abstract: We have identified a soluble form of the @entity1 @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) in the ascitic fluids from @entity1 with @entity43 . After purification of @entity10431 from the ascitic fluids by ligand-affinity chromatography (pro- @entity2290 Sepharose), the @entity10431 was initially identified by cross-linking to a radiolabeled @entity1472 -terminal fragment of @entity1 @entity2290 . The @entity10431 purified from the ascitic fluid has no bound ligand ( @entity2290 ), as similar amounts can be purified by ligand-affinity chromatography as by immuno-affinity chromatography. @entity10431 from ascitic fluids partitions in the water phase after a temperature-dependent phase separation of a detergent extract. It therefore lacks at least the lipid moiety of the glycophospholipid anchor present in cellular-bound uPARs. It is highly glycosylated and the deglycosylated form has the same electrophoretic mobility as previously characterized cellular @entity10431 from other sources. The immunoreactivity of the purified @entity10431 from the ascitic fluid is indistinguishable from that of characterized @entity10431 , demonstrated by Western blotting with three different anti- @entity10431 monoclonal antibodies. The @entity10431 was found in 11 of 11 ascitic fluids from @entity1 with @entity43 and in elevated amounts in the plasma from 2 of 3 @entity1 . The concentration of soluble @entity10431 in the ascitic fluid was estimated to range between 1 and 10 ng/ml. @entity1 soluble @entity10431 , derived from the @entity5 cells, was also found in the ascitic fluid and serum from @entity19 xenografted intraperitoneally with three different @entity1 @entity43 .

title: A ligand-free, soluble urokinase receptor is present in the ascitic fluid from XXXX with @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['uPAR', 'urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possible role of @entity440 (selective @entity172 receptor modulators, SERM) in treating @entity548 irregularities associated with Norplant contraceptive use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized clinical trial including 100 Norplant users complaining of @entity3556 irregularities. The trial was conducted in the Family Planning Clinic of Assiut University Hospital. @entity1 were assigned at random to receive @entity440 tablets (10 mg) twice daily for 10 days or similar placebo. @entity1 were followed-up for 3 months. The end points were percentage of @entity1 who stopped @entity548 during treatment, @entity548 /spotting days during the period of follow-up, effect of treatment on their lifestyle, and side effects and discontinuation of contraception. RESULTS: There was good compliance with treatment. At the end of treatment, a significantly higher percentage of @entity440 users stopped @entity548 in comparison to the control group (88% vs. 68%, respectively; p=.016). @entity1 who used @entity440 had significantly less @entity548 and/or spotting days than @entity1 who used placebo, during the first and second months. During the third month, there were no significant differences between the two groups. @entity1 who used @entity440 reported improvement in performing household activities, religious duties and in sexual life, during the first 2 months. In the third month, there were no differences between the two groups. There were no significant differences between @entity440 and placebo groups in reporting side effects. In the group who used @entity440 , two @entity1 discontinued Norplant use because of @entity548 vs. nine @entity1 in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: @entity440 use at a dose of 10 mg twice daily orally, for 10 days, has a beneficial effect on @entity3556 associated with Norplant use. In addition, the @entity548 pattern was better in @entity1 who used @entity440 for the following 2 months after treatment. However, these results have to be confirmed in a larger trial before advocating this line of treatment.

title: XXXX treatment of @entity548 irregularities associated with Norplant use.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: The study aimed to determine the activity and @entity137 of @entity1311 in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 or @entity421 . The major findings are that five @entity1 had stable disease after two cycles of chemotherapy but two of these @entity1 were subsequently removed from the study at their own request. The other three @entity1 progressed after an additional two cycles of chemotherapy. Seven @entity1 progressed during the first two cycles and were removed from the study. One @entity1 completed only one cycle of therapy and was deemed inevaluable for study response. There were eight episodes of grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 and two episodes of grade 3 @entity882 . One @entity1 experienced grade 3 neurological @entity137 and one @entity1 grade 3 @entity33 . Two @entity1 are currently alive with progressing disease and one @entity1 is alive with no evidence of disease after undergoing surgery and radiotherapy. The principal conclusions are that @entity1311 is ineffective in treating recurrent or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 and @entity421 . Treatment at this dose is quite myelosuppressive, but @entity137 is generally manageable. Further study of this agent is not justified in this setting.

