abstract: We have recently reported that @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) modulates thymocyte development in fetal thymus organ cultures. Exogenously added @entity4179 arrested thymocyte growth and differentiation, acting at the transition from the @entity404 - @entity405 - ( @entity14485 ( @entity14485 )) to the @entity404 + @entity405 + ( @entity14485 ( @entity14485 )) phenotype. In this study, we further investigate some molecular aspects of this blockade. This inhibitory effect could be mimicked by @entity31011 , which are selective inhibitors of @entity4179 receptor kinase activity. An attempt to use @entity2690 (INS) as a synergizing effector resulted in partial restoration of lobe cellularity, leading to expansion of the @entity1759 - @entity2902 + @entity14485 subset. However, INS did not overcome the @entity4179 -driven blockade of the thymocyte @entity14485 --> @entity14485 transition. Analysis of @entity1195 phosphatase showed that this transition was preceded by a rise in CD45RB isotype expression. At the end of a 7-day culture, the remaining @entity14485 cells from both @entity4179 - and @entity4179 +INS-treated fetal thymus organ cultures showed a CD45RB- phenotype and were negative for the @entity4179 -immunoreactive molecule described previously on the fetal thymocyte surface. This finding implies that neither molecule is related to the growth capability of cells at this early developmental stage; it is more likely that the molecules are related to subsequent events in the thymocyte pathway to the @entity14485 phenotype. Thus, our data support the concept that @entity4179 receptor-related circuitry may be relevant in thymus ontogeny. Additionally, evidence is provided for the duality between growth and differentiation at this particular early stage of thymocyte development.

title: XXXX ( @entity4179 ) modulates fetal thymocyte growth and differentiation: partial reversal by @entity2690 , mimicking by specific inhibitors of @entity4179 receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and differential expression of @entity1195 phosphatase isotypes.

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['double-negative', 'double-positive', 'DN', 'DP']

entities_list: @entity31011 :: ('MESH:D020032', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrphostins']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

answer: @entity4179 :: (1950,Gene) :: ['Epidermal growth factor']


abstract: Current options for treatment of @entity8434 ( @entity8434 ), including chemotherapeutics and surgical approaches, are not satisfactory in certain cases of resistant cysts in vulnerable or inaccessible organs. Therefore, potential means of therapy are needed. The present work evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation on mestacestode causing @entity8434 . Metacestode of @entity12047 were exposed to 15, 30, and 60 Gy irradiation and examined after 24 h for viability, morphologic, and ultrastuctural alterations by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was determined by caspase-3 activity by colorimetric assay and immunohistochemistry. The irradiated metacestodes showed loss of viability, damage of protoscolices, formation of lipid droplets and vacuoles, and separation of the germinal layer. Apoptosis was prominent after irradiation. Our results suggested that gamma irradiation have therapeutic potential in @entity8434 . Moreover, understanding the destructive effect of irradiation may help in developing prophylactic measures against @entity8434 . Further studies are needed to test the efficacy of ionizing radiation in long-term animal models.

title: Destructive effect of gamma irradiation on XXXX metacestodes.

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['cystic echinococcosis', 'CE']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity12047 :: (6210,Species) :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']


abstract: @entity6962 of the female genital tract are highly malignant @entity5 composed of @entity3909 and @entity3038 elements. In the past, these @entity5 were frequently treated as @entity242 . However, a number of arguments, including the sensitivity of these @entity5 to @entity902 -based chemotherapy, suggest that these @entity5 behave more like poorly differentiated @entity189 . The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) Gynaecological @entity5 Group therefore decided to perform a prospective phase II study in @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity6962 with an approach such as that used in gynaecological @entity189 . Eligible @entity1 could have primary or recurrent disease, but prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy was not allowed. The treatment plan recommended upfront debulking, followed by chemotherapy with @entity900 , @entity1260 and @entity632 . @entity1 who could be debulked to non-measurable disease remained eligible for the study, but the response assessment was restricted to @entity1 who had measurable disease before the start of chemotherapy. A total of 48 @entity1 (39 primary disease, 9 recurrent disease) were registered, 41 of them being eligible. In 9 @entity1 , all macroscopic lesions could be removed, 32 @entity1 were left with @entity66 and were assessable for response. The overall response rate was 56%: a complete response (CR) was observed in 11 (34%) @entity1 and partial response (PR) in 7 (22%) @entity1 . No change occurred in 5 @entity1 and progression in 2 @entity1 . In 7 @entity1 , response could not be assessed. Median survival for all of the 41 eligible @entity1 was 26 months. Severe @entity1210 and @entity882 were common and necessitated dose reductions or delays in 60% of @entity1 . From a clinical point of view, the most severe non-haematological @entity137 was @entity8 , and one @entity1 died of this complication in the absence of disease progression. The results of this study are in-line with the hypothesis that @entity6962 are chemosensitive, in particular for the currently investigated regimen. The treatment also included upfront cytoreduction when feasible. Considering the observed @entity137 , alternative @entity902 -based regimens with more favourable @entity137 profiles should be explored.

title: @entity900 , @entity632 and @entity1260 in @entity6962 of the female genital tract. A phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Gynaecological XXXX Group (EORTC 55923).

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma', 'carcinosarcomas', 'Carcinosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the features of discs in @entity1566 without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) by intraoperative disc contrast injection (IODCI) and to subsequently treat the responsible discs operatively. METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2011, 16 adult cases of cervical SCIWORA were enrolled in this study. The average preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was 9.1    1.8. Although preoperative imaging showed no obvious @entity174 or @entity3029 , @entity1745 was evident in all cases. High spinal cord signals on MRI T2WI and cervical @entity1797 were present in all cases and swollen soft tissue anterior to the cervical spine in nine cases. All @entity1 underwent anterior cervical surgeries for @entity1745 , IODCI being performed after exposure of suspicious discs. @entity1 with only one ruptured disc underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; those with more complex injuries underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion with fixation of the ruptured segment. JOA scores, X-rays and CT scans were checked at specified intervals over an average of 24.4 months. RESULTS: Of 32 discs suspected preoperatively of being injured, 19 were identified as ruptured by IODCI. Anterior annulus fibrosus @entity397 was proved in 11 @entity1 whereas the anterior longitudinal ligament was intact in all. JOA scores at 2 weeks, 3 months and last follow-up postoperatively were 13.3    1.5, 14.5    1.6 and 15.1    1.5 respectively. The recovery rates were 53.2%, 68.3% and 75.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: IODCI helps to determine the segment responsible for cervical SCIWORA.

title: Role of Intraoperative Disc Contrast Injection in Determining the Segment Responsible for Cervical XXXX without Radiographic Abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apathy is a frequent neurobehavioural sequel in @entity1 with acquired @entity75 and it may seriously affect outcome of rehabilitation. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity131 , cerebrovascular insults and @entity1545 , categorized into four lesion localization groups: @entity16 ( @entity16 ); @entity16 ( @entity16 ); @entity16 ( @entity16 ); and @entity16 ( @entity16 ) were assessed with the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Heart rate and electrodermal activity were recorded in an experimental situation that exposed the @entity1 to mental stressors in order to measure psychophysiological reactivity. RESULTS: Significant differences in level of apathy were found between diagnostic groups as well as between localization subgroups. @entity16 and @entity16 @entity1 displayed most apathy. Factor analysis of MADRS revealed a three-factor solution; @entity308 mood, somatic symptoms and negative symptoms. Apathy was significantly correlated with negative symptoms in all localization subgroups, except among the @entity16 @entity1 . Apathy was not correlated with @entity308 mood or somatic symptoms. Moreover, apathy was significantly correlated with heart rate reactivity, but not with electrodermal reactivity. CONCLUSION: Apathy is common, its severity depending on diagnosis and localization of lesion. Apathy and @entity308 in brain damaged @entity1 share common features, but may be differentiated. The significant relationship between apathy and heart rate may provide a psychophysiological correlation of the disengagement, lack of interest and absence of emotional responsivity typically seen in apathy. The results have implications for the theoretical understanding of apathy and related negative symptoms, and for rehabilitation practice.

