abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been shown that peri-implant crestal bone reactions are influenced by both a rough-smooth implant border in one-piece, non-submerged, as well as an interface (microgap [MG] between implant/abutment) in two-piece butt-joint, submerged and non-submerged implants being placed at different levels in relation to the crest of the bone. According to standard surgical procedures, the rough-smooth implant border for implants with a smooth collar should be aligned with the crest of the bone exhibiting a smooth collar adjacent to peri-implant soft tissues. No data, however, are available for implants exhibiting a sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) surface all the way to the top of a non-submerged implant. Thus, the purpose of this study is to histometrically examine crestal bone changes around machined versus SLA-surfaced implant collars in a side-by-side comparison. METHODS: A total of 60 @entity702 implants (30 machined collars and 30 SLA collars) were randomly placed in edentulous mandibular areas of five foxhounds forming six different subgroups (implant subgroups A to F). The implants in subgroups A to C had a machined collar (control), whereas the implants in subgroups D to F were SLA-treated all the way to the top (MG level; test). Furthermore, the MGs of the implants were placed at different levels in relation to the crest of the bone: the implants in subgroups A and E were 2 mm above the crest, in subgroups C and D 1 mm above, in subgroup B 3 mm above, and in subgroup F at the bone crest level. For all implants, abutment healing screws were connected the day of surgery. These caps were loosened and immediately retightened monthly. At 6 months, animals were sacrificed and non-decalcified histology was analyzed by evaluating peri-implant crestal bone levels. RESULTS: For implants in subgroup A, the estimated mean crestal @entity604 (   @entity168 ) was -0.52    0.40 mm; in subgroup B, +0.16    0.40 mm ( @entity79 ); in subgroup C, -1.28    0.21 mm; in subgroup D, -0.43    0.43 mm; in subgroup E, -0.03    0.48 mm; and in subgroup F, -1.11    0.27 mm. Mean @entity604 for subgroup A was significantly greater than for subgroup E (P = 0.034) and @entity604 for subgroup C was significantly greater than for subgroup D (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Choosing a completely SLA-surfaced non-submerged implant can reduce the amount of peri-implant crestal @entity604 and reduce the distance from the MG to the first bone-implant contact around unloaded implants compared to implants with a machined collar. Furthermore, a slightly exposed SLA surface during implant placement does not seem to compromise the overall hard and soft tissue integration and, in some cases, results in coronal bone formation in this @entity235 model.

title: Influence of a machined collar on crestal bone changes around XXXX implants: a histometric study in the @entity235 mandible.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone gain']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the cardioprotective effect of @entity10976 ( @entity9170 ) on chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity0 with concurrent @entity6 ( @entity4989 ). METHODS: Eighty female @entity1 with @entity0 with @entity4989 were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy only or chemotherapy plus @entity9170 . All @entity1 received 80 mg/m @entity1259 and 500 mg/m @entity786 by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks for a total of 6 cycles. The group assigned to receive chemotherapy alone received placebo 30 minutes before @entity1259 administration. The group assigned to receive chemotherapy plus @entity9170 received 800 mg/m @entity9170 30 minutes before @entity1259 administration. Cardiac function and hematology before and after 6 cycles of chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no difference in baseline systole or diastole function between the 2 @entity4989 groups. @entity1 receiving chemotherapy alone experienced significantly greater reductions in Ea and significantly greater elevations in E/Ea and Tei index in comparison with @entity1 receiving chemotherapy plus @entity9170 . After chemotherapy, @entity224 dismutase was significantly reduced, and serum @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity4989 . Serum @entity224 dismutase levels were comparable between the 2 groups before and after chemotherapy, @entity1865 levels were comparable between the 2 groups before chemotherapy, whereas serum @entity1865 was significantly higher after chemotherapy in the chemotherapy alone group in comparison with the group that received @entity9170 . CONCULSIONS: @entity9170 protects against @entity1370 induced by chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity0 with concurrent @entity4989 .

title: @entity10976 protects @entity0 XXXX with @entity6 from chemotherapy-induced @entity1370 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity10976 :: ('MESH:D011929', 'Chemical') :: ['dexrazoxane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The basic pattern of arm and leg movement during @entity1021 locomotor tasks is supported by common central neural control from spinal and supraspinal centers in neurologically intact @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that following a @entity64 , shared systems from interlimb cutaneous networks facilitating arm and leg coordination persist across locomotor tasks. @entity64 @entity1 (>6 months post CVA) performed arm and leg (A_L) cycling using a stationary ergometer and walking on a motorized treadmill. In both tasks cutaneous reflexes were evoked via surface stimulation of the nerves innervating the dorsum of the hand (superficial radial; SR) and foot (superficial peroneal; SP) of the less affected limbs. Electromyographic (EMG) activity from the tibialis anterior, soleus, flexor carpi radialis, and posterior deltoid were recorded bilaterally with surface electrodes. Full-wave rectified and filtered EMG data were separated into eight equal parts or phases and aligned to begin with maximum knee extension for both walking and A_L cycling. At each phase of movement, background EMG data were quantified as the peak normalized response for each @entity1 and cutaneous reflexes were quantified as the average cumulative reflex over 150 ms following stimulation. In general, background EMG was similar between walking and A_L cycling, seen especially in the distal leg muscles. Cutaneous reflexes were evident and modified in the less and more affected limbs during walking and A_L cycling and similar modulation patterns were observed suggesting activity in related control networks between tasks. After a @entity64 common neural patterning from conserved subcortical regulation is seen supporting the notion of a common core in locomotor tasks involving arm and leg movement. This has translational implications for rehabilitation where A_L cycling could be usefully applied to improve walking function.

title: Preservation of common @entity1021 locomotor control despite weakened supraspinal regulation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Twelve stroke', 'stroke', 'cerebrovascular accident']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Postnatal neurogenesis of granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) produces GCs that normally migrate from the subgranular zone to the GC layer. However, GCs can mismigrate into the hilus, the opposite direction. Previous descriptions of these hilar ectopic GCs (hEGCs) suggest that they are rare unless there are severe @entity410 . However, it is not clear if severe @entity410 are required, and it also is unclear if severe @entity410 are responsible for the abnormalities of hEGCs, which include atypical dendrites and electrophysiological properties. Here we show that large numbers of hEGCs develop in a transgenic @entity19 without severe @entity410 . The @entity19 have a deletion of @entity1380 , which normally regulates apoptosis. Surprisingly, we show that hEGCs in the @entity1380 (-/-) @entity19 have similar abnormalities as hEGCs that arise after severe @entity410 . We next asked if there are selective effects of hEGCs, i.e., whether a robust population of hEGCs would have any effect on the DG if they were induced without severe @entity410 . Indeed, this appears to be true, because it has been reported that @entity1380 (-/-) @entity19 have defects in a behavior that tests pattern separation, which depends on the DG. However, inferring functional effects of hEGCs is difficult in @entity19 with a constitutive @entity1380 deletion because there is decreased apoptosis in and outside the DG. Therefore, a computational model of the normal DG and hippocampal subfield @entity4779 was used. Adding a small population of hEGCs (5% of all GCs), with characteristics defined empirically, was sufficient to disrupt a simulation of pattern separation and completion. Modeling results also showed that effects of hEGCs were due primarily to "backprojections" of @entity4779 pyramidal cell axons to the hilus. The results suggest that hEGCs can develop for diverse reasons, do not depend on severe @entity410 , and a small population of hEGCs may impair DG-dependent function.

title: The influence of ectopic migration of granule cells into the hilus on dentate gyrus- XXXX function.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

answer: @entity4779 :: (12350(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: @entity303 is a @entity146 characterized by loss of intellectual ability sufficiently severe enough to interfere with one's occupational or social activities. Desmodium gangeticum commonly known as Salparni, is widely used in ayurveda for the treatment of @entity16 . The present work was designed to assess the potential of aqueous extract of D. gangeticum (DG) as a nootropic agent in @entity19 . DG (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered for 7 successive days to both young and older @entity19 . Exteroceptive behavioral models such as elevated plus maze and passive avoidance paradigm were employed to evaluate learning and memory. @entity5591 (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) induced @entity2730 and ageing induced @entity2730 were the interoceptive behavioral models. To delineate the mechanism by which DG exerts nootropic activity, the effect of DG on whole brain @entity4360 activity was also assessed. @entity2475 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a standard nootropic agent. Pretreatment with DG (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) for seven successive days significantly improved learning and memory in @entity19 and reversed the @entity2730 induced by both, @entity5591 (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) and natural ageing. DG also decreased whole brain @entity16374 cholinesterase activity. Hence, D. gangeticum appears to be a promising candidate for improving memory and it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of @entity303 and @entity195 .

