abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess apelin-novel endogenous ligand for the angiotensin-like 1 receptor in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and to compare its value with @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ). METHODS: In 78 consecutive @entity1 with first @entity583 treated with primary PCI, plasma @entity3876 (MEIA) concentrations were measured twice: on admission and on the fifth day of hospitalization. Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed on admission and @entity13875 ( @entity13875 )-after 1 year follow-up. RESULTS: During the 5-day interval median plasma @entity3876 level significantly increased and median plasma apelin concentration significantly decreased. @entity3876 , but not apelin, correlated with low LVEF (<50%). In ROC analysis only @entity3876 measurements were diagnostic for low LVEF. In ANOVA test, in @entity1 with @entity13875 , a significant decrease in apelin (but not @entity3876 ) concentrations measured in 5-day interval was found. ROC analysis identified only second @entity3876 measurement as significant to estimate adverse outcome 0.627 in the prediction of @entity13875 (95% confidence interval=0.507-0.736). CONCLUSION: Following @entity583 there is a decrease of plasma apelin-36 concentration and an increase of plasma @entity3876 concentration. @entity3876 is better, than apelin diagnostic value for the detection of impaired LVEF. Both @entity3876 and apelin have prognostic value, although both needs further evaluation.

title: The value of apelin-36 and brain natriuretic peptide measurements in XXXX with first @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['apelin-36 (RIA) and BNP', 'BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['CEP', 'composite endpoint']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: One hundred thirty-four @entity1 (123 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ) were operated on for chronic @entity788 (69 pancreaticojejunostomies, 20 cytopancreaticojejunostomies, 22 left pancreatectomies, and 23 Whipple operations). Half of these @entity1 were followed up for 5 years or more. Four @entity1 died from @entity788 . The operative mortality rate was 4.2 percent after @entity254 , 13.5 percent after pancreatectomy, and 8.7 percent after a Whipple operation. Relief of @entity158 was the main aim of operation. The rate of good results after pancreaticojejunostomy (85 percent) was higher than after resection (71 percent after right pancreatectomy or Whipple operation and 66.6 percent after left pancreatectomy). The mortality rate after 5 years 26 percent after @entity254 , 30 percent after Whipple operation, and 45 percent after left pancreatectomy. @entity988 did not appear to influence the operative result but improved the quality of life of the @entity1 . @entity260 are more common and more serious after resection than after @entity254 . If dilated, the common bile duct must be drained as well as the pancreatic duct after @entity254 . Whenever the pancreatic duct is dilated more than 8 mm it must be drained rather than resected.

title: Surgical treatment of chronic XXXX . Report of 134 cases treated by resection or drainage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the pancreas', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic intake']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Prevention of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in medical @entity1 is controversial. In contrast to surgical @entity1 , the evidence supporting the use of heparin-based treatment for prevention of @entity1211 (HVTEp) may not justify current guidelines. This study aims to determine whether current clinical guidelines for HVTEp are appropriate for medical @entity1 . We searched medical databases for original randomised placebo-controlled studies of HVTEp in medical @entity1 , excluding those with @entity64 and in intensive care. From 401 potentially relevant studies, we selected eight, which included over 16   000 @entity1 . HVTEp decreased the incidence of all @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ): 4.3% in the placebo group versus 2.3% in the treatment group, P = 0.002, number needed to treat, 50. However, this treatment effect was not seen for symptomatic @entity1150 : 1.2% versus 0.9%, P = 0.18, odds ratio (OR) 0.72 (0.45-1.16). Similarly, HVTEp did not decrease the incidence of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ): 0.54% versus 0.27%, P = 0.3, OR 0.57 (0.21-1.53), or fatal @entity1151 : 0.1% versus 0.0%, P = 0.3, OR 0.2 (0.01-4.11). Furthermore, HVTEp did not decrease total mortality: 5.63% versus 5.39%, P = 0.92, OR 0.96 (0.78-1.18). The use of HVTEp in hospitalised general medical @entity1 does not result in a significant reduction in symptomatic @entity1150 , @entity1151 , fatal @entity1151 or total mortality. The best evidence does not support the recommendations of the current clinical guidelines.

title: Heparin-based treatment to prevent symptomatic XXXX , @entity1151 or death in general medical inpatients is not supported by best evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thromboses', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: Platelets activated during experimental @entity583 ( @entity583 ) contribute to @entity296 . This study aimed to investigate whether platelets from @entity1 with @entity583 increase @entity296 after ischaemia and reperfusion in isolated @entity35 hearts and the modification of this effect by the @entity23492 receptor antagonist cangrelor and the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab. Isolated @entity35 hearts were subjected to 40 minutes of global ischaemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Hearts (four simultaneous experiments per @entity1 ) were infused with platelets from nine @entity583 @entity1 (seven thrombolysed, all on @entity117 ), untreated or incubated with 10 microM cangrelor or 5 microg/ml abciximab. Control experiments were performed using platelets from healthy volunteers and platelet-poor plasma. @entity8729 expression on isolated platelets was higher in @entity583 @entity1 than in controls and was not modified by the treatments. Control platelets or platelet-poor plasma did mild or no harm. In contrast, platelets from @entity583 @entity1 significantly augmented @entity296 , as demonstrated by worse left ventricular (LV) developed pressure, higher maximal LV end-diastolic pressure and coronary resistance, and greater @entity880 dehydrogenase release and @entity1188 size. Both cangrelor and abciximab greatly attenuated these effects. In conclusion, activated platelets from @entity583 @entity1 increase @entity296 after ischaemia and reperfusion, and cangrelor and abciximab attenuate this effect. The results support the notion that very early antiplatelet treatment might reduce @entity1188 size by direct effects on reperfused myocardium in these @entity1 .

title: Antagonism of XXXX or GPIIb/IIIa receptors reduces platelet-mediated @entity296 after ischaemia and reperfusion in isolated @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity23492 :: (64803(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['P2Y12']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether @entity15748 R201C and @entity17973 variants, which show atypical gain-of-function electrophysiologic properties in vitro, have a distinct clinical presentation and outcome. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with heterozygous, de novo @entity15748 R201C or @entity17973 variants were identified worldwide, using an institutional review board (IRB)-approved @entity15748 @entity1 registry and database. We reviewed medical records and, where possible, interviewed parents and treating physicians using a structured, detailed phenotype inventory focusing on the neonatal presentation and subsequent course. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had @entity75 from birth and presented with prominent @entity427 -like @entity2045 , which could be triggered by sound or touch. In seven @entity1 , electroencephalography (EEG) was performed in the neonatal period and showed a burst-suppression pattern. However, @entity2045 did not have an EEG correlate. In many @entity1 the paroxysmal movements were misdiagnosed as @entity410 . Seven @entity1 developed @entity302 in infancy. In all @entity1 , EEG showed a slow background and multifocal @entity302 later in life. Other prominent features included @entity1576 (perinatal @entity1576 and/or @entity102 ), @entity17 , reduced brain volume, and profound @entity245 . One @entity1 had a later onset, and sequencing indicated that a low abundance (~20%) R201C variant had arisen by postzygotic mosaicism. SIGNIFICANCE: Heterozygous @entity15748 R201C and @entity17973 gain-of-function variants present with profound @entity75 in the absence of @entity410 . Neonates present with nonepileptic @entity2045 that is often misdiagnosed and treated as @entity410 . Prognosis is poor. This clinical presentation is distinct from the phenotype associated with loss-of-function variants, supporting the value of in vitro functional screening. These findings suggest that gain-of-function and loss-of-function variants need different targeted therapeutic approaches.

title: Neonatal nonepileptic @entity2045 is a prominent clinical feature of XXXX gain-of-function variants R201C and @entity17973 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['hypomyelination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal encephalopathy', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic spasms', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory dysfunction']

answer: @entity15748 :: (3785,Gene) :: ['KCNQ2']


abstract: A Japanese family in which a father, daughter and son had @entity1371 and hyperreninemia was investigated. Both father and daughter had reduced vascular sensitivity to @entity2178 ; in addition, the daughter had @entity1373 and dwarf glomeruli. These features are consistent with @entity9475 occurring in 2 successive generations in 1 family. The 12-year-old @entity1 had @entity851 in spite of normal growth hormone secretion. No @entity2008 were found. @entity3352 administration to this @entity1 in doses sufficient to reduce urinary @entity3009 excretion resulted in a marked improvement of @entity4683 and @entity2011 , and an increase in serum @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity2865 concentrations. Even though plasma @entity1369 concentrations were reduced to within the normal range, serum @entity972 concentrations remained low, and plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) remained elevated. Thus it is not likely that @entity1371 is induced only by aldosteronism. These results suggest that @entity2918 are the major determinant of @entity4683 , @entity2011 and high plasma @entity1369 levels and contribute to the @entity1371 observed in this @entity1 . However, the failure of complete correction of the @entity1371 and the persistence of the raised PRA with a significant reduction of the @entity2918 suggest the possibility that additional factors are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity9475 .