title: Apathy and @entity308 mood in acquired XXXX : relationship to lesion localization and psychophysiological reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hemispheric damage', 'left hemisphere damage', 'RHD', 'BHD', 'LHD', 'right hemisphere damage', 'SCD', 'subcortical damage']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Understanding the effects of @entity167 intake on @entity64 and other @entity65 is an important issue for public health. METHODS: A 10.5-year prospective study of the relationship between @entity167 intake and @entity65 incidence was conducted in 2890 @entity1 , aged 40 to 69 years and free of a history of @entity64 and @entity301 , in three rural communities of Japan. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-eight @entity64 (40 @entity1779 , 18 @entity510 , 104 @entity64 , and 16 unclassified @entity64 ), 34 @entity301 events, and 19 sudden unclassified @entity204 occurred. Drinkers of > or = 70 g/d @entity1068 had an approximately 2.5 times higher age-adjusted risk of all @entity64 than never-drinkers; the excess risk was more evident for @entity64 than @entity64 . When @entity101 category, serum total @entity165 level, cigarette smoking, and @entity6 were taken into account, these excess risks were reduced but remained significant for all @entity64 (2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.1) and @entity64 (3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 9.2). A J-shaped relationship was suggested between @entity167 intake and risk of @entity64 ; drinkers of < 42 g/d @entity1068 had a slightly lower risk and heavy drinkers had a higher risk than never-drinkers. Current drinkers had a slightly lower risk of @entity301 than never-drinkers, although the risk difference was not statistically significant. The age-adjusted risk of @entity944 was 10 times higher in heavy drinkers than never-drinkers, and the excess risk did not change when the covariates were controlled for. Total @entity65 showed a similar pattern as did all @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Heavy drinking appeared to increase the risk of @entity64 , in part due to @entity101 , and to increase the risk of @entity944 , which was probably due to drinking per se. Light or moderate @entity167 consumption seemed to protect against @entity64 and @entity301 .

title: XXXX intake and the risk of @entity65 in middle-aged Japanese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'nonhemorrhagic stroke', 'stroke', 'nonhemorrhagic strokes', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives. This study was conducted to review systematically adjunctive treatments for @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity161 and compare efficacies of clinical trials through meta-analysis, so as to provide effective clinical guideline regarding weight control for @entity1 taking atypical antipsychotics. Methods. Candidate clinical trials were identified through searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Fourteen randomized clinical trials were included for systematic review and meta-analysis from 132 potential trials. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 was used for meta-analysis. Results. Difference in means and significances from meta-analyses regarding weight control by adjunctive treatments showed that @entity1771 , @entity1770 , or @entity352 was more effective than @entity2449 or @entity18891 . Psychiatric evaluations did not show statistically significant changes between treatment groups and placebo groups except @entity1771 adjunctive treatments. Adverse effects regarding adjunctive therapies were tolerable and showed statistically no significances compared to control groups. Conclusion. Though having several reports related to exacerbation of @entity146 symptoms, @entity1771 and @entity1770 are more efficacious than other medications in regard to @entity353 and less burden of critical adverse effects as well as being beneficial for clinical improvement.

title: Efficacy of Adjunctive Treatments Added to Olanzapine or Clozapine for Weight Control in @entity1 with XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: Calcineurin is an important mediator that connects the Ca(2+)-dependent signaling to various cellular responses in a wide variety of cell types and organisms. In budding @entity375 , activated calcineurin exerts its function mainly by regulating the @entity25602 / @entity25602 transcription factor. Here, we cloned the @entity6739 prz1(+) gene, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor highly homologous to @entity25602 / @entity25602 . Similar to the results in budding @entity375 , calcineurin dephosphorylated Prz1 and resulted in the trans-location of Prz1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Prz1 expression was stimulated by high extracellular Ca(2+) in a calcineurin-dependent fashion. However, unlike in budding @entity375 , the prz1-null cells did not show any phenotype similar to those previously reported in calcineurin deletion such as aberrant cell morphology, @entity154 , or @entity56 to Cl(-). Instead, the prz1-null cells showed @entity56 to Ca(2+), consistent with a dramatic decrease in transcription of Pmc1 Ca(2+) pump. Interestingly, overexpression of Prz1 did not suppress the Cl(-) @entity56 of calcineurin deletion, and overexpression of Pmp1 MAPK phosphatase suppressed the Cl(-) @entity56 of calcineurin deletion but not the Ca(2+) @entity56 of prz1 deletion. In addition, mutations in the its2(+)/cps1(+), its8(+), and its10(+)/cdc7(+) genes that showed synthetic lethal genetic interaction with calcineurin deletion did not exhibit synthetic lethality with the prz1 deletion. Our results suggest that calcineurin activates at least two distinct signaling branches, i.e. the Prz1-dependent transcriptional regulation and an unknown mechanism, which functions antagonistically with the Pmk1 MAPK pathway.

title: Zinc finger protein Prz1 regulates Ca2+ but not Cl- homeostasis in @entity6739 . Identification of distinct branches of calcineurin signaling pathway in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['mating defect']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: @entity245 of the hip is often diagnosed in infancy, but less severe cases of @entity7195 are being detected in young active adults. The purpose of this case report is to present a non-surgical intervention for a 31-year-old female with mild @entity7195 and an anterior acetabular labral tear. The @entity1 presented with right anterior hip and groin @entity158 , and she stood with the trunk swayed posterior to the pelvis (swayback posture). The @entity158 was reproduced with the anterior impingement test. During gait, the @entity1 maintained the swayback posture and reported 6/10 @entity158 . Following correction of the @entity1 's posture, the @entity1 's @entity158 rating was reduced to a 2/10 while walking. The @entity1 was instructed to maintain the improved posture. At the 1 year follow-up, she demonstrated significantly improved posture in standing and walking. She had returned to recreational running and was generally @entity158 -free. The @entity1 demonstrated improvement on self-reported questionnaires for @entity158 , function, and activity. These findings suggest that alteration of posture can have an immediate and lasting effect on @entity158 in @entity1 with structural abnormality and labral pathology.

title: Postural correction reduces @entity158 in adult with XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular dysplasia']

answer: @entity7195 :: (OMIM:142700,Disease) :: ['acetabular dysplasia']


abstract: @entity5125 is a bacterial pathogen that multiplies within the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. To identify Listeria genes with preferentially intracellular expression (pic genes), a library of Tn917-lac insertion mutants was screened for transcriptional fusions to lacZ with higher expression inside a macrophage-like cell line than in a rich broth medium. Five pic genes with up to 100-fold induction inside cells were identified. Three of them ( @entity2364 , purD and pyrE) were involved in @entity377 biosynthesis. One was part of an operon encoding an @entity22321 ( @entity855 -binding cassette) transporter for @entity369 . The corresponding mutants were not affected in intracellular growth, cell-to-cell spread or virulence, except for the transporter mutant, whose LD50 after intravenous infection of @entity19 was twofold higher than the wild-type. The fifth gene was plcA, a previously identified virulence gene that encodes a @entity4357 -phospholipase C, and is cotranscribed with prfA, a gene encoding a pleiotropic transcriptional activator of known virulence genes. Although plcA expression is known to depend on PrfA, a prfA promoter-lacZ fusion was highly expressed both inside and outside cells. Furthermore, in the presence of @entity8692 , a disaccharide recently shown to repress plcA and hly expression, plcA and hly mRNA levels were dramatically reduced without any decrease in the monocistronic prfA mRNA levels. These results demonstrate that virulence gene activation does not depend only on prfA transcript accumulation.

title: Five @entity5125 genes preferentially expressed in infected mammalian cells: plcA, @entity2364 , purD, pyrE and an @entity369 XXXX transporter gene, arpJ.

