abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of reduction of @entity2690 resistance and @entity3190 associated with the @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) on FSH-stimulated ovarian aromatase activity. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Academic health center, Siena, Italy. @entity1 (S): Twenty @entity1 18 to 26 years of age in whom @entity3610 was diagnosed on the basis of @entity2589 or @entity2588 and @entity3610 . INTERVENTION(S): Recombinant FSH was administered. The next day, therapy with @entity2449 (500 mg t.i.d.) was begun. After 35 to 40 days of treatment, the pretreatment protocol was repeated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Plasma levels of @entity53 (E(2)), @entity2671 (A), and @entity251 (T). The ratios of basal levels and areas under the curve (AUCs) of products and substrates were compared before and after @entity2449 administration to detect differences in aromatase activity. RESULT(S): @entity2449 treatment was associated with significant reduction in basal free @entity251 plasma levels, @entity2690 plasma levels, and @entity2690 response to oral @entity413 tolerance testing. Administration of FSH was followed by a significantly lesser E(2) response after @entity2449 therapy than before this therapy. The ratios of AUC(E2) to AUC(A) and to AUC(T), indicative of aromatase activity in response to FSH, were significantly lower after @entity2449 therapy than before. CONCLUSION(S): @entity2449 therapy in @entity1 with @entity3610 is associated with a reduction in aromatase activity in response to FSH. @entity2690 affects production of both @entity342 and @entity172 . @entity2690 therefore plays a central role in regulating the activity of thecal and granulosa cells.

title: XXXX -lowering treatment reduces aromatase activity in response to follicle-stimulating hormone in @entity1 with @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'hyperandrogenemia', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that lung-volume reduction surgery for @entity2542 would improve body mass index, @entity1030 , @entity1353 , and exercise capacity (BODE) index, a multidimensional predictor of survival in @entity1030 . We also aimed to identify preoperative predictors of improvement in the BODE index. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study of @entity1 undergoing lung-volume reduction surgery at our center, with the methodology of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial, we compared clinical characteristics before and 1 year after surgery with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Changes in the BODE index were correlated with preoperative variables with the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 with predominantly @entity2542 underwent lung-volume reduction surgery (14 by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, 9 by median sternotomy). There were no postoperative or follow-up deaths. The BODE index improved from a median of 5 (interquartile range 4-5) before surgery to 3 (interquartile range 2-4) 1 year after surgery (P < .0001). Improvements were seen in the lung function and @entity1353 components of the BODE index. Lower preoperative 6-minute walk distance and lower postwalk Borg fatigue scores were each associated with greater improvement in the BODE index after 1 year. CONCLUSION: Lung-volume reduction surgery for @entity2542 improved the BODE index in @entity1 with predominantly @entity75 . Lower preoperative 6-minute walk distance correlated with greater improvement in the BODE index.

title: Lung-volume reduction surgery for @entity2542 : Improvement in body mass index, XXXX , @entity1353 , and exercise capacity index after 1 year.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['upper-lobe disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'airflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema', 'upper-lobe pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['airflow obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity1669 and @entity1374 in healthy individuals with no previously known @entity1374 , in an urban area of Mexico City. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: the study was conducted on volunteers with no known @entity1374 . We recruited 427 subjects among the hospital's medical and administration personnel. All underwent thyroid ultrasound (US) and TSH, free T4 (FT4), total T3 (TT3), thyroid anti-peroxidase (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies were measured. Hypoechogenicity and thyroid volume were determined by US. Urinary @entity1496 (UI) excretion was also measured. RESULTS: the frequency of @entity1669 was 8.4% (36/427) and @entity1 were most commonly affected than @entity1 (11.6 vs. 4.3% respectively, P = 0.008); when including cases of @entity1374 , the frequency increased to 15.7% (67/427). @entity1375 was detected in 1.2% (5/427) and it was sub-clinical in 5.6% of individuals. @entity5651 was present in 5.9% (25/427) of volunteers. Median UI was 267  g/L, (IQR 161.3 - 482.5). CONCLUSIONS: in spite of our study's limitations, the frequency of @entity1669 is clearly elevated in the studied population. Further studies are necessary in order to define the prevalence of @entity1669 as well as the current @entity1496 nutritional status in our country.

title: PREVALENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN HEALTHY ADULT MEXICANS WITH A SLIGHTLY EXCESSIVE XXXX INTAKE.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid dysfunction', 'atrophic thyroid']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['IODINE']


abstract: Synucleins are small prone to aggregate proteins associated with several @entity179 ( @entity179 ), however their role in @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is an emerging area of investigation. Using in vitro @entity130 model and in vivo @entity19 weight-drop model we have found that the injury causes alterations in the expression and localization of synucleins near the damaged area. Before injury, a-synuclein is diffused in the cytoplasm of neurons and y-synuclein is both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of oligodendrocytes. After the @entity130 of the mixed neuronal and glial culture, a-synuclein forms punctate structures in the cytoplasm of neurons and y-synuclein is almost completely localized to the nucleus of the oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, the amount of post-translationally modified Met(38)-oxidized y-synuclein is increased 3.8 fold 24h after the scratch. a- and y-synuclein containing cells increased in the initially cell free scratch zone up to 24h after the scratch. Intracellular expression and localization of synucleins are also changed in a @entity19 model of focal closed @entity542 , using a standardized weight drop device. y-Synuclein goes from diffuse to punctate staining in a piriform @entity550 , which may reflect the first steps in the formation of deposits/inclusions. Surprisingly, oxidized y-synuclein co-localizes with cofilin-actin rods in the thalamus, which are absent in all other regions of the brain. These structures reach their peak amounts 7days after injury. The changes in y-synuclein localization are accompanied by @entity99 in the morphology of both astrocytes and neurons.

title: Role of synucleins in XXXX - An experimental in vitro and in vivo study in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['cortex near the amygdala']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases', 'NDDs']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['injury-induced alterations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['scratch injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate microvascular perfusion in insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 at various locations on the foot, and to determine which part of the foot is most sensitive to microangiopathic changes. All the parameters of postocclusive reactive @entity450 calculated from multichannel laser Doppler recordings were also evaluated to find the most valuable measure for @entity6 examination. MATERIAL/METHODS: Our study involved 65 subjects divided into four subgroups: male and female controls, and male and female @entity1723 @entity1 without overt complications. The measurements were performed with a multichannel laser Doppler perfusion monitor using surface probes located in the distal parts of the lower limbs. The occlusion test was performed using a cuff located on the limb above the knee. Multivariate discriminatory analysis was used to evaluate the data. RESULTS: The most valuable data were obtained by recordings from the laser-Doppler probes located on the hallex and the base of the little toe. The maximum hyperemic response for both sex subgroups was significantly lower in the @entity6 @entity1 . The time to peak flow was higher in male diabetics. The half-time for @entity450 was significantly longer in the male @entity6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The females showed smaller changes in foot perfusion than the males, probably due to protection by @entity172 . The best locations for perfusion measurement are the most distal, especially the hallex and the base of the little toe. The most valuable parameters of postocclusive @entity450 were maximum response, time to peak flow, and half-time of @entity450 .

title: Microcirculation in the XXXX foot as measured by a multichannel laser Doppler instrument.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Through clinical observation, @entity4058 (greenbottle @entity238 ) larvae are credited with exerting the following beneficial effects upon a chronic nonhealing wound: removal of @entity39 tissue ('debridement'), disinfection of the wound and active promotion of granulation tissue formation. As a major cellular component of granulation tissue, fibroblasts play an extensive role in healing. The composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) located in the wound is another important factor, partaking in a dynamic feedback loop with the fibroblasts that produce it. Fibroblast-ECM interactions therefore exert considerable influence upon new tissue formation. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity4058 larval @entity3749 ( @entity3749 ) upon the behaviour of fibroblasts, seeded upon ECM component surfaces. METHODS: @entity3749 were collected by washing freshly hatched larvae in @entity1391 -buffered saline. @entity1 dermal neonatal fibroblast cells were seeded upon fibronectin- or collagen-coated surfaces, together with untreated (or 'native') @entity3749 , heat-treated @entity3749 , or no @entity3749 ( @entity3749 blank). Following incubation, fibroblast adhesion was determined using an @entity855 assay and, for confirmation, a total @entity9227 content assay. Cell spreading was observed using microscopy. The effect of @entity3749 upon fibronectin structure was observed using @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Peptide sequencing of suspected fibronectin fragments was performed using an 'electrospray' type time of flight mass spectrometer and 'Peptident' database search. RESULTS: @entity3749 significantly reduced fibroblast adhesion to both fibronectin and, to a lesser extent, collagen. Cell spreading was also reduced, yet cells remained viable. For both spreading and adhesion, heat-treated @entity3749 exerted significantly less activity than native, untreated @entity3749 . However, they still exhibited significant activity when compared with the @entity3749 blank. @entity3749 appeared to modify fibroblast adhesion indirectly via proteolytic fragmentation of the fibronectin protein surface. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4058 larval secretions modify fibroblast adhesion and spreading across ECM protein surfaces, while keeping cells viable. Proteolytic activity of the @entity3749 played a significant role. If transferred to the wound situation, such alteration of fibroblast-ECM interactions may enhance new tissue formation.

