abstract: OBJECTIVE: The timing of surgery for active @entity884 remains controversial. In this report, we have reviewed 26 @entity1 who underwent surgery for active infective native-valve @entity884 between April 1992 and December 1998. @entity1 AND METHOD: There were 19 male and 7 female @entity1 (mean age 45 years). The aortic valve was involved in 8 @entity1 , the mitral valve in 6 @entity1 , tricuspid valve in 2 @entity1 , both aortic and mitral valves in 7 @entity1 , both aortic and tricuspid valve in 2 @entity1 , and both mitral and tricuspid valve in one @entity1 . The most common microorganisms were streptococcal species. Preoperative high New York Heart Association functional class (III and IV) was presented in 20 @entity1 (77%). Progressive @entity712 and the echocardiographic findings of @entity47 (larger than 1 cm) were the main operative indications. Emergency or urgent surgery was required in 18 @entity1 (70%). All @entity1 underwent valve replacement, involving 25 mechanical prosthesis and 8 bioprosthesis. RESULTS: The operative mortality was 7.8% (n = 2). In the two @entity1 who died, the @entity281 had extended to the deep cardiac tissue and to the cerebral artery. The mean follow-up of the 24 survivors was 33 months (range from 6 to 82 months). There was no late @entity204 and no recurrence of @entity884 . CONCLUSION: In case of active @entity884 , early surgical intervention is recommended in @entity1 with rapidly progressive @entity299 or @entity47 seen on echocardiography.

title: Early surgery for active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deterioration']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Although @entity3469 (ADM) is implicated in the control of airway tone, regulation of ADM release from airway smooth-muscle cells (ASMCs) has not been explored. Preliminary experiments have indicated that @entity1 ASMC populations were heterogeneous in their rate of ADM release and expression of endothelin (ET)(A) and @entity1627 receptors. We isolated these phenotypically distinct ASMCs from explants derived from the same airway segment. ASMCs possessing exclusively @entity2231 receptors appeared smaller and proliferated faster than @entity2231 / @entity1627 isolates. Macroautoradiographic analysis confirmed the presence of both receptors in @entity1 bronchi. ADM release and messenger RNA expression was greater in @entity2231 / @entity1627 ) isolates compared with @entity2231 isolates. No measurable ET release was detected from ASMCs. Exogenous ET-1 (1 to 100 nM) more potently stimulated the release of ADM from @entity2231 / @entity1627 ) compared with @entity2231 isolates. In addition, ET-3 (1 to 100 nM) stimulated ADM release only from @entity2231 / @entity1627 isolates, implicating the @entity1627 receptor in this response. Exogenous ET-1 potentiated platelet- derived growth factor-stimulated @entity665 uptake in @entity2231 / @entity1627 but not @entity2231 isolates. ET-3 did not affect @entity665 uptake in either cell type. Possession of @entity2231 / @entity1627 receptors is associated with higher rates of ADM release and slower proliferation, but a capacity for ET-1 stimulated DNA synthesis via @entity2231 receptors. These results support a paracrine role for the regulation of ADM release predominantly via the @entity1627 receptor in @entity1 ASMCs.

title: Differential XXXX release and endothelin receptor expression in distinct subpopulations of @entity1 airway smooth-muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3469 :: ('MESH:D053607', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenomedullin']

answer: @entity3469 :: (MESH:D053607,Chemical) :: ['adrenomedullin']


abstract: @entity136 has modest activity in the treatment of advanced @entity788 and is a potent radiosensitizer. We conducted a Phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose of weekly @entity136 delivered concurrently with radiation therapy for the treatment of locally advanced @entity420 of the pancreatic head and to assess the treatment-related toxic effects associated with such a regimen. Eighteen @entity1 with pathologically proven, locally advanced @entity420 of the pancreatic head were enrolled in this study. @entity1 received seven weekly doses of @entity136 with 3000 cGy of external beam radiation therapy delivered during the first 2 weeks of therapy. Six @entity1 received @entity136 at 350 mg/m(2)/week, nine at 400 mg/m(2)/week, and three at 500 mg/m(2)/week. Grade 3-4 hematological @entity137 was observed in over half the @entity1 treated. Nonhematological @entity137 were significant and included @entity1295 , @entity448 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity2700 . Forty-four % of the @entity1 required admission to the hospital for management of @entity1209 . The risk of hospitalization appeared to be dose-related; all of the three @entity1 treated at 500 mg/m(2)/week required hospital admission during treatment. Seventeen @entity1 were evaluated for response, and eight @entity1 (47%) had evidence of a local anticancer effect. Four of these eight @entity1 (24%) had a partial response to therapy. The median survival for the entire group was 6 months. The 1-year survival rate for @entity1 with an objective response to therapy was 66%. The clinical responses observed in this group of @entity1 suggest @entity136 is a clinically relevant radiosensitizer in @entity1 with @entity788 . However, the toxic effects are significant, suggesting that until dose and scheduling issues are explored further, concomitant administration of @entity136 and radiation therapy should still be considered investigational.

title: Phase I trial of @entity136 combined with radiation for the treatment of locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting and dehydration']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIM: Intracranial @entity145 account for 1% of all intracranial mass lesions and may require drainage if symptomatic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 45 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical drainage for symptomatic @entity932 at our institution from January 2000 to January 2010. The average age of our @entity1 was 36.2 years; 26 were female and 19 were males. The most common symptoms included @entity10 (73.3%) and @entity1296 (35.6%). RESULTS: Cyst wall fenestration was carried out in 29 (64.4%), Cystoperitoneal shunting in 6 (13.3%) and endoscopic fenestration and stealth guided craniotomy in 5 @entity1 each (11.1%). Seven @entity1 had perioperative complications, and on discharge 79.1% of all @entity1 had partial or complete clinical relief and 85.7% showed radiological decompression. A maximum cyst dimension of more than 5.0 cm was significantly associated with worse outcome at discharge (p=0.02). There was no association between post-operative size cyst decompression and resolution of clinical symptoms. The clinical and radiological outcomes were comparable between different surgical methods. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the outcomes between different modalities. The extent of post-operative radiological reduction had no correlation with clinical outcomes, and should be assessed in relation to the @entity1 's clinical status.

title: Surgical management of intracranial XXXX : clinical and radiological outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial cysts']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cysts']


abstract: The internal jugular (IJ) valve is the only valve between the heart and the brain, preventing @entity1211 into the IJ vein. @entity340 has been tested by IJ venography. Doppler ultrasonography of the IJ vein and M-mode ultrasonography of the IJ valve, and color flow imaging (CFI) of the IJ vein. However, interpretation of venous Doppler and CFI is difficult, and venography is invasive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new dynamic method to test IJ valve competency, and to review the literature regarding the potential clinical importance of this pathophysiology. Ten @entity1 had intravenous injection of agitated air and saline during Valsalva maneuver with B-mode monitoring and CFI of the right IJ vein. Contrast bubbles were clearly identified refluxing into the right IJ vein in 50% of @entity1 . Air contrast studies more often showed IJ valve @entity337 than CFI. Bubbles appeared in the IJ vein within 19.2 sec and persisted up to 282 sec. Bubble aggregation was also observed. There was no correlation between positive bubbles and the presence of spontaneous echo contrast on baseline B-mode imaging. Air contrast ultrasound venography (ACUV) is a new noninvasive method to assess competency of the IJ valves. This technique is feasible, appears to be more sensitive than CFI, and adds a new dimension to the study of the venous system in @entity66 . Potential clinical application includes evaluation of @entity1 with increased central venous pressure, those with @entity10 , and those on positive end-expiratory pressure ventilators.

title: A new dynamic method for detection of internal jugular valve XXXX using air contrast ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['morning headaches']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Internal jugular valve competence']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['incompetence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the response of @entity1 with @entity2106 to plasma exchange and to evaluate the role of splenectomy after relapse. METHODS: The records of all @entity1 with @entity2106 who had plasma exchange as primary treatment at a single center during a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Response to the initial course of plasma exchange was determined, and the clinical outcome was evaluated in @entity1 whose conditions were either refractory to exchange, responded without relapse, or relapsed after initial response. The outcome of @entity1 treated during relapse with splenectomy was evaluated. A literature review was conducted to determine the clinical outcome in @entity1 treated similarly. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 for whom data could be evaluated had been treated in the 10-year period. Twenty-one (78%) responded to the plasma exchange, but the conditions of six (22%) were refractory and these @entity1 died. Eight @entity1 (30%) had one or multiple relapses after initial response but had prolonged remissions after additional plasma exchange alone (two @entity1 ) or splenectomy (six @entity1 ). A review of 19 reports, including 224 @entity1 with @entity2106 initially treated with plasma exchange, revealed similar findings, with initial response in 81%, refractoriness in 19%, and relapse after initial response in 27% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Response to plasma exchange in @entity2106 is associated with an excellent prognosis, and most @entity204 occur in @entity1 whose conditions are refractory. Relapses after initial response are frequent but can be managed successfully with additional plasma exchange or with splenectomy, which often induces long-term remissions.

