abstract: The @entity75 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 -prone @entity35 (SHRSP) are characterised by multifocal @entity16 , breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, massive extravasation of plasma constituents and severe @entity4 , with consequent spongy and cystic tissue destruction in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia as well as loosening of the white matter. In this paper we analyse in greater detail the pathogenetic mechanisms by which the spongy and cystic lesions are formed and the response of astrocytic cells. For this purpose, tracer (Evans blue)-stained @entity75 were examined in 8-month-old SHRSP immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. @entity7495 of the neuropil in small lesions and at the periphery of larger lesions was due to swollen neuronal and astrocytic cell processes, i.e. at this stage the @entity4 was mainly intracellular. @entity5409 were formed in the grey matter both by expansion of the extracellular space (ECS) containing protein-rich @entity4 fluid, and by @entity397 and subsequent loss of massively swollen cellular elements. In the white matter small slit-formed cysts along the fibre tracts were also formed by the expansion of ECS. In apparently recent lesions astrocytes displayed cyto-plasmic @entity4 but otherwise were still fairly normal. In more chronic lesions increased numbers of enlarged astrocytes with prominent staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein were present. Their distribution corresponded well to the spread of @entity4 , i.e. they were prominent around the leaky vessels in the grey matter, in the subpial zone and in the white matter. In the reparative phase the grey matter cysts became lined by astrocytic processes, a new glia limitans. Profuse sheets of glial processes in the neuropil around the cysts reestablished the @entity75 .

title: Cyst formation and glial response in the @entity75 of @entity64 -prone spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['compactness of the brain parenchyma', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'brain oedema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular damage']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['Sponginess']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity41713 ( @entity41713 ) is a common cause of @entity235 @entity726 and the definitive clinical diagnosis is based on gonioscopy. Although the histologic lesions of @entity41713 have been described, it has not been determined whether these changes are specific for @entity41713 or if similar histologic changes can develop as a consequence of secondary @entity726 . The filtration angles of 61 enucleated @entity235 globes with chronic @entity726 were evaluated with light microscopy by 3 examiners who were masked to the clinical history, signalment, and gonioscopic results. A histologic diagnosis of @entity41713 versus non- @entity41713 was determined by each examiner based on previously reported morphologic criteria and compared with the clinical gonioscopic diagnosis. Of the 61 enucleated @entity735 , 40 were clinically diagnosed with @entity41713 . For all 3 examiners, a histologic diagnosis of @entity41713 corresponded poorly with the clinical diagnosis of @entity41713 (range of kappa score: 0.149-0.269; range of AUC: 0.592-0.621). There was no difference between examiners in their ability to correctly diagnose @entity41713 histologically (P= .978). A fair degree of agreement was noted among examiners in obtaining their suspected histologic diagnosis of @entity41713 (kappa score 0.256). No individual or sets of histologic ICA features were consistent with clinical @entity41713 . The results indicate the histologic @entity6455 changes proposed to be characteristic of @entity41713 are also noted in @entity235 globes affected with @entity726 . Therefore, using routine histologic evaluation, a histologic diagnosis of @entity41713 is not possible in the face of chronic @entity235 @entity726 .

title: XXXX in @entity235 : Relationships Between Histologic Lesions and the Gonioscopic Diagnosis of Pectinate Ligament Dysplasia.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'chronic secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity41713 :: ('MESH:C536448', 'Disease') :: ['Pectinate ligament dysplasia', 'PLD']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Chronic Glaucoma']


abstract: The pathogenic bacterium @entity796 synthesizes alginate as one of a group of virulence factors that are produced during @entity281 . The enzyme @entity3006 - @entity3913 dehydrogenase catalyzes the committed step in alginate biosynthesis. We show here that @entity58448 is an irreversible inactivator of @entity3006 - @entity3913 dehydrogenase. Inactivation occurs with a rate constant of 0.39+/-0.01 mM(-1) min(-1) at pH 8.0, and does not exhibit saturation behavior. Partial protection from inactivation is afforded by @entity3006 - @entity3913 , but not by the other substrate, @entity2125 +. @entity8077 and @entity2125 + together provide complete protection against inactivation. Analysis by mass spectrometry confirmed that the enzyme is alkylated at multiple @entity462 residues by @entity58448 , including @entity2569 213, @entity2569 246, and the active site @entity462 , @entity2569 268. However, the pH dependence of the inactivation rate suggested that alkylation of a single @entity462 residue is sufficient to inactivate the enzyme. The @entity58449 mutant protein was also susceptible to inactivation by @entity58448 . The presence of @entity2125 + and @entity8077 provided partial protection of @entity2569 246 and @entity2569 268, and almost complete protection of @entity2569 213. @entity2569 213 is located on a helix that forms part of the binding pocket for @entity3006 - @entity3913 , and forms a @entity3884 bond with @entity2734 252. @entity2734 252 is located on a loop that surrounds @entity3006 - @entity3913 . The @entity58450 mutant enzyme exhibits a Vmax that is 1.8-fold greater than the wild-type enzyme, suggesting that the interaction between @entity2569 213 and @entity2734 252 helps to hold the loop in place during catalysis, and that opening the loop to release product is partially rate-limiting. @entity2569 246 is adjacent to the @entity3006 - @entity3913 binding loop, and its alkylation may also interfere with loop movement.

title: Inactivation of @entity3006 - @entity3913 dehydrogenase from @entity796 by XXXX identifies a critical active site loop.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity58448 :: ('MESH:D010398', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillic acid']

answer: @entity58448 :: (MESH:D010398,Chemical) :: ['penicillic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe body composition, lipid profile, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) in relation to the development of @entity4614 . DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional evaluation with a nested prospective substudy. @entity1 : The cross-sectional cohort included 104 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity131 [26 females/78 males; median age 41 yr (range 18-64); body mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m(2) (range 17-39); and severity, mild (Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) 13-15) n = 44, moderate (GCS 9-12) n = 20, and severe (GCS <9) n = 40)]. A nested cohort of 46 @entity1 was followed prospectively. MEASUREMENTS: BMI, waist circumference, lipid profile, total- and regional-fat mass were assessed 3 and 12 months (prospective) or only 12 months (cross-sectional) posttraumatically. HRQL questionnaires (Nottingham Health Profile, EuroQoL-5D, and the @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) specific instrument, Quality of Life Assessment of @entity2338 in Adults) were completed "pre-traumatically," 3 and 12 months (prospective), or only 12 months (cross-sectional) posttraumatically. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity4614 had higher age-, gender-, and BMI-adjusted 12-month low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , waist circumference, and total fat mass (P < 0.05 in all cases), and a higher increase in total @entity165 (P = 0.01) during follow-up compared with sufficient @entity1 . These findings were unrelated to 12-month @entity442 and @entity442 sd scores. Hypopituitary @entity1 also had worse age, BMI, and @entity131 severity adjusted overall EuroQoL-5D visual analog scale (P = 0.03) and Quality of Life Assessment of @entity2338 in Adults (P = 0.01) scores, and worse Nottingham Health Profile dimension scores of sleep (P = 0.03), energy (P = 0.02), and social isolation (P = 0.04), compared with @entity1 with an intact pituitary function. CONCLUSION: @entity4614 was an independent predictor of the classical phenotypical features of @entity4614 , including an unfavorable lipid and body composition profile, as well as worsened HRQL.

title: XXXX is associated with an unfavorable body composition and lipid profile, and decreased quality of life 12 months after injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency', 'GHD']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic hypopituitarism', 'posttraumatic hypopituitarism', 'hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4614 :: (MESH:D007018,Disease) :: ['Posttraumatic hypopituitarism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects and indications of total hip replacement (THR) and transplantation of vascularized bone graft in treating late @entity63 @entity39 of the femoral head. METHODS: From March 1986 to March 1993, 81 @entity1 with late @entity63 @entity39 underwent treatment. Of 81 @entity1 , 59 @entity1 who suffered in unilateral hip were divided into 2 groups: 26 underwent total hip replacement and 33 underwent transplantation of vascularized bone graft. There was no significant difference in the Harris-scores of the two groups before operations (P>0.05). The Harris hip scores were compared between different ages (<30 years, 31-50 years, and >51 years) in two groups. RESULTS: The follow-up ranged from 10 years and 3 months to 16 years and 5 months (15 years and two months on average). The changes of Harris-scores of the two groups after operations had significant difference in initial stage (P<0. 05), but had no significant difference in the long term (P>0.05). The change of Harris-scores of @entity1 who underwent total hip replacement had no significant difference between different ages (P>0.05), but that of @entity1 who underwent transplantation of vascularized bone graft had significant difference between different ages (P<0.05). Both groups had satisfactory effects in treating late @entity63 @entity39 of the femoral head. CONCLUSION: Both methods are effective in treating late @entity63 @entity39 of the femoral head. Total hip replacement can be more effective in senior @entity1 . Transplantation of vascularized bone can be more effective in young @entity1 .

