abstract: AIMS: Three indigenous @entity6330 bacteriophages and their adsorption process were characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: Phages belonged to Bradley's group B or the Siphoviridae family (morphotype B1). They showed low burst size and short latent periods. A remarkably high sensitivity to pH was also demonstrated. Indigenous phage genomes were linear and double-stranded DNA molecules of approx. 31-34 kbp, with distinctive restriction patterns. Only one phage genome appeared to contain cohesive ends. @entity460 ions did not influence phage adsorption, but it was necessary to accelerate cell lysis and improve plaque formation. The adsorption kinetics were similar on viable and nonviable cells, and the adsorption rates were high between 0 and 50 degrees C. @entity214 and proteinase K treatments did not influence the phage adsorption but mutanolysin and @entity2974 reduced it appreciably. No significant inhibitory effect on phage adsorption was observed for the saccharides tested. This study also revealed the irreversibility of phage adsorption to their hosts. CONCLUSIONS, SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study increases the knowledge on phages of thermophilic @entity880 bacteria.

title: Characterization of three XXXX phages and the physicochemical analysis of phage adsorption.

entities_list: @entity6330 :: ('1585', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity6330 :: (1585,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantation of exfoliated malignant cells has been suggested as a possible mechanism of @entity5 recurrence in colorectal anastomoses that might be prevented by cytocidal washout. The aim of our study was to assess whether malignant cells are likely to be collected by a circular stapler introduced transanally to perform an @entity254 and to observe local recurrences during follow-up, with special attention to the washout status of @entity1 . METHODS: Between May 1999 and March 2004, 96 @entity1 with @entity188 and distal sigmoid colon undergoing anterior resection under the care of three surgeons (only one of whom routinely performed rectal washout) were prospectively studied. While 38 @entity1 had rectal washout with 5% @entity4279 before @entity254 , 58 @entity1 did not. A circular stapler was used for @entity254 , and the stapler was immediately rinsed in 100 ml of saline. The fluid was then classified as "acellular," "malignant cells identified," or "benign cells identified" by pathologists. RESULTS: Malignant cells were collected from the circular stapler after use in 3 @entity1 (8%) on whom rectal washout was performed and in 2 (3%) @entity1 who did not have rectal washout performed (P=0.631). Three @entity1 (8%) in the washout group developed local recurrence, and 2 @entity1 (3.4%) in the no-washout group had local recurrence (one was anastomotic recurrence) (P=0.338). The median follow-up time was 23 (range: 9-70) months. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in terms of the number of @entity1 who had malignant cells collected from the circular stapler and local recurrence rates between the two groups. Although this is not a randomized study and size and mean follow-up time of the study were not sufficient, our results did not offer rational arguments in support of intraoperative rectal washout when a circular stapler is used after low anterior resection for @entity189 . Because of the limitations of our study, however, we are unable to arrive at a definite conclusion regarding rectal washout. There is a need for a randomized, controlled, large-scale, multicenter trial to establish the clinical relevance of intraoperative rectal washout.

title: Is rectal washout necessary in anterior resection for XXXX ? A prospective clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: With an increasing emphasis on quantitation of SPECT imaging and its use in dosimetry to guide therapies, it is desirable to understand the repeatability in normal-organ SPECT uptake values (SPECT-UVs). We investigated the variability of normal abdominal organ uptake in repeated @entity13098 SPECT studies. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with multiple (111)In- @entity13098 SPECT/CT studies for clinical purposes were evaluated. Volumes of interest were drawn for the abdominal organs and applied to SPECT-UVs. The variability of those values was assessed. RESULTS: The average SPECT-UV for the liver (1.7    0.6) was much lower than for the kidneys (right, 8.0    2.4; left, 7.5    1.7). Interpatient and intrapatient variability was similar (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.40-0.59) for all organs. The average coefficients of variation for each organ for each @entity1 were obtained and averaged across all @entity1 (0.26 for liver, 0.22 for right kidney, and 0.20 for left kidney). The coefficients of variation for the organs across all scans were 0.33 (liver), 0.30 (right kidney), and 0.22 (left kidney). CONCLUSION: Variability across all @entity1 and all scans for the liver was higher than reported with @entity419 PET, though left kidney variability was similar to PET liver variability and left kidney uptake may be able to serve as an internal metric for determining the quantifiability of an @entity13098 SPECT study.

title: Repeatability of Radiotracer Uptake in Normal Abdominal Organs with XXXX Quantitative SPECT/CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13098 :: ('MESH:C081788', 'Chemical') :: ['(111)In-pentetreotide', 'pentetreotide']

answer: @entity13098 :: (MESH:C081788,Chemical) :: ['111In-Pentetreotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unlike the cervical spine (C-spine), where National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) and the Canadian C-spine Rules can be used, evidence-based thoracolumbar spine (TL-spine) clearance guidelines do not exist. The aim of this study was to develop a clinical decision rule for evaluating the TL-spine after injury. METHODS: Adult (>= 15 years) blunt @entity130 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled at 13 US @entity130 centers (January 2012 to January 2014). Exclusion criteria included the following: C-spine injury with @entity51 , preexisting @entity451 / @entity1688 , and unevaluable examination. Remaining evaluable @entity1 underwent TL-spine imaging and were followed up to discharge. The primary end point was a clinically significant TL-spine injury requiring TL-spine orthoses or surgical stabilization. Regression techniques were used to develop a clinical decision rule. Decision rule performance in identifying clinically significant @entity174 was tested. RESULTS: Of 12,479 @entity1 screened, 3,065 (24.6%) met inclusion criteria (mean [SD] age, 43.5 [19.8] years [range, 15-103 years]; male sex, 66.3%; mean [SD] Injury Severity Score [ISS], 8.8 [7.5]). The majority underwent computed tomography (93.3%), 6.3% only plain films, and 0.2% magnetic resonance imaging exclusively. TL-spine injury was identified in 499 @entity1 (16.3%), of which 264 (8.6%) were clinically significant (29.2% surgery, 70.8% TL-spine orthosis). The majority was AO Type A1 282 (56.5%), followed by 67 (13.4%) A3, 43 (8.6%) B2, and 32 (6.4%) A4 injuries. The @entity922 ( @entity922 , midline @entity925 , @entity51 ), age, and mechanism was examined; positive clinical examination finding resulted in a sensitivity of 78.4% and a specificity of 72.9%. Addition of age of 60 years or older and high-risk mechanism (fall, crush, motor vehicle crash with ejection/rollover, unenclosed vehicle crash, auto vs. pedestrian) increased sensitivity to 98.9% with specificity of 29.0% for clinically significant injuries and 100.0% sensitivity and 27.3% specificity for injuries requiring surgery. CONCLUSION: Clinical examination alone is insufficient for determining the need for imaging in evaluable @entity1 at risk of TL-spine injury. Addition of age and high-risk mechanism results in a clinical decision-making rule with a sensitivity of 98.9% for clinically significant injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic test, level III.

title: Prospective derivation of a clinical decision rule for thoracolumbar spine evaluation after blunt XXXX : An American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 Multi-Institutional Trials Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'deformity, neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['predictive ability of clinical examination', 'pain']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: We previously reported that the @entity1254 -leptin (A/L) ratio was more efficacious as a parameter of insulin resistance than @entity1254 or leptin alone, and a more sensitive and reliable marker of insulin resistance than homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R) as the fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) level elevated in @entity6 . In this study, we examined the usefulness of the A/L ratio as compared to HOMA-R for assessing insulin resistance in Japanese subjects without @entity4854 . A total of 411 Japanese adults without @entity4854 (205 @entity1 , aged 49 +/- 10 years; 206 @entity1 , aged 48 +/- 10 years) were enrolled. We investigated the correlation between fasting serum insulin level, FPG, leptin or @entity1254 , and body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), @entity1674 (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , or preheparin serum lipoprotein lipase ( @entity5523 ) as parameters of insulin resistance. Next, we examined the relationships between parameters of insulin resistance and the A/L ratio or HOMA-R. By simple regression of the correlation between serum insulin level, FPG, leptin or @entity1254 , and each parameter of insulin resistance, the best correlation coefficients were seen in leptin ( @entity1 , r = 0.501; @entity1 , r = 0.667) as compared with BMI, in leptin ( @entity1 , r = 0.658; @entity1 , r = 0.747) as compared with FM, in @entity1254 (r = -0.285) in @entity1 and leptin (r = 0.299) in @entity1 as compared with TGs, in @entity1254 ( @entity1 , r = 0.405; @entity1 ; r = 0.442) as compared with HDL @entity165 , and in @entity1254 ( @entity1 , r = 0.228; @entity1 , r = 0.452) as compared with @entity5523 . By simple regression of the correlation between A/L ratio or HOMA-R and each parameter of insulin resistance, the highest correlation coefficients were seen with the A/L ratio except HDL @entity165 in @entity1 . Next, we carried out multiple linear regression to analyze the association between A/L ratio or HOMA-R and FM, TGs, HDL @entity165 , and @entity5523 , excluding BMI, simultaneously. In @entity1 , the A/L ratio was significantly correlated with FM and TGs, and HOMA-R was significantly correlated with FM. This model explained 34% of the variance in the A/L ratio and 17% of the variance in HOMA-R. In @entity1 , the A/L ratio was significantly correlated with FM and @entity5523 , and HOMA-R was significantly correlated with FM and @entity5523 . This model explained 39% of the variance in A/L ratio and 14% of the variance in HOMA-R. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the A/L ratio might be more useful than HOMA-R to accurately assess insulin resistance in subjects without @entity4854 .

