abstract: In 1990, the American Association of Poison Control Centers identified that for the first time activated charcoal (AC) use had surpassed that of syrup of ipecac. As nurses are given the primary responsibility for AC administration, it was important to determine how AC was being administered, as well as nursing attitudes towards AC that have an impact on @entity1 care. Surveys were mailed to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) of 60 hospitals served by the @entity4968 ( @entity4968 ); 6 nurses/ED, 2 from each shift, were asked to respond. Forty-four @entity341 responded (73.3%) providing 237 surveys. Eighty-two percent of nurses stated they disliked administering AC for the following reasons: @entity1 did not like AC (64.4%); AC soiled clothing (54.7%); and AC took too long to give (35.5%). Prior to administration, 70.9% of the nurses responded that they shook the AC a minimum of 20 times; 9.3% commented that AC still failed to resuspend. Specific administration techniques included attempts to mask the appearance the the AC (67.1%) and attempts to increase AC's @entity2419 by adding a flavoring agent (37.6%) or by using AC with @entity5121 instead of aqueous AC (25.7%). Of note was that the flavoring agents used were those known to decrease AC's ability to adsorb toxins. As the majority of problems with AC involved its poor resuspendibility and @entity2419 , an AC fact sheet was developed and mailed to @entity341 to provide suggestions on AC resuspension and means of enhancing @entity1 acceptance without compromising AC's adsorptive capacity. By surveying nursing attitudes toward AC and the administration techniques being utilized, the @entity4968 was able to identify specific problems and address nursing concerns in a way that positively impacts @entity1 care.

title: Nursing attitudes towards charcoal administration--impact on XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'Emergency Departments']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['Pittsburgh Poison Center', 'PPC']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study in @entity1 with @entity6 was undertaken 1) to evaluate cardiac sympathetic innervation in @entity6 @entity1 using @entity7990 (MIBG) imaging; 2) to study the relation between autonomic function assessed by clinical maneuvers and abnormalities in MIBG uptake; and 3) to examine the basis for our previous observation of an association between @entity16 and silent @entity741 . BACKGROUND: The clinical detection of @entity5433 in @entity6 has been linked to both abnormal perception of @entity158 , including angina, and poor prognosis. METHODS: Uptake of MIBG was measured by dual-isotope imaging in 23 normal subjects and 65 asymptomatic @entity6 @entity1 . Silent @entity741 was defined as the presence of a reversible perfusion defect in @entity1 with @entity308 . RESULTS: The MIBG uptake in the @entity6 @entity1 was significantly lower than that in normal subjects in the apex (67 +/- 17% vs. 82 +/- 7%, p = 0.0001), distal third (77 +/- 11% vs. 85 +/- 3%, p = 0.0001), proximal third (77 +/- 9% vs. 84 +/- 3%, p = 0.0001) and base (71 +/- 9% vs. 80 +/- 4%, p = 0.0001) of the left ventricle. Similarly, MIBG uptake was variable across different vascular territories. When MIBG uptake was corrected for perfusion abnormalities, @entity6 @entity1 had a greater MIBG uptake defect than normal subjects on visual score assessment (16 +/- 13 vs. 8 +/- 7%, p = 0.0002) and on quantitative MIBG mismatch assessment (13 +/- 15% vs. 2 +/- 2%, p = 0.0001). @entity6 @entity1 with versus without @entity5433 had more extensive MIBG uptake mismatch (17 +/- 17% vs. 4 +/- 6%, p = 0.0001). There was a greater diffuse abnormality in @entity6 @entity1 with versus without silent @entity741 detected by sestamibi/MIBG uptake ratio (68 +/- 35% vs. 19 +/- 33%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sympathetic cardiac innervation in normal subjects is inhomogeneous. In contrast to normal subjects, @entity6 @entity1 have evidence of a significant reduction in MIBG uptake, most likely on the basis of @entity5433 . Furthermore, @entity6 @entity1 with silent @entity741 have evidence of a diffuse abnormality in MIBG uptake, suggesting that abnormalities in @entity158 perception may be linked to sympathetic denervation.

title: @entity7990 imaging in @entity6 : assessment of cardiac sympathetic denervation and its relation to @entity5433 and silent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in autonomic nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['metaiodobenzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The value of nocturnal minute-by-minute urine was analyzed for the detection of microalbuminuria in @entity101 . METHODS: Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured by immunonephelometry in 70 @entity1 with essential arterial @entity101 (34 males, mean age 44 +/- 5 years, body mass index [BMI] 28 +/- 4, clinical blood pressure [BP] 157 +/- 12/97 +/- 7 mmHg) and 12 healthy normotensive controls (5 males, mean age 38 +/- 4 years, BMI 27 +/- 3; clinical BP 126 +/- 12/79 +/- 5 mmHg). Both 24 hours urine as well as nocturnal urine were collected over 2 days. The intraindividual variability was evaluated by calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient and by the Bland and Altman method. RESULTS: Mean 24-hour UAE was 24.7 +/- 41.9 micrograms/min, greater than nocturnal urine (17.7 +/- 32.8 micrograms/min) (p < 0.05). The UAE rate was significantly greater in the @entity101 @entity1 than in the controls (p < 0.01) for both the 24-hour and nocturnal urine. The intraindividual variability estimated as the percentage of repeatability was 35% for 24-hour UAE and 43% for nocturnal UAE, being slightly higher values than those observed in the controls. Microalbuminuria was detected in 17 (24%) of the @entity1 in 24-hour samples while in the nocturnal urine 12.12 or 10 @entity1 were found according to whether the threshold considered was 14 micrograms/min, 14.9 micrograms/min or 20 micrograms/min, respectively. While the specificity in nocturnal minute-by-minute urine was 98% and the positive predictive value was 0.91 for any of the thresholds considered, sensitivity ranged from 59% for the higher threshold (20 micrograms/min) to 70% for the lower threshold (14 micrograms/min). CONCLUSIONS: The determination of microalbuminuria in minuted nocturnal urine in @entity1 with essential arterial @entity101 is less sensitive than that determined in 24-hour urine.

title: [Urinary albumin excretion during the night in essential arterial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'high blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity1897 alters the expression of hundreds of proteins in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Targeting some of these proteins has led to successful treatments for acute @entity158 , but not for sustained post-operative @entity9 . The latter may require targeting multiple proteins. Since a single microRNA (miR) can affect the expression of multiple proteins, here, we describe an approach to identify chronic @entity9 -relevant miRs. We used two variants of the @entity128 ( @entity128 ): Sural- @entity128 and Tibial- @entity128 and found distinct @entity158 phenotypes between the two. Both models induced strong mechanical allodynia, but only Sural- @entity128 @entity35 maintained strong mechanical and @entity1931 , as previously reported. In contrast, we found that Tibial- @entity128 @entity35 recovered from mechanical allodynia and never developed @entity1931 . Since both models involve @entity128 , we increased the probability of identifying differentially regulated miRs that correlated with the quality and magnitude of @entity9 and decreased the probability of detecting miRs that are solely involved in neuronal regeneration. We found seven such miRs in L3-L5 DRG. The expression of these miRs increased in Tibial- @entity128 . These miRs displayed a lower level of expression in Sural- @entity128 , with four having levels lower than those in sham animals. Bioinformatic analysis of how these miRs could affect the expression of some ion channels supports the view that, following a @entity1897 , the increase of the seven miRs may contribute to the recovery from @entity9 while the decrease of four of them may contribute to the development of chronic @entity9 . The approach used resulted in the identification of a small number of potentially @entity9 relevant miRs. Additional studies are required to investigate whether manipulating the expression of the identified miRs in primary sensory neurons can prevent or ameliorate chronic @entity9 following @entity1897 .

title: An approach to identify microRNAs involved in XXXX following a @entity1897 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['cold allodynia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['spared nerve injury', 'nerve injury', 'SNI']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral nerve injury', 'peripheral nerve injury', 'peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: @entity456 after tube thoracostomy was performed in 40 @entity1 with @entity3483 . The @entity1 were randomly allocated to intrapleural therapy with @entity803 or @entity3700 . Follow up was obtained on each @entity1 to determine if a symptomatic effusion recurred. The response was classified as a complete or partial response and failure. (Complete response: complete lack of reaccumulation of pleural fluid for at least 60 days. Partial response: small pleural effusion asymptomatic not requiring further treatment for at least 60 days. Failure: all other cases). @entity803 produced complete or partial control of the effusion in 16 of 20 trials for a duration of 6.1 +/- 4.1 months (range 2-14 months). @entity3700 produced control of the effusion in 12 of 20 trials for a duration of 4.4 +/- 1 months (range 2-8 months). These findings indicate that intracavitary @entity803 is a more effective treatment than intracavitary @entity3700 for the control of @entity1143 .

