abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if early palliative care intervention in @entity1 with recurrent, @entity902 -resistant @entity43 is potentially cost saving or cost-effective. METHODS: A decision model with a 6 month time horizon evaluated routine care versus routine care plus early referral to a palliative medicine specialist (EPC) for recurrent @entity902 -resistant @entity43 . Model parameters included rates of inpatient admissions, @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits, chemotherapy administration, and quality of life (QOL). From published @entity43 data, we assumed baseline rates over the final 6 months: hospitalization 70%, chemotherapy 60%, and @entity341 visit 30%. Published data from a randomized trial evaluating EPC in @entity2 were used to model odds ratios (ORs) for potential reductions in hospitalization (OR 0.69), chemotherapy (OR 0.77), and @entity341 care (OR 0.74) and improvement in QOL (OR 1.07). The costs of hospitalization, @entity341 visit, chemotherapy, and EPC were based on published data. Ranges were used for sensitivity analysis. Effectiveness was quantified in quality adjusted life years (QALYs); survival was assumed equivalent between strategies. RESULTS: EPC was associated with a cost savings of  1285 per @entity1 over routine care. In sensitivity analysis incorporating QOL, EPC was either dominant or cost-effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) < 50,000/QALY, unless the cost of outpatient EPC exceeded  2400. Assuming no clinical benefit other than QOL (no change in chemotherapy administration, hospitalizations or @entity341 visits), EPC remained highly cost-effective with ICER  37,440/QALY. CONCLUSION: Early palliative care intervention has the potential to reduce costs associated with end of life care in @entity1 with @entity43 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of early palliative care intervention in recurrent XXXX -resistant @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: We have designed a @entity876 DNA binding domain that has virtually the same binding affinity for the @entity10187 promoter as does wild-type protein but is considerably more stable. The design strategy was based on molecular evolution of the protein domain. Naturally occurring @entity535 substitutions were identified by comparing the sequences of @entity876 homologues from 23 species, introducing them into wild-type @entity1 @entity876 , and measuring the changes in stability. The most stable substitutions were combined in a multiple mutant. The advantage of this strategy is that, by substituting with naturally occurring residues, the function is likely to be unimpaired. All point mutants bind the consensus DNA sequence. The changes in stability ranged from +1.27 (less stable @entity47874 ) to -1.49 (more stable @entity47875 ) kcal mol-1, respectively. The changes in free energy of unfolding on mutation are additive. Of interest, the two most stable mutants ( @entity47875 and @entity47876 ) have been known to act as suppressors and restored the activity of two of the most common tumorigenic mutants. Of the 20 single mutants, 10 are @entity5 -associated, though their frequency of occurrence is extremely low: @entity47877 , @entity47874 , @entity47878 , and @entity33158 are less stable and @entity47879 , @entity47880 and @entity47875 are more stable whereas the rest are neutral. The quadruple mutant (M133LV203AN239YN268D), which is stabilized by 2.65 kcal mol-1 and Tm raised by 5.6 degreesC is of potential interest for trials in vivo.

title: Semirational design of active XXXX suppressor @entity876 DNA binding domain with enhanced stability.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to compare the frequency of @entity3052 in two periods of study in a reference Hospital at Mexico City. METHODS: it was an observational study. There were registered 250 cases with the morphology diagnostic criterion of @entity3052 . RESULTS: 63 cases versus 92 of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and 16 versus 79 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) of 1990-1992 versus 2008-2009 respectively was observed; corresponding to 62 % in total of @entity981 in both periods and 38 % of @entity3052 . The @entity981 was the most frequent variant (62 % versus 38 %). The median age was 26 years, male 52 %. It showed a significant increase in the number of admissions in the period of 2008-2009 and @entity2799 also showed an increase (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3052 is the main cause of admission, mortality and morbidity. Our study differs slightly from the literature; the @entity1778 that diagnostic with major frequency was the @entity981 increasing his number in the period of 2008-2009. The significant rise due to an increase use of new diagnostic tools such as the flow cytometry and molecular biology.

title: [Acute XXXX frequency observed in a reference hospital].

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML', 'acute leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: The cardinal feature of @entity1252 is the formation of anti-nuclear antibodies. In recent years, it has become clear that the nucleosome is a major autoantigen that drives this T cell-dependent autoimmune response, as exemplified by the presence of nucleosome-specific T helper cells and the high prevalence of nucleosome-specific autoantibodies. The only way to generate nucleosomes in vivo is by the process of apoptosis. There is growing evidence that in @entity1252 is disturbed, leading to the release of nucleosomes. Moreover, apoptosis-induced modifications of these autoantigens may render them more immunogenic, especially if the removal of apoptotic cells is insufficient. The first indications for the impaired clearance of apoptotic cells in @entity1252 are emerging. Nucleosomes are also important for mediating tissue lesions, especially @entity631 . In @entity1988 nucleosomes, nucleosome-specific antibodies and nucleosome/IgG complexes have been identified in the glomerular immune deposits. Via their cationic histone part nucleosomes mediate the binding of anti-nuclear antibodies to intrinsic constituents of the glomerular basement membrane, such as the anionic heparan @entity597 and collagen IV. Appreciation of this binding mechanism may lead to new treatment strategies, as shown for non-coagulant heparinoids.

title: Role of nucleosomes for induction and glomerular binding of autoantibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus apoptosis', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: Characterization of the @entity1980 mus-25 mutant suggests that it is defective in recombination repair and belongs to the uvs-6 epistasis group. It shows a high sensitivity to the alkylating agents @entity10842 ( @entity10843 ) and @entity2482 ( @entity2482 ), but not to UV radiation. It is barren (i.e. does not produce ascospores) in homozygous crosses. The frequency of @entity10843 -induced mutations at the ad-3 loci is approximately three times higher than in the wild type. The ratio of homologous to nonhomologous integration of the pMTR::HYG plasmid is much lower than in wild type. The mus-25 mutant is epistatic to the mei-3 mutant for @entity10843 sensitivity. mei-3, which is a homololog of the @entity375 gene @entity11023 , is a member of the uvs-6 epistasis group which contains several genes that are homologous to recombination repair genes in other organisms. The mus-25 gene was cloned by identifying a genomic DNA fragment which complements the @entity10843 sensitivity of the mutant. The @entity535 sequence deduced from the cloned DNA showed a high degree of homology to the @entity29816 protein, which is involved in recombinational repair in @entity375 . Comparison of the @entity377 sequences of the genomic and cDNAs of the mus-25 gene revealed an ORF of 2505 bp with a single 118-bp intron beginning immediately after the second nucleotide of the AUG start codon. The molecular weight of the deduced gene product was 93.5 kDa. The transcript level was raised within 60 min after UV irradiation or @entity10843 treatment, as also observed for the expression of the other @entity1980 recombinational repair genes, suggesting the existence of a common mechanism which induces expression of the recombinational repair genes in response to DNA damage.

title: Characterization of the XXXX mus-25 mutant: the gene encodes a protein which is homologous to the @entity375 @entity29816 protein.

entities_list: @entity2482 :: ('MESH:D008769', 'Chemical') :: ['MNNG', "N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine"]

entities_list: @entity10842 :: ('MESH:D008741', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa', 'N. crassa']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: OBJECT: The achondroplastic spinal canal is narrow due to short pedicles and a small interpedicular distance. Compression of neural structures passing through this canal is therefore regularly encountered but rarely described. Symptomatology, radiological evaluation, and treatment of 20 @entity1 with @entity5884 who underwent decompression of the thoracic spinal cord are described and outcome is correlated with the size of the spinal canal and the thoracolumbar kyphotic angle. METHODS: Scores from the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale, Nurick scale, European @entity602 scale, Cooper @entity602 scale for lower extremities, and Odom criteria before and after surgery were compared. Magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated to determine the size of the spinal canal, @entity1745 , and presence of myelomalacia. The thoracolumbar kyphotic angle was measured using fluoroscopy. RESULTS: @entity1 symptomatology included deterioration of walking pattern, @entity158 , cramps, @entity2473 , and @entity322 . Magnetic resonance images of all @entity1 demonstrated @entity1745 due to degenerative changes. Surgery resulted in a slight improvement on all the ranking scales. Surgery at the wrong level occurred in 15% of cases, but no serious complications occurred. The mean thoracolumbar kyphotic angle was 20  , and no correlation was established between this angle and outcome after surgery. No postoperative increase in this angle was reported. There was also no correlation between size of the spinal canal and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Decompressive surgery of the thoracic spinal cord in @entity1 with @entity5884 can be performed safely if anatomical details are taken into consideration. Spondylodesis did not appear essential. Special attention should be given to the method of surgery, identification of the level of interest, and follow-up of the thoracolumbar kyphotic angle.

