abstract: BACKGROUND:    Classical second-line anti- @entity1534 @entity1534 includes proton-pump inhibitor, @entity803 , @entity868 , and @entity1535 salts, but alternative therapies are required owing to the restricted availability of the latter. @entity800 -containing triple therapy is recommended but is expensive. Besides, @entity1536 resistance in an endemic @entity378 infection area like Taiwan is concerned. The low in vitro antibiotic resistance to @entity115 and @entity803 in Taiwanese @entity1534 strains implies that in vivo @entity1537 / @entity115 / @entity803 (EAT) second-line rescue therapy may be effective. This study compared the efficacy of @entity1537 / @entity115 / @entity800 (EAL) and EAT second-line eradication therapies and determines the clinical factors influencing the efficacy of salvage regimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 who failed @entity1534 eradication using the standard triple therapy for 7   days are randomly assigned to either EAL group ( @entity1537 40   mg twice daily, @entity115 1   g twice daily, and @entity800 500   mg once daily) for 7   days or EAT group ( @entity1537 40   mg twice daily, @entity115 1   g twice daily, @entity803 500   mg four times daily) for 14   days. Follow-up endoscopy or @entity1133 breath test was performed 8   weeks later to assess treatment response. RESULTS: The eradication rates of EAL and EAT groups were 78.1 versus 75.0%, p   =   .676 (in intention-to-treat analysis) and 80.3 versus 80%, p   =   .0964 (per-protocol analysis). Both groups exhibited similar drug compliance (95.3 vs 96.9%, p   =   .952) but more adverse events in the EAT group (6.3 vs 12.5%, p   =   .225). CONCLUSIONS: Despite low in vitro drug resistances to @entity115 and @entity803 , the efficacy of 14-day EAT regimens attained an unacceptable report card of 75% eradication rates in intention-to-treat analysis and was not even superior to the 7-day EAL regimen. Drug-drug interaction between combined antibiotics should be considered other than in vivo drug resistances.

title: Randomized comparison of two non- @entity1535 -containing second-line rescue therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['pylori', 'H. pylori', 'Helicobacter']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin', 'Levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity161 is the most severe @entity146 , characterized in many cases by poor insight and low adherence to drug treatment. In Israel, as in many countries, Laws have been Legislated to allow the issuance of compuLsory ambulatory treatment orders ( @entity1825 ) to @entity1 whose medical condition poses a risk to themselves or the environment. In the Limited existing literature, no conclusive evidence has been found on the efficacy of @entity1825 on @entity1 ' outcome. METHODS AND AIMS: We examined the medical files of all the @entity1 in "Shalvata" Mental Health Center, who were treated under the compulsory ambulatory treatment order during the years 2003-2010. We examined the effect of the @entity1825 on the time Lapse out of hospitalization during a 3 year period before and after issuing the order. The study group was composed of 77 @entity1 and each @entity1 served as his own control. RESULTS: We conducted paired samples t-test and found that the average time lapse out of hospitalization after issuing @entity1825 was higher (M = 426 days, SD = 3921 compared to the average time lapse out of hospitalization before issuing @entity1825 (M = 345 days, SD = 366, N = 77), but the difference was not statistically significant (t = -1.34, p = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: Our research shows that there was no significant beneficial effect of the @entity1825 in the group of @entity1 that we examined. We found that the average time lapse out of hospitalization did not increase significantly. Our study raises questions regarding the importance of the compulsory ambulatory treatment and its implementation measures.

title: [Assessing the effect of compulsory ambulatory treatment orders on the time lapse out of hospitalization for @entity1 suffering from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the @entity23376 ( @entity23376 ) gene ( @entity23376 ) cause @entity74 ( @entity2338 ), and are usually associated with @entity4611 ( @entity4611 ) (defined as pituitary height more than 2 @entity214 below normal). We searched for @entity23376 mutations and studied pituitary morphology in three prepubertal sibs with severe @entity2338 , who were born from consanguineous parents. DESIGN: We sequenced the 13 exons and the intron-exon boundaries of the @entity23376 of the index @entity1 . After identifying a novel mutation, we sequenced the same area in the other family members. In addition, we performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the pituitary (at age 8, 4 and 3 years) in the three affected subjects. RESULTS: The three @entity1 were homozygous for a new @entity23376 mutation that alters the second base of the invariant 5' splice site (GT) of intron 12 [ @entity25065 ]. The parents and an unaffected sibling were heterozygous for the same change. MRI did not show frank @entity4611 (by height criteria) in any of the subjects: pituitary height was normal (5.6 mm, +1.8 @entity214 ) in the oldest sibling, and it was low but not below 2 @entity214 by age-adjusted criteria in the second (3 mm, -1.4 @entity214 ), and third sibling (2.8 mm, -1.7 @entity214 ). Calculated pituitary volume was below -2 @entity214 in the youngest @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that pituitary height may fall within 2 @entity214 from the norm in @entity1 with severe @entity2338 due to a homozygous @entity23376 mutation, and that pituitary size may vary within @entity1 with identical mutations who belong to the same family.

title: Variability in anterior pituitary size within members of a family with XXXX due to a new splice mutation in the @entity23376 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['APH', 'anterior pituitary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive isolated GH deficiency']

answer: @entity2338 :: (MESH:D004393,Disease) :: ['GH deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several minimally invasive techniques have now been described for @entity5 resection. Current outcome data for these approaches from high volume, single institutions remain limited. Our aim was to review outcomes in @entity1 undergoing minimally invasive surgery for @entity5 at our institution in the current era. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done to assess short-term benefits and oncologic outcomes in @entity1 undergoing minimally invasive surgery for @entity5 between 2004 and 2007. RESULTS: One-hundred consecutive @entity1 (61 @entity1 , median age 62) with a median follow-up of 1.8 years were identified. Sixty-seven had hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS), while 33 were done laparoscopic-assisted (LA). Seventy-two @entity1 underwent anterior resection, 27 an abdominal perineal resection, and 1 a total proctocolectomy. @entity5 stage was stage 1 (21%), stage 2 (17%), stage 3 (56%), and stage 4 (6%). A median of 16 lymph nodes, a median 3.4 cm distal margin, and a 99% negative circumferential margin was achieved. The 3-year disease-free and overall survivals were 86.2 and 94.5%, respectively. Three cases required conversion. Median time to both diet and first bowel movement was 3 days, and median length of stay was 5 days. Length of stay, time to soft diet, incision length, and @entity158 scores were less using a LA approach compared to HALS (P < 0.01). Overall morbidity was 26% with no mortality. CONCLUSION: Both minimally invasive techniques used achieved excellent oncologic results in @entity1 with @entity5 . The LA approach had slightly better short-term outcomes.

title: Laparoscopic surgery for XXXX : short-term benefits and oncologic outcomes using more than one technique.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7465 is a major negative regulator of @entity876 function and is directly regulated by @entity4180 in @entity521 ( @entity521 ) cells. @entity7465 SNP309, a T-to-G substitution in the @entity7465 promoter associated with higher gene expression compared to wild-type, may attenuate the @entity876 pathway in @entity521 , in which @entity876 mutations are rare. We investigated its impact on @entity521 development and survival in relation with major clinical and biological characteristics. PROCEDURE: A consecutive cohort of 497 @entity521 @entity1 , diagnosed in Italy between 1995 and 2005, and a healthy control population of 471 adults were genotyped for @entity7465 SNP309. @entity521 @entity1 were followed up until June 30, 2008. RESULTS: @entity1 and controls showed similar distribution of @entity7465 SNP309 genotypes. In @entity1 , the polymorphism was not associated with any characteristic at diagnosis. In localized stages no effect of the polymorphism on survival was evident. In stage 4 @entity1 overall survival (OS), event free survival (EFS) and survival after relapse (SAR) were significantly poorer for TG/GG than for TT @entity1 (P = 0.008; P = 0.013; P = 0.046, respectively). In this group, such an effect was more evident in @entity1 with @entity4180 amplification (OS: P < 0.001; EFS: P = 0.028; SAR: P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: While @entity7465 SNP309 status does not affect the risk of developing @entity521 nor disease outcome for @entity5 cases, it significantly correlates with survival in stage 4 @entity521 @entity1 , particularly in the presence of @entity4180 amplification. The impact of small molecule inhibitors of @entity7465 activity in the management of such @entity1 could be usefully considered.