title: A phase II trial of @entity1311 in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic soft tissue XXXX or bone sarcomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'taxol']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence data for @entity483 based on a dermatological examination have not so far been available for East and West Germany. Possible differences in the proportions of @entity484 , and how far these could explain differences in the prevalence of @entity484 , need to be clarified. OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of @entity483 in pre-school @entity1 between different locations in East and West Germany, and over a period of 7 years, at three time points. Additionally, to determine the proportions of intrinsic and extrinsic types of @entity484 by taking skin prick test reactivity into account. METHODS: Repeated cross-sectional studies in 1991, 1994 and 1997 in 5-6-year-old pre-school @entity1 at five different locations in West Germany (n = 2075) and six in East Germany (n = 1926) were carried out. Individuals with @entity484 were identified by an examination performed by physicians of the Department of Dermatology. In addition, a skin prick test and a standardized questionnaire were used. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of @entity483 in these @entity1 was 10.4%. At all three times of investigation (1991, 17.5% vs. 11.2%; 1994, 12.6% vs. 8.7%; 1997, 11.2% vs. 4.5%) and in the total group (12.9% vs. 8.2%), the prevalence was significantly higher in East than in West Germany. After controlling for influences of sex, parental history of @entity66 , observer and socio-economic status in multiple logistic regression analyses, these differences remained significant for 1991, 1994 and for the overall group (odds ratio, OR 1.78, 95% confidence interval, CI 1. 43-2.21). @entity1 (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.27-1.92) and @entity1 whose parents had a higher level of school education (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1. 00-1.37) were affected more frequently. Of all @entity1 , 26.6%, and of those with @entity484 , 41.9% exhibited at least one reaction in the prick test (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.75-2.80; sensitization in @entity484 vs. no @entity484 ). Whereas 50.4% of the @entity1 with @entity484 in West Germany were sensitized, only 36.5% of the diseased @entity1 in East Germany reacted positively in the prick test (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.12-2. 79). CONCLUSIONS: These results are in accordance with findings regarding allergic sensitization and hay @entity221 and might indicate that factors other than @entity566 are responsible for the higher prevalence of @entity483 in East Germany.

title: The excess of XXXX in East Germany is related to the intrinsic type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'extrinsic and intrinsic types of eczema']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic eczema']


abstract: Focal mechanical injury to the retina substantially increases basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity664 ) and ciliary neurotrophic factor ( @entity5392 ) mRNA expression, accompanied by a transient increase in @entity10702 mRNA, and this response is thought to protect photoreceptors near the injury site from inherited and light-induced @entity2000 . We have now examined retinal gene expression of the principal survival factors involved in the response to injury in normal @entity35 as a function of postnatal age both in normal and injured retinas. @entity35 were injured in one eye by needle incision through the retina at postnatal day (P) 10, 22, 35, 60, 90, 120 and 180. The other eye was uninjured and served as the control. Retinas were taken 1 day post-injury. Northern blot analysis was performed to determine the mRNA expression of the following factors and receptors: @entity664 and acidic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF) and @entity10702 ( @entity10702 ); @entity5392 and @entity5392 receptor alpha ( @entity20959 ); @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) and its receptor @entity10864 ; and @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) and @entity7814 ( @entity7814 ); @entity40 ( @entity40 ) and opsin. In the uninjured control eyes, mRNA expression of most of the factors increased with postnatal age, with little expression at P10 and maximal expression levels reached at P22 (opsin), @entity34093 (aFGF), P60 ( @entity2136 ) or P90 ( @entity664 , @entity10702 , @entity5392 and @entity40 ). In contrast, @entity2135 mRNA rapidly decreased from a high level of expression at P10 to about 55% of that level by P22, reaching a stable 45-50% of the P10 level at @entity34093 and thereafter. The response to injury of @entity664 , @entity10702 , @entity5392 and @entity40 mRNAs increased with postnatal age. Unexpectedly, only minimal increases in @entity664 , @entity10702 , @entity5392 and @entity40 over those seen in the control eyes were observed before @entity34093 . Thereafter, the increase of @entity664 mRNA after injury reached a maximum of three-fold at P60, maintained this level to @entity56419 , and slightly decreased to 2.5-fold by @entity56420 . Expression of @entity10702 mRNA showed a maximum increase of 2.6-fold at P90. Expression of @entity5392 and @entity40 mRNAs followed a time course similar to that of @entity664 . @entity130 did not alter the mRNA levels of aFGF, @entity2136 , @entity2135 , and receptors, @entity20959 , @entity10864 and @entity7814 . These data show that the response to injury is minimal at early postnatal ages but increases with age and peaks at P60-90 for most potential survival factors.

title: Development of normal and injury-induced gene expression of aFGF, @entity664 , @entity5392 , XXXX , @entity40 and @entity2135 in the @entity35 retina.