title: @entity803 compared with XXXX in the treatment of @entity3483 . A randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline', 'Tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine', 'Mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural sclerosis']

answer: @entity3700 :: (MESH:D008466,Chemical) :: ['mechlorethamine']


abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated the potential for manufactured nanomaterials to reach the aquatic environment. There is a need to determine if these materials will have an impact on aquatic species and at what level of exposure. In addition there is a need to develop models to test the potential effects of the multitude of particle types in production on aquatic vertebrates. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of manufactured nanomaterials on the immune system of an aquatic vertebrate model, the @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ). We investigated how structure and type of functionalization of manufactured nanomaterials could affect immunotoxicity. To assess immunotoxicity, we used a well-studied trout macrophage primary cell culture system in conjunction with the expression of @entity14555 and IFNa for proinflammatory and antiviral gene expression. There was a significant difference among the different @entity505 nanotube-based nanomaterials in their level of stimulation of @entity14555 in macrophage cells and the dose at which they became stimulatory. At concentrations that were sublethal to cells, almost all nanomaterials were stimulatory at some concentration. Single-walled nanotubes and multi-walled nanotubes that were differentially functionalized to be water-soluble, varied in their effects; specifically the concentrations at which they were stimulatory and they were more stimulatory to @entity14555 expression compared with unfunctionalized nanotubes. Each functionalized nanotube type caused a dose-dependent response with the lowest exposures (0.05-1.0  g/ml) having no stimulatory response and at the highest concentrations (5  g/ml and 10  g/ml) stimulating a response similar to the positive @entity558 positive control. Anionic functionalized multi-walled nanotubes and zwitterionic single-walled nanotubes were stimulatory at the lowest dose (0.5  g/ml). @entity6743 , often used to suspend nanomaterials, was also tested and was as stimulatory to the immune cells as the nanomaterials. This study is the first report of the effects of nanomaterials on the function of the immune system in a nonmammalian vertebrate. Since the innate immune system is the first to respond to the intrusion of foreign material, analysis of the effects of nanomaterials on cells of the innate immune system should provide valuable information on how these materials are perceived and affect an animal. Ultimately such research will provide the means to determine which nanomaterials are most harmful to aquatic species and how particles may be altered or functionalized to decrease their @entity137 .

title: Functionalization impacts the effects of @entity505 nanotubes on the immune system of XXXX , @entity5660 .

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium deoxycholate']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although arthroscopy offers an unparalleled view of intra-articular pathology, its use in the treatment of @entity7334 remains controversial. This study was designed to compare functional and radiologic outcomes of arthroscopically assisted (AA) versus fluoroscopically assisted (FA) @entity174 . TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective, case-matched comparison of 2 different procedures. METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 1999, 15 @entity1 with comminuted @entity7334 underwent AA external fixation and percutaneous pinning. Fifteen @entity1 underwent external fixation and FA reduction and pinning. @entity1 in both groups were matched for @entity174 pattern and age. RESULTS: Follow-up evaluation consisted of an evaluation of grip strength and range of motion as well as radiographic evaluation of palmar tilt, radial shortening, stepoff, and degenerative changes. Health-related quality of life outcomes were assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. @entity1 who underwent AA surgery had significantly improved supination compared with those who underwent FA surgery (88 degrees v 73 degrees; P =.02). AA reduction also resulted in improved wrist extension (mean, 77 degrees v 69 degrees; P =.01) and wrist flexion (mean, 78 degrees v 59 degrees; P =.02). Radial shortening, Knirk and Jupiter congruity grades, and DASH scores were similar for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: AA reduction and fixation of @entity7334 permits a more thorough inspection of the ulnar-sided components of the injury. At follow-up evaluation, @entity1 who underwent AA procedures had a greater degree of supination, flexion, and extension than @entity1 undergoing FA surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II prospective cohort study.

title: Arthroscopic reduction versus fluoroscopic reduction in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['reduction and external fixation of distal radius fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular distal radius fractures']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular distal radius fractures']


abstract: @entity683 is usually considered a mild winter-time illness but can be associated with a range of serious complications. We undertook a retrospective medical record review to study the impact of admissions of @entity1 with laboratory-confirmed @entity683 to The @entity1 's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, during 2007. One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 were identified, representing 530 hospital admission days. There was no clearly documented evidence of @entity683 vaccination for any @entity1 eligible for vaccination. Fever (97.5%) and cough (69.7%) were the most frequent manifestations. Admissions occurred almost entirely between June and September with a peak in July (n=61, 50%). Two-thirds of the @entity1 were aged less than 2 years (median 1.5 years). Most (61.5%) had an underlying chronic medical disorder. Lumbar puncture was performed in 28 (23%) @entity1 , mostly @entity1 aged less than 3 months (n=18). Antibiotics were commonly prescribed (67.2%), but use of available @entity683 -specific antiviral agents was uncommon (13.1%). The nosocomial infection rate was 9.8% and the clinical staff vaccination rate was low (less than 30%). @entity55 was the most common complication (12.3%). No @entity683 -related @entity204 occurred. @entity683 in young @entity1 poses a significant burden to health care services, tertiary admissions representing the tip-of-the-iceberg. Vaccination rates are inappropriately low in both eligible @entity1 and hospital clinical staff. Early 'point of care' testing, use of @entity683 -specific antiviral agents, and extension of current vaccination schedules to include all @entity1 aged six to 23 months could considerably reduce over-investigation, unnecessary use of antibiotics and the health care impact of @entity683 .

title: The burden of childhood XXXX in a tertiary paediatric setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'Influenza']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity1949 on cognitive performance in postmenopausal @entity1 and to evaluate whether @entity34 ( @entity34 ) has a modifying effect on coping. DESIGN: Twenty-six postmenopausal @entity1 , aged 58 to 72 years (mean 64 years), volunteered for the study ( @entity34 users, n = 16; nonusers, n = 10). They spent four consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. The cognitive tests were performed three times: after the baseline night, after one night of @entity1949 , and after the rebound night. The cognitive measures included @entity227 , visuomotor performance, verbal attention, and shared attention. RESULTS: The practice effect typically occurring in cognitive tests was blunted during @entity1949 , which indicated deterioration of performance. At rebound, performance improved in @entity227 (immediate recall P < 0.01; delayed recall P < 0.05), visuomotor performance (P < 0.001), verbal attention (P < 0.0001), and shared attention (P < 0.05). @entity34 users performed better than nonusers in the @entity227 test (P < 0.05) and in one of three subtests of shared attention (cancellation P = 0.040). Otherwise @entity34 did not influence the results. CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal @entity1 , @entity1949 impaired visual functions and attention. However, this effect was not prolonged because after one rebound night the performance was improved, compared with baseline. Hormone therapy did not modify the cognitive performance during @entity1949 .

title: Sleep deprivation, cognitive performance, and @entity34 in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual episodic memory']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report on our experience of repair of @entity9727 using a circumumbilical incision. The aim of this report is to describe how a @entity9728 provides a safe and invisible alternative to transverse abdominal incision for the repair of duodenal @entity1146 . METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2009, we treated 13 cases with @entity9727 using a circumumbilical incision (Group I) and 14 cases with this condition repaired using a standard transverse right upper abdominal incision (Group II). Surgical procedures included a diamond-shaped duodenoduodenostomy as originally described by Kimura and standard duodenal web excision. The circumumbilical incision utilized at our institution is a classic Bianchi procedure. The 2 groups were compared with regard to @entity1 demographics, operative reports and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: There were no differences in preoperative parameters such as gestational age, age at surgery, or body weight at operation between the 2 groups. The circumumbilical cohort and transverse incision cohort had similar rates of @entity154 (61.54% vs. 64.29%), Kimura diamond-shaped @entity254 (61.54% vs. 64.29%) with only a slight female predominance in Group I. The mean operating time in Group I was 65.0 min while mean duration of the operation in Group II was 64.64 min. The difference between groups was statistically not significant (p>0.05). The mean time to full enteral feeding for @entity1 with an umbilical incision was significantly shorter (p<0.0001) compared to @entity1 with a standard incision (6.92 days vs. 11.86 days). Mean postoperative hospital stay was longer for @entity1 in Group II (19.71 days vs. 12.38 days; p<0.0001). The postoperative course was uneventful for all @entity1 . There were no intra- or @entity260 . CONCLUSION: We report on a first series comparing umbilical and transverse right upper abdominal incision for the treatment of @entity9727 . Our results suggest that an umbilical incision offers all the benefits of a minimal access approach, including earlier feeding and shorter times to discharge. We consider our approach an intermediate step, with laparoscopy likely to become the "gold standard" for the treatment of @entity9727 .

