abstract: Serum concentrations of angiogenic factors have been reported to correlate with @entity5 burden and prognosis in @entity320 . The present study was performed to assess the value of angiogenic factors in serum in indicating response or failure to chemotherapy and immunochemotherapy in stage IV @entity320 . Thirty-five @entity1 suffering from stage IV @entity320 according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria were included in this prospective study. Before and following chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy, serum levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB), @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) were measured. Staging examinations following chemotherapy revealed 15 @entity1 with response to therapy (complete response, partial response, stable disease), 14 @entity1 with @entity74 and six @entity1 with mixed response. @entity1 who responded to therapy showed a significant decrease in the serum level of @entity687 at the time of staging examinations, whereas @entity1 with @entity74 did not. Following chemotherapy, serum concentrations of PDGF-AB had significantly decreased in both @entity1 with response and @entity1 with @entity74 . Comparing the @entity7 and @entity540 levels of responders and non-responders after a single administration of cytostatics showed significantly lower concentrations in @entity1 with response to therapy. In all @entity1 , a high intra- and inter-individual variability of serum values was observed during application of therapy. It can be concluded that low @entity687 serum levels after chemotherapy indicate response to chemotherapy in stage IV @entity320 @entity1 . The persistence of elevated serum levels of @entity7 and @entity540 following the initial cytostatic administration may help to identify @entity1 resistant to chemotherapy. The distinct variability of serum levels indicates that processes other than @entity5 angiogenesis also influence the serum concentration of the examined angiogenic factors.

title: Decline in angiogenic factors, such as @entity687 , indicates response to chemotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of @entity5834 ingestion on physical performance after prolonged endurance exercise. Twenty three trained male volunteers participated in a 40-km march and were divided into two groups, matched for @entity5834 clearance rate and aerobic capacity. The experimental group ingested, prior to the march, a caffeinated drink at a dose of 5 mg.kg-1 body mass and at the 3rd and 5th h of marching an additional drink at a dose of 2.5 mg.kg-1 body mass. The control group ingested a drink of equal volume at the same times. Upon termination of the march each subject performed a cycle ergometer test at an intensity of 90% maximal @entity26 consumption. Time to exhaustion and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Blood samples were drawn predrink, at the 3rd and 5th h of marching and immediately after the cycle ergometer test, and were analysed for @entity5834 , free @entity1718 (FFA), @entity880 and @entity413 levels. Plasma FFA levels increased during the march (p less than 0.05), with no significant difference between groups. @entity880 levels increased in the experimental group (p less than 0.05), with no significant change in the control group. @entity413 levels did not change significantly in either group. After the cycle ergometer test, @entity880 levels were significantly higher in the experimental, as compared to the control group (3.77 +/- 0.33 vs 2.52 +/- 0.35 mmol.l-1, respectively). There was no significant difference between treatments in the time to exhaustion on the cycle ergometer, but RPE was different (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of XXXX ingestion on physical performance after prolonged exercise.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['caffeine']


abstract: The developing uncrossed retinocollicular projection in the @entity329 undergoes a characteristic set of changes during the first 2 postnatal weeks. The retinal fibres, which initially project across the whole superior colliculus, withdraw from the caudal part and their terminals become clustered into deep, discrete clumps rostrally. Coincident with these afferent changes, there is substantial retinal ganglion cell death. To examine whether neuronal activity plays a role in these changes, we made daily injections of the @entity1372 channel blocker @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) into one or both eyes from postnatal day 2 or 4 up to day 12. Following @entity4524 treatment, the uncrossed terminals retracted on schedule from the caudal and superficial parts of the superior colliculus and came to lie, as normal, in the deep layers rostrally. Within the rostral superior colliculus, however, the uncrossed terminals from @entity4524 -injected eyes lost their characteristic patchy distribution and were arranged diffusely. When only one eye received @entity4524 injections, this inhibiting effect on terminal segregation was seen only in the projections from the @entity4524 -treated eye. The effect of @entity4524 treatment on terminal segregation was much less severe than that of unilateral enucleation, after which uncrossed terminals persis throughout the entire superior colliculus. @entity4524 injections appeared to have little effect on overall ganglion cell death since the total number of ganglion cells in the crossed projection from @entity4524 -treated eyes was similar to that in normal eyes. However, the relative distribution of uncrossed cells in temporal and nasal retina was altered. In eyes that received @entity4524 injections, the proportion of uncrossed cells in nasal retina was about 1.6 times that in normal animals and was close to the proportion seen in unilaterally enucleated animals. This increase in the treated eye occurred whether one or both eyes were injected with @entity4524 . We conclude that neuronal activity plays a role in the segregation of uncrossed terminals into discrete clumps in rostral colliculus and in the preferential elimination of uncrossed cells from the nasal retina. The inactive uncrossed projections from @entity4524 -treated eyes showed the greatest degree of disruption. The extent of the disruption was similar whether the crossed input from the other eye was active or inactive. This suggests that the activity-drive interactions between ganglion cells within one eye are more significant than those between the two eyes in shaping the final form of the uncrossed retinocollicular projection.

title: Effects of intraocular tetrodotoxin on the development of the retinocollicular pathway in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Our objectives were to evaluate the evidence with regard to the effectiveness and stability of orthodontic treatment interventions for @entity17431 2 @entity3232 in @entity1 and adolescents. This is a systematic review conducted according to the PRISMA statement. METHODS: The Cochrane Oral Health Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched to November 2011. Relevant conference abstracts were also screened. No language restrictions were applied. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies with at least 20 subjects with @entity17431 2 @entity3232 in which comparisons were made with an untreated @entity17431 2 @entity3232 group, another treated @entity17431 2 @entity3232 group, or neither. For included studies ranked best on the hierarchy of evidence, assessments of methodologic quality and risk of bias were undertaken. Abstracts and, when appropriate, full articles were examined independently by 2 investigators. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. Treatment changes and stability with or without retainers were measured with the following: skeletal, soft tissue, dental, and occlusal changes; gingival health; temporomandibular joint status and related muscular activity; and quality of life. RESULTS: Of the 322 studies identified in the search, 20 met the final inclusion criteria. All had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Highly biased evidence exists with regard to management and stability of @entity17431 2 @entity3232 . Guidelines are proposed based on current evidence.

title: Treatment and stability of class II division 2 @entity3232 in XXXX and adolescents: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity17431 :: ('MESH:D008312', 'Disease') :: ['Class II Division']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In 2002, Caspi and colleagues provided the first epidemiological evidence that genotype may moderate individuals' responses to environmental determinants. However, in a correlational study great care must be taken to ensure the proper estimation of the causal relationship. Here, a randomized experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that the @entity11926 gene promoter polymorphism ( @entity11926 -LPR) interacts with environmental adversity in determining @entity146 using laboratory analogs of real-life conditions. A sample of 57 Caucasian male students of Catalan and Spanish origin was recruited at the University of Barcelona. Ostracism, or social exclusion, was induced as environmental adversity using the Cyberball software. Laboratory aggression was assessed with the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP), which was used as an analog of @entity146 . We also measured @entity146 by means of the reduced version of the Aggression Questionnaire. The @entity11926 -LPR polymorphism showed a significant effect on the number of @entity146 responses in the PSAP (F(1,53) = 4.63, P = 0.03, partial   (2) = 0.08), as well as social exclusion (F(1,53) = 8.03, P = 0.01, partial   (2) = 0.13). Most notably, however, we found that the @entity11926 -LPR polymorphism interacts significantly with social exclusion in order to provoke @entity146 (F(1,53) = 4.42, P = 0.04, partial   (2) = 0.08), remarkably, the low-activity allele of the @entity11926 -LPR polymorphism carriers in the ostracized group show significantly higher aggression scores than the rest. Our results support the notion that gene-environment interactions can be successfully reproduced within a laboratory using analogs and an appropriate design. We provide guidelines to test gene-environment interactions hypotheses under controlled, experimental settings.