title: [Comparison of total hip replacement and transplantation of vascularized bone graft in treating late @entity63 XXXX of the femoral head].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Abstract Objectives: To assess the efficacy of aromatic @entity4048 . DESIGN: Sixty @entity1 with a history of @entity4048 and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) score >10% were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. SETTING: Motion analysis laboratory at Hungkuang University. INTERVENTION: For the experimental group, the intervention included 3% concentration cream composed of four essential oils: marjoram, black pepper, lavender, and peppermint. For the control group, only an unscented cream was provided. For 4 weeks, all @entity1 applied 2   g cream directly to the affected area daily after showering or bathing. OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessment was performed by using a visual analogue scale (VAS), @entity717 , pressure @entity158 threshold (PPT) evaluated with a pressure meter, and neck-joint range evaluated with @entity262 ( @entity262 ). RESULTS: A t-test statistical analysis by SPSS statistical software indicated that VAS scores improved significantly for both groups (p<0.05). In addition, the experimental group had improved @entity158 tolerance in the left upper trapezius (mean  standard deviation, 2.96  2.54) and right upper trapezius (2.88  2.90) as measured by the PPT. According to the @entity717 , the experimental group also showed significant improvement (p=0.02). Comparison of @entity262 values before and after the intervention showed significant improvement in the 10 motion areas in the experimental group. This finding suggests that the experimental group had better results than the control group. CONCLUSION: The essential oil cream developed in this study can be used to improve @entity4048 . This study appears to be the first to quantify this by using @entity3445 and @entity262 .

title: The effectiveness of essential oils for XXXX with @entity4048 : a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['MAS', 'Motion Analysis System']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'essential oils on neck pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if the timing of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with respect to chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity1206 would influence survival in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and concurrent @entity75 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-six @entity1 with @entity75 from @entity1149 were included in the study between July 1995 and October 1997. All @entity1 received chemotherapy with @entity900 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity1206 30 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, 22. Cycles were repeated every four weeks. Evaluation of response was performed after two, four or six cycles. After two cycles, chemotherapy was administered to the responders to a maximum of six cycles. @entity1 were randomised to receive WBRT 30 Gy/10 fx/12 days and delayed corticosteroids. (arm A) for the intracranial nonresponders, or early on day 1 to 12 during the first cycle of chemotherapy (arm B). RESULTS: One hundred seventy-one @entity1 were eligible: eighty-six in arm A and eighty-five in arm B; none had received prior chemotherapy; seventy-six and seventy-three, respectively, were assessable for response. There was a 21% overall objective response rate (OR) (with 1 complete response and 17 partial responses) after two cycles of chemotherapy alone (arm A) and a 20% OR (with 17 partial responses) to chemotherapy and early WBRT (arm B). The intracranial OR was 27% and 33%, respectively (P = 0.12). The six months survival rate (46% and 40%) and the median survival duration (24 and 21 weeks, respectively) were not significantly different between the two arms (P = 0.83, log-rank test). The major @entity137 was severe or life-threatening @entity1398 (grade 4), which occurred in 35% of arm A @entity1 and 36% of arm B @entity1 . There were thirteen treatment-related @entity204 (six in arm A and seven in arm B). There was no difference between the arms for @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the efficacy of chemotherapy in brain metastases of @entity1149 and suggest that the timing (early or delayed) of WBRT did not influence survival of @entity1149 with @entity75 treated with concurrent chemotherapy.

title: Results of a phase III study of early versus delayed whole brain radiotherapy with concurrent XXXX and @entity1206 combination in inoperable @entity75 of @entity1149 : Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie (GFPC) Protocol 95-1.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'haematological and neuro-toxicities']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Formation of the @entity1 eye requires a complex series of tissue interactions that result in an organ of exquisite sensory capability. The early steps in eye development involve extensive cell death associated with morphogenesis. Later, suppression of programmed cell death is essential for tissue differentiation and in the adult, the immune privileged status of the eye is maintained in part through factors that induce inflammatory cell apoptosis. Experimental evidence suggests that suppression of apoptosis in cells of the lens lineage by fibroblast growth factors is one component of their action during lens morphogenesis. Fibroblast growth factors are also required for normal lens fiber-cell differentiation. This includes a degenerative step for organelles that is presumably an adaptation for the clearance of light scattering elements from the optic axis. The process of organelle degeneration may be related to apoptosis in a few of its features. Actively-induced apoptosis becomes important for eye development as the temporary ocular vasculatures regress. This too, is presumably an adaptation for the disposal of cells that would disturb the passage of light to the retina. Ocular macrophages appear to be essential for the induction of apoptosis in the endothelial cells comprising the ocular vasculatures. In the adult, inflammatory cells entering the eye are exposed to the pro-apoptotic agents transforming growth factor-beta2 and @entity12 . The expression of these molecules in the eye, and their action in killing inflammatory cells, has evolved as a means of preventing @entity32 and subsequent @entity1018 . Thus, the eye offers a unique and versatile system for studying the role of programmed cell death in lens development, @entity455 and immune privilege.

title: Apoptosis in XXXX eye development: lens morphogenesis, @entity455 and immune privilege.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular regression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3265 and other alkaline substances have been postulated to be important in cigarette design. The most significant potential contribution of @entity3265 is a possible interaction with the native, protonated @entity1239 in the smoke. @entity3265 is more alkaline than @entity1239 and could facilitate a shift in the acid/base equilibrium where a fraction of the total @entity1239 converts to the more lipophilic, non-protonated form. This non-protonated, or free-base, form of @entity1239 absorbs more efficiently across membranes, resulting in more rapid delivery to the smoker's bloodstream. @entity3265 and other potential @entity3265 sources, such as additives like @entity35728 , could influence the acid-base dynamics in cigarette smoke and ultimately the rate of @entity1239 delivery. To examine and characterize the @entity3265 content in modern cigarettes, we developed a fast, simple and reliable ion chromatography based method to measure extractable @entity3265 levels in cigarette filler. This approach has minimal sample preparation and short run times to achieve high sample throughput. We quantified @entity3265 levels in @entity286 filler from 34 non-mentholated cigarette brands from 3 manufacturers to examine the ranges found across a convenience sampling of popular, commercially available domestic brands and present figures of analytical merit here. @entity3265 levels ranged from approximately 0.9 to 2.4mg per gram of cigarette filler between brands and statistically significance differences were observed between brands and manufacturers. Our findings suggest that @entity3265 levels vary by brand and manufacturer; thus in domestic cigarettes @entity3265 could be considered a significant design feature because of the potential influence on smoke chemistry.

title: Method for the determination of ammonium in cigarette XXXX using ion chromatography.

entities_list: @entity35728 :: ('MESH:C024788', 'Chemical') :: ['diammonium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe the implementation and assess the efficacy of an ophthalmic nurse practitioner (ONP) @entity922 . METHODS: In a 13-month period, @entity1 were assessed in an @entity922 in a teaching hospital setting. The ONP clinic was run on a defined scope of practice. Risk assessment was carried out in two audit sessions, 4 weeks duration each, at months 1 and 7. @entity1 outcomes were monitored for reattendance to the department following discharge. RESULTS: A total of 259 @entity1 were assessed, 143 (55.2%) were within the scope of practice. In the two audit periods, concordance with the ophthalmologist was high, diagnosis 100% and management 95.2%. Many @entity1 assessed (111, 42.9% of total) had minor external eye conditions--chiefly corneal foreign body or @entity12893 (n = 50), @entity2024 (n = 14) and minor (non-alkali) @entity130 (n = 11). No reattendance was noted in these @entity1 when monitored for a mean of 12 months (range 7-19 months). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of an @entity922 when practising within a defined scope of practice. An ONP-led @entity922 is a viable addition to acute ophthalmic eye care in Australia.

