abstract: INTRODUCTION: Multiple environmental and genetic factors are involved with the development of @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), as well as with @entity0 . @entity5 initiation and progression are often associated with genomic instability such as @entity1017 or losses of large chromosomal segments, known as copy number alterations (CNAs). CNAs have been successfully detected using the microarray comparative genomic hybridization technique (array-CGH) at high resolution. Data thus obtained are useful to identify specific genomic aberrations, to classify @entity5 stages, and to stratify subgroups of @entity1 with different prognosis and clinical behaviors. CASE DESCRIPTION: Clinical study of a 66-year-old white female identified two @entity5 , a ductal invasive grade-II @entity0 , and one nodular @entity1491 . Germline and @entity5 genomic survey utilized the 180 K array-CGH analysis to investigate chromosomal alterations. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: Several @entity2008 were detected in the @entity0 genome, including focal ~422 Kb 13q13.3 microdeletion. In the @entity1491 , amplification of a chromosome 6 spanning the centromere region between the cytobands 6p23 and 6q12 was identified. Several 6p amplified genes correspond to families of histone and human leukocyte antigen genes, whereas some of the CNAs found in the @entity0 are uncommon. No germline CNA was detected in the normal skin of the @entity1 at this technical resolution. CONCLUSION: CNAs found in the two different @entity5 of the @entity1 constitute independent events arisen in the somatic lineage. Relevant genes to both @entity105 and progression are to be affected by these CNAs.

title: Clinical and genetic characterization of @entity1491 and XXXX in a single @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'carcinoma of the breast', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidies, and gains']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'BCC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1082 ) is the most identifiable cause of @entity135 ( @entity135 ). Compared with HPV-negative @entity135 , @entity135 presents at an advanced stage but with significantly better survival. We created a syngeneic @entity19 model of @entity135 by transforming @entity19 primary tonsil epithelial cells with either HPV oncogenes or a nonantigenic RNA interference strategy that affects similar oncogenic pathways. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of radiation therapy on @entity1083 in immune-competent and immune-incompetent @entity19 and to examine responses in @entity1 @entity5 cell lines. DESIGN: Prospective in vivo @entity19 model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival and @entity5 growth. RESULTS: For @entity1 and @entity19 transformed cell lines, HPV-positive cells were more resistant to radiation and @entity900 therapy compared with HPV-negative cells. In vivo, @entity5 were more sensitive to radiation, with complete clearance at 20 Gy, compared with their HPV-negative counterparts, which showed persistent growth. @entity900 in vivo cleared @entity5 but not HPV-negative @entity5 . However, neither radiation or @entity900 therapy cured immune-incompetent @entity19 . Adoptive transfer of wild-type immune cells into immune-incompetent @entity19 @entity5 clearance with @entity900 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 are not more curable based on increased epithelial sensitivity to @entity900 or radiation therapy. Instead, radiation and @entity900 induce an immune response to this antigenic @entity5 . The implications of these results may lead to novel therapies that enhance @entity5 eradication for @entity5 .

title: Immune response during therapy with @entity900 or radiation for XXXX -related @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell cancer', 'HNSCC', 'HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'restored HPV-positive tumor', 'HPV-positive tumors', 'HPV-positive cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: @entity6502 , a competitive inhibitor of 3 beta-HSD was administered intravenously to a pregnant mare between 292 and 330 days of gestation at doses of 1-3 mg/kg/min. Plasma @entity1420 concentrations fell rapidly during @entity6502 infusion in both the artery and uterine vein and remained significantly depressed for 4-5 h after the start of infusion. The venous arterial (V-A) plasma concentration difference in @entity1420 across the uterus also decreased significantly in response to @entity6502 infusion. There were no significant changes in plasma @entity1420 or in the V-A concentration difference in control animals infused with vehicle alone. The plasma concentration of total unconjugated @entity2931 in the uterine vein was reduced after administration of @entity6502 but remained virtually unchanged in the control experiments. Uterine venous plasma concentrations of PGFM did not change significantly in the control or @entity6502 -treated animals. Arterial plasma @entity701 levels fell initially after @entity6502 treatment but then rose to values significantly greater than before infusion. A similar increase in arterial plasma @entity701 was observed in the control animals. None of the mares delivered after @entity6502 treatment even at the highest dose. These observations demonstrate that inhibition of 3 beta-HSD alters steroidogenesis but has little effect on the length of gestation in the pregnant mare.

title: Effects of inhibiting 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase on plasma XXXX and other steroids in the pregnant mare near term.

entities_list: @entity6502 :: ('MESH:C046855', 'Chemical') :: ['Epostane', 'epostane']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) has become the preferred treatment of @entity1085 . The indications for LC remain unchanged from those for open cholecystectomy (OC). A total of 1525 @entity1 underwent LC at Georgia Baptist Medical Center between December 1989 and December 1992. The procedure was completed in 1,492 @entity1 (97.8%) and required conversion to OC in 33 @entity1 (2.2%). Selective intraoperative cholangiography was used in 165 @entity1 (10.8%). Overall morbidity was 4.06%, and there were four deaths not operatively related, for a 0.26% mortality rate. There have been no biliary ductal injuries. The average hospital stay was 0.82 days, with 37.4% of the @entity1 going home as true outpatients and 44.5% going home on postop Day one. Most published series on LC report a small incidence of @entity130 . We feel that with meticulous dissection of the cystic duct and use of selective intraoperative cholangiography to define unsure anatomy, @entity130 can be minimized.

title: 1525 laparoscopic cholecystectomies without XXXX : a single institution's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['biliary injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['biliary injury']


abstract: The objective of this exploratory, open-label, single-arm, phase II clinical trial was to evaluate @entity7561 (5 mg/m(2)) administered as a 3-hour continuous intravenous infusion every two weeks to @entity1 with locally advanced/metastatic transitional cell @entity189 of the urothelium who relapsed/progressed after first-line chemotherapy. Treatment cycles were repeated for up to 12 cycles or until disease progression, unacceptable @entity137 , @entity1 refusal or treatment delay for >2 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was objective response rate according to RECIST. Secondary endpoints were the rate of SD lasting > or = 6 months and time-to-event variables. @entity137 was assessed using NCI-CTC v. 3.0. Twenty-one @entity1 received 57 treatment cycles. No objective @entity5 responses occurred. SD lasting <6 months was observed in two of 18 evaluable @entity1 . With a median follow-up of 4.6 months, the median PFR and the median OS were 1.4 months and 2.3 months, respectively. The most common AEs were mild to moderate @entity390 , @entity1295 , @entity925 and @entity448 . @entity417 , @entity2905 , and increases in transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and @entity1011 were the most frequent @entity854 . No severe @entity1398 occurred. Treatment was feasible and generally well tolerated in this @entity1 population; however the lack of antitumor activity precludes further studies of @entity7561 in this setting.

title: Phase II study of biweekly @entity7561 as second-line therapy for advanced or metastatic transitional cell XXXX of the urothelium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity7561 :: ('MESH:C098980', 'Chemical') :: ['plitidepsin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of elective-adjunctive radiotherapy given in five 6-Gy fractions to @entity1 with cutaneous @entity320 of the head and neck at high risk for local-regional relapse. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1983 to August 1992, 174 @entity1 (132 @entity1 and 42 @entity1 ) were enrolled. The ages ranged from 16 to 89 years (median: 54 years). One group (n = 79) received elective irradiation after wide local excision of lesions > or = 1.5 mm thick, or Clark's level IV-V, a second group (n = 32) received adjunctive irradiation after excision of primary lesions plus limited neck dissection, and a third group (n = 63) received irradiation after neck dissection for nodal relapse. Each group had a projected local-regional recurrence rate of approximately 50%. The radiotherapy consisted of five fractions of 6 Gy each, specified at Dmax, delivered twice a week, to a total dose of 30 Gy in 2.5 weeks. Electron beams of appropriate energies were used whenever possible. Junction lines between adjoining fields were moved twice to minimize dose heterogeneity. @entity1 were seen at regular intervals to assess disease status and therapy-related complications. @entity1 who relapsed were treated as indicated by the clinical status. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 35 months, 111 of 174 @entity1 were alive. The disease recurred above the clavicles only in six @entity1 , at distant sites in 58 @entity1 , and both local-regionally and at distant sites in nine @entity1 . The actuarial 5-year local-regional control (LRC) and survival rates for the whole group were 88% and 47%, respectively. The thickness of the @entity75 , presence of more than three positive nodes, and extracapsular extension did not influence the LRC rate after radiotherapy (range: 85-92%). However, lesion thickness strongly affected the 5-year survival rate of group 1 @entity1 (i.e., 100% for < or = 1.5 mm thick, but Clark's level IV, 72% for > 1.5-4 mm, and 30% for > 4 mm). In groups 2 and 3, the 5-year survival rate of @entity1 with > three involved nodes was lower than that of @entity1 with one to three positive nodes (23% vs. 39%). The acute tolerance to adjunctive radiotherapy was excellent. Late radiation complications were observed in only three @entity1 . These were moderate neck @entity82 , mild @entity393 , and transient exposure of external auditory canal cartilage. CONCLUSION: The safety of this hypofractionated radiotherapy regimen in the management of cutaneous @entity320 was established in this study. The overall 5-year actuarial LRC rate of 88% was much higher than that of our historical group and that reported in the literature (50%). The survival rate of @entity1 with lesion of 1.5-4 mm thickness was also higher than that observed in other series. Based on these results a prospective randomized study to further define the role of adjunctive postoperative radiotherapy is planned.

