abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. (Amarenthacea) has been used traditionally for the treatment of wound in various parts of Ethiopia. However, the plant has not been explored scientifically for its wound healing activity. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the wound healing activity of @entity1042 extract of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Incision and excision wounds were inflicted on albino @entity35 of either sex, under @entity4543 anesthesia. Group I served as positive control and was treated with 1% @entity4849 , group II, III, IV treated with simple ointment containing 2.5%, 5% and 10% (w/w) @entity1042 extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera L., respectively, whereas group V served as negative control and was treated with simple ointment. All the animals were treated topically once a day. Wound healing potential was assessed with excision and incision wound model. Excision wound model was used to assess the change in percentage contraction of wound, epithelization time, DNA content and histological features whereas @entity35 inflicted with the incision wounds were used to determine breaking strength. RESULTS: Based on the results of percentage wound contraction, the DNA content and epithelization time, all groups of @entity35 treated with @entity1042 extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. showed significant (p<0.05) wound healing activity compared to group of @entity35 treated with simple ointment (negative control) group. The difference in breaking strength was, however, significant (p<0.05) only for the 5% and 10% @entity1042 extract of Achyranthes aspera (w/w) ointment treated groups. Histological evaluation showed well organized epidermal layer, increased number of fibrocytes, remarkable degree of @entity2295 and epithelization which was comparable to the standard on the 21st day after treatment; especially in the 5% and 10% (w/w) extract treated group. CONCLUSION: The present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of the leaf extracts of Achyranthes aspera L. in the treatment of wound.

title: Evaluation of in vivo wound healing activity of XXXX extract of Achyranthes aspera L.

entities_list: @entity4849 :: ('CHEBI:9142', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulphadiazine']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl ether']

answer: @entity1042 :: (MESH:D000432,Chemical) :: ['methanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Tension pneumosella is an extremely rare complication of transsphenoidal surgery, having been reported only three times previously. @entity1 who develop this expanding pneumocele confined to the sella present with visual field changes consistent with optic chiasm compression. If left untreated, this condition can lead to permanent @entity227 . We report a case of @entity2701 pneumosella after transsphenoidal resection of a benign pituitary @entity652 that was successfully treated endoscopically. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Six months after transsphenoidal resection of a @entity977 , a 70-year-old @entity1 presented with subjective @entity1018 and was found on formal testing to have @entity1805 . A diagnosis of @entity2701 pneumosella was made with a head CT after @entity5 recurrence was ruled out with MRI. The expanding pneumocele developed after vigorous nose blowing in the setting of a surgical sellar floor defect and an intact diaphragma sellae. INTERVENTION: The pneumocele was endoscopically decompressed using a transnasal approach guided by frameless stereotaxy. An immediate decrease in the amount of air was confirmed with intraoperative fluoroscopy. The defect was subsequently repaired with a hemostatic agent and fibrin glue. The @entity1 rapidly recovered his vision and went home on postoperative day one with no further @entity227 . CONCLUSION: Tension pneumosella should be considered as a possible diagnosis in @entity1 presenting with subacute @entity227 after transsphenoidal pituitary region surgery. Endoscopy may play a valuable role in the diagnosis and management of this rare phenomenon, as well as other more common complications of transsphenoidal surgery.

title: Endoscopic decompression of XXXX pneumosella following transsphenoidal @entity977 resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits', 'visual field deficits', 'visual complications']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bitemporal hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3413 is commonly prescribed for @entity1007 to reduce vascular risk in @entity1 . Some of these @entity1 have @entity303 with @entity73 of several domains. Although protective effects seem to be present, there is emerging evidence that statins cause @entity73 . The role of @entity165 in cognitive function is complex. This is reflected in the effects that statins show on cognition functions. The reduction in @entity165 levels seen with @entity6817 is effective in improving learning and memory in some @entity1 . However, there is emerging evidence that statins may worsen cognitive function. Similarly, there are major concerns over whether statins alleviate or worsen cognitive problems. The correlation between @entity165 levels and cognitive function is still controversial, mainly due to a lack of robust evidence. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the cases of two Asian @entity1 who developed @entity73 after starting @entity3413 . A 32-year-old @entity1 and a 54-year-old @entity1 developed different but clear @entity73 that reversed after stopping @entity3413 . CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of new-onset @entity73 and the deterioration of existing @entity73 should be considered when prescribing @entity3413 to @entity1 .

title: @entity3413 -induced XXXX : two case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive defects', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prevalence and clinical risk factors of carotid vessel wall inflammation by means of @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in a population consisting of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 . BACKGROUND: The @entity731 process is characterized by infiltration and retention of oxidized lipids in the artery wall, triggering a disproportionate inflammatory response. Efforts have been made to use noninvasive imaging to quantify this inflammatory response in the vessel wall. Recently, carotid FDG-PET has been shown to reflect the metabolic rate of @entity413 , a process known to be enhanced in inflamed tissue. METHODS: Carotid inflammation was quantified in 82 @entity453 @entity1 (age 62    10 years) as the maximum target-to-background ratio ((wholevessel)TBR(max)). Furthermore, we assessed the maximal standardized uptake value values ((wholevessel)SUV(max)), the single hottest segment (SHS), and the percent active segments (PAS) of the FDG uptake in the artery wall, measured by FDG-PET. RESULTS: Whole-vessel TBR(max) >1.8 was present in 67%, >2.0 in 39%, >2.2 in 23%, and >2.4 in 12% of the population. Multiple linear regression analysis with backward elimination revealed that body mass index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001), age >65 years (p = 0.01), smoking (p = 0.02), and @entity101 (p = 0.01) were associated with (wholevessel)TBR(max). The number of components of the @entity209 was also associated with (wholevessel)TBR(max) (p = 0.02). In similar analyses, (wholevessel)SUV(max) was associated with BMI >= 30 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001), age >65 years (p = 0.004), male gender (p = 0.02), and @entity101 (p = 0.04); SHS with BMI >= 30 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001), age >65 years (p = 0.02), smoking (p = 0.04), and @entity101 (p = 0.05); PAS with BMI >= 30 kg/m2 (p = 0.001), smoking (p = 0.03), and @entity101 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Carotid inflammation as revealed by FDG-PET is highly prevalent in the @entity453 population and is associated with @entity28 , age over 65 years, history of @entity101 , smoking, and male gender. Artery wall FDG uptake increased when components of the @entity209 clustered.

title: Prevalence and risk factors of carotid vessel wall inflammation in @entity453 XXXX : FDG-PET and CT imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BXSB/ MpJ-Yaa and NZB/BINJ @entity19 have been used as animal models for both developmental @entity4207 and @entity792 . Approximately 40-60% of these animals show ectopic clusters of neurons in Layer I of cortex similar to those found in postmortem analyses of @entity1 dyslexics, and all exhibit an autoimmune condition similar to @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) in @entity1 . The expression of @entity1200 in the BXSB strain, unlike in @entity1 , is more severe in males than females. Most previous studies have examined the behavioral sequelae of @entity3611 at a relatively young age, when the BXSB females (unlike the male BXSB and female and male NZBs) are not yet showing high titers of autoantibodies associated with their lupus-like form of @entity792 . This study examined the behavior of BXSB females at an age subsequent to @entity792 onset. When contrasted with younger animals, year-old BXSB females showed good @entity146 , with no differences in Lashley maze learning and remarkably good performance in a visual discrimination learning task. These results are consistent with other data which indicate that many types of @entity146 are apparently unperturbed by @entity792 . Results also showed significant interactions between a measure of lateral paw preference and the presence or absence of @entity3611 in Lashley maze learning. Animals without @entity3611 that exhibited a right lateral paw preference showed the greatest number of errors on a number of test measures. These findings support previous results indicating that behavioral effects associated with @entity3611 may vary based upon the behavioral laterality of affected animals.

title: Learning in year-old female autoimmune BXSB XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['learning behavior']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disease']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disability']

entities_list: @entity3611 :: ('MESH:C563268', 'Disease') :: ['neocortical ectopias', 'ectopias']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'systemic autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: We reviewed histologically 86 nephrectomy specimens from @entity1 with @entity3025 (with or without @entity3885 ) to investigate the relationship between coexisting @entity509 and postnatally acquired @entity16 . @entity509 was assessed independently of the acquired @entity393 using medullary ray glomerular counting. Severe @entity509 (glomerular number < 25% of normal) was detected in 47 of 86 @entity1 . These @entity1 underwent nephrectomy at a significantly younger age than those with minimal or no @entity509 (P < 0.01). There was no significant relationship between the severity of @entity509 and the presence or absence of obstruction. Severe acquired @entity393 was found in 68 of 86 @entity1 . There was no significant association between the severity of @entity393 and the presence or absence of obstruction, age at nephrectomy or degree of coexisting @entity509 . The findings suggest a strong association of @entity509 and @entity3025 . Therefore, early postnatal presentation with minimal renal function need not necessarily reflect a failure of management but rather a pre-existing limitation of renal capacity. Furthermore, in a significant proportion of fetuses with ultrasonographic evidence of urinary tract abnormality, renal pathology may be present prior to the time at which in utero surgical intervention may be considered.