title: Implementation and evaluation of an ophthalmic nurse practitioner XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['emergency eye clinic', 'ONP emergency eye clinic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chemical injuries']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['emergency eye clinic']


abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests an important contribution of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) to @entity158 and @entity146 , but their role in @entity158 -related plasticity in the brain is largely unknown. Neuroplasticity in the central nucleus of the amygdala ( @entity13396 ) correlates positively with @entity158 behaviors in different models. Little is known, however, about mechanisms of @entity3825 -related amygdala changes. The electrophysiological and behavioral studies reported here addressed the role of ROS in the @entity13396 in a @entity3825 model induced by intracolonic zymosan. Vocalizations to colorectal distension and @entity148 -like behavior increased after intracolonic zymosan and were inhibited by intra- @entity13396 application of a ROS scavenger ( @entity11933 , a @entity224 dismutase mimetic). @entity11933 also induced a place preference in zymosan-treated @entity35 but not in controls. Single-unit recordings of @entity13396 neurons in anesthetized @entity35 showed increases of background activity and responses to visceral stimuli after intracolonic zymosan. Intra- @entity13396 application of @entity11933 inhibited the increased activity but had no effect under normal conditions. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of @entity13396 neurons in brain slices from zymosan-treated @entity35 showed that @entity11933 decreased neuronal excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission of presumed nociceptive inputs from the brainstem (parabrachial area) through a combination of presynaptic and postsynaptic actions. @entity11933 had no effect in brain slices from sham controls. The results suggest that ROS contribute to @entity3825 -related @entity2915 of amygdala neurons and amygdala-dependent behaviors through a mechanism that involves increased excitatory transmission and excitability of @entity13396 neurons.

title: Reactive XXXX species mediate @entity3825 -related amygdala plasticity and behaviors.

entities_list: @entity11933 :: ('MESH:C001803', 'Chemical') :: ['tempol', 'Tempol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Biopsy specimens have been taken from five standard sites in the stomach and from the duodenal bulb in order to investigate the association of @entity3621 and @entity9317 with @entity4773 . Twenty @entity1 with @entity4773 were investigated in this manner and in addition had gastric secretion tests and a radio-immune assay of serum @entity8243 under differing conditions. The @entity1 were then treated either by a truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TVP) or by a highly selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure (HSV). All the investigations were repeated three months postoperatively. Duodenal @entity1066 was usually associated with gastriitis, although this varied in extent and severity from @entity1 to @entity1 . In nearly all the @entity1 , @entity3621 was present at the pyloric end of the stomach and along the lesser curve. In more than half of the @entity1 , @entity3621 was also present in the body of the stomach but the fundus was usually spared. @entity102 was found in the duodenal bulb in all these @entity1 . After vagotomy there was a marked increase in both the extent and severity of the proximal @entity3621 in both treatment groups but the @entity3621 remain almost unchanged. There was little change in the incidence of @entity9317 after vagotomy but its severity was lessened. No correlation was found between the peak acid output (PAO) in response to Histalog and the severity of the @entity3621 or the @entity9317 either before or after operation, with one exception. The postoperative @entity13795 was significantly less in those @entity1 who developed a severe proximal @entity3621 after vagotomy. No relationship was found between the severity of the @entity3621 and the levels of serum @entity8243 . No correlation was found between either the basal or peak acid output and the corresponding serum @entity8243 levels before or after vagotomy.

title: XXXX , and circulating levels of @entity8243 in @entity4773 before and after vagotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['chronic duodenal ulcer', 'duodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic duodenitis']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis', 'distal gastritis']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

answer: @entity3621 :: (MESH:D005756,Disease) :: ['Gastritis duodenitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low-Grade @entity2784 Triage Study (ALTS) accumulated information regarding conventional and liquid-based Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology, 2 kinds of @entity1082 ) DNA testing, cervicography, and colposcopically directed biopsy. The prevalence of @entity957 in these @entity1 , the efficacy of tests, and the time to detection were reviewed. METHODS: The ALTS data base was reviewed for all @entity1 with @entity189 . All results of colposcopy, HPV testing, cytology, biopsies, and cervigrams were reviewed for all @entity1 in the ALTS trial who were diagnosed with @entity957 . RESULTS: There were 7 diagnoses of @entity3 (all squamous cell) during the 2 years of the ALTS trial. Although the enrollment studies isolated many high-grade lesions, none of those results were diagnostic of the underlying @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity957 in the setting of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous @entity75 cytology interpretation appears to be low (approximately 1 per 1000 @entity1 in the ALTS trial). @entity189 were not visible on the ectocervix by cervicography or colposcopy, which may explain in part the paucity of atypical cells detected on the Pap tests and the finding that the presenting cytology, although abnormal, was never diagnostic of @entity5 . HPV DNA tests were positive in all 7 @entity5 . Type-specific testing identified @entity5 and @entity5 .

title: Description of @entity1 with @entity957 in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/low-grade squamous XXXX triage study.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV type 16 in 6 of 7 cancers', 'HPV type 18 in 1 of 7 cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Many of the carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['intraepithelial lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of individualized ranibizumab treatment in @entity1 with neovascular age-related @entity1020 . DESIGN: Twelve-month, phase III, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study. @entity1 : A total of 513 ranibizumab-na  ve SUSTAIN @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Three initial monthly injections of ranibizumab (0.3 mg) and thereafter pro re nata (PRN) retreatment for 9 months based on prespecified retreatment criteria. @entity1 switched to 0.5 mg ranibizumab after approval in Europe. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of adverse events (AEs), monthly change of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline, the time to first re-treatment, and the number of treatments were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 249 @entity1 (48.5%) reported ocular AEs, and 8 (1.5%) deaths, 5 (1.2%) @entity1 with ocular serious AEs of the study eye ( @entity5861 , @entity231 , @entity989 epithelial tear, reduced visual acuity [VA], @entity548 ), and 19 (3.7%) @entity1 with arteriothromboembolic events were observed. Most frequent AEs in the study eye were reduced VA (18.5%), @entity5861 (7.2%), @entity2790 (7.0%), and @entity548 (5.5%). The average number of re-treatments from months 3 to 11 was 2.7. Mean best-corrected visual acuity increased steadily from baseline to month 3 to reach +5.8 letters, decreased slightly from month 3 to 6, and remained stable from month 6 to 12, reaching +3.6 at month 12. Mean change in CRT was -101.1  m from baseline to month 3 and -91.5  m from baseline to month 12. CONCLUSIONS: The safety results are comparable to the favorable tolerability profile of ranibizumab observed in previous pivotal clinical studies; individualized treatment with less than monthly re-treatments shows a similar safety profile as observed in previous randomized clinical trials with monthly ranibizumab treatment. Efficacy outcomes were achieved with a low average number of re-treatments. Visual acuity in SUSTAIN @entity1 with individualized re-treatment based on VA/optical coherence tomography assessment reached on average a maximum after the first 3 monthly injections, decreased slightly under PRN during the next 2 to 3 months, and was then sustained throughout the treatment period.

title: Safety and efficacy of a flexible dosing regimen of ranibizumab in neovascular age-related XXXX : the SUSTAIN study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hemorrhage', 'vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the @entity66 attributable to @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) in South Africa, to identify the factors contributing to this burden, and to review successes and failures in reducing this burden. DESIGN: Years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated using different approaches for @entity645 / @entity791 , other @entity5 . Burden in respect of @entity645 / @entity791 was estimated using the ASSA2002 model, and for the other diseases the revised national @entity66 estimates for 2000 based on 1996 cause-of-death data were used. The ASSA2002 model was used to estimate numbers of @entity791 deaths under different prevention and treatment scenarios. SETTING: South Africa. OUTCOME MEASURES: Deaths, YLL and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with @entity645 / @entity791 , other @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity2953 accounted for more than 26% of all deaths and over 5 million DALYs in 2000 and over 98% of this burden was due to @entity645 / @entity791 . A combination of social, behavioural and biological conditions contribute to this burden. @entity645 / @entity791 mortality and morbidity are estimated to have increased significantly since 2000, and the future change in this burden is largely dependent on the extent to which antiretroviral treatment and @entity645 prevention programmes are introduced. 2.5 million @entity791 deaths could be prevented by 2015 if high levels of access to antiretroviral treatment are achieved. CONCLUSION: South Africa faces one of the largest STI epidemics in the world. A multifaceted strategy to prevent and treat @entity2953 is needed, and @entity66 assessments should look beyond the role of 'unsafe sex' when attributing this disease burden to risk factors.

