abstract: BACKGROUND: The large polymorphic protein PfEMP1 is encoded by the var gene family. PfEMP1 has been shown to play an important role as cytoadherence ligand on the surface of infected erythrocytes and thereby contributes to the distinct pathogenesis of @entity311 . The study explored the diversity of the DBL1a and DBL2b-C2 domains of the protein from Indonesian @entity3964 field isolates. METHODS: Samples of @entity1 with severe and uncomplicated @entity311 from two different @entity311 areas in Indonesia were collected and DNA directly extracted. Dried blood on filter paper was prepared for RNA extraction. PCR amplicons were either cloned and subsequently sequenced or directly sequenced for analysis on @entity377 and @entity535 level. Recently published as well as self-designed primers were used for amplification. RESULTS: Blood from eight @entity1 was finally used for analysis. Seventy-one different sequences out of over 500 DBL1a sequenced clones were observed, resulting in an average of 8.9 different DBL1a sequences per isolate. The average DBL1a sequence similarity within isolates was similar to between isolates. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated no clustering of sequences regarding strain or geographical origin. The DBL1a sequences were analysed by distribution of semi-conserved features ( @entity462 /PoLV1-4 grouping) and classified into six sequence groups. The DBL1a cys2 type was observed in all expressed sequences in vivo. Expression of certain DBL sequences implied potential involvement in the pathogenesis. As expected, the DBL2b-C2 domains showed high to moderate homology among each other. CONCLUSION: The DBL1a domains of PfEMP1 from clinical Indonesian isolates showed high divergence among same isolates and some similarities with other Asia-Pacific strains. Further investigations of important var gene domains with a larger sample size are required to confirm with statistical significance observed associations with severe @entity311 in Indonesian samples.

title: Diversity of the var gene family of Indonesian XXXX isolates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria-endemic', 'malaria']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the inflammatory involvement of lumbar interspinous bursae in @entity1 with @entity2760 rheumatica (PMR) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Ten consecutive, untreated new @entity1 with PMR and @entity158 in the shoulder and pelvic girdles were investigated. Seven @entity1 with @entity1691 (4 with psoriatic spondyloarthrits, one with @entity1691 , and 2 with @entity1691 ) as well as 2 @entity1 with @entity27590 @entity1 with @entity309 with @entity158 served as controls. MRI of lumbar spine was performed in all PMR @entity1 and controls. Nine @entity1 (5 PMR @entity1 and 4 controls) also had MRI of the thoracic spine. RESULTS: MRI evidence of @entity2585 was found in 9/10 @entity1 with PMR and in 5/11 controls. A moderate to marked (grade >= 2 on a semiquantitative 0-3 scale) lumbar @entity2585 occurred significantly more frequently in @entity1 with PMR than in control @entity1 (60% vs. 9%, p=0.020). In most of the @entity1 and controls lumbar @entity2585 was found at the L3-L5 interspaces. Only 2 @entity1 had @entity2585 at a different level (one @entity1 had @entity2585 , and one control at L2-L4). No interspinous @entity2585 was demonstrated by MRI of the thoracic spine in @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation of lumbar bursae may be responsible for the @entity1643 reported by @entity1 with PMR. The prominent inflammatory involvement of bursae including those of the lumbar spine supports the hypothesis that PMR may be a disorder affecting predominantly extra-articular synovial structures.

title: Lumbar interspinous XXXX in @entity2760 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity27590 :: ('MESH:D055013', 'Disease') :: ['spinal osteoarthritis and 2']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['interspinous lumbar bursitis', 'widespread lumbar bursitis', 'bursitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'spondyloarthritis', 'entheropatic spondyloarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['bursitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 59-year-old @entity1 with @entity82 underwent an orthotopic liver transplant and experienced a complicated postoperative course, including a prolonged @entity933 . After discharge to rehabilitation, he had 2 subsequent admissions for @entity933 . On the first readmission, the transplant team started the @entity1 on @entity1090 and resumed treatment with @entity3756 . On his second readmission, neurology and psychiatry were consulted. On evaluation, the @entity1 demonstrated signs of @entity2436 . On the basis of recommendations from psychiatry, the @entity1090 and @entity3756 were stopped, and the @entity1 was started on @entity13332 . He failed to demonstrate improvement within the next 48 hours. Extensive work-up demonstrated a multifactorial etiology for his @entity933 , including calcineurin-related @entity137 from @entity1140 leading to possible posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome. However, after the initiation of @entity3393 on hospital day 3-before the cessation of @entity1140 -the @entity1 demonstrated marked improvement in mental status and motor symptoms. His magnetic resonance imaging, in addition to findings that raised concerns about posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome, had demonstrated bilateral basal ganglia abnormalities on T1 imaging of uncertain origin. It is postulated that these findings served as predisposing factors for the @entity1 's @entity2437 symptoms. Although it has been described in case reports following liver transplant, @entity2436 remains an underrecognized @entity146 following liver transplant. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of @entity3393 , an @entity1024 antagonist that decreases @entity3264 excitotoxicity, as a potential treatment for @entity2436 in postliver transplant @entity1 .

title: Prolonged @entity933 With @entity2436 Following Orthotopic Liver Transplant Responsive to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric complication']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

entities_list: @entity2437 :: ('MESH:D012560', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity3393 :: (MESH:D008559,Chemical) :: ['Memantine']


abstract: Chronic exposure to inorganic @entity3494 , a widely distributed environmental contaminant, can lead to toxic effects, including immunosuppression. Owing to the established roles of @entity1 macrophages in immune defense, we determined, in the present study, whether inorganic @entity3494 can affect these major immune cells. Our results demonstrate that noncytotoxic concentrations of @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ), an inorganic trivalent form, markedly impair differentiated features of @entity1 blood monocyte-derived macrophages. First, treatment of macrophages with 1 microM @entity9188 induced a rapid cell rounding and a subsequent loss of adhesion. These morphologic alterations were associated with a marked reorganization of actin cytoskeleton, which includes retraction of peripheral actin extensions and formation of a cortical actin ring. In addition, @entity9188 reduced expression of various macrophagic surface markers, enhanced that of the monocytic marker @entity5750 , and altered both endocytosis and phagocytosis; unexpectedly, exposure of macrophages to the metalloid also strongly potentiated expression of @entity310 and @entity687 induced by @entity558 . Finally, like monocytes, @entity9188 -treated macrophages can be differentiated into dendritic-like cells. Impairment of macrophage function by @entity9188 mainly resulted from activation of a @entity3547 /Rho-associated kinase pathway; indeed, pretreatment of macrophages with the Rho-associated kinase inhibitor @entity12223 prevented metalloid effects on cytoskeleton and phagocytosis. Moreover, @entity9188 was found to increase level of the active @entity3007 -bound form of @entity3547 and that of phosphorylated- @entity20037 , a major cytoskeleton adaptor protein involved in @entity3547 regulation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that @entity1 macrophages constitute sensitive targets of inorganic @entity3494 , which may contribute to immunotoxicity of this environmental contaminant.

title: @entity1 macrophages constitute targets for immunotoxic inorganic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: A 73-year-old @entity1 with normal cardiac function underwent an elective total knee arthroplasty. After skin closure, @entity1343 225 mg was injected into the knee and 25 mg was injected subcutaneously. The @entity1 recovered from general anesthesia 5 min after the surgery. Thirty five min after surgery, while in general radiology department her carotid arterial pulses were not palpable. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated with intravenous (i.v.) administration of @entity1425 1 mg. Circulation was rapidly restored. Coronary angiography demonstrated no coronary stenosis; however, left ventriculography demonstrated @entity661 . The @entity1 regained consciousness, but @entity3126 and @entity177 became worse. On postoperative day 2, continuous hemodialysis was instituted. Weaning from ventilatory support was completed on postoperative day 3; hemodialysis was stopped on day 14; and the @entity1 left the intensive care unit on day 15. We believe @entity1167 may have been precipitated by local anesthetic systemic @entity137 (LAST), and administration of i. v. @entity1425 1 mg may have resulted in @entity3126 . @entity1 should be carefully observed following local anesthetic with attention given to the side-effects of i. v. @entity1425 .