title: XXXX and the effect of @entity3352 in one family member.

entities_list: @entity9475 :: ('MESH:D001477', 'Disease') :: ["Bartter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity9475 :: (MESH:D001477,Disease) :: ['Familial Bartter's syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is a life changing event that, as a result of @entity912 , negatively influences habitual levels of physical activity and hence @entity283 . Performing regular structured exercise therefore appears extremely important in @entity1 with @entity1566 . However, exercise options are mainly limited to the upper-body, which involves a smaller activated muscle mass compared to the mainly leg-based activities commonly performed by non-disabled individuals. Current exercise guidelines for @entity1566 focus predominantly on relative short durations of moderate-intensity aerobic arm cranking exercise, yet contemporary evidence suggests this is not sufficient to induce meaningful improvements in risk factors for the prevention of @entity66 in this population. As such, these guidelines and their physiological basis, require reappraisal. In this special communication, we propose that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may be a viable alternative exercise strategy, to promote vigorous-intensity exercise and prevent @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity1566 . Supplementing the limited data from @entity1566 cohorts with consistent findings from studies in non-disabled populations, we present strong evidence to suggest that HIIT is superior to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for improving @entity410 , insulin sensitivity and vascular function. The potential application and safety of HIIT in this population is also discussed. We conclude that increasing exercise intensity could offer a simple, readily available, time-efficient solution to improve @entity283 in @entity1 with @entity1566 . We call for high-quality randomised controlled trials to examine the efficacy and safety of HIIT in this population.

title: Exercise guidelines to promote @entity283 in spinal cord injured XXXX : time to raise the intensity?

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic health']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The benefit of adjuvant external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in combination with intravaginal brachytherapy (BT) in stage I and II @entity1204 remains controversial. We evaluated the effect of adjuvant EBRT and combined EBRT + BT on overall survival and relative survival within a large US population database. METHODS: We performed an analysis of retrospective data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the US National @entity5 Institute from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2005. A total of 3395 @entity1 with stages IB, IC, and II node-negative @entity1204 comprised the population. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and relative survival (RS) curves were constructed via the Kaplan-Meier method and subgroups were compared via stratified log-rank test within T stage/grade combinations. Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed to evaluate the effect of multiple variables. RESULTS: EBRT alone was used in 2128 @entity1 (62.7%) and 1267 @entity1 (37.3%) received a combination of EBRT + BT. Higher grade, black race, older age at diagnosis, and later year of diagnosis are associated with worse overall survival, while lymphadenectomy is associated statistically with improved survival. The addition of BT revealed no statistically significant effect on @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based study revealed no improvement in @entity1349 or RS with the addition of BT to EBRT in high risk stage I and @entity1204 . Although specific @entity1 cohorts may benefit from combined EBRT and BT, additional analysis is warranted to further elucidate optimal treatment strategies for adjuvant radiotherapy based on specific clinical and pathologic features.

title: Does brachytherapy improve survival in addition to external beam radiation therapy in @entity1 with high risk stage I and II XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['stage II endometrial cancer', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of a turnbuckle orthosis as a means of improving the range of motion in @entity1 with @entity14228 . METHODS: 17 males and 11 females aged 8 to 68 (mean, 32) years underwent static progressive stretching using a turnbuckle orthosis for @entity14228 secondary to @entity130 or surgery. @entity1 were instructed to wear the orthosis during the daytime for a mean of 15 hours and remove it during sleep as well as at breakfast, lunch, and dinner. One hour of range-of-motion exercise was performed during each break. @entity1 were followed up every month and the range of motion was recorded with a standard goniometer. The use of orthosis was discontinued when there was no further improvement. Range-of-motion exercise was encouraged thereafter to maintain the results. The extent of flexion @entity1159 and range of motion before and after the treatment were compared. RESULTS: The mean duration of orthosis use was 5 (range, 3-8) months. The mean flexion @entity1159 reduced from 59 degrees to 27 degrees and the range of motion improved from 57 degrees to 102 degrees. 19 of the @entity1 achieved a functional range of motion. Improvement in the range of motion was excellent in 6 @entity1 , good in 11, satisfactory in 7; at the end of follow-up (mean, 29 months), the results were maintained or improved further in 20 @entity1 (even in those with long-standing contractures). CONCLUSION: Static progressive stretching using a turnbuckle orthosis is reliable and cost-effective for treating @entity14228 .

title: Static progressive stretching using a turnbuckle orthosis for XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow stiffness']

answer: @entity14228 :: (MESH:C535618,Disease) :: ['elbow stiffness']


abstract: The preliminary results of a feasibility study of a randomized trial for the early detection of @entity263 are reported. 4,229 healthy @entity1 aged 60-75 years were invited to undergo digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS); 1,284 of them responded and were thus examined. Subjects with suspicious findings at DRE and/or TRUS underwent transperineal US-guided biopsy and @entity1486 (PSA) determination. Subjects with equivocal findings were controlled after 6 months with DRE, TRUS and PSA. The screening program was rather simple (examination time < 10') and cost was limited (cost x subject = US  25). So far, 27 biopsies (2.1%) have been performed. @entity5 have been detected (1.41%), the prevalence/expected incidence ratio being 10.6:1. Stage at diagnosis was B1 in 12, B2 in 3, C in 2 and D in one case, respectively. @entity5 had been suspected at DRE in 12, at TRUS in 17 and at PSA (cutoff = 4 micrograms/ml) in 15 of 18 cases, respectively. This study provides evidence that screening for @entity263 is feasible at a moderate cost and diagnostic anticipation is relevant. A prospective randomized trial is needed to assess whether early detection has any impact at all on mortality. When designing such a study, the effect of compliance, which was low in our experience, on the statistical power should be carefully evaluated. The possibility of pre-screening with PSA, which is much more accepted and might improve attendance rates, should also be evaluated by specific studies.

title: [Clinico-echographic screening in the early diagnosis of XXXX . Preliminary results of a feasibility study of a randomized trial].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Eighteen cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Quantitative assessment of gene expression in stem cells is essential for understanding the molecular events underlying normal and malignant @entity1210 . The aim of the present study was to develop a method for precise quantitation of gene expression in small subsets of highly purified @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) stem cell populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantitate housekeeping and drug resistance gene expression in cDNA obtained from 300 @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) cells without cDNA amplification or nested PCR techniques. RESULTS: Validation experiments in cell lines showed efficient, representative and reproducible gene amplification using 300-cell real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Sensitivity was confirmed in dilutional experiments and by detection of the low-copy gene @entity6049 . @entity7501 was found to be a useful reference gene in normal and leukemic @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) cells. In contrast, 18S rRNA content varied 100-fold to 1000-fold in these populations. Moreover, expression of 18S rRNA was significantly lower in leukemic @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) cells compared to normal @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) cells (p = 0.002). Expression of @entity1262 (18-fold, p < 0.0005), @entity11092 (3.8-fold, p < 0.05), and LRP (1.8-fold, NS) was higher in normal @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) compared to @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) cells. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time quantitative RT-PCR is a valuable tool for precise quantitation of gene expression in small subsets of @entity1583 cells. Using this method, we showed the inappropriateness of 18S as a reference gene in these progenitors and the down-regulation of drug-resistance-related genes early in @entity1210 .

