary challenge. The histiocytoses are a diverse, but rare group of disorders with symptoms affecting many organs, varying from self-limiting, localised lesions to disseminated multi-organ disease. The diagnostic challenges are illustrated and discussed in the following case. CASE REPORT: A @entity1 in his forties was admitted to hospital due to @entity3856 . MRI imaging detected a mass in his right orbit and a minor mass in his left orbit. The histological results of the mass in his right orbit revealed an inflammatory process with lymphocytes and macrophages and no sign of @entity1333 , @entity5 . The diagnosis @entity6437 orbita was made and treatment with @entity288 was initiated. He did not respond to @entity288 or radiotherapy and increasing symptoms necessitated rehospitalisation. Further tests disclosed a multisystem disease which affected the aorta, skeleton, lung, heart and kidney. The biopsy was reconsidered and the disease was classified as a histiocytosis with @entity469 positive and @entity4896 negative cells. The diagnosis Erdheim-Chester was given, about 14 months after the initial hospitalisation. Treatment with interferon a was started.

title: [A XXXX in his forties with swelling in both orbits].

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infection or malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity10630 :: ('MESH:D031249', 'Disease') :: ['Erdheim-Chester disease']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['pain in his right eye and visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: @entity35 pancreatic acini were prepared with collagenase A and collagenase P and their secretory response to @entity5402 tested. The collagenase P gave the best acinar suspension, providing that the digestion was performed in the absence of added @entity460 and in the presence of a low concentration of albumin. More than ninety percent of the acini prepared with this crude collagenase were viable as judged by a coloration with @entity1711 . Their basal amylase secretion was below 3% amylase released within 20 minutes. They responded to @entity8586 (7-fold stimulation, EC50: 10 pM), to @entity6138 (7-fold stimulation, EC50: 1 nM), to @entity5402 (7-fold stimulation, EC50: 1 microM), to @entity18777 (4-fold stimulation, EC50: 3 mM) or to @entity865 (4-fold stimulation, EC50: 100 nM). Acini preloaded with @entity593 and incubated in the presence of 0.5 mM extracellular @entity460 were able to maintain a large (5,000-fold) gradient of @entity460 across their plasma membrane. @entity5402 , CCK-8 and @entity6138 increased the intracellular @entity460 concentration 6-fold, within 10 seconds. This level decreased for the next 20 seconds but remained higher than the basal value for the next 10 minutes. These acini could be permeabilized with a low concentration (0.1 U/ml) of @entity18778 without affecting the basal amylase secretion, an index of the integrity of zymogen granules. It is concluded that pancreatic acini which have retained their responsiveness to major pancreatic secretagogues can be prepared with crude collagenase and permeabilized with streptolysin O. They can thus be used as a model for the study of stimulus-secretion coupling in exocrine glands.

title: Isolation of XXXX pancreatic acini with crude collagenase and permeabilization of these acini with streptolysin O.