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degenerations']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Mechanical injury']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1', 'IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factor-I']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2136 :: (24225(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['BDNF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our experience with the operative management of @entity1 with isolated nonnative mitral @entity884 to better understand the outcome. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 39 @entity1 operated on for isolated nonnative mitral @entity884 from January 1974 to June 2009. Median age of the group was 68 years. There were 23 (59%) @entity1 . Prostheses were mechanical in 18 (46%) @entity1 , biological in 18 (46%), and annuloplasty rings in 3 (8%). Staphylococcus was present in 22 (56%) @entity1 . Operative indications included @entity340 in 26 (67%) @entity1 and @entity712 in 22 (56%). RESULTS: Perivalvular abscess was present in 12 (31%) @entity1 . Replacement valves were mechanical in 23 (59%) @entity1 and biological in 16 (41%). Twenty (51%) @entity1 received additional operative procedures. Treatment-related mortality occurred in 8 (21%) @entity1 , with age being the only factor predictive of mortality (hazard ratio, 5.37). Follow-up of the survivors was 5.7 years. Six (18%) @entity1 underwent repeat mitral valve  replacement including 3 who had an annulus abscess at the initial operation and 2 who had the prosthesis sutured to the left atrial wall. There was 1 (4%) case of recurrent @entity884 in the group of 28 @entity1 who  survived more than 1 year after the incident operation. Survival at 5 years was 48% (95% confidence interval, 35%-67%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for isolated nonnative mitral @entity884 carries increased operative risk. Aggressive debridement and reconstruction of the annulus are paramount to achieving a good outcome. Surviving @entity1 obtain high rates of cure and freedom from recurrent @entity884 .

title: Outcomes of surgery in the treatment of isolated nonnative mitral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['valve infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['valve infective endocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To delineate the clinical characteristics of @entity54547 in adult @entity1 who have undergone renal transplantation. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Clinical research unit. @entity1 : All 36 adult @entity1 with @entity8518 referred to the National Institutes of Health. OUTCOME MEASURES: Longevity, growth, @entity227 , endocrine insufficiency, @entity121 and swallowing dysfunction, cerebral calcifications, and occupational status. RESULTS: Of the 36 @entity1 , seven were dead, five with functioning allografts. The 1-year and 5-year graft survival rates for 30 cadaveric allografts were 90% and 75%, respectively. The @entity1 ' mean height and weight were severely retarded. Five @entity1 were @entity1939 , and three others had severely impaired @entity227 . Thirty-one (86%) of 36 @entity1 required @entity6145 replacement therapy. One third had a @entity121 , and 21 had moderate to severe @entity4939 . Eight @entity1 had cerebral calcifications on computed tomographic scan. Despite these complications, the sighted @entity1 engaged in a normal variety of occupations. Only 11 @entity1 were receiving adequate @entity1434 -depleting therapy with @entity8488 ( @entity8488 ) or @entity54548 . CONCLUSIONS: Adult @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: Classic XXXX as an @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision in one eye', 'renal allograft survival, visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathic cystinosis suffer serious complications of the disease']

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteamine', 'mercaptamine']

entities_list: @entity54547 :: ('MESH:C565655', 'Disease') :: ['infantile nephropathic cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathic cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legally blind']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy', 'distal myopathy']

entities_list: @entity54548 :: ('MESH:D003539', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocysteamine']