title: Maggots and wound healing: an investigation of the effects of secretions from XXXX larvae upon interactions between @entity1 dermal fibroblasts and extracellular matrix components.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity9227 :: ('CHEBI:33696', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3749 :: ('MESH:D007787', 'Disease') :: ['excretory/secretory products', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

entities_list: @entity4058 :: ('13632', 'Species') :: ['L. sericata', 'Lucilia sericata']

answer: @entity4058 :: (13632,Species) :: ['Lucilia sericata']


abstract: The histological detection of a @entity2617 ( @entity2617 ) and a sharp @entity5 border in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the larynx, pharynx or oral cavity is inversely correlated with the development of cervical lymph node @entity3 and is therefore a favorable prognostic factor. However, preoperative biopsies are often too small for an evaluation of these @entity5 features. Here, we examined retrospectively whether elevation of peritumoral density values as determined by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) correlates with @entity2617 and the presence of cervical lymph node @entity3 . A total of 40 @entity1 with primarily resected @entity957 were studied (pT1=8, pT2=13, pT3=9, pT4=10); 25 @entity1 were pN-positive. All @entity5 were histologically analyzed regarding @entity2617 (present or not) and the @entity5 border (sharp or infiltrating). Based on standardized CT examinations (90 ml contrast agent at 1.5 ml/s), repeated region-of-interest (ROI)-based peritumoral density measurements were obtained. Correlations between CT density, @entity2617 , @entity5 border and metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes were statistically evaluated. CT densities were significantly higher (P<0.001) in @entity1 with @entity2617 and sharp @entity5 borders than in @entity1 without @entity2617 and @entity1 with infiltrating @entity5 borders. Moreover, the presence of @entity2617 , sharp @entity5 borders and elevated peritumoral CT densities were each correlated with the absence of lymph node @entity3 (P<0.001). An elevation of peritumoral CT densities is linked to @entity2617 and sharp @entity5 borders on histology and a lower risk to develop lymph node @entity3 . For a @entity1 -adapted therapy, these relations have to be prospectively evaluated regarding their prognostic relevance.

title: CT determination of lymphocytic infiltration around head and neck XXXX may be a predictor of lymph node @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration', 'PLI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63346 ( @entity63346 ) is a @entity74 whereby @entity1 cannot convert @entity12680 ( @entity10226 ) to its oxidized form ( @entity6633 ), a process that requires the liver enzyme @entity51308 . Loss-of-function variants in the @entity51308 gene are a known cause of @entity63346 . In addition to the inability to metabolize @entity10226 precursors like @entity1877 , @entity1 often emit a characteristic odor because while @entity6633 is odorless, @entity10226 has a fishy smell. The Monell Chemical Senses Center is a research institute with a program to evaluate @entity1 with odor complaints for @entity63346 . METHODS: Here we evaluated ten subjects by (1) odor evaluation by a trained sensory panel, (2) analysis of their urine concentration of @entity10226 relative to @entity6633 before and after @entity1877 ingestion, and (3) whole exome sequencing as well as subsequent variant analysis of all ten samples to investigate the genetics of @entity63346 . RESULTS: While all subjects reported they often emitted a fish-like odor, none had this malodor during sensory evaluation. However, all were impaired in their ability to produce >90% @entity6633 / @entity10226 in their urine and thus met the criteria for @entity63346 . To probe for genetic causes, the exome of each subject was sequenced, and variants were filtered by genes with a known ( @entity51308 ) or expected effect on @entity10226 metabolism function (other oxidoreductases). We filtered the remaining variants by allele frequency and predicated functional effects. We identified one subject that had a rare loss-of-function @entity51308 variant and six with more common decreased-function variants. In other oxidoreductases genes, five subjects had four novel rare single- @entity4334 polymorphisms as well as one rare insertion/deletion. Novel in this context means no investigators have previously linked these variants to @entity63346 although they are in dbSNP. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, variants in genes other than @entity51308 may cause @entity63346 and the genetic variants identified here serve as a starting point for future studies of impaired @entity10226 metabolism.

title: Genetic analysis of impaired XXXX metabolism using whole exome sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity12680 :: ('MESH:C023336', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethylamine']

entities_list: @entity63346 :: ('MESH:C536561', 'Disease') :: ['Trimethylaminuria', 'TMAU']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity12680 :: (MESH:C023336,Chemical) :: ['trimethylamine']


abstract: METHODS: Induction chemotherapy, consisting of 3 courses of @entity900 (30 mg/m2/i.v. 1st and 2nd day), @entity1259 (30 mg/m2/i.v. 1st and 2nd day), @entity2879 (75 mg/m2/i.v. 1st and 2nd day) and @entity1732 (15 mg/i.v. 1st and 2nd day), prior to radical hysterectomy and lymph nodes resection, was used in the primary treatment of 34 consecutive @entity1 (pts) with @entity2622 : 8 stage Ib < 4 cm, 11 stage Ib > 4 cm, 13 stage IIa, 2 stage IIb. Median age was 55 years (range 32-75) and median Karnofsky performance status was 90% (range 70-100%). RESULTS: Among the 34 evaluable @entity1 (pts), the overall clinical response rate was 53%, which included a complete response in 9 pts (26.5%) and a partial response in 9 subjects (26.5%). Fifteen stable diseases and one progression were also observed. All the pts were operated on and no invasive @entity41 was found in the surgical specimens obtained from 6/9 clinical complete responders. Lymph-node @entity3 were found after chemotherapy in 16% (5/32) of the pts with stable disease. Eight pts presented disease recurrence, four had isolated pelvic recurrences, two had pelvic and distant failure, and two had isolated distant @entity3 . Until now, 9 pts have died. The most frequent toxic effects were: alopecia 100%, @entity1209 73% (25/34), @entity1431 65% (22/34). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the administration of induction chemotherapy prior to surgery is effective in reducing the @entity5 volume and results in tolerable @entity137 . However, the impact on survival is questionable and randomized trials for conventional treatment are needed.

title: Pilot study on induction chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity1259 , @entity2879 and @entity1732 in cervical @entity5 stage Ib, IIa and IIb.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea-vomiting']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low knowledge of and discrimination regarding @entity146 ( @entity146 ) may underpin lower access to mental health care by ethnic minority groups. AIMS: In Chinese-Australians, in relation to @entity161 and @entity308 , to assess (a) labels attached to @entity146 , (b) conceptual distinctiveness of @entity146 , (c) labelling accuracy against an Australian representative sample, (d) how syndrome variations may influence labelling, and (e) effects of exposure to @entity146 on labelling. METHOD: 418 subjects were asked to indicate the labels they would apply to vignettes of @entity308 and @entity161 and whether they were exposed to these disorders personally or socially. RESULTS: The sample was broadly representative of the Australian-Chinese community: 51% and 47% 'correctly' labelled the vignettes. @entity308 and @entity161 labels were consistently discriminated and clustered with different other labels. Labelling accuracy surpassed Australians'. Labelling did not vary substantially between syndromes. Exposure related to increased labelling accuracy for @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy in labelling major forms of @entity146 does not appear low in Chinese-Australians and seems higher than in the Australian community. @entity146 were discriminated although syndrome variations were not. Findings dispute that low mental health care access and uptake is due to low recognition and discrimination of @entity146 in Chinese-Australians.