title: [A Case of XXXX following Intra-articular Administration of @entity1343 during Total Knee Arthroplasty].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['takotsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Major @entity548 is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality after @entity301 ( @entity301 ). To avoid prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), current guidelines recommend using a bare metal stent when @entity301 is indicated to treat @entity1 at high risk of @entity548 . The @entity41976 -coated BioFreedom is a new stainless steel drug-coated stent devoid of polymer and has been shown to be associated with a low median late-loss of 0.17 mm at 12 months of follow-up. In an animal model, 98% of the drug has diffused into the vessel wall at 1 month. It is therefore reasonable to consider that such a device may have a potential safety advantage, and a lesser dependence on prolonged @entity39629 than a polymer-coated drug-eluting stent. TRIAL DESIGN: A total of 2456 @entity1 considered at high risk of @entity548 will be randomized in a double-blind fashion to the BioFreedom drug-coated stent or to a control arm (Gazelle bare metal stent). Both groups will be treated with DAPT during 1 month only, followed by long-term @entity117 alone. At 1-year follow-up, the primary safety endpoint (a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 and stent @entity715 ) will be assessed by a non-inferiority analysis, and the primary efficacy endpoint (clinically driven @entity75 revascularization) by a superiority analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This trial should help better characterize a neglected subset of @entity301 @entity1 and quantify both their @entity715 and @entity548 risks. It has the potential to decrease the need for @entity75 revascularization in @entity1 unable to tolerate a prolonged course of DAPT and will assess the shortest DAPT course ever used with an active stent.

title: Rationale and design of the LEADERS FREE trial: A randomized double-blind comparison of the BioFreedom drug-coated stent vs the Gazelle bare metal stent in XXXX at high @entity548 risk using a short (1 month) course of dual antiplatelet therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['PCI', 'percutaneous coronary intervention']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 5-year-old male domestic longhair cat was examined because of urine spraying and masturbation. The cat had sprayed urine from the time it was acquired as a stray 4 years earlier. The cat was cryptorchid, and at 1 year of age, the scrotal testicle was removed. The cryptorchid testicle was surgically removed several months later; however, urine spraying and masturbation persisted. A diagnosis of territorial marking and separation @entity148 was made. Serum @entity251 concentration was within the reference range for sexually intact male @entity468 . Treatment included behavior modification and administration of @entity7782 (2 mg, p.o., q 12 h), which has been shown to have antiandrogenic effects in other species. Frequency of urine marking and masturbation decreased, along with serum @entity251 concentration. The cat continued to do well as long as medication was given consistently. Eventually, the cat underwent a laparotomy for removal of remnant testicular tissues but was then lost to follow-up.

title: Use of XXXX to control urine spraying and masturbation in a cat.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity7782 :: ('MESH:D003533', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproheptadine']

answer: @entity7782 :: (MESH:D003533,Chemical) :: ['cyproheptadine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the scale of drink spiking in our area and identify which drugs are being used to spike drinks and also to assess whether there is a problem with drink spiking in any particular establishment. METHODS: A prospective study of all @entity1 presenting to an emergency department with alleged drink spiking over a 12-month period. Samples were analysed for levels of @entity167 and drugs of misuse. Information was collected as to where the alleged spiking took place and the involvement of the police. RESULTS: 75 @entity1 attended with alleged drink spiking over the period of 12 months. 42 samples were analysed and tested positive for drugs of misuse in 8 (19%) cases. 65% of those tested had @entity167 concentrations >160 mg%. The alleged spiking took place in 23 different locations, with 2 locations accounting for 31% of responses. Only 14% of those questioned had informed the police. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 allegedly having had a spiked drink test negative for drugs of misuse. The symptoms are more likely to be a result of excess @entity167 .

title: A study of XXXX presenting to an emergency department having had a "spiked drink".

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recommended antibiotic prophylaxis by second-generation cephalosporins reduces the incidence of wound @entity281 and @entity3509 , but its effectiveness on @entity86 ( @entity86 ) after major lung resection lacks demonstration. We investigated risk factors and characteristics of @entity86 occurring when antibiotic prophylaxis by second-generation cephalosporin or an alternative prophylaxis targeting organisms responsible for bronchial colonization was used. METHODS: An 18-month prospective study on all @entity1 undergoing lung resections for noninfectious disease was performed. Prophylaxis by @entity5503 (3 g/24 h, over 48 hours) was used during the first 6 months, whereas @entity115 - @entity798 (6 g/24 h, over 24 hours) was used during the subsequent 12 months. Intraoperative bronchial aspirates were systematically cultured. @entity1 with suspicion of @entity55 underwent bronchoscopic sampling for culture. RESULTS: Included were 168 @entity1 in the first period and 277 @entity1 in the second period. The incidence of POP decreased by 45% during the second period (P = 0.0027). A significant reduction in antibiotic therapy requirement for postoperative @entity281 (P = 0.0044) was also observed. Thirty-day mortality decreased from 6.5% to 2.9% (P = 0.06). Multivariate analysis showed that type of resection, intraoperative colonization, @entity1030 , gender, body mass index, and type of prophylaxis were independent risk factors of POP. A case control-study that matched @entity1 of the two periods according to these risk factors (except for antibiotic prophylaxis) confirmed that the incidence of POP was lowered during the second period. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted antibiotic prophylaxis may decrease the rate of @entity86 after lung resection and improve outcome.

title: Should we change antibiotic prophylaxis for lung surgery? XXXX is the critical issue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonias', 'POPs']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the utility of a previously published scoring model (Italian) to identify @entity1 infected with community-onset extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-EKP) and develop a new model (Duke) based on local epidemiology. METHODS: This case-control study included @entity1 18 years of age or more admitted to Duke University Hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2010, with culture-confirmed @entity281 due to an ESBL-EKP (cases). Uninfected controls were matched to cases (3:1). The Italian model was applied to our @entity1 population for validation. The Duke model was developed through logistic-regression-based prediction scores calculated on variables independently associated with ESBL-EKP isolation. Sensitivities and specificities at various point cutoffs were determined, and determination of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) was performed. RESULTS: A total of 123 cases and 375 controls were identified. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for variables previously identified in the Italian model were as follows: hospitalization (3.20 [1.62-6.55]), transfer (4.31 [2.15-8.78]), urinary catheterization (5.92 [3.09-11.60]), b-lactam and/or fluoroquinolone therapy (3.76 [2.06-6.95]), age 70 years or more (1.55 [0.79-3.01]), and Charlson Comorbidity Score of 4 or above (1.06 [0.55-2.01]). Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, more than or equal to 95% and less than or equal to 47% for scores 3 or below and were less than or equal to 50% and more than or equal to 96% for scores 8 or above. The ROC AUC was 0.88. Variables identified in the Duke model were as follows: hospitalization (2.63 [1.32-5.41]), transfer (5.30 [2.67-10.71]), urinary catheterization (6.89 [3.62-13.38]), b-lactam and/or fluoroquinolone therapy (3.47 [1.91-6.41]), and immunosuppression (2.34 [1.14-4.80]). Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, more than or equal to 94% and less than or equal to 65% for scores 3 or below and were less than or equal to 58% and more than or equal to 95% for scores 8 or above. The ROC AUC was 0.89. CONCLUSION: While the previously reported model was an excellent predictor of community-onset ESBL-EKP @entity281 , models utilizing factors based on local epidemiology may be associated with improved performance.

title: Utility of a clinical risk factor scoring model in predicting XXXX with extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae on hospital admission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Biliary complications are one of the most serious morbidities after liver transplantation. Inside-stent is a plastic stent placed above the sphincter of Oddi without endoscopic sphincterotomy against @entity253 . Our aims were to analyze the long-term efficacy of inside-stent placement in @entity1 with @entity253 after living donor liver transplantation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-four @entity1 who experienced @entity253 that employed duct-to-duct reconstruction were treated with inside-stent placement. Treatment outcomes, including stricture resolution, recurrence, inside-stent patency, and morbidity rate were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Ninety-two @entity1 could be evaluated. Resolution of stricture was eventually observed in 81 of 92 @entity1 with an average of 1.4 sessions of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Of the 81 @entity1 who achieved the resolution of the stricture, recurrent @entity253 that required intervention occurred in 8 @entity1 . Conversely, stricture remission was achieved 73 @entity1 (90.1 %) during 53 months follow-up after stent removal. Median duration of patency of the initial stent was 189 (range 2-1228) days. Stent dislocation occurred in 10 @entity1 . Adverse event related to inside-stent placement was @entity788 in 18 cases (mild 13, moderate 5). CONCLUSIONS: Inside-stent placement achieved long-term patency and high remission rate in @entity1 with @entity253 after liver transplantation.