title: XXXX genotype, social exclusion and aggression: an experimental test of a gene-environment interaction.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'aggressive', 'aggressiveness', 'antisocial behavior']

answer: @entity11926 :: (4128,Gene) :: ['MAOA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sleeve and wedge bronchial resections without parenchymal resection may represent a surgical option in selected cases of @entity1893 of the airway. We reviewed our experience analyzing the indications, the operative technique, and the results of such operations. METHODS: From 1980 to 2006, we performed 248 bronchoplastic procedures, and 26 of those were bronchoplastic procedures without parenchymal resection for @entity1893 of the airway. There were 17 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 with a mean age of 49.4 years (range 19-74 years). All @entity1 underwent a preoperative bronchoscopic study, which gave indication for such a procedure, and an intraoperative bronchoscopic examination confirming the feasibility and the good quality of the bronchial suture. The bronchial resection involved the @entity825 and the carina (n = 5), the main bronchi (n = 7), the intermediate bronchus (n = 2), the bronchial corner (n = 6), and the lobar bronchus (n = 6). RESULTS: The resection margins were always @entity5 free. There was no operative mortality. The mean hospital stay was 6.7 days (range 4-16 days). One minimal dehiscence and no stenosis of the @entity254 were observed. In 1 case we experienced a granulation that required an endoscopic treatment. The histologic type was @entity4303 (n = 18), mucoepidermoid (n = 2), adenoid cystic (n = 1), @entity83 (n = 2), @entity4607 (n = 1), @entity320 endobronchial @entity3 (n = 1), and glomic @entity5 (n = 1). The mean follow-up was 134 months and no local relapse occurred. CONCLUSION: Bronchoplastic procedures without resection of the lung parenchyma are a suitable and fascinating technique for selected cases of @entity1893 .

title: Sleeve and wedge parenchyma-sparing bronchial resections in XXXX of the bronchial airway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['chondroma']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade endobronchial neoplasms', 'low-grade neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['low-grade neoplasms']


abstract: The jejuno-ileal bypass for @entity353 can hardly be considered a non-specific treatment: 3-4% of the @entity1 develop @entity99 , 1-2% suffer @entity1578 due to massive @entity1560 , rapidly progressing @entity1575 or @entity1575 . @entity1560 is an invariable sequel of this operation. Once the above-mentioned symptoms set in or an incipient @entity82 or @entity82 is diagnosed, immediate restoration of normal passage is required. The intestinal bypass syndrome observed in the @entity1 (fem.) (viz. table 1) does not wholly coincide with the enteral @entity6741 loss syndrome occurring in extensive ileum resection (56) where usually there is no evidence of @entity1560 , icterus, @entity1448 or @entity75 . Animal experiments seem to confirm that the blind loop in the broadest sense of the term is responsible for the sometimes fatal @entity99 . Possibly we are confronted here with a pattern of @entity99 due to toxic nutritive effects similar to @entity82 as a sequel of low-protein and low-calorie intake or to the phenomenon observed in animal experiments. The @entity1448 confirmed by biopsy and chemical methods is a manifestation of these @entity99 . The clinical aspects resemble the @entity5868 that we know in pediatrics. @entity1 have to be carefully selected and informed about possible @entity16 ; a continuous clinical follow-up with biopsy of the hepatic tissue is also indicated.

title: [Liver damage following intestinal by-pass surgery for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Fatty liver', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative damage']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity5868 :: ('MESH:D012202', 'Disease') :: ['Reye syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis', 'hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic damage', 'hepatic disorders', 'chronic hepatic damage']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight reduction']


abstract: Various native and hinge-modified forms of Ig with identical Ids were reacted with an anti-Id mAb, and the resultant immune complexes were analyzed by negative stain immunoelectron microscopy. Complexes were scored for their geometry (linear versus ring complexes) and size (dimer, trimer, etc.). Ring dimers are the thermodynamically most favorable configuration, unless inhibited by steric and/or flexibility constraints. We found ring dimerization to correlate with the length of the upper, but not middle or lower, hinge. In contrast, the geometry and size of complexes of those molecules lacking formal hinges were unpredictable. A hingeless IgG mutant and native IgE readily formed ring dimers. Remarkably, monomeric IgM formed more ring dimers than any of the other Igs tested, including @entity3172 . We also tagged the @entity1334 arms and measured the mean @entity1334 - @entity1334 angles and the degree of angular variation for each type of Ig. Surprisingly, IgM proved the most flexible by this assay. In hinged Igs, there was a correlation between length of the upper hinge and @entity1334 - @entity1334 flexibility. In contrast, we found no correlation between the mean @entity1334 - @entity1334 angle in uncomplexed Igs and their ability to dimerize with anti-Id mAb. These data suggest that the physicochemical methods typically used to evaluate molecular flexibility are often of low predictive value when tested in a functional assay.

title: Comparisons of the ability of human XXXX hinge mutants, IgM, IgE, and IgA2, to form small immune complexes: a role for flexibility and geometry.

answer: @entity3172 :: (3502,Gene) :: ['IgG3']


abstract: A microsporidian, CmM2, was isolated from @entity14870 . The biological characters, molecular analysis and pathogenicity of CmM2 were studied. The spore of CmM2 is long oval in shape and 3.45        0.25       1.68        0.18     m in size, the life cycle includes meronts, sporonts, sporoblasts, and spores, with typical diplokaryon in each stage, propagated in binary fission. There is positive coagulation reaction between CmM2 and the polyclonal antibody of @entity8664 (N.b.). CmM2 spores is binuclear, and has 10-12 polar filament coils. The small subunit ribosomal RNA ( @entity51931 ) gene sequence of CmM2 was obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing, the phylogenetic tree based on @entity51931 sequences had been constructed, and the similarity and genetic distance of @entity51931 sequences were analyzed, showed that CmM2 was grouped in the Nosema clade. The 50% infectious concentration of CmM2 to @entity12638 is 4.72       10(4)    spores   ml(-1) , and the germinative @entity281 rate is 12.33%. The results showed that CmM2 is classified into genus Nosema, as Nosema sp. CmM2, and has a heavy infectivity to @entity12638 . The result indicated as well that it is valuable taxonomic determination for microsporidian isolates based on both biological characters and molecular evidence.

title: Identification of a microsporidian isolate from XXXX and its pathogenicity to @entity12638 .

entities_list: @entity14870 :: ('437488', 'Species') :: ['Cnaphalocrocis medinalis']

entities_list: @entity8664 :: ('MESH:C536108', 'Disease') :: ['Nosema bombycis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity14870 :: (437488,Species) :: ['Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis']


abstract: Randomized clinical trials for @entity1 with invasive @entity364 (IFIs) are often limited or precluded, necessitating alternate sources of information. The Prospective Antifungal Therapy Alliance (PATH Alliance) is a registry that collects data on @entity1 with IFIs at medical centers in North America. @entity1 with a diagnosis of proven or probable IFI are enrolled and followed prospectively for 12 weeks. Using a Web-based electronic data capture and reporting system, the registry collects anonymous data to address end points in epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of IFIs. As of October 2006, 1892 IFIs were observed in 1710 @entity1 enrolled at 22 sites. The most commonly encountered IFIs were caused by Candida spp. (73.0%), presenting predominantly as @entity4963 , followed by Aspergillus spp. (14.8%). A small number of IFIs with uncommon and emerging moulds were observed. Culture remains the main diagnostic tool for most IFIs (91.8%). Antifungal agent choice depended on the fungal species isolated, with @entity2380 being the most frequently administered agent (58.2%). The overall crude 12-week mortality, excluding the @entity1 lost to follow-up, was 43.9%. PATH Alliance is a network of medical institutions gathering significant information about IFIs in North America. Significant trends and treatment practices concerning @entity375 and moulds were observed. As enrollment continues, additional data will be analyzed and published, which will provide valuable information concerning the epidemiology, therapy, and outcomes of IFIs.

title: Presentation of the PATH Alliance registry for prospective data collection and analysis of the epidemiology, therapy, and outcomes of invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Individuals with @entity239 ( @entity239 ) have lower muscle strength and lower pressure @entity158 thresholds ( @entity3445 ). The primary aim of this study was to determine the associations between muscle strength and @entity3445 in adults with @entity239 to test the hypothesis that greater measures of muscle strength would be associated with greater values of @entity3445 . Secondary aims included determining the effects of @entity158 severity and the peak uptake of @entity26 ( @entity4962 ) on the associations between muscle strength and @entity3445 . METHODS: Knee extensor and flexor strength (N=69) was measured in the dominant leg using a dynamometer, and @entity3445 was assessed using an electronic algometer. @entity158 severity was determined using the Multidimensional @entity158 Inventory, and peak VO2 uptake was quantified using an electronically braked cycle ergometer. RESULTS: Univariable linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between @entity3445 (dependent variable) and isometric knee extensor (P<.001), isokinetic (60  /s) knee extensor (P=.002), and isokinetic (60  /s) knee flexor strength (P=.043). In a multiple variable linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, @entity158 severity, body mass index and peak VO2 uptake, a significant association was found between @entity3445 and isometric knee extensor strength (P=.008). In a similar multiple variable analysis, a significant association was found between @entity3445 and isokinetic knee extensor strength (P=.044). CONCLUSION: Greater measures of isometric and isokinetic knee extensor strength were significantly associated with greater values of @entity3445 in both univariable and multiple variable linear regression models. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01253395.

title: Knee extensor strength is associated with pressure XXXX thresholds in adults with @entity239 .