title: Renal hypoplasia and postnatally acquired XXXX in @entity1 with @entity3025 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cortical damage']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['ureterovesical obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoplasia', 'hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['cortical loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['cortical loss']


abstract: AIM: To determine the optimal method of endoscopic preoperative biliary drainage for @entity5 . METHODS: Multicenter retrospective study was conducted in @entity1 who underwent plastic stent (PS) or nasobiliary catheter (NBC) placement for resectable @entity5 followed by surgery between January 2010 and March 2012. Procedure-related adverse events, stent/catheter dysfunction (occlusion or migration of PS/NBC, development of @entity255 , or other conditions that required repeat endoscopic biliary intervention), and @entity1087 resolution ( @entity648 level < 3.0 mg/dL) were evaluated. Cumulative incidence of @entity1087 resolution and dysfunction of PS/NBC were estimated using competing risk analysis. @entity1 characteristics and preoperative biliary drainage were also evaluated for association with the time to @entity1087 resolution and PS/NBC dysfunction using competing risk regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, 419 @entity1 were included in the study (PS, 253 and NBC, 166). Primary @entity5 included @entity788 in 194 @entity1 (46%), @entity1126 in 172 (41%), @entity1086 in three (1%), and @entity5 in 50 (12%). The median serum total @entity648 was 7.8 mg/dL and 324 @entity1 (77%) had >=  3.0 mg/dL. During the median time to surgery of 29 d [interquartile range (IQR), 30-39 d]. PS/NBC dysfunction rate was 35% for PS and 18% for NBC [Subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) = 4.76; 95%CI: 2.44-10.0, P < 0.001]; the @entity1707 -tailed tip was a risk factor for @entity409 . @entity1087 resolution was achieved in 85% of @entity1 and did not depend on the drainage method (PS or NBC). CONCLUSION: PS has insufficient patency for preoperative biliary drainage. Given the drawbacks of external drainage via NBC, an alternative method of internal drainage should be explored.

title: Multicenter study of endoscopic preoperative biliary drainage for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'Jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignant distal biliary obstruction', 'ampullary cancer']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['PS dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant distal biliary obstruction']


abstract: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is the most common discharge diagnosis for elderly @entity1 . The survival of elderly (age greater than or equal to 75 years) @entity1 with @entity712 has not recently been reported, especially with reference to @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). A @entity1 database was searched for the diagnosis of @entity712 and then screened for age greater than or equal to 75, Framingham Criteria for @entity712 and an @entity1002 evaluation. Ninety-four @entity1 fitted all criteria, including a minimum potential follow-up of 3 years. Life-table analysis was employed to compare their survival experience to an expected survival based on a sex- and age-equivalent subset of the 1980 Census data. Causes of death were determined from autopsy, medical records or death certificates. Mean age at onset of @entity712 was 82.5. Forty-three per cent had an @entity1002 greater than or equal to 0.45. There was no difference in the prevalence of potential aetiologies between those with @entity1002 greater than or equal to 0.45 versus @entity1002 less than 0.45. Life-table analysis revealed that @entity712 @entity1 had a worse survival than controls for the first 5 years after diagnosis, attributable primarily to a high first-year mortality (28%) for the @entity712 group. There was no difference in survival between the @entity1002 greater than or equal to 0.45 and @entity1002 less than 0.45 groups.

title: Survival of elderly @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: AIM: To report our preliminary experience with self-expandable metal stent in the treatment of @entity694 and to review the literature on this specific subject. @entity1 AND METHODS: From March to September 1999, 8 consecutive @entity1 with a mean age 71 were admitted as an emergency for @entity694 . A self-expandable metal stent was inserted under radioscopic and, in 4 cases, endoscopic guidance. The @entity1 then underwent bowel preparation before operation, if required. RESULTS: There was no mortality. Bowel preparation was satisfactory in 6 cases. Complications occurred in 1 @entity1 , who was operated on day one for @entity298 due to perforation of the @entity5 by the prosthesis inserted after dilatation. Another six @entity1 were operated: 2 had resection followed by @entity254 ; 3 had resection and @entity254 protected by ileostomy; 2 had Hartmann's procedure. The last @entity1 retained the prosthesis as palliation. In the literature, self-expandable metal stent application in obstructed @entity189 of the left colon gives satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: Based on our experience and a review of the literature, we provide practical recommendations when inserting self-expandable metal stents for acute malignant left @entity694 .

title: [Self-expandable metal stent in the treatment of obstructive XXXX of the left colon. Preliminary results and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['acute malignant obstruction of the left colon', 'colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of mild @entity3562 as a risk factor for @entity2806 may depend on @entity64 subtype. To test this hypothesis, we undertook a prospective case-control study of a group of @entity1 with spontaneous cervical @entity4066 (sCAD), a group of @entity1 with @entity64 (non-CAD), and a group of control subjects. METHODS: Fasting total plasma @entity1255 (tHcy) concentration, @entity9770 @entity9769 genotype, and 844ins68bp CBS genotype were determined in 25 @entity1 with sCAD, 31 @entity1 <45 years of age with non-CAD @entity385 , and 36 control subjects. Biochemical data in the @entity1 groups were obtained within the first 72 hours of @entity64 onset. RESULTS: Median tHcy levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with sCAD (13.2 micromol/L; range, 7 to 32.8 micromol/L) compared with control subjects (8.9 micromol/L; range, 5 to 17.3 micromol/L; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.52; P=0.006). Cases with tHcy concentration above the cutoff level of 12 micromol/L were significantly more represented in the group of @entity1 with sCAD compared with control subjects (64% versus 13.9%; 95% CI, 2.25 to 44.23; P=0.003); a significant association between the @entity9769 TT genotype and sCAD was also observed (36% versus 11.1%; 95% CI, 1.10 to 19.23; P=0.045). No significant difference in tHcy levels and in the prevalence of thermolabile @entity9769 was found between @entity1 with non-CAD @entity385 and control subjects and between @entity1 with sCAD and non-CAD @entity385 . The distribution of the 844ins68bp CBS genotype and the prevalence of subjects carrying both the TT @entity9769 and 844ins68bp CBS genotypes were not significantly different among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased plasma @entity1255 levels and the TT @entity9769 genotype may represent risk factors for sCAD. In contrast, their role in @entity64 remains a contentious issue.

title: Plasma @entity1255 concentration, @entity9770 @entity9769 genotype, and 844ins68bp CBS genotype in young adults with spontaneous cervical @entity4066 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic stroke', 'stroke', 'atherothrombotic strokes']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['atherothrombotic stroke']


abstract: Endogenous @entity2819 secreted during immune challenge restricts the inflammatory process and genetic variations in this neuroendocrine-immune dialogue have been suggested to influence an individuals sensitivity to develop chronic @entity32 . We have tested @entity32 -susceptible Dark Agouti (DA) @entity35 and resistant, MHC-identical, PVG.1AV1 @entity35 for their abilities to secrete @entity2819 in response to acute challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a prolonged activation of the nonspecific immune system with arthritogenic @entity375 beta-glucan. Intravenous injection of LPS triggered equipotent secretion of @entity2819 in both @entity35 strains. Interestingly, peak concentrations of @entity2819 did not differ significantly between the strains. Intradermal injection of beta-glucan caused severe, monophasic, @entity625 in DA @entity35 while PVG.1AV1 responded with significantly milder @entity32 . Importantly, serial sampling of plasma from glucan-injected DA and PVG.1AV1 @entity35 did not reveal elevated concentrations of plasma @entity2819 at any time from days 1-30 postinjection compared to preinjection values, in spite of the ongoing inflammatory process. Interestingly, adrenalectomized, beta-glucan-challenged DA @entity35 responded with an aggravated arthritic process, indicating an anti-inflammatory role for the basal levels of @entity2819 that were detected in intact DA @entity35 challenged with beta-glucan. Moreover, substitution with subcutaneous @entity2819 -secreting pellets, yielding moderate stress-levels, significantly attenuated the arthritic response. In contrast, adrenalectomized and glucan-challenged PVG.1AV1 @entity35 did not respond with an elevated arthritic response, suggesting that these @entity35 contain the arthritic process via @entity2819 -independent mechanisms. In conclusion, the @entity2339 in both @entity35 strains exhibited strong activation after challenge with LPS. This contrasted to the basal @entity2819 levels observed strains during a prolonged arthritic process. No correlation between ability to secrete @entity2819 and susceptibility to @entity32 could be demonstrated. Basal levels of endogenous @entity2819 appeared to restrain @entity32 in beta-glucan-challenged DA @entity35 whereas resistance to @entity32 in PVG.1AV1 @entity35 may be mediated via @entity2819 -independent mechanisms.

