abstract: BACKGROUND: Basic trainees in the @entity10479 military have historically been vulnerable to @entity1729 . @entity9504 and @entity683 are the most common etiological agents responsible for febrile @entity1576 (FRI) among trainees and present with similar clinical signs and symptoms. Identifying demographic and clinical factors associated with the primary viral pathogens causing FRI epidemics among trainees will help improve differential diagnosis and allow for appropriate distribution of antiviral medications. The objective of this study was to determine what demographic and clinical factors are associated with @entity683 and adenovirus among military trainees. METHODS: Specimens were systematically collected from military trainees meeting FRI case definition ( @entity221 >= 38.0  C with either cough or sore throat; or provider-diagnosed @entity55 ) at eight basic training centers in the USA. PCR and/or cell culture testing for respiratory pathogens were performed on specimens. Interviewer-administered questionnaires collected information on @entity1 demographic and clinical factors. Polychotomous logistic regression was employed to assess the association between these factors and FRI outcome categories: laboratory-confirmed adenovirus, @entity683 , or other FRI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated for individual predictors and clinical combinations of predictors. RESULTS: Among 21,570 FRI cases sampled between 2004 and 2009, 63.6% were laboratory-confirmed adenovirus cases and 6.6% were laboratory-confirmed @entity683 cases. Subjects were predominantly young @entity1 (86.8% @entity1 ; mean age 20.8        3.8  years) from Fort Jackson (18.8%), Great Lakes (17.1%), Fort Leonard Wood (16.3%), @entity7804 ( @entity7804 ) San Diego (19.0%), Fort Benning (13.3%), Lackland (7.5%), @entity7804 Parris Island (8.7%), and Cape May (3.2%). The best multivariate predictors of adenovirus were the combination of sore throat (odds ratio [OR], 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.66-3.25), cough (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.11-2.57), and @entity221 (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.90-2.26) with a @entity2286 of 77% (p    <=   .05). A combination of cough, @entity221 , training week 0-2 and acute onset were most predictive of @entity683 ( @entity2286 =38%; p    <=   .05). CONCLUSIONS: Specific demographic and clinical factors were associated with laboratory-confirmed @entity683 and adenovirus among military trainees. Findings from this study can guide clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of military trainees presenting with FRI.

title: Retrospective analysis of demographic and clinical factors associated with etiology of febrile @entity1576 among XXXX military basic trainees.

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['Marine Corps Recruit Depot', 'MCRD']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['Adenovirus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity10479 :: (MESH:D065309,Disease) :: ['US']


abstract: 1. We investigated the alterations in binding sites of three major second messengers, @entity10670 , @entity671 and @entity1928 following transient @entity2806 in gerbils, and examined the effects of a novel @entity18480 derivative, @entity58416 against the alterations in the binding of the second messengers following @entity63 . 2. Transient @entity2806 produced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries was induced for 10 min, and intraperitoneal administration of @entity58416 (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) was given 10 min before @entity63 . 3. Morphological study indicated that transient @entity63 can produce severe @entity528 in striatum, hippocampal @entity1399 sector and hippocampal @entity1400 sector. 4. Transient @entity2806 caused the postischemic alterations in the binding of three second messengers. 5. The postischemic alterations in the binding of second messengers were ameliorated by pretreatment with @entity58416 . This effect was especially observed in the striatum which was most vulnerable to @entity63 . 6. These findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism of @entity528 .

title: Protective effect of a novel XXXX derivative, @entity58416 , against alterations in binding sites of second messengers after transient @entity2806 in gerbils.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity58416 :: ('MESH:C038627', 'Chemical') :: ['vinconate']

entities_list: @entity10670 :: ('MESH:D015240', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate']

entities_list: @entity18480 :: ('CHEBI:27288', 'Chemical') :: ['vinca alkaloid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neuronal damage', 'neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity18480 :: (CHEBI:27288,Chemical) :: ['vinca alkaloid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate power Doppler ultrasonography for diagnosis and prediction of scarring compared with @entity29582 scintigraphy in acute @entity2885 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 , aged 2 months to 6 years old, admitted with clinical and biological signs of their first febrile urinary tract infection were studied. All of the @entity1 underwent PDU and @entity29582 scintigraphy within 7 days after diagnosis and repeat scintigraphy at least 6 months later, if results of the first study were abnormal. Scintigraphic and Doppler studies were interpreted and compared. RESULTS: @entity9409 scintigraphy demonstrated scar in 7.6% of renal units, 3.1% of @entity1 without reflux and 66.7% of those with high-grade reflux. Kidneys with permanent @entity8 had a mean resistive index (RI) of 0.71    0.06, while the RI value for nonscarred kidneys was 0.66    0.06 (P = .02). The best cutoff point of RI value was 0.715, with a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 87.7%, and positive and negative predictive values of 32% and 97%, respectively. These values significantly increased when grey-scale ultrasonography findings were brought into account. Reflux was observed in 19.7% of renal units, which were associated with significantly higher RI values (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Power Doppler ultrasonography with a cutoff value of 0.715 has a reasonable sensitivity and specificity for prediction of renal scarring in young @entity1 with febrile urinary tract infection.

title: Doppler ultrasonography as a predictive tool for permanent @entity8 following acute @entity2885 : comparison with XXXX scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity29582 :: ('MESH:D019783', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity9409 :: ('MESH:D004113', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity9409 :: (MESH:D004113,Chemical) :: ['dimercaptosuccinic acid']


abstract: @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA) (Wegener's) is a necrotizing systemic @entity1333 of the small-sized blood vessels, affecting kidneys, lungs, upper respiratory tract and skin. Cardiac valvular involvement is an uncommon manifestation of GPA. We report the case of a 60-year-old @entity1 with @entity625 and lung nodules due to GPA without antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) at time of diagnosis. Remission was obtained with @entity786 and @entity228 . @entity500 was then prescribed for 2years. Four years later, she developed severe inflammatory aortic and mitral valvular involvement characterized by GPA typical histopathological @entity340 . Search for ANCA was positive at this time (anti- @entity3335 ). Cardiac valvular involvement is a rare and potentially fatal complication of GPA and may misleadingly suggest @entity166 . A review of literature revealed few cases of histologically well-documented cardiac valvular involvement in GPA. Pathologists should be aware of @entity340 in GPA, which usually comprise @entity340 without any microbial agents.

title: A case of aortic and mitral valve involvement in XXXX with @entity2883 .

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomatosis', 'polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart diseases', 'valvular necrotic lesions', 'valvular lesions']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious endocarditis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['granulomatosis']


abstract: @entity2364 contains proteolytic activity after growth on various culture media. The enzyme activity could be found in the cytosolic fraction as well as in the cell envelopes (also containing the intracytoplasmic membranes). The highest proteolytic activity could be detected during the transition from the logarithmic growth phase to the stationary phase and in the early stationary phase, respectively. In the culture medium proteolytic activity was only evident in the later stationary phase. This activity was very instable and was liberated apparently by autolysis of the cells. The concentration of the @entity1568 source ( @entity17114 ) in the medium (i.g. with @entity598 as @entity505 source) influences the proteinase activities of the cells. When @entity1568 is limited, the proteolytic activity increases strongly in the stationary phase. The pH-profile of the azocaseinolytic activities of the cytosol was nearly the same as that of the cell envelopes (pH-optima are between 7 and 9). A partial inhibition of the proteolytic activities in the cytosol as well as in the cell envelopes could be attained by @entity563 proteinase inhibitors. Inhibitors of @entity1432 - and metalloproteinases showed no effects.

title: [Cell envelope-bound proteinase activities of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2364 :: ('471', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter calcoaceticus']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

answer: @entity2364 :: (471,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter calcoaceticus']


abstract: @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) requirements depend on body weight. Recommended dietary allowances (RDA) are mostly given in absolute amounts and are mostly similar for adults, despite differences in body composition in the adult age range. We therefore studied the interrelations of 24 h urinary @entity4612 excretion with body build and body composition indicators, as well as with factors potentially affecting the metabolism of @entity4612 , among 520 elderly @entity1 and @entity1 seen in a nationwide survey. @entity4612 intake data were also obtained in the Dutch Food Composition Survey amount 5898 subjects. The results showed lower mean @entity4612 intake among elderly @entity1 (especially @entity1 ) and positive associations of body weight and body height with urinary @entity4612 excretion, but not when expressed per mmol of @entity1011 excreted. @entity4612 excretion per mmol of @entity1011 was not associated with body weight, body height, body mass index or body @entity1386 ( @entity1 ), suggesting that the amount of fat mass did not affect @entity4612 excretion. @entity4612 excretion was positively correlated with @entity4612 intake, @entity1011 clearance, excretion of @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity460 , and coffee consumption, indicating interactions at the kidney level that may increase @entity4612 losses. Elderly @entity1 using diuretics and/or anticholinergics and male diabetics had a higher mean @entity4612 excretion per mmol of @entity1011 . The results show that, besides the @entity4612 intake, several factors affect the urinary @entity4612 excretion among elderly @entity1 . These factors were body build and body composition, dietary intake, drug use, kidney function, and @entity6 . A quantification of the effects cannot be made yet, and controlled studies on those factors potentially affecting the requirement of @entity4612 are needed.