title: Surgical decompression of thoracic spinal stenosis in XXXX : indication and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5884 :: ('MESH:D000130', 'Disease') :: ['achondroplasia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'Myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity5884 :: (MESH:D000130,Disease) :: ['achondroplasia']


abstract: The Sf9 insect cell line, derived from Spodoptera frugiperda, was used to study the regulation of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity by @entity11879 receptors. The @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) production was stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner by @entity11879 . @entity11879 also elicited a rise in cytosolic @entity141 . The @entity141 elevation was independent of the @entity268 elevation whereas the @entity268 elevation was partially inhibited by removal of @entity141 . The antagonistic effects of a series of compounds were tested on both responses. @entity5521 inhibited both responses with similar potency. Two of the tested compounds, @entity43884 and @entity49739 , were over 1000-fold more potent in blocking the @entity141 response. @entity1360 , a @entity141 ionophore, or activation of the heterologously expressed muscarinic M(3) receptors in the cells did not alone stimulate @entity268 production. However, a @entity141 elevation potentiated @entity268 production in the presence of a primary stimulant such as @entity1928 or activated G(s) proteins. This type of regulation of AC is different from previously identified @entity141 -sensitive AC isoforms. For comparison the @entity141 /calmodulin-activated type I AC was expressed and demonstrated to be stimulated directly by an increase in @entity141 . Together the results demonstrate that @entity11879 can synergistically regulate the AC activity via two different receptors in Sf9 cells.

title: Dual signalling by different XXXX receptors converges on adenylate cyclase in Sf9 cells.

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity11879 :: ('MESH:D009655', 'Chemical') :: ['octopamine', 'Octopamine']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['Ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity11879 :: (MESH:D009655,Chemical) :: ['octopamine']


abstract: Six hundred and twenty-eight courses of @entity900 containing chemotherapy were recorded in @entity1 receiving up to three courses of cytotoxic drugs with @entity3974 (OND) given as an antiemetic agent (32 mg as a single iv dose or as a continuous infusion). The sample size of @entity1 decreases from one course to another due to phenomena which may or may not be related to the chemotherapy and the anti-emetic treatment or to the evolution of the @entity5 . For @entity1 with incomplete response to @entity3974 , withdrawals could be related to an insufficient antiemetic effect as is known with other antiemetic drugs. Conversely, it is not the case for @entity1 who had a complete response. Therefore, to avoid any bias due to @entity1 selection, the analysis is based on the probability of changes from complete to incomplete response or from complete to complete response between two subsequent courses ( @entity23348 ). The response to OND treatment for the course @entity23348 depends not only on the efficacy during this course ( @entity23348 ) but also on the response during the prior course (i). A discrete time-dependent statistical model (Markov chain) was used to test the evolution of the probability of remaining in complete response. This probability was equal to 66% between the first and the second course, and to 88% between the second and the third one. The probability of remaining in complete response significantly increased during repeated courses (P = 0.001). These results show that in @entity1 for whom OND treatment allows a complete antiemetic control during the first course of chemotherapy, the probability of remaining with no emetic episodes at all increases during the two subsequent courses.

title: [Antiemetic effect of XXXX in recurrent chemotherapy with @entity900 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['ondansetron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) is raised by the compromised contraction and impaired ventricular compliance in dilated hearts with @entity299 . Timely recognition and staging of this condition are important for planning of the treatment strategy and making the prognosis. Two-dimensional speckle- tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) has recently enabled the quantification of left atrial (LA) myocardial deformation dynamics. In this study, echocardiographic indicators of increased LVFP and NT-pro-BNP were compared with LA strain measured by 2D-STE. METHODS: A total of 49 @entity384 (DCMP) @entity1 were included in the study. All @entity1 underwent standard 2D echocardiography. In the 2D-STE analysis of the LA, global longitudinal LA strain during ventricular systole (GLAs-res) and strain during late diastole (GLAs-pump) were obtained. NT-pro-BNP levels were measured. The @entity1 were divided into two groups--normal (group 1) and increased (group 2) LVFP--according to E/A ratio, E velocity, and E/E' ratio. RESULTS: LAVi-max, LAVi-min, and NT-pro-BNP were higher in group 2, whereas LAtotalEF, LAactiveEF, GLAs-res, and GLAs-pump were lower. In univariate analysis, a good negative correlation was seen between GLAs-res vs. NT-pro-BNP, GLAs-res vs. LAVi-max, and GLAs-res vs. E/E' ratio; a good negative correlation was present between GLAs-pump vs. NT-pro-BNP, GLAs-pump vs. LAVi-max, and GLAs-pump vs. E/E' ratio. LAVi-max, LAactiveEF, NT-pro-BNP, GLas-res, and GLAs-pump were studied by logistic regression analysis. GLAs-res (p   =   0.009, OR   =   0.593, 95   % CI 0.4-0.877), NT-pro-BNP (p   =   0.028, OR   =   1.027, 95   % CI 1.003-1.052), and LAactiveEF (p   =   0.022, OR   =   0.001, 95   % CI 0.001-0.024) were found to be independent predictors of increased LVFP. CONCLUSION: 2D-STE-based LA function is impaired in @entity1 with nonischemic @entity17602 . LA reservoir and pump function parameters together with NT-pro-BNP levels might be useful in estimating LVFP in this @entity1 group.

title: Left atrial deformation and XXXX . A 2D speckle-tracking imaging study.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Bronchiectasis is common in developing countries, but its precise underlying mechanism can be detected in only about 40% of the cases. The studies reporting the frequency of @entity402 and its relation to radiological findings and lung function in @entity4595 are limited in number, and the results are controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between @entity402 and @entity4595 by means of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and pulmonary function tests. Skin prick test, @entity2101 and pulmonary function tests, including spirometric values of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio were performed in 121 bronchiectatic @entity1 of unknown etiology and in 68 healthy controls. Atopy and @entity2101 scores for the severity of @entity402 and extent of @entity4595 respectively were determined for each @entity1 . The rate of @entity402 (48.8% vs 11.8%) and mean @entity402 score (14.3 +/- 10.1 mm vs 5.5 +/- 2.1 mm) were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity4595 than those in controls. @entity1097 @entity1 had significantly worse spirometric values and more extended @entity4595 than non-atopics. There is a significant correlation between @entity402 and @entity2101 scores (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), indicating that the more severe @entity402 is the more extended @entity4595 . In conclusion, we suggest that the rate of @entity402 is higher in bronchiectatic @entity1 than that in healthy controls. Bronchiectatic @entity1 with @entity402 have lower spirometric values and higher @entity2101 scores. Atopy might be considered as a deteriorating and/or a causative or contributing factor for development of @entity4595 .

title: Atopy in @entity1 with XXXX : more than coincidence.

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high resolution computed tomography', 'HRCT']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: Sex @entity230 have dramatic and differential effects on classic endocrine organ proliferation and apoptosis. In this investigation we sought to delineate similar effects of sex @entity230 on proliferation, cell cycle phase and apoptosis in lymphocyte cell lines as models for T and B cells. @entity172 and @entity251 inhibited T cell line proliferation, induced accumulation of cells in S/G(2)M phases of the cell cycle, and increased apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. There was a more modest effect of @entity172 and @entity251 on cell cycling and apoptosis in B lymphocyte cell lines, suggesting that @entity172 and @entity251 are inhibitory to T but not B cell lines. In comparison, @entity1420 induced cytostasis and modestly increased apoptosis in both T and B cell lines. @entity172 and @entity251 were not antagonistic or synergistic to each other in their effects on cell cycle phase distribution, and only minimally synergistic for apoptosis. In contrast, @entity1420 antagonized cell cycle and apoptotic effects of @entity172 in T cells. @entity172 -induced cell cycle and apoptotic effects in T cell lines were associated with suppression of @entity588 protein levels, which were unaffected in Raji B cells. @entity1420 also antagonized the @entity172 -induced changes in T cell @entity588 protein levels. These results suggest that there may be significant and differential sex @entity134 effects on T and B lymphocytes that may be important to @entity458 in immune and autoimmune responses.