title: Relationship between the XXXX -leptin ratio and parameters of insulin resistance in subjects without @entity4854 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Percentage of @entity66 among @entity1 with @entity2689 is given differently in a few publication. The aim of the study was to assess prevalence of @entity1593 in @entity2689 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Serological screening of @entity66 were performed in 63 @entity1 with @entity2689 during the last 11.5 years (since 1994). Serological investigations were repeated yearly since 2003 in all @entity1 , and the results of screening of new @entity1 were completed. Theirs first case of @entity66 was announced in 2004 in Gyermekgy  gy  szat (Hun). Further positive serological results were found after publication of the first case. RESULTS: Positive results were found in seven of 63 @entity1 (two EmA and five antitransglutaminase IgA positivity). Intestinal biopsy was applied in all 7 cases. @entity66 was revealed by histologic analysis in the five cases - 5/63 (7.9%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity66 in @entity2689 seems to be higher than in general population. This can play role in the insufficient effect of @entity2124 therapy in the affected @entity1 . The high prevalence indicates that the connection between these disorders can not be coincidental. Their cases and the available data from the publications indicate that screening of @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity2689 should be performed and intestinal biopsy is recommended in positive cases.

title: [Prevalence of @entity1593 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perineural invasion (PNI) in @entity320 is associated with increased local recurrence and reduced disease-free survival. The biological mechanisms underlying PNI remain unclear although several lines of evidence implicate neurotrophins and their receptors. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the expression of p75NGFR and @entity2250 , and the presence of functional @entity8958 polymorphism ( @entity8958 ) as they relate to PNI in @entity320 . METHODS: In all, 43 cases of @entity320 were immunohistochemically evaluated for @entity2250 and p75NGFR expression and @entity8958 was detected by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: PNI was present in 67% of cases. On univariate analysis, p75NGFR was associated with PNI (expression detected in 79% of PNI-positive cases compared with 36% of PNI-negative cases, P  = .005), increased @entity92 (P  = .007), and greater Clark level (P  = .01). @entity8958 was noted in 28% of cases but was not significantly associated with PNI (P  = .27) or other histopathologic variables. @entity2250 expression was absent in all cases. PNI was associated with increased @entity92 and Clark level (P  = .01 and P  = .009, respectively). Controlling for the association between p75NGFR and depth, p75NGFR remained associated with an increased propensity for PNI (odds ratio 4.68, P  = .04). LIMITATIONS: The sample size was limited. CONCLUSION: In @entity320 , p75NGFR expression is significantly associated with PNI and a more @entity146 phenotype.

title: Neurotrophin receptors and perineural invasion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['locally aggressive']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['Breslow depth']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['desmoplastic melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional @entity3873 treatment can suppress @entity461 ( @entity461 ) secretion in hemodialysis @entity1 , although it can cause @entity2742 in some @entity1 . We attempted to elucidate clinical outcomes of intravenous @entity42967 (OCT) treatment and their determinants in a multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: One hundred one patients with serum @entity461 levels greater than 300 pg/mL (300 ng/L) and serum @entity460 levels less than 11 mg/dL (2.74 mmol/L) were recruited. OCT was administered intravenously at the end of each dialysis session. The dose was decreased by 5 microg when serum @entity461 level was less than 300 pg/mL or serum @entity460 level was greater than 11 mg/dL. RESULTS: OCT was administered for 4.8 months to 101 @entity1 (average age, 55.1 years) who were on dialysis therapy for 15.9 years. Percentages of decrease in @entity461 levels greater than 30% were obtained in 44 @entity1 (43.5%). These @entity1 were on dialysis therapy for a shorter duration than those who showed less than 30% decreases (13.0 +/- 3.3 versus 17.9 +/- 3.0 years). Multiple regression analysis of the final @entity461 level or percentage of decrease in @entity461 level with respect to initial @entity461 level, serum @entity460 level, serum @entity1391 level, age, and dialysis therapy duration showed that determinants of percentages of decrease in @entity461 levels were initial serum @entity460 and @entity1391 levels. Conversely, significant determinants of the final @entity461 level were initial @entity461 levels and initial @entity460 levels. CONCLUSION: These results show that the decrease in @entity461 levels by OCT therapy could be predicted in @entity1 with low @entity460 , @entity461 , and alkaline phosphatase levels; high @entity1391 levels; and short dialysis therapy duration before the start of OCT administration.

title: Multicenter clinical trial of @entity42967 for chronic dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['refractory hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: @entity302 are the cause of between 0.3 and 1.2% of all visits to hospital emergency departments. Twenty-five per cent of @entity1 visit after having their first @entity410 . Such an impact seems to justify the development of a health care protocol. Our proposal is to draw up a set of implicit evidence-based consensus practice guidelines, to use Liberati's nomenclature, concerning aspects related to the diagnostic procedure and recommended therapeutic management of @entity1 with a first @entity410 who are being attended in an emergency department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A selective search was conducted on PubMed-Medline for quality scientific information on the subject using scientific evidence filters. This search was completed in other scientific evidence search engines, such as Tripdatabase, Biblioteca Cochrane Plus or DARE. The selected references were analysed and discussed by the authors, and the available evidence and any recommendations that could be drawn from it were collected. RESULTS: A total of 47 primary documents and 10 practice guidelines or protocols related with the proposed topic were identified. The recommendations were inserted in the text explicitly. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic and therapeutic protocol for all paroxysmal phenomena in @entity341 consists of three successive phases: diagnosis of the cause of the @entity302 , integration of the significance of the @entity410 within the clinical context, and designing the therapeutic scheme. Each phase will depend on the outcomes of the previous one as a decision algorithm. The fundamental tools in each phase are: @entity1 record and examination (phase 1), and complementary tests (phase 2). They are then used to produce a therapeutic decision scheme.

title: [Consensus clinical practice guidelines of the Sociedad Andaluza de Epilepsia for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with their first @entity302 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergencies']


abstract: The authors describe a case of @entity979 studied by light and electron microscopy and the immunoperoxidase method. The @entity5 consisted of two types of cells bearing either chromatin-rich or pale nuclei. These cells were arranged in rosettes and contained pale, eosinophilic material at the center, or in lobular patterns with thin connective tissue and a few blood vessels. Bodian silver staining disclosed a delicate tangle of argyrophilic fibers and processes with small, club-like terminations. These findings are characteristic of @entity979 . On ultrastructural examination, the @entity5 cells were found to be closely packed, in clumps separated by numerous fine or expanded, interlacing processes, some of which contained microtubules. A few dense core vesicles and clusters of clear vesicles similar to synaptic vesicles were seen, the latter being aggregated around desmosome-like thickenings in the cellular membrane, suggestive of a synaptic complex. Some @entity5 cells were positive for @entity3508 and @entity4483 protein. Only a few cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein were distributed in the @entity5 tissue, but it was not ascertained if they were @entity5 cells or normal, pre-existing astrocytes. The @entity5 was diagnosed as a @entity979 with neuronal differentiation.

title: XXXX with neuronal differentiation--case report.