title: Quantitative assessment of gene expression in highly purified XXXX cells using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic']


abstract: Abiotic stresses cause serious crop losses. Knowledge on genes functioning in plant responses to adverse growth conditions is essential for developing stress tolerant crops. Here we report that transgenic expression of @entity22711 , encoding a R2R3 MYB transcription factor in @entity958 , conferred @entity56 to exogenous @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) and improved tolerance to drought and salt stresses. The promoter of @entity22711 was active in not only vegetative and reproductive organs but also the guard cells of stomata. Its transcript level was substantially upregulated by @entity2272 , drought or salt treatments. Compared with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) control, @entity22711 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to @entity2272 in germination assays, more susceptible to @entity2272 -elicited inhibition of root elongation, and more sensitive to @entity2272 -induced stomatal closure. In line with the above findings, the transcript levels of @entity2272 biosynthesis ( @entity22712 , @entity22713 ), signaling ( @entity13125 ), and responsive genes ( @entity15063 , @entity22714 , @entity22715 , @entity22716 ) were generally higher in @entity22711 overexpression seedlings than in @entity164 controls after treatment with @entity2272 . @entity22711 overexpression lines displayed improved survival and reduced water loss rates than @entity164 control under water deficiency conditions. These overexpression lines also displayed higher tolerance to @entity1219 stress. Collectively, our data suggest that overexpression of @entity22711 improves drought and salt tolerance in @entity958 possibly by enhancing the expression levels of the genes involved in @entity2272 biosynthesis and signaling, and those encoding the stress-protective proteins.

title: Transgenic expression of @entity22711 confers enhanced sensitivity to @entity2271 and improved drought tolerance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is characterized by the destruction of the insulin-producing b-cells of pancreatic islets. Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to @entity1723 development. @entity1800 with enteroviruses is a suspected trigger for @entity1723 , but a causal role remains unproven and controversial. Studies in animals are problematic because of species-specific differences in host cell susceptibility and immune responses to candidate viral pathogens such as coxsackievirus B (CVB). In order to resolve the controversial role of viruses in @entity1 @entity1723 , we developed a @entity1800 model in immunodeficient @entity19 bearing @entity1 islet grafts. @entity4854 was induced in @entity19 by specific ablation of native b-cells. @entity1 islets, which are naturally susceptible to @entity8041 , were transplanted to restore normoglycemia. Transplanted @entity19 were infected with CVB4 and monitored for @entity4854 . Forty-seven percent of CVB4-infected @entity19 developed @entity4854 . @entity1 islet grafts from infected @entity19 contained viral RNA, expressed viral protein, and had reduced insulin levels compared with grafts from uninfected @entity19 . @entity1 -specific gene expression profiles in grafts from infected @entity19 revealed the induction of multiple interferon-stimulated genes. Thus, @entity1 islets can become severely dysfunctional with diminished insulin production after @entity8041 of b-cells, resulting in @entity6 .

title: @entity1800 of engrafted XXXX islets leads to @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes', 'T1D']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infection', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity8041 :: ('MESH:D003384', 'Disease') :: ['CVB infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Laboratory and epidemiological studies suggest that the antioxidants, @entity270 and @entity2066 , protect against @entity301 . In a European multicentre case-control study @entity1881 and @entity2066 concentrations were measured in adipose-tissue samples collected in 1991-92 from 683 @entity1 with @entity583 and 727 controls. Mean adipose-tissue @entity2066 concentration was 0.35 microgram/g in cases and 0.42 in controls, with age-adjusted and centre-adjusted mean difference 0.07 microgram/g (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.10). Mean @entity1881 concentrations were 193 micrograms/g and 192 micrograms/g for cases and controls, respectively. The age-adjusted and centre-adjusted odds ratio for risk of @entity583 in the lowest quintile of @entity2066 as compared with the highest was 2.62 (95% CI 1.79-3.83). Additional control for body-mass index and smoking reduced the odds ratio to 1.78 (95% CI 1.17-2.71); other established risk factors did not substantially alter this ratio. The increased risk was mainly confined to current smokers: the multivariate odds ratio in the lowest @entity2066 quintile in smokers was 2.39 (95% CI 1.35-4.25), whereas it was 1.07 for @entity1 who had never smoked. A low @entity1881 concentration was not associated with risk of @entity583 . Our results support the hypothesis that high @entity2066 concentrations within the normal range reduce the risk of a first @entity583 . The findings for @entity1881 are compatible with previous observations of reduced risk among @entity270 supplement users only. The consumption of @entity2066 -rich foods such as @entity10786 and green-leaf vegetables may reduce the risk of @entity583 .

title: Antioxidants in adipose tissue and risk of XXXX : the EURAMIC Study.

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3064 is an emerging nosocomial pathogen worldwide with increasing prevalence of multi-drug and pan-drug resistance. A. baumannii exists widely in natural environment, especially in health care settings, and has been shown difficult to be eradicated. Bacteriophages are often considered alternative agent for controlling bacterial @entity281 and contamination. In this study, we described the isolation and characterization of one virulent bacteriophage AB1 capable of specifically infecting A. baumannii. RESULTS: A virulent bacteriophage AB1, specific for infecting a clinical strain A. baumannii KD311, was first isolated from marine sediment sample. Restriction analysis indicated that phage AB1 was a dsDNA virus with an approximate genome size of 45.2 kb to 46.9 kb. Transmission electron microscopy showed that phage AB1 had an icosahedral head with a non-contractile tail and collar or whisker structures, and might be tentatively classified as a member of the Siphoviridae family. Proteomic pattern of phage AB1, generated by @entity214 -PAGE using purified phage particles, revealed five major bands and six minor bands with molecular weight ranging from 14 to 80 kilo-dalton. Also determined was the adsorption rate of phage AB1 to the host bacterium, which was significantly enhanced by addition of 10 mM @entity3282 . In a single step growth test, phage AB1 was shown having a latent period of 18 minutes and a burst size of 409. Moreover, pH and thermal stability of phage AB1 were also investigated. At the optimal pH 6.0, 73.2% of phages survived after 60 min incubation at 50 degrees C. When phage AB1 was used to infect four additional clinical isolates of A. baumannii, one clinical isolate of @entity14346 , and @entity796 lab strains PAK and PAO1, none of the tested strains was found susceptible, indicating a relatively narrow host range for phage AB1. CONCLUSION: Phage AB1 was capable of eliciting efficient lysis of A. baumannii, revealing its potential as a non-toxic sanitizer for controlling A. baumannii @entity281 and contamination in both hospital and other public environments.

title: Isolation and characterization of a virulent bacteriophage AB1 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity14346 :: ('40324', 'Species') :: ['Stenotrophomonas maltophilia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Rasch analysis of an outcome tool using data from questionnaires completed by @entity1 with @entity2649 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swiss Spinal Stenosis questionnaire using the Rasch measurement model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) is a common cause of @entity1643 and leg symptoms in older @entity1 . The SSS questionnaire was devised as a condition-specific outcome measure for @entity1 with @entity2649 . It comprises two subscales; one to measure symptom severity and another to measure physical functioning. The SSS is commonly used in trials for @entity1 with @entity2649 but has not, to our knowledge, been subjected to rigorous modern psychometric analysis methods. METHODS: Data from a total of 190 SSS assessments in 98 @entity1 with @entity2649 were fitted to the Rasch measurement model. This method was used to examine the validity of the item scoring functions, the presence of item bias or differential item functioning and the fit of data to model expectations. In addition, the analysis was used to assess whether or not the item set in each scale formed a unidimensional scale to provide a valid summed score. RESULTS: The symptom severity scale and the physical function scale of the SSS were found to be reliable and well targeted to the study population. However, the symptom severity scale was found to be multidimensional; three items focused on @entity158 and four items on @entity1109 . The physical function scale performed well as a unidimensional scale, but needed to be modified by excluding one item in order for it to fit the Rasch model. CONCLUSION: Development of a more robust measurement tool for this @entity1 group may be warranted. A new tool may need to include three scales to measure the separate domains of @entity158 severity, neuroischemic symptom severity, and physical function.

title: Internal construct validity of the Swiss Spinal Stenosis questionnaire: Rasch analysis of a disease-specific outcome measure for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'Lumbar spinal stenosis', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuroischemic symptoms']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: @entity11448 is a term that describes @entity1373 of all pancreatic cell components and is characterized primarily by their disorganization and proliferation throughout the entire pancreas. This condition is the most common cause of persistent @entity4053 . Since it is so exceedingly rare in adults no consensus regarding its surgical management is available. Our @entity1 underwent celiotomy with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity9608 . No @entity652 was found and frozen sections suggested @entity1373 . Even when Whipple's triad is met and all biochemical and roentgenographic analyses suggest @entity9608 , another etiology may be the cause. Intraoperative ultrasonography may aid in the diagnosis especially after a negative exploration. The diagnosis of @entity11448 can be confirmed by frozen section especially if @entity11449 is present. The degree of resection required is problematic because no large series exists. This case is presented with special emphasis given to etiology, pathology, preoperative work-up, and operative strategy.

title: XXXX in an adult: an illustrative case and collective review.

