abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Eph-ephrin system is a unique system that can induce multiple cellular responses such as cell migration, regulation of angiogenesis, and axonal guidance. Previously, the Eph-ephrin system was reported to regulate @entity1 extravillous trophoblast invasion. In this study, we examined the possible involvement of the Eph-ephrin system in the invasion of @entity1469 using a @entity1 @entity1466 -derived cell line, JEG-3. METHODS: The mRNA expression of class A Ephs and ephrins on JEG-3 cells was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The effects of recombinant @entity1 @entity6259 (r- @entity6259 ) and r- @entity50516 on the proliferation and invasion of JEG-3 cells were investigated by cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion assays. The alterations of integrin expression on JEG-3 cells in the presence of r- @entity6259 and r- @entity50516 were investigated by flow cytometry. The induction of phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in JEG-3 cells by r- @entity50516 was examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, mRNAs of @entity6259 , A2, and A4 and @entity25334 , A4, and A5 were detected on JEG-3 cells. In Matrigel invasion assay, both r- @entity6259 and r- @entity50516 promoted the invasion of JEG-3 cells without affecting cell proliferation. During 24-hour culture with r- @entity6259 and r- @entity50516 , the increase in integrin a 5 expression on JEG-3 cells was observed by flow cytometry. Western blotting analysis showed that r- @entity50516 induced dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in JEG-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Eph-ephrin interaction plays some role in the regulation of @entity1466 invasion in cooperation with integrins.

title: Eph-ephrin A system regulates @entity1 XXXX -derived JEG-3 cell invasion.

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gestational trophoblastic diseases']

answer: @entity1466 :: (MESH:D002822,Disease) :: ['choriocarcinoma']


abstract: Permeant ions can have significant effects on ion channel conformational changes. To further understand the relationship between ion occupancy and gating conformational changes, we have studied macroscopic and single-channel gating of BK @entity972 channels with different permeant monovalent cations. While the slopes of the conductance-voltage curve were reduced with respect to @entity972 for all permeant ions, BK channels required stronger depolarization to open only when @entity4214 was the permeant ion. @entity4214 also slowed the activation and deactivation kinetics. Both the change in kinetics and the shift in the GV curve were dependent on the @entity4214 passing through the permeation pathway, as well as on the concentration of @entity4214 . There was a decrease in the mean open time and an increase in the number of short flicker closing events with @entity4214 as the permeating ion. Mean closed durations were unaffected. Application of previously established allosteric gating models indicated that @entity4214 specifically alters the opening and closing transition of the channel and does not alter the @entity460 activation or voltage activation pathways. Addition of a closed flicker state into the allosteric model can account for the effect of @entity4214 on gating. Consideration of the @entity4214 concentration dependence of the gating effects suggests that the flicker state may correspond to the collapsed selectivity filter seen in crystal structures of the KcsA @entity972 channel under the condition of low permeant ion concentration.

title: Relationship between pore occupancy and gating in BK XXXX channels.

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium', 'Thallium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: @entity51189 4 (NP4) belongs to a family of pH-sensitive, @entity842 (NO) transporter proteins that undergo a large structural change from a closed to an open conformation at high pH to allow for NO delivery. Measuring the pH-dependent structural dynamics in NP4-NO around the ligand binding site is crucial for developing a mechanistic understanding of NO binding and release. In this study, we use coherent two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy to measure picosecond structural dynamics sampled by the @entity11072 stretch in NP4-NO as a function of pH at room temperature. Our results show that both the closed and open conformers of the protein are present at low (pD 5.1) and high (pD 7.9) pH conditions. The closed and open conformers are characterized by two frequencies of the @entity11072 stretching vibration labeled A0 and A1, respectively. Analysis of the 2D IR line shapes reveals that at pD 5.1, the closed conformer experiences structural fluctuations arising from solvation dynamics on a    3 ps time scale. At pD 7.9, both the open and closed conformers exhibit fluctuations on a    1 ps time scale. At both pD conditions, the closed conformers maintain a static distribution of structures within the experimental time window of 100 ps. This is in contrast to the open conformer, which is able to interconvert among its substates on a    100 ps time scale. Our results directly measure the time scales of solvation dynamics in the distal pocket, the flexibility of the open conformation at high pH, and the @entity2003 of the closed conformers at both pH conditions. We discuss how the pH-dependent equilibrium structural fluctuations of the @entity11072 ligand measured in this study are related to the uptake and delivery of @entity842 in NP4.

title: pH-dependent picosecond structural dynamics in the distal pocket of XXXX 4 investigated by 2D IR spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity11072 :: ('CHEBI:16480', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosyl']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity51189 :: ('MESH:C090560', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrophorin']

answer: @entity51189 :: (MESH:C090560,Chemical) :: ['nitrophorin']


abstract: AIMS: A case-control study was performed to evaluate @entity8650 ( @entity8650 ) wear modality as a risk factor for microbial @entity1036 . METHODS: Contact lens wearers presenting as new @entity1 to Moorfields Eye Hospital accident and emergency department during a 12 month period completed a self administered questionnaire detailing demographic data and contact lens use habits. Cases were @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity8650 related microbial @entity1036 . Controls were @entity8650 users attending with disorders unrelated to contact lens wear. Odds ratios (estimates of relative risks) and 95% confidence limits (CL) were calculated through multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 89 cases and 566 controls. A substantially increased risk with 1-4 weekly disposable @entity8650 compared with non-disposable @entity8650 was identified among both daily wear (DW) (odds ratio = 3.51, 95% CL 1.60-7.66, p = 0.002) and extended wear (odds ratio 4.76, 95% CL 1.52-14.87, p = 0.007) users after adjustment for demographic, lens use and hygiene variables. Other significant factors among DW users were "occasional" overnight use, use of @entity3878 based (as opposed to other chemical) systems in combination with poor storage case hygiene, and irregular disinfection. CONCLUSION: Properties of some disposable @entity8650 may be partly responsible for these excess risks. It is also possible, however, that this finding is largely a reflection of widespread complacency among @entity1 and practitioners with respect to disposable @entity8650 fitting and use.

title: Disposable contact lens use as a risk factor for microbial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['SCL', 'soft contact lens']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['keratitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: There have been no full-scale trials of the optimal number of visits for the care of any condition with spinal manipulation. PURPOSE: To identify the dose-response relationship between visits to a chiropractor for spinal manipulation and chronic @entity1643 (cLBP) outcomes and to determine the efficacy of manipulation by comparison with a light massage control. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Practice-based randomized controlled trial. @entity1 SAMPLE: Four hundred @entity1 with cLBP. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary cLBP outcomes were the 100-point modified Von Korff @entity158 intensity and functional disability scales evaluated at the 12- and 24-week primary end points. Secondary outcomes included days with @entity158 , @entity158 unpleasantness, global perceived improvement, medication use, and general health status. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 with cLBP were randomized to each of four dose levels of care: 0, 6, 12, or 18 sessions of spinal manipulation from a chiropractor. @entity1 were treated three times per week for 6 weeks. At sessions when manipulation was not assigned, they received a focused light massage control. Covariate-adjusted linear dose effects and comparisons with the no-manipulation control group were evaluated at 6, 12, 18, 24, 39, and 52 weeks. RESULTS: For the primary outcomes, mean @entity158 and disability improvement in the manipulation groups were 20 points by 12 weeks and sustainable to 52 weeks. Linear dose-response effects were small, reaching about two points per six manipulation sessions at 12 and 52 weeks for both variables (p<.025). At 12 weeks, the greatest differences from the no-manipulation control were found for 12 sessions (8.6 @entity158 and 7.6 disability points, p<.025); at 24 weeks, differences were negligible; and at 52 weeks, the greatest group differences were seen for 18 visits (5.9 @entity158 and 8.8 disability points, p<.025). CONCLUSIONS: The number of spinal manipulation visits had modest effects on cLBP outcomes above those of 18 hands-on visits to a chiropractor. Overall, 12 visits yielded the most favorable results but was not well distinguished from other dose levels.

title: Dose-response and efficacy of spinal manipulation for care of chronic XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and functional disability']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low  back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An embolic @entity385 occurs in 10% to 40% of @entity1 with @entity340 (IE) and confers significant morbidity. The optimal timing of valve surgery in this population is not well defined. METHODS: With the use of PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and Cochrane databases, a systematic review identified 14 studies through October 2015 that compared early versus delayed surgery for @entity340 complicated by an @entity385 . Early surgery was defined as 3 days or less in one, 7 days or less in eight, and 14 days or less in five studies. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel method under a fixed- or random-effects model, for the outcomes of perioperative @entity64 , operative mortality, and 1-year survival. RESULTS: A total of 833 @entity1 (early surgery, 330; delayed surgery, 503) were included. The majority of operations were for aortic and/or mitral valve IE, with prosthetic valve IE present in 0% to 60%. Infection with @entity794 ranged from 19% to 66%, and @entity712 prevalence at the time of operation was 24% to 66%. Early surgery was associated with an increased risk of operative mortality (RR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-2.34; P = 0.0005), which was significant regardless of surgery within the first 7 days (RR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.45-3.31; P = 0.0002) or 14 days (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.12-2.64; P = 0.01) after @entity64 . Surgical timing did not affect the risk of perioperative @entity63 or @entity64 or 1-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity340 complicated by @entity385 , early surgery is associated with an increased risk of operative mortality, with no observed benefit in 1-year survival.

