abstract: UNASSIGNED: Healthy lifestyles are integral in preventing and treating common cardiovascular and @entity209 . The aim of this study was to observe smoking habits, @entity285 intake, physical activity and body mass index over a 10-year period in a population-based cohort, particularly focusing on @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity6 . Included were 4155 @entity1 from the first (2001-2003) and second (2010-2011) follow-ups of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and @entity299 in Adults (SAPALDIA). Information was collected via health questionnaire; height and weight were measured. In a healthy lifestyle score one point was attributed per criterion; non-smoking, low risk @entity285 consumption, BMI<25kg/m(2), and regular physical activity. Overall in 2010-2011, 16.4% were smokers, 7.7% had at risk @entity285 consumption, 25.5% were physically inactive and 57.8% were overweight or @entity28 . Both those with @entity101 and @entity6 had lower mean healthy lifestyle scores than those without disease. @entity1 with incident @entity101 from 2001 to 2011 had lower odds of improving their healthy lifestyle score during this time period compared to those without this disease. In contrast, @entity1 with incident @entity6 had higher odds of lifestyle score improvement. In @entity1 , neither @entity101 nor @entity6 was associated with change in lifestyle score. Our findings suggest that, irrespective of disease status, preventative attention is needed, particularly in regards to physical activity and bodyweight. These needs could be met by population-based interventions, a necessary and suitable option in both preventing and treating the non-communicable disease @entity3082 which currently faces countries worldwide.

title: @entity101 , XXXX and lifestyle in the long-term - Results from a Swiss population-based cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Experimental studies were designed in order to ameliorate @entity900 -induced nephrotoxicity. @entity900 was injected intravenously into DS @entity19 at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg. Plasma @entity902 levels declined in a biphasic fashion and were undetectable after 5 days post-infusion. Renal @entity902 levels decreased in the same manner as the plasma levels and revealed detectable plateau levels 5 days after single injection. @entity900 was administer once a week for 3 consecutive weeks; serial plasma and renal @entity902 levels and BUN were measured 7 days after each injection. The results showed that there was no significant change in the levels of plasma @entity902 and BUN but that the renal @entity902 levels increased progressively (1.6 +/- 0.3, 3.1 +/- 0.4, 4.8 +/- 2.7 micrograms/g wet wt.). After another 6 successive weeks of @entity900 administration, 55% of @entity19 died. The renal @entity902 levels and BUN of the survivors were highly increased. The renal tissue revealed histologically @entity810 . However the renal concentration of @entity902 was decreased to a low level of 1.1 +/- 0.4 micrograms/g wet wt. 4 weeks after the third injection. These results suggested that @entity900 -induced nephrotoxicity could be ameliorated by adequate intervals of @entity900 administration.

title: [Studies on adequate intervals of XXXX administration to ameliorate @entity900 -induced nephrotoxicity].

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The possible consequences of activating @entity1812 (Bk) receptors on identified astrocyte subtypes derived from @entity35 cortex have been investigated in terms of: 1) mobilization of intracellular @entity141 ; and 2) electrophysiological response. Bk induced a rapid, transient rise in intracellular @entity141 in 63% of cortical type-1-like astrocytes and 44% of type-2 astrocytes tested. Experiments involving @entity141 -free conditions suggested that the release occurred largely from internal stores in both astrocyte subtypes. Bk receptor activation resulted in an inward current in approximately 10% of each astrocyte subtype tested using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. The use of perforated patch recording confirmed a similar population of cells responsive to Bk. The Bk-induced current was associated with a decrease in membrane conductance. The reversal potential was close to the K+ equilibrium potential, consistent with the closure of K+ channels. The current demonstrated similar EC50 values and Hill coefficients and also a marked degree of desensitization for both astrocyte subtypes. Recordings from type-1-like astrocytes indicated that the receptor mediating the electrophysiological response was of the B2 subtype. The data were consistent with the functional translation of Bk receptor occupation to physiological responses in distinct sub-populations of cortical type-1-like and type-2 astrocytes.

title: Calcium-mobilizing and electrophysiological effects of XXXX on cortical astrocyte subtypes in culture.

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) ratio (LNR) in patients with @entity0 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis is based on the data of 814 patientswith @entity0 treated with four cycles of @entity632 / @entity786 followed by four cycles of @entity1205 before surgery. We evaluated the clinical significance of LNR (3 categories: low 0-0.20 vs. intermediate 0.21-0.65 vs. high 0.66-1.00) using a Cox proportional regression model. RESULTS: A total of 799 patients underwent breast surgery. Pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0/isN0) was achieved in 129 patients (16.1%) (hormone receptor [HR] +/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [ @entity1722 ] -, 34/373 [9.1%]; @entity1722 +, 45/210 [21.4%]; triple negative @entity0 , 50/216 [23.1%]). The mean numbers of involved @entity1600 and retrieved @entity1600 were 2.70 (range, 0 to 42) and 13.98 (range, 1 to 64), respectively. The mean LNR was 0.17 (low, 574 [71.8%]; intermediate, 170 [21.3%]; high, 55 [6.9%]). In univariate analysis, LNR showed significant association with a worse relapse-free survival (3-year relapse-free survival rate 84.8% in low vs. 66.2% in intermediate vs. 54.3% in high; p < 0.001, log-rank test). In multivariate analysis, LNR did not show significant association with recurrence after adjusting for other clinical factors (age, histologic grade, subtype, ypT stage, ypN stage, lymphatic or vascular invasion, and pCR). In subgroup analysis, the LNR system had good prognostic value in HR+/ @entity1722 -subtype. CONCLUSION: LNR is not superior to ypN stage in predicting clinical outcome of @entity0 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, the prognostic value of the LNR system in HR+/ @entity1722 -patients is notable and worthy of further investigation.

title: Prognostic Value of Axillary Nodal Ratio after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of @entity632 / @entity786 Followed by XXXX in @entity0 : A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage II/III breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recently usage of @entity3446 as the primary immunosuppressant is widening among kidney transplant recipients. We reviewed the clinical follow-up of @entity1 transplanted at our center using @entity3446 protocols. METHODS: @entity3446 including primary immunosuppressive treatment protocols were begun in February 2002. Among the 21 @entity1 (15 @entity1 , six @entity1 ) who received @entity3446 , six @entity1 were prescribed @entity3446 + @entity617 ; seven, @entity3446 + @entity618 + @entity617 ; and eight, @entity3446 + @entity205 + @entity617 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 32.9 +/- 7.3 years and the mean posttransplantation follow-up, 13.2 +/- 4.5 months. RESULTS: Three @entity1 experienced acute rejection episodes, which were treated successfully with @entity230 . None of the @entity1 had either hematologic or wound healing problems. Lymphoceles developed in eight patients. Serum @entity1011 level was 1.4 +/- 0.5 mg/dL at 12 months. There was a serious increase in serum @entity165 and @entity412 levels starting from the first month posttransplant (total @entity165 levels pretransplant and at 1 month, respectively: 159.3 +/- 29.5 and 255.7 +/- 52.3 mg/dL, P = .0001; @entity1674 pretransplant and at 1 month, respectively: 146.9 +/- 89.5 and 215.1 +/- 102.5 mg/dL, P = .001). Despite routine antihyperlipemic treatment those high levels were maintained for 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: We achieved 100% graft and @entity1 survival rates for 1 year among @entity1 who were using @entity3446 . But the most important role in defining the morbidity and mortality in this group of @entity1 is cardiovascular events; for this reason the abnormalities in the lipid profile must be taken seriously.

title: XXXX as primary immunosuppression agent in kidney transplant recipients: Akdeniz University experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on Noguchi's classification, @entity420 with @entity133 ( @entity133 ) components have a heterogeneous prognosis. However, until now, the prognostic factors in this @entity5 category have not been clarified. OBJECTIVES: We studied the prognostic significance of high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings in this @entity5 subtype. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HRCT findings [lesion size, percentage of ground-glass opacity (GGO) areas in the lesion, presence or absence of lobulation, coarse spiculation, @entity456 , satellite lesion, air bronchogram, and site of the lesion], clinical data (age, gender and surgical method), and pathologic findings (degree of @entity5 differentiation and presence or absence of nodal @entity3 ) were analyzed in 52 consecutive @entity1 with @entity420 with @entity133 components <3 cm (mean, 1.7 cm). The @entity1 included 32 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 66 years. The results correlated with survival using univariate and multivariate analysis. The mean follow-up period was 41 months. RESULTS: Nine (17%) of the 52 @entity1 died of @entity2 . In univariate analysis, a significant difference was found for lobulation (p = 0.018), %GGO (p = 0.043), air bronchogram (p = 0.003), site of lesion (p = 0.034), degree of @entity5 differentiation (p = 0.001), and nodal @entity3 (p = 0.040). Multivariate analysis using the 6 factors that were significant in univariate analysis as independent variables revealed that an air bronchogram (p = 0.010) and the degree of @entity5 differentiation (p = 0.008) were significant independent factors for survival. CONCLUSION: The presence of an air bronchogram on HRCT may have an independent prognostic significance in @entity2220 with @entity133 components.