title: Antiamnesic effects of Desmodium gangeticum in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia', 'Dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['Scopolamine', 'scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['Piracetam']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Animal and @entity1 studies of sleep and learning have demonstrated that training on various tasks increases subsequent rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and phasic pontine-wave (P-wave) activity, followed by improvement in performance on the learned task. It is well documented that @entity11755 after learning trials blocks the expected improvement in performance on subsequent retesting. Our aim was to test whether experimentally induced P-wave generator activation could eliminate the @entity4207 produced by post-training @entity11755 . @entity35 were trained on a two-way active avoidance-learning task. Immediately thereafter, two groups of those @entity35 received a control vehicle (100 nl saline) microinjection and one group received a @entity5402 (50 ng in 100 nl saline) microinjection into the P-wave generator. The @entity5402 -injected group and one of the two control saline microinjected groups were selectively deprived of REM sleep during a 6 hr polygraphic recording session. All @entity35 were then tested on the avoidance-learning task. The @entity35 that received both the control saline injection and @entity11755 showed @entity4207 compared with the control saline-injected @entity35 that were allowed to sleep normally. In contrast, the @entity35 that received the @entity5402 microinjection and @entity11755 demonstrated normal learning. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that @entity5402 -induced activation of the P-wave generator prevents the memory-impairing effects of post-training @entity11755 . This evidence supports our hypothesis that the activation of the P-wave generator during @entity11755 enhances a physiological process of memory, which occurs naturally during post-training REM sleep.

title: Activation of phasic pontine-wave generator prevents rapid eye movement sleep deprivation-induced @entity4207 in the XXXX : a mechanism for sleep-dependent plasticity.

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficits', 'learning impairment']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity146 affect many @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity4359 Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) has enabled the in vivo visualisation of brain amyloid-b (Ab) deposition. This study exploratively investigated the correlation between brain Ab deposition measured by @entity4359 PIB PET and @entity146 in @entity195 . METHODS: @entity1 were 28 @entity1 (15 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 ) with PIB-positive @entity195 . Clinical assessments included Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical @entity303 Rating scale, neuropsychiatry inventory (NPI) and frontal assessment battery. All @entity1 underwent three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI and @entity4359 PIB PET. The distribution volume ratio (DVR), an index of @entity11703 retention and, thus, Ab deposition, was estimated voxel by voxel from @entity4359 PIB PET data with partial volume correction. Voxel-based correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationships between DVR and each NPI subscale. Additionally, voxel-based analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of the DVR images was performed between @entity1 with @entity195 with and without each neuropsychiatric symptom. Voxel-based morphometry analysis of MRI was also performed. RESULTS: Apathy subscale was correlated with @entity11703 retention in the bilateral frontal and right anterior cingulate. @entity11703 retention was greater in the bilateral frontal cortex of @entity1 with @entity195 with apathy than those of without apathy. Overlapping areas between the two analyses were the bilateral orbitofrontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. Other NPI subscales were not correlated with @entity11703 retention. Voxel-based morphometry analysis of MRI showed no significant cluster of correlation between grey matter volume and NPI subscales. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that prefrontal Ab deposition correlates with apathy.

title: Apathy correlates with prefrontal amyloid b deposition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric symptoms', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a technique for evaluating the severity of @entity102 and to examine the correlation with @entity566 , @entity565 , and @entity1712 . DESIGN: A survey of 104 @entity1 undergoing surgery for chronic @entity1244 . SETTING: A university hospital ear, nose, and throat clinic. @entity1 : A referral population of adult @entity1 being scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery was eligible; 104 completed questionnaires and agreed to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Computed tomographic scans were reviewed and scored for extent of disease. Serum samples were assayed for total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to common inhalant allergens. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for total eosinophil count. Surgical biopsy specimens were examined for @entity1712 and cultured for bacteria and fungi. RESULTS: @entity66 was present in 39% of subjects and correlated well with @entity565 , specific IgE antibodies, and @entity1712 , but not with elevated total IgE. Among @entity1 with peripheral @entity1712 , 87% had @entity66 . All cultures grew aerobic bacteria; anaerobes and fungi were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: We present a system for quantitation of disease extent using computed tomographic scans of @entity1 with chronic @entity1244 . The well-accepted associations of chronic @entity1244 with @entity565 and @entity566 appear to be restricted to the group with @entity66 . The presence of peripheral @entity1712 in @entity1 with @entity1244 indicates a high likelihood of @entity66 .

title: @entity102 . Relationship of computed tomographic findings to @entity566 , XXXX , and @entity1712 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'Extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sinus disease']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Green synthesis technology is one of the rapid, reliable and best routes for the synthesis of @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs). There are bioactive compounds with enormous potential in Azadirachta indica (Neem). The extraordinary mosquitoes warrant nanotechnology to integrate with novel molecules. This will be sustainable technology for future. Here, we synthesized AgNPs using aqueous extracts of leaves and bark of Az. indica (Neem). We tested AgNPs as larvicides, pupicides and adulticides against the @entity311 vector Anopheles stephensi and filariasis vector @entity2957 . The results were obtained using UV-visible spectrophotometer and the images were recorded with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The efficacy tests were then performed at different concentrations varying many hours by probit analysis. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape and with varied sizes (10.47-nm leaf and 19.22-nm bark). The larvae, pupae and adults of filariasis vector @entity2957 were found to be more susceptible to our AgNPs than the @entity311 vector An. stephensi. The first and the second instar larvae of @entity2957 show a mortality rate of 100  % after 30  min of exposure. The results against the pupa of @entity2957 were recorded as LC50 4  ppm, LC90 11  ppm and LC99 13  ppm after 3  h of exposure. In the case of adult mosquitoes, LC50 1.06   L/cm(2), LC90 2.13   L/cm(2) and LC99 2.4   L/cm(2) were obtained after 4  h of exposure. These results suggest that our AgNPs are environment-friendly for controlling malarial and filarial vectors.

title: XXXX nanoparticles: a possibility for malarial and filarial vector control technology.

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus', 'C. quinquefasciatus']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['Silver']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the differential effects of subcutaneous E2 alone or in combination with P on the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 to oxidation in naturally postmenopausal diet-controlled @entity2608 . DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal controlled study. SETTING: Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, and Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon. @entity1 (S): Five naturally postmenopausal @entity2608 . INTERVENTION(S): @entity53 was administered subcutaneously for the first 4 weeks, followed by E2 plus P for 4 weeks, followed by a third 4-week washout period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Changes in plasma lipoprotein levels and oxidation of LDL and serum concentrations of E2 and P. RESULT(S): Levels of LDL @entity165 fell after 4 weeks of treatment with E2, compared with baseline. The lag time to half maximal light absorbancy after 4 weeks of E2 treatment was significantly increased compared with baseline. The maximal absorbance values and the slope of the propagation phase after 4 weeks of treatment with E2 were decreased compared with baseline. After 4 weeks of combined E2 and P treatment, all values were comparable to baseline. CONCLUSION(S): These results suggest that subcutaneous E2 therapy appears to enhance LDL resistance to oxidation and that this effect is attenuated by the addition of the P.

title: Differential effects of subcutaneous estrogen and progesterone on low-density lipoprotein size and susceptibility to oxidation in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The frequency of @entity15 increases with age and augments the cardiovascular risk. The criteria for distinguishing @entity15 constantly evolve. The aim of the study was to estimate the reciprocal links between low-grade @entity32 , selected serum @entity3800 and prevalence of @entity15 , according to NCEP and IDF criteria, in Polish @entity1 over the age of 40. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 160 @entity1 was randomly selected from @entity1 at the age of 40, 50, 60 and 70, residing in the rural south-western region of Poland. @entity8923 and CRP, @entity69 , a (1)-antichymotrypsin, @entity2494 and its @entity597 as well as free- @entity251 levels were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity15 was 37.5% using NCEP criteria and 46.25% employing IDF indices. @entity1 with @entity15 diagnosed according to criteria proposed by NCEP and IDF exhibit a similar hormonal and immunological profile. Age was positively correlated with CRP (r=0.231; p<0.0005), and a (1)-ACT (r=0.191 p<0.05) and negatively with @entity69 (r=-0.27; p<0.001), but not with @entity8923 plasma levels. Both adrenal @entity3800 were negatively correlated with age: @entity2494 r=-0.489; p<0.001 and DHEAS: r=-0.553; p<0.001 respectively, in contrast to free- @entity251 . @entity1 suffering from @entity15 have shown a significantly higher level of @entity8923 and CRP. The number of @entity15 components identified (according to NCEP) is positively correlated only with @entity8923 serum levels (r=0.226; p=0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory parameters were better than a deficit of @entity3800 in identifying @entity1 suffering from @entity15 . However, the best correlation with the number of @entity15 components was revealed by @entity8923 plasma levels.