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineocytoma']

answer: @entity979 :: (MESH:D010871,Disease) :: ['Pineocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anatomic repair is being actively evaluated as the preferred option for @entity4263 . We present our 13-year experience with this approach. METHODS: Between May 1994 and September 2007, 68 @entity1 with @entity4263 underwent anatomic repair. Thirty-one @entity1 (group 1, mean age of 94.8 +/- 42.3 months) underwent a combined Rastelli and @entity955 . Thirty-seven @entity1 (group 2, mean age of 36.1 +/- 46.9 months) underwent an arterial switch operation and atrial rerouting. Eight @entity1 in group 2 had an intact ventricular septum. RESULTS: Group 1 had 5 early deaths (17%) but no late deaths. Three @entity1 underwent conduit revision at a mean follow-up of 62 months. Group 2 had 5 early deaths (13.5%). There were 4 late reoperations (2 pulmonary baffle revisions, 1 mitral valve replacement, and 1 permanent pacemaker implantation) and 4 late deaths (1 secondary to progressive @entity1002 , 2 secondary to uncontrolled @entity4710 , and 1 secondary to @entity120 and @entity67 ). In group 2, 4 @entity1 have a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%, 5 @entity1 have moderate @entity337 , 5 @entity1 have symptomatic @entity997 , 1 @entity1 has @entity10710 , 1 @entity1 has superior cava obstruction, and 3 @entity1 are receiving antiarrhythmic therapy. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of @entity1002 indicate that anatomic repair in the arterial switch group is still fraught with imperfections. The Rastelli group required conduit revisions but has otherwise performed well.

title: Anatomic repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10710 :: ('MESH:D014264', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic incompetence']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid incompetence']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial switch operation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity4263 :: (MESH:C535426,Disease) :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the mobilizing effects and @entity137 of two different doses of @entity786 (CY) plus @entity31941 (glycosylated @entity1261 ), we performed a prospective randomized study by enrolling @entity1 suffering with either high-risk @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or @entity0 undergoing ablative chemotherapy. METHODS: The @entity1893 @entity1 received 4 cycles of @entity3726 and the @entity0 @entity1 received 2-3 cycles of @entity7366 (FEC) adjuvant chemotherapy. Then, the @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive CY 4 g/m2 (arm A) or 1.5 g/m2 (arm B) in combination with lenograstim. Large volume leukapheresis was carried out and it was continued daily until the target cell dose of 2 x 10(6) @entity2280 + cell/kg was reached. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The median number of leukaphereis sessions actually performed was 2.5 sessions in arm A and 3 sessions in arm B. The target cell dose was obtained with the median number of one leukapheresis session in both arms of the study (p=0.09). The collected number of @entity2280 + cells in the leukapheresis products was higher in arm A than arm B (22.4 vs. 9.9 x 10(6)/kg, respectively, p=0.05). Grade III or IV @entity1431 was present in 14/15 @entity1 (94%) in arm A and in 1/12 @entity1 (8%) in arm B (p<0.0001). Grade Ill or IV @entity882 was present in 8/15 @entity1 (54%) in arm A, but this was not present in any @entity1 of arm B (p=0.0004). @entity221 occurred in 6/15 @entity1 (40%) in arm A, and in 1/12 @entity1 (8%) in arm B (p=0.09). The hematological recovery of the leukocytes and platelets after transplantation was not statistically different between the two doses. CONCLUSION: Low-dose CY plus lenograstim is a safe and effective mobilizing regimen.

title: High-dose versus low-dose XXXX in combination with @entity1261 for peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity31941 :: ('MESH:C082437', 'Chemical') :: ['lenograstim']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the value of p53 functional analysis of separated alleles in @entity375 (FASAY) as a witness of p53/p21 pathway alteration and as a predictor of recurrence in superficial @entity1606 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: p53 transcriptional activity was prospectively analyzed in 52 newly diagnosed @entity1606 using FASAY competent for the transactivation of p21 and bax promoters. TP53 and p21 gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR, and expression of corresponding proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In addition to @entity5 stage and grade, the predictive value of FASAY, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry for @entity5 recurrence was assessed by Cox survival analysis. RESULTS: A total (p21 and bax) or partial (bax only) loss of transcriptional activity was observed in 15 of 52 (29%) and 4 of 52 (7.7%) cases, respectively, a partial loss being consistently associated with @entity59370 mutation. p53 nuclear overexpression grossly overestimated (approximately 40%) or underestimated (approximately 10%) the true incidence of p53 transcriptional abnormalities, especially in Ta-T1 grade 1 to 2 @entity5 . Loss of p21 transactivation significantly correlated with decreased p21 gene expression and lack of expression of p21 (P = 0.001). FASAY had a better predictive value for recurrence than p53 immunohistochemistry (Cox hazard ratio, 6.57 versus 3.95; P = 0.0002 versus 0.019, respectively), whereas neither p21 immunohistochemistry (hazard ratio, 1.9; P = 0.29) nor TP53 or p21 gene expression were significant predictors of recurrence. The prognostic difference between FASAY and p53 immunohistochemistry was maintained in the subgroup of Ta-T1 grade 3 @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: FASAY is a valuable surrogate marker for assessing p53/p21 pathway alteration and predicts @entity1606 recurrence better than p53 immunohistochemistry.

title: Assessment of the transcriptional activity of p53 improves the prediction of recurrence in superficial XXXX of the bladder.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'transitional cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about mortality statistics of hospitalised @entity5 @entity1 from developing countries. This paper describes the distribution of causes of @entity204 in various @entity5 , status of @entity5 at the time of @entity204 , type and intent of therapy received by the @entity5 @entity1 prior to @entity204 and nature of infections in terminal @entity5 @entity1 who died in hospital. We also aimed to study discrepancies in mortality reporting in terms of @entity204 certificate at our center and tried to analyse possible causes. RESULTS: Data for 259 consecutive @entity204 in hospitalized @entity5 @entity1 in a calendar year were analysed. Of all these, 147 (57%) were cases of @entity5 , 107 (41%) were cases of @entity1583 and 5 (2%) were other or undiagnosed cases. Median duration of hospital stay prior to @entity204 was 7 (1-106) days. @entity881 ( @entity881 ) was commonest immediate cause of @entity204 118/259 (45.2%) followed by progressive @entity5 in 64/259 (24.7%) cases. Only 13/267 (5%) @entity1 died with controlled @entity5 . Some 184 (71.3%) @entity204 occurred within 90 days of any form of anticancer treatment of which more than three fourths (77.2%) occurred after chemotherapy. Among these chemotherapy related @entity204 , 63 were febrile neutropenic @entity204 , with the commonest site of infection in the lungs, and positive blood culture was found in 18 (28%) cases. There were discrepancies in information derived from @entity204 certificates and from case records in 84 (32%) cases. Most of these were due to the use of ambiguous terms like @entity1576 as a cause of @entity204 in the @entity204 certificate. CONCLUSION: It is important to audit mortality data on a regular basis as this can provide valuable insight into hospital practice and may help to identify preventable causes of mortality. Mortality record keeping is another important aspect as variable practices in this area may have implications for @entity5 mortality reporting and this may ultimately lead to erroneous @entity5 epidemiology.

title: Characteristics and pattern of mortality in XXXX @entity1 at a tertiary care oncology center: report of 259 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['Sepsis/multi organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum urate is commonly elevated in essential @entity101 (26-33%). Some studies have claimed that @entity9886 increases urinary @entity414 excretion and diminishes serum urate levels. However, a detailed, controlled study on the influence of @entity9886 on @entity414 metabolism in @entity101 @entity1 has not been performed and the existent results are conflicting. Two small studies claimed that @entity9886 reduced serum urate levels but only one showed a simultaneous increased @entity414 excretion rate. The development of several @entity7743 receptor blockers raises the question whether these antihypertensive drugs influence @entity414 metabolism. STUDY: In a randomized, prospective (4 weeks), double blind, parallel study we have compared the influence of @entity9886 (50 mg/day) versus @entity9884 (600 mg/day) on @entity414 metabolism in 58 @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 . The mean @entity414 to @entity1011 ratio change from baseline at 4 weeks was +0.11 for @entity9886 and -0.04 for @entity9884 (P < 0.01). The mean increase in 24-h urinary @entity414 excretion with @entity9886 was +0.7 mmol/24 h (25% increase from baseline). The change in serum urate levels versus baseline was similar after 4 weeks with @entity9886 (-23.4 mumol/l) and @entity9884 (-19.5 mumol/l). @entity1 with @entity5052 in both treatment groups showed similar modifications of @entity414 metabolism compared with non- @entity9503 subjects. Blood pressure control was achieved in 22 @entity1 (73%) with @entity9884 and in 16 (53%) with @entity9886 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity9886 increased @entity414 excretion in @entity101 @entity1 but @entity9884 did not. Neither @entity7743 receptor antagonist substantially modified serum urate concentrations.

title: XXXX blockers and @entity414 metabolism: are there relevant differences?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9503 :: ('MESH:C537696', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9884 :: ('MESH:C068373', 'Chemical') :: ['eprosartan']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity7743 :: (185,Gene) :: ['AT1']


abstract: The product of the @entity375 @entity15434 gene is responsible for maintaining repression of at least two distinct regulatory pathways: @entity1446 activation/repression and catabolite repression. Mutations in the gene caused an eightfold increase in the expression of the @entity1446 -activated @entity10937 gene in the absence of @entity1446 , a substantial increase in the expression of the @entity1446 -repressed @entity43755 gene in the presence of @entity1446 , and a 13-fold increase in the expression of the catabolite-repressed @entity11870 gene in the presence of @entity413 . Lesser or no increases in the expression of these genes were observed under derepressed or activation conditions. The @entity15434 mutations also caused a large increase in @entity55607 gene expression under all conditions; this gene is subject to @entity1446 activation/repression, as well as catabolite repression. The @entity15434 gene was cloned and the sequence determined. The large open reading frame contiguous with the transcript from the complementing region encoded a 713- @entity535 polypeptide chain with extensive homology to the beta-subunit of G proteins. The sequence revealed that @entity15434 is the @entity15434 gene. A deletion mutation was constructed and the null phenotype was the same as the original mutants. The @entity15434 null mutant was shown to have increased aerobic and anaerobic levels of RNA encoding the @entity43542 repressor, normally expressed only aerobically and responsible for the aerobic repression of @entity43755 expression. The increase in both @entity43542 and @entity43755 RNAs aerobically in this mutant suggests that the repressor is nonfunctional in the mutant.