title: Postoperative radiotherapy for cutaneous XXXX of the head and neck region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The factors determining the clinical relevance of disseminated @entity5 cells (DTC) in @entity0 @entity1 are largely unknown. Here we compared the specificity and clinical performance of two antibodies frequently used for DTC detection. Reactivities of antibodies A45-B/B3 (A45) and @entity2278 (AE) for selected cytokeratins (CK) were assessed by 2-DE Western Blot analysis. Using these antibodies bone marrow aspirates from 391 @entity0 @entity1 (M(0), pT1-3, pN0-3) were screened for the presence of DTC. To obtain prognostic information, @entity1 were followed up over a median of 83 months for time to relapse and 99 months for time to @entity204 . Among the analyzed CK, AE detected @entity4205 , @entity5822 , @entity10585 , and @entity4166 , whereas A45 recognized @entity5822 and @entity2873 . In total, 24 of 391 @entity1 (6.1%) were DTC-positive for A45, and 41 (10.5%) for AE. Although concordance between the two antibodies was 84.4%, overlap among positive cases was only 3.2%. DTC-positivity with AE and A45 was more frequent in @entity1 of higher nodal status (P=0.019 and P=0.036, respectively). Nearly all @entity1 with A45-positive DTC had hormone receptor-positive @entity5 (23/24), while detection of AE-positive DTC was more frequent among hormone receptor negative @entity1 (P=0.006). Survival analyses of all @entity1 revealed @entity66 -free survival (P=0.039) for @entity1 with A45-positive DTC, whereas the prognostic relevance of AE-positive DTC was restricted to node-positive @entity1 . The clinical utility of immunocytochemical (ICC) DTC detection depends on the anti-CK antibody used, which may reflect the complex CK composition of DTC.

title: Detection and clinical relevance of early disseminated XXXX cells depend on their cytokeratin expression pattern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter distant disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that teaching @entity1 to recognise prodromes of @entity162 and @entity308 episodes improved time to recurrence and hospitalization, social function, and performance in employment. Little information is available about which prodromal symptom @entity1 with @entity162 recognise as being the very first symptom of recurrence. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to describe the very first symptoms in @entity162 or @entity308 recurrence reported by @entity1 with @entity162 and to explore associations between the ability to recognise these prodromal symptoms and the clinical characteristics of these @entity1 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional, descriptive design. SETTINGS: Five @entity146 outpatient clinics in the Netherlands. @entity1 : 111 outpatients diagnosed with @entity162 , currently not in an episode. METHODS: Data were obtained through a face-to-face interview with open ended questions and a questionnaire for demographic and clinical characteristics. Reported prodromes were categorised in an instrument inductively constructed and based on literature review and expert opinion. Associations were calculated with chi squares. RESULTS: The first recognised symptom of recurrence in @entity162 was change in energy level (21%), sleep (17%), and social functioning (16%). In @entity308 it was change in thought (15%), mood stability (12%), energy level (12%), social functioning (11%), and sleep (10%). Twenty-eight percent of the @entity1 were not able to recognise prodromes of recurrence in @entity162 . Also 28% was not able to recognise prodromes of @entity308 , and 12% was not able to recognise either of them. A significant association (p=0.033) was found between the ability to recognise prodromes of @entity308 and the lifetime number of @entity308 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 are able to recognise prodromes of recurrence. These warning signs often emerge early in the process of recurrence. Our results suggest that @entity1 learn to recognise prodromes of recurrence rather by experience than from therapeutic interventions. Talking to @entity1 and their relatives closely after recovered from an episode to construct the early phase of recurrence can be important to improve recognition and prevent future episodes of @entity162 or @entity308 .

title: Recognising prodromes of @entity162 or XXXX recurrence in outpatients with @entity162 : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: The liver from a 6-day-old @entity1573 embryo was transplanted on the chorioallantoic membrane of a 9-day-old @entity1573 embryo to observe the process of @entity409 histologically. When a piece of the liver was implanted on the chorioallantoic membrane, only cells in the superficial zone of the graft adhering to the chorioallantoic membrane survived. Eventually, these surviving cells in the superficial zone proliferated with @entity1210 , resulting in the formation of clusters of blood cells surrounded by the hepatocytes (or hepatic parenchymal cells). Semi-thin serial sections showed that these clusters of blood cells were confined to the space formed by hepatocytes. Furthermore, structures similar to the hepatic cord, sinusoid, central vein, and bile duct appeared in the reconstructed liver eleven days after transplantation. Meanwhile, when a pellet of the dissociated liver cells was transplanted onto the chorioallantoic membrane, two types of liver like structures were reconstructed: one was clusters of hepatocytes accompanied by sinusoids after @entity1210 , and the other was a simple accumulation of hepatocytes without any sinusoids or @entity1210 . The sinusoids found in the former type became clear following the connection between the space in the transplant and vessels of the chorioallantoic membrane. These findings indicated that the reconstructed liver was primarily produced by the accumulation of hepatocytes accompanied by @entity1583 cells, followed by the formation of sinusoidal spaces. We therefore consider that @entity1210 is important for @entity409 with a normal structure. @entity409 in the chorioallantoic membrane could be also useful for research into @entity409 .

title: Liver reconstruction on the chorioallantoic membrane of the XXXX embryo.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Transplantation of the liver', 'liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors investigated the associations between enamel @entity3296 , caries and early @entity1388 use among Norwegian @entity1 who received @entity1388 supplementation under a protocol similar to the current U.S. protocol. METHODS: Two examiners whose techniques were calibrated examined randomly selected middle-school-aged @entity1 living in Bergen, Norway-where the water supply contains less than 0.10 milligrams of @entity1388 per liter-for both enamel @entity3296 and caries by using the Fluorosis Risk Index and modified National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research criteria. The authors ascertained past @entity1388 exposure via a follow-up questionnaire mailed to parents. RESULTS: The questionnaire had an 88 percent response rate and 87 percent reliability. Adjusted analyses revealed a strong association between regular supplementation (given in the form of lozenges) and mild to moderate enamel @entity3296 (odds ratio [OR], 6.85; P < .05), as well as @entity3296 of lesser severity (OR, 3.07; P < .05). No @entity1 who had exclusively used only a @entity3587 -sized amount of toothpaste (0.1 percent @entity1388 ) had mild to moderate @entity3296 . The authors found a 40 percent reduction in caries risk associated with early use of @entity3587 -sized amounts of fluoridated toothpaste and a 46 percent reduction associated with regular use of @entity1388 supplement lozenges. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that both risk of @entity3296 development and caries-preventive benefit are associated with regular use of @entity1388 supplements, and caries prevention was associated with early use of a @entity3587 -sized amount of toothpaste. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings underscore the need for clinicians to consider thoroughly-and discuss with a @entity1 's parent or guardian-both the benefit and the potential risk of @entity3296 development associated with preventive @entity1388 agents before introducing them. Clinicians also should emphasize the proper use of such agents.

title: The risk of enamel XXXX and caries among Norwegian @entity1 : implications for Norway and the United States.