title: Analysis of adrenocortical secretory responses during acute an prolonged immune stimulation in @entity32 -susceptible and -resistant XXXX strains.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders', 'inflammation', 'joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We compared the BCNU sensitivity of 4 freshly resected @entity5 ( @entity816 WM, and @entity11 , MB, and AM) and their clones to their karyology. The majority of primary cells in all 4 @entity5 had near-diploid chromosome numbers (2n +/-) and all were resistant to concentrations of BCNU exceeding 10 micrograms/ml. Following in vitro cultivation, the cells from @entity5 WM and MB retained their 2n +/- modal chromosome number with little change in the complexity of the karyotype. In contrast, @entity5 @entity15617 and AM demonstrated a more unstable genome. The modal chromosome number of @entity15617 shifted from 45 to 86 and that of @entity5 AM from 45 to 90. Karyotyping demonstrated additional ploidy changes and new marker chromosomes in both @entity5 . The colony forming assay ( @entity3795 ) performed on the in vitro cultivated cells demonstrated little change in the sensitivity to BCNU in @entity5 WM and MB, while @entity5 @entity15617 and AM exhibited greater than a one log cell kill at 10.0 micrograms/ml and 15.0 micrograms/ml BCNU, respectively. The modal chromosome number and BCNU sensitivity followed a similar pattern in the 30 clones that were isolated; 21 clones with near-diploid and pseudodiploid chromosome numbers were all resistant to BCNU doses at or greater than 10 micrograms/ml. In contrast, 9 clones isolated from the 3 @entity11 with 3n +/- and 4n +/- modal chromosome numbers were sensitive to this concentration of BCNU. The karyotypes of the @entity981 clones were more complex; they contained 5 or more ploidy changes and/or had marker chromosomes. These studies confirm the association of diploidy and BCNU-resistance in freshly resected @entity11 .

title: BCNU-sensitivity in parental cells and clones from four freshly resected near-diploid human XXXX : an @entity816 , an @entity816 and two glioblastomas multiforme.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas MK', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: @entity5406 ( @entity5406 ) has been reported in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) since 1909. The reported incidence varies from 0.9 p. 100 to 18.9 p. 100. A wide range of incidence of @entity5406 has also been found in @entity30 ( @entity30 ), with figures varying from 0.7 p. 100 to 8 p. 100 (fig. 1). Different criteria for the diagnosis of @entity5406 , @entity31 and @entity30 probably account for the scattering of values. A review of 324 cases of @entity29 revealed 21 cases with one or more episodes of @entity5406 : 6 out of 195 cases of @entity31 (3.1 p. 100) and 15 out of 129 cases of @entity30 (11.6 p. 100). The incidence was higher in females (5.7 p. 100 in @entity31 , 17.5 p. 100 in @entity30 ) than in males (0 in @entity31 , 6.9 p. 100 in @entity30 ). At the time of the @entity203 , @entity1 with @entity30 were younger (mean 24.3 years) then those with @entity31 (mean 37.5 years). The interval between the onset of the intestinal symptoms and the nodular @entity203 was shorter in @entity1 with @entity30 (2.6 years) than in those with @entity31 (8.2 years). The @entity29 (whether @entity31 or @entity30 ) started earlier in @entity1 with @entity5406 than in @entity5406 -free @entity1 . @entity5406 antedated the onset of intestinal manifestations in one @entity1 with @entity31 . In the remaining 20 @entity1 the intestinal symptoms came first. @entity5406 was often recurrent, and the 21 @entity1 suffered 32 episodes at varying intervals. One @entity1 had 4 and another 3 episodes; six @entity1 had 2 and 13 had one single episode. Three @entity1 with @entity31 had 2 episodes and 5 @entity1 with @entity30 had 2 or more episodes. The morphology and distribution of the lesions was fairly classical, except in 2 @entity1 who had only 1 and 2 nodules respectively on one leg. The @entity203 subsided in all cases within 2 to 5 weeks, and no @entity194 , suppuration or ulceration was observed. Most episodes of @entity5406 occurred during active phases of the @entity1944 . This was not so, however, in 2 cases in which the @entity203 followed an @entity883 . @entity5406 was more often found in total @entity31 than in the less extensive distal and rectal types (Table I). It was also more frequent in the ileocolic form than in the exclusively ileal and colonic forms (Table II).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in hemorrhagic rectocolitis and @entity30 ].

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['acute streptococcal throat infection']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['EN', 'Erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity5406 :: (MESH:D004893,Disease) :: ['Erythema nodosum']


abstract: Region-specific expression patterns have been described recently for several candidate, developmental regulatory genes in the vertebrate limb. We have identified and mapped homeobox containing genes of the 5' part of the @entity19 @entity47904 cluster by chromosomal walking. The expression of @entity30995 , @entity30996 , @entity47905 , and a paralog of the Hox-4 cluster ( @entity47906 ) were analyzed during stages when the developing limb pattern was being laid down. Each of these Hox genes was expressed in a restricted domain along the proximodistal axis of the limb at stage E 12.5. Only minor asymmetries were seen along the other two axes. A detailed spatiotemporal analysis of Hox expression, including three-dimensional reconstructions, revealed that the expression domains became progressively established between stages E 9.5 and E 12.5. Expression started from a small posterior and distal region and expanded toward the anterior part of the limb for 2 days. Depending on the gene and developmental stage, expression expands either along the ventral or the dorsal periphery. The establishment of the patterns was correlated to the growth process in the limb. @entity30995 and @entity30996 were also expressed in part of the somatopleure adjacent to the forelimb. The displacement of this domain toward the tip of the limb during development suggests that @entity30995 and @entity30996 were expressed in muscle precursor cells which migrate into the limb. The importance of these findings for the proposed models of limb pattern formation is discussed.

title: The establishment of XXXX @entity47904 expression domains during patterning of the limb.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of drains in the treatment of @entity1644 has a simple and immediate appeal. Syringopleural shunting in @entity1644 has produced good short-term results, but limited information is available on long-term effects. We analyzed the complications and long-term outcomes after syringopleural shunting for @entity1644 . CLINICAL MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourthy-four @entity1 with large-sized @entity1644 underwent syringopleural shunting because of @entity1745 between 1992 and 2010 in our clinic. Thirty-two @entity1 had @entity1645 (Group B), and 12 @entity1 were associated with primary parenchymal cavitations (Group A). Their ages ranged from 14 to 71 years. Both craniovertebral decompression and syringopleural shunting were performed on 21 @entity1 , whereas only syringopleural shunting was performed on another 21 @entity1 . RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 1 year to 17 years (mean: 9.1 years). There was no operative mortality. Early postoperative MRI revealed that syringes of 43 @entity1 had collapsed. There were 9 (20.5%) minor complications in 9 @entity1 , including @entity51 (6), respiratory distress (2) and @entity10 (1). Seven (15.9%) serious complications [permanent @entity51 (1), shunt migration (2), shunt misplacement (1), spinal instability (1), tethering (1), CSF over drainage (1)] were seen in five @entity1 . Four of them were treated with a secondary operation. Three @entity1 (3/9; 33.3%) who were treated by syringopleural shunt alone (Group B2) required craniovertebral decompression, although the shunt was functional. During long-term follow-up, three @entity1 stabilized, five @entity1 (11.3%) developed a worse @entity16 , and two of these @entity1 died 10 and 7 years after surgery. Of all @entity1 , 88.6% showed significant clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Although there were complications and failures, syringopleural shunting produced satisfactory results at long-term follow-up.

title: Long-term results and complications of the syringopleural shunting for treatment of XXXX : a clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation type I']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['temporary neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1311 is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against various @entity1 @entity5 inducing apoptosis via binding to b-tubulin of microtubules and arresting cells mainly in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. However, the underlying specific molecular mechanisms of @entity1311 on @entity213 ( @entity213 ) have not been identified yet. METHODS: The apoptotic effects and mechanisms of @entity1311 on different permanent HPV-negative @entity213 cell lines (UT-SCC-24A, UT-SCC-24B, UT-SCC-60A and UT-SCC-60B) were determined by flow cytometry assays, polymerase chain reaction analysis, immunofluorescence-based assays and sequencing studies. RESULTS: @entity1311 induced a G2/M arrest in @entity213 cell lines followed by an increased amount of apoptotic cells. Moreover, the activation of @entity8186 , @entity14375 and @entity522 , and the loss of the mitochondrial outer membrane potential could be observed, whereas an activation of @entity8187 could barely be detected. The efficient activation of @entity8187 was not affected by altered methylation patterns. Our results can show that the promoter region of @entity3437 ( @entity3437 ) was not methylated in the @entity213 cell lines. By sequencing analysis two isoforms of @entity8187 , the pro-apoptotic @entity8187 and the anti-apoptotic @entity8187 b were identified. The anti-apoptotic @entity8187 b is missing the catalytic site and acts as an endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis by blocking the binding of @entity8187 to @entity3437 to form the apoptosome. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate the presence of anti-apoptotic @entity8187 b in @entity213 , which may serve as a promising target to increase chemotherapeutic apoptosis induction.

title: Effects of @entity1311 on permanent XXXX cell lines and identification of anti-apoptotic caspase 9b.