title: Chinese-Australians' knowledge of @entity308 and XXXX in the context of their under-utilization of mental health care: an analysis of labelling.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'MDs']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity8586 ( @entity13216 ) is the most abundant neuropeptide in the central nervous system. In the hippocampal @entity1399 region, @entity13216 is co-localized with @entity1246 in a subset of interneurons that synapse on pyramidal cell somata and apical dendrites. @entity13216 -containing interneurons also uniquely express a high level of the cannabinoid receptor, @entity6510 , and mediate the retrograde signaling process called DSI. Reported effects of @entity13216 on inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (IPSPs) in hippocampus are inconsistent, and include both increases and decreases in activity. Hippocampal interneurons are very heterogeneous, and these results could be reconciled if @entity13216 affected different interneurons in different ways. To test this prediction, we used sharp microelectrode recordings from pyramidal cells with ionotropic @entity2227 receptors blocked, and investigated the effects of @entity13216 on pharmacologically distinct groups of IPSPs during long-term recordings. We find that @entity13216 , acting via the @entity30247 , increases some IPSPs and decreases others, and most significantly, that the affected IPSPs can be classified into two groups by their pharmacological properties. IPSPs that are increased by @entity5402 (CCh-sIPSPs), are depressed by @entity13216 , omega-conotoxin GVIA, and endocannabinoids. IPSPs that are enhanced by @entity13216 ( @entity13216 ) are blocked by omega-agatoxin @entity3480 , and are unaffected by @entity5402 or endocannabinoids. Interestingly, a @entity13216 (2) antagonist enhances CCh-sIPSPs, suggesting normally they may be partially suppressed by endogenous @entity13216 . In summary, our data are compatible with the hypothesis that @entity13216 has opposite actions on sIPSPs that originate from functionally distinct interneurons.

title: XXXX inhibits endocannabinoid-sensitive hippocampal IPSPs and stimulates others.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity8586 :: (MESH:D002766,Chemical) :: ['Cholecystokinin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1468 is a form of @entity101 disorder of pregnancy. It is a common cause of both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of early prediction of @entity101 disorders of pregnancy using single estimation of serum protein, @entity1011 and uric in serum samples of healthy primigravidae with singleton pregnancy. SETTING: University College Hospital, Ibadan. SUBJECTS: Fifty nine normortensive primigravidae. METHODS: Fifty nine healthy normotensive primigravidae with singleton pregnancy who booked for antenal care and delivered at the University College Hospital, Ibadan had single estimations of their serum @entity2313 , @entity1011 and @entity414 levels at booking before the 20th week of pregnancy. The @entity1 were followed up longitudinally throughout pregnancy. RESULTS: @entity1468 occurred in five of the @entity1 (21.7%), two had pregnancy induced @entity101 only (8.7%) while 16 remained normotensive (69.6%). The difference in the mean serum concentration of @entity414 (0.162 +/- 0.02 mmol/L) and @entity1011 (93.70 +/- 10.08 micromol/L) respectively were not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the difference in the mean serum @entity2313 levels (4.06 +/- 0.06 versus 3.71 +/- 0.33 gm/dl) was significantly higher in the @entity1468 group (p<0.05). The predictive performance of these tests was generally low whether alone or in combination. CONCLUSION: Single estimation of serum @entity414 and @entity1011 levels early in pregnancy are of little value in the prediction of @entity1468 . A large study is recommended to properly define the value of serum @entity2313 levels in pregnancy in the prediction of @entity1468 in the light of the findings of this study.

title: Serum @entity2313 , @entity1011 , XXXX and @entity101 disorders of pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Pre-eclampsia', 'pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1798 ( @entity1798 ) is key to spine biomechanics, and it is often involved in the cascade leading to @entity85 such as @entity2112 , especially during the growth spurt. Recent progress in elastography techniques allows access to non-invasive measurement of cervical @entity1798 in adults; the aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and reliability of shear wave elastography in healthy @entity1 lumbar @entity1798 . METHODS: Elastography measurements were performed in 31 healthy @entity1 (6-17 years old), in the annulus fibrosus and in the transverse plane of L5-S1 or L4-L5 @entity1798 . Reliability was determined by three experienced operators repeating measurements. RESULTS: Average shear wave speed in @entity1798 was 2.9        0.5 m/s; no significant correlations were observed with sex, age or body morphology. Intra-operator repeatability was 5.0 % while inter-operator reproducibility was 6.2 %. Intraclass correlation coefficient was higher than 0.9 for each operator. CONCLUSIONS: Feasibility and reliability of @entity1798 shear wave elastography were demonstrated. The measurement protocol is compatible with clinical routine and the results show the method's potential to give an insight into @entity85 . KEY POINTS:     @entity1798 mechanical properties are key to spine biomechanics     Feasibility of shear wave elastography in @entity1 lumbar disc was assessed     Measurement was fast and reliable     Elastography could represent a novel biomarker for spine pathologies.

title: Lumbar annulus fibrosus biomechanical characterization in healthy XXXX by ultrasound shear wave elastography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spine deformity progression and early detection']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['Intervertebral disc', 'IVD']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Bone wax is the substance which has been used for hemostasis in different surgical fields for up to one hundred years and historically used in our center to prevent sternal @entity548 and subsequent complications. Recently, reabsorbable gelatin powder has come into use. Up to now there are no clinical studies that compare these two substances. Between 1st January and 31st December 2004, 1249 subsequent @entity1 have been operated on for different cardiac surgical procedures in our center, of them 557 were enrolled in a randomized perspective monocentric study. They have been divided into two similar subgroups: one treated with @entity1707 gelatin plus @entity12895 (group one) and the other with bone wax (group two). The two hemostatic products have been applied just after the sternotomy and before the chest closing. Each @entity1 was evaluated for @entity548 , sternal infections and was followed-up for two months for bone and wound healing. @entity86 at the tenth hour was 315 ml+/-269 (mean+/-S.D.) in the first group and 395 ml+/-265 in the second (P<0.001). In the 10th-20th hour interval time @entity548 was 120 ml+/-74 and 205 ml+/-132, respectively (P<0.001). Total @entity548 was 415 ml+/-87 in group one and 580 ml+/-150 in group two (P<0.001). Chest reopening for @entity548 not due to surgical problems was carried out in 14 @entity1 (4.7%) (group one) and 19 (7.3%) (group two) (n.s.). Superficial sternal wound @entity281 occurred in two @entity1 (0.7%) in group one and three @entity1 (1.1%) in group two (n.s.). There were no deep sternal wound infections. Bleeding was significantly higher in @entity1 treated with bone wax compared to those with absorbable gelatin plus @entity12895 .

title: Use of gelatin powder added to XXXX versus bone wax in sternal wound hemostasis after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12895 :: ('MESH:C023808', 'Chemical') :: ['rifamycin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity12895 :: (MESH:C023808,Chemical) :: ['rifamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to evaluate the role of @entity3488 in the diagnosis of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) and its role in dual-cardiac marker diagnostic strategy with troponin. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was carried out from May 2012 to October 2012. SETTING: The study was conducted at the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) of a public hospital in a cluster of Hong Kong. METHODS: @entity1 aged at least 18 years presented with @entity662 to @entity341 who have intermediate or high likelihood of @entity1187 were included. All @entity1 had blood taken in the @entity341 for @entity3488 and troponin I. The adjudicated diagnoses of @entity1187 were made by 2 independent physicians based on the universal definition. Diagnostic characteristics were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created. Areas under the curves were compared for @entity3488 , troponin I, and dual-marker strategy with @entity3488 and troponin I. RESULTS: A total of 637 @entity1 were recruited. Seventy-eight had been diagnosed to be @entity1187 . The negative predictive value of @entity3488 for @entity1187 was 0.881 (0.849-0.907) compared with troponin I, 0.937 (0.913-0.956). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of @entity3488 , troponin I, and dual-marker strategy were 0.68, 0.859, and 0.880, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of @entity3488 to troponin does not have significant improvement of the diagnostic accuracy of @entity1187 in @entity1 presented with @entity662 .

title: Role of @entity3488 in dual-cardiac marker strategy for @entity1 with @entity662 presented to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: Is there a relationship between peri-ictal slow waves, @entity909 , memory, and slow-wave sleep, in @entity1 with different forms of @entity302 ? We hypothesize that mechanisms, which result in peri-ictal slow-wave activity as detected by the electroencephalogram, could negatively affect memory processes. Slow waves ( <=4   Hz) can be found in @entity410 with @entity1662 and also occur in focal @entity410 without @entity1662 but with inhibited access to memory functions. Peri-ictal slow waves are regarded as dysfunctional and are probably caused by mechanisms, which are essential to disturb the consolidation of memory entries in these @entity1 . This is in strong contrast to physiological slow-wave activity during deep sleep, which is thought to group memory-consolidating fast oscillatory activity. In @entity1 with @entity302 , slow waves may not only correlate with the peri-ictal clouding of consciousness, but could be the epiphenomenon of mechanisms, which interfere with normal brain function in a wider range. These mechanisms may have transient impacts on memory, such as temporary inhibition of memory systems, altered patterns of hippocampal-neocortical interactions during slow-wave sleep, or disturbed cross-frequency coupling of @entity73 . In addition, repeated @entity410 over the years in uncontrolled chronic @entity302 may cause a progressive @entity73 . This hypothesis can only be assessed in long-term prospective studies. These studies could disentangle the reversible short-term impacts of @entity410 , and the impacts of chronic uncontrolled @entity410 . @entity410 lead to irreversible @entity2414 . By contrast, short-term impacts do not necessarily lead to a progressive @entity73 but result in significantly @entity2414 performance.