title: A XXXX protein with homology to the beta-subunit of G proteins is involved in control of @entity1446 -regulated and catabolite-repressed genes.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic performance of the original @entity697 ( @entity697 ) II in Austrian intensive care @entity1 and to evaluate the impact of customization. DESIGN: Analysis of the database of a multicenter study. SETTING: Nine adult medical, surgical, and mixed intensive care units (ICUs) in Austria. @entity1 : A total of 1733 @entity1 consecutively admitted to the ICUs. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The database included admission data, @entity697 II, length of stay, and hospital mortality. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for the @entity697 II showed a lack of uniformity of fit (H = 89.1, 10 df, p < 0.0001; C = 91.8, 10 df, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed good performance in @entity1 with @entity65 as the primary reasons for admission. A new predictive equation was derived by means of the logistic regression. Goodness-of-fit was excellent for the customized model ( @entity697 IIAM) (H = 11.2, 9 df, p = 0.33, C = 11.6, 9 df, p = 0.24). The mean standardized mortality ratio (SMR) changed from 0.81 +/- 0.26 to 0.93 +/- 0.29 with customization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity697 II was not well calibrated when applied to all @entity1 . However, it performed well for @entity1 with @entity65 as the primary reason for admission and may thus be applied to these @entity1 . Standardized mortality ratios that are calculated from scoring systems without known calibration must be viewed with skepticism.

title: Prognostic performance and customization of the XXXX II: results of a multicenter Austrian study. @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Simplified Acute Physiology Score', 'SAPS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular (medical and surgical) diseases']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['SAPS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Oesophageal pH monitoring is considered the best procedure to assess the severity of @entity354 ( @entity354 ), conditioning its treatment. The indication for surgery is becoming less common. We intend to meet this test to what extent it has influenced. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We recruit @entity1 treated in our Centre since the introduction of pH monitoring. We compare the number of times before and after its use. We value clinical manifestations, usual pH metric values versus non-operated @entity1 with pathological test, associated pathology. RESULTS:                 <AbstractText Label="SAMPLE" NlmCategory="METHODS">91 @entity1 , 151 pH metric studies (98 preoperative). Number of interventions prior to introduction of pH monitoring: 20/year, post: 3.79/year. SYMPTOMS: gastrointestinal 60.2%, respiratory 10.2%, mixed 24.5%. 495 non-operated @entity1 , 692 pathological studies. PH metric values operated/not operated: No. reflux 116.91 +/- 125.46/101.69 +/- 83.39 (p < 0.001), No. reflux >5 minutes 8.49 +/- 8.28/4.43 +/- 4.85 (p = 0.001), longest reflux 60.21 +/- 95.93/31.16 +/- 80.09 (p < 0.001), clearance 1.27 +/- 1.44/0.86 +/- 1.05 (p = 0.04), DeMeester 52.74 +/- 56.21/29.49 +/- 23.57 (p < 0.001). 14 of 98 preoperative pH monitoring were normal. Associated pathology operated/not operated: 13.26%/ 7.47%. CONCLUSIONS: The pH metric control of @entity1 with @entity354 and the progress of medical treatment have led to a decrease in surgical procedures. In our experience, the intensity of @entity354 is a valuable parameter in deciding on the surgery. We attach particular value parameters measuring oesophageal clearance and indices that integrate several of them. However, in some @entity1 without pathological pH monitoring, we have indicated the operation. The prevalence of associated pathology in the operated makes us value them more demanding.

title: [ XXXX . Evaluation and indication for surgical treatment by esophageal phmetry].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: @entity3367 -unbinding ricin was one-step separated and purified from a crude extract of @entity9377 ( @entity9377 ) by affinity chromatography on @entity692 . This purification method does not require the time-consuming and complicated steps, such as gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography, that have been essential in the separation of @entity3367 -unbinding toxins. Using this method, approximately 180 mg of ricin was obtained from 100 g of @entity9377 using a bed volume of 80 ml on a @entity692 column. Weak affinity of the ricin on @entity3367 was confirmed and compared with @entity3367 -binding ricin (ricin D), using radioiodinated ricins. The molecular mass of the ricin was estimated to be 62 kDa by 10% @entity214 -PAGE under nonreducing conditions. Under reducing conditions, the purified ricin appeared to be two subunits, corresponding to the molecular masses of 30 and 32 kDa. The pI value was determined to be approximately 8.9 for the ricin. Uptake of the ricin by HeLa cells was measured as almost half of ricin D uptake. Similar results were observed on CEM cells as well. In vitro @entity137 of ricins on different cell lines was measured by the @entity98 method. When compared with ricin D, the purified ricin showed approximately 10-fold less @entity137 to HUT78 or K562 cells and 30-fold less @entity137 to CEM cells. This lower @entity137 of the ricin may be due to its lower cell-binding properties as evidenced by its low affinity for the cell surfaces. From these results, the purified ricin was considered to be ricin E.

title: Purification of @entity3367 -unbinding ricin from @entity9377 ( XXXX ) by @entity692 chromatography.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity9377 :: ('3988', 'Species') :: ['castor beans', 'Ricinus communis']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepharose']

answer: @entity9377 :: (3988,Species) :: ['Ricinus communis']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of a decompression and fixation technique in the treatment of @entity1 with multilevel cervical @entity602 (CSM). METHODS: The authors describe the "hybrid decompression fixation" technique, a procedure involving a combination of corpectomies and discectomies to preserve a vertebra intact within the area of the decompression, thus augmenting mechanical stability. The authors retrospectively reviewed outcomes in 25 @entity1 with multilevel CSM in whom the hybrid technique was performed between 1999 and 2003. Twelve @entity1 underwent a single-level corpectomy and three-level discectomies. In 13 @entity1 a two-level corpectomy and adjacent four-level discectomies were conducted, leaving a vertebral bridge the middle. All @entity1 underwent fusion involving placement of disc and vertebral body cages filled with autogenous local bone and supplemental anterior dynamic plate fixation. The mean preoperative Nurick grade was 3 and improvement in status was reflected by a postoperative decrease to 2.6 (p < 0.05). In one @entity1 @entity16 was demonstrated. At the end of the follow-up period (mean 29 months) radiography revealed evidence of osseous fusion in 24 @entity1 ; fusion status could not be determined in one @entity1 . No evidence of late-onset instrumentation-related failure was observed in any of the 25 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors found the hybrid technique to be safe and efficient for anterior decompression in @entity1 with multilevel CSM. The use of this technique obviates the need for staged circumferential procedures.

title: Anterior decompression combined with corpectomies and discectomies in the management of multilevel cervical XXXX : a hybrid decompression and fixation technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spondylotic myelopathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: Groups of F-344 @entity35 were inoculated with the Bratislava-77 strain of @entity8148 virus (B-77 ASV) within 24 hours of birth, at 9 days of age, or between 97 and 119 days of age. @entity5 developed in each age group. @entity5 with mixed histologic patterns developed in @entity35 inoculated at 1 or 9 days of age. @entity5 with a uniform histologic pattern developed in @entity35 inoculated as adults. On the basis of light and electron microscopic study, the majority of @entity5 in each age group were classified as @entity816 and divided into either poorly differentiated, gemistocytic, pilocytic, or polymorphic varieties. The polymorphic @entity816 were most common among neonatally inoculated @entity35 , while the @entity816 were most common among @entity35 inoculated as adults. Ultrastructural characteristics of astrocytes, including gap junctions and 7- to 9-nm filaments, were present in the majority of @entity5 in each age groups. @entity816 induced in adult @entity35 were remarkable for the presence of extensive basement membrane alone the astrocytic cell surfaces. Intracytoplasmic virus-like particles (R particles) were common in the @entity5 cells. These virus-like particles are morphologically distinct from C-type B-77 ASV, and no morphologic evidence of C-type virus replication was observed in any of the @entity5 .