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['nesidioblastosis', 'Nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity11449 :: ('MESH:D018255', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatosis']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity11448 :: (MESH:D046768,Disease) :: ['Nesidioblastosis']


abstract: The relative effectiveness of plain computed tomography (CT), metrizamide CT, conventional myelography, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was compared for the examination of cystic @entity602 . Intramedullary cavities in 18 @entity1 were demonstrated by MR imaging: cavities were uncomplicated in 13 @entity1 , associated with @entity5 in two, and studied after occipital craniectomy for treatment of @entity1645 and @entity1644 in two. Cavities were shown by MR imaging in all enlarged spinal cords, but a cavity was shown in only one of four small cords. The rostral limits of the cavities were demonstrated better than were the caudal extensions. Ventricular communication was not demonstrated. @entity1645 was shown only in cavities that did not involve the medulla. Syringes associated with @entity5 were indistinguishable from uncomplicated cavities, but the @entity5 had abnormal signal on long spin-echo sequences in two cases. @entity4097 (one case) had an inhomogeneous appearance. @entity6466 of the cerebellar hemisphere through the surgical defect associated with compression of the fourth ventricle was shown in two cases after posterior fossa craniectomy. Thirteen @entity1 were studied with metrizamide CT also. MR imaging proved to be as accurate as @entity6161 CT in the diagnosis of intramedullary cavities that result in @entity602 , but it was less sensitive in detecting cavities within normal-sized or diminished spinal cords. It had the advantage that @entity5 tissue could be distinguished from associated syrinx cavities by differences in signal characteristics; and @entity76 was evaluated easily on sagittal MR views.

title: MR imaging of XXXX and hydromyelia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord enlargement', 'spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity6161 :: ('MESH:D008793', 'Chemical') :: ['metrizamide']

entities_list: @entity6466 :: ('MESH:C535879', 'Disease') :: ['Caudal displacement']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ectopia']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic cord tumor']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of @entity1188 is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine which @entity1 require surgical treatment and which surgical procedure should be performed when a @entity1 with a @entity1188 exhibits progressive @entity16 . METHODS: A total of 44 @entity1 (24 male and 20 female @entity1 ; average age, 56 yr) were treated at our institution for @entity1188 in the past 8 years. Twenty-five @entity1 received conservative treatment; two @entity1 who were deeply comatose received no treatment. The remaining 17 @entity1 underwent emergency surgery. Of those 17 @entity1 , 8 underwent external ventricular drainage alone, 5 underwent external ventricular drainage as the first treatment plus secondary suboccipital craniectomy, and 4 underwent suboccipital craniectomy, with removal of @entity39 tissue, as the first treatment. RESULTS: Of the 25 conservatively treated @entity1 , 20 experienced good outcomes, 4 experienced moderate outcomes, and 1 died as a result of @entity1151 . Of the 17 surgically treated @entity1 , 10 experienced good functional recoveries (7 treated with external ventricular drainage only and 3 treated with drainage followed by suboccipital craniectomy) and 3 survived with mild @entity51 (one @entity1 underwent ventriculostomy, one suboccipital craniectomy plus external ventricular drainage, and one suboccipital craniectomy only). The overall mortality rate was 13.6% (6 of 44 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with worsening levels of @entity1662 and radiologically evident ventricular enlargement, we recommend external ventricular drainage. We reserve surgical resection of @entity39 tissue for @entity1 whose clinical status worsens despite ventriculostomy, those for whom worsening is accompanied by signs of @entity2850 , and those with tight posterior fossae.

title: Management of XXXX : one institution's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem compression']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarctions', 'cerebellar infarction']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['acute cerebellar infarction']


abstract: DESIGN: This was a clinical observational study of primary incisor @entity130 , in @entity1 of under 4 years of age at the time of injury, with a 7-year follow up period. COHORT SELECTION: @entity1 treated for intrusive injuries (as defined by World Health Organization guidelines) of primary incisors in a paediatric clinic. EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: @entity1 's age, sex, cause of @entity130 , site and number of primary teeth involved, and nature of immediate treatment were recorded. Photographs and radiographs were taken. At 6-12-month intervals clinical and radiographical examinations recorded the process of re-eruption, and any post-traumatic changes to the intruded primary teeth: namely, @entity39 , @entity11229 , @entity3947 , or obliteration of the pulp canal. @entity245 were recorded on the fully erupted successor teeth, namely enamel @entity509 , @entity600 and/ or root, and site of eruption. DATA ANALYSIS: Chi-squared tests were used to determine significant differences between the @entity1 's age at diagnosis; subsequent changes to the intruded primary teeth; and any @entity245 in the successor teeth. RESULTS: Complete data were obtained over a 7-year followup period, for 78 @entity1 (138 teeth) who were aged between 12 and 48 months at initial examination. Thirty-six of these teeth, in 23 @entity1 , were extracted at the first visit because of extensive @entity155 as well as intrusion. Of the remaining (unextracted at initial visit) 102 intruded primary incisors, 78% fully re-erupted, 15% partially re-erupted, and only 7% remained impacted. Post-traumatic consequences were recorded in 54% of the teeth. Over half of the permanent successors (74 out of the initial sample of 138 traumatised primary incisors) were found to have one or more @entity851 : enamel @entity509 (28.3% of all incisors); dilacerations (16.7% of all incisors); or ectopic eruption (16.7% of all incisors). CONCLUSIONS: The study did not find any correlation between the @entity1 's age at the time of the intrusion injury and the frequency of subsequent @entity851 .

title: Traumatic intrusion of primary teeth and XXXX in successor teeth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Children', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disturbances']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11229 :: ('MESH:D012391', 'Disease') :: ['root resorption']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental defects', 'developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation of tooth']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['lateral luxation']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['developmental defects']


abstract: The echocardiographic study was performed in 13 cases with @entity884 including one case with annular subvalvular left ventricular (LV) @entity439 . The echocardiographic findings were compared with clinical as well as anatomical findings obtained by surgery or autopsy. The @entity340 were visualized echocardiographically in 6 cases (46%); 2 cases in aortic valve (AV), 2 in mitral valve (MV) and 2 in both valves. In 3 out of 4 cases with @entity886 , the abnormal echo was seen in the LV outflow tract. Two out of these 3 cases indicated "flail aortic leaflet" with early closure of the MV, and immediate aortic valve replacement was performed. Unfortunately, one died 4 weeks after operation. The echocardiographic findings showed good correlation with anatomical findings in 4 cases with valve replacement. Out of 4 cases with @entity339 , one developed the progressive growth with subsequent rupture of the chordae tendinae to the anterior mitral leaflet, which paralleled to the clinical deterioration. In another one case, the echocardiographic size of vegetation in the MV reduced significantly shortly after the episode of @entity999 . In a case of annular subvalvular LV @entity439 possibly due to @entity884 , echo free space was visualized in the interventricular septum, coinciding well with postmortem anatomical findings. It seemed to be reasonable to indicate surgical repair in cases with evident vegetation and considerable destruction of AV, in which congestive @entity712 inevitably develops and the prognosis is poor.