answer: @entity8518 :: (MESH:D003554,Disease) :: ['nephropathic cystinosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and @entity137 of 3 single agent chemotherapeutic regimens in low-risk @entity1469 (LRGTN). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. @entity1 presenting with metastatic or non-metastatic LRGTN (risk score  <= 6) in non-probabilistic sampling were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: @entity1499 with @entity4181 rescue ( @entity1500 -CF; n=20); @entity4316 (n=20); and @entity2879 (n=20). @entity1 with less than 1 year of disease-free follow-up after the first normal @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) value were excluded. Outcome measures included primary remission rate; resistance to primary and sequential chemotherapy; period between treatment initiation and remission (hCG response); and prevalence of toxic effects. RESULTS: Primary remission was achieved by 48 @entity1 (80.0%). The remission rate with @entity2879 was 100.0%, while the rates with @entity4316 and @entity1500 -CF were 90.0% and 50.0%, respectively. Efficacy of @entity2879 was significantly greater than the other 2 agents (P<0.001). Alopecia was the most frequent adverse effect caused by @entity2879 . Common to all protocols were @entity3136 , @entity390 , and @entity391 . Mean time intervals between beginning treatment and remission were similar and all 60 @entity1 survived. CONCLUSION: @entity2879 was the most effective regimen for treating metastatic and non-metastatic LRGTN.

title: Comparison of XXXX , @entity4316 , and @entity2879 for treating low-risk @entity1469 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide', 'Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Four randomized prospective studies on interferon alpha (IFN) in @entity1860 report varying degrees of prolongation of the chronic phase of @entity1860 and of survival as compared to conventional therapies. There is agreement that IFN prolongs survival as compared to standard @entity1863 . There is disagreement, however, as to which degree IFN is superior to @entity1862 . Whereas the randomized studies of the Italian cooperative group and of the British MRC find a statistically significant survival advantage of IFN over @entity1862 of about 20 months, this difference is only 10 months in the German randomized study and not significant. One reason for this difference might be the more intensive treatment schedule for the @entity1862 control group in the German study. Other reasons might be differences in risk profiles between the @entity1 groups studied and in strategies of IFN therapy. About 1% of the @entity1 genome consists of retroviral or retroviral-like sequences. By analogy to animal models, endogenous retroviruses might also have pathogenic potential in @entity1 disease. The transposon-like structure of retroviruses that enables them to integrate at almost any position in the host genome and the capability of retroviruses to serve as efficient vehicles of cellular genes are in support of a pathogenic potential. Furthermore, particles resembling retroviruses have been observed long ago in @entity1 embryonic and malignant tissues and cell lines. Sequence information and the transcriptional activity of the endogenous sequences argue against the possibility that these sequences are only fossil relics of early evolutionary periods. Most of the sequences appear to be inactivated by stop codons or frameshifts, making the genomic localization of open reading frames with biological activity difficult. Up to now, mutagenesis by insertion of retroviral-like sequences in sporadic cases of @entity1 disease appears to be the only example of pathogenic relevance of retroviruses in @entity1 .