title: @entity7465 SNP309 genotype influences survival of metastatic but not of localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['localized cancer']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Polymerase chain reaction allows a direct detection of DNA of bacterial pathogens in synovial fluid. With the help of artificially synthetized @entity2036 , the so called primers, and in the presence of DNA polymerase enzyme it is possible to produce a great number of copies of the DNA being investigated and subsequently detect them. Authors used this method in 32 symptomatic knees after TKR (P.F.C. cemented type - Johnson and Johnson). Group @entity281 ( @entity281 ) comprised 14 @entity1 . Their clinical condition required operation - extraction of TKR, debridement, spacer, lavage. All of them were PCR positive. Only 6 @entity1 had a positive bacteriological cultivation, 8 of them were bacteriologically negative. Group II ( @entity12897 ) included 18 @entity1 . All of them had a negative bacteriological cultivation. Group II.a showed a slightly positive PCR reaction (mitigated @entity281 , detection of DNA microbes incapable of reproduction). After the treatment by antibiotics the @entity1 were without complaints. Group IIb included @entity1 who were all PCR negative. Their case was non-bacterial irritation of synovial membrane. They had a good response to non- @entity134 antiflogistics. The sensitivity of PCR method is 100%, it can detect also microbes in @entity1 treated by antibiotics. PCR method is fast providing results within 24 hours. It reliably detects the presence of bacteria in the punctate, it specifies diagnosis and contributes to the distinguishing between @entity281 from non-bacterial @entity12897 . Key words: total knee replacement, @entity281 .

title: [Polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis of XXXX .].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovialitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic infection', 'I', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection of total knee replacement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled anticholinergics and beta agonists are widely used in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). However, dosage requirements have not been thoroughly evaluated and comparative dose-response data for these agents are limited. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with stable @entity1030 of mean (SD) age 69.4 (5.8) years and FEV1 0.93 (0.38) litres were studied in randomised, double blind, crossover, placebo controlled experiments. All of the @entity1 received two, four, eight, and 16 puffs of @entity13265 (20 micrograms/puff), @entity19521 (30 micrograms/puff), @entity10565 (100 micrograms/puff), @entity7284 (200 micrograms/puff), or placebo in random order on five separate days. Doses were administered by a metered dose inhaler at intervals of 60 minutes to give cumulative doses of two, six, 14, and 30 puffs. Five mg of nebulised @entity3045 was administered 60 minutes after the @entity1 had received the final 16 puffs of each regimen. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), heart rate, and blood pressure were measured five minutes before each treatment and 30 minutes after treatment with nebulised @entity3045 . RESULTS: FEV1 and FVC reached a plateau after administration of a cumulative dose of 14 puffs of @entity13265 (280 micrograms) or @entity19521 (420 micrograms), and after six puffs of @entity10565 (600 micrograms). There were no differences with respect to maximum increases in FEV1 and FVC amongst the three anticholinergic agents. However, after six puffs @entity10565 produced a greater increase in FEV1 than either @entity13265 or @entity19521 . @entity7284 caused a greater increase in both FEV1 and FVC than the three anticholinergic agents after six puffs, as well as a greater increase in pulse rate. @entity10565 produced a greater increase in pulse rate than the other anticholinergics after 14 puffs. The incidence of side effects was dose-related and notable adverse effects were reported after 30 puffs of @entity13265 , 14 puffs of @entity10565 , and two puffs of @entity7284 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10565 produced a greater bronchodilator effect than either @entity13265 or @entity19521 when used at doses of less than six puffs, without apparent side effects. There were, however, no differences in maximal response between these drugs. @entity7284 may have a greater peak bronchodilator effect than the anticholinergic agents but it causes more adverse effects, even at lower doses. Depending upon the balance between efficacy and side effects, @entity10565 may be preferred in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Comparative dose-response study of three anticholinergic agents and XXXX using a metered dose inhaler in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity19521 :: ('MESH:C039778', 'Chemical') :: ['flutropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenoterol', 'fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity10565 :: ('MESH:C017590', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxitropium bromide', 'oxitropium bromide']

answer: @entity7284 :: (MESH:D005280,Chemical) :: ['fenoterol']


abstract: The oxyanion hole in @entity462 and @entity563 proteases can be viewed as an arrangement of prealigned dipoles that complements the changes in charge distribution during the enzymatic reaction. Because of the electrostatic nature of the interaction involved in the oxyanion hole, the introduction of charged residues in that region could have a major effect on the catalytic properties of the enzyme. In this study, residue @entity7647 19, which contributes to one of the @entity3884 bonds in the oxyanion hole of papain, has been replaced by @entity367 , @entity3793 , and @entity2734 residues. These mutations result in 65-315-fold decreases in kcat/KM, supporting our previous finding that the side chain of Gln19 contributes to transition state stabilization in the oxyanion hole of papain (M  nard et al., 1991a). Since papain is active over a wide range of pH values, the influence of side chain ionization on activity could be measured quantitatively with the mutant @entity18762 . The pH dependency of kcat/KM for @entity18762 is not of the classical bell-shaped form normally observed for papain, but instead is modulated by ionization of the Glu19 side chain with a pKa of 6.02. The @entity18762 mutant at low pH, where the Glu19 side chain is neutral, is the enzyme that displays activity closest to that of wild-type enzyme, with a (kcat/KM)1lim value only 20-fold lower than that for papain. As expected, the activity of the @entity18762 mutant decreases when the Glu19 side chain ionizes. However, introduction of the negatively charged @entity2227 into the oxyanion hole of papain leads to a further reduction in activity of only 12-fold, and this mutant is still more active than the @entity18763 enzyme and only 3-fold less active than @entity18764 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Modification of the electrostatic environment is tolerated in the oxyanion hole of the XXXX protease papain.

entities_list: @entity18763 :: ('p|SUB|Q|19|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln19Ser']

entities_list: @entity18764 :: ('p|SUB|Q|19|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln19Asn']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity18762 :: ('p|SUB|Q|19|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln19Glu']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed the efficacy and safety of @entity2180 compared with @entity2181 for treatment of @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) in Korean @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was randomised, double-blind, @entity2181 -controlled trial in Korea. @entity1 had average frequency of >or= 8 voids per 24 h and episodes of urgency or urgency incontinence >or= 3 during 3-day voiding diary period. @entity1 were randomised to 12-week double-blind treatment with either @entity2181 immediate release (IR) 2 mg twice daily (TOL4) or @entity2180 5 mg (SOL5) or 10 mg (SOL10) once daily. The outcome measure was mean change in daily micturition frequency, volume, daily frequency of urgency incontinence, urgency and @entity2183 from baseline to week 12. Quality of life was assessed using the King's Health Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 357 were randomised and 329 were evaluated for efficacy. All voiding parameters recorded in micturition diary improved after treatment in all three groups. Mean changes in volume voided were 19.30 ml (26.69%) in TOL4, 30.37 ml (25.89%) in SOL5 and 37.12 ml (33.36%) in SOL10 group (p = 0.03). Speed of onset of SOL10 efficacy on urgency incontinence was faster than that of SOL5 and TOL4. Quality of life improved in all three groups. @entity2133 was the most common adverse event; its incidence was the lowest in SOL5 group (7.63%, compared with 19.49% and 18.64% in SOL10 and TOL4 groups respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2180 5 and 10 mg once daily improve @entity2182 symptoms with acceptable tolerability levels compared with @entity2181 IR 4 mg. @entity2180 5 mg is a recommended starting dose in Korean @entity1 with @entity2182 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity2180 in Korean XXXX with @entity2182 : a randomised, prospective, double-blind, multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity2180 :: ('MESH:C441209', 'Chemical') :: ['solifenacin', 'Solifenacin succinate', 'Solifenacin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term functional outcome of ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for @entity31 and to compare symptoms over time. METHODS: In all, 188 @entity1 were operated with an ileal pouch-anal @entity254 . Short-term functional outcome has previously been evaluated with a symptom questionnaire. The same questionnaire was sent to the 162 @entity1 who were alive and had an intact pouch. A symptom index was studied over time and in relation to early complications and @entity5042 . RESULTS: The response rate of the questionnaire was 139/162 at a median of 12.5 (9.5-21) years postoperatively. Overall, the symptom index remained unchanged over time but both the frequency of night-time defaecation and episodes of night-time @entity322 increased. @entity1 ' global assessment was unchanged with approximately 80% stating an excellent or a good result. Frequency of @entity5042 doubled in 10 years. Symptom index for @entity1 with @entity5042 [median 40 (8-89), P = 0.018] and recurrent/chronic @entity5042 [71 (8-136), P < 0.001] was higher than in @entity1 without @entity5042 [29 (0-105)]. Early complications did not affect the symptom index. CONCLUSION: The overall functional outcome of ileal pouch-anal surgery for @entity31 is stable over time. @entity1 ' satisfaction with outcome remains high. @entity5042 is a determinant of functional outcome.

