abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) -induced @entity409 is an important complication in @entity1 treated with this drug for @entity272 . Reliable non-invasive monitoring tests would have considerable importance. OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study was designed in order to evaluate if serial normal serum levels of @entity1472 -terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) might indicate that no significant @entity82 is taking place in the liver, and thereby reduce the need for repeated liver biopsies in psoriatic @entity1 treated with @entity1500 . METHODS: The clinical records of 70 @entity1 with @entity1569 , who in the years 1989/90 were on @entity1500 and had both a @entity409 without @entity82 and a normal PIIINP, were examined and followed until the @entity1 stopped taking the drug. The follow-up time was from 1 to 11 years. RESULTS: A total of 189 liver biopsies and 329 analyses of PIIINP were recorded. Twenty-one @entity1 had only one and no further biopsies, but their data included at least two to three PIIINP samples obtained within a year around the time of the biopsy, and at least two were taken either prior to or at the time of the biopsy. The remaining @entity1 had from two to seven liver biopsies each and a total of 267 analyses of PIIINP. In the study period only four @entity1 developed @entity82 of the liver as shown by liver biopsies, and all four of these @entity1 developed elevated serum PIIINP levels. In addition two further @entity1 , one of them with @entity5144 , had elevated PIIINP, but normal @entity409 . Thus no liver @entity82 was missed in the 63 @entity1 with consistently normal PIIINP levels. CONCLUSIONS: Present data support the view that, as long as PIIINP is consistently normal in serial investigations, there is minimal risk of development of @entity1575 .

title: The value of XXXX -terminal propeptide of type III procollagen in routine screening for @entity1499 -induced liver @entity82 : a 10-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver biopsy', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['substantial liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity1472 :: (CHEBI:46882,Chemical) :: ['amino']


abstract: The past two decades have witnessed an explosive growth of knowledge regarding postischemic @entity296 or myocardial "stunning." The purpose of this review is to summarize current information regarding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of this phenomenon. @entity1562 should not be regarded as a single entity but rather as a "syndrome" that has been observed in a wide variety of experimental settings, which include the following: 1) stunning after a single, completely reversible episode of regional @entity63 in vivo; 2) stunning after multiple, completely reversible episodes of regional @entity63 in vivo; 3) stunning after a partly reversible episode of regional @entity63 in vivo ( @entity1188 ); 4) stunning after global @entity63 in vitro; 5) stunning after global @entity63 in vivo; and 6) stunning after exercise-induced @entity63 (high-flow @entity63 ). Whether these settings share a common mechanism is unknown. Although the pathogenesis of @entity1562 has not been definitively established, the two major hypotheses are that it is caused by the generation of @entity26 -derived free radicals (oxyradical hypothesis) and by a transient @entity460 overload ( @entity460 hypothesis) on reperfusion. The final lesion responsible for the contractile @entity308 appears to be a decreased responsiveness of contractile filaments to @entity460 . Recent evidence suggests that @entity460 overload may activate calpains, resulting in selective proteolysis of myofibrils; the time required for resynthesis of damaged proteins would explain in part the delayed recovery of function in stunned @entity1562 . The oxyradical and @entity460 hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and are likely to represent different facets of the same pathophysiological cascade. For example, increased free radical formation could cause cellular @entity460 overload, which would damage the contractile apparatus of the myocytes. Free radical generation could also directly alter contractile filaments in a manner that renders them less responsive to @entity460 (e.g., oxidation of critical thiol groups). However, it remains unknown whether oxyradicals play a role in all forms of stunning and whether the @entity460 hypothesis is applicable to stunning in vivo. Nevertheless, it is clear that the lesion responsible for @entity1562 occurs, at least in part, after reperfusion so that this contractile dysfunction can be viewed, in part, as a form of "reperfusion injury." An important implication of the phenomenon of @entity1562 is that so-called chronic hibernation may in fact be the result of repetitive episodes of stunning, which have a cumulative effect and cause protracted @entity409 . A better understanding of @entity1562 will expand our knowledge of the pathophysiology of @entity741 and provide a rationale for developing new therapeutic strategies designed to prevent @entity409 in @entity1 .

title: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium', 'myocardial stunning', 'Myocardial stunning']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardial stunning']


abstract: Endometriosis is a common cause of chronic @entity2371 . Laparoscopy is considered the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. This work aims to evaluate whether hysterosalpingography (14SG), a cheaper and more accessible examination, is worth while as a diagnostic tool in this pathology. Thirty @entity1 submitted to laparoscopy for chronic @entity2371 where retrospectively studied. Three different observers evaluated their hysterosalpingographies. The imaging diagnoses were classified as suggestive or not suggestive of external @entity530 . With laparoscopy, 18 @entity1 had @entity46 , 11 with mild lesions by Acosta classification. Compared to laparoscopy, HSG diagnosis, when made by at least two observers, revealed a sensitivity of 55.5%, a specificity of 75%, a positive predictive value of 77%, and a negative predictive value of 53%. In the presence of clinical pathologic uterosacral--US ligaments and/or sterility, the specificity of HSG may be 100%, but the sensitivity falls below the 40%. We concluded that in a population with chronic @entity2371 , HSG is not a first choice diagnostic tool. This examination only permits the identification of 1/3 of the @entity1 with external @entity46 , being unable to exclude its presence. However, it may be useful in @entity1 with infiltrative @entity46 of the US ligaments.

title: [Hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic endometriosis']


abstract: A @entity1 primary @entity356 tissue (adenocarcinoma II-III) was transplanted into @entity19 (SWISS/DF. nu/nu). It has been transferred for 8 generations at 56 sites in 28 @entity19 with transplantable rate of 100%. The transplanted @entity5 is designated as transplantable @entity1 primary @entity356 -1 in @entity19 (THPGC-1). The growth of THPGC-1 is rather rapid and the size of transplanted @entity5 reaches 1 cm2, 4-5 weeks after transfer. The morphology and histochemistry of the original @entity5 were retained well in the @entity5 . THPGC-1 could secret @entity6544 ( @entity6544 ). After intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of 131I-antiCEA monoclonal antibody into the THPGC-1 bearing @entity19 , the radiolabeled antibody was concentrated and localized in the @entity5 as shown by gamma-camera analysis. Similar pattern of @entity880 dehydrogenase isoenzyme was observed both in primary @entity356 tissue and THPGC-1 tissue. Chromosomal examination revealed that THPGC-1 was @entity1 aneuploid ones. Southern blot analysis showed that the pattern of repetitive DNA bands and the structures of 28s, rDNA, @entity11517 and c-myc genes in THPGC-1 were identical to the original primary @entity356 DNA. The results suggest that THPGC-1 be a reliable model for the research of the molecular biology of @entity5 cells and experimental @entity356 diagnosis and treatment.

title: [Biologic and molecular genetic properties of a transplantable XXXX primary @entity356 in @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'initial and serial transplanted tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6544 :: ('111518(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: Enhanced microvascular perfusion of skeletal muscle is important for nutrient exchange and contributes    40% insulin-mediated muscle @entity413 disposal. High fat-fed (36% fat wt./wt.) @entity35 are a commonly used model of insulin-resistance that exhibit impairment of insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment and muscle @entity413 uptake, which is accompanied by myocyte insulin-resistance. Distinguishing the contribution of impaired microvascular recruitment and impaired insulin action in the myocyte to decreased muscle @entity413 uptake in these high-fat models is difficult. It is unclear whether microvascular and myocyte insulin-resistance develop simultaneously. To assess this, we used a @entity35 diet model with a moderate increase (two-fold) in dietary fat. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity35 fed normal (4.8% fat wt./wt., 5FD) or high (9.0% fat wt./wt., 9FD) fat diets for 4 weeks were subject to @entity1717 (10 mU/min/kg insulin or saline) or isolated hindlimb perfusion (1.5 or 15 nM insulin or saline). Body weight, epididymal fat mass, and fasting plasma @entity413 were unaffected by diet. Fasting plasma insulin and non-esterified @entity844 concentrations were significantly elevated in 9FD. @entity413 infusion rate and muscle @entity413 uptake were significantly impaired during insulin clamps in 9FD. Insulin-stimulated microvascular recruitment was significantly blunted in 9FD. Insulin-mediated muscle @entity413 uptake between 5FD and 9FD were not different during hindlimb perfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired insulin-mediated muscle @entity413 uptake in vivo can be the direct result of reduced microvascular blood flow responses to insulin, and can result from small (two-fold) increases in dietary fat. Thus, microvascular insulin-resistance can occur independently to the development of myocyte insulin-resistance.