title: The associations between XXXX serum levels and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Polish @entity1 over the age of 40 according to other selected inflammatory indices and @entity3800 : comparison of NCEP with IDF criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity8923 :: (3606,Gene) :: ['iL-18']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of intra-sphincteric injections of bone marrow @entity361 ( @entity361 ) on Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) changes in an animal model of stress @entity322 (SUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four female @entity35 underwent bilateral pudendal nerve section to induce SUI. Six @entity35 were SUI controls, 6 received periurethral injection of Plasma-Lyte (SUI placebo control) and 12 were given periurethral injection of @entity13214 -labeled @entity361 . Four weeks after injection, conscious cystometry was undertaken in animals and VLPP recorded. All groups were sacrificed, and frozen urethra sections were submitted to pathology and immunohistochemistry assessment. RESULTS: @entity35 @entity361 were positive for the cell surface antigens @entity3802 , @entity33305 , @entity18715 , and @entity10171 , and negative for @entity18518 , @entity1008 , and @entity13199 , confirming their stem cell phenotype. In vitro, differentiated @entity361 expressed a-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and @entity10944 , markers of smooth and striated muscles in vivo. Immunohistochemistry of @entity35 urethras revealed @entity13214 -labeled @entity361 in situ and at the injection site. LPP was significantly improved in animals injected with @entity361 . Mean LPP was 24.28    1.47 cm @entity2507 in @entity35 implanted with @entity361 and 16.21    1.26 cm @entity2507 in SUI controls (P<0.001). @entity18485 with implanted @entity361 were positively stained for myosin heavy chain and @entity10944 . CONCLUSION: @entity35 @entity361 have the ability to differentiate and skew their phenotype towards smooth and striated muscles, as demonstrated by SMA up-regulation and @entity10944 expression. Periurethral injection of @entity361 in an animal model of SUI restored the damaged external urethral sphincter and significantly improved VLPP.

title: Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for external urethral sphincter restoration in a XXXX model of stress @entity322 .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity18485 :: ('MESH:D014523', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic urethras']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['MSCs', 'mesenchymal stromal cells']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In a longitudinal study of 1230 @entity1 aged 13-18 years from the Greater Oslo Area, the past-year prevalence of anxiolytic or hypnotic use was 10%, which is higher than previously reported. The majority gave therapeutic reasons as a motive for using these drugs. However, most of the use was unprescribed. The parents, and especially the mother, were the most important suppliers. A minority gave intoxication as a motive for using these drugs. In this group, the suppliers were mainly peers and the illegal market. Neither the unprescribed nor the prescribed therapeutic use show any association with use of drugs such as @entity167 and @entity835 . There is, however, a strong association between the unprescribed use of @entity1245 by young @entity1 and by their parents. This suggests a pattern of learning and role modelling, which must be regarded as problematic for public health policy. Those who use the drugs to become intoxicated have particularly poor mental health, and they use many other drugs as well. This group probably runs a special risk of developing more serious drug abuse.

title: Adolescents and XXXX : prescribed use, self-medication and intoxication.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepines']


abstract: Elevated intake of high energy diets is a risk factor for the development of @entity209 and @entity28 . High fat diets cause alterations in colonic microbiota composition and increase gut permeability to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and subsequent low-grade chronic @entity32 in @entity19 . Chronic @entity29 are increasing worldwide and may involve alterations in microbiota-host dialog. @entity209 appearing in later life are also suspected to reflect changes in early programming. However, how the latter affects the colon remains poorly studied. Here, we hypothesized that various components of colonic physiology, including permeability, ion exchange and protective inducible @entity1457 proteins (HSP) are influenced in the short- and long-terms by early disturbances in microbial colonization. The hypothesis was tested in a @entity1707 model. Offspring were born to control mothers (n = 12) or mothers treated with the antibiotic (ATB) @entity115 around parturition (n = 11). Offspring were slaughtered between 14 and 42 days of age to study short-term effects. For long-term effects, young adult offspring from the same litters consumed a normal or a palm oil-enriched diet for 4 weeks between 140 and 169 days of age. ATB treatment transiently modified maternal fecal microbiota although the minor differences observed for offspring colonic microbiota were nonsignificant. In the short-term, consistently higher @entity19456 and @entity19457 levels and transiently increased horseradish peroxidase permeability in ATB offspring colon were observed. Importantly, long-term consequences included reduced colonic horseradish peroxidase permeability, and increased colonic digesta alkaline phosphatase (AP) and @entity34968 - and @entity29680 -stimulant concentrations in rectal digesta in adult ATB offspring. Inducible @entity19456 and @entity19457 did not change. Interactions between early ATB treatment and later diet were noted for paracellular permeability and concentrations of colonic digesta AP. In conclusion, our data suggest that early ATB-induced changes in bacterial colonization modulate important aspects of colonic physiology in the short- and long-terms.

title: Maternal Antibiotic-Induced Early Changes in Microbial Colonization Selectively Modulate Colonic Permeability and Inducible XXXX Proteins, and Digesta Concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and TLR-Stimulants in @entity1707 Offspring.

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'Metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat Shock']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Resection of @entity1313 is a tricky task in surgery due to its direct influence on the @entity1 ' survival rate. Determining the @entity5 resection extent for its complete information via-  -vis volume and dimensions in pre- and post-operative Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) requires accurate estimation and comparison. The active contour segmentation technique is used to segment @entity1313 on pre-operative MR images using self-developed software. @entity5 volume is acquired from its contours via alpha shape theory. The graphical user interface is developed for rendering, visualizing and estimating the volume of a @entity1313 . Internet Brain Segmentation Repository dataset (IBSR) is employed to analyze and determine the repeatability and reproducibility of @entity5 volume. Accuracy of the method is validated by comparing the estimated volume using the proposed method with that of gold-standard. Segmentation by active contour technique is found to be capable of detecting the @entity1313 boundaries. Furthermore, the volume description and visualization enable an interactive examination of @entity5 tissue and its surrounding. Admirable features of our results demonstrate that alpha shape theory in comparison to other existing standard methods is superior for precise volumetric measurement of @entity5 .

title: Alpha shape theory for 3D visualization and volumetric measurement of XXXX progression using magnetic resonance images.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: In a histologic review of adult epididymides obtained at autopsy (both epididymides of 408 @entity1 ) or during surgery (261 @entity1 with testicular or epididymal nontumoral pathology), a peculiar @entity75 was observed in two autopsy specimens (unilateral) and three surgical specimens. The lesion was located in the caput epididymidis and consisted of a zone of @entity39 that involved efferent ducts and interstitial connective tissue and was not associated with an acute inflammatory response. Immunohistochemical study with anticytokeratin antibodies showed the presence of some epithelial cells in the damaged efferent ducts. At the periphery of the lesion, where damage was less severe, the efferent ducts only showed partial @entity39 of their wall through which the @entity39 material was released to the ductal lumen. Inflammatory infiltrates were scanty and consisted of lymphocytes and @entity469 -positive macrophages. Lymphocytes were mainly located around the @entity39 zone or surrounding the adjacent, well-preserved efferent ducts, whereas macrophages formed large clusters in the ductal lumen. In these clusters, @entity165 crystals and giant cells of foreign body type were frequent. Intratubular epithelial regeneration as well as proliferation of small ducts showing epithelial regeneration and numerous spermatozoa in their lumen were observed. Ceroid granulomata, spermatic granulomata, and epidermoid metaplasia of the efferent ducts were observed in some cases. On the basis of the histologic study, the following developmental stages of the lesion are suggested: @entity39 , granulomatous reaction, cicatrization, and sequelae. The term " @entity2806 " is proposed to designate this reactive lesion.