title: Response to plasma exchange and splenectomy in XXXX . A 10-year experience at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: Detection of fetal @entity851 by ultrasound examination of pregnant @entity1 has become a specialized field of medicine. Quality control of this field requires detailed examination of aborted fetuses. In 408 fetuses and @entity1 with @entity600 , the prenatal ultrasound findings were compared with the post-mortem findings. This study focused on 140 central nervous system (CNS) anomalies. Criteria for inclusion were an ultrasound examination at the National Center for Fetal Medicine (NCFM) and an autopsy performed during the period 1985-94. Results of the ultrasound and autopsy examinations were systematized into six different categories. @entity1276 and @entity10413 were the most frequent abnormalities, together accounting for 50% of the @entity3002 . In 20 cases (14%), the @entity3002 were associated with @entity154 or chromosomal aberrations. In 125 of the cases (89%), there was complete concordance between the ultrasound and autopsy diagnoses. Of the 15 CNS cases with discrepancies, seven had nearly complete concordance; if we include these, the correlation was 94%. In conclusion, this study confirms that @entity600 in the central nervous system are frequent and that ultrasound diagnoses are in good concordance with the autopsy diagnoses.

title: Comparison of prenatal ultrasound and postmortem findings in fetuses and @entity1 with central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['other important anomalies']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['CNS anomalies']

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['anencephaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['developmental anomalies']

answer: @entity3002 :: (MESH:D009421,Disease) :: ['nervous system anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine utilization and costs of home care services (hcs) for individuals with a diagnosis of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: Incident cases of invasive @entity0 in @entity1 were extracted from the Ontario @entity5 Registry (2005-2009) and linked with other Ontario health care administrative databases. Control @entity1 were selected from the population of @entity1 never diagnosed with any type of @entity5 . The types and proportions of hcs used were determined and stratified by disease stage. Attributable home care utilization and costs for @entity0 @entity1 were determined. Factors associated with hcs costs were assessed using regression analysis. RESULTS: Among the 39,656 @entity0 and 198,280 control @entity1 identified (median age: 61.6 years for both), 75.4% of @entity0 @entity1 used hcs (62.1% stage i; 85.7% stage ii; 94.6% stage iii; 79.1% stage iv) compared with 14.6% of control @entity1 . The number of hcs used per @entity1 -year were significantly higher for the @entity0 @entity1 than for the control @entity1 (14.97 vs. 6.13, p < 0.01), resulting in higher costs per @entity1 -year ( 1,210 vs.  325;  885 attributable cost to @entity0 , p < 0.01). The number of hcs utilized and the associated costs increased as the @entity0 stage increased. In contrast, hcs costs decreased as income increased and as previous health care exposure decreased. INTERPRETATION: @entity1 with @entity0 used twice as many hcs, resulting in costs that were almost 4 times those observed in a matched control group. Less than an additional  1000 per @entity0 @entity1 per year were spent on hcs utilization in the study population.

title: Population-based home care services in XXXX : utilization and costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['bc', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review @entity460 regulation, causes of @entity3747 during @entity3124 , clinical features and treatment of @entity3747 , hemodynamic effects of @entity460 administration, @entity460 - @entity2922 interactions, and the role of @entity460 in @entity63 . DESIGN: Representative articles from the medical literature are used to support the discussion of selected aspects of @entity460 metabolism which are important to the practice of critical care medicine. SUBJECTS: Results from both animal and @entity1 investigations and both in vitro and in vivo studies are discussed. RESULTS: Circulating @entity460 levels are best measured using ionized @entity460 electrodes. Ionized @entity3747 is common in @entity3124 @entity1 and usually results from @entity8611 , impaired @entity560 synthesis or action, or @entity460 chelation/precipitation. Ionized @entity3747 most commonly presents as @entity65 . Mild ionized @entity3747 (greater than 0.8 mmol/L) is usually asymptomatic and frequently does not require treatment. Moderate-to-severe ionized @entity3747 is best treated with iv @entity460 in the @entity3124 @entity1 . The majority of studies report no increase in cardiac output but a significant increase in BP after iv @entity460 administration. When administered with beta-adrenergic agonists, @entity460 frequently impairs their cardiovascular actions. Intracellular @entity460 dysregulation is common during ischemic and shock states. Agents which increase intracellular @entity460 may be harmful during cellular @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in @entity460 regulation and @entity460 concentrations are common during @entity3124 . Optimal management of altered @entity460 concentrations requires an understanding of the pathophysiology behind these alterations.

title: XXXX in @entity3124 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['impaired parathyroid hormone secretion or action']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular or neuromuscular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3747 :: (MESH:D006996,Disease) :: ['Hypocalcemia']


abstract: Trials of the new antithrombotic agent fondaparinux @entity1372 in @entity1 undergoing orthopedic surgery are discussed. Phase II studies conducted in more than 900 hip-replacement and 400 knee-replacement @entity1 demonstrated significant dose-dependent reductions in the frequency of @entity1211 . Phase III trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux @entity1372 2.5 mg s.c. once daily starting six hours after surgery compared with enoxaparin for prevention of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Four multicenter, randomized, comparative, double-blind Phase III trials were conducted: two in total hip replacement @entity1 (Ephesus and Pentathlon 2000), one in knee surgery @entity1 (PentaMaks), and one in @entity173 surgery @entity1 (Penthifra). All four studies followed the same design template, and the comparator was one of two regimens of enoxaparin approved for this indication. Enoxaparin @entity1372 30 mg s.c. every 12 hours starting postoperatively was used in Pentathlon 2000 and PentaMaks, and enoxaparin @entity1372 40 mg s.c. once daily starting preoperatively was used in Ephesus and Penthifra. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of @entity1211 up to day 11, as determined by venography or confirmation of symptoms. The main safety outcome was occurrence of major @entity548 . In total, 7344 @entity1 were randomized and efficacy was evaluated in 5385 (73.3%). Risk of @entity1211 was reduced by 50% in @entity1 receiving fondaparinux compared with those receiving @entity2120 . Safety profiles for clinically relevant @entity548 were similar between the two drugs. Fondaparinux @entity1372 , a novel antithrombotic agent, is effective for the prevention of @entity1211 , with a favorable safety profile, in @entity1 undergoing major orthopedic surgery.

title: Setting a standard for XXXX prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) can be used as a nonthermal preservation method that is believed to enhance the effect of nisin on microorganisms such as @entity794 . The survival of @entity794 inoculated into skim milk and treated with nisin, with @entity2194 , or with a combination of nisin- @entity2194 was evaluated. Nisin dose, milk pH, and @entity2194 treatment time were the controlled variables that were set up at 20 to 150 ppm, pH 5.0 to 6.8, and 240 to 2,400 micros, respectively. @entity2194 strength and pulse width were kept constant at 35 kV/cm and 4 micros, respectively. No reduction in @entity794 concentration was observed in skim milk at its natural pH after treatment with @entity31778 , but 1.1 log units were recovered after 90 min of treatment at pH 5.0 with 150 ppm nisin. A reduction in viable @entity794 counts of 0.3 and 1.0 log unit in skim milk treated with @entity2194 at its natural pH was observed at 240 and 2,400 micros, respectively. The nisin- @entity2194 treatment design was based on a response surface methodology. The combined effect of nisin and @entity2194 was clearly synergistic. However, synergism depended on pH. A maximum microbial inactivation of 6.0 log units was observed at pH 6.8, 20 ppm nisin, and 2,400 micros of @entity2194 treatment time, whereas a reduction of over 4.5 log units was achieved when pH, nisin concentration, and @entity2194 treatment times were set at 5.0, 150 ppm, and 240 micros, respectively.