title: The XXXX attributable to @entity2953 in South Africa in 2000.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections', 'STIs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['STIs and cervical cancer']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['burden of disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity7305 in @entity134 dependent (S.D) and frequently relapsing (F.R) @entity1985 , from syndrome (N.S). DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Nephrology at The @entity1 s Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 5 years from January 2000 to December 2004. MATERIAL AND METHODS: S.D.N.S and F.R.N.S @entity1 between the ages of 1-15 years, were given @entity7305 on alternate day in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, if either the dosage of @entity230 to maintain remission was >1 mg/kg/every other day (EOD), or 0.5 mg/kg/EOD with signs of @entity134 @entity137 . The agent was continued for a period of one year and the @entity230 were gradually tapered off by 2.5-5 mg every four weeks to less than 0.5 mg/kg/EOD. The @entity1 were monitored for maintenance of remission and side effects of drug. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 with a mean age of 5.50+/-2.97 years , with male to female ratio of 4:1 were studied. Nineteen (27.14%) @entity1 did not relapse on therapy, while it was ineffective in 11(15.7%). Rest of 40 (57.14%) @entity1 , though, relapsed during therapy, their duration of remission was prolonged from six months to one year, and dose of @entity288 could be significantly reduced (0.1-0.3 mg/kg/EOD). It was also observed that @entity7305 is more effective in older @entity1 (>5 years versus <5 years) [P-value 0.03]. The only side effects were transient @entity1910 . CONCLUSION: @entity7305 is a safe and effective @entity134 sparing drug, in @entity134 dependent and frequently relapsing @entity1985 , for the prolongation of remission, especially in older @entity1 .

title: @entity7305 in XXXX dependent and frequently relapsing @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['rash and occasional vomiting']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['Levamisole', 'levamisole']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Forty primary uncemented total hip arthroplasties (THAs) were performed in 34 @entity1 with an average age of 41.2 years (range, 21-78 years). Four hips had one component placed with cement: three femoral, one acetabular. Diagnoses included @entity309 (30 hips), @entity309 (seven hips), and @entity1252 (three hips). The follow-up period averaged 3.7 years (range, two to six years). Thirty-five percent of the @entity1 were using corticosteroids before hip replacement and throughout the follow-up period, whereas 44% of the @entity1 had been using @entity230 in the past. Additionally, 79% of the @entity1 were taking some form of antiinflammatory medications at follow-up examination. Clinical evaluation based on a ten-point rating scale indicated significant improvements from preoperative to the most recent follow-up examination for @entity158 (from 3.1 to 9.0), walking (4.0-7.3), function (3.5-6.0), and activity (3.0-4.9). None of the hips required revision surgery, and none are pending. There was no evidence of roentgenographic failure; however, 43% of femoral and 12.8% of acetabular components showed some minor radiolucencies with @entity3808 lines. None of these involved 100% of the bone-prosthesis interface. Femoral component subsidence occurred in two hips, and acetabular component migration occurred in one hip. Complications included three (8.1%) intraoperative @entity3330 , of which two required internal fixation. One @entity1 had postoperative, culture negative, wound drainage. No deep @entity295 occurred. These findings suggest that uncemented @entity2445 may be successful in the @entity309 @entity1 . @entity158 relief, walking, function, and activity levels are similar to those seen in cemented replacements with this length of follow-up period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Uncemented total hip arthroplasty in XXXX . A two- to six-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis diseases']


abstract: To investigate the functional heterogeneity of @entity19 mast cells, we extracted and purified cutaneous and peritoneal mast cells from 10- to 18-week-old BALB/c @entity19 and compared their responses to secretagogues. Cutaneous mast cells (CMC) were extracted from @entity19 ears after digestion with hyaluronidase and collagenase in MEM containing 25% fetal calf serum and purified on a discontinuous Percoll gradient. The @entity112 content of cells obtained from the 30/40% interface was 1.0 +/- 0.1 pg/cell (mean +/- SE), with a mast-cell purity of 68.6 +/- 4.4% and a viability of greater than 93%. @entity298 ( @entity298 ) were obtained by lavage with modified Tyrode's buffer followed by purification on 22.5% and 3-9% @entity6161 gradients. The @entity112 content of cells was 12.2 +/- 0.8 pg/cell, with a mast-cell purity of 95.9 +/- 0.6% and a viability of greater than 95%. @entity112 release induced by @entity3365 from CMC peaked at 3.0 microM @entity3365 (19.1 +/- 4.2%), at 3.0 min (22.3 +/- 2.3%), and at 30 degrees C (17.6 +/- 2.6%). In contrast, @entity112 release from @entity298 peaked at 8.0 microM of @entity3365 (49.4 +/- 12.1%) and at 15.0 min (48.5 +/- 12.2%). Release of @entity112 from @entity298 was observed at all the temperatures tested from 22 to 45 degrees C. @entity112 release from CMC and @entity298 induced by @entity3365 was @entity460 dependent. @entity112 release induced by compound 48/80 from CMC peaked at 0.5 micrograms/ml of compound 48/80 (23.0 +/- 7.4%) and at 5.0 min incubation (16.3 +/- 2.0%), whereas release from @entity298 peaked at 10.0 micrograms/ml (31.9 +/- 2.6%); release from @entity298 was similar at all the time points examined (1-15 min). @entity112 release induced by substance @entity10133 ) from both CMC and @entity298 peaked at 5.0 microM (18.8 +/- 6.6% and 12.6 +/- 3.7%, respectively); however, the maximal release from CMC occurred at 3.0 min (18.2 +/- 3.2%) and from @entity298 at 30.0 min (11.4 +/- 2.0%). SP-induced @entity112 release from CMC was @entity460 dependent, whereas release from @entity298 was only partially inhibited by @entity1098 . This study demonstrated that functional heterogeneity exists between these two populations of mast cells.

title: Mast-cell heterogeneity: functional comparison of purified XXXX cutaneous and peritoneal mast cells.

entities_list: @entity6161 :: ('MESH:D008793', 'Chemical') :: ['metrizamide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal mast cells', 'PMC']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Constipation is one of the most common causes of consultation in pediatric practice, it has a multifactorial etiology and its treatment can be complex. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To establish the clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic @entity1142 in pediatric population in Mexico, a review of the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects was conducted by an expert group of pediatric gastroenterologist in our country. RESULTS: Constipation is a symptom that reflects the presence of fecal retention, which is reported by @entity1 or their relatives as decreased stool frequency, hard stools, and sometimes pain and excessive pushing. Constipation can occur at any stage of childhood. The main trigger for fecal retention is the painful evacuation. @entity1 who meet the Rome III criteria for functional @entity1142 do not require diagnostic tests. The diagnostic tests are reserved for cases in which alarm signs are present and in @entity1 refractory to conventional treatment. The goal of treatment is to promote smooth and painless evacuations preventing reaccumulation of stool. Osmotic laxatives such as @entity968 and @entity11884 are the most effective treatments. In special cases, biofeedback therapy, the use of botulinum toxin and surgery can be effective, although the evidence is weak. CONCLUSIONS: Management of chronic @entity1142 in pediatric population requires a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

title: [Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in Mexico. D) Evaluation and treatment of @entity1142 in pediatric population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: While @entity5948 -based treatment can cure diffuse large @entity1892 , most @entity1 over age 80 do not receive @entity632 due to @entity137 concerns. This study evaluated this practice, as @entity1 age 80 and older are largely excluded from clinical trials. The primary outcome of interest was overall survival. Secondary outcomes included treatment-related mortality and @entity5948 dose intensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assembled a cohort of 530 newly diagnosed diffuse large @entity1892 @entity1 age 80 or older diagnosed within United States Veterans Health Administration. Treatment and survival information were obtained to determine associations between @entity5948 use, dose intensity, treatment-related mortality and overall survival. RESULTS: Of the 530 @entity1 , 285 received systemic treatment and 193 received an @entity5948 . After controlling for potential confounders, rituximab decreased mortality (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.88), while @entity632 was not significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI: 0.64-1.17). Completion of treatment with @entity5948 dose intensity >= 85% of expected was only 14%. @entity1 treated with @entity5948 dose intensity <85% had better one year survival compared to those treated at >= 85% (70% vs. 59%, p=0.029). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that full dose @entity5948 therapy may be less important in the treatment of diffuse large @entity1892 @entity1 over age 80. The low frequency of completion of full dose intensity treatment suggests that standard doses are an unrealistic standard of care for @entity1 this age. Alternate treatment strategies and risk stratification should be considered for these @entity1 .