title: Long-term functional outcome after restorative proctocolectomy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis', 'episodic pouchitis', 'pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The popularity of running is still growing. As participation increases, running-related @entity130 also increase. Until now, little is known about the predictors for @entity130 in novice runners. HYPOTHESIS: Predictors for running-related @entity130 (RRIs) will differ between male and female novice runners. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: @entity1 were 532 novice runners (226 @entity1 , 306 @entity1 ) preparing for a recreational 4-mile (6.7-km) running event. After completing a baseline questionnaire and undergoing an orthopaedic examination, they were followed during the training period of 13 weeks. An RRI was defined as any self-reported running-related @entity4512 of the lower extremity or back causing a restriction of running for at least 1 week. RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of the novice runners had at least one RRI during follow-up. The multivariate adjusted Cox regression model for male @entity1 showed that body mass index (BMI) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.26), previous injury in the past year (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.36-5.55), and previous participation in sports without axial load (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.03-4.11) were associated with RRI. In female @entity1 , only navicular drop (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.97) remained a significant predictor for RRI in the multivariate Cox regression modeling. Type A behavior and range of motion (ROM) of the hip and ankle did not affect risk. CONCLUSION: Male and female novice runners have different risk profiles. Higher BMI, previous injury, and previous sports participation without axial loading are important predictors for RRI in male @entity1 . Further research is needed to detect more predictors for female novice runners.

title: Predictors of running-related XXXX in novice runners enrolled in a systematic training program: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2133 is a frequent complaint of adults worldwide. In those who experience @entity2133 , therapeutic options include the use of salivary substitutes and sialogogues. METHODS: The authors compared the efficacy and safety of mucoadhesive disks (OraMoist, Axiomedic, Zurich; distributed by Quantum Health, Eugene, Ore.) applied three times daily with those of placebo mucoadhesive disks in a double-masked, randomized, controlled crossover study. The primary end point of interest was within- @entity1 differences in subjective (visual analog scale) ratings of @entity2133 according to the New York University Bluestone Mouthfeel Questionnaire. The secondary end point was within- @entity1 differences in salivary flow rates. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 completed the single-site study. The results showed no significant difference between the two types of mucoadhesive disks, both of which were associated with a statistically significant improvement in the subjective experience of moistness across the 60-minute period after application and compared with baseline measures after two weeks of use. Furthermore, both disks were associated with a statistically significant improvement in salivary flow rates across the 60-minute period after application and compared with baseline measures after one and two weeks of use. The disks were well tolerated, and @entity1 did not report any adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The mucoadhesive disks used in this study were safe and provided symptomatic relief from @entity2133 . Practice Implications. @entity1 with @entity2133 may benefit from this novel delivery system.

title: Use of a mucoadhesive disk for relief of XXXX : a randomized, double-masked, controlled crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth', 'Dry mouth']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['dry mouth']


abstract: @entity1 @entity3052 cells from the blood of a series of @entity1 have been implanted subcutaneously into @entity19 immune-suppressed by thymectomy and @entity348 . @entity5 resulted from 18 out of 19 samples and their growth was compared with the proliferation of @entity3052 cells in culture. In 17 cases @entity5 grew to a maximum size and then spontaneously regressed. Cells from one @entity1 produced @entity5 which did not regress and could be retransplanted into freshly immune-suppressed @entity19 . Cells from a @entity1 promyelocytic cell line (HL60) also produced nonregressing and retransplantantable @entity5 . Normal @entity1 mononuclear bone marrow cells implanted s.c. produced a growth pattern similar to that of the majority of @entity3052 cells. A second inoculum of @entity3052 cells into animals with regressing @entity5 also produced @entity5 and thus regression cannot be accounted for on the basis of returning immunity. @entity3052 cells placed into short-term suspension culture invariably matured to monocyte/macrophage type cells and/or granulocytic cells as identified by cytochemical staining. However, no correlation was observed between proliferation or maturation of cells in culture, and @entity5 growth in vivo. Cells derived from disaggregated @entity5 also showed evidence of myeloid differentiation suggesting that @entity5 regression is due to maturation of leukaemic cells.

title: Studies on the development of @entity1 @entity3052 xenografts in immune-deprived XXXX : comparison with cells in short-term culture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid tumours', 'AML tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that includes partial and complete hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, @entity1466 and @entity5 . The incidence of @entity1469 varies in different parts of the world. The malignant potential of this disease is higher in South East Asia in comparison to western countries. Objectives of study were to determine the frequency, clinical presentation and management outcomes of @entity1469 . This retrospective, descriptive case series was conducted in the Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology Nawabshah Medical College Hospital, from 1st Jan 2007 to 30th Dec 2007. METHODS: The case records of all the gestational trophoblastic cases during study period were analysed regarding their history, clinical examination, investigations, treatment and follow-up. The main outcomes were measured in terms of duration, antecedent pregnancy, investigations, treatment and the follow-up. RESULTS: There were a total of 1056 Obstetric admissions during the study period, which included 30 cases of @entity1469 with a frequency of @entity1469 was 28 per 1000 live births. Of these 30 cases, 21 (70%) @entity1 had hydatidiform mole, 7 (23.3%) @entity1 had @entity3 (6.6%) @entity1 had @entity1466 . Twenty three @entity1 (76.6%) received chemotherapy while 25 (83.3%) @entity1 had suction evacuation and 4 (13.3%) @entity1 underwent hysterectomy. Among all @entity1 , 29 (96.7%) fully recovered and 1 (3.3%) died because of extensive disease; @entity3 extending up to brain. CONCLUSION: Frequency of @entity1469 was higher compared to national and international studies. The disease was common in extremes of ages, low para and grand multiparous @entity1 . @entity1475 was the commonest type of @entity1469 in these @entity1 . Most common presenting complaint was @entity548 per vagina followed by @entity158 in lower abdomen.

title: XXXX : experience at Nawabshah Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['placental site trophoblastic tumour']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['Gestational Trophoblastic Disease', 'GTD', 'trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['Hydatidiform mole']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasive disease and 2']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['Gestational trophoblastic disease']


abstract: The recombinant polymerase protein L of @entity8310 virus (VSV) expressed in COS cells is able to transcribe and replicate the viral genome, resulting in complementation of temperature-sensitive polymerase mutants of VSV at the restrictive temperature (M. Schubert, G. G. Harmison, C. D. Richardson, and E. Meier, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7984-7988, 1985). Here we report that the efficiency of complementation is dependent on the level of L protein expression. Unexpectedly, only cells expressing low levels of recombinant L protein efficiently complemented @entity8311 gene mutants, whereas cells with high levels of L protein did not. In fact, in all cells with high levels of L protein expression, which at 40 h posttransfection represented almost the total number of transfected cells, viral replication not only of the temperature-sensitive mutant but also of wild-type VSV was excluded. The inhibition of VSV appeared to occur at an early stage of the infectious cycle, and wild-type virus of the same serotype (Indiana) as the recombinant L protein as well as wild-type virus of a different serotype (New Jersey) was affected. @entity805 , on the other hand, was not arrested in cells with high levels of recombinant L protein, demonstrating that these cells were still capable of supporting a @entity1800 . The expression of high levels of only the @entity1472 -terminal half of the L protein from a recombinant mutant L gene that contains a small out-of-frame deletion in the middle of the L gene did not inhibit a VSV @entity281 . Since the level of amplification for both L- and truncated L-encoding vectors is similar, we conclude that the arrest of VSV was caused by high levels of functional full-length L protein itself and not by high levels of vector-encoded L mRNA or other vector products or by side effects of vector amplification. These data strongly support the idea that the highly conserved gene order of nonsegmented negative-strand viruses and the sequential and attenuated mode of transcription are important regulatory elements which balance the intracellular concentration of viral proteins. They both assure that the L gene is the last and the least frequently transcribed gene, giving rise to low levels of L protein necessary for efficient replication.

title: Homotypic and heterotypic exclusion of XXXX virus replication by high levels of recombinant polymerase protein L.

