abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between @entity1144 and @entity7244 and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: By cluster sampling, 1405 adult Han @entity1 were selected from the residential communities. Among them, 1035 @entity1 conformed to the inclusion criteria. Medical history was documented and body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were measured. Venous blood samples were collected to detect the serum concentrations of fasting @entity413 , total @entity165 and @entity1674 . Serum @entity842 (NO) level was determined by @entity3409 reduction method. @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) was diagnosed by transcranial Doppler. The SPSS 11.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: MCA @entity850 was found in 66 subjects (6.4%). Univariate analysis showed history of @entity101 , history of @entity741 , systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were the risk factors for @entity2500 and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was a risk factor only in males. Logistic regression demonstrated history of @entity101 was an independent risk factor for @entity2500 both in males and females (P = 0.011, P = 0.009) and WHR for @entity2500 only in males (P = 0.030). Among males and females over 55 years old, the NO levels were higher in @entity1 with a higher WHR and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.042, P = 0.016); however the NO levels for @entity1 with a varying WHR showed statistically insignificant difference among females under 55 years old (P = 0.228). CONCLUSION: @entity101 and @entity1144 are important risk factors for @entity2500 . Endothelial cell dysfunction and an elevated level of oxidative stress may be involved in the atherogenetic mechanism of @entity1144 while @entity172 may play a protective role in it.

title: [Role of XXXX in asymptomatic @entity7244 : a community-based study].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['Middle cerebral artery stenosis', 'MCAS']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: An increasing proportion of @entity1 with @entity135 have no history of smoking. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the clinical outcomes between @entity1 without a history of smoking (never-smokers) and those with a previous history of smoking (ever-smokers) treated by radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1544 without a previous history of smoking were matched to a control ever-smoker with a positive @entity286 history (>10 pack-years) based on age, gender, ethnicity, Karnofsky Performance Status, primary @entity5 site, disease stage, primary treatment, radiation dose, and start date. Outcome was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Normal tissue effects were graded according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for the Treatment of @entity137 criteria. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 33 months, lifelong never-smokers had an increased 3-year overall survival (86% vs. 69%), disease-free survival (82% vs. 65%), and local-regional control (85% vs. 70%) compared with the ever-smoker control population (P < 0.05, for all). These differences remained statistically significant when @entity1 treated by postoperative or definitive radiation therapy were analyzed separately. The incidence of grade 3+ complications was also significantly lower among never-smokers compared with ever-smokers (10% vs. 29%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis differed significantly between never-smokers and ever-smokers with @entity135 treated by radiation therapy. Further studies analyzing the biologic and molecular reasons underlying these differences are planned.

title: XXXX among lifelong never-smokers and ever-smokers: matched-pair analysis of outcomes after radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer radiation toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx or oral cavity']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and neck cancer']


abstract: Epidemiologic studies have shown that trace concentrations of inhalation anaesthetics polluting the air of operating theatres could have deleterious effects on the personnel's health. @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) oxidises @entity2186 and thus decreases DNA production by inactivation of @entity1853 synthase. Therefore, the United States and most European health authorities recommend threshold values to protect against potential health risks. These values range from 25 to 100 ppm, expressed as time-weighted averages (TWA). There is a lack of data concerning measurements of trace concentrations under defined conditions. The aim of this study was to quantify levels of @entity3727 in a recovery room (RR) with an air conditioning system. METHODS. Trace concentrations of @entity3727 were determined in the main RR of the University Hospital of Regensburg (Germany). Measurements were taken for 5 days from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Trace concentrations of @entity3727 were measured directly by means of a highly sensitive photoacoustic infrared spectrometry analyser. The lower detection limit was 0.03 ppm. Samples of room air were taken continuously from six different places in the recovery room, five of which had a distance of 50 cm to the @entity1 ' heads. One point represented the nurses' desk 5 m away from the @entity1 . TWAs were calculated for each day and location. RESULTS. All values were below 5 ppm TWA at each location. Typical TWA (range) values recorded at day 2 were for point 1:3.5 ppm (0.4-8.9), point 2:3.2 (0.5-7.3), point 3:3.0 (0.5-5.4), point 4:3.7 (0.5-21.2), point 5:3.2 (0.6-6.6), and at the nurses' desk 3.3 (0.5-6.3). Peak concentrations of nearly 25 ppm were reached for at least 10 min. Significant differences between the days and locations could not be found (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). CONCLUSION. Exposure to @entity3727 in a climatised RR is determined by several factors: (1) efficacy of air conditioning, with 10.7 changes per hour without recirculation; (2) recovery room size; (3) transport of the @entity1 takes about 15 min, during which some quantities of @entity3727 leave the @entity1 ; and (4) high numbers of @entity1 staying 2 and more hours in the recovery room and exhaling smaller concentrations of @entity3727 into the room air. Because of these factors, all measured values are significantly below the standard international threshold values. Under other conditions of room design, such as ventilation and size, measured values may be higher.

title: [ XXXX exposure to personnel in a recovery room with modern climate control].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['Nitrous oxide']


abstract: CbrB is a global sigma(54)-dependent regulator required for nutrient acquisition in @entity11763 . Located downstream of cbrB on the @entity919 chromosome is pcnB, a putative @entity22460 gene. Presence of a sigma(54) promoter in the intergenic region of cbrB and pcnB led to the hypothesis that CbrB regulates pcnB expression in a sigma(54)-dependent manner. Here we show that transcription of pcnB is CbrB dependent. However, 5'-RACE analysis of the pcnB transcript using primers located in the pcnB coding region shows that transcription starts immediately upstream of the putative ATG site at a sigma(70)-like promoter. Deletion of pcnB caused approximately 80% decrease of ployadenylated 23S rRNA; growth of the pcnB mutant was compromised in a range of laboratory media and on @entity18905 seedlings. Further 5'-RACE analysis confirmed the existence of the predicted sigma(54) promoter. Genetic analysis showed that the sigma(54) promoter drives expression of crcZ, a homologue of the recently described small RNA from @entity796 , in a CbrB-dependent manner. Taken together, our data show that both pcnB and crcZ are part of the CbrB regulon. Moreover, the data draw further attention to the central regulatory role of CbrB and provides a link between mRNA degradation and cellular catabolism.

title: CbrAB-dependent regulation of pcnB, a XXXX gene involved in polyadenylation of RNA in @entity11763 .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity919 :: ('216595', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25']

answer: @entity22460 :: (7818670(Tax:216595),Gene) :: ['poly(A) polymerase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An outbreak of @entity4272 at the start of a @entity14 screening programme utilizing flexible sigmoidoscopy prompted scrutiny of the incidence of this complication and the role of @entity3584 in its aetiology. METHODS: Questionnaires completed 1 day and 3 months after sigmoidoscopy were reviewed for 388 @entity1 , and @entity3584 levels in the recycled rinse water of the endoscope washing machine were measured. The incidence of symptoms in the subsequent 612 @entity1 after installation of a washer that does not recycle rinse water was examined. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (1.3 per cent) presented to hospital with bloody @entity294 occurring immediately after a normal flexible sigmoidoscopy. Repeat examination confirmed the presence of @entity4272 . Symptoms subsided rapidly with either no treatment or @entity134 enemas. Eight additional @entity1 (2.1 per cent) recorded similar problems but received no treatment and the symptoms settled spontaneously. @entity3584 levels rose progressively in the rinse water after each wash cycle with 2 per cent @entity3584 solution. Only one possible case of @entity4272 (0.2 per cent) was identified from the questionnaires completed by 612 @entity1 after changing to a washer that did not recycle the rinse water. CONCLUSION: These observations should prompt the careful assessment of cleaning techniques. The use of washing machines that do not recycle rinse water may avoid this complication.

title: @entity3584 as a possible cause of XXXX after sigmoidoscopy.

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutaraldehyde', 'glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High-grade @entity11 are considered the most @entity1313 and have a poor prognosis. In a previous study, we showed that @entity18281 ( @entity18281 ) regulates @entity11 stem cell properties and @entity5 angiogenesis and gave rise to highly invasive @entity11 xenografts. @entity3 in the surrounding parenchymal tissues is a major hurdle with respect to eliminating @entity11 by surgery. Invasive @entity11 cells are considered one of the main culprits for the recurrence of @entity5 after therapies. In the current study, we focused on determining the molecular mechanism(s) by which @entity18281 regulates @entity11 cell migration and invasion. Forced expression of @entity18281 in @entity1 U87MG @entity11 cells led to @entity3 , as determined by in vivo xenograft assays and enhanced in vitro migration and invasion. @entity18281 was associated with increased levels of cytosolic @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) protein. @entity18281 possibly induced the stabilization and augmented interactions between @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity3547 . We knocked down the expression of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ), which led to a decrease in @entity18281 -driven @entity11 cell migration and invasion. Taken together, our findings indicate that @entity18281 promotes @entity11 cell migration and invasion by increasing the levels of cytosolic @entity993 ( @entity13525 ).

title: XXXX induces @entity3 via cytosolic @entity993 ( @entity13525 ).