title: Keyhole approach for repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity9728 :: ('MESH:C567398', 'Disease') :: ['Bianchi approach']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['congenital duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity9727 :: (MESH:D004380,Disease) :: ['congenital duodenal obstruction']


abstract: Effects of duodenally infused casein on milk secretion were investigated by coupling measurements of mammary blood flow and arteriovenous differences. Four lactating @entity291 were given a continuous duodenal infusion of 0, 177, 352, and 762 g of @entity460 caseinate/d according to a Latin square design. Diets, formulated to meet 90% of energy and protein recommendations, consisted of a ratio of @entity4336 silage:concentrate of 76:24 supplemented with dehydrated alfalfa. Yields of milk, protein, and fat increased linearly with casein infusions (by up to 2.6 kg/d, 126 g/d, and 133 g/d, respectively) as did milk protein content (by up to 2.2 g/kg). Mammary blood flow and insulin, prolactin, and growth hormone in plasma were not affected by added casein. Concentrations of arterial @entity598 , @entity413 , @entity19412 , and NEFA remained unchanged, but their uptake by the udder increased by 3, 18, 22, and 91%, respectively, between the control and high casein treatments. Plasma arterial concentrations and the mammary uptake of essential and nonessential AA increased linearly with casein infusions. Although arterial concentrations increased to a much greater degree for essential AA than for nonessential AA, the increased udder extraction was higher for nonessential AA. The main part of the added AA (90%) was extracted by the udder. However, a direct transfer of supplementary-extracted AA into milk did not occur, thus increasing AA availability for other metabolic pathways.

title: Effect of graded levels of duodenal infusions of casein on mammary uptake in lactating XXXX . 1. Major nutrients.

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a glycoprotein of molecular weight 360,000-390,000 daltons which is closely related to Lewis blood antigen. It is normally secreted by the urothelium and supposed to have a protective function against the harmful effect of low pH on the cells. With the development of @entity5 its secretion increases, secondary to anaerobic glycolysis and @entity880 accumulation, (differentiation trait). It is secreted by the pancreas and may show increase in some @entity344 . @entity150 is a major problem in Egypt. It represents 26% of @entity5 , 86% of @entity5 occur on top of @entity2335 . It has three histopathological types: @entity957 (75.9%), @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) (16%), @entity420 (6%) and undifferentiated (2.1%). CA 19-9 serum level was studied in the different groups. It was found to be elevated only in @entity1606 . The level was proportional to the bulk of malignant tissue and it returned to normal after @entity5 resection. Recurrence was associated with high serum level. CA 19-9 could be of value in detection and follow-up of @entity1606 of the bladder.

title: CA 19-9 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma of the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['bilharzial cystitis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder']


abstract: @entity299 is a rare @entity5 (190 cases in the literature). Since the first operation, in 1959, the @entity5 has been removed in about 30 @entity1 . Our case is the first @entity299 diagnosed in live adults. The @entity1 was a 59-year old @entity1 without any significant history. Echocardiography showed a @entity5 in the right atrium. A tentative diagnosis of @entity3291 was made and the @entity1 was operated upon. At pathology, the @entity5 turned out to be a @entity4618 . After a 2.5-year follow-up period, the @entity1 remains asymptomatic. @entity299 almost exclusively occurs in @entity1 . Only six adult cases have been published, all diagnosed at autopsy. Cardiac symptoms are either those of a @entity340 or @entity943 . Treatment is surgical for single @entity5 . Multiple @entity4618 are associated with @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) in 50 p. 100 of the cases, which entails a sombre prognosis. In our @entity1 , the presence of a @entity5 at the age of 59 without any sign of @entity2916 and the fact that the @entity5 could be entirely removed were factors of favourable prognosis.

title: [ XXXX in the adult. Echocardiographic diagnosis and successful surgical treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['single tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyomas', 'rhabdomyoma']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', "Bourneville's disease"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac rhabdomyoma', 'cardiac rhabdomyoma']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac rhabdomyoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no accepted gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity354 ( @entity354 ). AIM: To assess the optimal cut-off value and duration of the @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) test in @entity354 @entity1 with and without @entity354 . METHODS: Prospective study of 544 @entity1 undergoing @entity1729 and treated for 2 weeks with PPIs at double dose, and for 3 additional months at standard dose. The status of the @entity1 at end of treatment was used as an independent diagnostic standard, i.e. @entity1 completely asymptomatic were considered as "true" @entity354 @entity1 . RESULTS: PPI test was positive in 89.7-97.8% of the @entity1 according to the cut-off or duration of test used. Test sensitivity ranged from 95.5% to 98.8%, whereas specificity did not exceed 36.3%. Positive predictive values ranged from 87% to 80%, negative predictive values ranged from 58% to 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The PPI test is a sensitive but poorly specific test in @entity354 @entity1 . Its optimal duration is 1 week, and the optimal cut-off value is a decrease of heartburn score >= 75%. The diagnostic yield is higher in erosive @entity354 compared with @entity354 @entity1 , similarly to the symptomatic response to 3-month PPI therapy.

title: The @entity7080 inhibitor test for XXXX : optimal cut-off value and duration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD', 'non-erosive reflux disease', 'oesophagitis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: The impairment in normal sensory processing which is usually observed in @entity161 has been demonstrated using a paired-stimulus paradigm. Normal individuals show a diminished midlatency evoked potential response to the second of a pair of clicks given at a 0.5-s interval. This phenomenon is termed auditory "gating". @entity161 routinely fail to suppress their response to the second click in this paradigm; thus, they do not gate. Heavy @entity286 use is common among @entity161 and it has recently been shown that @entity1239 causes a transient normalization of auditory gating in these individuals. Our laboratory has been utilizing animal models to investigate the sensory deficit observed in @entity161 . In the present study, @entity35 were administered @entity4944 to produce a @entity161 -like @entity393 . They were then given @entity1239 , which resulted in a dose-dependent normalization of the @entity4944 -induced loss of gating. This effect was blocked by concurrent central administration of @entity2899 . Neither @entity1239 nor @entity2899 had any effect on auditory gating when administered alone. These data are in agreement with the @entity1 studies showing normalization of auditory gating with @entity1239 administration and suggest a possible role for the nicotinic cholinergic receptor in the modulation of auditory gating in the @entity35 model.

title: Nicotinic cholinergic normalization of @entity4944 -induced @entity393 in freely moving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenics', 'schizophrenics']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of auditory gating']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Diffusion MRI has uniquely enabled in vivo delineation of white matter tracts, which has been applied to the segmentation of eloquent pathways for intraoperative mapping. The last decade has also seen the development from earlier diffusion tensor models to higher-order models, which take advantage of high angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (HARDI) techniques. However, these advanced methods have not been widely implemented for routine preoperative and intraoperative mapping. The authors report on the application of residual bootstrap q-ball fiber tracking for routine mapping of potentially functional language pathways, the development of a system for rating tract injury to evaluate the impact on clinically assessed language function, and initial results predicting long-term @entity51 following @entity11 resection. METHODS The authors have developed methods for the segmentation of 8 putative language pathways including dorsal phonological pathways and ventral semantic streams using residual bootstrap q-ball fiber tracking. Furthermore, they have implemented clinically feasible preoperative acquisition and processing of HARDI data to delineate these pathways for neurosurgical application. They have also developed a rating scale based on the altered fiber tract density to estimate the degree of pathway injury, applying these ratings to a subset of 35 @entity1 with pre- and postoperative fiber tracking. The relationships between specific pathways and clinical @entity51 were assessed to determine which pathways are predictive of long-term @entity51 following surgery. RESULTS This tracking methodology has been routinely implemented for preoperative mapping in @entity1 with @entity13 who have undergone awake @entity1313 resection at the University of California, San Francisco (more than 300 @entity1 to date). In this particular study the authors investigated the white matter structure status and language correlation in a subcohort of 35 subjects both pre- and postsurgery. The rating scales developed for fiber pathway damage were found to be highly reproducible and provided significant correlations with language performance. Preservation of the left @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ) and the temporoparietal component of the superior @entity3057 (SLF-tp) was consistent in all @entity1 without @entity51 (p < 0.001) at the long-term follow-up. Furthermore, in @entity1 with short-term @entity51 , the @entity1019 and/or SLF-tp were affected, and damage to these 2 pathways was predictive of a long-term language deficit (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The authors demonstrated the successful application of q-ball tracking in presurgical planning for language pathways in @entity1313 @entity1 and in assessing white matter tract integrity postoperatively to predict long-term language dysfunction. These initial results predicting long-term @entity51 following @entity5 resection indicate that @entity86 to dorsal language pathways may be prognostic for long-term clinical @entity51 . Study results suggest the importance of dorsal stream tract preservation to reduce @entity51 in @entity1 undergoing @entity11 resection, as well as the potential prognostic value of assessing @entity86 to dorsal language pathways to predict long-term clinical @entity51 .