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Gene') :: ['apoptotic protease activating factor 1', 'Apaf-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: According to the data from the National Cancer Registry, @entity0 are the two most common @entity5 in Cuban @entity1 . This study was addressed to describe the geographical variation of their incidence at small area level over the period 1999-2003. For each municipality, standardized incidence ratios were calculated and smoothed using a Poisson-Gamma, Poisson-Lognormal and a Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) model. The covariate 'urbanization level' was included in the Poisson-Lognormal and CAR models. The posterior probability of each municipality's relative risk (RR) exceeding unity was computed. Clusters were confirmed using the spatial scan statistic of Kulldorff. The CAR model provided the best fit for the geographical distribution of @entity0 in Cuba. For @entity0 , a high-risk region was identified in municipalities of Ciudad de La Habana province (CAR-smoothed RR between 1.21 and 1.26). @entity5 exhibited two areas with excess risk in the east and extreme west of the island (CAR-smoothed RR range 1.2-2.01 both areas together). Clusters were confirmed only for @entity5 (P = 0.001 for the most likely cluster and P = 0.003 for a secondary cluster). In conclusion, the study supports the hypothesis of a spatial variation in risk at small area level essentially for @entity5 and also for @entity0 that probably reflects the territorial distribution of life style and socioeconomic factors. This is the first attempt to introduce this methodology in the framework of the National Cancer Registry of Cuba and we expect to extend its use to forthcoming analyses.

title: Spatial analysis of XXXX incidence in small geographical areas in Cuba, 1999-2003.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nonskin cancers', 'cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and cervical cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast and cervical cancer']


abstract: This study compared the kinetic roles of the upper extremities in racket impact force generation between the @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) and square stance (SS) for tennis players with different skill levels in two-handed backhand strokes. Twelve male tennis players were divided into an advanced group (AG) (L3-L2 skill level) and intermediate group (IG) (L7-L6 skill level), and their data were used in a three-dimensional kinetic analysis. Their motions were captured using 21 reflective markers attached to anatomic landmarks for two-handed backhand @entity64 motion data collection. During the acceleration phase, significant differences were not observed between both stances, but they were observed between the groups with different skill levels for the force of the upper extremities (p = 0.027). The joint forces were significantly lower in the AG than in the IG. Players performing the SS had significantly larger pronation and supination of the wrist joint moment than those in the @entity1538 (p = 0.032) during the acceleration phase, irrespective of the playing level. Higher internal rotation moment after impact was observed at each joint, particularly among young intermediate tennis players, regardless of their stance. The AG demonstrated a higher joint force and moment at every joint compared with the IG at impact. Moreover, the AG demonstrated superior @entity64 efficiency and effectively reduced joint moment after impact and @entity2587 . Key pointsAdvanced players, regardless of @entity1538 or square stance, have larger joint force and moment at each joint before ball impact resulting in @entity64 and reduced chance of injury.Intermediate players, regardless of stance, have higher internal rotation moment at each joint instead of larger joint force as compared to advanced players before ball impact. The higher internal rotation moment will induce higher joint impact force which makes the @entity130 -prone.Young intermediate tennis players may want to avoid excessive follow-through movement after ball impact to prevent @entity130 .

title: Comparison of Ball-And-Racket Impact Force in Two-Handed Backhand XXXX Stances for Different-Skill-Level Tennis Players.

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['better stroke efficiency', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open stance', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in their early career', 'player injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Revascularization of the spinal arteries with @entity2334 were performed on nineteen @entity1 using partial extracorporeal bypass. They were 16 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 . Age range were from 33 to 70 years (mean 49.9 +/- 10.3 years). There were eleven @entity1 of dissecting @entity439 ( @entity16337 in eight @entity1 , type I in two @entity1 and type IIIa in one @entity1 ), and eight @entity1 of non-dissecting thoracoabdominal @entity439 (including two @entity1 with @entity1756 ). The number of revascularized spinal arteries were 60 pairs (average 3.2 pairs per each @entity1 ). The revascularized spinal arteries were localized between levels T4 and L5.36 pairs of the 60 existed between levels T8 and L2 from where the artery of Adamkiewicz arises. Seven @entity1 (eleven spinal arteries) underwent selective angiography of the revascularized spinal arteries postoperatively, and the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz was identified in three @entity1 . Two @entity1 died within one month, one from MOF and the another from intestinal perforation respectively (operative mortality 11.1%). One @entity1 , with @entity1755 showed paraparesis postoperatively, but no @entity451 was found in any @entity1 . We recommend that not only the artery of Adamkiewicz but also the spinal arteries at the midthoracic area from T4 to T8 should be revascularized, to prevent postoperative @entity451 . Replacing of extended thoracic @entity439 , our method (using partial extracorporeal circulation and segmental aortic clamping) was thought to prevent @entity2759 .

title: [Angiographic evaluation of reconstructed spinal arteries in XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16337 :: ('MESH:D009084', 'Disease') :: ['DeBakey type IIIb']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumors of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare @entity5 . Although often locally confined, juxtaposed vital structures usually limit the extent of resection. However, complete surgical resection has been shown to be the most important positive prognostic factor. METHODS: Four @entity1 had resection of primary vena caval @entity5 . In two @entity1 with locally extensive vena caval @entity5 the limits of conventional resection were extended by means of complete resection of the involved @entity8 . The IVC and aorta were reconstructed with synthetic grafts, and the uninvolved kidney was autotransplanted for both @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the two @entity1 treated with more extensive resection, one @entity1 had no evidence of disease 26 months after operation, and the second @entity1 died of recurrent disease 23 months after operation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 of the IVC may extend locally without distant @entity3 . Radical surgical excision as the primary mode of treatment provides the best chance for prolonged survival in appropriately selected @entity1 with @entity5 of the IVC. After surgical excision the @entity1 with the @entity1822 was treated with radiation therapy and the @entity1 with @entity980 by chemotherapy. Although @entity1822 of the IVC are rare @entity5 , the first @entity1 is only the third reported case of the even rarer @entity980 of the IVC.

title: Radical resection of XXXX of the inferior vena cava with vascular reconstruction and kidney autotransplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['infrahepatic IVC, aorta, and both kidneys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: We reported a 35-year-old male @entity1 with @entity5868 , who showed temporarily lesions of claustrum, striatum, hippocampus and amygdala on CT, MRI and PET scan. He was previously healthy and affected upper @entity1729 . After taking 4 tablets of @entity117 (335 mg x 4), he developed severe @entity10 and @entity302 . The cerebrospinal fluid showed normal cell count and protein. The serum GOT and @entity6283 elevated to 499 IU/l and 221 IU/l respectively. The @entity15609 virus type I titer was 32 times on admission and increased up to 128 times two weeks later. In spite of the anticonvulsant, @entity302 lasted for about one month and he needed mechanical ventilation. On 13-18 days of illness, @entity66 appeared in bilateral claustrum and striatum on CT and MRI. On 49 days of illness, @entity66 appeared in bilateral hippocampus and amygdala. All these lesions changed into normal on MRI on 111 days of illness. The @entity419 PET study on 80 days of illness revealed high uptake on striatum, hippocampus and amygdala bilaterally and changed into normal on 130 days of illness. He has improved markedly but showed long-standing abnormal signs of limbic @entity303 . We suggested this @entity1 could be suffered from post infectious @entity198 in limbic system after @entity5868 .