title: Differential effects of sex @entity230 on T and B cells: modulation of cell cycle phase distribution, apoptosis and XXXX protein levels.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dichotomies']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR, the dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A clear understanding of the absorption and metabolism of TCMs is very important in their rational clinical use and pharmacological research. To find more of the absorbed constituents and metabolites of TCMs, a novel strategy was proposed. This strategy was characterized by the following: the establishment and utilization of the databases of parent compounds, known metabolites and characteristic neutral losses; the comparison of base peak chromatograms and ClogPs; and the use of the HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n) technique. This strategy was first applied to screen and identify the absorbed constituents and metabolites of PRR decoction and @entity13575 in @entity35 . In total, 13 new absorbed constituents and 90 new metabolites of PRR decoction were detected. Among these metabolites, the structures of 70 metabolites were identified, and the conjugation types and structure skeletons of the other 20 metabolites were preliminarily determined. Moreover, 35 new metabolites of some constituents of PRR, i.e., 22 new metabolites of @entity13575 , 10 new metabolites of @entity11676 -related compounds, 1 new metabolite of @entity12919 -related compounds, and 2 new metabolites of other compounds, were reported for the first time. The results also indicated that (epi) @entity12919 -related compounds, @entity11676 -related compounds and @entity13575 were the main precursors of these metabolites. Phase I reactions (dehydroxylation, decarboxylation, dehydrogenation) and phase II reactions (sulfation, glucuronidation and methylation) were observed as the main metabolic pathways of PRR. According to the literature, the 11 absorbed constituents and 11 metabolites have various bioactivities. This study is the first to explore the absorption and metabolism of PRR decoction, and the result also is a notable improvement in the discovery of @entity13575 metabolites in vivo. These findings enhance our understanding of the metabolism and Effective forms (the truly active structures) of PRR decoction and @entity13575 .

title: The profiling and identification of the absorbed constituents and metabolites of Paeoniae Radix Rubra decoction in XXXX plasma and urine by the HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n) technique: a novel strategy for the systematic screening and identification of absorbed constituents and metabolites from traditional Chinese medicines.

entities_list: @entity13575 :: ('MESH:C015423', 'Chemical') :: ['paeoniflorin']

entities_list: @entity12919 :: ('MESH:D002392', 'Chemical') :: ['(epi)catechin', 'catechin']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['gallic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the possible similarities between two paradigms designed to measure sensory gating: (1) an auditory evoked potential (AEP), called the P50 gating paradigm; and (2) an acoustic startle (ASR), called the prepulse inhibition paradigm. These paradigms show a number of methodological, pharmacological, and neurobiological similarities, and they are both disturbed in @entity1 with @entity161 . In the first of three experiments, the AEP gating and the ASR gating were measured in @entity35 . Although both AEP and ASR gating could readily be obtained, there appeared to be no correlation between the performance in these two paradigms. This lack of correlation was confirmed using a factor analytical approach, where the AEP gating and the ASR gating parameters were found to load on different factors. In the second experiment, the interstimulus interval in the ASR paradigm was increased to 500 ms (identical to the interstimulus interval of the AEP gating paradigm). This increase reduced the degree of ASR gating, although some gating could still be obtained. Again no correlation was found between AEP and ASR gating, and this was again confirmed by the factorial analysis. In the final experiment, the effects of the @entity935 D2/3 agonist @entity20164 were evaluated in both paradigms. This selective agonist dose dependently reduced ASR gating but had no effect on AEP gating. Together, these data strongly suggest that AEP and ASR gating measure two different aspects of information processing and indicate that both paradigms may be important for investigating the neurobiological disturbances observed in @entity1 with @entity914 .

title: Sensory gating in XXXX : lack of correlation between auditory evoked potential gating and prepulse inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2557 ( @entity2557 ) plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis. @entity2557 is abnormally upregulated in @entity157 ( @entity157 ), where it correlates positively with clinicopathologic index, @entity157 differentiation and advanced nuclear grade. In this study, we describe an aberrantly spliced transcript of @entity2557 , termed @entity2557  7-9, was identified as a high frequency even in @entity157 . @entity2557  7-9 lacks exons encoding the immunoglobulin-like-III domain and promoted the proliferation, migration and metastasis of @entity157 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays demonstrated that the binding affinity of the aberrant @entity2557  7-9 receptor to FGFs was significantly higher than wild-type FGFR3IIIc. Further, @entity2557  7-9 could be self-activated by homodimerization and autophosphorylation even in the absence of ligand. Lastly, @entity2557  7-9 more potently induced phosphorylation of the @entity3963 and @entity584 kinases, leading to abnormal downstream signaling through the @entity3963 and PI3K/ @entity584 / @entity3470 pathways. @entity2557  7-9 also upregulated the metastasis-associated molecules @entity4245 , @entity1495 and downregulated @entity5962 , which associated directly with @entity2557  7-9. Thus, as a ligand-dependent or -independent receptor, @entity2557  7-9 exerted multiple potent oncogenic functions in @entity157 cells, including proliferation, migration and lung metastatic capacity. Overall, @entity2557 mRNA missplicing in @entity157 contributes significantly to its malignant character, with implications for therapeutic targeting.

title: Phenotypic and signaling consequences of a novel aberrantly spliced transcript FGF receptor-3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Gene') :: ['Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3', 'FGFR3']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1793 ( @entity1793 ) are known superantigens for T cells expressing the alpha beta T-cell receptor (TCR). They bind to MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and can subsequently trigger T-cell responses by binding to V beta-gene products. The reactivity of gamma delta T cells with enterotoxins is less well defined although both proliferative and cytotoxic responses have been described. In the present study we have tested the cytotoxic reactivity of a panel of 41 gamma delta T-cell clones against target cells coated with the enterotoxins SEA, @entity7698 , @entity8639 , @entity11632 , @entity11633 , SED, SEE or TSST. Three reaction patterns were observed with the gamma delta T-cell clones: (1) clones that specifically lysed SEA-coated target cells only; (2) clones that specifically lysed SEE-coated target cells only, and (3) clones that specifically lysed SEA-coated target cells only in the presence of certain @entity1 sera. The presence of SEA-specific antibodies in such @entity1 sera could be demonstrated. Moreover, gamma delta T-cell clones of this third category expressed the IgG @entity4071 ( @entity4071 ) which indicates that these clones are capable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity towards SEA-coated target cells. Thus, the cytotoxic response of gamma delta T cells to @entity1793 is mediated by two distinct pathways: an antibody-independent and an antibody-dependent pathway. The antibody-independent reactivity of gamma delta T cells was directed to either SEA or SEE, whereas antibody-dependent reactivity was found only towards SEA. The capacity of gamma delta T-cell clones to respond to stimulation with @entity1793 , combined with their high cytolytic capacity in vitro, suggests that these cells can be involved in SE-directed immune responses and efficiently kill SE-coated target cells in vivo.

title: Reactivity of XXXX gamma delta T cells to staphylococcal enterotoxins: a restricted reaction pattern mediated by two distinct recognition pathways.

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['Staphylococcal enterotoxins', 'SEs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Members of the Ras protooncogene family are mutated in approximately 75% of @entity694 . The @entity8496 kinases ( @entity45279 and @entity33415 ) directly interact with Ras and serve as mediators of mitogenic signals. Expression of the constitutively active alleles of @entity8496 or Ras gene families results in oncogenesis in a number of model systems. Previous studies emphasized the importance of @entity10242 and @entity817 in preventing apoptosis in addition to their roles in cell growth. In the present study, we examined whether inhibition of the @entity10242 or @entity817 kinase decreases cell growth and increases apoptosis in @entity694 cells. @entity10242 and @entity817 were depleted in @entity694 cell lines, such as HCT116, HT29 and Colo205, containing Ras or @entity817 mutations by RNA interference (RNAi). The results showed that @entity694 cells with activating Ras mutations undergo apoptosis following @entity10242 inhibition, as determined by cell cycle analysis and the release of @entity4674 . Moreover, in @entity817 mutant @entity694 , the inhibition of @entity817 as compared to @entity10242 is crucial for @entity5 cell @entity204 . There is increasing evidence for both @entity8047 -independent @entity8496 signaling and @entity8496 -independent @entity8047 signaling. Thus, we investigated whether targeting multiple points of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway with a @entity8047 inhibitor and @entity8496 RNAi increases @entity5 cell @entity204 . The results showed that combination therapy, inhibiting @entity8496 and @entity8047 kinases simultaneously, increased apoptosis in @entity694 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that combination therapy targeting the MAPK pathway at two distinct points, @entity8496 kinase and @entity8047 , has greater efficacy in increasing @entity5 cell @entity204 and is likely to improve therapeutic outcomes for @entity1 .