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity3296 :: (MESH:D009050,Disease) :: ['fluorosis']


abstract: AIMS: To assess clinical equivalence of 20 mg controlled-release @entity1288 (Oxygesic; Mundipharma, Limburg, Germany) and 200 mg controlled-release tramadol (Tramal long; Grunenthal, Aachen, Germany) on a 12-hour dosing schedule in a randomized, double-blinded study of 54 ASA I-III physical status (American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of physical status) @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity0 . METHODS: General anesthesia using @entity1937 and @entity1875 was performed for surgery. @entity1 were randomly allocated to 2 groups, receiving either 20 mg controlled-release @entity1288 (Oxy group) or 200 mg controlled-release tramadol (Trama group) with the premedication (7.5 mg @entity1363 ) and again 12 hours later. All @entity1 had access to rescue medication (i.v. @entity1443 ). The primary variables for clinical equivalence were the differences between the mean values for @entity158 scores at rest and @entity158 scores on coughing over 24 hours after operation. The equivalence margin was determined as +/-10 on the visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 were enrolled. Regarding @entity158 scores at rest, the 90% CI of the mean differences between the treatment groups over 24 hours after operation was found to be within the predefined equivalence margin [-4.5 to +1.7], and the CI values for @entity158 scores on coughing [-6.2 to +1.7] were similar. Cumulative @entity1443 given over the 24-hour observation period did not differ significantly between the Oxy group (1.32 +/-1.9 g) and the Trama group (1.61 +/- 1.1 g; p = 0.32). There were no significant differences between the treatment groups regarding adverse events such as @entity390 (p = 0.13), @entity391 (p = 0.24) and itching (p = 0.77). Also, no differences were found concerning @entity1 satisfaction scores (p = 0.8) or @entity1 ' general perception of @entity282 management (p = 0.71). CONCLUSION: 20 mg controlled-release @entity1288 is clinically equivalent to 200 mg controlled-release tramadol for postoperative analgesia after surgery for @entity0 .

title: Clinical equivalence of controlled-release XXXX 20 mg and controlled-release tramadol 200 mg after surgery for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['oxycodone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individuals with @entity161 ( @entity161 ) and individuals with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) demonstrate @entity2414 and decreased enjoyment of pleasant experiences (e.g., @entity4270 ). However, it is unclear whether these impairments reflect similar or different processes in the two diagnostic groups. This study compared emotional memory performance in three groups of females - controls, @entity308 , and @entity161 . Given that physical and social trait @entity4270 has been shown to differentiate course of @entity66 , the present study also examined whether trait @entity4270 related to emotional memory differently in the groups. @entity1 viewed emotional and neutral images and twenty-four hours later completed an incidental recognition test. @entity161 @entity1 demonstrated a trend for the worst memory performance. Across all groups, high intensity and negative images were remembered most accurately, while groups were not differentially influenced by the valence of the stimuli. Physical @entity4270 was predictive of reduced memory for negative stimuli across all diagnostic groups. Group specific findings indicated that higher levels of social @entity4270 were predictive of poorer memory, but only in the @entity161 group. Effects remained significant when controlling for @entity308 . Results are considered in light of the differing role of @entity4270 in @entity161 and @entity308 .

title: Associations between trait @entity2414 in females with @entity161 versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depressive symptoms', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['illness and emotional functioning within each disorder']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired emotional memory']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation has become the preferred treatment for common @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) in @entity1 and adolescents, but long-term follow-up data on pediatric @entity1 remain limited. METHODS: To provide follow-up data, we created a population-based prospective pediatric catheter ablation registry in 1997. All @entity1 underwent clinical follow-up at 1 month and 1 year after the procedure. The follow-up data were completed with a single questionnaire in 2010. RESULTS: Of 318 @entity1 , 289 (91%) required one to three procedures for successful ablation. A total of 211 (66%) @entity1 had an accessory pathway, 97 (31%) @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 , and 10 (3%) @entity591 . Two (0.6%) of the 318 @entity1 had serious complications: the first had a complete @entity713 and required a pacemaker, while the second had a @entity2294 , which was treated with drainage. A successful ablation procedure was followed by a recurrence in 18 (6%) @entity1 during childhood. In addition, two @entity1 had @entity955 and one had a focal @entity591 as adults after a successful ablation procedure during childhood. Moreover, 12 (4%) @entity1 , who had undergone a successful ablation, complained of increased heart rate after exercise compared to their status before the procedure. CONCLUSION: In our cohort study of 318 pediatric @entity1 , with a mean follow-up of 5 years, @entity4710 ablation was successful for 91% of the @entity1 . @entity943 recurred in 6% of the @entity1 . The increased sinus rate following radiofrequency ablation, observed in 4% of pediatric @entity1 , constitutes a new finding, which warrants attention in other @entity1 series.

title: Population-based single-center outcome for pediatric catheter ablation of common XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular nodal']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['hemopericardium']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combined oral contraceptive Yasmin ( @entity4863 3 mg plus @entity2082 30 microg [DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg]) has been shown to be a well tolerated and effective combination that provides high contraceptive reliability and good cycle control. Furthermore, DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg has been shown to have a positive effect on @entity1109 and well-being/health-related quality of life, and to improve the @entity272 of @entity1 with acne. To date, however, there have been relatively few studies that have compared the effects of DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg on the general well-being of @entity1 with those of other oral contraceptives. OBJECTIVES: To compare the impact of DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg with that of levonorgestrel 150 microg/EE 30 microg (LNG 150 microg/EE 30 microg; Microgynon 30) on various parameters associated with well-being in healthy female subjects. METHODS: This was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, multicentre study conducted using 21/7-day regimens of DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg and LNG 150 microg/EE 30 microg over seven cycles. Efficacy parameters included: changes in Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) normative T scores; the proportion of subjects with acne; and menstrual symptoms. Cycle control and subjective well-being parameters were also assessed. RESULTS: Treatment with DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg had similar beneficial effects on symptoms of water retention and impaired concentration to LNG 150 microg/EE 30 microg, but was significantly better in alleviating negative affect symptoms during the menstrual phase (median difference in MDQ T score -3; p = 0.027; Wilcoxon rank sum test). The proportion of subjects with acne decreased from approximately 55% to approximately 45% in the DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg group, but remained static at approximately 60% in the LNG 150 microg/EE 30 microg group. Somatic and @entity1109 occurred at the greatest intensity and for most subjects during the menstrual phase of the cycle in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both drugs had similar cycle control parameters with a tendency towards reduced @entity548 with continued use. More subjects in the DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg group reported improved physical well-being (60% vs 46%; p = 0.035; chi-squared [chi2] test). Emotional well-being was reported improved in 61% and 51% of DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg and LNG 150 microg/EE 30 microg users, respectively (p = 0.1190; chi2 test). Adverse events were typical of oral contraceptive use and did not give rise to any safety concerns. Both products had similar beneficial effects on symptoms of water retention and impaired concentration, but DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg was significantly better in alleviating negative affect symptoms during the menstrual phase. The proportion of subjects with acne decreased in the DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg group but not in the LNG 150 microg/EE 30 microg group. More subjects in the DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 microg group reported improved physical well-being compared with the LNG 150 microg/EE 30 microg group.

title: Effects of oral contraceptives containing @entity2082 with either XXXX or levonorgestrel on various parameters associated with well-being in healthy @entity1 : a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms', 'premenstrual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition']

answer: @entity4863 :: (MESH:C035144,Chemical) :: ['drospirenone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Areca chewers have a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases than non-chewers. This study was to determine the possible effects of ripe areca nut extracts (rANE) on viability and gene expression of @entity623 ( @entity623 ), @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) in @entity1 osteoblasts. METHODS: The effects of rANE on cell viability of osteoblast-like MG63 cells were determined using @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) that measures metabolic activity. Gene expression of @entity623 , @entity5298 and @entity2159 was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. @entity623 activity and @entity5298 protein were further examined using substrate assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: Relative viability was reduced to approximately 50% when 25 microg/ml of rANE was used. The expression of @entity2159 mRNA in MG63 cells was not altered by rANE. However, decreased levels of mRNA and enzyme activity of @entity623 were observed. Moreover, the expressions of mRNA and protein of @entity5298 were stimulated by rANE in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: The rANE affected morphology and viability of osteoblasts. We also present novel evidence demonstrating that areca nut may compromise the periodontal health of areca chewers by suppression of @entity623 gene expression and elevation of @entity5298 gene expression in osteoblasts.

title: Areca nut extracts modulated expression of XXXX and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand in osteoblasts.