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['Measles virus']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity8310 :: (MESH:D054243,Disease) :: ['vesicular stomatitis']


abstract: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) and @entity1948 nanoparticles ( @entity1948 -NPs) are frequently detected in the environment, but few studies have assessed their joint toxicity. In this study, the acute toxicity and chronic toxicity to @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) induced by @entity14912 in the presence of @entity1948 -NPs were investigated, including developmental toxicity and DNA damage. The embryos were exposed to @entity14912 (only) (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/L) and @entity14912 plus @entity1948 -NPs (0.4   +   50, 0.8   +   50, and 1.6   +   50 mg/L) solutions to evaluate mortality (96 h), body length (96 h), hatch rate (72 h), heart rate (48 h),and malformation rate (96 h). The results revealed that the co-treatment could cause more severe developmental toxicity compared with the control and single-treatments, and the toxic effects generally increased in a dose-response manner. In addition, adult @entity3392 were exposed to single and mixed solutions of @entity14912 and @entity1948 -NPs (at the concentrations mentioned above) for 30 days. DNA damage to @entity3392 was evaluated by the comet assay and micronucleus test. We found that the @entity14912 single-treatment at all doses (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/L) could strongly induce DNA damage to peripheral blood cells and that @entity1948 -NPs could aggravate the formation of DNA damage in co-treatments. Histological examination of liver, testicle, and ovary showed that the presence of @entity1948 -NPs (50 mg/L) could also cause more serious histological damage to adult @entity3392 than @entity14912 alone. As a result, the synergistic effects played an important role during joint exposure. Our observations provide a basic understanding of the joint toxicity of @entity14912 and @entity1948 -NPs to aquatic organisms.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2014.

title: Developmental toxicity and DNA damage to XXXX induced by @entity14911 in the presence of @entity1948 nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Background: @entity6 and admission blood @entity413 are important risk factors for mortality in @entity10260 segment elevation @entity583 @entity1 , but their relative and individual role remains on debate. Objective: To analyze the influence of @entity6 and admission blood @entity413 on the mortality of @entity10260 segment elevation @entity583 @entity1 submitted to primary coronary percutaneous intervention. Methods: Prospective cohort study including every @entity10260 segment elevation @entity583 @entity1 submitted to primary coronary percutaneous intervention in a tertiary cardiology center from December 2010 to May 2012. We collected clinical, angiographic and laboratory data during hospital stay, and performed a clinical follow-up 30 days after the @entity10260 segment elevation @entity583 . We adjusted the multivariate analysis of the studied risk factors using the variables from the GRACE score. Results: Among the 740 @entity1 included, reported @entity6 prevalence was 18%. On the univariate analysis, both @entity6 and admission blood @entity413 were predictors of @entity204 in 30 days. However, after adjusting for potential confounders in the multivariate analysis, the @entity6 relative risk was no longer significant (relative risk: 2.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.76 - 7.59; p-value: 0.13), whereas admission blood @entity413 remained and independent predictor of @entity204 in 30 days (relative risk: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.02 - 1.09; p-value  <= 0.01). Conclusion: In @entity10260 segment elevation @entity583 @entity1 submitted to primary coronary percutaneous intervention, the admission blood @entity413 was a more accurate and robust independent predictor of @entity204 than the previous diagnosis of @entity6 . This reinforces the important role of @entity32 on the outcomes of this group of @entity1 .

title: @entity6 and XXXX as Predictors of Mortality in Primary Coronary Percutaneous Intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several studies have demonstrated that daily physical activity (PA) prevents the development of @entity0 . Our objective was to examine the relationship between PA and clinical and biological @entity5 characteristics in @entity0 @entity1 in order to determine the impact of energy expenditure (EE) on @entity5 prognosis. METHODS: We pooled data from two prospective studies, including a total of 121 @entity0 @entity1 . The measure of PA was done using the self-completion Population Physical Activity Questionnaire, which was answered by each @entity1 . RESULTS: Ten @entity1 harbored @entity5 . The mean body mass index (BMI) in the general population and in @entity1 with @entity5 was 24.3 and 25.6, respectively. The mean daily EE (DEE) was 10,266 kJ * 24 h-1 in the general population and 11,212 kJ * 24 h-1 in @entity1 with @entity5 . In the whole population, there was an inverse statistical correlation between BMI and DEE, rest, low PA, and high PA (p = 0.0002, p = 0.003, p < 0001, and p = 0.03, respectively). There was a positive correlation between negative @entity172 receptor status and intensive PA (p = 0.041) and DEE (p = 0.007). For @entity5 , there was no significant correlation between BMI and categories of EE. CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle (weight regulation, PA) should be adapted and personalized according to biological, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of the @entity5 .

title: Correlation of Physical Activities and @entity0 Characteristics: A Prospective Analysis with Special Focus on Triple Negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TN tumors', 'tumors', 'triple negative (TN) tumors']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the general population prevalence or severity of @entity146 . OBJECTIVE: To estimate 12-month prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of DSM-IV @entity148 , mood, impulse control, and substance disorders in the recently completed US National Comorbidity Survey Replication. DESIGN AND SETTING: Nationally representative face-to-face household survey conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 using a fully structured diagnostic interview, the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. @entity1 : Nine thousand two hundred eighty-two English-speaking respondents 18 years and older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twelve-month @entity74 . RESULTS: Twelve-month prevalence estimates were @entity148 , 18.1%; mood, 9.5%; impulse control, 8.9%; substance, 3.8%; and any disorder, 26.2%. Of 12-month cases, 22.3% were classified as serious; 37.3%, moderate; and 40.4%, mild. Fifty-five percent carried only a single diagnosis; 22%, 2 diagnoses; and 23%, 3 or more diagnoses. Latent class analysis detected 7 multivariate disorder classes, including 3 highly comorbid classes representing 7% of the population. CONCLUSION: Although @entity146 are widespread, serious cases are concentrated among a relatively small proportion of cases with high comorbidity.

title: Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month XXXX in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['DSM-IV disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'DSM-IV mental disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['DSM-IV disorders']


abstract: Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the prevention and correction of @entity65 . Agents that block the RAS such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are major in this league. There have been numerous clinical trials looking at the use of ACEIs and ARBs in @entity101 , @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and other special population who remain at high risk for cardiovascular and @entity854 . Overall, ACEIs are the first line agents, recommended for high cardiovascular risk @entity1 and are supported suitably by worldwide therapeutic guidelines including class IA recommendation from American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association. These recommendations are based on, large body of clinical results which overall supports ACEIs in reducing mortality, MI, @entity64 , and new-onset @entity712 , and their unique cardioprotective benefits in @entity1 with @entity6 , independent of coexistent @entity731 and concomitant @entity8 . Although, theoretically, ARBs offer improved blockade of the RAS system than ACEIs, their relative effectiveness in the treatment of @entity712 and other comorbid cardiovascular conditions remains controversial as evident from clinical trial and meta-analysis results which shows that ARBs are not as effective in reducing mortality, rate of hospitalisation, prevention of @entity8518 progression, etc. The results from the latest ONTARGET 'non-inferiority' trial has further elucidated the fact that ARBs are no better than ACEIs at reducing fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events including @entity204 . Although theoretically, combination of ACEIs and ARBs is an attractive therapeutic option as none of them block RAS completely, but it may also open the gate for supplementary collection of adverse events as has been evidenced in recent trials. Although, there are no data at present to precisely suggest the efficacy differences between all available ACEIs, there are trials which support that ramipril, a long acting ACEI with good tissue penetration, potent long-lasting inhibition of ACE may not be applicable to other available ACEIs. @entity3372 also specifically reduces major adverse coronary and cerebrovascular events in @entity8447 @entity1 when compared to other ACEIs or placebo. When clinicians are faced with the choice of using either an ACEI or an @entity11882 in high-risk @entity1 , they should be mindful of the unique differences between each class of medication, particularly with respect to @entity204 , and also the range of indications, cost and individual convenience.

title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), not angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), are preferred and effective mode of therapy in high cardiovascular risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathic']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['MI and CV death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A @entity3838 derivative (abbreviated in the literature as "HPD") has been used successfully for phototherapy of @entity5 in the clinic. The chemical nature of HPD, a complex mixture of @entity7889 , is not fully understood. This study was designed to provide an explanation for the superior @entity5 -localizing ability of HPD. @entity146 , hydrophobicity, transport, binding, and photosensitizing capacity of different @entity7889 were examined and compared. Biological studies were carried out using @entity19 @entity1778 L1210 cells in vitro. The initial rate of @entity7170 uptake was a function of drug hydrophobicity. The most hydrophobic components of HPD were therefore the most potent photosensitizers when irradiation followed a 10-min @entity7170 -loading incubation. But these and other hydrophobic @entity7889 were readily washed from cells by medium containing serum. Hydrophilic components of HPD were gradually accumulated by L1210 cells via a mode of binding not readily dissociated by washing and appear to be responsible for the preferential affinity of this product for neoplastic cells. A portion of the tightly bound @entity7170 could not be dissociated by @entity3208 : @entity2975 gel electrophoresis but remained bound to a low-molecular weight membrane component.