title: Body composition, health status and urinary @entity1760 excretion among elderly XXXX (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity5426 most frequently occurs in the skin of the head and neck region of elderly @entity1 , lymphedematous limbs, or in deep soft tissue but only rarely has been described to occur in the female genital tract. Four cases of @entity5426 are described herein. They occurred in @entity1 25 to 42 years old (median, 31 years). The most common clinical presentation was @entity490 . All of the @entity5 were unilateral, hemorrhagic, and ranged from 3.5 cm to 14 cm (median, 13 cm). The histologic appearance of the @entity5 was varied, and often the vascular nature of the @entity5 was not apparent immediately. Some of the @entity5 had a fascicular growth pattern composed of spindle-shaped cells with ovoid nuclei and ample eosinophilic cytoplasm closely mimicking @entity1822 . Other @entity5 resembled @entity43 with a reticular growth pattern, whereas, in other areas, cystic structures lined by hobnailed hyperchromatic enlarged nuclei simulated clear cell @entity43 . Despite these misleading morphologic findings, all cases were characterized, at least focally, by vasoformative channels or discrete cytoplasmic vacuoles, and all were immunoreactive for vascular markers. Two @entity1 with spread of @entity5 outside of the ovary died 1 month and 2 years after initial diagnosis, respectively. Two @entity1 with @entity5 confined to the ovary are alive without evidence of disease 3 and 14 months after diagnosis, respectively. The differential diagnosis of this unusual @entity5 is discussed, and the literature is reviewed.

title: XXXX : clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of four cases with a broad morphologic spectrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian yolk sac tumor', 'carcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma of the ovary', 'Angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma of the ovary']


abstract: A subset of stem cells, termed "side population" (SP) cells, has been identified and characterized in several @entity1 tissues and cell lines. However, SP cells have never been identified or isolated from @entity1820 . We used flow cytometry and the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 to isolate SP cells from various @entity1 @entity1820 cell lines. Fifteen of sixteen @entity5 cell lines from the gastrointestinal system contained 0.3%-2.2% SP cells. Next, we used an oligonucleotide microarray to analyze differentially expressed genes between SP and non-SP cells of @entity157 @entity5959 . The expression of @entity43289 , which is associated with embryonic development and hepatocytic differentiation, was significantly upregulated in @entity5959 SP cells. The expression of @entity10430 , @entity1262 , and @entity23314 , which are associated with chemoresistance, was also significantly increased in SP cells. In addition, some epithelial markers and mesenchymal markers were overexpressed in SP cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining validated these results and suggested a multilineage potential for @entity5959 SP cells. In @entity157 @entity5959 and colorectal SW480 cell lines, SP cells showed evidence for self-renewal, generating both SP and non-SP cells. Finally, chemoresistance to anticancer agents, including @entity632 , @entity1487 , and @entity136 , were compared between @entity5959 SP and non-SP cells using an @entity855 bioluminescence assay. The @entity5959 SP cells expressed a higher resistance to @entity632 , @entity1487 , and @entity136 compared with non-SP cells. These findings demonstrate that @entity5 of the gastrointestinal system do contain SP cells that show some characteristics of so-called stem cells.

title: Characterization of a side population of @entity5 cells from XXXX gastrointestinal system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers', 'gastrointestinal system cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8619 planus is difficult and often requires the use of systemic @entity288 . This severe condition may lead to @entity353 and impairment of @entity1 ' general condition due to @entity158 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of @entity2816 in the treatment of @entity8619 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The efficacy and safety of @entity2816 were retrospectively evaluated in 6 @entity1 with @entity9338 resistant or relapsing despite high doses of oral @entity288 . @entity2816 was started at an initial dose of 50 to 100 mg/day and was then progressively decreased to the minimal effective dose. Follow-up evaluations were performed every two months by the same dermatologist. RESULTS: @entity75 was observed in 4 of 6 @entity1 after a mean duration of 4 months. Partial epithelialization of @entity75 , disappearance of @entity1282 and @entity1017 were observed in one @entity1 . Treatment failed in the last @entity1 . The mean dose of @entity229 of the 3 @entity1 receiving both @entity2816 and oral @entity288 decreased from 37 mg/day at the beginning of the study to 7 mg/day at the end of the study. Two @entity1 experienced severe side effects: @entity3527 and @entity16 , leading to @entity2816 discontinuation. @entity1697 rapidly relapsed after withdrawal of @entity2816 . DISCUSSION: @entity2816 seems to be an effective treatment of severe corticosteroid resistant and dependent or when systemic @entity288 are @entity8619 . Potentially serious side effects should restrict its use to the most severe forms of the disease.

title: [ @entity8619 planus with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Oral erosions']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['erosive lesions', 'Complete healing of erosive lesions']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['severe erosive lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful oral erosions']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['contraindicated erosive oral lichen planus', 'severe erosive oral lichen planus', 'Treatment of erosive oral lichen']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: @entity935 agonists are effective in some @entity1 with @entity2012 and in this condition treatment is considered to be chronic. We describe two acromegalic @entity1 who responded adequately to the long-acting @entity935 agonist @entity9229 , but surprisingly maintained normal GH and @entity442 levels once therapy was discontinued after 42 and 76 months because of possibly related side effects. A 32-year-old @entity1 with mild @entity2012 ( @entity442 : 423 microg/l, GH after OGTT: 2.5 microg/l, @entity652 4 mm) was treated with @entity9229 as primary therapy and reached safe GH levels (2 microg/l or less) and normal @entity442 levels with 3.5 mg @entity9229 weekly. After 42 months of therapy the @entity1 experienced a progressive decrease of libido, which she attributed to the intake of @entity9229 . After stopping medication, serum levels of GH and @entity442 remained normal during the following 2.5 years. A 53-year-old @entity1 with moderate @entity2012 (serum @entity442 : 547 microg/l, GH after OGTT: 5.9 microg/l, @entity652 7 mm) preferred @entity9229 as primary therapy. Serum GH levels below 2 microg/l and normal levels of @entity442 were obtained with 3.5 mg @entity9229 weekly. When the @entity1 experienced severe @entity158 after 76 months of treatment, @entity9229 was held responsible and discontinued. Serum GH and @entity442 did not increase again and stayed at the same level during a follow-up of 5.5 years. These two cases demonstrate that acromegalic @entity1 with a good response to @entity9229 may occasionally remain in remission after stopping therapy. This phenomenon has previously only been described in @entity1 with a @entity2013 .

title: Remission of XXXX following long-term therapy with @entity9229 : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['stomach pains']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: Neuropeptids orexins, also known as the hypocretins, are expressed in the lateral hypothalamus. Orexin-containing cells project widely throughout the brains, are crucial for the regulation of wakefulness and dysfunction of this system is associated with pathophysiology of @entity2724 . Orexin neurons play an important role in motivation, feeding and adaptive behaviors. Distribution of orexinergic receptors in the hippocampus tended to the ideas that orexins might be involved in the functions relating to the hippocampus. Effects of neuropeptide orexin-A on epileptiform activity in hippocampal slices were investigated. 500   m thick hippocampal slices from 8-10 week-old rodents were used. Field excitatory postsynaptic potential (pop-fEPSP) and population spike in @entity1399 of hippocamopus were registered using standard protocol of in vitro electrophysiological experiments. Initial slope of the fEPSP and amplitude of II pop-spike were measured. Bursting neurons in @entity1400 were recorded in modified saline. We have found that orexin-A decreases duration/amplitude of multiple discharges of pop-spikes and inhibits spontaneous @entity302 induced by @entity4781 in @entity1399 . Orexin-A also modulates the frequency of discharges of bursting neurons in @entity1400 . Our results suggest possible involvement of orexinergic system in antiepileptic action. Supported by ISTC Grant G-1318.