title: [The echocardiographic study in 13 cases with XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MV vegetation']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['AV vegetation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular vegetations']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Due to the recent rapid increase in the aging population, @entity726 in the over-eighties population will become a significant problem of ocular health in the coming decades. It is important to determine the natural effects of aging on the optic nerve head and aqueous humor dynamics in these @entity1 for early diagnosis and monitoring of @entity726 . Its characteristics, context, management, and treatment are very perceptibly different from those of the younger glaucomatous @entity1 . For many reasons, such as its frequent association with macular age-related degeneration, diagnosis of @entity726 in the over-eighties may be difficult. Management of the over-eighties @entity726 is frequently difficult and time-consuming. Less aggressive than in a younger @entity1 and based on topical medications in most cases, it must be discussed case by case and will be based on the general context, the quality of compliance, and especially on the potential consequences of the glaucomatous @entity227 on the @entity1 's quality of life. In any case, overtreatment as well as treatments that are too complex must be avoided. Given the reduced metabolism in the very elderly, the safest medications must also be selected. It is important to always consider @entity726 medications as part of the @entity1 's medicine regimen. Associated risk factors, especially concomitant systemic @entity551 , will be simultaneously treated. Laser trabeculoplasties probably have broader indications than in younger @entity1 . Except for phacoextraction, which is very frequently helpful in controlling IOP, incisional filtering procedures or laser diode cyclophotocoagulations remain infrequently indicated in over-eighties @entity726 @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX in the over-eighties].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-field defects']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: This review focuses on current knowledge of the QOL (quality of life) and @entity159 ( @entity159 ) of @entity370 @entity1 . The QOL and @entity159 of @entity370 @entity1 are @entity73 are a cause of this impairment. Fatigue appears to be the major problem in @entity370 @entity1 . QOL is a concept that concerns @entity1 ' evaluation of their functioning in a wide range of domains, but always the physical, psychological, and social domain. @entity159 concerns @entity1 ' physical, psychological, and social functioning. There are a number of @entity159 questionnaires and one QOL measure that have shown useful in @entity370 . In addition, there exists one @entity370 -specific @entity159 measure. The main symptom of fatigue can be assessed reliably and valid with the Fatigue Assessment Scale. The absence of objective parameters for experiencing impairment does not always mean that @entity1 are healthy. Because what @entity1 can handle is clearly decreased, the activities should be adapted accordingly. Present studies are generally cross-sectional. There is a need for prospective follow-up studies assessing the natural course of @entity1 ' disease in relation to symptoms and QOL.

title: Quality of life in XXXX : assessment and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired and symptoms']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'health status']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: A series of 35 @entity1 with non-functioning @entity977 undergoing transsphenoidal surgery is presented. In most cases, the presenting symptoms were related to the mass effect of the @entity5 . There was no operative mortality. Before surgery, @entity227 were documented in 21 @entity1 (60%). After surgery, excluding 3 @entity1 with @entity1939 , 28% regained normal vision and 67% showed variable improvement. Preoperatively, 24 @entity1 (69%) had abnormal pituitary function, 24 (69%) had @entity6126 , 7 (20%) @entity1887 , 8 (23%) @entity1375 and 2 (6%) @entity7961 . After pituitary surgery, all but one @entity1 with normal preoperative function retained it. Of the @entity1 with @entity4614 , 11 (46%) had variable improvement and 13 (54%) had persistent deficits. After surgery, 4 @entity1 (57%) with @entity1887 recovered normal adrenal function, 7 @entity1 (29%) with @entity6126 recovered gonadal function and 1 @entity1 (13%) with @entity1375 recovered thyroid function. Prior to surgery, the presence of a normal or slightly elevated PRL and a rise in TSH after TRH and in LH after @entity1176 stimulation were of value in predicting possible recovery of pituitary function after surgery. These observations suggest the presence of viable pituitary tissue in these cases and point out that, in some instances, the mechanism of @entity4614 may be compression of the portal circulation, rather than destruction of the normal pituitary gland.

title: Recovery of @entity227 following transsphenoidal surgery of large nonfunctioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative blindness']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1119 can cause significant professional and social handicaps. @entity1514 has become the surgical technique of choice for treating intractable @entity1119 and can be performed through multiple ports or a single port. This prospective study compares outcomes between the two methods. METHODS: The study followed 71 consecutive @entity1 who underwent video-assisted sympathectomy for @entity1119 between January 2008 and June 2012. In all @entity1 , the procedure was bilateral and performed in one stage. The multiple-port method was used in 35 @entity1 (group A) and the single-port method in 36 @entity1 (group B). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables; morbidity, recurrence; and survival were compared in both groups. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in 100% of the @entity1 ; none experienced a recurrence of @entity1119 , @entity4820 (oculosympathetic palsy), or serious postoperative complications, and none died. No @entity1 required conversion to an open procedure. Residual minimal pneumothorax occurred in two @entity1 (5.7%) in group A and in one @entity1 (2.8%) in group B. Minimal hemothorax occurred in one @entity1 (2.9%) in group A and in three @entity1 (8.3%) in group B. @entity1119 occurred in seven @entity1 (20%) in group A and in eight @entity1 (22.2%) in group B. CONCLUSION: No difference was found between the multiple- and single-port methods. Both are effective, safe minimally invasive procedures that permanently improve quality of life in @entity1 with @entity1119 .

title: Comparing two methods of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['palmar hyperhidrosis', 'Hyperhidrosis', 'Compensatory hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ['Horner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic endoscopic sympathectomy']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['palmar hyperhidrosis']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the relationship between decontamination procedures and @entity410 events caused by @entity906 @entity1445 and to estimate the time at which 90% of @entity1 would have had their first @entity410 in the presence and absence of decontamination. METHODS: Data were collected from 319 @entity1 who took an @entity1445 of @entity906 on 436 occasions. @entity410 occurred on 24 of 436 occasions (5%). @entity1 received one of single dose activated charcoal (SDAC), whole bowel irrigation (WBI), a combination of either (SDAC/WBI) or no decontamination. Logistic regression and time to event analysis were used to investigate the influence of dose and decontamination on the probability of @entity410 and time to 90% (t(90) ) of @entity410 , respectively. RESULTS: A linear logistic regression model described the data. Simulation from the model showed that the probability of @entity410 was 0.05 (0.03-0.08), 0.19 (0.09-0.35) and 0.75 (0.30-0.96) at 1000, 5000 and 10   000   mg, respectively (median and 95% credible interval). At the mean dose of 2100   mg the odds ratios (OR) in the presence of SDAC, WBI and SDAC/WBI were 0.48 (0.25-0.89), 0.71 (0.35-1.22) and 0.25 (0.08-0.62), respectively. A modified Gompertz model described the time to @entity410 events. Simulations from the Gompertz model showed that the t(90) values for first @entity410 was 26   h and was not affected by dose or decontamination procedure. CONCLUSION: SDAC/WBI provided greater benefits than the sum of the independent effects of SDAC and WBI. @entity1 should be observed for at least 24   h for @entity410 based on the dose and risk of @entity410 occurring.

title: The effect of decontamination procedures on the pharmacodynamics of XXXX in @entity1445 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

answer: @entity906 :: (MESH:C047426,Chemical) :: ['venlafaxine']


abstract: During the period from 1963 till 1981 altogether 342 @entity1 suffering from @entity31 were treated. In their material authors found 6 @entity1 (1.7%) who achieved @entity694 beginning 7, 9, 14, 18, 18 und 21 years after the onset of @entity31 . According to the clinical data their @entity31 could be considered to belong to the severe or the moderate type. From the anatomical point of view the extension of the process exceeded the sigmoid colon in all but one. Respecting the clinical course of the disease, @entity5 in 3 @entity1 of the relapsing-remitting type, in 2 instances the clinical course could not be classified, the sixth case proved to the chronic continuous type. Colonic tissue was gained and diagnosis stated with traditional methods within 4 instances, while in 2 it was gained from tissue specimens passing through the stool. In 3 cases the @entity5 was multiple. From the morphological point of view the features had a plaque form in 2 cases, a polypous nature in other 2 cases, while among each one @entity1 a fibrous stricture and ordinary @entity14 occurred. The @entity5 was identified as well differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity420 in identically 3 instances. All the @entity1 underwent an operation, only one of them is still alive. In sake of detecting @entity189 earlier, they suggest yearly endoscopic and biopsy survey of @entity31 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation took place', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'ulcerative colitis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['colitis carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the colon']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Colitis carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the visual field patterns obtained by the preferential hyperacuity perimetry (PHP) in @entity1 with @entity3987 with mutations in the @entity6678 gene. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity3987 underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including functional assessment by best-corrected visual acuity and Foresee PHP and morphologic assessment by fundus biomicroscopy, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The functional "PHP @entity227 index" (which is the max peak value of the metamorphopsia [maximal distortion value at the visual field] + the max peak value of the @entity1019 [maximal @entity1019 value at the visual field]) and best-corrected visual acuity were analyzed about the disease stage. RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 15 consecutive @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; mean age 39    24 years) were included for analysis. Based on fundus biomicroscopy, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, the macular lesions could be counted as follows: previtelliform lesions in 5 eyes of 3 @entity1 (Stage 1), vitelliform lesions in 2 eyes of 2 @entity1 (Stage 2), @entity75 in 6 eyes of 5 @entity1 (Stage 3), @entity75 in 4 eyes of 3 @entity1 (Stage 4), @entity66 in 7 eyes of 5 @entity1 (Stage 5), and @entity75 in 6 eyes of 4 @entity1 (Stage 6). @entity227 index were averaged for each stage. Best-corrected visual acuity showed a good correlation (P = 0.01) with the morphologic severity (stage) of the disease (Pearson correlation = -0.88). Similarly, the PHP @entity227 index showed a good correlation (P = 0.03) with the morphologic severity (stage) of the disease (Pearson correlation = 0.78). Finally, best-corrected visual acuity showed a good correlation (P = 0.02) with the functional PHP @entity227 index (Pearson correlation = -0.83) about the morphologic stage of the disease. CONCLUSION: Preferential hyperacuity perimetry could be considered an adjunctive useful tool in the evaluation of functional impairment and disease progression in @entity1 with @entity3987 .