title: Muscle insulin resistance resulting from impaired microvascular insulin sensitivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['euglycaemic hyperinsulinemic clamp']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated in normal @entity35 that chronic treatment, from weaning to 30 days, with either @entity4688 or @entity9886 , induced significant changes in cardiovascular structure and function. The present study was performed to assess the effect of either @entity4688 or @entity9886 on the structure and function of the heart and arteries given to normal @entity35 from weaning until 6 months of age. Animals (n = 48) were divided into three groups: control, @entity4688 treated, and @entity9886 treated; treated @entity35 received 10 mg/kg/day of drug. Blood pressure, body weight, and water intake were recorded for that time period. DNA, @entity6708 , collagen, degree of @entity82 , and @entity842 synthase- @entity1110 -diaphorase-dependent activity in the heart and arteries were determined. Only significant differences (P < .05) are reported. Blood pressure increased only in control @entity35 (13 +/- 1 mm Hg), @entity4688 treatment enhanced water intake and reduced the rate of body growth (control, 672.9 +/- 15.4 g; @entity9886 , 692.4 +/- 21.8 g; @entity4688 , 541.8 +/- 13.8 g). In the heart, DNA (control, 120 +/- 5; @entity9886 , 99 +/- 4; @entity4688 , 93 +/- 6 microg/100 mg), collagen (control, 2.5 +/- 0.2; @entity4688 , 1.85 +/- 0.08 microg/100 mg), and @entity82 (control, 3.5 +/- 0.4%; @entity9886 , 2.2 +/- 0.3%; @entity4688 , 2.1 +/- 0.4%) were reduced by treatment. In the aorta, @entity6708 (control, 0.15 +/- 0.01; @entity9886 , 0.24 +/- 0.02 pmol/mg), and @entity1110 -diaphorase (control, 0.114 +/- 0.003; @entity9886 , 0.148 +/- 0.006; @entity4688 , 0.169 +/- 0.003 as optical density) were enhanced. The enzyme was also higher in the aortic endothelium of treated animals (control, 0.193 +/- 0.010; @entity9886 , 0.228 +/- 0.009; @entity4688 , 0.278 +/- 0.005). The lower rate of body weight increase, the enhanced water intake, and the reduced cardiac and left ventricular weight attributable to @entity4688 treatment do not seem to be related to inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. On the other hand, renin-angiotensin system inhibition induces a protective effect on the heart and aorta through structural and functional changes. Most of this action seems to be exerted through @entity1808 type 1 receptors.

title: Effect of chronic @entity1808 inhibition on the cardiovascular system of the normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of the diagnosis of mesial @entity1315 using EEG and sphenoidal electrodes. Inter-ictal 99 m Tc-HMPAO SPECT scans were registered in 21 @entity1 with confirmed mesial @entity1315 identified by scalp EEG and sphenoidal electrodes. Visual and quantitative SPECT analysis was performed blind to EEG data. An asymmetry index (AI) was measured from the ratio of two symmetrical regions of interest. A @entity1315 was defined as an uptake reduced by 5% with respect to the contralateral region. Inter-ictal SPECT abnormalities were observed in 12 out of 21 @entity1 (57%) from both visual and quantitative analysis (focal hypoperfusion in 11 cases, focal hyperperfusion in one case). In seven @entity1 (33%) both visual and quantitative scintigraphy were normal. Abnormal AI was found in 11/15 @entity1 with a high frequency of @entity410 and in 1/6 @entity1 with a low frequency of @entity410 . The major data is that the probability to have an abnormal SPECT is statistically correlated to the frequency of the @entity302 . The couple EEG recordings with sphenoidal electrodes and SPECT is sensitive and reliable in the diagnosis of mesial @entity1315 .

title: Correlation between inter-ictal regional cerebral blood flow and sphenoidal electrodes--recorded inter-ictal spikes in mesial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy', 'temporal lobe hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic fits']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: An initial course of standard heparin (SH) or low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) is regarded as the treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). LMWH have better bioavailability after subcutaneous administration, have a longer half-life, and show higher and more predictable anticoagulant activity. As a result they can be given subcutaneously and without laboratory control, using a dose that is determined by bodyweight. Because of these multiple advantages of LMWH they will replace SH in the future and subsequently home treatment with LMWH of selected @entity1 seems feasible. The currently accepted approach is to start with SH or LMWH therapy combined with oral anticoagulant therapy. ( @entity14115 ) at the time of diagnosis. The course of SH or LMWH should continue for at least 5 days, provided that international normalized ratio (INR) is in the therapeutic range on 2 consecutive days. @entity14115 should be continued for at least 3 months to prolong the prothrombin time to an INR of 2-3. When oral anticoagulants are either contraindicated or inconvenient, SH or LMWH can be used at the middosing interval. The role of anti-platelet treatment is not yet established and should be compared with @entity1524 therapy in the future.

title: New developments in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: The cis-acting elements that regulate production of germ-line transcripts from Ig heavy chain genes and subsequent switch recombination to those genes are poorly defined. We reported that a 17-kb transgene that includes Igamma1, Sgamma1, and @entity54507 is regulated for germ-line transcription like the endogenous gamma1 gene. Transcripts from such transgenes are expressed only in B cells treated with both @entity558 and @entity58 , and not in B cells treated with @entity558 alone or in thymocytes or nonlymphoid tissues. We have now found that transcripts from these transgenes are induced by treatment of transgenic B cells by @entity58 alone. As reported by others, @entity60 acts to inhibit the @entity58 -mediated induction of germ-line transcripts of the endogenous gamma1 gene. We have found that @entity558 -plus @entity58 -induced germ-line transcription of gamma1 transgenes is likewise inhibited by treatment of B cells with @entity60 , so the gamma1 gene must include the cis-acting element(s) that confers this inhibition. It is also known that @entity14636 ligation induces a modest amount of germ-line transcripts from the endogenous gamma1 gene and synergizes with @entity58 to induce large amounts of germ-line transcripts. The gamma1 transgenes are likewise induced by @entity14636 ligation, suggesting that the response element(s) for @entity14636 ligation can be found in the gamma1 gene. The promoter region for the germ-line transcripts and the I exon are likely to include some of these cis-acting elements. A series of @entity19 with the promoter/Igamma1 region conferred low level, lymphoid-specific, RNA expression to a reporter gene, including significant expression in thymocytes. However, the promoter/Igamma1 transgenes were not regulated like the endogenous gamma1 gene, in that transcription in splenic B cells was not increased by @entity558 plus @entity58 .

title: gamma1 heavy chain transgenes are responsive to @entity60 repression and XXXX ligation.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

answer: @entity14636 :: (21939(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 requiring access for hemodialysis in whom radiocephalic or brachiocephalic @entity2548 cannot be formed or have failed present a significant clinical challenge. We compare outcomes in @entity1 undergoing transposed brachiobasilic @entity2548 (BBAVF) with expanded @entity736 brachioaxillary access grafts in a single European center. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 undergoing a first upper limb tertiary-access procedure-that is, either BBAVF or brachioaxillary access graft for hemodialysis-between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2005. The median follow-up was 18.1 months (interquartile range, 8.7-34.9 months). Successful use for dialysis, primary patency, secondary patency, and @entity1 survival was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 185 @entity1 were identified; 71 had a BBAVF, and 114 had an access graft. The median age was 64.3 years (interquartile range, 50.7-74.4 years). The groups were well matched for age, sex, ethnicity, @entity6 , and number of prior access procedures. Significantly fewer BBAVFs were successfully used for dialysis: 69.0% BBAVFs compared with 89.4% access grafts (P = .001; chi(2)). One- and two-year primary patency rates were 45.3% and 40.0%, respectively, for BBAVF and were 56.4% and 43.2% for access grafts (P = .579; log rank). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in secondary patency between the two procedures (P = .868; log rank). We found that surgeons in training had no influence on the primary patency of either BBAVF or access grafts. However, infective complications necessitating an operation were significantly higher in the access graft group (6.2% vs 0%; P = .031; Fisher exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Although more difficult to establish, BBAVFs provide patency at least equivalent to that of brachioaxillary access grafts. However, infective complications are fewer in the BBAVF group. As such, we believe that BBAVF should be the first choice of the vascular access surgeon when fistulas using the cephalic vein are not possible or have failed.