title: XXXX of possible ischemic origin.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'ischemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Granulomatous epididymal lesion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intrathecal @entity1286 can produce @entity2332 in animals. This side effect has been reported in @entity1 , but has not been thoroughly studied in obstetrics. METHODS: We report a series of 14 @entity1 with presumed @entity1286 -induced @entity2332 . All @entity1 had post-cesarean temperatures <35.8 degrees C, and complained of associated symptoms of diaphoresis and subjective feeling of being hot. After collecting this series, we determined the incidence of this side effect in an observational study of 100 consecutive @entity1 . All @entity1 had spinal anesthesia with @entity1341 , @entity1286 and @entity3575 . RESULTS: In the case series, four of 14 @entity1 were treated conservatively, and 10 were given @entity2934 . Those treated conservatively had 6h of @entity2332 and symptoms; @entity1 given @entity2934 had a cessation of symptoms and a rapid increase in temperature. In the observational study, 6% (95% Confidence Interval: 1-10%) experienced symptomatic @entity2332 lasting for several hours after the end of surgery (120-360 min). We found no statistical association with any demographic or obstetric characteristic. CONCLUSION: We conclude that symptomatic @entity2332 is an occasional side effect of cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. We believe this syndrome is due to intrathecal @entity1286 . While the duration is limited to 6h, @entity2934 appears to treat both @entity2332 and symptoms.

title: @entity2332 after cesarean delivery and its reversal with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2934 :: (MESH:D008140,Chemical) :: ['lorazepam']


abstract: @entity2916 is a @entity395 in @entity4607 may be found in the brain, the retina, the skin and in other internal organs. The classic form of the disease showing @entity1032 , @entity302 and @entity2916 is easily recognised. Incomplete forms, however, can provide considerable diagnostic difficulties. Angiographically, appearances are found which cannot be differentiated with certainty from those of @entity5 . @entity5 are very rare in this condition. Nephrectomy can be avoided if the diagnosis is made at an early stage. Two female @entity1 are reported, in one of whom the diagnosis was made by renal angiography. Despite the presence of large @entity5 in both kidneys, these organs could be preserved by surgery. In the second @entity1 there were also bilateral @entity10230 , but surgery was not carried out. Both cases showed typical changes in the fingers and toes as well as intracerebral calcification, and in one the lungs were affected.

title: [The place of radiology in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity10230 :: ('MESH:C536399', 'Disease') :: ['renal hamartomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'Malignant tumours']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma sebaceum', 'Tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['which hamartomas']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: Blood meals of 1,491 Anopheles fluviatilis sensu lato (s.l.), 1,690 An. culicifacies s.l., 719 An. annularis s.l., and 358 An. varuna sensu stricto were examined by gel diffusion method. The overall anthropophilic index (AI) was 78.9%, 1.6%, 3.2%, and 6.7% for An. fluviatilis, An. culicifacies, An. annularis, and An. varuna, respectively. Out of 4 anopheline species studied, only 0.2% of An. culicifacies blood meals contained blood from @entity1 and @entity291 . Anopheles fluviatilis and An. culicifacies revealed seasonality in their anthropophilic index. An. fluviatilis showed a @entity1 forage ratio of more than 1, whereas An. culicifacies, An. annularis, and An. varuna had forage ratios of 2.6, 2.5, and 2.4, respectively, for @entity291 . There was a correlation between the Al of An. fluviatilis and the @entity311 slide positivity rate. This study suggests that the use of repellent, insecticide-treated nets will be effective for controlling biting mosquitoes inside houses in Orissa.

title: Host feeding patterns of XXXX vectors of Orissa, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to evaluate the short term effect of coffee drinking on energy utilization in sedentary @entity1 . METHODS: This study was performed in healthy sedentary @entity1 , who were randomized into three groups, control (n = 6), decaffeinated (n = 10), and @entity5834 (n = 10). The @entity5834 dose in coffee was rechecked and calculated for individual volunteers at 5 mg/kg. Baseline before drinking, complete blood count (CBC), @entity413 , antioxidant capacity, lipid @entity2625 , and @entity5834 in blood was evaluated. After drinking coffee for 1 hr, the submaximal exercise test with a modified Bruce protocol was carried out, and the VO2 and RER were analyzed individually at 80% maximal heart rate, then the blood was repeat evaluated. RESULTS: Three groups showed a nonsignificant difference in CBC results and physical characteristics. The @entity5834 group showed significant changes in all parameters; higher VO2 levels, (P = 0.037) and lower RER (P = 0.047), when compared to the baseline. Furthermore, the @entity413 level after exercise test increased significantly (P = 0.033) as well as lipid @entity2625 levels (P = 0.005), whereas antioxidant capacity did not change significantly (P = 0.759), when compared to the before exercise testing. In addition, the blood @entity5834 level also increased only in the @entity5834 group (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Short consumption of caffeinated coffee (5 mg/kg of @entity5834 ), improves energy utilization and relates to @entity413 derivation and lipid oxidation.

title: Effects of acute caffeinated coffee consumption on energy utilization related to @entity413 and lipid oxidation from short submaximal treadmill exercise in sedentary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: The amount of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction achieved by the use of latanoprost eyedrops varies among @entity1 , and there are even nonresponders. This report examines whether there is any correlation between the amount of individual variability in @entity2790 and the uveoscleral outflow facility after latanoprost eyedrop instillation in normal-tension @entity726 @entity1 . METHODS: Sixteen normal-tension @entity726 @entity1 (mean age, 56.4 years) were enrolled in the study to investigate the relationship between the amount of @entity2790 and outflow facility. Before treatment, subjects underwent circadian IOP measurement and then tonography, and the outflow facility was calculated. Subsequently, @entity1 began treatment once daily with latanoprost instillation in one eye. After 4 weeks of daily latanoprost treatment, circadian IOP was measured again. RESULTS: Mean pretreatment outflow facility was 0.23 +/- 0.05 microl/min per mmHg. On average, latanoprost instillation decreased IOP by 2.8 mmHg, but the reduction varied among individuals from -0.3 mmHg to 5.8 mmHg. No significant correlation was noted between the outflow facility and the IOP decline associated with latanoprost. CONCLUSION: Because there was no significant correlation between individual @entity2790 by latanoprost and outflow facility, the differences in substantial change in uveoscleral outflow after latanoprost administration may be one explanation for the individual variation in @entity2790 after treatment with this drug.

title: Correlation between individual differences in intraocular pressure reduction and outflow facility due to latanoprost in normal-tension @entity726 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOP reduction']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a progressive @entity179 affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. Despite supportive electrophysiological investigations, the involvement of the upper motor neuron is often difficult to assess at an early stage of disease. Diffusion tensor MRI provides an estimate of the orientation of fibre bundles in white matter on the basis of the diffusion characteristics of water. Diffusivity is generally higher in directions along fibre tracts than perpendicular to them. This degree of directionality of diffusion can be measured as fractional anisotropy. Changes in tissue structure due to degeneration of the corticospinal fibres can lead to a modification of the degree of directionality which can be detected by diffusion tensor MRI. We investigated 15 @entity1 with @entity746 , six of whom had no clinical signs of upper motor neuron involvement at the time of MRI investigation, but developed pyramidal tract symptoms later in the course of their disease. These @entity1 met the El Escorial criteria as their disease progressed. We found a decrease in fractional anisotropy in the corticospinal tract, corpus callosum and thalamus in all 15 @entity746 @entity1 , including the @entity1 without clinical signs of @entity4681 , compared with healthy controls. Regression analysis showed a negative correlation between fractional anisotropy and central motor conduction time obtained by transcranial magnetic stimulation, allowing spatial differentiation between the degenerated corticospinal tract fibres that supply the upper and lower extremities. Thus, diffusion tensor MRI can be used to assess upper motor neuron involvement in @entity746 @entity1 before clinical symptoms of corticospinal tract lesion become apparent, and it may therefore contribute to earlier diagnosis of @entity4681 .

title: Diffusion tensor MRI of early upper motor neuron involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['upper motor neuron lesion', 'motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative system disorder']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anal fissure is a common benign condition. An anorectal problem is defined as a split in the anal canal mucosa that extends from the dentate line to the anal verge. @entity12395 is defined by a history of symptoms present for more than 2 months' duration and with a triad of external @entity272 , namely, a @entity1184 , an @entity1066 with rolled edges, and a base exposing the internal sphincter. Because complications such as @entity322 are associated with surgical treatment, chemical sphincterotomy is currently favored. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to compare the difference in outcome between open partial lateral anal sphincterotomy and application of topical 0.2% @entity1242 ointment for the treatment of @entity12395 . METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study carried out between January 16, 2007 and January 15, 2008 in the Surgical Department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Sixty consecutive cases with a clinical diagnosis of @entity12395 were recruited in the study. All recruited @entity1 met the study inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. Group A was managed conservatively using topical 0.2% @entity1242 ointment, whereas Group B underwent open partial lateral anal sphincterotomy. Both groups were followed up at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: All the @entity1 complained of @entity158 . A total of 43 (71.7%) @entity1 had @entity158 with @entity1142 , whereas 31 (51.7%) @entity1 had @entity548 per rectum. Upon clinically examining the anal area, tenderness was elicited in all 60 (100%) @entity1 . Group A included 30 (11 females and 19 males) cases treated with topical 0.2% @entity1242 ointment and Group B included 30 (11 females and 19 males) cases who underwent open partial lateral anal sphincterotomy. In Group A, only 15 @entity1 with fissures were successfully treated (50%). By contrast, 28 (93%) @entity1 with fissures in Group B were successfully treated, and only two (7%) remained uncured. These two @entity1 (6.6%) in Group B suffered from @entity322 due to flatus and feces as a complication of the procedure. CONCLUSION: This quasi-experimental study demonstrates that open partial lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical 0.2% @entity1242 application in the treatment of @entity12395 , with good symptomatic relief, high rate of healing, fewer side effects, and a very low rate of early continence disturbances.