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity8692 :: ('MESH:D002475', 'Chemical') :: ['cellobiose']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity22321 :: (10058,Gene) :: ['ABC']


abstract: Background. Delayed or recurrent profound @entity1576 , @entity943 , @entity647 , and @entity204 are the major complications of @entity21035 @entity1445 . We aimed to clarify the prognostic factors in @entity21035 @entity137 . Materials and Methods. Retrospectively, medical files of all @entity1 poisoned by @entity21035 and older than 12 years of age who had presented to Loghman Hakim Poison Center between 2007 and 2012 were evaluated. The data was compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Results. Twenty-eight out of 322 @entity1 died (mortality rate = 8.7%). @entity21035 -related @entity204 was higher in @entity1 with acute on chronic @entity137 who were on daily dose of @entity21035 and had ingested higher doses (in comparison to those with acute @entity137 due to first-time exposure; 13% versus 6%). @entity177 was the most common medical complication related to @entity204 due to @entity21035 @entity137 . Conclusions. Based on previous researches, the most common cause of @entity21035 @entity1445 -related @entity204 is respiratory impairment; however, in our study, @entity810 with or without @entity5925 was the main delayed cause of @entity204 in @entity21035 -poisoned patients. Antidotal therapy, early recognition, and treatment of hemodynamic compromise and @entity5925 can be life-saving in these @entity1 .

title: Prognostic factors in acute methadone XXXX : a 5-year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia is the most widespread bacteria in insects, yet the ecology of novel acquisitions in natural host populations is poorly understood. Using temporal data separated by 12  years, I tested the hypothesis that immigration of a parasitoid wasp led to transmission of its Wolbachia strain to its dipteran host, resulting in @entity281 , and I used geographic and community surveys to explore the history of transmission in @entity238 and parasitoid. Double @entity281 in the @entity238 host was present before immigration of the parasitoid. Equal prevalence of double @entity281 in males and females, constant prevalence before and after immigration in two regions, and increase in one region of immigration indicate little if no competition between strains. Double @entity281 was present throughout the @entity238 's distribution range, but proportions varied highly (0-0.71, mean  =  0.26). Two @entity238 -specific MLST strains, observed in Eastern and Western Europe, respectively, differed at hcpA only. Flies with either @entity238 could be double infected with the parasitoid's strain. The geographic distribution of double @entity281 implies that it is older than the @entity238 host's extent distribution range and that different proportions of double @entity281 are caused by demographic fluctuations in the @entity238 . The geographic data in combination with community surveys of infections and strains further suggest that the parasitoid strain was the @entity238 's ancestral strain that was transmitted to the parasitoid, that is, the reverse transmission route as first hypothesized. Based on these findings together with a comparison of oviposition strategies of other hosts harboring related @entity6475 , I hypothesize that trans- @entity281 during an insect host's puparial metamorphosis might be important in promoting horizontal transmission among diverse holometabolic taxa.

title: Tracing the history and ecological context of XXXX in a specialist host (Urophora cardui)-parasitoid (Eurytoma serratulae) system.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'double-strain infection']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Wolbachia strains']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Wolbachia double infection']


abstract: Recently, mutations of telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) promoter were found in several types of @entity5 . A few reports demonstrate @entity2215 promoter mutations in @entity43 but @entity1204 has not been studied. The aims of this study were to compare differences of molecular alterations and clinical factors, and identify their prognostic impact in @entity43 . We evaluated mutations of the @entity2215 promoter and @entity10160 , expression of @entity10161 , and other clinicopathological factors in 56 ovarian and 14 @entity1204 . We found that @entity2215 promoter mutations were present in 21% (3/14) of @entity1204 and 16% (9/56) of @entity43 . Compared with @entity43 , @entity1204 showed older mean @entity1 age (P<0.001), preserved @entity10161 immunoreactivity (P=0.017) and infrequent @entity10160 mutation (P=0.025). In @entity43 , @entity2215 promoter mutations were correlated with @entity1 age >45 (P=0.045) and preserved @entity10161 expression (P=0.003). In cases of @entity1204 , @entity2215 promoter mutations were not statistically associated with any other clinicopathological factors. In @entity43 @entity1 with early FIGO stage (stages I and II), @entity2215 promoter mutation was an independent prognostic factor and correlated with a shorter disease-free survival and overall survival (P=0.015 and 0.009, respectively). In recurrent @entity43 @entity1 with early FIGO stage, @entity2215 promoter mutations were associated with early relapse within 6 months (P=0.018). We concluded that @entity2215 promoter mutations were present in @entity43 . Distinct molecular alteration patterns in @entity43 implied different processes of tumorigenesis in these morphologically similar @entity5 . In @entity43 of early FIGO stage, @entity1 with @entity2215 promoter mutation require close follow-up during the initial 6 months following chemotherapy.Modern Pathology advance online publication, 1 August 2014; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2014.93.

title: Molecular alterations in XXXX : clinical impacts of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial clear cell carcinomas', 'endometrial clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian clear cell carcinoma', 'ovarian clear cell carcinomas', 'endometrial and ovarian clear cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['endometrial and ovarian clear cell carcinomas']


abstract: The prevalence of stunting in @entity1 less than five years of age is elevated in Rwanda. It is one of the main health challenges upon which the government is struggling to achieve progress. Health centers and district hospitals in Rwanda are expected to provide a package of health services including nutrition related activities, nutritional rehabilitation, education, and growth monitoring. They can hence play a potent role in alleviating @entity3147 and stunting in Rwanda. This study tested whether travel time from household clusters to the nearest health center was significantly and negatively associated with the distribution of height-for-age z-scores of younger than five year old @entity1 in the eastern province of Rwanda. Data for 974 @entity1 was extracted from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) database. However, since DHS does not contain any information on travel time to health centers, the latter was simulated using AccessMod 4.0, an extension to ArcGIS 9.3.1 that simulates health facilities' catchment areas and travel times to health facilities. Travel time was found to be negatively associated with height-for-age z-scores at the 5% level in a stepwise regression analysis that controlled for wealth index, mother's primary and secondary education, sex of the @entity1 , preceding birth interval, and birth order of the @entity1 . Field measurements are needed to validate travel time. If validated, results point to the importance of improved access to healthcare facilities as a potential pathway in reducing stunting in Rwanda.

title: Geographical accessibility to healthcare and XXXX in Rwanda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognosis and complications of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for @entity2687 in eyes with @entity26681 and to analyze the risk factors for graft failure. @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical records of 13 adult and three pediatric @entity1 who underwent PKP for endothelial decompensation with a previous diagnosis of @entity10064 of a total of 3,663 corneal transplantations performed in our department between January 1987 and December 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. During the study period, a total of 33 PKPs was performed in 20 eyes with @entity26681 . The median age of the @entity1 at the time of PKP was 39 years (range, 3 to 72). All @entity1 had a history of intraocular surgery, including multiple @entity726 surgeries, @entity231 extraction, and PKP. The impact of pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors on graft failure and duration of graft clarity was analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent (11/20) of the eyes received only one graft, 25% (5/20) received two, and 20% (4/20) received three grafts. During a mean follow-up of 87.2 months (range, 4.5-72), graft failure occurred in 18 of 33 grafts (54%). Seven (7/18, 39%) had immunologic graft rejection, and 11 (11/18, 61%) had nonimmunologic graft failure. At the end of the follow-up, 75% (15/20) of the eyes had clear grafts. Duration of graft clarity was found to be significantly shorter in regrafts compared with that of primary grafts (27.0 +/- 27.7 versus 56.4 +/- 41.0 months, p= 0.02). After PKP, intraocular pressure (IOP) was uncontrolled in 12 (12/33, 36%) grafts. Nine of 20 eyes (45%) required an average of 3.2 cyclodestructive procedures per eye for pharmacologically resistant elevated IOP. The final postoperative vision improved in 70% (14/20) of the eyes and the best visual acuity postoperatively (75% > or =20/400) was significantly better than the preoperative visual acuity (25% > or =20/400, p= 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial decompensation due to @entity10064 is a very rare indication for PKP. The incidence of graft failure is high, and nonimmunologic reasons are the leading causes of graft failure in this high-risk population. Visual acuity can be significantly improved but is usually still very limited by advanced glaucomatous @entity1781 and @entity4457 . Efficient control of IOP before and after PKP is mandatory in eyes with @entity26681 to avoid graft failure and progress of glaucomatous @entity1952 .