title: Endoscopic stent placement above the intact sphincter of Oddi for XXXX after living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures', 'biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary strictures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity407 -induced endothelial cell (EC) activation is considered as an initial event responsible for monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis. However, it remains poorly defined what is the mechanism underlying @entity407 -induced EC activation. Here, we tested a novel hypothesis that mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species (mtROS) serves as signaling mediators for EC activation in early @entity731 . APPROACH AND RESULTS: Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that several @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ) species, such as 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1, and their processing enzymes, including @entity38340 and @entity38341 , were significantly induced in the aortas of @entity6970 knockout @entity19 during early @entity731 . Using electron spin resonance and flow cytometry, we found that @entity15002 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 induced mtROS in primary @entity1 aortic ECs, independently of the activities of @entity1110 oxidase. Mechanistically, using confocal microscopy and Seahorse XF mitochondrial analyzer, we showed that @entity15002 induced mtROS via unique @entity460 entry-mediated increase of proton leak and mitochondrial @entity3612 reduction. In addition, we found that mtROS contributed to @entity15002 -induced EC activation by regulating nuclear binding of @entity9829 gene expression in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that mtROS inhibitor @entity38342 suppressed EC activation and aortic monocyte recruitment in @entity6970 knockout @entity19 using intravital microscopy and flow cytometry methods. CONCLUSIONS: @entity855 synthesis-uncoupled, but proton leak-coupled, mtROS increase mediates @entity15002 -induced EC activation during early @entity731 . These results indicate that mitochondrial antioxidants are promising therapies for @entity32 and @entity65 .

title: Mitochondrial Reactive XXXX Species Mediate @entity6579 -Induced Endothelial Cell Activation.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity38342 :: ('MESH:C555916', 'Chemical') :: ['MitoTEMPO']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity9829 :: ('16476(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['activator protein-1 and inducing intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: @entity8476 ( @entity8476 ) exerts a neuroprotective action against @entity2806 . This action is mediated by the @entity777 ( @entity777 ) pathway. However, as the expression patterns of @entity8476 receptors and @entity777 following @entity63 are not understood, we evaluated them in the @entity19 hippocampus in response to @entity63 induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Real-time PCR determination of @entity44632 mRNA expression in the hippocampus was significantly elevated on day 7 after @entity63 . VPAC1R mRNA expression was significantly decreased 3 days after the @entity63 episode, while @entity9622 mRNA expression showed a nonsignificant tendency to increase on day 7. @entity777 mRNA expression was significantly increased on day 3 and peaked on day 7 after @entity63 . The mRNA expression of @entity44633 , which is a neuroprotective factor stimulated by @entity8476 , remained virtually unchanged in response to @entity63 . @entity777 immunoreactivity was detected in the @entity4778 pyramidal cell layer and colocalized with the neuronal marker @entity7079 on day 1 after @entity63 . On day 3, irregularly shaped @entity777 -immunopositive cells colocalized with the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein but not with the microglial marker @entity9271 . @entity44632 immunoreactivity co-labeled with @entity777 immunoreactivity. These results suggest that @entity8476 could stimulate @entity777 secretion by neurons during the acute phase after an @entity63 episode and thereafter by astrocytes during the subacute phase.

title: XXXX and @entity8476 receptor expression and localization after global @entity2806 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity8476 :: ('11516(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PACAP', 'Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity44633 :: ('11538(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['activity-dependent neuroprotective protein']

answer: @entity777 :: (16193(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: Effects of microwave-induced whole-body @entity221 (WBH) on the @entity19 kidney were examined histologically for acute and late effects up to 150 days after WBH treatment at 43.5 degrees C (rectal temperature) for 20 min or 42 degrees C for 40 min. As a whole the damage could be divided into two types. One was the damage to distorted epithelial cells in the subcapsular region. This lesion was common in most animals, possibly caused by direct hyperthermic effect of microwave. The other was general @entity8 accompanied with aqueous or protein-rich cysts due to a chain of physiological reactions of the whole body to WBH. The first reaction was characterized by general stasis of the blood stream in all parts of the kidney, which resulted in @entity63 of some tissues. This was seen immediately by dilatation of the renal and interlobular veins as well as the bundles of capillaries in the medulla region. The subsequent event was rather specific cell necrosis of distal and collecting tubular epithelium as compared to proximal tubules. The cell destruction induced cell proliferation of the proximal tubular epithelia after two days. Later on, in accord with the recovery of the blood circulation, the proliferated cells were carried away into the lumen, these processes then resulting in obstruction of tubules through formation of protein casts in the lumen. The block incidentally led to the destruction of nephrons. The degenerated area sometimes consisted of aqueous or protein-rich cysts of various sizes after 7 to 30 days. Thereafter these cysts degenerated, decreasing in both number and size. Thus irreversible @entity194 of the kidney developed after WBH.

title: Whole-body XXXX -induced @entity8 of @entity19 as evinced by obstruction and @entity8 caused by @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have @entity854 in brain regions involved in functions that are commonly impaired in @entity72 ( @entity72 ). However, little is known about @entity75 in low-functioning (LF) young @entity1 with @entity72 . A VBM analysis was carried out to assess brain regions involved in @entity72 LF @entity1 , and a multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between regional volume changes and autism symptom measures. Twenty-six LF @entity72 @entity1 (2-10  years) were compared with 21 controls. A VBM-Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration analysis using Exponentiated Lie algebra (DARTEL) was used to evaluate @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and white matter alterations, covaried with Intelligence Quotient, age, and total brain volume. The resulting altered regions were correlated with @entity2438 Diagnostic Interview (ADI)-Revised and @entity2438 Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)-Generic scores. @entity62 bilateral reduction was noted in the cerebellum (Crus II and vermis) and in the hippocampi in @entity72 group. @entity62 reduction was also detected in the inferior and superior frontal gyri, in the occipital medial and superior gyri, and in the inferior temporal gyrus of the left cerebral hemisphere. In the right hemisphere, @entity62 reduction was found in the post-central cortex and in the occipital inferior gyrus. Multiple regression analysis showed a correlation between alterations in @entity62 volume in the cerebellum (Crus II and vermis) and ADI-communication and ADOS-total (communication and interaction) scores. These findings seem to confirm that the cerebellum is involved in integrating and regulating emotional and cognitive functions which are impaired in @entity72 .

title: Gray matter reduction in the vermis and CRUS-II is associated with social and interaction deficits in low-functioning @entity1 with XXXX : a VBM-DARTEL Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain structure anomalies']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['reported abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter', 'GM']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autistic spectrum disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of @entity64 is to achieve recanalization of the target occluded artery. We sought to determine whether pretreatment cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) was associated with vessel recanalization in @entity1 undergoing intra-arterial therapy. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent a quantitative xenon CT blood flow study and were noted to have a documented M1 @entity2500 terminus occlusion less than 6 hours from symptom onset between January 1997 and April 2001. Twenty-three @entity1 who underwent intra-arterial thrombolysis were included in the analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether pretherapy CBF was correlated to the likelihood of recanalization. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity1 were studied in this analysis with a median age of 69 (range 32-81) and median National Institutes of Health @entity64 Score of 19 (range, 8-22). Twelve @entity1 (52%) underwent combined intravenous/intra-arterial therapy, and 11 @entity1 (48%) were treated with intra-arterial thrombolytics alone. Successful vessel recanalization (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction classification 2 or 3 flow) occurred in 13 @entity1 (57%). The only variable associated with recanalization in multivariate modeling was mean ipsilateral MCA CBF (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.54; P = .035). A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated, and a mean ipsilateral MCA CBF threshold of 18 mL/100 g/min was found to be the threshold for successful recanalization. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that @entity1 with higher mean ipsilateral MCA CBF are more likely to recanalize. The threshold for successful revascularization may be 18 mL/100 g/min. Further study is required to determine whether pretreatment CBF is related to recanalization success.