title: Orexinergic system and pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy-cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform afterdischarges']

entities_list: @entity4781 :: ('MESH:C017069', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline methiodide']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Primary @entity189 are rarely encountered in the laryngeal ventricle of Morgagni. They are classified into the subgroup of supraglottic @entity189 in the TNM classification system of @entity5 . However, detailed investigations have not hitherto been made on the possible occurrence of @entity189 in this region of the larynx. To find out whether the laryngeal ventricle could be the site of @entity105 , the author examined @entity1544 in the mucosal epithelium of 60 @entity1 laryngeal ventricles which were taken from 38 larynges removed operatively from @entity1 with @entity189 (14 cases), @entity189 (20 cases), @entity189 of the upper esophagus (two cases), @entity189 (one case) or @entity259 (one case). The @entity1 consisted of 31 males and 7 females, with an age distribution of 44 to 80, average 62.7. The laryngeal ventricles were selected for investigation only when they did not show any @entity3 macroscopically. Macroscopic observations were performed after gross staining with @entity10714 , which permits @entity1544 from respiratory epithelia. Tissues were embedded in @entity982 , sectioned serially and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 . The clinical records of the @entity1 were also made. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Squamous @entity4648 of the stratified ciliated epithelium was found in 38 out of 60 specimens (63%) of the laryngeal ventricles examined. 2. The @entity4648 seemed to be precipitated by smoking or exposure to radiation, along with aging. 3. The incidence and extent of @entity4648 of the ventricular mucosa depended on the disease entity which had necessitated total laryngectomy, and the @entity4648 was most prominent in cases with the supraglottic type of @entity189 . 4. The metaplastic epithelium was occasionally associated with @entity1373 or @entity1141 of the epithelium. 5. @entity189 was found in one laryngeal ventricle with severe @entity4648 . These findings suggested a possible de novo carcinogenic process in the laryngeal ventricle through @entity1544 of the respiratory epithelium. From this observation, the author proposes to call @entity189 of this region of the larynx the @entity189 .

title: [Squamous @entity4648 of the mucosa of the XXXX laryngeal ventricle: a clinicopathological study with reference to the possibility of de novo @entity105 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'tracheal carcinoma', 'laryngeal carcinoma', 'Microinvasive carcinoma', 'hypopharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'ventricular type of laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia', 'differentiation of squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous invasion']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We created a vaccine in which irradiated allogeneic @entity2220 cells are combined with a bystander K562 cell line transfected with @entity11603 and @entity2841 . By recruiting and activating dendritic cells, we hypothesized that the vaccine would induce @entity5 regression in metastatic @entity2220 . Intradermal vaccine was given q14 days*3, followed by monthly *3. @entity786 (300 mg/m IV) was administered before the first and fourth vaccines to deplete regulatory T cells. @entity1968 was given (150/mg/m/d) after the first and fourth vaccines to enhance dendritic cell differentiation. Twenty-four @entity1 were accrued at a single institution from October 2006 to June 2008, with a median age 64 years and median of 4 previous lines of systemic therapy. A total of 101 vaccines were administered. Common @entity137 were @entity10 (54%) and site reaction (38%). No radiologic responses were observed. Median overall survival was 7.9 months and median progression-free survival was 1.7 months. Of 14 @entity1 evaluable for immunological study, 5 had peptide-induced @entity405 T-cell activation after vaccination. Overall, vaccine administration was feasible in an extensively pretreated population of metastatic @entity2 . Despite a suggestion of clinical activity in the subset with immune response, the trial did not meet the primary endpoint of inducing radiologic @entity5 regression.

title: Phase II trial of a @entity2841 -producing and @entity11603 -expressing bystander cell line combined with an XXXX cell-based vaccine for @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['All-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['allogeneic tumor']


abstract: We examined the effects of the membrane-impermeant @entity1472 -group-modifying agent @entity2822 ( @entity2823 ) on the basal and insulin-stimulated @entity12015 -transport activity of isolated @entity35 adipocytes. Pre-treatment of cells with @entity2823 causes irreversible inhibition of transport measured in subsequently washed cells. Transport activity was inhibited by approx. 50% with 2 mM- @entity2823 in 8 min. The cells respond to insulin, after @entity2823 treatment and removal, and the fold increase in transport above the basal value caused by maximal concentrations of insulin was independent of the concentration of @entity2823 used for pre-treatment over the range 0-2 mM, where basal activity was progressively inhibited. The ability of @entity2823 to modify selectively @entity12015 transporters accessible only to the external milieu was evaluated by two methods. (1) Free intracellular @entity2823 , and the distribution of @entity2823 bound to cellular components, were assessed after dialysis of the homogenate and subcellular fractionation on @entity969 gradients by direct spectroscopic measurement of @entity941 . Most (98%) of the @entity2823 was associated with the non-diffusible fractions. Equilibrium sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation of the homogenate demonstrated that the subcellular distribution of the bound @entity2823 correlated with the density distribution of a plasma-membrane marker, but not markers for Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria or protein. Exposing the cellular homogenate, rather than the intact cell preparation, to 2 mM- @entity2823 resulted in a 4-5-fold increase in total bound @entity2823 , and the density-distribution profile more closely resembled the distribution of total protein. (2) Incubation of hexokinase preparations with @entity2823 rapidly and irreversibly inactivates this protein. However, both intracellular hexokinase total activity and its apparent Michaelis constant for @entity413 were unaffected in @entity2823 -treated intact cells. Further control experiments demonstrated that @entity2823 pre-treatment of cells had no effect on the intracellular @entity855 concentration or the dose-response curve of insulin stimulation of @entity12015 transport. Since the fold increase of @entity12015 transport induced by insulin is constant over the range of inhibition of surface-labelled @entity12015 transporters, we suggest that insulin-induced insertion of additional transporters into the plasma membrane may not be the major locus of acceleration of @entity12015 transport by the hormone.

title: Insulin stimulation of @entity413 transport in isolated XXXX adipocytes. Functional evidence for insulin activation of intrinsic transporter activity within the plasma membrane.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity328 (Spneu) remains the most lethal bacterial pathogen and the dominant agent of community-acquired @entity55 . Treatment has perennially focused on the use of antibiotics, albeit scrutinized due to the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Spneu strains. Immunomodulatory strategies have emerged as potential treatment options. Although promising, immunomodulation can lead to improper tissue functions either at steady state or upon infectious challenge. This argues for the availability of tools to enable a detailed assessment of whole pulmonary functions during the course of infection, not only those functions biased to the defense response. Thus, through the use of an unbiased tissue microarray and bioinformatics approach, we aimed to construct a comprehensive map of whole-lung transcriptional activity and cellular pathways during the course of @entity2258 . We performed genome-wide transcriptional analysis of whole lungs before and 6 and 48 h after @entity7706 in @entity19 . The 4,000 most variable transcripts across all samples were used to assemble a gene coexpression network comprising 13 intercorrelating modules (clusters of genes). Fifty-four percent of this whole-lung transcriptional network was altered 6 and 48 h after @entity7706 . Canonical signaling pathway analysis uncovered known pathways imparting protection, including @entity636 / @entity25949 signaling and previously undetected mechanisms that included lipid metabolism. Through in silico prediction of cell types, pathways were observed to enrich for distinct cell types such as a novel stromal cell lipid metabolism pathway. These cellular mechanisms were furthermore anchored at functional hub genes of cellular fate, differentiation, growth and transcription. Collectively, we provide a benchmark unsupervised map of whole-lung transcriptional relationships and cellular activity during early and late @entity2258 .