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: A 31-year-old @entity1 presented with a one and half years' history of intermittent right upper quadrant (RUQ) @entity158 , high fever and severely @entity158 , warm and reddish swollen @entity272 on the fingers. @entity697 occurred within 2 weeks after treatment with non-specific antibiotics. Low-grade fever (around 37.5 degrees C) and less @entity158 continued for 6 months after each attack. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scans did not show any abnormality during the attacks. Biopsy of the @entity272 after the second attack revealed @entity1333 . All laboratory studies including rheumatologic serology panel were normal. One month after the complete resolution of the second attack, the @entity1 was observed to have high fever, the same @entity272 on the fingers as at the initial stage, @entity390 and marked @entity490 in the RUQ. Routine laboratory studies including complete blood count, liver function tests and serum amylase and lipase levels were normal. An abdominal CT scan revealed a slight thickening of the gallbladder wall (3.9 mm). Two weeks later, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were performed because of persistent @entity490 . They revealed both biliary tract and pancreatic gland alterations consistent with past @entity255 and @entity788 with coexisting @entity10982 and @entity253 on the neck of the gallbladder.

title: Recurrent XXXX associated with @entity253 and @entity10982 diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography despite normal ultrasound and computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute attack resolution']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity10982 :: ('MESH:C579969', 'Disease') :: ['Phrygian cap anomaly']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful swellings', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sludge']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Juvenile @entity3148 is a frequent form of @entity3762 that is usually and easily controlled by @entity1092 monotherapy. However, @entity3149 is often misdiagnosed, and some drugs, especially @entity2049 and @entity3174 , may have an aggravating effect. OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk of aggravation of @entity3149 in @entity1 treated with @entity2049 and @entity3174 . METHODS: Among 170 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3149 (104 female, 66 male) referred between 1981 and 1998, the authors retrospectively found 40 @entity1 (23%) who had received @entity2049 or @entity3174 (duration of @entity302 at referral, 1 to 34 years; mean +/- SD, 13.8 +/- 8.5 years; follow-up, 3 to 50 years; mean +/- SD, 16.4 +/- 11 years). RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (57.5%) experienced aggravation of @entity410 , whereas 6 (15%) apparently benefited from these drugs. There was no effect in the remaining 11 cases (27.5%). @entity2049 was prescribed to 28 @entity1 : 19 (68%) had aggravated symptoms, including @entity2045 in two; 4 (14%) were improved, one in association with valproate and one in association with valproate and @entity109 . @entity3174 was prescribed in 16 cases: 6 (38%) had aggravation and 2 (12%) were improved, including one in association with phenobarbital. Vigabatrin was given in only one case, in association with @entity2049 , and provoked a mixed absence and @entity2045 . CONCLUSIONS: Among commonly prescribed anticonvulsants, @entity2049 appears to have the strongest aggravating potential in @entity1 with @entity3149 , whereas the aggravating effect of @entity3174 is less prominent. Aggravation was mostly in the form of increased @entity2045 .

title: Do @entity2049 and XXXX aggravate @entity3149 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic status', 'myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

answer: @entity3174 :: (MESH:D010672,Chemical) :: ['phenytoin']


abstract: Using data from Statistics @entity3394 's 1988 and 1993 General Social Survey (GSS), this article examines the incidence and consequences of accidents in @entity3394 and the characteristics of respondents aged 15 and over who were involved in them. In 1993, an estimated 3.9 million Canadians reported that they had been involved in 4.8 million accidents in the previous 12 months. Motor vehicle accidents and sports accidents were the most frequent, each accounting for about 27% of incidents, followed by accidents at work (21%) and at home (14%). Accidents were most common among young @entity1 , particularly @entity1 . However, from 1988 to 1993, there was a decline in the proportion of adults reporting accidents, and the sharpest drop was for the age group most at risk-15- to 24-year-olds. Most of the downturn was attributable to a decrease in the motor vehicle accident rate. Since @entity167 is known to be associated with accidents, reduced consumption during the same period may have been partly responsible for the decline in accident rates. Other factors that may have contributed include stricter enforcement of @entity73 and speed limits, and improvements in automobile safety. Nonetheless, despite the decline in accident rates, the toll taken by accidents reported in 1993 was considerable: 80% of accidents caused @entity130 , and almost half of these resulted in medical attention in a hospital. Overall, 62% of accidents resulted in activity-loss days, and 29% involved bed-disability days. Hospital utilization costs associated with these accidents in 1993 were about  1.5 billion. As well, about one-third of accidents involved out-of-pocket expenses, totalling  791 million. Moreover, accidents continue to be the leading cause of @entity204 among @entity1 under age 44.

title: Accidents in XXXX , 1988 and 1993.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired driving legislation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['personal injury']

answer: @entity3394 :: (MESH:D044483,Disease) :: ['Canada']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) is sometimes difficult to distinguish from @entity8157 ( @entity8157 ) and little is known about its natural history. METHODS: We have performed a retrospective study of 16 @entity1 with @entity1988 , types Va ("pure" @entity1988 ) (8 @entity1 ) and Vb (mesangial proliferation) (8 @entity1 ). Analytical and clinical characteristics were analyzed in each case at the onset of the disease and during follow-up. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis, 7 @entity1 (43%) did not present any extrarenal manifestations of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). @entity1985 was the most common clinical presentation (81%). 14 @entity1 (87%) showed positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA), but at low titres (< 1/300); anti-DNA antibodies were positive only in 3 cases (18%) and hypocomplementemia was observed in 2 (12%). The most relevant histological findings were the presence of Clq deposits (83%) and subendothelial and mesangial deposits. Treatment consisted of corticosteroids, adding immunosuppression when no response was obtained in 2-3 months. In recent years, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) was added before immunosuppression. At the end of the study, 6 @entity1 (42%) developed @entity740 and 8 (58%) renainea with normal renal function. Actuarial renal survival was 100% at 5 years and 75% at 10 years. The evolution towards a non- @entity1985 range @entity644 throughout the follow-up was the only parameter significantly associated with a good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1988 can present without extra-renal symptoms of @entity1252 and even with very poor expression of its serological markers. Almost half of the @entity1 (42%) developed @entity740 . The evolution towards a non- @entity1985 range @entity644 correlated with the maintenance of a normal renal function.

title: [Diagnostic and clinical course features of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus membranous glomerulonephritis', 'LMG']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity8157 :: ('MESH:D015433', 'Disease') :: ['IMG', 'idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus membranous glomerulonephritis']


abstract: The molecular cloning of the t(5;10)(q33;q22) associated with @entity16386 ( @entity1860 ) is reported. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Southern blot, and reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the translocation resulted in an H4/platelet-derived growth factor receptor betaR (PDGFbetaR) fusion transcript that incorporated 5' sequences from H4 fused in frame to 3' PDGFbetaR sequences encoding the transmembrane, WW-like, and @entity669 kinase domains. FISH combined with immunophenotype analysis showed that t(5;10)(q33;q22) was present in @entity16532 (+) and CD14(+) cells but was not observed in CD3(+) or CD19(+) cells. H4 has previously been implicated in pathogenesis of @entity3557 as a fusion partner of @entity7517 . The H4/ @entity7517 fusion incorporates 101 @entity1522 of H4, predicted to encode a @entity368 zipper dimerization domain, whereas the H4/PDGFbetaR fusion incorporated an additional 267 @entity1522 of H4. Retroviral transduction of H4/PDGFbetaR, but not a kinase-inactive mutant, conferred factor-independent growth to @entity19 cells and caused a @entity784 in a @entity19 bone marrow transplantation assay of transformation. Mutational analysis showed that the @entity1472 -terminal H4 @entity368 zipper domain ( @entity1522 55-93), as well as H4 @entity1522 101 to 386, was required for efficient induction of factor-independent growth of @entity19 cells. @entity2340 -to- @entity493 substitutions in the PDGFbetaR WW-like domain at positions 566/593, or @entity669 -to- @entity815 substitutions at PDGFbetaR positions 579/581 impaired factor-independent growth of @entity19 cells. H4/PDGFbetaR is an oncoprotein expressed in t(5;10)(q33;q22) atypical @entity1860 and requires dimerization motifs in the H4 moiety, as well as residues implicated in signal transduction by PDGFbetaR, for efficient induction of factor-independent growth of @entity19 cells. (Blood. 2001;97:3910-3918)

title: H4(D10S170), a gene frequently rearranged in XXXX , is fused to the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta gene in @entity16386 with t(5;10)(q33;q22).