title: Pretreatment ipsilateral regional cortical blood flow influences vessel recanalization in intra-arterial thrombolysis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke interventions', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) or carotid']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['MCA occlusion']


abstract: Twelve male competitive @entity2587 (fourteen shoulders) presented with persistent shoulder @entity158 that interfered with athletic participation. @entity1 ages ranged from 18 to 25 years. Symptoms included @entity158 with overhead activity and weightlifting. Local tenderness was present over the acromion near the same coronal plane as the posterior border of the clavicle. In each case, plain radiographs revealed the presence of an unfused anterior meso-acromial fragment. Magnetic resonance images were obtained in 5 shoulders and revealed @entity4 at the junction of the anterior acromial fragment and the body of the acromion. Nine @entity1 (eleven shoulders) were treated with arthroscopic excision of the anterior acromial fragment. They were followed up for a minimum of 2 years after the procedure. All surgically treated @entity1 were able to return to full athletic participation by 14 weeks after surgery. Isokinetic testing at the latest follow-up revealed no significant deficits in abduction, internal rotation, or external rotation strength compared with the opposite side.

title: XXXX (or unfused acromial apophysis) in @entity2587 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'impingement-like pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Painful os acromiale']


abstract: Secretory-phase endometrium from @entity1 receiving @entity4082 has an identifiable, distinctive character. We reviewed 710 endometrial biopsies from 566 @entity249 @entity1 , including 108 from 79 @entity1 receiving @entity4082 . Endometrial glands in biopsies from @entity4082 -treated @entity1 were straight, narrow, and less tortuous than normal. Gland-to-stroma ratio was decreased. In the early secretory phase, glands had crisp subnuclear vacuoles and distinct glandular lumenal borders. Secretions were scant throughout the secretory phase, with few apical snouts. Lumenal secretions appeared inspissated and hyaline-like. Late secretory epithelium was generally low cuboidal and rarely showed hypersecretory change. Stromal predecidualization in the late phase showed progression, but in some cases decidual cells were smaller than usual. All of these features are consistent with a hypoestrogenic effect.

title: XXXX 's effect on endometrium in @entity249 .

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity4082 :: (MESH:D002996,Chemical) :: ['Clomiphene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the different pathways of progression to the middle ear in @entity2167 (EACC). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Referral hospital otolaryngology department. @entity1 : @entity1 with KO or EACC and @entity2172 who underwent surgical management were included. Four ears of 4 @entity1 (mean age, 41.25 yr) were the KO group, and 5 ears of 4 @entity1 (mean age, 49.5 yr) were the EACC group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraoperative findings of the @entity2172 were investigated in KO and EACC groups. RESULTS: In the KO group, 3 @entity1 had a perforated tympanic membrane and @entity3540 in the tympanic cavity. The other @entity1 had preoperative @entity3541 . Removal of the keratin plug revealed an adherent tympanic membrane. In intraoperative findings, the tympanic segment of the fallopian canal was found to be eroded because of @entity32 . No case initially progressed to the @entity2267 . Four @entity1 had external auditory canal @entity3540 with @entity2172 . In EACC group, all @entity1 had initial progression to the @entity2267 . CONCLUSION: KO tends to progress initially to the tympanic cavity via a diseased tympanic membrane. EACC tends to progress to the @entity2267 via destruction of the posterior bony canal. This is the first report to investigate differences in pathway of progression to the @entity2172 in these 2 diseases.

title: A comparison of patterns of disease extension in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cavity', 'middle ear disease']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['keratosis obturans (KO) and external auditory canal cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoid cavity']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['right facial palsy']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The number of @entity2 @entity1 is increasing in association with the aging of society, and age is associated with the risk of undergoing a thoracotomy procedure. We prospectively investigated the efficacy of a functional operability algorithm that included pulmonary function and exercise test results for determining the indication for surgery in octogenarians. METHODS: From April 2001 to October 2008, surgical indications for a total of 45 octogenarians were assessed using our algorithm, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio, predicted postoperative percent of forced expiratory volume in 1 s, Hugh-Jones dyspneic index, and empirical anaerobic threshold obtained during an exercise test. Then the surgical results were reviewed. RESULTS: Thoracotomy was contraindicated in one @entity1 ; the remaining 44 @entity1 underwent surgery. Axilloanterior thoracotomy (75%), lobectomy (84%), and mediastinal lymph node dissection (73%) were the major procedures. Altogether, 37 postthoracotomy complica-Received: 13 February 2011 / Accepted: 30 May 2011    The Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery 2012 tions occurred in 29 (65.9%) @entity1 . The 30-day and hospital mortality rates were 2.3% and 4.5%, respectively, and overall and disease-specific 5-year survival rates for the 42 @entity1 were 54.5% and 79.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Following careful selection with our functional operability algorithm, octogenarians were able to tolerate a standard lung resection for primary @entity2 with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Their survival was consistent with that of younger @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of functional operability algorithm for octogenarians with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the sensitivity of commonly used time-domain (TD-OCT) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography platforms and scanning modalities in the management of neovascular age-related @entity1020 in a population with a high prevalence of exudative disease activity. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 within the prospective SAVE (Super-dose Anti- @entity7 ) trial, which analyzed the utility of 2.0 mg intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of recalcitrant neovascular age-related @entity1020 , were enrolled in a comparison trial of 3 different optical coherence tomography (OCT) platforms. Stratus TD-OCT radial scan (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc) was compared with 3 Heidelberg Spectralis Heidelberg Retinal Angiograph+OCT (Heidelberg Engineering) acquisition settings (radial, 7-line raster, volumetric) and 2 Cirrus @entity2101 ( @entity2101 )-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc) acquisition settings (5-line raster, volumetric). RESULTS: Using every imaging platform and acquisition setting, evidence of exudative disease activity was positively identified in 163 of 191 @entity1 visits (85.3%). Intraretinal cysts were identified in 83 of 191 visits (43.5%), and subretinal fluid was identified in 116 of 191 visits (60.7%). Of these positive visits, the Stratus TD-OCT radial scanning technology demonstrated a significantly lower rate of detection (71.8%) when compared with the Spectralis HRA+OCT spectral domain scanning modalities (radial 87.1%, P < 0.001; 7-line raster 92.0%, P < 0.001; volumetric 94.5%, P < 0.001) or the Cirrus @entity2101 -OCT spectral domain scanning modalities (5-line raster 81.6%, P = 0.001; volumetric 92.0%, P < 0.001). Intraretinal cysts and subretinal fluid were identified in 83 visits (43.5%) and 116 visits (60.7%), respectively, with 36 eyes (18.8%) having fluid in both locations. No individual imaging modality demonstrated a diagnostic advantage for detecting subretinal fluid versus intraretinal cysts (e.g., Cirrus volume detected 86.7% of intraretinal cysts and 88.8% of subretinal fluid, P = 0.33). CONCLUSION: In this neovascular age-related @entity1020 @entity1 population, spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography was a superior diagnostic tool when compared with TD-OCT, with each spectral domain platform and acquisition setting identifying significantly more exudative disease activity. The two spectral domain platforms (Cirrus and Spectralis) were not directly compared because identical image acquisition parameters were not used. No individual imaging modality demonstrated a diagnostic advantage for detecting subretinal fluid versus intraretinal cysts.

title: Comparison of spectral-domain and time-domain optical coherence tomography in the detection of neovascular age-related XXXX activity.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high definition', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular Endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: We describe an unusual vasculopathy in two sisters of non-consanguineous parents. The first @entity1 developed an acute @entity1269 and focal @entity410 at the age of 6 months during a @entity221 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed bilateral cortical-subcortical @entity1188 not confined to a vascular territory. Subsequently, the @entity1 had a persistent stable @entity51 . Her younger sister had a similar @entity198 -like episode at the age of 4 months, with left-sided cortical-subcortical @entity75 . Two months later she had left-sided focal @entity410 . MRI showed a right-sided cortical enhancement, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was normal. The @entity51 was stable and she was @entity410 free. These episodes were initially interpreted as metabolic strokes, but work-up was normal and mitochondrial @entity20066 ( @entity20066 ) was excluded. In their teens both sisters were diagnosed with @entity120 and, due to the arterial @entity101 , @entity1283 . @entity2791 , pathological pulmonary arteries, and @entity850 and rarefication of coronary arteries were found; the aorta and retinal vessels were normal. Repeat cranial MRI and MRA showed multiple collaterals, while the carotid and basilar arteries were extremely narrowed (moyamoya appearance). We suggest the diagnosis is a @entity74 of unknown origin.