title: High-resolution CT features: prognostic significance in XXXX with @entity133 components.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinoma', 'BAC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural tag']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['peripheral lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: This report describes the results obtained in a double-blind, six week, prospective, randomized multicenter study. The efficacy, tolerability, and safety of @entity13079 (300-600 mg/d) were compared to those of @entity5081 (75-150 mg/d) in parallel groups of @entity1 with a @entity308 (DS-III). In addition, @entity1 were required to have a minimum baseline total score of 17 on the 17-item @entity308 (HAMD) (no run-in), 115 male or female outpatients (aged over 18 years) were randomly allocated to @entity13079 t.i.d. (n = 58) or to @entity5081 t.i.d. (n = 57). Demographic and illness characteristics were comparable in both treatment groups upon study entry. During the study the @entity1 were not required to avoid @entity6114 -rich foods but they were advised to take trial medication after meals. @entity1 were assessed for efficacy and tolerability on days 4, 11, 18, 25, 32, 39, and 46. Efficacy was judged primarily on the HAMD, the investigator's final overall assessment, and on the number of premature terminations associated with insufficient efficacy. No significant difference was observed between both groups. The mean % reduction of the HAMD at the end of treatment was 62.2 in the @entity13079 group and 61.2 in the @entity5081 group. The percentage of @entity1 in whom efficacy was globally judged as "good" or "very good" was 63.0% in the @entity13079 group and 58.5% in the @entity5081 group. Seventeen percent @entity13079 @entity1 and 21% of @entity5081 @entity1 did not complete because of insufficient efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity13079 compared with @entity5081 in treatment of major XXXX . A double-blind multicenter study with parallel groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Major Depressive Episode', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale']

entities_list: @entity5081 :: ('MESH:D008376', 'Chemical') :: ['maprotiline']

entities_list: @entity13079 :: ('MESH:D020912', 'Chemical') :: ['moclobemide']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   Esophageal atresia with or without @entity4501 (EA/ @entity41470 ) represents the most common developmental @entity600 of the upper digestive tract. It is classified into six subtypes according to the classification of Vogt, depending on anatomical variation of this @entity600 . Around 50% of the @entity1 with EA/ @entity41470 present additional anomalies, which often influence, next to the EA/ @entity41470 subtype, the overall prognosis of EA/ @entity41470 newborns. Here, we investigated the association of the different EA/ @entity41470 subtypes with co-occurring @entity154 in EA/ @entity41470 @entity1 and demonstrate their implications for postnatal diagnostic workup. Materials and Methods   We investigated 333 @entity1 of a large German multicenter study born between 1980 and 2012. After evaluation of all available clinical records, 235 @entity1 were included in our analysis. We compared our results with existing data. Results   The highest risk for co-occurring anomalies was seen in @entity1 with most common Vogt 3b (p   =   0.024), especially for additional @entity344 (p   =   0.04). Co-occurring anomalies of the skin were significantly more common in @entity1 with subtype Vogt 2 (p   =   0.024). A significant correlation was observed for an @entity245 and EA/ @entity41470 Vogt 3a (p   =   0.041). @entity1 with EA/ @entity41470 showed a higher risk to present with any additional @entity154 compared with the general population (p   <   0.001). Conclusion   Our results warrant thorough clinical workup for @entity344 especially in @entity1 with Vogt 3b. Moreover, it might be necessary to focus on a thorough aftercare for neurocognitive development in @entity1 with Vogt 3a. The here presented observations need to be confirmed by future studies.

title: Esophageal Atresia with or without @entity4501 (EA/ @entity41470 ): Association of Different EA/ @entity41470 Subtypes with Specific Co-occurring XXXX and Implications for Diagnostic Workup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['impaired neurodevelopmental outcome']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Congenital Anomalies']


abstract: It has been speculated whether the recently developed non-sedating antihistamines may possess other properties than merely being antagonists at the H1-receptors. To investigate this suggestion 12 @entity1 with strictly @entity2023 participated in a double-blind placebo controlled randomized cross-over study outside the pollen season. At steady state levels of 10 mg @entity4255 , a new non-sedating antihistamine, the @entity1 were challenged with @entity2710 . This was followed by a nasal challenge with increasing doses of allergen. 24 h later the @entity1 were rechallenged nasally with the same @entity2710 dose as the day before. The volume of the @entity2710 -induced nasal secretion was measured and the response to allergen was determined by scoring technique. In returned nasal lavage fluid the levels of @entity112 and @entity17703 -esterase activity were measured. It was found that @entity4255 significantly reduced the immediate allergic nasal symptoms compared with placebo (P less than 0.01). @entity4255 also reduced the allergen-induced release of @entity112 into the nasal cavity after the strongest allergen dose, from 9.6 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SEM) to 6.4 +/- 1.4 ng/ml (P less than 0.05). A similar decrease in the @entity17703 -esterase activity after treatment with @entity4255 was observed. The @entity17703 -esterase activity decreased from 11.6 *10(3) +/- 2.47 *10(3) to 5.60 *10(3) +/- 1.45 *10(3) CMP (P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes between the active and placebo treatments regarding the @entity2710 -induced secretory response. This was true for the initial @entity2710 challenge as well as the secretory response 24 h later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Suppressive effect of @entity4255 on allergen-induced XXXX release in the nose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity4255 :: ('MESH:D017336', 'Chemical') :: ['loratadine', 'Loratadine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity49 of the pancreatic graft is the main nonimmunological cause of the loss of transplants. It has a frequency between 0.8 to 20% according to literature. In this study our team tried to identify the risk factors related to the donor, the recipient including the surgical techniques involved. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Department of Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Strasbourg-Hautepierre. 37 @entity1 , with @entity1723 who had been submitted to 7 transplantations of @entity5409 09.07.1992 and 14.08.2006 were included in the study. The surgery comprised the retroperitoneal placement of the @entity1494 . RESULTS: In the immediate evolution we observed 4 @entity715 (10.5%). All 4 @entity715 were in the group of kidney and total pancreas transplantations. Two of these 4 @entity1 were retransplanted and presented recurrence of @entity715 at 17 days and 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: To prevent @entity715 , it is necessary to perform surgery which avoids unnecessary handling and which ensures broad, @entity2701 free vascular anastomoses. The method of early monitoring by pulsed Doppler related to the biological data and the clinical state are suggestive to diagnose @entity715 . The @entity49 of the graft implies pancreatic explantation. Retransplantation in @entity1 who have undergone @entity715 of the graft is possible only in well selected @entity1 .

title: The XXXX of the pancreatic graft.

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['segmentary pancreas and 30 of total pancreas and kidney during']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas and kidney and the anastomosis with the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1579 are a group of invariably fatal @entity179 affecting @entity1 and a wide range of mammals. An essential part of the infectious agent, termed the prion, is composed of an abnormal isoform (PrPSc) of a host-encoded normal cellular protein ( @entity3669 ). The conversion of @entity3669 to PrPSc is thought to play a crucial role in the development of @entity1579 and leads to PrPSc deposition, mainly in the central nervous system. @entity13895 ( @entity13895 ), the most common form of @entity1 @entity1579 , presents with a marked clinical heterogeneity. This diversity is accompanied by a molecular signature which can be defined by histological, biochemical, and genetic means. The molecular classification of @entity13895 is an important tool to aid in the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and the development of therapy protocols. Comparability of classifications is hampered by disparity of applied methods and inter-observer variability. METHODS AND FINDINGS: To overcome these difficulties, we developed a new quantification protocol for PrPSc by using internal standards on each Western blot, which allows for generation and direct comparison of individual PrPSc profiles. By studying PrPSc profiles and PrPSc type expression within nine defined central nervous system areas of 50 @entity1 with @entity13895 , we were able to show distinct PrPSc distribution patterns in diverse subtypes of @entity13895 . Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate the co-existence of more than one PrPSc type in individuals with @entity13895 in about 20% of all @entity1 and in more than 50% of @entity1 heterozygous for a polymorphism on codon 129 of the gene encoding the @entity3669 ( @entity3669 ). CONCLUSION: PrPSc profiling represents a valuable tool for the molecular classification of @entity1 @entity1579 and has important implications for their diagnosis by brain biopsy. Our results show that the co-existence of more than one PrPSc type might be influenced by genetic and brain region-specific determinants. These findings provide valuable insights into the generation of distinct PrPSc types.