title: A comparison between transposed brachiobasilic XXXX and prosthetic brachioaxillary access grafts for vascular access for hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: The records of 26 @entity1 with @entity262 ( @entity262 ) treated during the past decade at the National Institutes of Health were reviewed to determine the role of splenectomy in the management of @entity262 . Seventeen (65%) @entity1 had indolent @entity262 , manifested primarily by @entity17586 and mast cell infiltration of the skin, bone marrow, or gastrointestinal tract. None of these @entity1 underwent splenectomy. These @entity1 required only symptomatic therapy. Nine (35%) @entity1 , including those with associated @entity1503 and those with a @entity706 -like illness termed @entity5310 with @entity1712 , had aggressive @entity262 . Five of nine @entity1 with aggressive @entity262 underwent splenectomy. Of the five @entity1 with splenectomy, three were alive at the time of this report, whereas none of the four who did not have a splenectomy was still alive. Length of survival without splenectomy was 26 months. With splenectomy, length of survival at the time of this report was 34 months. @entity1 without splenectomy died of @entity548 caused by severe @entity882 . @entity1 with splenectomy appeared better able to tolerate chemotherapy. We thus conclude that while splenectomy is of no value in the management of indolent @entity5310 , it should be considered in @entity1 with aggressive @entity262 .

title: Splenectomy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathic mastocytosis', 'mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic mast cell disease', 'SMCD']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity17586 :: ('MESH:D014582', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria pigmentosa']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['systemic mast cell disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of oral premalignant and @entity5 is on the rise due to an increased number of @entity1 taking in @entity286 and @entity167 related habits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1028 @entity1 with @entity286 , @entity167 and areca nut habits attending our Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology formed the study sample. An interviewer based questionnaire was used to record the habit details. All the @entity1 were then examined clinically for the presence of lesions. Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the study parameters. RESULTS: Males had a higher prevalence and comprised 87.9% of the sample. The commonest habit in this study sample was smoking (39.2%) followed by smokeless @entity286 use (28.1%). Out of the 1028 @entity1 with habits 40% had no clinically detectable changes in their mucosa. Of the mucosal changes @entity12120 (14%) was the commonest. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided information about the habit trends in the @entity1 visiting this institution. The study may serve as a useful tool in educating the @entity1 about the deleterious effects of oral @entity286 , @entity167 and betel exposure.

title: Prevalence and correlation of oral lesions among @entity286 smokers, @entity286 chewers, areca nut and XXXX users.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: 1. The concentrations of @entity17548 ( @entity17548 ), @entity2090 ( @entity2090 ), @entity1955 (T4), @entity1954 ( @entity3938 ), reverse- @entity1954 ( @entity3938 ), @entity1674 (Tri), free @entity1718 (FFA) and @entity413 ( @entity367 ) were determined at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of age in blood plasma of male and female @entity1573 of broiler lines selected for body weight (GL) or food conversion (FC). 2. Plasma concentrations measured in the same animal over a 24 h or a 2 week interval were not significantly correlated with each other. For different traits measured in the same plasma sample only the correlation between T4 and @entity3938 differed significantly from zero. 3. All traits were dependent on age. Line and sex effects were significant (P less than 0.05) for @entity17548 , T4, Tri, FFA and @entity367 . Additionally, line significantly influenced the plasma @entity3938 /T4 ratio and sex influenced plasma @entity3938 . Interactions between line, sex and/or age were seldom significant. 4. Within line and sex, @entity17548 (at 6 weeks of age) and @entity3938 (at 4 weeks of age) were negatively, and @entity2090 and Tri (both at 6 weeks of age) positively correlated with the amount of abdominal fat at 6 weeks of age. No significant correlation between body weight at 2, 4 or 6 weeks of age and any of the plasma traits was found.

title: Concentrations of hormones, @entity413 , XXXX and free @entity1718 in the plasma of broiler @entity1573 selected for weight gain or food conversion.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2090 :: ('100327329(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: Regional myocardial blood flow during both control conditions and @entity63 -induced vasodilatation was studied in eight chronically instrumented awake @entity235 . Seven of these animals had @entity1498 -banding of the ascending aorta performed at 6 wk of age, and the other @entity235 had @entity21519 . The mean left ventricular weight for the group was 157+/-7.6 g, and the left ventricular body weight ratio was 8.76+/-0.47 g/kg. None of the animals exhibited signs of @entity712 . During the control state, the mean left ventricular systolic pressure was 249+/-12 mm Hg and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 11.5+/-0.5 mm Hg. The aortic diastolic pressure was 74+/-6 mm Hg. Mean left circumflex coronary artery blood flow was 71+/-6 cm(3)/min. In the animals with @entity1498 -banding, 52+/-6% of the flow occurred during systole. In the @entity235 with @entity21519 , 5% of the coronary flow was systolic. Mean transmural blood flow during resting conditions was 0.97+/-0.08 cm(3)/min per g, and the ratio of endocardial to epicardial flow (endo/epi) was 0.88+/-0.07. During reactive @entity450 , the mean transmural blood flow increased to 3.5+/-0.30 cm(3)/min per g; however, the endo/epi decreased to 0.52+/-0.06.THESE STUDIES DOCUMENT A DIFFERENCE IN TRANSMURAL BLOOD FLOW DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN THE NORMAL AND THE HYPERTROPHIED LEFT VENTRICLE: during resting conditions, in the normal ventricle, the highest flow occurs in the endocardial layer, whereas in the hypertrophied ventricle, the highest flow is in the middle layers with the endocardial flow less than the epicardial flow. During @entity63 -induced vasodilatation, the abnormal endo/epi becomes accentuated markedly. These data demonstrate that, in situations requiring high flow, the endocardial layer of a heart with marked @entity4346 may not be perfused adequately.

title: Myocardial blood flow distribution in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity21519 :: ('MESH:D001020', 'Disease') :: ['congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['concentric left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['concentric left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate whether @entity1 with @entity5869 , @entity5617 or small for gestational age @entity1 have metabolic and/or @entity854 which are known to be risk factors for intravascular @entity715 . DESIGN: For two years blood tests were performed at > 10 weeks after delivery on all @entity1 without @entity101 either before or during pregnancy, who had been consecutively admitted to our hospital with @entity5869 , @entity5617 and small for gestational age. SAMPLE: A total of 62 @entity1 who had @entity5869 (n = 31), @entity5617 (n = 18) and a small for gestational age @entity1 (n = 13). SETTING: Obstetric outpatient clinic in a university hospital (Free University Hospital, Amsterdam). METHODS: Presence of hyperhomocysteinaemia, @entity854 and anticardiolipins was investigated. RESULTS: Abnormalities were found in 20 @entity1 in the @entity5869 group (20/31, 65%), in 10 @entity1 in the @entity5617 group (10/18, 56%) and in 11 @entity1 in the small for gestational age group (11/13, 85%). Eight out of these 31 @entity1 had more than one abnormality. In the group of 62 @entity1 @entity4889 was demonstrated in 26%, hyperhomocysteinaemia in 24%, @entity7131 in 6%, anticardiolipin IgG in 11%, anticardiolipin IgM in 5%, @entity4555 in 2%. An @entity10647 was not found. Thirty-three @entity1 were tested for activated protein C resistance (9% positive) and @entity5337 mutation (6% positive). Hyperhomocysteinaemia was treated with a daily oral dose of 250 mg @entity2764 and 5 mg @entity1501 . After six weeks of vitamin supplementation @entity1255 levels were tested again. At that time a mean reduction of fasting @entity1255 value of 68% (95% CI 57-79) was found and of post-load value of 65% (95% CI 55-76). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of our study, it can be concluded that @entity1 whose pregnancies are complicated by either @entity5869 , @entity5617 or small for gestational age, even if there is no history of @entity887 or @entity101 during pregnancy, should be advised to undergo an examination for metabolic and/or @entity854 .

title: Hyperhomocysteinaemia and XXXX in complicated pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S deficiency']

entities_list: @entity10647 :: ('MESH:D020152', 'Disease') :: ['antithrombin III deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['Protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['various coagulation abnormalities', 'haemostatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal death']

answer: @entity4889 :: (MESH:D018455,Disease) :: ['protein S deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uterine @entity706 is a rare disease; therefore, information regarding histologic type, immunophenotype of @entity5 cells, and etiologic factors are limited. METHODS: Seven @entity1 with @entity706 , three from the corpus and four from the cervix, were collected by a nationwide study in Japan. Selection of cases was preferentially made from the "Annual of Pathologic Autopsy Cases in Japan." RESULTS: All cases with @entity706 presented with @entity3556 . Abdominal @entity158 or backache was observed in @entity1 with @entity706 . The age ranges of @entity1 with corpus and cervical @entity706 were 46-78 years of age (mean, 63 years) and 30-71 years of age (mean, 53 years), respectively. Information about clinical staging was available for six @entity1 ; two @entity1 with Stage I, three @entity1 with Stage II, and one @entity1 with Stage III. A definite diagnosis of @entity706 was made by biopsy in all cases. Total hysterectomy, with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, was carried out in three @entity1 , and @entity5 resection was carried out in one @entity1 . Adjuvant therapy was given in six cases. Follow-up showed that five @entity1 died due to @entity5 within 1 year of treatment. Histologically, all cases were @entity1893 showing a diffuse pattern of proliferation. All but one were diffuse large cell type. Immunohistochemistry revealed the @entity5 cells in all cases were of B-cell nature. Expression of HLA-DR antigen was evaluable in four cases, of these three showed an increased expression on the vascular endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine @entity706 comprises exclusively B-cell type.