title: Siblings with infantile cerebral stroke and delayed multivessel involvement--a new XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity20066 :: ('MESH:D017241', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes', 'MELAS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and systemic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['Renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary systemic vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['hereditary vasculopathy']


abstract: In order to study @entity172 -driven microenvironment associated with type 1 @entity1204 , we evaluated @entity172 receptors (ERs), aromatase, and cyclooxygenase II ( @entity2247 ) molecular and immunohistochemical profiles with correlation to clinicopathological features. We investigated aromatase, @entity7971 , @entity1783 , and @entity2247 expression at the mRNA and protein levels using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical method in 51 @entity1204 and 16 normal endometria. All the studied @entity5 , as well as normal endometria, expressed @entity7971 , @entity1783 , and @entity2247 mRNAs. Five @entity1204 tissues and one normal endometrium showed no aromatase mRNA expression. The majority of @entity5 expressed @entity7971 (82%), aromatase (80%), and @entity2247 (88%) proteins. Forty-one percent of the studied @entity5 were @entity1783 -negative. @entity7971 and @entity1783 showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels in @entity1204 as compared to normal endometrium. An opposite trend was shown for @entity2247 and aromatase proteins. @entity7971 expression correlated positively with @entity2247 expression at both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.005, r = 0.398; P < 0.0005, r = 0.510, respectively). There was also a positive correlation between @entity2247 and aromatase expression in @entity5 tissue (P < 0.002, r = 0.433 for transcriptional level; P < 0.0005, r = 0.614 for protein level). We observed positive correlations between @entity1783 and @entity7971 , as well as between @entity1783 and @entity2247 at the transcriptional level only (P < 0.0005, r = 0.644; P < 0.002, r = 0.444, respectively). Negative correlations were found between pT category of primary @entity5 and levels of @entity7971 and @entity1783 transcripts (P < 0.02, r = -0.332; P < 0.02, r = -0.348, respectively). A negative association between @entity1783 and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging was also found. The growth of @entity42660 with the presence of @entity7971 and overexpression of aromatase and @entity2247 is dependent on @entity172 . We believe that @entity1783 may be considered as a potential marker in the progression of disease in @entity1204 @entity1 .

title: Altered expression of ERs, aromatase, and XXXX connected to @entity172 action in type 1 @entity1204 biology.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX2']


abstract: Aortic augmentation index, a measure of central systolic blood pressure augmentation arising mainly from pressure-wave reflection, increases with vascular aging. The augmentation index is influenced by aortic pulse-wave velocity (related to @entity2333 ) and by the site and extent of wave reflection. To clarify the relative influence of pulse-wave velocity and wave reflection on the augmentation index, we studied the association between augmentation index, pulse-wave velocity, and age and examined the effects of vasoactive drugs to determine whether altering vascular tone has differential effects on pulse-wave velocity and the augmentation index. We made simultaneous measurements of the augmentation index and carotid-to-femoral pulse-wave velocity in 50 asymptomatic @entity1 aged 19 to 74 years at baseline and, in a subset, during the administration of @entity1242 , @entity2178 , and saline vehicle. The aortic augmentation index was obtained by radial tonometry (Sphygmocor device, @entity122 Medical) with the use of an inbuilt radial to aortic transfer function. In multiple regression analysis, the aortic augmentation index was independently correlated only with age (R=0.58, P<0.0001). @entity1242 (3 to 300 microg/min IV) reduced the aortic augmentation index from 4.8+/-2.3% to -11.9+/-5.3% (n=10, P<0.002). @entity2178 (75 to 300 ng/min IV) increased the aortic augmentation index from 9.3+/-2.4% to 18.3+/-2.9% (n=12, P<0.001). These drugs had small effects on aortic pulse-wave velocity, producing mean changes from baseline of <1 m/s (each P<0.05). In healthy @entity1 , vasoactive drugs may change aortic augmentation index independently from aortic pulse-wave velocity.

title: Vasoactive drugs influence aortic augmentation index independently of pulse-wave velocity in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) is an excellent model for the study of the efficacy of gene therapy in @entity43573 deficient @entity121 for there are many similarities between affected @entity235 and @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) in @entity1 . @entity3986 is not caused by deletion mutation but results from a point mutation in the consensus splice acceptor in intron 6 of the @entity235 @entity43573 gene. As a result exon 7 is skipped during processing of the @entity3986 @entity43573 messenger RNA. We have developed a rapid test which makes direct use of exon 7 specific genomic PCR products. We have undertaken preliminary experiments on gene therapy using the mini-gene and the full length gene alone and in combination with @entity29547 and/or the @entity7791 reporter gene Lac Z. Following direct injection of the Lac Z plasmid, either alone or with lipofectin, about 50% of the sites showed expression when biopsied some 14 days later. The beta-galactosidase activity was present in muscle and granulation tissue but was never abundant. Pups injected intraperitoneally with Lac Z were found to have positive material in their mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Those injected with Lac Z and lipofectin also had positive material in the diaphragm, intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, but again only a small amount of positive material was present at any of the sites. In animals directly injected into the muscle with the @entity43573 mini-gene, half had positive staining for @entity43573 in biopsies taken 14 days later. Of the 6 sites in the muscles of animals given the mini-gene and lipofectin only one had fibres positive for @entity43573 when examined 14 days later. Six pups were injected directly with full-length gene construct and when biopsies were taken 10 days later two of the animals had strongly stained peripheries to a small number of fibres.

title: Use of the @entity235 model for XXXX in gene therapy trials.

entities_list: @entity29547 :: ('MESH:C020888', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofectin']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['GRMD', 'Golden retriever muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathies']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity177 ( @entity177 ) was used to measure function in first- @entity64 @entity1 on admission to and discharge from a rehabilitation center, and to determine gain; all data were analyzed by a clinically oriented approach. DESIGN: All @entity1 admitted after a first @entity64 to a comprehensive rehabilitation facility over a 2-year period were examined prospectively with the @entity177 . Diagnosis was determined by neuroimaging. Data were collected continuously and stored in the departmental database. For analysis of data, the @entity1 were divided by side of lesion (right or left hemisphere), main clinical syndrome (presence or absence of neglect or aphasic syndromes in those with damage to the right or left hemisphere, respectively), @entity75 ( @entity63 , hemorrhagic, etc), and site of lesion (cortical or subcortical). SETTING: Neurological rehabilitation ward. @entity1 : The study population included 151 @entity1 of average age 60.8 years; 60% were @entity1 . All were admitted an average of 28.9 days after @entity64 and rehabilitated for 109.3 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The raw @entity177 total score was determined at 48 to 72 hours after admission and at discharge. @entity177 gain was calculated by subtracting the @entity177 discharge score from the @entity177 admission score for each individual. Length of stay was also recorded. RESULTS: There was no difference in average total @entity177 scores when @entity1 were divided by side of damage (right or left hemisphere). Significant findings were obtained for the various parameters when the clinical criterion was applied. @entity1 with neglect or @entity2026 syndromes showed significantly higher gains despite their lower @entity177 admission scores, but they had a much longer in-hospital stay. CONCLUSION: The raw @entity177 total score is a simple, practical, and efficient measure of function in first- @entity64 @entity1 on admission for rehabilitation, provided an appropriate clinical approach is used during data analysis. Results can be used for comparison with similar measures, determination of admission and discharge policy, and program evaluation. The presence of neglect and aphasic syndromes has a significant effect on the various measures. Length of stay in rehabilitation is also of paramount importance in @entity64 @entity1 with special clinical syndromes.