title: A Meta-Analysis of Early Versus Delayed Surgery for XXXX Complicated by Embolic @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular IE', 'valvular infective endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['Valvular Infective Endocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of combined administration of autophagy inhibitor @entity2456 / @entity7999 and @entity470 inhibitor @entity4562 on triple-negative @entity0 MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231 cells and @entity172 receptor-positive MCF-7 cells. METHODS: All the cells were treated with @entity2456 / @entity7999 and/or @entity4562 . The effect of autophagy inhibitor and @entity4562 on the cell growth was evaluated by @entity98 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to determine the alteration of autophagy-related protein (such as @entity21684 ) and apoptosis-related proteins (such as @entity522 and @entity8187 ). RESULTS: @entity98 assay showed that the IC50 in the GE+ @entity8836 and GE+ BAF groups were (4.1  0.2)  mol/L and (3.8  0.3)  mol/L, significantly lower than that of the @entity4562 alone group [(7.0  0.2)  mol/L] in MDA-MB-468 cells (P<0.05). Similarly, the IC50 in the GE+ @entity8836 and GE+ BAF groups were (9.7  0.1)  mol/L and (7.7  0.2)  mol/L, significantly lower than that of the @entity4562 alone group [(14.7  0.1)  mol/L]in MDA-MB231 cells (P<0.05). The flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptosis rates of MDA-MB-468 cells in GE, GE+ @entity8836 and GE+ BAF groups were (12.43  3.18)%, (23.37  2.71)% and (18.71  2.81)%, respectively. The apoptosis rates of MDA-MB-231 cells of the GE, GE+ @entity8836 and GE+ BAF groups were (12.15  1.82)%, (16.94  2.19)% and (33.83  5.92) %, significantly higher than that of the @entity4562 alone group (All P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of the MCF-7 cells were not changed significantly among the three groups (P>0.05). Western blot data showed that the expression levels of @entity21684 and p-Akt were decreased in the combined groups than that of the @entity4562 alone group, while the p- @entity983 , @entity522 and @entity8187 were increased. CONCLUSIONS: Autophagy inhibitor may enhance the sensitivity to @entity4562 in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells by activation of the @entity983 / @entity43977 /Akt pathway. Apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells might be enhanced by the combination treatment through caspase cascade.

title: [Effect of autophagy inhibitor combined with XXXX inhibitor on triple-negative @entity0 MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2456 :: ('MESH:C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity43977 :: ('p|SUB|P|13|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P13K']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity7999 :: ('MESH:C040929', 'Chemical') :: ['bafilomycin A1']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is frequently associated with transient @entity4854 even in @entity1 without pre-existing @entity6 . Acute stress can lead to increased blood @entity413 through the effect of @entity2661 on alpha2A-adrenergic receptors (a2A-ARs) present in pancreatic islet b-cells. Variation in the gene ( @entity23510 ) that encodes the a2A-AR affects insulin release and @entity413 control and may play a particularly important role during times of stress. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study using de-identified electronic medical records linked to a DNA repository in 521 Caucasians and 55 African-American non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity583 . We examined the association between admission blood @entity413 concentrations and ten selected @entity23510 SNPs in Caucasians. RESULTS: Three @entity23510 SNPS were associated with stress-induced @entity4854 in Caucasians. Individuals homozygous for the @entity47622 variant (n=9) had a 23% lower admission @entity413 (geometric mean [95% CI], 99 [83-118]mg/dl) compared with non-carriers (121 [118-125] mg/dl; n=401; P=0.001). Admission @entity413 was 14% higher in @entity38257 variant homozygotes (134 [119-150]mg/dl; n=36) compared to non-carriers (118 [115-121]mg/dl; n=290, P=0.046). Furthermore, homozygotes of the @entity47623 variant (n=13) had a 13% higher @entity413 (133 [110-160]mg/dl) compared to non-carriers (118 [115-122]mg/dl; n=366; P=0.056). Haplotypes including these @entity23510 SNPs were associated with higher admission @entity413 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Three @entity23510 genetic variants are associated with blood @entity413 and stress-induced @entity4854 after @entity583 in Caucasians.

title: XXXX genetic variation contributes to @entity4854 after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myocardial infarction', 'AMI']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity23510 :: (150,Gene) :: ['Alpha2A adrenergic receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity731 and @entity170 ( @entity170 ) are common diseases in elderly individuals and may share common pathogenetic mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) in postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 186 postmenopausal @entity1 50-80 years of age were included. BMD of the spine and femoral neck was measured by dual-energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry. The coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) was measured by multidetector computed tomography. RESULTS: The study included postmenopausal @entity1 aged 65.6  7.3 years, 109 of whom (58.6%) showed CAC. Thirty-three (17.7%) of the @entity1 were found to have @entity170 in the lumbar spine and 83 (44.6%) had @entity2331 , whereas in the femoral neck, 26 @entity1 (14.0%) had @entity170 and 87 @entity1 (46.8%) had @entity2331 . The mean CACS was 57.6  108.3 in normal status, 89.7  143.5 in @entity170 , and 156.4  256.9 in @entity2331 at the spine (P<0.05). The mean CACS was 43.2  89.9 in normal status, 126.9  180.3 in @entity170 , and 198.2  301.2 in @entity2331 at the femoral neck (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that BMD was an independent marker for an increased risk of developing CAC in postmenopausal @entity1 . The multiple regression model showed that T-scores were the independent predictors of CACS. CONCLUSION: BMD identified on images from dual-energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry were strongly related to multidetector computed tomography measures of CAC. This low-cost, minimal radiation technique used widely for @entity170 screening is a promising marker of generalized @entity453 .

title: Association of coronary artery XXXX with bone mineral density in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['OP', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) with open hysterectomy in the management of @entity1204 . DESIGN: Retrospective chart review (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: Gynecologic @entity5 center. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity1204 managed between January 1, 1993, and June 30, 1999. INTERVENTIONS: Of 403 @entity1 reviewed, in 161 (40%) the surgical intention was laparoscopic management, in 230 (57%) the intention was open management, and in 12 (3%) it was vaginal hysterectomy. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was successfully completed in 153 (95%) of the laparoscopic group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean weight of @entity1 in the laparoscopic group (80.1 kg) was greater than that in the open group (73.3 kg, p = 0.002), and included 27 @entity1 weighing over 100 kg (maximum individual weight 170 kg). Mean operating times were 138 minutes for laparoscopy and 121 minutes for the open procedure (p = 0.002). Complications differed, with significantly more occurring in the open group (43%, 100) than in the laparoscopic group (17%, 27, p <0.00001). Mean postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter for the laparoscopic group (4.3 days) than for the open group (8.5 days, p = 0.0001). Conclusion. TLH combined with laparoscopic surgical staging has many advantages over the open approach, especially in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity1 with a small pharyngolaryngeal @entity5 (T1 and T2) with large nodal @entity3 is a subject of debate. We present data on the feasibility and outcome of treating these @entity1 with surgery for the nodal @entity3 followed by definitive radiotherapy. METHODS: Prospective study of 59 @entity1 of small pharyngolaryngeal primary @entity957 with operable (N2/N3) nodal @entity3 treated with neck dissection followed by radiotherapy. RESULTS: Complete nodal clearance was achieved in 54 (90%). The mean nodal size was 4 cm and extranodal extension was seen in 88% of @entity1 in the study group. There were no significant @entity260 . Median interval between surgery and radiotherapy was 23 days. Forty-nine @entity1 (83%) started their RT within 6 weeks of surgery. With a median follow-up of 25 months, the disease free and overall survival was 54% and 60% (5 years). CONCLUSION: The management of @entity1 with a radiocurable pharyngolaryngeal primary with large nodes by this approach is a feasible option with adequate control and survival.

title: Split therapy: planned neck dissection followed by definitive radiotherapy for a T1, T2 pharyngolaryngeal primary XXXX with operable N2, N3 nodal @entity3 --a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIM: Although extensively addressed in US registries, the utilization rate of Partial Nephrectomy has been poorly addressed in European settings. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of hospital volume on the use of @entity6841 for @entity7487 @entity703 . METHODS: 2526 @entity1 with cT1N0M0 @entity703 treated with either @entity6841 or radical nephrectomy at 10 European centres in the last decade were included in the analysis. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify significant changes over time in linear slope of the trend for each center. The correlation between yearly caseload and the slopes was assessed with the non-parametric Spearman test. Coincident pairwise tests and regression analyses were used to generate and compare the trends of high-volume (HV), mid-volume (MV) and low-volume (LV) groups. RESULTS: Yearly caseload was significantly associated with increased use of @entity6841 (R  =  0.69, p  =  0.028). The utilization rate of @entity6841 was stable at LV centres (p  =  0.67, p  =  0.7, p  =  0.76, for @entity7487 , cT1a, and cT1b @entity5 , respectively), while increased significantly at MV (p  =  0.002, 0.0005 and 0.007, respectively) and HV centers (all p  <  0.0001). Regression analysis confirmed the trends for HV and MV as significantly different from those observed in LV centres (all p  <=   0.002) and highlighted significant differences also between MV and HV centres (all p  <=   0.03). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the association between caseload and the use of @entity6841 for @entity7487 @entity5 . Our findings suggest that a minimum caseload might turn the tide also in LV centres while a selective referral to HV centers for cT1b @entity5 should be considered.

title: Trends in the use of partial nephrectomy for XXXX @entity703 : Analysis of a 10-yr European multicenter dataset.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity7487 :: (1489,Gene) :: ['cT1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity626 ( @entity626 ) is the most prevalent form of @entity571 . Low socioeconomic level, age, and @entity28 are directly correlated with the incidence of the disease. Education, exercise, and diet are the core recommendations of all @entity626 treatment guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a multiprofessional educational program on @entity1 with @entity626 . METHODS: Of a total of 198 @entity1 , 150 @entity1 with @entity626 attended 2 days of lectures (at 1- to 3-month intervals) and received educational material on @entity571 , and a control group (48 @entity1 ) received educational materials only. Body mass index (BMI), frequency, and intensity of physical activity, @entity158 , function, and quality-of-life scores were assessed at baseline and at 4 and 12 months after the educational program. Bimonthly telephone calls were made to half of the @entity1 . Correlations between BMI, level of education, coping skills, functional, and @entity158 results was procured. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of race, gender, affected side, and @entity571 severity. The results were not affected by the telephone calls or the @entity1 ' level of education. At baseline, 25 performed physical activity, whereas 123 performed at 1 year. Seventy-two (36.36%) @entity1 decreased BMI (45 by 1 point and 27 by more than 2 points). There were some weak correlations such as BMI reduction with @entity158 and functional improvements and with coping results. Significant improvements in function and quality of life were found at 4 months. Quality of life remained improved at 1 year. CONCLUSION: The effect of this educational program in function and quality of life of @entity1 with @entity626 is very subtle. Interval between classes (1, 2, or 3 months) is not an important issue.

title: One-Year Results of an Educational Program on XXXX : A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis', 'KOA']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: The patterning of the mesoderm of the sea @entity32245 embryo is a classical paradigm of epithelial mesenchymal interactions in organogenesis, yet little is known of its molecular basis. Here we address the role of the homeobox gene, SpMsx, a member of the highly conserved @entity46277 gene family, in this process. @entity46277 genes have been shown to function in the dorsoventral patterning of the central nervous system in @entity238 and in a variety epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in vertebrates. We showed previously that the SpMsx gene is expressed during embryogenesis in a complex and dynamic pattern consistent with roles in the development of subpopulations of endoderm, mesoderm, and oral ectoderm. To perturb this pattern of expression and thus probe the function of SpMsx, we injected SpMsx mRNA into single-cell zygotes and monitored development morphologically and with a series of territory-specific molecular markers. RT-PCR analysis revealed that injected SpMsx transcripts persisted at least until the gastrula stage in amounts comparable to endogenous levels. Injected embryos exhibited deficiencies in the organization of primary and secondary mesenchyme cells within the blastocoelic cavity, as well as abnormalities in spicule number and shape. Defects in the endoderm were also common, including reduced or absent archenterons. Micromere transplantation experiments revealed that the defects in skeletogenic mesenchyme patterning were non-cell autonomous, consistent with findings that cell-cell interactions between ectoderm and the progenitors of the skeletogenic mesenchyme, the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs), are important both for PMC guidance and spicule morphogenesis. Our data, taken together with observations in other organisms on the role of @entity46277 genes in embryonic signaling processes, particularly involving the @entity11453 pathway, suggest that SpMsx may be a part of the mechanism by which the ectoderm influences both the arrangement of primary mesenchyme cells within the blastocoel and the shapes of the skeletal rods.

title: Disruption of primary mesenchyme cell patterning by misregulated ectodermal expression of SpMsx in sea XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity32245 :: (38135(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['urchin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) selectively degrades mRNA transcripts that carry premature stop codons. @entity1547 is often triggered by @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) modifications introducing such codons. @entity1547 plays an important regulatory role in brain neurons, but the in vivo dynamics of @entity4373 and @entity1547 changes in @entity16 and under treatment were scarcely explored. RESULTS: Here, we report exon arrays analysis of leukocyte mRNA @entity4373 events prior to and following Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) neurosurgery, which efficiently improves the motor symptoms of @entity191 ( @entity191 ), the leading @entity717 , and is increasingly applied to treat other diseases. We also analyzed publicly available exon array dataset of whole blood cells from mixed early and advanced @entity191 @entity1 . Our in-house exon array dataset of leukocyte transcripts was derived from advanced @entity191 @entity1 ' pre- and post-DBS stimulation and matched healthy control volunteers. The mixed cohort exhibited 146 @entity4373 changes in 136 transcripts compared to controls, including 9 @entity1547 protein-level assessed events. In comparison, @entity191 @entity1 from our advanced cohort differed from healthy controls by 319 @entity4373 events in 280 transcripts, assessed as inducing 27 protein-level @entity1547 events. DBS stimulation induced 254 @entity4373 events in 229 genes as compared to the pre-DBS state including 44 @entity1547 inductions. A short, one hour electrical stimulus cessation caused 234 @entity4373 changes in 125 genes compared to ON-stimulus state, 22 of these were assessed for @entity1547 . Functional analysis highlighted disease-induced DNA damage and inflammatory control and its reversal under ON and OFF stimulus as well as @entity4373 in all the tested states. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings indicate a potential role for @entity1547 both in @entity191 and following electrical brain stimulation. Furthermore, our current observations entail future implications for developing therapies for @entity191 , and for interfering with the impaired molecular mechanisms that underlie @entity191 and other @entity16 , as well as DBS-treatable conditions in general.

title: Deep brain stimulation modulates nonsense-mediated RNA decay in @entity191 XXXX leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'alternative splicing']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative and neurological disorders', 'neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Nonsense-Mediated decay', 'NMD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ) were obtained by electrical stimulation of the volar surface of the @entity35 forepaw. Subcortical evoked potentials were recorded from the skull overlying the contralateral somatosensory area of the cortex. Additionally, spinal evoked potentials were simultaneously recorded from the dura overlying the dorsal surface of the spinal cord at C3 level. The subcortical @entity3325 consisted of three peaks I, II, and III which arise from the spinal cord, the brain stem and the thalamus, respectively. The spinal evoked potentials consisted of a negative-positive wave. The latency of the negative peak of the spinal evoked potentials matched the peak latency of component I of the subcortical @entity3325 . Six doses of intravenous (i.v.) @entity1286 were used: 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg. The spinal evoked potentials and components I and II of the subcortical @entity3325 were not significantly affected by @entity1286 whereas the amplitude of component III was inhibited (up to 50%) in a dose dependent manner. Optimal effect was achieved with the dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Microinjection of the optimal i.v. dose of @entity1286 (25 micrograms/kg) into the thalamus showed a similar effect on wave III of subcortical @entity3325 . The effect of @entity1286 was completely reversed by i.v. @entity1510 (0.25 mg/kg). In conclusion, these results indicate that the primary locus of @entity1286 action on the subcortical @entity3325 could be at the thalamic level.

title: XXXX inhibits the thalamic component of the subcortical somatosensory evoked potentials in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['SEPs', 'Somatosensory evoked potentials']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: The expression of the immediate early gene-encoded proteins c- @entity19505 , @entity19505 B, @entity35841 , @entity5019 , @entity5019 B and @entity11970 in central neurons following transection of, or inhibition of, axonal transport in their axons was investigated in the @entity35 using immunocytochemistry. Transection of the medial forebrain bundle, which produces an essentially complete axotomy of neurons in the ipsilateral mammillary nucleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area and parafascicularis, induced the expression of c- @entity19505 , @entity19505 D and, to a lesser extent, @entity11970 , in these nuclei. Microinjection of @entity3812 into the medial forebrain bundle to chemically inhibit axonal transport similarly induced the expression of these proteins in these areas. The expression of the proteins was first evident 24 h after transection, reached a maximum at 48 h and was still present after 10 days. However, after 30 days the proteins were absent from the substantia nigra, ventral tegmentum and parafascicularis, and were still present only in the mammillary nuclei. The other immediate early genes, @entity28140 , @entity5019 and @entity19506 , were never expressed above the basal levels seen in untreated @entity35 . Transection of the corpus callosum and the hippocampal commissure, which produces only a partial axotomy of neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, respectively, did not induce the expression of any of the genes in these neurons. Microinjection of @entity3812 or @entity5713 to produce a localized inhibition of axonal transport in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum also induced the expression of c- @entity19505 , @entity19505 D and, again to a lesser extent, @entity11970 , in neurons surrounding the injection site. In contrast to this selective expression, administration of the neuronal excitant @entity5093 induced the expression of all six immediate early gene proteins in central nervous system neurons. These results demonstrate that transection of, or inhibition of, transport in the axons of central neurons induces a particular pattern of expression of transcriptionally operating immediate early genes that may be related to the regenerative competency of the neurons.

title: Expression of immediate early gene proteins following axotomy and inhibition of axonal transport in the XXXX central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['metrazole']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1478 in the differential diagnosis of @entity26270 and @entity6020 . There is, however, little information about the range of stromal mitotic activity, stromal cellularity, and stromal atypia in benign @entity1478 , rendering the differential diagnosis with the aforementioned @entity5 problematic. In this study, the stroma of 66 @entity1127 1 cm or more in greatest dimension from 56 @entity1 was analyzed for stromal mitotic activity, cellularity, and atypia. Sixteen (24%) had an almost completely fibrotic stroma that had rare mitoses, little cellularity, and no atypia. However, 50 @entity1127 (76%) had stroma that was predominantly endometrial or was a mixture of @entity1478 and @entity82 . In these @entity1127 stromal mitoses were relatively common, averaging 1.2/10 MFs/HPFs (range, 0-5.8 MFs/10 HPFs). Stromal cellularity was frequently equal to or mildly increased over adjacent nonpolypoid endometrial stroma and mild nuclear atypia (enlarged stromal nuclei) was also common. Twelve @entity1127 (24%) from the group of 50 had two or more MFs/10 HPFs, a mitotic rate present in some @entity6020 . None of these @entity1127 had other features necessary for the diagnosis of @entity26270 or @entity6020 and follow-up in all @entity1 was uneventful (average follow-up, 96 months). It is concluded that benign @entity1127 that retain areas of @entity1478 often have mitotic activity and that significant stromal mitotic activity (> or = 2 MFs/HPFs) is relatively common. These @entity1127 do not have significant stromal atypia nor do they have a marked increase in stromal cellularity. Thus, in the absence of other supportive features, stromal mitotic activity alone should not be regarded as a worrisome finding.

title: The stromal component of large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous stroma']

entities_list: @entity6020 :: ('MESH:D018195', 'Disease') :: ['adenosarcoma', 'adenosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['Benign endometrial polyps belong', 'endometrial polyps', 'endometrial-type stroma']

entities_list: @entity26270 :: ('MESH:D000232', 'Disease') :: ['adenofibroma']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro studies suggest that mediators of @entity1850 are generated in the course of hemolytic transfusion reactions. Evidence for the in vivo significance of these findings is given by the present clinical and laboratory analysis of a severe delayed @entity9991 (DHTR). CASE REPORT: A 67-year-old @entity1 (blood group O, D-negative) with a negative pretransfusion antibody screen received a massive transfusion because of @entity548 (Day 1). The transfusion of group O, D-positive red cell concentrates was unavoidable because of limited supplies. At Day 10, the @entity1 developed a DHTR with symptoms of @entity137 and signs of @entity2142 ; he received an exchange transfusion. Serologic markers, as well as proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, were monitored at the onset of the DHTR and during the exchange transfusion. RESULTS: At Day 10, the direct antiglobulin test was positive; anti-D was present, most likely as the result of an anamnestic immune response. @entity1192 was not detectable; all other mediators monitored were elevated: @entity1193 , @entity5 @entity39 factor, @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , neopterin, elastase, C3a-des @entity534 , @entity23508 . Most of the values declined during the exchange transfusion, which was followed by an improvement of the clinical presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Mediators of @entity1850 were released in the course of a DHTR caused by anti-D. Severe clinical symptoms could be treated successfully by exchange transfusion.

title: Release of mediators of @entity1850 in the course of a severe delayed XXXX caused by anti-D.

entities_list: @entity23508 :: ('1401;2244', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['septic-toxic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['arterial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity9991 :: ('MESH:D065227', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic transfusion reaction']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity9991 :: (MESH:D065227,Disease) :: ['hemolytic transfusion reaction']


abstract: We followed @entity1 with pregnancy and @entity6 in an outpatient clinic. 240 had gestational @entity6 , 16 had @entity2175 . 85% of 110 @entity1 with gestational @entity6 had normal @entity413 tolerance test post partum ( @entity2178 ). @entity196 @entity1 were younger (25 years old) than @entity2178 (32) or type II (33) @entity1 . Complications frequently observed among @entity6 included @entity101 , @entity4942 and polyhydroamnios (the latter only among @entity2178 and type II @entity1 ). Insulin was required for @entity6 control in 14% of cases. Cesarean section was more frequent in @entity6 than in a control population (21%): @entity2178 45%, type II 45% and type I 60%. Larger newborns occurred in 21% of @entity2178 and 22% of type II as compared to 6% in controls. Neonatal mortality was 2.1% in @entity2178 @entity1 (0.8% in controls). Hyperbilirrubinemia, polyglobulia and @entity3747 were more frequent among newborns of @entity6 @entity1 .

title: [Clinical experience in XXXX and pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II and 5 type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4942 :: ('MESH:D005322', 'Disease') :: ['premature membrane rupture']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology leading to pulmonary side effects during haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration is not yet fully understood. Chronic microembolization, which can be demonstrated by pulsed Doppler ultrasound, may be one cause. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 24 long-term dialysis @entity1 undergoing haemodialysis (n=21) and online-haemodiafiltration (n=3), respectively. The subclavian vein downstream to the venous access was investigated during different phases of the procedure using a 2-MHz pulsed ultrasound device. RESULTS: In all periods investigated (connection, dialysis, disconnection), numerous @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) were found in the subclavian vein. The numbers of @entity7303 detected during haemodiafiltration (314-709 @entity7303 per 10 min) were higher than during haemodialysis (0-81 @entity7303 per 10 min). CONCLUSIONS: The composition (gaseous or solid) and origin (pump, tubing system or shunt) of the microemboli detected remains unclear. Chronic microembolization may be one cause of @entity358 of haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration. The detection method described in this article will help us to better understand this process and to determine what role microemboli might play in @entity6220 . It may also help to optimize the devices and techniques used.

title: Detection of microemboli in the subclavian vein of XXXX undergoing haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration using pulsed Doppler ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['microembolic signals', 'MES']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and central nervous system disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity6294 ( @entity6294 ) can reproduce either @entity458 (parthenogenetically), giving rise, in each case, to almost identical adults. These two modes of reproduction are accompanied by differences in ovarian morphology and the developmental environment of the offspring, with sexual forms producing eggs that are laid, whereas asexual development occurs within the mother. Here we examine the effect each mode of reproduction has on the expression of key maternal and axis patterning genes; @entity50103 ( @entity50103 ), @entity50104 ( @entity50104 ), caudal (cad) and nanos (nos). We show that three of these genes (Ap-hb, Ap- @entity50103 and Ap-cad) are expressed differently between the sexually and asexually produced oocytes and embryos of the @entity6294 . We also show, using immunohistochemistry and cytoskeletal inhibitors, that Ap-hb RNA is localized differently between sexually and asexually produced oocytes, and that this is likely due to differences in the 3' untranslated regions of the RNA. Furthermore, Ap-hb and Ap- @entity50103 have extensive expression domains in early sexually produced embryos, but are not expressed at equivalent stages in asexually produced embryos. These differences in expression likely correspond with substantial changes in the gene regulatory networks controlling early development in the @entity6294 . These data imply that in the evolution of parthenogenesis a new program has evolved to control the development of asexually produced embryos, whilst retaining the existing, sexual, developmental program. The patterns of modification of these developmental processes mirror the changes that we see in developmental processes between species, in that early acting pathways in development are less constrained, and evolve faster, than later ones. We suggest that the evolution of the novel asexual development pathway in aphids is not a simple modification of an ancestral system, but the evolution of two very different developmental mechanisms occurring within a single species.

title: The @entity6294 ( XXXX ) genome encodes two divergent early developmental programs.

entities_list: @entity6294 :: ('7029', 'Species') :: ['Acyrthosiphon pisum', 'pea aphid']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexually or asexually']

answer: @entity6294 :: (7029,Species) :: ['Acyrthosiphon pisum']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term prognostic significance of symptomatic ischaemia during exercise testing performed 3 weeks after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DESIGN: A prospective study with long-term follow-up. SETTING: A Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinic in a University Hospital. SUBJECTS: A total of 446 @entity1 were allowed to perform exercise testing 3 weeks after @entity583 and followed for 72 +/- 20 months. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into three groups according to whether they had no ECG evidence of ischaemia during exercise testing (334 @entity1 ), silent ischaemia (90 @entity1 ) or symptomatic ischaemia (22 @entity1 ). @entity204 was significantly more frequent in @entity1 with symptomatic ischaemia when compared with silent ischaemia (31.8% vs. 7.8%, P < 0.01) or when compared with no ischaemia (31.8% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.01). The three groups had a low cardiac mortality during the first 48 months of follow-up. The prognosis of @entity1 with symptomatic ischaemia worsens markedly thereafter. The results of exercise testing did not predict recurrence of @entity583 . Coronary revascularization was performed in 34.4% of those without ischaemia, 47.8% of those with silent ischaemia and 45.5% of those with symptomatic ischaemia (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with symptomatic ischaemia have a good prognosis during the first 4 years of follow-up. Their prognosis worsens thereafter as opposed to @entity1 with or without silent ischaemia. This high-risk group of @entity1 with symptomatic ischaemia deserves optimal management including revascularization when appropriate.

title: Exercise-induced symptomatic ischaemia predicts a poor long-term prognosis after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2598 causes a @entity7593 that is associated with high mortality in @entity1 . In the absence of effective therapies for @entity2598 , the development of a vaccine becomes an important strategy to contain outbreaks. Immunization with DNA and/or replication-defective adenoviral vectors (rAd) encoding the Ebola glycoprotein (GP) and nucleoprotein (NP) has been previously shown to confer specific protective immunity in nonhuman primates. GP can exert cytopathic effects on transfected cells in vitro, and multiple GP forms have been identified in nature, raising the question of which would be optimal for a @entity1 vaccine. METHODS AND FINDINGS: To address this question, we have explored the efficacy of mutant GPs from multiple @entity2598 strains with reduced in vitro cytopathicity and analyzed their protective effects in the primate challenge model, with or without NP. Deletion of the GP transmembrane domain eliminated in vitro cytopathicity but reduced its protective efficacy by at least one order of magnitude. In contrast, a point mutation was identified that abolished this cytopathicity but retained immunogenicity and conferred immune protection in the absence of NP. The minimal effective rAd dose was established at 10(10) particles, two logs lower than that used previously. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of specific GPs alone vectored by rAd are sufficient to confer protection against lethal challenge in a relevant nonhuman primate model. Elimination of NP from the vaccine and dose reductions to 10(10) rAd particles do not diminish protection and simplify the vaccine, providing the basis for selection of a @entity1 vaccine candidate.

title: Immune protection of nonhuman primates against XXXX with single low-dose adenovirus vectors encoding modified GPs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2598 :: ('MESH:D019142', 'Disease') :: ['Ebola virus', 'Ebola virus infection']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever syndrome']

answer: @entity2598 :: (MESH:D019142,Disease) :: ['Ebola virus']


abstract: AIM: A three-year retrospective study was performed to assess the place of the Pippi Salle bladder neck repair in the treatment of @entity1494 in both sexes in childhood. METHOD: All @entity1 who underwent the procedure between November 1995 and November 1998 were studied retrospectively. There were 18 @entity1 : 12 with @entity3570 , 5 with sacral agenesis and 1 with an idiopathic @entity1494 . There were 11 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 . Their age was 3-14 years (median 7 years) and the length of follow-up was 7 months to 3 years (median 2 years). A midline bladder wall flap was fashioned in all @entity1 . The procedure was performed alone (n = 5) or in combination with a sigmoid colocystoplasty (n = 9) or a Mitrofanoff catheterisable stoma (n = 2) or both (n = 2). RESULTS: Diurnal continence (3 hours or more) was achieved in 11 of the 18 @entity1 (61%); 2 are dry for 2-2.5 hours and 5 are incontinent. Eight of the 18 @entity1 (44%) are completely dry during the night, 2 are damp and 8 are incontinent. Twelve @entity1 (67%) needed @entity11440 to maintain a good result. Complications arose in 5 @entity1 (28%): difficulty with catheterisation (n = 4) and @entity530 (n = 1). Seven @entity1 (39%) subsequently required further operations: exploration of bladder for urine leak (n = 2), reinsertion of dislodged catheter (n = 1), @entity530 (n = 1), bladder neck injection with macroplastique (n = 1) and bladder neck closure (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: The Pippi Salle bladder neck repair has an undoubted place in the management of neurogenic @entity322 in childhood. However, in our experience, it has a relatively high complication rate and failure rate.

title: The Pippi Salle procedure for neurogenic XXXX in childhood: a three-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'neurogenic bladder incontinence']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of pelvic abscess', 'pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: In a retrospective study, 16 of 80 mothers of chronic DSM III-R schizophrenics reported having had a serious @entity166 during pregnancy. Eleven of the @entity281 had occurred during the second trimester. @entity683 and the common cold with @entity221 were frequent. Ten of 80 female controls also recalled having had an @entity166 during pregnancy. Compared to the controls, mothers of schizophrenics reported more @entity166 during pregnancy, particularly during the fifth month of gestation (p < 0.05). Mothers of familial and of sporadic DSM III-R schizophrenics reported @entity281 in pregnancy. In contrast, when Leonhard's classification of psychoses was applied, significant differences appeared. Infections during pregnancy were scarcely found in unsystematic schizophrenics (mainly genetically determined according to Leonhard). In systematic schizophrenics (mainly exogenously determined according to Leonhard), a significantly higher frequency of @entity166 was reported for the second trimester as compred both to controls (p < 0.01) and to unsystematic schizophrenics (p < 0.001). Infections during the fifth month of gestation were exclusively reported in systematic schizophrenics. Thus, in the systematic forms of @entity281 during the second trimester and particularly during the fifth month of gestation seem to play an important role in the etiology and seem to be of causal importance for the various cytoarchitectural abnormalities detected in the central nervous system of schizophrenics.

title: [Pregnancy XXXX in mothers of chronic schizophrenic patients. The significance of differential nosology].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia infections', 'infections', 'equal frequencies of infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'infectious illness', 'infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity302 is a major manifestation of @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ). @entity2239 is an @entity1 target of @entity3446 complex 1 inhibitor with demonstrated benefit in several aspects of @entity2916 . We report the first prospective @entity1 clinical trial to directly assess whether @entity2239 will also benefit @entity302 in @entity2916 @entity1 . METHODS: The effect of @entity2239 on @entity410 control was assessed using a prospective, multicenter, open-label, phase I/II clinical trial. @entity1 >= 2 years of age with confirmed diagnosis of @entity2916 and medically @entity302 were treated for a total of 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was percentage of @entity1 with a >= 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency over a 4-week period before and after treatment. Secondary endpoints assessed impact on electroencephalography (EEG), behavior, and quality of life. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 were enrolled, and 20 @entity1 were treated with @entity2239 . @entity410 frequency was reduced by >= 50% in 12 of 20 subjects. Overall, @entity410 were reduced in 17 of the 20 by a median reduction of 73% (p<0.001). @entity410 frequency was also reduced during 23-hour EEG monitoring (p=0.007). Significant reductions in @entity410 duration and improvement in parent-reported behavior and quality of life were also observed. There were 83 reported adverse events that were thought to be treatment-related, all of which were mild or moderate in severity. INTERPRETATION: @entity410 control improved in the majority of @entity2916 @entity1 with medically @entity302 following treatment with @entity2239 . @entity2239 demonstrated additional benefits on behavior and quality of life. Treatment was safe and well tolerated. @entity2239 may be a therapeutic option for @entity302 in this population.

title: XXXX treatment of @entity302 in @entity2916 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: Trends in mortality from @entity1086 and bile ducts over the period 1965-1989 were analysed for 25 European countries on the basis of official death certifications from the World Health Organization databank. A high-mortality area--i.e. with overall death certification rates, world standard, around or over 2/100,000 @entity1 and 4/100,000 @entity1 in 1985-1989--was identified in Germany and the surrounding central European countries (Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland). The highest rates were in Hungary (3.9/100,000 @entity1 and 7.4/100,000 @entity1 ). During the two decades considered, rates increased in Czechoslovakia and Hungary, remained stable in Poland and declined in Austria and Germany. Intermediate-mortality areas included Scandinavian countries (except Norway) and Switzerland: their rates in the late 1980s were between 1.5 and 2.5/100,000 @entity1 and between 2.2 and 4.2/100,000 @entity1 . Mortality increased in Finland and Sweden, declined in the Netherlands and Switzerland, and did not change consistently in Denmark. Low-mortality countries (i.e. with rates in 1985-1989 below 2.0/100,000 @entity1 and 2.5/100,000 @entity1 ) included Belgium, France, Britain, Ireland, Norway, Bulgaria and Mediterranean countries. Over the last two decades, certification rates declined in Bulgaria and Great Britain, but increased in all other countries. The ratio between the countries with the highest and @entity1086 mortality rates declined from 21 to 12 in @entity1 , although they remained stable around 10 for @entity1 . The pattern was similar when analysis was restricted to truncated rates from @entity1 aged between 35 and 64 years. These trends, and particularly the exceedingly high rates in central Europe, the low rates in Mediterranean countries and the low and declining rates in Britain and Ireland are discussed in terms of known ( @entity2963 ) or potential (dietary) factors in @entity1086 aetiology, and of trends in cholecystectomy rates.

title: Descriptive epidemiology of XXXX in Europe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['lowest gall-bladder cancer', 'cancer of the gall-bladder', 'gall-bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gall-bladder cancer']


abstract: A prospective long-term follow-up study was performed with conventional divided doses (group C: 10 mg 3 times daily, N = 58) and a small single daily dose (group S: 15 mg once daily, N = 54) of @entity3937 ( @entity3936 ) for the treatment of Graves' @entity1378 . Within 8 weeks, almost 80% of the @entity1 in both groups became euthyroid. The mean time required to achieve a euthyroid state was 5.6 +/- 2.7 weeks in group C and 5.8 +/- 3.1 in group S. TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) levels before therapy were 44.2 +/- 22.7% and 47.1 +/- 23.9% in group C and group S, respectively. A similar gradual fall in TBII levels was observed in both groups over a two-year period of treatment. MMI doses were gradually reduced to a maintenance dose (5 mg daily) after the @entity1 became euthyroid. The @entity1 were treated for 28 +/- 9 months and were followed up after therapy was stopped (observation period in @entity1 who remained in remission was 12-130 (75 +/- 34) months and the interval to relapse in recurred cases was 1-98 (20 +/- 27) months). The rates of recurrence in group C were 41% at 1 yr, 54% at 2 yrs, 56% at 4 yrs and 61% at 6 yrs. In group S, these were 44%, 53%, 56% and 63%, respectively. No differences between relapse rates were observed with the two different dosage regimens. Adverse effects occurred more frequently in group C @entity1 (24%) than in group S @entity1 (13%). These results show that there is no difference in the clinical and immunological course or in the long-term remission rate of Graves' @entity1378 when the treatment is initiated with either a small single daily dose (15 mg) or the conventional regimen (10 mg 3 times daily).

title: Treatment of XXXX with a small single daily dose of @entity3937 : a prospective long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity250 is a frequent disorder associated to @entity15 , that contributes to the worsening of life quality of these @entity1 . AIM: To ascertain how it is managed in a @entity17 unit. @entity1 AND METHODS: It was done an anonymous poll to @entity15 @entity1 in a @entity17 unit. The following variables were analysed: age, sex, marital status, education degree, @entity250 , gait disturbances and duration of illness. RESULTS: 67 of 97 @entity1 answered. 74.6% females. Average age was 43.7 years. Average developing time was 11.3 years. 58% of the @entity1 had @entity409 . 43% had @entity250 . There was relation with statistical significance between @entity250 but not among the rest of variables. 63% of the @entity1 with @entity250 had never talked about this problem with their doctors. That the @entity1 talked about @entity250 was related with the fact that the neurologist asked for or not, and if @entity250 was an important problem for the @entity1 . The neurologist had asked for dysfunction sexual symptoms to 30% of the @entity1 , and this was more frequent if the @entity1 was male and if he or she had gait disturbances. CONCLUSIONS: @entity250 is a frequent and important problem for @entity1 with @entity15 . According to our results, this problem is raised up in an insufficient manner as much for @entity1 as for neurologists.

title: [ @entity250 management in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['vesical dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunction, vesical dysfunction', 'sexual and vesical dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is still unclear whether the clinicopathological and outcome characteristics of vascular invasion (VI) (+) @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) differ from VI (-) @entity3557 . This study aims to establish distinguishing features of @entity1 with VI (+) and VI (-) @entity3557 and to investigate the biological and clinical @entity146 of the disease in these @entity1 groups. DESIGN: A matched-case comparative study. METHODS: 412 @entity1 (VI (+) @entity3557 study group n=103, and VI (-) @entity3557 control group n=309). These two @entity1 groups were matched 1:3 for variables of age, gender, histological variants, @entity5 /node/ @entity3 (TNM) staging and approximate duration of follow-up. Clinicopathological factors and prognosis were compared across the two @entity1 groups. RESULTS: The median age at the time of diagnosis was 42.0   years, and 68.9% were females. Across the @entity1 groups, the incidence of @entity5 multifocality in @entity1 with VI (+) @entity3557 was slightly higher than in those with VI (-) @entity3557 (p=0.049). In addition, when undergoing more aggressive therapy regimens @entity1 with VI (+) @entity3557 showed decreased distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), but not regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) compared with @entity1 who were VI (-). VI was found to be an independent predictor of DRFS, combined with @entity5 size >3   cm and total thyroidectomy. CONCLUSIONS: VI was an independent risk factor for DRFS, necessitating the need for appropriate postoperative treatment and careful follow-up.

title: Vascular invasion is an independent prognostic factor for distant recurrence-free survival in XXXX : a matched-case comparative study.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1286 , a mu-opioid receptor agonist, is a commonly prescribed treatment for @entity158 . Although highly efficacious, @entity1286 has many unwanted side effects including disruption of sleep and obtundation of wakefulness. One mechanism by which @entity1286 alters sleep and wakefulness may be by modulating GABAergic signaling in brain regions regulating arousal, including the pontine reticular nucleus, oral part ( @entity25845 ). This study used in vivo microdialysis in unanesthetized @entity35 to test the hypothesis that mu-opioid receptors modulate @entity25845 @entity1246 levels. Validation of the high performance liquid chromatographic technique used to quantify @entity1246 was obtained by dialyzing the @entity25845 (n=4 @entity35 ) with the @entity1246 reuptake inhibitor @entity7230 (500 microM). Nipecotic acid caused a 185+/-20% increase in @entity25845 @entity1246 levels, confirming chromatographic detection of @entity1246 and demonstrating the existence of functional @entity1246 transporters in @entity35 @entity25845 . @entity1286 caused a concentration-dependent decrease in @entity25845 @entity1246 levels (n=25 @entity35 ). Coadministration of @entity1286 (100 microM) with @entity1510 (1 microM), a mu-opioid receptor antagonist, blocked the @entity1286 -induced decrease in @entity25845 @entity1246 levels (n=5 @entity35 ). These results show for the first time that mu-opioid receptors in @entity35 @entity25845 modulate @entity1246 levels. A second group of @entity35 (n=6) was used to test the hypothesis that systemically administered @entity1286 also decreases @entity25845 @entity1246 levels. I.v. @entity1286 caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease (19%) in @entity25845 @entity1246 levels relative to control i.v. infusions of saline. Finally, microinjections followed by 2 h recordings of electroencephalogram and electromyogram tested the hypothesis that @entity25845 @entity1286 administration disrupts sleep (n=8 @entity35 ). @entity1286 significantly (P<0.05) increased the percent of time spent in wakefulness (65%) and significantly (P<0.05) decreased the percent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (-53%) and non-REM sleep (-69%). The neurochemical and behavioral data suggest that @entity1286 may disrupt sleep, at least in part, by decreasing GABAergic transmission in the @entity25845 .

title: Sleep and @entity1246 levels in the oral part of @entity35 pontine reticular formation are decreased by local and systemic administration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7230 :: ('MESH:C030278', 'Chemical') :: ['nipecotic acid']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rat', 'rats']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: Early surgical management of @entity3330 ( @entity3330 ) is considered the standard but @entity1 are still treated nonsurgically. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of management of @entity3330 in a large population based data base. METHODS: Data were obtained from a statewide hospital discharge data base for 1989-1992. Adults having a @entity3330 were stratified by @entity2992 ( @entity2992 < 15 vs. @entity2992 > or = 15) and management (nonsurgical, surgery within 1 day, surgery at 2-4 days, or surgery at > 4 days). Mortality rates and mean length of hospital stay were compared among groups. RESULTS: 2805 @entity1 had FSFs: 69% were managed surgically and 31% nonsurgically. Mortality was higher for nonsurgical therapy in both @entity2992 groups. In the surgically treated groups, length of hospitalization increased as delay to surgery increased. In @entity1 with an @entity2992 > or = 15, repair at 2-4 days was associated with the lowest mortality and shortest hospitalization, while a trend to higher mortality and longer hospitalization was noted with repair within 1 day. CONCLUSION: 31% of @entity1 were treated nonsurgically with higher associated mortality. These results support "early" surgical fixation, which can shorten hospital stay without increasing mortality regardless of overall injury severity. The trend toward higher mortality in severely injured @entity1 operated on within 1 day of admission suggests that this group warrants further study and individualized management.

title: Incidence, management, and outcome of XXXX : a statewide population-based analysis of 2805 adult @entity1 in a rural state.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['FSF', 'femoral shaft fracture']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral shaft fracture']


abstract: The pattern of spread of @entity3821 associated with mammary @entity4261 has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the site of origin and the pattern of @entity5 spread with a three-dimensional view by serial sectioning of the tissue blocks from 19 cases of @entity4261 . @entity3821 in the superficial portion of the lactiferous ducts was seen in continuity with the overlying epidermis with @entity4261 in all 19 cases. In seven cases that had adequate tissue sampling, five showed a continuous pattern of the @entity3821 within the superficial as well as the deep breast tissue. In the remaining two cases, a portion of benign duct was identified between the @entity3821 in the superficial lactiferous duct and the deep breast tissue. This discontinuous pattern of spread of the @entity3821 was also identified in the foci of @entity189 in deep tissue. In the five cases in which the @entity5 involved the skin and only the superficial portions of the lactiferous duct, the leading edge of the @entity3821 was seen orientated in the direction of the nipple towards the deep breast tissue. Our study of @entity4261 demonstrated that in addition to @entity5 spread along the lactiferous ducts from @entity3821 in the deep tissue towards the nipple, there was a group of @entity4261 arising from the nipple. These lesions included: (i) lesions limited to the areolar tissue; and (ii) lesions with @entity3821 involving the duct system in both superficial and deep breast tissue with and, possibly, without @entity13425 areas pattern of spread. Although certain cases of @entity4261 may appear superficial, an independent associated @entity189 in deep breast tissue has to be ruled out.

title: Mammary Paget's disease: evidence of diverse origin of the disease with a subgroup of XXXX developing from the superficial portion of lactiferous duct and a discontinuous pattern of @entity5 spread.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Intraductal carcinoma', 'intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-grade @entity633 is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. Our aim was to investigate the association between low-grade @entity633 and carotid @entity731 in community-based @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 475 community-based @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (190 males and 285 females) with normal urinary albumin-to- @entity1011 ratios (UACR) (< 3.5 mg/mmol) from Shanghai, China. The subjects were stratified into tertiles based on UACR levels (the lowest tertile was UACR    <=   1.19 mg/mmol, and the highest tertile was UACR   >=    2 mg/mmol). @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ), carotid @entity731 formation and @entity850 were assessed and compared among the three groups based on ultrasonography. The urinary albumin excretion rate was determined as the mean of the values obtained from three separate early morning urine samples. RESULTS: Compared with the subjects with UACR in the lowest tertile, the subjects with UACR in the middle and highest tertiles had greater @entity1004 values (0.88        0.35 mm, 0.99        0.43 mm and 1.04        0.35 mm, respectively; all p   <   0.05) and a higher prevalence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (25.3%, 39.0% and 46.2%, respectively; all p   <   0.05) after adjusting for sex and age. Fully adjusted multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses revealed that UACR tertiles were significantly associated with elevated @entity1004 (p   =   0.007) and that, compared with the subjects in the first tertile of UACR, those in the second and third tertiles had 1.878- and 2.028-fold risk of carotid plaques, respectively. However, there was no statistical association between UACR tertile and the prevalence of @entity543 . CONCLUSIONS: Higher UACR within the normal range was independently associated with early but not late carotid @entity731 in community-based @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Low-grade @entity633 contributes to the risk of @entity2998 and may be used as an early marker for the detection of @entity731 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Low-grade @entity633 is associated with early but not late carotid @entity731 in community-based @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['Carotid intima-media thickness', 'CIMT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The number of @entity1 in nontraditional families is growing. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of family structure on the course of childhood @entity134 -sensitive @entity3441 (SSNS). Sixteen @entity1 , 2-15 years of age, with SSNS were enrolled in the study. The effects of family structure (traditional versus nontraditional) on the number of hospitalizations and outpatient visits for the previous 2 years and disease relapses for the preceding year were evaluated. Behavior differences were assessed using the @entity1 Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Of the 16 families, 9 were traditional and 7 nontraditional. Hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and behavior were not different between family groups. However, @entity1 from nontraditional homes relapsed 3 times more than @entity1 from traditional homes (P=0.003). We conclude that @entity1 with SSNS from nontraditional homes may be at risk for more relapses compared with @entity1 from traditional families. Heightened support and monitoring is necessary for these @entity1 .

title: Family structure and the course of XXXX -sensitive nephrotic syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To provide a quantitative description of factors independently predictive of reported @entity281 in two national cohorts of British @entity1 . DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study design employing logistic regression analysis of data obtained in the 1970 British Births Survey (later to become the @entity1 Health and Education Study, CHES), and the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (later to become the National @entity1 Development Survey, NCDS). SETTINGS: One-week birth cohorts covering the whole of the United Kingdom. @entity1 : Data were obtained from questionnaires administered to the carers of 10,196 @entity1 born in the UK between 5 and 11 April 1970 (CHES) and 10,927 @entity1 born in the UK between 3 and 9 March 1958 (NCDS). These numbers consist of the whole of the surviving cohorts excluding those for whom data were incomplete. MEASUREMENTS: Biological, social, and medical factors in the parents and @entity1 , as recorded by the @entity1 's principle carer or from clinical notes. MAIN RESULTS: Chickenpox by the age of 10 years was reported to be more common in the @entity1 of advantaged families (higher social class, higher parental education levels), with a higher prevalence in those parts of the United Kingdom normally associated with affluence, such as the South East and South West of England, and lower rates in Wales and Scotland. Chickenpox by 10 years was also associated with more crowding in the home. A similar but less marked pattern occurred for @entity992 by the age of 11 years in the 1958 NCDS cohort. This social distribution apparently reflected overall rather than age-specific susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: The national and international pattern of @entity992 epidemiology indicate that both social and climatological factors may be important in defining groups at risk. Further research is indicated if a vaccination service is to be implemented in this country.

title: Social epidemiology of XXXX in two British national cohorts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chickenpox infections']

entities_list: @entity992 :: ('MESH:D002644', 'Disease') :: ['chickenpox']

answer: @entity992 :: (MESH:D002644,Disease) :: ['chickenpox']


abstract: We conducted a prospective controlled study of the clinical and biological determinants of the @entity854 in 139 @entity1 with @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) and 55 @entity1 without @entity5011 placed in the intensive care unit (ICU controls). There were mental status changes in 31% of @entity5011 @entity1 and in 16% of controls (odds ratio = 2.3; P = 0.04). In @entity5011 @entity1 , they included vivid dreams (19%), @entity10582 (30%, including an illusory body tilt), @entity1833 (60%, mainly visual) and delusions (70%, mostly paranoid). They appeared a median 9 days after disease onset (range 1-40 days, during the progression or the plateau of the disease), and lasted a median 8 days. Seven (16%) @entity1 experienced the symptoms before their admission to the ICU. @entity1833 were frequently hypnagogic, occurring as soon as the @entity1 closed their eyes. @entity5433 , assisted ventilation and high CSF protein levels were significant risk factors for abnormal mental status in @entity5011 @entity1 . CSF hypocretin-1 (a @entity1640 in @entity2724 ) levels, measured in 20 @entity1 , were lower in @entity5011 @entity1 with @entity1833 (555 +/- 132 pg/ml) than in those without (664 +/- 71 pg/ml, P = 0.03). Since the @entity854 had dream-like aspects, we examined their association with rapid eye @entity10522 ( @entity1949 sleep) using continuous sleep monitoring in 13 @entity5011 @entity1 with (n = 7) and without (n = 6) @entity1833 and 6 tetraplegic ICU controls without @entity1833 . Although sleep was short and fragmented in all groups, @entity1949 sleep latency was shorter in @entity5011 @entity1 with @entity1833 (56 +/- 115 min) than in @entity5011 @entity1 without @entity1833 (153 +/- 130 min) and in controls (207 +/- 179 min, P < 0.05). In addition, sleep structure was highly abnormal in hallucinators, with sleep onset in @entity1949 sleep periods (83%), @entity2358 during non- @entity1949 sleep (57%), high percentages of @entity1949 sleep without atonia (92 +/- 22%), @entity1319 and @entity5433 (100%), reminiscent of a status dissociatus. The @entity25 , that were almost absent in non-hallucinated @entity5011 @entity1 , were not exclusively related to ICU conditions, since they also appeared out of ICU, and were reversible, disappearing when the @entity854 vanished while the @entity1 were still in ICU. In conclusion, the @entity854 experienced by @entity5011 @entity1 are different from the ICU @entity933 , are strongly associated with @entity5433 , severe forms of the disease and possibly with a transitory hypocretin-1 transmission decrease. Sleep studies suggest that @entity854 are wakeful dreams caused by a sleep and dream-associated disorder (status dissociatus).

title: Vivid dreams, @entity1833 , psychosis and @entity1949 sleep in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic neuropeptide deficient']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal eye movements']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations', 'Hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['mental status abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic dysfunction', 'autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep behaviour disorders']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidences suggest that @entity5 growth and @entity3 depend on angiogenesis. At present, plenty of efforts are made to discover a chemical compound that specifically inhibits @entity5 angiogenesis either by reducing pro-angiogenic factor or increasing anti-angiogenic factors. OBJECT: @entity21926 , a novel, synthetic, potential inhibitor of angiogenesis specifically blocks the @entity12186 / @entity12186 @entity669 kinase activity. In vivo effect of @entity21926 in the treatment of @entity5 has not been previously described. METHODS: We transplanted GS-9L cells into the right caudate nucleus of male Fisher 344 @entity35 and administrated @entity21926 intraperitoneally (i.p.) to investigate the impact of @entity21926 on @entity5 angiogenesis and growth in vivo. Starting on Day 1 or Day 8, forty-two animals were treated with @entity21926 at three different doses (e.g. 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg body weight) via i.p. injection every day until the end-point. As a control, seven animals received no treatment and after implant fourteen animals were treated with vehicle ( @entity3733 ) only. RESULTS: @entity21926 prolonged the survival in the treated groups without any significant systemic adverse effect. Median survival in the treated group started on Day.1 was statistically longer compared to that in the control groups (p<0.01). Histological analysis of the treated @entity5 showed an increase in necroses and reduced in vascularity compared to the control @entity5 . Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells increased in the treated @entity5 on a TUNEL stain. CONCLUSION: Small molecular compounds, such as @entity21926 may be useful therapeutics that specifically inhibits the enzymatic activity of @entity12186 kinase and downstream events of @entity5 angiogenesis.

title: @entity12186 specific kinase inhibitor ( XXXX ) inhibited the growth of GS-9L glioma in @entity35 brain and prolonged the survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity21926 :: (MESH:C116890,Chemical) :: ['SU5416']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective comparative cohort study. OBJECTIVE: Examine the impact of @entity11375 on return to work (RTW) status and compare RTW status after multi- versus single-level cervical fusion for @entity1 with work-related injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1 with work-related injuries in the workers' compensation systems have less favorable surgical outcomes. Cervical fusion provides a greater than 90% likelihood of relieving @entity614 and stabilizing or improving @entity602 . However, more levels fused at index surgery are reportedly associated with poorer surgical outcomes than @entity302 . METHODS: Data was collected from the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (BWC) between 1993 and 2011. The study population included @entity1 who underwent cervical fusion for @entity614 . Two groups were constructed ( @entity11375 [ @entity11375 ] vs. @entity302 [ @entity302 ]). Outcomes measures evaluated were: RTW criteria, RTW <1year, reoperation, surgical complication, disability, and legal litigation after surgery. RESULTS: After accounting for a number of independent variables in the regression model, @entity11375 was a negative predictor of successful RTW status within 3-year follow-up after surgery (OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.95, P<0.05).RTW criteria were met 62.9% of @entity302 group compared with 54.8% of @entity11375 group. The odds of having a stable RTW for @entity11375 @entity1 were 0.71% compared with the @entity302 @entity1 (95% CI: 0.61-0.83; P: 0.0001).At 1 year after surgery, RTW rate was 53.1% for the @entity302 group compared with 43.7% for the @entity11375 group. The odds of RTW within 1 year after surgery for the @entity11375 group were 0.69% compared with @entity302 @entity1 (95% CI: 0.59-0.80; P: 0.0001).Higher rate of disability after surgery was observed in the @entity11375 group compared with the @entity302 group (P: 0.0001) CONCLUSION.: Multilevel cervical fusion for @entity614 was associated with poor return to work profile after surgery. Multilevel cervical fusion was associated with lower RTW rates, less likelihood of achieving stable return to work, and higher rate of disability after surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Return to Work and Multilevel Versus Single-Level Cervical Fusion for XXXX in a Workers' Compensation Setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['multilevel fusion', 'MLF']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SLF', 'single-level fusion']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Radiculopathy']


abstract: We have isolated and sequenced the @entity291 cDNA ( @entity11732 ) counterpart of osteopontin. The cDNA is 1356 @entity2036 (nt) in length with an open reading frame of 834 nt, encoding a 278- @entity535 (aa) protein. Cell-free transcription and translation of @entity11732 RNA resulted in a major species of approx. 40 kDa in size, in agreement with the predicted size of the deduced aa sequence. Northern analysis of @entity291 @entity11732 RNA indicated the presence of the message in mineralized, as well as soft tissues. A comparison of the deduced aa sequence among various species indicates both regions of similarity and divergence. One prominent region of dissimilarity in @entity291 @entity11732 compared to all other species is a 22-aa gap which may represent a loss of a potential @entity141 -binding loop. Despite the variability among the species, several regions of conservation are apparent, including a hydrophobic leader sequence, a potential site for @entity2734 -linked glycosylation, a stretch of @entity17468 residues, and the cell attachment @entity11599 tripeptide. Whether @entity291 @entity11732 enhances cell attachment is unknown. Furthermore, whether the loss of a potential @entity141 -binding loop alters the function of @entity11732 would be interesting to determine.

title: The cDNA cloning and RNA distribution of XXXX osteopontin.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity17468 :: ('MESH:C017645', 'Chemical') :: ['polyaspartic acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mechanisms underlying bleeding in nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 remain unclear. Previous investigators have suggested a relationship between nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 and primitive venous drainage of the basal vein of Rosenthal. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the relation between primitive basal vein of Rosenthal drainage and nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search of all studies examining the prevalence of primitive basal vein of Rosenthal drainage in @entity1 with @entity439 @entity510 and nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 . Data collected were primitive basal vein of Rosenthal drainage (direct connection of perimesencephalic veins into the dural sinuses instead of the Galenic system) in at least 1 cerebral hemisphere, normal bilateral basal vein of Rosenthal drainage systems, and the number of overall primitive @entity1211 in the nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 and @entity439 @entity510 groups. Statistical analysis was performed by using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Eight studies with 888 @entity1 (334 with nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 and 554 with @entity439 @entity510 ) and 1657 individual @entity1211 were included. @entity1 with nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 were more likely to have a primitive basal vein of Rosenthal drainage in at least 1 hemisphere (47.7% versus 22.1%; OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 2.15-5.08; P < .01) and were less likely to have bilateral normal basal vein of Rosenthal drainage systems than @entity1 with @entity439 @entity510 (18.3% versus 37.4%; OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.52; P < .01). When we considered individual @entity1211 , there were higher rates of primitive @entity1211 in @entity1 with nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 than in @entity1 with @entity439 @entity510 (34.9% versus 15.3%; OR, 3.90; 95% CI, 2.37-6.43; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 have a higher prevalence of primitive basal vein of Rosenthal drainage in at least 1 hemisphere than @entity1 with @entity439 @entity510 . This finding suggests a venous origin of some nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic SAHs. A primitive basal vein of Rosenthal pattern is an imaging finding that has the potential to facilitate the diagnosis of nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic @entity510 .

title: Nonaneurysmal Perimesencephalic Hemorrhage Is Associated with Deep Cerebral XXXX : A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous systems']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous Drainage Anomalies']


abstract: We investigated the treatment effect of psychodynamic short-term therapy complemented with bodywork on @entity1 who presented with @entity221 at the Research Clinic for Holistic Medicine in Copenhagen. Psychodynamic short-term therapy was complemented with bodywork (Marion Rosen) to help @entity1 confront old emotional @entity158 from childhood @entity130 (s). @entity1 were measured with a five-item quality of life and health questionnaire (QOL5), a one-item questionnaire of self-assessed quality of life (QOL1), and four questions on self-rated ability to love and to function sexually, socially, and at work (ability to sustain a full-time job). Most of the @entity1 had @entity1118 that could not be alleviated with drugs. Results showed that 31 @entity1 with the experience of being severely physically ill (mostly from @entity1118 ), in spite of having consulted their own general practitioner, entered the study. The holistic approach and body therapy accelerated the therapy dramatically and no significant side effects were detected. After the intervention, 38.7% did not feel ill (1.73 < NNT < 4.58) (p = 0.05). Psychodynamic short-term therapy complemented with bodywork can help @entity1 . When the @entity1 responded to the therapy, the self-assessed mental health, relationship with partner, ability to work, self-assessed quality of life, relationships in general, measured QOL (with the validated questionnaire QOL5), and life's total state (mean of health, QOL and ability) were significantly improved, statistically and clinically. Most importantly, all aspects of life were improved simultaneously, due to induction of Antonovsky-salutogenesis. The @entity1 received in average 20 sessions over 14 months at a cost of 1600 @entity7634 . For the treatment responders, the treatment seemingly provided lasting benefits.

title: Clinical holistic medicine (mindful, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy complemented with bodywork) in the treatment of experienced XXXX and @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['physical illness']