entities_list: @entity18777 :: ('MESH:C053629', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroaluminate']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18778 :: ('MESH:C025964', 'Chemical') :: ['streptolysin O']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Many @entity1 with @entity6 are at increased risk of @entity73 and @entity303 . @entity6 is a vascular risk factor that may increase the risk of @entity303 through its associations with @entity1294 . We tested whether @entity73 could be exacerbated in combined injury using a @entity35 model of chronic @entity1779 with @entity6 . We also determined whether a potent inhibitor of type III phosphodiesterase could prevent the @entity73 caused by this combined injury. We used Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) @entity35 as a model of @entity2175 (T2DM) and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) @entity35 as a control. @entity8638 was modeled by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). At 24weeks, the non- @entity6 and T2DM @entity35 were randomly assigned into groups for the following experiments: analysis I (1) sham non- @entity6 @entity35 (n=8); (2) hypoperfused non- @entity6 @entity35 (n=9); (3) sham T2DM @entity35 (n=8); (4) hypoperfused T2DM @entity35 (n=9); analysis II- (1) sham T2DM @entity35 without treatment (n=8); (2) @entity1924 -treated T2DM @entity35 (n=8); (3) hypoperfused T2DM @entity35 (n=9); and (4) hypoperfused T2DM @entity35 and @entity1924 treatment (n=9). The @entity35 were orally administered @entity1924 (50mg/kg) or vehicle once a day for 2weeks after 24weeks. @entity35 performed Morris water maze tasks, and neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation were investigated via Western blots and histological investigation. Spatial @entity2414 was exacerbated synergistically in the hypoperfused T2DM group compared with the hypoperfused non- @entity6 group and sham T2DBM group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, neuronal cell death was increased in the hippocampus of the hypoperfused T2DM group. @entity1924 , a @entity14888 inhibitor, improved the @entity2414 through inhibition of neuronal cell death, activation of @entity14889 phosphorylation and @entity2136 expression in the hypoperfused T2DM group. Our experimental results support the hypothesis that there are deleterious interactions between chronic @entity1779 and T2DM. That is, @entity209 such as @entity6 may exacerbate @entity73 in a @entity35 model of @entity1294 . We also suggest that surprisingly, the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, @entity1924 may be useful for the treatment of @entity73 in @entity6 -induced @entity303 . In conclusion, @entity6 can aggravate @entity73 in @entity1294 , and @entity14888 inhibitors, such as @entity1924 , may form the basis of a novel therapeutic strategy for @entity6 -associated @entity73 or @entity1294 .

title: XXXX in chronic @entity1779 by increasing neuronal cell death: Implication of @entity1924 for @entity6 -induced @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1924 :: ('MESH:C045645', 'Chemical') :: ['cilostazol', 'Cilostazol']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment', 'memory impairments']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Diabetes augments cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is frequently accompanied by @entity303 or @entity308 which can aggravate the clinical picture of the disease and increase the risk of @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Little is known about the associations between @entity191 , these neuropsychiatric comorbidities and @entity734 in outpatients. @entity1 AND METHODS: A nationwide sample of outpatients (n=1,449) was examined by office-based neurologists (n=315) comprising the documentation of the general, neurological status and the degree of @entity734 . The @entity303 status was clinically rated according to the established DSM-IV criteria. @entity308 was screened with the Montgomery-Asberg @entity308 Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS: Overall, 18.3% of all @entity1 were care dependent. Even after adjustment for @entity191 severity, @entity1 with @entity308 (OR=2.8; 95% CI 1.8-4.3), @entity303 (OR=2.7; 95% CI 1.8-4.1) or both (OR=3.9; 95% CI 2.5-60,0) were at higher risk for @entity734 than @entity1 without @entity303 or @entity308 . @entity1 aged >= 76 years were fourfold more likely to be care dependent than @entity1 aged  <=65 years (OR=3.5; 95% CI 2.3-5.5). Across all age groups, @entity1 with @entity308 featured the highest increments (from 11.9 to 42.0%). CONCLUSION: The risk for @entity734 is substantially elevated in outpatients with @entity191 when further @entity146 are present. The data suggest that @entity308 contributes equally to disability as does @entity303 .