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['Tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity16386 :: ('MESH:D054438', 'Disease') :: ['atypical chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood @entity14822 in @entity1 on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been associated with exposure to protease inhibitors (PIs), particularly @entity486 . First therapy with a non- @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) leads to relatively favourable lipid profiles. We report on medium-term lipid profiles (up to 5 years) for antiretroviral-naive @entity1 starting NNRTI- and PI-based HAART in the Swiss @entity645 Cohort Study. METHODS: Since April 2000, blood samples taken at visits scheduled every 6 months have been analysed for @entity165 and @entity412 concentrations. For 1065 antiretroviral-naive @entity1 starting HAART after April 2000, we estimated changes in concentration over time using multivariate linear regression with adjustment for baseline covariates, use of lipid-lowering drugs and whether the sample was taken in a fasting state. RESULTS: Non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 levels increase with increasing exposure to either PI- or NNRTI-based therapy, HDL @entity165 levels increase and @entity412 levels decrease with increasing exposure to NNRTI-based therapy, whereas @entity412 levels increase with increasing exposure to PI-based therapy. Between NNRTI-based therapies, there is a slight difference in @entity412 levels, which tend to increase with increasing exposure to efavirenz and to decrease with increasing exposure to @entity5198 . Of the three common PI-based therapies, @entity5191 appears to have a relatively favourable lipid profile, with little change with increasing exposure. Of the other two PI therapies, @entity5195 with @entity486 has a more favourable profile than @entity5190 with @entity486 , with smaller increases in both non-HDL @entity165 and @entity1674 and an increase in HDL @entity165 . Increasing exposure to @entity22208 is associated with a decrease in the level of @entity1674 . CONCLUSION: In general, NNRTI-based therapy is associated with a more favourable lipid profile than PI-based therapy, but different PI-based therapies are associated with very different lipid profiles. @entity5191 appears to have a relatively favourable lipid profile. Of the two boosted PI therapies, @entity5195 appears to have a more favourable lipid profile than @entity5190 .

title: Lipid profiles for antiretroviral-naive @entity1 starting PI- and NNRTI-based therapy in the Swiss XXXX cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5191 :: ('MESH:D019888', 'Chemical') :: ['nelfinavir', 'Nelfinavir']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity5190 :: ('MESH:D019469', 'Chemical') :: ['indinavir']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: This study focused on expression of @entity53 receptors (ER) during the estrous cycle. Labeling for @entity7605 or beta antigens and luteinizing hormone (LH) or @entity19610 -subunits was done on freshly dispersed pituitary cells. The lowest expression of @entity7605 and beta was seen in estrus (23% and 12%, respectively). Expression increased to 42-54% of pituitary cells by diestrus. In males, cells with @entity7605 or beta were 37% or 20% of the population, respectively. @entity7605 or beta and gonadotropin antigens were in 6-9% of pituitary cells from male @entity35 . Early in the cycle (estrus and metestrus), less than 5% of pituitary cells expressed @entity7605 or beta with gonadotropins. These values doubled to reach a peak of 10% during proestrus (just before ovulation). These data show that a rise in expression of both @entity7605 and @entity12209 is a part of preovulatory differentiation of pituitary gonadotropes.(J Histochem Cytochem 49:665-666, 2001)

title: Differential expression of XXXX receptors alpha and beta by gonadotropes during the estrous cycle.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity19610 :: ('25447(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) beta']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: The efficacy of short-term immunosuppression in a nerve allograft model was examined by comparing regeneration across peripheral nerve allografts with either temporary (12 weeks) or continuous (30 weeks) @entity205 treatment. One-hundred fifty Lewis @entity35 received 2-cm nerve grafts from allogeneic ACI or syngeneic Lewis @entity35 donors and were allocated to the following groups: allogeneic grafts and continuous @entity205 , with 18 weeks (20 @entity35 ) or 30 weeks (20 @entity35 ) of survival after graft placement; allogeneic grafts and temporary @entity205 , with 12 weeks (10 @entity35 ), 18 weeks (20 @entity35 ), or 30 weeks (20 @entity35 ) of survival; and control @entity35 with allogeneic and syngeneic grafts, no @entity205 , with 12, 18, or 30 weeks (10 @entity35 each) of survival. Functional regeneration across the nerve grafts was serially assessed with walking-track analysis. Endpoint evaluations included electrophysiological, histological, and morphometric studies. Both walking-track and electrophysiological function reached a plateau at a significantly worse level in nonimmunosuppressed allograft recipients than in syngeneic or treated allograft recipients. The group with temporary therapy experienced significant worsening in both motor and electrophysiological function at Week 18, 6 weeks after @entity205 withdrawal, compared to the group with continuous treatment. At Week 30, motor and electrophysiological function in the temporary-treatment group recovered to levels similar to those of the syngeneic and continuous @entity205 groups. Histological assessment of the graft segments from the temporary @entity205 group at 18 weeks showed evidence of rejection, with mononuclear cell infiltration and @entity17 ; morphometric evaluation demonstrated significantly decreased numbers of nerve fibers in the distal host segment. These histological and morphometric changes were no longer present in the nerves from the temporarily immunosuppressed @entity35 at Week 30. Withdrawal of immunosuppression after successful regeneration through nerve allografts results in short-term graft rejection. Eventual restoration of graft histological and function parameters is comparable to continuously immunosuppressed @entity35 . Temporary immunosuppression of nerve allograft recipients is feasible.

title: Comparison of regeneration across nerve allografts with temporary or continuous XXXX immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: The specificity of anatomo-clinical observations were investigated on 776 out of 982 consecutive @entity1 hospitalized at the University Psychiatric Clinic of Geneva. Discriminant function analysis shows that most of the anatomical classes (no @entity303 , @entity195 , @entity195 and @entity195 , @entity1294 , combined @entity303 nnd undefined form of @entity75 ) are at least partially separable (less than 50% overlap). On the basis of anatomical criteria, @entity195 is not separable from @entity195 , and @entity195 is not separable from combined @entity303 . Differentiation between the anatomical classes is improved by a preliminary analysis based on clinical diagnosis. Senile plaques account for 43.4% of the total variation between the anatomical classes. The coefficient of agreement between anatomical and clinical diagnosis is 0.27, which is highly significant. The diagnosis of @entity195 has a poor specificity, while the diagnosis of senile Alzheimerized @entity303 has a better one. The diagnosis of combined @entity303 has to be reserved for cases with a similar intensity of vascular and degenerative changes. @entity195 has a distinct dominant hereditary pattern and must be considered a separate entity. The high specificity of the diagnosis of @entity195 makes it possible to conduct epidemiologic and genetic surveys based on clinical data.

title: Specificity of the clinical diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimerized senile dementia', 'senile dementia', "Alzheimer's presenile dementia"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Staging laparotomy prior to radiotherapy was performed in 70 @entity1 with @entity5 . Biopsy proven para-aortic lymph node @entity3 were found in 16(22.9%) @entity1 . Pelvic lymph node @entity3 were estimated by palpation at laparotomy and 36(51.4%) @entity1 were thought to be positive. Other laparotomy findings were: invasion to the bladder muscle in 14, cul-de-sac @entity3 in 10, adnexal @entity3 in 2, other intrapelvic @entity3 in 3, and positive peritoneal cytology in 9. At laparotomy several hemostatic clips were put on the serosal surfaces of the uterine wall in order to visualize the uterine contour in the localization X-ray films. By this method, six @entity1 were proved to have uterine perforation at the time of small source insertion. Five-year survival rates for each clinical stage were: Stage I, 60%; II, 35.7%; III, 56.8%; and IV 0%. It seems that stage II is worse than stage III, but statistical differences were not found among stages I, II, and III. Three @entity1 with para-aortic @entity3 survived for more than four years. Late radiation complications occurred in 25(35.7%) of the @entity1 . This complication rate was statistically higher than that of the @entity1 who had not undergone staging laparotomy (21.1%).