title: Enhancing inactivation of XXXX in skim milk by combining high-intensity pulsed electric fields and nisin.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['High-intensity pulsed electric fields', 'HIPEF']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ), the presence of maternal T  cells in peripheral blood before transplantation, is detectable in a significant proportion of @entity1 with @entity466 ( @entity466 ). Although the presence of @entity7310 is associated with a decreased risk of rejecting a maternal graft, it is unknown whether @entity7310 plays a role in development of @entity2132 after HSCT. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of pretransplantation @entity7310 is associated with posttransplantation @entity2132 in @entity1 with @entity466 . METHODS: This was an institutional retrospective review of 74 @entity1 with @entity466 undergoing transplantation between 1988 and 2014. The incidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was compared in @entity1 with versus those without @entity7310 . Confounding variables, such as donor type and conditioning regimen, were included in a multivariate regression model. RESULTS: @entity7310 was identified in 35 of 74 @entity1 . Post-HSCT @entity2132 developed with an incidence of 57.1% versus 17.9% in those without @entity7310 (P  <  .001). In univariate analysis donor type (mother) and @entity2132 prophylaxis (T-cell depletion) were also significant predictors of @entity2132 . In multivariate analysis @entity7310 and chemotherapy conditioning were independent risk factors for the development of @entity2132 (relative risk, 2.75, P  =  .006 and relative risk, 1.42, P  =  .02, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity7310 independently predicts the development of posttransplantation @entity2132 , even when controlling for donor type and conditioning used. The presence of @entity7310 should be considered when assessing the risk of @entity2132 in @entity1 with  @entity466 and designing the approach for @entity2132 prophylaxis.

title: @entity7310 and posttransplantation graft-versus-host disease in XXXX with @entity466 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['Transplacental maternal engraftment', 'TME']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease', 'acute graft-versus-host disease', 'aGVHD']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23028 is a direct Rho target which mediates Rho-induced assembly of focal adhesions and stress fibers. We previously reported that Rho signaling pathways are involved in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vitro. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that an inhibitor specific for @entity23028 ( @entity12223 ) could prevent experimental @entity1575 induced by @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ) in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity12223 was given orally at 30 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks after the first injection of @entity1233 . The degree of @entity82 was evaluated by image analysis and also by measurements of collagen and @entity720 content in the liver. The expression of @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ) in the liver and in the primary cultured HSC was also evaluated. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of type I collagen mRNA in the liver. RESULTS: @entity12223 treatment significantly decreased the occurrence of @entity1233 -induced @entity1575 and reduced the collagen and @entity720 content and @entity1918 expression in the liver. The expression of @entity1918 in HSC was also suppressed in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that inhibitors of the Rho-ROCK pathway might be useful therapeutically in @entity1575 .

title: A selective ROCK inhibitor, @entity12223 , prevents XXXX -induced @entity1575 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-SMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

answer: @entity1232 :: (MESH:D004128,Chemical) :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity1851 (CRP) in @entity712 is not well studied. We assessed the prognostic value of CRP in @entity1 randomized in Val-HeFT ( @entity917 Heart Failure Trial) and studied changes in CRP that were associated with @entity917 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Characteristics of @entity1 with baseline CRP levels above and below the median value were compared. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the relationship of CRP to mortality and morbidity. Interactions were tested to determine whether differences in CRP changes from baseline to 4 and 12 months between groups randomly assigned to @entity917 or placebo depended on baseline ACE inhibitor use. Median plasma CRP was 3.23 mg/L (interquartile range 1.42 to 7.56 mg/L), which is higher than in the general population. @entity1 with CRP above the median had features of more severe @entity712 than those with CRP levels below the median. The cumulative likelihood of @entity204 and first morbid event increased with increasing quartile of CRP. Relative to the lowest CRP quartile, the risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.9) and first morbid event (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.84) was increased in the highest CRP quartile in multivariable models. CRP added incremental prognostic information to that provided by brain natriuretic peptide alone. CRP did not change significantly over time in the placebo group; however, after 12 months, @entity917 was associated with a decrease in CRP in @entity1 not receiving ACE inhibitors but not in those receiving ACE inhibitors at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: CRP is increased in @entity712 . Higher levels are associated with features of more severe @entity712 and are independently associated with mortality and morbidity. The ability of treatments to reduce CRP levels and the prognostic importance of reducing CRP require further study.

title: @entity1851 in XXXX : prognostic value and the effect of @entity917 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether a reduced amniotic fluid volume was associated with the onset of @entity3152 in @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 . STUDY DESIGN: An amniotic fluid index was determined before transabdominal amniocentesis in 129 @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 (gestational age < or = 35 weeks). Amniotic fluid was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as for @entity9463 . Survival techniques were used for analysis. RESULTS: Amniotic fluid index was < or = 5 cm in 29% of @entity1 (38/129). @entity1 with an amniotic fluid index of < or = 5 cm had a significantly higher rate of positive amniotic fluid culture than those with an amniotic fluid index of >5 cm (42% [16/38] vs 18% [16/91]; P<.01). Spontaneous preterm delivery within 24 hours and 48 hours was more frequent among @entity1 with an amniotic fluid index of < or = 5 cm than those with an amniotic fluid index of >5 cm (for 24 hours, 29% vs 12%; for 48 hours, 42% vs 21%; P<.05 for each). The amniocentesis-to-delivery interval was significantly shorter in @entity1 with an amniotic fluid index of < or = 5 cm than in @entity1 with an amniotic fluid index of >5 cm (median, 38 hours; range, 0.2-1310 hours; vs median, 100 hours; range 0.1-2917 hours; P<.01). Moreover, @entity797 proportional hazards model analysis indicated that an amniotic fluid index of < or = 5 cm was a significant predictor of the duration of the pregnancy after adjustment for gestational age and the results of amniotic fluid culture (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-3.9; P<.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with preterm premature @entity397 and an amniotic fluid index of < or = 5 cm are at increased risk for a shorter interval to delivery.

title: The relationship between oligohydramnios and the onset of XXXX in preterm premature @entity397 .

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasmas']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm parturition']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: We investigated the effects of a "tall oil"-derived @entity37161 mixture (TODPM) on the formation of @entity731 in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 . TODPM was added at 2% (wt/wt) to the chow of nine @entity19 ; the control group had six animals. The diet of all animals contained 9% (wt/wt) fat and 0.15% (wt/wt) @entity165 . After 4 weeks, plasma total @entity165 levels were significantly reduced in the TODPM-treated @entity19 (26.6 versus 42.0 mmol/L, P < .0001). The mean body weight of the TODPM-supplemented group was significantly higher at week 5 and throughout the study (29.4 versus 27.7 g, P < .05). The experiment was terminated at 18 weeks. Histological examination showed mature @entity731 composed of foam cells underlying the endothelium, a mosaic of extracellular glycosaminoglycans, numerous apparently proliferative smooth muscle cells, and foci of @entity165 clefts in the control animals. By contrast, the TODPM-treated @entity19 showed only early lesions containing mainly superficial foam cells. As assessed by morphometry, the lesion area in the aortic sinuses of TODPM-treated animals was less than half that of control animals (P < .0001). This reduced lesion area was accompanied by a substantial reduction in all lesional components, reflecting a delay in progression of @entity1856 changes. A strong positive correlation (r = .69, P < .01) was found between plasma total @entity165 levels and lesion area in the aortic sinuses. TODPM also prevented the occurrence of @entity4741 . We conclude that supplementation of a @entity165 -enriched diet with TODPM significantly lowers plasma @entity165 and retards development of @entity731 in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 , suggesting a therapeutic potential for the mixture of @entity9541 studied.

title: "Tall oil"-derived @entity9541 reduce @entity731 in @entity6970 -deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4741 :: ('MESH:D014973', 'Disease') :: ['xanthomatosis']

entities_list: @entity37161 :: ('CHEBI:28824', 'Chemical') :: ['phytosterol']

entities_list: @entity9541 :: ('MESH:D010840', 'Chemical') :: ['phytosterols']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In cases of @entity8674 major, apoptosis appears to be greatly enhanced in the early-stage erythroid precursors in the bone marrow leading to ineffective erythropoiesis. @entity6211 is found to strongly reduce apoptosis in different diseases. We investigated the effect of oral @entity6211 therapy on apoptosis in @entity2395 major @entity1 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity2395 major @entity1 with a mean age of 12.2 +/- 6.6 years were included. Detection of apoptosis was done by photometric enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and agarose gel electrophoresis before and after 6 months of oral therapy with @entity6211 (50 mg/kg/day). RESULTS: A significant decrease of apoptosis frequency in the erythroid precursors in the bone marrow of studied cases was noted after therapy. The quantity of nucleosomes measured by ELISA dropped from 3.65 +/- 1.338 to 1.60 +/- 0.65 after therapy (p = 0.005). A positive ladder pattern reflecting apoptosis on agarose gel electrophoresis was detected in 88.9% of cases prior to treatment versus 16.7% after therapy (p = 0.006). @entity1 also had a significant decrease in the frequency of transfusions and increase in the pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels after therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity6211 seems to be a good modulator of apoptotic processes in thalassemic @entity1 leading to a decreased frequency of programmed erythroblast death and general improvement of the disease condition.

title: Apoptosis in XXXX major reduced by a butyrate derivative.