title: [ @entity303 and @entity308 determine @entity734 in XXXX : analysis of 1,449 outpatients receiving nursing care in Germany].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'care dependency']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Binding of drugs to plasma proteins is an important determinant for their efficacy because it modulates drug availability to the intended target. Co-administered drugs may bind to the same protein site or to different functionally linked clefts following competitive and allosteric mechanisms. Here, we report a thermodynamic and computational characterization of the binding mode of @entity3826 and @entity18776 , two therapeutic agents co-administered in the treatment of @entity191 , to human serum albumin (HSA). @entity3826 binds to HSA with a simple equilibrium (K(d) = 3.1 x 10(-6) M). Conversely, @entity18776 binds to HSA with two independent equilibria (K(d1)< or = 10(-6) M and K(d2) = 5.0 x 10(-5) M). Values of K(d) and K(d2) increase to 1.5 x 10(-5) M and 5.0 x 10(-4) M, respectively, in the presence of @entity1446 . Accordingly, the K(d) value for @entity1446 binding to HSA increases from 5.0 x 10(-7) M to 4.8 x 10(-6) M and 9.2 x 10(-7) M, in the presence of saturating amounts of @entity3826 and @entity18776 , respectively. The K(d1) value for @entity18776 binding to HSA is not affected by @entity1446 binding, whereas @entity3826 and @entity18776 inhibit @entity1229 binding to HSA, and vice versa. Therefore, @entity3826 and the second @entity18776 molecule bind to the @entity1229 site, allosterically linked to the @entity1446 site. Simulated docking of @entity3826 and @entity18776 into the @entity1229 site provides favorable values of intermolecular energy (-23.0 kJ mol(-1) and -15.2 kJ mol(-1), respectively). Considering the @entity3826 , @entity18776 , and HSA- @entity1446 plasma levels and the possible co-administration of @entity1229 , these results appear relevant in the management of @entity1 affected by @entity191 .

title: Binding of anti- XXXX drugs to human serum albumin is allosterically modulated.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18776 :: ('MESH:D001545', 'Chemical') :: ['benserazide']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine', 'apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: To evaluate the normalization of lymphocyte subsets several years after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (aPBSCT) and to detect any differences based on the underlying @entity1071 , we analyzed the immunological recovery of 149 @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), @entity978 ( @entity978 ), @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Lymphocyte recovery was assessed before the transplant, on days 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and on years 1, 2, 4, 6. Analysis of a total of 709 lymphocytes, including total lymphocyte count, CD3 +, @entity404 +, @entity405 +, @entity404 +/ @entity405 + ratio, @entity1075 +, CD3 + HLA-DR +, @entity4071 + 56 +, was performed. The normalization of total lymphocyte counts was achieved between days 14 to 22 following PBSCT. CD3 + cells count showed a normalization after 2 years in the @entity978 and @entity1893 groups and after 4 years in @entity1582 group. @entity404 + subset achieved normalization during the sixth year in the 3 groups. The @entity405 + and @entity1075 + lymphocytes subsets achieved normal values in the 3 groups at day 60 and at day 120 respectively. @entity4071 + 56 + and CD3 +/HLA-DR + lymphocytes showed median values above the normal range starting from day 30. Immunological recovery was similar in all 3 groups. Moreover, the recovery of all subsets evaluated was similarly demonstrated within 6 years after aPBSCT.

title: Immune recovery of lymphocyte subsets 6 years after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for @entity1071 . A comparison between @entity1893 , @entity978 and XXXX in group of 149 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's Disease"]

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['MM']


abstract: A 41-year-old male bodybuilder was admitted with acute inferior @entity583 . The @entity1 had been using @entity8666 and @entity21580 to increase his performance for 15 years and quitted smoking three years before. He underwent successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and bare metal stenting for total occlusion of the proximal right coronary artery. Angiography also showed a critical lesion in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Five hours after primary PCI, the @entity1 had severe right @entity812 . Abdominal computed tomography showed a large @entity1188 in the right kidney. Subcutaneous enoxaparin was added to dual antiplatelet treatment. Doppler renal ultrasound performed on the eighth day showed findings of reperfusion in the right kidney and normal-size kidneys. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated disappearance of previously detected thrombus remnant in the left ventricle and only mild @entity2845 around the apical and middle segments of the inferior and inferoseptal walls. The @entity1 was discharged on the 10th day. Renal arteriography during elective LAD intervention 18 days after discharge showed complete revascularization, stent patency, and improved blood flow. This is the first case of @entity1188 that developed in the early hours of primary PCI, despite effective anticoagulant and antiplatelet treatment. Intensive coronary artery and left ventricular thrombi may be explained by the use of anabolic @entity230 .