title: Is There a Relation between EEG-Slow Waves and @entity2414 in XXXX ? A Critical Appraisal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'Chronic uncontrolled seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'slow and fast oscillations']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired peri-ictal memory', 'memory impairment']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) myocardial perfusion imaging has the potential to evolve into a method allowing full quantification of @entity296 ( @entity296 ) in clinical routine. Multiple quantification pathways have been proposed. However at present it remains unclear which algorithm is the most accurate. An isolated perfused, magnetic resonance (MR) compatible @entity1707 heart model allows very accurate titration of @entity296 and in combination with high-resolution assessment of fluorescently-labeled microspheres represents a near optimal platform for validation. We sought to investigate which algorithm is most suited to quantify myocardial perfusion by CMR at 1.5 and 3 Tesla using state of the art CMR perfusion techniques and quantification algorithms. METHODS: First-pass perfusion CMR was performed in an MR compatible blood perfused @entity1707 heart model. We acquired perfusion images at physiological flow ("rest"), reduced flow ("ischaemia") and during @entity859 -induced hyperaemia ("hyperaemia") as well as during @entity1563 . Perfusion CMR was performed at 1.5 Tesla (n   =   4 animals) and at 3 Tesla (n   =   4 animals). Fluorescently-labeled microspheres and externally controlled coronary blood flow served as reference standards for comparison of different quantification strategies, namely Fermi function deconvolution (Fermi), autoregressive moving average modelling (ARMA), exponential basis deconvolution (Exponential) and B-spline basis deconvolution (B-spline). RESULTS: All CMR derived @entity296 estimates significantly correlated with microsphere results. The best correlation was achieved with Fermi function deconvolution both at 1.5 Tesla (r   =   0.93, p   <   0.001) and at 3 Tesla (r   =   0.9, p   <   0.001). Fermi correlated significantly better with the microspheres than all other methods at 3 Tesla (p   <   0.002). B-spline performed worse than Fermi and Exponential at 1.5 Tesla and showed the weakest correlation to microspheres (r   =   0.74, p   <   0.001). All other comparisons were not significant. At 3 Tesla exponential deconvolution performed worst (r   =   0.49, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CMR derived quantitative blood flow estimates correlate with true @entity296 in a controlled animal model. Amongst the different techniques, Fermi function deconvolution was the most accurate technique at both field strengths. Perfusion CMR based on Fermi function deconvolution may therefore emerge as a useful clinical tool providing accurate quantitative blood flow assessment.

title: Quantitative assessment of magnetic resonance derived myocardial perfusion measurements using advanced techniques: microsphere validation in an explanted XXXX heart system.

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'myocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various adjuvant are being used with local anesthetics for prolongation of intra operative and postoperative @entity616 for lower limb surgeries. @entity6948 , the highly selective a2 adrenergic agonist is a new neuroaxial adjuvant gaining popularity. The aim of the present study was to compare the hemodynamic, sedative and analgesia potentiating effects of epidurally administered @entity6948 when combined with @entity1342 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in prospective, randomized double-blind manner in which 100 @entity1 of American Society of Anesthesiologist Grade I and II in the age group of 20-65 years of either sex under going lower limb surgeries were included after taking informed consent. The @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups of 50 each. Epidural anesthesia was given with 150 mg of 0.75% @entity1342 in Group A (n = 50) and 150 mg of 0.75% @entity1342 with @entity6948 (1  g/kg) in Group B (n = 50). Two groups were compared with respect to hemodynamic changes, block characteristics which included time to onset of analgesia at T10, maximum sensory analgesic level, time to maximum sensory and @entity616 , time to regression at S1 dermatome and time to the first dose of rescue analgesia for 24 h. At the end of study, data was compiled and analyzed statistically using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Student t-test. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant and P < 0.001 as highly significant. RESULTS: Significant difference was observed in relation to the duration of @entity616 (375.20    15.97 min in Group A and 535.18    19.85 min in Group B [P - 0.000]), duration of @entity616 (259.80    15.48 min in Group A and 385.92    17.71 min in Group B [P - 0.000]), duration of post-operative analgesia (312.64    16.21 min in Group A and 496.56    16.08 min in Group B [P < 0.001]) and consequently low doses of rescue analgesia in Group B (1.44    0.501) as compared to Group A (2.56    0.67). Sedation score was significantly more in Group B in the post-operative period. CONCLUSION: Epidural @entity6948 as an adjuvant to @entity1342 is associated with prolonged sensory and @entity616 , hemodynamic stability, prolonged postoperative analgesia and reduced demand for rescue analgesics when compared to plain @entity1342 .

title: Comparative evaluation of @entity1342 versus XXXX and @entity1342 in epidural anesthesia in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine', 'Ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['motor block', 'analgesia in epidural block', 'sensory block']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab, an angiogenesis inhibitor is used in regimens for metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ). A minority of @entity5 cells with characteristics of @entity5 stem cells (CSC) may be responsible for progression and development of chemotherapy resistance in this disease. @entity5439 is a well-known CSC marker and is associated with angiogenesis, poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between the @entity67237 and @entity67238 polymorphisms of the @entity5439 gene and the response, @entity137 , and overall survival of @entity1 with @entity14 on bevacizumab-based treatment. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 receiving bevacizumab, @entity2600 and @entity416 and 15 @entity1 receiving bevacizumab, @entity2600 and @entity1487 were included. Efficacy and @entity137 were evaluated. @entity984 mutation analysis and @entity67237 and @entity67238 polymorphisms genotyping in the @entity5 and peripheral blood respectively were performed with PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: No association between @entity984 mutated alleles and response was found. The @entity67237 CC genotype was associated with reduced @entity137 of treatments (p= 0.0017), and with lower overall survival on bevacizumab (p= 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The CC genotype of @entity67237 polymorphism in the @entity5439 gene can predict poorer overall survival in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 on bevacizumab which cannot be attributed to increased treatment @entity137 .

title: Association of XXXX polymorphisms and response to bevacizumab in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5439 :: (8842,Gene) :: ['CD133']


abstract: Veiled cells (VC) present in afferent lymph transport antigen from the periphery to the draining lymph nodes. Although VC in lymph form a heterogeneous population, some of the cells clearly belong on morphological grounds to the Langerhans cell (LC)/ dendritic cell (DC) series. Here we show that culturing monocytes for 24 hrs while avoiding plastic adherence ( @entity7502 tubes) and avoiding the activation of @entity1110 oxidase (blocking agents) results in the generation of a population of veiled accessory cells. The generated VC were actively moving cells like lymph-borne VC in vivo. The monocyte (mo)-derived VC population existed of @entity5750 (dim/-) and @entity5750 (brighT) cells. Of these the @entity5750 (dim/-) VC were as good in stimulating allogeneic T cell proliferation as immature DC (iDC) obtained after one week of adherent culture of monocytes in @entity2841 ( @entity2841 )/interleukin (IL)-4. This underscores the accessory cell function of the mo-derived @entity5750 (dim/-) VC. Although the @entity5750 (dim/-)VC had a modest expression of the DC-specific marker @entity8730 and were positive for S100, expression of the DC-specific markers @entity4896 , @entity9184 , DC-SIGN, and @entity5687 were absent. This indicates that the here generated @entity5750 (dim/-) VC can not be considered as classical LC/DC. It was also impossible to turn the @entity5750 (dim/-) mo-derived VC population into typical DC by culture for one week in @entity2841 / @entity3646 or @entity558 . In fact the cells died tinder such circumstances, gaining some macrophage characteristics before dying. The IL-12 production from mo-derived @entity5750 (dim/-) VC was lower, whereas the production of @entity688 was higher as compared to iDC. Consequently the T cells that were stimulated by these mo-derived VC produced less @entity379 as compared with T cells stimulated by iDC. Our data indicate that it is possible to rapidly generate a population of @entity5750 (dim/-) veiled accessory cells from monocytes. The marker pattern and cytokine production of these VC indicate that this population is not a classical DC population. The cells might earlier be related to the veiled macrophage-like cells also earlier described in afferent lymph.