title: [Evaluation of pre-radiotherapy staging laparotomy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervix cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the uterine cervix']


abstract: The effects of @entity224 dismutase (SOD) on reperfusion-induced @entity2224 (R-VF) were determined in isolated, perfused @entity35 hearts with reperfusion after durations of regional @entity741 ranging from 5 to 37.5 min. SOD (100 U/ml) was perfused during both @entity63 and reperfusion periods. Regional @entity741 was produced by acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Reperfusion after a brief period of @entity63 (8 min) resulted in R-VF in 33% of SOD-perfused hearts as compared with 100% of control hearts that exhibited this @entity943 (p less than 0.05). The incidence of R-VF was not affected by SOD with intermediate duration of @entity63 of 10, 15, and 22.5 min. Reperfusion after a relatively long 30-min period of @entity63 did not result in R-VF in control hearts, but 87% of SOD-treated hearts still exhibited this @entity943 (p less than 0.05). No hearts exhibited R-VF with reperfusion after 37.5 min of @entity63 . Thus, SOD shifted the occurrence of R-VF to longer durations of @entity63 without affecting the peak incidence of this @entity943 . In contrast to effects of SOD on incidence of R-VF, SOD had no effect on onset times of this @entity943 . Nor did SOD affect reperfusion-induced @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), heart rate (HR), or coronary flow. These results suggest that SOD may have delayed onset of electrophysiologic derangements that were specifically responsible for R-VF. SOD may be classified as a modulator of R-VF.

title: Delay of occurrence of reperfusion-induced @entity2224 in the isolated XXXX heart with @entity224 dismutase.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. Regional heterogeneity of endothelial function exists but its role in the local regulation of vascular tone is uncertain. This heterogeneity may be very important in the control of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in which the differential tone in the afferent and efferent arterioles is crucial. 2. When an endothelium-independent vasodilator, @entity4770 (PGI2) or @entity1854 , was infused into anaesthetized @entity95 there were dose-dependent falls in both mean arterial pressure (MAP) and GFR; PGI2 (0.4 nmol kg-1 min-1) altered MAP and GFR by -18.5 +/- 3.6% (mean +/- S.E.M.) and -37.7 +/- 13.3% respectively and @entity1854 (30 nmol kg-1 min-1) by -29.7 +/- 3.1% and -67.0 +/- 2.4%. In contrast infusion of an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) or substance P, produced dose-dependent decreases in MAP but dose-dependent increases in GFR; @entity1617 (10 nmol kg-1 min-1) -15.1 +/- 2.0% and +43.8 +/- 16.5% and substance P (30 nmol kg-1 min-1) -18.7 +/- 1.9% and +45.3 +/- 23.1% respectively. The effects of endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilators on GFR was significantly different (p less than 0.005). 3. Simultaneous administration of @entity3352 , @entity6693 or @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) respectively, attenuated or reversed the effect of @entity1617 (10 nmol kg-1 min-1) on MAP and GFR. 4. These data suggest that endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the kidney has a heterogeneous effect on the renal microvasculature, exerting a preferential effect on afferent glomerular arterioles and thereby preserving GFR despite the fall in MAP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Regional heterogeneity of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the XXXX kidney.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylene Blue']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Younger @entity1 with @entity0 consistently show greater psychological distress than older @entity1 . This study examined a range of factors that might explain these age differences. A total of 653 @entity1 within 8 months of a first-time @entity0 provided data on @entity1 characteristics, symptoms, and psychosocial variables. Chart reviews provided @entity5 and treatment-related data. The primary outcome was @entity308 symptomatology assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory. A succession of models that built hierarchically upon each other was used to determine which variables could account for age group differences in @entity308 . Model 1 contained age group only. Models 2-5 successively added @entity1 characteristics, @entity5 -related variables, symptoms, and psychosocial variables. As expected, in the unadjusted analysis (Model 1) younger @entity1 were significantly more likely to report @entity308 symptomatology than older @entity1 (p < 0.0001). Age remained significantly related to @entity308 until Model 4 which added bodily @entity158 and vasomotor symptoms (p = 0.24; R (2) = 0.27). The addition of psychosocial variables in Model 5 also resulted in a model in which age was nonsignificant (p = 0.49; R (2) = 0.49). Secondary analyses showed that illness intrusiveness (the degree that illness intrudes on specific areas of life such as work, sex life, recreation, etc.) was the only variable which, considered individually with age, made the age group- @entity308 association nonsignificant. Age differences in risk of @entity308 following a @entity0 can be explained by the impact of @entity5 and its treatment on specific areas of a @entity1 's life.

title: Explaining age-related differences in @entity308 following XXXX and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer diagnosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Despite the dramatic decrease in the incidence of @entity28310 , the disease has gained new interest as a result of claims that it has changed its clinical patterns. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changing trends in clinical manifestations of @entity28310 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical analysis. METHODS: Clinical analysis of 22 @entity1 with pathologically confirmed @entity28310 was carried out retrospectively. RESULTS: @entity1 ' ages ranged from 22 to 75 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2.14 to 1. The most frequent chief complaint was hoarseness. The true vocal cord and the false vocal cord were commonly involved, and 11 @entity1 showed single lesions. Among 22 @entity1 , only 7 had @entity1907 , and 9 were proven to have normal lung status. The @entity1 with @entity1907 showed more @entity1066 . The @entity1 with normal lung status showed nonspecific, polypoid, and single lesions. All @entity1 responded satisfactorily to antituberculous medication. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations of @entity28310 have changed and seem to be different from those of classic reports. It can even occur without @entity1907 , and the characteristics of lesions seem to be more nonspecific. It might be important to consider @entity378 in the differential diagnosis of nonspecific @entity9257 .

title: Changing trends in clinical manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28310 :: ('MESH:D014387', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative and multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity9257 :: ('MESH:D007818', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'active pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity28310 :: (MESH:D014387,Disease) :: ['laryngeal tuberculosis']


abstract: Cross sectional echocardiography combined with Doppler echocardiography was used to record either ductal morphology or the flow profile within the ductus arteriosus before and after infusion of @entity5015 in 25 newborn @entity1 with cyanotic and @entity299 with ductus dependent blood flow. The ultrasound results were compared with changes in arterial @entity26 tension and the overall clinical response to @entity5015 seen during the same period in 24 of the 25 @entity1 in whom the degree of ductal narrowing could be determined with the ultrasound method. At the time of the study, the ductus was widely patent or slightly narrowed in 12 @entity1 and was closed in two @entity1 . These @entity1 did not respond to @entity5015 . There was prominent localised narrowing of the ductus in seven @entity1 and generalised narrowing in three. After the infusion of @entity5015 there was no ductal narrowing in these @entity1 , except for one @entity1 who had slight residual localised narrowing. There was also a considerable change in the ductal flow profiles in each @entity1 . In these 10 @entity1 infusion of @entity5015 resulted in an increase in arterial @entity26 tension, clinical improvement, or both. The present study indicates that @entity5015 is effective in @entity1 with prominent narrowing of the ductus but is not in @entity1 in whom the ductus is widely patent or closed. Cross sectional echocardiography combined with Doppler echocardiography was useful for predicting the responsiveness of the ductus arteriosus to the infusion.

title: Responsiveness of the ductus arteriosus to XXXX assessed by combined cross sectional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acyanotic congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E1']


abstract: Nonsymbiotic hemoglobins are broadly present across the plant kingdom; however, the function of these proteins is unknown. Cultured @entity2829 cells have been transformed to constitutively express a @entity2247 @entity54935 gene in either the sense (HB+) or antisense (HB-) orientation. @entity54935 protein in the transformed cell lines correspondingly was higher or lower than in wild-type cells under normal atmospheric conditions. Limiting @entity26 availability, by placing the cells in a @entity1568 atmosphere for 12 hr, had little effect on the energy status of cells constitutively expressing @entity54935 , but had a pronounced effect on both wild-type and HB- cells, where @entity855 levels declined by 27% and 61%, respectively. Total adenylates in these cells were approximately 35% lower than in HB+ cells. Energy charge was relatively unaffected by the treatment in HB+ and wild-type cells, but was reduced from 0.91 to 0.73 in HB- cells, suggesting that the latter were incapable of maintaining their energy status under the low @entity26 regime. Treatment of the cells grown in an air atmosphere with @entity8581 gave essentially the same results. It is suggested that nonsymbiotic hemoglobins act in plants to maintain the energy status of cells in low @entity26 environments and that they accomplish this effect by promoting glycolytic flux through @entity2125 oxidation, resulting in increased substrate-level phosphorylation. @entity519 acclimation of plants is an example of this effect in nature. Nonsymbiotic hemoglobins are likely ancestors of an early form of @entity54935 that sequestered @entity26 in low @entity26 environments, providing a source of @entity26 to oxidize @entity2125 to provide @entity855 for cell growth and development.