title: Combination therapy targeting XXXX and @entity8047 causes apoptosis of HCT116 @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity10242 :: (5894,Gene) :: ['Raf-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of low dose volume of the lung on @entity6937 ( @entity1207 ) in @entity1 with @entity418 treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) only, and to analyze the relation of comprehensive parameters of the dose-volume V5, V20 and @entity358 ( @entity358 ) with acute @entity1207 . METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-two @entity1 with @entity418 treated by 3D-CRT have been followed up. The V5-V30 and @entity358 were calculated from the dose-volume histogram system. The clinical factors and treatment parameters were collected and analyzed. The acute @entity1207 was evaluated according to the RTOG @entity137 criteria. RESULTS: The acute @entity1207 of grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 were observed in 68 (30.6%), 40 (18.0%), 8 (3.6%) and 1 (0.5%) cases, respectively. The univariate analysis of measurement data:The @entity5 length, radiation fields, @entity358 and lung V5-V30 had a significant relationship with the acute @entity1207 . The magnitude of the number of radiation fields, the volume of GTV, @entity358 and Lung V5-V30 had a significant difference in whether the >=  grade 1 and >=  grade 2 acute @entity1207 developed or not. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that @entity358 , Lung V5, V20 and V25 were independent risk factors of >=  grade 1 acute @entity1207 , and the radiation fields, @entity358 and Lung V5 were independent risk factors of >=  grade 2 acute @entity1207 . The >=  grade 1 and >=  grade 2 acute @entity1207 were significantly decreased when @entity358 less than 14 Gy, V5 and V20 were less than 60% and 28%,respectively. When the V20  <= 28%, the acute @entity1207 was significantly decreased in V5  <= 60% group. When the @entity358 was  <= 14 Gy, the >=  1 grade acute @entity1207 was significantly decreased in the V5  <= 60% group. When the @entity358 was >14 Gy, the >=  grade 2 acute @entity1207 was significantly decreased in the V5  <= 60% group. CONCLUSIONS: The low dose volume of the lung is effective in predicting @entity1207 in @entity1 with @entity418 treated with 3D-CRT only. The comprehensive parameters combined with V5, V20 and @entity358 may increase the effect in predicting @entity1207 .

title: [Low dose volume histogram analysis of the lungs in prediction of @entity6937 in @entity1 with XXXX treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['mean lung dose', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation pneumonitis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported that the presence of a restrictive filling pattern (RFP) is associated with poor outcome in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). These studies, of variable sample size, have involved different @entity712 @entity1 groups with variable associated mortality rates and follow-up times, and while powered for effects on combined end-points such as @entity204 or hospital admission, many were underpowered to reliably determine the overall effect of the RFP on total mortality. Consequently, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the mortality associated with RFP in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: We searched several online medical databases for prospective studies of @entity1 with @entity712 . All authors were requested to confirm their data. All-cause mortality was compared between RFP and non-restrictive filling patterns (Non-RFP). Review Manager version 4.2.7 software was used for the analysis. RESULTS: 3024 @entity1 in 27 studies were identified (379 idiopathic @entity296 , 2645 mixed aetiology @entity712 ). Average follow-up was between 3 months and 5 years. 1284 (42%) @entity1 had RFP at baseline. 688 @entity204 occurred and the overall odds ratio for @entity204 was 4.36 (CI 3.60, 5.04); idiopathic group: 6.65 (CI 3.86, 11.47); mixed aetiology group: 4.10 (CI 3.34, 5.04). The overall odds ratio for @entity204 /transplantation was 4.87 (CI 4.04, 5.86); idiopathic group: 7.62 (CI 4.50, 12.92); mixed aetiology group: 4.56 (CI 3.74, 5.56). CONCLUSIONS: Restrictive filling pattern is associated with a four-fold increase in mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 and thus should be an important part of the echocardiographic assessment of such @entity1 .

title: The prognostic significance of restrictive diastolic filling associated with XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity396 is known to be effective in stimulating intestinal transit both in healthy individuals and in @entity1 with chronic constipation when evaluated in short-term trials. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of @entity396 in the long-term management of @entity1 with chronic refractory constipation. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 were offered @entity396 (600-2400 microg/day) as adjunctive therapy in an open-ended, non-blinded trial. All @entity1 were encouraged to continue the drug for a minimum of 4 weeks, after which time the effect on bowel movement patterns was evaluated and continued use of @entity396 was offered to those @entity1 who demonstrated a clinical benefit. RESULTS: Six @entity1 withdrew prior to 4 weeks because of side-effects. In the 12 @entity1 who continued the treatment and were evaluated at 4 weeks, the mean interval between bowel movement frequency had decreased from a baseline of 11.25 to 4.8 days (P = 0.0004). Eight @entity1 continued the long-term treatment, with sustained response seen in six. In a subset of @entity1 (n = 4) the effect of single-dose @entity396 (400 microg) was evaluated compared to healthy controls (n = 5) on post-prandial @entity1319 . @entity396 augmented the @entity694 response to a meal throughout the colon, and this was significantly greater in the left versus right colonic segments (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity396 can be effective as part of the long-term medical treatment of @entity1 with chronic refractory constipation, but side-effects are observed at higher doses and can be a limiting factor. Part of @entity396 's action may be mediated through the augmentation of @entity694 , particularly of the left colon.

title: XXXX in the treatment of chronic refractory constipation: results of a long-term open label trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic motility']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['Misoprostol', 'misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['segmental colonic motility']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['Misoprostol']


abstract: We reviewed clinical presentation, investigations, therapy, prognosis and outcome of 232 @entity1 with primary ( @entity1582 ) @entity299 . There were 142 @entity1 and 90 @entity1 . Median age at presentation was 59 years (range 29-85). @entity299 was unusual both in @entity1 under the age of 40 (3.0%) and in non-Caucasians (6.5%). Fatigue and @entity425 were the commonest presenting symptoms. Hallmark features of periorbital ecchymoses and @entity11124 were present in 12.5% and 27.2%, respectively. @entity299 was unusual in isolation (3.9%), and most frequently @entity1 had features of @entity409 ; heavy @entity644 and features of malabsorption predominating in this respect. Heart involvement represents the worst prognostic indicator, with a median survival from diagnosis of 1.08 years, falling to 0.75 years with the onset of @entity712 . Current therapeutic procedures appear to prolong survival, with left ventricular wall thickness, mass and ejection fraction on echocardiography and late potentials on signal averaged electrocardiography of use in prognostic stratification. Cardiac involvement from @entity1582 is rapidly fatal. It should be suspected in all @entity1 with @entity712 who have wall thickening on echo, normal chamber sizes, low EKG voltages and evidence suggesting a @entity66 .

title: The clinical features of immunoglobulin light-chain ( @entity1582 ) amyloidosis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac amyloidosis', 'AL heart disease', 'AL cardiac amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity11124 :: ('MESH:D008260', 'Disease') :: ['macroglossia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart involvement']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To reassess the association between @entity4786 and @entity3794 . DESIGN: Retrospective single-center study with analysis of @entity1 ' chest radiographs, CT scans, and medical records. SETTING: Tertiary care, referral medical center. @entity1 : One hundred fifty-six adult @entity1 with @entity4786 seen over a 6-year period between 1997 and 2002. RESULTS: A review of chest radiographs revealed abnormal findings in 70 @entity1 (44.9%). The most common radiographic abnormalities were extrapulmonary nodules or masses seen in 22 @entity1 (14.1%), followed by @entity853 in 16 @entity1 (10.3%). Bilateral interstitial infiltrates were noted in only three @entity1 (1.9%), all of whom had potential causes other than @entity4786 for their lung infiltrates, including smoking-related @entity401 , @entity358 , recurrent @entity55 , and a history of @entity649 . CT scans were available in two of these @entity1 and revealed nonspecific patterns of abnormalities with no honeycombing. Six @entity1 had bullae or cystic airspaces demonstrated on chest radiography or CT scan; all of these findings occurred in the context of smoking-related @entity2415 . Combined together, bilateral interstitial lung infiltrates or cystic airspaces were demonstrated in five @entity1 (3.2%) by chest radiography, and in eight @entity1 (5.1%) by chest radiography or CT scanning; one @entity1 had both findings on the CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: We found little evidence to support an association between @entity4786 and @entity3794 or any other form of @entity358 . @entity401 and bullae described in association with @entity4786 in previous reports may have, in part, represented smoking-induced manifestations.

title: Lack of evidence for an association between @entity4786 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid lung disease', 'parenchymal lung disease']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease', 'Interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: A continuous cell line of @entity320 has been established. The @entity5 specimen was obtained from a left axillary lymph node of a @entity320 originating in the abdominal skin of a 67-year-old @entity1 . The cell line has been designated @entity26381 . Explant specimens showed positive dopa staining, but after 2 years and 4 months, or 60 generations of cell passage, the dopa staining is now weakly positive. Treatment with @entity5393 that causes marked morphological changes induces melanin production and lowers the proliferative ability of the cells. These changes were reversible. Transplantation of the cells to @entity19 resulted in the formation of large @entity5 consisting of epithelioid cells and spindle cells. Morphologically, the majority of the cell population in vitro was polygonal epithelioid cells, but the cell passage produced a large number of spindle cells. The shape of the @entity26381 cells was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Depending upon the culture conditions, either of these cell types could be predominated, indicating that both cells are of the same origin.