title: Functional measures of first- @entity64 rehabilitation inpatients: usefulness of the XXXX total score with a clinical rationale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'supratentorial stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type of lesion']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Functional Independence Measure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate characteristics of cine phase contrast-calculated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and velocity measures in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting (RR) @entity15 ( @entity15 ) receiving standard medical treatment who had been diagnosed with chronic @entity4096 (CCSVI) and underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-controlled, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-blinded study included 15 @entity1 with RR @entity15 who presented with significant stenoses (>= 50% lumen reduction on catheter venography) in the azygous or internal jugular veins. Eight @entity1 underwent @entity865 in addition to medical therapy immediately following baseline assessments (case group) and seven had delayed @entity865 after 6 months of medical therapy alone (control group). CSF flow and velocity measures were quantified over 32 phases of the cardiac cycle by a semiautomated method. Outcomes were compared between groups at baseline and at 6 and 12 months of the study by mixed-effect model analysis. RESULTS: At baseline, no significant differences in CSF flow or velocity measures were detected between groups. At month 6, significant improvement in flow (P<.001) and velocity (P = .013) outcomes were detected in the immediate versus the delayed group, and persisted to month 12 (P = .001 and P = .021, respectively). Within-group flow comparisons from baseline to follow-up showed a significant increase in the immediate group (P = .033) but a decrease in the delayed group (P = .024). Altered CSF flow and velocity measures were associated with worsening of clinical and MR outcomes in the delayed group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity865 in @entity1 with @entity15 with CCSVI increased CSF flow and decreased CSF velocity, which are indicative of improved venous parenchyma drainage.

title: Changes of cine cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in XXXX with @entity15 treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity195 refers to a rare syndrome characterised by symmetrical and bilateral intracranial @entity730 . The basal ganglia are the most common site of involvement and most cases present with extra-pyramidal symptoms. We describe two @entity1 with @entity195 who presented with @entity75 . The first @entity1 presented with frequent uncontrollable bursts of laughter and crying spells. He later developed mild dysarthric speech and choreoathetoid movement. The second @entity1 presented with progressive changes in personality and behaviour. In both cases, there were no parkinsonian features. Computed tomographic scans of both @entity1 demonstrated extensive symmetrical @entity730 over the basal ganglia and dentate nuclei. A repeated imaging scan in the second @entity1 revealed progressive @entity194 but reduction in the @entity730 . No underlying cause for the bilateral @entity730 was found. As @entity75 are usually inconspicuous in the early stage, the presence of these symptoms might be overlooked in clinical practice when compared with those suffering from prominent @entity717 .

title: XXXX : a differential diagnosis of @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['prominent frontal lobe symptoms', 'frontal lobe symptoms']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Fahr's diseases", "Fahr's disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Fahr's disease']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the frequency and severity of @entity8 in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) with regard to the age of disease onset. Among 287 @entity1 with new onset @entity1252 diagnosed between 1991 and 2003 in our hospital, we identified those who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for renal involvement. @entity1 were categorized into childhood (age < 16 [corrected] years), adult (between 16 and 50 years) or late onset ( > or = 50 years) @entity1252 . Clinical presentation of @entity8 and cumulative @entity8 as assessed by the renal domain of the @entity1252 International Collaborating Clinics/ACR damage index (SDI) were compared. A linear regression model was constructed to study the effect of age on @entity8 . One-hundred and forty-nine @entity1 were studied (134 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ), including 28 childhood, 107 adult and 14 late onset @entity1252 @entity1 . The mean age of @entity1252 onset was 29.7 +/- 14 years. The prevalence of @entity8 was 53% in childhood onset, 50% in adult onset and 58% in late onset @entity1252 @entity1 (P = 0.66). At @entity8 presentation, late onset @entity1252 @entity1 had significantly lower @entity1011 clearance and were more likely to be @entity101 . Histological classes of @entity1310 and initial treatment response, however, did not differ significantly among the @entity1 . After a mean observation of 80.3 months, 32 (21%) @entity1 developed @entity8 (renal SDI > or = 1). Late onset @entity1252 @entity1 had accrued more @entity8 than the others. In a multiple regression model, age was not a significant determinant of @entity8 after adjustment for baseline renal parameters, duration of @entity8 , use of @entity786 and initial treatment response. We concluded that the prevalence of @entity8 was similar among @entity1252 @entity1 of different ages of onset. Late onset @entity1252 @entity1 had accrued more @entity8 but age did not correlate with @entity8 after adjustment for various clinical parameters.

title: XXXX in @entity1252 : a comparative analysis of different age groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic Lupus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is a complex system of evolving physiochemical processes in the @entity63 brain. The evaluation of this chain of processes is a major challenge of recent @entity64 studies. Two magnetic resonance imaging techniques: diffusion-weighted (DW) and magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) imaging were introduced in experimental studies and were shown to have sensitivity for different stages of brain @entity1188 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a reproducible middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in @entity35 to examine @entity1188 of different time courses. Magnetic resonance @entity18906 -weighted ( @entity18906 ). DW, and MTC imaging were performed 3 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 2 w, 3 w, and 4 w after @entity2500 . @entity6175 / @entity1711 (HE) stained sections, which revealed sub regions within @entity4798 , were compared to @entity18906 , DW, diffusion-mapping and MTC-mapping images. RESULTS: On DW images 3 hours post occlusion lesions were detected as an area with high signal intensity, while @entity18906 imaging does not raise significant contrast of the lesion at this early stage. Three sub regions of the lesion having different ADCs, are discernible on diffusion-mapping images from 1 day to 7 days. The decrease of MTC effect was measured within the @entity4798 from core to marginal zone, from 7 days to 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion-mapping imaging may help to examine @entity4798 from 3 hours to 5 days. MTC imaging recognizes @entity1188 7 days after the onset. Following this stage, MTC-mapping images may provide a quantitative method to assess @entity1188 size.

title: A chronological evaluation of experimental brain XXXX by diffusion-mapping and magnetization transfer contrast imaging.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction', 'infarct lesion', 'infarct lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['Haematoxylin']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: Herein, we present a retrospective analysis of our experience with acquired @entity2849 of the left ventricle over a 20-year period.From February 1985 through September 2004, 14 @entity1 underwent operation for left @entity67 in our clinic. All @entity2849 (12 chronic, 2 acute) were caused by @entity583 . The mean interval between @entity583 and diagnosis of @entity2849 was 7 months (range, 1-11 mo). The @entity2849 was located in the inferior or posterolateral wall in 11 of 14 @entity1 (78.6%). In all @entity1 , the @entity2849 was resected and the ventricular wall defect was closed with direct suture (6 @entity1 ) or a patch (8 @entity1 ). Most @entity1 had 3-vessel @entity453 . Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in all @entity1 . Five @entity1 died (postoperative mortality rate, 35.7%) after repair of a @entity2849 (post- @entity1188 , 2 @entity1 ; chronic, 3 @entity1 ). Two @entity1 died during follow-up (median, 42 mo), due to @entity5 in 1 @entity1 and @entity944 in the other. Although repair of left @entity67 is still a surgical challenge, it can be performed with acceptable results in most @entity1 . Surgical repair is warranted particularly in cases of large or expanding @entity2849 because of the propensity for fatal @entity397 .

title: Surgical treatment of post- @entity1188 left XXXX : a two-decade experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5870 is the maternal and fetal response to an ascending intrauterine @entity281 . The fetal response is manifested by @entity5870 and @entity1333 , or as neutrophils within pulmonary spaces. @entity1 hematopoiesis occurs in the liver primarily during the 6th to 22nd weeks of gestation. OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between the presence of an intrauterine @entity281 and the degree of fetal hepatic @entity1685 in second- and third-trimester fetuses. DESIGN: Liver and lungs from 49 fetal autopsies, 20 to 41 weeks of gestational age, and their associated placentas and membranes were analyzed for evidence of intrauterine @entity281 and hepatic @entity1685 . @entity1710 - @entity1711 -stained sections from fixed tissues were evaluated for the presence of @entity281 , defined by the presence of acute @entity5870 or @entity5870 . The degree of portal hematopoiesis, @entity1685 and intra-alveolar neutrophils was assessed semiquantitatively with @entity1710 - @entity1711 -stained sections and immunohistochemically with antimyeloperoxidase. The Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test were used to determine the significance of any observed difference. RESULTS: The degree of portal and lobular @entity1685 was significantly greater with the presence of @entity32 in both the membranes and umbilical cord, and correlated with the presence of intra-alveolar neutrophils (P < .001). A high correlation between the @entity1710 - @entity1711 and immunohistochemistry assessment of myeloid cells was noted. CONCLUSIONS: There is increased portal and lobular @entity1685 in 20-week to 41-week gestational age fetal livers that is associated with intrauterine ascending @entity281 . The presence of increased portal or lobular @entity1685 suggests the presence of an active fetal response to an intrauterine ascending @entity281 .