title: Accessory cells with a veiled morphology and movement pattern generated from monocytes after avoidance of plastic adherence and of @entity1110 oxidase activation. A comparison with @entity2841 / XXXX -induced monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity7893 with absence of circulating B lymphocytes is a rare genetically transmitted @entity465 that appears in early childhood and affect mainly @entity1 . The clinical manifestations of the disease are rather heterogeneous. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) were diagnosed as suffering from @entity7893 with absence of circulating B lymphocytes, over a period of 6 years. Quantitation of immunoglobulins and search for circulating B lymphocytes were respectively performed by the Mancini method and immunofluorescence using T specific (anti-CD3, anti- @entity404 and anti- @entity405 ) and B (anti- @entity1075 ) monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: The disease started to manifest clinically at the mean age of 8.7 months (4-16 months). The mean age at diagnosis is 4 years (1-11 years). The clinical manifestations were essentially recurrent @entity281 of the lung and the gastrointestinal tract. However, @entity2348 was observed in 3 @entity1 . Severe complications such as an echovirus 27 @entity5422 and a @entity3619 (1 @entity1 ) and a @entity2396 (1 @entity1 ) were observed. All of our @entity1 lacked circulating B lymphocytes and had low or null immunoglobulin levels. Five @entity1 were treated by intravenous immunoglobulin (Ig) and 3 were treated by intramuscular immunoglobulin with a residual IgG level respectively of 5.5 g/l and 3.3 g/l. CONCLUSION: Recurrent @entity281 are the principal manifestation of the @entity7893 , early Ig treatment is the only therapy allowing improved.

title: [ XXXX with the absence of circulating B-lymphocytes. 9 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['Agammaglobulinemia', 'agammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

answer: @entity7893 :: (MESH:D000361,Disease) :: ['Agammaglobulinemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7364 is a functional disorder with variable clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and vocal characteristics of @entity1 with @entity7364 in a case series. METHODS: The study included 28 adult @entity1 with @entity7364 , evaluated at a University hospital in the last ten years. Assessed variables included gender, age, occupation, vocal symptoms, vocal characteristics, and videolaryngostroboscopic findings. RESULTS: 28 @entity1 (26 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) were assessed. Their occupations included: housekeeper (n=17), teacher (n=4), salesclerk (n=4), nurse (n=1), retired (n=1), and psychologist (n=1). Sudden symptom onset was reported by 16 @entity1 and progressive symptom onset was reported by 12; intermittent evolution was reported by 15; symptom duration longer than three months was reported by 21 @entity1 . Videolaryngostroboscopy showed only functional disorders; no @entity1 had structural lesions or changes in vocal fold mobility. @entity121 , and intermittent voicing were the most frequent vocal emission manifestation forms. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series of @entity1 with @entity7364 , the most frequent form of clinical presentation was conversion aphonia, followed by musculoskeletal tension and intermittent voicing. The clinical and vocal aspects of 28 @entity1 with @entity7364 , as well as the particularities of each case, are discussed.

title: XXXX : diversity of clinical and vocal manifestations in a case series.

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic dysphonia', 'Psychogenic dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Conversion aphonia, skeletal muscle tension']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['Psychogenic dysphonia']


abstract: Sinonasal @entity1179 (SNIPs) are derived from the @entity5 of the epithelial cells and have the potential to recur and exhibit malignant characteristics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of @entity1 with @entity5 . A total of 32 consecutive cases, who were @entity1 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from January 1991 to January 2008, were retrospectively reviewed. Survival rates and prognostic factors were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox model survival analysis. The @entity5 accounted for 8.99% of all types of SNIP. There were 25 males and seven females, and the median age of onset was 56.5 years. The sites of @entity5 included 22 in the nasal cavity and ethmoid sinuses, and 10 in the maxillary sinus. The @entity5 included 21 high-grade @entity5 , eight intermediate-grade @entity5 and three low-grade @entity5 . The number of @entity1 with T1, T2, T3 and T4 stage disease was three, 10, 16 and three, respectively, according to the American Joint Committee on @entity5 staging method. Based on the percentage of malignant cells in the entire @entity5 tissue, five @entity1 had grade I @entity5 , five had grade II, eight had grade III and14 had grade IV. Among the 32 @entity1 , three cases exhibited distant metastasis, and 19 @entity1 underwent surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy, 10 underwent surgery alone and three underwent radiotherapy alone. The 5-year survival rate was 72.5% and the median overall survival time was 62.2 months. Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis indicated that the clinical stage and treatment method were prognostic factors, and multivariate Cox model survival analysis confirmed that the clinical stage and treatment method were independent factors for overall survival (relative risk: 4.211 and 0.312, respectively; P<0.05 for both). T3 and T4 staging and mono-treatment were associated with poor @entity1 survival. Overall, the present study identified that the morbidity of SNIP-associated @entity5 was low, the clinicopathological features were not specific, and the prognosis was improved compared with other types of @entity957 . The clinical stage and treatment method were found to affect the prognosis, and surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy was the predominant form of treatment. The present study may improve the understanding of the prognosis for @entity1 with malignant SNIP in the future.

title: XXXX : A retrospective analysis of 32 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant transformation of SNIP', 'benign tumors', 'Cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papillomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['Malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma']


abstract: @entity19 lung adenomas have two characteristic histologic patterns, alveolar and bronchiolar or papillary. Differences in biologic behavior have been noted in @entity5 of different histologic form, in that @entity5 were said to grow faster and become larger and possibly malignant. Progressive development from the alveolar to the @entity5 has been proposed, involving a step-wise transformation from benign to @entity5 . The author recently presented evidence from ultrastructural studies that the different histologic patterns were related to the cell of origin; the @entity5 consisted of Clara cells, while the @entity5 were made up of @entity133 . In the present study, designed to evaluate the histologic patterns of @entity5 during their development, @entity652 were induced in fetal Bagg-Webster @entity19 on the sixteenth day of gestation by a single transplacental exposure to @entity330 . The animals were killed from the seventh postnatal day to 185 days of age; their @entity5 were counted and categorized histologically. Analysis of serial-step sections of the right lower lobes of young postnatal @entity19 showed @entity5 with either an alveolar (37%) or a bronchiolar pattern (63%). Two forms of the latter were recognized, tubular and papillary. Between Day 80 and Day 186 @entity652 increased, tubular @entity5 decreased, and @entity652 remained relatively constant in number. At the end of the 6-month observation period the overall proportion of @entity5 was similar to that found in the first 3 weeks of life. These data support the concept that alveolar and @entity5 arise from different cell lines, the @entity5 exclusively from Clara cells.

title: Histogenesis of the papillary Clara cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar tumors', 'alveolar and Clara cell tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'papillary tumors', 'bronchiolar tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['Type II alveolar epithelium']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lung adenomas', 'alveolar adenomas', 'papillary adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Low @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and high @entity1735 reliance at rest are associated with @entity1017 , but are highly variable in @entity28 individuals. This study determined the relationship of @entity1347 and adiposity hormones with @entity209 and @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) in overweight and @entity28 adults. METHODS: In 49 @entity1 (n   =   23) and premenopausal @entity1 (n   =   26) [mean        SD; age   =   35.0        8.9 years; body mass index (BMI)   =   33.6        5.2  kg  m(-2); percent body fat (%fat)   =   40.0        8.0%], @entity209 and @entity1576 were evaluated using indirect calorimetry. @entity1347 [fat mass (FM), percent fat (%fat), lean mass (LM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT)] were estimated using dual-energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry. Fasted blood and saliva samples were analyzed for insulin, leptin, @entity53 , and @entity701 . RESULTS: In @entity1 (M) and @entity1 (W), @entity209 significantly correlated (p   <   0.05) with FM (M: R   =   0.535; W: R   =   0.784) and LM (M: R   =   0.645; W: R   =   0.867). Of the segmental measures, trunk LM (M: R   =   0.593; W: R   =   0.879; p   <   0.05) and leg LM (M: R   =   0.664; W: R   =   0.821; p   <   0.05) had the strongest correlations with @entity209 . In @entity1 , but not @entity1 , @entity1576 significantly correlated with FM (R   =   0.449; p   =   0.032), trunk FM (R   =   0.501; p   =   0.015), and VAT (R   =   0.456; p   =   0.029). In @entity1 , @entity209 positively correlated with @entity701 (R   =   0.430, p   =   0.040) and @entity53 (R   =   0.649, p   =   0.001) and @entity1576 positively correlated with insulin (R   =   0.525, p   =   0.010). In @entity1 , @entity209 positively correlated with insulin (R   =   0.570, p   =   0.006), but @entity1576 was not significantly correlated with hormones (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Segmental evaluation of body composition, specifically in the lower extremities and abdomen, may be an effective and efficient way to evaluate metabolic status. Sex-specific evaluations are also imperative.