title: Identifying preoperative language tracts and predicting postoperative functional recovery using HARDI q-ball fiber tractography in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['language deficits']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative injury']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'arcuate fasciculus']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal fasciculus']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: A mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin antibody was used to investigate the disposition of the cytoskeletal microtubules of three tissue culture cell lines-- @entity19 macrophages, @entity16682 , and Vero cells--infected with the Brazil strain of @entity1527 . Indirect immunofluorescence light microscopy was used to demonstrate the antigenic response in host cells and parasites, simultaneously. In all morphotypes of T. cruzi, the monoclonal antibody reacted with all subpopulations of microtubules, inclusively, the subpellicular, flagellar, cytopharyngeal, and mitotic. The host cell cytoskeletal microtubule framework was revealed and the redistribution and destruction of the microtubular lattice in response to parasite @entity281 over a 120 h period recorded. Our results show that after the initial inoculation of tissue cultures with trypomastigotes, the parasites penetrate the cells and locate in the perinuclear region of the cell where they multiply. The number and distribution of host cell microtubules were altered during the @entity281 . The normal radial distribution of microtubules extending from the center of the cell to the periphery was destroyed. The remaining microtubules were observed at the periphery encircling, but well removed from the proliferating parasites. The complete transformation of the parasites was monitored throughout the @entity281 with the end result being the liberation of parasites and the near complete destruction of the microtubular framework of the host cell. A residual population of dividing spheromastigotes was observed in cells liberating trypomastigotes. Colloidal gold labeling of thin sections as seen in the electron microscope affirmed the specificity of our monoclonal antibody to all subpopulations of microtubules in @entity1527 .

title: A monoclonal antibody to alpha tubulin recognizes host cell and XXXX tubulins.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that cognitive-behavioural therapy can be an effective intervention for @entity1 experiencing drug-refractory positive symptoms of @entity161 . AIMS: To investigate the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy on in- @entity1 with treatment- @entity716 . METHOD: Manualised therapy was compared with supportive counselling in a randomised controlled study. Both interventions were delivered by experienced psychologists over 16 sessions of treatment. Therapy fidelity was assessed by two independent raters. @entity1 underwent masked assessment at baseline, after treatment and at 6 months' follow-up. Main outcome measures were the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale. The analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving cognitive cognitive-behavioural therapy had improved with regard to @entity2167 and illness insight at the post-treatment assessment, but these findings were not maintained at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive-behavioural therapy showed modest short-term benefits over supportive counselling for treatment-refractory positive symptoms of @entity161 .

title: Cognitive-behavioural therapy for @entity716 of XXXX resistant to atypical antipsychotic medication. Randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['refractory psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk and renal function deterioration in @entity6 and @entity101 , but the clinical relevance of raised @entity633 in the general population is less certain. We examined the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors and @entity65 in the UK general population. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study of 23,964 individuals, aged 40-79 years recruited in 1993-1997 for the EPIC-Norfolk Study. Smoking status, prevalent physician diagnosed @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity65 and @entity5 were derived from a health and lifestyle questionnaire. Albumin-to- @entity1011 ratios were estimated from random spot urine specimens collected at the survey visit, and using these ratios @entity1 were categorized into normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria (2.5-25 mg/mmol), and macroalbuminuria. RESULTS: The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 11.8% and 0.9% respectively in the total population and significantly higher in @entity1 (14.4%) compared with @entity1 (8.9%) (P<0.001). Independent determinants of microalbuminuria were age, sex, systolic blood pressure and current smoking. Microalbuminuria was independently associated with @entity65 , after adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for prevalent @entity65 of 1.30 (1.12-1.51) in all @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Microalbuminuria was present in approximately 12% of this population. It was independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent @entity65 . Microalbuminuria may be a useful indicator of high absolute cardiovascular risk in the community but prospective data are needed to establish its independent predictive value for future events.

title: Microalbuminuria, cardiovascular risk factors and XXXX in a British population: the EPIC-Norfolk population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1823 arise from paraganglion cells as part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. These @entity5 are generally considered benign. They appear rarely in the larynx and most of them are supraglottic. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 45-year-old female @entity1 who presented with a history of hoarseness for two months and difficulties in swallowing for twenty days. Fiberoptic endoscopic examination showed a submucosal mass involving the left side of the larynx. The subglottic area of the larynx was normal as were the base of the tongue and pharynx. The mobility of the true vocal cords was normal. There was no stridor or signs of @entity1224 and no neck lemphadenopathy. The @entity1 underwent a direct microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia. The @entity5 was entirely removed along with the left aryepiglottic fold with respect to the surrounding tissues. Histopathological examination showed a benign @entity1823 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1823 of the larynx are rare @entity5 . Most of them are supraglottic. The differential diagnosis of @entity1823 includes @entity4303 , atypical @entity4153 , @entity320 , and @entity189 of the @entity1374 . Although these @entity5 are generally considered benign, their surgical removal with respect to the surrounding tissues and maximal possible preservation of laryngeal function is the treatment of choice.

title: XXXX of the larynx: a case report.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid, small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['typical carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['Paragangliomas', 'laryngeal paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['Paraganglioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is used with increasing frequency for the treatment of morbid @entity28 . The application of robotic techniques has been reported for bariatric operations like laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, but not for LSG. We report herein our initial experience with LSG performed with the use of the Da Vinci surgical system. METHODS: Nineteen consecutive @entity1 underwent LSG with the use of the Da Vinci surgical system by the same surgical team. Surgical techniques followed the principles of standard LSG. Preparation of the stomach was performed by the console surgeon and its division with the staplers by the @entity1 -side surgeon. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 and two @entity1 with a mean age of 39.4 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 48.2 kg/m(2) were operated. Mean operative time was 95.5        11.5 min. Docking time was 16        4.2 min. There were no conversions. Peri-operative morbidity and mortality was zero. Time to BMI ratio for robotic LSG was 2        0.3 min/kg/m(2) and it was equal to the respective of our standard LSGs. When the docking time was excluded, the same ratio was 1.7        0.2, significantly shorter than the respective 2.0        0.5 of our conventional LSGs (p   =   0.018). Mean excess body weight loss 1 year post-operatively was 65.5        25.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a feasible, safe, and efficient surgical technique for the treatment of morbid @entity28 and it does not add to the operating time of the procedure.

title: Initial experience with robotic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Burn can be among the most severe physical and psychologic @entity130 a @entity1 may face. @entity1 with burns commonly have severe @entity111 and @entity158 . Severe @entity111 has also been associated with @entity148 , @entity25 , and disruption of daily living activities. The addition of complementary treatments to standard care may lead to improved @entity158 management and may offer a safer approach for reducing @entity158 and procedural @entity148 for @entity1 with burns. The authors conducted an experimental study to examine whether the effects of massage therapy reduced burned adolescents' @entity158 , @entity111 , and @entity148 levels. Sixty-three adolescents were enrolled in this study shortly after admission (mean days = 3 +/- 0.48) at a burn unit in a large university hospital from February 2008 to June 2009. The measures including the @entity158 , @entity111 , and state @entity148 were collected on the first and last days of the 5-week study period. The @entity1 had an average age of 14.07 +/- 1.78 years and came usually from the lower socioeconomic strata. The authors observed that massage therapy reduced all these measures from the first to the last day of this study (P < .001). In most cultures, massage treatments are used to alleviate a wide range of symptoms. Although health professionals agree on the use of nonpharmacologic method for @entity1 with burns, these applications are not yet common.