title: XXXX of the uterus. Report of seven cases with immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'cervical lymphoma', 'uterine lymphoma', 'corpus lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Malignant lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous therapeutic modalities have been proposed to treat the manifestations of @entity51032 ( @entity51032 ). While research hopes lie with molecular therapies, @entity1 are in need of answers regarding the efficacy of conventional treatments. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine @entity1 ' experience and preferences regarding conventional treatments for @entity51032 . METHODS: The study population included 120 @entity51032 @entity1 from 20 countries. The study was based on a @entity1 survey developed by physicians and researchers from the International @entity17050 Congenita Consortium and conducted via the internet. Using an effectiveness scale of 1 to 5, the @entity1 were asked to grade treatments for different manifestations, including @entity709 , cysts, @entity5656 , fingernail and toenail involvement. RESULTS: @entity1 reported surgical treatments being most effective for cysts and mechanical treatments the most effective conventional therapeutic approach for all other investigated manifestations. The other conventional medical treatments were found to be non-effective to only slightly effective. Among @entity1 with @entity709 , older @entity1 were more likely to report beneficial effect from mechanical treatments (P  =  0.04), topical @entity4878 (P  =  0.04) and topical @entity230 (P  =  0.02). Likewise, females were more inclined to report filing and grinding beneficial than males (P  =  0.02). Finally, carriers of @entity10773 and @entity10642 were more likely to benefit from keratolytics than carriers of mutations in @entity9531 (P  =  0.04). CONCLUSIONS: None of the currently available therapeutic options for @entity51032 are ideal, although they provide some relief, with mechanical/surgical options being preferred over medical therapies. These results emphasize the need for more efficient and targeted therapies.

title: Best treatment practices for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['follicular hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['keratoderma']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity17050 :: ('MESH:D009264', 'Disease') :: ['Pachyonychia']

entities_list: @entity51032 :: ('MESH:D053549', 'Disease') :: ['pachyonychia congenita', 'PC']

answer: @entity51032 :: (MESH:D053549,Disease) :: ['pachyonychia congenita']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dopaminergic drugs on the well being in hyperprolactinemic @entity1 . DESIGN: A psychometric test for well being, the SCL-90, was applied at baseline and in the 24th week of a double-blind randomized prospective study comparing the effectiveness and safety of the new @entity935 d2 agonist @entity10505 with @entity2847 . SETTING: Outpatient department of a university clinic for obstetrics and gynecology. @entity1 : Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity4089 , 9 of whom had a @entity2013 . Twenty had been treated before, and 11 were known to react unfavorably to @entity2847 . RESULTS: The effectiveness of CV 205-502 was identical to @entity2847 : its tolerability appeared to be better, especially in the initial phase of treatment. At baseline, the mean scores of the SCL-90 were significantly elevated over the reference values. Sixteen @entity1 had normal scores. The elevations were caused by 8 @entity1 with scores in the range found in @entity146 (211 +/- 30 [SD] [CV 205-502] and 182 +/- 32 [ @entity2847 ]). They were @entity308 , anxious, and hostile. At 24 weeks, the @entity1 treated with CV 205-502 scored better (130 +/- 23.5) in the SCL-90 than the @entity1 treated with @entity2847 (149.5 +/- 20). CONCLUSION: The markedly increased well being in @entity1 treated with CV 205-502 cannot be explained by its better tolerability and is probably caused by a specific central activity of CV 205-502. Further research into the antidepressive properties of this compound is warranted.

title: The effect of two dopaminergic drugs on menstrual function and psychological state in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) combined with therapeutic contact lens for @entity158 ( @entity2687 ) secondary to @entity2372 ( @entity2372 ) not suitable for penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: Excimer laser PTK was performed prospectively in eight eyes with @entity158 @entity2687 due to @entity2372 visually expecting no benefit from penetrating keratoplasty. After mechanical removal of the epithelium, the corneas were ablated with 50 pulses in the central 6.5 mm zone (ablation rate 0.25 microm per pulse) and another 200 pulses for polishing the periphery. After PTK, therapeutic contact lenses were applied for 3 months. The mean follow up period after PTK was 10.9 months (ranging from 6 to 15 months). RESULTS: All @entity1 experienced relief of their @entity158 symptoms after the epithelium healed. Only one @entity1 complained of occasional stinging @entity158 with intermittent recurrence of small bullae. He refused a second treatment because the @entity158 was much less than that before the surgery and quite tolerable. No @entity281 were noted. CONCLUSION: PTK with deeper ablation and adjunctive therapeutic contact lens is an easy to perform and effective treatment with less recurrence rate for @entity1 with @entity2372 and poor visual potential.

title: Combined phototherapeutic keratectomy and therapeutic contact lens for recurrent erosions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['BK', 'bullous keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection or other complications']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful recurrent corneal erosions', 'painful']

answer: @entity2372 :: (MESH:C562399,Disease) :: ['bullous keratopathy']


abstract: @entity10771 ( @entity3118 ), a novel @entity19311 , has demonstrated excellent preclinical antitumor activity and @entity137 in phase I clinical trials. We evaluated the clinical use of @entity3118 given as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion for remission induction in @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1778 . Thirty infusions were administered to 25 @entity1 . At doses less than or equal to 125 mg/m2/d for five days, only three of 17 @entity1 cleared their bone marrow of @entity1778 cells, and none achieved complete remission (CR). Nine @entity1 received doses of 150 mg/m2/d for five days or 125 mg/m2/d for seven days. Four of these @entity1 achieved CR (three @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), one @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ]. However, severe CNS @entity137 was encountered in five @entity1 at the two highest dose levels. Initial symptoms of @entity2359 were delayed from 21 to 43 days after starting treatment and consisted of @entity7995 , @entity12661 , @entity1032 , and generalized @entity410 . Only one @entity1 regained @entity227 ; four other @entity1 experienced progressive @entity16 and died. Clinicopathologic evaluation suggested widespread, severe @entity17 as the etiology of these reactions. We conclude that @entity3118 is an effective drug for remission induction in @entity3052 . However, doses required to achieve CR are associated with unacceptable CNS @entity137 . In view of its potent antileukemic activity, further evaluation of @entity3118 at lower doses (less than or equal to 75 mg/m2/d for five days) may be warranted in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: Phase I and II study of @entity10771 in XXXX : therapeutic efficacy with delayed central nervous system toxicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['little toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and neurologic function']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['cortical blindness']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia', 'ANLL', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine', '9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic', 'refractory leukemia']

entities_list: @entity19311 :: ('CHEBI:26394', 'Chemical') :: ['purine nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity10771 :: ('MESH:C042382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: @entity22025 ( @entity22025 ) gene variants are associated with red hair and fair skin color. We assessed the associations of common @entity22025 genotypes with the risks of 3 types of @entity1489 simultaneously in a nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study (219 @entity320 , 286 @entity957 ( @entity957 ), and 300 @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) cases, and 873 controls). We found that the 151 @entity2569 , 160Trp and 294His variants were significantly associated with red hair, fair skin color and childhood tanning tendency. The @entity22025 variants, especially the 151Cys variant, were associated with increased risks of the 3 types of @entity1489 , after controlling for hair color, skin color and other @entity1489 risk factors. Carriers of the 151Cys variant had an OR of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.04-2.59) for @entity320 , 1.67 (1.12-2.49) for @entity957 and 1.56 (1.03-2.34) for @entity1491 . @entity1 with medium or olive skin color carrying 1 nonred hair color allele and 1 red hair color allele had the highest risk of @entity320 . A similar interaction pattern was observed for red hair and carrying at least 1 red hair color allele on @entity320 risk. We also observed that the 151Cys variant contributed additional @entity320 risk among red-haired @entity1 . The information on @entity22025 status modestly improved the risk prediction; the increase was significant for @entity320 and @entity1491 (p, 0.004 and 0.05, respectively). These findings indicated that the effects of the @entity22025 variants on @entity1489 risk were independent from self-reported phenotypic pigmentation.