title: Preferential hyperacuity perimeter in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'Best-corrected visual acuity and PHP visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vitelliruptive lesions', 'pseudohypopyon lesions', 'fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['Best vitelliform macular dystrophy']

answer: @entity3987 :: (MESH:D057826,Disease) :: ['best vitelliform macular dystrophy']


abstract: Administration of cytokines to @entity1 with @entity1778 or @entity706 may recruit dormant malignant cells into cell cycle and thus make them more susceptible to chemotherapy. We treated a @entity1 with refractory T cell @entity981 ( @entity981 ) with OKT3 monoclonal antibody and observed a dramatic but transient decrease of lymphoblasts. The @entity981 cells were rather mature by morphology and immunophenotyping, expressing @entity4587 , @entity404 , @entity405 and CD3 surface antigens and nuclear @entity10730 . Cytogenetic analysis revealed inversion of chromosome 14(q11q32.1). A total of 500 mg OKT3 (maximum dose 50 mg/day) was given. A decrease of lymphoblasts in the blood and a reduction of spleen size was observed. Complement levels dropped remarkably. Despite increasing serum levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor, treatment was well tolerated overall. CD3 therapy induced strong @entity1199 responsiveness of the lymphoblasts. Thus, OKT3 antibody treatment not only significantly decreased CD3-positive @entity5 cells, but also induced @entity1199 -mediated proliferation. This may also allow sequential application of CD3 and @entity1199 to @entity5 more susceptible to chemotherapy.

title: Therapy with OKT3 monoclonal antibody in refractory T cell XXXX induces @entity1199 responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'render certain T cell tumors']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and treatment of @entity356 after previous gastric bypass has been limited. Experience should increase in the future owing to the number of bariatric procedures being performed. The diagnosis and resection of these @entity5 and restoration of biliopancreatic intestinal continuity pose challenges. We present a 2-institutional experience of diagnosis and reconstruction after resection of @entity356 and discuss the technical options for reconstruction. METHODS: The medical records were reviewed retrospectively from 2003 to 2009 for @entity1 with previous gastric bypass who developed a @entity356 . RESULTS: Of the available @entity1 , 7 were identified with 2 remnant @entity356 (2 signet ring cell @entity420 ), 4 @entity788 (2 @entity5 ), and 1 @entity5 . The @entity356 required complete remnant gastrectomy but did not require additional gastrointestinal reconstruction. The @entity788 required pancreatoduodenectomy, with 4 of 5 @entity1 also undergoing remnant gastrectomy. The @entity1 after pancreatoduodenectomy required biliary and pancreatic reconstruction with the pancreaticobiliary limb, Roux limb, or proximal common channel, depending on the limb length. Operative mortality was nil, and the morbidity rate was 28%. CONCLUSION: @entity356 after previous gastric bypass, although rare, will most likely increase as the number of bariatric operations increases. A high index of suspicion and focused diagnostic testing are key in identifying these lesions. Resection is feasible and safe but could require complex gastric and pancreatobiliary reconstruction.

title: Gastric and pancreatoduodenal resection for XXXX after previous gastric bypass--diagnosis and methods of reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and duodenal neoplasms', 'pancreatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary cancer', 'neoplasms', 'adenocarcinomas and 2 neuroendocrine cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and pancreatoduodenal neoplasms', 'gastric cancers', 'gastric or pancreatoduodenal neoplasm', 'Gastric and pancreatoduodenal neoplasms', 'gastric neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is a highly prevalent, chronic, degenerative condition that generates a high expense. Alternative and co-adjuvant therapies to improve the quality of life and physical function of affected @entity1 are currently being sought. METHODS: A total of 808 @entity1 with knee pathology were treated with PRGF (plasma rich in growth factors), 312 of them with @entity571 of the knee (Outerbridge grades I-IV) and symptoms of >3  months duration met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated to obtain a sample of 261 @entity1 , 109 @entity1 and 152 @entity1 , with an average age of 48.39. Three intra-articular injections of autologous PRGF were administered at 2-week intervals in outpatient surgery. The process of obtaining PRGF was carried out following the Anitua Technique. @entity1 were asked to fill out a questionnaire with personal data and the following assessment instruments: VAS, SF-36, WOMAC Index and Lequesne Index before the first infiltration of PRGF and 6  months after the last infiltration. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (P  <  0.0001) between pre-treatment and follow-up values were found for @entity158 , stiffness and functional capacity in the WOMAC Index; @entity158 and total score, distance and daily life activities in the Lequesne Index; the VAS @entity158 score; and the SF-36 physical health domain. There were no adverse effects related to PRGF infiltration. CONCLUSION: At 6  months following intra-articular infiltration of PRGF in @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee, improvements in function and quality of life were documented by @entity571 -specific and general clinical assessment instruments. These favourable findings point to consider PRGF as a therapy for @entity571 .

title: Infiltration of plasma rich in growth factors for XXXX of the knee short-term effects on function and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal @entity146 have been reported in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) during @entity935 replacement therapy (DRT) and associated with individual predisposing features, including @entity23 . However, @entity23 and compulsive symptoms have never been explored in @entity191 @entity1 before initiation of DRT. We previously reported a 20% of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) in an Italian cohort. METHODS: 103 consecutive newly diagnosed drug-na  ve @entity191 @entity1 (means: age = 60.5    9.2 years; duration = 15.4    15.3 months) were screened for compulsive @entity146 , @entity23 ( @entity74 Interview, MIDI), and @entity11532 (South Oaks Gambling Screen, SOGS). Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Questionnaire (MOCQ/R) assessed @entity23 , obsessive-compulsive symptoms, respectively. @entity308 (GDS-15) and general cognitive status were additionally assessed. We also compared ICDs frequency with our healthy controls. RESULTS: 17.5% of @entity191 @entity1 screened positive for at least one @entity23 at MIDI (17/103) and SOGS (1/103), though none had a disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. These frequencies were similar to healthy controls. There was a trend toward higher scores in BIS-11 attentive- @entity23 subscale (15.2    4.8 vs. 18.7    4.9; P = 0.007) and in MOCQ/R-Doubting subscale (0.67    1.1 vs. 1.5    1.2; P = 0.007) in @entity191 with @entity23 . We also observed a positive correlation between GDS-15 and BIS-11. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to our healthy control population, we found a significant proportion of early @entity191 @entity1 positive for ICDs before starting treatment. We also found a relationship between @entity23 and @entity308 . A detailed behavioral assessment before starting dopaminergic therapy is recommended.