title: Comparative effectiveness of @entity5948 -containing chemotherapy in United States veterans age 80 and older with diffuse large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: The definition of childhood urinary @entity322 , used here, is leakage of at least 1 ml of urine at least once a week in a @entity1 from 5 years of age. Functional day wetting is @entity322 not caused by disease, @entity99 , and is almost always urge @entity322 due to an @entity1494 . The following figures for prevalence are quoted from the Gothenburg study of 35567-year-old school entrants. Any kind of urinary @entity322 at least once a week was reported by 6% of the @entity1 . Day wetting at least once a week was found in 3.1% of the @entity1 and 2.1% of the @entity1 . Most of the day wetting @entity1 also had urgency which was reported in 82% of the @entity1 and 74% of the @entity1 . Bedwetting at least once a week was reported by 2.9% of the @entity1 and 3.8% of the @entity1 . The bedwetting was monosymptomatic (no additional symptoms, no day wetting) in 39% of the @entity1 and 59% of the @entity1 with nocturnal enuresis. Combined daytime and night-time @entity322 was reported by 17% of the @entity1 , while 22% wet only by day, and 61% only by night. None of the 3556 @entity1 had a previously undetected organic cause for their @entity322 . There is a strong association between @entity793 and day wetting in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 . We do not know whether the bacteria cause the disturbance of bladder function, or vice versa. The cause and effect may work in both directions.

title: Functional daytime XXXX : definitions and epidemiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['unstable bladder']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['injury or congenital malformation']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of breast-conserving therapy for young @entity1 with a @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) suggestive of @entity0 susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 201 @entity1 aged 36 or younger at diagnosis treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy (> or = 60 Gy) for @entity0 were categorized by @entity4310 . @entity4310 was considered positive in 29 @entity1 who, at the time of diagnosis, had a mother or sister previously diagnosed with @entity43 at any age. Clinical, pathologic, and demographic variables; sites of first failure; disease-free survival; and overall survival (OS) were compared between @entity4310 -positive and -negative groups. Median follow-up time was 11 years. RESULTS: @entity1 and @entity5 features were similar between those with and without an @entity4310 . Regression analysis of sites of first failure at 5 years demonstrated a risk ratio (RR) of 5.7 for opposite @entity0 for @entity4310 -positive @entity1 . Rates of local, regional, and distant failure and disease-free survival or OS did not differ between @entity4310 -positive and -negative @entity1 . Age at diagnosis and Ashkenazi heritage were not significantly predictors of patterns of failure. CONCLUSION: Breast-conserving surgery combined with radiation therapy is not associated with a higher rate of local recurrence, distant failure, or second (non-breast) cancers in young @entity1 with an @entity4310 suggestive of @entity0 susceptibility compared with young @entity1 without an @entity4310 . However, their increased risk of opposite @entity0 should be taken into account when considering breast conservation as a treatment option.

title: Family history and treatment outcome in young XXXX after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer before age 50 or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['inherited breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'family history']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate renal function as a long-term predictor of mortality in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity64 . METHODS: This was a cohort study done in a Scottish tertiary teaching hospital. @entity1 included 2042 (993 male) unselected consecutive @entity64 @entity1 (mean age, 73 years) admitted to hospital within 48 hours of @entity64 between 1988 and 1994. Follow-up was up to 7 years. Main outcome measure was all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The total number of @entity204 at the end of follow-up was 1026. Most subjects (1512) had @entity1011 <124 micromol/L. The mean calculated @entity1011 clearance was 54.8 mL/min (SD, 23 mL/min). Renal function indexes were analyzed by quartiles with @entity797 proportional-hazards model. @entity64 survivors had higher calculated @entity1011 clearance and lower serum @entity1011 , @entity1133 , and ratios of @entity1133 to @entity1011 . Calculated @entity1011 clearance > or =51.27 mL/min significantly predicted better long-term survival in these @entity64 @entity1 even after adjustment for confounders (age, neurological score, ischemic @entity299 , @entity101 , smoking, and diuretic use). Similarly, @entity1011 > or =119 micromol/L "relative risk (RR), 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32 to 1.92", @entity1133 6.8 to 8.9 mmol/L (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.65) or > or =9 mmol/L (RR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.42 to 2.13), and ratio of @entity1133 to @entity1011 > or =0.08573 mmol/micromol (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.50) remained significant predictors of mortality after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: After @entity64 , @entity1 with reduced admission calculated @entity1011 clearance, raised serum @entity1011 and @entity1133 concentrations (even within conventional reference intervals), and raised ratio of @entity1133 to @entity1011 had a higher mortality risk. This finding may be used to stratify risk and target interventions, eg, the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

title: Does renal dysfunction predict mortality after XXXX ? A 7-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the bioconcentration-elimination process of @entity2960 in the liver of the @entity4715 ( @entity4715 ). The animals were exposed to two sublethal @entity2960 concentrations corresponding to 1/5 and 1/10 of LC50 96-h in a flow-through test system. Uptake kinetics were determined from liver burdens measured at 2, 8, 24, 48, 56, 72 and 96 hours exposure. After pesticide exposure, animals were transferred to clean water for 72 hours. @entity2960 elimination was determined after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of recovery period. The insecticide showed a high bioconcentration tendency. Steady-state was reached after 48 hours exposure when the animals where exposed to the lowest concentration. This was followed with a rapid elimination process when the animals were transferred to clean water. Animals exposed to 0.04 ppm showed an early accumulation of the toxicant into the liver, and a steady-state was reached after 8 hours. The elimination rate constant K2 of 0.0096 h-1 and 0.06 h-1 were estimated from the data. The biotransformation rate of @entity2960 in the @entity4715 were low as indicated by a relatively short half-life (11.55 h) of the insecticide. An increase in the Hepatosomatic Index was observed after 96 hours of exposure, but no significant differences were found between control and exposed animals.

title: Uptake and elimination kinetics of a pesticide in the liver of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2960 :: ('MESH:D005278', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenitrothion', 'fenitrothion']

entities_list: @entity4715 :: ('7936', 'Species') :: ['european eel', 'European eel', 'Anguilla anguilla']

answer: @entity4715 :: (7936,Species) :: ['European eel']


abstract: CONTEXT: The @entity535 @entity534 is a substrate for @entity842 synthase and is increasingly used as a health supplement. Prior studies suggest that @entity534 has the potential to reduce @entity455 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the addition of @entity534 to standard postinfarction therapy reduces @entity455 and improves ejection fraction over 6-month follow-up in @entity1 following acute ST-segment elevation @entity583 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with enrollment from February 2002 to June 2004. @entity1 : A total of 153 @entity1 following a first ST-segment elevation @entity583 were enrolled; 77 @entity1 were 60 years or older. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity534 (goal dose of 3 g 3 times a day) or matching placebo for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in gated blood pool-derived ejection fraction over 6 months in @entity1 60 years or older randomized to receive @entity534 compared with those assigned to receive placebo. Secondary outcomes included change in ejection fraction in all @entity1 enrolled, change in noninvasive measures of @entity455 , and clinical events. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics, @entity455 measurements, and left ventricular function were similar between @entity1 randomized to receive placebo or @entity534 . The mean (SD) age was 60 (13.6) years; of the @entity1 , 104 (68%) were @entity1 . There was no significant change from baseline to 6 months in the @entity455 measurements or left ventricular ejection fraction in either of the 2 groups, including those 60 years or older and the entire study group. However, 6 @entity1 (8.6%) in the @entity534 group died during the 6-month study period vs none in the placebo group (P = .01). Because of the safety concerns, the data and safety monitoring committee closed enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity534 , when added to standard postinfarction therapies, does not improve @entity455 measurements or ejection fraction and may be associated with higher postinfarction mortality. @entity534 should not be recommended following @entity583 . Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00051376.