title: Influence of segmental body composition and adiposity hormones on XXXX and substrate utilization in overweight and @entity28 adults.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['total and segmental body composition', 'Total and segmental body composition']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory exchange ratio', 'RER']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['resting metabolic rate', 'RMR']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['resting metabolic rate']


abstract: This analysis investigated the extent of different outcome reductions from low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) lowering following @entity3709 / @entity3413 treatment and the proportionality of outcome to LDL-C reductions. The authors searched PubMed between 1997 and mid-June 2015 (any language) and the Cochrane Library to identify all randomized controlled trials comparing @entity3709 / @entity3413 with placebo or less intensive LDL-C lowering. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), standardized to 20 mg/dL LDL-C reduction, were calculated for 5 primary outcomes (fatal and nonfatal) and 4 secondary outcomes (non-cardiovascular [CV] death, @entity5 , @entity121 , and hepatopathy). Five @entity3709 / @entity3413 RCTs (30 051 individuals) were eligible, 2 comparing @entity3709 / @entity3413 vs placebo and 3 vs less intensive treatment. Outcomes reduced almost to the same extent were @entity64 (RR: -13%, 95% CI: -21% to -3%), @entity301 ( @entity301 ; RR: -12%, 95% CI: -19% to -5%), and composite of @entity64 and @entity301 (RR: -14%, 95% CI: -20% to -8%). Absolute risk reductions: 5 @entity64 , 10 @entity301 events, and 16 @entity64 and @entity301 events prevented for every 1000 @entity1 treated for 5 years. Residual risk was almost 7* higher than absolute risk reduction for all the above outcomes. All death outcomes were not reduced, and secondary outcomes did not differ between groups. Logarithmic risk ratios were not associated with LDL-C lowering. Our meta-analysis provides evidence that, in @entity1 with different @entity65 burden, major CV events are safely reduced by LDL-C lowering with @entity3709 / @entity3413 , while raising the hypothesis that the extent of LDL-C lowering might not be accompanied by @entity922 .

title: Effect of Low-Density Lipoprotein @entity165 Lowering by @entity3709 / XXXX on Outcome Incidence: Overview, Meta-Analyses, and Meta-Regression Analyses of Randomized Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['incremental clinical-event reduction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CV disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['Simvastatin']


abstract: Eight diseases are now known to be caused by an expansion mutation of the trinucleotide repeat CAG encoding @entity1160 . Each disease is caused by a CAG expansion in a different gene, and the genes bear no similarity to each other except for the presence of the repeat. Nonetheless, the essential feature of all of these disorders is @entity179 in a set of overlapping cortical and subcortical regions. Disease age of onset, and in some cases severity, is correlated with repeat length. These and other observations have led to the hypothesis that CAG expansion causes disease by a toxic gain-of-function of the encoded stretch of @entity2035 residues. Expansion-induced abnormalities of cytoskeletal function or neuronal signalling processes may contribute to the pathogenic process. In addition, theoretical and experimental analysis of the chemistry of uninterrupted stretches of @entity1160 residues suggest that @entity2035 -containing proteins or protein fragments may aggregate, via a "polar zipper", into beta pleated sheets. Recent findings have now established the presence of such aggregates in selected regions of brain from affected individuals, in @entity19 expressing expanded repeats, and in isolated cells transfected with expanded repeats. The aggregates are most prominently manifest as neuronal intranuclear inclusion bodies. As the investigation of the link between these inclusions and cell dysfunction and death continues, it is possible that new avenues for therapeutic intervention will emerge.

title: Pathogenesis of XXXX associated with expanded @entity1160 repeats: new answers, new questions.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity2035 :: ('MESH:C097188', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglutamine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']


abstract: DESCRIPTION: The American College of Physicians (ACP) developed this guideline to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations on the diagnosis of @entity27 in adults. METHODS: This guideline is based on published literature on this topic that was identified by using MEDLINE (1966 through May 2013), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Searches were limited to English-language publications. The clinical outcomes evaluated for this guideline included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal @entity65 , @entity64 , @entity101 , @entity164 2 @entity6 , postsurgical outcomes, and quality of life. Sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios were also assessed as outcomes of diagnostic tests. This guideline grades the evidence and recommendations by using ACP's clinical practice guidelines grading system. RECOMMENDATION 1: ACP recommends a sleep study for @entity1 with unexplained @entity25 . (Grade: weak recommendation, low-quality evidence). RECOMMENDATION 2: ACP recommends polysomnography for diagnostic testing in @entity1 suspected of @entity27 . ACP recommends portable sleep monitors in @entity1 without serious comorbidities as an alternative to polysomnography when polysomnography is not available for diagnostic testing. (Grade: weak recommendation, moderate-quality evidence).

title: XXXX in adults: a clinical practice guideline from theAmerican College of Physicians.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A case of @entity2102 complicated by @entity409 in the 36th week of pregnancy. DESIGNS: A case report. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, FN Olomouc. CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of 31 years old female @entity1 who came to the hospital at 36th week of pregnancy with @entity158 lasting about 14 days. The problems became worse in the last 10 hours. At admission, the @entity1 was pale with repeatedly unmeasurable blood pressure, and she had lower limbs @entity4 . There was performed the caesarian section, during the operation the @entity409 was found. Both, @entity1 and her baby, was saved thanks to the concerted interdisciplinary team work. CONCLUSION: One of the most serious complications of @entity2102 is @entity409 . It occurs in 3.8% of @entity2102 cases. The solution of this complication is to perform an acute operation. The operation is based on liver suture with application of deep mattress suture, applying hemostatic materials, liver compression by Mikulicz  s tamponade or ligation of liver artery. There is also possibility to use omentoplasty. If there is necessity of liver resection for @entity39 focus, the @entity3503 coagulative laser is used preferably.

title: [ @entity2102 complicated by XXXX - case report].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver rupture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver rupture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Individuals with @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) frequently have intractable @entity302 . To gain insights into mechanisms of epileptogenesis in @entity2916 , we previously developed a @entity19 model of @entity2916 with conditional inactivation of the @entity13408 gene in glia ( @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 ). These @entity19 develop progressive @entity410 , suggesting that @entity66 may be involved in epileptogenesis in @entity2916 . Here, we investigated the hypothesis that impairment of @entity972 uptake through astrocyte inward rectifier @entity972 (Kir) channels may contribute to epileptogenesis in @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 . METHODS: Kir channel function and expression were examined in cultured @entity13408 -deficient astrocytes. Kir mRNA expression was analyzed in astrocytes microdissected from neocortical sections of @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 . Physiological assays of astrocyte Kir currents and susceptibility to @entity302 induced by increased extracellular @entity972 were further studied in situ in hippocampal slices. RESULTS: Cultured @entity13408 -deficient astrocytes exhibited reduced Kir currents and decreased expression of specific Kir channel protein subunits, @entity2303 and @entity62063 . mRNA expression of the same Kir subunits also was reduced in astrocytes from neocortex of @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 . By using pharmacologic modulators of signalling pathways implicated in @entity2916 , we showed that the impairment in Kir channel function was not affected by @entity3446 inhibition of the @entity3470 /S6K pathway, but was reversed by decreasing @entity17068 activity with @entity9363 or @entity1968 . Last, hippocampal slices from @entity13408 ( @entity9327 )CKO @entity19 exhibited decreased astrocytic Kir currents, as well as increased susceptibility to @entity972 -induced @entity302 . CONCLUSIONS: Impaired extracellular @entity972 uptake by astrocytes through Kir channels may contribute to @entity528 and epileptogenesis in a @entity19 model of @entity2916 .

title: Epileptogenesis and reduced inward rectifier @entity972 current in XXXX astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity9363 :: ('MESH:C104586', 'Chemical') :: ['roscovitine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal hyperexcitability']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex-1-deficient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As treatment based genetic testing becomes a reality, it is important to assess the attitudes and preferences of @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity43 regarding genetic testing. The objective of this study was to determine when @entity1 with a diagnosis of high grade serous @entity43 would prefer to undergo genetic testing and factors that influence this preference. METHODS: @entity1 over 18years of age with a known diagnosis of high grade serous @entity43 diagnosed between October 2010-2013 were identified via the Princess Margaret Cancer Center Registry. @entity1 completed a questionnaire, which obtained preferences and attitudes towards genetic testing, @entity5 history, and demographic information. RESULTS: 120 of the 355 @entity1 identified (33.8%) completed the questionnaires. The median age at time of @entity43 diagnosis was 57years (range 35-84). The majority of @entity1 in this study were offered (94.6%) and pursued (84.8%) genetic testing. In this cohort, testing was most frequently offered at diagnosis (41.8%) or during treatment (19.1%). In this study, @entity1 with high grade serous @entity43 felt that genetic testing should be offered before or at the time of diagnosis (67.8%). Having a family history of @entity5344 was significantly (p=0.012) associated with preferring genetic testing at an earlier time point in the disease course. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that @entity1 with high grade serous @entity43 acknowledge the personal and clinical utility of genetic testing and support test implementation at the time of @entity5 diagnosis.