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant of brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['glioma invasion', 'Glioma invasion']

answer: @entity18281 :: (4005,Gene) :: ['LIM domain only 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The isolated finding of an unexplained @entity6087 in an @entity1 may suggest non-accidental @entity542 (NAHI). The authors report a previously undescribed cause of multifocal @entity6087 in infancy which could result in a misdiagnosis of previous NAHI. METHODS: Two @entity1 , aged 3 and 4 months of age, presented with progressively increasing head circumference measurements from birth. There was no history of @entity75 . @entity5861 were not present. CT and MRI demonstrated bilateral subdural fluid collections over the frontal regions that were consistent with either chronic subdural haematomas or @entity548 subdural @entity1143 . In view of the possibility of NAHI, @entity1 protection investigations were initiated. FINDINGS: In neither case did the @entity1 protection investigations raise concerns. Comprehensive investigations for known @entity209 associated with subdural haematomas or @entity1143 in @entity1 were all normal. In both cases the @entity1 's mother had a history of Sj  gren's syndrome and both @entity1 had positive anti-Ro antibody at presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Transplacental acquisition of anti-Ro antibodies has been associated with external @entity1276 . External @entity1276 has been recognised as a predisposing factor for subdural @entity548 . These are the first reported cases linking the presence of anti-Ro antibodies and external @entity1276 with subdural fluid collections in infancy.

title: XXXX in infancy associated with transplacental anti-Ro antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['effusions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['haematological and metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['External hydrocephalus and subdural bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: VSL#3 is a high-potency probiotic mixture that has been used successfully in the treatment of @entity5042 . The primary end point of the study was to assess the effects of supplementation with VSL#3 in @entity1 affected by relapsing @entity31 ( @entity31 ) who are already under treatment with @entity2983 ( @entity1281 ) and/or immunosuppressants at stable doses. METHODS: A total of 144 consecutive @entity1 were randomly treated for 8 weeks with VSL#3 at a dose of 3,600 billion CFU/day (71 @entity1 ) or with placebo (73 @entity1 ). RESULTS: In all, 65 @entity1 in the VSL#3 group and 66 @entity1 in the placebo group completed the study. The decrease in @entity31 disease activity index (UCDAI) scores of 50% or more was higher in the VSL#3 group than in the placebo group (63.1 vs. 40.8; per protocol (PP) P=0.010, confidence interval (CI)      (%) 0.51-0.74; intention to treat (ITT) P=0.031, CI      (%) 0.47-0.69). Significant results with VSL#3 were recorded in an improvement of three points or more in the UCDAI score (60.5% vs. 41.4%; PP P=0.017, CI      (%) 0.51-0.74; ITT P=0.046, CI      (%) 0.47-0.69) and in @entity548 (PP P=0.014, CI      (%) 0.46-0.70; ITT P=0.036, CI      (%) 0.41-0.65), whereas stool frequency (PP P=0.202, CI      (%) 0.39-0.63; ITT P=0.229, CI      (%) 0.35-0.57), physician's rate of disease activity (PP P=0.088, CI      (%) 0.34-0.58; ITT P=0.168, CI      (%) 0.31-0.53), and endoscopic scores (PP P=0.086, CI      (%) 0.74-0.92; ITT P=0.366, CI      (%) 0.66-0.86) did not show statistical differences. Remission was higher in the VSL#3 group than in the placebo group (47.7% vs. 32.4%; PP P=0.069, CI      (%) 0.36-0.60; ITT P=0.132, CI      (%) 0.33-0.56). Eight @entity1 on VSL#3 (11.2%) and nine @entity1 on placebo (12.3%) reported mild side effects. CONCLUSIONS: VSL#3 supplementation is safe and able to reduce UCDAI scores in @entity1 affected by relapsing mild-to-moderate @entity31 who are under treatment with @entity3504 and/or immunosuppressants. Moreover, VSL#3 improves @entity548 and seems to reinduce remission in relapsing @entity31 @entity1 after 8 weeks of treatment, although these parameters do not reach statistical significance.

title: Treatment of relapsing mild-to-moderate XXXX with the probiotic VSL#3 as adjunctive to a standard pharmaceutical treatment: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Normal breast ducts contain at least 3 types of epithelial cells: luminal (glandular) cells, basal/myoepithelial cells and stem cells. Myoepithelial and luminal epithelia can be distinguished by their different cytokeratin expression patterns. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of some prognostic biomarkers (ER, PR and @entity1722 ), as well as histological grading and lymph node status in cytokeratin-based groups of @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between expression of basal and luminal markers and hormonal receptors, @entity1722 /neu, age, grade and lymph node status in @entity9962 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded @entity0 specimens (of invasive @entity513 , 'NOS' type) which had already been studied for ER, PR and @entity1722 were selected. Data concerning age, @entity5 grade and lymph node status were also obtained from archives. Expression of basal ( @entity4205 /6) and luminal ( @entity5822 ) cytokeratins was detected by immunohistochemistry. Stained sections were classified according to the intensity of staining and the percentage of stained cells. RESULTS: We categorized the cases into 3 distinct phenotype groups: pure luminal, basal phenotype and null. Pure basal, mixed basal and luminal groups were classified as expressing a basal phenotype. There was a significant difference in the ER and/or PR expression between those 3 groups and a significant association between ER and/or PR negativity and basal phenotype expression. There was no significant difference in @entity1722 /neu expression, age of the @entity1 , @entity5 grade and lymph node status between the 3 cytokeratin-based groups and no significant association between lymph node status and basal phenotype expression. CONCLUSION: We found that to gain a real association between basal phenotype and prognostic markers, we should use a cocktail or a panel of different biomarkers to correctly determine basal-like phenotype of @entity0 . This approach guarantees more concordance with gene expression-based studies.

title: Expression of basal and luminal cytokeratins in XXXX and their correlation with clinicopathological prognostic variables.

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['breast-invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine whether @entity1 with "pure" @entity4282 can now be transferred safely to a neurosurgical unit for decompression or whether general or orthopedic surgeons must still be prepared to perform emergency craniotomies. METHODS: Between 1984 and 1996, 83 @entity1 were surgically treated in our department for pure @entity4282 , i.e., without associated @entity1504 . The @entity1 records were analyzed with respect to @entity1410 thickness, signs of @entity3976 , delays from accident to decompression, results of any surgical attempts in local hospitals before admittance to our department, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The mortality rate was low (1 @entity1 death, 1.2%). Seventy-nine @entity1 (95%) experienced good or moderate outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 4 or 5). Twenty-four @entity1 all experienced good outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 5). The median delay from accident to decompression was 6.5 hours (mean, 7.1 h). When emergency surgery was attempted by general or orthopedic surgeons in local hospitals, the effective decompression was delayed (median, 4 h; mean, 12.5 h), and the final outcomes were considerably worse than for @entity1 who were transferred without such surgical attempts. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with pure @entity4282 have better prognoses than previously assumed. There is usually enough time to safely transfer @entity1 to a neurosurgical unit, provided that transport is rapid and anesthesiological services are available during the transport. Surgeons without training in neurosurgery should not perform emergency craniotomies in local hospitals but, rather, should transfer @entity1 as quickly as possible to the nearest department of neurosurgery.