title: Penetrating keratoplasty for endothelial decompensation in eyes with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve atrophy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity26681 :: ('MESH:D006871', 'Disease') :: ['buphthalmos']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal decompensation']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity26681 :: (MESH:D006871,Disease) :: ['buphthalmos']


abstract: @entity361 , mixed connective tissue type (PMTMCT) is a rare @entity5 that can cause @entity5 -induced @entity4772 due to overproduction of a phosphaturic hormone, @entity11648 ( @entity11648 ). We report here a case of subcutaneous PMTMCT, non-phosphaturic variant, in the sole. We also review 32 Japanese cases of PMTMCT reported in detail. They occurred in 16 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 (one was unknown), with ages ranging 20-73  years (median, 48). @entity5 were found in soft tissue, bone and sinuses in 17, 11 and four, respectively. A history of @entity4772 was noted in all cases except two non-phosphaturic variant cases. Serum @entity11648 level was elevated in 11 of 12 cases examined. In terms of follow-up information, @entity3 were found in four @entity1 , and two @entity1 died of disease. In conclusion, PMTMCT is histologically a benign lesion; however, there may be rare metastatic and malignant cases. Wider recognition of the histological features of this unique @entity5 would aid its distinction from the large number of @entity361 for which it may be mistaken and should enable correct diagnosis of @entity5 with @entity4772 .

title: XXXX , mixed connective tissue type, non-phosphaturic variant: report of a case and review of 32 cases from the Japanese published work.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia', 'long-standing osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity11648 :: ('8074', 'Gene') :: ['FGF23', 'fibroblast growth factor 23']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors', 'Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor']

answer: @entity361 :: (MESH:C535700,Disease) :: ['Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few reports on the relationship between the expression of the CD4 T cells producing interferon-y ( @entity1198 )/interleukin-17 (Th17) and degree of @entity731 . Thus, we analyzed @entity1198 and Th17 cell frequencies in @entity1 with noncardiac @entity662 (control), @entity5749 ( @entity5749 ), and @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and compared the complexity of the coronary artery with the SYNTAX score. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study included 124 @entity1 with a complaint of @entity662 who underwent coronary angiography (control: 30 @entity1 , @entity5749 : 47 @entity1 , @entity583 : 47 @entity1 ). Peripheral blood was sampled during coronary angiography. Mononuclear cells from @entity1 were stimulated for 4   h ex vivo. After staining with specific antibodies and fluorescence, the frequencies of @entity1198 and Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry. The SYNTAX score was calculated by coronary angiography and a web-based calculator. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics, except the higher frequencies of @entity101 in @entity5749 @entity1 (76.1%) and smoking in @entity583 @entity1 (53.3%). @entity1 with @entity5749 showed a significantly higher frequency of @entity1198 cells (21.56  9.57%) compared with controls (14.84  8.58%) and @entity1 with @entity583 (9.04  7.02%) (P<0.001). The frequency of Th17 cells also increased in @entity5749 @entity1 (control: 1.90  1.05%, @entity5749 : 2.96  1.42%, @entity583 : 1.32  0.92%, P<0.001). The SYNTAX score was significantly higher in @entity5749 @entity1 ( @entity5749 : 21.51  11.67, @entity583 : 15.36  8.84, P=0.006) and correlated with the frequencies of @entity1198 and Th17 cells (r=0.359, P=0.001; r=0.248, P=0.031; respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1198 and Th17 cells were related to the development of @entity5749 , but not @entity583 . They could be a useful marker for the complexity of @entity731 in @entity453 .

title: Role of @entity1198 and Th17 cells in the development and complexity of XXXX : comparison analysis by the methods of flow cytometry and SYNTAX score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina', 'SA']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: According to the Framingham Study, arterial @entity101 and @entity453 are the major etiologic factors in the development of @entity712 . Regulatory systems that may affect @entity712 include the Frank-Starling mechanism, neurohormonal responses, cardiac growth and peripheral @entity26 delivery. Recently, the interrelationship between the neuroendocrine system and cardiac growth has aroused much interest. In the pressure- or volume-overloaded heart, @entity1184 growth of the myocardium includes the enlargement of cardiac myocytes, an adaptation governed by ventricular loading. Nonmyocyte cell growth involving @entity299 may also occur but is not primarily regulated by the hemodynamic load. Cardiac fibroblast activation is responsible for the accumulation of @entity1413 within the interstitium and adventitia of intramyocardial coronary arteries, while vascular smooth muscle cell growth accounts for the medial thickening of these vessels. This remodeling of the cardiac interstitium is a major determinant of pathological @entity1184 in that it accounts for abnormal @entity296 and impaired coronary vasodilator reserve, leading to @entity67 and, ultimately, symptomatic @entity712 . Several lines of evidence suggest that the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system is involved in regulating the structural remodeling of the nonmyocyte compartment; this accounts for the cardioprotective effects of @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibition, which prevents @entity296 in @entity35 with @entity2792 . In @entity35 with @entity101 , established @entity4346 , abnormal diastolic stiffness due to interstitial @entity82 and reduced coronary vasodilator reserve associated with medial wall thickening of intramyocardial resistance vessels, the @entity1811 inhibitor @entity3593 restored myocardial structure and function towards normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The cardiac structure-function relationship and the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system in @entity101 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stiffness', 'myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'genetic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibroblasts']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillar type I and type III collagens']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity18225 is a @entity669 kinase inhibitor with a pre-clinical profile suggesting greater affinity and selectivity in vitro for the wild-type @entity2467 receptor and its juxtamembrane mutation than @entity2213 . METHODS: This dose-escalation study was conducted in @entity1 with advanced and/or @entity5 to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for orally administered @entity18225 over a 12-week period. Secondary objectives were a clinical assessment of @entity18225 's activity in @entity5 @entity1 and establishment of a pharmacokinetic profile. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 with various solid @entity5 (predominantly @entity677 , 19 @entity1 ) were treated with @entity18225 at doses ranging between 0.7 and 17.2mg/kg/day. Although the MTD was not formally reached, an acceptable dose for chronic use was identified at 12 mg/kg/day. Treatment-related AEs were frequent (38/40 @entity1 ), however, the majority were grade 1 or 2 and demonstrated dose dependency at higher concentrations. Pharmacokinetic results showed a linear, dose-dependent increase of C(max) and AUC. One of two @entity677 @entity1 with @entity2213 intolerance had a partial response at 11.1mg/kg/day. About 29% of the @entity2213 -resistant @entity677 population and 38% of the overall population had stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: The safety profile of @entity18225 at 12 mg/kg/day b.i.d. for the treatment of solid @entity5 appears favourable and compatible with a long-term regimen. Tumour control rate in @entity2213 -resistant @entity1 was encouraging, hence, the activity of @entity18225 in @entity2467 expressing @entity5 , such as @entity677 , warrants further exploration as first-line anticancer therapy as well as for @entity2213 -resistant @entity1 .

title: Phase 1 dose-escalation study of oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor XXXX in advanced and/or metastatic solid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity18225 :: ('MESH:C526575', 'Chemical') :: ['Masitinib', 'masitinib']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity18225 :: (MESH:C526575,Chemical) :: ['masitinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare physical activity levels (PALs) of free-living adults with chronic @entity451 with World Health Organization recommendations and to compare energy expenditure between @entity1 with complete vs. incomplete @entity451 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Twenty-seven euthyroid adults (17 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ) with @entity451 (12.5 +/- 9.5 years since onset; 17 with complete lesions and 10 with @entity75 ) participated in this cross-sectional study. Resting metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by heart rate monitoring. @entity17773 was calculated as TDEE/resting metabolic rate. Total body water was measured by deuterium dilution and fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) by calculation (FFM = total body water/0.732; FM = weight - FFM). Obesity was defined using the following percentage FM cutoffs: @entity1 18 to 40 years >22% and 41 to 60 years >25%; and @entity1 18 to 40 years >35% and 41 to 60 years >38%. RESULTS: Nineteen subjects (70.4%; 13 @entity1 and six @entity1 ) were @entity28 . Fifteen subjects (56%) engaged in structured physical activity 1.46 +/- 0.85 times during the observation period for a mean of 49.4 +/- 31.0 minutes per session. Despite this, mean @entity17773 of the group was 1.56 +/- 0.34, indicative of limited physical activity. TDEE was 24.6% lower in subjects with complete @entity451 (2072 +/- 505 vs. 2582 +/- 852 kcal/d, p = 0.0372). DISCUSSION: @entity17773 of the group was low, indicating that @entity1 with @entity451 need to engage in increased frequency, intensity, and/or duration of structured physical activity to achieve a @entity17773 >/=1.75 and, thereby, to offset sedentary activities of daily living.