title: Randomized studies with interferon in XXXX ( @entity1860 ) and comparative molecular aspects. German @entity1860 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: @entity16891 (GN) is an agent used in the treatment of @entity2741 . To more fully characterize the direct actions of GN on bone, we examined its effects on medium @entity460 , medium beta-glucuronidase (beta-GLU), and collagen synthesis in control and hormone-stimulated neonatal (4-6 days) @entity19 calvariae in vitro. GN (10 micrograms/ml) inhibited parathyroid hormone-stimulated ( @entity10173 ; 1 nM) @entity460 release. A 24 h preincubation with 10 micrograms/ml of GN was required for complete inhibition; partial inhibition was seen with 12 h preincubation; 1, 3, or 6 h was inadequate. A dose-response study showed that with 24 h preincubation, 5, 3, and 1 microgram/ml of GN inhibited 81, 62, and 0% of @entity10173 -induced @entity460 release. The effects of GN on the release of beta-GLU generally paralleled those on the release of @entity460 except that 10 micrograms/ml of GN stimulated beta-GLU release. Collagen synthesis was inhibited 50% by 3 micrograms/ml of GN, whereas noncollagen protein synthesis was unaffected. With @entity10173 + GN no further decrease was observed. When GN was withdrawn from the medium after 24 h of preincubation, the inhibitory effect on @entity460 release and beta-GLU activity, but not on collagen synthesis, persisted through the 72 h of culture. GN also inhibited the resorption elicited by @entity1955 (1 microM) and @entity635 (10 nM) but not by @entity3873 (30 pM). Our results indicate that GN is a powerful inhibitor of bone resorption in neonatal @entity19 calvariae even at low doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX inhibits bone resorption and collagen synthesis in neonatal @entity19 calvariae.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity16891 :: ('MESH:C027235', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallium nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity16891 :: (MESH:C027235,Chemical) :: ['Gallium nitrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of treatment with a @entity2692 -releasing @entity16732 ( @entity16732 ) in @entity1 affected by @entity1870 -associated @entity931 . SETTING: Tertiary care center. DESIGN: Prospective, open, noncomparative study. @entity1 (S): Twenty-five @entity1 aged 38 to 45 years with recurrent @entity931 associated with @entity1870 diagnosed at transvaginal ultrasonography participated in this study. INTERVENTION(S): An @entity16732 releasing levonorgestel 20 mcg/day was inserted in each @entity1 within 7 days of the start of menstrual flow. All of the @entity1 were requested to compile a pictorial @entity190 assessment chart each month. They underwent clinical and transvaginal ultrasound examinations 3, 6, and 12 months after @entity16732 insertion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Menstrual pattern; serum hemoglobin, ferritin, and @entity68 level changes. RESULT(S): One @entity1 experienced @entity16732 expulsion 2 months after device insertion and another requested removal of the @entity16732 4 months after insertion because of persistent irregular @entity190 . Six months after @entity16732 insertion, @entity2588 was observed in 2 @entity1 and @entity2589 in another, @entity1867 occurred occasionally in 7, and 13 had scanty but regular flow. One year of follow-up has been completed by the remaining 23 @entity1 : 2 with @entity2588 , 3 with @entity2589 , 2 with @entity1867 , and 16 with regular flows. Significant increases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin have been observed, but the lipid metabolism and clotting variables have remained unchanged. CONCLUSION(S): Our findings indicate that marked and safe relief from @entity1870 -associated @entity931 can be obtained with the use of a @entity2692 -releasing @entity16732 .

title: Treatment of @entity1870 -associated XXXX with a @entity2692 -releasing @entity16732 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity16732 :: ('MESH:D058736', 'Disease') :: ['IUD', 'intrauterine device']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: The nephrotoxic actions of high single oral doses of @entity15628 (FA ME) have been investigated in the @entity35 . Fifty mg of this substance produced morphologic lesions of the glomeruli without reducing GFR. Following 100 mg, the lesions were more pronounced and GFR was diminished by about 40%. Despite of @entity548 in kidney cortex the urines did not contain erythrocytes. Urinary protein was augmented in single cases only. Fifty to 100 mg FA ME induced a marked concentration defect after @entity1949 . In parallel FA ME reduced @entity880 production from @entity413 by kidney inner medulla in vitro. After in vivo application, however, no morphologic lesions were found in this zone of the kidney. FA ME had no effect on @entity26 consumption of kidney slices despite of proximal tubular lesions observed histologically after 100 mg orally. Thus, 100 mg of FA ME have distinct nephrotoxic effects in the @entity35 .

title: Nephrotoxicity of XXXX (FA ME).

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['water deprivation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity15628 :: ('MESH:C061175', 'Chemical') :: ['fumaric acid monoethylester']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity15628 :: (MESH:C061175,Chemical) :: ['fumaric acid monoethylester']


abstract: In acute experiments on anesthetized @entity468 , intravenous injection of @entity1425 and @entity1063 caused different changes of right and left artrial pressures. These shifts mostly (82%) had similar directions: in these experiments, both right and left atrial pressures could be decreased (I group of animals) or increased (II group). The number of animals in these groups was equal. However, in 18% of the experiments, right atrial pressure was decreased, while left atrial pressure was increased. The changes of the left atrial pressure was, as a rule, more significant as compared with right atrial pressure shifts. In the I group of animals, systolic right atrial pressure was not changed, and systolic left atrial pressure was decreased. In the II group of animals, systolic pressure in both atria was augmented. Diastolic pressure was decreased in both atria in all the animals. When the atrial pressures were decreased, the increases of the superior and inferior vena cava flows, @entity998 were more significant as compared with animals in which the atrial pressures had been elevated. The changes of the superior and inferior vena cava flows were more obvious in animals following @entity1425 injection as compared with animals in which @entity1063 was injected. The right atrial pressure returned to the initial level more rapidly than the left atrial pressure, and the time dynamics of the shifts of the right atrial pressure was similar to that of the superior vena cava flow. The temporal changes of the left atrial pressure were identical to the time changes of the cardiac output. We concluded that character of changes of the mean, systolic, and diastolic right and left atrial pressures following @entity2661 injections was not correlated with the direction of @entity998 shifts, and was depending on intracardiac hemodynamics.

title: [Correlations between changes of the right and left atrial pressures and systemic hemodynamics parameters following XXXX intravenous injections in @entity468 ].