title: Modular Transcriptional Networks of the Host Pulmonary Response during Early and Late XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['Spneu infection']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity2258 :: (MESH:D011018,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal Pneumonia']


abstract: @entity5341 , a sulphur-containing compound with antifibrotic and hepatoprotective properties in several animal models, has been investigated in cirrhotic @entity1 . Nine @entity1 with @entity82 of various aetiologies and severity, and 4 healthy volunteers, participated in a pharmacokinetic study. After a single dose of 500 mg @entity5341 p.o. peak @entity5341 plasma concentration measured by GC-MS was 35 times higher in @entity1 (median 0.70 micrograms/ml) than in controls (median 0.019 micrograms/ml). The median apparent oral clearance was approximately 50 times lower in cirrhotics (median 2.21/min) than in healthy volunteers (1181/min). The apparent oral clearance was significantly correlated with indicators of portal-systemic shunting, such as the 2-h postprandial serum @entity3645 and the bioavailability of oral @entity12118 . Urinary output of the glucuronidated metabolite-(M3), measured by HPLC, was normal in @entity1 , whereas recovery of metabolite-M6 (resulting from ring opening and loss of sulphur) was reduced. Six @entity1 in an open 6-month trial received @entity5341 200 mg t.i.d. for 2 months and 400 mg t.i.d. for 4 months. The thrombocyte count increased and serum ferritin level fell in all patients, and serum cholinesterase rose and IgA decreased in 5 of 6. The other indicators of liver function did not show a significant change. Dry skin was the only possible adverse effect. It is concluded that first-pass elimination of @entity5341 is dramatically reduced in cirrhotics, and that a smaller amount of the drug reaches the liver in such @entity1 . @entity5341 was well tolerated, even in @entity1 with @entity1442 .

title: Treatment of liver disease with @entity5341 . A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phase II study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5341 :: ('MESH:C024808', 'Chemical') :: ['malotilate', 'Malotilate']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: The @entity6510 ( @entity6510 ) and endogenous agonists of this receptor are present in the central and peripheral nervous systems including the @entity344 . The surgically rejected specimens of @entity1 @entity14 and paired normal tissues were studied to detect mutations in the @entity6510 gene by sequencing method. The results were compared to clinicopathological parameters and correlated with overall survival time. Sixty-three @entity14 @entity1 , who underwent surgical excision of @entity14 , were included in this study. The coding region of the @entity6510 gene was studied: a @entity377 change ( @entity34405 was identified by direct sequencing of PCR. Thirty-eight @entity1 had the G/G genotype (wild type) in @entity5 areas and 25 @entity1 had G/A heterozygous or A/A homozygous genotype. Univariate analysis revealed 2 independent variables associated with @entity6510 gene mutation. The results show that the @entity1 with Dukes stage C and D had a 2.9 times (p = 0.04) and @entity1 that were lymph node positive had 2.8 times (p = 0.05) greater probability of @entity377 change in @entity6510 gene. Genotype G/A plus A/A had a shorter overall survival time than G/G wild-type @entity1 (p < 0.05). Indeed nontumor paired colorectal tissues showed @entity377 change. A large number of @entity1 with mutation in the @entity6510 gene were observed. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of further studies in the use of cannabinoid analogs as receptor ligands to analyze potential therapeutic effects.

title: Single XXXX change in the @entity6510 ( @entity6510 ) gene in @entity14 outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6510 :: ('1268', 'Gene') :: ['cannabinoid receptor-1', 'CNR-1', 'CNR1']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal nervous system']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: @entity2069 OspC is an outer membrane lipoprotein required for the establishment of @entity281 in mammals. Due to its universal distribution among @entity2069 sensu lato strains and high antigenicity, it is being explored for the development of a next-generation Lyme disease vaccine. An understanding of the surface presentation of OspC will facilitate efforts to maximize its potential as a vaccine candidate. OspC forms homodimers at the cell surface, and it has been hypothesized that it may also form oligomeric arrays. Here, we employ site-directed mutagenesis to test the hypothesis that interdimeric @entity1520 bonds at @entity462 130 (C130) mediate oligomerization. @entity31350 ospC was replaced with a @entity60176 substitution mutant to yield strain @entity31350 ::ospC( @entity60176 ). Recombinant protein was also generated. @entity1520 -bond-dependent oligomer formation was demonstrated and determined to be dependent on C130. Oligomerization was not required for in vivo function, as @entity31350 ::ospC( @entity60176 ) retained infectivity and disseminated normally. The total IgG response and the induced isotype pattern were similar between @entity19 infected with untransformed @entity31350 and those infected with the @entity31350 ::ospC( @entity60176 ) strain. These data indicate that the immune response to OspC is not significantly altered by formation of OspC oligomers, a finding that has significant implications in Lyme disease vaccine design.

title: XXXX -mediated oligomer formation in @entity2069 outer surface protein C, a critical virulence factor and potential Lyme disease vaccine candidate.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi', 'Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['Disulfide', 'disulfide']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['Disulfide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was designed to evaluate seven prescreening @entity170 models in postmenopausal Iranian @entity1 . This study was performed on 8644 postmenopausal @entity1 who have been referred for @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity79 center of Shariati hospital in Tehran between 2001 and 2011. Diagnostic properties of seven prescreening instruments were evaluated. With regard to area under curve (AUC), these models have low accuracy (AUC   <=  0.65). Considering only femoral neck or total femur area, these models had low accuracy but were more sensitive. Except for three models with sensitivities of  <=65  % in both @entity170 and @entity174 threshold, other models were around 70  % sensitive. However, these models were not considered clinically useful regarding their positive predictive values ( @entity2286 ) especially in BMDs  <=02.5. With regard to different measures of diagnostic property, none of these models were good screening tools for @entity170 or @entity174 threshold. Although some of them are sensitive, considering other measures such as @entity2286 indicates that they are not completely useful for clinical use. Attempts should be made for developing newer prescreening methods and calibration of the existing models with regard to the studied population.

title: Clinical performance of seven prescreening tools for XXXX in Iranian postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral densitometry', 'BMD']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyse the @entity2194 that were seen at the an outreach post. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data on 883 @entity1 was collected from records of @entity1 starting from January 2005 to August 2005 at the Saminaka outreach eye clinic. Information on age, sex occupation, visual acuity was analysed in addition to data on diagnosis of presenting condition after a full ocular examination. RESULTS: Out of 883 @entity1 seen, 397 (45 %) were female and 486 (55%) were male. The @entity1 seen consisted of 258 (29 %) @entity1 between the ages of 1 day to 14 years old. And adults made up 625 (70.7%) of the @entity1 population. The data for analysis of diagnosis was available for only 680(77 %) of the total @entity1 seen within this period. @entity6063 was the most commonly occurring condition at (23.3%) of the total followed by @entity231 constituting (16.3 %) of all diagnoses. This was closely followed by vernal and @entity56 making up 11.6% and 11.3% respectively. Other conditions of note included @entity2516 which made up 4.1% and consisted mainly of presbyopes with only two myopes, @entity3225 neonatorum (3.8 %), @entity1036 3.8 % and blunt @entity130 making up 3.4%. CONCLUSION: Preventable and curable eye conditions were th,main conditions found at the outreach post.

title: XXXX at Lere local government outreach post in Kaduna State of northern Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity6063 :: ('MESH:D003234', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmia']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Ocular disease']


abstract: Although @entity75 are common in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), clinically they may not be differentiated from other diseases with papulopustular presentation such as @entity5477 or @entity14663 . Therefore, there is disagreement as to whether they should be used as a diagnostic criterion in @entity195 . The aim of this study was to determine whether the histopathologic evaluation of the @entity75 may assist in the diagnosis of @entity195 . Eighteen @entity1 with @entity195 and 16 control @entity1 consisting of eleven @entity1 with @entity2348 and five @entity1 with @entity5477 were included in the study. After the detailed histopathologic evaluation by two pathologists who were blinded to the clinical diagnoses, the histopathologic findings were classified into three patterns as follows; pattern I: @entity1333 (lymphocytic or leucocytoclastic); pattern II: @entity14663 and/or @entity25911 ; pattern III: superficial and/or deep perivascular, and/or interstitial @entity1909 . In addition, direct immunofluorescence studies were performed in order to evaluate the deposition of IgM, IgG, IgA, C3, or fibrinogen in dermal blood vessels. 27.8% of the @entity1 with @entity195 (5 @entity1 ) revealed @entity1333 , while none of the control group did; and the difference was found statistically significant (P=0.046). The rate of pattern II which included @entity14663 and/or @entity25911 was 50.0% in control @entity1 and 16.7% in the @entity1 with @entity195 ; and the difference was found statistically significant (P=0.038). No difference was found between the two groups with regard to pattern III or direct immunofluorescence findings (P>0.05). Our results indicate that only vasculitic changes can be useful when histopathological features of @entity75 are to be employed as a diagnostic criterion in @entity1 with suspected @entity195 .