title: Physical activity levels are low in free-living adults with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete lesions']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1378 is known to be associated with the risk of @entity174 in elderly @entity1 . However, there are few studies assessing whether low normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels affect bone density and geometry. Here, we aimed to assess the influence of the TSH level on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and geometry in elderly euthyroid subjects. This was a cross-sectional cohort study. A total of 343 @entity1 and 674 @entity1 with @entity3214 were included and analyzed separately. The subjects were divided into tertiles based on the serum TSH level. The @entity79 and geometry were measured using dual-energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry and a hip structural analysis program. Multiple regression analysis was used to compute the odds ratios of @entity170 in the lower TSH tertile group and the association between geometry parameters and the TSH level. We found that the femoral neck and total hip BMDs were lower in the lower TSH tertile group. In @entity1 , the cross-sectional area and cortical thickness of the femur were negatively associated with the TSH level in all three regions (the narrow neck, intertrochanter, and femoral shaft); however, in @entity1 , these geometry parameters were significantly associated with the TSH level only in the intertrochanter region. The buckling ratio, a bone geometry parameter representing cortical instability, was significantly higher in the lower TSH tertile group in all three regions in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 . Our results indicated that lower TSH levels in the euthyroid range are related to lower @entity79 and weaker femoral structure in elderly @entity1 .

title: Low Normal TSH levels are Associated with XXXX and Hip Geometry in the Elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Subclinical hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroidism']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Impaired BMD']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 159 Background: We evaluated the incidence of local recurrence (LR) among @entity1 (pts) who received radiotherapy with/without a supplementary dose of radiation (boost) to the @entity5 bed after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for early @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: In our retrospective analysis (from 2000-2004) 449 pts with stage I/II @entity0 received 50Gy of radiation to the whole breast in 2Gy fractions over a five-week period after BCS. There were 328 pts (73%) with microscopically complete excision (>5mm margins) and 121 pts (27%) with a microscopically incomplete excision (<= 5mm margins). @entity1 with a microscopically complete or incomplete excision were randomly assigned to receive either no further local treatment (190) or an additional localized dose (309) of 10-16Gy, usually given in 5-8 fractions (fr) by electrons/15Gy in 3 fr by HDR interstitial brachytherapy. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 79 months (min 20, max 120), the cumulative incidence of LR was 3% for all group of pts (449). The LR was observed in 1 of 190 pts in group without boost and 13 of 309 pts in group with boost. There was statistically significant difference between two groups of pts regarding local recurrence rate (LRR) (p= 0.0218).The 5 year actuarial rates of LR were 1% in group of pts with negative surgical margins versus 8% in group of pts with positive margins [95% CI, 6% (1%-26%)] (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that pts with negative surgical margins had strongly statistically significant influence (p<0.001) and pts with negative lymph/angioinvasion had statistically significant influence on low risk of LR (p = 0.007). The 5 year DFS was 90% and @entity3012 was 98% in all group of pts (449). There was no statistical significant difference between two groups of pts regarding DFS and @entity3012 . CONCLUSIONS: In our analysis, the incidence of LR is low. However, there was better result in no boost group of pts regarding LRR. The cause was in more frequent selection among worse group of pts with positive surgical margins for application of boost (73% vs 52%, p<0.0001). The strong criteria for identifying low risk group of pts for LR were: negative surgical margins and absence of lymph/angioinvasion.

title: Incidence of local recurrence in XXXX after breast-conserving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy with or without a supplementary radiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of the study was to find factors that may influence diagnostic process of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). Clinical presentation, lung function data and radiological changes were assessed in 57 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity2416 . There were 25 females and 32 males in the study group; mean age was 61.4 +/- 10.9 years. Mean duration of symptoms in the whole group was 18.4 +/- 16.0 months. The most common symptoms were @entity1353 on exertion (96.5% of cases) and cough (84.2% of cases). 56 out of 57 @entity1 (98.2% of cases) had crackles on ausculation of the lungs. In one third of the @entity1 @entity28271 was found. Mean FVC% of predicted was 77.2 +/- 19.8%, and mean DLCO% of predicted was 61.6 +/- 16.8%. The most common associated disease was @entity741 , found in 43.9% of @entity1 . Duration of symptoms in @entity1 with @entity741 was 25.7 +/- 18.8 months and was as twice long as in the rest of the @entity1 , 12.8 +/- 10.5 months (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: 1: Associated @entity741 may cause delay in establishing the diagnosis of @entity2416 ; 2. Crackles on ausculation are characteristic for @entity2416 and together with disseminated changes on chest radiograms indicate correct diagnosis in @entity1 with associated @entity741 .

title: [ @entity741 as a factor for hindering diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity28271 :: ('MESH:D010005', 'Disease') :: ['clubbing of the fingers']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined the prevalence of @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity162 during an episode of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) major @entity308 who do not meet criteria for a mixed episode. METHOD: A chart review of 111 @entity1 with @entity162 treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital Bipolar Clinic between 1998 and 2000 identified 34 @entity1 who met criteria for a DSM-IV major @entity308 in the absence of (1) mood elevation and/or (2) @entity146 associated with any additional above threshold DSM-IV symptoms of @entity162 . Data gathered from the charts utilized prospective ratings made routinely at each clinic visit using the Clinical Monitoring Form (CMF), a structured assessment instrument which includes modified versions of the mood modules of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Data from these 34 @entity1 were reviewed to determine the presence of @entity146 . RESULTS: The frequency of abnormal @entity146 in these 34 @entity1 followed a bimodal distribution: 26% of the @entity1 showed abnormal @entity146 > or =75% of the time, compared with 68% of the @entity1 with abnormal @entity146 < or =30% of the time. Of the high- @entity146 @entity1 , @entity2146 was rated as definitely present to a significant degree in 44%. @entity1021 and distractibility were rated present but subthreshold in one @entity1 each. All other symptoms of DSM-IV @entity162 were absent. CONCLUSION: Approximately 25% of @entity1 with @entity162 who meet criteria for a DSM-IV major @entity308 also experienced substantial @entity146 in the absence of associated symptoms of @entity162 . Our results suggest that abnormal @entity146 is not limited to @entity162 or mixed states.

title: Presence of @entity146 during @entity308 episodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['mania', 'bipolar I disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['Talkativeness']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor agitation']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 2-level @entity348 ( @entity348 ) using a Mobi-C cervical artificial disc at 48 months' follow-up. METHODS A prospective randomized, US FDA investigational device exemption pivotal trial of the Mobi-C cervical artificial disc was conducted at 24 centers in the US. Three hundred thirty @entity1 with @entity179 were randomized and treated with cervical @entity348 (225 @entity1 ) or the control treatment, @entity11375 ( @entity11375 ) (105 @entity1 ). @entity1 were followed up at regular intervals for 4 years after surgery. RESULTS At 48 months, both groups demonstrated improvement in clinical outcome measures and a comparable safety profile. Data were available for 202 @entity348 @entity1 and 89 @entity11375 @entity1 in calculation of the primary endpoint. @entity348 @entity1 had statistically significantly greater improvement than @entity11375 @entity1 for the following outcome measures compared with baseline: Neck Disability Index scores, 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary scores, @entity1 satisfaction, and overall success. @entity11375 @entity1 experienced higher subsequent surgery rates and displayed a higher rate of adjacent-segment degeneration as seen on radiographs. Overall, @entity348 @entity1 maintained segmental range of motion through 48 months with no device failure. CONCLUSIONS Four-year results from this study continue to support @entity348 as a safe, effective, and statistically superior alternative to @entity11375 for the treatment of @entity179 at 2 contiguous cervical levels. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00389597 ( clinicaltrials.gov ).