title: Transport and binding of @entity3838 derivative and related @entity7889 by @entity19 XXXX L1210 cells.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Chromatographic behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity3838 :: ('MESH:D006415', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large cell transformation in @entity1 with @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) has been well reported in the literature. Although the risk factors have not been clearly elucidated, advanced stage seems to be associated with a higher incidence of transformation. Because @entity4888 is a @entity395 , little is known about the influence of other factors such as immunosuppressive therapy in the occurrence of transformation. OBJECTIVE: We questioned the role of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in the transformation of @entity706 ( @entity706 ). METHODS: We identified all @entity1 with @entity4888 who were registered in our @entity706 database. Transformation was defined by the presence of large cells exceeding 25% of the infiltrate in at least one skin biopsy. In one @entity1 , we followed the histologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic changes taking place as transformation occurred. RESULTS: A total of 134 @entity1 with @entity4888 were identified. Of 21 @entity1 who received @entity1500 , 3 transformed, and of the 113 @entity1 in the non- @entity1500 group, only 2 transformed. The incidence of transformation in the @entity1 who received @entity1500 was significantly higher than in those who did not receive the drug (14.3% vs. 1.8%; p = 0.03). This significance was maintained, even after controlling for stage and sex. For one @entity1 who transformed, we demonstrated an identical dominant T-cell clone in all skin specimens, including the @entity706 . CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a significant association between @entity1500 exposure and transformation to @entity706 in @entity1 with @entity4888 . In light of the small sample size, short followup of @entity1 , and the inherent tendency of @entity4888 to transform, the role for @entity1500 in transformation is unproven and needs to be confirmed in a multicenter study.

title: @entity4888 : the role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['LCL', 'MF to large cell lymphoma', 'cutaneous lymphoma', 'large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 rhinoviruses (HRVs) characteristically cause @entity1729 , but they also infect the lower airways, causing acute @entity3617 and exacerbating @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study ex vivo the differences in the response to @entity281 of nasal and bronchial epithelial cultures from the same healthy and @entity748 individuals using conditions favoring development of fully differentiated, pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium. METHODS: Cells from the inferior turbinates and bronchial tree of 5 healthy and 6 @entity748 individuals were cultured at an air-liquid interface. Cultures were infected with HRV-16, and after 48 hours, the degree of @entity281 was measured. RESULTS: Baseline median transepithelial resistance was lower in @entity1 bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell cultures than in @entity1 nasal epithelial (HNE) cell cultures (195 Omega.cm2 [95% CI, 164-252] vs 366 Omega.cm2 [95% CI, 234-408], respectively; P < .01). Virus replicated more easily in HBE cells than in HNE cells based on virus shedding in apical wash (log tissue culture infective dose of 50%/0.1 mL = 2.0 [95% CI, 1.0-2.5] vs 0.5 [95% CI, 0.5-1.5], P < .01) and on a 20- to 30-fold greater viral load and number of infected cells in HBE cell cultures than in HNE cell cultures. The increases in expression of @entity5737 and double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase were greater in HBE cell cultures than in HNE cell cultures, as were the concentrations of @entity687 , @entity1192 , @entity5737 , and @entity371 in basolateral medium. However, no significant differences between @entity748 and healthy subjects (including IFN-beta1 expression) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Differentiated nasal epithelial cells might have mechanisms of increased resistance to @entity281 compared with bronchial epithelial cells. We could not confirm previous reports of increased susceptibility to @entity281 in epithelial cells from @entity748 subjects.

title: In vitro susceptibility to @entity281 is greater for bronchial than for nasal airway epithelial cells in XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HRV infection', 'rhinovirus infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been proved with the potential of promoting neurogenesis in adult @entity1 . This study was aimed to investigate the effect of intranasal (IN) NGF on striatal neurogenesis and functional recovery in adult @entity35 with focal @entity2806 . @entity35 were subjected to @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) for 2   h, and then reperfused. NGF or vehicle was intranasally administered 24   h after cerebral reperfusion, and the treatments continued for 6 consecutive days there after. All animals were injected with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) twice daily for 5-7 days after @entity2500 , and sacrificed 1 day and 28 days, respectively, after the last @entity1603 injection. Neural cell proliferation and survival in different brain regions were analyzed. Functional tests and immunohistochemical staining were also performed. The results showed that treatment with IN NGF failed to increase cell proliferation but improved survival of newly generated cells in ipsilateral striatum and subventricular zones (SVZ). Double immunofluorescence with @entity1603 and neuronal nuclei protein, a mature neuronal marker, were increased in striatum and SVZ in @entity35 treated with IN NGF. The functional recovery was also observed at time of neurogenesis enhancement in striate. In conclusion, IN NGF may enhance neurogenesis and survival of newly generated cells, which may result in improved functional recovery after @entity2806 .

title: Intranasal nerve growth factor enhances striatal neurogenesis in adult @entity35 with focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalians']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: The present work shows a retrospective study of 11 cases of @entity189 of the larynx from data collected at Marqu  s de Valdecilla Hospital for ten years. All @entity1 were males. Glottis was the most common site involved (10 cases). Eight @entity1 were treated with partial surgery and in two cases total laryngectomy was performed. One @entity1 refused treatment. Five-year survival rates were 100% in the ten @entity1 treated. @entity189 of the larynx is a well differentiated variant of @entity957 . Surgical treatment is necessary for the @entity75 without neck dissection. Radiotherapy is not indicated because the possibility of anaplastic transformation. Prognosis is excellent after surgical treatment.

title: [ XXXX of the larynx].

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Verrucous carcinoma', 'verrucous carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Verrucous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The third generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have become an established component of postmenopausal @entity172 receptor positive @entity0 therapy. Unfortunately, up to half of AI-users experience the @entity85 ( @entity85 ) ( @entity4841 , @entity923 , @entity158 , @entity2693 , etc.), which can severely impact quality of life and treatment compliance. We have previously demonstrated that loss of hand grip strength is part of @entity85 and involves tenosynovial changes and fluid retention in joints. REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND HYPOTHESIS GENERATING FINDINGS: Our presentation during this AI-symposium focuses on available literature regarding @entity85 with new data from a prospective study generating a hypothesis for its pathogenesis. Profound @entity172 deprivation as a consequence of AI-use is thought to be the underlying reason but the exact pathway remains unknown. A potential hypothesis is that the growth hormone/insulin like growth factor-I (GH/ @entity442 ) pathway may be involved. This possibility is based on the non-linear association between body mass index (BMI) and loss of hand grip strength that we observed. It appears that in lean and overweight @entity1 , hand grip strength decreases most following intake of an AI. This observation suggests an underlying biological process which probably evolves through the GH/ @entity442 pathway, controlled by sex @entity230 . CONCLUSION: @entity172 deprivation leads to incapacitating @entity85 and hampers treatment compliance. In our search for the missing link between 'lowering postmenopausal @entity172 ' and ' @entity4841 ' we here report on AI-induced changes in grip strength by BMI which we believe are hypothesis generating for an effect of AIs on the GH/ @entity442 axis. This needs to be explored prospectively.

title: Pharmacology of @entity4841 with XXXX deprivation.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['start pains']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['AI-induced musculoskeletal syndrome', 'AIMSS']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The author presents his short-term experience with reconstruction operations in @entity397 of the rotator cuff which were performed according to principles accepted at present in twenty five @entity1 (26 shoulders) during 1993-1996. @entity1 predominated in the group (16 @entity1 ) and the majority of @entity1 were in the age bracket from 50-70 years. The follow-up period was 6-36 months. @entity397 with a lesion of the cuff exceeding 5 cm (10 times) predominated, followed by @entity397 with a lesion under 2 cm (9 times). In the majority of @entity1 the operatoin was made using the Kessel-Gschwend approach. After anterior acromionplasty the tendons of the cuff were released and fixed into the ridge between the articular area of the head of the joint and the large tubercle. The operated extremity was fixed on an abduction splint for 4-6 weeks and this was followed by controlled rehabilitation for 1-2 months. According to Constant's functional score excellent results were achieved in 31 % of the operated @entity1 , a satisfactory result in 11 % and an unsatisfactory result in 23 % of the operated @entity1 . The presented results are consistent above all with the subjective evaluation and evaluation of @entity158 resulting from subacromial decompression. The functional result is consiostent with the achieved extent of mobility of the shoulder. In the majority of @entity1 however marked restriction of strength in abduction persists due to @entity3986 asa result of predominating inveterate massive @entity397 . Unsatisfactory results were recorded in six @entity1 in conjunction with the following circumstances: reoperation in the subacromial space, mechanical failure of the suture, deep @entity6 , operation of an @entity5281 with attempted compensation and @entity11438 with an impact on the shoulder joint. From this initial experience ensues that reconstructions of the rotator cuff are successful provided the indication is correct, the operation is of a high technical standard, and consquential postoperative fixation and rehabilitation after treatment are provided. Key words: injury of the rotator cuff, surgery of the rotator cuff.

title: [Recent experience with reconstruction operations in XXXX of the rotator cuff.].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['infection in diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular hypotrophy']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['refractory cervicobrachial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Massive ruptures', 'ruptures']