title: Histopathologic and direct immunofluorescence findings of the @entity75 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['papulopustular lesions']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity25911 :: ('MESH:C562486', 'Disease') :: ['perifolliculitis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's disease']


abstract: The cytotoxic effect of @entity6835 -like toxin (Stx; produced by certain @entity526 strains) plays a central role in typical @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ). It damages the renal endothelium by inhibiting the cellular protein synthesis. Also, the monocyte has a specific receptor for Stx but is not sensitive for the cytotoxic effect. In this work, monocytes were studied as a potential transporter for Stx to the renal endothelium. Coincubation of isolated @entity1 monocytes loaded with Stx and target cells (vero cells and @entity1 umbilical vascular endothelial cells) were performed. Transfer was determined by measuring the protein synthesis of target cells and by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effect of a temperature shift on loaded monocytes was investigated. Stx-loaded monocytes reduced the protein synthesis of target cells. After adding an antibody against Stx, incomplete recovery occurred. Also, adding only the supernatant of coincubation was followed by protein synthesis inhibition. Stx detached from its receptor on the monocyte after a change in temperature, and no release was detected without this temperature shift. Although the monocyte plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1381 , it has no role in the transfer of Stx.

title: Interactions of XXXX -like toxin with @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

answer: @entity6835 :: (MESH:D004405,Disease) :: ['Shiga']


abstract: Nine @entity1 (6 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) were diagnosed with a primary @entity2 . The average age at diagnosis was 9 years. Presenting complaints included cough (7), @entity221 (5), @entity358 (3), respiratory distress (3), @entity353 (2), @entity158 (2), and hemoptysis (1). Pulmonary x-rays showed persistent @entity891 , pneumonic infiltrates or mass lesions. A computed tomography scan was performed in 8. Five of six endobronchial @entity5 were diagnosed with bronchoscopy and biopsy. Treatment consisted of thoracotomy and pulmonary resection in 7 cases and laser resection in 2. The pathologic diagnoses were @entity4303 (3), @entity3975 (1), @entity6437 (plasma cell granuloma) of the bronchus (2) and of the lung parenchyma (1), @entity1492 (1), and @entity980 (1). Postoperative chemotherapy was given only to the @entity1 with @entity358 ; this @entity1 died. One @entity1 has developed a local recurrence while 7 @entity1 are alive and free of disease at an average of 2.4 years postresection. @entity2 are unusual in the pediatric age group and represent a wide spectrum of pathology. Including the present series, 383 @entity5 have been described. Seventy-six percent were malignant. Early investigation and surgical intervention are essential in @entity1 with persistent pulmonary symptoms or x-ray abnormalities. In most cases, the prognosis is excellent with complete surgical resection; however, @entity5 other than @entity652 are associated with significantly mortality.

title: Childhood primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'girls', 'child', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['endobronchial or pulmonary parenchymal neoplasm', 'Pulmonary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma', 'pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial adenoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pulmonary neoplasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of @entity85 , site and @entity130 , and the most common injury diagnoses in young ballet dancers at the Royal Swedish Ballet School, a public school in Stockholm. METHODS: This retrospective study of 476 students (297 @entity1 and 179 @entity1 ) aged 10-21 years was based on medical records for the period August 1988 to June 1995. Data on diagnosis, site of injury and @entity130 were collected, and the @entity130 were classified as traumatic or due to overuse. RESULTS: In total, 438 @entity130 were recorded. The injury incidence rate was 0.8 per 1,000 dance hours in both female and male dancers and tended to increase with increasing age. Most @entity130 occurred as the result of overuse. Seventy-six per cent of all @entity130 occurred in the lower extremities. @entity3681 was the most common traumatic diagnosis, while the most common overuse-related diagnosis was @entity924 pedis. A few gender differences were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that there is a need to apply primary injury prevention in young ballet dancers. Future studies could aim to identify (1) injury risk factors and (2) injury prevention programmes that are effective at reducing injury rates in young dancers.

title: XXXX in young ballet dancers.

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['Ankle sprain']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'type of injury']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Musculoskeletal injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluctuation of expression and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in normal @entity1 endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-three normal endometrial tissues were obtained from fertile @entity1 who had undergone hysterectomies for reasons other than @entity1478 . @entity3962 expression were studied by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity was analyzed by gel kinase assay. RESULTS: Western blotting analysis with anti-pan-extracellular signal-regulated kinase antibody mainly demonstrated an immunoreactive band of 42 kd that corresponded to @entity12206 in the endometrium. The expression of @entity12206 tended to increase in the secretory phase. Immunohistochemical analysis for @entity3963 in endometrial sections revealed a weak staining of glands and almost no staining of stromal cells. Immunohistochemical analysis for @entity12206 in endometrial sections revealed a distinct staining of glands in both proliferative and secretory phases and a weak staining of stromal cells. Although the intensity of staining for @entity12206 in stromal cells did not change during the secretory phase, in the glands the @entity12206 was highly stained in the mid-to-late secretory phase. In gel kinase assay revealed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity was increased significantly in the mid-to-late secretory phase. CONCLUSION: Expression and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the @entity1 endometrium was increased particularly during the secretory phase. We suggest that fluctuation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the @entity1 endometrium may be induced by ovarian @entity134 hormones.

title: Expression and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in the XXXX endometrium during the menstrual cycle.

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, -1, and -2']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial disease']

entities_list: @entity12206 :: ('5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The morphological effects of antibiotic therapy with either single or repeated (8 hourly) injections of @entity5505 were examined in @entity95 with experimentally induced @entity884 and @entity3665 . At 3 h after initiating treatment, many of the bacteria, irrespective of the location of the colony, showed evidence of abnormal ultrastructural changes of the cytoplasm and/or cell wall. By 8 h many degenerate lysed bacteria were present. By 24 h, in @entity95 which received a single injection, bacterial colonies contained many normal and dividing bacteria. In comparison, bacterial colonies at 24 h in @entity95 receiving repeated injections consisted of large masses of lysed bacteria with only a few viable appearing thick-walled 'persistent' cells. At 48 and 72 h, no viable appearing bacteria were observed although they could be isolated by culture methods. Treatment was associated with an increased inflammatory cell response at the surface of the vegetation and within the vasculature. In the later stages there was evidence of healing with endothelialization of the lesions. It would appear, therefore, that @entity5505 penetrates efficiently into the vegetations with only a short transitory phase at sub-bactericidal concentrations. The few 'persistent' bacteria appear to be protected from the host defences by the surrounding @entity715 which prevents their eradication.

title: A morphological study of the effect of treatment with the antibiotic @entity5505 on experimental XXXX and @entity3665 .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['staphylococcal endocarditis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are distinct trajectories of @entity615 and function among older adults, and to identify characteristics that distinguish among @entity1 with substantially different prognoses. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although the differential diagnosis and course of @entity1643 among older adults may differ from middle-aged adults, there is little evidence. Better understanding variability in recovery among older adults may help target @entity1 for more intensive clinical interventions, plan resource use, and design clinical studies of more homogeneous @entity1 groups. METHODS: @entity1 aged 65 or older with a new episode of care for @entity615 were recruited at 3 geographically diverse sites. @entity1 completed @entity158 intensity and Roland-Morris Disability measures at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months later. We used latent class analysis to identify distinct trajectories of @entity158 and function, then logistic regression to identify predictors of membership in the improving trajectories. RESULTS: There were 3,929 @entity1 who completed outcome measures at every follow-up interval. Latent class analysis identified subgroups with low, intermediate, or high @entity158 or disability scores who remained relatively stable over time. However, small subgroups showed dramatic improvement from baseline to 1 year (17% with major improvement in Roland score, @entity158 intensity, or both). Shorter @entity158 duration, higher @entity1 confidence in improvement, and fewer comorbid conditions at baseline were each associated independently with favorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although most @entity1 remained relatively stable over a year, latent class analysis identified small groups with major improvement in @entity158 , function, or both. This technique may therefore be useful for studying @entity615 prognosis. Our results should help to assemble more prognostically-homogeneous groups for research and the technique may help to identify subgroups of @entity1 with uniquely successful responses to investigational interventions.