title: Myelopoiesis in the liver of stillborns with evidence of intrauterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['chorionic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['funisitis', 'Chorioamnionitis', 'chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity1685 :: ('MESH:C563551', 'Disease') :: ['myelopoiesis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'amnionic fluid infection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin', 'hematoxylin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Clinical and laboratory data are available on affection of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in 27 @entity1 with @entity3001 ( @entity3001 ) in the endemic region of Russia. PNS disorders arose early, 88.9% of the @entity1 had them within one month of the disease. 9 (37.5%) @entity1 had meningoradiculoneuropathy (MRN) which emerged in the acute period in 77.8% of the @entity1 . @entity32 in the cerebrospinal fluid was registered only in @entity1 with clinical signs of @entity693 . MRN developed more frequently in @entity2103 ( @entity2103 ) than in @entity614 ( @entity614 )-80.0% and 14.3%, respectively, p = 0.01. Intrathecal synthesis of antibodies to @entity2069 in combination with pleocytosis was found only in @entity2103 @entity1 (16.7%). In 6 (37.5%) of 16 @entity1 with @entity9144 concentrations of @entity1851 were elevated. Its high level occurred significantly more frequently in @entity614 (83%) than in @entity2103 (17%) (p = 0.05). 5 out of 14 @entity3001 @entity1 exhibited high level of Willebrand factor antigen. No clear clinical relations between this value and PNS lesions in @entity3001 were found.

title: [The characteristics of peripheral nervous system involvement in XXXX in an endemic region of Russia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['LB', 'Lyme-borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve neuritis', 'FNN']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['RP', 'radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme borreliosis']


abstract: The @entity6739 mutant ehs1-1 mutant was isolated on the basis of its @entity56 to Echinocandin and Calcofluor White, which inhibit cell wall synthesis. The mutant shows a thermosensitive growth phenotype that is suppressed in the presence of an osmotic stabiliser. The mutant also showed other cell wall-associated phenotypes, such as enhanced sensitivity to enzymatic cell wall degradation and an imbalance in polysaccharide synthesis. The ehs1 + gene encodes a predicted integral membrane protein that is 30% identical to @entity375 @entity17125 , a protein that has been proposed to form part of a @entity460 channel. As expected for such a function, we found that ehs1+ is involved in intracellular @entity141 accumulation. High external @entity141 concentrations suppressed all phenotypes associated with the ehs1 null mutation, suggesting that the cell integrity defects of ehs1 mutants result from inadequate levels of @entity460 in the cell. We observed a genetic relationship between ehs1+ and the protein kinase C homologue pck2+. pck2+ suppressed all phenotypes of ehs1-1 mutant cells. Overproduction of pck2p is deleterious to wild-type cells, increasing 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity and promoting accumulation of extremely high levels of @entity141 . The lethality associated with pck2p, the increase in 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase production and the strong @entity141 accumulation are all dependent on the presence of ehs1p. Our results suggest that in @entity6739 ehs1p forms part of a @entity460 channel that is involved in the cell wall integrity pathway that includes the kinase pck2p.

title: XXXX ehs1p is involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and in @entity460 uptake.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']


abstract: Clinical evaluation of @entity13665 (CETB, 7432-S) was performed in 20 @entity1 with acute @entity3617 . They were consisted of 10 males and 10 females aged from 20 to 80 years old. CETB was given orally in daily dose of 300 mg (18 cases) or 600 mg (2 cases) in three divided portions. The duration of administration was 3 to 14 days. Especially they were given for 7 days in 16 cases. A total of 11 strains comprising 4 strains of @entity794 , 2 strains of beta- @entity328 and 1 strain each of @entity328 , @entity6729 , @entity7101 , @entity5134 , Acinetobacter lwoffii were identified from sputa before administration. All of the above bacteria were eradicated but, in 1 case, a strain of @entity4195 appeared after the treatment (eradication ratio = 100%). The clinical efficacy rate was 100%: Responses were excellent in 3 cases and good in 17 cases. There was no side effect and no abnormal changes in laboratory test results. From the avobe results, it is concluded that CETB is effective, safe and useful new oral cephem on acute @entity3617 .

title: [Clinical examination of ceftibuten in acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity13665 :: ('MESH:C054360', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftibuten']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity7101 :: ('571', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella oxytoca']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: A series of novel @entity8542 and @entity1133 derivatives containing @entity41091 moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal and larvicidal activity. @entity10998 derivatives 3a-e and 4a-e were synthesized by reacting @entity12926 with @entity8542 and @entity1133 compounds 1a-e and 2a-e, respectively, in a 130-140   C oil bath. The proposed structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed using elemental analysis, UV, IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy. All compounds were evaluated for antifungal activity against plant pathogens, larvicidal and biting deterrent activity against the mosquito @entity4224 L. and in vitro @entity137 and anti-inflammatory activity against some @entity1 cell lines. Phomopis species were the most sensitive fungi to these compounds. Compounds 1b, 1c, 3a and 4e demonstrated selectively good activity against Phomopis obscurans and only 1b and 4e showed a similar level of activity against P. viticola. Compound 3d, with a LD50 value of 67.9 ppm, followed by 1c (LD50 = 118.8 ppm) and 3e (LD50 = 165.6 ppm), showed the highest toxicity against @entity4224 larvae. Four of these compounds showed biting deterrent activity greater than solvent control, with the highest activity being seen for 1c, with a proportion not biting (PNB) value of 0.75, followed by 1e, 2b and 1a. No @entity137 was observed against the tested @entity1 @entity5 cell lines. No anti-inflammatory activity was observed against NF-kB dependent transcription induced by @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) in @entity1 @entity511 cells.

title: Synthesis and biological activity of substituted XXXX and @entity8542 derivatives containing @entity41091 moieties.

entities_list: @entity12926 :: ('MESH:C011368', 'Chemical') :: ['thiocarbohydrazide']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['Triazole']

entities_list: @entity8542 :: ('MESH:D013890', 'Chemical') :: ['thiourea']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1133 :: (MESH:D014508,Chemical) :: ['urea']


abstract: Between January 1973 and February 1986, operations were performed on 120 consecutive @entity1 having usual atrial arrangement ( @entity2735 ), concordant atrioventricular connection, and @entity1147 right ventricle. The ages at operation ranged from 1 day to 44 years and the weights from 2.6 to 84 kg. Sixty-three @entity1 had one or more palliative procedures. For those, the hospital mortality rate was 9.5%. Palliation was considered a definitive procedure in 13 @entity1 . Ninety-three @entity1 had a reparative operation, with a 26.9% early mortality rate. In the group who had complete correction, taken as a whole, the surgical outcome was significantly affected by the position of the @entity1757 and by the year of operation. The year of operation was the main factor that, by multivariate analysis, correlated significantly with the hospital mortality in those @entity1 having a subaortic defect and spiraling great arteries (p less than 0.05). No difference was found among this group for those @entity1 having the morphologic characteristics of @entity215 . The change-over point from the Mustard to the arterial switch procedures was the event with the greatest effect on hospital mortality in @entity1 with a subpulmonary @entity1757 (p less than 0.025). Two late deaths have occurred among the 21 @entity1 who had palliative intervention only. Sixty of the 68 survivors with intracardiac repair have been followed up for a period of 2 to 184 months (median 44 months). There were five late deaths (8.3%). Eight @entity1 underwent successful reoperation. All except three of the long-term survivors were in functional class I. Good early and long-term results can be anticipated for the intracardiac repair of @entity1147 right ventricle when the @entity1757 is subaortic or doubly committed. The arterial switch operation has been demonstrated to be the optimal approach for @entity1147 right ventricle with subpulmonary @entity1757 . Results in @entity1 with noncommitted @entity1757 have remained poor.