title: Analysis of prion strains by PrPSc profiling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion disease', 'prion diseases', 'Prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity3669 :: ('5621', 'Gene') :: ['prion protein', 'PrPC', 'PRNP']

entities_list: @entity13895 :: ('MESH:C565143', 'Disease') :: ['Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'sCJD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

answer: @entity13895 :: (MESH:C565143,Disease) :: ['sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1945 and @entity3003 are active in relapsed @entity43 , but attempts to combine these agents are limited by myelotoxicity. This phase I/II trial combined weekly @entity1945 , which is less myelosuppressive than the standard 5-day regimen, with @entity3003 in @entity1 with potentially @entity902 -sensitive relapsed @entity43 (PS-OVCa/PCa). METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had PS-OVCa/PCa, performance status 0-2, and normal bone marrow, @entity177 . On day 1 of a 21-day cycle, @entity1 received @entity3003 (area under the curve [AUC] 5) followed by @entity1945 2.0 mg/m2, both via 30-min intravenous infusion. @entity1945 2.0 mg/m2 also was administered on days 8 and 15. Treatment was withheld for @entity1398 or @entity882 on day 8 or 15. Dose escalation was planned. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 received a total of 115 (median, 6) cycles of chemotherapy. With @entity3003 AUC 4, @entity1398 prevented dose escalation of @entity1945 ; hematologic @entity137 caused 34/105 (32%) weekly treatments to be withheld. However, @entity3003 could be dose escalated to AUC 5 when the day 15 dose of @entity1945 was withheld. In the intent-to-treat population, there were 4 (24%) complete and 9 (53%) partial responses, 2 (12%) @entity1 (at the @entity3003 AUC 4 dose) with stable disease, and 2 (12%) nonevaluable @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity3003 (AUC 5) on day 1 in combination with @entity1945 2.0 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle is well tolerated and active in @entity1 with PS-OVCa/PCa. A phase II trial comparing this with other @entity3003 therapeutic doublets in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 is warranted.

title: A phase I/II trial of weekly @entity1945 and @entity3003 in potentially @entity902 -sensitive relapsed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal, and hepatic functions']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['Topotecan', 'topotecan']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) cells like prothymocytes and immunoactivated T-lymphocytes are readily lysed in vitro by pharmacological concentrations of glucocorticoids such as @entity701 , whereas peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymocytes are unaffected by the hormone. In this study, metabolic and ultrastructural aspects of the @entity701 -induced killing process of @entity1072 cells are recorded. In vitro lysis was found to be temperature dependent and was detected only after 6 to 8 hr incubation with @entity701 by means of the @entity3460 exclusion test. However, 30 min of incubation with @entity701 at either 37 degrees or 4 degrees followed by the removal of the hormone was still sufficient to induce the lytic process. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated sequential changes in the cytoplasm, including swelling of mitochondria and cytoplasmic decompartmentalization, followed by loss of surface microvilli with the appearance of "holes" in the cell membrane, and subsequent condensation of nuclear chromatin. The large holes in the membrane appearing after 6 hr of incubation with the hormone may be the cause for the penetration of the viable stain into the dead cells, as seen by light microscopy. Addition of metabolic inhibitors including @entity4316 , @entity5808 , and @entity1880 following administration of @entity701 resulted in inhibition of the cell lysis. An excess of an antagonist such as @entity4419 was found to inhibit the @entity701 -induced cytolysis of the @entity1072 cells. It is suggested that the glucocorticoid-induced lysis of @entity1 @entity1072 cells is similar to the phenomenon observed in @entity35 or @entity19 lymphocytes and is mediated by interaction of the @entity134 molecule with the cytoplasmic receptor. The resulting complex appears to activate specific gene(s) the products of which eventually cause cytolysis.

title: Metabolic and ultrastructural aspects of the in vitro lysis of XXXX cells by glucocorticoids.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity4419 :: ('MESH:D003350', 'Chemical') :: ['cortexolone']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1342 is frequently used for local anesthesia in the clinic and is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in the liver. CYP450 polymorphisms may alter the therapeutic efficacy of drugs in @entity1 . In this study, we selected six CYP450 polymorphisms from the dbSNP and HapMap databases, using a combination of functional analysis and Tag SNP strategies and examined these polymorphisms for association with the efficacy of epidural @entity1342 in @entity1 during mastectomy. METHODS: A total of 256 @entity1 with @entity0 received thoracic epidural anesthesia with @entity1342 for elective mastectomy with axillary lymph node clearance. Blood samples from @entity1 were genotyped using the SNaPshot method. RESULTS: We found that @entity1 with @entity58655 AG and GG genotypes required lower doses of epidural @entity1342 than @entity1 with the AA genotype (corrected P   =   0.024 and P   <   0.001, respectively). Similarly, @entity1 with @entity58656 CG and GG genotypes required lower doses of epidural @entity1342 than those with the CC genotype (corrected P   =   0.018 and P   <   0.001, respectively). There was no statistically significant association between the other four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and total or mean @entity1342 dose, the onset of @entity1342 , or the initial dose of @entity3303 . CONCLUSIONS: Our present data demonstrate that @entity4914   SNPs @entity58655 and @entity58656 alter the sensitivity of epidural @entity1342 in @entity1 undergoing @entity0 surgery. As such, detection of these two @entity4914   SNPs may aid in the development of effective personalized treatments for @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Association of CYP450 single nucleotide polymorphisms with the efficacy of epidural XXXX during mastectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine', 'Ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Allogeneic transplantation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells is a frequently discussed therapeutic option in the treatment of @entity706 . By analysing the results of our own transplant program in @entity1 with @entity706 we tried to evaluate indications for allogeneic transplantations. METHODS: Data from @entity706 @entity1 treated at the Klinikum Grosshadern between 1985 and 2001 were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: 56 @entity1 were included. 24 @entity1 had low grade @entity706 ( @entity706 ) ( @entity706 : n = 8, @entity1073 : n = 6) or @entity1072 ( @entity1072 : n = 10), 16 @entity1 had high grade @entity706 (immunoblastic/lymphoblastic: n = 5; large cell/diffuse: n = 5) and 8 @entity1 suffered from @entity978 . Median age was 41 years, 34 @entity1 were transplanted from an HLA-identical sibling, 19 from an HLA-id. unrelated donor and three from an HLA-mismatched related donor. 30 @entity1 received bone marrow and 26 peripheral blood stem cells. 22 pat. were treated with an intensive 12 Gy TBI containing conditioning regimen, whereas 34 @entity1 were treated with a dose-intensity reduced conditioning procedere. 25 @entity1 are alive between 2 month and 15 years after transplantation. Overall survival after 2 years is 48 % for @entity1 with low grade @entity706 (incl. @entity1072 ), 9.3 % for @entity1 with high @entity706 and 25 % for @entity1 with @entity978 . 1-year-transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 33.9 % in all @entity1 . Dose-intensity-reduced conditioning was not able to reduce TRM. CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic bone marrow or stem cell transplantation is able to induce long lasting complete remissions in @entity1 with heavily pretreated @entity706 . Results of allogeneic transplantation are encouraging in @entity1 with follicular and other @entity1893 . However transplant-related @entity137 is high. At present the impact of reducing the intensity of conditioning is not yet clear.

title: [Allogeneic transplantation in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'grade lymphoma', 'NHL', "Non-Hogdkin's lymphoma", 'advanced lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low grade lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkins's disease", "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ), similar to those used for clinical lithotripsy, can deposit energy deep in tissue and thereby destroy the microvasculature of solid @entity5 . We investigated the potential of @entity1457 , generated by an electromagnetic shockwave source (19 kV capacitor voltage, 1 Hz pulse frequency), as a @entity5 -therapy modality alone and in combination with local @entity5 @entity221 (43.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C, 30 min). Copenhagen @entity35 transplanted with the anaplastic @entity263 sub-line R3327- @entity1809 received 1000 @entity1457 pulses, which delayed @entity5 growth by one @entity5 -doubling time (5 days). Histopathology revealed @entity548 , disruption of @entity5 vasculature, and @entity39 in the focus of the sound field. @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation was significantly lower in @entity1457 -treated @entity5 than in controls. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies using @entity7241 as contrast agent showed a strong reduction of @entity5 perfusion after @entity1457 treatment, although this effect was partly reversible within 3 days after @entity1457 . While @entity221 alone produced no significant delay in @entity5 growth, the combination of @entity1457 and @entity221 produced @entity5 -growth delay by 2 @entity5 -volume-doubling times. The maximum growth delay was achieved when @entity1457 and @entity221 were separated by 24 hr at the time of maximum perfusion reduction indicated by MRI. Thus, the cytotoxic effect of @entity1457 was enhanced by @entity221 in the anaplastic @entity263 R3327- @entity1809 grown on Copenhagen @entity35 in a synergistic manner, due to blood-flow reduction. In conjunction with other agents, such as @entity221 , @entity1457 might become a @entity5 -therapy modality in solid @entity5 accessible to ultrasound.