title: Decompressive surgery for "pure" XXXX : does neurosurgical expertise improve the outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['epidural hematomas']


abstract: @entity55 from bacterial and viral agents is the fourth leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 over age 65, accounting for 169.7 deaths per 100,000 @entity1 per year. This high incidence of @entity281 is the result of aging itself as well as age-related coexisting illnesses and their therapies. These factors combine to affect upper and lower respiratory tract host defenses adversely against invading pathogens. Gram-negative colonization of the oropharynx, followed by the spread of bacteria to the tracheobronchial tree, commonly precedes the development of @entity55 . Bacterial adherence is one important and modifiable pathogenetic factor that leads to colonization at both of these sites. Diagnosis of @entity55 in the elderly is often thwarted by difficulties in recognizing @entity281 , as signs and symptoms differ from those observed in younger @entity1 . Therapy is confounded by the frequent inability to obtain adequate culture material to establish a likely pathogen and by altered drug metabolism. In this instance epidemiologic data may be helpful in guiding therapy. @entity328 is the most common pathogen in community @entity1 , followed by @entity2114 and enteric gram-negative bacilli. Hospitalized and institutionalized individuals are commonly infected with @entity3274 and other enteric gram-negative bacilli, and @entity2114 and @entity328 are also found. Because recognition of @entity55 may be difficult and therapy is fraught with problems, mortality is high in the elderly. Accordingly, serious attention must be paid to prevention. Prophylaxis includes the use of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines as well as careful attention to the @entity1 's host defense status. Disease states leading to impairment of the immune system should be sought, and efforts should be made to improve host factors that assist the individual in removing invading pathogens.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella pneumophila']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pneumonia']


abstract: AIM: The pseudo- @entity8990 has been associated with a variety of primary @entity74 , @entity281 and drugs. Recently, the development of dysgranulopoiesis characterised by a pseudo-PH @entity154 has been reported in two @entity1 with the use of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) in the setting of heart and/or lung transplantation. We present a further five cases of @entity2098 -related dysgranulopoiesis characterised by a pseudo-PH @entity154 occurring after renal transplantation. METHODS: All @entity1 were receiving standard immunosuppression protocols for renal transplantation, including a combination of @entity2098 , @entity230 and either @entity205 or @entity1140 . Oral @entity4540 was also used for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in each case. RESULTS: Development of @entity6349 occurred a median of 96 days (range 66-196 days) after transplantation. Moderate or severe neutropaenia (<1.0 x 10(9)/l) developed in three cases, and appeared to be directly correlated with the percentage of circulating neutrophils present with @entity6349 morphology. Resolution of dysgranulopoiesis occurred in all cases only after dose reduction and/ or cessation of both @entity2098 and @entity4540 . CONCLUSIONS: In our series, the observed @entity6349 appeared related to the combination of @entity2098 and @entity4540 , rather than @entity2098 alone. Further study is required to determine the exact incidence and pathogenesis of this pattern of @entity236 .

title: Neutrophil dysplasia characterised by a @entity8990 occurring with the use of @entity618 and XXXX following renal transplantation: a report of five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8990 :: ('MESH:D010381', 'Disease') :: ['Pelger-Huet (PH) anomaly']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic granulopoiesis', 'dysplastic']

answer: @entity4540 :: (MESH:D015774,Chemical) :: ['ganciclovir']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) can be generated in experimental shock states through several different mechanisms. We measured ROS production in metabolically active liver mitochondria from @entity35 rendered septic by cecal ligation and puncture. By polarography, the State 4 and State 3 respiration rates of liver mitochondria isolated from septic animals were no different from control organelles. During oxidation of succinate, however, nonenzymatic hydroxylation of @entity3785 to @entity3786 by mitochondria from septic @entity35 was increased, indicating generation of @entity3787 radical ( @entity2145 .). Inhibition of electron transport at Complex I with @entity3788 had no effect on this pattern of @entity2145 production, but @entity3788 and @entity3789 abolished the differences in @entity2145 . formation between control and septic liver mitochondria. Measurements of @entity274 release suggested that septic mitochondria will increase rates of @entity274 production in the presence of succinate. Additional investigations revealed no difference in the release of @entity68 between septic and control mitochondria. When referenced to respiration rate, both @entity2145 . and @entity274 production were greater in septic liver mitochondria. The reproducible effect of @entity295 on generation of reactive @entity26 species by liver mitochondria utilizing FAD-linked but not @entity2125 -linked substrates suggests that enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in @entity295 is related to alterations in the activity of Complex II of the electron transport chain.

title: Reactive @entity26 species produced by liver mitochondria of XXXX in @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity3786 :: ('MESH:C009135|MESH:C492493', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4512 Background: @entity1486 (PSA) testing remains controversial due to high number of @entity1 need to be screened to prevent one @entity204 . Current screening recommendations are based on few data. We analyzed PSA in archived blood plasma collected in 1974-92 as part of the Malm   Preventive Project. This is a large, representative cohort of Swedish @entity1 not subject to screening, chiefly accruing at age 44-50 (i.e. shortly before PSA is recommended to begin in US) and followed for up to 30 years. The study is a unique "natural experiment" to understand the association between early PSA and long-term risk of @entity263 morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We conducted a case control study nested within a cohort of 12090 @entity1 providing blood in 1974-86 and 4999 providing a repeat sample 6 years later and an independent cohort of 1,167 @entity1 with blood provided at age 60. 252 @entity1 with carefully ascertained evidence of @entity263 @entity3 or @entity204 were matched 3:1 with controls. Anti-coagulated plasma was analyzed using methods shown to give highly accurate PSA values. RESULTS: PSA was strongly associated with risk of @entity263 @entity204 or @entity3 up to 30 years later (AUC 0.70, 0.76 and 0.90 at age 44-50, 51-55 and 60 respectively, p<0.005). At age 44-50, 44% of @entity5 @entity204 occurred in @entity1 with PSA >1.6 ng/ml (top 10%) at a median follow up of 27 years. PSA at median at age 44-50 did not rule out risk of @entity3 or @entity204 but did so in older @entity1 : 28%, 18% and 0.5% of @entity3 occurred in @entity1 with PSA at median (<0.7, <0.8 and <1.1 ng/ml at age 44-50, 51-55 and, 60 respectively). The risk of @entity263 @entity3 by 15 years for @entity1 with PSA at median was never greater than 0.3% at any age. CONCLUSIONS: PSA is highly predictive of long-term risk of @entity263 morbidity and mortality. Close to half of all @entity204 could be prevented by intense surveillance of a small proportion of @entity1 with the highest PSA levels at age 44-50. For @entity1 with lower PSA, testing at age 51-55 and age 60 is sufficient to capture risk of @entity263 @entity3 or @entity204 10+ years in advance. This strategy would allow 50% of @entity1 to have only three lifetime PSA tests.

title: Toward a rational strategy for @entity263 screening based on long-term risk of @entity263 XXXX and @entity204 : Data from a large, unscreened, population-based cohort followed for up to 30 years.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Respiratory @entity1800 have been implicated in exacerbations of @entity56 , characterized by a @entity61 -biased immune response. Respiratory viruses target airway epithelial cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Their activation is, at least in part, mediated by the @entity15905 -dependent recognition of virus-derived dsRNA. To elucidate the role of epithelial cells and DCs and the implication of @entity15905 /Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta ( @entity7485 ) pathway, we developed a @entity19 model of @entity56 . The effect of intranasal administration of dsRNA in OVA-sensitized wild-type @entity19 and @entity7485 (-/-) @entity19 was evaluated on airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity55 . Our data demonstrated that treatment with dsRNA significantly increased the airway hyperresponsiveness, the @entity55 , and the OVA-specific @entity61 response. This was associated with an infiltrate of eosinophils, myeloid DCs, and T lymphocytes. @entity7485 activation was required for the development of dsRNA-induced exacerbation of the @entity56 . Intratracheal transfer of @entity58 /dsRNA/OVA-pretreated DCs also triggered exacerbation of the @entity56 , whereas cells primed with dsRNA/OVA had a more limited effect. dsRNA-induced production of @entity13948 by airway epithelium was associated with DC recruitment. In vivo and in vitro treatment with dsRNA amplified airway epithelial production of the pro- @entity61 chemokines @entity639 and @entity15064 , their secretion being enhanced by @entity61 cytokines. In conclusion, dsRNA derived from respiratory viruses trigger exacerbation of the @entity56 through @entity15905 / @entity7485 -dependent pathway. Moreover, @entity61 cytokines participate in this process by modulating the response of airway epithelium and DCs to dsRNA.

title: Double-stranded RNA exacerbates @entity56 through XXXX : implication of airway epithelium and dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation', 'pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'pulmonary allergic reaction', 'allergic reaction', 'lung allergic exacerbation']

answer: @entity15905 :: (142980(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary goal of this study was to compare the size and depth of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and the subclavian vein ( @entity6723 ) in @entity1 under general anaesthesia. A secondary goal was to determine the correlation of weight, height, head circumference, and age to the size and depth of these veins. METHODS: Sixty small @entity1 weighing from 1.4 to 4.5 kg were included. Using ultrasound, the diameters via @entity851 ( @entity851 ) and long-axis (LAX) views, cross-sectional area (CSA), and depth of the left and right IJV and @entity6723 were measured. RESULTS: The diameter of the IJV was 7.9% larger on average than that of the @entity6723 as measured via the @entity851 and LAX views (mean: 3.1 vs 2.9 mm; Wilcoxon's signed-rank test: P<0.01). The CSA of the IJV was 27% larger on average than that of the @entity6723 (mean: 10.2 vs 8.0 mm(2); Wilcoxon's signed-rank test: P<0.01). Seventy-five per cent of the neonates showed a larger CSA of the IJV. The @entity6723 was 8.4% deeper on average from the skin surface than the IJV (mean: 6.4 vs 5.9 mm; Wilcoxon's signed-rank test: P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between weight, height, head circumference, and age to the size and depth of the veins (Spearman's rank correlation: P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Because of its most likely larger size, the IJV can be recommended as the better choice for cannulation in comparison with the @entity6723 . However, other factors should also be considered.