title: On a new continuous cell line ( XXXX ) derived from @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity26381 :: (MESH:C098227,Chemical) :: ['TM-1']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of @entity1875 , methohexital, and midazalom in providing adequate sedation during administration of retrobulbar block and satisfactory postoperative @entity2730 . DESIGN: Retrospective chart review over a 4-month period. SETTING: Ambulatory @entity1 in the main operating room of a university-affiliated hospital. @entity1 : One hundred forty-seven ambulatory @entity1 undergoing ophthalmologic surgery of less than 2 hours' duration under regional anesthesia consisting of retrobulbar or peribulbar block and intravenous (IV) sedation. INTERVENTIONS: One of three drugs-- @entity1875 0.47 +/- 0.06 mg/kg, @entity1363 0.02 +/- 0.005 mg/kg, or methohexital 0.45 +/- 0.16 mg/kg--was administered IV. @entity1 were observed for a minimum of 60 seconds or until adequate sedation was achieved, after which a retrobulbar or peribulbar block was performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and @entity26 saturation were monitored and recorded. @entity1 were observed for @entity386 , @entity11637 , @entity158 on injection, excitement, @entity400 , grimacing, or verbal response during the block. The requirement for additional sedation intraoperatively was noted. @entity1 were questioned postoperatively in the ambulatory recovery room for recall of needle insertion or discomfort during the block, as well as about their satisfaction with the overall experience. CONCLUSIONS: Grimacing or verbal response during the retrobulbar or peribulbar block did not predict or correlate with @entity1 recall. @entity1875 was equal to both @entity1363 and methohexital in providing adequate sedation and postoperative @entity2730 but possesses the added advantages of @entity1209 , lower intraocular pressure, and earlier return-to-home readiness.

title: A comparison of @entity1875 , XXXX , and methohexital for sedation during retrobulbar and peribulbar block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['reduced postoperative vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the mechanism of @entity741 in @entity1 with @entity8674 , we performed a scintigraphic evaluation of myocardial perfusion during exercise. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 30 @entity1 with @entity8674 , (mean [+/-SD] age, 37 +/- 10 years) who had no electrocardiographic (ECG), radiographic, or echo-Doppler signs of @entity120 , @entity4346 , or impaired contractility. All @entity1 had a hemoglobin level greater than 7 g/dL. Treadmill exercise test was performed according to the Bruce protocol. Myocardial perfusion was assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography, using Tetrofosmin Tc-99 m Myoview as radiotracer, at peak exercise and again 4 hours later. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (27%) developed stress-induced scintigraphic perfusion abnormalities that were reversible in all but 1 @entity1 . Subsequent coronary angiograms were normal in all 8 @entity1 . ST segment @entity308 was seen during exercise in 5 of the 7 @entity1 who had reversible perfusion defects. Except for a significantly greater white blood cell count, these 5 @entity1 did not differ from the rest of @entity1 by sex, age, hemoglobin level, percentage hemoglobin F, @entity8674 genotype, or risk factors for @entity453 . Three of the 5 @entity1 with perfusion and ECG abnormalities (and another with only perfusion defects) developed a stress-induced sickling crisis. CONCLUSION: Physical stress may induce @entity741 in @entity8674 @entity1 with normal coronary arteries and elicit @entity158 crises. The sickling process, activated by exercise, could be the common underlying mechanism.

title: Exercise-induced myocardial perfusion abnormalities in XXXX : Tc-99m tetrofosmin gated SPECT imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia', 'sickle beta-thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['sickle beta-thalassemia']


abstract: True @entity227 ( @entity227 ) plants flower regardless of day-length and yet they flower at characteristic stages. @entity227 @entity286 cv. @entity286 , makes about forty nodes before flowering. The question still persists whether flowering starts because leaves become physiologically able to export sufficient floral stimulus or the shoot apical meristem (SAM) acquires developmental competence to interpret its arrival. This question was addressed using @entity286 expressing the @entity6739 cell cycle gene, Spcdc25, as a tool. Spcdc25 expression induces early flowering and we tested a hypothesis that this phenotype arises because of premature floral competence of the SAM. Scions of vegetative Spcdc25 plants were grafted onto stocks of vegetative @entity7097 together with converse grafts and flowering onset followed (as the time since sowing and number of leaves formed till flowering). Spcdc25 plants flowered significantly earlier with fewer leaves, and, unlike @entity7097 , also formed flowers from axillary buds. Scions from vegetative Spcdc25 plants also flowered precociously when grafted to vegetative @entity7097 stocks. However, in a @entity7097 scion to Spcdc25 stock, the plants flowered at the same time as @entity7097 . SAMs from young vegetative Spcdc25 plants were elongated (increase in SAM convexity determined by tracing a circumference of SAM sections) with a pronounced meristem surface cell layers compared with @entity7097 . Presumably, Spcdc25 SAMs were competent for flowering earlier than @entity7097 and responded to florigenic signal produced even in young vegetative @entity7097 plants. Precocious reproductive competence in Spcdc25 SAMs comprised a pronounced mantle, a trait of prefloral SAMs. Hence, we propose that true @entity227 plants export florigenic signal since early developmental stages but the SAM has to acquire competence to respond to the floral stimulus.

title: A yeast mitotic activator sensitises the shoot apical meristem to become floral in XXXX @entity286 .

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Samsun', 'Nicotiana tabacum', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'day-neutral']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['day-neutral']


abstract: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are commonly used to treat @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 . Hippocampal atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and amyloid-b load on positron emission tomography are associated with the @entity195 -related pathology in @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 . To date, few studies have investigated imaging markers that predict treatment response in @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 . Our objective was to determine whether imaging markers of @entity195 -related pathology such as hippocampal volume, brain amyloid-b load on @entity4359 Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography predict treatment response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 . We performed a retrospective analysis on consecutive treatment-naive @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 (n   =   54) from the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre who subsequently received acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and underwent magnetic resonance imaging with hippocampal volumetry. Baseline and follow-up assessments were obtained with the @entity303 Rating Scale. Subjects were divided into three groups (reliable improvement, stable or reliable decline) using @entity303 Rating Scale reliable change indices determined previously. Associations between hippocampal volumes and treatment response were tested with analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline @entity303 Rating Scale, age, gender, magnetic resonance field strength and @entity303 Rating Scale interval. Seven subjects underwent @entity4359 Pittsburgh compound B imaging within 12 weeks of magnetic resonance imaging. Global cortical @entity4359 Pittsburgh compound B retention (scaled to cerebellar retention) was calculated in these @entity1 . Using a conservative psychometric method of assessing treatment response, there were 12 @entity1 with reliable decline, 29 stable cases and 13 @entity1 with reliable improvement. The improvers had significantly larger hippocampi than those that declined (P   =   0.02) and the stable (P   =   0.04) group. An exploratory analysis demonstrated larger grey matter volumes in the temporal and parietal lobes in improvers compared with those who declined (P   <   0.05). The two @entity1 who had a positive (11)C Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography scan declined and those who had a negative (11)C Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography scan improved or were stable after treatment. @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 who do not have the imaging features of coexistent @entity195 -related pathology are more likely to cognitively improve with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment.

title: Imaging and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor response in XXXX with @entity1832 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Mattis Dementia', 'Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Coronary reperfusion following @entity741 may result in further damage to injured myocytes, as judged by their ultrastructural appearance. @entity460 entry into myocytes has been implicated in this effect, and @entity460 channel-blocking agents have been used in attempts to prevent or limit such damage. In this study, we produced @entity741 in @entity1707 by means of reversible @entity1563 . The @entity1707 were infused with either @entity594 or @entity1855 (both clinically employed @entity460 channel-blocking agents) prior to and during coronary reperfusion. During reperfusion, @entity594 produced a lowering of mean arterial pressure, while mean arterial pressure was constant in @entity1855 -treated @entity1707 and rose in @entity1707 not receiving drugs. Myocardial samples from the @entity63 , reperfused region were examined by electron microscopy. @entity2806 to nuclei, mitochondria, and myofibrils and glycogen depletion were independently graded on a three-point scale by two investigators. For each of the organelles studied, @entity2806 was significantly less for @entity594 -treated animals than for controls. @entity2806 in @entity1855 -treated @entity1707 was not different from that seen in control animals, except for a slight improvement in myofibrillar appearance. We conclude that @entity594 , administered prior to and during reperfusion of myocardium, protects against @entity5721 . The mechanism of this protective effect may be attributable, in part, to afterload reduction and, in part, to inhibition of transmembrane @entity460 flux in cardiac fibers.

title: @entity5721 in XXXX myocardium: effects of @entity594 and @entity1855 .