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injury']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptures']


abstract: AIM: To determine the prognostic value of the biomarkers @entity1904 , interlukin-6 and @entity1851 in septic @entity1 . DESIGN: A cohort of 81 septic @entity1 . SETTING: Critical Care Unit. Dr. Peset Hospital. Valencia (Spain). @entity1 : Divided according to @entity295 classification ( @entity295 , severe @entity295 and @entity326 ), source and two different groups (medical and postsurgical). VARIABLES ANALYZED: Quantitative ( @entity1904 , @entity650 , @entity1851 , @entity880 , age, Apache II and SOFA scores upon admission and after 3 and 7 days). Qualitative (ICU mortality, @entity177 development and sex). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mann-Whitney U-test for the comparison of quantitative variables,      test for qualitative variables. Multivariate analysis with mortality and @entity177 as dependent variables and the described quantitative parameters as independent variables. ROC curves of the variables found to be significant in the multivariate analysis. RESULTS: @entity326 @entity1 showed greater mortality and more frequent @entity177 . Comparison of survivors versus deceased @entity1 showed significant differences in Apache II score, @entity650 and @entity880 (p<0.001) upon admission and after 3 and 7 days. Similar findings applied to the comparison of @entity1 with and without @entity177 , and on the same days. @entity1904 only showed differences on days 3 and 7 (p=0.001). In the multivariate analysis with mortality as dependent variable, @entity650 proved significant on day 3 (OR 2.6). With @entity177 as dependent variable, only the SOFA score showed significance (OR 2.3). The Apache II and @entity650 ROC curves corresponding to day 3 showed areas of 0.80 and 0.86, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 1) @entity650 is an inflammatory biomarker with mortality prognostic value. 2) None of the biomarkers proved predictive of @entity177 .

title: Prognostic value of the biomarkers @entity1904 , @entity650 and @entity1851 in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-6', 'interleukin-6']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin', 'Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: PROBLEM: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were recently described as a mechanism for microbial killing in the amniotic cavity of @entity1 with @entity281 . Such a clinical condition can result in acute @entity5870 , a placental lesion characterized by the infiltration of maternal neutrophils in the chorioamniotic membranes. Herein, we investigated whether these infiltrating neutrophils form NETs in the chorioamniotic membranes from @entity1 who underwent spontaneous term or @entity3152 with acute @entity5870 . METHOD OF STUDY: Chorioamniotic membrane samples were collected from @entity1 who underwent spontaneous term or @entity3152 with acute @entity5870 (n=10 each). Controls included chorioamniotic membrane samples from @entity1 who delivered at term or preterm with or without labor in the absence of acute @entity5870 (n=10 each). NETs were visualized and semiquantified in the chorioamniotic membranes by using antibodies against @entity11891 and histone H3 in combination with @entity14939 staining. RESULTS: Neutrophil extracellular traps were abundant in the chorioamniotic membranes from @entity1 who underwent spontaneous term or @entity3152 with acute @entity5870 . NETs were rarely found, or not visualized at all, in the chorioamniotic membranes from @entity1 who delivered at term or preterm with or without labor in the absence of acute @entity5870 . CONCLUSION: Neutrophil extracellular traps are abundant in the chorioamniotic membranes from @entity1 who underwent spontaneous term or @entity3152 with acute @entity5870 . These findings suggest that chorioamniotic neutrophils can form NETs as a mechanism of host defense against @entity281 or danger signals.

title: Neutrophil extracellular traps in acute XXXX : A  mechanism of host defense.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity11891 :: ('1991', 'Gene') :: ['neutrophil elastase']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'intra-amniotic infection']

answer: @entity5870 :: (MESH:D002821,Disease) :: ['chorioamnionitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity17974 ( @entity17975 ), a heterocyclic organic chemical compound, is widely found in many foods and consumed by @entity1 worldwide. In this research, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of @entity17975 on @entity1 lymphocytes. For this purpose, @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes were treated with four concentrations of @entity17975 (300, 450, 600 and 750    g/ml) for 24   h and 48   h periods and in vitro @entity3731 ( @entity3731 ), chromosome aberration (CA) and @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) tests were used. @entity17975 induced @entity3731 in @entity1 peripheral lymphocytes at three highest concentrations (450, 600 and 750    g/ml) in 48   h treatment period. CA and @entity4523 were induced in @entity1 peripheral lymphocytes at two highest concentrations of @entity17975 (600 and 750    g/ml) in 24   h and 48   h treatment periods. The highest concentration of @entity17975 (750    g/ml) induced @entity4523 formation more than the positive control @entity1139 in 24   h treatment period. In addition, @entity17975 led to a decrease in MI at the highest concentration (750    g/ml) in 24   h treatment period and at all concentrations in 48   h treatment period. @entity17975 reduced PI at all concentrations in 24   h treatment period and at all concentrations (expect the lowest) for 48   h treatment period. @entity17975 reduced @entity10307 ( @entity10307 ) at 24 and 48   h treatment periods, even at the highest two concentrations, decreased more than the positive control @entity1139 . Our results showed that @entity17975 pose a genotoxic and cytotoxic effects for @entity1 peripheral lymphocytes.

title: Genotoxic effects of @entity17974 on XXXX peripheral lymphocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'micronucleus']

entities_list: @entity10307 :: ('MESH:C564596', 'Disease') :: ['nuclear division index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity3731 :: ('MESH:D058288', 'Disease') :: ['SCE', 'sister chromatid exchange']

entities_list: @entity17974 :: ('MESH:C023439', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Methylimidazole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity161 ( @entity161 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ) are associated with neuropathological brain changes, which are believed to disrupt connectivity between brain processes and may have common properties. @entity1 at first @entity716 are unique, as one can assess brain alterations at illness inception, when many confounders are reduced or absent. @entity161 (N=25) and @entity162 (N=24) @entity1 were recruited in a regional first @entity716 MRI study. VBM methods were used to study gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences between @entity1 groups and case by case matched controls. For both groups, deficits identified are more discrete than those typically reported in later stages of illness. @entity161 @entity1 showed some evidence of @entity62 in cortical areas but most notable were in limbic structures such as hippocampus, thalamus and striatum and cerebellum. Consistent with disturbed neural connectivity WM alterations were also observed in limbic structures, the corpus callosum and many subgyral and sublobar regions in the parietal, @entity1315 . @entity162 @entity1 displayed less evidence of volume changes overall, compared to normal healthy @entity1 , but those changes observed were primarily in WM areas which overlapped with regions identified in @entity161 , including thalamus and cerebellum and subgyral and sublobar sites. At first episode of @entity716 there is evidence of a neuroanatomical overlap between @entity161 and @entity162 with respect to brain structural changes, consistent with disturbed neural connectivity. There are also important differences however in that @entity161 displays more extensive structural alteration.

title: A voxel based morphometry study investigating brain structural changes in first XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BP']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal and frontal lobes']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia', 'SCZ']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'episode psychosis', 'psychotic episode']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['episode psychosis']


abstract: The role of endogenous opioid peptides in the inhibitory control of pulsatile LH secretion was studied in adult Soay rams at different stages of the seasonal reproductive cycle, entrained by an artificial lighting regimen of alternating 16-week periods of long and short days. The LH responses to the acute administration of @entity1510 (opioid antagonist) and @entity1286 (opioid agonist) were measured in intact rams (n = 7), @entity251 -implanted castrated rams (n = 8) and castrated rams (n = 8) to assess the interaction between photoperiod and gonadal @entity230 in the opioid control of LH secretion. In the intact and @entity251 -implanted castrated rams, @entity1510 (1.7 mg/kg i.v.) increased and @entity1286 (1.0 mg/kg i.v.) decreased mean LH concentrations and LH pulse frequency during the sexually active phase under short days, but these effects were reduced or absent during the inactive phase under long days. The changes in the LH responses occurred in close parallel with the photoinduced changes in endogenous LH secretion. In the castrated rams receiving no supplementary @entity251 , plasma LH concentrations were permanently raised and there were only minor changes related to the photoperiod. @entity1510 (1.7 mg/kg) induced transient increases in LH secretion at all stages, and @entity1286 (1.0 mg/kg) failed to suppress LH levels under both short and long days. @entity4396 stimulation tests revealed that there were changes in LH release related to the induced reproductive cycle in the intact and @entity251 -implanted rams but not in the castrated rams; these changes in the responsiveness of the pituitary gonadotrophs to @entity4396 could not account for the changes in the LH response to the opiate drugs. These results illustrate that an endogenous opioid mechanism is involved in the tonic inhibition of LH secretion acting to regulate the pulsatile release of @entity4396 from the hypothalamus. This system can be shown to be functional in a @entity134 -dependent manner in the sexually active phase of the seasonal cycle, but not in the inactive phase of the cycle when non-opioidergic mechanisms are presumed to predominate in the inhibition of LH secretion.