title: Synergistic interaction of ultrasonic shock waves and @entity221 in the XXXX R3327- @entity1809 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BUdR', 'Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Dunning-prostate-tumor', 'prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Pulsed high-energy ultrasound shock waves', 'PHEUS']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Dunning prostate tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2826 herpesvirus ( @entity16102 ) causes @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ), primary @entity30807 , and multicentric @entity12692 in immunocompromised @entity1 including allograft recipients. Detection of @entity16102 DNA in blood, as well as host genetic polymorphisms has been found to be associated with an increased risk for @entity2826 . We investigated an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) gene region and @entity16102 @entity646 in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: In total, 152 KTR who have survived kidney transplantation for at least 6  months were included in the study. @entity16102 @entity646 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotyping of SNPs in the @entity7 region was performed by PCR and direct sequencing, as well as by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: @entity16102 DNA was detected in 28.9% (n  =  44) of the study population. The A-allele at position @entity61824 @entity7 gene promoter region was found to be associated with @entity16102 @entity646 (odd ratio [OR]  =  4.8, P  =  0.005). In addition, the G-allele at position @entity24277 in the 5'-untranslated region was associated with @entity16102 @entity646 in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 (OR  =  3.98, P  =  0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an association of @entity7 polymorphisms with @entity16102 @entity646 among KTR in this study population. A limitation of our study is that the results can only be predicated for @entity1 6  months after kidney transplantation and should be validated in another cohort with larger sample size.

title: @entity7 polymorphism and risk of XXXX herpesvirus @entity646 in kidney allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", 'KS']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFA', 'vascular endothelial growth factor A']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity30807 :: ('MESH:D054685', 'Disease') :: ['effusion lymphoma']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: Here, the @entity286 ( @entity286 ) day-neutral (DN) cv. @entity286 transformed with the @entity6739 mitotic activator gene Spcdc25 was used to study the onset of flowering. @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and cdc25 plants were grown from seeds in vitro until they were 20 cm high. Apical and basal nodes were then subcultured repeatedly and the regenerated plants were used to document time to flowering and the number of leaves formed before flowering. Three @entity969 treatments (3, 5 or 7% (weight/volume)) were used and measurements of leaf endogenous soluble @entity3363 were performed. In the 3% treatment, cdc25 plants flowered but @entity164 plants did not. The higher @entity969 treatments enabled @entity164 flowering; two-thirds of the plants flowered at 5%, while all plants flowered at 7% @entity969 . However, in all treatments, cdc25 plants exhibited significantly earlier flowering and fewer leaves compared with wild type. Remarkably, a typical acropetal flowering gradient in @entity164 plants did not occur in cdc25 plants. In cdc25 leaves, there were significantly higher amounts of endogenous @entity3363 with a higher proportion of @entity969 compared with @entity164 . Our data demonstrate that Spcdc25 expression and @entity969 act synergistically to induce precocious flowering.

title: The XXXX mitotic activator cdc25 and @entity969 induce early flowering synergistically in the day-neutral @entity286 cv. @entity286 .

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Samsun', 'Nicotiana tabacum', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['sugars', 'carbohydrates']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 , @entity5414 ( @entity5414 ) of the hip is either primary or concomitant with @entity697 ( @entity697 ). However, seldom, @entity1 with isolated @entity5414 at presentation, may later show @entity4034 in the metaphysis. The aim of this study was to elaborate a physiopathological hypothesis based on the peculiar MRI findings to explain the onset of @entity697 after @entity5414 . METHODS: Cases of acute infection of the hip admitted between January 2010 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed to assess radiographic and MRI features, as well as bacteriological findings. Only @entity1 with isolated @entity5414 were included in this study, whereas cases of concomitant @entity5414 and @entity697 at presentation were excluded. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Six (1-11 months) demonstrated, on the initial MRI, decreased perfusion on @entity2287 enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted sequence of the femoral epiphysis and developed one month later metaphyseal @entity697 . Four (5-14 years) did not show decreased perfusion and did not develop @entity697 on follow-up. The type of germ involved influenced neither the type of enhancement pattern nor the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Age under one year and decreased perfusion of the affected femoral epiphysis increases the risk of secondary @entity697 . Our study is the first report in @entity1 medicine supporting the physiopathological hypothesis described by Alderson et al. in an animal model: primary infection can originally affect the joint, then penetrate the epiphyseal cartilage, and finally spread into the metaphyseal region through transphyseal vessels present only in the first 12/18  months of life.

title: Concomitant XXXX and @entity4034 of the hip in young @entity1 ; a new pathophysiological hypothesis suggested by MRI enhancement pattern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute haematogenous osteomyelitis', 'AHO']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'SA']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['septic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8518 is an @entity74 resulting in an impaired transport of @entity1434 trough the lysosomal membrane causing an accumulation of free @entity1434 in lysosomes. The only specific treatment for @entity8518 is @entity8488 . This study was aimed to describe the relationship between @entity8488 plasma concentrations and white blood cell @entity1434 levels, and to simulate an optimized administration scheme to improve the management of @entity1 with @entity8518 . METHODS: @entity8488 and @entity1434 concentrations were measured in 69 @entity8518 @entity1 . A total of 250 @entity8488 plasma concentrations and 243 intracellular @entity1434 concentrations were used to perform a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. An optimized administration scheme was simulated in order to maintain @entity1434 levels below 1 nmol @entity462 /mg of protein and to investigate the possibility of administrating the treatment less than 4 times a day (QID, recommended). The current dosing recommendations are 1.3 g/m2/day for less than 50 kg BW and 2 g/day thereafter; the maximum dose should not exceed 1.95 g/m2/day. RESULTS: @entity8488 concentrations were satisfactorily described by a one-compartment model. Parameter estimates were standardized for a mean standard bodyweight using an allometric model. WBC @entity1434 levels were adequately described by an indirect response model where the first-order removal rate constant is stimulated by the @entity8488 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: According to simulations, in order to increase the percentage of @entity1 with @entity1434 levels below 1 nmol @entity462 /mg of protein, the current dosages could be changed as follows: 80 mg/kg/day (QID) from 10 to 17 kg, 70 mg/kg/day (QID) from 17 to 25 kg, 60 mg/kg/day (QID) from 25 to 40 kg and 50 mg/kg/day (QID) from 40 to 70 kg (these dosages remain under the maximum recommended dose). However an 8-hourly daily treatment (TID) did not provide acceptable @entity1434 levels and should not be proposed.

title: Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of XXXX in @entity8518 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['half-cystine']

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteamine', 'Cysteamine', 'cysteamine bitartrate']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['cystinosis', 'nephropathic cystinosis', 'Nephropathic cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

answer: @entity8488 :: (MESH:D003543,Chemical) :: ['cysteamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2265 is an independent risk factor for mortality in hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 . The relative importance of HD frequency and duration for @entity1391 removal is not clear. @entity851 ( @entity851 ) is a form of HD which offers increased treatment frequency. @entity851 studies have not been shown to normalize serum @entity1391 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 were converted from @entity2033 ( @entity2033 , 4 h/session) to @entity851 (2 - 3.75 h/session, 5 - 6 sessions per week). The primary endpoint was the change in predialysis serum @entity1391 levels after conversion from @entity2033 to @entity851 . Changes in serum @entity460 levels, @entity1391 binder and @entity560 analogue usage, and serum @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels were measured as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Mean duration of @entity851 was 17.7 +/- 1.9 months. Mean treatment time was 2.63 +/- 0.10 h, and mean frequency was 5.3 +/- 0.1 sessions per week. Predialysis serum @entity1391 decreased from 1.99 +/- 0.12 mM at three months pre conversion to 1.27 +/- 0.10 mM at six months post conversion to @entity851 (p = 0.002). Serum @entity1391 remained stable between six and 12 months post conversion (1.27 +/- 0.10 mM to 1.38 +/- 0.14 mM, p = 0.8). When @entity1 were grouped according to @entity851 sessional frequency (five sessions/week versus six sessions/week) and compared, no significant differences were found in predialysis serum @entity1391 levels at six or 12 months post conversion. There were no changes in serum @entity460 . Overall @entity1391 binder usage did not change pre and post conversion to @entity851 . Serum @entity461 tended to decrease after one year of @entity851 (44.2 +/- 13.4 pM to 21.4 +/- 5.9 pM, p = 0.07). CONCLUSION: Conversion to @entity851 significantly decreased serum @entity1391 . There may be a minimum hemodialysis duration below which increases in frequency are not able to compensate to achieve normal @entity1391 levels. Future studies are necessary to better characterize the relationship between HD duration and frequency with respect to @entity1391 removal.