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['venous return and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of adults diagnosed with @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ). METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 14 @entity1 age > 18 years with suspected @entity4789 between 1990 and 1994 in a private rheumatology practice setting. Four additional @entity1 treated at our medical center were included in the study. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 met Jones criteria for @entity4789 and were included in the study. Of these, only 3 had a childhood history of @entity4789 . All had recent onset of @entity625 and a history of antecedent sore throat. Only 4 @entity1 , however, had throat cultures positive for B-hemolytic streptococcus. Nine @entity1 were Hasidic Jews. Four @entity1 had @entity2401 . One @entity1 had @entity5105 , while @entity4790 and subcutaneous nodules were not seen. Nine @entity1 improved taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or @entity117 ; 3 required @entity134 treatment to control severe @entity625 . CONCLUSION: Our clinical experience suggests that @entity4789 occurs frequently, especially among Hasidic Jewish adults. Due to the disabling nature of the @entity625 and the significant incidence (33%) of @entity2401 , strict adherence to penicillin prophylaxis guidelines is indicated.

title: Acute XXXX in adults: a resurgence in the Hasidic Jewish community.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'rheumatic fever', 'acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['erythema marginatum']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['rheumatic fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize the pathogenesis and clinical features of @entity3171 associated @entity27 ( @entity387 ). METHODS: A series of 4 @entity1 with @entity387 and @entity1829 ( @entity1829 ) underwent complete neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation and lumbar puncture. In 1 @entity1 , continuous 24-hour intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was also performed. RESULTS: All 4 @entity1 had bilateral @entity1829 that was asymmetric in 2. Three @entity1 had @entity1781 , asymmetric in 1, unilateral in 2. Daytime cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements were within normal range. Nocturnal monitoring performed in one @entity1 , however, demonstrated repeated episodes of marked ICP elevation associated with @entity386 and arterial @entity26 desaturation. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that @entity1829 in @entity387 is due to episodic nocturnal @entity519 and hypercarbia resulting in @entity428 secondary to cerebral vasodilation. In these individuals, intermittent ICP elevation is sufficient to cause persistent disc @entity4 . These @entity1 may be at increased risk for developing @entity227 secondary to @entity1829 compared with @entity1 with @entity28 -related @entity6437 cerebri because of associated @entity519 . The diagnosis of @entity387 @entity1829 may not be appreciated because daytime cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements are normal and because @entity1 tend to present with @entity227 rather than with symptoms of @entity428 .