title: Impulsivity and compulsivity in drug-na  ve XXXX with @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior, compulsive buying', 'repetitive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity', 'impulse control disorders', 'ICD', 'intermittent explosive disorder']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Minnesota Impulsive Disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Highly aggressive @entity5 are exposed to @entity519 and increased @entity5 interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) conditions which is resistant to blood supply. Physiological responses of the organism may reduce IFP through induction of orderly cell death. SPECIFIC AIMS: This study demonstrates that orderly cell death provided spatial structure for early angiogenesis in the @entity519 , high-IFP @entity5 microenvironment and the participation of linearly patterned programmed cell @entity39 (LPPCN) in nascent @entity320 . METHODS: Animal model, laser capture microdissection, wound healing and transwell assays, three-dimensional cultures, zymography assays, western-blotting analysis, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were performed. RESULTS: This study demonstrated a special form of cell death occurring in groups of @entity5 cells which arrayed in lines. Both features of apoptosis and @entity39 can be found in this cell death pattern and were termed as LPPCN. Its role as a stimulus of @entity5 angiogenesis was investigated using @entity1 @entity320 samples and an animal model. Computer image analysis showed that LPPCN and @entity5 microvessels had identical spatial distributions. It can be induced by chronic @entity519 , high IFP and subsequent @entity460 influx. Higher number of @entity5 associated macrophages (TAM) and @entity7 expression were found in the @entity5 with LPPCN. Based on the @entity5 -bearing animal model, it was found that block of caspase pathway inhibited LPPCN, microvessel density and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). CONCLUSIONS: LPPCN formation may play an important role in @entity5 angiogenesis due to stimulation of macrophage infiltration and @entity7738 regulation, and that inhibition of LPPCN may be a novel therapeutic strategy against @entity5 angiogenesis and @entity3 .

title: Linearly Patterned Programmed Cell Necrosis Induced by Chronic @entity519 Plays a Role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma angiogenesis']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma Angiogenesis']


abstract: Changes in the expression levels of @entity6927 and @entity1735 product SLe X have been reported in certain types of malignant transformations. However, the specific role of @entity23521 in @entity1 @entity14 is still not clear. We evaluated the expression of @entity23521 in @entity5 specimens from 30 @entity14 @entity1 by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The alteration of metastatic potential of LOVO cells before and after alpha1,3 @entity23521 gene transfection was also assayed. The expression change of glycoprotein @entity11707 and @entity1735 antigen SLe X after stable transfection of LOVO was also examined in vitro. Higher mRNA and protein expression of @entity23521 were observed in @entity14 compared with adjacent normal ones. The cell chemotactic migration and invasion were enhanced after alpha1,3 @entity23521 transfection in LOVO cells. There was a positive correlation between alpha1,3 @entity23521 mRNA expression and lymph node status (p=0.009) and AJCC stage (p=0.007), similar correlation was also observed at protein level (p=0.042 and 0.022, respectively). Overexpression of @entity6927 promoted the expression of @entity11707 and SLe X in LOVO cells. Our findings suggest that @entity6927 might play a role in @entity14 metastases by promoting the carbohydration of glycoprotein @entity11707 .

title: @entity6927 plays a role in XXXX metastases by promoting the carbohydration of glycoprotein @entity11707 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether surgical treatment for @entity788 provokes the hematogenous dissemination of @entity5 cells. The aim of this study was to detect circulating @entity5 cells in the blood stream before and during @entity5 resection for @entity788 . METHODS: We analyzed blood samples obtained perioperatively from the portal vein, peripheral artery, and superior vena cava, using a @entity787 ( @entity787 )-specific nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity787 -mRNA expression was detected in the blood of 21 (52.5%) of 40 @entity1 with @entity788 . The @entity1 with detectable @entity787 -mRNA expression included 8 (42.1%) of 19 with @entity1126 and 13 (61.9%) of 21 with @entity788 . @entity787 -mRNA expression was not detected in blood obtained from 15 healthy volunteers and 15 @entity1 with benign disease. The positive rate of @entity787 -mRNA of advanced clinical stage (TNM pStage III and IV) showed higher than that of early stage (pStage I and II; P <0.05). Tumor resection increased significantly the positive rates of @entity787 -mRNA in the blood stream of three kinds of vessel. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical procedures provoke the hematogenous dissemination of @entity5 cells perioperatively. Therefore, new strategies during operations to prevent liver @entity3 are needed to improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: Molecular detection of circulating @entity5 cells during surgery in XXXX with @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['biliary-pancreatic cancers', 'biliary-pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancers']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the contemporary results after repair of a complete @entity474 and to determine the factors associated with suboptimal outcomes. METHODS: The demographic, procedural, and outcome data were obtained within 1 and 6 months after repair of a complete @entity474 in 120 @entity1 in a multicenter observational study from June 2004 to 2006. RESULTS: The median age at surgery was 3.7 months (range, 9 days to 1.1 years). The type of surgical repair was a single patch (18%), double patch (72%), and a single @entity118 patch with primary @entity1757 closure (10%). The incidence of @entity1757 and the degree of left @entity338 (LAVVR) did not differ by repair type. The median interval of intensive care stay were 4 days, ventilation use 2 days, and total hospitalization 8 days. All were independent of the presence of trisomy 21 (80% of the cohort). The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.5% (3/120). The overall 6-month mortality rate was 4% (5/120). The presence of associated anomalies and younger age at surgery were independently associated with a longer hospital stay. The age at repair was not associated with @entity1757 or moderate or greater LAVVR at 6 months. Moderate or greater LAVVR occurred in 22% at 6 months, and the strongest predictor for this was moderate or greater LAVVR at 1 month (odds ratio, 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-21.7; P  <  .001). CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes after repair of complete @entity474 did not differ by repair type or the presence of trisomy 21. An earlier age at surgery was associated with increased resource use but had no association with the incidence of @entity1757 or significant LAVVR.

title: Surgical management of complete XXXX : associations with surgical technique, age, and trisomy 21.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['residual septal defects', 'residual ventricular septal defect', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of @entity1659 are intermittent @entity4 of subcutaneous tissues, abdominal organs, upper airways, and brain. Because of spontaneous mutation, in 20% of @entity1 a familial history is lacking. Serological hallmarks are diminished complement factor 4 and @entity1660 inhibitor. The heterogenicity of the clinical symptoms frequently leads to false or delayed diagnosis. CASE REPORT: We report on a 50-year-old male @entity1 with intermittent joint swellings, @entity1661 , @entity1143 , @entity843 and @entity10 with @entity1662 since early adulthood. Diagnosis was @entity1252 . Immunosuppressive therapy was ineffective over months. Careful re-evaluation of the @entity1 's clinical history and further laboratory examinations led to the diagnosis of an @entity1659 . Anamnestic and laboratory exploration of family members disclosed four other cases. Two of them also were symptomatic for decades without adequate diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In case of intermittent swellings, @entity1661 , @entity4 , @entity1143 or @entity843 , differential diagnosis should involve @entity1659 . With early diagnosis and adequate treatment, prognosis is good. Since ACE inhibitors can aggravate the disease they are contraindicated. Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment are discussed by reviewing the literature.

title: [ XXXX . Diagnostic and treatment errors as @entity1252 ].

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal complaints']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['Hereditary angioedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibular @entity4219 is @entity348 ; it represents the most frequent @entity154 of the long bones. It usually is associated with other anomalies of the tibia, femur, and foot. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We reviewed 32 @entity1 with @entity4219 treated by successive lower limb lengthening and deformity correction using the Ilizarov method. We had three aims; first, to analyze complications, including the need for reoperation. The second was to assess knee and ankle function, specifically addressing knee ROM and stability and function of the foot and ankle. The third was assessment of overall @entity1 satisfaction. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 underwent 56 tibia lengthenings and 14 ipsilateral femoral lengthenings. Their mean age and mean functional leg-length discrepancy at initial treatment were 6.7 years and 6.2 cm, respectively. Activity level, @entity158 , @entity1 satisfaction with function, @entity158 , and cosmesis, complications, and residual length discrepancy were assessed at the end of treatment. RESULTS: The mean number of surgeries was six per case. The healing index was 44.9 days/cm. Although complications were observed during 60 lengthenings (82%), the highly versatile system overcame most of them. Nearly equal limb length and a plantigrade foot were achieved by 16 @entity1 . For two @entity1 , a Syme's amputation was performed. The outcome was considered satisfactory in 17 @entity1 (53%) and relatively good in eight @entity1 (25%). CONCLUSIONS: The Ilizarov technique has satisfactory results for treatment of @entity4219 and can be considered a good alternative to amputation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Limb lengthening and deformity correction by the Ilizarov technique in XXXX : an alternative to amputation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defect']

entities_list: @entity4219 :: ('MESH:D004480', 'Disease') :: ['Type III fibular hemimelia', 'hemimelia', 'Type III congenital fibular hemimelia']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['partial or total aplasia of the fibula']