title: @entity22025 variants and XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity22025 :: ('4157', 'Gene') :: ['MC1R', 'Melanocortin 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: The results of a field survey at three Shanghai textile factories were used to compare the performance of the @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) with the standard American sampler, vertical elutriator (VE). Side-by-side samples using a @entity1058 and a VE were collected in seven specific manufacturing processes, with additional area and personal samples collected with a modified Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) personal inhalable sampler. Filters were analyzed for mass and endotoxin concentration. The geometric mean (GM) of the samples collected by the @entity1058 was 0.79 mg/m3 (geometric standard deviation [GSD] 1.9) compared with a GM of 0.31 mg/m3 (GSD 1.7) for the VE measurements. The correlation coefficient for the @entity1058 and VE samples was 0.35. The @entity1058 , a high-volume total dust area sampler, collects 2 to 10 times more dust than the VE, a size-selective method, depending on the manufacturing process. In spinning at Factory A, the VE and @entity1058 measured concentrations of 0.15 mg/m3 and 1.62 mg/m3, respectively. @entity2708 dust concentration measurements collected by the IOM sampler demonstrated that personal exposure concentrations were significantly higher (GM 1.84 mg/m3, GSD 1.6) than fixed-position area samples (GM 0.68 mg/m3, GSD 1.9). The endotoxin concentration based on the VE samples was 366 EU/m3, with the highest levels found in the specific manufacturing process drawing (1871 EU/m3) and the lowest in spinning (43.5 EU/m3). The results of the field comparison were used to convert historic @entity1058 data into comparable exposures and to assign retrospective exposures to subjects included in a case-cohort study of @entity2 among female textile workers in Shanghai.

title: XXXX dust and endotoxin levels in three Shanghai textile factories: a comparison of samplers.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['Chinese dust sampler', 'CDS']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['Cotton']


abstract: The stromal microenvironment plays a crucial role in @entity5 development and progression. One of the most potent activators of stromal cells is the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). To investigate the role of PDGF in @entity5 development we stably transfected immortal nontumorigenic @entity1 keratinocytes with the @entity6006 cDNA. Transfected HaCaT cells overexpressed @entity6006 but remained negative for the PDGF receptors alpha and beta (mRNA). Thus, they did not exhibit autocrine growth stimulation in vitro, but proliferation of cocultured fibroblasts was enhanced and this effect was inhibited by a neutralizing antibody to PDGF-BB. After subcutaneous injection into @entity19 the transfected cells maintained high PDGF expression and formed progressively enlarging, rapidly proliferating cysts, classified as @entity5 . During @entity5 development (up to 2 months), @entity6006 transfectants induced marked mesenchymal cell proliferation and angiogenesis, yet this effect vanished at later stages (2-6 months) concomitantly with increased epithelial cell proliferation and enhanced @entity5 growth. These results demonstrate that an activated stromal environment can promote tumorigenic conversion of nontumorigenic keratinocytes by inducing sustained epithelial hyperproliferation. This effect is apparently caused by a dual action of PDGF-BB: (i) PDGF-BB can promote @entity5 growth by inducing angiogenesis and stroma formation, and (ii) PDGF-activated stromal cells maintain elevated keratinocyte proliferation via a paracrine mechanism. Thus, PDGF, a major factor activated in wound healing, may play an important role as an endogenous promoter in @entity5 formation.

title: Tumorigenic conversion of immortal XXXX keratinocytes through stromal cell activation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'early tumor', 'epithelial tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The diuretic drug @entity11623 (10(-7 M) reduced the transmural potential difference and short-circuit current across the amphibian @entity267 in vitro. This effect reflected a decline in the outflux (endothelial to epithelial, or tear, side) of CI, which is the direction of its active transport. There was no change in the influx. The effect was slowly reversible at 10(-4) M and was about two times as great when the drug was on the endothelial as compared to the epithelial side. @entity1483 had a similar effect on CI transport, but the dose-response curves of the two drugs were not parallel. @entity1483 was about 60 to 200 times less potent than @entity11623 . The effect of @entity1483 was about five times as great when the drug was on the endothelial rather than when it was placed on the epithelial side. @entity8875 (2 x 10(-2) M) also inhibited the active CI transport across the @entity267 , but it was equally effective on either side of the membrane. @entity11623 had no effect on the passive CI movements across the toad lens or frog skin in vitro. The response of the skin differs from that of @entity1483 and @entity8875 . These observations of the effects of @entity11623 on CI transport may be relevant to the mechanism of its diuretic actions in the kidney tubule.

title: The mode of action of @entity11623 : inhibition of chloride transport across the amphibian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8875 :: ('MESH:C031760', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiocyanate', 'thiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide', 'Furosemide']

entities_list: @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['Bumetanide', 'bumetanide']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: @entity2124 acts directly on liver cells; it binds to its receptor and induces a multitude of intracellular events leading, for example, to the production of @entity442 ( @entity442 ). While much is known about the biochemical side of these events, their structural correlates are less well examined. Here, we examined livers of @entity19 (TM) expressing @entity1 GH, in an attempt to correlate at the cellular level the site of GH gene expression with effects on morphology and mitotic behavior of liver cells within the hepatic architecture. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry we observed a striking expression pattern of the hGH gene in hepatocytes near the periportal spaces. In the same regions, the hGH protein, but no @entity442 immunoreactive product, was detected using immunohistochemical methods. In the sections of TM livers, 6.8-31.9% of cells were hGH-immunoreactive. However, the cellular hGH staining pattern was not homogeneously distributed in the immunoreactive cells. Two main patterns became obvious. In the majority of the immunoreactive cells a cytoplasmic stain was present. These cells exhibited normal liver cell features and were not enlarged (type I). In the other group (type II), the staining was stronger and concentrated, sometimes punctuate, and often confined to cytoplasmic compartments which were in a perinuclear position. The latter staining pattern was generally seen in morphologically altered cells, which were enlarged and possessed intranuclear inclusions and @entity3473 . In the the periportal regions, mitotically active hepatocytes were evident, but these cells, as judged from immunocytochemistry, apparently did not express the transgene. In conclusion, different staining patterns for hGH may indicate different levels of transgene expression, which could be associated with difficulties in the cells with regard processing and/or secreting the hormone. In addition to the endocrine actions implied by the high hGH levels in the peripheral circulation of these TM, intracrine actions are also suggested (type II staining pattern), but para- and autocrine loops are possible as well (type I staining pattern). Whether @entity442 is involved, and the mechanism underlying hepatocyte cell proliferation, remain to be examined.

title: Visualizing the expression of a @entity1 XXXX (hGH) transgene in the liver: intrahepatic regional and intracellular differences of expression are associated with morphological alterations and hepatocellular proliferation.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['invaginations']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) is common, but only 2%-4% of DVTs involve the upper extremities (Roos in Am J Surg 154:568-73, 1987). Upper extremity @entity1150 has a primary or secondary cause, and primary @entity715 is much rarer than secondary @entity715 . Primary @entity2045 @entity1150 comprises @entity49 and idiopathic @entity715 . Effort subclavian @entity49 , also called @entity14385 , is an uncommon entity, which usually develops after strenuous effort of the upper extremities. Effort @entity715 of the @entity2045 has been described in athletes involved in a wide variety of sports, including ball games, combatant sport and heavy athletics, games with rackets or clubs, and aquatic sports (Zell et al. in Angiology 52:337-42, 2001). Push-up exercise is a strengthening exercise for building up strength and endurance in the muscles of the upper arm and shoulders. It is also considered to be a core exercise in shoulder rehabilitation programs to activate the serratus anterior muscle in @entity1 with shoulder dysfunction (Ludewig et al. in J Sports Med 32:484-93, 2004). We report what to our knowledge is the first case of effort @entity1150 of an @entity2045 caused by push-up exercise.

title: Push-up exercise induced XXXX of the subclavian vein in a young @entity1 : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'effort venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity14385 :: ('MESH:D056824', 'Disease') :: ['Paget-Schroetter syndrome']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy for the treatment of @entity1516 is a new indication for anaesthesia. In a clinical trial of 65 treatments in 53 @entity1 , the anaesthetic procedure is shown. Regional anaesthesia, mainly plexus blocks of the upper and lower extremities, was performed in nearly all cases. The various localisations of the @entity1516 and the types of anaesthetic techniques used are shown in Table 1. In all, we performed 9 epidural blocks, 2 spinal blocks, 29 axillary blocks, 3 supraclavicular perivascular blocks (Winnie), 1 psoas compartment block, and 20 sciatic/femoral 3-in-1 blocks. The shock waves used for this therapy are several times stronger than those used for nephrolithotripsy. Furthermore, the shockwaves are focused on bone and periosteum, which is abundantly innervated. Therefore, in contrast to nephro-lithotripsy with second-generation lithotripters, anaesthesia must be performed for this therapy. We chose regional anaesthesia for several reasons: the procedures are located in the arms or legs, which can readily be anaesthetised by regional blocks. The duration of treatment ranged up to several hours. By using regional anaesthesia, we were able to avoid unnecessary exposure to general anaesthetics. Finally, most of the @entity1 wanted to stay awake during the new treatment and therefore opted for regional techniques. A typical set-up for the treatment is shown in Fig 1. In 67% of the @entity1 @entity174 healing was significantly improved by the new therapy. Acceptance of therapy and anaesthesia by the @entity1 was very good.