title: Altering @entity54935 levels changes energy status in @entity2829 cells under XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin A']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: A total of 1,799 @entity797 isolates were isolated from inpatients of Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan, between 1992 and 1996. Four hundred thirty-two (22.3%) of the 1,799 isolates had high-level @entity801 resistance. Eighty-one of the 432 isolates were classified and were placed into four groups (group A through group D) with respect to the EcoRI restriction endonuclease profiles of the plasmid DNAs isolated from these strains. The 81 isolates were isolated from 36 @entity1 . For 35 of the 36 @entity1 , the same @entity801 -resistant isolates were isolated from the same or different specimens isolated from the same @entity1 at different times during the hospitalization. For one other @entity1 , two different groups of the isolates were isolated from the same specimen. Groups A, B, C, and D were isolated from 5, 14, 12, and 6 @entity1 , respectively. The strains had multiple-drug resistance. The restriction endonuclease digestion patterns of the @entity797 chromosomal DNAs isolated from isolates in the same group were also identical. The @entity1 who had been infected with the @entity801 -resistant isolates from each group were geographically clustered on a ward(s). These results suggest that the isolates in each group were derived from a common source and had spread in the ward. The @entity801 -resistant isolates exhibited a clumping response upon exposure to @entity5681 ( @entity797 FA2-2 culture filtrate). The @entity801 resistance transferred at a high frequency to the recipient @entity797 isolates by broth mating, and the pheromone-responsive plasmids encoding the @entity801 resistance were identified in these isolates.

title: Evidence of nosocomial infection in Japan caused by high-level @entity801 -resistant XXXX and identification of the pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmid encoding @entity801 resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether dysregulation of platelet signaling mechanisms contributes to the increased risk of @entity715 associated with @entity6 , using a @entity1723 @entity19 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1723 was induced in C57Bl6 @entity19 following @entity3839 injection. Arterial @entity715 , platelet signaling and function were assessed 4  weeks later in comparison with non- @entity6 control @entity19 . Fifty-seven per  cent of @entity6 @entity19 ( @entity413 level of >  250  mg  dL(-1) ) developed stable occlusive thrombi after @entity24871 injury, as compared with 5% of their non- @entity6 counterparts, suggesting that @entity6 @entity19 are more sensitive to @entity1317 (P   <=  0.02). Platelets from @entity6 @entity19 were more sensitive to protease-activated receptor  4 ( @entity21784 ) agonist-induced fibrinogen binding than platelets from non- @entity6 @entity19 , and the average @entity1994 phosphorylation induced by @entity21784 agonist peptide was greater (P   <=  0.01) in platelets from @entity6 @entity19 . Recent studies suggest that @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) potentiates @entity1994 phosphorylation in platelets. To determine whether @entity7424 signaling contributes to the increase in @entity21784 sensitivity in platelets from @entity6 @entity19 , platelet signaling and function were evaluated in the presence of inhibitors of the @entity7424 receptor. @entity7424 receptor inhibition reduced @entity1994 phosphorylation and fibrinogen binding in platelets from @entity6 @entity19 to levels consistent with those seen in normoglycemic platelets, but had no significant effect on platelets from non- @entity6 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that platelets from @entity19 with @entity3839 -induced @entity6 show enhanced platelet @entity1994 phosphorylation and activity resulting from @entity7424 -dependent mechanisms. Increases in platelet @entity1994 activation may explain the enhanced sensitivity to @entity715 insult seen in @entity6 @entity19 .

title: Enhanced platelet activity and @entity715 in a @entity19 model of XXXX are partially @entity7424 -dependent and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type  I diabetes', 'type  I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type  I diabetes']


abstract: @entity65 are the major cause of death not only in Germany. @entity301 result in @entity717 and loss of productivity and contribute to escalating costs of health care. OBJECTIVE: It was our objective to estimate the costs of CHD for the German population from the perspective of the society. The characteristic of this approach is the calculating of costs until the approximated end of life. METHODS: In the study, all health care costs concerning CHD in Germany were allocated to age, sex, health care sector and primary diagnosis on the basis of comprehensive data on morbidity, mortality, direct and indirect costs. For the estimate of indirect costs the @entity1 capital approach was taken. Considered as cases were all @entity1 hospitalized in the reference year (1996). The costs of this cohort in 1996 and up to their protected end of life were estimated. It was taken into account that, in comparison to the general population, life expectancy of cases with risk factors or CHD would have been reduced. In calculating indirect costs, gender and age specific unemployment rates were considered. All future costs were discounted by 4% from the reference year onward. RESULTS: Direct costs are approximately 39 billion @entity3918 discounted at 4%, indirect costs total 73 billion @entity3918 . The average cost per case (including morbidity and mortality) until the approximated end of life is nearly 125,000 @entity3918 . CONCLUSION: In our cost analysis, the indirect costs are higher than the direct costs. For the future, it will be important to estimate the costs of prevalent cases until the end of life and to compare the influence of different interventions on these parameters and on the whole budget of the social security system.

title: [Costs of @entity301 over the remaining life time in XXXX cases--an analysis of the current status of @entity301 cases in Germany from the social perspective].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['substantial disability']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report the results of an open, randomized, multicenter trial that compared the efficacy of @entity117 to @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) for the prevention of vascular events in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity850 of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg/day of @entity117 or a dose of @entity1697 (target INR 2-3). The MCA @entity850 was demonstrated by conventional angiography or by at least two noninvasive examinations. @entity1 had either transient @entity63 attack or @entity385 ( @entity385 ) attributable to the MCA @entity850 within 90 days before inclusion. The primary endpoint was: nonfatal @entity385 , nonfatal acute @entity583 , @entity204 and major @entity548 . The @entity1 were followed-up for a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 3 years. RESULTS: The study included 28 @entity1 (14 in each treatment group); the average age was 67 +/- 9.9 years. @entity1 constituted 68% of the @entity1 . After a mean follow-up of 23.1 +/- 10.9 months, there were no recurrences of @entity385 in both groups. No endpoint was reported in the @entity117 group, but 2 @entity1 in the @entity1697 group (14.3%) exhibited vascular events: 1 acute @entity583 and 1 @entity1779 ). However, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that @entity117 is the treatment of choice for the prevention of vascular events in @entity1 with @entity2500 .

title: @entity117 or anticoagulants in XXXX of the middle cerebral artery: A randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral anticoagulants', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic MCA stenosis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['vascular death']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'cerebral infarct']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: The development of autoantibodies and @entity792 has been reported during and after interferon (IFN) therapy. Thirteen different antibodies from the sera of 32 @entity1 with @entity6194 treated with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) were tested. Seventeen HBeAg-positive @entity1 received 4.5 megaunits (MU) of recombinant IFN thrice weekly for 4 months, and 15 anti-HBe and @entity97 -DNA positive @entity1 were treated with 5 MU/m2 of lymphoblastoid IFN thrice weekly for 6 months. Five @entity1 (15%) had antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and one @entity1 (3%) had smooth muscle antibodies before treatment. ANA appeared during IFN treatment in five (18%) of 28 previously negative @entity1 . With discontinuation of treatment, the titer of ANA fell to undetectable levels in all @entity1 . In contrast, none of the patients developed antibodies to endocrine organs, such as thyroid microsomal, thyroglobulin, parietal cells, pancreatic islet cell, and adrenal cortex antibodies or autoantibodies specifically associated with @entity409 such as liver kidney microsomal antibodies and antimitochondrial antibodies. There was no correlation between autoantibody positivity before therapy or autoantibody occurrence during treatment and response to IFN therapy. None of the @entity1 developed clinical signs of @entity792 . These results indicate that these regimens of recombinant and lymphoblastoid IFN therapy of @entity6194 are associated with a low risk of clinically significant @entity792 .