title: Two-level XXXX with Mobi-C cervical artificial disc versus anterior discectomy and fusion: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter clinical trial with 4-year follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total disc replacement', 'TDR']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cervical discectomy and fusion', 'ACDF']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total disc replacement']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Malva sylvestris extract (MSE) and fractions in a co-culture model of cells infected by @entity3841 . In addition, we evaluated the phytochemical content in the extract and fractions of M. sylvestris and demonstrated that @entity6398 were the most frequent group in all samples studied. An in vitro dual-chamber model to mimic the periodontal structure was developed using a monolayer of epithelial keratinocytes (OBA-9) and a subepithelial layer of fibroblasts (HGF-1). The invasive periodontopathogen A. actinomycetemcomitans (D7S-1) was applied to migrate through the cell layers and induce the synthesis of immune factors and cytokines in the host cells. In an attempt to analyze the antimicrobial properties of MSE and fractions, a susceptibility test was carried out. The extract (MIC 175  g/mL, MBC 500 g/mL) and @entity3636 fraction (MIC 150  g/mL, MBC 250  g/mL) were found to have inhibitory activity. The extract and all fractions were assessed using a cytotoxicity test and results showed that concentrations under 100  g/mL did not significantly reduce cell viability compared to the control group (p > 0.05, viability > 90%). In order to analyze the inflammatory response, transcriptional factors and cytokines were quantified in the supernatant released from the cells. The @entity3636 fraction was the most effective in reducing the bacterial colonization (p< 0.05) and controlling inflammatory mediators, and promoted the down-regulation of genes including @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity5750 , PTGS, @entity3334 and @entity1639 as well as the reduction of the @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity2841 protein levels (p< 0.05). Malva sylvestris and its @entity3636 fraction minimized the A. actinomycetemcomitans @entity281 and @entity32 processes in oral @entity1 cells by a putative pathway that involves important cytokines and receptors. Therefore, this natural product may be considered as a successful dual anti-inflammatory-antimicrobial candidate.

title: Malva sylvestris Inhibits Inflammatory Response in Oral XXXX Cells. An In Vitro Infection Model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and objectives Many clinical management guidelines for @entity102 have been published, but they have not been put into practice by busy clinicians at primary care levels. This study evaluates the implementation of national guidelines incorporated within a structured @entity6 and @entity101 clinical record (SR) in Cape Town in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods Eighteen public sector @entity497 ( @entity497 ) were randomly selected and allocated as intervention or control @entity497 . At each clinic, 25 @entity1 with @entity6 and 35 @entity1 with @entity101 were enrolled at baseline. Questionnaires were completed, blood samples were collected, blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measures were taken and @entity1 records were audited. SR with clinical guideline prompts were introduced at the intervention clinics after training doctors in their use and suggestions to incorporate them in regular @entity1 records. Contact was maintained during the year of intervention with the clinic staff. A follow-up survey was conducted 1 year later to assess BP and HbA1c, and the @entity1 records were examined to ascertain the extent of use of the SR in the intervention clinics. In-depth interviews were conducted with doctors and nurses to record their response to the intervention. Results The intervention evaluated in this RCT had no impact on either @entity6 or @entity101 control. In the intervention clinics, less than 60% of the @entity1 folders contained the SR and when present was seldom used. Although the staff were well disposed to the research team, their workload prohibited them from undertaking a true evaluation of the SR, and overall they did not perceive the SR as supporting their current process of @entity1 care. Conclusions No benefit to @entity6 of @entity101 care by introducing and availability of the staff in the use of the SR was shown in this RCT. The process measures suggest that the SR was not widely used by the healthcare provided in the primary care clinics.

title: Implementation of national guidelines, incorporated within structured @entity6 and XXXX records at primary level care in Cape Town, South Africa: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health centres', 'CHC']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze life-threatening conditions of the premature neonates who required hospitalization in The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Postnatal mortality was also taken into consideration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of the neonates born prematurely in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Medical University in Warsaw in the period from 1st January, 2002 to 31st December, 2002. Birth weight, gestational age, reasons of @entity1576 , co-existing diseases, complications and causes of postnatal death were analyzed. RESULTS: 44 out of 174 prematures were admitted to NICU because of the necessity of mechanical ventilation. There were several main pulmonary reasons of @entity1576 : @entity649 , @entity55 , and transient @entity4837 . @entity281 was the most frequent co-existing problem. The serious complications of the prematurity included @entity989 and persistent @entity432 (requiring surgical procedures). All deaths in the study group were noted in @entity1 with birth weight below 1250 g. CONCLUSIONS: Prematurity and its complications were the main causes of life-threatening conditions in newborns that lead to hospitalization in NICU. The postnatal mortality rate was the highest in premature neonates with birth weight below 1000 g (33.3%).

title: [Life threatening conditions in premature XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnoe of neonates']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['primary pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Primary infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial duct']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The clinicopathologic results from 58 @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity1821 are reported. Thirty-two @entity5 involved the extremities, 20 the retroperitoneum, 4 the scrotum, 1 the abdominal wall, and 1 the cheek. Most @entity5 were large (mean, 22.6 cm). There were 31 (53%) @entity362 -like, 23 (40%) sclerosing, and 4 (7%) primary dedifferentiated @entity5 . Six @entity5 underwent dedifferentiation after recurrence. The average follow-up period was 9.3 years. Thirty-seven @entity1 (64%) were alive with no evidence of disease; 7 (12%) were alive with disease; 8 (14%) died of disease; and 6 (10%) died of other causes. Dedifferentiation did not indicate imminent @entity204 ; 5 of the 10 @entity1 were alive with no evidence of disease. Three dedifferentiated @entity5 subsequently recurred as pure well-differentiated @entity1821 . @entity1 with @entity5 had a significantly better prognosis than those with @entity5 (P = .006). @entity5 treated by wide local excision recurred in only 11% of cases, whereas 60% of those treated by marginal or simple excision recurred.

title: Well-differentiated XXXX . The Mayo Clinic experience with 58 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Extremity tumors', 'extremity tumors', 'retroperitoneal or scrotal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['liposarcoma']


abstract: In this work, the effects of @entity505 sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) have been studied. BC nanofibers were synthesized using @entity20196 PTCC 1734. Media used were Hestrin-Schramm (H), Yamanaka (Y), and Zhou (Z). Five different @entity505 sources, namely date syrup, @entity413 , @entity2656 , @entity969 , and food-grade @entity969 were used in these media. All the produced BC pellicles were characterized in terms of dry weight production, biomass yield, thermal stability, crystallinity and morphology by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The obtained results showed that @entity2656 lead to the highest yield, followed by @entity969 . The highest production efficiency of @entity2656 might be due to the @entity1568 source, which plays an important role. The maximum improvement on the thermal stability of the composites was achieved when @entity2656 was used in H medium. In addition, the crystallinity was higher in BC formed in H medium compared to other media. FE-SEM micrographs illustrated that the BC pellicles, synthesized in the culture media H and Z, were stable, unlike those in medium Y that were unstable. The micrographs of BC produced in media containing @entity2656 and @entity969 provided evidence of the strong interfacial adhesion between the BC fibers without noticeable aggregates.

title: Production of bacterial cellulose using different XXXX sources and culture media.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity20196 :: ('28448', 'Species') :: ['Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: HRIG is the best preparate in rabies prophylaxis, and it's considered that optimal dose is 20 international units per kilogram and must not been reduced or @entity1445 . HRIG have to be injected infiltrative around bite wounds, and if after that remains a part of the dose, it has to be given in gluteal muscle. Application only in gluteus is vitium artis. CASE REPORT: At one @entity1 immunized against rabies has occured acute bilateral @entity158 and fever at time of immunization against rabies, and because of that vaccination must been stopped after the 3rd dose of vaccine. @entity1 was a 26-year-old female without significant pre-existing disease, bitten by stray @entity235 . After the start of immunization, because the wrong direction, she received about 2.5 more amount of @entity1 rabies immunoglobuline (HRIG) then is recommended on declaration at etiquette of ampoule, and only in gluteus in quantity of 10.5 ml. DISCUSSION: @entity631 after rabies vaccination until now was described just once by Singhal et al. in 1981. year. Acute @entity158 , after rabies vaccine, which aggravated after repeated vaccine doses in our @entity1 who received @entity1445 HRIG, may be explained by immunopathological mechanism, rather with formation of circulating immune complexes, their precipitation on the glomerular basement membrane and developing @entity631 . CONCLUSION: Low weight soluble molecular immune complexes formed when antigen is in excess, as in case after repeated doses of rabies vaccine, circulate and precipitate on glomerular membrane and causes @entity631 . As contribution to this explanation, is that symptoms as @entity158 disappeared after interrupting vaccination protocol in our @entity1 .