title: Trajectories of Symptoms and Function in Older Adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Low Back Disorders']


abstract: CXC chemokines modulate host immunity, @entity2295 , growth and invasive behaviour of @entity5 . Despite their relevance in @entity5 biology, chemokine expression in intestinal- and diffuse-type @entity356 , which exhibit a completely different growth pattern, has not been investigated in detail. In this study, expression of the CXC chemokines @entity687 [ @entity687 ], @entity2851 [growth-related oncogene alpha ( @entity2851 )], @entity373 [monokine induced by @entity379 ] and @entity371 [ @entity371 ( @entity371 )] and the corresponding chemokine receptors @entity7415 -3 was investigated by immunohistochemistry in intestinal- and diffuse-type @entity356 . @entity5 cells of all @entity1 expressed @entity687 . @entity687 expression was significantly stronger in @entity5 cells of diffuse- rather than intestinal-type @entity356 (P < 0.01) as determined by a semiquantitative score. @entity2851 was expressed almost exclusively by diffuse- but not intestinal-type @entity189 cells. The corresponding chemokine receptors, @entity7415 and @entity7416 , were found on @entity189 cells. Furthermore, @entity687 expression correlated with number of @entity5 vessels (P < 0.01), suggesting an angiogenetic function in @entity356 not only in vitro but also in vivo. @entity371 and @entity373 , attractants for T cells, were expressed by peritumorous macrophages in close proximity to @entity379 -producing @entity366 -positive T cells in both @entity5 types. These chemokines may attract @entity356 -infiltrating T cells via an @entity379 -mediated pathway and enhance host immunity against the @entity5 . In @entity356 a complex interplay between CXC-chemokine signals derived from both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -infiltrating immune cells may exhibit pleiotropic effects in @entity5 biology that go far beyond their originally described functions as leucocyte chemoattractants. Because @entity687 and @entity2851 , which are known to increase growth and invasive behaviour of @entity5 , are significantly stronger expressed in diffuse- than intestinal-type @entity356 , one may speculate that these chemokines influence the different growth pattern of @entity356 types.

title: Pleiotropic effects of CXC chemokines in XXXX : differences in @entity687 and @entity2851 expression between diffuse and intestinal types of @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumour', 'tumours', 'Tumour']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

entities_list: @entity371 :: ('3627', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10', 'IP-10', 'CXCL10']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2805 ( @entity2805 ) is defined as a scar, which is raised above the skin level and remains within the confines of the original lesion. The authors hypothesize that small surface area burns can be left to heal beyond 21 days without an increase in the incidence of @entity2805 formation, within the confines of a carefully selected @entity1 population. The authors have documented the number of days to healing in all @entity1 conservatively managed in their outpatient burns clinic. All @entity1 who took longer than 21 days to heal receive a follow-up telephone call. A multivariate regression analysis is used to confirm significant factors that impede healing time. This study included 181 conservatively managed burns with a male:female ratio of 1.63:1 and average age of 24.7    21.69 years (range, 1 month to 85 years). In total, 32 @entity1 (18%) took more than 21 days to heal (range, 22-88 days), of which five @entity1 presented with @entity2805 (days to healing range, 23-47; one mixed depth and four deep dermal). One @entity1 did not attend for follow-up, two @entity1 settled with @entity1346 gel alone whereas one settled with pressure garments. One @entity1 is still being seen. The only significant factor in predicting time to healing in the ANOVA model in this study was depth of burn (P = .01; confidence interval, 1.18-6.07). Advances in wound care and better understanding of the physiological processes involved in healing may now enable the management of smaller burns with dressings, delaying the need for early surgical debridement and skin grafting in certain individuals.

title: Challenging the dogma: relationship between time to healing and formation of XXXX after burn injuries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic scarring', 'HTS']

answer: @entity2805 :: (MESH:D017439,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic scars']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7364 Background: The outcomes for @entity1 with @entity2 are dismal, with one-year survival rates of approximately 35%. We are evaluating the combination of @entity2600 (I) and @entity3003 (C) in @entity1 with stage IIIB and IV @entity1149 . A preliminary report of this study was presented earlier (ASCO 2003, A 2704) Methods: Eligible @entity1 include those with histological or cytological diagnosis of @entity1149 , no previous chemotherapy for @entity2 and performance status ECOG 0-1. The first five @entity1 received I 250 mg/m2 over 90 minutes followed by C at an AUC of 5 over 1 hour. Subsequently the dose of I was reduced to 200 mg/m2 in due to poor neutrophil recovery in the first 5 @entity1 . Chemotherapy cycles were repeated every 21 days. @entity1 were reevaluated every 2 cycles. RESULTS: Of a planned 37 @entity1 , 36 have been enrolled, of whom 27 (72%) completed 2 or more cycles and are evaluable for response. 14 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 have been enrolled, with a median age of 62. 126 cycles have been administered, 36 of which were delayed. 12 of 36 delays occurred in the first 3 @entity1 , who received the higher (250mg/m2) I dose. 72% of @entity1 received 2 cycles, 52% of @entity1 received 4 cycles and 30% received all 6 cycles. @entity137 : The main @entity137 is hematologic: 10 @entity1 had grade 4 @entity1398 , of whom 5 were hospitalized with @entity221 (13%). There have been 3 deaths on study: 1 @entity221 , 1 disease progression in lung and 1 transfusion-assocated @entity651 ; only the first was thought to be treatment related. Other @entity137 included @entity788 , @entity4436 and @entity2294 . Responses: To date there have been five PR (26%) and 14 @entity168 (51%); 8 @entity1 (22%) developed @entity1726 during treatment. Median followup is 458 days. CONCLUSIONS: The regimen of I and C administered every three weeks is tolerable and convenient, with evidence of activity. The main @entity137 is hematological. This study is actively accruing and nearing its completion. Pharmacogenomic data is also being collected on these @entity1 , and will be correlated with @entity137 / response. [Table: see text].

title: Phase II study of @entity2600 and @entity3003 in advanced @entity1149 ( XXXX ): Updated results of an ongoing study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyse lymphocyte subsets in consecutive peripheral blood samples and consecutive @entity5 tissue core needle biopsies performed before and during @entity1199 based immunotherapy, and to correlate the findings with objective response and survival. Twenty-six @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 were treated with low dose s.c. @entity1199 , interferon-alpha and @entity112 . A total of 250 blood samples and 62 core needle biopsies from 23 and 19 of these @entity1 , respectively, were analysed. After 2 weeks of treatment, a significant positive correlation between absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (P=0.028), CD3 (P=0.017), @entity4755 (P=0.041) and objective response was demonstrated. There was no correlation between any peripheral blood leukocyte subsets and survival. @entity137 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was not correlated to objective response or survival. Within the @entity5 tissue at baseline, a significant positive correlation between @entity404 (P=0.027), @entity405 (P=0.028), @entity4755 (P=0.007) and objective response was demonstrated. After one month of immunotherapy, a significant positive correlation between intratumoral CD3 (P=0.026), @entity405 (P=0.015), @entity4755 (P=0.009) and objective response was demonstrated. A significant positive correlation between intratumoral baseline @entity404 (P=0.047), baseline @entity4755 (P=0.035), CD3 at one month (P=0.049) and survival was demonstrated. These data provide novel in vivo evidence of the possible contribution of lymphocyte subsets in the @entity5 reduction in responding @entity1 during @entity1199 based immunotherapy. Confirmation of the results requires further studies including a larger number of @entity1 .

title: Intratumoural and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 undergoing XXXX based immunotherapy: association to objective response and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: There were no studies on the different stages of @entity2316 in Saudi Arabia, particularly the earliest stages. We have therefore investigated the frequency of occurrence of varying degrees of @entity644 including microalbuminuria in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) Saudi @entity1 as well as the correlation of varying degrees of @entity644 with other @entity2412 and risk factors. One hundred and twenty-five @entity2175 @entity1 were studied. Fifty-seven were males and 68 were females. Their mean age was 49.8 +/- 10 years with a mean duration of @entity6 of 9.48 +/- 6 years. The mean of HbA1c was 10.3 +/- 2.6%, serum @entity1011 was 76.7 +/- 23 mmol/L, @entity1011 clearance 94.3 mL/min, glomerular filtration rate 129.7 +/- 44 and effective renal plasma flow was 496.5 +/- 153. The pattern of @entity644 group was as follows: @entity1985 range @entity644 5.6%, clinical @entity644 30.4%, microalbuminuria 16.8%. @entity101 and @entity989 were present in 36.8% and 37% of the @entity1 respectively. A significant correlation was found between the presence of @entity101 , duration of @entity6 and development of @entity2316 . Similarly, a significant correlation was found between @entity989 and the degree of @entity644 . In conclusion, the pattern of @entity2316 in the Saudi @entity2175 @entity1 is similar to that in the Western world. @entity101 and duration of @entity6 are important risk factors in the development of @entity2316 . There is a good correlation between @entity989 and the degree of @entity644 .