title: Surgical treatment for XXXX right ventricle at the Brompton Hospital, 1973 to 1986.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['atrial situs solitus']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1147 :: ('MESH:D004310', 'Disease') :: ['double-outlet']

answer: @entity1147 :: (MESH:D004310,Disease) :: ['double-outlet']


abstract: AIM: To examine the evolution of different parameters of the nutritional status after short-term oral protein-energy supplementation in moderately malnourished geriatric @entity1 . METHODS: Seventeen hospitalized malnourished elderly @entity1 and 12 healthy adults received dietary supplements for 10 days. A group of six malnourished elderly subjects served as controls. Spontaneous oral intakes, biological and biophysical markers of the nutritional status were measured. @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) was assessed using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bio-impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry. RESULTS: In elderly subjects, the supplementation significantly increased both dietary intake (energy +32%, protein +65%) and @entity1386 (+1.3 kg, P<0.001) as assessed using DXA. BIA and anthropometric data correlated with DXA measurements in the elderly (BIA: r=0.68--0.80, anthropometry: r=0.80--0.89), but failed to reflect accurately the changes measured in @entity1386 . Supplementation had no notable effect on biological markers in any of the groups. @entity442 and hand-grip strength were not significantly influenced by the supplementation despite trends towards an improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring short-term changes in nutritional status in malnourished elderly individuals is a problem in routine clinical management. Our data put in the limelight the changes in @entity442 values related to dietary supplementation, and, chiefly, suggest a prime role for the assessment of dietary intake and @entity1386 , as assessed by DXA, as indicators of short-term efficacy of refeeding. Nevertheless larger studies are necessary to confirm the clinical and prognostic significance of the changes.

title: Nutritional status after short-term dietary supplementation in hospitalized malnourished geriatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Fat-free mass', 'FFM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the occurrence, severity and risk factors for silent @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and to determine the potential relationship between WHM and @entity73 . METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 with paroxysmal non-valvular @entity955 were enrolled (age 59 (IQR 50-63)years, males 45/61%). All @entity1 were on adequate @entity1229 treatment before inclusion and had no history of @entity64 or @entity4905 . The presence and severity of brain @entity62 were classified according to the Fazekas scale, while general neurocognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). RESULTS: @entity62 were found in 51 @entity1 (67.6%; age: 59  7.9years; males: 29/58%). CHADS2-VASc score (OR for 1 point 2.18; 95% CI=1.3-3.65; p=0.003), age (OR for 1year 1.11; 95% CI=1.04-1.18; p=0.001) and BMI (OR for 1kg/m(2) 1.23; 95% CI=1.04-1.45; p=0.017) were independent factors of any @entity75 . A positive correlation between Fazekas scale score and CHA2DS2-VASc score was shown in the entire group (Gamma 0.48; p<0.001). In the group with @entity75 , @entity955 time (p=0.02) and LVEDD (p=0.03) significantly determined the Fazekas scale score (lesions severity). There were no differences in the MMSE score between @entity1 with and without @entity62 (median: 28 (IQR 27-29) vs 29 (IQR 27.5-30); p=0.2). CONCLUSIONS: Both the presence and severity of brain @entity62 are related to the CHADS2-VASc score and are not connected with @entity73 in this population. Age, BMI, @entity955 time and the indices of heart remodeling constitute important factors influencing @entity75 .

title: CHA2DS2-Vasc score, age and body mass index as the main risk factors of hyperintense @entity75 in asymptomatic @entity1 with paroxysmal non-valvular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMH', 'white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of epidural @entity3652 and @entity1286 compared with epidural @entity1286 alone for @entity282 relief following major upper abdominal surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. SETTING: Tertiary care referral and teaching hospital. @entity1 : 46 ASA physical status I and II @entity1 who underwent major upper abdominal procedures. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups: @entity1 in Group 1 received epidural @entity1286 50 microg/kg whereas @entity1 in Group 2 received epidural @entity3652 1 mg/kg combined with 50 microg/kg of @entity1286 postoperatively. MEASUREMENTS: A blinded observer using a visual analog scale (VAS) for @entity158 assessment followed up @entity1 for 48 hours postoperatively. Top-up dose of epidural @entity1286 was provided when VAS was higher than 4. Analgesic requirements and side effects were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Only 40 @entity1 completed the study. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to age, gender, weight, duration, or type of surgical procedure or intraoperative opioid requirements. Onset of @entity1337 was faster (p < 0.001) in Group 2 (11 min) than in Group 1 @entity1 (25 min). The time for first requirement of @entity1337 was significantly (p < 0.01) longer (19.8 +/- 9.8 hours) in Group 2 @entity1 than Group 1 (12.8 +/- 6.2 hours). Total number of supplemental doses of epidural @entity1286 required in the first 48 hours postoperatively was also significantly less (p < 0.005) in Group 2 compared to Group 1. @entity1 in Group 2 had higher sedation scores than Group I @entity1 for the first 2 hours postoperatively. None of the @entity1 in either group developed @entity1833 or @entity1576 . Other side effects such as @entity111 , @entity390 , and @entity391 were also similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of epidural @entity3652 1 mg/kg to @entity1286 50 microg/kg improved @entity1337 after major upper abdominal surgery without increasing side effects.

title: Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of epidural XXXX combined with @entity1286 for postoperative @entity1337 after major upper abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess efficacy and @entity137 of the combination of @entity1732 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 ( @entity12962 ) in this Phase II trial as first-line therapy for ovarian @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with incompletely resected @entity5 underwent surgical debulking. There were two @entity1732 -related @entity204 early in the trial; thus, the initial schedule of @entity1732 (20 units/m2 x 9 weeks for a maximum dose of </=30 units x 9) was changed, without subsequent mortality. The final dose schedule was 20 units/m2 @entity1732 iv push day 1 every 3 weeks x 4, 75 mg/m2 @entity2879 days 1-5 every 3 weeks x 4 and 20 mg/m2 @entity900 days 1-5 every 3 weeks x 4. The frequency of negative second-look surgery was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 were entered; 18 were excluded. Grade 4 myelotoxicity occurred in 61% of the @entity1 . The end point used for response was negative second-look laparotomy. Thirty-seven percent (14/38) of the @entity1 undergoing second-look laparotomy had negative findings. The six complete responders were of long median duration (24.4 months). @entity1 with measurable disease were at the highest risk of progression and @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: BEP appears to be an active combination regimen for first-line chemotherapy of @entity43 . Myelotoxicity was tolerable.

title: @entity1732 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 combination therapy of @entity43 and other XXXX : A Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors of the ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stages II-IV or recurrent cancer', 'stromal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stromal malignancies']


abstract: SYNOPSIS: The validity of upper-limb neurodynamic tests (ULNTs) for detecting peripheral @entity9 (PNP) was assessed by reviewing the evidence on plausibility, the definition of a positive test, reliability, and concurrent validity. Evidence was identified by a structured search for peer-reviewed articles published in English before May 2011. The quality of concurrent validity studies was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool, where appropriate. Biomechanical and experimental @entity158 data support the plausibility of ULNTs. Evidence suggests that a positive ULNT should at least partially reproduce the @entity1 's symptoms and that structural differentiation should change these symptoms. Data indicate that this definition of a positive ULNT is reliable when used clinically. Limited evidence suggests that the median nerve test, but not the radial nerve test, helps determine whether a @entity1 has @entity614 . The median nerve test does not help diagnose @entity923 . These findings should be interpreted cautiously, because diagnostic accuracy might have been distorted by the investigators' definitions of a positive ULNT. Furthermore, @entity1 with PNP who presented with increased nerve mechanosensitivity rather than conduction loss might have been incorrectly classified by electrophysiological reference standards as not having PNP. The only evidence for concurrent validity of the ulnar nerve test was a case study on @entity7769 . We recommend that researchers develop more comprehensive reference standards for PNP to accurately assess the concurrent validity of ULNTs and continue investigating the predictive validity of ULNTs for prognosis or treatment response.

title: The validity of upper-limb neurodynamic tests for detecting peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['cervical radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']