title: Internal sphincterotomy versus topical @entity1242 ointment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity12395 :: ('MESH:D005401', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anal fissure', 'Chronic anal fissure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied anal papilla']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin tags']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity12395 :: (MESH:D005401,Disease) :: ['chronic anal fissure']


abstract: @entity2727 ( @entity14501 ), or @entity2727 , is a psychostimulant that is prescribed for an extended period of time to @entity1 and adolescents with @entity71 . Adolescence is a time of critical brain maturation and development, and the drug exposure during this time could lead to lasting changes in the brain that endure into the adulthood. Circadian rhythms are 24 h rhythms of physiological processes that are synchronized by the master-clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, to keep the body stable in a changing environment. The aim of present study is to observe the effect of repeated @entity14501 exposure on the locomotor diurnal rhythm activity patterns of female adolescent Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 using the open field assay. 31 female adolescent SD @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, 0.6 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg @entity14501 group. On experimental day 1, all groups were given an injection of saline. On experimental days 2-7, animals were injected once a day with either saline, 0.6 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg @entity14501 , and experimental days 8-10 were the washout period. A re-challenge injection was given to each animal on experimental day 11 with the similar dose as the experimental days 2-7. The locomotor movements were counted by the computerized animal activity monitoring system. The data were analyzed statistically to find out whether the diurnal rhythm activity patterns were altered. The obtained data showed that repeated administrations of 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg @entity14501 were able to change the locomotor diurnal rhythm patterns, which suggests that these @entity14501 doses exerts long-term effects.

title: Does repetitive XXXX injection produce long-term effects on SD female adolescent @entity35 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'Ritalin']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Ritalin']


abstract: The expression of the catalytic subunit of the maturation promoting factor (MPF), p34cdc2, was analyzed during meiosis and final growth of @entity1237 oocytes. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of p34cdc2 in fully grown oocytes (follicles > 3 mm in diameter) prior to and during meiotic maturation. p34cdc2 was present in partially competent oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage (follicles 0.5 to 0.8 mm and 1 to 1.8 mm in diameter). In contrast, p34cdc2 was not expressed in meiotically incompetent oocytes from small antral follicles (follicles < 0.5 mm in diameter). The amount of p34cdc2 increased with oocyte growth and acquistion of meiotic competence. Moreover, p34cdc2 accumulated in partially competent and incompetent oocytes within 27 hr of culture, but the level of p34cdc2 in incompetent oocytes remained very low and was not sufficient to allow spontaneous resumption of meiosis. The expression of the cdc2 gene was analyzed by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) on reverse transcribed mRNA. The presence of the cdc2 transcript was evidenced in both competent and incompetent oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage. These data indicate that a deficiency in the expression of p34cdc2 that could be regulated at the translational level, may be a limiting factor for meiotic competence acquistion in @entity1237 oocytes. We further investigated the mechanisms of MPF activation in competent and incompetent oocytes by using @entity18398 , a protein phosphatase inhibitor. @entity18398 induced the premature resumption of meiosis associated with MPF activation in competent oocytes. In partially competent oocytes, @entity18398 induced premature meiosis reinitiation and MPF activation, but only after pre-culture for 10 hr. Acquisition of sensitivity to @entity18398 treatment was dependent on protein synthesis since it failed to occur when @entity1880 was added during the pre-culture period. Incompetent oocytes responded to @entity18398 treatment only after 27 hr of culture, when they had accumulated small amounts of p34cdc2. These data suggest that @entity18398 may bypass the subthreshold level of p34cdc2, provided the oocytes have synthesized some additional factors that remain to be identified.

title: p34cdc2 expression and meiotic competence in growing XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid', 'Okadaic acid']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To show the presentation and imaging findings of @entity4964 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the imaging tests (plain-film radiography, computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance [MR]) performed in six @entity1 aged between 28 and 44 years with recurrent pneumothorax associated to menstruation. All @entity1 underwent videothoracoscopic surgery and thoracotomy was necessary in three due to the recurrence of the pneumothorax. RESULTS: CT was performed in three cases and found pleural nodules in two; one of these was confirmed at MR. @entity46 was only demonstrated at histological examination in one case. @entity4530 and bullae were found in five of the six @entity1 . DISCUSSION: The most common symptoms of @entity4964 are @entity662 , @entity1353 , and hemoptysis. The right side is affected in 90% of cases. The radiological findings are pneumothorax, hemothorax, or hydropneumothorax. CT and MR can help to identify the @entity456 that are not visible on plain-film radiographs and are a very common finding at surgery. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity4964 should be suspected in fertile-aged @entity1 with a history of recurrent pneumothorax coinciding with menstruation. CT and MR can help to identify lesions suspicious of @entity46 .

title: [Imaging findings in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4964 :: ('MESH:C538279', 'Disease') :: ['catamenial pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['Diaphragmatic blebs']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis', 'Pleural endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural lesions']

answer: @entity4964 :: (MESH:C538279,Disease) :: ['catamenial pneumothorax']


abstract: We hypothesized that combining @entity922 ( @entity922 ) with the heel stiffness index (SI) measured via @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) would improve the detection of @entity1 both at low and high risk for @entity173 . Categorizing @entity1 by risk score improved the specificity of detection to 42.4%, versus 33.8% using @entity922 alone and 38.4% using the SI alone. This combined @entity922 -SI score could be used wherever and whenever DXA is not readily accessible. INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Several strategies have been proposed to identify @entity1 at high risk for @entity170 -related @entity174 ; we wanted to investigate whether combining @entity922 ( @entity922 ) and heel @entity23398 parameters could provide a more accurate tool to identify @entity1 at both low and high risk for @entity173 than either @entity922 or @entity23398 alone. METHODS: We pooled two Caucasian cohorts, EPIDOS and SEMOF, into a large database named "EPISEM", in which 12,064 @entity1 , 70 to 100 years old, were analyzed. Amongst all the @entity922 available in EPISEM, we used only the ones which were statistically significant in a Cox multivariate model. Then, we constructed a risk score, by combining the @entity23398 -derived heel stiffness index (SI) and the following seven @entity922 : @entity1 age, body mass index (BMI), @entity174 history, fall history, @entity6 history, chair-test results, and past @entity172 treatment. RESULTS: Using the composite SI- @entity922 score, 42% of the @entity1 who did not report a @entity173 were found to be at low risk at baseline, and 57% of those who subsequently sustained a @entity174 were at high risk. Using the SI alone, corresponding percentages were 38% and 52%; using @entity922 alone, 34% and 53%. The number of subjects in the intermediate group was reduced from 5,400 (including 112 @entity173 ) and 5,032 (including 111 @entity173 ) to 4,549 (including 100 including @entity174 ) for the @entity922 and @entity23398 alone versus the combination score. CONCLUSIONS: Combining @entity922 to heel bone ultrasound appears to correctly identify more @entity1 at low risk for @entity173 than either the stiffness index or the @entity922 alone; it improves the detection of @entity1 both at low and high risk.