title: Autoantibodies during alpha-interferon therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune reactions']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: In this article we present methods for the purification and fractionation of @entity1 blood lymphocytes, which have been used in our laboratory to characterize antibody-dependent cytotoxic effector cells (K cells). The assay system consists of highly purified lymphocytes, 51Cr-labelled @entity1573 erythrocytes (Ec) and IgG rabbit anti-Ec in high dilutions. Various ways of comparing K-cell potentials of different lymphocyte preparations in this system are discussed. When purified lymphocytes are partially depleted (60-85% depletion) of cells forming rosettes with @entity742 erythrocytes (E+ cells), the K-cell activity of the depleted fraction is increased, indicating the the majority of the E+ cells are inactive in this assay. Depletion of EAC-rosette-forming cells shows that most or all K cells have complement receptors. For depletion of B cells, the lymphocytes may be passed through glass bead columns, charg ed with F(ab')2 fragments of human IgG and F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit antibodies to the F(ab')2 part of human IgG. These columns give high yields of B-cell depleted fractions. These preparations are rich in E+ cells and contain approximately 80% of the @entity41481 lymphocytes which form rosettes with @entity291 erythrocytes, coated with IgG antibodies. Their K-cell activity is unchanged or slightly elevated, indicating the mature B cells, i.e. SIg+ cells, have little or no K-cell activity. In contrast, passage of the lymphocytes through immune complex columns (ovalbumin/anti-ovalbumin) leads to approximately 70% depletion of Fc receptor-bearing cells, while most of the B cells (SIg+ cells) pass through the columns. The relative frequency of E+ cells in the passed fraction frequently shows a slight reduction. These preaparations have a very low K-cell activity, indicating that K cells are lymphocytes with Fc receptors of relatively strong avidity.

title: Purification, fractionation and assay of antibody-dependent lymphocytic effector cells (K cells) in XXXX blood.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Protein effectors of pathogenicity are instrumental in modulating host immunity and disease resistance. The powdery mildew pathogen of grasses Blumeria graminis causes one of the most important diseases of cereal crops. B. graminis is an obligate biotrophic pathogen and as such has an absolute requirement to suppress or avoid host immunity if it is to survive and cause disease. RESULTS: Here we characterise a superfamily predicted to be the full complement of Candidates for Secreted Effector Proteins (CSEPs) in the fungal @entity2247 powdery mildew parasite B. graminis @entity10327 . hordei. The 491 genes encoding these proteins constitute over 7% of this pathogen's annotated genes and most were grouped into 72 families of up to 59 members. They were predominantly expressed in the intracellular feeding structures called haustoria, and proteins specifically associated with the haustoria were identified by large-scale mass spectrometry-based proteomics. There are two major types of effector families: one comprises shorter proteins (100-150 @entity1522 ), with a high relative expression level in the haustoria and evidence of extensive diversifying selection between paralogs; the second type consists of longer proteins (300-400 @entity1522 ), with lower levels of differential expression and evidence of purifying selection between paralogs. An analysis of the predicted protein structures underscores their overall similarity to known fungal effectors, but also highlights unexpected structural affinities to ribonucleases throughout the entire effector super-family. Candidate effector genes belonging to the same family are loosely clustered in the genome and are associated with repetitive DNA derived from retro-transposons. CONCLUSIONS: We employed the full complement of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses as well as structural prediction methods to identify and characterize the members of the CSEPs superfamily in B. graminis @entity10327 . hordei. Based on relative intron position and the distribution of CSEPs with a ribonuclease-like domain in the phylogenetic tree we hypothesize that the associated genes originated from an ancestral gene, encoding a secreted ribonuclease, duplicated successively by repetitive DNA-driven processes and diversified during the evolution of the grass and cereal powdery mildew lineage.

title: Structure and evolution of XXXX powdery mildew effector candidates.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that modulation of @entity5 may improve therapy outcome. However, most preclinical data are derived from subcutaneous rather than @entity5 models. We investigated the effect of the @entity519 -modulating agents @entity4571 and @entity15436 on @entity5 , @entity5 blood perfusion, and proliferative activity in liver metastases of the @entity19 @entity694 . In untreated C26a liver metastases, we observed a considerable amount of @entity519 , similar to the amount in liver metastases of @entity1 with @entity14 . Compared to untreated @entity19 , we observed a significantly smaller @entity519 fraction in the liver metastases of @entity19 treated with @entity4571 and @entity15436 breathing as single treatments or in combination. In the group of @entity19 that underwent @entity15436 breathing, perfusion was significantly lower than in the untreated group, but the decrease was only marginal. The proliferative activity was similar in all groups. In C26a subcutaneous @entity5 , a similar effect on @entity519 has been observed that was, however, combined with a decrease in proliferative activity. The different effects of @entity4571 and @entity15436 on parameters of the @entity5 microenvironment in liver metastases and subcutaneous @entity5 suggest that the host tissue influences the mechanism by which @entity4571 and @entity15436 exert their effects. Since @entity5 may be a clinical problem in colorectal liver metastases, our results open possibilities for further research on the effect of @entity519 modifiers on colorectal liver metastases to improve therapy outcome.

title: Modulation of @entity519 in @entity19 liver metastases of @entity694 by @entity4571 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypoxia', 'tumor', 'orthotopic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma line C26a']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity15436 :: (MESH:C011700,Chemical) :: ['carbogen']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) plays an important role in the cytotoxic activity of macrophages towards @entity5 cells and microbial pathogens. We investigated whether alteration of intracellular @entity1432 levels modulates the cytotoxic effects of different NO donors and lipopolysaccharide-induced NO in the @entity19 macrophage cell lin J774A.1. The NO-releasing compound @entity16475 caused a significant concentration-dependent loss of viability of the macrophages only under @entity413 -limiting conditions. The cytotoxic effect of @entity16475 was prevented by the NO scavenger @entity6706 ( @entity6706 ). Depletion of total @entity2041 before exposure to @entity16475 further decrease cell viability while pretreatment with @entity898 was protective. Comparing equimolar concentrations of various NO donors including @entity12557 , @entity50298 and @entity10845 , @entity137 appeared to be related to the relative stability of the test compound. Both the order of stability and the order of potency for cell killing was @entity12557 > @entity16475 > @entity50298 = @entity10845 . Stimulation of the macrophages with lipopolysaccharide and @entity60 resulted in dose-dependent cell injury and NO production. @entity2041 depletion prior to stimulation considerably decreased macrophage viability as well as the NO production. In contrast to the protective effect on @entity16475 -mediated injury, pretreatment with @entity898 did not influence the lipopolysaccharide-mediated @entity137 . These results demonstrate that (a) reduction in the availability of @entity413 and intracellular @entity2041 renders the cells more vulnerable to the cytotoxic effects of NO donors, (b) in this model of @entity137 , long-lived NO donors were more cytotoxic than short-lived NO donors, (c) the differential effects of @entity898 on @entity16475 -induced and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-mediated @entity137 support the existence of other toxic species different from NO or NO-related compounds with a potent cytotoxic activity in immunostimulated macrophages, and (d) other non-protein @entity1433 like @entity898 may substitute for @entity2041 as a major component of the cellular antioxidant defense system.

title: The protective role of @entity1433 against XXXX -mediated @entity137 in @entity19 macrophage @entity19 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity16475 :: ('MESH:D026423', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity6706 :: ('MESH:C079393', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy-PTIO', '2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide']

entities_list: @entity50298 :: ('MESH:C021315', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity10845 :: ('MESH:C002385', 'Chemical') :: ['3-morpholino-sydnonimine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: METHODS: 1. All @entity1 had preoperative investigations including coronary angiography and left ventriculography. 2. Clinical symptoms, functional outcome and survival rate were analyzed from medical records, @entity1 's follow-up visits, and communications from the referring physicians. 3. All survivors were assessed for clinical functional status and survival rate at the most recent follow-up visits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: long-term postoperative survival rate and the improvement of clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Repair of the @entity1002 alone was performed in 9 @entity1 (19.15%). Repair of the @entity1002 combined with coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 38 @entity1 (80.85%). There was only one death (2.13%) in this study. There was a significant increase in the postoperative mean ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle (LV) of 16.83+/-4.93% (p < 0.01) when compared to the preoperative mean EF of the LV. Long-term follow-up of linear repair of the @entity1002 at a mean of 12.96 years was carried out. 78.13% of @entity1 clinically improved according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and Kaplan-Meier's method long-term survival rate of 66.61%. CONCLUSION: @entity1002 was best managed by surgical repair with improvement in quality of life.