title: [Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) for XXXX . A new indication for regional anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis', 'pseudarthroses']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudoarthrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Investigation of a technique for nonsurgical female sterilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A custom designed @entity902 microcoil with Dacron fibers was placed unilaterally into a fallopian tube and uterine horn of 10 @entity95 after transcervical selective tubal catheterization with use of fluoroscopic guidance. The contralateral uterus and fallopian tube served as controls. After the @entity95 were bred, pregnancy was determined by palpation and confirmed at autopsy. Postmortem histopathologic evaluation of uteri and fallopian tubes was performed. RESULTS: Nine of the 10 @entity95 became pregnant. None of the animals had embryos on the microcoil side. Nine @entity95 had a total of 45 embryos on the control side. One animal failed to become pregnant on either side. The microcoil remained in good position in all 10 @entity95 . There was a microcoil-associated, mild inflammatory tissue response in the uteri and fallopian tubes. CONCLUSION: A @entity902 occlusion microcoil placed in a utero-tubal location has potential as a means for nonsurgical female sterilization.

title: Experimental nonsurgical transcervical sterilization with a custom-designed XXXX microcoil.

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 42-year-old @entity1 , with recurrent @entity625 and @entity5406 for 7 years, was admitted because of recent onset of bouts of rapid heart rate. A 2/6 systolic murmur at Erb's point was the only contributory finding on physical examination. INVESTIGATIONS: The transaminases and gamma-GT were elevated, as were total @entity165 , LDL fraction, IgM, total protein, gamma-globulin and IgM. Antimitochondrial antibodies, especially anti-M2, were positive, while rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein were negative. ANA, ANCA and antibodies against double-strand DNA were not demonstrated. ENA screening was negative. Abdominal computed tomography showed discrete @entity9744 . Liver biopsy revealed @entity2835 , i.e. the early stage of @entity2835 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: On treatment with @entity10055 (10 mg/kg daily) the @entity1 has remained free of symptoms for 3 years and laboratory tests no longer showed evidence of @entity409 . CONCLUSION: @entity2835 should be included in the differential diagnosis of recurrent @entity625 and @entity5406 , as early treatment with @entity10055 can favourably influence its course.

title: [Unusual diagnosis in recurrent XXXX , @entity5406 and arrhythmia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['Primary biliary cirrhosis', 'primary biliary cirrhosis', 'chronic destructive cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis of the large joints', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impaired liver function']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: En bloc or extralesional resection means resection of the @entity5 in one piece together with a layer of healthy tissue: the margin is either marginal or wide. The prerequisite for an en bloc or extralesional spondylectomy is a @entity5 involvement of no more than one side of the posterior structures, so that a corridor can be created through which the spinal cord is released. This article presents a two-stage, combined anterior and posterolateral, three-level en bloc spondylectomy, and local flap wound coverage for a @entity1 with a recurrent @entity281 wound after intralesional treatment. The @entity1 had radiation therapy for an L4 @entity978 5 years before the development of the post-radiation @entity242 . Two-stage, three-level en bloc spondylectomy was done through a combined anterior and posterolateral approach. The resection margins were microscopically negative. @entity937 occurred intraoperatively because of tightly adherent dense scar tissue. Two years after spondylectomy, there was no evidence of @entity5 or @entity281 recurrence; however, the @entity1 died from her @entity706 . In surgically difficult spinal resections, we recommend the two-stage, combined anterior and posterolateral approach for en bloc spondylectomy. The staged procedure may provide for reduced perioperative complications and mortality, and meticulous dissection in the irradiated area, especially if infected. The combined approach provides for easier and safer dissection of the @entity5 and the spine from the anterior elements under direct visual control, and wide @entity5 resection.

title: Two-stage, combined, three-level en bloc spondylectomy for a recurrent post-radiation XXXX of the lumbar spine.

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['Dural tear']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'post-radiation sarcoma of the lumbar spine and infected']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: @entity2790 (IOP) leads, by an unknown mechanism, to apoptotic @entity5995 ganglion cell (RGC) death in @entity726 . We now report cleavage of the autoinhibitory domain of the protein phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) in two rodent models of increased IOP. Cleaved CaN was not detected in @entity35 or @entity19 eyes with normal IOP. In in vitro systems, this constitutively active cleaved form of CaN has been reported to lead to apoptosis via dephosphorylation of the proapoptotic @entity1976 family member, @entity2309 . In a @entity35 model of @entity726 , we similarly detect increased @entity2309 dephosphorylation, increased cytoplasmic cytochrome c (cyt c), and @entity989 . Oral treatment of @entity35 with increased IOP with the CaN inhibitor @entity1140 led to a reduction in @entity2309 dephosphorylation and cyt c release. In accord with these biochemical results, we observed a marked increase in both RGC survival and optic nerve preservation. These data are consistent with a CaN-mediated mechanism of @entity101 . CaN cleavage was not observed at any time after optic nerve crush, suggesting that axon damage alone is insufficient to trigger cleavage. These findings implicate this mechanism of CaN activation in a chronic @entity179 . These data demonstrate that increased IOP leads to the initiation of a CaN-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in @entity726 and support neuroprotective strategies for this blinding disease.

title: Calcineurin cleavage is triggered by elevated intraocular pressure, and calcineurin inhibition blocks retinal ganglion cell death in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased IOP toxicity']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RGC death']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the intraurethral application of liposomal @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) with intracavernosal injection of @entity5015 in @entity1 with organic or psychogenic @entity323 ( @entity323 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Penile tumescence and @entity2003 were classified by palpation in 25 @entity1 (10 with psychogenic and 15 with organic @entity323 : median age 45 years, range 23-67). All @entity1 were undergoing primary treatment for @entity323 , the median (range) duration of which was 2 3 (2-44) months. After administering @entity5015 by each route (1 mg intraurethral and 0.02 or 0.01 mg intracavernosal), the degree of erection was assessed and duplex ultrasonography of the deep penile artery was performed. RESULTS: After the intraurethral application of liposomal @entity5015 , there was mild penile tumescence in 12 @entity1 with organic @entity323 , the others having no response. In contrast, intracavernosal injection produced sufficient @entity2003 in 13 @entity1 with organic @entity323 , while two only had a slight increase in tumescence. In @entity1 with psychogenic @entity323 , intraurethral application gave adequate @entity2003 in six, with four having little or no tumescence, and intracavernosal injection induced sufficient @entity2003 for intercourse in all. Duplex ultrasonography of the deep penile artery of the penis showed that intraurethral application induced lower flow rates than intracavernosal injection. No @entity1 reported @entity158 after intraurethral application but two of 25 reported severe @entity158 after intracavernosal injection. CONCLUSIONS: The intraurethral application of liposomal @entity5015 did not produce sufficient @entity2003 and was not effective in @entity1 with organic @entity323 . However, it did produce sufficient @entity2003 in six of 10 @entity1 with psychogenic @entity323 and may thus provide a therapeutic alternative in selected @entity1 .

title: Comparison of intraurethral liposomal and intracavernosal @entity5015 in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin-E1', 'PGE1']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor ( @entity11524 ), the major endogenous inhibitor of extrinsic coagulation pathway activation, protects renal function in experimental crescentic @entity631 ( @entity631 ). Its glomerular expression and relationship to TF expression and fibrin deposition in @entity1 crescentic @entity631 have not been reported. METHODS: Glomerular @entity11524 , TF, and @entity3980 ( @entity3980 ) expression were correlated in renal biopsies from 11 @entity1 with crescentic @entity631 . Biopsies from 11 @entity1 with @entity631 and two normal kidneys were used as controls. RESULTS: @entity11524 was undetectable in control glomeruli but was detectable in interstitial microvessels. In crescentic biopsies, @entity11524 was detected in cellular crescents and was more prominent in fibrous/fibrocellular crescents, indicating a correlation with the chronicity of crescentic lesions. @entity11524 appeared to be associated with macrophages but not endothelial or epithelial cells. @entity11524 was generally undetectable in regions of the glomerular tuft with minimal damage. In contrast, TF and @entity3980 were strongly expressed in regions of minimal injury, as well as in more advanced proliferative and @entity39 lesions. Despite prominent TF expression, @entity3980 was less prominent in fibrous/fibrocellular crescents in which @entity11524 expression was maximal. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity11524 is strongly expressed in the later stages of crescent formation and is inversely correlated with the presence of @entity3980 in @entity1 crescentic @entity631 . This late induction of @entity11524 may inhibit TF activity and @entity146 in the chronic stages of crescent formation.