title: Combining clinical factors and @entity23398 improves the detection of @entity1 both at low and high risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity23398 :: ('OMIM:612306', 'Disease') :: ['quantitative ultrasound', 'QUS']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'clinical risk factors']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: RATIONALE: Alterations in the serotonergic transmission and activity of @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) family may underlie @entity148 and @entity308 . These could be corrected by treatment with SSRIs. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the current study is to determine whether the increased @entity148 of prenatally stressed (PS) @entity35 of both sexes is associated with changes in @entity10463 and @entity4059 type 2 receptors (5HT1AR and @entity35947 ) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) axis, and how these are affected by chronic treatment with @entity837 (10  mg/kg/day). We focussed on GABAergic cells that co-express @entity7053 and/or neuropeptide Y, and 5HT1AR in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and on cells that express 5HT, @entity7053 or @entity35947 in the DRN. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry with fluorescent antibodies demonstrated sex differences in the expression of 5HT1AR and @entity35947 protein. Prenatal stress selectively reduced the expression of 5HT1AR on GABAergic cells in the mPFC in males and that of @entity35947 in the DRN of females. @entity837 treatment for 5  weeks abolished the increase in @entity148 in both sexes, restored the intensity of expression of 5HT1AR in the mPFC in males and increased their expression in the mPFC and DRN in females. @entity837 reduced @entity35947 expression in control and PS males but increased it in PS females. CONCLUSIONS: Male and female @entity35 show differences in the expression of 5HT1AR and @entity35947 protein that are selectively reduced by prenatal stress. Reversal by @entity837 of the changes in the expression of these receptors induced by prenatal stress support their role in the aetiology of @entity148 .

title: Sex dependent reduction by prenatal stress of the expression of @entity10463 receptors in the prefrontal cortex and @entity4059 type 2 receptors in the raphe nucleus in @entity35 : reversal by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7053 :: ('25269(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['parvalbumin', 'parvalbumin, 5HT1AR']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'corticotropin-releasing factor']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'Citalopram']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['citalopram']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular alterations critical to development of @entity5 include mutations, copy number alterations (amplifications and deletions) as well as genomic rearrangements resulting in gene fusions. Massively parallel next generation sequencing, which enables the discovery of such changes, uses considerable quantities of genomic DNA (> 5 ug), a serious limitation in ever smaller clinical samples. However, a commonly available microarray platforms such as array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) allows the characterization of gene copy number at a single gene resolution using much smaller amounts of genomic DNA. In this study we evaluate the sensitivity of ultra-dense array CGH platforms developed by Agilent, especially that of the 1 million probe array (1 M array), and their application when whole genome amplification is required because of limited sample quantities. METHODS: We performed array CGH on whole genome amplified and not amplified genomic DNA from MCF-7 @entity0 cells, using 244 K and 1 M Agilent arrays. The @entity22866 algorithm was used to identify micro-copy number alterations that measured less than 1 Mb in genomic length. RESULTS: DNA from MCF-7 @entity0 cells was analyzed for micro-copy number alterations, defined as measuring less than 1 Mb in genomic length. The 4-fold extra resolution of the 1 M array platform relative to the less dense 244 K array platform, led to the improved detection of copy number variations (CNVs) and micro-CNAs. The identification of intra-genic breakpoints in areas of DNA copy number gain signaled the possible presence of gene fusion events. However, the ultra-dense platforms, especially the densest 1 M array, detect artifacts inherent to whole genome amplification and should be used only with non-amplified DNA samples. CONCLUSIONS: This is a first report using 1 M array CGH for the discovery of @entity5 genes and biomarkers. We show the remarkable capacity of this technology to discover CNVs, micro-copy number alterations and even gene fusions. However, these platforms require excellent genomic DNA quality and do not tolerate relatively small imperfections related to the whole genome amplification.

title: The use of ultra-dense array CGH analysis for the discovery of micro-copy number alterations and gene fusions in the XXXX genome.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a multi-factorial intervention on @entity580 in very-low-birthweight @entity1 . Consecutive @entity1 with a birth weight less than 1500 g, born between February 2002 and February 2003, were included in this prospective study. The first six-month period (control) included surveillance of current practice. The intervention began in the seventh month and included: (i) changes to handwashing solutions with hand hygiene education; (ii) standardization of intravascular device (IV) insertion with specialized packs; (iii) changes to skin antiseptic solutions (2% aqueous @entity1216 and 1% @entity1216 in @entity1068 ); and (iv) mandatory removal or replacement of peripheral IV after 48 hours and removal once enteral intake was > 120 mL/kg/day. Demographic data and details of every device were collected prospectively. Bloodstream infections (BSIs), length of stay (LOS), length of ventilation (LOV) and @entity204 were recorded and the rate of nosocomial BSI was calculated. Overall, 174 newborns required 1359 devices. The two cohorts were similar for birth weight and gestation. There was a reduction in nosocomial BSIs from 21% to 9% (control vs. intervention) (P = 0.05, confidence intervals 0.19-1.0). There was no significant difference in LOS, LOV, or mortality. Four @entity1 had complications from 2% @entity1216 . In conclusion, implementation of the multi-factorial prevention strategy reduced nosocomial BSIs. Alternative antiseptic solutions are needed to reduce the complications caused by 2% aqueous @entity1216 .

title: Prospective evaluation of a multi-factorial prevention strategy on the impact of @entity580 in very-low-birthweight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish, firstly, whether gram-negative (re)-colonization of the gut leads to an increased risk of gram-negative @entity788 and whether this event is time-related and, secondly, whether the difference in the quantity and quality of micro-organisms colonizing the digestive tract influences morbidity and mortality. DESIGN: Prospective analysis of the results of systematic semi-quantitative cultures of several body areas taken from @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 , during a controlled multicenter trial of adjuvant selective decontamination. SETTING: Surgical intensive care units of 16 hospitals. @entity1 : A total of 2,159 semi-quantitative cultures from the oropharynx, rectum and pancreatic tissues taken from 90 @entity1 were analyzed. INTERVENTIONS: Surveillance cultures from the oropharynx and rectum were taken on admission and repeated twice weekly and from the (peri)-pancreatic devitalized tissues (i. e. @entity39 ) at every relaparotomy and from drainage. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All gram-negative @entity788 were preceded by intestinal colonization with the same micro-organisms. The risk of developing a @entity788 following gram-negative intestinal colonization (15/42 @entity1 ) was significantly higher as compared to @entity1 without gram-negative colonization (0/10 @entity1 ) (p < 0.001) or to @entity1 in whom @entity526 was the only intestinal micro-organism cultured (0/30 @entity1 ) (p < 0.001). The occurrence of intestinal @entity526 did not increase the risk of @entity788 . Gram-negative colonization of the rectum and oropharynx significantly correlated with the later development of @entity788 : relative risks 73.7 (p < 0.001) and 13.6 (p < 0.001), respectively. However, when both areas were evaluated simultaneously, the rectum was more significant (p < 0.001). The severity of intestinal intestinal colonization until the moment of @entity788 showed an increase in time in all 15 @entity1 . In 11 of 15 @entity1 (73%) these @entity281 occurred within 1 week following the first isolation from the digestive tract. Gram-negative intestinal colonization was associated with a 3.7 fold increased mortality risk (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Gram-negative intestinal colonization, @entity526 excepted, is an early prognostic parameter in @entity1 in whom @entity788 has not yet occurred and represents a significantly increased risk of @entity788 and mortality.

title: Prognostic importance of gram-negative intestinal colonization preceding @entity788 in severe acute XXXX . Results of a controlled clinical trial of selective decontamination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic infection', 'pancreatic infections']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: The use of @entity5 -related therapies in @entity5 @entity1 hospitalized at the end of life has increased in many countries over time. Given the scarcity of published Swiss data, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of hospital type and other factors on the delivery of health care during the last month before death. Claims data were used to assess health care utilization of @entity5 @entity1 (identified by @entity5 registry data of four participating Swiss cantons) who deceased between 2006 and 2008. Primary endpoints were delivery of @entity5 -related therapies during the last 30 days before death. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the explanatory value of hospital type, @entity1 and geographic characteristics. Of 3,809 identified @entity5 @entity1 in the claims database, 2,086 @entity1 dying from @entity5 were hospitalized during the last 30 days before death, generating 2,262 inpatient episodes. Anticancer drug therapy was given in 22.2% and radiotherapy in 11.7% of episodes. Besides age and @entity5 type, the canton of residence and hospital type showed independent, statistically significant associations with intensity of care, which was highest in university hospitals. These results should initiate a discussion among oncologists in Switzerland and may question the compliance with standard of care guidelines for @entity5 @entity1 .    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Cancer-Related Therapies at the End of Life in Hospitalized Cancer XXXX from Four Swiss Cantons: SAKK 89/09.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'terminal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in @entity55 care occur within or between hospitals is unclear. OBJECTIVE: Examine within and between-hospital racial/ethnic disparities in quality indicators and mortality for @entity1 hospitalized for @entity55 . RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: A total of 1,183,753 non-Hispanic white, African American, and Hispanic adults hospitalized for @entity55 between January 2005 and June 2006. MEASURES: Eight @entity55 care quality indicators and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Performance rates for the 8 quality indicators ranged from 99.4% (oxygenation assessment within 24 hours) to 60.2% (influenza vaccination). Overall hospital mortality was 4.1%. African American and Hispanic @entity1 were less likely to receive pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations, smoking cessation counseling, and first dose of antibiotic within 4 hours than white @entity1 at the same hospital (ORs = 0.65-0.95). @entity1 at hospitals with the racial composition of those attended by average African Americans and Hispanics were less likely to receive all indicators except blood culture within 24 hours than @entity1 at hospitals with the racial composition of those attended by average whites. Hospital mortality was higher for African Americans (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.09) and lower for Hispanics (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.89) than for whites within the same hospital. Mortality for @entity1 at hospitals with the racial composition of those attended by average African Americans (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.25) or Hispanics (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.14, 1.23) was higher than for @entity1 at hospitals with the racial composition of those attended by average whites. CONCLUSIONS: Racial/ethnic disparities in @entity55 treatment and mortality are larger and more consistent between hospitals than within hospitals.