title: [An adult @entity1 of XXXX --the possible background mechanism of lesions in claustrum, striatum and limbic system and limbic @entity303 ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal lesions']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity5868 :: ('MESH:D012202', 'Disease') :: ["Reye's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['status epileptics']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity5868 :: (MESH:D012202,Disease) :: ['Reye's syndrome']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To present the first reported case of using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in an emergent decompression and evacuation of a @entity7181 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Thoracic epidural abscesses with @entity51 require surgical evaluation and intervention in most cases. We report a case of a 35-year-old @entity1 with an acute onset of @entity451 diagnosed with a @entity7181 . The @entity1 was emergently taken to the operating room and was unable to tolerate prone positioning secondary to cardiopulmonary collapse. ECMO was initiated for cardiopulmonary support to complete the case. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 case. RESULTS: The @entity1 was stabilized with ECMO support and tolerated a T4-T8 laminectomy and decompression. The source of the @entity1 abscess was hematogenous and at 6 months of clinical follow-up, the @entity1 has no motor or sensory function of his bilateral lower extremities. CONCLUSION: The use of ECMO support in adult spinal surgery has not been previously reported in the literature. Therefore we describe the first reported use of ECMO to maintain cardiopulmonary support in a @entity1 unable to tolerate prone positioning during spine surgery. ECMO support can be a viable option in adult @entity1 who need emergent spinal surgery but are unable to tolerate prone positioning secondary to cardiopulmonary complications.

title: Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support during an emergent decompression of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity7181 :: (MESH:D020802,Disease) :: ['thoracic epidural abscess']


abstract: We have used high-pressure freezing techniques to study exocytosis in @entity35 anterior pituitary cells. The cells were either unstimulated or exposed to 1 nM @entity11523 ( @entity11523 ) for 10 min before ultrarapid freezing. The magnitude of @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) release was then correlated with the number of exocytotic events observed with freeze- @entity174 electron microscopy. High-pressure freezing of unfixed and uncryoprotected specimens permits cryofixation of samples up to 1 mm diam (0.5 mm thick) without ice @entity16 , and arrests exocytotic events within 10 ms. Our studies comparing conventionally fixed specimens with those prepared by high-pressure freezing confirm that areas of intramembrane particle clearing at potential exocytotic sites are an artifact of conventional fixation and/or cryoprotection techniques. The cells exposed to 1 nM @entity11523 released approximately fivefold more @entity11249 than did unstimulated cells. Morphologically, we have observed a 3.3-fold increase in the number of exocytotic events in @entity11523 -stimulated cells, 33.7 events/100 micron2 compared with 10.4 events/100 micron2 for unstimulated cells. In additional experiments, we studied the effects of two inhibitors of @entity11523 -induced exocytosis, @entity1943 and @entity8626 . Both compounds elicit the same response, a parallel decrease in exocytotic events and in secreted product. We conclude that high-pressure freezing, combined with freeze- @entity174 and freeze-substitution processing techniques, is an excellent tool for studying the morphological aspects of exocytosis. In the present investigation, it has allowed us to quantitatively relate the biochemistry and morphology of exocytosis in anterior pituitary cells.

title: Exocytosis in normal anterior pituitary cells. Quantitative correlation between XXXX release and the morphological features of exocytosis.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity8626 :: ('MESH:D007513', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium isethionate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['crystal damage']

entities_list: @entity11523 :: ('29446(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GRF', 'growth hormone releasing factor']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity11249 :: (81668(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical presentation, epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment of @entity3417 after laparoscopic lymphadenectomy to treat gynecologic @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective study with review of outcomes (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: University research hospital. @entity1 : From November 2009 to December 2012, 997 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic lymphadenectomy to treat gynecologic @entity5 at our hospital. INTERVENTIONS: @entity86 resolved with continuous drainage and dietary restriction or fasting. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Nine of 997 @entity1 (0.9%) developed @entity3417 postoperatively. Mean age of these 9 @entity1 was 47.5 years. Median time from operation to development of @entity3417 was 4 days (range, 2-9 days). @entity3417 developed on either day 1 in 6 @entity1 , day 2 in 2 @entity1 , and day 8 in 1 @entity1 , after food intake. We found that @entity86 was associated more with para-aortic lymphadenectomy than with pelvic lymphadenectomy (overall incidence, 0.9%; 4.08% in the para-aortic lymphadenectomy group vs 0.35% in the pelvic lymphadenectomy group). In all @entity1 , @entity3417 resolved with conservative treatment. Median time to resolution was 7 days (range, 3-9 days). Drainage tubes were removed within 9 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity3417 after laparoscopic lymphadenectomy was 0.9%. Para-aortic lymphadenectomy was associated with @entity86 . @entity3417 was successfully treated with conservative management. An abdominal drainage tube can be a simple and effective approach and should be considered in the treatment of @entity3417 .

title: @entity3417 after laparoscopic lymph node dissection in gynecologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['Chylous ascites', 'chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative chylous ascites', 'postoperative chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Involvement of the 16b1 (interaortocaval) @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) is considered to represent @entity3 . Although this is universally accepted, the role of routine frozen-section histopathological examination (HPE) of the 16b1 @entity1600 in the management of @entity1086 has not been previously reported. METHODS: A prospective study (August 2009-November 2011) using routine biopsy of 16b1 LNs and frozen-section HPE prior to radical resection in @entity1 deemed operable on preoperative evaluation and staging laparoscopy was carried out. RESULTS: Of the 451 @entity1086 @entity1 assessed, 251 (55.7%) were deemed operable on preoperative imaging. Of these, 68 (27.1%) were found to have disseminated disease on staging laparoscopy/laparotomy. Of the 183 @entity1 in whom 16b1 @entity1600 biopsy was performed, 34 (18.6%) had evidence of @entity3 on frozen-section HPE and the planned surgical resection was abandoned (Group A). Of the remaining 149 @entity1 (Group B), 142 (95.3%) underwent curative resection and seven (4.7%) were found to be unresectable as a result of locoregionally advanced disease. A comparison of findings in Group A with those in Group B showed no significant difference in the clinical stage of the @entity5 . The proportions of @entity1 with @entity1087 , elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and @entity1735 antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (P = 0.008, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Routine 16b1 @entity1600 biopsy prevented non-therapeutic radical resection and its associated morbidity in 18.6% of @entity1 deemed resectable on preoperative imaging and staging laparoscopy. The yield was higher in @entity1 with @entity1087 and elevated preoperative @entity5 marker levels.

title: Role of routine 16b1 @entity1600 biopsy in the management of XXXX : an analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'GBC']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study compared the efficacy of three treatment conditions in preventing recurrence of @entity162 mood episodes and hospitalization for such episodes: individual family therapy plus pharmacotherapy, multifamily group therapy plus pharmacotherapy, and pharmacotherapy alone. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity162 were enrolled if they met criteria for an active mood episode and were living with or in regular contact with relatives or significant others. Subjects were randomly assigned to individual family therapy plus pharmacotherapy, multifamily group therapy plus pharmacotherapy, or pharmacotherapy alone, which were provided on an outpatient basis. Individual family therapy involved one therapist meeting with a single @entity1 and the @entity1 's family members, with the content of each session and number of sessions determined by the therapist and family. Multifamily group psychotherapy involved two therapists meeting together for six sessions with multiple @entity1 and their respective family members, with the content of each session preset. All subjects were prescribed a mood stabilizer, and other medications were used as needed. Subjects were assessed monthly for up to 28 months. Following recovery from the index mood episode, subjects were assessed for recurrence of a mood episode and for hospitalization for such episodes. RESULTS: Of a total of 92 subjects that were enrolled in the study, 53 (58%) recovered from their intake mood episode. The analyses in this report focus upon these 53 subjects, 42 (79%) of whom entered the study during an episode of @entity162 . Of the 53 subjects who recovered from their intake mood episode, the proportion of subjects within each treatment group who suffered a recurrence by month 28 did not differ significantly between the three treatment conditions. However, only 5% of the subjects receiving adjunctive multifamily group therapy required hospitalization, compared to 31% of the subjects receiving adjunctive individual family therapy and 38% of those receiving pharmacotherapy alone, a significant difference. Time to recurrence and time to hospitalization did not differ significantly between the three treatment groups. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity162 , adjunctive multifamily group therapy may confer significant advantages in preventing hospitalization for a mood episode.