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['RANKL', 'receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity623 :: (250,Gene) :: ['alkaline phosphatase']


abstract: Two @entity1 with the @entity4555 exhibited unusual cutaneous manifestations. They both fulfilled four criteria for @entity1252 and had experienced @entity1150 . The first @entity1 suffered from a leg ulcer that resembled a @entity6794 . The second @entity1 presented erythematous and purplish macules on the fingertips. The histologic studies showed only microthrombosis in the dermal vessels without @entity1333 , although such lesions in @entity1252 are usually attributed to @entity1333 . The association of these cutaneous lesions with @entity4555 has never been reported. It is likely that this association is not fortuitous. After a review of the literature, it seems possible to individualize a new syndrome characterized by the presence of a subgroup of antiphospholipid antibodies. @entity715 , @entity2208 , neurologic manifestations, @entity120 , positive results of a Coombs' test, and @entity882 can be included in this syndrome, which overlaps with @entity1252 . Certain cutaneous symptoms are associated with the presence of @entity4555 or other antiphospholipid antibodies: leg @entity1066 , distal cutaneous @entity63 , widespread cutaneous @entity39 , and livedo. They can be considered as the dermatologic manifestations of this syndrome.

title: Cutaneous manifestations associated with the presence of the XXXX . A report of two cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

answer: @entity4555 :: (MESH:C531622,Disease) :: ['lupus anticoagulant']


abstract: Granzyme (Gzm) is an important member of @entity563 protease family, and key component in the specific and non-specific cell-mediated @entity137 . Partial @entity24570 /K cDNA sequence of @entity7136 ( @entity7136 L.) was isolated from thymus cDNA library by the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Subsequently, the full length cDNA of @entity7136 @entity24570 /K was obtained by means of 3' RACE and 5' RACE, respectively. The full length cDNA of @entity7136 @entity24570 /K was 1053 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 65 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 214 bp, and an open reading frame of 774 bp. @entity535 sequence analysis indicated the existence of a signal peptide, eight consensus @entity462 residues, one conserved IIGG motif and three conserved residues as central elements of the @entity24570 /K active site. @entity7136 @entity24570 /K shared 36% and 39% @entity535 identity to @entity1 @entity24570 and K, respectively, and was phylogenetically related to the granzyme A and K subgroups. Then, a genomic DNA, which covers the promoter region and entire coding region of @entity7136 @entity24570 /K, was obtained by PCR. In the 5.4 k-long genomic sequence, five exons and four introns were identified. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that @entity7136 @entity24570 /K transcript was predominantly detected in the immune-related tissues, and after SVCV infection, was up-regulated in most immune-related tissues in a time-dependent manner. Real-time RT-PCR results also showed that @entity7136 @entity24570 /K transcript was up-regulated in thymus tissue of GH transgenic @entity7136 . These results will help to understand the molecular characterization and the potential role of teleost @entity24570 /K, a cytotoxic cell granule-associated @entity563 protease.

title: Identification and characterization of @entity7136 ( XXXX L.) granzyme A/K, a cytotoxic cell granule-associated @entity563 protease.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['Carp', 'carp', 'common carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['Cyprinus carpio']


abstract: A sensitive analytical method for the determination of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) in urine and plasma matrices was developed using double solid phase extraction (C18 and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) and subsequent analysis by HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The double SPE sample cleanup efficiently reduced matrix and ion suppression effects. Together with the use of ion pair reagent in the mobile phase, isocratic elution became possible which enabled a shorter analysis time of 5.5 min per sample. The assay results were linear up to 500 ng mL(-1) for urine and 20 ng mL(-1) for plasma. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.13 ng mL(-1) and 2.5 ng mL(-1), respectively, for both biological matrices. Recoveries were in the range of 75-81%. To eliminate the effect of @entity2700 and variations in urinary output, urinary @entity1011 -adjustment was made. @entity4524 was quantified in eight urine samples and seven plasma samples from eight @entity1 suspected of having @entity4524 @entity4968 . @entity4524 was detected in all urine samples, with concentrations ranging from 17.6 to 460.5 ng mL(-1), but was not detected in any of the plasma samples. The @entity1011 -adjusted @entity4524 concentration in urine (ranging from 7.4 to 41.1 ng  mol(-1) @entity1011 ) correlated well with the degree of @entity4968 as observed from clinical symptoms.

title: Development and validation of a high-throughput double solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of @entity1022 in XXXX urine and plasma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nearly half of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans experience continued @entity158 post-deployment. Several investigations report analgesic effects of @entity7997 and other neurosteroids in animal models, but few data are currently available focusing on neurosteroids in clinical populations. @entity7997 positively modulates @entity1246 (A) receptors and demonstrates pronounced analgesic and anxiolytic effects in rodents, yet studies examining the relationship between @entity158 and @entity7997 in @entity1 are limited. We thus hypothesized that endogenous @entity7997 and other neurosteroid levels may be negatively correlated with self-reported @entity158 symptoms in @entity1 . DESIGN: We determined serum neurosteroid levels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ( @entity7997 , @entity3333 ) or radioimmunoassay ( @entity2494 [ @entity2494 ], @entity1420 , @entity9027 [DHEAS]) in 90 male veterans who served in the U.S. military after September 11, 2001. Self-reported @entity158 symptoms were assessed in four areas ( @entity1643 , @entity662 , @entity925 , @entity10 ). Stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between @entity158 assessments and neurosteroids, with the inclusion of smoking, @entity167 use, age, and history of @entity131 as covariates. SETTING: Durham VA Medical Center. RESULTS: @entity7997 levels were inversely associated with @entity1643 (P=0.044) and @entity662 (P=0.013), and @entity2494 levels were inversely associated with @entity925 (P=0.024). DHEAS levels were positively associated with @entity662 (P=0.001). Additionally, there was a positive association between @entity131 and @entity925 (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: @entity21136 may be relevant to the pathophysiology of self-reported @entity158 symptoms in this veteran cohort, and could represent future pharmacological targets for @entity2531 .

title: Neurosteroids and self-reported XXXX in veterans who served in the U.S. Military after September 11, 2001.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity21136 :: ('MESH:D018377', 'Chemical') :: ['Neurosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7997 :: ('MESH:D011280', 'Chemical') :: ['Allopregnanolone', 'allopregnanolone']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain disorders']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA sulfate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle soreness']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Intracellular [ @entity141 ]i handling has been shown to be altered in isolated ventricular myocytes from @entity1 with @entity712 . The aim of this study was to evaluate if alterations of intracellular [ @entity141 ]i handling and triggering @entity141 currents in @entity7863 (strain BIO 14.6) with @entity712 might be similar to changes found in myocytes of @entity1 with @entity712 and, therefore if the hamster might serve as a model for @entity712 in @entity1 . Cells were isolated from hearts of hamsters developing @entity296 (CMP) (strain BIO 14.6) at 12-14 months of age with overt signs of @entity712 . Results were compared with age-matched, undiseased control animals (CTRL). [ @entity141 ]i transients and @entity141 currents were recorded simultaneously from isolated cells under voltage clamp perfused internally with the @entity141 indicator, @entity593 . @entity141 current densities in myocytes from CMP hamsters were -6.6 +/- 0.6 versus -8.3 +/- 0.5 microA/cm2 (P < 0.05) in CTRL. Resting [ @entity141 ]i levels were not significantly different. Peak [ @entity141 ]i transients were significantly decreased in CMP cells (450 +/- 52 nM versus 1031 +/- 98 nM in CTRL, P < 0.05). The rate of diastolic [ @entity141 ]i decay was slower in cells from CMP animals ( @entity3138 +/- 19 versus 109 +/- 16 ms; P < 0.05). A moderate negative correlation was found between cell surface area and [ @entity141 ]i transients (r = 0.42; P < 0.05). It is concluded that changes of intracellular [ @entity141 ]i handling may play an important role in altered contractility of the myocardium of hamsters with @entity296 in the late stage of @entity712 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intracellular calcium handling in isolated ventricular myocytes from @entity7863 (strain BIO 14.6) with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'terminal heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity7863 :: ('MESH:D044542', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathic hamsters']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: @entity137 with @entity1712 and @entity16 (DRESS) or @entity7586 is considered as a severe cutaneous @entity137 which is most commonly precipitated by aromatic anticonvulsants, @entity2812 , @entity3761 , @entity208 , @entity1214 , and @entity3378 . Its clinical manifestations are often variable. On rare occasions, it can present with only systemic involvement without any cutaneous features. A complete drug history is of paramount importance in making an early diagnosis. We report the case of a male @entity1 who presented with @entity221 , @entity3329 , @entity828 , and @entity99 , 2 weeks after starting @entity3378 . The presence of atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral smear was indicative of a @entity1800 or a @entity1503 . Bone marrow examination revealed a normocellular marrow with an increase in eosinophil precursors. Investigations for the common causes for @entity221 and @entity99 were negative. The presence of @entity1712 , the temporal relationship of the symptoms with the initiation of treatment with @entity3378 , and the marked improvement on withdrawal of the drug along with the administration of systemic @entity288 , were features consistent with the diagnosis of DRESS. With the incidence of this condition showing a rising trend, it is important for the clinician to be aware of its variable manifestations, as a delay in diagnosis and treatment can be fatal.