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['L-carnitine', 'L-Carnitine']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['thalassemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine occurrence of @entity291 's @entity14569 intolerance (CMPI) in newborns that underwent small intestine surgery and the clinical profiles of those newborns with postoperative CMPI, and to evaluate the preventive effects of probiotics on CMPI. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed from 2000 to 2009, a total of 30 newborns required surgery on their small intestines. All of these @entity1 had received antibiotics to prevent @entity86 . Since 2005 we adopted a protocol of targeted probiotic therapy prophylaxis. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 received probiotic therapy, while twelve did not. One @entity1 among those eighteen @entity1 and eight @entity1 among those twelve developed CMPI, a significantly lower rate for the group with probiotic therapy than that without it (p < 0.001). @entity1 with positive cultures for gram positive and gram negative organisms increased in number before and after surgery but then decreased after probiotics treatment. Poor weight gain, @entity344 , and rise in @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels were observed in all of those nine CMPI @entity1 . Specific IgE antibodies were elevated in four of the nine subjects, and total IgE levels were elevated in seven of them. All CMPI @entity1 had increased level of @entity1851 without proven infections. CONCLUSIONS: CMPI was induced in newborns after surgery on their small intestines and antibiotics treatment with presentation of symptoms that mimic @entity86 . Development of CMPI in this population possibly involves @entity1944 . Administration of probiotics can reduce the incidence of CMPI after small intestine surgery. The elevated @entity1851 level may be useful in the diagnosis of CMPI.

title: Prophylactic probiotics reduce XXXX 's @entity14569 intolerance in neonates after small intestine surgery and antibiotic treatment presenting symptoms that mimics @entity86 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['disruption of intestinal flora']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: Aberrant glycosylation of mucins on the surface of @entity420 leads to exposure of novel @entity5 -associated epitopes potentially recognizable by the immune system. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed against some of these epitopes. One such mAb, denoted CC49, recognizes the @entity5 -associated glycoprotein @entity2797 . Most @entity420 , including breast, colon, ovarian, prostate, and gastric, express some form of this molecule, recognizable by the CC49 antibody. The widespread distribution of the antigen on transformed cells makes the CC49 mAb a potentially powerful tool in numerous immunotherapy contexts. In the course of our studies with CC49 and certain of its molecularly engineered derivatives, we screened a number of @entity1 hematopoietic cell lines for @entity2797 expression by flow cytometry using @entity19 . We found that the T-cell line, Jurkat, had a higher level of CC49 mAb binding than any of the @entity189 cell lines previously evaluated in our laboratory. In addition, the myelomonocytic cell line Tf-1 and the @entity6007 cell line K562 were also positive for CC49 mAb binding by flow-cytometric analysis. However, peripheral blood lymphocytes and certain other hematopoietic cell lines were not able to bind the @entity19 mAb. Immunoblot analyses of cell extracts from the CC49 reactive lines indicated distinct protein species reactive with the @entity19 antibody. In some instances, cells expressing these reactive proteins were susceptible to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity using a chimeric derivative of the CC49 antibody. These results indicate that the cell membrane expression of molecules recognized by CC49 extends beyond @entity420 to certain cell lines of hematopoietic origin.

title: XXXX -reactive antibody CC49 recognizes molecules expressed by hematopoietic cell lines.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2797 :: (MESH:C047052,Chemical) :: ['TAG-72']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Outcomes of salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiation (CRT) for @entity957 are well defined. Previous reports of salvage esophagectomy in @entity1 with recurrent @entity420 after definitive CRT are limited by small numbers and high morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS: We reviewed our experience of 65 @entity1 with @entity420 treated from 1997 to 2010 who underwent salvage esophagectomy after failed definitive CRT. We then compared this group to 65 matched @entity1 of 521 total @entity1 with @entity420 who received preoperative CRT followed by planned esophagectomy. Propensity matching and multivariable analysis were performed. RESULTS: Median time to surgery from completion of therapy for the salvage group was 216 days. Major postoperative events (major pulmonary event, conduit loss, leak, readmission to intensive care unit) occurred in 35% (23 of 65) of salvage @entity1 and 31% (20 of 65) of the planned resection matched group. @entity834 occurred in 18.5% (12 of 65) and 11.3 (59 of 521) of salvage and planned groups, respectively. Thirty-day mortality was 3.1% (2 of 65) after salvage resection and 4.6% (3 of 65) after planned resection. There was no difference in 3-year overall or median survival between the two groups of @entity1 (32 months, 48% salvage, versus 40 months, 57% planned resection). Multivariable analysis did not identify salvage strategy or time from completion of therapy to resection as a predictor of major event or @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative morbidity, mortality, and overall survival of @entity1 after salvage esophagectomy are comparable to matched @entity1 after planned resection. These results suggest that @entity1 with @entity420 who fail definitive CRT and recur locoregionally should be considered for salvage esophagectomy at experienced esophageal centers.

title: Salvage esophagectomy after failed definitive chemoradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that radiofrequency isolation of the pulmonary veins (PVI) is an effective treatment for symptomatic @entity955 . Based on these positive results, non- pharmacological therapy has been incorporated in the guidelines for drug refractory @entity955 , resulting in an increased popularity. The prevention of @entity1031 remains an important issue. METHODS: In January 2010, we adopted an anticoagulation strategy based on continuation of @entity2067 antagonists (VKAs) and selective use of transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). We retrospectively analysed the results of this strategy in all @entity1 referred for PVI treatment. VKAs were started for all @entity1 2  months prior to treatment. Discontinuation of oral anticoagulation was considered 3  months after treatment based on @entity1031 and bleeding risk profile. Bleeding and @entity1031 were registered during outpatient clinic follow-up up until 3  months. RESULTS: We performed 151 PVI procedures from January 2010 to March 2011. All @entity1 were seen 6  weeks after discharge. No transient ischaemic accidents or ischaemic cerebrovascular incidents occurred pre-, peri- or postprocedure. Four (2.7%) procedures were complicated by tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the increasing evidence for continuation of periprocedural administration of VKAs complemented by a selective TEE approach as a safe therapy for @entity1031 .

title: Continuation of XXXX antagonists as acceptable anticoagulation regimen in @entity1 undergoing pulmonary vein isolation.

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['vitamin K']


abstract: Most mosquito species must feed on the blood of a vertebrate host to produce eggs. In the @entity4224 , @entity4224 , blood feeding triggers medial neurosecretory cells in the brain to release insulin-like peptides (ILPs) and @entity43 ( @entity43 ). Theses hormones thereafter directly induce the ovaries to produce ecdysteroid hormone (ECD), which activates the synthesis of yolk proteins in the fat body for uptake by oocytes. ILP3 stimulates ECD production by binding to the mosquito insulin receptor (MIR). In contrast, little is known about the mode of action of @entity43 , which is a member of a neuropeptide family called neuroparsin. Here we report that @entity43 is the only neuroparsin family member present in the Ae. aegypti genome and that other mosquitoes also encode only one neuroparsin gene. Immunoblotting experiments suggested that the full-length form of the peptide, which we call long @entity43 (lOEH), is processed into short @entity43 (sOEH). The importance of processing, however, remained unclear because a recombinant form of lOEH (rlOEH) and synthetic sOEH exhibited very similar biological activity. A series of experiments indicated that neither rlOEH nor sOEH bound to ILP3 or the MIR. Signaling studies further showed that ILP3 activated the MIR but rlOEH did not, yet both neuropeptides activated Akt, which is a marker for insulin pathway signaling. Our results also indicated that activation of TOR signaling in the ovaries required co-stimulation by @entity1522 and either ILP3 or rlOEH. Overall, we conclude that @entity43 activates the insulin signaling pathway independently of the MIR, and that insulin and TOR signaling in the ovaries is coupled.