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic damage', 'ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current methods using sonographic parameters and/or maternal serum beta-HCG levels to predict @entity2208 are not satisfactory. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal plasma fetal DNA and total DNA levels could be used to predict @entity2208 . METHODS: We prospectively studied pregnant @entity1 who presented with @entity3556 in the first trimester of pregnancy, and those who had no @entity3556 (controls). @entity16439 and the @entity5358 gene were used to measure the maternal plasma levels of fetal and total DNA, respectively, by real-time PCR. RESULTS: A total of 1114 @entity1 were studied. Both maternal plasma fetal and total DNA concentrations increased with gestation from 6 to 11.6 weeks in the controls. The multiple of medians (MoMs) of fetal and total DNA concentration in those who miscarried were significantly greater (P < 0.001) than in the normal controls by about 5- and 4-fold respectively. Using a cut-off value of 1.6 MoMs for total DNA to predict @entity2208 , the sensitivity was 98.2% and false positive rate was 4.7%. However, using a cut-off value of 1.8 MoMs for fetal DNA, the corresponding figures were 97% and 44.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both maternal plasma fetal and total DNA concentrations increased throughout the first trimester. Significantly high levels of fetal and total DNA were found in those who miscarried.

title: Correlation of maternal plasma total cell-free DNA and fetal DNA levels with short term outcome of first-trimester XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

answer: @entity3556 :: (MESH:D014592,Disease) :: ['vaginal bleeding']


abstract: The effectiveness of injecting fibrin (group 1; with @entity7544 : n = 11; without @entity7544 : n = 29) or @entity5324 (with [n = 17] or without @entity7544 [n = 8]) or @entity7544 alone (n = 15) (group 2) in the arrest of @entity548 from peptic ulcers was compared in a prospective randomized study of 80 @entity1 (61 males, 19 females; mean age 66.7 [28-92] years). Both groups were comparable regarding age, sex distribution, @entity1066 site and haemoglobin concentration. The amount of fibrin injected per @entity1 at the first session averaged 2.9 +/- 1.8 ml, that of @entity5324 3.1 +/- 1.9 ml. The initial injection was successful in all but one @entity1 (40 and 39, respectively). Primary definitive haemostasis was achieved in 59 @entity1 (73.8%), with recurrence of @entity548 in 20 (9 and 11: 25%). Recurrent @entity548 was always treated with fibrin injection. Definitive haemostasis was achieved by a second application of fibrin in eight @entity1 (10%), so that the definitive haemostasis rate was 83.8%. A second recurrence of @entity548 was noted in eight @entity1 , requiring surgical treatment. Four @entity1 died during the second recurrence. It is concluded that injection of fibrin is an effective method of treatment of @entity548 @entity1066 . There was no evidence that fibrin was better than @entity5324 with or without @entity1425 .

title: [Injection therapy of XXXX peptic @entity1066 with fibrin or @entity5324 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity7544 :: ('CHEBI:28918', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenalin']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Pityriasis versicolor can be treated by a single or multiple dosage regime of @entity3102 as well as by @entity2380 . The therapeutic efficacy of these two drugs has not been compared. One hundred and eighty @entity1 with moderate to extensive @entity14937 confirmed by KOH and Wood's lamp examination were randomly assigned to one of the four oral antifungal regimes: @entity3102 400 mg single dose (Category I), @entity3102 200 mg daily for 10 days (Category II), @entity2380 400 mg single dose (Category III) or @entity2380 150 mg per week for 4 weeks (Category IV). Follow up was done at 2 and 4 weeks and then at 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment in each group. KOH and Wood's lamp examinations were repeated each time. After four weeks of treatment, clinical cure was observed in 66.6% (Category I), 73.3% (Category II), 80% (Category III) and 59.9% (Category IV) of @entity1 . Mycological cure after four weeks of treatment was observed in 53.3% (Category I), 73.3% (Category II), 82.2% (Category III) and 64.4% (Category IV) of @entity1 . After twelve months of follow-up, maximum relapses were observed with Category I. No relapse was seen in Category III @entity1 . The time period of relapse varied from three to ten months. In conclusion, single dose 400 mg oral @entity2380 provided the best clinical as well as mycological cure rate with no relapse during twelve months of follow-up.

title: Comparative efficacy of XXXX and @entity2380 in the treatment of @entity14937 : a one year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis versicolor']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess how socioeconomic deprivation influences the presentation, treatment, and outcome of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Three year follow up of 869 consecutive @entity1 with @entity309 from nine hospital rheumatology clinics, with @entity1 categorised by the Carstairs deprivation score of their enumeration district of residence. Outcomes included Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), joint and @entity158 scores, grip strength, functional grade, radiological evidence of @entity2721 , and medical/surgical interventions. RESULTS: @entity1 from more deprived enumeration districts presented with more severe disease as judged by the HAQ score and joint scores. An increase from the 5th to the 95th centile of the Carstairs distribution was associated with an odds ratio of 1.87 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.31 to 2.66) for an above-median HAQ score and 1.77 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.54) for an above-median joint score. Statistically non-significant deprivation trends were seen with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity158 score, and grip strength. By three years, despite no important differences in clinical management, socioeconomic differentials had worsened or remained unchanged such that clear deprivation trends were then seen in HAQ (p=0.002) and joint scores (p=0.001), in grip strength (p=0. 008), and in functional grade (p=0.003). The association between deprivation and HAQ at three years was present after adjustment for age, sex, treatment centre, and HAQ at presentation (adjusted odds ratio 1.74, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.74). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic deprivation was associated with a worse clinical course of @entity309 , and this effect was already apparent at presentation, but not with systematic differentials in its treatment. This suggests that individual susceptibility and lifestyle factors contribute to socioeconomic differentials in outcome, an observation that has implications for clinical management.

title: Socioeconomic deprivation and XXXX : what lessons for the health service? ERAS Study Group. Early @entity309 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony erosions']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid disease', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the intrasession test-retest variability of microperimetry in @entity1 with @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). METHODS: This study consisted of two separate groups of subjects who had not performed microperimetry previously. In group 1, 30 @entity1020 and 14 control @entity1 performed three microperimetry examinations of a selected eye within one session ( @entity5482 , first pair; test 2 and 3, second pair). Follow-up examination at 6 months was available in 20 @entity1020 @entity1 in group 1, who performed two microperimetry examinations. In group 2, 71 @entity1020 @entity1 performed a short practice examination, then two microperimetry examinations of the right eye ( @entity5482 , first pair) and two of the left eye (test 3 and 4, second pair). RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in average @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) between the first pair of examination in both groups (P < 0.001), but not in the subsequent pair (P >=  0.774). This improvement was not observed at the follow-up visit in the subset of @entity1020 @entity1 in group 1 (P = 0.433). The @entity1166 coefficient of repeatability (CoR) for the second pair of examinations was    4.12 dB and    4.37 dB for @entity1020 @entity1 for group 1 and 2 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in sensitivity between the first and second test, but not in the subsequent tests, was found for @entity1 who had not performed microperimetry previously. Intrasession test-retest variability can therefore be minimized by discarding the first examination to avoid the influence of a learning effect.

title: Intrasession test-retest variability of microperimetry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['point-wise sensitivity', 'PWS']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: Immediately after a cuff-sheathing of @entity95 carotid artery, a large number of leukocytes adhered to injured endothelium then infiltrated into the media. These inflammatory responses were followed by an @entity731 change, intimal thickening, of the artery. A simultaneous injection of @entity619 (10 mg/kg i.m.) inhibited the leukocyte accumulation by 74% when evaluated 18 h thereafter. Similarly, 39% inhibition was obtained with the same dose of @entity45949 , a potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. On the other hand, the same dose of @entity3352 , a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, had little effect on the leukocyte accumulation. The intimal thickening which was evaluated 3 weeks after the cuff-treatment was attenuated by a daily dose (10 mg/kg i.m.) of @entity619 or @entity45949 but not by one of @entity3352 . The inhibition by the two former drugs were 91 and 58%, respectively. In vitro, the three drugs in concentrations up to 10 microM hardly affected endothelial adhesion of PMN which was induced by @entity558 or IL-1. Though 10 microM of @entity45949 and @entity3352 significantly decreased PMN @entity6722 induced by LTB4, the decreases were less than that at 10 microM @entity619 . These results confirm a possible linkage between @entity32 and @entity731 , and suggest that 5-lipoxygenase products contribute to the initiation and development of @entity731 .