title: The sooner the better: Genetic testing following XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast or ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophages importantly contribute to sepsis-induced @entity651 . As their impact on @entity651 of @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) remains unclear, we assessed @entity358 and HPV by macrophage inhibition via @entity2545 (GC) pre-treatment in @entity35 with @entity298 (cecal ligation and puncture [CLP]). METHODS: The following four study groups were made: Group I: SHAM and group II: SHAM + GC (pre-treatment with @entity4202 0.9% or GC 14  mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intravenously 24  hours prior to sham laparotomy); group III: CLP and group IV: CLP + GC (pre-treatment with @entity4202 0.9% or GC 14  mg/kg b.w. 24  hours prior to induction of @entity298 ). Exhaled @entity842 (exNO), @entity1812 -induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (=surrogate marker of @entity409 ) and HPV were investigated in isolated and perfused lungs (n = 40). Using the same protocol wet to dry lung weight ratio and @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity were investigated in separate @entity35 (n = 28). In additional @entity35 (n = 12) of groups III and IV @entity3542 levels in alveolar macrophages (AM) were measured. RESULTS: In sepsis, GC pre-treatment significantly attenuated exNO levels, AM-derived @entity3542 levels, lung @entity1589 activity, and restored blunted HPV, but severely enhanced @entity409 in healthy and septic animals. CONCLUSION: Macrophages exhibit a controversial role in sepsis-induced @entity651 . The GC-induced @entity32 parameters to sham levels is clearly limited by the negative impact on CLP-induced endothelial injury in this setting. The exact link between the GC-associated modulation of the NO pathway demonstrated and @entity651 needs to be determined in future studies.

title: @entity2545 modulates @entity1812 -induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and XXXX pulmonary vasoconstriction during polymicrobial abdominal sepsis in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['restoration of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary endothelial injury and dysregulation', 'septic lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1040 Background: Although @entity1600 biopsy (SLNB) is a common procedure in treatment of early stage @entity0 , @entity1600 examination protocols have not been standardized. OSNA assay is a semi-automated lymph node examination method using molecular biological technique and has been valued as a tool for the intraoperative @entity1600 examination with potential for standardization. Also, OSNA assay is quite unique in providing semi-quantitative result (++/+) reflecting volume of metastatic foci by measuring the amount of @entity4166 mRNA in a lymph node. This study evaluated clinical utility of OSNA assay in the clinical setting at 10 institutes in Japan. METHODS: 415 clinically node negative @entity0 @entity1 scheduled for SLNB were enrolled. Each surgically-obtained @entity1600 was applied to both postoperative pathological examination and OSNA assay; a central slice of each @entity1600 with 1 mm thickness was applied to pathological examination for one section H_E staining, and the residual portion was applied to OSNA assay. For @entity1 who received axillary dissection (ALND), non- @entity1600 status was examined by routine method at each site. RESULTS: OSNA showed significantly high number of positive @entity1 over pathological examination (94 @entity1 by OSNA assay vs. 67 @entity1 by pathological examination). Among 35 @entity1 who were judged as @entity1600 positive only by OSNA assay, 32 @entity1 received ALND and 6 (18.8%) of these @entity1 had @entity3 in non- @entity1600 . Among those who received ALND, 50 @entity1 showed OSNA ++ and 34 @entity1 OSNA +, with @entity3 in non- @entity1600 in 22 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 respectively. Positive predictive value of OSNA ++ for non- @entity1600 @entity3 (22/50 = 44.0%) was significantly higher than that of OSNA + (6/34 = 17.6%) (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that OSNA assay can be more sensitive for detection of @entity1600 @entity3 than pathological examination using one section H_E staining and semi-quantitative result of OSNA (++/+) defined by the amount of @entity4166 mRNA can be a strong predictive factor of additional non- @entity1600 involvement.

title: Multi-institutional evaluation of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) examination by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay in XXXX : Performance of @entity3 detection and prediction of additional non- @entity1600 (non- @entity1600 ) involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of brain ventricular wall movement assessment with a gated cine trueFISP MR sequence for the diagnosis of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) patency. Sixteen healthy volunteers and ten consecutive @entity1 with noncommunicating @entity1276 were explored with a MR scanner (Siemens, Avanto 1.5 T) before, 1 week and 3 months after ETV. TrueFISP was evaluated qualitatively (ventricular wall movement and CSF flow through ETV) and quantitatively [distance moved (DMLT) during a cardiac cycle by the lamina terminalis]. The third ventricle volume ( @entity9300 ) was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. There was no motion of the lamina terminalis (LT) detected on preoperative data. A pulsatile motion of the LT was found for @entity1 with a patent ETV and for controls. DMLT and @entity9300 were correlated (r = 0.79, P = 0.006). A transient dysfunction of ETV was successfully diagnosed on the trueFISP sequence with no motion of the LT or CSF flow observed. The trueFISP sequence appears reliable for the diagnosis of ETV patency and provides non-invasive assessment of the movement of the ventricular wall related to CSF pressure changes.

title: Brain ventricular wall movement assessed by a gated cine MR trueFISP sequence in XXXX treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic @entity32 and oxidative stress are crucial in mediating blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity loss during @entity295 . Simvastatin possess potent anti- @entity32 and antioxidation capacity. We sought to elucidate whether an acute bolus of simvastatin could mitigate BBB integrity loss in a rodent model of polymicrobial @entity295 . METHODS: A total of 96 adult male @entity35 (200-250  g) were randomized to receive cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP plus simvastatin, sham operation, or sham operation plus simvastatin (n  =  24 in each group). After maintaining for 24  h, BBB integrity in the surviving @entity35 was determined. RESULTS: CLP significantly induced BBB integrity loss, as grading of Evans blue staining of the brains, BBB permeability to @entity5934 , and @entity2657 levels in @entity35 receiving CLP were significantly higher than those receiving sham operation. In contrast, grading of Evans blue staining (P  =  0.020), BBB permeability to @entity5934 (P  =  0.031), and @entity2657 levels (P  =  0.009) in @entity35 receiving CLP plus simvastatin were significantly lower than those receiving CLP alone. Tight junction proteins @entity9097 and @entity22677 in endothelial cells are major structural components of BBB. Our data revealed that concentrations of @entity9097 and @entity22677 in @entity35 receiving CLP were significantly lower than those receiving CLP plus simvastatin (P  =  0.010 and 0.007). Immunohistochemistry further revealed significant fragmentation of @entity9097 and @entity22677 in @entity35 receiving CLP. Moreover, levels of @entity9097 and @entity22677 fragmentation in @entity35 receiving CLP plus simvastatin were significantly lower than those receiving CLP. CONCLUSIONS: Simvastatin mitigates BBB integrity loss in a rodent model of polymicrobial @entity295 .

title: Simvastatin attenuates XXXX -induced blood-brain barrier integrity loss.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans blue dye']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: We have recently reported that a variety of solid @entity1 @entity5 cells express high-affinity @entity3646 receptors ( @entity9597 ). In this study, we have compared structural characteristics of @entity9597 expressed on @entity1 @entity1358 cells ( @entity3297 ) and the lymphoid cell lines RAJI (B-cell line) and H9 (T-cell line). In crosslinking studies, the three cell types expressed a predominant 140 kDa @entity9597 band. In addition, a 70 kDa band was expressed strongly in H9 cells but only faintly on @entity3297 and RAJI cells. These different species of @entity9597 were not observed when crosslinking studies were performed in the presence of excess @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ), indicating @entity3646 specificity. A polyclonal anti- @entity9597 antibody immunoprecipitated the two species (140 and 70 kDa) in H9 and predominantly the 140 kDa species in @entity5 cells and RAJI cells. A faint band for the 70 kDa protein was also observed. The affinity of @entity3646 binding to its receptor in @entity3297 cells was similar to the binding affinity observed in H9 and RAJI cells examined. However, the @entity5 cells and B lymphoid cells internalized @entity9597 more rapidly compared to T lymphoid cells. Although @entity9597 synthesis was similarly inhibited by @entity1880 in all three cell lines, @entity9597 expression was more sensitive to @entity4316 inhibition on the @entity3297 and RAJI cells than on H9 cells. Our results suggest that @entity9597 expressed on @entity5 cells are structurally different from those expressed on lymphoid cells because the proportions of @entity9597 subunits differ in these cells. Further studies should be performed to determine the identity and functional significance of @entity9597 proteins expressed on @entity1358 and immune cells.