title: Ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone functions independently of the insulin receptor in the XXXX , @entity4224 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone', 'OEH']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['yellow fever mosquito', 'Aedes aegypti']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['yellow fever mosquito']


abstract: @entity42129 effects on @entity172 action and @entity669 kinase activity have been proposed to contribute to @entity5 prevention. To study these mechanisms, a number of phytoestrogens and related compounds were evaluated for their effects on DNA synthesis (estimated by @entity1014 incorporation analysis) in @entity172 -dependent MCF-7 cells in the presence of @entity53 (E2), @entity440 , insulin, or @entity4179 . We observed that 1) at 0.01-10 microM, @entity670 and @entity19097 enhanced E2-induced DNA synthesis, as did 10 microM enterolactone. @entity15602 at 1.0-10 microM and 10 microM @entity19812 or @entity15476 inhibited E2-induced DNA synthesis, as did all compounds at > 10 microM, 2) @entity440 enhanced @entity670 -induced DNA synthesis but inhibited DNA synthesis induced by all other compounds, and 3) @entity670 enhanced @entity4179 -induced DNA synthesis at 0.1-1.0 and 0.1-10 microM, respectively. At higher concentrations, inhibition was observed. Similar effects were seen with @entity19097 . In conclusion, the effects of phytoestrogens in the presence of E2 or growth factors are concentration dependent and variable. At low concentrations, @entity670 and @entity19097 significantly enhanced E2-induced and @entity669 kinase-mediated DNA synthesis; at high concentrations, inhibition was observed. Differing effects were observed with the other compounds. The variable effects of phytoestrogens on DNA synthesis must be considered when their roles in @entity5 prevention or treatment are evaluated.

title: Effects of phytoestrogens on DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells in the presence of XXXX or growth factors.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity19097 :: ('MESH:D003375', 'Chemical') :: ['coumestrol']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'insulin- and epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity42129 :: ('MESH:D048789', 'Chemical') :: ['Phytoestrogen']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2316 is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This may be contributed to by changes in plasma lipids, @entity2002 and hemorheology. Cardiovascular @entity5433 , which is related to an increased incidence of @entity204 , may also play a role. @entity1 AND METHODS: Therefore, we investigated in 58 @entity1723 - @entity1 with none (n = 28), incipient ( @entity633 30 to 300 mg/day, n = 11) and overt clinical @entity8 ( @entity633 > 300 mg/day, n = 19) plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and @entity2002 , plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation and @entity2003 . Assessments of @entity16 included tibial nerve motor conduction velocity, perception of vibration, beat-to-beat variation during rest and during forced respiration, heart-rate response to Valsalva maneuver and heart-rate response to standing (30:15). RESULTS: @entity1 with clinical overt @entity8 had, compared to those without @entity8 , significantly higher concentrations of LDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 and @entity2002 , significantly lower concentrations of HDL- @entity165 and significantly higher plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregability and @entity2003 . Regarding the assessments of @entity16 we found in @entity1 with @entity8 , compared to those without @entity8 , significantly reduced tibial nerve motor conduction velocity, reduced perception of vibration thresholds and reduced heart rate variability during rest, during forced respiration, in response to Valsalva maneuver and in response to standing. In @entity6 @entity1 with microalbuminuria erythrocyte aggregability and @entity2003 were significantly higher and heart rate variability during rest was significantly lower than in @entity1 without @entity8 . CONCLUSION: In clinical overt @entity8 there is an aggregation of different cardiovascular risk factors, namely, disturbances in lipoprotein concentrations, increased @entity2002 concentration and disturbances in hemorheology. Furthermore marked deterioration in peripheral and autonomic cardial nerve function in these @entity1 is evident accounting for a part of the greatly increased cardiovascular mortality of these @entity1 .

title: [Cardiovascular risk factors in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['erythrocyte rigidity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: AIM: To study correlations between personal @entity148 (PA) as one of the leading psychosocial factors and @entity741 ( @entity741 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The third screening (1994) of the program MONICA and subprogram MOPSY-MONICA-psychosocial covered a random representative sample of males at the age of 25-64 years living in Novosibirsk. The response was 82% (657 responders, mean age 44.3 +/- 0.4 years). Statistical analysis was based on the SPSS-10 software package. RESULTS: Prevalence of PA as an indication of social stress in a male population of 25-64-year-olds is very high especially in young age groups. PA is maximal among @entity1 with elementary education and workers. @entity1 with PA experience strong stress in job and in family settings. An @entity741 rate is higher among PA @entity1 . High PA is often associated with @entity308 , high hostility, @entity3085 , sleep problems, low social support. PA @entity1 have a negative opinion of their health but their attempts to improve it are insufficient. The proportion of those who quit smoking, reduce the number of cigarettes, keep diet, restrict physical activity grow in PA @entity1 . CONCLUSION: PA is prevalent among male population especially in young @entity1 . A PA level correlates with social status. @entity741 occurs more frequently in PA @entity1 . High PA often associates with other psychosocial factors.

title: [Personal @entity148 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine possible variations in plasma levels of @entity2493 in @entity1 sedated with @entity1875 administered in continuous infusion. @entity1 AND METHODS: Healthy @entity1 receiving spinal anesthesia for lower limb orthopedic surgery were randomized to 2 groups in this prospective study: group A @entity1 were sedated with intravenous @entity1875 infused at a rate of 3 to 4 mg kg(-1) h(-1) and group B underwent surgery without sedation. Data from these groups were compared with data from 2 other groups. Group C data, from healthy volunteers who did not undergo surgery or sedation, were compared with baseline values. Group D data were theoretical reference values for plasma @entity2493 levels taken from the literature, for comparisons at baseline and in the range of hypnosis. Hormone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline, at 10 and 60 minutes after the start of sedation, and 90 minutes after withdrawal of sedation. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were enrolled. No significant between-group differences were detected at baseline (P>.269), 60 minutes after starting sedation or 90 minutes after withdrawing it (P>.347 and P>.057 respectively). Values were significantly different between group B and groups A and D 10 minutes after starting sedation with @entity1875 (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma levels of @entity2493 increased during administration of @entity1875 in continuous perfusion.

title: [Altered plasma @entity2493 concentrations after administration of XXXX in continuous infusion].

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: We studied a @entity1 with @entity1625 using continuous EEG-correlated fMRI. @entity410 were characterized by head turning to the left and clonic jerking of the left arm, suggesting a @entity542 . Interictal EEG showed occasional runs of independent nonlateralized slow activity in the delta band with right frontocentral dominance and had no lateralizing value. Ictal scalp EEG had no lateralizing value. Ictal scalp EEG suggested right-sided central slow activity preceding some @entity410 . Structural 3-T MRI showed no abnormality. There was no clear @entity302 during simultaneous EEG-fMRI. We therefore modeled asymmetrical EEG delta activity at 1-3 Hz near frontocentral electrode positions. Significant blood @entity26 level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes in the right superior frontal gyrus correlated with @entity75 at 1-3 Hz but not at 4-7 Hz and with neither of the two frequency bands when derived from contralateral or posterior electrode positions, which served as controls. Motor fMRI activations with a finger-tapping paradigm were asymmetrical: they were more anterior for the left hand compared with the right and were near the aforementioned EEG-correlated signal changes. A right frontocentral perirolandic @entity410 onset was identified with a subdural grid recording, and electric stimulation of the adjacent contact produced motor responses in the left arm and after discharges. The fMRI localization of the left hand motor and the detected BOLD activation associated with modeled slow activity suggest a role for localization of the epileptogenic region with EEG-fMRI even in the absence of clear interictal discharges.

title: EEG-fMRI mapping of asymmetrical delta activity in a XXXX with @entity302 is concordant with the epileptogenic region determined by intracranial EEG.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['refractory focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right frontal oscillations']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['right frontal epileptogenic region']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform abnormality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7736 is a @entity281 caused by @entity8072 . @entity1 beings can be infected accidentally by an ingestion of the metacercariae; and the parasite exists almost persistently in the bile ducts, but rarely in other organs. We report an interesting case of @entity7736 in both the brain and the right eye of a school-aged @entity1 , which was associated with 2 unruptured @entity438 . To our knowledge, no case report such as this has been found in the medical literature. CASE DESCRIPTION: After an ingestion of Potamon denticulata (a fresh crab) for 4 months, a 10-year-old @entity1 presented with neurologic manifestations caused by 5 episodes of @entity932 and @entity1410 . The @entity1 simultaneously suffered repeated affliction in the right eye accompanied by @entity10 , @entity391 , ophthalmalgia, exophthalmos, and @entity2896 . Digital subtraction angiography revealed 2 unruptured @entity438 . The definitive diagnosis of this case had been confirmed by an observation of the parasite moving out of the @entity1 's swelling conjunctiva and by the results of the laboratory tests. The @entity1 was treated with @entity2039 and completely recovered. The 2 @entity439 were not surgically treated but underwent a long-term follow-up. The follow-up DSA revealed that one @entity439 disappeared but the other remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity932 and @entity1410 can be associated with @entity7736 in @entity7733 . An @entity281 occasionally caused by @entity8072 or other parasites can be indicated by a fever of unknown origin, @entity1712 , and iterative @entity932 . Ingestion of P denticulata may be an uncommon transmission route of @entity7736 . @entity7736 can be successfully treated.