title: The fine structure of intracranial neoplasms induced by the inoculation of XXXX virus in neonatal and adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytomas', 'Astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity8148 :: ('MESH:D001357', 'Disease') :: ['avian sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Intracranial tumors', 'Solitary tumors', 'Multiple tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity8148 :: (MESH:D001357,Disease) :: ['avian sarcoma']


abstract: @entity1252 is a prototypic @entity792 . Apart from rare monogenic deficiencies of complement factors, where @entity66 may occur in association with other @entity792 or high susceptibility to @entity2348 , its etiology is multifactorial in nature. Cutaneous findings are a hallmark of the disease and manifest either alone or in association with @entity347 . We describe a novel genodermatosis characterized by painful bluish-red inflammatory papular or nodular lesions in acral locations such as fingers, toes, nose, cheeks, and ears. The lesions sometimes appear plaquelike and tend to ulcerate. Manifestation usually begins in early childhood and is precipitated by cold and wet exposure. Apart from @entity4841 , there is no evidence for @entity347 or an increased susceptibility to @entity281 . Histological findings include a deep inflammatory infiltrate with perivascular distribution and granular deposits of immunoglobulins and complement along the basement membrane. Some affected individuals show antinuclear antibodies or immune complex formation, whereas cryoglobulins or cold agglutinins are absent. Thus, the findings are consistent with chilblain lupus, a rare form of @entity3830 . Investigation of a large German kindred with 18 affected members suggests a highly penetrant trait with autosomal dominant inheritance. By single- @entity377 -polymorphism-based genomewide linkage analysis, the locus was mapped to chromosome 3p. Haplotype analysis defined the locus to a 13.8-cM interval with a LOD score of 5.04. This is the first description of a monogenic form of @entity3830 . Identification of the gene responsible for @entity27903 lupus may shed light on the pathogenesis of common forms of connective-tissue disease such as @entity1252 .

title: @entity27903 lupus, a monogenic form of XXXX , maps to chromosome 3p.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lupuslike disease']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity27903 :: ('MESH:D002647', 'Disease') :: ['familial chilblain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['internal-organ disease']

answer: @entity3830 :: (MESH:D008178,Disease) :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapy guidelines recommend speech and language therapy (SLT) as the "gold standard" for @entity2026 treatment. Treatment intensity (i.e., >= 5 hours of SLT per week) is a key predictor of SLT outcome. The scientific evidence to support the efficacy of SLT is unsatisfactory to date given the lack of @entity23 ( @entity23 ), particularly with respect to chronic @entity2026 (lasting for >6 months after @entity64 ). This randomized waiting list-controlled multi-centre trial examines whether intensive integrative language therapy provided in routine in- and outpatient clinical settings is effective in improving everyday communication in chronic post- @entity64 @entity2026 . METHODS/DESIGN: @entity1 are @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18 to 70 years, at least 6 months post an @entity63 or @entity548 resulting in persisting @entity73 (i.e., chronic @entity2026 ); 220 @entity1 will be screened for participation, with the goal of including at least 126 @entity1 during the 26-month recruitment period. Basic language production and comprehension abilities need to be preserved (as assessed by the Aachen Aphasia Test).Therapy consists of language-systematic and communicative-pragmatic exercises for at least 2 hours/day and at least 10 hours/week, plus at least 1 hour self-administered training per day, for at least three weeks. Contents of therapy are adapted to @entity1 ' individual impairment profiles.Prior to and immediately following the therapy/waiting period, @entity1 ' individual language abilities are assessed via primary and secondary outcome measures. The primary (blinded) outcome measure is the A-scale (informational content, or 'understandability', of the message) of the Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test (ANELT), a standardized measure of functional communication ability. Secondary (unblinded) outcome measures are language-systematic and communicative-pragmatic language screenings and questionnaires assessing life quality as viewed by the @entity1 as well as a relative.The primary analysis tests for differences between the therapy group and an untreated (waiting list) control group with respect to pre- versus post 3-week-therapy (or waiting period, respectively) scores on the ANELT A-scale. Statistical between-group comparisons of primary and secondary outcome measures will be conducted in intention-to-treat analyses.Long-term stability of treatment effects will be assessed six months post intensive SLT (primary and secondary endpoints). TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the Identifier NCT01540383.

title: FCET2EC (From controlled experimental trial to = 2 everyday communication): How effective is intensive integrative therapy for XXXX -induced chronic @entity2026 under routine clinical conditions? A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['initial stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trials']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Lung transplantation is limited by a shortage of suitable lung donors. Fluid loading is widely used to increase blood pressure during donor maintenance. In a prospective study, we investigated the effect of fluid loading with lactated Ringers solution on pulmonary function in 26 brain-dead adult organ donors. In all @entity1 , the initial central venous pressure (CVP) was < 6 mmHg. In 13 @entity1 , a CVP of 8-10 mmHg was achieved and maintained for 90 min by an infusion of lactated Ringers solution. This resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the alveolar arterial @entity26 gradient. In 13 @entity1 , the CVP was maintained at 4-6 mmHg for 90 min by, if necessary, an infusion of lactated Ringers solution. In these @entity1 , no significant change in the alveolar arterial @entity26 gradient occurred. Pulmonary gas exchange has been shown to be a reliable means of evaluating donor lung function. We conclude that crystalloid fluid loading to a CVP of 8-10 mmHg may be deleterious to lung function and should be avoided in potential lung donors.

title: The effect of fluid therapy on alveolar arterial XXXX gradient in brain-dead organ donors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have developed a four-dimensional (4D) @entity2 model that forms perfusable @entity5 nodules. We determined if the model could be modified to mimic @entity3 . METHODS: We modified the 4D @entity2 model by seeding H1299, A549, or @entity1 cells through the @entity825 only to the left lobes of the acellular lung matrix. The model was modified so that the @entity5 cells can reach the right lobes of the acellular lung matrix only through the pulmonary artery as circulating @entity5 cells (CTC). We determined the gene expressions of the @entity5 , CTCs, and metastatic lesions using the @entity1 OneArray chip. RESULTS: All cell lines formed a @entity5 in the left lobe of the ex  vivo 4D @entity2 model. The CTCs were identified in the media and increased over time. All cell lines formed metastatic lesions with H460 forming significantly more metastatic lesions than H1299 and A549 cells. The CTC gene signature predicted poor survival in @entity2 @entity1 . Unique genes were significantly expressed in CTC compared with the @entity5 and metastatic lesion. CONCLUSIONS: The 4D @entity2 model can @entity5 cells in 3 phases of @entity5 progression. This 4D @entity2 model may mimic the biology of @entity2 @entity3 and may be used to determine its mechanism and potential therapy in the future.

title: Ex vivo four-dimensional @entity2 model mimics XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolate tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: In > 80% of @entity1 with @entity775 , @entity134 therapy alone or in combination with @entity500 results in disease remission. Treatment response results in reversal of @entity82 and excellent long-term survival in many @entity1 , whereas untreated @entity1 may expect a 10-year survival of < 30%. The use of @entity500 monotherapy (2 mg/kg/day) has gained widespread acceptance in maintaining remission in clinical practice. Although all @entity1 with @entity775 may not need treatment, particularly those with mild disease, alternative strategies are required in @entity1 who have failed to achieve remission on standard therapy of @entity230 with or without @entity500 , or @entity1 with @entity500 -induced @entity137 . In such circumstances, the use of salvage therapy in the form of @entity205 , @entity1140 or @entity618 may be warranted. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for @entity1 who present with subacute @entity1578 or decompensated @entity82 . Salvage therapy results in an exponential rise in cost with each increment in therapeutic escalation. As an alternative to standard therapy, it has also been suggested that novel therapies such as @entity205 , @entity1140 or @entity618 be initiated to achieve remission. However, a > 10-fold cost differential exists between the charges associated with more potent immunosuppression and standard therapy. Therefore, in evaluating novel immunosuppression in @entity775 , it behoves clinicians not only to consider end points pertaining to efficacy, but also end points pertaining to cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the exact role of pharmacogenomics and genotyping of @entity10227 methyltransferase in @entity1 with @entity775 needs to be fully defined.

title: Cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity10227 :: ('CHEBI:35666', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopurine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity64 is a pathological condition associated with a redox imbalance. Both the acute and the post-acute phases after a @entity64 are characterized by a pro-oxidant state, which could be corrected through antioxidant supplementation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the ALAnerv(  ) upon the redox status of erythrocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this pilot study were enrolled 28 post-acute @entity64 @entity1 . They were randomly divided into a control group [(-) ALA] and a study group [(+) ALA]. @entity1 were hospitalized for a period of two weeks. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of this period. @entity1 from (+) ALA group received the nutritional supplement ALAnerv(  ). @entity2196 , SOD, GPx, GRed and @entity1422 activities were assessed on erythrocytes' lysates. Also, the total antioxidant capacity as well as the concentration of total @entity1433 were evaluated. OUTCOMES: During the study period only SOD (1393.48    69.14 U/g Hb vs. 1514.06    60.80) and GRed (4.47    0.37 U/g Hb vs. 5.06    0.24) significantly increased in (+) ALA group. @entity2196 (173.70    14.62 k/g Hb vs. 123.41    8.71) and @entity1422 (5.55    0.26 U/g Hb vs. 4.95    0.23) activities significantly decreased during the study period. Multiple regression indicated that only SOD, @entity1422 and GRed activities were influenced by the ALAnerv(  ) consumption. There was no significant increase if the total @entity1433 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: ALAnerv(  ) consumption could be associated with a correction of the erythrocytes' redox status. There is a need to investigate if administration of ALAnerv(  ) over a longer time period could have a more significant influence on the erythrocytes' antioxidant system.