title: Improvements in XXXX control with short daily in-center hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['SDHD', 'Short daily hemodialysis']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'conventional thrice weekly HD']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For this report, the authors analyzed the spread pattern of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ) by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, the efficacy of selective neck irradiation was assessed based on the volume irradiated. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of data from 924 @entity1 with newly diagnosed and nondisseminated @entity189 who underwent MRI and treatment between January 2003 and December 2004. RESULTS: According to the criteria for involved LNs detected by MRI, the incidence of @entity1600 @entity3 was 85.1% (786 of 924 @entity1 ). An analysis of the distribution of @entity1600 @entity3 in these 786 @entity1 demonstrated that the retropharyngeal LNs (RLN) and Level II LNs were the most frequently involved regions, followed in order by Level III and Level V LNs, Level IV LNs, and supraclavicular fossa (SCF) LNs. In only 4 of 786 @entity1 (0.5%) did metastasis skip LNs in their progression. In addition, 5 of 354 @entity1 (1.4%) who had unilateral, higher level @entity1600 @entity3 (including RLNs and Level II LNs) had contralateral or bilateral, lower level @entity1600 involvement (including Level III, Level IV, Level V, and SCF LNs). In @entity1 who had @entity1600 -negative (N0) disease, the risks of regional recurrence and distant metastasis did not differ statistically between @entity1 with inferior border of the neck irradiation field either at the cricoid cartilage or below the cricoid cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: By using MRI, @entity1600 @entity3 spread in an orderly fashion from higher level LNs to lower level LNs. The current results did not support prophylactic irradiation of Level IV and SCF LNs in @entity1 who were negative for @entity1600 @entity3 , and these concepts need to be tested clinically before they may be recommended generally.

title: The volume to be irradiated during selective neck irradiation in XXXX : analysis of the spread patterns in lymph nodes by magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been performed as a novel endoscopic procedure to treat @entity1318 with favorable outcome. The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of POEM in our initial series and to assess the safety and efficacy of POEM in a variety of esophageal motility-related clinical problems. METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving all @entity1 with @entity4423 defined by the Chicago classification, who had undergone consideration for POEM at our institution. Validated questionnaires such as @entity354 ( @entity354 ), @entity304 ( @entity304 ) and @entity1318 disease-specific health-related quality of life were obtained pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: From January 2013 to October 2014, a total of 35 POEMs ( @entity1318 n  =  25, @entity1318 n  =  10) were performed on 33 @entity1 (female n  =  20, male n  =  13, mean age 56.9  years). There was no mortality. The rate of inadvertent mucosotomy was 17.1  %. The rate of complications requiring interventions was 5.7  %. During a mean follow-up period of 7  months (range 0.5-17), 92  % of @entity1 with @entity1318 and 75  % of those with @entity1318 motility disorders had a symptomatic improvement in @entity1282 . @entity662 was completely resolved in all @entity1 with @entity1318 (8/8) and 80  % of @entity1 with @entity1318 (4/5). The @entity354 , @entity304 and @entity1282 scores significantly improved after POEM in @entity1 with @entity1318 . There was a significant improvement in @entity354 , and a trend toward lower @entity1282 score in @entity1 with @entity1318 . CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of POEM to treat @entity1318 and @entity1318 motility disorders is consistent with previous studies. Potential benefit of POEM includes not only its flexibility to adjust the length and location of myotomy but also the ability to extend @entity4094 without thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. POEM can be combined with laparoscopic procedures and used as "salvage" for localized @entity4423 .

title: A utility of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) across the spectrum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'non-achalasia']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['myotomy proximally']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'reflux symptom index']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality of life', 'GERD-HRQL and RSI scores', 'GERD-HRQL']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal motility disorders', 'esophageal dysmotility']

answer: @entity4423 :: (MESH:D015154,Disease) :: ['esophageal motility disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH) is a painful nodule that often interferes with sleep and occurs on the helix or antihelix of the ear in older @entity1 . Although several case reports describe a variety of seemingly effective surgical and conservative treatment options, well-studied treatment modalities have varying efficacy rates and can often demonstrate disappointing results. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2% topical @entity1242 for the treatment of CNH. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed in 12 @entity1 given the diagnosis of CNH who received 2% topical @entity1242 twice daily for therapy. Therapeutic efficacy was determined by identifying improvement in the appearance and symptomatology of the lesion. RESULTS: A total of 13 lesions in 12 @entity1 were treated, with 12 (92%) lesions demonstrating improvement with the use of topical @entity1242 . Eight of 13 (61.5%) CNH lesions developed complete clearance and resolution of symptoms, requiring no further treatment. Four of 13 (30.8%) lesions were found to have only symptomatic improvement, and these @entity1 continued to use the ointment as needed. One of 12 (8.3%) @entity1 found no benefit with the treatment but had also failed multiple other treatments modalities. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include the small number of @entity1 treated and the retrospective nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity1242 demonstrated efficacy in treating both the symptoms and lesional appearance of @entity52565 in a noninvasive manner, with an overall success rate that is comparable with other published methods.

title: Topical XXXX : a promising treatment option for chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: The value of @entity66 clinics (PLCs) for the early detection and treatment of @entity320 has been questioned. We have examined the effect of the introduction of a PLC on the referral interval between @entity1 with @entity320 presenting to their general practitioner (GP) and their attendance at hospital. The case notes of all @entity1 presenting with @entity320 in Leicestershire between 1984 and 1994 were reviewed. There was a significant initial reduction in the mean referral interval following the introduction of the PLC from 27.9 days (SEM = 6.6) in 1984 to 11.3 (2.3) days in 1987 (P < 0.01). However, the referral interval gradually rose over the following 7 years to a mean of 20.4 (4.4) days in 1994, which was not significantly better than the 1985/86 level. The increase in the referral interval was due to a greater percentage of @entity320 being referred to clinics other than the PLC. Only 48% of @entity320 were referred to the PLC in 1994 compared with 70% in 1987. We also reviewed the referral letters for those @entity1 presenting in 1991 and 1994, and decided, on the basis of the content of the letter, whether the GP had suspected the diagnosis of @entity320 . More than 50% of the @entity320 were correctly diagnosed by the GP, but only half of these were then appropriately referred to the PLC. We believe that PLCs are of value in the early diagnosis and treatment of @entity320 , but only if they are appropriately utilized by GPs.

title: The effect of the introduction of a XXXX clinic on the interval between referral by family practitioner and attendance at hospital.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesion']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pigmented lesion']


abstract: Purpose: To analyze the effects of different processes during bonding on endogenous @entity462 cathepsin activity in dentin. Materials and Methods: Dentin powder, prepared from extracted @entity1 third molars, was divided into 10 groups. Two lots of dentin powder were used to detect the effects of the procedure of protein extraction on endogenous cathepsin activity. The others were used to study effects of different acid-etching or adhesive treatments on enzyme activity. Concentrations of 37% @entity8718 or 10% @entity8718 , two etch-and-rinse adhesive systems, and two self-etching adhesive systems were used as dentin powder treatments. The untreated mineralized dentin powder was set as the control. After treatment, the proteins of each group were extracted. The total cathepsin activity in the extracts of each group was monitored with a fluorescence reader. Results: In the control group, there were no significant differences in cathepsin activity between the protein extract before @entity1098 treatment and the protein extract after @entity1098 treatment (p > 0.05). The cathepsin activities of the three different extracts in the 37% @entity8718 -treated group were different from each other (p < 0.05). The two acid-etching groups and two etch-and-rinse groups showed significant enzyme activity reduction vs the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between those four groups (p > 0.05). Treating the dentin powder with any of the two self-etching adhesives resulted in an increase in cathepsin activity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The activity of @entity462 cathepsins can be detected in dentin powder. Treatment with @entity1098 during protein extraction exerted an influence on cathepsin activity. Acid etching or etch-and-rinse adhesive systems may reduce the activity of endogenous cathepsins in dentin. Self-etching adhesive systems may increase the enzyme activity.

title: Effects of Acid Etching and Adhesive Treatments on Host-derived XXXX Cathepsin Activity in Dentin.