title: Tissue factor pathway inhibitor expression in XXXX crescentic @entity631 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['favor reduced fibrin deposition']

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['FRA', 'fibrin-related antigen']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['thin basement membrane disease', 'GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Multicenter clinical trials have established that the adjunctive use of the subgingival controlled release of @entity1216 , in the form of the PerioChip, significantly reduces pocket probing depth, improves probing attachment levels, and reduces @entity548 on probing compared to scaling and root planing alone, for periods up to 9 months. The purpose of the present study was to report on the adjunctive use of the PerioChip for the long-term management of @entity7278 for 2 years. A total of 836 @entity1 with @entity7278 from private dental offices were recruited into the trial. This interim report is on the first 72 @entity1 to have completed the 2-year study. Treatments included initial definitive therapy followed by PerioChip placement in pocket sites with a pocket probing depth of > or = 5 mm after 1 month. Subsequently, the @entity1 received routine periodontal maintenance therapy together with the placement of a PerioChip in pockets with pocket probing depths > or = 5 mm every 3 months. Results indicated that there was a continuous decrease in pocket probing depth over the 2 years (1.26 +/- 0.77 mm). This decrease in pocket probing depth was marked over the first 9 to 12 months, and then appeared to be less marked over the next 12 months. At 2 years, 60% of the @entity1 had at least 2 pockets showing a reduction of 2 mm or more, and only 10% of the @entity1 showed no change or increased pocket probing depth. The results indicate that adjunctive PerioChip use is a clinically effective treatment option for dental professionals and their @entity1 for the long-term management of @entity7278 .

title: Using the PerioChip in treating XXXX : an interim report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['adult periodontitis']


abstract: @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ) is a linear high molecular weight extracellular polysaccharide. It is thought to be involved in mitosis and the enhancement of wound healing, @entity5 invasion, and @entity3 . Because its clinical relevance in @entity5 has not been explored, we scored @entity8273 in @entity14 and studied its relationship with @entity1 survival. A specific probe prepared from cartilage proteoglycan aggregates was used to stain @entity982 -embedded @entity5 samples from 202 @entity14 @entity1 treated in Kuopio University Hospital and followed up for a mean of 14 years. The hypothesis that the percentage of @entity189 cells ( @entity8273 %) and @entity8273 intensity in @entity5 cells correlated with survival was tested with the log-rank test, hazard ratios, and their confidence intervals. Ninety-three % of @entity5 had at least a proportion of @entity189 cells positive for @entity8273 . @entity8273 intensity in @entity5 epithelium was stronger in Dukes' stages C and D @entity5 and in high-grade @entity5 . The @entity5 -related survival rate was lower among @entity1 with strong @entity8273 intensity in @entity5 epithelium (P < 0.001) and high @entity8273 % (P < 0.001). Recurrence-free survival was also shorter in @entity1 with an intense signal for @entity8273 (P = 0.001) and high @entity8273 % in @entity5 epithelium (P = 0.04). @entity8273 intensity in @entity5 epithelium independently predicted survival and recurrence-free survival (Cox's analysis). We conclude that a high proportion of @entity8273 -positive @entity5 cells and high intensity of the @entity8273 -signal predicts a poor survival rate. The abnormal expression of @entity8273 in the neoplastic colon epithelial cells is suggested to provide a distinct advantage for invasive growth and @entity3 .

title: @entity5 cell-associated hyaluronan as an unfavorable prognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'Hyaluronan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'HA-positive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The current study examined the explanatory role of satisfaction of parental psychological needs in effects of @entity146 on various adolescent-perceived parenting behaviors in middle adolescence. Research questions were examined in a large multi-informant, prospective community study of ethnic majority Belgian families (N  =  609, 49.7% @entity1 ). Aggression was rated by parents when @entity1 were in middle childhood (M age  =  7.5 years) using the @entity1 Behavior Checklist. Parents reported on satisfaction of their needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness when @entity1 were in preadolescence (M age  =  10.5 years) and early adolescence (M age  =  13.5 years) using the Parenting Stress Index. Parenting behaviors were rated by adolescents in early adolescence (M age  =  13.5 years) and in middle adolescence (M age  =  15.5 years), using the Parenting Scale (overreactive discipline), the Psychological Control Scale, Youth Self-Report (psychological control), and the Parenting Practices Questionnaire (warmth). Mediation of associations from aggression to parenting by parents' psychological needs was examined using multiple mediation structural equation modeling analyses. @entity146 was related to decreased satisfaction of parents' needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy in early adolescence. Satisfaction of parents' needs for relatedness and, to a lesser extent, competence affected later parenting, and satisfaction of all three needs affected changes in parenting. Relations were specific for the different parenting constructs but similar across parental gender. Targeting parents' psychological needs may aid effectiveness of interventions that are aimed at decreasing (psychologically, overreactive) controlling parenting and at increasing supportive parenting.

title: Effects of XXXX on parenting during adolescence: the role of parental psychological need satisfaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['childhood aggression', 'Childhood aggression']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['childhood aggression']


abstract: The capacity of @entity286 (Nicotiana rustica) leaf discs to incorporate @entity4307 (14)C into proteins was measured. Leaf discs were obtained from plants which experienced soil water depletion, or which were exposed to a saline or osmotic stress in the root medium. The stresses were brief of relatively short duration and water potential did not decrease below 4 bars in the root media. Leaf discs were sampled 2 hours after stress removal, achieved by reirrigation, or replacement of saline and osmotic solutions with normal nutrient solution. Plants were always turgid when leaves were sampled.All stressed tissues showed reduced capacity to incorporate @entity4307 (14)C into protein. The reduction was about 50% and could not be attributed either to reduced uptake into the discs, or to possible @entity9913 . Incorporation decreased progressively with leaf age in control discs as well as in stressed leaf discs. At all ages tested, incorporation in stressed discs was lower than that of the control. Full recovery of incorporation capacity in stressed discs was obtained when discs were sampled 72 hours after stress removal but not earlier.Kinetin pretreatment prior to incubation with labelled @entity368 partially restored incorporation in stressed discs. The differences in response to kinetin of stressed and control discs suggest a lower endogenous level of cytokinins in the stressed discs. The results were qualitatively similar regardless of the kind of stress given to the plants during pretreatment. This supports the hypothesis that the normal supply of root cytokinins is important in shoot metabolism.

title: Water and salt stresses, kinetin and protein synthesis in XXXX leaves.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity4307 :: ('CHEBI:15603', 'Chemical') :: ['l-leucine']

entities_list: @entity9913 :: ('MESH:C566872', 'Disease') :: ['isotopic dilution']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity4282 (SSEH) has been reported as a rare condition especially in childhood. Because its symptoms are atypical, it is not easy to diagnose the onset of SSEH. However, with wider use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), several SSEH cases, especially not requiring surgical intervention, have been reported. We report on a 12-year-old @entity1 who presented with a 5-day history of progressive @entity158 in his back and extremities and @entity1183 of his lower legs. An MRI of the spine demonstrated a dorsal epidural @entity1410 extending from C4 to T4, and the axial scan of the MRI revealed a posterior @entity1410 . @entity51 was estimated as not severe and not progressive, therefore surgery was postponed, and the @entity1 was discharged without surgical intervention. Seven months later, MRI and myelography were performed, and we confirmed that the @entity4282 was absorbed. There have been some cases showing spontaneous regression of SSEH, and in younger than 18 years old, most of those cases that were treated with hematopathy such as @entity447 and spontaneous regression after SSEH correlated to larger size of @entity1410 . Because of @entity548 tendencies in these cases the spinal cord was not pressed by the @entity1410 ; this contributed conclusively to the prognosis. On the contrary, the 12-year-old @entity1 , not having @entity548 tendency, had the larger lesion of SSEH and recovered spontaneously without surgical intervention. Evaluation of MRI findings and @entity51 in SSEH cases is important for deciding the indication of surgical intervention.