title: XXXX therapy in @entity583 : the Vascular Interaction With Age in @entity583 (VINTAGE MI) randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity534 :: (CHEBI:16467,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: Cases of adult-onset @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ) identified from January 1970 through December 1986 were studied in a defined area of California. The @entity1 were followed prospectively throughout the illness in 99% of cases. Among 708 cases aged 25-74 years at onset, the most common type (86%) was typical, sporadic @entity746 (SporALS). The risk of bulbar onset and shorter survival times increased with age in both @entity1 and @entity1 . About 4%, mainly younger @entity1 , experienced unusually long courses with milder @entity912 , but could not be identified early in the illness. They probably represent one extreme of the @entity2655 spectrum rather than a distinct subtype. @entity2655 ( @entity2655 ) was diagnosed in 7%. It developed earlier in life but ran a slightly longer course, which suggests a different disease process. Overall there was a statistically significant predominance of males, especially in 17 cases (2%) of progressive @entity2057 (PMA). There were 26 cases (4%) classified as @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ). @entity10296 was not found; that diagnosis usually denotes merely the bulbar onset of @entity2655 .

title: Onset, natural history and outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2655 :: ('MESH:C565957', 'Disease') :: ['FamALS', 'Familial ALS', 'ALS']

entities_list: @entity10296 :: ('MESH:D010244', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive bulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic motor neuron disease', 'primary lateral sclerosis', 'MND', 'PLS']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['idiopathic adult motor neuron disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and practicalities of using the technique of mental practice as an adjunct in the rehabilitation of the upper limb following @entity64 . DESIGN: A series of single-case studies. SETTING: @entity64 rehabilitation unit in Belfast. SUBJECTS: Fourteen @entity1 admitted for rehabilitation of their first @entity64 : six @entity1 and four @entity1 , aged 45-81 between 10 and 176 days post @entity64 . INTERVENTION: Each @entity1 underwent a single-case design, with two weeks baseline, two weeks intervention and one week withdrawal. The intervention consisted of structured daily mental practice sessions of a reach and grasp task, in addition to their usual therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The upper limb component of the Motricity Index was used to grade motor activity sequentially across the timescale of the study. RESULTS: Of the 14 @entity1 recruited, four withdrew and 10 completed the study. Nine showed improvement in upper limb Motricity Index score with mental practice as measured by the two-band standard deviation method. One of these cases demonstrated an unstable baseline such that changes could not be attributed to intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that mental practice may be useful as an adjunct to physiotherapy after @entity64 .

title: The adjunctive role of mental practice in the rehabilitation of the upper limb after XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'A stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['hemiplegic stroke']


abstract: AIMS: The study aimed at correlation of post- @entity64 with area and volume of @entity1188 / bleed, and with subsequent in-hospital @entity1576 and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 50 @entity1 of @entity64 were serially recruited. Standard Staff swallowing assessment was performed within 24 hours of admission along with pulse oximetry. @entity385 were classified as per OCPS registry. In-hospital @entity1576 and mortality, mode of nutrition and disability status at discharge were noted. RESULTS: 21/50 (42%) @entity1 had post- @entity64 during their hospital course. Among @entity1188 , @entity4798 ( @entity4798 ) had 100% incidence of @entity1282 , followed by @entity4798 (PACI-36%), Posterior Circulation @entity1188 (POCI-33%), and @entity1188 (LACI-18%). 67% of @entity548 had post- @entity64 . Staff swallowing assessment had a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 73% respy., for predicting @entity1576 . The corresponding figures for Pulse oximetry were 79% and 91%.

title: XXXX in @entity64 : correlation with @entity64 subtype, vascular territory and in-hospital @entity1576 and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['TACI', 'Partial Anterior Circulation Infarcts', 'Total Anterior Circulation Infarcts']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke', 'stroke dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'Lacunar infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Dysphagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Through the increased availability and sophistication of genetic testing, it is now possible to identify causal diagnoses in a growing proportion of @entity1 with @entity245 . In addition to @entity245 and @entity717 , many @entity74 are associated with high risks of psychopathology, which curtail the wellbeing of affected individuals and their families. Beyond the identification of significant clinical needs, understanding the diverse pathways from rare genetic mutations to @entity73 and emotional-behavioural disturbance has theoretical and practical utility. METHODS: We overview (based on a strategic search of the literature) the state-of-the-art on causal mechanisms leading to one of the most common childhood behavioural diagnoses - @entity71 ( @entity71 ) - in the context of specific @entity74 . We focus on new insights emerging from the mapping of causal pathways from identified genetic differences to neuronal biology, @entity75 , cognitive processing differences and ultimately behavioural symptoms of @entity71 . FINDINGS: First, @entity71 research in the context of rare genotypes highlights the complexity of multilevel mechanisms contributing to psychopathology risk. Second, comparisons between @entity74 associated with similar psychopathology risks can elucidate convergent or distinct mechanisms at each level of analysis, which may inform therapeutic interventions and prognosis. Third, @entity74 provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe dynamic developmental interactions between neurocognitive risk and behavioural symptoms. Fourth, variation in expression of psychopathology risk within each @entity74 points to putative moderating and protective factors within the genome and the environment. CONCLUSION: A common imperative emerging within psychopathology research is the need to investigate mechanistically how developmental trajectories converge or diverge between and within genotype-defined groups. Crucially, as genetic predispositions modify interaction dynamics from the outset, longitudinal research is required to understand the multi-level developmental processes that mediate symptom evolution.

title: Annual Research Review: Rare genotypes and childhood psychopathology - uncovering diverse developmental mechanisms of XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders', 'developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of @entity1 with @entity4236 treated with neoadjuvant or definitive radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1980 and 2001, 28 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity4236 underwent RT, with a median dose of 60 Gy (range 38-73). The median age was 58 years (range 16-85). According to the Kadish classification, 4 @entity1 had Stage A, 8 Stage B, and 16 Stage C @entity5 . Radical resection was performed in 13 cases, in 9 before RT and in 4 after RT because of stable or progressive disease. The outcome analyses included the median age (58 years), Kadish stage, skull base penetration, intraorbital extension, resection status, and total dose (<or=60 vs. >60 Gy). RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 68 months, 54% of @entity1 were free of @entity5 progression. The 5- and 10-year local progression-free survival rate was 81% and 51%, respectively, and the disease-free survival rate was 70% and 25%, respectively. Four of ten deaths (4/10) were intercurrent, resulting in a cause-specific survival of 77% and 69% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Radical resection offered significantly better local progression-free survival and disease-free survival (p <0.02). Skull base penetration (p <0.04), intraorbital extension (p <0.04), and Kadish C stage (p <0.06) were important for impaired disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: Despite doses up to 73 Gy, radical RT cannot replace radical resection, which classifies @entity4236 as rather radioresistant. Because of its biology and the high rates of late recurrence, we recommend a radical strategy with resection, high-dose RT, and simultaneous chemotherapy. We are aware that some @entity5 qualify for palliative treatment only.

title: XXXX : irradiation alone and surgery alone are not enough.

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The majority of data on colonic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are limited to malignant lesions in the rectum and diseases of the anal sphincter. The forward-oblique-viewing @entity1729 has been mostly applied for staging @entity5 . A front-viewing echocolonoscope is available but has not been widely used because of limited indications and the expense of buying another instrument. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the utility of a forward-oblique-viewing @entity1729 for EUS of malignant and benign lesions of the sigmoid/left colon and the rectum. METHODS: Thirty-two EUS exams were performed for a variety of indications in the rectum and the sigmoid/left colon. The @entity1 were prepared for the exam in a manner similar to the performance of flexible sigmoidoscopy. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed in all cases before performing EUS. Surgical path data were reviewed in all cases if the @entity1 had surgery after EUS. RESULTS: Twenty-six exams were done for staging of @entity189 , follow-up after chemotherapy and/or radiation, or to look for recurrence after resection of @entity14 . Surgical pathology results were available in 20 @entity1 . The accuracies of EUS were 85% for T staging and 80% for N staging. Six EUS exams were for benign causes, including evaluation for the presence of a perirectal abscess in two (no abscess found), to rule out rectal varices in one (EUS confirmed rectal varices), and evaluation of @entity75 . One @entity1 subsequent to EUS imaging also underwent a linear EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of a submucosal mass in the rectum with the fine-needle aspirate consistent with a @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The forward-oblique-viewing @entity1729 is a versatile instrument that can be applied for EUS imaging of malignant and benign indications not only in the rectum but also in the sigmoid/left colon.