title: Itching, XXXX , and @entity148 levels are reduced with massage therapy in burned adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Skeletal muscle @entity413 transport is regulated via the canonical insulin-signaling cascade as well as by energy-sensing signals. @entity1920 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in the energy status regulation of @entity413 transport. We determined the role of the @entity19152 isoform in @entity519 -mediated energy status signaling and @entity413 transport in fast-twitch glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle from @entity19152 -knockout (KO) @entity19 and wild-type @entity19 . Although @entity519 increased @entity413 transport (P < 0.001) in wild-type @entity19 , this effect was attenuated in @entity19152 -KO @entity19 (45% reduction, P < 0.01). The role of @entity141 -mediated signaling was tested using the @entity141 /calmodulin competitive inhibitor @entity14374 . @entity14374 exposure reduced @entity519 -mediated @entity413 transport in @entity19152 -KO and wild-type @entity19 (P < 0.05). To further explore the underlying signaling mechanisms, phosphorylation of CaMKII, AMPK, ACC, and @entity19153 /D4 as well as isoform-specific AMPK activity was determined. Basal and @entity519 -mediated phosphorylation of CaMKII, AMPK, and ACC as well as alpha1- and alpha2-associated AMPK activity was comparable between @entity19152 -KO and wild-type @entity19 . @entity14374 reduced @entity519 -mediated CaMKII phosphorylation in @entity19152 -KO and wild-type @entity19 (P < 0.05), whereas phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC as well as alpha1- and alpha2-associated AMPK activity was unaltered. @entity519 increased @entity19153 /D4 phosphorylation in @entity19152 -KO and wild-type @entity19 (P < 0.001). @entity14374 exposure prevented this effect in @entity19152 -KO, but not in wild-type @entity19 . Taken together, we provide direct evidence for a role of the @entity19152 isoform in @entity519 -mediated @entity413 transport in glycolytic muscle. Moreover, @entity519 -mediated @entity19153 /D4 phosphorylation was uncoupled from @entity413 transport in @entity19152 -KO @entity19 , indicating that @entity19153 /D4-independent mechanisms contribute to @entity413 transport in skeletal muscle.

title: Role of the @entity19152 isoform in @entity519 -stimulated XXXX transport in glycolytic skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) added to @entity910 ( @entity910 ), or graded exercise therapy (GET) added to @entity910 , are more effective in reducing @entity1295 and improving physical function than both adaptive pacing therapy (APT) plus @entity910 and @entity910 alone for @entity5815 . We investigate putative treatment mechanisms. METHODS: We did a planned secondary mediation analysis of the @entity13379 trial comparing @entity910 alone or @entity910 plus APT with @entity910 plus CBT and @entity910 plus GET for @entity1 with @entity5815 . 641 @entity1 were recruited from six specialist @entity5815 clinics in the UK National Health Service between March 18, 2005, and Nov 28, 2008. We assessed mediation using the product of coefficients method with the 12 week measure of the mediators and the 52 week measure of the outcomes. The primary outcomes were @entity1295 measured by the Chalder @entity1295 scale and physical function measured by the physical function subscale of the SF-36. We included confounder covariates and used treatment by mediator interaction terms to examine differences in mediator-outcome relations by treatment group. FINDINGS: The largest mediated effect for both CBT and GET and both primary outcomes was through fear avoidance beliefs with an effect of larger magnitude for GET (standardised effects *10, CBT vs APT, @entity1295 -1  22, 95% CI -0  52 to -1  97, physical function 1  54, 0  86 to 2  31; GET vs APT, @entity1295 -1  86, -0  80 to -2  89, physical function 2  35, 1  35 to 3  39). Increase in exercise tolerance (6 min walk distance) was a potent mediator of the effect of GET (vs APT, @entity1295 -1  37, 95% CI -0  76 to -2  21, physical function 1  90, 1  10 to 2  91), but not CBT. INTERPRETATION: Our main finding was that fear avoidance beliefs were the strongest mediator for both CBT and GET. Changes in both beliefs and behaviour mediated the effects of both CBT and GET, but more so for GET. The results support a treatment model in which both beliefs and behaviour play a part in perpetuating @entity717 in @entity5815 . FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council, Department of Health for England, Scottish Chief Scientist Office, Department for Work and Pensions, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London.

title: Rehabilitative therapies for @entity5815 : a secondary mediation analysis of the XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['specialist medical care', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and disability']

answer: @entity13379 :: (5045,Gene) :: ['PACE']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity3580 are rare malignant @entity5 arising predominantly at the sacrum and skull base. They are uniformly lethal unless treated with aggressive resection and proton beam irradiation. The authors present results of the surgical management of a large number of @entity1 with clivus @entity3580 . Factors that influence the surgeon's ability to achieve radical @entity5 resection are also evaluated. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2005, 71 @entity1 with clivus @entity3580 underwent surgery. The average follow-up was 66 months (median 60 months, range 3-189 months). Sixty-five @entity1 had complete records that were analyzed in the present report. Thirty-five percent of them had undergone surgery before being treated by the authors. They were evaluated with MR imaging and CT scanning and underwent surgery utilizing a variety of skull base techniques aimed at achieving radical excision. Many also underwent postoperative radiation, usually in the form of proton beam therapy. The @entity1 were followed up with serial imaging at regular intervals as well as with neurological evaluation. RESULTS: Radical @entity5 resection was achieved in 58% of the group. The overall 5-year survival rate was 75%. Radical resection had a positive impact on survival. The ability to achieve radical resection was dependent on the preoperative @entity5 volume and the number of anatomical areas involved by the @entity5 . @entity129 and @entity5254 were the most frequent @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: Radical excision is the ideal surgical goal in the treatment of clival @entity3580 and can be achieved with reasonable risks. Several different surgical approaches may be necessary to accomplish this.

title: @entity3580 : clinical management, results, and complications in 71 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Cranial nerve impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['CSF leakage']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['Chordomas', 'chordomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Echinacea has antiviral activity against @entity683 viruses in vitro and has traditionally been used for treatment of colds and flu. OBJECTIVES: This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, controlled clinical trial compared a new echinacea formulation with the @entity689 inhibitor @entity684 , the gold standard treatment for @entity683 . METHODS: Following informed consent, 473 @entity1 with early @entity683 symptoms ( <=48 hours) were recruited in primary care in the Czech Republic and randomized to either 5 days of @entity684 followed by 5 days of placebo, or 10 days of an Echinacea purpurea-based formulation called Echinaforce Hotdrink (A. Vogel Bioforce AG, Roggwil, Switzerland). The proportion of recovered @entity1 ( @entity683 symptoms rated as absent or mild in the evening) was analyzed for noninferiority between treatment groups using a generalized Wilcoxon test with significance level a = 0.05 (2-sided) and using a CI approach in the per-protocol sample. RESULTS: Recovery from illness was comparable in the 2 treatment groups at 1.5% versus 4.1% after 1 day, 50.2% versus 48.8% after 5 days, and 90.1% versus 84.8% after 10 days of treatment with Echinaforce Hotdrink and @entity684 , respectively. Noninferiority was demonstrated for each day and overall (95% CI, 0.487-0.5265 by generalized Wilcoxon test). Very similar results were obtained in the group with virologically confirmed @entity778 and in a retrospective analysis during the peak @entity683 period. The incidence of complications was lower with Echinaforce Hotdrink than with @entity684 (2.46% vs 6.45%; P = 0.076) and fewer adverse events (particularly @entity390 and @entity391 ) were observed with Echinaforce Hotdrink. CONCLUSIONS: Echinaforce Hotdrink is as effective as @entity684 in the early treatment of clinically diagnosed and virologically confirmed @entity778 with a reduced risk of complications and adverse events. It appears to be an attractive treatment option, particularly suitable for self-care.  Clinical trial identifier: Eudra-CT: 2010-021571-88. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2015; 77:66-72).

title: Effect of an Echinacea-Based Hot Drink Versus XXXX in Influenza Treatment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Multicenter, Noninferiority Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza virus infections']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity684 :: (MESH:D053139,Chemical) :: ['Oseltamivir']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although central venous catheters (CVCs) are essential to @entity5 care, complications are common (eg, occlusion, central line-associated @entity281 [CLABSI]). @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) and external CVCs are associated with an increased complication risk, but their interaction is unknown. METHODS: A retrospective matched cohort study of pediatric oncology @entity1 who received @entity3147 through subcutaneous ports or external CVCs. Complication rates were compared between CVC types during @entity3147 and @entity3147 periods (log-negative binomial model). RESULTS: Risk of CLABSI was higher during @entity3147 for @entity1 with ports (relative risk [RR] = 39.6; 95% confidence interval, 5.0-309) or external CVCs (RR = 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.4). This increased risk during @entity3147 was greater for ports than for external CVCs (ratio of relative risks = 13.6). Occlusion risk was higher during @entity3147 in both groups (RR = 10.0 for ports; RR = 2.0 for external CVCs), and the increase was significantly greater in ports (ratio of relative risks, 4.9). Overall, complication rates for ports were much lower than for external CVCs during the @entity3147 period but similar during the @entity3147 period. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity5 who receive @entity3147 have increased risk of @entity432 . The risk increase is greatest in @entity1 with ports: a 40- and 10-fold increase in infection risk and occlusion, respectively, resulting in similar complication rates during @entity3147 regardless of CVC type and negating the usual benefits of ports. @entity1 with @entity5 who will require @entity3147 should have primary insertion of external CVCs where possible.