title: @entity932 and @entity1410 associated with @entity7736 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages', 'Multiple brain hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity7733 :: ('MESH:D058494', 'Disease') :: ['brain and eyes']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial infection', 'parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['abducens nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica', 'F hepatica']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity7736 :: ('MESH:D005211', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic fascioliasis', 'fascioliasis', 'Fascioliasis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity7733 :: (MESH:D058494,Disease) :: ['brain and eye']


abstract: Intravesical chemotherapy has been well established as an effective therapy for recurrent superficial @entity150 . We investigated the role of flow cytometry as a predictor of @entity5 recurrence/progression after intravesical chemotherapy. Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA ploidy pattern was performed on 'cold cup' biopsy samples of 52 @entity1 with primary @entity150 . Cell suspensions, retrieved after mechanical fragmentation, were stained with @entity2667 and examined on FACScan flow cytometer. Clinical follow-up ranged from 3 to 57 months with a median of 20 months. Of the 52 @entity1 , 24 @entity5 were observed. The degree of ploidy in relation to histological grade showed an increasing frequency of aneuploid pattern in grades 2 and 3 but with no statistical significance. 17.8% of @entity5 versus 54.1% of @entity5 recurred (p less than 0.05). 12.5% of the @entity5 progressed. No progression among @entity5 was observed. Of the 52 @entity1 examined, 35 (16 aneuploid and 19 diploid) were treated, after TUR, with intravesical prophylactic therapy. @entity1259 in 24, @entity1138 in 4 and recombinant @entity4020 in 7 were used. 50% of @entity5 versus 10.5% of @entity5 recurred (p less than 0.05). Strong predictors of response to intravesical prophylaxis of recurrence were G1 grade and diploid DNA content.

title: Prediction of recurrence and progression in primary XXXX with DNA flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diploid tumors', 'aneuploid and 28 diploid tumors', 'aneuploid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['Epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['superficial bladder cancer', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha 2a']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['superficial bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of high-dose @entity1260 (HDI) at a total dose of 14 g/m2 per cycle with mesna in combination with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) in adult @entity1 with @entity242 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between July 1991 and February 1994, 74 @entity1 with @entity242 (37 bone and 37 soft tissue) were treated on two simultaneous phase II studies that evaluated HDI given as a continuous infusion over 74 hours. @entity1261 was started on day 5 at 5 microg/kg/d until recovery of granulocyte count. Additionally, between March 1993 and March 1994, 15 similar @entity1 with previously treated bone or soft tissue @entity242 were treated on a pilot study in which the same total dose of @entity1260 was administered by a bolus schedule, along with mesna and @entity1261 . @entity1 were treated until maximal response, and where possible, surgical resection of gross disease was performed. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 from the phase II study using continuous infusion are assessable for response. Four complete responses (CRs) and 17 partial responses (PRs) were noted, for an overall response rate of 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19% to 39%). The response rate was 40% (95% CI, 24% to 56%) for @entity79 and 19% (95% CI, 6% to 32%) for soft tissue @entity242 . Fourteen @entity1 from the pilot study that used a bolus schedule are assessable for response. One CR and seven PRs were noted, for an overall response rate of 57% (95% CI, 31% to 83%) and a response rate of 45% for soft tissue @entity242 . Two @entity1 developed grade 3 to 4 @entity8 , three developed grade 3 CNS @entity137 , one had possible grade 3 @entity1370 , and two developed severe @entity1897 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: HDI at 14 g/m2 with mesna and @entity1261 is an active salvage regimen for @entity1 with @entity242 . There is a definite positive dose-response curve, and bolus administration appears to be more active than continuous infusion.

title: High-dose XXXX in @entity242 : results of phase II and pilot studies--dose-response and schedule dependence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'bone and soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['painful peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: @entity1245 have a broad spectrum of clinical applications including sedation, anti- @entity148 , and anticonvulsive therapy. At the cellular level, @entity1245 are allosteric modulators of GABA(A) receptors; they increase the efficacy of inhibition in neuronal networks by prolonging the duration of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. This mechanism of action predicts that @entity1245 reduce the frequency of @entity14377 , consistent with observations from @entity1 and animal EEG. However, most of existing data are restricted to frequency bands below    30 Hz. Recent data suggest that faster cortical network rhythms are critically involved in several behavioral and cognitive tasks. We therefore analyzed @entity3175 effects on a large range of @entity6795 in freely moving @entity19 , including theta (4-12 Hz), gamma (40-100 Hz) and fast gamma (120-160 Hz) oscillations. We also investigated @entity3175 effects over the coupling between theta phase and the amplitude fast oscillations. We report that @entity3175 causes a @entity73 activity in all frequency domains. Oscillation power was changed differently for each frequency domain, with characteristic differences between active wakefulness, slow-wave sleep and REM sleep. Cross-frequency coupling strength, in contrast, was mostly unaffected by @entity3175 . Such state- and frequency-dependent actions of @entity1245 on @entity6795 may be relevant for their specific cognitive effects. They also underline the strong interaction between @entity2631 and global brain states.

title: @entity73 in XXXX neocortex by @entity3175 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity14377 :: ('MESH:C565433', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition-driven network oscillations']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['global slowing of oscillatory']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local network oscillations']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical network oscillations']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepines']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 40 of 51 consecutive @entity1 @entity96 samples (primary @entity157 , 16 of 18; metastatic, 23 of 29; benign, one of four). Functional and phenotypic characteristics of fresh and recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 )-expanded TIL were evaluated. The expansion of TIL from @entity99 in the presence of 1000 units/ml of @entity5041 was possible in 60% of cases. In comparison to TIL from metastatic @entity96 , TIL obtained from primary @entity96 expanded faster and better in @entity5041 cultures. Expanded TIL from @entity5 had significantly higher @entity137 against K562 targets, but not Raji targets, than those from @entity3 . @entity137 against fresh @entity5 targets was detected in seven of eight cultures tested. TIL from @entity5 retained antitumor reactivity significantly longer in culture. The optimal in vitro @entity137 was achieved between days 20 and 60 of culture in the presence of @entity5041 . Antitumor activity was associated with the increase in these TIL cultures of a cell population expressing the Leu19 antigen with or without the CD3 antigen. The frequency of the CD3+Leu19+ population showed a bimodal distribution during culture: the first peak of CD3+Leu19+ cells occurred between days 30 and 60 and was associated with the increased antitumor activity; the second peak occurred after day 60 and was not associated with activity. These findings demonstrate that TIL from most @entity1 @entity99 can be successfully isolated, cultured in @entity5041 , and enriched in Leu19+ effectors. In addition, these TIL upon @entity1199 activation in vitro are capable of lysing fresh autologous and/or allogeneic @entity5 targets.

title: Functional and phenotypic analysis of @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from XXXX primary and metastatic @entity96 and cultured in recombinant @entity1199 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern exists in literature about the clinical course, the best acute and chronic treatment and the prognosis of @entity956 . The aim of our study was to evaluate this in a population of our @entity1 with this type of @entity943 . METHODS: Six @entity1 (3 M, 3 F, mean age 42 +/- 62 days, range 1-150) affected with @entity956 without structural @entity299 were studied and then acutely and chronically treated. The effectiveness of chronic antiarrhythmic treatment was evaluated with Holter monitoring every 3 months for the first year of life and with transesophageal atrial pacing. RESULTS: Mean @entity943 cycle length was 180 +/- 34 ms with atrioventricular conduction ratio ranging between 1:1 and 3:1. Two @entity1 with clinical signs of @entity712 were successfully treated with DC shock. Transesophageal overdrive atrial pacing was successfully used in one @entity1 treated with i.v. @entity2779 without benefit. In the remaining three @entity1 , cardioversion was achieved with @entity2643 after digoxin had failed in all three and @entity2779 had failed in two of them. To prevent recurrences, we treated four @entity1 with @entity2643 , one with @entity2643 combined with @entity1169 and one with digoxin. During the follow-up (22 +/- 11 months), neither @entity943 recurrences nor side-effects of the therapy occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal @entity956 is an @entity943 with significant acute morbidity but an excellent long-term prognosis. Electrical cardioversion is the first-choice treatment when the @entity943 is not well-tolerated hemodynamically, while class III antiarrhythmic drugs such as @entity2643 should be preferred in the other cases.