title: [Acute XXXX as an adverse reaction of the rabies immunization].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['renal pain']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdosed']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['renal pain']


abstract: @entity957 of unknown primary origin has been described in several case reports of female @entity1 . However, there have been no published reports describing male @entity1 with pelvic @entity1544 of unknown primary origin. Our case describes a 52-year-old @entity1 who presented with right buttock @entity158 , rectal urgency, and @entity1142 . His physical examination demonstrated tenderness to palpation around his gluteal folds. Computed tomography scan of his abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a large mass in his retroperitoneum. The mass was determined to be @entity957 of unknown primary origin. Additionally, the @entity1 had small nodules in his right lower lung lobe and right hepatic lobe. The @entity1 was treated with concomitant chemoradiation, including @entity900 and intensity-modulated radiation therapy, followed by @entity3003 and @entity1311 . The @entity1 achieved partial remission, in which he remained one year after his presentation. Our case is consistent with the literature which suggests that @entity957 of unknown primary origin occurring outside of the head and neck region may have a more favorable prognosis than other @entity189 of unknown primary origin. Further studies are necessary to determine the most appropriate work-up, diagnosis, and optimal treatment strategies.

title: XXXX of unknown primary origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'Pelvic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Male pelvic squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity170 is the consequence of altered bone metabolism resulting in the systemic reduction of bone strength and increased risk of @entity174 . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression on a post-transcriptional level and are known to take part in the control of bone formation and bone resorption. In addition, it is known that miRNAs are secreted by many cell types and can transfer "messages" to recipient cells. Thus, circulating miRNAs might not only be useful as surrogate biomarkers for the diagnosis or prognosis of pathological conditions, but could be actively modulating tissue physiology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether circulating miRNAs that exhibit changes in recent @entity3604 @entity1 could be causally related to bone metabolism. In the first step we performed an explorative analysis of 175 miRNAs in serum samples obtained from 7 female @entity1 with recent @entity3604 at the femoral neck, and 7 age-matched female controls. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed a high discriminatory power of the top 10 circulating miRNAs for @entity1 with recent @entity3604 . In total 6 miRNAs, miR-10a-5p, miR-10b-5p, @entity19953 , @entity10019 , miR-328-3p, and let-7g-5p exhibited significantly different serum levels in response to @entity174 (adjusted p-value<0.05). These miRNAs were subsequently analyzed in a validation cohort of 23 @entity1 (11 control, 12 @entity174 ), which confirmed significant regulation for @entity10019 , miR-328-3p, and let-7g-5p. A set of these and of other miRNAs known to change in the context of @entity3604 were subsequently tested for their effects on osteogenic differentiation of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The results show that 5 out of 7 tested miRNAs can modulate osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. Overall, these data suggest that levels of specific circulating miRNAs change in the context of recent @entity3604 and that such perturbations of "normal" levels might affect bone metabolism or bone healing processes.

title: Differentially circulating miRNAs after recent XXXX can influence osteogenic differentiation.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current dose-optimizing Phase II study evaluated the effect of weekly @entity1311 and @entity136 on the response rate and survival of @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) using dose modifications that permitted optimal treatment intensity. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 (40 with TNM Stage IV and 5 with TNM Stage IIIB @entity1149 ) were treated with @entity136 at 1000 mg/m(2) via a 30-minute intravenous (i.v.) infusion and with @entity1311 at 100 mg/m(2) via a 60-minute i.v. infusion. The first 3 @entity1 received chemotherapy on Days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks; the next 42 @entity1 , participating in the Phase II trial, received chemotherapy on Days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. RESULTS: The 3 @entity1 who received @entity1311 and @entity136 on Days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks tolerated the treatment poorly. One @entity1 died suddenly after Day 15 treatment during the first cycle, and the other 2 @entity1 discontinued the treatment because of unacceptable @entity137 before the third cycle of chemotherapy. The next 42 @entity1 , 40 of whom were evaluable, entered this trial between May 2000 and April 2001. They received @entity1311 at 100 mg/m(2) i.v. followed by @entity136 at 1000 mg/m(2) i.v. on Days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. Two @entity1 (5%) achieved complete response, 20 (50%) achieved partial response, and 8 (20%) had stable disease. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 9.8 months; and 1-year survival was 35%. The 32 @entity1 with performance status (PS) 0 or 1 had an @entity1349 of 11 months; the 8 @entity1 with PS 2 had an @entity1349 of 3 months. @entity137 (especially hematologic @entity137 , @entity16 , and @entity1665 ) was minimal. CONCLUSION: A weekly @entity1311 and @entity136 regimen that incorporated the authors' dose modifications resulted in good efficacy with minimal @entity137 .

title: Weekly @entity1311 and XXXX chemotherapy for metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ): a dose-optimizing phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Median survival', 'MS']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: The effect of the @entity460 antagonists @entity594 (NF) and @entity3988 (DT) on reperfusion after release of circumflex coronary artery (CX) occlusion was studied in open-chest @entity235 . @entity235 were randomized to receive a bolus of 5 micrograms/kg NF (seven @entity235 ), 1 microgram/kg NF (nine @entity235 ), or vehicle (nine @entity235 ). After bolus, high and low dose NF @entity235 were infused with 1 microgram/kg/min NF. All @entity235 then underwent 30 minutes CX occlusion followed by reperfusion. @entity235 that did not develop @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) in the first 10 minutes of reperfusion were considered survivors. NF caused a dose-related increase in CX blood flow and decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP), significant at the higher dose. Reperfusion @entity2224 occurred in five of nine low dose NF @entity235 , five of seven high dose NF @entity235 , and five of nine controls. Another 21 @entity235 were randomized to receive a bolus of 0.2 mg/kg DT (11 @entity235 ) or vehicle (10 @entity235 ). Infusion rates (and an additional bolus injection, if necessary) were chosen to produce a 10 to 20 mm Hg drop in MAP. CX occlusion and reperfusion were performed as above. Reperfusion @entity2224 occurred in 9 of 11 DT @entity235 vs 8 of 10 controls. Thus neither @entity594 nor @entity3988 enhanced survival during reperfusion of myocardium previously subjected to 30 minutes of @entity63 .

title: Effects of XXXX channel blocking agents on reperfusion arrhythmias.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity2913 is defined as a @entity3928 located in the mesentery, and has rarely been reported. Before the clinical use of ultrasound (US), the imaging diagnosis of the abdominal mass depended on plain X-ray films and contrast examinations to delineate the space occupying lesion. The later use of US enables us to readily identify mass character. For example, whether it is cystic or solid, with or without septum, or whether there is sediment in the cyst. US examination is the method of choice in evaluating abdominal masses. Two cases of pediatric @entity2913 were brought to our hospital on account of complication. US of the first @entity1 revealed a huge @entity3928 with sediment and septae in central abdomen. Mild hydronephrotic change of the right kidney was found. The pathology showed nonepithelial lining multiloculated cyst surrounded by a thick, fibrotic granulomatous wall with suppurative cell infiltration and some @entity730 . The histopathological diagnosis was an infected pseudocyst. The other @entity1 had a cyst which twisted the jejunum and resulted in @entity1321 . US found dilated intestinal loops and a septate @entity3928 in epigastrium. The pathology showed a multiloculated cyst with mesothelial lining, representing a mesothelial cyst. Both @entity1 were treated surgically and had an uneventful recovery. In this article we described and explained the findings on US, discussed the differential diagnoses and compared different imaging modalities.

title: [Sonographic appearances of XXXX --report of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity2913 :: ('MESH:D008639', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric cysts', 'Mesenteric cyst']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity2913 :: (MESH:D008639,Disease) :: ['mesenteric cysts']


abstract: Pathogens can be an important selective agent in plant evolution because they can severely reduce plant fitness and growth. However, the role of pathogen selection on plant evolution depends on the extent of genetic variation for resistance traits and their covariance with host fitness. Although it is usually assumed that resistance traits will covary with plant fitness, this assumption has not been tested rigorously in plant-pathogen interactions. Many plant species are tolerant to herbivores, decoupling the relationship between resistance and fitness. Tolerance to pathogens can reduce selection for resistance and alter the effect of pathogens on plant evolution. In this study, we measured three components of @entity958 resistance (pathogen growth, disease symptoms, and host fitness) to the bacteria @entity3437 and investigated their covariation to determine the relative importance of resistance and tolerance. We observed extensive quantitative variation in the severity of disease symptoms, the bacterial population size, and the effect of @entity281 on host fitness among 19 accessions of A. thaliana infected with @entity3437 . The severity of disease symptoms was strongly and positively correlated with bacterial population size. Although the average fitness of infected plants was smaller than noninfected plants, we found no correlation between the bacterial growth or symptoms expressed by different accessions of A. thaliana and their relative fitness after @entity281 . These results indicate that the accessions studied vary in tolerance to @entity3437 , reducing the strength of selection on resistance traits, and that symptoms and bacterial growth are not good predictors of host fitness.