title: Racial and ethnic disparities in XXXX treatment and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic dissemination in @entity421 occurs haematogenously, though regional lymph node involvement is rarely reported. We investigated incidence, @entity1 characteristics and survival for @entity1 with @entity421 and regional lymph node involvement at diagnosis. METHODS: We identified 2748 cases of high-grade @entity421 with available information regarding regional lymph node involvement in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database from 1973 to 2009. Demographics were compared using chi-squared tests or t-tests. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared with log-rank tests. Multivariate analysis of overall survival was performed using Cox proportional hazards methods. RESULTS: There were 74 @entity1 (2.7%) with regional lymph node involvement at diagnosis of whom 19 (0.7%) were pathologically confirmed. @entity1 with regional node involvement were more likely to @entity5 , distant metastases, @entity5 arising outside the lower extremity (p<0.0001 for all comparisons) and larger @entity5 (p=0.033). Five-year overall survival in those with and without regional node involvement was 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6-20.4) and 54.3% (95% CI 52.2-56.4; p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, regional node involvement remained predictive of inferior survival after controlling for differences in metastatic status, age, @entity5 site and extraskeletal origin (hazard ratio 2.05, 95% CI 1.57-2.67; p<0.0001). Similar survival results were found when the analysis was restricted to @entity1 with pathologically confirmed positive or negative regional lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: This analysis confirms that regional node involvement is a significant adverse prognostic factor that is independent of metastatic status, extraskeletal origin, age and @entity5 site.

title: Adverse impact of regional lymph node involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['have extraskeletal tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: @entity1779 is rare. Computerized tomography almost consistently demonstrates ring-shaped lesions with mass effect and perifocal @entity4 . All @entity1 in published studies have been treated surgically. Most of the @entity1410 have been encapsulated and contained blood in various stages of organization. The thick capsule has usually consisted of an outer layer of collagenous tissue and an inner layer of granulation tissue. A 60-year-old male, who had had @entity16 , left @entity1269 and @entity2026 , was admitted to our hospital. Fourteen days after admission, CT revealed an expanding low density mass with @entity2657 . He was treated surgically and with corticosteroid. In this case, the surgical treatment was not effective but the @entity228 medication was effective. Strategies of treatment are discussed.

title: [A chronic XXXX for which corticosteroid was effective: case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sudden neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic intracerebral hematoma']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hematoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the prevalence and progression of @entity1252 in @entity1 with @entity1252 and any association between this valvulopathy and their clinical and laboratory characteristics. METHODS: Doppler echocardiography was performed in 342 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1252 (297 females and 45 males). The clinical and laboratory data were recorded. @entity1 were reevaluated after a follow-up period of 4 years. RESULTS: @entity1252 was found in 38 @entity1 (11%). In 24 of 38 @entity1 , mitral valve involvement was found, resulting in regurgitation in all (mild in 18, moderate in 4, and severe in 2), whereas @entity850 co-occurred with regurgitation in 9 @entity1 (mild in 6 and moderate in 3). Thirteen (34%) of 38 @entity1 had aortic valve involvement; 11 had regurgitation (mild) and 8 had @entity850 (mild), coexistent with regurgitation in 6 of them. One @entity1 had mild @entity997 . A significant association was found between @entity1252 and disease duration and activity, @entity715 , @entity64 , @entity882 , anticardiolipin antibodies, and @entity1701 . During the follow-up period, 252 of 342 @entity1 were reevaluated echocardiographically. Among the 38 @entity1 with Libman-Sacks @entity47 , 5 with mild @entity339 at the beginning developed moderate (n=4) and severe @entity339 (n=1), 2 @entity1 with @entity4794 (mild in 1 and moderate in 1) developed severe @entity339 , and 2 @entity1 with mild @entity337 developed moderate and severe @entity339 , whereas a significant @entity472 was found. Two @entity1 who were candidates for surgery died. Among the 213 @entity1 without @entity47 at the beginning, 8 developed new Libman-Sacks lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Libman-Sacks @entity47 can be found in approximately 1 of 10 @entity1 with @entity1252 , and they are associated with lupus duration, disease activity, anticardiolipin antibodies, and @entity1701 manifestations. A progression of @entity340 may occur during long-term follow-up.

title: @entity1252 in XXXX : prevalence, associations, and evolution.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve lesions']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Libman-Sacks endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have looked at the utility of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) in diagnosing @entity2293 in @entity2294 ( @entity2294 ). The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 12-lead ECG in diagnosing @entity2293 in @entity2294 . HYPOTHESIS: Abnormalities on a 12 lead ECG can be used to diagnose or exclude @entity2293 in @entity1 with malignant @entity2294 . METHODS: Using echocardiography as the gold standard for diagnosis of @entity2293 , we determined the Se, Sp, @entity2286 , and NPV for individual and combinations of the 3 ECG abnormalities (low-voltage complexes, electrical alternans, and @entity7129 ). RESULTS: For PEs of all sizes, the Se, Sp, @entity2286 , and NPV for detecting @entity2293 were: low-voltage complexes (56%, 74%, 81%, 46%), electrical alternans (23%, 98%, 95%, 39%), and @entity7129 (76%, 60%, 79%, 56%), respectively. Presence of all 3 and any of the 3 ECG abnormalities had a Se, Sp, @entity2286 , and NPV of 8%, 100%, 100%, 36% and 89%, 47%, 77%, 69%, respectively, for @entity2293 . The odds ratios for @entity2293 in @entity2294 were 3.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65-8.30) for low-voltage complexes, 12.3 (95% CI: 1.58-95.17) for electrical alternans, and 4.9 (95% CI: 2.22-10.80) for @entity7129 . Presence of any of 3 ECG abnormalities had an odds ratio of 7.3 (95% CI: 2.9-18.1) for @entity2293 . CONCLUSIONS: In malignant @entity2294 , combination of ECG abnormalities can supplement clinical examination in the diagnosis of @entity2293 . Due to its low NPV, 12-lead ECG cannot be used as a screening tool to exclude @entity2293 with malignant @entity2294 .

title: Role of a 12-Lead Electrocardiogram in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Tamponade as Diagnosed by Transthoracic Echocardiography in XXXX With @entity2294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['echocardiographic cardiac tamponade', 'cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'malignant pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity320 remains a critical public health problem worldwide. @entity1 with stage IV disease have very poor prognosis and their 1-year survival rate is only 25%. Until recently, systemic treatments with a positive impact on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) had remained elusive. In recent years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - approved several novel agents targeting the RAS/ @entity8496 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 pathway ( @entity5457 , @entity5458 , and @entity5459 ) - critical in cell division and proliferation of @entity320 , and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ipilimumab) directed against the cytotoxic T lymphocyte Antigen - ( @entity4386 ). Moreover, recent reports of clinical trials studying other immune checkpoint modulating agents will most likely result in their FDA approval within the next months. This review focuses on ipilimumab, its safety and efficacy, and future considerations. Ipilimumab has demonstrated a positive @entity1349 impact after a several-year follow-up. It is also recognized that due to its mechanism of action, the response patterns to ipilimumab can differ from those observed in @entity1 following treatment with conventional cytotoxic agents and even the most recently approved @entity817 inhibitors. Most @entity1 (84.8%) experience drug-related adverse events (AEs) of any grade; most of these are mild to moderate and immune mediated. However, a minority of @entity1 may also experience severe and life-threatening AEs. In clinical studies, AEs were managed according to guidelines that emphasized close clinical monitoring and early use of corticosteroids when appropriate. Preliminary results have taught us the potential greater toxicity when in combination with @entity5457 , and the greater antitumor efficacy when combined with nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), another immune checkpoint inhibitor. Future challenges include the optimization of dosing and @entity137 when used as a single agent, and studying the safety and efficacy of combinations with targeted small molecules and other monoclonal antibodies to treat @entity1 with @entity320 and other @entity5 .