title: Isolated neonatal XXXX : clinical features, prognosis and therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'idiopathic neonatal atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: PURPOSE: Subfascial division of incompetent perforating veins seems to be a successful treatment for @entity1 with @entity3179 (CEAP 6). For postoperative wound complications, endoscopic techniques are more common than open subfascial division of incompetent perforating veins (Linton procedure). We investigated the long-term results of @entity1066 and recurrence rates and compared them with preoperative and postoperative duplex findings. METHODS: @entity1 with venous @entity1066 on the medial side of the lower leg were randomly allocated to endoscopic exploration or open exploration by means of the modified Linton approach. @entity1066 and recurrence rates were documented. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 were randomly allocated to exploration, 19 @entity1 to open subfascial division of incompetent perforating veins (Linton group), and 20 @entity1 to subfascial endoscopic division of incompetent perforating veins (SEPS group). During the follow-up period, four @entity1 in the SEPS group died, all of causes other than the venous leg @entity1066 . Because of a @entity957 that had developed in the @entity3179 , one @entity1 in the SEPS group underwent a below-knee amputation. In a mean follow-up period of 50.6 months, the venous @entity1066 of all 18 @entity1 in the Linton group who were available for follow-up initially healed. The recurrence rate in this group was 22% (4 @entity1 ). In the SEPS group, the mean follow-up period for 19 @entity1 was 46.1 months, with the @entity1066 healing in 17 @entity1 and a recurrence rate of 12% (2 @entity1 ). The presence of deep @entity1211 (DVI) did not influence the recurrence rates (P =.044, Fisher exact test), but it significantly influenced the development of new incompetent perforating veins (3 of 10 without DVI; 7 of 10 with DVI; P =.011, binomial test). CONCLUSION: The long-term follow-up results of the endoscopic division of perforating veins are comparable with those of the open division of perforating veins (modified Linton procedure).

title: Endoscopic versus open subfascial division of incompetent perforating veins in the treatment of XXXX : long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'Ulcer healing', 'ulcer healing', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcer', 'venous leg ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous incompetence']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulceration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of routine clinic review in detecting relapse after treatment for @entity978 . DESIGN: Review of hospital records. SETTING: Regional centre for @entity5 treatment and research. SUBJECTS: 210 @entity1 with @entity978 recruited to a chemotherapy trial protocol between 1984 and the end of 1990 who had achieved a complete or partial remission after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of clinic visits made by @entity1 over the period of observation, the number of relapses occurring during that time, and the route by which relapse was detected. RESULTS: The 210 @entity1 generated 2512 outpatient reviews, and 37 relapses were detected. Thirty relapses (81%) were diagnosed in @entity1 who described symptoms, which in 15 cases had resulted in an earlier appointment being arranged. In only four cases (11%; 95% confidence interval 4% to 25%) was relapse detected as a result of routine physical examination on investigation of a @entity1 who did not have symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Relapse of @entity978 after treatment is usually detected as a result of the investigation of symptoms rather than by routine screening of asymptomatic @entity1 . It is therefore proposed that the frequency of routine follow up visits should be reduced and greater emphasis placed on @entity1 education. This should underline the importance of symptoms and encourage @entity1 to arrange an earlier appointment if these develop.

title: Follow up policy after treatment for XXXX : too many clinic visits and routine tests? A review of hospital records.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: The effect of age and sex on anaerobic glycolytic capacity in master @entity2587 is currently unclear. To study this issue, we determined blood @entity880 concentrations after competitive sprint running in male and female master @entity2587 of different age. Eighty-one @entity1 (40-88 yrs) and 75 @entity1 (35-87 yrs) participating in the sprint events (100-m, 200-m, 400-m) in the European Veterans Athletics Championships were studied. Blood samples were taken from the fingertip and analysed for peak @entity880 concentration ([La]bpeak). The [La]bpeak following 100-m to 400-m races showed a curvilinear decline (p < 0.001-0.05) with age in both @entity1 and @entity1 . However, the age related differences in the [La]b peak were not significant before 70 years of age. No significant sex related differences were found in [La]b peak for any sprint event. The [La]b peak correlated significantly (p < 0.001-0.05) with running times in all sprint distances except for the age-controlled correlation in @entity1 for the 100-m and 200-m. In conclusion, the present study showed age but not sex differences in blood @entity880 response to competitive sprint running in master @entity2587 . Although the [La]b peak level of the @entity2587 was considerably higher than that reported for untrained @entity1 and @entity1 , these cross-sectional findings suggest that anaerobic energy production from glycolysis declines in later years and may be a factor in the deterioration in sprint performance.

title: Age and sex differences in blood @entity880 response to sprint running in elite master XXXX .

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletes']


abstract: The literature on the association of @entity438 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) consists mainly of case reports and small series of @entity1 . To provide a more-detailed description of this association and its frequency, the records of all @entity8 @entity1 with saccular @entity438 , all @entity8 autopsy cases including brain examination, and sex- and age-matched autopsy cases without @entity8 seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1989 and of all Rochester residents with a diagnosis of @entity510 or @entity8 between 1945 and 1984 were reviewed. The presentation of the 41 @entity1 (22 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ; mean age, 46.4 yr) with this association was @entity510 in 33, transient @entity63 attacks in 2, incidental angiographic or autopsy finding in 5, and discovery during angiographic screening in 1. Thirty-one, seven, and three @entity1 harbored one, two, and three @entity439 , respectively, arising from the middle cerebral artery (N = 23), anterior communicating artery (N = 16), internal carotid artery (N = 11), and @entity5525 (N = 4). A family history of @entity438 , @entity510 , or @entity932 at an early age was present in 22% of the @entity1 . Small @entity439 (less than 5 mm) were less likely to have @entity397 or caused symptoms (P less than 0.04). There was a trend for @entity101 to be associated with the severity of the @entity510 . @entity1756 occurred before age 50 in 64% of @entity1 . Of the 89 @entity8 autopsy cases with brain examination, 22.5% had @entity438 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Saccular XXXX in @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral or basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysmal rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and variceal ligation are two popular endoscopic methods used to treat @entity548 . These two methods have not been compared with regard to @entity1208 after treatment. This is a prospective investigation of @entity4423 after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and variceal ligation. METHODS: Sequential changes of esophageal motility after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (n = 25) and variceal ligation (n = 25) were investigated in 50 cirrhotic @entity1 with recent variceal @entity548 . Another 22 cirrhotics without esophageal varices were included as controls. Radionuclide esophageal transit tests were performed before initial endoscopic treatment, @entity676 months after variceal eradication. RESULTS: The baseline esophageal transit time was longer in both the sclerotherapy (n = 25, 7.8 +/- 1.4 s) and ligation groups (n = 25, 8.2 +/- 1.8 s) than in controls (n = 22, 6.7 +/- 0.7 s, p < 0.005). The transit time was longer in @entity1 with large varices than in those with small varices (8.3 +/- 1.7 vs. 7.2 +/- 0.7 s, p < 0.05). In the sclerotherapy group, the transit time was prolonged 1 month after variceal eradication, compared with its pretreatment state (n = 20, 7.6 +/- 1.5 vs. 10.0 +/- 2.2 s, p < 0.0001) but was shortened at 3 months compared with 1 month after variceal eradication (n = 12, 10.7 +/- 1.5 vs. 8.6 +/- 2.2 s, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the number of treatment sessions required to eradicate varices was the only significant factor associated with prolonged transit time (p < 0.05). In the ligation group, the transit time changed little at 1 month or 3 months after variceal eradication. CONCLUSIONS: Impairment of esophageal motility can be significant with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy but is reversible. However, endoscopic variceal ligation exerts no significant impact on esophageal motility.

title: Sequential changes of esophageal motility after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy or variceal ligation for esophageal variceal XXXX : a scintigraphic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'esophageal variceal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysmotility']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: We retrospectively evaluated the characteristics and long-term prognosis of incidentally detected @entity1358 by health checkup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1987 to December 2005, 556 @entity1 were treated for @entity1358 in our department. Among them, 56 @entity1 were detected by abdominal ultrasonography in health checkup of our health care center. We reevaluated the pathological stage according to 2002 TNM classification and @entity5 type of @entity1358 according to 2004 World Health Organization histological classification. Survival analysis was determined by Kaplan-Meier's method and log-rank test. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 50 were male and 6 were female. The age of the @entity1 ranged 37 to 68 years old at diagnosis (median 54 years). The @entity5 were located in the right kidney in 22 @entity1 and in the left kidney in 34. Pathologically T1a @entity5 were found in 40 @entity1 (71%), T1b in 13 (23%), T2 in 2 (4%) and T3b in 1 @entity1 (2%). One case of T3b had N2 and M1 disease. The followup time after the operation ranged 3 to 215 months (median 121 months). Seven @entity1 died of @entity1358 . One of the 7 @entity1 in @entity66 died at 64 months, 4 in T1b at 47, 91, 119, 163 months, 1 in T2 at 39 months and 1 in T3b at 13 months, postoperatively. The cause specific 10-year survival rate was 97% for @entity66 and 57% for T1b (p < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: Most of @entity1358 were @entity66 , which were detected incidentally by health checkup. The cause specific survival rate was significantly higher for @entity66 than for T1b. Our data suggested that early detection was important for good prognosis. The abdominal ultrasonography was only method for detection in routine health checkup and should be broadly implemented.

title: [Long-term prognosis of XXXX --clinical analysis of @entity1358 detected by our health checkup].