title: @entity1829 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased ICP']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3171 :: ('MESH:C531767', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc edema']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: Whether or not a high intake of @entity1735 increases postprandial energy expenditure during exercise was studied in @entity35 . The @entity35 were meal-fed regularly twice a day (0800-0900 hours and 1800-1900 hours) on either a high @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) ( @entity1735 /fat/protein = 70/5/25, % of energy) or high fat (FAT) (35/40/25) diet for 12 days. On the final day of the experiment, all of the @entity35 in each dietary group were fed an evening meal containing equal amounts of energy (420 kJ.kg-1 body mass). After the meal, they were divided into three subgroups: pre-exercise control (PC), exercise (EX), and resting control (RC). The PC- @entity435 and PC-FAT groups were sacrificed at 2030 hours. The EX- @entity435 and EX-FAT groups were given a period of 3-h swimming, and then sacrificed at 2330 hours. The RC- @entity435 and RC-FAT groups rested after the meal and were sacrificed at 2330 hours. Total energy expenditure during the period 1.5 h from the commencement of exercise was higher in EX- @entity435 than in EX-FAT. The respiratory exchange ratio was also higher in EX- @entity435 than in EX-FAT, suggesting enhanced @entity1735 oxidation in the former. Compared with both PC-FAT and RC-FAT, the liver glycogen content of EX-FAT @entity35 was significantly decreased by exercise. On the other hand, the liver glycogen content of both EX- @entity435 and RC- @entity435 was higher than that of PC- @entity435 @entity35 . The glycogen content of soleus muscle of EX-FAT was slightly decreased during exercise, however, that of EX- @entity435 increased significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of a high XXXX diet on postprandial energy expenditure during exercise in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5967 (Group B @entity5967 , @entity5011 ) is a leading cause of life-threatening @entity693 and survivors often suffer permanent @entity16 . How this organism interacts with the meninges and subsequently with astrocytes that constitute the underlying cortical glia limitans superficialis is not known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this paper, we demonstrate dose-dependent adherence of @entity5011 over time to @entity1 @entity1653 cells and fetal astrocytes in vitro, which was not influenced by expression of either b-haemolysin/cytolysin (b-h/c) toxin, different capsule serotypes or by absence of capsule (p>0.05). Internalization of @entity5011 by both cell types was, however, a slow and an infrequent event (only 0.02-0.4% of associated bacteria were internalised by 9 h). Expression of b-h/c toxin did not play a role in invasion (p>0.05), whereas capsule expression lead to a reduction (p<0.05) in the numbers of intracellular bacteria recovered. @entity5011 strains induced @entity137 as demonstrated by the measurement of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme release by 9 h and by viable staining. Increasing levels of @entity1653 cell death correlated with bacterial growth and the phenotype of b-h/c toxin production, i.e. from weakly, to normo- to hyper-haemolytic. However, @entity137 was significantly greater (p<0.05) towards astrocytes, and infection with initial MOI>= 0.003 induced 70-100% LDH release. By comparing wild-type (b-h/c(+)) and mutant (/\cylE b-h/c(-)) strains and b-h/c toxin extracts and by using the surfactant @entity4747 in @entity137 inhibition experiments, b-h/c toxin was demonstrated as principally responsible for cell death. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study has described key events in the interactions of @entity5011 with meningeal cells and astrocytes in vitro and a major virulence role for b-h/c toxin. Understanding the mechanisms involved will help to identify potential therapies for improving @entity1 survival and for reducing the incidence and severity of @entity16 .

title: Group B @entity5967 interactions with XXXX meningeal cells and astrocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae', 'Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage', 'neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: By inhibiting DNA repair, @entity19859 ( @entity16973 ) may augment @entity786 (CY)-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. We performed a Phase I study for refractory and/or relapsed (R/R) leukemia in @entity1 to determine maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of time-sequential @entity16973 followed by CY. PROCEDURE: Thirteen @entity1 with (R/R) @entity981 (n   =   8) and @entity3052 (N   =   5), median age 9 years (range: 2-12 years), were treated with escalating doses of @entity16973 on days 1, 2, 3 and 8, 9, 10 and CY 200   mg/m(2) /day on days 0 and 1 then 400   mg/m(2) /day on days 2, 3, 8, 9, and 10. Ten @entity1 were treated at dose level 1 (DL1) ( @entity16973 20   mg/m(2) /day) and three @entity1 at DL2 ( @entity16973 30   mg/m(2) /day). The average number of prior chemotherapies was 8.9. DNA damage testing was performed before treatment on day 0, and 2   hours after CY on day 0, before sequential @entity16973 , CY treatment on day 1, and 2   hours after @entity16973 followed by CY on day 1. RESULTS: Two @entity1 at DL2 had dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) that included @entity551 with @entity177 (1). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 2/11 (18.2%) and partial remission (PR) in 2/11 (18.2%) for an overall response (OR) of 36.4%. The use of @entity16973 before CY augmented CY-induced DNA damage in @entity1778 compared to CY alone. CONCLUSION: In pediatric @entity1 with @entity1778 , 20   mg/m(2) /day is the MTD for @entity16973 in timed sequential combination with CY. Increased DNA damage with the use of this combination suggests a mechanism for the sequential timing of these two chemotherapeutic agents.