title: Genetic variation for disease resistance and tolerance among XXXX accessions.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['P. syringae', 'Pseudomonas syringae']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) requires adequate depth of anaesthesia, which provides jaw relaxation and suppression of upper airway reflexes. @entity1875 can provide these conditions especially when combined with narcotics. This study had been designed to find out the effect-site concentration (EC50) of @entity1875 using target controlled infusion (TCI) when @entity3575 or @entity1286 is added as an adjuvant. METHODS: @entity1 satisfying inclusion criteria were divided into @entity3575 and @entity1286 groups. Intravenous @entity10445 0.2 mg was given 15 min before induction. @entity1 were given either intravenous @entity3575 (1  g/kg) or @entity1286 (0.1 mg/kg) before @entity1875 infusion depending on the group. @entity1 in either groups were induced by continuous infusion of @entity1875 at an EC of 6  g/mL by TCI with Schneider pharmacokinetic model. The LMA supreme of appropriate size was inserted 1 min after achieving target concentration. @entity1 movement at LMA insertion or within 1 min of insertion was classified as failure. For subsequent @entity1 , the target EC was increased/decreased depending on previous @entity1 ' response. Dixons up and down method was used to determine the EC50. The EC50 is defined as the mean of crossover midpoints in each pair of failure to success. RESULTS: The EC50 of @entity1875 in the @entity3575 group for LMA insertion was 5.95    0.6  g/ml and @entity1286 group was 5.75    0.8  g/ml. No significant difference in insertion conditions was noticed between the two groups (P = 0.3). CONCLUSION: We conclude that there was no significant difference in @entity1875 EC50 for insertion of LMA and insertion conditions were similar when @entity3575 or @entity1286 was used as an adjuvant drug.

title: Estimation of effect-site concentration of XXXX for laryngeal mask airway insertion using @entity3575 or @entity1286 as adjuvant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: A study was started in 1976 whereby @entity1 with Stage II and operable Stage III @entity2675 were given adjuvant @entity440 for 1 year, increasing to 2 years from 1988. All @entity1 had axillary nodal involvement. Primary treatment consisted of a radical mastectomy or simple mastectomy with radiotherapy. The rarity of the disease precluded a randomised trial. Thirty-nine @entity1 are available for analysis at a median follow-up of 49 months. The actuarial survival of the @entity440 treated @entity1 is 61% (range 42-80%) at 5 years compared to 44% (range 35-53%) for historical controls (P = 0.006). Disease-free survival was 56% (37-75%) vs 28% (17-33%) at 5 years (P = 0.005). There were no serious side-effects recorded. The conclusion from this, the first reported series on adjuvant @entity440 therapy for @entity2675 , is that significant improvement in disease-free survival can be achieved with minimal upset to the @entity1 . Recruitment to the study continues.

title: Adjuvant @entity440 for @entity2675 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['MBC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated @entity293 (CAUTIs) are among the most common health care-associated infections in the United States, yet little is known about the prevention and epidemiology of pediatric CAUTIs. METHODS: An observational study was conducted to assess the impact of a CAUTI quality improvement prevention bundle that included institution-wide standardization of and training on urinary catheter insertion and maintenance practices, daily review of catheter necessity, and rapid review of all CAUTIs. Poisson regression was used to determine the impact of the bundle on CAUTI rates. A retrospective cohort study was performed to describe the epidemiology of incident pediatric CAUTIs at a tertiary care @entity1 's hospital over a 3-year period (June 2009 to June 2012). RESULTS: Implementation of the CAUTI prevention bundle was associated with a 50% reduction in the mean monthly CAUTI rate (95% confidence interval: -1.28 to -0.12; P = .02) from 5.41 to 2.49 per 1000 catheter-days. The median monthly catheter utilization ratio remained unchanged;    90% of @entity1 had an indication for urinary catheterization. Forty-four @entity1 experienced 57 CAUTIs over the study period. Most @entity1 with CAUTIs were female (75%), received care in the pediatric or cardiac ICUs (70%), and had at least 1 complex chronic condition (98%). Nearly 90% of @entity1 who developed a CAUTI had a recognized indication for initial catheter placement. CONCLUSIONS: CAUTI is a common pediatric health care-associated @entity281 . Implementation of a prevention bundle can significantly reduce CAUTI rates in @entity1 .

title: Reducing catheter-associated XXXX : a quality-improvement initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: There are several methods used for non-surgical sterilization in birth control including @entity3543 , @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ), @entity2929 , @entity803 , @entity7292 and talcum powder. Among these, talcum powder, @entity2974 and @entity7292 are the most commonly used. However, the toxic and carcinogenic activities of these chemicals in ovarian tissue have been poorly elucidated. This study demonstrates the expression levels of antioxidant, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes after administration of talc powder, @entity2974 and @entity7292 for non-surgical sterilization in female @entity35 models. The expression changes of some microRNAs ( @entity51003 , @entity34323 , @entity19309 and @entity63730 ) that play key roles in the apoptosis pathway were also included. All expression analyses were evaluated with real-time PCR. The expression levels of all genes appeared to be upregulated in the talcum powder group, but the results were not statistically significant. Increased expression of Gsr and @entity24544 genes was statistically significant in the talcum powder group. In @entity2974 and @entity7292 group, expression of all genes was appeared to be elevated but only the Gsr expression was statistically significant in the @entity2974 -administrated group; there were no statistically significant changes in the @entity7292 group. miRNA expression levels were increased in talcum powder and @entity2974 -administrated groups, but these results were not significant. Expression levels of @entity51003 , @entity34323 and @entity63730 in the @entity7292 group were significantly increased. Consequently, these chemicals appear to be non-carcinogenic agents for @entity35 ovarian tissue which do not induce apoptosis. However, talcum powder and @entity2974 can be considered as agents that are toxic to ovarian tissue.

title: Application of talcum powder, XXXX and @entity7292 in female @entity35 for non-surgical sterilization: evaluation of the apoptotic pathway mRNA and miRNA genes.

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity2804 :: (MESH:D014238,Chemical) :: ['trichloroacetic acid']


abstract: Liver is a major regulator of lipid metabolism and adaptation to fasting, a process involving @entity3229 activation. We recently showed that the @entity64620 gene is a @entity3229 target gene in liver and that release of the @entity64620 pantetheinase in serum is a biomarker of @entity3229 activation. Here we set up a screen to identify new regulators of adaptation to fasting using the serum @entity64620 as a marker of @entity3229 activation. Mutagenized @entity19 were screened for low serum @entity64620 expression. Functional interactions with @entity3229 were investigated by combining transcriptomic, biochemical and @entity209 approaches. We characterized a new mutant @entity19 in which hepatic and serum expression of @entity64620 is depressed. This @entity19 carries a mutation in the HMG domain of the @entity25235 transcription factor. Mutant @entity19 display a @entity209 phenotype featuring lipid abnormalities and inefficient adaptation to fasting. Upon fasting, a fraction of the @entity3229 -driven transcriptional program is no longer induced and associated with impaired @entity844 oxidation. The transcriptional phenotype is partially observed in heterozygous @entity25235 +/- @entity19 . In mutant @entity19 , the fasting phenotype but not all transcriptomic signature is rescued by the administration of the @entity3229 agonist @entity3724 . These results identify a novel role for @entity25235 in adult liver as a modulator of the @entity209 adaptation to fasting.

title: XXXX regulates liver lipid metabolism and adaptation to fasting.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic']

answer: @entity25235 :: (20671(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Sox17']