title: @entity137 with XXXX and @entity16 without skin rash.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug reaction', 'adverse drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['systemic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity7586 :: ('MESH:D063926', 'Disease') :: ['drug hypersensitivity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['salazopyrin']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: PCV7 was first licensed in the United States in 2000 based on clinical efficacy studies. Since the introduction, PCV7 has demonstrated protective effectiveness for each of the vaccine serotypes. More recently, PCV13 has been licensed in more than 60 countries based on serological noninferiority to PCV7 for the shared serotypes and noninferiority to the least immunogenic serotypes of PCV7 for the additional 6 serotypes in PCV13. To evaluate whether the functional antibody responses to serotypes 1, 3, and 5 were sufficient to protect animals challenged with virulent strains of these serotypes, @entity2608 were immunized with three clinical doses of PCV13. The macaques mounted robust anti-capsular polysaccharide IgG and opsonophagocytic killing (OPA) responses to each serotype contained in the vaccine. Pooled pre-immunization sera and post-immunization serum pools were tested in a neonatal @entity35 @entity2259 model. Passive transfer of pooled post-immunization sera, but not pre-immunization sera, protected neonatal @entity35 from lethal IP challenge with serotype 1, 3, or 5 strains. The functional activity of PCV13 immune sera against a virulent type 3 strain was further evaluated using sera from @entity1 @entity1 immunized with 4 doses of PCV7 or PCV13. Pooled sera from @entity1 immunized with PCV13, but not pooled sera from @entity1 immunized with PCV7, which does not contain the serotype 3 polysaccharide conjugate, protected neonatal @entity35 from lethal IP challenge with a highly encapsulated and virulent serotype 3 strain. These data suggest that PCV13 will provide protection against pneumococcal serotype 1, 3, and 5 disease in @entity1 populations, even at relatively low OPA titers.

title: 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immune sera protects against pneumococcal serotype 1, 3, and 5 XXXX in a neonatal @entity35 challenge model.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: The socioeconomic impact of @entity308 is considerable, due to poor @entity1 functioning and @entity73 , bed disability days, and use of health care resources. @entity308 and the side effects of antidepressants medication also adversely affect @entity1 ' quality of life (QOL). However, few clinical trials of @entity308 examine QOL as a measure of treatment outcome. A comprehensive, quantitative QOL instrument for @entity308 was recently tested and validated as conforming to accepted psychometric standards. The @entity3756 quality of life battery (SQOLB) consists of nine domains measuring health perceptions: energy/vitality, cognitive function, social interaction, @entity146 , work behavior, home management, life satisfaction, and bed disability days. The SQOLB has been used in two open-label trials of @entity3756 . In the first study, the SQOLB was administered to 400 @entity1 with @entity308 at baseline and final visit in a 6 week, open-label, general practice study. At endpoint, mean Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores were significantly improved. The QOL battery also showed significant (p < 0.001) positive changes from baseline to final visit in all nine domains measured. In the second study, the SQOLB was used as part of an 8 week, open-label trial of @entity3756 in 308 UK hospital outpatients being treated for @entity308 by psychiatrists. @entity3756 was effective in managing the @entity308 and caused statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) in all QOL domains measured. The QOL scales give a better indication of the effect of pervasive @entity308 on a @entity1 's life than rating scales of depressive symptomatology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quality of life: experience with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'major depression', 'Major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['alertness behavior']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['increased social impairment']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertraline', 'sertraline']

answer: @entity3756 :: (MESH:D020280,Chemical) :: ['sertraline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1460 cyst @entity2199 (Heterodera glycines, @entity8943 ) is the most economically damaging pathogen of @entity1460 ( @entity1460 ) in the U.S. The @entity20828 locus is repeatedly observed as the quantitative trait locus with the greatest impact on @entity8943 resistance. The Glyma18g02680.1 gene at the @entity20828 locus that encodes an apparent @entity368 -rich repeat transmembrane receptor-kinase (LRR-kinase) has been proposed to be the @entity8943 resistance gene, but its function has not been confirmed. Generation of fertile transgenic @entity1460 lines is difficult but methods have been published that test @entity8943 resistance in transgenic roots generated with @entity7060 . RESULTS: We report use of artificial microRNA (amiRNA) for gene silencing in @entity1460 , refinements to transgenic root @entity8943 resistance assays, and functional tests of the @entity20828 locus LRR-kinase gene. A @entity2199 demographics assay monitored infecting @entity2199 populations for their progress through developmental stages two weeks after inoculation, as a metric for @entity8943 resistance. Significant differences were observed between resistant and susceptible control genotypes. Introduction of the @entity20828 locus LRR-kinase gene (genomic promoter/coding region/terminator; Peking/PI 437654-derived @entity8943 -resistant source), into @entity20828 - @entity8943 -susceptible plant lines carrying the resistant-source Rhg4+ locus, provided no significant increases in @entity8943 resistance. Use of amiRNA to reduce expression of the LRR-kinase gene from the @entity20828 locus of Fayette (PI 88788 source of @entity20828 ) also did not detectably alter resistance to @entity8943 . However, silencing of the LRR-kinase gene did have impacts on root development. CONCLUSION: The @entity2199 demographics assay can expedite testing of transgenic roots for @entity8943 resistance. amiRNAs and the pSM103 vector that drives interchangeable amiRNA constructs through a @entity1460 polyubiqutin promoter (Gmubi), with an intron-GFP marker for detection of transgenic roots, may have widespread use in legume biology. Studies in which expression of the @entity20828 locus LRR-kinase gene from different resistance sources was either @entity465 did not reveal significant impacts on @entity8943 resistance.

title: A XXXX demographics assay in transgenic roots reveals no significant impacts of the @entity20828 locus LRR-Kinase on @entity1460 cyst @entity2199 resistance.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity7060 :: ('359', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium rhizogenes']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['reduced or complemented']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['Soybean', 'soybean', 'Glycine max']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: The @entity2914 described by Morgagni in 1761 and by Larrey in 1829 is a rare @entity18420 that may be considered nearly always congenital. It is called in so many ways, but the authors think that "anterior @entity2914 of Morgagni-Larrey" is the most correct name. Usually asymptomatic in the first years of life, it may be discovered by chance or cause problems in the adult or elderly @entity1 . The Morgagni-Larrey @entity547 includes every peritoneal or visceral @entity547 across an anterior @entity2914 door limited by the right xifosternal-costal wall and, on the back, by diaphragm, pleura and pericardium. Morgagni-Larrey @entity547 usually has a peritoneal sac, that distinguishes this @entity547 from the Bochdalek one. Because of the presence of the sac, Morgagni-Larrey @entity547 probably begins in the fetal phase of @entity2914 evolution, when pleura and peritoneum separate and the diaphragm becomes a real muscle. The @entity547 often contains: transverse colon, liver, epiploon, but sometimes there may also be small bowel, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder. The diagnosis of Morgagni-Larrey @entity547 is usually radiological; a thoracic radiography can demonstrate the presence of @entity2914 especially when the viscera contained in the sac contain air. So you can see different images in a second radiography one hour later to the first, depending on variation of contained air.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Morgagni-Larrey XXXX . Personal case series].