title: Size of internal jugular vs subclavian vein in small XXXX : an observational, anatomical evaluation with ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['SAX', 'short-axis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity375 @entity7427 has a phosphodiesterase (PDE) deficiency that results in @entity1457 sensitivity due to the intracellular accumulation of @entity268 . This strain also carries the cam mutation, which confers permeability to @entity268 and, as shown here, to other compounds. Expression of @entity35 type IV PDE in these cells caused them to revert to @entity1457 resistance. Treatment of the transformed @entity7427 cells with @entity7428 , an antidepressant in @entity1 and a potent inhibitor of type IV PDEs, reinstated sensitivity to heat shock. The biochemical properties of deletion mutants of this PDE were determined, and an active enzyme of minimum length was created. Reversion to @entity1457 resistance was then used to select for PDE mutants refractory to the inhibitory effects of rolipram. Four mutants (A1, A2, A3, and A5) were isolated. Each carries a single point mutation; two have mutations in the same codon. Each mutant showed distinct properties, based on analysis of their substrate kinetics and IC50 values for a variety of inhibitors. Mutant A5 had a reduced activity for substrate, mutants A1 and A3 showed no change in substrate kinetics, and mutant A2 displayed an increase in activity. For most mutants, the drug resistance was confined to the class of drug used in the selection. This study shows that it is possible to recreate in @entity375 cells the susceptibility of @entity1 enzymes to pharmacological agents. Our study also demonstrates that such systems can be used to select rare mutants useful in the analysis of drug-protein interactions.

title: Use of a @entity375 expression system for the isolation and analysis of drug-resistant mutants of a XXXX phosphodiesterase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['rolipram']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain', 'yeast']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity1 aged <5 years or with certain chronic medical conditions are at increased risk for complications and @entity204 from @entity683 . Because of this increased risk, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has prioritized @entity683 prevention and treatment for @entity1 aged <5 years and for those with certain chronic medical and immunosuppressive conditions. CDC monitors @entity1 @entity683 @entity204 through its @entity683 -associated pediatric mortality reporting system. As of August 8, 2009, CDC had received reports of 477 @entity204 associated with 2009 pandemic @entity683 (H1N1) in the United States, including 36 @entity204 among @entity1 aged <18 years. To characterize these cases, CDC analyzed data from April to August 2009. The results of that analysis indicated that, of 36 @entity1 who died, seven (19%) were aged <5 years, and 24 (67%) had one or more of the high-risk medical conditions. Twenty-two (92%) of the 24 @entity1 with high-risk medical conditions had neurodevelopmental conditions. Among 23 @entity1 with culture or pathology results reported, laboratory-confirmed @entity2348 were identified in 10 (43%), including all six @entity1 who 1) were aged >or=5 years, 2) had no recognized high-risk condition, and 3) had culture or pathology results reported. Early diagnosis of @entity683 can enable prompt initiation of antiviral therapy for @entity1 who are at greater risk or severely ill. Clinicians also should be aware of the potential for severe @entity2348 among @entity1 diagnosed with @entity683 and treat accordingly. All @entity1 aged >or=6 months and caregivers of @entity1 aged <6 months should receive @entity683 (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine when available.

title: Surveillance for pediatric XXXX associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection - United States, April-August 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial coinfections']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: Detergents are frequently used for protein isolation and solubilization. Their presence is crucial in membrane protein protocols or in lipid raft proteomics. However, they are usually poorly compatible with mass spectrometry. Several different sample preparation protocols are routinely used, but they are either laborious or suffer from sample losses. Here, we describe our alternative method for nonionic detergent removal. It is based on selective detergent extraction after capture of the sample on a reversed phase cartridge. The extraction is performed by chlorinated solvents and works well for @entity968 based nonionic detergents, but also for polymers like @entity691 and @entity2771 . Detergent removal can be also carried out on the protein level but a special care must be taken with hydrophobic proteins. In such cases, it is preferable to perform detergent removal after proteolysis which digests the protein to peptides and reduces the hydrophobicity. The method can easily be automated and is compatible with @entity3884 / @entity6189 exchange coupled to mass spectrometry.

title: Effective removal of nonionic detergents in protein mass spectrometry, XXXX / @entity6189 exchange, and proteomics.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyoxyethylene']

answer: @entity3884 :: (MESH:D006859,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Oesophageal varices and @entity2312 are naturally-formed, pathological portosystemic shunts that occur in @entity1 with portal @entity101 . Gastric varices are responsible for about 10% of variceal @entity548 ; however, they are also the cause of massive @entity548 , often with dramatic progress. AIM: To assess the results of endoscopic treatment of @entity360 from oesophageal and @entity2312 using tissue glue @entity7548 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2013 to May 2015 170 @entity1 underwent a total of 244 obliterations with the administration of tissue glue due to @entity6312 . We analysed 35 @entity1 who received urgent endoscopic intervention due to life-threatening @entity2312 . RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 underwent 47 endoscopic procedures of @entity548 management. Immediate haemostasis was achieved in 32 (91.4%) @entity1 . In 3 (8.6%) cases endoscopy failed. In 2 @entity1 a Linton tube was applied before secondary endoscopy. A single trans jugular portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was performed. Permanent haemostasis during the first endoscopy was achieved in 26 (74%) @entity1 . Six (17%) @entity1 presented recurrent @entity548 1-4 days following the initial treatment. Three @entity1 had a @entity432 performed. One of the embolised @entity1 required surgery, and a splenectomy was carried out. CONCLUSIONS: If this kind of therapy is unavailable at the time, it is advised that one of the conventional methods of controlling @entity548 is used, introducing basic life support and transporting the @entity1 to a specialist centre with adequate endoscopic facilities, radiological possibilities of endovascular intervention, and surgical treatment of liver transplantation.

title: Endoscopic treatment of XXXX with the use of @entity7548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal varices']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['Histoacryl']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices', 'gastric variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity2312 :: (MESH:D004932,Disease) :: ['gastric varices bleeding']


abstract: Pediatric @entity1 with @entity879 ( @entity879 ) tend to be the sickest and have the most urgent need for a liver transplant. The purpose of this analysis was to identify factors associated with posttransplant survival in this subset of @entity1 . Data on all @entity879 @entity1 registered in the Studies of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) registry from 1995 to 2002 were analyzed. Demographics such as age, gender, race, weight, and etiology of @entity409 were recorded. Pretransplant degree of @entity75 ; intubation; dialysis; laboratory parameters such as serum @entity648 and international normalized ratio of @entity1003 (INR); and type of graft: cadaveric whole, cadaveric technical variant, or living donor were analyzed to determine effects on @entity1 survival. Overall, @entity879 accounted for 12.9% (141 / 1,092) of primary transplants performed between 1995 and 2002. The etiology of @entity409 was unknown in the vast majority of @entity1 (126 / 141; 89.4%). Mortality while on the waiting list for @entity879 @entity1 is significantly higher than for @entity1 with other @entity409 (P < .0001). Six-month survival posttransplant for @entity1 with @entity879 (74.5%) is significantly lower (P < .0001) than those with @entity409 (88.9%). A multivariate model demonstrates that the highest risk group includes those @entity1 with grade 4 @entity75 (P < .0001), @entity1 less than 1 year of age (P = .018), and @entity1 requiring dialysis prior to transplantation (P = .002). Pretransplant @entity648 and INR were not significant predictors of posttransplant survival after controlling for the other significant factors. Living donor and split / reduced grafts did not have a significantly increased risk of posttransplant death compared to whole grafts. In conclusion, despite advances in the surgical techniques and changes in organ allocation, pediatric @entity1 with @entity879 continue to have a high pretransplant mortality and less successful posttransplant survival compared to @entity1 with @entity409 .