title: The relationship between alanerv(  ) consumption and erythrocytes' redox status in post-acute XXXX @entity1 undergoing rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Intensive chemotherapy (IC) is the primary treatment of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) but is associated with significant @entity137 , particularly in older adults. We characterized the impact of @entity3052 and its treatment on quality of life (QOL) and physical function in younger (age 18-59) and older (age 60+) @entity1 with @entity3052 over 1year from diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3052 @entity1 undergoing IC without stem-cell transplant at two tertiary care centers were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study. Assessments were done pre-IC and at 7 time points over the next year. QOL, @entity1295 , and physical performance (grip strength, 2-minute walk test (2MWT), timed chair stands) were measured in all @entity1 whereas daily function was measured only in older @entity1 . Data were analyzed using mixed effects regression models. RESULTS: 237 @entity1 were recruited (140 younger and 97 older, 56% male). One-year survival was 79% and 60% among younger and older @entity1 , respectively. For @entity1 in remission, global QOL and @entity1295 improved significantly over time (p<0.001 for both); trends were similar between older and younger @entity1 . Grip strength did not change over time (p=0.58) whereas both the 2MWT (p<0.001) and timed chair stands (p<0.001) improved significantly. Daily function improved significantly over time (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of @entity3052 in remission after IC achieve significant improvements in QOL, @entity1295 , and physical function over time with similar trajectories for older and younger @entity1 . These data suggest that appropriately selected older @entity1 do well following IC.

title: Quality of life and physical function in adults treated with intensive chemotherapy for XXXX improve over time independent of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Sixty-three consecutive @entity1 with blunt @entity99 were examined. Twenty-four @entity1 underwent immediate operation, and 39 @entity1 were evaluated by computed tomography (CT), of whom 17 underwent operation. Ten @entity1 had no @entity409 on CT and had operations for associated injuries. @entity99 were noted in the remaining seven @entity1 , but CT underestimated the injury in four @entity1 . A large @entity18767 was present in all seven @entity1 by CT, and the average transfusion was 10 U during initial resuscitation. Twenty-two @entity1 with grade I to III injuries and a small to moderate @entity18767 were managed nonoperatively. Six of these @entity1 had transfusions during resuscitation. Only one @entity1 received more than 2 U. There were no deaths and no major complications related to the @entity99 . Most @entity1 had repeat CT at 1 week, which demonstrated stable or improving injuries. CT may underestimate the degree of @entity99 . Nonoperative management is appropriate in stable @entity1 with grade I to III injuries and a small to moderate @entity18767 . These @entity1 should require no more than 2 U of blood, and repeat scans should demonstrate a stable injury.

title: Management of blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injuries', 'liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity18767 :: ('MESH:D006465', 'Disease') :: ['hemoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abnormalities']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adult @entity146 including @entity10420 ( @entity10420 ) and @entity16349 use are major public health concerns. At the present time, there is a dearth of research showing the interrelationships among the possible predictors of adult @entity146 (i.e., @entity10420 and @entity16349 use). Therefore, the current study examines the pathways from adverse family environments in late adolescence to these @entity146 in adulthood. There were 674 @entity1 (52 % African Americans, 48 % Puerto Ricans). Sixty percent of the sample was female. Structural equation modeling in the current study included 4 waves of data collection (mean ages 19, 24, 29, and 36). An adverse family environment in late adolescence was related to greater externalizing personality in late adolescence, which in turn, was related to greater @entity16349 use in emerging adulthood. This in turn was positively associated with partner @entity16349 use in young adulthood, which in turn, was ultimately related to @entity146 in adulthood. An adverse family environment in late adolescence was also related to greater @entity16349 use in emerging adulthood, which in turn, was associated with an adverse relationship with one's partner in young adulthood. Such a negative partner relationship was related to @entity146 in adulthood. The findings suggest that family-focused interventions (Kumpfer and Alvarado in Am Psychol 58(6-7): 457-465, 2003) for @entity409 families may be most helpful when they include the entire family.

title: An Adverse Family Environment During Adolescence Predicts XXXX Use and @entity10420 in Adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality disorder', 'ASPD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['maladaptive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunctional']

answer: @entity16349 :: (3483,Species) :: ['Marijuana']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify incidence and risk factors of recurrence after discontinuation of successful antimuscarinic therapy in @entity1 with @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter trial. @entity1 who had antimuscarinic agents for more than 12 weeks and showed successful response were enrolled. Successful response was defined as answering 'benefit' for @entity1 perception of treatment benefit and answer lesser than 3 points in @entity1 's perception of @entity1494 (PPBC). The enrolled @entity1 discontinued the antimuscarinics, and we evaluated their recurrence with PPBC and @entity2182 symptom score (OABSS) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Primary purpose was to identify the recurrence rate and secondary purpose was to reveal risk factors. RESULTS: Four hundred forty-one @entity1 enrolled and 371 @entity1 completed 6-month follow-up. The enrolled @entity1 showed 1.6 points in PPBC, 2.9 points in OABSS and 1.4 points in IPSS (quality of life) which represented successful response after using antimuscarinics. The cumulative rates of recurrence were 25.6%, 42.3%, and 52.2% at 1, 3, 6 months, respectively. Among 177 @entity1 who did not show recurrence at 6 months, 41 @entity1 were followed up and 4 @entity1 of the 41 @entity1 (9.7%) showed recurrence at 12 months. On univariate and multivariate analyses of recurrence, @entity2182 wet was the risk factor for recurrence after 6 months of discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuation of antimuscarinic therapy after successful treatment resulted in high recurrence rate with time and @entity2182 wet was the independent risk factor for recurrence.

title: Incidence and risk factors of recurrence of XXXX after discontinuation of successful medical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder condition']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder symptoms']


abstract: The effects of the interaction between sympathetic nerves and @entity2918 in the cerebral circulation were examined. The hypothesis tested was that inhibition of @entity3009 synthesis by @entity3352 would potentiate decreases in CBF caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation. In anesthetized @entity95 , following administration of either @entity3352 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle, CBF was measured with 15-micron microspheres prior to stimulation and following 3-5 min of electrical stimulation (4, 8, 16 Hz) of both superior cervical ganglia. In the vehicle group, CBF was 33-42 ml/min/100 g prior to stimulation. Bilateral sympathetic stimulation reduced blood flow to the cerebrum by 12 +/- 6% (mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.05) at 4 Hz (n = 8), by 20 +/- 4% (p less than 0.05) at 8 Hz (n = 12), and 21 +/- 6% (p less than 0.05) at 16 Hz (n = 11). In the @entity3352 group, CBF was 37-48 ml/min/100 g prior to stimulation. Bilateral stimulation decreased blood flow to the cerebrum by 7 +/- 5% (NS) at 4 Hz (n = 8), by 25 +/- 3% (p less than 0.05) at 8 Hz (n = 6), and by 20 +/- 6% (NS) at 16 Hz (n = 6). Decreases in CBF during nerve stimulation were blocked by @entity3159 , an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. In additional experiments, cerebral vascular constrictor responses to @entity13147 were found to be similar in the vehicle and @entity3352 groups. This study provides evidence that sympathetic nerves can decrease CBF substantially even at low stimulation frequencies. Further, results of this study indicate that @entity2918 do not attenuate the effects of sympathetic stimulation on the cerebral circulation.

title: Role of @entity2918 in modulating sympathetic vasoconstriction in the cerebral circulation in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: DNA methylation occurs commonly in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We sought to determine the frequency and relationship of methylation of key genes involved in the pathways of mitotic checkpoint control, @entity16 repair, apoptosis, and growth factor signaling in these @entity1 . We analyzed the DNA methylation status of eight genes ( @entity10428 , @entity47937 , @entity8724 , @entity986 , @entity2529 , @entity938 or @entity938 , @entity4882 , and @entity1969 ) using nested methylation-specific PCR (MSP) on over 314 @entity982 -embedded, @entity1 @entity1149 samples. We determined the methylation frequency of each gene in addition to the association of the methylation of each gene with other members of the panel. Methylation was a common event in these samples. Our methylation analysis showed frequencies of methylation of 10% for @entity10428 , 14% for @entity47937 , 30% for @entity8724 , 29% for @entity986 , 17% for @entity2529 , 33% for @entity938 , 38% for @entity4882 , and 7% for @entity1969 . There was a strong correlation between methylation of the mitotic G2-M checkpoint gene, @entity10428 , and methylation of other genes in our panel involved in @entity16 repair ( @entity47937 and @entity8724 ) and apoptosis ( @entity2529 and @entity938 ) but not with other genes in our panel, including @entity986 (the G1-S checkpoint gene), @entity1969 , or @entity4882 . In addition, @entity8724 methylation strongly correlated with the pro-apoptotic gene, @entity938 . There are distinct associations of methylated genes in @entity1149 involving @entity16 repair, apoptosis, and the G2-M mitotic checkpoint control. Further studies are warranted to determine whether these methylation patterns have implications for prognosis in addition to prediction of response to chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the treatment of @entity1149 , such as radiotherapy and @entity902 - or @entity3907 -based chemotherapy.