title: Role of inflammatory responses in initiation of XXXX : effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on cuff-induced leukocyte accumulation and intimal thickening of @entity95 carotid artery.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: In spite of being one of the most investigated subjects among supportive care in @entity5 , no therapy has been found effective in treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity3136 . Based on the observations that @entity5157 products have anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects, the present study tried to evaluate the effect of topical application of honey and a mixture of honey, olive oil-propolis extract, and beeswax (HOPE) in treatment of @entity3136 . This was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 90 @entity1 with @entity981 and @entity3136 and 3. The mean age of enrolled @entity1 was 6.9 years. The @entity1 were assigned into 3 equal treatment groups: Honey, HOPE, and control groups. Topical treatment for each @entity1 consists of honey, HOPE, and @entity12022 gel for honey, HOPE, and control groups, respectively. Recovery time in grade 2 @entity33 was significantly reduced in the honey group as compared with either HOPE or controls (P < .05). In grade 3 @entity33 , recovery time did not differ significantly between honey and HOPE (P = 0.61) but compared with controls, healing was faster with either honey or HOPE (P < .01). Generally, in both grades of @entity33 , honey produced @entity446 than either HOPE or controls (P < .05). Based on our results that showed that honey produced @entity446 in @entity1 with grade 2/3 chemotherapy-induced @entity33 , we recommend using honey and possibly other @entity5157 products and olive oil in future therapeutic trials targeting chemotherapy-induced @entity33 .

title: Honey and a mixture of honey, beeswax, and olive oil-propolis extract in treatment of chemotherapy-induced XXXX : a randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'oral mucositis grades 2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity12022 :: ('MESH:D001566', 'Chemical') :: ['benzocaine']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['faster healing']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['oral mucositis']


abstract: 1. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential value of isoenzyme release patterns as parameters of @entity130 in improving the diagnostic protocol for @entity64 . 2. @entity35 were exposed to combinations of exercise and hyperthermic stress. Following exposure, respective release patterns of isoenzymes were determined. 3. Isoenzyme release patterns following @entity130 portray both the type and extent of @entity3145 more clearly than do plasma total enzyme release patterns. 4. The sensitivity of isoenzymes as a diagnostic criterion is extended to include both a temporal component (i.e. an accurate diagnosis will be possible at an earlier stage subsequent to hyperthermic exposure) and at the same time to be indicative of the exposure.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic criteria for XXXX with special reference to plasma enzyme and isoenzyme release patterns.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermic injury']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['heat stroke']


abstract: Limited studies indicate a possible association of 5'-UTR @entity1382 enhancer region polymorphism and treatment outcome in @entity1 medicated with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). The study was designed to verify the relationship in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ), a Polish population that received @entity1487 -based adjuvant chemotherapy. The study analyzed 145 Astler-Coller B2 and C @entity14 @entity1 . Genotyping for a variable number of tandem repeats and G to C single-nucleotide polymorphism in the 5'-UTR of the @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) gene was carried out. @entity1382 genotypes were classified into high expression (high @entity1382 ) and low expression types (low @entity1382 ). High @entity1382 was found in 22.8% of @entity1 . The @entity5 were more frequently associated with high @entity1382 than the @entity5 (p=0.024). High @entity1382 was only found in 9.3% of @entity5 , but in 29.7% of @entity694 (p=0.0042). Disease-free survival after 20 months (DFS 20) was longer in subjects with low @entity1382 than in high @entity1382 (p=0.043). @entity1 who underwent chemotherapy had longer DFS 20 in the low @entity1382 than in the high @entity1382 subgroup (p=0.051). The low @entity1382 was found to be an independent good prognostic factor for DFS 20 in the whole group as well as in the subgroup treated with chemotherapy (p=0.024 and p=0.034, respectively). @entity1 with low @entity1382 did not show any differences in DFS 20 whether they were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy or not. @entity14 are characterized by higher @entity1382 expression genotypes than @entity5 , and are at significantly greater risk of early recurrence during the first 20 months after surgery.

title: Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and survival of @entity14 XXXX receiving adjuvant @entity1487 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['thymidylate synthase', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumors', 'right-side tumors', 'distal tumors', 'left-side tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer', 'Proximal CRC tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The histopathology of 23 radical prostatectomies from @entity1 with @entity263 pretreated for 3-6 months with combination therapy including a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist and the antiandrogen drug @entity12194 was reviewed and compared with the pretreatment biopsies or transurethral resection material. After combination therapy, benign prostatic glands showed marked @entity194 with prominent basal-cell layers, @entity1491 , and epithelial-cell vacuolization. Immature squamous-cell metaplasia was present in seven cases. @entity189 , on the other hand, was found in 19 of the 23 cases, and in 8 of these, @entity5 cells were either vacuolated or had scanty cytoplasm. @entity41 was present as only one focus in 13 cases, and in 3 of these it was composed of single cells with a " @entity2698 -like" pattern. An immunohistochemical study for prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic-specific antigen could be carried out on paraffin blocks from 19 biopsies and 18 prostatectomies. After combination therapy, a reduction in staining (intensity and number of positive cells) was observed for the two markers in both normal prostate and @entity189 but with more pronounced effects on the latter. The present data show that temporary combination therapy before radical prostatectomy causes marked and very characteristic changes in normal prostatic tissue as well as in the @entity263 . These histologic patterns enter the differential diagnosis of a variety of @entity3202 , metaplastic, and proliferative lesions of the prostate gland. The pathologist must be aware of these histologic changes when looking at biopsy or resection material of treated @entity1 .

title: Effect of combination endocrine therapy (LHRH agonist and @entity12194 ) on normal prostate and XXXX . A histopathologic and immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic tumor', 'prostatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'Residual carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal-cell hyperplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 / @entity484 ( @entity195 /E) is a common disease. Few studies have attempted to quantify the cost to third-party payers. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to identify the annual cost of medical services and prescription drugs for the treatment of @entity195 /E to private insurance and Medicaid payers in the United States. METHODS: We used a retrospective study design employing claims data from 1997 and 1998 from a private insurer and a state Medicaid program to analyze costs incurred. Beneficiaries were considered to have @entity195 /E if they had at least one claim in 1997 with a primary or secondary listing of 1 of 3 diagnosis codes: 691.8, other @entity483 ; 692.9, contact @entity1909 when no cause is specified; or 373.3, noninfectious @entity272 . @entity1 who did not meet the diagnosis criteria served as a control group in each payer for comparisons of expenditures with the @entity195 /E group. RESULTS: Disease prevalence was 2.4% (private insurer) to 2.6% (Medicaid) of all eligible beneficiaries, and 3.5% to 4.1% of @entity1 submitted at least one health care claim during the study period. Medicaid-insured @entity1 used outpatient hospital visits and hospitalizations at a greater rate than did privately insured @entity1 ; neither used emergency departments extensively. The third-party payer cost of illness for @entity195 /E ranged from  0.9 billion to  3.8 billion when projected across the total number of @entity1 younger than 65 years insured by private insurers and Medicaid in the United States. More than one fourth of all health care costs for @entity1 with @entity195 /E may be attributed to @entity195 /E and co-morbid conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Annual costs of @entity195 /E are similar to those of other diseases such as @entity2415 , @entity1569 , and @entity302 . @entity1 incur significant costs associated with @entity195 /E and co-morbid conditions.