title: Endogenous opioid control of pulsatile LH secretion in rams: modulation by photoperiod and gonadal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T cells (Treg), which constitute about 2-3% of @entity404 + @entity1 T cells, are the main contributors to the maintenance of immune tolerance. @entity5 @entity1 , including @entity463 @entity1 , bear increased number of circulating and @entity5 infiltrating Treg that exert functional inhibition on @entity5 -specific T cells. @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in @entity463 ( @entity463 ). @entity2905 is a common side effect of @entity2904 treatment, but to what extent the Treg compartment is affected by this chemotherapy has been poorly investigated. We therefore studied the impact of various @entity2904 regimens on Treg cell population in a @entity2904 -resistant @entity35 model of @entity11 . METHODS: RG2 @entity11 cells were implanted s.c. in Fischer @entity35 . Twelve days after @entity5 implantation, @entity2904 was administered orally with schedules designed to mimic the @entity2904 regimens currently used in @entity1 : 30 mg/kg per day for 5 days, or 10 mg/kg per day for 21 days. In addition, two metronomic regimens with low-dose @entity2904 (2 and 0.5 mg/kg per day for 21 days) were evaluated. Splenocytes and @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes were analysed by flow cytometry using CD3, @entity404 , @entity2902 , and @entity403 mAbs. Statistical significance was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test, the Student's t test or the ANOVA test. RESULTS: In the spleen of @entity5 -bearing animals, low-dose @entity2904 metronomic regimens (0.5 and 2 mg/kg for 21 days) induced a significant decrease of Treg/ @entity404 + ratios (13 +/- 2; p < 0.01, 14 +/- 3; p < 0.05, respectively, vs. 19 +/- 5 for controls). On the contrary, high-dose @entity2904 regimen (10 mg/kg per day for 21 days or 30 mg/kg for 5 days) did not significantly modify the percentage of Treg/ @entity404 +. Within @entity5 , treatment with the 0.5 mg/kg @entity2904 regimen induced a slight and nearly significant decrease in the percentage of Treg/ @entity404 + after a 2 to 3-week treatment (24 +/- 9 vs. 35 +/- 11; p = 0.06). Treg depletion induced by the low-dose metronomic @entity2904 regimen was accompanied by a decreased suppressive function of the remaining Treg cells as assessed by an in vitro functional test. Treatment with 0.5 mg/kg metronomic @entity2904 reduced @entity5 progression when compared to untreated animals but the effect did not reach statistical significance, indicating that Treg depletion alone is not sufficient to significantly impact @entity5 growth in our model of fully established @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: A low-dose metronomic @entity2904 regimen, but not a standard @entity2904 regimen, reduced the number of circulating Tregs. These results can have clinical applications for immunotherapeutic approaches in @entity463 .

title: Treg depletion with a low-dose metronomic @entity2903 regimen in a XXXX @entity11 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To meet increasing demand for @entity5 genetic testing and improve value-based @entity5 care delivery, National @entity5 Centre Singapore restructured the @entity5 Genetics Service in 2014. Care delivery processes were redesigned. We sought to improve access by increasing the clinic capacity of the @entity5 Genetics Service by 100% within 1 year without increasing direct personnel costs. METHODS: Process mapping and plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were used in a quality improvement project for the @entity5 Genetics Service clinic. The impact of interventions was evaluated by tracking the weekly number of @entity1 consultations and access times for appointments between April 2014 and May 2015. The cost impact of implemented process changes was calculated using the time-driven activity-based costing method. RESULTS: Our study completed two PDSA cycles. An important outcome was achieved after the first cycle: The inclusion of a genetic counselor increased clinic capacity by 350%. The number of @entity1 seen per week increased from two in April 2014 (range, zero to four @entity1 ) to seven in November 2014 (range, four to 10 @entity1 ). Our second PDSA cycle showed that manual preappointment reminder calls reduced the variation in the nonattendance rate and contributed to a further increase in @entity1 seen per week to 10 in May 2015 (range, seven to 13 @entity1 ). There was a concomitant decrease in costs of the @entity1 care cycle by 18% after both PDSA cycles. CONCLUSION: This study shows how quality improvement methods can be combined with time-driven activity-based costing to increase value. In this paper, we demonstrate how we improved access while reducing costs of care delivery.

title: Using Quality Improvement Methods and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Improve Value-Based XXXX Care Delivery at a @entity5 Genetics Clinic.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess complications of regional as well as general anesthesia in parturients with @entity1645 . DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity1 : All parturients in our institution who had the diagnosis of @entity1645 and delivered in our hospitals over a 50-year period. MAIN RESULTS: 12 parturients delivered 30 babies. Three deliveries were facilitated with general anesthesia. Nine deliveries were facilitated with central @entity2270 , six with epidural anesthesia, two with a single injection of a spinal anesthetic, and one with a continuous spinal catheter. The @entity1 who received a continuous spinal catheter developed a postdural puncture @entity10 that resolved with an epidural blood patch. None of the @entity1 who received general, spinal, or epidural anesthesia for their deliveries developed symptoms or had exacerbation of preexisting symptoms of @entity1645 . CONCLUSIONS: General anesthesia, as well as spinal and epidural anesthesia, appeared to be safe and effective in our series of vaginal or cesarean delivery @entity1 . The small number of @entity1 in our series does not negate the cautious recommendations of others, but suggests that general anesthesia, as well as spinal or epidural anesthesia, can be used safely and effectively in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX in parturients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis anesthesia']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 are rare and complex to treat. Long-term angiographic and clinical data after microsurgical or endovascular therapies are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and radiographic outcomes in @entity439 in @entity4806 @entity1 treated with microsurgery. METHODS: Between 1989 and 2005, 48 @entity1 <or= 18 years of age (28 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ; mean age, 12.3 years) were treated for @entity438 . @entity1 charts were reviewed retrospectively for age, presentation, type and location of @entity439 (s), surgical approach, complications, and clinical and angiographic outcomes. Rates of @entity439 recurrence and de novo formation were calculated. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity439 were treated. Presentations included incidental @entity439 (35%), @entity510 (17%), @entity64 (13%), and @entity510 (10%). Location was anterior circulation in 76% and posterior circulation in 24%. Twenty-eight (39%) were fusiform/dissecting, and 16 (23%) were giant. Most @entity439 were clipped directly. A vascular bypass with @entity432 was used to treat 13 @entity439 (18%). Hypothermic circulatory arrest was used to treat 10 @entity439 (14%), all involving the basilar artery. The perioperative morbidity rate was 25%. There were no deaths. The long-term morbidity rate was 14%, and the mortality rate was 3%. Clinical outcome was favorable in 92% and 94% at discharge and follow-up, respectively (mean, 59 months; median, 32 months). At angiographic follow-up (mean, 53 months; median, 32 months), the annual recurrence rate was 2.6%, and the annual rate of de novo formation or growth was 7.8%. CONCLUSION: @entity439 require complex microsurgical techniques to achieve favorable outcomes. They leave higher rates of recurrence and de novo formation or growth than their adult counterparts, which mandates lifelong follow-up.

title: Microsurgical treatment of XXXX @entity438 : long-term angiographic and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Pediatric aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['parent-vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['pediatric']


abstract: An open, nonrandomized, phase 2 study of 53 adult @entity1 who had 60 @entity1398 was conducted to determine if @entity1536 antibacterial prophylaxis could reduce the need during febrile episodes for parenteral therapy directed at gram-negative organisms. @entity281 among recipients of @entity5176 were treated empirically with @entity2176 and @entity5505 ; therapy with the latter was discontinued after 24-48 hours in the absence of @entity281 due to gram-negative organisms. In five @entity1398 , @entity1 had no fever or @entity281 . An aerobic gram-negative bacillus was isolated during only 1 (1.8%) of 55 febrile episodes. Febrile episodes occurred at a median of day 15 of cytotoxic therapy. @entity2176 monotherapy was successful in 22 (50%) of 44 evaluable cases. Modification of the @entity2176 regimen by the addition of @entity868 or @entity1215 increased the response rate to 40 (91%) of 44. Response occurred after a median of 4.5 days. Parenteral empirical therapy with @entity2379 was required in only 3 (7%) of 44 cases. The study strategy safely permitted a reduction in the amount and duration of antibiotic therapy directed against gram-negative organisms in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 .