title: Utility of an XXXX for endoscopic ultrasonography of malignant and benign conditions of the sigmoid/left colon and the rectum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myogenic tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectosigmoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper echoendoscope']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper echoendoscope']


abstract: To evaluate extracellular hydrolytic enzymes in an in vivo system, plastic chambers were glued over @entity95 dermal BCG lesions in various stages of development, after the central epithelium was removed with a scalpel. They were filled with tissue culture medium and left in place 2 days. The following enzymes in the fluid were assayed: collagenase (an enzyme secreted but not stored in macrophages); lysozyme (both secreted and stored); DNase and RNase (released on cell death and possibly regurgitated but not secreted); and, as a control, lactic dehydrogenase (released only on cell death). Tissue sections were prepared and studied histologically for the type of cell infiltrate, for @entity7791 (our marker enzyme for macrophage activation), and for @entity39 . At 11 and 18 days of age the BCG lesions were largest and the number of activated macrophages in the chamber beds was highest. At this time the levels of the five enzymes assayed in the chamber fluids reached their peaks, tuberculin @entity56 was well developed, and the bacilli components would still be plentiful. In general, the chamber fluids from 11- and 18-day BCG lesions contained higher enzyme levels than chamber fluids from tuberculin reactions. Active collagenase was only detected in fluids from such BCG lesions. Evidently, the serum in the chamber fluids was sufficient to inhibit the lower amounts of collagenase probably released from smaller BCG lesions and tuberculin reactions (and from the 2-week @entity852 lesions that were also evaluated). These studies demonstrate that in chronic inflammatory reactions, both acid-acting and neutral-acting hydrolytic enzymes are released extracellularly. Tissue components would be hydrolyzed locally wherever the acid-acting hydrolytic enzymes encounter a drop in pH and wherever the concentration of neutral-acting hydrolytic enzymes exceeds the concentration of their inhibitors.

title: Extracellular hydrolytic enzymes of XXXX dermal tuberculous lesions and tuberculin reactions collected in skin chambers.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity900 is widely used against various @entity5 , but resistance is commonly encountered. By inducing DNA crosslinks, @entity900 triggers DNA damage response (DDR) and cell death. However, the molecular determinants of how cells respond to @entity900 are incompletely understood. Since ubiquitination plays a major role in DDR, we performed a high-content siRNA screen targeting 327 @entity1 ubiquitin ligases and 92 deubiquitinating enzymes in @entity1 cells, interrogating the response to @entity900 . We quantified yH2AX by immunofluorescence and image analysis as a read-out for DNA damage. Among known mediators of DDR, the screen identified the ubiquitin ligase @entity58526 as a new player in the response to @entity900 . @entity58526 depletion led to decreased yH2AX levels and decreased phosphorylation of the @entity23902 ( @entity23902 ) upon @entity900 . Moreover, loss of @entity58526 triggered apoptosis and decreased proliferation of @entity5 cells. Treating cells with the @entity2353 analogue @entity136 led to increased accumulation of single-stranded DNA upon @entity58526 depletion, pointing to a defect in replication. Furthermore, we show that endogenous @entity58526 levels in @entity5 cells were down-regulated upon chemotherapeutic treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that @entity58526 is a molecular determinant of the DDR and cell survival, and that its loss sensitizes @entity5 cells towards DNA-damaging treatment.

title: Screening analysis of ubiquitin ligases reveals @entity58526 as a potential target for chemosensitizing XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this manuscript, we estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for sudden unexpected @entity204 in a socioeconomically and racially diverse population in one county in North Carolina. Estimates of the incidence and risk factors contributing to @entity944 vary widely. The Sudden Unexpected @entity204 (SUDDEN) project is a population-based investigation of the incidence and potential causes of @entity944 . METHODS: From 3 March 2013 to 2 March 2014, all out-of-hospital deaths in Wake County, North Carolina, were screened to identify presumed sudden unexpected @entity204 among free-living residents between the ages of 18 and 64   years. Death certificate, public and medical records were reviewed and adjudicated to confirm sudden unexpected @entity204 cases. RESULTS: Following adjudication, 190 sudden unexpected deaths including 122 @entity1 and 68 @entity1 were identified. Estimated incidence was 32.1 per 100   000 @entity1 -years overall: 42.7 among @entity1 and 22.4 among @entity1 . The majority of victims were white, unmarried @entity1 over age 55   years, with unwitnessed deaths at home. @entity101 and dyslipidaemia were common in @entity1 and @entity1 . African-American @entity1 dying from sudden unexpected @entity204 were over-represented. @entity1 who were under age 55   years with @entity301 accounted for over half of female @entity1 with @entity453 . CONCLUSIONS: The overall estimated incidence of sudden unexpected @entity204 may account for approximately 10% of all deaths classified as 'natural'. @entity1 have a lower estimated incidence of sudden unexpected @entity204 than @entity1 . However, we found no major differences in age or comorbidities between @entity1 and @entity1 . African-Americans and young @entity1 with @entity301 are at risk for sudden unexpected @entity204 .

title: Estimated incidence and risk factors of sudden unexpected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Death in North Carolina', 'death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Fifty-nine @entity1 with both clinical evidence of @entity1374 and patent @entity6 were investigated in our diabetology department. @entity1 with @entity3214 and iatrogenic or @entity1375 were excluded from the study. Among the 45 @entity6 with @entity1378 , 32 had @entity2743 and 13 had toxic @entity652 ; 71% were @entity2690 -treated. @entity1378 had passed unnoticed in 7 of these 32 @entity1 because @entity1295 and loss of weight, which initially were the predominant or sole symptoms, are extremely frequent in uncontrolled @entity6 . These symptoms, as well as @entity2011 , @entity7298 and even sweating are common to both diseases. Considerable deterioration in the control of glycaemia was observed in 63% of the @entity2690 -treated @entity1 when @entity1378 developed, with a 17 to 212% (mean 82%) increase in @entity2690 dosage in 53%. There was no correlation between the degree of @entity1378 and the loss of control. Following treatment of the @entity1378 , control was improved in 63%, with an 11-83% (mean 44%) decrease in @entity2690 dosage in 59% of them. @entity2690 therapy could be withdrawn in only one of the 32 @entity2690 -treated @entity1 . Non-iatrogenic @entity1375 was found in 0.2% of the @entity6 investigated. This incidence was significantly higher than the calculated probability of the two diseases occurring by chance in the same @entity1 . Eleven out of 14 @entity1 were @entity2690 -treated. When @entity1375 developed, 73% of them had their @entity2690 dosage reduced, with a high frequency of @entity74 : repeated "malaise" in 55% and @entity772 in 27%. A higher proportion of @entity1694 was also noted: 14% in the total @entity1 population reported, and 18% in @entity2690 -treated @entity1 .

title: [Effect of clinical XXXX and @entity1375 on patent @entity6 . 59 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['polyphagia']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroid goitre']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycaemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chlamydiae are intracellular bacterial parasites of eukaryotes, ranging from amoebae to @entity1 . They comprise many novel members and are investigated as emerging pathogens. Environmental studies highlighted similarities between the ecologies of chlamydiae and legionellae, both groups being important agents of @entity1729 . Herein, we analyzed nasal samples from healthy @entity1 , searching for the presence of amoebae, chlamydiae and legionellae. From a total of 25 samples, we recovered by PCR eight samples positive to chlamydiae and six samples positive to legionellae. Among these samples, four were positive to both organisms. The sequencing of 16S rDNAs allowed to identify (i) among Chlamydiae: @entity23959 , @entity4439 , @entity24723 , and members of Rhabdochlamydiaceae, Simkaniaceae and E6 lineage and (ii) among Legionellaceae: @entity28664 , @entity28664 bozemanii and @entity28664 impletisoli. Unexpectedly, we also recovered Diplorickettsia sp. Amoebae collected from nasal mucosae, Acanthamoeba and Vermamoeba, were endosymbiont-free, and chlamydiae revealed refractory to amoeba coculture. This study shows common exposure to chlamydiae and legionellae and suggests open air activities like gardening as a probable additional source of @entity281 .