title: Non-operative treated spontaneous @entity4282 in a 12-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['spinal epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'Neurological deficit']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of severe @entity1120 was dramatically improved by the development of enzyme replacement therapy. However, this treatment is very costly (currently about  21,000 per infusion for adults at the starting dose recommended by the manufacturer). The goal of this study was to determine how enzyme replacement therapy was being prescribed and financially supported in various parts of Canada. In addition, demographic and outcome information was elicited. METHODS: Prescribing physicians were identified through professional associations and with the help of the manufacturer of the enzyme preparations used for the treatment of @entity1120 . The physicians were surveyed by questionnaire in July 1995. The study included all @entity1 in Canada who had received enzyme replacement therapy for @entity1120 before July 1, 1995. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 (15 @entity1 and 10 adults) with type 1 @entity1120 , the common nonneuronopathic variant of the disease, were receiving enzyme replacement therapy by the end of 1995. The indications for treatment included massive @entity381 , @entity851 , and severe bony, @entity1503 ; no @entity1 with mild disease were receiving treatment. Treatment regimens varied markedly (from 12 to 160 units of enzyme/kg per month). All the @entity1 were reported to have responded well to therapy, based on serial measurements of hematologic indices, liver and spleen volumes, and numbers of bony crises as well as @entity1 ' subjective impressions. Financial support for therapy varied markedly from one province to another. None of the reporting physicians was aware of any @entity1 with severe @entity1120 who were denied therapy as a result of inability to pay for the medication. Various agencies provided financial support for therapy, including both federal and provincial governments, private insurance carriers and the commercial supplier of the enzyme. In Ontario provincial health care officials accepted the development, by a multidisciplinary panel of medical experts, of formal guidelines for determining eligibility, on the basis of objective medical criteria, for reimbursement for enzyme replacement treatment. INTERPRETATION: Although some differences were found across the country with respect to the details of treatment, the indications for enzyme replacement therapy and the selection of severely affected @entity1 were similar in the various provinces. However, financial support was inconsistent and varied among provinces and @entity1 . This will prove to be a challenge in future, not only with respect to this disease but also for other diseases for which effective, expensive therapy has been developed.

title: Enzyme replacement therapy for XXXX : the early Canadian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic and pulmonary complications of the disease']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ["Gaucher's disease"]

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher's disease']


abstract: Collagen induced @entity625 is an experimental animal model of inflammatory polyarthropathy that has many features of @entity1 @entity309 . Type II collagen is the major matrix protein of hyaline cartilage and is a sequestered protein which can be presented as an autoantigen under certain conditions. To induce @entity29941 , type II collagen is injected intradermally with complete Freund's adjuvant. Susceptibility to @entity29941 is dependent on the presence of the trimolecular complex: 1) the arthritogenic epitope on the type II collagen; 2) a class II MHC molecule on the accessory cell presenting the arthritogenic epitope; and 3) T cells expressing specific V beta chains in their TCRs. Complement and other non-MHC background genes also may play a role in susceptibility to @entity29941 . Both cell mediated and humoral immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity29941 . To date immunotherapies that have modulated @entity29941 include use of anti-class Ii antibodies, anti-lymphokines, and monoclonal antibodies directed against specific cellular markers. All of these therapies are able to modulate disease to some extent but lack the specificity and efficacy to make them practical for widespread use in @entity1 disease. Most promising, is the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against specific V beta TCR subsets. This is potentially a very specific and effective therapy because it will affect only the cells involved in disease while leaving the host otherwise immunocompetent. Therapies on the horizon include the use of synthetic peptides with sequences homologous to various regions on the TCR, immunotoxins, and superantigens to modulate the immune response and ameliorate disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunogenetics of collagen induced @entity625 in mice: a model for @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['polyarthritis']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate @entity0 screening with mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in high-risk populations, including @entity1 with the @entity5345 mutation, using an evidence-based approach. METHODS: The MEDLINE, PubMed, EBM Reviews, ACP Journal Club, Cochrane Database MEDSEARCH, and SCOPUS databases were accessed and searched for articles up to August 2007. Articles were collected using the following terms and medical subject headings (MeSH) that applied to the focused clinical question: " @entity5345 " and " @entity2674 " with "mammography," "MRI," "prevention," "screening," and "surveillance." References from retrieved articles were also used to identify relevant papers. Abstracts were screened and relevant papers retrieved. Retrieved papers were graded for quality. Summary performance measures were obtained by random effects modeling of study-specific performance estimates and standard errors derived from the multiple 2 x 2 tables. Additionally, studies meeting the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level 2b quality were reviewed. RESULTS: In @entity1 with an increased risk without the @entity5345 gene, @entity5 detection rates by MRI were 0.011 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.003-0.019), by mammography 0.005 (95% CI 0.002-0.008), and by a combination of both, 0.012 (95% CI 0.004-0.020). False-positive rates by MRI, mammography, or a combination of both were 0.10 (95% CI 0.03-0.18), 0.05 (95% CI 0.03-0.06), and 0.14 (95% CI 0.04-0.24). In @entity5345 positive @entity1 , @entity5 detection rates by MRI were 0.027 (95% CI 0.015-0.040), by mammography 0.010 (95% CI 0.005-0.016), and by a combination of both 0.031 (95% CI 0.018-0.045). False-positive rates by MRI, mammography, or a combination of both were 0.10 (95% CI 0.01-0.19), 0.05 (95% CI 0.03-0.07), and 0.14 (95% CI 0.04-0.24), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The data support an essential role for screening MRI in @entity1 with an increased risk for @entity0 .

title: MRI and mammography surveillance of XXXX at increased risk for @entity0 : recommendations using an evidence-based approach.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation in adult @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and investigate its relevant prognostic factors. METHODS: A total of 96 adult @entity1 with @entity981 who had admitted to our hospital from November 1986 to June 2004 were followed up till February 28, 2005. They were divided into autologous stem cell transplantation (Auto- @entity12497 ) group (n = 56) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo- @entity12497 ) group (n = 40). Auto- @entity12497 group was further divided to treated subgroup, in which @entity1 received graft-purified transplantation and (or) maintenance immunotherapy or chemotherapy after transplantation (n = 26), and non-treated subgroup (n = 30). Clinical characteristics of these groups were retrospectively analyzed. Survival date were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the prognostic factors were analyzed with the COX regression model. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year @entity1778 -free-survival (LFS) were not significantly different between the auto- @entity12497 group and the allo- @entity12497 group. The 3-and 5-year LFS of auto- @entity12497 treated subgroup, auto- @entity12497 non-treated subgroup and allo- @entity12497 group were [(73.0 +/- 8.7)%, (69.2 +/- 9.0)%], [(42.2 +/- 10.1)%, (35.1 +/- 10.0)%], and [(50.9 +/- 8.2)%, (50.9 +/- 8.2)%], respectively, which showed statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The long-term LFS is similar after auto- @entity12497 and after allo- @entity12497 . Purified graft and maintain immunotherapy or chemotherapy post-transplantation may decrease the relapse rate after auto- @entity12497 and improve survival.

title: [Autologous versus allogeneic stem cell transplantation in adult XXXX with @entity981 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of @entity660 . STUDY DESIGN: We performed a blind, prospective study on percutaneous aspirates from 28 radiographically identified cysts, including 6 inflammatory cysts (5 pseudocysts and 1 abscess), 4 @entity12679 , 1 @entity4294 , 5 @entity14775 , 6 @entity4347 and 6 @entity45 . RESULTS: Four of six (67%) @entity7157 were identified as malignant, and the other two, which lacked sufficient morphologic criteria for @entity5 , as consistent with mucinous @entity5 . Two of five @entity14775 were correctly classified. One, which contained atypical cells, did not appear to be mucinous on the ThinPrep, and one, which lacked an epithelial component, was suggested because of the presence of @entity3558 in the background. The fifth one contained inflammatory cells only. One of four @entity12679 produced a diagnostic specimen. FNAB of the @entity4294 was nondiagnostic. Five of six inflammatory cysts (83%) were correctly diagnosed, whereas one case produced an acellular, nondiagnostic specimen. Six of 28 (23%) cases were @entity45 , aspirated under the presumption that they were @entity45 based on radiologic studies: only one case, a @entity25511 of the stomach, was correctly diagnosed; the other five cases were nondiagnostic, and in two of these the assumption that the cysts were pancreatic in origin precluded an accurate classification. CONCLUSION: FNAB of @entity660 can differentiate mucinous from nonmucinous @entity45 and provide definitive evidence of @entity5 . In some cases, @entity12679 can be diagnosed. Pseudocysts can be suspected on the basis of an inflammatory smear lacking both epithelial cells and background @entity3558 , but this finding is not specific. @entity75 constitute a significant percentage of cases aspirated as @entity45 and present a major pitfall in cytologic interpretation.

title: Cytologic diagnosis of XXXX . A prospective study of 28 percutaneous aspirates.

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['cystic islet cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity25511 :: ('MESH:D018283', 'Disease') :: ['papillary cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic neoplasm', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Nonpancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14775 :: ('MESH:D018297', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts', 'nonpancreatic cysts']

entities_list: @entity12679 :: ('MESH:D018293', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cystic lesions']