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia', 'diaphragmatic']

entities_list: @entity18420 :: ('MESH:C538070', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic anomaly']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ) of the breast differs from @entity513 ( @entity513 ) in numerous respects - including its genetics, clinical phenotype, metastatic pattern, and chemosensitivity - most experts continue to manage @entity1137 and @entity513 identically in the adjuvant setting. Here we address this discrepancy by comparing early-stage @entity1137 and @entity513 in two @entity0 @entity1 cohorts of differing nationality and ethnicity. METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 2029 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 diagnosed in Hong Kong (HK) and Australia (AUS) were compared. Interrelationships between @entity5 histology and other clinicopathologic variables, including ER/PR and Ki67, were analysed. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-nine @entity1 were identified with @entity1137 (11.8%) and 1790 @entity1 with @entity513 . AUS @entity1 were older (p <0.001) and more often postmenopausal (p <0.03) than HK @entity1 . As expected, @entity1137 were lower in grade and proliferative rate, and more often ER-positive and @entity1722 -negative, than @entity513 (p <0.002); yet despite this, @entity1137 were as likely as @entity513 to present with nodal metastases (p >0.7). Moreover, whereas @entity513 exhibited a strongly negative relationship between ER/PR and Ki67 status (p <0.0005), @entity1137 failed to demonstrate any such inverse relationship (p >0.6). CONCLUSION: These data imply that the primary adhesion defect in @entity1137 underlies a secondary stromal-epithelial disconnect between hormonal signaling and @entity5 growth, suggesting in turn that this peritumoral feedback defect could reduce both the antimetastatic (adjuvant) and tumorilytic (palliative) efficacy of cytotoxic therapies for such @entity5 . Hence, we caution against assuming similar adjuvant chemotherapeutic survival benefits for @entity1137 and @entity513 with similar ER and Ki67, whether based on immunohistochemical or gene expression assays.

title: Lobular @entity0 lack the inverse relationship between ER/PR status and cell growth rate characteristic of XXXX in two independent @entity1 cohorts: implications for @entity5 biology and adjuvant therapy.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ILC tumors', 'ILC', 'invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC tumors', 'IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['ductal cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ) who presented to an inner-city hospital system, given that the rigorous treatment and follow-up for @entity1469 is often problematic for certain @entity1 of low socioeconomic status with limited resources and social support. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed with IRB approval of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1469 based on the revised WHO scoring system from 1999-2010 at our institution. SPSS Statistics software was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 were treated for @entity1469 : 32 low-risk and 17 high-risk. Low-risk @entity1 received an average of 5 cycles of initial single-agent chemotherapy. Six @entity1 had persistent disease and were switched to a second single-agent regimen. One @entity1 required multiagent chemotherapy for normalization of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin levels. No @entity1 had recurrence of disease. All high-risk @entity1 were initially treated with multiagent chemotherapy, averaging 8 cycles. Two of the 17 @entity1 persisted; 1 recurred. @entity5953 currently have no evidence of disease. No @entity1 died of disease. CONCLUSION: Excellent treatment outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1469 may be achieved in disadvantaged populations when compliance to regimens is optimized.

title: Outcomes of Treatment of XXXX in a Primarily Indigent Urban Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia', 'GTN']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed the use of alternating drugs with differing mechanisms of action as treatment for advanced @entity1149 . BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the shape of a dose-response curve would be determined by the major mechanisms of resistance of a @entity5 to the drug being studied. Assessment of data from published clinical trials suggested that if our hypothesis were correct resistance of @entity1149 to most agents is due to "saturable passive" resistance mechanisms (non-competitive inhibition of @entity24882 of a factor required for drug effect) rather than to "active" resistance mechanisms (competitive inhibition of drug effect due to excess of a factor) or to "non-saturable passive resistance (due to factor alteration or mutation). Using drugs with differing mechanisms of action is a strategy that might be of value against passive resistance. METHOD: In @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 , we used four alternating @entity900 -based regimens. In each regimen, @entity900 80 mg/m(2) was given iv on day 1 of each course. The regimens were: @entity900 + @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) days 1, 8 and 15, @entity900 + @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) days 1, 8 and 15, @entity900 + @entity1311 200 mg/m(2) day 1 iv over 1h, and @entity900 + @entity2879 100 mg/m(2) po days 1-6. @entity1 were assigned randomly to different regimen sequences. @entity1 first received 1 course of each of these 4 regimens, then received 1 further course of each of single agent @entity1206 , @entity136 , @entity1311 and @entity2879 (at the same doses as in courses 1-4), without @entity900 . ( @entity900 was omitted from courses 5-8 to limit cumulative @entity137 .) Change in @entity5 size was measured after each course. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 were entered. One @entity1 achieved complete remission and nine achieved partial remissions, for an objective response rate of 28% (95% confidence intervals, 13-43%). Nineteen @entity1 (53%) (95% confidence intervals, 37-69%) had stable disease. Eleven @entity1 had growth of >10% on one regimen followed by @entity5 shrinkage of >10% on a later one. Median survival was 8.1 months, 1-year survival was 28% and 2-year survival was 6%. No unexpected @entity137 was seen. CONCLUSIONS: The use of four alternating regimens is feasible in advanced @entity1149 . Response rates and survival times were comparable to those observed for standard chemotherapy approaches, suggesting that this strategy does not offer any major advantage. We plan to explore the hypothesis that this approach failed since @entity5 cells surviving first exposure to chemotherapy rapidly down-regulate their ability to undergo apoptosis.

title: Phase II study of alternating chemotherapy regimens for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity24882 :: ('MESH:D065606', 'Disease') :: ['drug effect due to deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Low plasma corticotropin is considered a useful parameter for the diagnosis of subclinical @entity699 in @entity1 with an @entity700 . However, immunoassays are vulnerable to interference from endogenous antibodies. In this study, subjects who underwent Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis evaluation for the assessment of subclinical @entity699 were evaluated. The objective of the study was to ascertain whether antibody interference in corticotropin immunoassay affected the diagnostic work-up and clinical decisions. METHODS: The 437 consecutive @entity1 with incidentally discovered @entity652 were included in this single centre study. @entity1 who had a combination of a nonsuppressed corticotropin concentration (>4.4   pmol/L) and a non-suppressed @entity701 concentration after 1   mg overnight @entity619 suppression test (>50   nmol/L) were selected. Eight eligible subjects without specific features of @entity699 were identified and recruited for interference studies and follow-up. Nine controls including one @entity1 with unilateral adrenalectomy and one @entity1 with @entity699 were recruited as well. MEASUREMENTS: Eligible subjects and controls were subjected to hormonal tests and investigations for suspected interference. Interference studies included measurement of corticotropin on a different analytical platform, serial dilutions, @entity968 precipitation and heterophilic antibody analysis. @entity1 were followed with clinical and laboratory parameters for a median duration of 30 (12-90) months. RESULTS: Antibody interference was identified in four @entity1 . Rheumatoid factor was responsible for the interference in one @entity1 . Clinical management of the @entity1 was affected by the erroneous results. Interference tests were negative in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Erroneous results associated with analytical interference negatively impacted on clinical decision making in this @entity1 group. This should be considered particularly in conditions such as subclinical @entity699 which decisions depend on laboratory investigations mainly. Analytical interference could explain the high variability observed both in field measurements from @entity1 who were expected to have lower corticotropin concentrations and in subclinical @entity699 prevalence reported by different studies. Many problems can be resolved by ensuring good communication between clinical and laboratory staff.

title: Interference in ACTH immunoassay negatively impacts the management of subclinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentaloma']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['hypercortisolism']


abstract: Urethral reflexes are important regulators of micturition, and impairment of urethral afferent neuronal function may disrupt coordinated bladder and urethral activity, thereby contributing to @entity409 in lower @entity5450 . Chemical stimulation by intraurethral irritant solution perfusion was used to determine whether urethral afferent neuronal function is altered in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity35 were studied 10 wk after @entity3839 injection to induce @entity6 or vehicle alone. Escalating doses of @entity2951 (0.1-30 microM) or @entity1543 (0.01-1%; AA) were perfused intraurethrally while recording isovolumetric bladder activity, urethral perfusion pressure, and electromyography of the external urethral sphincter (EUS-EMG). Some @entity35 were additionally treated with alpha-bungarotoxin, @entity4033 , or bilateral transection of the sensory branches of the pudendal nerves (PudSNx). Intraurethral @entity2951 inhibited @entity1494 in six out of seven control @entity35 but not in any of six @entity6 @entity35 . @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) of intraurethral pressure were observed in five out of six control @entity35 with @entity2951 -induced bladder inhibition. In contrast, intraurethral AA inhibited @entity1494 and enhanced tonic EUS-EMG activity in six out of six control and five out of six @entity6 @entity35 . @entity4365 occurred in four out of six control and three of five @entity6 @entity35 with AA-induced bladder inhibition. Chemically induced bladder inhibition and @entity4365 were not prevented by alpha-bungarotoxin but were eliminated by PudSNx and @entity4033 . Finally, @entity4365 were followed by phasic EUS activity. These findings show that @entity6 affects urethral afferent neurons differentially, compromising those expressing @entity5510 receptors. Urethral smooth muscle @entity4365 are neurogenically mediated and induce EUS activity, revealing the existence of a hitherto undescribed reflex pathway: a smooth-to-striated muscle urethra-to-urethra reflex.

title: Differential vulnerabilities of urethral afferents in XXXX and discovery of a novel urethra-to-urethra reflex.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder contractions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract disorders']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['LFOs', 'Low-frequency oscillations']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: 1. The aim of the present study is to define the trajectory of growing axons as well as to characterize guidance cues mediating neuronal pathfinding in the rostral brain of embryonic @entity1238 . 2. The early embryonic @entity1238 brain consists of a stereotypical pattern of axon tracts arranged about orthogonal axes. This scaffold of axons is constructed around the tracts of the postoptic commissure (TPOC), a pair of longitudinal tracts that course along the ventrolateral surface of the brain. These tracts are connected across the midline by two commissures. Three short tracts join the dorsal brain to the TPOC. 3. The TPOC consists of chemically distinct subpopulations of axons defined by the expression of @entity22649 , novel glycoforms of the neural cell adhesion molecule @entity22650 . Axons expressing @entity22649 -2 sort out in the ventral portion of the TPOC. @entity22649 -2+ axons in the supraoptic tract appear to fasciculate with axons expressing the same cell adhesion molecule in the ventral TPOC. 4. Chondroitin sulphates modulate the growth of axons from the TPOC into the ventral tegmental commissural pathway in the rostral midbrain. 5. Unique guidance cues are responsible for neuronal pathfinding at specific points in the trajectory of growing axons in the rostral brain. We have shown that selective fasciculation mediates the turning of axons into the major longitudinal tract, while specific cues are required for axons to exit this pathway.

title: Neuronal pathfinding during development of the rostral brain in XXXX .