title: Acute XXXX and @entity1188 in a bodybuilder using anabolic steroids.

entities_list: @entity8666 :: ('MESH:D010110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxymetholone']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity21580 :: ('MESH:D008710', 'Chemical') :: ['methenolone']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['renal infarction']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity3003 is one of a series of @entity900 analogs now undergoing clinical investigation. Phase I and II trials in adults demonstrate activity in a number of @entity1 @entity5 and less @entity137 than might be expected with the parent compound. This phase I trial was undertaken to establish the maximum tolerated dose and the recommended phase II dose in @entity1 treated by a 1-hour iv infusion every 4 weeks. Twenty-nine @entity1 with recurrent or progressive @entity5 were entered in this study at the @entity1 's Hospital of Los Angeles and @entity1 's Memorial Hospital in Chicago between April 12, 1983, and November 27, 1984. Beginning with a dose of 350 mg/m2 (about 80% of the adult phase II dose), we escalated the dose in groups of @entity1 to 670 mg/m2; dose-limiting myelosuppression was encountered at this dose. Fifty-seven infusions are at least partially evaluable for @entity137 . @entity1272 , @entity3747 , and @entity2167 were observed infrequently, and @entity390 and @entity391 were mild. One @entity1 with a mixed @entity11 of the posterior fossa achieved a good partial response lasting 9 months. Stable disease for greater than or equal to 6 months was observed in three @entity1 : one each with @entity424 , @entity13 , and @entity602 . The recommended pediatric phase II dose is 560 mg/m2 given as a 1-hour iv infusion every 4 weeks.

title: Pediatric phase I trial of XXXX : a Childrens Cancer Study Group report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem glioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['Asymptomatic hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord astrocytoma']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: AIM: To determine the diagnostic value of integrating three-dimensional perfused blood volume (3D PBV) with multimodal computed tomography (CT) [non-enhanced CT (NECT), CT perfusion ( @entity93 ), and CT angiography (CTA)] in acute @entity64 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: NECT, @entity93 , and CTA were performed in 25 acute @entity64 @entity1 . The ischaemia detection rate of 3D PBV was compared with the results of baseline NECT and @entity93 . The correlation of @entity75 volume between 3D PBV, @entity93 images, and follow-up NECT were analysed. RESULTS: NECT demonstrated ischaemic signs in 12 of 25 @entity1 with proven @entity1188 . @entity93 maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) all demonstrated perfusion deficits in 21 of 25 @entity1 . However, 3D PBV demonstrated perfusion deficits in all of the 25 @entity1 . Among the 25 @entity1 , a strong correlation was found between PBV and the follow-up NECT infarct (r = 0.858). The correlation between @entity93 and the follow-up NECT infarct as following: CBF (r = 0.718), CBV (r = 0.785), and @entity1054 (r = 0.569). In 14 thrombolytic @entity1 , strong correlation was found between the ischaemic volume on 3D PBV and follow-up NECT (r = 0.798). CONCLUSION: In @entity64 @entity1 , the combination of 3D PBV and multimodal CT (NECT, @entity93 , and CTA) can improve the detection rate of ischaemia and enable assessment of the full extent of ischaemia, which correlates well with follow-up NECT.