title: Posttransplant survival in pediatric XXXX : the SPLIT experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure', 'FHF']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rodent models of @entity571 and @entity309 are useful tools to study these disease processes. @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) is a model of @entity625 widely used for preclinical testing of antiarthritis substances. We report the effect of two different doses of highly purified chondroitin sulfate (CS) pharmaceutical grade in the @entity1753 animal model after oral administration. DESIGN: @entity1753 was induced by a single intradermal injection of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium butyricum in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The experiments included healthy animals, untreated arthritic animals, arthritic animals having been administered 300 or 900  mg/kg of CS daily, 14  days before @entity1753 induction until the end of the experiment (day 28), arthritic animals having been administered 300 or 900  mg/kg of CS daily, from day 1 until the end of the experiment. RESULTS: CS was capable of significantly reducing the severity of @entity625 along with oxidative stress, a consequence of chronic inflammatory processes occurring in @entity1753 . The CS pre-treatment regimen was effective throughout the whole subacute phase, while treatment from day 1 proved effective only in the chronic period. The effects were confirmed by improved total antioxidant status and y-glutamyltransferase activity. CS administered under a pre-treatment regimen was also able to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein in plasma, phagocytic activity and the intracellular oxidative burst of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS: CS proved to be effective in slowing down @entity1753 development and in reducing disease markers, thus supporting its beneficial activity as a drug in @entity1 .

title: Chondroitin sulfate effect on induced XXXX in rats.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['Adjuvant arthritis', 'AAR']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: This study provides a comparative characterization of four @entity1 oro-facial muscles, one masticatory muscle (the masseter) and two limb muscles, with respect to muscle fibre types, @entity3999 isoforms and capillary supply. Enzyme-histochemical methods were used to evaluate the myofibrillar @entity4430 fibre type composition. Immuno-histochemical techniques were used to determine the expression of @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) isoforms in the different fibre types. The contents of MHCs and @entity3999 light chains (MLC) in different muscles were analysed with electrophoretic methods. In addition, the capillary bed of the muscles was evaluated using both enzyme- and immuno-histochemical techniques. The fibre type compositions of the oro-facial and masseter muscles were found to be qualitatively and quantitatively different from each other and from those of limb muscles. In general, the oro-facial muscles contained a predominance of unusually high oxidative type II fibres, with a staining reaction for @entity4430 in between that of type IIA and type IIB fibres, termed type IIAB. In fact, one of the oro-facial muscles, the zygomatic minor, showed the highest type II fibre proportion ever reported in @entity1 . This fibre type pattern is in contrast to that of the masseter muscle, which contains a majority of type I fibres, small diameter low oxidative type IIB fibres and a significant proportion of @entity4430 -intermediately stained fibres, termed IM, and IIC. Inter- and intra-muscular variability in fibre size and shape was considerable in both the oro-facial and masseter muscles. The oro-facial muscles were devoid of muscle spindles. The immuno-histochemical and biochemical analyses showed a characteristic @entity3999 composition of each muscle. Notably, the results indicated the presence of a previously undetected fast @entity3998 isoform in the oro-facial muscles, tentatively termed "fast F". The masseter contained unusual @entity3999 isoforms, such as fetal and alpha-cardiac MHCs, and unique combinations of @entity3998 isoforms which were not found in the limb or oro-facial muscles. The type IM and IIC fibres co-expressed slow and fast A MHCs in the oro-facial and limb muscles, but slow and a "fast B like" @entity3998 in the masseter. Individual fibres in the oro-facial and limb muscles contained one or two @entity3998 isoforms, whereas individual fibres in the masseter co-expressed up to four different @entity3998 isoforms. On the basis of their pattern of expression of @entity3998 isoforms, up to five fibre types could be distinguished in the oro-facial and limb muscles and eight in the masseter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Characterization of XXXX oro-facial and masticatory muscles with respect to fibre types, myosins and capillaries. Morphological, enzyme-histochemical, immuno-histochemical and biochemical investigations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3998 :: ('3133', 'Gene') :: ['myosin heavy chain', 'MHC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A @entity224 -forming oxidase from activated @entity1 neutrophil membranes was solubilized by two slightly different methods, then purified by "dye-affinity" chromatography. Kinetic studies of the purified preparations gave Vmax values of 5-10 mumol of @entity17039 /min/mg of protein, and Km values for @entity2125 and @entity1110 that were in reasonable agreement with values determined previously using particulate and crude solubilized preparations of the respiratory burst oxidase. Sodium dodecyl @entity597 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis showed prominent bands at 67, 48, and 32 kDa, together with some minor contaminants, whereas gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions gave a single major band that when eluted and re-electrophoresed in the presence of @entity3208 showed bands at 67, 48, 32 kDa. We believe that all three bands represent oxidase components. The @entity1785 content of the purified enzyme was 20.4 +/- 2.0 S.E. pmol of FAD/microgram of protein, whereas @entity1446 averaged 0.1 +/- 0.02 pmol/microgram and @entity12931 could not be detected. Assuming that the enzyme is composed of one 67-kDa subunit, one 48-kDa subunit, and one 32-kDa subunit (i.e. that its molecular mass is approximately 150 kDa), it can be calculated to have a turnover number of 700-1500 @entity1009 , in agreement with a value reported previously for oxidase in a particulate @entity17039 -forming system (Cross, A. R., Parkinson, J. F., and Jones, O. T. G. (1985) Biochem. J. 226, 881-884), and to contain the following quantities of redox carriers (mol/mol): @entity10697 , 3.0; @entity1446 , 0.015; @entity12931 , less than 0.06. It remains to be determined whether this preparation represents the complete respiratory burst oxidase or is only the @entity10402 dehydrogenating component of a more complex enzyme.

title: The respiratory burst oxidase of XXXX neutrophils. Further studies of the purified enzyme.

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity10402 :: ('CHEBI:36980', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Community-acquired @entity55 is one of the most common infectious conditions that require hospitalization. When intravenous treatment is indicated, cefonicid is usually the drug of choice. The aim of this study was to find out if @entity2755 , which is superior to the standard drugs from a financial point of view, could serve as an equally efficient treatment, especially in the elderly. The outcomes of 3 @entity55 @entity1 groups who were either treated with cefonicid, @entity2755 or @entity114 -G (n = 59, 17, 24, respectively) were retrospectively compared. Data about demographic characteristics of the @entity1 , clinical outcomes, rehospitalization rates, duration of improvement/treatment/ hospitalization and clinical laboratory tests were obtained from each @entity1 's medical records. Only minor differences (even though occasionally significant) were found with respect to rehospitalization and improvement rates, duration of hospitalization, treatment and improvement, @entity204 rates and clinical laboratory tests. However, @entity2755 @entity1 were found to be significantly older than cefonicid @entity1 . Moreover, no bone-marrow suppression was associated with @entity2755 treatment. @entity5953 drugs tested seem to have the same efficacy. We conclude that since @entity2755 is as safe as, and much cheaper than cefonicid, this antibiotic agent is not inferior to the others, its usage in older @entity1 with @entity55 should be considered.

title: Comparative clinical study of cefonicid, @entity2755 , and @entity114 in community-acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: The occurrence of cell-infiltrated intimal lesions at the confluence of many small tributaries with @entity235 jugular and femoral veins suggested that these areas (confluences) might 1) differ structurally from the rest of the receiving vein and 2) serve as initiation sites for thrombi. To explore these possibilities, the number of tributaries was determined by careful blunt dissection, and the architecture of confluences was studied by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In addition to confluences formed by a named tributary (omobrachial), @entity235 jugular veins averaged 11 confluences formed with small (0.2 to 2.5 mm diameter) unnamed tributaries that had not been previously described. Femoral veins averaged eight confluences of which four were formed with small unnamed tributaries. Double-leafed valves were found at 90% of jugular and 76% of femoral vein confluences. Previously such valves were described only at the confluence of superficial with deep leg veins. Corrosion casts of iliac, saphenous, azygous, costocervical, and maxillary veins as well as cranial and caudal vena cava demonstrated a similar pattern of tributaries and valves. The three structures (receiving vein, tributary, valves) that formed the confluence differed, necessitating considerable modification as they approached the area of fusion. Jugular and femoral vein walls contained 5 to 10 layers of smooth muscle, abundant collagen, and a small amount of @entity17157 . Tributary walls contained 0 to 2 discontinuous smooth muscle cell layers, limited collagen, and no @entity17157 . As receiving veins approached a confluence, the thickness decreased by 15 to 77% except at valve attachment sites, which were thickened. A cluster of smooth muscle cells formed the junction of valve leaflets with vein. Endothelium was continuous over the luminal surface of all three structures. Calculations showed that these small-valved tributaries make only a small contribution to venous return. On the other hand, there is considerable information to support the concept that local attenuation of the vein wall would lead to localized vessel dilation, resulting in @entity397 of the endothelium and basement membrane.