title: Characterization of XXXX receptors expressed on @entity1 @entity1358 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['RCC-WS tumor', 'tumor', 'RCC tumor']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between portal venous (PV) velocity and degree of @entity409 in @entity1 after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Between July 1997 and September 2002, a total of 15 adult-to-adult LDLTs with right-lobe grafts were performed, and 13 of these @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Postoperative PV dynamics differed according to the primary @entity409 ; therefore, @entity1 were divided into two groups: a @entity879 ( @entity879 ) group (n = 4) and a @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ) group (n = 9). Right-lobe donors (n = 13; D group) were used as controls. Doppler ultrasound was used to measured changes in PV velocity preoperatively; postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28; and 3 months after LDLT. To assess hepatic regeneration, the increase in liver volume ratio (postoperative liver volume to standard liver volume [SLV]) was measured. PV velocity after LDLT in the @entity1575 group increased sharply until POD 7, whereas those in the @entity879 and D groups were constant. In the first 3 months after LDLT, mean PV velocity was greater in the @entity1575 group than the other groups, reflecting the persistent hyperdynamic state in chronic @entity3851 . @entity409 also was more rapid in the @entity1575 group than the @entity879 and D groups and reached 100% as early as 2 weeks posttransplantation, whereas both the @entity879 and D livers reached approximately 80% of SLV at 3 months. PV velocity POD 7 correlated significantly with regeneration of the partial-liver allograft at 1 month (r = 0.84; P =.0091). In conclusion, the PV persistent hyperdynamic state in the @entity1575 group could directly trigger early @entity409 in partial-liver allografts after LDLT.

title: Relationship between portal venous flow and @entity409 in XXXX after living donor right-lobe liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure', 'FHF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver regeneration', 'liver regeneration', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['LC', 'liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the feasibility of an interleaved gradient-echo, echo-planar imaging (iGE-EPI) sequence for multiplanar magnetic resonance temperature imaging (MRTI) to monitor intracerebral thermal treatment three-dimensionally using multielement ultrasound applicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity63214 ( @entity63214 ) fragments were injected into the right cerebral hemisphere of five @entity235 . Guided by MRI, an interstitial ultrasound applicator was inserted into the @entity5 or normal brain tissue. The iGE-EPI sequence was used to estimate temperature changes by computing the complex phase-difference induced by temperature-dependent shifts in the proton resonance frequency of water. The thermal dose maps were updated every 6-8 seconds for five to seven image planes during treatment. The results of MRTI were compared with those of post-treatment MRI and histologic analysis. RESULTS: The multiplanar MRTI monitored temperature and thermal dose distributions in @entity5 and normal brain tissue over the entire user-defined treatment volume. The ultrasound applicators produced contiguous areas of @entity39 , resulting in 1.5-4.0 cm(3) volumes of tissue @entity39 . MRTI-based assessments of thermal-dose distributions were consistent with the results of post-treatment MRI and histologic analysis. CONCLUSION: Multiplanar MRTI is feasible for measuring necrosing thermal doses during intracerebral thermal delivery by interstitial ultrasound applicators.

title: Multiplanar MR temperature-sensitive imaging of cerebral thermal treatment using interstitial ultrasound applicators in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity63214 :: ('MESH:D014685', 'Disease') :: ['Transmissible venereal tumor', 'TVT']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulative necrosis', 'necrosis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Appropriate diagnosis and therapy of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) frequently require information about both the functional and morphological status of the coronary artery tree. We hypothesized that the combination of multislice spiral CT (MDCT) angiography and myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPI) provides accurate allocation of @entity154 ( @entity154 ) to their determining coronary lesion. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (14 male, mean age 64+/-9.2 years) with known @entity453 were retrospectively studied. Gated MPI, CT angiography using a 16-detector CT scanner, and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) were performed in each @entity1 . Reversible and fixed @entity154 were subsequently allocated to their determining lesion separately by different observers for MDCT angiography and @entity301 . RESULTS: All @entity1 showed significant @entity453 in @entity301 ; six @entity1 with one-, six with two-, six with three-, and two with four-vessel disease; three @entity1 had bypass grafts; and five @entity1 had prior @entity583 . Correct diagnosis of @entity453 was stated in 14 of 20 @entity1 by MDCT angiography. Five reversible and five fixed @entity154 were detected in 9 of 20 @entity1 ; one @entity1 showed both reversible and fixed @entity154 . Five of five reversible @entity154 could be allocated to appropriate @entity3979 in @entity301 . In MDCT angiography, five of five reversible @entity154 were allocated to the same lesions; all lesions were rated as >/=50%. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of the present study show high accuracy for multislice spiral CT angiography to allocate reversible @entity154 in @entity296 to their determining coronary artery lesions in a small @entity1 collective with known @entity453 .

title: Combined functional and morphological imaging consisting of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT and 16-detector multislice spiral CT angiography in the noninvasive evaluation of XXXX : first experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'perfusion defects']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CCA', 'conventional coronary angiography']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the distribution and clinical as well as treatment outcome characteristics of @entity32 with the aim of delineating a more systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity32 treated at one institution. RESULTS: Ninety eyes in 65 @entity1 (22 @entity1 and 43 @entity1 ) were studied. Diagnoses were @entity4578 (n = 21), @entity5442 (n = 19), concurrent @entity4578 and @entity5442 (n = 5), @entity2694 (n = 6), and idiopathic @entity32 involving the preseptal region, supraorbital region, sclera, Tenon capsule, orbital fat, or optic nerve (n = 14). The mean age at presentation was 45 years. @entity158 and periorbital swelling were the most common clinical features and were observed in 45 (69%) and 49 (75%) @entity1 , respectively. Seventeen @entity1 (26%) had bilateral involvement. Biopsy was performed in 19 @entity1 (29%) with atypical presentations or who failed to respond to the initial therapy. @entity1 were treated with @entity230 alone (n = 45), @entity230 and subsequent radiation therapy (n = 8), @entity230 and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (n = 6), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents alone in mild cases (n = 2), and, rarely, radiation therapy without @entity230 (n = 1) or surgical debulking alone (n = 1). Of 65 @entity1 , 41 (63%) represented treatment successes, with complete symptom relief at the time of the last follow-up, and 24 (37%) represented treatment failures, with partial or no relief of symptoms. Treatment failures were often characterized by recurrence of @entity32 after a period of quiescence (58%) and unremitting, recalcitrant @entity32 (38%); 1 @entity1 ultimately required an exenteration. CONCLUSION: Systemic @entity479 with a slow taper has been the established first-line treatment for @entity32 , but refractory cases accounted for a significant portion of treatment failures in our study, reflecting the need for a more systematic approach to the study of this multifaceted disease and for therapeutic alternatives to systemic @entity230 .

title: XXXX : distribution, clinical features, and treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'idiopathic orbital inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['myositis', 'isolated myositis']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital apex syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['dacryoadenitis', 'isolated dacryoadenitis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic orbital inflammation']


abstract: @entity620 ( @entity620 , @entity5066 ) is an antioxidant that acts as a free radical scavenger and cofactor for several important enzymatic reactions, thus being important for normal cellular functions, growth and development. Accumulation of @entity5066 in cells depends on two types of @entity1372 -dependent @entity620 transporters (SVCTs), designed as SVCT1 and SVCT2. In @entity1 , they are the products of @entity55681 and @entity19788 genes, respectively. In the present work, the molecular cloning of the cDNAs corresponding to @entity55681 and @entity19788 in a teleost fish, the @entity16988 ( @entity16988 ) is first described. Sequence analysis of the predicted polypeptides revealed a conserved topology with those of mammals with important motifs involved in structure and function, being also present in svct1 and svct2. Phylogenetic analyses including a range of vertebrate SVCTs suggest that both transporters are the result of an ancient gene duplication event that occurred prior to the divergence of tetrapods and teleosts, which took place 450 million years ago. Expression profiles in juvenile tissues and during larval development were analyzed using a real-time PCR approach. In juvenile fish, @entity55681 was strongly expressed in intestine, whereas @entity19788 exhibited a widespread distribution in tissues. Transcripts of both genes were detected at early developmental stages, probably representing mRNAs of maternal origin. A possible regulation by their own substrate was detected after first uptakes of @entity5066 from diet in both genes. During metamorphosis, both @entity55681 and @entity19788 were down-regulated, the former in a thyroid hormone (TH) dependent way. This pattern coincided with a significant reduction in the @entity5066 content of larvae during metamorphosis. These results are interpreted in a physiological context of general reduction in the metabolism of metamorphic larvae. Data presented here provide the first step toward a better understanding of the physiological role of SVCTs in teleost fish.

title: Molecular characterization and transcriptional regulation of the @entity1372 -dependent @entity620 transporter genes ( XXXX and @entity19788 ) in a teleost fish, the @entity16988 ( @entity16988 ).

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C', 'ascorbic acid', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity16988 :: ('28829', 'Species') :: ['Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858', 'Senegalese sole']

answer: @entity55681 :: (9963,Gene) :: ['slc23a1']