title: Three-dimensional whole-brain perfused blood volume imaging with multimodal CT for evaluation of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to peak']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: Development of nanocarriers for effective drug delivery to molecular targets in @entity5 cells is a real problem in modern pharmaceutical chemistry. In the present work we used pristine @entity12200 as a platform for delivery of anticancer drug @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) to its biological targets. The formation of a complex of @entity12200 with @entity3105 ( @entity12201 + @entity3105 ) is described and physico-chemical characteristics of such complex are presented. It was found that @entity3105 conjugation with @entity12200 leads to 1.5-2-fold increase in @entity3105 @entity137 towards various @entity1 @entity5 cell lines, compared with such effect when the drug is used alone. Cytotoxic activity of @entity12201 + @entity3105 complex is accompanied by an increased level of cell produced @entity273 at early time point (3 h) after its addition to cultured cells. At the same time, cellular production of @entity224 radicals does not change in comparison with the effect of @entity3105 alone. Cytomorphological studies have demonstrated that @entity12201 + @entity3105 complexes kill @entity5 cells by apoptosis induction. The results of in vivo experiments using @entity2 in @entity19 confirmed the enhancement of the @entity3105 @entity137 towards @entity5 cells after drug complexation with @entity12200 . The effect of such complex towards @entity5 -bearing @entity19 was even more pronounced than that in the in vitro experiment with targeting @entity1 @entity5 cells. The @entity5 volume decreased by 2.5 times compared with the control, and an average life span of treated animals increased by 63% compared with control. The obtained results suggest a great perspective of application of @entity12201 + @entity3105 complexes for chemotherapy of @entity5 .

title: Application of XXXX - @entity632 Complex for Tumor Cell Treatment In Vitro and In Vivo.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity12200 :: (MESH:C069837,Chemical) :: ['C60 Fullerene']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity96 extension to the adjacent organs does not necessarily indicate @entity5 invasion. It is very hard to diagnose extrahepatic @entity3 to the adjacent organs using preoperative imaging. This study was undertaken, therefore, to determine the real @entity3 using a manual dissection. METHODOLOGY: Of the 51 consecutive @entity1 with @entity96 , 6 cases with extrahepatically growing @entity5 were suspected to have @entity3 both preoperatively and intraoperatively. Thus, we diagnosed whether or not any real extrahepatic @entity3 was present by either removing the @entity5 by hand or by performing a blunt gauze dissection. RESULTS: Three @entity157 and one @entity5 were stripped off from the adjacent organ using a manual blunt dissection. However, the other two @entity5 could not be removed in the same manner and therefore a combined resection of the invaded portion had to be performed along with the hepatectomy. A postoperative detailed pathological examination revealed no @entity5 cells on the surface of the adjacent organ in the former 4 @entity5 . @entity3 was recognized, however, on the outside of the liver in the latter 2 combined resected @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: An accurate intraoperative diagnosis of extrahepatic @entity3 can be made using manual blunt dissection.

title: Appraisal of a manual blunt dissection for an intraoperative diagnosis of extrahepatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'Liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer invasion', 'cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['cancer invasion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between @entity551 and medication modification among @entity101 @entity1 in Japan is relatively unknown. We examined the incidence of prescription changes and how the prescription changes influence success rates in @entity551 in a group of @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity101 . METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study (July 2006 to May 2007) examined the association between blood pressure control and antihypertensive medication among 2,735 Japanese @entity101 @entity1 who completed four seasonal follow-ups and whose medications were verified. The primary outcome was "therapeutic failure" at the third follow-up survey. Logistic regression analyzed how prescription changes may influence therapeutic failure risk. Common medication changes were estimated using follow-up data. RESULTS: Median ages and proportion of males were 73 years and 43.8% vs. 69 years and 45.6% in those with controlled and those with uncontrolled @entity101 at baseline, respectively. At baseline, 1,496 @entity1 were uncontrolled, and 296 (18.0%) changed prescriptions during the follow-up period. Among @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity8 , or organ damage and @entity455 , who were uncontrolled at baseline, prescription changes during the year significantly increased therapeutic failures at the third follow-up after adjusting for related variables. About half of the changes at each follow-up visit remained in the same class or combination category. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified infrequent changes in prescription and minor modifications of medication even among uncontrolled @entity101 . We highlight the importance of reviewing prescription content to maintain or improve blood pressure levels to achieve recommended treatment goals.

title: Characteristics of antihypertensive medication and change of prescription over 1 year of follow up in Japan: Fukushima Research of XXXX (FRESH).

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['achieving target blood pressures']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']