title: Architecture and structure of XXXX veins with special reference to confluences.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1744 is a functional @entity344 , frequently managed by general practitioners and gastroenterologists. It is a complex condition, characterized by @entity490 or discomfort associated with altered bowel habits, and it affects 11% of the population worldwide. It has a profound effect on quality of life for many @entity1 and poses a substantial cost to society. Due to the complexity and diversity of @entity5377 , diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. Common drawbacks in diagnosing and treating this disorder include unnecessary tests, failure to establish trust in the physician- @entity1 relationship and difficulties in explaining the diagnosis. Research in recent years has however refined the diagnostic criteria and improved our ability to safely identify @entity5377 with a limited number of investigations. A concise diagnostic evaluation, guided adequate information, prompt initiation of symptom-guided treatment and consistency in the @entity1 -doctor relationship can help relieve the suffering experienced by @entity1 with @entity5377 . For @entity1 with mild symptoms, reassurance, education, lifestyle changes and dietary advice are often sufficient. @entity1 with moderate to severe symptoms might need symptom modifying drugs, and psychological treatments such as CBT or hypnotherapy may be offered at this stage. For @entity1 with severe and incapacitating symptoms, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended and psychotropic drugs are often used. This clinical review offers suggestions for a diagnostic approach as well as a treatment strategy, based on the current evidence on pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment in @entity5377 .

title: Practical management of XXXX : a clinical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: @entity2613 is prevalent in hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 , and closely related to poor sleep and @entity308 . Efficacy of treating @entity2613 either with @entity7855 or @entity6697 has been shown to be @entity308 in non-HD @entity1 . It is yet to be shown whether treatment of @entity2613 with a @entity7856 inhibitor would improve poor sleep in HD @entity1 . We aimed to compare the effects of @entity7855 and @entity6697 on @entity25 and @entity308 in HD @entity1 with @entity2613 . A total of 32 maintenance HD @entity1 with @entity2613 randomized into two groups to receive either @entity7855 or @entity6697 for 4 weeks. After a 2-week washout and a crossover, each group received the other drug for another 4-week period. Sleep quality and @entity308 were evaluated via post-sleep inventory (PSI) and Beck's @entity308 inventory (BDI), respectively, at baseline and at the end of the treatment. @entity7855 and @entity6697 both improved PSI and BDI scores significantly compared with pretreatment values. However, there was no difference between @entity7855 and @entity6697 with respect to these parameters. @entity7856 inhibitors, @entity7855 and @entity6697 , caused a significant improvement in @entity25 and @entity308 in this cohort of HD @entity1 with @entity2613 .

title: Effects of @entity7855 and XXXX treatments on @entity25 and @entity308 in hemodialysis @entity1 with erectile dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'beneficial in ameliorating concomitant depression']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity6697 :: ('MESH:C426063', 'Chemical') :: ['vardenafil']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity6697 :: (MESH:C426063,Chemical) :: ['vardenafil']


abstract: A significant feature of @entity683 pandemics is multiple waves of morbidity and mortality over a few months or years. The size of these successive waves depends on intervention strategies including antivirals and vaccination, as well as the effects of immunity gained from @entity281 . However, the global vaccine manufacturing capacity is limited. Also, antiviral stockpiles are costly and thus, are limited to very few countries. The combined effect of antivirals and vaccination in successive waves of a pandemic has not been quantified. The effect of acquired immunity from vaccination and @entity281 has also not been characterized. In times of a pandemic threat countries must consider the effects of a limited vaccine, limited antiviral use and the effects of prior immunity so as to adopt a pandemic strategy that will best aid the population. We developed a mathematical model describing the first and second waves of an @entity683 pandemic including drug therapy, vaccination and acquired immunity. The first wave model includes the use of antiviral drugs under different treatment profiles. In the second wave model the effects of antivirals, vaccination and immunity gained from the first wave are considered. The models are used to characterize the severity of @entity281 in a population under different drug therapy and vaccination strategies, as well as school closure, so that public health policies regarding future @entity683 pandemics are better informed.

title: XXXX pandemic waves under various mitigation strategies with 2009 H1N1 as a case study.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['previous infection', 'infection']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['Influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal vein ligation (PVL) and portal vein embolization (PVE) are used to induce @entity1184 of the future remnant liver before major liver resection. The aim of our study was to compare the @entity1184 response of the liver after PVL versus PVE in a @entity95 model. METHODS: Twenty @entity95 were divided into an embolization group (n = 10) and a ligation group (n = 10). Both groups were divided in 2 subgroups of 5 @entity95 that were humanely killed after days 7 and 14. The portal vein branches to the 3 cranial liver lobes (80% of the liver) were occluded. Regeneration of the caudal liver lobe was measured using volumetry based on computed tomography on days 3, 7, 10, and 14. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and RAM11 was performed to quantify proliferating cells and macrophages. In addition, tissue @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and @entity21884 were assessed. RESULTS: The caudal liver volume increased over time in both groups (P < .001), but this increase was greater after PVE than after PVL (P = .001) with a mean degree of @entity1184 of 15%    4% and 20%    2%, respectively. When comparing the groups on the separate time points, a difference was found on days 10 and 14 (P = .008 and P = .016, respectively). These data were confirmed by Ki-67 staining, which showed a greater number of proliferating hepatocytes on day 7 after embolization (P = .016). Cytokine analysis of liver tissue did not show significant differences between the ligation and embolization groups on days 7 and 14. CONCLUSION: PVE is superior to PVL in terms of the extent of the @entity1184 response in this @entity95 model.

title: Portal vein embolization induces more liver regeneration than portal vein ligation in a standardized XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pediatric @entity1 are at a risk of @entity1764 , a life-threatening complication of median sternotomy, following cardiac surgery for congenital conditions. Our experience with rigid internal sternal fixation in pediatric @entity1 with postmedian sternotomy @entity1764 is presented. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective chart review was performed of @entity1 <18 years of age diagnosed with postoperative @entity1764 between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2009. Charts were reviewed for demographic data, cardiac history, causative microorganism, and infectious risk factors. The methods of surgical intervention including flap coverage and use and type of sternal plating (resorbable and/or @entity702 ) were also recorded. The primary end point of interest was overall survival. RESULTS: Twenty-five pediatric @entity1 were diagnosed with postoperative @entity1764 . Rigid fixation of the sternum following debridement was performed in 20 @entity1 (age range: 1 month-18 years), all of whom successfully tolerated the procedure. Resorbable plates were used in 13 @entity1 . Five @entity1 did not undergo rigid fixation due to either serious ill-health or lack of adequate sternal bone stock. No @entity1 experienced recurrent sternal wound infection. A total of 20 @entity1 (80%) survived to discharge. Three @entity1 succumbed to their @entity299 prior to rigid fixation, one died following sternal closure from unrelated causes, and one @entity1 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Post-sternotomy @entity1764 in pediatric @entity1 may be addressed using wide debridement, rigid sternal fixation, and flap coverage. In our series of 25 @entity1 with pediatric @entity1764 , none died from @entity1764 . Placement of hardware did not adversely affect @entity1 survival. This study demonstrates the feasibility of rigid sternal fixation.

title: Rigid sternal fixation in the management of pediatric postmedian sternotomy XXXX : A 20-year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart condition']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['mediastinitis']


abstract: @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ) care for demented elderly is an established model of care in Sweden. This study analyzes the outcome of care in terms of time of @entity1585 care, survival and care load for demented @entity1 when extended home care no longer is considered sufficient. Twenty-eight @entity1 , mean age 83 years, suffering from @entity303 of @entity1294 and previously institutionalized, were relocated from long-term care wards into @entity1585 units. These @entity1 were compared to a matched sample of @entity1 remaining in traditional institutional (TI) care. No difference in survival was observed between the two groups after three years, nor between length of stay in @entity1585 for the different diagnostic groups. However, in @entity1 in @entity1585 , symptoms of @entity303 and functional decline were less prominent than in TI. This was most marked after six months when some improvements in the @entity1585 group were registered. The more positive outcome in @entity1585 @entity1 abates with time due to the natural course of the diseases. After three years, the two @entity1 groups showed a similar @entity7944 with a tendency toward less care load in the @entity1585 group. Offering @entity1585 care as an alternative to TI might raise the quality of life in the demented elderly for a period of 2-2.5 years.