title: Preventing recurrence of XXXX mood episodes and hospitalizations: family psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy versus pharmacotherapy alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar I', 'bipolar I disorder', 'mania']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar I']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity8279 ( @entity5393 ) was evaluated in eight @entity1 with @entity712 unresponsive to @entity2922 therapy. Seven @entity1 who were hemodynamically at Forrester's hemodynamic subset stage H-IV and had a left @entity64 work index (LVSWI) of less than 20 g-m/m2 despite administration of unloading drugs and @entity2661 were studied both hemodynamically and clinically. Another @entity1 with @entity384 , in whom invasive hemodynamic monitoring could not be carried out, was studied clinically. The @entity5393 was administered intravenously at a mean (+/- SD) of 0.05 +/- 0.036 mg/kg/min, and hemodynamic measurements were made 63 +/- 37 min after administration. The cardiac index (CI) increased from 1.92 +/- 0.22 to 2.49 +/- 0.59 L/min/m2, and LVSWI from 14 +/- 4.0 to 18 +/- 5.1 g-m/m2, both significantly (CI, P less than 0.01; LVSWI, P less than 0.025). The total systemic vascular resistance index (TSVRI) decreased significantly from 2,746 +/- 427.2 to 2,218 +/- 582.6 dan.sec.cm-5.m2 ( P less than 0.01). The increase in CI was accompanied by a proportional decrease in TSVRI in all @entity1 . Left ventricular function, which was estimated by the relation between pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure and LVSWI, was improved in five of seven @entity1 after administration of @entity5393 . Two @entity1 in whom @entity5393 was given intermittently improved clinically and survived. The authors conclude that @entity5393 has powerful vasodilating and mild positive inotropic effects and hence can be useful for treating @entity712 unresponsive to @entity2661 .

title: Efficacy of @entity5393 in @entity712 unresponsive to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ["dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: Experiments were conducted to study the differences in catalytic behavior of various forms of @entity526 @entity1160 synthetase. The enzyme catalyzes the @entity855 -dependent formation of @entity1160 from @entity2227 and @entity3265 via a @entity50221 intermediate. The physiologically important metal ion for catalysis is @entity1025 ; however, @entity3281 supports in vitro activity, though at a reduced level. Additionally, the enzyme is regulated by a covalent adenylylation modification, and the metal ion specificity of the reaction depends on the adenylylation state of the enzyme. The kinetic investigations reported herein demonstrate differences in binding and catalytic behavior of the various forms of @entity1160 synthetase. Rapid quench kinetic experiments on the unadenylylated enzyme with either @entity1025 or @entity3281 as the activating metal revealed that product release is the rate-limiting step. However, in the case of the adenylylated enzyme, @entity11064 transfer is the rate-limiting step. The internal equilibrium constant for @entity11064 transfer is 2 and 5 for the unadenylylated enzyme with @entity1025 or @entity3281 , respectively. For the @entity3281 -activated adenylylated enzyme the internal equilibrium constant is 0.1, indicating that @entity11064 transfer is less energetically favorable for this form of the enzyme. The factors that make the unadenylylated enzyme most active with @entity1025 are discussed.

title: Effect of metal ions and adenylylation state on the internal thermodynamics of @entity11064 transfer in the XXXX @entity1160 synthetase reaction.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity50221 :: ('CHEBI:50166', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity11064 :: ('CHEBI:29315', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoryl']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To map the expression of @entity22087 , TGF-beta(3), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in full-thickness skin wounds of the @entity1641 . To determine whether their expression differs between limbs and thorax, to understand the pathogenesis of exuberant granulation tissue. STUDY DESIGN: Six wounds were created on one lateral metacarpal area and one midthoracic area of each @entity1641 . Sequential wound biopsies allowed comparison of the temporal expression of growth factors between limb and @entity1514 wounds. ANIMALS: Four 2- to 4-year-old @entity1641 . METHODS: Wounds were assessed grossly and histologically at 12 and 24 hours, and 2, 5, 10, and 14 days postoperatively. ELISAs were used to measure the growth factor concentrations of homogenates of wound biopsies taken at the same timepoints. RESULTS: @entity22087 peaked at 24 hours in both locations and returned to baseline in @entity1514 wounds by 14 days but remained elevated in limb wounds for the duration of the study. Expression kinetics of TGF-beta(3) differed from those of @entity22087 . TGF-beta(3) concentrations gradually increased over time, showing a trend toward an earlier and higher peak in @entity1514 compared with limb wounds. bFGF expression kinetics resembled those of @entity22087 , but no statistically significant differences existed between limb and @entity1514 wounds. CONCLUSIONS: Growth factor expression is up-regulated during normal @entity1641 wound repair. @entity22087 and TGF-beta(3) show a reciprocal temporal regulation. Statistically significant differences exist between limb and @entity1514 wounds with respect to @entity22087 expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The persistence of @entity22087 expression in leg wounds may be related to the development of exuberant granulation tissue in this location, because @entity22087 is profibrotic.

title: Expression of transforming growth factor beta(1), beta(3), and basic fibroblast growth factor in full-thickness skin wounds of XXXX limbs and thorax.

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['horse', 'horses', 'equine']

entities_list: @entity22087 :: ('100033900(Tax:9796)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta(1)', 'transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1)']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: @entity750 uptake inhibitors are generally considered activating antidepressants. To assess the rates and temporal patterns of activation and sedation as well as dose-effect relationships, adverse event data were evaluated from a fixed-dose study comparing placebo and @entity905 , 5, 20 and 40 mg/day, in the treatment of major @entity308 (n = 363) and the pooled data from two fixed-dose studies comparing placebo and @entity905 , 20, 40 and 60 mg/day, in the treatment of major @entity308 (n = 746). The adverse events 'nervousness', ' @entity148 ', ' @entity2146 ' and ' @entity22 ' were considered indicative of activation; 'somnolence' and ' @entity1395 ' were considered indicative of sedation. Activation and sedation were both statistically significant treatment-emergent phenomena (p < or = 0.05), but dose-effect relationships differed. Activation rates were relatively stable between 5 mg/day and 40 mg/day, but they increased at 60 mg/day. Sedation rates increased linearly up to 40 mg/day, and then were comparable at 40 mg/day and 60 mg/day. Discontinuations due to either phenomenon were uncommon. The temporal patterns of first occurrences and persistence of activation and sedation differed. First occurrences of activation peaked early and declined over time at all doses. First occurrences of sedation also peaked early at all doses, but there may have been greater variability in first occurrences of sedation over time in @entity1 receiving lower doses. The persistent occurrences of sedation may decline less over time than the persistent occurrences of activation.

title: XXXX : activating and sedating effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['Fluoxetine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-dose intraarterial chemotherapy with repeated one-shot infusion may be useful for treating @entity135 . We evaluated the efficacy of superselective continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via a coaxial catheter system and compared the results with those of subselective catheterization for treatment of oral @entity5 . METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 of the oral cavity (clinical stage I, 12 cases; stage II, 19 cases; stage III, six cases; stage IV, 12 cases) were treated by arterial infusion chemotherapy. After a guiding catheter was advanced into the superficial temporal artery, superselective catheterization was performed using a coaxial system microcatheter. Superselective catheterization was accomplished in 34 cases, and was unsuccessful in 15, owing to difficulties in performing catheterization or to multiple feeding arteries. In the latter cases, the tip of the catheter was placed near the origin of the feeding arteries (subselective catheterization). RESULTS: Thirty (88%) of 34 @entity1 had a complete response to superselective arterial infusion chemotherapy and two (6%) had a partial response. Twelve (80%) of 15 @entity1 had a complete response to subselective arterial infusion chemotherapy and three (20%) had a partial response. Local recurrence was more frequent after subselective treatment (13%) than after superselective (6%) treatment. CONCLUSION: Superselective continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy may be suitable for local control of oral @entity5 , with a low rate of recurrence.

title: Superselective continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy through the superficial temporal artery for oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cavity tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cavity tumors']


abstract: Platelet size has been shown to reflect platelet activity. We prospectively measured the mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ) in 47 @entity1 undergoing single vessel angioplasty for symptomatic @entity951 . The @entity1 underwent repeat angiography 4-8 months later irrespective of symptomatic status. @entity256 was assessed quantitatively by hand held calliper measurements of the lesion and qualitatively by a return of @entity951 , ST segment changes on an exercise test and visual analysis of the lesion severity by two experienced angiographers. Twenty-four @entity1 developed recurrent @entity951 during the follow-up period, the @entity6688 in the group with @entity662 was 8.54 +/- 0.60 fl compared to 8.1 +/- 0.69 fl in the asymptomatic group (P = 0.04). Twenty two @entity1 had significant ST segment changes at exercise. In this group the @entity6688 was 8.6 +/- 0.56 fl compared to 8.0 +/- 0.70 fl for the group with a negative test (P = 0.002). Similarly visually assessed @entity850 showed a significant increase in the restenotic group (8.6 +/- 0.56 vs. 8.0 +/- 0.61 fl, P = 0.001). The relative odds for developing clinically defined @entity256 were 10.2 times greater if the pre-procedural @entity6688 lay in the upper compared to the lowest quartile. There was a positive correlation between @entity6688 and change in minimal luminal diameter between post angioplasty and follow-up angiography, assessed quantitatively, r = +0.56, P = 0.016. There was no association between clinical or angiographic definitions of @entity256 and haemoglobin, red cell count, mean corpuscular volume, white cell count or platelet count. Platelet size may influence the development of @entity256 after successful coronary angioplasty.