title: Catheter-Related Complications in XXXX With @entity5 Receiving Parenteral Nutrition: Change in Risk Is Moderated by Catheter Type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'Parenteral nutrition', 'non-PN']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['CLABSI and occlusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: @entity1313 are one of the most lethal and difficult to treat. Their treatment is limited by the inadequate delivery of antitumor drugs to the @entity5 . In order to overcome this limitation, the possibility of the nose-brain direct transport pathway was evaluated using @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) as a model antitumor agent. The direct transport of nasal @entity1500 to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined by comparing the concentration of @entity1500 in the plasma and the CSF after intraperitoneal (IP) and intranasal (IN) administrations. The brain uptake of @entity1500 was evaluated based on a multiple-time/graphical analysis by measuring the concentration of @entity1500 in the plasma and in the brain. The feasibility of nasal chemotherapy was examined by three nasal dosings of @entity1500 to @entity5 -bearing @entity35 in vivo at two day intervals with peritoneal application as a positive control. @entity1500 showed a significant inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth of 9L @entity11 cells with 50% growth inhibitory concentration at 7.99 ng/mL. The pharmacokinetic studies clarified the significant direct transport of @entity1500 from nasal cavity both to the CSF and to the brain. Nasal chemotherapy with @entity1500 significantly reduced the @entity5 weight as compared to nontreatment control and IP group. The strategy to utilize the nose-brain direct transport can be applicable to a new therapeutic system not only for @entity1313 but also for other @entity6220 such as @entity179 .

title: Transnasal delivery of XXXX to @entity1313 in @entity35 : a new strategy for @entity1313 chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disorders']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: A preliminary Phase I evaluation of macrophage activating factor ( @entity16408 ) derived from the partially purified supernatant of @entity1 RPMI-1788 lymphoblastoid cell line was performed in 4 parts in 39 @entity1 with @entity5 . The first two parts used subcutaneous routes of administration and the second two parts used a 4-h intravenous infusion method. Individual doses ranged from 0.1 ml (1.7 mg protein) to 100 ml (1,700 mg protein). Subcutaneous dose was limited by the volume of administered material, and an attempt to use a concentrate of the supernatant resulted in severe local skin reactions. Larger doses given intravenously were well tolerated. Resultant @entity137 was mild and consisted of transient @entity221 and chills. One @entity1 with @entity320 had a complete response of a 3-cm skin metastasis; one @entity1 with @entity0 had disappearance of a skin nodule while visceral disease progressed; and one @entity1 with @entity4812 had resolution of a @entity3169 . Treatment in many @entity1 was associated with an increase in absolute peripheral lymphocytes. In the high-dose intravenous group, a statistically significant increase in the phagocytic index of peripheral blood leukocytes was noted. Lymphoblastoid @entity16408 appears to be relatively safe to administer and has promise both as an antitumor agent and in the treatment of other altered immune conditions.

title: Phase I clinical trial of an XXXX -containing lymphoblastoid cell line supernatant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival lesion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity16408 :: (4094,Gene) :: ['MAF']


abstract: @entity3619 is traditionally treated with @entity288 , or @entity288 with @entity500 . These drug therapies require long treatment periods and are associated with many debilitating @entity137 . Five @entity1 with type I @entity3619 , and one with a probable overlap syndrome were treated with @entity205 . All @entity1 had previously undergone treatment with @entity288 or @entity288 with @entity500 and had failed to achieve total remission. In addition, all @entity1 had significant side effects associated with therapy. Five of six @entity1 normalized or near normalized @entity493 aminotransferase levels within 10 weeks of starting @entity205 therapy. Biochemical remission was sustained for periods of up to 1 year in all primary @entity205 responders as long as therapeutic @entity205 levels were maintained. All responders had symptomatic improvement. Post-treatment liver biopsy was performed in three @entity1 and histologic improvement was demonstrated in all cases. @entity205 appears to be a viable alternative to @entity228 / @entity500 therapy for @entity3619 in @entity1 who experience an incomplete response or who cannot tolerate the side effects of standard therapy.

title: @entity205 in the management of corticosteroid-resistant type I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis', 'autoimmune chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['autoimmune chronic active hepatitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Current grading system in application by WHO/ISUP divides @entity5 in low and high grade by morphologic criteria while strict segregation may become cumbersome in limited tissue specimens. As grading these @entity189 are of utmost prognostic significance after depth of invasion, therefore we evaluated the role of immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 and @entity2225 as an adjuctive tool in grading @entity189 . METHODS: The study was conducted in Aga khan university hospital, Histopathology section from December 2010 till June 2011 for duration of six months. It involved 95 cases of @entity189 diagnosed on trans-uretheral resection specimens of bladder growth. Immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 and @entity2225 was performed according to standard protocols and correlated with grade and depth of invasion. RESULTS: There were 48 cases (50.5%) of low grade and 47 cases (49.5%) of high grade @entity189 included in the study. Male to female ratio was 4.3:1. Majority of @entity1 (80%) were seen in 45 to 90  years age group. Diffuse positive expression of cytokerain 20 was noted in 33 cases (68.8%) of high grade and 19 (40.4%) low grade @entity5 . Strong positive expression of @entity876 was seen in 35 cases (72.9%) of high grade while only 17 cases (36.2%) of low grade @entity5 showed strong @entity876 expression. CONCLUSION: Significant difference in expression of @entity2225 and @entity876 was found between low and high grade @entity189 . Therefore we suggest combined use of these markers may be helpful in assigning grade to @entity189 especially when histologic features are borderline.

title: Diagnostic utility of XXXX and @entity2225 immunohistochemical expression grading @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'urothelial malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2225 :: ('54474', 'Gene') :: ['Cytokeratin 20', 'cytokeratin 20']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'urothelial carcinomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of @entity5689 in @entity1 fetal lung fibroblasts induced by @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ). METHODS: @entity1 fetal lung fibroblasts (HFLF) were cultured in vitro, and exposed to @entity2533 with different final concentrations (2, 5, 10 microg/L). Cells without @entity2533 exposure served as the control. @entity5689 mRNA and protein, collagen-I and alpha-SMA proteins in cell (at least 5 x 10(8)) lysates, were detected at different points after the treatment of @entity2533 , by RT-PCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemistry. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare data among groups, and linear regression was established for correlation analysis. RESULTS: @entity2533 reduced @entity5689 mRNA and protein expressions in a dose- and time-dependent manner, measured by integral optical density. Compared with the control group (1.22 +/- 0.12 and 1.45 +/- 0.06), @entity5689 mRNA and protein expressions (0.59 +/- 0.06 and 0.53 +/- 0.04) were significantly reduced, with statistical significance (F = 29.279 and F = 95.786, P < 0.01), in cells exposed to @entity2533 (5 microg/L) for 12 h. The collagen-I and alpha-SMA protein expressions (1.35 +/- 0.09 and 0.75 +/- 0.06) measured by integral optical density increased after stimulation, peaked at 24 h in 5 microg/L @entity2533 group. At that time point, the collagen-I and alpha-SMA protein expressions were 4.2 and 4.8 times of the control group (0.28 +/- 0.04 and 0.18 +/- 0.04), F = 81.221 and F = 65.477, P < 0.01. @entity5689 expression had a negative correlation with collagen-I (r = -0.923, P < 0.05) and alpha-SMA protein expression (r = -0.793, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The reduced @entity5689 , which was negatively correlated with expressions of collagen-I and alpha-SMA proteins in HFLF cells exposed to @entity2533 , may be related to the development and progress of @entity3794 .

title: [Expression of @entity5689 in XXXX fetal lung fibroblasts].