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T1a disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['incidental renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity21160 ( @entity21160 ) is a rare @entity74 exhibiting both clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Although the @entity21160 phenotype is variable both between and within families, the syndrome is characterized by the hallmarks of developmental and learning difficulties, post-axial @entity5767 , @entity28 , hypogenitalism, @entity8 , @entity1105 , and several less frequently observed features. Eleven genes mutated in @entity21160 @entity1 have been identified, and more are expected to exist, since about 20-30% of all families cannot be explained by the known loci. To investigate the etiopathogenesis of @entity21160 , we created a @entity19 null for one of the @entity19 homologues, @entity56948 , to assess the contribution of one gene to the pleiotropic @entity19 Bbs phenotype. @entity56948 null @entity19 , although initially runted compared to their littermates, ultimately become @entity28 in a gender-dependent manner, females earlier and with more severity than males. Blood chemistry tests indicated abnormal lipid profiles, signs of @entity409 , and elevated insulin and @entity3237 levels reminiscent of @entity209 . As in @entity1 with @entity21160 , we found age-dependent @entity1105 . Behavioral assessment revealed that mutant @entity19 displayed more @entity148 -related responses and reduced social dominance. We noted the rare occurrence of @entity600 , including @entity601 and @entity10539 , in the null @entity19 . Evaluations of these null @entity19 have uncovered phenotypic features with age-dependent penetrance and variable expressivity, partially recapitulating the @entity1 @entity21160 phenotype.

title: Phenotypic characterization of XXXX null @entity19 reveals age-dependent penetrance and variable expressivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21160 :: ('MESH:D020788', 'Disease') :: ['Bardet-Biedl syndrome', 'BBS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactylia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['oligogenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10539 :: ('MESH:C538159', 'Disease') :: ['hydrometrocolpos']

answer: @entity56948 :: (102774(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Bbs4']


abstract: Flow cytometric DNA ploidy and sex @entity134 hormone receptor activity was measured in 55 @entity1204 . DNA ploidy was measured on paraffin-embedded specimens and ER and PR activity was measured using both biochemical and immunohistochemical assay. Association of these parameters was tested using logistic regression model. Diploid or near diploid DNA histogram was seen in 40 cases (72.7%). All Grade 1 @entity5 (n = 15) were diploid whereas 38.5% of Grade 2 (n = 27) and Grade 3 (n = 13) @entity5 were @entity2007 (grade 1 vs Grade 2 and 3, P = 0.0031). The mean value of ER was 109 +/- 120 (SD) fmol/mg protein for @entity5 and 48 +/- 50 fmol/mg protein for @entity5 (P = 0.0093). The corresponding values for PR were 226 +/- 262 fmol/mg protein and 75 +/- 102 fmol/mg protein (P = 0.0073), respectively. In immunohistochemical assay the mean HSCORE of ER was 45 +/- 77 for @entity5 and 27 +/- 48 for @entity5 (P = 0.43). The corresponding values for PR were 32 +/- 55 and 22 +/- 56, respectively (P = 0.58). In logistic regression analysis cytosolic PR content was associated with DNA ploidy.

title: Association of XXXX hormone receptor content and flow cytometric DNA ploidy in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diploid tumours', 'tumours', 'aneuploid tumours']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Conditioned medium from the @entity1 @entity5 cell line HBT 5637 possesses a unique hematopoietic activity, originally termed hemopoietin-1. Hemopoietin-1 alone does not stimulate bone marrow colony formation or proliferative responses in vitro, but rather potentiates responses to other hematopoietic growth factors, such as @entity9827 and @entity2304 . In studies designed to characterize the molecular nature of this factor, it was found by molecular, biochemical biological and serological criteria that all the hemopoietin-1 like activity could be attributed to @entity634 . The therapeutic potential of @entity5003 was then tested in a system where @entity1685 is @entity308 by whole body irradiation. After 750 R irradiation, @entity19 were administered @entity5003 twice daily for the duration of the experiment. @entity19 which received @entity5003 treatment had an accelerated recovery of marrow colony forming capacity which was also reflected by significantly higher blood neutrophil levels as compared to control irradiated @entity19 . @entity5003 treated irradiated @entity19 also had a significant increase in resistance to bacterial challenge 14 days post irradiation. Thus, @entity5003 treatment was effective in augmenting @entity1685 following sublethal whole body irradiation. The effects of the @entity5003 treatment on the recovery of lymphocyte numbers was also assessed. Here the @entity5003 treated irradiated @entity19 had fewer lymphocytes and @entity308 mitogen responses by spleen cells. Indeed the thymus of the @entity5003 treated irradiated @entity19 remained chronically hypoplastic for the duration of the experiment. Although @entity5003 treatment increased myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow, it caused a decrease in the frequency of pre-B cells. Thus, @entity5003 administration is an effective treatment for accelerating myeloid recovery following the cytoreductive effects of irradiation, but the myelopoietic augmentation may be at the expense of lymphoid recovery.

title: Interleukin-1 is identical to hemopoietin-1: studies on its therapeutic effects on XXXX and lymphopoiesis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1685 :: ('MESH:C563551', 'Disease') :: ['myelopoiesis']

answer: @entity1685 :: (MESH:C563551,Disease) :: ['myelopoiesis']


abstract: Female Sprague-Dawley derived @entity35 were received at 21 days of age and either sham-operated or adrenalectomized on that day. Half of the animals received either 25 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMS) or 0.9 saline at 9 AM on the next day; the other half were injected at 26 days of age. On the day of expected ovulation (days 24-25 and days 28-29) the @entity35 were killed at 4-hr intervals and the incidence of ovulation determined. Serum @entity1420 and @entity2819 were measured with the intent of comparing the pattern of these @entity230 with the timing and incidence of ovulation. Twenty-two-day-old @entity35 given PMS ovulated later (at 0400 on day 25) than did the 26-day-old @entity35 (at 2400 on day 28). Adrenalectomized ADRX @entity35 ovulated later than intact controls at both ages (ovulation complete at 1600 on days 25 and 29, respectively). There was a reduced ovarian weight response to PMS in ADRX @entity35 but uterine weights were not consistently different from intact PMS-treated @entity35 . Associated with the different timing of ovulation and organ weight response in the ADRX @entity35 there was a lower serum @entity1420 response on days 24-25. In intact PMS-treated @entity35 , the rhythm of the serum @entity2819 was different in the two age groups. It is concluded that adrenalectomy alters the normal response to PMS resulting in a delay in the time of ovulation. It is possible that the adrenal normally participates in the induction of ovulation after PMS, possibly by acting as an internal priming agent to facilitate gonadotrophin release in the young @entity35 .

title: Precocious puberty: the effect of adrenalectomy on PMS-induced ovulation and XXXX secretion.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Interspinous process segmental instrumentation (ISSI) was used in 34 @entity1 with @entity1635 due to severe @entity306 . Average age was 17 years, and average curve was 82 degrees. Anterior fusion was performed in 21 @entity1 before ISSI. Mean correction was 50.5%, and progression averaged 5 degrees at the 22-month follow-up. Posterior fusion alone gave good results in smaller curves. A brace was needed only for severe @entity717 . Gross functional level improved in fewer than one-third of @entity1 . Minor gains were made by 74%. ISSI is effective in severe @entity306 . It may be used alone in the smaller (less than 80 degrees), more supple curves.

title: Interspinous process segmental spinal instrumentation for @entity1635 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']