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['Cysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of oral @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) and enema is effective in treatment of mild-moderate forms of @entity31 . However no study has been aimed at determining optimal duration of this association in active @entity31 . AIM: To determine whether longer duration of therapy: 1. increases the rate of @entity1 achieving remission, and 2. reduces relapse rate during the maintenance period in @entity1 in remission. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 149 @entity1 , (89 male, 60 female), were randomly assigned to a regimen with @entity2983 tablets 2.4 g/day associated with 5-aminosalycilic enema 2 g/day for a 4-week (n = 73) or 8-week regimen (n = 76). After this acute therapy, @entity1 were submitted to clinical, endoscopic and histological examinations and those in remission were assigned to a follow-up (maintenance) period with oral @entity2983 alone at a dosage of 1.2 g/day. A clinical visit, including laboratory tests, at 6 months and an endoscopic-histological control at 12 months were carried out to exclude symptoms and endoscopic-histological signs of activity. @entity66 , i.e., presence of clinical symptoms or abnormal laboratory tests, was confirmed by endoscopy and histology. RESULTS: At end of acute phase, clinical, endoscopic and histological remission was comparable in the two groups: 42/76 (55%), in the 4-week, and 47/73 @entity1 (64%), in the 8-week regimen. No difference was found stratifying @entity1 according to extension of disease. Of these 89 @entity1 in remission, 75 (34 from 4-week regimen; 41 from 8-week regimen) completed 12 months' follow-up. At end of follow-up, a similar percentage of @entity1 in the 4-week regimen (50%) and 8-week regimen (51%) were still in remission. No significant difference between cumulative relapse rates of the two groups was found. Stratifying @entity1 according to extension of disease, in the 8-week regimen group, those with left-sided @entity1960 showed a higher remission rate than that of @entity1 with @entity1960 (66% versus 35%, p < 0.05). All regimens were well tolerated by most @entity1 during the entire study period. CONCLUSIONS: An additional 4 weeks of topical treatment does not increase the remission rate in @entity1 with mild-moderate active @entity31 but seems to reduce the probability of relapse in @entity1 with left-sided @entity1960 .

title: Oral and topical XXXX ( @entity2983 ) in inducing and maintaining remission in mild-moderate relapse of @entity31 : one-year randomised multicentre trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Relapse of disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'diffuse colitis']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalazine']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']


abstract: Neurofibrillary changes throughout the brain were investigated for three relatives who carried the Swedish APP(670, 671) mutation which causes overproduction of Abeta40 and Abeta42. They differed in terms of @entity2204 genotype, age at the onset of @entity303 , and disease duration (P1: epsilon2/3, age 57, 11 years; P2: epsilon2/3, age 61, 5 years; P3: epsilon4/4, age 44, 12 years). For each subject, paraffin-embedded sections from diverse anatomically and cytoarchitectonically well-preserved regions were stained using the modified Bielschowsky method. @entity3072 ( @entity3072 ) and @entity527 ( @entity527 ) were counted, and the area occupied by plaque estimated (% @entity527 ). In addition, sections from the medial frontal gyrus were stained with monoclonal antibodies to @entity2204 . The regional patterns of neurofibrillary changes were consistent with those for late-onset @entity195 . Longer disease duration was associated with further accumulations in earlier-affected areas, with superficial cortical layers consistently containing higher % @entity527 than deep layers. @entity2204 epsilon4/4 was associated with deeper limbic and frontal @entity3072 , with an excess of @entity527 (especially in the outer parietal cortex) which stained heavily for @entity2204 - as well as with very early onset. APP(670, 671) mutation carriers demonstrate regional brain neurofibrillary changes characteristic of late-onset @entity195 with evidence for more Abeta deposition for epsilon4/4 than epsilon2/3. This raises the possibility that early Braak Stage I-II lesions might also follow this pattern of promotion.

title: XXXX polymorphism and clinical duration determine regional neuropathology in Swedish APP(670, 671) mutation carriers: implications for late-onset @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibrillary tangles', 'NFT']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE']


abstract: A lasting dream of @entity1 beings is to reverse or postpone aging. In this study, @entity11455 ( @entity61839 ) and compound @entity535 (AA) in Mesotherapy were investigated for their potential antiaging effects on @entity3649 induced aging skin. At 18 days after D-gal induction, each @entity35 was treated with intradermal microinjection of saline, AA, 0.1% @entity61839 , 0.2% @entity61839 , 0.1% @entity61839 + AA, or 0.2% @entity61839 + AA, respectively. At 42 days after treatment, the skin wound was harvested and assayed. Measurement of epidermal and dermal thickness in 0.1% @entity61839 + AA and 0.2% @entity61839 + AA groups appeared significantly thicker than aging control @entity35 . No differences were found in tissue water content among groups. @entity720 in 0.1% @entity61839 + AA, 0.2% @entity61839 + AA, and sham control groups was much higher than all other groups. Collagen type I, type III, and @entity17533 expression was highly upregulated in both 0.1% @entity61839 + AA and 0.2% @entity61839 + AA groups compared with aging control. In contrast, @entity6930 expression levels of various aging groups were significantly reduced when compared to sham control. Coinjection of @entity61839 and AA into target tissue has marked antiaging effects on @entity3649 induced skin aging model of @entity35 .

title: Effects of @entity11455 and compound @entity535 on XXXX induced skin aging model of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity11455 :: ('MESH:D003642', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylaminoethanol']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactose']

answer: @entity3649 :: (MESH:D005690,Chemical) :: ['D-galactose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A circular @entity121 preserving the longitudinal outer esophageal muscular layer is often recommended during peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for @entity1318 . However, because the longitudinal muscle fibers of the esophagus are extremely thin and fragile, and @entity1939 is the basis for the excellent results of conventional surgical myotomy, this modification needs to be further debated. Here, we retrospectively analyzed our prospectively maintained POEM database to compare the outcomes of endoscopic full-thickness and circular @entity121 . STUDY DESIGN: According to the @entity92 , 103 @entity1 with full-thickness myotomy were assigned to group A, while 131 @entity1 with circular @entity121 were assigned to group B. Symptom relief, procedure-related parameters and adverse events, manometry outcomes, and reflux complications were compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean operation times were significantly shorter in group A compared with group B (p = 0.02). There was no increase in any procedure-related adverse event after full-thickness myotomy (all p < 0.05). During follow-up, treatment success (Eckardt score  <= 3) persisted for 96.0% (95 of 99) of @entity1 in group A and for 95.0% (115 of 121) of @entity1 in group B (p = 0.75). There were no statistically significant differences in pre- and post-treatment D-value of symptom scores and lower esophageal sphincter pressures between groups (both p > 0.05). The overall clinical reflux complication rates were also similar (21.2% vs 16.5%, p = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term symptom relief and manometry outcomes of each method were comparable. Full-thickness myotomy significantly reduced the procedure time but did not increase the procedure-related adverse events or clinical reflux complications.

title: Peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of @entity1318 : a clinical comparative study of endoscopic full-thickness and circular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['completeness of myotomy']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['myotomy depth']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle myotomy']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle myotomy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exposure to stressful or traumatic events is associated with increased vulnerability to @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). This vulnerability may be partly mediated by effects of stress on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and associated circuitry. The PFC mediates critical cognitive functions, including @entity73 , which reflects an organism's ability to adaptively alter behavior in light of changing contingencies. Prior work suggests that chronic or acute stress exerts complex effects on different forms of @entity73 , via actions on the PFC. Similarly, @entity550 is reported in @entity1005 , as are executive function deficits. Animal models that permit study of the effects of stress/ @entity130 on @entity73 may be useful in illuminating ways in which stress-linked cognitive changes contribute to @entity1005 . Here, we examined the behavioral effects of a rodent model of @entity1005 - @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) - on performance of two forms of @entity73 : reversal learning and strategy set-shifting. @entity1162 did not impair acquisition of either a response or @entity227 but did cause @entity73 in the retrieval of the visual-cue rule. During response discrimination reversal, @entity1162 @entity35 made more perseverative errors. In comparison, during set-shifting from the visual-cue to response discrimination, @entity1162 @entity35 did not show enhanced perseveration, but did display increased never-reinforced errors, indicative of impairment in selecting a novel strategy. These data demonstrate that @entity1162 leads to a complex and intriguing pattern of deficits in flexible responding and suggest that impairments in executive functioning associated with @entity1005 could, in part, be a neuro-cognitive consequence of @entity130 exposure.