title: Repair of the XXXX : twenty-two years of experience with long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm', 'Left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ) or @entity1884 is a @entity74 with autosomal dominance and variable penetrance, characterized by @entity1415 , @entity8721 and visceral manifestations of the disease. The estimated minimal prevalence is 1/10,000 inhabitants. The diagnosis is established on clinical criteria, and may be further confirmed by the identification of causative mutations in either the ENG or the @entity14077 gene coding for @entity6459 and @entity14077 , respectively. Pulmonary vascular manifestations of @entity1884 include @entity2702 ( @entity2702 ; especially in @entity1 with ENG mutations) and less frequently pulmonary @entity101 (especially in @entity1 with @entity14077 mutations). In 15-33% of @entity1 with @entity1884 , @entity2702 consist of abnormal communications between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, causing right-to-left shunting, and thus, frequently @entity519 and @entity1353 on exertion, although @entity2702 may remain asymptomatic and frequently undiagnosed unless complications occur. @entity2702 result in severe and frequent complications often at a young age, which may reveal the diagnosis, e.g. transient @entity63 attack and @entity64 (10-19% of @entity1 ), systemic severe @entity281 and @entity733 (including cerebral abscess in 5-19% of @entity1 ), and rarely massive hemoptysis or hemothorax. Infections in @entity1884 are related to the right-to-left shunting that bypasses the pulmonary capillaries and facilitates the passage of septic or aseptic emboli into the systemic and especially cerebral circulation, and potentially to minor defects in innate immunity. Treatment of @entity2702 based on transcatheter coil vaso-occlusion of the feeding artery significantly decreases right-to-left shunting, @entity519 and @entity1353 on exertion, and reduces the risk of systemic complications. Long-term follow-up is warranted after transcatheter vaso-occlusion of @entity2702 due to frequent recanalization of treated @entity2702 and development or growth of untreated @entity2702 . @entity1 with @entity1884 should be informed of the risk of PAVM and potentially severe complications occurring in heretofore asymptomatic subjects. All adult @entity1 with @entity1884 should be proposed systematic screening for PAVM, by contrast echocardiography (preceded by anteroposterior chest radiograph) or computed tomography of the chest. @entity120 is rare in @entity1884 , and may be due either to systemic arteriovenous shunting in the liver increasing cardiac output or be clinically and histologically indistinguishable from @entity8577 . @entity120 is detected by systematic examination of right cardiac cavities and @entity997 flow at echocardiography, and the diagnosis is established by right heart catheterization.

title: Pulmonary vascular manifestations of @entity1884 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8577 :: ('MESH:D065627', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia', 'Rendu-Osler-Weber disease', 'HHT']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2702 :: ('MESH:C562404', 'Disease') :: ['PAVMs', 'pulmonary arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['rendu-osler disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of response of @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) on @entity6937 profile in @entity213 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty three @entity1 with proven stage I or II head _neck carcinoma received conventional external beam radiation therapy. Out of these, six @entity1 received postoperative adjuvant therapy while remaining 27 received definitive RT. @entity1 were given 100 mcg @entity2841 subcutaneously per day along with radiation after they developed grade 2 @entity33 and /or grade 2 @entity1282 and / or complained of moderate @entity158 . @entity2841 was administered till there was a subjective relief or objective response. @entity1 were evaluated for oral ulceration, swallowing status, @entity158 and @entity353 . Response to the treatment and @entity1 outcome was assessed. RESULTS: There was a decreased severity of @entity33 and @entity1282 in the evaluated @entity1 . None of the @entity1 suffered severe @entity158 or required opioids. The mean @entity353 was only 1.94%. Minimal side effects were experienced with @entity2841 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2841 reduces the severity of acute side effects of radiation therapy thereby allowing completion of the treatment without interruption. Its remarkable response needs to be evaluated further in large randomized trials. The time of initiation and cessation of @entity2841 during radiation therapy and the required dose needs to be established.

title: The optimal use of XXXX in radiation induced @entity33 in @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the extracellular matrix remodeling. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that @entity22534 are upregulated in the dilated failing hearts and involved in the development and progression of @entity296 . However, little is known about the role of MMPs in mediating adverse @entity296 in response to chronic pressure overload (PO). We, thus, hypothesized that selective disruption of the @entity5780 gene could ameliorate PO-induced @entity299 in @entity19 . PO @entity1184 was induced by transverse aortic constriction ( @entity11636 ) in male @entity5780 knockout (KO) @entity19 (n=10) and sibling @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 (n=9). At 6 weeks, myocardial @entity5780 zymographic activity was 2.4-fold increased in @entity164 + @entity11636 , and this increase was not observed in KO+ @entity11636 , with no significant alterations in other MMPs ( @entity56018 ) or tissue inhibitors of MMPs (1, 2, 3, and 4). @entity11636 resulted in a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) weight and LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) with preserved systolic function. KO+ @entity11636 @entity19 exerted significantly lower LV weight/body weight (4.2+/-0.2 versus 5.0+/-0.2 mg/g; P<0.01), lung weight/body weight (4.9+/-0.2 versus 6.2+/-0.4 mg/g; P<0.01), and LV end-diastolic pressure (4+/-1 versus 10+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.05) than @entity164 + @entity11636 @entity19 despite comparable aortic pressure. KO+ @entity11636 @entity19 had less myocyte @entity1184 (cross-sectional area; 322+/-14 versus 392+/-14 microm2; P<0.01) and interstitial @entity82 (collagen volume fraction; 3.3+/-0.5 versus 8.2+/-1.0%; P<0.01) than @entity164 + @entity11636 @entity19 . @entity5780 plays an important role in PO-induced @entity1002 . The inhibition of @entity5780 activation may, therefore, be a useful therapeutic strategy to manage @entity101 .

title: Targeted deletion of @entity5780 ameliorates XXXX in @entity19 with chronic pressure overload.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy and dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial remodeling']


abstract: The humanised @entity470 ( @entity470 ) monoclonal antibody matuzumab (formerly EMD 72000) is active against @entity788 in preclinical studies. This phase I study assessed the safety and potential benefit of combined treatment with matuzumab and standard-dose @entity136 . Three groups of chemotherapy-naive advanced pancreatic @entity420 @entity1 (n=17) received escalating doses of matuzumab (400 mg weekly, 800 mg biweekly, or 800 mg weekly) and @entity136 (1000 mg m-2 weekly in weeks 1-3 of each 4-week cycle). @entity137 , antitumour activity, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, and pharmacodynamic (PD) markers in skin biopsies were evaluated. Severe treatment-related @entity137 were limited to grade 3 @entity1398 (n=3), @entity1210 (n=1), and decreased white blood cell count (n=1). Common study drug-related adverse events were @entity137 (grade 2=6, grade 1=7) and fever (grade 1=4). Matuzumab inhibited phosphorylated @entity470 and affected receptor-dependent signalling and transduction; effects were seen even in the lowest-dose group. Pharmacokinetic data were consistent with results of matuzumab monotherapy. Partial response (PR) or stable disease occurred in eight of 12 evaluated @entity1 (66.7%), with three PRs among six evaluated @entity1 in the group receiving 800 mg weekly. Matuzumab in biologically effective doses with standard @entity136 therapy appears well tolerated. The combination is feasible and may have enhanced activity.

title: Phase I study of the humanised anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibody matuzumab (EMD 72000) combined with @entity136 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicities', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'anti-epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The extended frontal approach is a modification of the transbasal approach of Derome. The addition of a bilateral orbitofrontal or orbitofrontoethmoidal osteotomy improves the exposure of midline lesions of the anterior, middle, and posterior skull base, while minimizing the need for frontal lobe retraction. The authors present a 5-year experience with 49 @entity1 operated on via the extended frontal approach. In seven @entity1 , the extended frontal approach was used alone; in the remaining 42, it was combined with other skull base approaches. @entity5 were removed en bloc, whereas @entity5 and low-grade @entity5 were removed either en bloc or piecemeal. Reconstruction was usually performed using fascia lata, a pericranial flap, and/or autologous fat. A temporalis muscle flap or a distant microvascular free flap was required for some @entity1 . One @entity1 died 1 month postoperatively due to superior @entity715 . Three @entity1 had @entity86 , two had @entity5173 requiring reoperation, and four had brain contusions or @entity1410 . All but two @entity1 recovered to their preoperative functional level. After an average follow-up period of 26 months (range 6 to 56 months), 64% of @entity1 with benign lesions, 64% of @entity1 with low-grade @entity5 , and 44% of @entity1 with high-grade lesions were alive with no evidence of disease.

title: The extended frontal approach to XXXX of the anterior, middle, and posterior skull base.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors', 'Highly malignant tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leaks']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric artery thrombosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']