title: Reduced requirement for antibiotic therapy targeting gram-negative organisms in febrile, @entity1398 @entity1 with cancer who are receiving antibacterial chemoprophylaxis with oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Suspected infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic episodes', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity5176 :: (MESH:D015363,Chemical) :: ['quinolones']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity28 is considered a risk factor for the occurrence of complications after cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to analyze mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity5845 following heart surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective study in a tertiary care setting. METHODS: Out of 1815 adult @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery, 50 consecutive @entity1 (3%) with @entity5845 (defined by a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2) operated on between 7/98 and 3/01 were studied. Mean age was 61.9 +/- 10.4 years, mean BMI was 38.0 +/- 2.7 kg/m2 and mean Parsonnet score was 14.3. Thirty @entity1 had CABG, 14 underwent valve surgery and 6 had combined valve and CABG. RESULTS: Three @entity1 died in the first 30 days (hospital mortality = 6%). Four @entity1 had @entity583 (8%), 4 @entity1 had @entity64 (8%) and 13 required blood transfusion (29%). There were no deep sternal wound infections or reoperations but 9 @entity1 (15%) presented @entity2737 . Mean ICU and hospital stay were 2.2 +/- 2.2 and 6.8 +/- 4.1 days respectively. With a mean follow up of 13.9 +/- 8.9 months, 4 @entity1 died; 38 (93%) out of the 41 @entity1 reviewed are in NYHA class I or II and 27 (65%) have unrestricted physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac surgery in @entity1 with @entity5845 carries a higher morbidity and mortality risk. Short- and medium-term results were satisfactory with improvement in quality of life in two-thirds of the @entity1 .

title: Cardiac surgery and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['superficial wound infections']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of proton radiation therapy (PRT) for intracranial low-grade @entity816 , the authors analyzed the first 27 pediatric @entity1 treated at Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC). @entity1 AND METHOD: Between September 1991 and August 1997, 27 @entity1 (13 female, 14 male) underwent fractionated proton radiation therapy for progressive or recurrent low-grade @entity816 . Age at time of treatment ranged from 2 to 18 years (mean: 8.7 years). @entity5 were located centrally (diencephalic) in 15 @entity1 , in the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres in seven @entity1 , and in the brainstem in five @entity1 . 25/27 @entity1 (92%) were treated for progressive, unresectable, or @entity66 following subtotal resection. Tissue diagnosis was available in 23/27 @entity1 (85%). Four @entity1 with optic pathway @entity5 were treated without histologic confirmation. Target doses between 50.4 and 63.0 CGE (Cobalt Gray Equivalent, mean: 55.2 CGE) were prescribed at 1.8 CGE per fraction, five treatments per week. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up period of 3.3 years (0.6-6.8 years), 6/27 @entity1 experienced local failure (all located within the irradiated field), and 4/27 @entity1 had died. By anatomic site these data translated into rates of local control and survival of 87% (13/15 @entity1 ) and 93% (14/15 @entity1 ) for @entity5 , 71% (5/7 @entity1 ) and 86% (6/7 @entity1 ) for @entity5 , and 60% (3/5 @entity1 ) and 60% (3/5 @entity1 ) for @entity5 located in the brainstem. Proton radiation therapy was generally well tolerated. All @entity1 with local control maintained their performance status. One @entity1 with associated @entity4786 , @entity196 , developed @entity7025 . All six @entity1 with optic pathway @entity5 and useful vision maintained or improved their visual status. CONCLUSIONS: This report on pediatric low-grade @entity816 confirms proton radiation therapy as a safe and efficacious 3-D conformal treatment modality. Results are encouraging for @entity5 as well as large optic pathway @entity5 , where dose conformity is of particular importance; yet it is difficult to achieve. Longer follow-up time is needed to fully evaluate the benefits of normal tissue sparing.

title: Conformal proton radiation therapy for pediatric low-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric tumors', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'central tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Wuling Capsule, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on hippocampal neurogenesis by examining the expressions of @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) and @entity10277 ( @entity10277 ) in @entity35 with @entity308 induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS), and thereby to explore its antidepressant mechanism. METHODS: Forty-five adult male @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n=15), untreated group (n=15) and Wuling group (n=15). All @entity35 except those in the control group were subjected to 3-week CMS to induce @entity308 . At the same time Wuling Capsule was daily added to the diet of the @entity35 in the Wuling group at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. The degree of @entity308 was determined by @entity969 preference test. @entity2136 expression and neurogenesis were tested by using immunohistochemical staining with @entity2136 and @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) antibodies; and the mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity10277 in hippocampus were examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. RESULTS: The numbers of @entity2136 -positive neurons and @entity1603 -positive particles in dentate gyrus (DG) were significantly decreased in CMS @entity35 as compared with the normal @entity35 , and the same changes were found in @entity10277 mRNA and protein expressions. After Wuling Capsule treatment, the @entity146 were improved. Moreover, the reduced expression levels of @entity10277 mRNA and protein and fewer newborn neurons induced by CMS were recovered to the normal levels. However, @entity2136 -positive cells remained low in DG. CONCLUSION: Wuling Capsule can improve the low hippocampal neurogenesis in @entity35 subjected to CMS and the antidepressant effects are related to enhancing the @entity10277 expression but not through @entity2136 mediation.

title: Wuling Capsule promotes hippocampal neurogenesis by improving expression of XXXX in @entity35 exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressed behaviors']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity10277 :: (24392(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['connexin 43']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over the past decade, adipose tissues have been increasingly known for their endocrine properties, that is, their ability to secrete a number of adipocytokines that may exert local and/or systemic effects. In addition, adipose tissues have long been recognized as significant sites for @entity134 hormone transformation and action. We hereby provide an updated survey of the many @entity134 -converting enzymes that may be detected in @entity1 adipose tissues, their activities and potential roles. In addition to the now well-established role of aromatase and @entity15336 ( @entity15336 ) type 1, many enzymes have been reported in adipocyte cell lines, isolated mature cells and/or preadipocytes. These include 11b- @entity15336 type 2, 17b-HSDs, 3b- @entity15336 , 5a-reductases, sulfatases and glucuronosyltransferases. Some of these enzymes are postulated to bear relevance for adipose tissue physiology and perhaps for the pathophysiology of @entity28 . This elaborate set of @entity134 -converting enzymes in the cell types of adipose tissue deserves further scientific attention. Our work on 20a- @entity15336 ( @entity15337 ), 3a- @entity15336 type 3 ( @entity15338 ) and @entity15339 ) allowed us to clarify the relevance of these enzymes for some aspects of adipose tissue function. For example, down-regulation of @entity15338 expression in preadipocytes seems to potentiate the inhibitory action of @entity586 on adipogenesis in this model. Many additional studies are warranted to assess the impact of intra-adipose @entity134 hormone conversions on adipose tissue functions and chronic conditions such as @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity5 .

title: Updated survey of the XXXX -converting enzymes in @entity1 adipose tissues.

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity15336 :: ('9469', 'Gene') :: ['11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase', 'HSD']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To date, most of all new developments in stent technologies are tested in normal animals. Although invaluable in the evaluation of device safety, the juvenile domestic @entity1707 (DS) do not follow the biological healing response occurring in @entity1 following coronary stent implantation. By using a novel @entity1707 breed afflicted with @entity753 ( @entity753 ), we aimed to analyse the vascular response occurring following bare metal stent (BMS) implantation by comparing in vivo endovascular imaging and histological data. METHODS: A total of 26 @entity1707 were included in this study (12 @entity753 and 14 DS). Sixty eight BMS ( @entity753 =28 versus DS=40) were implanted using a 10% overstretch ratio. Imaging evaluation (IVUS and OCT) was conducted in all animals at 30 (n=14) or 90 (n=12) days following stent implantation. After imaging, the stented coronary segments were harvested for histological evaluation. RESULTS: At 30 days, the degree of neointimal formation analysed by OCT (%AS=DS 21.9    10% versus @entity753 25.4    12%; p=0.18) and histology (DS 24.6    10% versus @entity753 23.58    10%; p=0.8) was similar between both animal groups. At 90 days, the degree of neointimal formation in the DS group decreased in all analysed variables (-40% in IVUS neointimal volume, -57% in OCT %AS, and -30% in %AS by histology) compared to the progression of neointimal formation observed in the @entity753 group (+29% in IVUS neointimal volume, +27% in OCT %AS and +43% in %AS by histology). CONCLUSION: The pattern of neointimal formation following BMS implantation in the @entity753 follows a progressive course that does not occur in the DS. Therefore, by providing a progressive neointimal biological response to BMS implantation, the @entity753 could serve as an ideal efficacy model for the validation of drug eluting stent technologies.

title: Coronary bare metal stent implantation in homozygous LDL receptor deficient XXXX induces a neointimal formation pattern similar to @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['FHS', 'familial hypercholesterolemia']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']