title: An attempt to determine the impact of group living care in comparison to traditional long-term care on demented elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type or vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['pattern of global deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['GL', 'Group living']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To assess the natural history and impact of the secondary bone disease observed in @entity1 with @entity4085 and III. METHODS: Affected @entity1 and adults were ascertained from clinical genetics units around Australia and New Zealand. Diagnoses were confirmed by the National Referral Laboratory in Adelaide. The study encompassed all @entity1 ascertained between 1975 and 2005. Data focussing on biochemical parameters at diagnosis, and longitudinal radiographic findings were sought for each @entity1 . Where feasible, @entity1 underwent clinical review and examination. Examinations included skeletal survey, bone densitometry, and measurement of serum and urine markers of bone metabolism. In a subset of @entity1 , functional assessment using the Pediatric Evaluation and Disability Inventory (PEDI) and molecular analysis of @entity24275 were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity4085 were ascertained over a 30-year period. Morbidity and functional outcomes on living @entity1 were described. Serum @entity460 and @entity1391 were normal. All, but one @entity1 , had normal alkaline phosphatase. Serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline/ @entity1011 were elevated. Two radiological patterns were observed (i) transient @entity24276 in @entity1 with @entity4085 in @entity1 with @entity4085 intermediate and @entity4085 . Molecular analyses of @entity24275 in nine subjects are reported. CONCLUSION: @entity4085 is characterised by a progressive @entity79 which we describe as the ' @entity14573 of @entity4085 '. The clinical and radiographic features of this @entity14573 are consistent with a syndrome of 'pseudohyperparathyroidism'. Much of the progressive skeletal and joint pathology is attributable to this @entity79 .

title: The natural history and @entity14573 of XXXX and III.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['ML II and (ii) progressive osteodystrophy', 'mucolipidosis', 'mucolipidosis (ML) II', 'ML III', 'ML']

entities_list: @entity14573 :: ('MESH:D012080', 'Disease') :: ['osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and mineral disorder', 'bone disorder']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity24276 :: ('MESH:C563375', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity4085 :: (MESH:D009081,Disease) :: ['mucolipidosis types II']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this analysis was to describe in real-life settings the clinical outcomes and safety associated with @entity13757 treatment in a cohort of @entity1 with complicated skin and soft tissues infection (cSSTI). METHODS: All @entity1 with cSSTI who had received at least one dose of @entity13757 between January 2006 and April 2012 were identified from a non-interventional, multicenter, retrospective registry (European Cubicin(  ) Outcome Registry and Experience; EU-CORE(SM)). RESULTS: Of the 6075 @entity1 included in the EU-CORE registry, 1927 (31.7%) were diagnosed with cSSTI (male, 63.8%; median age, 63  years). The most frequent underlying diseases were @entity65 (58.1%) and @entity6 (40.7%). The most frequent cSSTIs included surgical site @entity281 (34.9%), wound @entity281 (20.2%) and @entity6 (19.9%). The most frequently prescribed doses of @entity13757 were 4  mg/kg/day (38.9%) and 6  mg/kg/day (35.2%). A total of 1126 (58.4%) patients received antibiotics prior to @entity13757 treatment; treatment failure (53.7%) was the most common reason for switching to @entity13757 . The majority of hospitalized @entity1 (61.8%) were treated with concomitant antibiotics. Among @entity1 with positive cultures, @entity794 (51.9%; 673/1297) was the most common pathogen. The overall clinical success rate was 84.6%; for @entity281 caused by @entity794 , the success rate was 87.2% (methicillin susceptible, 87.8%; @entity3256 resistant, 87.0%). Adverse events possibly related to @entity13757 treatment were reported in 2.4% of @entity1 and adverse events led to drug discontinuation in 2.4% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity13757 treatment resulted in high clinical success rates in @entity1 with different cSSTI subtypes, the majority of whom having failed previous antibiotic therapy. @entity13757 was well tolerated and there were no new or unexpected safety findings.

title: Real-World Treatment of Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections with XXXX : Results from a Large European Registry (EU-CORE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot infections', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['Daptomycin', 'daptomycin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity13757 :: (MESH:D017576,Chemical) :: ['Daptomycin']


abstract: @entity1273 is prevalent in dairy herds. It causes decreased animal welfare and leads to higher production costs. This study explored data from an @entity1267 ( @entity1267 ) to model on-farm gait scoring from a commercial farm. A total of 88 @entity291 were gait scored once per week, for 2 5-wk periods. Eighty variables retrieved from @entity1267 were summarized week-wise and used to predict 2 defined classes: nonlame and clinically lame @entity291 . Variables were represented with 2 transformations of the week summarized variables, using 2-wk data blocks before gait scoring, totaling 320 variables (2   2   80). The reference gait scoring error was estimated in the first week of the study and was, on average, 15%. Two partial least squares discriminant analysis models were fitted to parity 1 and parity 2 groups, respectively, to assign the lameness class according to the predicted probability of being lame (score 3 or 4/4) or not lame (score 1/4). Both models achieved sensitivity and specificity values around 80%, both in calibration and cross-validation. At the optimum values in the receiver operating characteristic curve, the false-positive rate was 28% in the parity 1 model, whereas in the parity 2 model it was about half (16%), which makes it more suitable for practical application; the model error rates were, 23 and 19%, respectively. Based on data registered automatically from one @entity1267 farm, we were able to discriminate nonlame and lame @entity291 , where partial least squares discriminant analysis achieved similar performance to the reference method.

title: XXXX challenges in automated milking systems addressed with partial least squares discriminant analysis.

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['automatic milking system', 'AMS']

answer: @entity1273 :: (MESH:D007794,Disease) :: ['Lameness detection']


abstract: @entity263 respond to treatments that suppress @entity23447 ( @entity23447 ) function, with bicalutamide, flutamide, and cyproterone acetate (CPA) being @entity23447 antagonists in clinical use. As CPA has substantial agonist activity, it was examined to identify @entity23447 coactivator/corepressor interactions that may mediate androgen-stimulated @entity263 growth. The CPA-liganded @entity23447 was coactivated by @entity23448 ( @entity23448 ) but did not mediate N-C terminal interactions or recruit @entity3546 , indicating a nonagonist conformation. Nonetheless, CPA did not enhance @entity23447 interaction with nuclear receptor corepressor, whereas the @entity23447 antagonist RU486 (mifepristone) strongly stimulated AR-nuclear receptor corepressor binding. The role of coactivators was further assessed with a @entity23449 AR mutation, found in LNCaP @entity263 cells, which converts hydroxyflutamide (HF, the active flutamide metabolite) into an agonist that stimulates LNCaP cell growth. The HF and CPA-liganded @entity23449 ARs were coactivated by @entity23448 , but only the HF-liganded @entity23449 AR was coactivated by @entity3546 . @entity23450 , a novel AR antagonist that transcriptionally activates the @entity23449 AR, but still inhibits LNCaP growth, similarly mediated recruitment of @entity23448 and not @entity3546 . In contrast, @entity3546 coactivated a bicalutamide-responsive mutant @entity23447 (W741C) isolated from a bicalutamide-stimulated LNCaP subline, further implicating @entity3546 recruitment in AR-stimulated growth. Androgen-stimulated prostate-specific antigen gene expression in LNCaP cells could be modulated by @entity3546 , and endogenous @entity517 expression was repressed by dihydrotestosterone, but not CPA. These results indicate that interactions between @entity23447 and @entity3546 contribute to prostate cell growth in vivo, although specific growth promoting genes positively regulated by AR recruitment of @entity3546 remain to be identified.

title: Recruitment of XXXX by wild-type or mutant androgen receptors correlates with ligand-stimulated growth of @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity23447 :: ('367', 'Gene') :: ['AR', 'androgen receptor']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity23448 :: ('8648', 'Gene') :: ['steroid receptor coactivator-1', 'SRC-1']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['beta-catenin']


abstract: Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with @entity310 and melphalan (TM-HILP) is a complicated surgical procedure. Herein, we present the experience of the Hellenic collaborating centers with TM-HILP for inoperable in-transit @entity320 and soft tissue @entity242 (STS) of the extremities to examine safety and feasibility of collaborating as a multi-institutional group for future research studies. From 2001 to 2009, twenty @entity1 (median age 63.5 years) underwent TM-HILP for locally advanced in-transit @entity320 (n=14) or unresectable STS (n=6). All @entity1 underwent a 90-min isolated limb perfusion with @entity3601 (10 mg/l limb volume) and @entity310 (1-2 mg) under mild @entity221 (39-40 degrees C). No major @entity532 occurred and all @entity1 completed the procedure successfully. One @entity1 developed @entity39 of the limb necessitating amputation. All @entity320 @entity1 showed a response to TM-HILP with 7 (62%) of them experiencing complete response. All STS @entity1 attained complete response after excision of @entity41 . The median disease specific and limb-relapse-free survival was 15 and 12 months, respectively. TM-HILP can be safely applied even in low volume tertiary hospitals provided that technology to minimize intraoperative systemic leakage is available. Future prospective studies can be performed reproducibly by this multi-institutional collaborative group.