title: Influence of platelet size before coronary angioplasty on subsequent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic stenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical appearance and rate of @entity9645 , and to investigate the accuracy of clinical provisional diagnoses. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective analysis, which included diagnostic biopsies of @entity5 . The clinical provisional diagnoses were compared with final diagnoses. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-seven oral mucosal @entity5 were included. @entity957 and its variants accounted for the majority (78%) of all @entity5 . The most common clinical presentations were non-ulcerated (59.7%) and ulcerated masses (20.4%). Only 11.9% presented as indurate @entity1066 . The highest ulceration rate of all @entity5 was recorded for @entity6461 , with only about half of @entity6461 and its variants ulcerated at the time of biopsy. 31.1% of all @entity5 were not clinically suspected to be malignant and did not even include a request to rule out @entity5 . There was a better agreement between the clinical provisional diagnoses and microscopic diagnoses in the @entity6461 group than in other types of @entity5 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Within this study sample, non-ulcerated masses rather than indurate @entity1066 are the most common clinical appearance of oral @entity33 , and even for @entity6461 , that showed the highest ulceration rate at presentation, half were non-ulcerated. Approximately, one-third of oral @entity33 were not suspected to be malignant prior to biopsy. Thus, the level of suspicion currently reserved for @entity9645 and ulcerated masses should also be applied to non-ulcerated oral mucosal masses.

title: Re-evaluation of common paradigms regarding the clinical appearance of oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration of oral mucosal malignancies', 'mucosal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors of the oral mucosa', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal malignancies']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal malignancies']


abstract: Occurrence of @entity344 and delayed healing of pre-existing @entity1066 are commonly observed in association with clinical use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We examined the effects of @entity8228 , the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitor, and @entity842 (NO)- releasing @entity117 ( @entity50743 ) on gastric mucosal ulcerogenic and healing responses in experimental animals, in comparison with those of nonselective COX inhibitors such as @entity3352 and @entity117 . @entity3352 and @entity117 given orally were ulcerogenic by themselves in @entity35 stomachs, while either @entity8228 or @entity50743 was not ulcerogenic at the doses which exert the equipotent antiinflammatory action with @entity3352 or @entity117 . Among these NSAIDs, only @entity50743 showed a dose-dependent protection against @entity1819 induced by @entity5828 / @entity1068 in @entity35 . On the other hand, the healing of @entity2275 induced in @entity19 by thermal-cauterization was significantly delayed by repeated administration of these NSAIDs for more than 7 days, except @entity50743 . Gastric mucosal @entity3009 contents were reduced by @entity3352 , @entity117 and @entity50743 in both normal and @entity1066 , while @entity8228 significantly decreased prostaglandin generation only in the @entity1066 . Oral administration of @entity50743 in pylorus-ligated @entity35 and @entity19 increased the levels of NO metabolites in the gastric contents. In addition, both @entity8228 and @entity50743 showed an equipotent anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan-induced paw @entity4 in @entity35 as compared with @entity3352 and @entity117 . These results suggest that both @entity3352 and @entity117 are ulcerogenic by themselves and impair the healing of pre-existing @entity2275 as well. The former action is due to inhibition of @entity9774 , while the latter effect may be accounted for by inhibition of @entity4665 and mimicked by @entity8228 , the @entity4665 selective NSAID. @entity50743 , despite inhibiting both @entity9774 and @entity4665 , protects the stomach against damage and preserves the healing response of @entity2275 , probably because of the beneficial action of NO.

title: Cyclooxygenase-2 selective and XXXX -releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastric mucosal responses.

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcerated mucosa']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal damage']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity500 has been extensively used in the management of @entity29 . It might cause @entity660 in the form of either asymptomatic elevation in serum amylase/lipase or overt acute @entity788 . Here we report the case of a 61-year-old @entity1 with @entity31 who had been treated with @entity500 for three years, achieving clinical remission. During treatment he presented an asymptomatic elevation of serum pancreatic enzymes, without any signs of @entity788 at imaging. This evidence brought us to reassess the drug dosage, without achieving a normalization of biochemical analysis. Autoimmune @entity788 was excluded. One year after the suspension of @entity500 , we still face persistent high levels of amylase/lipase. Normalization of enzymatic values in @entity1 who develop intolerance to @entity500 , in the form of either asymptomatic elevation in serum amylase/lipase or overt acute @entity788 , is usually achieved in about two months after stopping drug intake. Asymptomatic elevation in serum pancreatic enzymes in the absence of @entity660 is reported in the literature and defined as "Gullo's syndrome," but nobody of the subjects studied had been treated in the past with pancreatotoxic drugs. Might this case be defined as "benign pancreatic hyperenzymemia"?

title: Asymptomatic and persistent elevation of pancreatic enzymes in an XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease', 'pancreatic damage']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: We have reported previously that sigma-2 receptors are expressed in high densities in a variety of @entity5 cell types (B. J. Vilner et al., @entity5 Res., 55: 408-413, 1995) and that various sigma ligands have cytotoxic effects (B. J. Vilner et al., J. Neurosci., 15: 117-134, 1995). Other investigators have demonstrated increased expression of sigma-2 receptors in rapidly proliferating @entity5 (R. H. Mach et al., @entity5 Res., 57: 156-161, 1997) and the ability of some sigma ligands to inhibit proliferation (P. J. Brent and G. T. Pang, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 278: 151-160, 1995). We demonstrate here the ability of sigma-2 receptor agonists to induce cell death by a mechanism consistent with apoptosis. In @entity0 cell lines that are sensitive (MCF-7) and resistant (MCF-7/Adr-, T47D, and SKBr3) to antineoplastic agents, incubation with the sigma-2 subtype-selective agonists CB-64D and CB-184 produced dose-dependent @entity137 (measured by lactate dehydrogenase release into medium). The EC(50) for this response was similar across cell lines, irrespective of @entity876 genotype and drug-resistance phenotype. CB-64D and the subtype nonselective sigma-2 agonists haloperidol and reduced haloperidol induced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining in MCF-7 and T47D cells, indicating that cell death occurs via apoptosis. Apoptosis was also indicated by increases in @entity4404 binding caused by CB-64D. In MCF-7 cells, @entity137 and @entity4404 binding induced by the antineoplastics doxorubicin and actinomycin D was partially or completely abrogated by certain specific and general inhibitors of caspases. In contrast, caspase inhibitors had no effect on sigma-2 receptor-mediated (CB-64D and CB-184) @entity137 or @entity4404 binding. Marked potentiation of @entity137 was observed when a subtoxic dose of CB-184 was combined with doxorubicin or actinomycin D, both in drug-sensitive (MCF-7) and drug-resistant (MCF-7/Adr-) cell lines. Haloperidol potentiated doxorubicin only in drug-resistant cells. These findings suggest the involvement of a novel @entity876 - and caspase-independent apoptotic pathway used by sigma-2 receptors, which is distinct from mechanisms used by some DNA-damaging, antineoplastic agents and other apoptotic stimuli. These observations further suggest that sigma-2 receptors may be targets that can be therapeutically exploited in the treatment of both @entity3 .

title: Sigma-2 receptor agonists activate a novel apoptotic pathway and potentiate antineoplastic drugs in XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['drug-sensitive and drug-resistant metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the proliferation of different fixation screws, there is an increasing trend to recommend early internal fixation of the broken scaphoid even if the @entity174 is not displaced. The benefits and risks of early fixation of scaphoid @entity174 have not been established. These were investigated in eighty-eight @entity1 who were of working age with clearly defined minimally displaced or undisplaced bicortical @entity174 of the waist of the scaphoid. METHODS: @entity1 who provided informed consent were randomized to treatment with early internal fixation with use of a Herbert screw without a cast (forty-four @entity1 ) or to nonoperative treatment for eight weeks with immobilization in a below-the-elbow plaster cast with the thumb left free (forty-four @entity1 ). The @entity1 were evaluated at two, eight, twelve, twenty-six, and fifty-two weeks with respect to the severity of @entity158 ; tenderness; swelling; wrist movement; grip strength; and symptoms and disability, which were assessed with the @entity1 Evaluation Measure. In addition, radiographs were made and assessed at each visit. RESULTS: No difference was detected between the groups with respect to age, sex, hand dominance, side of injury, mechanism of injury, or the occupation of the @entity1 . The range of motion, score on the @entity1 Evaluation Measure, and grip strength were significantly better in the group managed operatively than in the group managed nonoperatively at the eight-week follow-up evaluation, which corresponded with the visit when the cast was removed in that group. @entity1 returned to work at five to six weeks after the injury in both groups. At twelve weeks, grip strength was better in @entity1 who had had surgery. No significant difference was detected between the two groups with respect to any other outcome measure at any other time. Ten of the forty-four @entity174 treated nonoperatively had not healed radiographically at twelve weeks, and, as a consequence, the treatment was altered. Complications occurred in thirteen @entity1 who had been managed operatively. All complications were minor, and ten were related to the scar. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not demonstrate a clear overall benefit of early fixation of @entity174 beyond the decrease in the rate of a change in treatment because of a delayed union at twelve weeks. Early internal fixation of minimally displaced or nondisplaced @entity174 of the scaphoid waist, which would heal in a cast, could lead to overtreatment of a large proportion of such @entity174 , exposing such @entity1 to avoidable surgical risk. Thus, we have adopted a program of so-called aggressive conservative treatment, whereby we carefully assess @entity174 -healing with plain radiographs, and computed tomography scans if necessary, after six to eight weeks of cast immobilization and recommend surgical fixation with or without bone-grafting at that time if a gap is identified at the @entity174 site. Such an approach should result in @entity174 union in over 95% of such @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I.