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: The ability to compare treatment results is essential for the proper evaluation of treatment protocols. Especially in the case of exocrine @entity788 different classifications and documentation systems hinder the comparison between institutions and do not allow multicenter analysis across the world. This might explain the vastly different results of similar therapeutical trials and studies. In the classifications used at present, the features included, as well as terminology and description, vary greatly. First attempts to stage pancreatic @entity5 according to UICC criteria were mentioned in the 1987 edition. These rules were predominantly based on the suggestions of the AJCC @entity788 Task Force of 1981 and have since not been changed. In Japan a different staging system has emerged and was first published by the @entity788 ( @entity788 ) in 1986: General Rules for Surgical and Pathological Studies on @entity788 . The major difference between the two classifications concerns the evaluation of local @entity5 growth and the extent of lymph node involvement. Unfortunately most attempts to 'restage' Western @entity1 postoperatively according to the @entity788 criteria, or vice versa, in order to compare treatment results have not added to a clearer understanding. Much in contrary, the results were frequently confusing since not comparable data were nevertheless retrospectively compared. Thus, a uniform standard report is needed, leading to prospective data acquisition and biometric analysis of outcome. The report should serve as a standard format for worldwide data acquisition and documentation and thereby become the common language to describe diagnosis, treatment, pathology and outcome of @entity788 @entity1 undergoing surgical therapy. It should enable: (1) inter-institutional data exchange from different staging systems; (2) comparisons between institutions on an international basis; (3) quality management in clinical practice and studies, and (4) reliable insight into @entity5 biology and differences in growth patterns.

title: Need for a standard report and future directions in pancreatic resections for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Japanese Pancreatic Society', 'JPS', 'pancreatic cancer', 'Cancer of the Pancreas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Skeleton is the most common organ targeted by @entity0 cells, especially from @entity1782 (ER)-positive @entity5 . Metastatic cells can stimulate directly or indirectly osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Tumor-induced @entity3061 is often extensive and leads to the release of large quantities of calcium. @entity5 cells can be thus exposed to high calcium concentrations (40 mM has been reported at the resorption site). However, the effects of Ca2+ on @entity0 cells have been minimally examined. We showed that 20-mM extracellular Ca2+ induced a downregulation of ER protein in MCF-7 cells and caused ER-mediated transactivation of a reporter gene by 55 +/- 10% (mean +/- SD) in MVLN cells (MCF-7 cells stably transfected with ERE and luciferase reporter gene). Moreover, 3 mM Ca2+ increased @entity7273 ( @entity7273 ) expression by 45 +/- 8%. Mg2+ tested at up to 20 mM did not exert any effects, while 17beta-estradiol downregulated ER, transactivated the reporter gene, and enhanced @entity7273 expression. The pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 was able to abrogate the transactivation of the reporter gene and the increase in @entity7273 levels induced by Ca2+, indicating that Ca2+ may exert a weak and specific estrogenic effect in MCF-7 cells. Ca2+ effects on ER probably start at the cell membrane level since a large Ca2+ influx caused by the ionophore A23187 failed to activate ER. We have thus studied the involvement of the membrane calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) that is known to be expressed notably in MCF-7 cells. We first tested the effects of a specific activator of CaR. Exposure to 10(-4) M calcimimetic NPS R-467 mirrored the changes observed with extracellular Ca2+ by inducing a marked decrease in ER protein levels, increasing the transcriptional activity of ER (67 +/- 12%) and stimulating @entity7273 expression (41 +/- 4%). As expected, the NPS S-467 isomer was less effective. Furthermore, a highly selective CaR antagonist partly suppressed the downregulation of ER as well as transactivation of the reporter gene induced by Ca(2+). Our results suggest that the effects of extracellular Ca2+ on ER expression and activity are mediated, at least in part, by the CaR. In summary, calcium released during the process of metastatic @entity79 could modulate the functions of the estrogen receptor, a key receptor involved in @entity0 cells growth and function, and thus participate in the pathogenesis of @entity5 -induced @entity3061 .

title: Extracellular calcium downregulates @entity1782 and increases its transcriptional activity through calcium-sensing receptor in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1782 :: ('2099', 'Gene') :: ['estrogen receptor alpha']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Metastatic cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity7273 :: ('5241', 'Gene') :: ['progesterone receptor', 'PgR']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5563 Background: @entity417 , causing @entity5 , can reduce the efficacy of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), particularly in @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ). Low average weekly nadir hemoglobin (AWNH) has been associated with increased @entity5 recurrence. The incidence, severity, and management of @entity417 , including the use of @entity1307 or blood transfusion, during concurrent chemoradiation for @entity135 is unknown. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 with unresectable @entity135 who were treated with concurrent chemoradiation during 1999-2003 were reviewed. @entity1 with less than 10% planned radiation dosage, @entity8 , or @entity5 of the paranasal sinuses or parotid glands were excluded. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 were included for analyses. Mean age was 59.9 years; 95.6% had stage III or stage IV disease. Mean radiation dose was 65.0 Gy. The incidence of @entity417 was very high: 70.8% had hemoglobin below 10 g/dl; 91.6% below 12 g/dl; mean nadir hemoglobin was 9.0 g/dl; AWNH was 10.7 g/dl. No @entity1 received @entity1307 during @entity1161 . Total episodes of transfusion was 1.8 per @entity1 ; 19/48 (39.6%) were transfused at least once. Mean lowest hemoglobin threshold of transfusion was 7.4 g/dl. The first transfusion occurred at about 3.2 weeks since initiation of radiation. Total blood transfused were 3.3 units per @entity1 . Transfused @entity1 had significantly lower hemoglobin at baseline compared with non-transfused counterparts (10.8 vs 12.4 g/dl, p=0.002). @entity1 who received multiple chemotherapeutic agents concurrently with radiation were more frequently transfused than did @entity1 receiving single-agent @entity902 (47% vs 10%, p=0.03). Most @entity1 who did not receive transfusion remained anemic at the conclusion of @entity1161 ; 51% had hemoglobin below 12 g/dl; 86.2% below 10 g/dl. CONCLUSIONS: @entity417 during concurrent chemoradiation for @entity135 was prevalent. AWNH was critically low, potentially causing insensitivity to @entity1161 . Our @entity1 were mainly managed by transfusion; however, the intensity of transfusion was less than desirable. Further studies using adequate transfusion and/or @entity1307 to improve @entity5 control are warranted No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Incidence, severity, and management of @entity417 during concurrent chemoradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypoxia', 'tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to clarify the anatomy of impacted mandibular third molars in relation to surrounding structures and to investigate the pathway of @entity281 originating from @entity23029 of this tooth. STUDY DESIGN: Computed tomography (CT) images were evaluated in 87 @entity1 with uninfected mandibular third molar impaction and in 12 @entity1 with @entity281 originating from an impacted mandibular third molar. In uninfected @entity1 , bony features around the impacted crown were investigated together with the relationship between the crown and surrounding muscles. In infected @entity1 , involvements of bony and soft tissue structures were evaluated according to the disappearance of cortices and lateral asymmetry of density and shape in the spaces and muscles. RESULTS: In uninfected @entity1 , the disappearance of the lingual cortical plate was observed in 48 (35.3%) impacted molars, while only in 11 (8.1%) teeth for buccal cortices. The cortical thickness was thinner on the lingual side than the buccal side. Sixty-five percent of the masseter muscle horizontally overlapped the crown, while almost all of the medial pterygoid muscle was posteriorly situated apart from the crown. The mylohyoid muscle horizontally overlapped the crown at below or intermediate vertical positions. In infected @entity1 , the involvement of lingual structures was more frequently observed than that of buccal structures. The mylohyoid muscle was involved in 10 (83.3%) of 12 @entity1 . Among them, 8 showed submandibular space involvement. CONCLUSION: CT findings supported the clinical observations of @entity281 spread in @entity1 with @entity23029 of the impacted mandibular third molar. CT appeared to be an effective tool for investigating the pathway of @entity281 originating from the @entity23029 of impacted mandibular third molars.