title: Alterations in @entity73 in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-cue discrimination']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['PFC dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility', 'slight impairments']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['single prolonged stress', 'SPS']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify improvements in walking performance commonly observed in @entity1 with @entity15 (pwMS). A systematic literature search and meta-analysis was conducted quantifying the expected benefits of exercise on walking ability in pwMS. DATA SOURCES: Potential studies were identified by systematic search using PubMed (1966 to 31(st) March, 2014), EMBASE (1974 to 31(st) March, 2014), CINAHL (1998 to 31(st) March, 2014), SPORTSDiscus (1991-31(st) March, 2014) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1966 to 31(st) March, 2014). The search used key concepts of " @entity15 " AND "exercise". STUDY SELECTION: Randomised controlled trials of exercise training in adult @entity1 with @entity15 . DATA EXTRACTION: Data on @entity1 and study characteristics; walking ability; 10metre walk test (10mWT); Timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW); 2 minute walk test (2MWT); 6 minute walk test (6MWT); Timed up and go (TUG) were extracted and archived. DATA SYNTHESIS: Data from 13 studies were included. Exercise produced significant improvements in walking speed, measured by 10mWT, mean difference (MD) reduction in walking time of -1.76 seconds (95%CI -2.47 to -1.06, p<0.001), but no change in the T25FW MD = -0.59s (95%CI -2.55 to 1.36, p=0.55). Exercise produced significant improvements in walking endurance as measured by 6MWT and 2MWT, with increased walking distance of MD=36.46 metres (95%CI 15.14 to 57.79, P<0.001) and MD=12.51 metres (95%CI 4.79 to 20.23, p=0.001), respectively. No improvement was found for TUG MD = -1.05s (95% CI -2.19 to 0.09, p=0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests exercise improves walking speed and endurance in pwMS.

title: Exercise as a therapy for improvement of walking ability in adults with XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: AIM: The study aimed to define the learning curve required to gain satisfactory training to perform pelvic exenterative surgery for recurrent or locally advanced primary @entity5 . METHOD: Consecutive @entity1 undergoing exenterative pelvic surgery for recurrent and locally advanced primary @entity5 , by one surgical team, between 2006 and 2011 were studied. They were divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) according to the date of surgery. A risk adjusted Cumulative Sum (RA-CUSUM) model was used to evaluate the learning curve. Chi-square test with gamma ordinal was used to assess the change with time in the four quartiles. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 (70 males; median age 61 (25-85); 55 primary @entity5 ) were included in the study. Thirty @entity1 underwent abdominosacral resection. The number of @entity1 who underwent plastic reconstruction (n=53) increased from 12 in Q1 to 15 in Q4(p=0.781). The median operation time, intra-operative @entity190 and hospital stay were 8(3-17) hours, 1.5(0.1-17) litres and 15(9-82) days respectively. There was no significant change with time. Complete resection (R0) was achieved in 78 @entity1 . Microscopic (R1) or macroscopic (R2) residual disease was present in 15 and 7 @entity1 respectively. The number of major complications was 20, and minor 30. RA-CUSUM analysis demonstrated an improvement in any complications after 14, in major after 12 and in minor after 25 operations. CONCLUSION: Pelvic exenterative surgery for recurrent or locally advanced primary @entity5 is complex and requires a minimum of 14 cases for an expert colorectal surgeon to gain the desirable training and experience to improve morbidity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Learning curve for the management of recurrent and locally advanced primary XXXX : a single team's experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The objective of the study was to compare the favorable response rate, time duration, and @entity158 level of local corticosteroid injection using a novel approach for the treatment of @entity923 vs a classic approach. @entity1 with symptomatic @entity923 of less than 1-year duration were randomized for local corticosteroid injection using either the classic approach or a novel approach. In our approach (novel), we used a 29 gauge x 1/2-in. needle and a 1-ml insulin syringe containing 12 mg of @entity1667 mixed with 0.15 ml of @entity3303 2%, and the site of the injection was 2-3 cm distal to the middle of wrist crease. In the classic approach, we used a 25 gauge x 3-cm needle and a 2-ml syringe injecting 35 mg of @entity1667 mixed with 0.5 ml of @entity3303 2%, 3-4 cm proximal to the wrist crease and just ulnar to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle. Response rate was evaluated 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the injection, and also the duration of time of the procedure and the level of @entity158 using the visual analogue scale were compared between the two groups. Forty-two @entity1 signed the consent form, and all of them completed the study [21 @entity1 in the classic approach group (group 1) and 21 @entity1 in the novel approach group (group 2)]. The favorable response rates were 100, 81, 71, and 57% in group 1 and 100, 71, 67, and 57% in group 2 after 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks, respectively. There was no significant difference in the favorable response rate between the two groups (p=0.468, 95% CI=-12-31%, after 3 weeks). The average duration of time of the procedure in group 1 was 26.71+/-32.83 s compared to 8.48+/-1.123 s (p=0.021) in group 2. The average grade of @entity158 expressed by the @entity1 in group 1 was 4.38+/-1.523 compared to 3.62+/-1.071 in group 2 (p=0.065). In conclusion, local corticosteroid injection using the novel approach for the treatment of @entity923 is helpful, and the favorable response rates are comparable to those using the classic approach after 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks. The novel approach is much less time consuming and is not more @entity158 .

title: A novel approach of local corticosteroid injection for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The emergence of laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery has rekindled interest in the impact of warm @entity8 on renal function. To provide data with which warm @entity8 can be compared we analyzed short-term and long-term changes in the glomerular filtration rate after temporary cold @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In @entity1 undergoing open nephron sparing surgery the estimated glomerular filtration rate was assessed preoperatively, early in the postoperative hospital stay, and 1 and 12 months after surgery using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study equation. We separately analyzed 70 @entity1 with a solitary kidney and 592 with 2 functioning kidneys. The end point was the percent change from the baseline glomerular filtration rate. A linear regression model was used to test the association between the glomerular filtration rate change, and @entity63 time, @entity1 age, @entity5 size, estimated @entity190 and intraoperative fluid administration. RESULTS: Median cold @entity63 time was 31 minutes in @entity1 with a solitary kidney and 35 minutes in those with 2 kidneys. Compared to @entity1 with 2 kidneys those with a solitary kidney had a significantly lower preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.001), which decreased a median of 30% during the early postoperative period, and 15% and 32% 1 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. In @entity1 with 2 kidneys the corresponding glomerular filtration rate decreases were 16%, 13% and 14%, respectively. On multivariate analyses in each group cold @entity63 duration and intraoperative @entity190 were significantly associated with early glomerular filtration rate changes. However, 12 months after surgery age was the only independent predictor of a glomerular filtration rate decrease in @entity1 with 2 kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: Cold @entity8 during nephron sparing surgery is a significant determinant of the short-term postoperative glomerular filtration rate. Longer clamping time is particularly detrimental in @entity1 with a solitary kidney but it does not appear to influence long-term renal function. @entity1 of advanced age may be less likely to recover from acute @entity8 .

title: XXXX during nephron sparing surgery is associated with short-term but not long-term @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'ischemic renal injury', 'Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Temporary renal ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Germline mutations in @entity5345 or @entity2674 lead to a high lifetime probability of developing @entity5344 . These genes can also be involved in the development of @entity5 as somatic @entity5345 /2 pathogenic variants are found in some of these @entity5 . Since @entity1 with somatic BRCA pathogenic variants may benefit from treatment with @entity12874 polymerase inhibitors, it is important to be able to test for somatic changes in routinely available @entity5 samples. Such samples are typically @entity406 -fixed @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) tissue, where the extracted DNA tends to be highly fragmented and of limited quantity, making analysis of large genes such as @entity5345 and @entity2674 challenging. This is made more difficult as somatic changes may be evident in only part of the sample, due to the presence of normal tissue. METHODS: We examined the feasibility of analysing DNA extracted from FFPE @entity5344 tissue to identify significant DNA variants in @entity5345 / @entity2674 using next generation sequencing methods that were sensitive enough to detect low level mutations, multiplexed to reduce the amount of DNA required and had short amplicon design. The utility of two GeneRead DNAseq Targeted Exon Enrichment Panels with different designs targeting only @entity6069 exons, and the Ion AmpliSeq BRCA community panel, followed by library preparation and adaptor ligation using the TruSeq DNA PCR-Free HT Sample Preparation Kit and NGS analysis on the MiSeq were investigated. RESULTS: Using the GeneRead method, we successfully analysed over 76% of samples, with >95% coverage of @entity6069 coding regions and a mean average read depth of >1000-fold. All mutations identified were confirmed where possible by Sanger sequencing or replication to eliminate the risk of false positive results due to artefacts within FFPE material. Admixture experiments demonstrated that @entity6069 variants could be detected if present in >10% of the sample. A sample subset was evaluated using the Ion AmpliSeq BRCA panel, achieving >99% coverage and sufficient read depth for a proportion of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of @entity6069 variants in fixed tissue is feasible, and could be performed prospectively to facilitate optimum treatment decisions for @entity5344 @entity1 .