answer: @entity4219 :: (MESH:D004480,Disease) :: ['type III fibular hemimelia']


abstract: @entity4789 is reported to have declined and perhaps be vanishing. Prompted by the occurrence of 17 cases of @entity4789 in an 18-month period in 1985 and 1986, we reviewed the records of 243 @entity1 with @entity4789 who were cared for at @entity1 's Hospital of Pittsburgh or Mercy Hospital between 1965 and 1986. @entity4789 was diagnosed using the modified Jones criteria and cases were classified by major criteria as @entity625 , @entity625 and @entity2401 , @entity2401 alone, @entity2401 and @entity4790 , @entity4790 alone, and @entity625 and @entity4790 . Among the 17 recent @entity1 , 59% had @entity2401 , 30% had @entity4790 , and 24% had @entity625 alone. The proportion of @entity1 who had particular major manifestations was similar in the last two decades and in 1985 to 1986. The recent @entity1 with @entity4789 ranged in age from 6 to 13 years with a mean and median age of 10 years. There were 16 white @entity1 and one Asian @entity1 . Only four @entity1 lived in an urban setting. When demographic features of the @entity1 were contrasted with those in the previous two decades, a decrease in the proportion of @entity1 who lived in urban areas and who were black was noted. Four @entity1 had a history of preceding sore throat but only three sought medical care; nine @entity1 had no memorable illness and four had either a @entity221 or a @entity1729 without sore throat. This resurgence of @entity4789 as a reminder that a diligent approach to the diagnosis and therapy of @entity883 remains essential.

title: XXXX in western Pennsylvania and the tristate area.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['Acute rheumatic fever', 'rheumatic fever serves', 'acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['nonrespiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['Acute rheumatic fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prophylactic treatments that afford neuroprotection against @entity64 may emerge from the field of preconditioning. @entity4025 mimics @entity63 preconditioning, reducing @entity2806 when administered 2 days before global @entity63 in @entity35 . This protection is linked to silent information regulator 2 homologue 1 ( @entity14075 ) and enhanced mitochondrial function possibly through its repression of uncoupling protein 2. @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) is another neuroprotective protein associated with @entity14075 . In this study, we sought to identify the conditions of @entity4025 preconditioning (RPC) that most robustly induce neuroprotection against focal @entity63 in @entity19 . METHODS: We tested 4 different RPC paradigms against a @entity2500 model of @entity64 . @entity1188 volume and neurological score were calculated 24 hours after @entity2500 . @entity14075 -chromatin binding was evaluated by ChIP-qPCR. Percoll gradients were used to isolate synaptic fractions, and changes in protein expression were determined via Western blot analysis. @entity9140 concentration was measured using a @entity9140 -specific ELISA assay. RESULTS: Although repetitive RPC induced neuroprotection from @entity2500 , strikingly one application of RPC 14 days before @entity2500 showed the most robust protection, reducing @entity1188 volume by 33% and improving neurological score by 28%. Fourteen days after RPC, @entity14075 protein was increased 1.5-fold and differentially bound to the uncoupling protein 2 and @entity9140 promoter regions. Accordingly, synaptic uncoupling protein 2 level decreased by 23% and cortical @entity9140 concentration increased 26%. CONCLUSIONS: RPC induces a novel extended window of @entity63 tolerance in the brain that lasts for at least 14 days. Our data suggest that this tolerance may be mediated by @entity14075 through upregulation of @entity9140 and downregulation of uncoupling protein 2.

title: XXXX Preconditioning Induces a Novel Extended Window of Ischemic Tolerance in the @entity19 Brain.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol', 'Resveratrol']

answer: @entity4025 :: (MESH:C059514,Chemical) :: ['Resveratrol']


abstract: : @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ) are known to be expressed in the skin. Antigenic stimulation of @entity6071 in the skin has been implicated in several inflammatory @entity66 including @entity1569 , syphilis, @entity483 , and @entity784 . However, the expression of @entity6071 in @entity370 has not yet been defined. Expression of @entity6071 1-9 was examined in cutaneous sarcoid by immunohistochemical staining. It was found that @entity6071 5 and 6 stained most intensely in both the @entity738 and epidermis of the sarcoid cases. @entity6071 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 stained more intensely compared with normal skin. All @entity370 cases showed an increased level of staining compared with the control. The nuclear factor-kappa B activation pathway was confirmed by staining for @entity9135 . All cases strongly stained for @entity9135 in the @entity738 and varied in staining intensity in the epidermis. The identified TLR expression in @entity370 indicates that a bacterial antigen could be an etiologic agent of the disease. Future studies that clearly define the etiology of sarcoid will lead to better therapies and a better prognosis for affected @entity1 .

title: Identifying Toll-like Receptor Expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['TLRs', 'Toll-like receptors']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous sarcoidosis', 'sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Sarcoidosis']


abstract: In experimental animals, injection of gram-negative endotoxin ( @entity558 ) decreases hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism. To evaluate this phenomenon in a @entity1 model of gram-negative sepsis, @entity558 was administered on two consecutive days to healthy male volunteers during which time a cocktail of @entity4591 (AP-250 mg), @entity8953 (HB-500 mg), and @entity2544 (TH-150 mg) was ingested and the apparent oral clearance of each drug determined. Each subject had a control drug clearance study with saline injections. In the first experiment, six subjects received the drug cocktail 0.5 h after the first dose of @entity558 . In the second experiment, another six subjects received the drug cocktail 0.5 h after the second dose of @entity558 . In both experiments, @entity558 caused the expected physiologic responses of @entity32 including fever with increases in serum concentrations of @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , and acute phase reactants. In the first experiment, only minor decreases in clearances of the probe drugs were observed (7-12%). However in the second experiment, marked decreases in the clearances of AP (35, 95% CI 18-48%), HB (27, 95% CI 14-34%), and TH (22, 95% CI 12-32%) were seen. The decreases in AP clearance correlated with initial peak values of @entity310 (r = 0.82) and @entity650 (r = 0.86). These data show that in @entity1 the inflammatory response to even a very low dose of @entity558 significantly decreases hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism and this effect evolves over a 24-h period. It is likely that septic @entity1 with much higher exposures to @entity558 have more profound inhibition of drug metabolism.

title: Endotoxin administration to XXXX inhibits hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity8953 :: ('MESH:D006591', 'Chemical') :: ['hexobarbital']

entities_list: @entity4591 :: ('MESH:D000983', 'Chemical') :: ['antipyrine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: A new classification of left ventricular geometry based on @entity5988 and concentricity has recently been developed. This classification identifies subgroups differing with regard to systemic haemodynamics, left ventricular function and cardiovascular prognosis. We investigated the relationship between the new classification of left ventricular geometry and subclinical @entity8 , namely urine albumin excretion and early intrarenal vascular changes in primary @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS:: A total of 449 untreated @entity101 @entity1 were studied. Four different patterns of @entity4346 (eccentric nondilated, eccentric dilated, concentric nondilated and concentric dilated @entity1184 ) were identified by echocardiography. @entity633 was measured as the albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio. Early intrarenal vascular changes, expressed as the renal volume to resistive index ratio, were evaluated by ultrasound and Doppler scan. RESULTS:: @entity1 with concentric dilated @entity4346 had higher albumin excretion rates (P=0.0258) and prevalence of microalbuminuria (P<0.0001) and lower renal volume to resistive index ratio than @entity1 with concentric nondilated @entity1184 (P=0.0093). @entity1 with eccentric dilated @entity1184 showed a higher prevalence of microalbuminuria than @entity1 with eccentric nondilated @entity1184 (P<0.0001). Moreover, @entity1 with chamber dilatation showed a higher prevalence of microalbuminuria (P=0.0002) and lower renal volume to resistive index ratio (P=0.0107) than @entity1 without chamber dilatation. After adjusting for potentially confounding variables, left ventricular chamber dilatation was an independent predictor of subclinical @entity8 . CONCLUSION:: @entity5988 is associated with subclinical @entity8 in @entity101 . These findings extend previous reports and provide a pathophysiological rationale for the observed unfavourable prognosis in @entity1 with @entity5988 .

title: @entity5988 and subclinical XXXX in primary @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation', 'Left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal damage']