title: Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion for recurrent @entity320 and soft tissue XXXX : feasibility and reproducibility in a multi-institutional Hellenic collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ischemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1205 , a semisynthetic analog of @entity1311 , made for the needles of the European yew, Taxus baccata, is a potentially important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a phase II study @entity1 with advanced and/or metastatic @entity0 and bidimensionally measurable disease, were treated with @entity1205 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks as a 1 hour infusion without any premedication. Treatment was evaluated after 2 courses and every 2 subsequent courses. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 were entered, 32 were eligible. The eligible @entity1 had a median age of 51 years (range 30-73) and a performance status WHO 1 median, (range 0-2). Twenty-eight @entity1 had been treated with surgery, 24 with radiation. Hormonal treatment was previously given in 23, chemotherapy in 32. Of 24 @entity1 treated as second line strategy, 13 achieved a partial remission, 1 a complete remission (overall response rate 58% (95% CI 37%-78%)). Eight @entity1 treated as first line: 2 PR's, 1 CR. The median overall response duration was 38 weeks. The main @entity137 consisted of transient grade 4 @entity1398 in 149 of 167 evaluable courses (89%). However, the related @entity281 rate was low. Re-treatment at 3 weeks, as scheduled, was nearly always possible. Other @entity137 consisted of skin reactions (81%) and nail changes (41%), @entity137 (59%) and occasionally hypersensitivity reactions (16%). @entity6112 was a @entity137 of major concern, observed in 59% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1205 is a very active drug against @entity0 . Further studies are required to alleviate the non-hematological @entity137 .

title: A phase II trial with XXXX (Taxotere) in second line treatment with chemotherapy for advanced @entity0 . A study of the EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'neurosensory toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['Fluid retention']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity alters breathing mechanics during exercise. Weight loss improves lung function at rest, but the effect of @entity353 , especially regional fat loss, on exercise breathing mechanics is unclear. We hypothesized that @entity353 , especially a decrease in abdominal fat, would improve breathing mechanics during exercise because of an increase in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). METHODS: Nine @entity28 @entity1 were studied before and after @entity353 (13%    8% of total fat weight, mean    SD). Subjects underwent pulmonary function testing, underwater weighing, fat distribution estimates (MRI), and graded cycle ergometry before and after a 12-week diet and exercise program. In seven @entity1 , esophageal and gastric pressures were measured. The effects of @entity353 were analyzed at rest, at ventilatory threshold (VTh), and during peak exercise by dependent Student t test, and the relationship among variables was determined by correlation analysis. RESULTS: Subjects lost 7.4    4.2 kg of body weight (P < .001), but the distribution of fat remained unchanged. After @entity353 , lung volume subdivisions at rest were increased (P < .05) and were moderately associated (P < .05) with changes in chest, waist, and hip circumferences. At VTh, EELV increased, and gastric pressure decreased significantly (P < .05). The changes in waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, and sum of chest, waist, and hip circumferences were also consistently and significantly correlated (P < .05) with changes in gastric pressure during exercise at VTh. CONCLUSIONS: Modest @entity353 improves breathing mechanics during submaximal exercise in otherwise healthy @entity28 @entity1 , which is clinically encouraging. Improvement appears to be related to the cumulative loss of chest wall fat.

title: Weight loss via diet and exercise improves exercise breathing mechanics in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2650 is the most common @entity600 , and there exist a variety of surgical approaches used to correct the abnormal position of the meatus. Although the long-term outcomes of surgery are considered important for psychosexual development, only a few attempts have been made to evaluate @entity1 satisfaction. AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate surgical results and psychosocial adaptations in a homogeneous group of subjects with severe @entity546 who underwent the same types of surgical repairs during childhood and compare the results to data obtained from age-matched healthy controls. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 104 @entity1 (between 24 and 42 years old) who underwent an uncomplicated two-stage @entity2650 repair in their childhood and 63 age-matched healthy @entity1 without @entity790 completed the questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:     Difference in self-perception assessed by a 15-item questionnaire regarding psychosexual well-being and penile appearance between subjects with corrected @entity2650 and healthy @entity1 . RESULTS: On average, subjects with a @entity2650 repair were less satisfied with their genital appearance; however, they were more satisfied with their sex lives compared to healthy controls. The meatus distance was approximately 1.5 cm from the tip of the penis after surgical correction. None of the postoperative surgical results correlated with @entity1 satisfaction. Furthermore, the small percentage of @entity1 (11%) who were very unsatisfied with their surgical outcomes had no significant differences in surgical outcomes compared to satisfied @entity1 . However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in almost all psychological outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: In adults who underwent an uncomplicated ventral repair of a severe @entity546 20-30 years earlier, healthy psychosexual development was achieved despite the lack of a glanular meatus. Early identification of unsatisfied @entity1 is important for appropriate long-term follow-up and counseling.

title: Long-term psychological and sexual outcomes of severe XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['penis malformation']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital malformations']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile hypospadias']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) has been used in combination with low-dose @entity500 (2 mg/kg/day for 14 days) or other immunosuppressives to treat 13 @entity235 lung allograft recipients. Two of five @entity235 treated with @entity9472 and @entity500 survive at 13 and 6 months, respectively, with normal lung function and no evident rejection. The other three @entity235 in this group survived for over 5 months despite evidence of rejection which was reversed with @entity1667 (50 mg/kg/day for 3 to 5 days). The addition of prophylactic @entity288 or their substitution for @entity500 resulted in decreased survival without preventing rejection better. The lung allograft rejection that occurred with @entity9472 was usually later in onset and more easily reversed by @entity288 than the lung rejection that occurred with standard immunosuppression. @entity9472 rejection was also sometimes qualitatively different. Perivascular mononuclear cell cuffs and a proportionally greater decrease in allograft perfusion with respect to ventilation were often more prominent than in rejection with standard immunosuppression. In some instances, decreased allograft perfusion evidenced rejection while the plain chest roentgenogram and ventilation remained normal. Except for @entity281 , which only occurred in animals receiving prophylactic @entity288 , there was no @entity137 from @entity9472 . These findings indicate that this drug is the safest, most effective immunosuppressive agent yet available for use in lung transplantation.

title: XXXX in experimental lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 rates following colorectal @entity254 range from 4 to 26%, and the development of a leak is known to be correlated with worse prognosis after a curative resection for @entity14 . In addition, @entity834 has been associated with increased mortality and risk of permanent stoma. While techniques to improve the leakage rates in colorectal surgery have been described, these have largely been through isolated case series. We sought to undertake an evidence-based approach to reviewing the use of such techniques. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed, evaluating the current evidence for techniques to improve leakage following colorectal @entity254 . RESULTS: There is Level I evidence to support the use of intra-operative leak testing, defunctioning ileostomy and drain tube insertion in the correct settings, including those associated with poor @entity1 , disease and/or operative factors. There is no clear evidence to support the use of handsewn techniques, stapling techniques or laparoscopy over other techniques. CONCLUSION: Reductions in morbidity and mortality from colorectal anastomotic leaks can be gained by performing intraoperative leak testing, defunctioning ileostomy and drain tube insertion in the correct settings. The technique for performing the @entity254 remains at the discretion of the surgeon and largely depends on experience, @entity1 characteristics and the operative setting, rather than there being any clear evidence for one technique over another. New techniques and devices that overcome drawbacks in current practice are consistently being developed and tested, making further risk reduction in colorectal @entity254 of great future promise.

title: Reducing XXXX in oncologic colorectal surgery: an evidence-based review.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: The primary aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in the relationship between muscular strength, body composition, and physical self-perception in adolescents. @entity1 (n=106, age 15.0  0.7 years, 51% @entity1 ) completed the following assessments: height and weight, bio-electrical impedance analysis (body fat %), muscular strength (1RM bench press and leg press), and the @entity1 's Physical Self-Perception Profile. Bivariate correlations were examined and mediation analysis was used to explore if physical self-perception sub-domains mediated the relationship between muscular strength/adiposity and overall physical self-worth. Among @entity1 , physical self-worth was associated with absolute total strength (r=0.36, p<0.01), but not with body fat % (r=-0.11, p=0.44), or relative total strength (r=0.21, p=0.13). In adolescent @entity1 , physical self-worth was associated with body fat % (r=-0.42, p<0.01), relative total strength (r=0.40, p<0.01) but not absolute total strength (r=0.07, p=0.62). In @entity1 , perceived physical strength mediated the relationship between absolute muscular strength and physical self-worth. Relative muscular strength was not associated with perceived strength (p>0.05) in @entity1 and the test of the mediated effect was non-significant (p>0.05). Perceived body attractiveness was found to mediate the relationship between body fat % and physical self-worth among @entity1 and @entity1 . Physical self-worth is associated with different components of health-related @entity410 in adolescent @entity1 and @entity1 . Mediation analysis can be used to provide insights into the complex interrelationships between variables.

title: Muscular XXXX , body composition and physical self-perception in adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'Participants', 'girls', 'boys']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['fitness']