title: @entity10428 methylation strongly correlates with methylation of XXXX repair and apoptotic pathway genes in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['DNA damage']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['DNA damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection in the @entity2896 ( @entity2896 ) is commonly used to treat decreased peak knee flexion in swing phase of the gait in @entity2795 @entity1 . However, the effect of BTX-A varies between 5 to 10   depending on the studies. Peak knee flexion also increases during fast gait and could constitute a way to predict the effect of BTX-A injection in the @entity2896 . AIM: To determine if changes in gait parameters during fast gait before injection could predict the effect of @entity2896 BTX-A injection on peak knee flexion in @entity2795 @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: A neurological rehabilitation department in a university hospital @entity1 : Twenty two @entity2795 @entity1 with stiff knee gait mainly due to @entity508 of the @entity2896 and treated by @entity2896 -BTX-A-injection. INTERVENTION: @entity1 ' gait was analyzed using a 3D motion analysis system and force plates. The gait recordings were performed before (PRE- @entity2896 -BTX-A:spontaneous and fast gait speed) and one month after @entity2896 -BTX-A-injection (POST- @entity2896 -BTXA: spontaneous gait speed ) MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Correlations between the percentage change in gait parameters during fast gait before @entity2896 -BTX-A-injection and the percentage increase in peak knee flexion POST- @entity2896 -BTX-A injection at spontaneous speed were analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage improvement in peak knee flexion in the fast gait condition before injection was the only parameter correlated with the percentage increase in peak knee flexion POST- @entity2896 -BTX-A injection. This was confirmed by a stepwise linear regression. The percentage increase in peak knee flexion POSTRF- BTX-A injection was also correlated with the percentage increase in knee flexion angular velocity at toe-off in the fast gait condition. CONCLUSION: The percentage increase in peak knee flexion in swing during fast gait before injection is a useful predictor of the increase in peak knee flexion following @entity2896 BTX-A injection in chronic @entity64 @entity1 with @entity2896 @entity508 .

title: Use of gait parameters to predict the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection in the spastic Rectus Femoris muscle of XXXX @entity1 with Stiff Knee Gait.

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rectus femoris']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has become increasingly relevant in the staging of @entity135 , but its prognostic value is controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate different PET/CT parameters for their ability to predict response to therapy and survival in @entity1 treated for @entity135 . A total of 28 consecutive @entity1 with a variety of newly diagnosed @entity135 underwent PET/CT scanning at our institution before initiating definitive radiation therapy. All underwent a posttreatment PET/CT to gauge @entity5 response. Pretreatment PET/CT parameters calculated include the standardized uptake value (SUV) and the anatomical biological value (ABV), which is the product of SUV and greatest @entity5 diameter. Maximum and mean values were studied for both SUV and ABV, and correlated with response rate and survival. The mean pretreatment @entity5 ABVmax decreased from 35.5 to 7.9 (P = 0.0001). Of the parameters tested, only pretreatment ABVmax was significantly different among those @entity1 with a complete response (CR) and incomplete response (22.8 vs. 65, respectively, P = 0.021). This difference was maximized at a cut-off ABVmax of 30 and those @entity1 with ABVmax < 30 were significantly more likely to have a CR compared to those with ABVmax of >=  30 (93.8% vs. 50%, respectively, P = 0.023). The 5-year overall survival was 80% compared to 36%, respectively, (P = 0.028). Multivariate analysis confirmed that ABVmax was an independent prognostic factor. Our data supports the use of PET/CT, and specifically ABVmax, as a prognostic factor in @entity135 . @entity1 who have an ABVmax >=  30 were more likely to have a poor outcome with chemoradiation alone, and a more aggressive trimodality approach may be indicated in these @entity1 .

title: The Anatomical Biological Value on Pretreatment XXXX Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography Predicts Response and Survival in Locally Advanced @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: A subset of @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity0 @entity1 have been reported to have elevated @entity9996 mutant frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes after cessation of therapy. A subset of these @entity1 are also known to develop second therapy-related @entity5 . Therefore, it is clearly important to determine if these elevations in mutant frequency represent true, persistently elevated mutation frequencies. As a follow-up to our study of @entity1 previously treated for @entity978 , we recruited for a prospective study six previously treated @entity978 @entity1 and five @entity1 who had been treated for @entity957 of the @entity135 . These individuals were studied several times over a 6-7 months. The results confirmed that a subset of @entity1 have persistently high mutant frequencies when compared to 71 previously studied controls. The study was designed to determine if the elevated mutant frequencies of treated @entity1 represented independent mutations or resulted from the in vivo expansion of single mutant cells. We used the polymerase chain reaction to examine DNA single strand conformation polymorphisms at the T-cell receptor-gamma locus of individual mutant clones. This analysis showed that 20.1% of the mutants from @entity978 @entity1 and 17.5% of the mutants from @entity957 @entity1 were siblings. The sibling mutants generally did not persist over time. However, one @entity1 had one mutant clone that persisted, but slowly decreased in prevalence over a 7 month sampling period. The data demonstrate that treatments for @entity5 result in persistently elevated mutation frequencies at the @entity9996 locus in some, but not all, @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mutagenesis after XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2015 Background: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) protection and @entity5 control are goals of brain metastasis (BM) therapy. Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) reduces recurrence after surgery but has potential effects on @entity149 . Wafers containing @entity3600 , implanted into the surgical cavity, deliver high doses of local chemotherapy aimed at preventing local recurrence. We examined @entity149 and local recurrence rates in pts with BM treated with surgery/ @entity3600 wafers but without WBRT. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter, phase II study enrolled @entity1 with 1-3 BM. The single/dominant lesion was resected and @entity3600 -wafers were placed in the cavity; radiosurgery was permitted for up to 2 other BM. WBRT was deferred. The primary endpoint was @entity149 , assessed at baseline (presurgical) then every 2-3 months up to 12 months. Specific @entity149 testing included tests of memory, executive function and fine motor coordination. @entity149 preservation was defined as improvement or no more than 1 standard deviation decline compared with the pt's pre-op baseline. RESULTS: Of 59 @entity3600 wafer pts median age was 63 years, 83% had 1 BM, and 41% had @entity1149 . Baseline RPA status was 1 (36%) or 2 (64%). Compared with the baseline, all three @entity149 domains improved at all time points, demonstrating significant improvements in executive function (4, 6, 9, 12 months) and memory (6,12 months) (Table). @entity149 preservation rates by domain: memory 70% (39/56), executive function 76% (41/54), and fine motor 66% (36/55). Local and distant recurrence rates were 23.5% (12/51) and 45% (23/51). Six pts had 10 drug-related serious adverse events; all resolved by end of study. There were 44 treatment-related adverse events; most common were @entity10 (8.5%), @entity410 (6.8%), and @entity390 (5.1%). CONCLUSIONS: BM pts treated with surgery/ @entity3600 wafers showed improvement in memory and executive function after surgery. This treatment strategy also achieved local control rates comparable to historical rates with surgery plus WBRT. [Table: see text].

title: Effects of surgery with XXXX wafer placement on neurocognitive function in @entity1 with one to three brain metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['NCF', 'Neurocognitive function']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3600 :: (MESH:D002330,Chemical) :: ['BCNU']


abstract: Major lower extremity amputations continue to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, yet few recent large series have evaluated factors associated with perioperative @entity532 . The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting perioperative @entity532 following major lower extremity amputation. A retrospective review was conducted of all adult @entity1 who underwent nontraumatic major lower extremity amputations over a 5-year period at a single tertiary-care center in southern West Virginia. Demographic and clinical data, perioperative data, and outcomes were collected and analyzed to identify any relationship with perioperative mortality, as well as wound complications and early revisions (within 90 days) to a more proximal level. Variables were examined using chi-squared, two-tailed t-tests, and logistic regression. Three hundred eighty @entity1 (61% male) underwent 412 major lower extremity amputations during 1999-2003. The initial level of amputation included 230 below-knee (BKA), 149 above-knee (AKA), and one @entity572 . Perioperative mortality was 15.5% (n = 59). From a regression model, age, albumin level, AKA, and lack of a previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) were independently related to mortality. @entity1 who did not have a previous CABG were nearly three times more likely to die than those who did (p = 0.038). Overall early wound complications were noted in 13.4% (n = 51). Four factors were independently related to experiencing a 90-day wound complication: BKA, community (rather than care facility) living, type of anesthesia, and preoperative hematocrit >30%. Major lower extremity amputation in @entity1 with @entity1095 continues to be associated with considerable perioperative morbidity and mortality. Even though the surgical procedure itself may not be challenging from a technical standpoint, underlying medical conditions put this group at high risk for perioperative @entity204 . Wound-healing problems are frequently encountered and must be minimized to facilitate early mobilization and hospital discharge.