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta(1)', 'TGF-beta(1)']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5689 :: ('857', 'Gene') :: ['caveolin-1, collagen-I and alpha-SMA', 'Caveolin-1', 'caveolin-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adopting thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in clinical practice presents many challenges. One major factor is the restrictive time window of 0-3 hours after symptom onset, for the commencement of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of a newly developed plasminogen activator ( @entity1 tissue @entity2290 [HTUPA]) for the treatment of acute @entity64 within 5 hours of symptom onset. DESIGN: An open-label, dose escalation trial. The initial dose was 0.3 mg/kg and could be increased or decreased depending on tolerability. SETTING: Three teaching hospitals in Taiwan. @entity1 : Thirty-three @entity1 who presented with National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) scores of between 9 and 20, who had evidence of @entity64 confirmed by CT. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Efficacy was assessed by the NIHSS, the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ), the Barthel Index and the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Preliminary efficacy endpoints included major neurological improvement at 24 hours and favourable outcome at 90 days after administration of HTUPA. RESULTS: Of the 33 @entity1 who received HTUPA, 29 received 0.3 mg/kg, 3 received 0.35 mg/kg and 1 received 0.4 mg/kg. Major neurological improvement, defined as improvement of > or =4 points on the NIHSS 24 hours after treatment, was observed in 45% of all @entity1 treated (15/33) and in 48% (14/29) of those treated with 0.3 mg/kg. Ninety days after symptom onset, in those who received HTUPA 0.3 mg/kg, the proportion of @entity1 with a favourable outcome was 34% on the NIHSS (< or =1), 45% on the @entity2653 (0 or 1), 41% on the Barthel Index (> or =95) and 45% on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (1). Eighty six percent of the @entity1 treated with 0.3 mg/kg within 0-3 hours of symptom onset reached scores of 0-1 on both the NIHSS and the @entity2653 . CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 50% of @entity1 treated with HTUPA 0.3 mg/kg within a 5-hour window after symptom onset experienced major neurological improvement within 24 hours of drug administration. Thrombolytic agents, in this case HTUPA, may be suitable for Taiwanese or Asian @entity1 with acute @entity64 who meet the inclusion criteria.

title: Preliminary efficacy report of a novel thrombolytic agent for acute XXXX within a 5-hour window.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Modified Rankin Scale', 'MRS']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase type plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whole-body vibration training using vertical-vibration machines is called "acceleration training" ( @entity11139 ). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of @entity11139 on lower-limb muscular strength and power, functional mobility and self-reported knee function in middle-aged and older Japanese @entity1 with @entity158 . METHODS: Thirty-eight middle-aged and older Japanese @entity1 (aged 50-73years) with @entity158 were divided into two groups: (1) the @entity11139 group (n=29) engaged in @entity11139 three times per week for eightweeks, and (2) the control group (C group, n=9). The @entity11139 program consisted of flexibility training, strength training of mainly the quadriceps and surrounding muscles and cool-down exercises. The C group was encouraged to perform the same or similar exercises at home without vibratory stimulus. We evaluated knee strength and power, functional mobility (timed up and go: TUG) and self-reported knee function (Japanese @entity626 Measure: JKOM). RESULTS: No one in the @entity11139 group dropped out during the program. All JKOM categories except degree of @entity158 improved significantly post intervention indicating improved knee function, and TUG was significantly shorter in these @entity1 . All knee strength and power parameters except isometric knee extension peak torque improved significantly. The degree of change in JKOM total score and TUG was significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Vibratory stimulus during an eight week @entity11139 programme can promote participation and safely improve functional mobility and self-reported knee function better than exercise without vibratory stimulus in middle-aged and older Japanese @entity1 with @entity158 . Level of evidence: level 2.

title: Effects of whole-body vibration exercise on muscular strength and power, functional mobility and self-reported knee function in middle-aged and older Japanese XXXX with @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'knee pain']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity5 of the small intestine are rare; 15-20% of the cases are @entity706 from B or T cells. Higher Incidence occurs in @entity1 between 21 and 50 years. The clinical symptoms are @entity158 , @entity1321 , @entity294 , @entity548 or perforated @entity298 . In @entity1893 , the cells are large and pleomorphic, with immunoblastic and plasmacytoid features, and immunopositive for alpha chain immunoglobulins. We reported the case of a 56-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity490 associated with intestinal perforation. Resections of a 9-centimetres-long segment in the small intestine was performed, which was covered by purulent plaques, with a perforation of 5 mm, surrounded by a greyish-white thick intestinal wall. It can be observed in the microscopy a proliferation of neoplastic cells arranged diffusely and with frequent mitosis. Large areas of immunoblastic and plasmacytoid configuration were evident. The immunomarcation was consistent with a @entity706 of large cells, immunophenotype B, with plasmacytoid development. We highlighted the clinical presentation like acute @entity490 and its clinical and pathological characteristics, especially in the plasmacytoid development that should differ of the true @entity6872 .

title: [Small intestinal plasmacytoid @entity706 . Clinical presentation with acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'extranodal lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmocytoma']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 107 Background: The multidisciplinary approach to @entity0 care provides a coordinated mechanism for evaluating and treating new @entity1 . Improving the structure of clinic models may further enhance the delivery of @entity5 care. METHODS: In May 2013, multi-team (MT) clinics were introduced in the breast center at the University of Texas @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center. Local @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 were scheduled to be seen in a MT clinic with testing coordinated for the same day. @entity1 cases were first reviewed and examined concurrently by physicians from each discipline (surgical, medical, radiation), followed by sequential visits with each clinician for a more detailed discussion. The goal of this program was to determine whether a highly integrated multidisciplinary clinic model would improve the efficient delivery of @entity5 treatment. RESULTS: From 5/2013 - 5/2014, 211 newly diagnosed and untreated @entity0 @entity1 were seen in the MT clinic. Clinical metrics were reviewed retrospectively and compared to newly diagnosed and untreated @entity1 who entered the clinic using the standard model (non-MT @entity1 ) (n=1944). Please see Table for details of the data. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-team clinics improved clinical metrics leading to efficiency and timeliness of access. The model enriched for a population of @entity1 who were more likely to receive treatment within the breast center, utilize institutional resources, and enroll into clinical trials. [Table: see text].

title: Effect of a new model for XXXX care on clinical metrics leading to efficiency and timeliness of access.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['multidisciplinary breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1466 is the most aggressive, malignant form of @entity1469 and has varying incidence, increasing in @entity1 older than 40 years. It usually develops after a malignant alteration in a molar pregnancy, but rarely after an abortion or normal or ectopic pregnancies. The most common localization is the uterus, but it can also be found rarely in the @entity5274 , vagina, vulva, cervix or pelvic region. A 38-year-old multiparous @entity1 , with no complications in three previous labors and four miscarriages, presented to her gynecologist one year after the last miscarriage complaining of abnormal @entity3556 . Clinical examinations showed normal ultrasound and histopathology findings. Blood analysis demonstrated moderate @entity417 and low elevated serum b- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin. Due to profuse @entity548 and @entity417 after the curettage, the medical council decided that a total hysterectomy should be performed. Macroscopic examination of the post-operative material showed regular morphology of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. However, a whitish @entity75 with a maximum diameter of 22 mm was noted in a longitudinal section of the cervix. Using standard histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis, a cervical @entity7132 was diagnosed. Knowledge of the characteristics of the @entity1466 is very important for accurate diagnosis and treatment, especially when the @entity5 is localized on the rare locations and where a high level of serum b- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin is absent.

title: XXXX of the cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7132 :: ('MESH:D031954', 'Disease') :: ['gestational choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Choriocarcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brown lesion']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['ovaries, fallopian tubes']

answer: @entity7132 :: (MESH:D031954,Disease) :: ['Gestational choriocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated the relationship between @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and @entity12828 after @entity384 . METHODOLOGY: We studied the rate of @entity788 and @entity12828 after @entity384 for @entity2877 in 64 symptomatic @entity1 . @entity788 was defined as @entity158 combined with at least a 3-fold rise in serum amylase at 24 hours after @entity384 . @entity12828 was defined as a rise in serum amylase (normal range, 50 to 160 IU/L) without @entity158 . RESULTS: The stones were successfully pushed out into the duodenum in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 developed post- @entity384 @entity788 , graded moderate in one and mild in two. Serum amylase values were elevated over the normal upper limit in 21 @entity1 , 33%, over 3-fold in 10, 16% over 1000 IU/L in 6, 9%. @entity12828 was observed in 18 @entity1 . The amylase value after @entity384 was elevated to more than 160 IU/L in 44% (17/39) of @entity1 80 years old or under vs. 16% (4/25) of @entity1 older than 80 and in 23% (10/44) of @entity1 with intrahepatic bile duct dilatation on admission vs. 55% (11/20) of @entity1 without it, with a significant difference, respectively (p<0.05). The amylase value after @entity384 was elevated to more than 1000 IU/L in 15% (6/39) of @entity1 80 years old or under vs. 0% (0/25) of @entity1 older than 80 and in 29% (4/14) of @entity1 with bile duct stones having a horizontal diameter of 8mm or smaller and 4% (2/50) of @entity1 with stones larger than 8mm (p < 0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We believe that postoperative continuous decompression of the bile duct by @entity384 is reliable and that it contributed to the prevention of severe @entity788 . We conclude that @entity384 can be performed more safely in symptomatic @entity1 older than 80 with @entity2877 with intrahepatic bile duct dilatation at the time of admission.