title: A reliable method for the detection of XXXX and @entity2674 mutations in fixed @entity5 tissue utilising multiplex PCR-based targeted next generation sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian or breast cancer', 'ovarian and breast tumour']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly ADP ribose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancers', 'non-hereditary tumours']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: @entity159 is an emergency condition in @entity1 with prolonged @entity410 or recurrent @entity410 without full recovery between them. The pathophysiological mechanisms of @entity159 are not well established. With this argument, we use a computational modeling approach combined with in vivo electrophysiological data obtained from an experimental model of @entity159 to infer about changes that may lead to a @entity410 . Special emphasis is done to analyze parameter changes during or after pilocarpine administration. A cubature Kalman filter is utilized to estimate parameters and states of the model in real time from the observed electrophysiological signals. It was observed that during basal activity (before pilocarpine administration) the parameters presented a standard deviation below 30% of the mean value, while during SE activity, the parameters presented variations larger than 200% of the mean value with respect to basal state. The ratio of excitation-inhibition, increased during SE activity by 80% with respect to the transition state, and reaches the lowest value during cessation. In addition, a progression between low and fast inhibitions before or during this condition was found. This method can be implemented in real time, which is particularly important for the design of stimulation devices that attempt to stop @entity410 . These changes in the parameters analyzed during @entity410 activity can lead to better understanding of the mechanisms of @entity302 and to improve its treatments.

title: State and parameter estimation of a neural mass model from electrophysiological signals during the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'Status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ) belong to a group of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of @entity1476 , @entity1917 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 in @entity31 and @entity30 . The study group comprised 34 @entity1 with @entity31 and 10 @entity1 with @entity30 . Evaluation of @entity1476 , @entity1917 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 expression in tissue samples was performed using immunohistochemistry. The overexpression of @entity1495 and @entity2843 was dominant in both the glandular epithelium and @entity32 in @entity31 @entity1 . In contrast, in @entity30 subjects the positive expression of @entity1476 and @entity2843 was in glandular tubes while mainly @entity1917 and @entity1552 expression was in @entity32 . Metalloproteinases' expression was associated with the presence of erosions, architectural tissue changes, and @entity32 in the lamina propria of @entity31 @entity1 . The expression of metalloproteinase inhibitors correlated with the presence of @entity1712 and neutrophils in @entity31 and @entity738 in @entity30 @entity1 . Our studies indicate that the overexpression of metalloproteinases and weaker expression of their inhibitors may determine the development of @entity29 . It appears that @entity1476 , @entity1917 , and @entity1495 may be a potential therapeutic target and the use of their inhibitors may significantly reduce @entity31 progression.

title: Expressions of Matrix Metalloproteinases ( @entity1476 , XXXX , and @entity1495 ) and Their Inhibitors ( @entity2843 , @entity1552 ) in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1917 :: (4316,Gene) :: ['MMP-7']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Periodontal tissue regeneration presents a highly promising method for restoring periodontal structures. The development of a suitable bioactive scaffold that promotes cell proliferation and differentiation is critical in periodontal tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a novel 3-dimensional @entity692 -collagen scaffold with @entity1 periodontal ligament ( @entity8395 ) cell culture. METHODS: The scaffold was produced from a natural collagen matrix - purified porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM), which was then treated with @entity692 (HA) through a biomimetic chemical process to obtain @entity692 -porcine acellular dermal matrix (HA-PADM) scaffold. The @entity8395 cells were cultured with HA-PADM scaffolds for 1, 3, 6, 14, and 28 days. The cell viability assay, @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ), @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) staining, immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy were employed in different time points to evaluate the biocompatibility of the scaffolds with @entity8395 cells. RESULTS: The cell viability assay (WST-1 test) verified cell proliferation on the HA-PADM scaffolds. The @entity4653 study showed unique morphology of @entity8395 cells, which attach and spread on the surface of the scaffolds. The H_E staining, immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy demonstrated that @entity8395 cells were able to grow into the HA-PADM scaffolds and maintain viability after prolonged culture. CONCLUSIONS: This study proved that HA-PADM scaffold is -biocompatible for @entity8395 cells. The cells were able to proliferate and migrate into the scaffold. These observations suggest that HA-PADM is a potential cell carrier for periodontal tissue regeneration.

title: @entity1 periodontal ligament cells reaction on a novel XXXX -collagen scaffold.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was 1) to ascertain how @entity1 with a @entity2737 after breast surgery are treated in other Danish surgical departments, and 2) to analyse our experience with conservative treatment of wound @entity281 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1) A questionnaire sent to surgical departments in Denmark to access how these @entity281 are treated; 2) a prospective analysis of our experience with conservative treatment of wound @entity281 . RESULTS: 1) In 10 of the 20 departments, which perform breast surgery, wound @entity281 were treated by reopening the wound in most cases. 2) Out of 1118 @entity1 operated on for @entity0 , the incidence of @entity2737 was 3.6%. Ten per cent were admitted to other surgical departments and had their wounds reopened. Ninety-four per cent of the @entity1 treated in our department were treated conservatively, and of these 90% were treated conservatively with repeated aspiration or replacement of the drain, 5% had spontaneous perforation of the wound abscess, corresponding to a small area of @entity39 , and healed without operation. Five per cent had a major area of @entity39 with underlying @entity281 . These @entity1 had their wound revised surgically with primary closure without complications. All the @entity1 were given antibiotics. DISCUSSIONS: We conclude that wound @entity281 after operations for @entity0 can be treated conservatively with good results.

title: [Conservative treatment of @entity2737 after XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: There is increasing evidence indicating that @entity172 replacement therapy produces neuroprotective actions but has undesirable side effects on the reproductive system. @entity441 is a selective @entity172 receptor modulator that exerts @entity172 agonist action in the brain while acting as an @entity172 antagonist in the reproductive system. In the present study, we investigated whether @entity441 affected the @entity2227 -induced @entity460 ( @entity141 ) overload in @entity35 cultured cortical neurons. The bulk cytosolic intracellular @entity141 level was measured by using confocal microscopy with fluorescent @entity141 probe @entity3576 . Whole-cell recording technique was used to observe the effects of @entity441 on @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-evoked and voltage-activated @entity141 currents in cultured cortical neurons. Pre-exposure of cortical neurons to @entity441 (0.5 microM-10 microM) for 3 min attenuated intracellular @entity141 increase induced by application of @entity2227 (300 microM) for 1 min. The action of @entity441 was reversible after washout. @entity1299 and @entity2426 did not block the action of @entity441 . In whole-cell recording experiments, @entity441 (10 microM) significantly reduced the amplitude of the high-voltage-activated @entity141 current but had no effect on @entity143 -evoked @entity141 current. The present study demonstrates that @entity441 acutely reduces @entity2227 -induced intracellular @entity141 increase probably via inhibition of high-voltage-activated @entity460 channels.

title: @entity441 acutely reduces @entity2227 -induced intracellular @entity460 increase in cultured @entity35 cortical neurons via inhibition of high-voltage-activated XXXX current.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'Raloxifene']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The results of a series of 100 @entity1 operated on for hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS), using microsurgical vascular decompression (MVD), are reported. METHOD: MVD was performed through a retromastoid keyhole approach, under monitoring of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and facial EMG, and consisted in dissection of VII nerve from conflicting vessel(s), and interposition of Teflon fibers and/or screen(s). RESULTS: The offending vessels found were: the antero- @entity5487 in 57 cases, the @entity5487 in 56 cases, the vertebrobasilar artery in 22 cases. A multiple conflict was found in 32 cases (32%). The result was considered excellent if there was no residual @entity2473 , good if only "minimal twitching" remained with relief>80%, poor for @entity2473 relief 20 to 80%, and as a failure if relief<20%. The effect of MVD was satisfying (excellent or good) in 75 @entity1 (75%) at discharge (10th day) and in 85 (85%) after 1 to 18 years follow-up (mean: 5 years). Amongst the latter @entity1 , 29 (34%) experienced a delayed (up to 3(1/2) years in one) cure. Spasm recurrence was noted in 9 cases after satisfying effect on discharge. We encountered following permanent @entity16 : 1 @entity3541 , 7 cases of @entity393 (5 of them complete), and 1 case of IX-X deficit. Neither @entity204 nor ischaemic complication at brainstem or cerebellum. Most of our hearing complications occurred before using intraoperative BAEP monitoring (3 cases of cophosis among our first 7 @entity1 vs 2 out of our last 93). Local complications were: 1 @entity693 , 8 cases of CSF leakage requiring either a series of lumbar punctures or a lumbar external drain, and 3 cases of wound @entity281 and/or delayed woundhealing requiring surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are consistent with those of the literature, especially concerning high rate of long-term success and low complication rate of MVD for HFS. We do not recommend early re-operation in case of initial poor result. Again, the necessity of intraoperative BAEP monitoring to prevent hearing morbidity is highlighted.

title: [Microsurgical vascular decompression for hemifacial XXXX . Follow-up over one year, clinical results and prognostic factors. Study of a series of 100 cases].

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['postero-inferior cerebellar artery', 'inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing deficit']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']