title: Factors affecting perioperative XXXX following major lower extremity amputations.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['mortality and wound complications', 'mortality and wound-related complications']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip disarticulation']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['mortality and wound-related complications']


abstract: Aim. To assess the significance of age, gender, baseline best corrected visual acuity, baseline macula thickness, and type and size of @entity1940 in early morphological therapeutic response to ranibizumab treatment in @entity1 with the wet form of age-related @entity1020 . Methods. From 09/2008 to 06/2013 we evaluated 1153 newly diagnosed, treatment-na  ve @entity1 treated with ranibizumab. Based on the morphological findings in the macula following the initial 3 injections of ranibizumab, the @entity1 were divided into two groups based on active and inactive @entity1940 . Results. After the initial 3 injections of ranibizumab, we examined the sample of 841 eyes with active @entity471 and 312 eyes with inactive @entity471 . In the inactive group, we found a statistically higher proportion of occult @entity471 (P < 0.001) and lower incidence of @entity471 greater than 5DA (P < 0.001) compared with the active group. We found no statistically significant difference in age, gender, baseline best corrected visual acuity, or baseline macula thickness between the inactive and active groups. Conclusion. Occult @entity471 and @entity471 smaller than 5DA are optimistic factors for a better morphological therapeutic response at the beginning of ranibizumab treatment.

title: Prognostic factors of early morphological response to treatment with ranibizumab in XXXX with wet age-related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cytogenetic analysis of short-term cultures from @entity2513 revealed @entity5 . In 4 @entity652 , only numerical changes were found, whereas 10 had structural rearrangements. Trisomy 7 was found as the sole change in one of the @entity5 and together with other numerical changes in another. A +7 was also present in one case with structural aberrations. Other recurrent numerical aberrations were -14 and -18, both found in 2 @entity652 with structural karyotypic changes; in addition, one chromosome 14 was lost in one of the @entity5 with only numerical changes. The chromosome most often involved in structural aberrations was chromosome 1. In 6 cases, the rearrangements led to changes in 1p, always with loss of material. The breakpoints were at 1p32-36. One @entity652 had deletion of 1p as the only change. Other chromosomes that were involved in changes in more than 2 cases were chromosomes 8, 13, and 17. These rearrangements typically led to gain of 8q and 13q and loss of 17p. The @entity652 with @entity2526 were generally larger and had a higher degree of @entity1141 than did the @entity652 with numerical changes only or those with a normal karyotype. All @entity652 with a tubulovillous or villous architecture had structural rearrangements. Our findings confirm that a subset of @entity2513 exists that have only numerical chromosome aberrations. They also support our previous conclusion that loss of material from distal 1p is an early event in colorectal tumorigenesis, but that other cytogenetic aberrations follow and typically are present already at the adenomatous stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clonal karyotypic abnormalities in XXXX : clues to the early genetic events in the @entity2513 sequence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['acquired clonal chromosome aberrations in 14 of 17 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term cardiovascular consequences of @entity951 in a large epidemiological study. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study conducted between 1972 and 1976 with 20 years of follow-up (the Renfrew-Paisley Study). SETTING: Renfrew and Paisley, West Scotland, UK. @entity1 : 7048 @entity1 and 8354 @entity1 aged 45-64 years who underwent comprehensive cardiovascular screening at baseline, including the Rose Angina Questionnaire and electrocardiography (ECG). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All @entity204 and hospitalisations for cardiovascular reasons occurring over the subsequent 20 years, according to the baseline @entity951 score and baseline ECG. RESULTS: At baseline, 669 (9.5%) @entity1 and 799 (9.6%) @entity1 had @entity951 on Rose Angina Questionnaire. All-cause mortality for those with @entity951 was 67.7% in @entity1 and 43.3% in @entity1 at 20 years compared with 45.4% and 30.4%, respectively, in those without @entity951 (p<0.001). Values are expressed as hazards ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI). In a multivariate analysis, @entity1 with @entity951 had an increased risk of @entity65 or hospitalisation (1.49 (1.33 to 1.66), @entity583 (1.63 (1.41 to 1.85)) or @entity712 (1.54 (1.13 to 2.10)) compared with @entity1 without @entity951 . The corresponding HR (95% CI) for @entity1 were 1.38 (1.23 to 1.55), 1.56 (1.31 to 1.85) and 1.92 (1.44 to 2.56). An abnormality on the electrocardiogram (ECG) increased risk further, and both @entity951 and an abnormality on the ECG increased risk most of all compared with those with neither @entity951 nor ischaemic changes on the ECG. Compared with @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity951 were less likely to have a cardiovascular event (0.54 (0.46 to 0.64)) or @entity583 (0.44 (0.35 to 0.56)), although there was no sex difference in the risk of @entity64 (1.11 (0.75 to 1.65)), @entity955 (0.84 (0.38 to 1.87)) or @entity712 (0.79 (0.51 to 1.21)). CONCLUSIONS: Angina in middle age substantially increases the risk of @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity712 and other cardiovascular events.

title: A population study of the long-term consequences of XXXX : 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew-Paisley study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Rose angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['Rose angina']


abstract: @entity0 is the leading cause of death in female @entity5 @entity1 due to the lack of effective treatment for @entity3 . Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the primary and @entity3 , and contribute to @entity5 initiation, progression, and @entity3 . @entity33997 has been found to exert anti- @entity5 effects through promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis, but its effects on @entity5 -associated macrophages during @entity5 @entity3 have not been investigated. @entity19 inoculated with 4T1 or EO771 @entity0 cells orthotopically were treated with @entity33997 after the @entity5 reached 200 mm3 in size. @entity5 growth, lung @entity3 , and macrophage infiltration in the lungs were analyzed. In vitro experiments were performed to examine the effects of @entity33997 on macrophage migration and M2 polarization, and the underlying mechanisms. @entity33997 significantly suppressed @entity0 in both orthotopic @entity19 models without apparent effects on @entity5 . Reduced infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages and Ym1+ M2 macrophages in lungs was observed in @entity33997 -treated @entity19 . In vitro experiments demonstrated that @entity33997 decreased the migration of macrophages toward @entity5 cell-conditioned medium (TCM) and inhibited macrophage M2 polarization induced by TCM. Mechanistically, @entity33997 suppressed @entity9094 phosphorylation and @entity19775 expression, two crucial signaling events in macrophage M2 polarization, in macrophages treated with @entity58 or TCM. Taken together, our study, for the first time, demonstrated that @entity33997 suppressed pulmonary @entity3 of @entity0 probably through inhibiting macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization in the lungs by reducing @entity9094 phosphorylation and @entity19775 expression.

title: XXXX suppresses pulmonary @entity3 of @entity0 accompanied with decreased macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization in the lungs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast cancer lung metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity33997 :: (MESH:D004642,Chemical) :: ['Emodin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the separate effects of erosions (E) ( @entity79 ), @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) (cartilage loss) and (sub)luxation (SLUX) (soft tissue damage) in four different joint groups on @entity717 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: 3-year follow-up data from the @entity309 PreventIon of structural Damage (RAPID) 1 and 2 trials were used. These randomised controlled trials compared certolizumab plus @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) versus @entity6822 in @entity1 with @entity309 . Physical function was measured by Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Radiographic damage was measured by the van der Heijde-modified Sharp score; separate scores for E, @entity2720 and SLUX were available. Generalised estimating equations were performed to assess the relationship between HAQ and E, @entity2720 and SLUX scores, separately and in all joint groups. RESULTS: In separate models for each type of damage and after adjusting for age, gender, baseline disease activity and treatment group, E and @entity2720 were more strongly associated with HAQ than with SLUX. In combined models, @entity2720 was the only type of lesion associated with HAQ when all joints were included together. When separate joint groups were analysed, E in the wrist and @entity2720 in the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPs) were most strongly associated with function. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity309 , cartilage loss quantified by @entity2720 is an important determinant of physical function. However, when analysing joint groups separately, @entity16 in the wrist and @entity2720 in the MCPs had the most important influence on disability. These data indicate that the comprehensive assessment of joint damage is needed to reliably reflect disease-related damage.

title: Association of the different types of radiographic damage with physical function in XXXX with @entity309 : analysis of the RAPID trials.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['erosive damage']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone damage']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['JSN', 'joint space narrowing']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA-related joint damage', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']