title: @entity12828 induced by XXXX for symptomatic @entity2877 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['PPBD', 'percutaneous papillary balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['hyperamylasemia', 'asymptomatic hyperamylasemia', 'Asymptomatic hyperamylasemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['percutaneous papillary balloon dilatation']


abstract: Time relations among @entity130 , @entity358 , and lung function were studied in @entity1707 . Eleven animals (b.w. 25-30 kg) were investigated under balanced anesthesia. Ventilation was mechanically controlled. Hemodynamics, pulmonary ventilation, and gas exchange were serially recorded. Seven animals were pretreated with 40% @entity1068 in saline and four with saline only. Ninety minutes after the ingestion of @entity167 or saline, the animals were subjected to a standardized soft-tissue @entity130 . Cardiac output decreased significantly 2 minutes after @entity130 and remained low in both groups throughout the observation period of 30 minutes. Pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly increased in the @entity167 -pretreated group but was virtually unchanged in the control animals. Systemic vascular resistance was similarly reduced in the two groups. Total compliance was somewhat lower in @entity167 -pretreated animals and 10 minutes after the @entity130 arterial @entity26 tension was significantly lower in the @entity167 group than in control animals. @entity544 elimination was reduced after @entity130 in both groups. It is concluded that pulmonary vascular response increased and that total pulmonary compliance is somewhat decreased shortly after @entity130 in the @entity167 group while gas exchange is almost unchanged. The results indicate a negative interaction between @entity167 and @entity130 .

title: Early post-traumatic changes in hemodynamics and pulmonary ventilation in XXXX -pretreated @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and systemic circulation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For the purpose of studying renal side-effects induced by antineoplastic agents, the authors examined @entity8 as well as @entity810 of @entity1 with chemotherapy. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 underwent a combined total of 64 courses of chemotherapy. Urinary albumin, @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ), @entity10814 ( @entity10814 ) and urinary protein were measured before and serially after chemotherapy. RESULTS: The values of albumin/ @entity1011 (albumin/cre) ratio and @entity2263 -MG/ @entity1011 ( @entity2263 -MG/cre) ratio after chemotherapy were higher than those before chemotherapy (P <0.01). @entity10814 / @entity1011 ( @entity10814 /cre) ratio and @entity1011 clearance (Ccr) were not different. These were also examined before the next course of chemotherapy and were compared with those of control @entity1 . Albumin/cre ratio was significantly different (P <0.01). @entity2262 /cre ratio and @entity10814 /cre were not different. Furthermore, in @entity1 with normal @entity2263 -MG/cre, the albumin/cre ratio was significantly higher than in control @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that antineoplastic agents can not only induce @entity4434 but also @entity8 , which is persistent and independent of @entity4434 .

title: @entity8 , independent of XXXX , induced by antineoplastic chemotherapy in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular dysfunction', 'glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-MG', 'beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity10814 :: ('10724', 'Gene') :: ['NAG', 'N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['tubular injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['tubular dysfunction']

answer: @entity4434 :: (MESH:D005198,Disease) :: ['tubular dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize Doppler waveform variables (early systolic acceleration [ESA] and systolic/diastolic mean velocity ratios [Sm/Dm]) of the @entity432 ( @entity432 ) by color Doppler imaging (CDI) in eyes with @entity725 ( @entity725 ). METHODS: Analysis of CDI examinations of the retrobulbar circulation of @entity1 with @entity725 (n = 102), normal tension @entity726 (NTG, n = 89), and healthy controls (n = 59) by a condition-masked investigator. One-way ANOVA, chi-square, and Spearman's rank correlation tests were used to determine differences, establish comparisons, and to explore associations between variables, respectively. RESULTS: The overall Doppler waveform presented a shift to the right in the @entity726 groups, with significantly lower Sm/Dm ratios when compared to the control group (healthy: 2.94    0.86, @entity725 : 2.60    0.67, NTG: 2.63    0.84; P = 0.01). ESA was significantly lower in the @entity726 groups (healthy: 688.8    484 cm  s(-2), @entity725 : 548.1    419 cm  s(-2), NTG: 548.5    337 cm  s(-2); P = 0.03). No statistical differences were, however, detected in the @entity432 velocities or resistance index (P ranged between 0.08 and 0.96). In the @entity726 groups, waveform parameters such as ESA, acceleration time, and systolic mean velocities correlated with systemic blood pressure variables (P < 0.05). In these groups, negative correlations were detected between Sm/Dm ratios and the degree of @entity227 ( @entity725 : P = 0.01; r = -0.25) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (NTG: P = 0.02; r = -0.25). CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of blood flow velocities in the @entity432 throughout the cardiac cycle seems to be altered in @entity726 @entity1 . Further studies on how systemic blood pressure affects waveform variables in @entity726 @entity1 may provide a better understanding of an underlying @entity455 .

title: Ophthalmic artery Doppler waveform changes associated with increased damage in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Ophthalmic Artery']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endothelins (ETs) are important regulators of the hepatic microcirculation. We investigated the pure biological roles of endothelin B receptors (ETB-Rs) on hepatic warm @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury using ETB-R deficient spotting lethal (sl) @entity35 . METHODS: Homozygous (sl/sl) and wild-type (+/+) @entity35 were exposed to 60 min of 92% partial @entity99 and then were killed at 2, 6, and 24 h, and 3 and 7 days after reperfusion. We measured the serum @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) levels to assess hepatocyte injury, and the serum hyaluronic acid (HA) levels and factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg) staining to assess sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) injury. We also measured the concentrations of ET-1 and @entity3542 ( @entity6836 ) and @entity1507 ( @entity8326 ) of liver tissue samples. RESULTS: Although no significant difference was observed in the ALT levels, the HA levels were significantly elevated at an early stage after reperfusion in the sl/sl @entity35 . Regarding FVIIIRAg staining, positive SECs were enhanced in the sl/sl @entity35 . The ET-1 levels were also significantly elevated at an early stage after reperfusion in the sl/sl @entity35 . Regarding the @entity6836 - and @entity8326 - levels, no significant difference was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity10932 was shown to have a protective effect on SECs through the inhibition of ET-1 during hepatic warm I/R injury.

title: Possible protection of sinusoidal endothelial cells by XXXX during hepatic warm @entity63 -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity10932 :: (50672(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['endothelin B receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2023 is associated with reports of @entity4838 , but there are few formal investigations. @entity1 with diminished smell function frequently have @entity480 or @entity1244 , making it difficult to separate the impact of @entity2023 from the effects of these other problems. OBJECTIVE: The goals of this descriptive study were to establish the prevalence of positive skin tests in @entity1 reporting @entity2490 and @entity4838 , and to assess olfactory function and the results of skin testing in a @entity1 group with @entity2490 but without concomitant @entity1244 or @entity480 . METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 reporting @entity4838 and @entity2490 were examined by history, physical examination, olfactory testing, skin testing with @entity9590 , endoscopic rhinoscopy, and CT scan of the paranasal sinuses. RESULTS: Seventy-one percent of all the subjects had at least one positive skin test, 69% to a perennial allergen, and 58% to mite. Eighty-two percent of the 28 subjects with @entity2490 but no evidence of @entity1127 or @entity1244 had positive tests. The mean olfactory score for this @entity2490 group was 4.35, consistent with moderate @entity9905 . The mean olfactory score of 34 subjects with @entity1127 and/or chronic @entity1244 was 0.61, consistent with anosmia, and significantly lower (P < .001). Sixty-two percent of this group had positive skin tests. CONCLUSION: These subjects who experienced @entity4838 and @entity2490 appeared to have a high prevalence of @entity2023 as suggested by the number of positive skin tests. Olfactory loss was observed in @entity1 without @entity1127 or @entity1244 , which suggests that allergic processes may have affected olfactory function.

title: XXXX and @entity4838 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'chronic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory loss', 'olfactory deficiency']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial and seasonal allergens']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['Allergic rhinitis']