title: The pattern of @entity2316 among Saudi @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Early molecular responses to @entity683 (FLUA) virus strain A/X-31 H3N2 in macrophages were explored using J774.A1 and RAW 264.7 @entity19 cell lines. @entity1991 ( @entity1991 ) was reported to be central to FLUA host-response in other cell types. Our data showed that FLUA activation of the classical @entity1991 dependent pathway in these macrophages was minimal. Regulator proteins, @entity58167 (IkBa, @entity10181 ), showed limited degradation peaking at 2 h post FLUA exposure and @entity1992 was not observed to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Additionally, the non-canonical @entity1991 pathway was not activated in response to FLUA. The cells did display early increases in @entity637 and other inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Mitogen activated phosphokinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are also reported to control production of inflammatory cytokines in response to FLUA. The activation of the MAPKs, cJun kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity11957 ( @entity8837 ), and @entity1995 were investigated in both cell lines between 0.25 and 3 h post-infection. Each of these kinases showed increased phosphorylation post FLUA exposure. JNK phosphorylation occurred early while @entity1995 phosphorylation appeared later. Phosphorylation of @entity8837 occurred earlier in J774.A1 cells compared to RAW 264.7 cells. Inhibition of MAPK activation resulted in decreased production of most FLUA responsive cytokines and chemokines in these cells. The results suggest that in these monocytic cells the MAPK pathways are important in the early response to FLUA.

title: Early activation of MAP kinases by influenza A virus X-31 in XXXX macrophage cell lines.

entities_list: @entity11957 :: ('26419;26420', 'Gene') :: ['JNK 1/2), extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza A']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The compound @entity864 ( @entity865 ) is extremely toxic to the P13 subclone of the Jurkat @entity1 @entity1619 line. By selecting for growth in the presence of @entity865 , we have isolated two @entity865 -resistant variants of these cells, P13-50 and @entity5125 . Studies of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) enzyme activity, immunoblot analyses, and assays for @entity7131 mRNAs indicate that both of these variants express lower levels of @entity7131 than do the parental P13 cells. We suggest that this protects them from the toxic effects of @entity865 . The @entity5125 /A8 cells are of particular interest because not only are they resistant to @entity865 @entity137 but they actually require @entity865 for optimal growth. These cells have a more profound decrease in @entity7131 expression that do P13-50 cells. In addition, @entity5125 /A8 cells display very little, if any, surface expression of @entity1195 , a receptor-linked @entity669 protein phosphatase, and @entity2952 , a lymphocyte-specific @entity669 kinase. On the other hand, they express a very high level of interleukin-2 receptor. A model is proposed that suggests that these cells are dependent on @entity865 because they have defects in both the @entity7131 and @entity669 kinase signal transduction pathways, and that @entity865 compensates for these defects by providing a strong stimulus to the residual level of @entity7131 . This variant may be useful for studying the interactions between @entity669 kinase and @entity7131 pathways in controlling the various functions of T lymphocytes.

title: Altered expression of @entity7131 , @entity2952 , and @entity1195 in a XXXX -dependent @entity1619 -cell variant that expresses a high level of interleukin-2 receptor.

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: A case of cranial @entity3 of @entity157 is reported. A 77-year-old @entity1 with an elastic hard @entity5 in the right temporal region was referred to our department on April 30, 1992. On admission, the @entity1 had slight weakness of the left upper limb. Plain skull X-ray and computed tomography (CT) showed @entity79 in the right temporal region. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed that the @entity5 was hypo-intense with T1-sequences and hyper-intense with T2-sequences, and included hyper-intense spots on both T1- and T2-images. Right carotid angiography showed that the @entity5 was fed by the middle meningeal and accessory meningeal arteries. The @entity1 became disoriented, and the @entity1269 worsened on May 4, 1992. CT scan revealed an irregular high-density area in the @entity5 because of @entity548 . After embolization of the arteries feeding the @entity5 , surgery was performed on May 8, 1992, and the @entity5 was totally removed. Histological examination of the @entity5 specimen revealed that it was a metastatic @entity157 . The @entity1 died 8 months after initial diagnosis because of @entity157 .

title: [A case of cranial @entity3 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intratumoral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The effects of restraint stress and opiates on prolactin secretion in male @entity35 have been measured. Both induced a short-lived increase in prolactinaemia. Experimental evidence indicates that both opioids and restraint stress bring about their actions by the activation of opioid receptors. When restraint stress was followed by administration of the specific kappa-agonist @entity8539 , a second prolactin peak was observed. In contrast, @entity1286 (predominantly a mu-agonist) lost its prolactin-stimulating capacity when given after a period of restraint stress. This indicates cross-tolerance between restraint stress and @entity1286 . Tolerance was overcome when the dose of @entity1286 was doubled, and an increase in prolactin secretion could again be obtained. The cross-tolerance phenomenon argues that a common opioid receptor is involved in @entity1286 - and restraint stress-stimulated prolactin release. In another set of experiments, in which @entity1286 administration replaced restraint stress as a means of inducing tolerance, a second rise in prolactinaemia was seen only with @entity8539 and not with a further administration of @entity1286 . This suggests a @entity1286 (mu) receptor-specific development of tolerance. Two consecutive administrations of @entity8539 also produced tolerance, in this case for the kappa-receptor. This illustrates the rapid and receptor-specific development of tolerance for the prolactin-releasing capacity of opioid compounds.

title: Analysis of the receptor specificity of tolerance induction in stress versus opioid-related prolactin secretion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8539 :: ('MESH:C027248', 'Chemical') :: ['bremazocine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Combination treatment for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is becoming more popular due to the anticipation that it may be more effective than single drug treatment. In addition, there are efforts to genetically screen @entity1 for specific mutations in light of attempting to administer specific anticancer agents that are most effective. In this study, we evaluate the anticancer and anti-angiogenic effects of low dose @entity3866 - @entity900 combination in @entity1149 in vitro and in vivo. In @entity1149 cells harboring @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutations, combination @entity3866 - @entity900 treatment led to synergistic cell death, but there was minimal efficacy in @entity1149 cells with wild-type @entity470 . In xenograft models, combination treatment also demonstrated greater inhibition of @entity5 growth compared to individual treatment. The anti- @entity5 effect observed was secondary to the targeting of angiogenesis, evidenced by decreased @entity7 ( @entity7 ) levels and decreased levels of @entity2279 and microvessel density. Combination treatment targets angiogenesis through down-regulation of the @entity517 / @entity519 inducible factor 1-alpha ( @entity7738 ) pathway. In fact, cell lines with @entity470 exon 19 deletions expressed high basal levels of @entity517 and @entity7738 and correlate with robust responses to combination treatment. These results suggest that low dose @entity3866 - @entity900 combination exhibits its anti- @entity5 activity by targeting angiogenesis through the modulation of the @entity517 / @entity7738 / @entity7 pathway in @entity1149 with @entity470 exon 19 deletions. These findings may have significant clinical implications in @entity1 with @entity5 harboring @entity470 exon 19 deletions as they may be particularly sensitive to this regimen.

title: @entity3866 - @entity900 Combination Inhibits Growth and Angiogenesis through @entity517 and @entity7738 in XXXX -Mutated Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: In recent years, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have begun to represent a markedly larger percentage of the antihypertensive agents used in Japan. However, it remains uncertain whether ARBs are effective for protecting against @entity101 -related organ damage in the general Japanese population. In the present report, we describe the results of a single blind, randomized, prospective study conducted in 1999-2002 and employing a total of 2,048 essential @entity101 subjects (sitting blood pressure 140-180/90-110 mmHg) aged 35-79 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive the ARB @entity1564 , 2 to 12 mg daily, or conventional antihypertensive drugs other than angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or ARBs. We used Cox regression analysis to compare the two regimens. The primary outcome was assessed by hospitalization due to @entity64 , @entity583 , and @entity712 . Blood pressure was reduced from 162.1/91.1 to 140.1/78.9 mmHg in the @entity1564 group and from 165.9/95.9 to 138.4/81.1 mmHg in the conventional therapy group. The main outcomes were as follows: there was a 39% reduction in hospitalization for @entity64 (5.8 vs. 9.4 cases: relative risk [RR]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-0.84; p<0.05) and a 57% reduction in hospitalization for @entity583 (RR: 0.44; CI: 0.21-0.84; p<0.05) with the @entity1564 -based treatment compared with the conventional treatment. In spite of a significant difference in the total incidence of both @entity64 and @entity583 , there was no significant reduction in the incidence of @entity712 (15% reduction: 4.3 vs. 5.0; RR: 0.85; CI: 0.57-1.26). Further analysis in stratifying the subjects with or without a past history of @entity65 including @entity64 and @entity583 revealed that @entity1564 reduced the incidence of @entity64 (61% reduction; RR: 0.39; CI: 0.15-0.43; p<0.01) and @entity712 (49% reduction; RR: 0.51; CI: 0.23-0.92; p<0.05) but not @entity583 (RR: 0.74; CI: 0.36-1.48; p=0.1) in @entity101 @entity1 with a past history. However, conventional treatment was superior to @entity1564 -based treatment in reducing the incidence of @entity64 in the @entity1 without a past history of @entity65 (66% reduction; RR: 0.34; CI: 0.16-0.69; p<0.05). This is the first demonstration that an ARB-based antihypertensive treatment was superior to the conventional treatment for reducing the risk of @entity64 and @entity583 in Japanese @entity101 @entity1 , especially in the @entity1 with a past history of @entity65 .