title: Should XXXX be fixed? A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'acute scaphoid fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['acute scaphoid fractures']


abstract: @entity8116 ( @entity8116 ) is one of the immunological agents used as an adjuvant in @entity5 therapy; it has been associated with improved quality of life during @entity5 chemotherapy. Based on these previous findings and on the observed clinical benefits attributed to @entity8116 in other types of @entity5 , we investigated its clinical and immunological effects as a therapy adjuvant on @entity0 @entity1 who received only chemotherapy, as compared to @entity1 administered @entity291 @entity8116 (bDLE) as an adjuvant. This study included 43 @entity0 @entity1 who were about to begin chemotherapy. This group was divided as follows: 25 received chemotherapy and bDLE as an adjuvant therapy, and 18 received only chemotherapy without the adjuvant. All @entity1 clinical and immunological responses were monitored. Among @entity1 in the group that received bDLE as adjuvant, 60% showed a complete response, 32% showed a partial response and 8% did not respond. By contrast, in the group without the adjuvant, 39% showed a complete response, 50% displayed a partial response and 11% were non-responders. In addition, bDLE treatment in combination with chemotherapy resulted in the enhancement of the Karnofsky performance scale during chemotherapy. Even though @entity1 underwent several cycles of chemotherapy without bDLE, the lymphocyte population dropped to below the reference value. On the other hand, in @entity1 with bDLE as adjuvant, the @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) lymphocytes and the B lymphocytes were maintained within the median range of the reference value. The number of natural killer cells also increased after chemotherapy treatment with bDLE as an adjuvant. In conclusion, bDLE treatment contributes to significant immunological recovery in @entity1 that have undergone heavy chemotherapy, increasing the clinical response and quality of life during chemotherapy.

title: Clinical and immunological assessment in XXXX patients receiving anticancer therapy and @entity291 dialyzable leukocyte extract as an adjuvant.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity8116 :: ('MESH:D007960', 'Disease') :: ['DLE', 'Dialyzable leukocyte extract']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sequential treatment with the addition of high-dose therapy (HDT) and peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) rescue has been reported to be active as front-line therapy in aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) with bone marrow (BM) involvement. We designed an intensive sequential therapy as front-line therapy in this subset of @entity1 and conducted a phase II study. DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 and BM involvement at diagnosis received 8 weeks of VACOP-B chemotherapy as induction therapy. The second phase included high-dose @entity786 (HDCY) (7 g/m(2)) with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) followed by leukaphereses. The third phase included HDT according to the BEAM protocol or melphalan (140 mg/m(2)) plus total body irradiation (8 Gy in a single dose). RESULTS: Forty @entity1 were included in the study. According to the intention-to-treat, after VACOP-B, 11 (27.5%) and 22 (55%) @entity1 achieved complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR), respectively. Thirty-four received HDCY. After HDCY, 18 @entity1 (45%) were in CR and 13 (32.5%) in PR. Twenty-nine underwent HDT plus peripheral blood cell rescue (PBPC) rescue. At the completion of treatment 29 @entity1 (72.5%) were in CR, and 3 @entity1 (7.5%) in PR. The actuarial 3-year overall survival, disease free survival and failure free survival are 48%, 55% and 40%, respectively. Overall severe @entity137 was 7.5%. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This phase II study suggests that the intensified treatment described is feasible and active in aggressive @entity1893 with BM involvement. A randomized trial is now underway to test this approach.

title: VACOP-B, high-dose XXXX and high-dose therapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell rescue for aggressive @entity1893 with bone marrow involvement: a study by the @entity1893 Co-operative Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: @entity2941 are increasingly reported in adults. The presence of cyst-related complications alters its presentation and complicates the management. We reviewed our experience to find the clinical presentation, complications, and the management of @entity2941 . The records of 132 @entity1 with @entity2941 presented to us between 2003 and 2010 maintained as a prospective database were analyzed for demography, clinical presentation, radiological investigation, management, and outcome. There were 12 @entity1 and 120 adults. Based on preoperative cholangiogram, 93 (71%) @entity1 had Type I and 39 (29%) Type @entity3480 . The overall incidence of complicated choledochal cyst was 4 of 12 (33%) in @entity1 and 85 of 120 (71%) in adults. The most common complication was cystolithiasis (49%) followed by @entity255 (32%), acute @entity788 (10%), hepatolithiasis (7%), @entity5 (3%), portal @entity101 (2%), and chronic @entity788 (2%). Acute @entity788 and @entity255 were managed conservatively. Endoscopic stenting was performed in @entity1 with @entity255 and those requiring staged treatment as a result of portal @entity101 . Overall 114 @entity1 underwent cyst excision with Roux-en-y hepaticojejunostomy. The overall morbidity was 17.5 per cent (wound infection 13% and bilioenteric anastomotic leak 7%). There was one @entity204 resulting from @entity712 . Three @entity1 developed anastomotic stricture and underwent redo hepaticojejunostomy. @entity2941 in adults are often associated with complications. Complications are more common in adults compared with @entity1 . Acute @entity788 , @entity255 and portal @entity101 are managed conservatively and then followed up by definitive surgery. Cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is necessary to prevent the recurrence of complications.

title: Management of XXXX and their complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['Choledochal cysts', 'choledochal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['choledochal cysts']


abstract: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the radiographic changes that occurred at spinal levels adjacent to fused vertebrae after anterior cervical fusion. One hundred six @entity1 with cervical spondylotic @entity13890 (88 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ) were followed for an average of 8.5 years. The average age at follow-up was 64 years. Forty-two @entity1 underwent a single-level fusion, 52 had a two-level fusion, and 12 had three levels fused. Seventeen @entity1 who underwent additional surgery after anterior fusion also were reviewed, with an average follow-up period of 2.9 years. Postoperatively, cervical @entity5295 resulted in significantly increased movement about the vertebral interspace at the upper adjacent level. An increment of posterior slip of the vertebra immediately above the fusion level, with associated spinal canal compromise of less than 12 mm, significantly affected neurologic results. @entity1 with multilevel fusions notably exhibited these radiographic abnormalities at adjacent levels. @entity612 , when associated with dynamic spinal canal stenosis in the vertebra above the fusion level, affected late neurologic results. Results of salvage laminoplasty were not satisfactory. Unnecessarily extended longer fusion must be avoided.

title: Late radiographic findings after anterior cervical fusion for spondylotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5295 :: ('MESH:D054908', 'Disease') :: ['flexion-extension']

entities_list: @entity13890 :: ('MESH:D020818', 'Disease') :: ['myeloradiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal canal stenosis']

answer: @entity13890 :: (MESH:D020818,Disease) :: ['myeloradiculopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Malherbe's calcifying @entity189 is a rare hair matrix @entity5 . The objective is to present clinical cases and to analyze the variability of its image. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among nearly 3500 @entity1 with @entity5 operated during the last 10 years in the Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology in Krakow we identified a group of 7 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity17390 . A retrospective evaluation of their medical history was performed, paying particular attention to the co-existence of other diseases, form of growth and location of @entity5 , as well as treatment methods and their effectiveness. The results were compared with other clinical studies. RESULTS: Malherbe's calcifying @entity189 is characterized by clinical polymorphism and similarity to other much more frequent eyelid @entity5 . It usually has the form of a single, small, movable, slowly growing nodule covered by intact skin. In addition to the classic form described there are pediculated @entity5 , huge, fast-growing, perforating, as well as @entity5 in unusual locations and @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: The consequences of variation @entity17390 are clinical diagnostic errors. The one, sure and reliable criterion is a histopathology evaluation.

title: [Malherbe's calcifying XXXX ( @entity17390 )--own experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ocular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioma']

entities_list: @entity17390 :: ('MESH:D018296', 'Disease') :: ['pilomatrixoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['epithelioma']