title: Cost of @entity483 and XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis and related conditions', 'Atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatoses of eyelid']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis and other eczema']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['eczema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in @entity101 (LIFE) study, reduced urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio (UACR) as well as regression of left @entity123 have been associated with lower incidence of @entity65 . We wanted to investigate whether these prognostic improvements were independent. METHODS: In 6679 @entity101 @entity1 included in the LIFE study, we measured UACR, left @entity123 by electrocardiography, serum @entity165 , plasma @entity413 and blood pressure after 2 weeks of placebo treatment and again after 1 year of anti- @entity101 treatment with either an @entity2165 - or a @entity9886 -based regimen. During this first year of treatment, 77 @entity1 encountered a non-fatal @entity64 or @entity583 and were excluded to avoid bias. During the next 3-4 years, 610 composite endpoints [ @entity65 (n = 228), fatal or non-fatal @entity583 or @entity64 ] were recorded. RESULTS: In Cox regression analyses, the composite endpoint was after adjustment for treatment allocation predicted by baseline logUACR [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16 per 10-fold increase, P < 0.05], 1-year logUACR (HR = 1.29 per 10-fold increase), baseline Sokolow-Lyon voltage (HR = 1.01 per mm, both P < 0.001) and 1-year Cornell product (HR = 1.01 per 100 mm x ms, P < 0.01). @entity65 was predicted by 1-year logUACR (HR = 1.59, P < 0.001), baseline Sokolow-Lyon voltage (HR = 1.01, P = 0.06) and 1-year Cornell product (HR = 1.02, P < 0.001). Both were predicted independent of age, Framingham risk score, current smoking, history of @entity65 and @entity6 . Gender, serum @entity165 , plasma @entity413 and blood pressure did not enter the models. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline UACR and Sokolow-Lyon voltage, as well as in-treatment UACR and Cornell product, added to the risk prediction independent of traditional risk factors, indicating that @entity633 and left @entity123 reflect different aspects of @entity65 and are modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Reductions in XXXX and in electrocardiographic left @entity123 independently improve prognosis in @entity101 : the LIFE study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular damage', 'cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular disease', 'Cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: Does education improve psychological well-being more for one sex than for the other? Resource substitution theory hypothesizes that education improves well-being more for @entity1 , because socioeconomic disadvantage makes them depend more on education to achieve well-being. Resource multiplication implies the opposite, that education improves well-being more for @entity1 , because they get bigger labor market payoffs from it such as authority and earnings. Data from a 1995 survey of US adults with follow-ups in 1998 and 2001 support the resource substitution hypothesis. @entity308 decreases more steeply for @entity1 than for @entity1 as the level of education increases. The gender gap in @entity308 essentially disappears among @entity1 with a college degree or higher. Two mediating interactions appear to account for the convergence. Education increases work creativity more sharply for @entity1 than for @entity1 , thereby reducing @entity308 . Education increases the sense of control for both sexes equally, but @entity308 declines more steeply for @entity1 as sense of control increases. Growth curve analyses of @entity308 vectors confirm the resource substitution pattern. The adulthood life course pattern of @entity308 levels and changes depends more strongly on education for @entity1 than for @entity1 .

title: Sex differences in the effect of education on XXXX : resource multiplication or resource substitution?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6477 ( @entity6477 ) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Whether the volume effect of the @entity1410 and increase of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) or the local effect of blood are responsible for this severe pathophysiology is unclear. Therefore, we compared subdural infusion of autologous blood and paraffin oil in a @entity35 model of @entity6477 . In a histological study, we investigated the effects on acute @entity428 , cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), tissue @entity26 changes, and @entity75 at 2, 24, and 96   h post-infusion. Inflammatory reaction was analyzed by immuno-staining for microglia (ionized @entity460 binding adaptor molecule 1 [ @entity16339 ]) and activated astrocytes ( @entity40 [ @entity40 ]). Besides acute @entity428 and CBF changes, we investigated the development of behavior (neuroscore and beamwalk test) for up to 4 days after injury in a behavioral study. Despite comparably increased @entity428 , there was a more pronounced lesion growth in the blood infusion group during the first 96   h. Further, there was an increased peri-lesional immunoreactive area of @entity16339 and @entity40 96   h post-infusion, primarily in the blood infusion group, whereas @entity131 was comparable in both infusion groups. In the behavioral evaluation, @entity982 -infused animals showed a better recovery, compared with the blood infusion group. In conclusion, comparable acute time-course of @entity428 , CPP, and CBF clearly indicates that the differences in lesion size, inflammatory reaction, and @entity146 after blood- and paraffin oil-induced @entity6477 are partially due to blood constituents. Therefore, current data suggest that @entity3439 should be completely removed as quickly as possible; decompression alone may not be sufficient to prevent secondary @entity75 .

title: Blood Aggravates Histological and Functional Damage after Acute Subdural XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal damage']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['ASDH', 'Acute subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['Hematoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the biodegradation characteristics of seeding type immobilized microorganism on @entity15523 ( @entity11559 ). METHODS: The immobilized microorganism was made to adsorb @entity11559 degradation dominant bacteria by using modified @entity48860 as carrier, then it degraded @entity11559 under different primary concentration, vibration rate, pH, temperature and at the presence of metal compounds. The degradation kinetics was analyzed. RESULTS: When @entity11559 primary concentration was 100-500 mg/L, the adsorptive immobilized microorganism could maintain relatively high activity and the @entity11559 degraded rate was above 80% in 24h. Dissociative and immobilized microorganism could get higher degradation activity in vibration than in stillness. When pH was 6.0 - 9.0, the degradation rate of immobilized microorganism on @entity11559 was above 82% in 24h and its activity is higher than dissociative microorganism. In the range of 20 degrees C to 40 degrees C, the @entity11559 degraded rate by immobilized microorganism could reach 84.5% in 24h. If mental compounds existed in the @entity11559 water sample, the degradation activities of dissociative and immobilized microorganism were inhibited obviously. The form of @entity11559 degradation kinetics could be described as the first-order model. CONCLUSION: The immobilized microorganisms using @entity48860 as carrier could degrade @entity11559 effectively. The adsorptive immobilized microorganism was more adapted to @entity11559 load, temperature and pH than dissociative microorganism. The mental compounds could inhibited their activities. The degradation reaction of adsorptive immobilized microorganisms on @entity11559 was according with the first-order model.

title: [Biodegradation of XXXX by @entity48860 adsorptive immobilized microorganism].

entities_list: @entity48860 :: ('MESH:C033787', 'Chemical') :: ['diatomite']

entities_list: @entity15523 :: ('MESH:D003993', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyl phthalate']

answer: @entity15523 :: (MESH:D003993,Chemical) :: ['dibutyl phthalate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand the predictive value of early monitoring @entity1861 transcripts in @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) after treatment with @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI), and to provides the information for early assessment of prognosis and treatment options. METHODS: @entity1861 transcripts of 53 @entity1860 @entity1 before and after TKI treatment were detected by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The relationship between @entity1861 transcripts level after TKI treatment for 3 months and the later molecular response, progression and mutation was analyzed. RESULTS: The median values of @entity1861 transcripts in peripheral blood samples from 30 newly diagnosed @entity1 were 43.99%, which was used as a baseline of @entity1861 transcripts for molecular response evaluation. Of 53 @entity1 , 31 (58.49%) had a @entity1861 mRNA  <= 4.40% (reduced more than 1 log) and 22 (41.51%) greater than 4.40% (reduced to less than 1 log) after 3 months of TKI treatment. The former 31 @entity1 had a significantly higher 18-months cumulative incidence of major molecular response (MMR) (90.32% vs 18.18%, P=0.000) and 3-year cumulative incidence of complete molecular response (CMR) (48.39% vs 0, P=0.000) compared with the latter 22 @entity1 . The lower @entity1861 level was, the earlier MMR reached. The proportion of @entity1 with a mutation in group of @entity1861 mRNA>4.40% was significantly higher than that of @entity1861 mRNA  <= 4.40% (22.73% vs 0, P=0.021). The incidence of progression increased in group of @entity1861 mRNA>4.40%, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.052). CONCLUSION: It is important for the prognosis evaluation of the @entity1 to monitor the level of @entity1861 transcripts at 3 months after TKI treatment, which might help to early optimization of treatment and to improve curative effect of @entity1860 @entity1 .

title: [Predictive value of molecular response after treatment with @entity669 kinase inhibitor for 3 months in XXXX with @entity1860 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Autoaggregation in @entity880 bacteria is directly related to the production of certain extracellular proteins, notably, aggregation-promoting factors (APFs). Production of aggregation-promoting factors confers beneficial traits to probiotic-producing strains, contributing to their fitness for the intestinal environment. Furthermore, coaggregation with pathogens has been proposed to be a beneficial mechanism in probiotic @entity880 bacteria. This mechanism would limit attachment of the pathogen to the gut mucosa, favoring its removal by the @entity1 immune system. In the present paper, we have characterized a novel aggregation-promoting factor in @entity1336 . A mutant with a knockout of the D1 gene showed loss of its autoaggregative phenotype and a decreased ability to bind to mucin, indicating an adhesion role of this protein. In addition, heterologous production of the D1 protein or an internal fragment of the protein, characterized by its abundance in @entity563 / @entity1889 , strongly induced autoaggregation in @entity7878 . This result strongly suggested that this internal fragment is responsible for the bioactivity of D1 as an APF. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a gene coding for an aggregation-promoting factor in Lb. plantarum.

title: An extracellular @entity563 / @entity1889 -rich protein from XXXX NCIMB 8826 is a novel aggregation-promoting factor with affinity to mucin.

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity1336 :: (1590,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum']