abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmarketing surveillance that identifies @entity1 at high risk for receiving off-label medications will help ensure that the benefits of such treatment outweigh the risks. Because many off-label uses have little scientific support, tracking the extent to which they occur as well as the particular circumstances under which they occur is important. OBJECTIVE: To describe the drug-use pattern for @entity1 with @entity162 , and to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with off-label use of atypical antipsychotics before US Food and Drug Administration approval for this indication. METHODS: Using the PHARMetrics medical claims database, a total of 105,771 adult @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity162 were evaluated during the 5-year (1998-2002) study period. Study drugs included mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Off-label use of an atypical antipsychotic was defined as a @entity1 taking @entity1037 before March 2000 (when it received an indication for @entity162 ) or any other atypical antipsychotic during the entire study period. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio of receiving a drug off-label. RESULTS: Utilization of and reimbursement for atypical antipsychotics increased during the 5-year period. Of the 10.5% of @entity1 who took atypical antipsychotics, 7.1% took these drugs off-label. In addition, 11% of @entity1 received @entity1091 , 25% received other anticonvulsants, and 34% received antidepressants. Off-label use of atypical antipsychotics was associated with psychiatry specialist prescribers (odds ratio = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.44-1.59) and certain comorbidities, such as @entity734 (odds ratio = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.38-1.66), @entity148 (odds ratio = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14-1.26), @entity6 (odds ratio = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.16-1.37), @entity455 (odds ratio = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10-1.45), and @entity101 (odds ratio = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.20). Over time, there has been an increase in the number of drug therapies, including atypical antipsychotics, used to treat @entity162 . CONCLUSION: Because of the significant association found between atypical antipsychotic use and several key comorbidities, it is important for physicians to recognize these associations and weigh the risks and benefits of atypical antipsychotics in their treatment strategies.

title: Use pattern and off-label use of atypical antipsychotics in XXXX , 1998-2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of metabolic parameters obtained by @entity419 PET/CT for preoperative stratification of high-risk and low-risk @entity1204 . METHODS: Preoperative @entity419 PET/CT was performed in 56 @entity1 with @entity1204 . Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary @entity5 were compared with clinicopathological features of surgical specimens. Diagnostic performance in terms of differentiation of low-risk disease (endometrioid histology, histological grade 1 or 2, invasion of less than half of the myometrium, and FIGO stage I) from high-risk disease was assessed. RESULTS: MTV and TLG were significantly higher in @entity1 with higher histological grade (p   =   0.0026 and p   =   0.034), larger @entity5 size (p   =   0.002 and p   =   0.0017), lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI; p   =   0.012 and p   =   0.0051), @entity3 (p   =   0.027 and p   =   0.031), cervical stromal invasion (p   =   0.023 and p   =   0.014), @entity43 (p   =   0.00022 and p   =   0.00034), lymph node @entity3 (p   <   0.0001 and p   <   0.0001), and higher FIGO stage (p   =   0.0011 and p   =   0.00048). SUVmax was significantly higher in @entity1 with larger @entity5 size (p   =   0.0025), LVSI (p   =   0.00023) and @entity3 (p   <   0.0001). The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for distinguishing high-risk from @entity189 were 0.625, 0.829 and 0.797 for SUVmax, MTV and TLG, respectively. AUCs for both MTV and TLG were significantly larger than that for SUVmax (p   =   0.0049 and p   =   0.021). The optimal TLG cut-off value of 70.2, determined by ROC analysis, was found to have 72.0  % sensitivity and 74.2  % specificity for risk stratification. CONCLUSION: MTV and TLG of primary @entity1204 show better correlations with clinicopathological features and are more useful for differentiating high-risk from @entity189 than SUVmax.

title: Preoperative risk stratification using metabolic parameters of @entity419 PET/CT in XXXX with @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few cost-effectiveness analyses have been conducted on topical therapies for @entity483 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare cost-effectiveness of high-potency topical corticosteroids (HPTCs) and @entity1140 ointment for the treatment of moderate to severe @entity483 for @entity1 who are not responsive to or not well controlled with mid-potency topical corticosteroids. METHODS: A Markov model represented the cyclic nature of @entity483 . Clinical outcomes were derived from published literature. "Efficacy" was defined as disease-controlled days on which @entity1 experienced a greater than 75% improvement in their disease. Resource use and changes in management were on the basis of opinions of a physician panel; secondary treatment was an oral antibiotic with topical corticosteroids. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for all variables. RESULTS: The model was sensitive to duration of continuous treatment with HPTCs. HPTCs, when limited to 2-week treatment cycles, were associated with the highest total costs ( 1682 per year) and the least efficacy (185 disease-controlled days). HPTCs in 4-week treatment intervals and @entity1140 ointment were similar in total costs and efficacy ( 1317 vs  1323 for 194 vs 190 disease-controlled days, respectively). Although primary drug costs were higher for @entity1 treated with @entity1140 ointment, @entity1 treated with regimens of HPTCs incurred higher secondary drug costs. CONCLUSION: In the base case analyses, @entity1140 ointment was more cost-effective than HPTCs administered in 2-week treatment cycles, and similar in cost-effectiveness to 4-week cycles of HPTCs.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of XXXX ointment versus high-potency topical corticosteroids in adults with moderate to severe @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of cold loop hysteroscopic myomectomy in a large series of cases. DESIGN: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force Classification III). SETTING: Arbor Vitae Center for Endoscopic Gynecology, Rome, Italy. @entity1 : A total of 1215 @entity1 with 1 or more @entity1868 . INTERVENTION: Cold loop hysteroscopic myomectomy. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1690 @entity1868 were removed. A minimum of 1 to a maximum of 5 fibroids for each surgical procedure were totally removed. Out of 1215 @entity1 , 1017 (83.7%) were treated with a single surgical procedure. Twelve @entity3816 occurred (0.84%). No cases of uterine perforation with the thermal loop or clinical intravasation syndrome were reported. CONCLUSION: Cold loop hysteroscopic myomectomy seems to represent a safe and effective procedure for the @entity1868 with intramural development, while at the same time respecting the anatomic and functional integrity of the myometrium. The use of a cold loop in resectoscopic myomectomy is associated with a low rate of @entity3816 and an absence of major complications. This could be of primary relevance with a view to fertility and future pregnancies.

title: Is Cold Loop Hysteroscopic Myomectomy a Safe and Effective Technique for the Treatment of XXXX With Intramural Development? A Series of 1434 Surgical Procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['myomas', 'G1-G2 submucous myomas', 'removal of submucous myomas']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications', 'minor intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity1868 :: (MESH:D009214,Disease) :: ['Submucous Myomas']


abstract: Teratospermia (>60% of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa) is well documented in felids. Even morphologically normal spermatozoa from teratospermic ejaculates have reduced ability to undergo @entity669 phosphorylation, acrosome react, and bind and penetrate oocytes compared with normospermic (<40% abnormal spermatozoa) counterparts. However, it is unknown whether fertilization deficiencies originate at a nuclear level. This study examined whether fertilization failure also was attributable to abnormal sperm chromatin, using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), @entity52 ( @entity52 ), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Aliquots of unprocessed and swim-up-processed (to isolate morphologically normal spermatozoa) spermatozoa from teratospermic and normospermic @entity468 were analyzed by the flow cytometric SCSA. Swim-up-processed sperm were incubated with in vivo-matured oocytes or used for ICSI. Teratospermic ejaculates expressed more (P < 0.05) chromatin heterogeneity (abnormal chromatin structure) than their normospermic counterparts, both in unprocessed and swim-up-processed samples. Fertilization success in vitro was higher (P < 0.05) from normo- compared with teratospermic inseminates. Similar (P > 0.05) proportions of oocytes fertilized after ICSI using spermatozoa from normo- and teratospermic @entity468 . Results reveal that teratospermia in the cat is expressed at the nuclear level as increased sperm chromatin heterogeneity, but ICSI showed that this does not apparently affect fertilization rates if the zona pellucida and oolemma can be bypassed.

title: Normospermic versus teratospermic XXXX sperm chromatin integrity evaluated by flow cytometry and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cats', 'cats']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['domestic cat']


abstract: @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) is the most common @entity1778 in adults in Western countries. @entity3118 -based regimens demonstrate higher response rates in younger @entity1 but have a significant risk of @entity281 and are thus poorly tolerated by older, frail patients. Anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibodies have added to the efficacy of chemotherapy in @entity1072 . Obinutuzumab is a potent Type II anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 and direct cell death compared with rituximab. In Phase I studies, infusion reactions and @entity1398 were the predominant @entity137 . Phase II studies demonstrated efficacy both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1072 . The CLL11 trial was a Phase III randomized trial of @entity5805 alone or with either obinutuzumab or rituximab in elderly, unfit @entity1 . Progression-free survival (the primary end point) was 26.7 months for @entity1 receiving obinutuzumab plus @entity5805 versus 16.3 months for those receiving rituximab plus @entity5805 and 11.1 months for those receiving @entity5805 alone (P<0.001). Overall survival was improved for @entity1 receiving obinutuzumab plus @entity5805 versus @entity5805 alone (P=0.002). This trial led to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of obinutuzumab in this @entity1 population.

title: Obinutuzumab treatment in the elderly @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There has been increasing use of CT scans globally. This increased use is not in itself of concern, and largely reflects the remarkable clinical benefits of CT. Inappropriate use of CT is, however, of concern, particularly as the potential for carcinogenic effects is yet to be fully understood. The first major media attention to @entity5 risk from CT scan arose from a series of papers and an Editorial published in AJR in 2001. This was followed by another series of papers in 2007 and associated media attention to the estimation of the number of @entity5 deaths that may occur in US as a result of radiation exposure from CT. In recent years there have been a series of papers and position statements suggesting that these predictions need to be worded very carefully. This is because they may lead to sensationalistic articles in the public media that might cause some @entity1 and parents to refuse medical imaging procedures, placing them at substantial risk by not receiving the clinical benefits of the prescribed imaging. There is a considerable body of work within the field of cognitive psychology that indicates that a discussion of risk may lead to bias in how parents would interpret information and potentially refuse indicated examinations. It follows that discussion of any potential risk of imaging should be accompanied by a discussion of the corresponding benefit of imaging or the harm if imaging is not done. Studies reported in the literature both for CT scans and for fluoroscopy suggest that when this is done, @entity1 or parents do not refuse needed imaging. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. To understand the global usage of diagnostic x- @entity16039 and CT and issues and approaches for safety 2. To learn about science behind current dose effects relationship and risk estimates at the level of few CT scans and the uncertainties in estimating risks from CT scans 3. To understand how issues of CT scan risks are perceived by @entity1 and physicians and how they can be better presented to them.

title: MO-FG-207A-02: What Do We Really Know About XXXX Risks at Doses Pertinent to CT Scans.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed during transport after out-of-hospital @entity1167 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational study of all non-traumatic @entity1167 @entity1 older than 18 years who received CPR both before and during transport between May 2003 and December 2006 from the community run EMS system in Oslo. Chest compressions and ventilations were detected from impedance changes in routinely collected ECG signals, and hands-off ratio calculated as time without chest compressions divided by total CPR time. RESULTS: Seventy-five of 787 consecutive out-of-hospital @entity1167 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Quality data were available from 36 of 66 @entity1 receiving manual CPR and 7 of 9 receiving mechanical CPR. CPR was performed for mean 21+/-11 min before and 12+/-8 min during transport. With manual CPR hands-off ratio increased from 0.19+/-0.09 on-scene to 0.27+/-0.15 (p=0.002) during transport. Compression and ventilation rates were unchanged causing a reduction in compressions per minute from 94+/-14 min(-1) to 82+/-19 min(-1) (p=0.001). Quality was significantly better with mechanical than manual CPR. Four @entity1 (5%) survived to hospital discharge; two with manual CPR (Cerebral performance categories (CPC) 1 and 2), and two with mechanical CPR (CPC scores 3 and 4). No discharged @entity1 had any spontaneous circulation during transport. CONCLUSIONS: The fraction of time without chest compressions increased during transport of out-of-hospital @entity1167 @entity1 . Every effort should therefore be made to stabilise @entity1 on-scene before transport to hospital, but all transport with ongoing CPR is not futile.

title: Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation before and during transport in out-of-hospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Porcine skeletal muscle fibres are classified based on their different physiological and biochemical properties. Muscle fibre phenotype is regulated by several independent signalling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), @entity19401 ( @entity19401 ) and @entity5601 ( @entity5601 ) signalling pathways. MicroRNAs are non-coding small RNAs that regulate many biological processes. However, their function in muscle fibre type regulation remains unclear. The aim of our study was to identify miRNAs that regulate muscle fibre type during porcine growth to help understand the miRNA regulation mechanism of fibre differentiation. We performed Solexa/Illumina deep sequencing for the microRNAome during 3 muscle growth stages (63, 98 and 161 d). In this study, 271 mature miRNAs and 243 pre-miRNAs were identified. We detected 472 novel miRNAs in the muscle samples. Among the mature miRNAs, there are 23 highest expression miRNAs (over 10,000 RPM), account for 85.3% of the total counts of mature miRNAs., including 10 (43.5%) muscle-related miRNAs (ssc-miR-133a-3p, ssc-miR-486, ssc-miR-1, ssc- @entity6957 -3p, ssc-miR-30a-5p, ssc-miR-181a, ssc-miR-148a-3p, ssc-miR-92a, ssc-miR-21, ssc-miR-126-5p). Particularly, both ssc-miR-1 and ssc-miR-133 belong to the MyomiRs, which control muscle myosin content, myofibre identity and muscle performance. The involvement of these miRNAs in muscle fibre phenotype provides new insight into the mechanism of muscle fibre regulation underlying muscle development. Furthermore, we performed cell transfection experiment. Overexpression/inhibition of ssc- @entity6957 -3p in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cell induced an/a increase/reduction of the slow muscle fibre gene and protein ( @entity9741 ), indicating that @entity6957 activity regulated muscle fibre differentiate in skeletal muscle. And it regulate @entity9741 through the @entity3994 - @entity19401 pathway.

title: MicroRNA Transcriptome Profile Analysis in Porcine Muscle and the Effect of XXXX on the @entity9741 Gene and Protein.

entities_list: @entity19401 :: ('4205', 'Gene') :: ['MEF2', 'myocyte enhancer factor 2']

entities_list: @entity5601 :: ('5465', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor', 'PPAR']

answer: @entity6957 :: (406935,Gene) :: ['miR-143']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The goals of this study are to: 1) investigate the urgency for repair of middle cranial fossa spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in adults, and 2) review the literature and treatment recommendations for adult spontaneous @entity2972 . DATA SOURCES: 1) All @entity1 who were referred to a tertiary center with spontaneous @entity2972 , exposed middle cranial fossa dura, or @entity3976 from 2004 to 2015; and 2) landmark references on spontaneous CSF leaks REVIEW METHODS: Electronic medical records of @entity1 with a documented spontaneous CSF leak, exposed dura, or @entity3976 were reviewed. Subjects were excluded if they had a congenital, traumatic, or iatrogenic CSF leak. Main outcome measure was duration of CSF leak and development of @entity693 after clinical presentation. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (27 ears) who were at risk for @entity693 from spontaneous @entity2972 , @entity3976 , or a dural breach with or without @entity2267 were evaluated. Duration of CSF leaks in @entity1 who refused repair or who continued to have CSF leak after repair or prior to successful repair ranged from 4 months to 11 years. Duration of @entity3976 and dural exposure in an uninfected mastoid ranged from 24 months to 6 years. Only one @entity1 presented with @entity693 . None of these 22 @entity1 developed @entity693 during the time periods they were under our care. CONCLUSION: Should @entity1 with @entity2972 , exposed dura, or @entity3976 refuse operation, it may be reasonable to follow them with close observation and education about warning signs for @entity693 . Laryngoscope, 126:464-468, 2016.

title: Spontaneous middle cranial fossa XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephalocele', 'encephaloceles']

entities_list: @entity2972 :: ('MESH:D002558', 'Disease') :: ['CSF otorrhea']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

answer: @entity2972 :: (MESH:D002558,Disease) :: ['cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea']


abstract: Purpose To provide new information on @entity137 ( @entity137 ) in @entity5 survivors (TCSs) after four cycles of @entity2879 and @entity900 (EPX4) or three or four cycles of @entity1732 , @entity2879 , @entity900 (BEPX3/BEPX4). Methods Nine hundred fifty-two TCSs > 1 year postchemotherapy underwent physical examination and completed a questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression estimated @entity137 odds ratios (ORs) in relation to age, cumulative @entity900 and/or @entity1732 dose, time since chemotherapy, sociodemographic factors, and health behaviors. Results Median age at evaluation was 37 years; median time since chemotherapy was 4.3 years. Chemotherapy consisted largely of BEPX3 (38.2%), EPX4 (30.9%), and BEPX4 (17.9%). None, one to two, three to four, or five or more @entity137 were reported by 20.4%, 42.0%, 25.1%, and 12.5% of TCSs, respectively. Median number after EPX4 or BEPX3 was two (range, zero to nine and zero to 11, respectively; P > .05) and two (range, zero to 10) after BEPX4. When comparing individual @entity137 for EPX4 versus BEPX3, Raynaud phenomenon (11.6% v 21.4%; P < .01), @entity1897 (29.2% v 21.4%; P = .02), and @entity28 (25.5% v 33.0%; P = .04) differed. Larger cumulative @entity1732 doses (OR, 1.44 per 90,000 IU) were significantly associated with five or more @entity137 . Increasing age was a significant risk factor for one to two, three to four, or five or more @entity137 versus zero @entity137 (OR, 1.22, 1.50, and 1.87 per 5 years, respectively; P < .01); vigorous physical activity was protective (OR, 0.62, 0.51, and 0.41, respectively; P < .05). Significant risk factors for three to four and five or more @entity137 included current (OR, 3.05 and 3.73) or former (OR, 1.61 and 1.76) smoking ( P < .05). Self-reported health was excellent/very good in 59.9% of TCSs but decreased as @entity137 increased ( P < .001). Conclusion Numbers of @entity137 after EPX4 or BEPX3 appear similar, with median follow-up of 4.3 years. A healthy lifestyle was associated with reduced number of @entity137 .

title: Multi-Institutional Assessment of Adverse Health Outcomes Among North American XXXX Survivors After Modern @entity900 -Based Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse health outcomes', 'AHOs']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Testicular Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rupture of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) is responsible for 1-3% of all @entity204 among the elderly population in developed countries. A novel endograft proposes an endovascular @entity439 sealing (EVAS) system that isolates the @entity439 wall from blood flow using a polymer-filled endobag that surrounds two balloon-expandable stents. The volume of injected polymer is determined by monitoring the endobag pressure but the final @entity1028 expansion remains unknown. We conceived and developed a fully deformable surface model for the comparison of pre-operative sac lumen size and final endobag size (measured using a follow-up scan) with the volume of injected polymer. Computed tomography images were acquired for eight @entity1 . @entity439 were manually and automatically segmented twice by the same observer. The injected polymer volume resulted 9% higher than the @entity439 pre-operative lumen size (p  <  0.05), and 11% lower than the final follow-up endobag volume (p  <  0.01). The automated method required minimal user interaction; it was fast and used a single set of parameters for all subjects. Intra-observer and manual vs. automated variability of measured volumes were 0.35      2.11 and 0.07      3.04  mL, respectively. Deformable surface models were used to quantify @entity1028 size and showed that EVAS system devices tended to expand the sac lumen size.

title: Deformable Surface Model for the Evaluation of XXXX Treated with an Endovascular Sealing System.

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity18302 ( @entity18302 ) is a distinctive @entity1141 associated with a number of non-skeletal manifestations including @entity393 , @entity299 , and @entity850 , particularly of the upper airway and urinary tract. Some, but not all, @entity1 have mutations in @entity18493 causing the condition. Consonant with the X chromosomal location of @entity18493 males are generally more severely affected than females. @entity18493 mutations can be detected in 82% of affected males. We describe seven @entity1 (one male, six females) all of whom have the major clinical and radiological features of @entity18302 , but without detectable mutations in @entity18493 . The females in our cohort are affected to a similar degree as is usually found in males. In addition, all @entity1 have marked keloid formation at various body sites, including the eye, from an early age. Other features that may indicate a different etiology in these @entity1 are the increased frequency of @entity2419 , Robin sequence, @entity6184 , and mild @entity717 , which all occur in three of more @entity1 in the present group. All @entity1 are isolated. We hypothesize that the presently reported @entity1 represent further evidence that phenotypes strongly resembling @entity18302 exist that are not accounted for by mutations in @entity18493 . Since the frequency of several of the manifestations, their sporadic presentations, and the presence of keloid formation differ from the X-linked form of this condition we propose de novo autosomal dominant acting mutations in a gene functionally related to @entity18493 , underpin this disorder.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX and keloid formation without @entity18493 mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity18302 :: ('MESH:C538064', 'Disease') :: ['Frontometaphyseal dysplasia', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing skeletal dysplasia']

answer: @entity18302 :: (MESH:C538064,Disease) :: ['Frontometaphyseal dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, the worldwide emergence of @entity2893 resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has become a severe public health issue. This meta-analysis aims to describe the epidemiology of @entity2893 resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) during the years of 2000-2012 in Asian area. METHODS: PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify the qualified papers. Random or fixed-effect model was used to deal with the data. RESULTS: Over all the 49 Asian countries (or regions), only 37.5% [19] of them contributed epidemiology data of CRE, and the rest ones provided either only case reports or no information at all. In Asia, the prevalence of CRE was still low during the study period with average resistance rates of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.6-0.8%, @entity2892 ) and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7-1.2%, @entity2889 ). Resistance rates to @entity2892 and @entity2889 in Enterobacteriaceae exhibited stably escalating trend. Similar trend can also be observed among each Enterobacteriaceae genus, such as @entity526 , @entity4005 spp. and Enterobacer spp. @entity4005 spp. accounted for the largest proportion among the isolates resistant to @entity2892 , and then followed by @entity526 and @entity34565 . The rank order of resistance rates to @entity2892 among Enterobacteriaceae genus during the period of 2000-2012 was as follows: @entity34565 spp. (1.8%) > Proteus spp. (1.6%) > @entity4005 spp. (0.8%) = Citrobacter spp. (0.8%) > Enterobacer spp. (0.7%) > @entity526 (0.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Given the fact that the prevalence of CRE was increasing during the past decade, it is urgent for us to establish regional surveillance worldwide, carry out more effective antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures to prevent further spread of @entity2893 resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) during 2000-2012 in Asia.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effects of various stents on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging flow volume measurements and to determine the value of a blood-pool MR imaging contrast medium in assessment of vascular stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 11 @entity1707 , six @entity5648 stents (Memotherm), four @entity902 stents (NuMed), and one elgiloy stent (Wallstent) were placed in the main pulmonary artery under x-ray fluoroscopic guidance. MR imaging was performed 3 months after stent placement before and after injection of @entity16710 contrast medium. Blood flow volumes were assessed with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging through and next to the stent. The signal-to-noise ratio and width of susceptibility artifacts of the stents also were determined. Measurements were analyzed with the paired Student t test and Bland-Altman test, where appropriate. RESULTS: Blood flow volumes measured through the @entity5648 and @entity902 stents disclosed no significant difference between velocity-encoded cine MR imaging measurements through and next to the stent. On cine MR images, small susceptibility artifacts were observed around the @entity5648 and @entity902 stents. Signal-to-noise ratio in the stent lumen was reduced in @entity5648 and @entity902 stents when compared with that next to the stent. The elgiloy stent produced severe susceptibility artifacts, making measurement of flow volumes impossible. @entity16710 injection caused no significant effect on flow volume measurements. It improved the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulmonary arterial lumen outside and, to a lesser extent, inside the stent. CONCLUSION: Assessment of morphology and flow volumes through @entity5648 and @entity902 stents is feasible with MR imaging. Blood-pool contrast media provide persistent signal enhancement in the pulmonary artery and, to a lesser extent, in the lumina of @entity5648 and @entity902 stents.

title: Influence of blood-pool contrast media on MR imaging and flow measurements in the presence of pulmonary arterial stents in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Psychosocial @entity5 counseling centers represent an increasingly important part of @entity5 care. Research on the services provided by those centers is sparse, however, as is research on @entity1 -, disease-, and treatment-related characteristics of their clients. Therefore, the present study analyzes the services provided by 26 @entity5 counseling centers temporarily being funded by the German Cancer @entity3224 as well as selected characteristics of their clients. Analyses are based on data collected during 2011 by means of a documentation system specifically designed for the purposes of @entity5 counseling. Testing focuses on whether @entity5 @entity1 and @entity5 @entity1 ' relatives differ with respect to various characteristics and the services used. The results show that psychosocial and benefit counseling represent a major part of counseling services, followed by giving information and employing relaxation techniques. Clients seek counseling primarily in early phases of disease and treatment. @entity1 with @entity0 are over-represented among clients. Analyses also reveal significant differences between @entity5 @entity1 and @entity1 ' relatives. Psychotherapeutic interventions and grief-counseling are more frequent in counseling relatives, whereas benefit counseling is more frequent in working with @entity1 . The results emphasize the relevance of outpatient @entity5 counseling. They may also help support initiatives aiming at @entity5 counseling targeted to the needs of each individual client.

title: [Out- @entity1 Psychosocial Cancer Counseling Centers and their Clients - Services Provided and Service Utilization by XXXX and @entity1 ' Relatives].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['establishing psychosocial cancer', 'comprehensive psychosocial cancer', 'cancer', 'psychosocial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Poor nutritional status has been associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality in general surgery @entity1 , however outcomes in vascular surgery @entity1 are unclear. Our goal was to determine the effect of poor nutritional status on perioperative morbidity and mortality after lower extremity bypass (LEB). METHODS: The 2005-2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was analyzed to determine associated complications, mortality, length of stay (LOS), and readmissions for @entity1 with @entity4988 (serum albumin <3.5 g/dL and <2.8 g/dL) undergoing infrainguinal lower extremity bypass for @entity63 . Multivariable analyses were performed to assess associated risk factors while adjusting for possible confounders. RESULTS: There were 5,110 LEB identified with an albumin level recorded. There were 2,327 (45.5%) @entity1 with a low preoperative albumin. @entity1 with a low albumin were more likely to have @entity6 , @entity1030 , @entity712 , previous @entity583 , @entity177 , dialysis @entity734 , @entity101 , history of transient @entity63 attack or @entity64 , @entity479 use, impaired functional status, @entity1353 at rest, @entity417 , prior operations within 30 days, preoperative @entity2737 , and a tibial target (P<.05). Multivariable analyses showed that low albumin was independently associated with increased mortality (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.6, P=.001), return to the operating room (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6, P<.001), and increased LOS ( @entity29817 , 95% CI 1.1-1.2, P<.001). When compared to @entity1 with normal albumin, @entity1 with more severe @entity4988 , less than 2.8 g/dL, showed further increased risk of mortality (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6-3.8), return to the operating room (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.0) and prolonged LOS ( @entity29817 , 95% CI 1.2-1.3). CONCLUSIONS: Poor preoperative @entity4988 is associated with morbidity and mortality after infrainguinal lower extremity bypass for @entity63 . Evaluation and optimization of nutritional status should be performed preoperatively in this high risk population.

title: XXXX Predicts Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality after Infrainguinal Lower Extremity Bypass for @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wounds or infections']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity4988 :: (MESH:D034141,Disease) :: ['Hypoalbuminemia']


abstract: Stage II @entity14 is characterized by negative lymph node pathology as determined by conventional microscopic examination. These @entity1 generally do not receive adjuvant therapy although 20%-30% will die from metastatic disease. To determine whether @entity984 mutations at codon 12 could be used as a sensitive indicator of occult lymph node @entity3 in stage II @entity694 , a retrospective study was performed using restriction endonuclease-mediated selective polymerase chain reaction (REMS-PCR) amplification. Of 106 @entity694 analyzed, 46 were identified as positive for a K12-ras mutation in the @entity5 . Multiple lymph node samples from 38 of these 46 @entity1 were examined by a sensitive nested PCR protocol for the presence of a K12-ras mutation. Of these 38 @entity1 , 14 had 1 or more positive lymph nodes by PCR (37%) and 24 were negative for the mutation (63%). Of the 14 @entity1 with a K12-ras mutation detected in lymph nodes, 8 died of the disease within 5 years (57%) compared to only 4 of the 24 @entity1 with ras-negative lymph nodes (17%). The difference in time to @entity204 from disease, stratified using K12-ras status of lymph nodes, was statistically significant (P = 0.036; log-rank test). These results suggest @entity984 mutation status of lymph nodes in @entity1 with @entity5 might identify a subgroup of @entity1 who are more likely to develop recurrent and/or metastatic disease and benefit from adjuvant therapy. Larger studies are indicated to determine whether detection of @entity984 mutation positivity in histologically negative lymph nodes portends a poor prognosis and to determine whether more aggressive use of adjuvant therapy is warranted.

title: Detection of mutated K12-ras in histologically negative lymph nodes as an indicator of poor prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II colon cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colonic tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['stage II colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to assess the relationship between @entity341 ( @entity341 ) admission rates for Medicare beneficiaries with @entity662 and outcomes, specifically 30-day rates of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and mortality. METHODS: Using a 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries in 2009, 158,295 beneficiaries with a primary diagnosis of @entity662 at the conclusion of their @entity341 visits were selected to assess outcomes based on the decision to hospitalize or discharge home. The proportions of these @entity1 admitted to inpatient or observation status at 2,219 U.S. hospitals were calculated, adjusting for differences in @entity1 and hospital characteristics. Both bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the effect of the adjusted admission rates (designed to be a measure of care intensity) on @entity1 outcomes. Other covariates in the multivariable model included @entity1 demographics, medical conditions, and hospital utilization in the 30 days prior to the @entity341 visits. Results from the bivariate and multivariable analyses were compared for consistency. RESULTS: The adjusted Medicare admission rate for @entity341 @entity1 with @entity662 averaged 63% for the middle quintile of the @entity1 sample and ranged from 38% to 81% in the lowest and highest quintiles. The multivariable model yielded estimates of 3.6 fewer cases of @entity583 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5 to 5.1 cases) and 2.8 fewer @entity204 (95% CI = 0.6 to 4.1 @entity204 ) per 1,000 @entity662 @entity1 associated with an admission rate of 81% versus 38%. The estimates from the bivariate analysis were of similar magnitude. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable variation exists across U.S. hospitals in @entity341 admission rates for Medicare @entity1 with @entity662 . Hospitals that approach admissions more conservatively (i.e., higher admission rates) in this population have lower rates of @entity583 and mortality.

title: Variation in @entity662 XXXX admission rates and @entity583 and @entity204 within 30 days in the Medicare population.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Primary @entity2172 of the @entity420 and @entity652 types are rare. The terminology used in describing them is quite varied. Some investigators presume that a distinct recognizable group of these @entity5 are benign, but because of the rarity of the lesions, such conclusions have been difficult to verify. We review the literature of these lesions and report 11 additional cases. The course was documented in 25 cases in the literature; 20 of these were reported to be benign over periods of follow-up from 1 month to 10 years, and 5 were fatal. Among our @entity1 , 5 had a benign course, 3 died of causes related to the @entity5 , and 3 had persistence of their lesion and substantial consequent morbidity. We emphasize the slow growth and elusive nature of these lesions. Histologic evidence of mitoses, roentgenologic evidence of bony destruction, and cranial nerve involvement were factors consistent with a poor prognosis. The origin of these @entity5 may vary. A similarity to @entity1823 is noted. The ultimate course of these @entity5 cannot always be predicted from the histologic appearance. Early surgical removal appears to be the most successful therapy. Three of the 4 types of @entity5 of the external ear canal described by Wetli, et al, can be found in the middle ear: @entity652 , @entity420 , and @entity2347 . In addition, several other types of @entity75 can occur in the middle ear--the " @entity12556 ," @entity3975 , and what we believe to be a variant of @entity1823 . The @entity5 are well described in the literature and will not be discussed here. We reviewed cases of the @entity652 and @entity420 types, some of which bore a resemblance to the @entity1823 .

title: @entity420 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12556 :: ('MESH:D002828', 'Disease') :: ['choristomas']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear glandular tumors']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adenoid cystic tumors', 'glandular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['glandular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['adenoma of the middle ear']


abstract: The aim of this work was to study the oxidative stress response of Kluyveromyces marxianus to @entity273 (50 mM), @entity6453 (1 mM), an increase in air pressure (120 kPa, 600 kPa) and pure @entity26 pressure (120-600 kPa) in a pressurized bioreactor. The effect of these oxidants on metabolism and on the induction of antioxidant enzymes was investigated. The exposure for 1 h of K. marxianus at exponential growth phase with either @entity274 or @entity6453 , under air pressure of 120 kPa or 600 kPa, induced an increase in both @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and @entity2041 reductase (GR) content. SOD induction by the chemical oxidants was independent of the air pressure values used. A 2-fold increase in SOD activity was observed after 1 h of exposure to @entity274 and a 3-fold increase was obtained by the presence of @entity6453 , with both air pressures studied. In contrast, GR activity was raised 1.7-fold by the exposure to both chemicals with 120 kPa, but a 2.4-fold GR induction was obtained with 600 kPa. As opposed to @entity375 , catalase was not induced and was even lower than the normal basal levels. This antioxidant enzyme seemed to be inhibited under increasing @entity26 partial pressure. The cells showed a significant increase in SOD and GR activity levels, 4.7-fold and 4.4-fold, when exposed for 24 h to 120 kPa pure @entity26 pressure. This behaviour was even more patent with 400 kPa. However, whenever cells were previously exposed to low air pressures, low enzymatic activity levels were measured after subsequent exposure to pure @entity26 pressure.

title: Oxidative stress response of Kluyveromyces marxianus to @entity273 , XXXX and pressure.

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity6453 :: (MESH:D010269,Chemical) :: ['paraquat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sunitinib on endometriotic implants and adhesions in a @entity35 @entity46 model. An experimental @entity46 model was created in 21 @entity35 . These @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 (control group, 7 @entity35 ) was given no medication; Group 2 (sunitinib group, 7 @entity35 ) was given 3 mg/kg per day of oral sunitinib; and Group 3 (danazol group, 7 @entity35 ) was given 7.2 mg/kg per day of oral danazol. The volume of endometriotic implants was calculated. The extent and severity of adhesions were evaluated. The groups were compared by the Student's t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Mann-Whitney U test. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean volume of endometriotic implants before medication between three groups. The volume of implants and extent, severity, total score of adhesions were significantly decreased after medication in Group 2 and Group 3. We noted that the volume of the endometriotic implants and adhesion formation were decreased both after sunitinib and danazol treatment. As a result, sunitinib seems to be effective for @entity6378 . The effects of sunitinib in @entity35 models give hope for improving the treatment of @entity1 @entity46 and prevention of @entity158 symptoms.

title: The effects of sunitinib on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['endometriotic peritoneal lesions']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Little is known about the behavior of the @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ), which plays a central role in @entity43 etiology. It has been suggested that incessant ovulation causes @entity2670 changes leading to transformation and that high @entity4083 levels during postmenopause activate @entity2670 receptors, inducing proliferation. We examined the chronology of @entity2670 changes, including @entity5 appearance, in a @entity19 model where ovulation never occurs due to deletion of @entity29097 . Changes in epithelial cells were marked by pan-cytokeratin (CK) staining. Histologic changes and CK staining in the @entity2670 increased from postnatal day 2. CK staining was observed inside the ovary by 24 days and increased thereafter in @entity5 -bearing animals. Ovaries from a third of aged (1 year) mutant @entity19 showed CK deep inside, indicating cell migration. These @entity5 resembled serous papillary adenoma of @entity1 ovaries. Weak expression of @entity7006 and elevation of @entity4698 , @entity48901 , @entity1996 , and platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta in mutants indicated differences in cell proliferation, differentiation, and @entity32 . Thus, we report that @entity2670 changes occur long before @entity5 appear in FORKO @entity19 . Our results suggest that neither incessant ovulation nor @entity29097 presence in the @entity2670 is required for inducing @entity43 ; thus, other mechanisms must contribute to ovarian tumorigenesis.

title: Early alterations in ovarian surface epithelial cells and induction of XXXX triggered by loss of FSH receptor.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity4083 :: ('MESH:D006062', 'Chemical') :: ['gonadotropin']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['OSE', 'ovarian surface epithelium']

entities_list: @entity29097 :: ('14309(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['follitropin receptor', 'follicle-stimulating hormone receptor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian epithelial tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the complications and subjective experience of @entity1 having argon laser suturelysis (LS) with those of @entity1 having @entity1610 ( @entity1610 ) for corneal @entity940 after extracapsular @entity231 extraction (ECCE). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 30 @entity1 (30 eyes) with more than 3.00 diopters of with-the-rule @entity940 after ECCE. A minimum of 5 weeks after surgery, 2 sutures along the steepest meridian were lysed by the same surgeon, 1 by a needle and the other by laser using a Hoskins lens. @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity1610 first followed by LS or LS followed by @entity1610 . The complications were recorded. The @entity1 subjectively graded their fear and discomfort/ @entity158 during suturelysis using a scale from 0 to 10. @entity1 preference for either procedure was also recorded. RESULTS: The complications of @entity1610 were conjunctival epithelial defect (17/30), @entity548 (13/30), and @entity2687 (4/30) and of LS, minor conjunctival burn (1/30) and conjunctival epithelial defect (1/30). The mean subjective fear and discomfort/ @entity158 scores in the @entity1610 group were significantly higher than in the LS group (P =.0010 and P =.0014, respectively). Nineteen @entity1 preferred LS, 3 preferred @entity1610 , and 8 had no preference for either procedure. CONCLUSION: Argon laser suturelysis was associated with fewer complications than @entity1610 and was preferred by @entity1 .

title: Selective argon laser suturelysis versus @entity1610 to treat induced corneal XXXX after @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'needle suturelysis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subconjunctival hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal abrasion']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of different doses of @entity56045 plasmid on the dynamics and magnitude of the mobilization of the mobilization bone of marrow stem cells in a @entity35 AMI model. METHODS: Different doses of plasmid DNA encoding @entity56045 gene, empty plasmid or saline were injected into male SD @entity35 intramuscularly with in vivo electroporation. @entity35 were subjected to left coronary artery ligation 6 days after gene transfer. Peripheral blood samples were drawn and @entity6098 + cells were assayed by FACS calibur flow-cytometer. The changes in absolute number of @entity6098 + cells were evaluated. RESULTS: Expressions of @entity56045 mRNA and protein were detected in the injection site 7 days after gene transfer. Five days after gene transfer, the @entity6098 + cells numbers in @entity56045 groups were significantly higher than those in empty plasmid group, especially in @entity56045 100 microg group (16.63x10(6)/L vs 4.98x10(6)/L, P<0.01). On the 5-7 days, the @entity6098 + cell numbers in @entity56045 groups reached the peak and the peak number was 3.88 times that of baseline in @entity56045 100 microg group (P<0.01). After AMI, the cell numbers of 1 day to 7 days were significantly higher than those of the baseline in empty plasmid group and saline group. In comparison to empty plasmid group, @entity56045 groups were associated with still higher numbers of cells 1 day after AMI (P< 0.05), especially in @entity56045 100 microg group (14.61x10(6)/L vs 7.85x10(6)/L, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity56045 gene transfer significantly increases the mobilization of @entity6098 + stem cells in acute @entity583 @entity35 .

title: [In vivo transfer of human chemokine-like factor 1 gene increases peripheral blood CD34+ stem cells after @entity583 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a syndrome composed of @entity1274 , early greying of scalp hair, and adult-onset essential @entity400 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care academic hospital. RESULTS: Three individuals were seen with this triad, each with family members with similar features. Our @entity1 are a 65-year-old @entity1 and two @entity1 in their 40s. Two noted @entity393 in adulthood, one as a @entity1 . All had complete greying in their 20s. The @entity1 developed essential @entity400 in their 20s, and the @entity1 in his 50s. All individuals have @entity735 without @entity2296 . Additional evaluation failed to further categorize these @entity1 . Each has two or more immediate family members with a combination of these findings. Molecular genetic testing suggests this is not a variant of @entity10244 . CONCLUSION: We believe this represents a previously unreported @entity4310 . SIGNIFICANCE: This new syndrome should be considered in the context of other syndromes involving audition, pigmentation, and movement.

title: @entity1274 , early greying, and essential @entity400 : a new XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man', 'child']

entities_list: @entity10244 :: ('MESH:D014849', 'Disease') :: ['Waardenburg syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2296 :: ('MESH:C538115', 'Disease') :: ['heterochromia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['blue eyes']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['hereditary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Graciloplasty has been used as a treatment for @entity454 since 1946. Electric stimulation with an implantable pulse generator has existed for 15 years. The gracilis muscle is wrapped around the anal canal and stimulated by intramuscular electrodes connected with an implantable pulse generator. Initial reports have been promising, but long-term results have not been presented to date. METHODS: Data of 200 consecutive @entity1 with a follow-up of at least two years were analyzed in a prospective manner from 1986 until 1999. RESULTS: The overall success rate was 72 percent. In @entity1 with @entity1241 caused by @entity130 , the rate was 82 percent. Once continent, @entity1 remained continent after a median follow-up of 261 (standard deviation, 132) weeks. Median survival of the implantable pulse generator until battery expiration was 405 weeks. Disturbed evacuation remained a problem in 16 percent of all @entity1 . Complications were frequent but treatable. CONCLUSION: Dynamic graciloplasty is a good, cost-effective treatment for @entity1241 with results lasting for a median of more than five years.

title: Long-term follow-up of dynamic graciloplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity17990 (TH), @entity2995 (TA), and @entity8745 ( @entity3443 ) are commonly used intra-articular @entity479 preparations. Studies suggest that intra-articular TH is more efficacious than @entity3443 and TA in chronic @entity625 . However, it is unclear which of the latter two preparations has better efficacy. Thus, we compared intra-articular knee injections of @entity3443 and TA in @entity1 with chronic @entity625 . METHODS: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial included @entity1 with @entity309 or @entity1691 with an acutely swollen knee joint (>= 1 week, <24 weeks). They were randomly assigned (1:1) to intra-articular knee injection with @entity3443 or TA (80 mg, 2 mL of each). Evaluations were performed at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Primary outcome was time to relapse (Kaplan-Meier) over 24 weeks, with relapse defined as return to baseline @entity158 or swelling >= 1 week. Secondary outcomes were change in @entity158 (using a numerical rating scale), range of movement, and occurrence of adverse effects. Primary analysis was intention to treat, with last observation carried forward. FINDINGS: One hundred @entity1 (89 with @entity309 ) were randomly assigned in equal numbers to the @entity3443 and TA groups. Nine @entity1 relapsed in each group over 24 weeks. The mean time to relapse was not significantly different between the @entity3443 and TA groups (20.8 [95% CI, 18.8-22.7] weeks and 20.9 [95% CI, 19.0-22.8] weeks, respectively; P = 0.9; hazard ratio = 1.0 [95% CI, 0.4-2.5]). In both groups, there was a significant decline in @entity158 scores at all visits (P < 0.001); however, there were no significant intergroup differences. At 24 weeks, mean change in @entity158 in the @entity3443 (-4.4 [3.1]) and TA groups (-3.9 [2.8]) was not significantly different (P = 0.46). No infection, @entity1410 or @entity4182 occurred in any @entity1 . In addition, no significant intergroup differences were found in joint swelling, range of movement, modified (28 joint) Disease Activity Score using 3 variables, or Health Assessment Questionnaire over 24 weeks. IMPLICATIONS: No significant differences were found in efficacy between intra-articular knee injections with @entity3443 and TA in these @entity1 with chronic @entity625 . However, results need to be extrapolated cautiously because of the small sample size. Three-quarters of the @entity1 remained relapse free at 24 weeks. Clinical Trials Registry of India (www.ctri.nic.in) identifier: CTRI/2015/09/006187.

title: Efficacy of XXXX Versus @entity2995 Intra-Articular Knee Injection in @entity1 With @entity625 : A 24-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and swelling', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity17990 :: ('MESH:C005900', 'Chemical') :: ['Triamcinolone hexacetonide']

answer: @entity8745 :: (MESH:C000873,Chemical) :: ['Methylprednisolone Acetate']


abstract: Cartilage is an avascular tissue, and chondrocytes in vivo experience a severely @entity519 environment. Using a defined in vitro model of early chondrogenesis, we attempted to enrich for cells with an enhanced ability for chondrogenic differentiation by pre-exposure of @entity19 adipose-derived adult stromal cells (ADASs) to a @entity519 (2% @entity26 ) environment. ADASs were subsequently expanded in 2% or 21% @entity26 environments, resulting in 2 groups of cells, and then early chondrogenic differentiation was induced at 21% @entity26 tension using a 3-dimensional micromass culture system. ADAS chondrogenesis was assessed using Alcian Blue staining for proteoglycans and quantification of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Osteogenesis of the 2 cell groups was also studied. Two percent @entity26 tension profoundly increased the proliferation of ADASs. ADASs expanded in 2% @entity26 tension exhibited enhanced early chondrogenic differentiation and diminished osteogenesis, suggesting that the reduced @entity26 environment may favor chondroprogenitors. Gene expression analysis suggested that matrix metalloproteinase synthesis was inhibited in cells expanded in 2% @entity26 . Furthermore, re-oxygenation of the 2% @entity26 -expanded ADASs before differentiation did not significantly affect early chondrogenesis. Thus, priming ADASs with 2% @entity26 may have selected for chondrogenic progenitors with an enhanced ability to survive and differentiate. This study is relevant for the future application of cell-based therapies involving cartilage tissue regeneration.

title: In vitro expansion of adipose-derived adult stromal cells in XXXX enhances early chondrogenesis.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To systematically determine the effect of omental @entity1912 in pancreaticoduodenectomy against @entity260 through metaanalysis of published studies. METHODOLOGY: Thorough literature search in Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was conducted to identify studies whether the use of Omental @entity1912 to prevent @entity260 . Review of 14 article candidates, identified 4 eligible articles with a total of 2971 @entity1 for meta-analysis. Dichotomous data regarding distinction between omental roll-up and nonmental roll-up were pooled using random effects model to obtain the diagnostic odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: 1129 @entity1 in omental roll-up group, 1842 @entity1 in nonomental group. Omental roll-up during pancreaticoduodenectomy could not prevent postoperative @entity3472 (OR=0.81, 95%CI 0.40-1.63, P=0.56). it also could not prevent postoperative @entity548 (OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.28-1.59, P=0.37). We use the sensitivity analysis which found The @entity3472 was lower in the nonomental roll-up group than in the omental roll-up group (OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.03-1.50, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The use of omental roll-up could not decrease the risk of @entity3472 after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to identify the effect of omental roll-up technique for pancreaticoduodenectomy.

title: Preventive effect of omental XXXX in pancreaticoduodenectomy against @entity260 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['flap']


abstract: @entity2058 is an uncommon @entity5 of mature histiocytes with a poor clinical outcome. We report a case of a true @entity2058 with prominent and evenly distributed multinucleated giant cells that mimics a @entity2967 of soft tissue. The @entity5 was located between the appendix, right ovary, and the terminal ileum with severe @entity1104 . The liver and spleen were not enlarged. Grossly, the @entity5 appeared grayish white, solid, and soft. Microscopically, @entity5 cells aggregated to form somewhat epithelioid nests, which occasionally showed @entity39 . Prominent and evenly scattered giant cells were present in all sections. In addition, @entity5 cell infiltration was noted in regional lymph nodes. The @entity5 cells were positive for lysozyme, @entity469 , @entity11772 , and negative for T- and B-cell lineage markers, follicular dendritic cell, megakaryocytic, epithelial, muscular, and melanocytic markers, @entity4896 and @entity5823 . This case posed great difficulty in clinical and pathological diagnoses. Gross pictures, microscopic findings, and extensive immunostains are important for the differential diagnosis.

title: XXXX - a case with evenly distributed multinucleated giant cells.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulative necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'polygonal mononuclear tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2058 :: ('MESH:D054747', 'Disease') :: ['Histiocytic sarcoma', 'histiocytic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

answer: @entity2058 :: (MESH:D054747,Disease) :: ['Histiocytic sarcoma']


abstract: Tinnitus is a common symptom, defined as a sound perception in absence of a sound stimulus. AIM: Evaluate if @entity3346 , an antidepressant drug, which modulates @entity750 at central neuronal pathways, is effective in controlling @entity392 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study performed with @entity1 presenting @entity392 . 85 @entity1 were analyzed between February and June of 2005. 43 received @entity3346 and 42 placebo, for 60 days. The clinical criteria of analysis were @entity392 intensity, discomfort and life quality impact by @entity392 , using an analogue scale varying between 0 and 10, scored by @entity1 before and after drug or placebo use. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in intensity, discomfort and life quality in both groups after treatment; however, there was no significant difference between the drug and placebo groups. @entity1 with age equal or over 60 years presented better results after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity3346 was not efficient in controlling @entity392 in the @entity1 evaluated under the doses utilized.

title: Tinnitus treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['Trazodone', 'trazodone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity3346 :: (MESH:D014196,Chemical) :: ['Trazodone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) is an established marker for @entity731 . The role of @entity1674 in @entity2998 remains controversial. We sought to determine if elevated fasting and post-challenge @entity1674 are associated with @entity2998 . METHODS: All acute @entity385 @entity1 who participated in the Berlin "Cream _ Sugar" study in the Charit   Virchow and Charit   Mitte Campuses between January 2009 and January 2014 and underwent carotid artery ultrasound studies were eligible for inclusion. A combined oral @entity413 and @entity412 tolerance test was performed 3-7 days after first ever @entity385 . @entity1 were classified according to @entity412 metabolism-namely, (1) @entity1 reaching a maximum @entity412 levels 3  h post-challenge ("fast metabolizers," n  =  37), (2) @entity1 with increasing @entity1674 4 (medium metabolizers, n  =  64), and (3) 5  h post-challenge ("slow metabolizers," n  =  44; 13 missing). RESULTS: We included 158 @entity1 (34% female; mean age 63 years, SD 14). Absolute non-fasting @entity412 levels were positively associated with @entity2998 . A final multiple regression model revealed that older age, more severe @entity64 , and higher levels of fasting @entity1674 were significantly and independently associated with higher mean @entity2998 . Older age, higher waist-to-hip ratio, and higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone were independently associated with higher maximum @entity2998 . CONCLUSION: Fasting @entity1674 but not post-challenge @entity1674 associate with @entity2998 . An oral fat challenge may not add information on @entity731 status in @entity385 @entity1 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: The Berlin "Cream _ Sugar" study is registered with EudraCT (2009-010356-97) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01378468).

title: XXXX and carotid intima-media thickness in @entity385 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['Common carotid artery intima-media thickness', 'CCA-IMT']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['Triglycerides']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modern molecular and radiopharmaceutical development has brought the promise of @entity5 -selective delivery of antibody-drug conjugates to @entity5 cells for the diagnosis and treatment of primary and disseminated @entity5 disease. The classical mode of discourse regarding targeted therapy has been that the antigen targeted must be highly and homogenously expressed in the @entity5 cell population, and at the same time exhibit low expression in healthy tissue. However, there is increasing evidence that the @entity5 @entity1 are not cured by current protocols is that there exist subpopulations of @entity5 cells that are resistant to conventional therapy including radioresistance and that these cells express other target antigens than the bulk of the @entity5 cells. These types of cells are often referred to as @entity5 stem cells (CSCs). The CSCs are tumorigenic and have the ability to give rise to all types of cells found in a @entity5 through the processes of self-renewal and differentiation. If the CSCs are not eradicated, the @entity5 is likely to recur after therapy. Due to some of the characteristics of alpha particles, such as short path length and high density of energy depositions per distance traveled in tissue, they are especially well suited for use in targeted therapies against microscopic @entity5 . The characteristics of alpha particles further make it possible to minimize the irradiation of non-targeted surrounding healthy tissue, but most importantly, make it possible to deliver high-absorbed doses locally and therefore eradicating small @entity5 cell clusters on the submillimeter level, or even single @entity5 cells. When alpha particles pass through a cell, they cause severe damage to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, including double-strand breaks of DNA that are very difficult to repair for the cell. This means that very few hits to a cell by alpha particles are needed in order to cause cell death, enabling killing of cells, such as CSCs, exhibiting cellular resistance mechanisms to conventional therapy. This paper presents and evaluates the possibility of using alpha-particle emitting radionuclides in the treatment of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) and discusses the parameters that have to be considered as well as pros and cons of targeted alpha-particle therapy in the treatment of @entity263 . By targeting and eradicating the CSCs responsible of @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 who no longer respond to conventional therapies, including @entity342 deprivation and castration, it may be possible to cure the disease, or prolong survival significantly.

title: Targeting XXXX Stem Cells with Alpha-Particle Therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancerous disease', 'cancer', 'reason cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extreme @entity28 is recognized to be a risk factor for @entity712 . It is unclear whether overweight and lesser degrees of @entity28 also pose a risk. METHODS: We investigated the relation between the body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) and the incidence of @entity712 among 5881 @entity1 in the Framingham Heart Study (mean age, 55 years; 54 percent @entity1 ). With the use of @entity797 proportional-hazards models, the body-mass index was evaluated both as a continuous variable and as a categorical variable (normal, 18.5 to 24.9; overweight, 25.0 to 29.9; and @entity28 , 30.0 or more). RESULTS: During follow-up (mean, 14 years), @entity712 developed in 496 subjects (258 @entity1 and 238 @entity1 ). After adjustment for established risk factors, there was an increase in the risk of @entity712 of 5 percent for @entity1 and 7 percent for @entity1 for each increment of 1 in body-mass index. As compared with subjects with a normal body-mass index, @entity28 subjects had a doubling of the risk of @entity712 . For @entity1 , the hazard ratio was 2.12 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.51 to 2.97); for @entity1 , the hazard ratio was 1.90 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.30 to 2.79). A graded increase in the risk of @entity712 was observed across categories of body-mass index. The hazard ratios per increase in category were 1.46 in @entity1 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.23 to 1.72) and 1.37 in @entity1 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.67). CONCLUSIONS: In our large, community-based sample, increased body-mass index was associated with an increased risk of @entity712 . Given the high prevalence of @entity28 in the United States, strategies to promote optimal body weight may reduce the population burden of @entity712 .

title: XXXX and the risk of @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To use drug-induced sedation endoscopy (DISE) to identify locations and patterns of residual collapse in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) with incomplete response to @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ). STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: @entity25 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five consecutively screened adult @entity1 with @entity27 with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intolerance and incomplete response to @entity1697 ( @entity27 index [AHI] >15 or AHI >5 with persistent subjective symptoms) who underwent DISE with and without the oral appliance. Data collected included demographics, body mass index, polysomnography data, and management decisions after DISE. Each DISE video pair was retrospectively scored using the VOTE classification system by the same blinded reviewer (R.J.S.). RESULTS: All @entity1 had multilevel airway collapse at baseline. The palate was the most common location of @entity1697 failure. Fifteen (42.9%) had persistent collapse of the velum during DISE with @entity1697 , and 7 (20%) had persistent collapse of the @entity2582 . Twenty-three (65.7%) @entity1 were offered targeted surgery based on DISE findings to augment @entity1697 effectiveness. Twenty (57.1%) @entity1 underwent additional medical therapy such as @entity1697 adjustment or cervical positional therapy. Mean AHI was reduced from 37.4 at baseline, to 16.4 with @entity1697 (P < .01), and to 10.7 after post-DISE intervention (P < .78). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with incomplete response to @entity1697 , DISE with and without the appliance can identify residual anatomical locations of collapse, which may direct additional medical and surgical treatment options to augment @entity1697 effectiveness. Further work is needed to determine if DISE affects outcomes.

title: Drug-Induced Sedation Endoscopy in the Evaluation of @entity27 XXXX with Incomplete Oral Appliance Therapy Response.

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral appliance therapy', 'OAT']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Academic multidisciplinary sleep practice']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In a randomized controlled clinical trial carried out at the Ignatius teaching hospital in Breda, The Netherlands, 110 edentulous @entity1 with severe mandibular @entity604 were treated with implants of the ITI Dental Implant System using 3 different treatment strategies: a mandibular overdenture supported by either 2 implants with ball attachments, 2 implants with an interconnecting bar, or by 4 interconnected implants. In this study, results of clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated and compared over a period of 19 months after implant placement. A total of 283 ITI Dental Implants were placed. Six implants (2%) were lost during the osseointegration period. No further implant losses occurred after that. At the 19 month evaluation mean values and standard deviations for @entity548 index were 0.51 +/- 0.5 ( @entity548 incidence = 70%) and for plaque index they were 0.46 +/- 0.5 (plaque incidence = 45%). The mean values and standard deviations for probing depth and loss of attachment were 2.7 +/- 1.1 mm and 0.26 +/- 0.6 mm respectively. The radiographic evaluation showed a mean @entity604 .5 mm +/- 0.26 after 19 months for all the implants. In cases with 4 interconnected implants there was significantly more @entity604 around the central 2 implants (2.1 +/- 0.31 mm) in comparison with the lateral 2 (1.4 +/- 0.25 mm). No significant correlations were found between plaque and @entity548 indices and @entity604 .

title: Clinical and radiological results of XXXX treated with three treatment modalities for overdentures on implants of the ITI Dental Implant System. A randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'bone loss of 1']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Plasma membrane @entity460 -ATPases (PMCAs) play a critical role in regulating intracellular @entity460 concentration. Four genes encode PMCA proteins with alternative splicing of transcripts at three sites (A, B and C) serving to increase isoform diversity. Our previous work shows that all four PMCAs are expressed and have specific locations in @entity1 corneal epithelium ( @entity8583 ). The present work examined which splice variants of PMCAs are expressed in @entity8583 . Total RNA was extracted from @entity8583 scraped from cadaver corneas of five different donors (two females and three males, age range 55-76 years). RT-PCR was performed using PMCA isoform-specific primers designed to amplify transcripts that included either splice site A or splice sites B and C. PMCA cDNAs were sequenced or cloned, and then sequenced. There was uniformity in the @entity32611 and @entity31662 expression profile among the five donors. Specifically, every donor expressed @entity31662 transcripts (4x at site A and 4b at site B/C). Every donor also expressed @entity32611 transcripts at sites B/C, specifically PMCA1b and @entity32611 . In contrast, @entity32612 and @entity5966 expression varied; PCR DNAs were detected in two of five donors. One donor expressed @entity32612 and a novel @entity32612 variant we termed @entity32612 ((i)). @entity5966 transcript was demonstrated in a different donor. Finally, for all the donors, bands encoding site A transcripts for @entity31662 were obtained but no PCR transcripts were detected at site A for @entity32611 , @entity32612 and @entity5966 . This investigation showed that @entity8583 expressed multiple splice variants of PMCA isoforms. Furthermore, this study documented the expression of the @entity32611 k variant ( @entity32611 ) previously only described in intestine and pancreatic beta cells and describes a novel @entity32612 ((i)) variant. Finally, this study suggests that the molecular configuration of @entity32611 , @entity32612 and @entity5966 in the region of splice site A in @entity8583 must be different than in other tissues since the same primers that produced site A transcripts in several other tissues were ineffective in priming PCR in @entity8583 .

title: Alternative splice variants of plasma membrane @entity460 -ATPases in XXXX corneal epithelium.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Femoral shaft @entity174 are among the most common @entity174 following high @entity130 . Different kinds of treatment have been suggested for these injuries. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the results femoral @entity174 treated by mini open and close intramedullary nailing (IMN) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 adult @entity1 were operated due to @entity174 of the femur with close or open IMN technique between September 2010 and September 2011. 23 @entity1 operated with close. IMN technique was included in Group I while 24 @entity1 operated with mini open IMN technique constituted Group II. In Group I, all @entity1 . Were operated on the @entity174 table in the supine position while in Group II, all @entity1 underwent surgery on standard tables in the lateral position. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 27.3 years, ranging between 16 and 62. The mean age of the close nailing and open nailing groups was 30.5 and 24.5 respectively (P = 0.052). Only one @entity1 from the open nailing group failed to unite. The mean time for union in close and open nailing groups was 13 + 2.4 and 17.7 + 2.3 weeks respectively (P = 0.001). No @entity281 or limb length discrepancies were observed in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although close nailing is the preferred methods in most cases, but in poly-traumatized @entity1 or in centers where there are no @entity174 tables or C-arm, open nailing is a good option.

title: Is there a place for open intramedullary nailing in femoral shaft XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The clinical and radiographic results of 40 modern design condylar total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) in 29 @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity13144 were reviewed. The followup averaged 7.9 years (range, 2-15 years) for clinical and 6.4 years (range, 2-15) for radiographic surveillance. There was a significant improvement in Knee @entity158 and function scores and ROM after knee arthroplasty. Extensive @entity79 was present in 38 knees (95%). Metal wedge augments (10 knees, eight @entity1 ), autologous bone grafting (17 knees, 13 @entity1 ), and bone allografts (two knees, two @entity1 ) were used to reinforce the @entity154 . Ligamentous instability necessitated the use of long stem components in 27 knees and rotating hinge prostheses in five knees. There were six reoperations for @entity3564 (two knees, two @entity1 ), @entity1349 (two knees, two @entity1 ), instability (one knee, one @entity1 ), and @entity281 (one knee, one @entity1 ). Total knee arthroplasty may be offered to a select group of @entity1 with end-stage @entity1109 . The basic principles of knee arthroplasty in restoring limb alignment, reinforcing @entity154 by bone grafting or augmented prostheses, careful @entity41713 , and appropriate selection of constrained prostheses particularly are important in these @entity1 . The technical challenges encountered during TKA in @entity1 with @entity1109 , particularly in those with significant deformities, can require skills, implant systems, and methods usually reserved for complex revision arthroplasty.

title: Total knee arthroplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defects']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity13144 :: ('MESH:D001177', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot joint']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone fragmentation and bone defect']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Society pain']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

entities_list: @entity41713 :: ('MESH:C536448', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous balancing']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['neuropathic (Charcot) joints']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A certain number of authors have in literature pointed out multifocal forms of Buruli @entity1066 but no study was ever dedicated to them. The purpose of this study is to be more specific about the clinical aspects and to show how difficult it is for those multifocal forms of Buruli @entity1066 to be operated on. METHOD: The 11 @entity1 who were accepted for the study were subjected to an interrogation, a thorough clinical examination, research of BAAR in @entity1066 and operative pieces with a direct examination after Ziehl-Neelsen colouring. Each of these @entity1 underwent a surgical treatment under general anaesthesia or spinal anaesthesia depending on the seat of the lesions under cover of pre and post operative therapy by antibiotics. RESULTS: Initial lesions preferentially were located at limbs level; new foci appeared within an average period of 3 months, ranging from 1 to 15 months in some cases. All body parts could be the seats of secondary foci. Depending on the @entity1 , the number of foci varied from 3 to 7. Furthermore, amputation has been necessary for the complete healing of four @entity1 . The average operation was 2.4 by @entity1 ranged from 2 to 5. We observed the healing of all the @entity1 within an average hospitalisation time of 6.3 months running sometimes from 4 to 13 months. In addition to amputations, 4 @entity1 presented after-effects as articular stiffness, retractions of the hand's dorsal face and knee's retraction. CONCLUSION: Those multifocal forms can, with good reason, be considered as malignant form of Buruli @entity1066 .

title: [Multifocal forms of Buruli XXXX : clinical aspects and management difficulties in 11 cases].

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) likely plays an important role in cognition as it receives abundant afferent connections from the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Indeed, disturbed activity within the MD is thought to precipitate @entity73 associated with @entity161 . As compounds acting at the Group II metabotropic @entity2227 (mGlu) receptors (subtypes mGlu2/ @entity15367 ) have efficacy in animal models of @entity161 , we investigated whether a Group II agonist and an mGlu2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) could modulate MD activity. Extracellular single-unit recordings were made in  vivo from MD neurones in anaesthetised @entity35 . Responses were elicited by electrical stimulation of the PFC and/or amygdala, with Group II compounds locally applied as required. The Group II agonist reduced inhibition evoked in the MD: an effect manifested as an increase in short-latency responses, and a decrease in long-latency burst-firing. This disinhibitory action of the Group II receptors in the MD represents a mechanism of potential therapeutic importance as increased inhibition in the MD has been associated with @entity73 . Furthermore, as co-application of the mGlu2 PAM did not potentiate the Group II agonist effects in the MD, we suggest that the Group II disinhibitory effect is majority-mediated via @entity15367 . This heterogeneity in Group II receptor thalamic physiology bears consequence, as compounds active exclusively at the mGlu2 subtype are unlikely to perturb maladapted MD firing patterns associated with @entity73 , with activity at @entity15367 receptors possibly more appropriate. Indeed, polymorphisms in the @entity15367 , but not the mGlu2, gene have been detected in @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Neuronal activity patterns in the mediodorsal thalamus and related cognitive circuits are modulated by metabotropic XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deficit-onset']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: The objective was to determine the effects of @entity1501 + @entity2228 supplement on uterine metabolism of @entity3009 and mRNA expression of endometrial @entity27623 ( @entity27623 ) in nulliparous (NYL) and multiparous Yorkshire-Landrace (YL) sows, and in multiparous Meishan-Landrace sows (ML). In each of these three groups, sows were randomly assigned to two treatments: 15 ppm @entity1501 +0.6% @entity2228 or no supplement. The dietary supplement was given from the estrus before mating to slaughter on Day 25 of pregnancy. At slaughter, endometrial tissue was collected to determine endometrial expression levels of @entity27623 mRNA, @entity65244 ( @entity17853 ) and to evaluate in vitro endometrial secretion of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) secretion. Allantoic fluid samples were also collected to determine the concentration of @entity1421 , @entity3774 (PGF2alpha), @entity53 -17beta (E2), @entity1420 (P4), and @entity56069 ( @entity56069 ). The allantoic contents of PGF2alpha, E2 and P4, and endometrial in vitro secretion of @entity1421 were not significantly influenced by the @entity1501 + @entity2228 supplement. The @entity1501 + @entity2228 supplement tended (P<0.07) to increase allantoic content of @entity1421 and @entity56069 in all sows and increased (P<0.05) endometrial expression of @entity17853 , especially in NYL sows. The endometrial expression of @entity56132 was decreased (P<0.05) by @entity1501 + @entity2228 supplement, especially in multiparous YL sows. The allantoic contents of @entity1421 and PGF2alpha were not significantly affected by sow type. However, NYL sows had higher (P<0.05) endometrial in vitro secretion of @entity1421 and allantoic content of P4 than multiparous YL and ML sows. The allantoic content of E2 was also higher (P<0.05) in NYL sows than in multiparous ML sows only. The allantoic content of @entity56069 was lower (P<0.05) in multiparous ML than in multiparous YL only sows. Finally, in YL and NYL sows, @entity1501 + @entity2228 supplement decreased (P<0.05) the endometrial expression of @entity27623 but not in ML sows. In summary, @entity1501 + @entity2228 supplement altered endometrial expression of @entity27623 and uterine metabolism of @entity2918 during the post-attachment period of porcine embryos but some of these effects were manifest only in Meishan and nulliparous sows.

title: Effect of @entity1501 plus XXXX supplement on uterine prostaglandin and endometrial @entity27623 expression during early pregnancy in pigs.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity56069 :: ('397084(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming-growth factor-beta2', 'TGF-beta2']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

entities_list: @entity27623 :: ('397208(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: RATIONALE: Findings of pharmacological studies revealed that vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ) plays a modulatory role in learning and memory. A role of the peptide in the neurobiological mechanisms of @entity1316 was also suggested. OBJECTIVE: The objectives are to study the involvement of @entity12180 in learning and memory processes after unilateral and bilateral local application into hippocampal @entity1249 area in @entity35 with a model of @entity308 (bilateral olfactory bulbectomy--OBX) and to test whether @entity12180 receptors could affect cognition. RESULTS: @entity12180 (50 ng) and combination ( @entity12180 (6-28) 10 ng + @entity12180 50 ng) microinjected bilaterally or into the right @entity1249 area improved the learning and memory of OBX @entity35 in shuttle-box and step-through behavioral tests as compared to the saline-treated OBX controls. Left-side @entity12180 microinjections did not affect the number of avoidances (shuttle box) and learning criteria (step through) as compared to the left-side saline-treated OBX controls. The administration of the combination into left @entity1249 influenced positively the performance in the step-through task. @entity12180 antagonist ( @entity12180 (6-28), 10 ng) did not affect learning and memory of OBX @entity35 . These findings suggest asymmetric effect of @entity12180 on cognitive processes in hippocampus of @entity35 with OBX model of @entity308 . CONCLUSION: Our results point to a lateralized modulatory effect of @entity12180 injected in the hippocampal @entity1249 area on the avoidance deficits in OBX @entity35 . The right @entity1249 area was predominantly involved in the positive effect of @entity12180 on learning and memory. A possible role of the PAC1 receptors is suggested.

title: Lateralized hippocampal effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on learning and memory in @entity35 in a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']