title: Effects of XXXX on cardiovascular outcomes in Japanese @entity101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1564 :: (MESH:C081643,Chemical) :: ['candesartan']


abstract: AIM: To characterize the 2013-2014 @entity3082 season from the results of detection of @entity281 in @entity1 ; to provide the molecular genetic characteristics of the strains isolated from deceased @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The investigators examined 1203 @entity1 (387 @entity1 , 509 @entity1 older than 16 years of age, 307 pregnant @entity1 ) admitted to Moscow Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital One with the clinical signs of @entity697 . Nasal lavage and autopsy specimens were used to isolate viral strains, then to sequence genomic fragments, and to determine receptor specificity. RESULTS: Out of the 1203 examinees, 284 (23.6%) were @entity683 -positive: 221 (77.8%), 24 (8.5%), and 39 (13.7%) @entity1 had @entity683 (H3N2), @entity683 (H1N1)pdm09, and @entity683 B, respectively. Influenza was notified in 42,7% of the pregnant @entity1 . There was a preponderance of its moderate form; its severe form developed in single cases having comorbidities. One fatal outcome was registered. The intake of antiviral medications in the first 48 hours of the disease could prevent complications. The investigators revealed mutations in the strain isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a @entity1 with severe @entity55 complicated by acute @entity649 . CONCLUSION: There is evidence that there are mutant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that have high pneumotropicity. The high risk of their circulation in the population and the risk of severe @entity683 forms involving the lower respiratory tract remain. Early antiviral therapy in the first 36-48 hours diminishes the clinical manifestations of @entity683 and reduces the risk of developing complications.

title: [The 2013-2014 XXXX season. Hospital monitoring and antiviral therapy for @entity683 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory viral diseases']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A']

answer: @entity3082 :: (MESH:D004671,Disease) :: ['epidemic']


abstract: We investigated the response of SUDHL-1 and @entity1 cells, derived from @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ) and @entity978 ( @entity978 ), respectively, to recombinant adenoviruses expressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) @entity13525 (Adp27), p21Waf1 (Adp21) and @entity986 (Adp16). Cell cycle analysis of SUDHL-1 cells after 24 h of @entity281 with 200 multiplicity of @entity281 (MOI) of Adp27, Adp21, and Adp16, showed very high levels of cell debris in the subG1 area. The magnitude of cell debris-events was Adp27/Adp21 > Adp16. Cell cycle analysis of @entity1 cells revealed absence of cell debris and increased G2 phase in all the groups of cells tested as compared to the controls (mock and AdNull). A minimal increase in G1 phase was also evident in cells infected with Adp27 (52%) compared to uninfected cells (43%), AdNull (45%) and to cells infected with Adp21 (37%) and Adp16 (31%). The presence of significant levels of Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) on the cell surface of @entity1 cells excluded the cell membrane-barrier as responsible for the differences in cell observed in response to the recombinant adenovirus-mediated CDKIs expression as compared to SUDHL-1. We also showed that the recombinant adenovirus-mediated @entity137 measured as apoptosis was MOI- and vector-dependent in SUDHL-1 cells at lower MOI (100). In conclusion, the therapeutic effect induced by recombinant adenoviruses expressing @entity13525 , p21Waf1 and @entity986 is cell-dependent in cells derived from selected @entity706 . Biochemical cellular differences more than cell surface barriers seem to be responsible for differences in response to recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of cytotoxic genes. Moreover, the @entity137 of recombinant adenoviruses expressing @entity13525 , p21Waf1 and @entity986 may be further explored as a tool for gene therapy of t(2;5)-derived @entity2108 .

title: Effects of adenovirus-mediated expression of @entity13525 , p21Waf1 and @entity986 in cell lines derived from t(2;5) anaplastic XXXX and @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['t(2;5)-anaplastic large cell lymphoma', 'ALCL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['large cell lymphoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An association between @entity438 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been described previously. MMPs regulate extracellular structural proteins and tissue remodeling. @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ) is involved in the regulation of MMP activity. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between the levels of MMPs and @entity15901 and @entity438 . METHODS: In a multicenter, open-label, parallel groups, prospective study, @entity1 with @entity439 were divided into 2 groups: Group I (with @entity1756 ) and group II (with nonruptured @entity439 ). Healthy volunteer @entity1 were also enrolled and represented the control group (group III). RESULTS: We enrolled 307 @entity1 (107 in group I and 200 in group II) with @entity438 : 49  popliteal, 31 common femoral, 2 superficial femoral, 29 common iliac artery, 3 common carotid, and  193 abdominal aorta. Finally, 11 healthy volunteer @entity1 (9 males and 2 females; age range, 40-70  years; median 56) were enrolled in group III. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis revealed greater levels of immunoreactive @entity1495 and @entity15901 in all @entity1 with @entity1756 , both central and peripheral @entity439 , and in the aneurismal vessels. CONCLUSION: These results provide potentially important insights to the understanding of the natural history of @entity438 . MMPs and @entity15901 play a role in development of @entity438 and may represent molecular markers for the prevention of @entity1756 .

title: The role of matrix metalloproteinases and @entity15901 in central and peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['arterial aneurysm', 'arterial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysmal disease', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity15901 :: ('3934', 'Gene') :: ['Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin', 'NGAL']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysmal rupture', 'ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['arterial aneurysms']


abstract: @entity5605 and @entity584 are highly homologous members of the Rho family of small G proteins that interact with several downstream effector proteins thereby causing cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell proliferation, and differentiation. While some effectors, such as the @entity669 kinase, @entity40814 , and the scaffold protein, @entity13308 , are unique to @entity5605 , others, such as the @entity563 - @entity1889 kinase, PAK, are shared with @entity584 . Previous mutagenesis studies identified @entity2596 42 and Leu174 as residues that selectively affect binding of @entity5605 to @entity40814 and @entity13308 but not to PAK. However, it is unclear whether these discriminatory residues are sufficient determinants of specificity. In this study we sought to introduce "gain-of function" mutations into @entity584 to allow it to bind to @entity40814 and @entity13308 , thereby revealing all specificity determinants. Thirteen mutations were made changing @entity584 residues to those in @entity5605 . Equilibrium binding constants of all mutant @entity584 proteins to @entity40814 , @entity13308 , and PAK were measured. A combination of seven mutations ( @entity58248 , @entity58249 , @entity58250 , @entity58251 , @entity58252 , @entity58253 , and @entity58254 ) was determined to be necessary to change the binding affinity of @entity584 for @entity40814 from negligible (K(d) < 1 microM) to a comparable affinity to @entity5605 (K(d) 25 nM). These mutations are not confined to interface residues. We interpret these data to indicate the importance of the structure of regions of the protein distinct from the contact residues. None of these mutant @entity584 proteins bound @entity13308 with a similar affinity to @entity5605 . Hence, residues as yet unidentified, outside the interface, must be necessary for binding @entity13308 .

title: Specificity determinants on @entity5605 for binding its effector protein XXXX .

entities_list: @entity58253 :: ('p|SUB|W|56|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['W56F']

entities_list: @entity58252 :: ('p|SUB|N|52|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N52T']

entities_list: @entity58248 :: ('p|SUB|S|41|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S41A']

entities_list: @entity58251 :: ('p|SUB|D|47|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D47G']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity58250 :: ('p|SUB|N|43|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N43T']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity58249 :: ('p|SUB|A|42|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A42V']

answer: @entity40814 :: (10188,Gene) :: ['ACK']