title: Detection of novel Chlamydiae and Legionellales from XXXX nasal samples of healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4439 :: ('83554', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydophila psittaci']

entities_list: @entity24723 :: ('83556', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydophila felis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity28664 :: ('450', 'Species') :: ['Legionella', 'Legionella longbeachae']

entities_list: @entity23959 :: ('83552', 'Species') :: ['Parachlamydia acanthamoebae']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) is quite rare in @entity1 . Mutations of @entity4016 ( @entity4017 ) or @entity20096 ( @entity32198 /L) were absent in pediatric @entity1 with @entity4018 according to previous studies. Recently, mutations in @entity4015 ( @entity4015 ) were described in adult @entity1 with @entity4016 / @entity20096 -unmutated @entity4018 . Our study aimed to analyze the clinical and genetic features of Chinese pediatric @entity1 with @entity4018 . PROCEDURES: We retrospectively investigated 14 pediatric @entity1 diagnosed as @entity4018 according to WHO 2008 criteria. Direct sequencing was performed for the existence of genetic alterations in @entity4016 , @entity20096 , @entity5312 , @entity5315 , @entity5314 , @entity818 , @entity14051 , @entity5313 , @entity16719 , @entity15786 and @entity4015 . RESULTS: In our cohort, all @entity1 had @entity417 , three @entity1 (21%) had @entity381 , six @entity1 (43%) had micromegakaryocytes at time of diagnosis. No @entity1 had spontaneous remission and six @entity1 (43%) transformed to @entity3052 . In nine @entity1 with evaluable cytogenetic information, three subjects (33%) had abnormal karyotypes. The median survival from time of diagnosis was 28 months. Seven @entity1 (50%) had type 2 mutations of @entity4015 . No @entity1 had mutations in the other candidate genes. There was no statistical differences in age, gender, hemoglobin, WBC, neutrophil and platelet counts, percentage of circulating blast, overall survival and @entity1778 transformation between @entity1 with and without @entity4015 mutation. CONCLUSION: Our study documented that Chinese pediatric @entity1 with @entity4018 in our cohort had its own clinical characteristics and poor outcome. @entity4015 mutations were detected in 50% of our pediatric @entity1 with @entity4018 . Based on our study, @entity4015 mutations screening could be used as molecular marker for diagnosis of pediatric @entity1 with @entity4018 . Pediatr @entity5 2014;61:2256-2262.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity4015 mutation screening in pediatric primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Blood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['Primary myelofibrosis', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity4015 :: ('811', 'Gene') :: ['calreticulin', 'CALR']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: In July 1984, the first national Australian Nosocomial Prevalence Survey collected data on 12,742 surgical @entity1 from 265 hospitals. This sample represented 59% of public and private hospitals with 50 or more acute-care beds in Australia. The @entity281 at each hospital provided data on @entity1 in a random sample of beds. The over-all surgical wound @entity281 rate was 4.6%. The surgical wound @entity281 rate was twice (5.4%) as high in public than in private (2.8%) hospitals. The @entity281 rates were greater in larger hospitals in both the public and private sector. However, after adjusting for the other predictor factors that are noted below the @entity281 rate did not show any particular pattern for the size of hospital. Clean surgery had a higher (4.8%) @entity281 rate than did clean-contaminated surgery (2.9%). The @entity281 rate for contaminated surgery was 15.0%. @entity1 were found to have nearly twice (6.5%) the @entity281 rate of @entity1 (3.4%). Infection rates were lowest in the 15-to-34 years' age-group and highest in those of over 55 years of age. These trends remained even after adjusting for the other risk factors for @entity281 . The cost of @entity6081 for all hospitals during the year of 1984 was estimated at approximately  60 million. We suggest that a concerted effort should be made to attempt to reduce the @entity281 rate for clean surgery to 1% or less.

title: XXXX in Australia: a national study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection control officers', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['surgical wound infections']

answer: @entity6081 :: (MESH:D013530,Disease) :: ['Predictors of surgical wound infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 51-year-old @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) was treated with @entity2213 (IM). After 24 months of treatment, he achieved a complete molecular response (CMR), which he sustained for 3 years. However, 4 months after discontinuing IM treatment, the @entity1860 relapsed. The @entity1 was treated again with IM and achieved CMR. A combination of IM and @entity4020 ( @entity4020 ) was administered for the following year, and then discontinued. The @entity1 has since sustained CMR without therapy for 24 months, to date. This @entity1 was found to have a @entity22030 (BIM) deletion polymorphism. @entity1860 @entity1 with a BIM deletion polymorphism show a low response to IM, and we infer that the BIM deletion polymorphism is a negative factor for discontinuation of IM. @entity4020 treatment is expected to prevent relapse during immunological surveillance. Therefore, the combination of IM and @entity4020 might be a feasible approach for @entity1860 @entity1 who experience difficulty with IM discontinuation.

title: Treatment-free molecular remission achieved by combination therapy with @entity2213 and @entity4020 in XXXX with BIM deletion polymorphism relapsed after stop @entity2213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['CML']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is one of the leading causes of @entity5 . At the time of diagnosis, more than half of the @entity1 will have disseminated disease and, yet, diagnosing can be challenging. New methods are desired to improve the diagnostic work-up. Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles displaying various proteins on their membrane surfaces. In addition, they are readily available in blood samples where they constitute potential biomarkers of @entity1 diseases, such as @entity5 . Here, we examine the potential of distinguishing @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 from control subjects based on the differential display of exosomal protein markers. METHODS: Plasma was isolated from 109 @entity1149 @entity1 with advanced stage (IIIa-IV) disease and 110 matched control subjects initially suspected of having @entity5 , but diagnosed to be @entity5 free. The Extracellular Vesicle Array (EV Array) was used to phenotype exosomes directly from the plasma samples. The array contained 37 antibodies targeting @entity2 -related proteins and was used to capture exosomes, which were visualised with a cocktail of @entity1885 -conjugated @entity6460 , @entity5775 and @entity14047 antibodies. RESULTS: The EV Array analysis was capable of detecting and phenotyping exosomes in all samples from only 10   L of unpurified plasma. Multivariate analysis using the Random Forests method produced a combined 30-marker model separating the two @entity1 groups with an area under the curve of 0.83, CI: 0.77-0.90. The 30-marker model has a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.76, and it classifies @entity1 with 75.3% accuracy. CONCLUSION: The EV Array technique is a simple, minimal-invasive tool with potential to identify @entity2 @entity1 .

title: Exosomal proteins as potential diagnostic markers in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: This study investigated the value of the in vitro histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) for predicting the efficacy of chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1204 . Specimens were obtained from 115 @entity1 with @entity1204 treated at Keio University Hospital between 1994 and 2002. @entity5 fragments were cultured on collagen sponge gel with @entity900 for 7 days, and cell viability was assessed. The cutoff value of the 50% inhibitory concentration of @entity900 was set at 23 microg/mL. Sensitivity of stage III or IV disease to chemotherapy was investigated, and differences of 5-year progression-free survival between @entity1 with sensitive and resistant @entity5 were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. @entity5 were evaluable in 93.0% of @entity1 (107/115). Among 38 @entity1 in stages III or IV, 23 received chemotherapy containing @entity900 . Seven sensitive @entity5 did not recur, while recurrence/progression occurred within 6 months in 8/16 @entity1 with @entity5 showing low sensitivity. Among stages III and IV @entity1 , there was a significant difference of 5-year progression-free survival (P < 0.05) between those with @entity5 showing high or low sensitivity. Accordingly, the HDRA may predict the efficacy of chemotherapy for @entity1204 .

title: Sensitivity to @entity900 determined by the histoculture drug response assay and clinical response of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: About 10-15% of clinically diagnosed pregnancies end by @entity2208 . One of the causes of recurrent @entity5852 is the presence of chromosome aberrations in a parent. The paper presents the results of cytogenetic investigations in 107 couples referred to genetic council clinic because of at least 2 spontaneous @entity5852 . Cytogenetic analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes after standard 72h PHA-stimulated culture. At least 20 GTG- and CBG-banded metaphases were analyzed in each @entity1 . Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique was used as to precisely define cytogenetic results. @entity2008 were found in 7 couples (6.54%), exclusively in @entity1 . Numerical aberration (47,XXX) was present in 1 @entity1 , and balanced structural aberrations in 6 (5.61%). In 3 of them balanced translocations were disclosed: t(7; 19)(p13;p13.3), t(8;16)(q24;q22), and t(3;8)(q21;p21), in 2--inversions: inv(2)(p25q31), inv(17)(p12p13.3), and in 1--der(20). Pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 was found in 3 @entity1 . The analysis of nongenetic factors showed that neither age, nor @entity154 of uterus could be an important factor causing @entity5852 in analyzed couples with aberrations. However, @entity281 and muta- or teratogenic exposure could contribute to loss of pregnancies in some cases. Authors conclude that karyotype analysis should be an integral part of diagnostics in couples with recurrent @entity5852 .

title: [The results of cytogenetic investigations in 107 couples with recurrent spontaneous XXXX from Pomerania-Kujawy region of Poland].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosome aberrations']

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['abortions']