title: XXXX blockade with ipilimumab: biology, safety, efficacy, and future considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5459 :: ('MESH:C560077', 'Chemical') :: ['trametinib']

entities_list: @entity5457 :: ('MESH:C551177', 'Chemical') :: ['vemurafenib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5458 :: ('MESH:C561627', 'Chemical') :: ['dabrafenib']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity4386 :: (1493,Gene) :: ['CTLA-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 Activity Index (CDAI) is complex, time-consuming, and impractical. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a newly developed, simple, web-based self-reporting @entity30 symptom diary (CDSD) was as effective as CDAI in assessing disease severity. METHODS: CDSD consisted of 5 clinical parameters based on the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI), which could easily be recorded online, by using CDSD website (www.cdsd.or.kr). Images were added to help @entity1 better understand complications. All @entity1 were asked to visit the website and record their symptoms 7days before their next hospital appointment. CDAI scores were calculated at the subsequent hospital visit. The collected data were analyzed to determine if the CDAI scores correlated with those obtained from CDSD, and to define a cut-off value of CDSD that would be representative of disease remission. RESULTS: Analysis of 171 visits showed a positive correlation between scores from CDSD and CDAI (Spearman correlation coefficient r=0.720, p<0.001). Receiver Operating Characteristic curves showed CDSD score  <=5 points as corresponding with CDAI score  <=150 points (clinical remission). Using a cut-off value of 5 points by CDSD, the positive and negative predictive values for clinical remission were 91.7% and 88.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CDSD correlated well with CDAI. CDSD score of 5 is the cut-off value for clinical remission (CDAI score  <=150). Use of CDSD might permit a simple, @entity1 -friendly assessment of @entity1050 activity, which can provide useful early-phase information on @entity1 with @entity1050 as part of their long-term clinical assessment.

title: Development of a Web-based, self-reporting symptom diary for @entity30 , and its correlation with the @entity30 Activity Index: Web-based, self-reporting symptom diary for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oblique @entity2419 are @entity2122 affecting the paramedian line of facial structures. Correction of these defects involves bone and soft tissue reconstruction. The authors have developed a computer-aided sequential surgical procedure for oblique @entity2419 , including mandibular outer cortex autografting, medial canthal ligament reduction and fixation, and fat autografting. METHODS: From 2004 to 2013, 12 @entity1 (9 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) with oblique @entity2419 were treated with the 3-step procedure in our clinic. Mean @entity1 age at the first surgery was 18 years (range, 13-25 years). Preoperative three-dimensional surgical simulations assisted the surgeries. A retrospective review of @entity1 ' clinical, photographic, and radiographic records was performed. RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved significant treatment effects and high satisfaction. The @entity1 ' self-assessed scores on a 10-point scale of deformity severity were lower after surgery (P < 0.001) and remained stable after 6 to 12 months (P = 0.069). Good repositioning of the inner canthus was achieved (P < 0.001) with no significant relapse (P = 0.096). The mean (SD) recovery of mandibular donor sites was 48.44% (16.89%) (range, 11.03%-71.33%). Grafted bone absorption was not significantly different at different recipient sites. Only minor complications occurred in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This procedure was an effective treatment for oblique @entity2419 , resulting in high satisfaction, remarkable improvements in facial symmetry, little skin scarring, acceptable bone graft resorption, and dramatic recovery of mandibular donor sites. Computer-assisted surgical simulation effectively describes characteristic @entity85 and provides a useful guide to surgical reconstruction.

title: Computer-Assisted Design of Sequential Surgical Procedure for Oblique XXXX With Mandibular Outer Cortex Autografts.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['congenital craniofacial malformations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['facial clefts']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformities']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Facial Clefts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perinatal mortality is known to be high in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some @entity1 may carry a particularly high risk which would be reflected in a high recurrence risk. We aim to estimate the recurrence risk of perinatal @entity204 using data from a hospital in Northern Tanzania. METHODS: We constructed a cohort study using data from the hospital based KCMC Medical Birth Registry. @entity1 who delivered a singleton for the first time at the hospital between 2000 and 2008 were followed in the registry for subsequent deliveries up to 2010 and 3,909 @entity1 were identified with at least one more delivery within the follow-up period. Recurrence risk of perinatal @entity204 was estimated in multivariate models analysis while adjusting for confounders and accounting for correlation between births from the same mother. RESULTS: The recurrence risk of perinatal @entity204 for @entity1 who had lost a previous baby was 9.1%. This amounted to a relative risk of 3.2 (95% CI: 2.2 - 4.7) compared to the much lower risk of 2.8% for @entity1 who had had a surviving baby. Recurrence contributed 21.2% (31/146) of perinatal @entity204 in subsequent pregnancies. Preeclampsia, @entity5869 , @entity5030 , induced @entity3152 and low birth weight in a previous delivery with a surviving baby were also associated with increased perinatal mortality in the next pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Some @entity1 in Tanzanian who suffer a perinatal loss in one pregnancy are at a particularly high risk of also losing the baby of a subsequent pregnancy. Strategies of perinatal @entity204 prevention that target pregnant @entity1 who are particularly vulnerable or already have experienced a perinatal loss should be considered in future research.

title: Recurrence of perinatal XXXX in Northern Tanzania: a registry based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['labor, preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['placenta previa']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical characteristics, cardiac outcome and response to therapy of an Italian pediatric population affected with @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) in the last 15 years. METHODS: 135 @entity1 with @entity4789 (aged 2-14.9 years, mean 8.4+/-2.5 years) diagnosed from 1992 to 2006 at the Pediatric Rheumatology Centre of the University of Milan (Italy) were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 underwent physical examination, laboratory evaluation, electrocardiogram and echocardiography. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: group 1 - @entity1 with complete adherence to updated Jones criteria (107 @entity1 ), and group 2 - exceptions (28 @entity1 ). Echocardiographic criteria were used to confirm the presence of @entity2401 and to evaluate severity of mitral (MR) and @entity337 ( @entity337 ) at diagnosis and after treatment with @entity230 or @entity117 ( @entity1281 )/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). RESULTS: We observed a persistence of @entity4789 in the last 15 years (mean 9 new cases/year with a peak of 19 cases in 2000). @entity2401 and @entity625 were the main major criteria observed (102/135 and 71/135 @entity1 respectively), then @entity4790 (29/135), @entity5105 (8/135) and subcutaneous nodules (1/135). @entity625 and @entity4790 resolved completely with various therapies. At the last follow-up (> or =5 years) in group 1, loss of MR was observed in 46% @entity134 -treated (26/56 cases) and in 39% ASA/NSAID-treated (7/18 cases) @entity1 and loss of @entity337 in 59% @entity134 -treated (22/38) and 2/7 ASA/NSAID-treated @entity1 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Incidence of @entity4789 is clinically important currently in the area of northern Italy. Non-suppurative complications of @entity883 should be considered when deciding therapy in a pediatric @entity1 that presents with sore throat.

title: Clinical characteristics and cardiac outcome of XXXX in Italy in the last 15 years.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['erythema marginatum']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['carditis', 'Carditis']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['acute rheumatic fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated a modification of the critical time intervention (CTI) community case management model for homeless veterans with @entity1032 who were leaving Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatient care. CTI offers time-limited intensive case management designed to negotiate transitions from institutional settings to community living. METHODS: CTI was implemented at eight VA medical centers through a training program that used primarily teleconference-based case review. A comparison cohort (phase 1) of 278 @entity1 was recruited before CTI was implemented, and a treatment cohort (phase 2) of 206 @entity1 was recruited after implementation and offered CTI. Mixed-regression models were used to compare outcomes in phase 1 and phase 2 and controlled for baseline differences between @entity1 in the two phases. RESULTS: Measures of client service delivery show that CTI was successfully implemented at most sites. Phase 1 veterans had a better work history and more drug use at baseline than phase 2 clients had. Controlling for these differences, veterans in phase 2 on average had 19% more days housed in each 90-day reporting period over the one-year follow-up (p<.002) and 14% fewer days in institutional settings (p=.041). Veterans in phase 2 also had 19% lower Addiction Severity Index (ASI) @entity167 use scores (p<.001), 14% lower ASI drug use scores (p=.003), and 8% lower ASI @entity146 problem scores (p=.001). CONCLUSIONS: A sustained training program can be used to implement CTI in systems that have little past experience with this approach and can yield improved housing and mental health outcomes.

title: Outcomes of critical time intervention case management of homeless veterans after XXXX hospitalization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']