title: Anatomical considerations for the spread of odontogenic XXXX originating from the @entity23029 of impacted mandibular third molar: computed tomographic analyses.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity23029 :: ('MESH:D010497', 'Disease') :: ['pericoronitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: A better prediction of the time course of symptomatic @entity2553 (SVSP) might have a significant impact on the management and prevention of delayed @entity51 (DIND). We studied the influence of the treatment for @entity1756 on SVSP timing. We retrospectively analyzed data of consecutive @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ) admitted in our center between 1999 and 2005, treated within 72 hours of the @entity397 by surgical clipping or endovascular coiling and in accordance with our neuroscience unit protocol. We analyzed the presence of SVSP and recorded the timing of occurrence after the aneurysmal repair intervention. Data on demographics, premorbid conditions, time elapsed from the @entity510 onset and intervention, and clinical and radiologic characteristics at admission were collected. The first occurrence of postintervention SVSP was recorded and compared between the 2 treatment groups using a proportional hazards regression model, including significant covariates. Of the 67 @entity1 analyzed, 21 (31%) underwent endovascular coiling and 46 (69%) underwent surgical clipping. The baseline variables were similar in the 2 groups. The median time from the procedure to clinical @entity2553 was 4 days in the coiled @entity1 and 7 days in the clipped @entity1 . In a proportional hazards model regression analysis including age, sex, Fisher and Hunt-Hess grades, time between onset to procedure, and intervention type, only intervention type emerged as a significant predictor of time to SVSP after intervention (likelihood ratio chi2 = 16.8; P < .00). Treatment modality of @entity1756 may influence the timing of SVSP occurrence.

title: Timing of symptomatic XXXX in @entity510 : the effect of treatment modality and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'aSAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic ischemic deficit']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysm', 'ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: PURPOSE: Codon 12 mutations of @entity984 are frequent in @entity788 , and represent potential @entity5 -specific neoantigens. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of immunizing @entity1 with resected @entity788 with a vaccine targeted against their @entity5 -specific @entity984 mutation. METHODS: @entity1 with resected @entity788 , with @entity984 mutations at codon 12, were vaccinated once monthly for 3 months with a 21-mer peptide vaccine containing the corresponding @entity984 mutation of the @entity1 's @entity5 . About 200  g of peptide vaccine was injected intradermally on day 7 of a 10-day course of intradermal granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. @entity137 was assessed by National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria v2.0. Immune responses were evaluated by @entity56 ( @entity56 ) tests and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays. RESULTS: Of 62 screened @entity1 , 24 were vaccinated. There were no grade 3-5 vaccine-specific @entity137 . The only National @entity5 Institute grade 1 and 2 @entity137 was erythema at the injection site (94%). Nine @entity1 (25%) were evaluable for immunologic responses. One @entity1 (11%) had a detectable immune response specific to the @entity1 's @entity984 mutation, as assessed by @entity56 . Three @entity1 (13%) displayed a @entity56 response that was not specific. Median recurrence free survival time was 8.6 months (95% confidence interval, 2.96-19.2) and median overall survival time was 20.3 months (95% confidence interval, 11.6-45.3). CONCLUSIONS: @entity984 vaccination for @entity1 with resectable @entity788 proved to be safe and tolerable with however no elicitable immunogenicity and unproven efficacy. Future development of adjuvant vaccine therapies should use more immunogenic vaccines.

title: Targeting mutated @entity984 in XXXX using an adjuvant vaccine.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Despite the experimental research data on @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ), the pathogenesis of @entity715 and @entity2241 remains unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the major advances in the field of complement activation as a possible @entity715 mechanism in the @entity1701 . METHODS: The authors conducted a systemic analysis of the English literature and summarized both animal and @entity1 data that indicate the inappropriate complement activation as a mechanism causing @entity715 in the @entity1701 . RESULTS: The important role of complement activation in the pathogenesis of @entity2241 was established using @entity19 deficient in a complement regulatory protein. Further studies have shown that the infusion of human IgG antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) induced @entity2241 in pregnant @entity19 , an effect that was abrogated by the concurrent administration of a C3 convertase inhibitor. Further studies suggested that @entity2242 and neutrophils were the key components responsible for @entity2241 . Moreover, use of F(ab)'2 fragments of aPL suggested the complement activation occurred mainly via the classical pathway. Other studies using models of induced @entity715 suggested that antibodies against @entity2243 required the presence of terminal complement components to induce @entity715 formation, and @entity19 @entity2244 were found to be resistant to aPL-induced @entity715 . Based on the aforementioned findings, it has been suggested that heparin prevents @entity2241 in @entity1 with @entity1701 by inhibiting complement activation rather than by its anticoagulant effect. CONCLUSIONS: The studies on complement are significant because they shift the focus of research in @entity1701 from @entity715 to @entity32 . However, as @entity1 data are limited, more clinical research is necessary before the above findings translate in changes in the management of @entity1701 .

title: The role of complement in the XXXX : a novel mechanism for pregnancy morbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in C3 or C5']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal loss', 'fetal injury']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: Enzyme replacement therapy is highly effective for @entity1 with @entity1120 . In order to estimate the quantity of enzyme that would be necessary for clinical benefit, we conducted a single-infusion, dose-response study in nonsplenectomized @entity1 with @entity1120 . Biochemical and histologic changes were compared in liver biopsy specimens obtained before and 44 h following the infusion of varying quantities of enzyme. Based on the information obtained from this investigation, @entity1 in our initial clinical efficacy trial were given 60 IU of macrophage-targeted glucocerebrosidase/kg body wt every other week. All @entity1 had significant improvement of their @entity417 and @entity381 after 6 months of treatment. In a subsequent investigation, 10 moderately symptomatic @entity1 with intact spleens were given 10 IU of glucocerebrosidase/kg body wt every other week. After 6 months of treatment, only a portion of these @entity1 had beneficial responses. We concluded that the rate and extent of response to enzyme replacement therapy in @entity1 with @entity1120 are dependent upon the quantity of enzyme administered. When treatment is initiated in @entity1 with mild to moderately severe disease, a lower dose of enzyme can be selected. Moreover, the maintenance dose of glucocerebrosidase has been shown to be much less than the amount initially required to reduce the accumulated lipid. Some @entity1 require enzyme infusions on only a monthly basis, require enzyme infusions on only a monthly basis, and it is possible that even this frequency may eventually be reduced. These refinements in treatment strategy merit serious consideration for the long-term management of @entity1 with @entity1120 .

title: Enzyme replacement therapy for XXXX : critical investigations beyond demonstration of clinical efficacy.

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 Gaucher disease', 'Gaucher disease']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs are 22-24 nt non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3' UTR of target mRNAs, thereby inducing mRNA degradation or inhibiting mRNA translation. Due to their implication in the regulation of post-transcriptional processes, the role of miRNAs in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) has been extensively studied. However, the function of @entity12333 in @entity157 remains to be demonstrated. METHODS: 50 paired @entity157 tissues and matched peritumor tissues from @entity1 were collected. The mRNA level of @entity12333 was detected by qRT-PCR. The protein level of @entity4730 ( @entity4730 ) was determined by western blot. Cell proliferation and invasive ability were measured using @entity98 and transwell invasion assay, respectively. RESULTS: We demonstrated that @entity12333 was downregulated in 50 @entity157 tissues and the low expression of @entity12333 was significantly correlate with @entity5 size. Moreover, overexpression of @entity12333 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of @entity157 cells. Over 100 target genes of @entity12333 were predicted by Targetscan, and @entity4730 was indicated as the most promising candidate. Luciferase report assay showed that @entity4730 could be silenced by @entity12333 , so as to restore the impairment of cell proliferation and invasion in @entity157 cells. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we revealed a role of @entity12333 - @entity4730 axis in @entity157 cells, and the combination of both biomarkers might improve @entity157 diagnosis.

title: XXXX inhibits progression of hepatocarcinoma by targeting @entity4730 and promises a novel diagnostic biomarker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity12333 :: (10859,Gene) :: ['MiR-7']