title: Phase I dose-escalation trial of XXXX followed by escalating doses of fractionated @entity786 in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory acute @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-respiratory failure (1) and hepato-renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blasts', 'R/R leukemia']

entities_list: @entity19859 :: ('MESH:C068329', 'Chemical') :: ['clofarabine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity19859 :: (MESH:C068329,Chemical) :: ['clofarabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity409 following genitourinary erosion of synthetic mid urethral slings is not clearly reported. We investigated the incidence of @entity409 in @entity1 following sling excision due to vaginal, urethral or intravesical mesh erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review identified 19 @entity1 with genitourinary erosion of @entity7502 mesh slings. Comprehensive urological evaluation was performed in all @entity1 , and perioperative and postoperative data were analyzed. @entity409 was defined as refractory storage symptoms, emptying symptoms and @entity2371 . All subsequent medical and surgical interventions were recorded. RESULTS: In 19 @entity1 a total of 11 vaginal, 7 intravesical and 5 urethral erosions occurred. Mean @entity1 age was 52 years (range 32 to 69) and average followup was 8.4 months (range 3 to 34). Average time from symptom onset to sling removal was 10.1 months (range 1.5 to 38). Of the 19 @entity1 14 (74%) presented with multiple symptoms. Symptoms varied, including @entity158 , recurrent infections and bladder storage/emptying dysfunction. Urodynamic studies were abnormal preoperatively and postoperatively in 9 of 13 (69%) and 4 of 6 @entity1 (67%), respectively. Following surgery lower urinary tract symptoms resolved completely in only 4 of the 19 @entity1 (21%). @entity3142 recurred in 8 of the 19 @entity1 (42%). Five @entity1 underwent simultaneous pubovaginal sling, of whom none had recurrent stress urinary @entity322 . Only 9 @entity1 (47%) considered themselves dry with no pads following surgery. Four @entity1 required further surgery for refractory voiding symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity409 is not an uncommon finding after sling excision in the setting of genitourinary erosion. It may cause additional @entity1 morbidity.

title: XXXX following removal of eroded synthetic mid urethral slings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction', 'Voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['refractory pain']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['Stress incontinence']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Voiding dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Radical parametrectomy (RP), performed either abdominally ( @entity22195 ) or laparoscopically (LRP), is a viable alternative to radiotherapy in treating @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity1204 that is more advanced than initially suspected after hysterectomy. We carried out a comparative study on intra- and postoperative parameters between the two performed by similarly experienced surgeons. METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 indicative for RP were reviewed: 22 and 18 underwent @entity22195 and LRP, respectively. Information was collected on demographics, indications for initial and this surgery, tumor characteristics, intra- and postoperative parameters, and complications. The lengths of resected parametrial and vaginal tissues were measured. RESULTS: Compared with @entity22195 , LRP resulted in shorter operative time (200 vs 239 min), less @entity190 (627.8 vs 929.5 mL), shorter hospital stay (16.8 vs 19.9 days), and removal of more pelvic lymph nodes (27.4    5.9 vs 23.1    7.1). Although it was not attempted in @entity22195 to remove lymph nodes in the deep obturator space, it was attempted in LRP and one positive node was found. In the @entity22195 cohort there was one case of injury to the small intestine during surgery, whereas in LRP there was one instance of lower urologic fistula after surgery. CONCLUSION: LRP is superior to @entity22195 in terms of shorter operative time, less @entity190 , and shorter hospital stay while still maintaining the completeness of the procedure. It can be safely performed in the hands of experienced surgeons for cervical or vaginal apex @entity189 and @entity1204 after hysterectomy.

title: A comparison of laparoscopic and abdominal radical parametrectomy for cervical or vaginal apex @entity189 and XXXX after hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['stage II endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal apex cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['stage II endometrial cancer']


abstract: Relatively little is known about the cellular and molecular responses of the knee joint meniscus to @entity130 , despite the functional importance of the tissue. We investigated how meniscus cells respond to @entity130 in the early stages of post-traumatic @entity571 by characterizing the changes in matrix gene expression in menisci at 3 and 12 weeks post-surgery in @entity235 in which the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in one joint was transected and the other unoperated joint served as a control. Changes in the total RNA and DNA concentrations of the menisci were determined. Absolute concentrations of the mRNA of the @entity55124 gene of type 1 collagen, the major fibrillar collagen of the meniscus, and the @entity55125 gene of type VI collagen, a major repair molecule, were determined by quantitative ribonuclease (RNase) protection assay. The concentration of total RNA in medial and lateral menisci increased from 40 to 60 microg RNA/g wet wt in unoperated, control joints to 200-350 microg RNA/g wet wt in @entity1347 joints. No significant changes were detected in the concentration of DNA (900-1200 microg DNA/g wet wt). Low concentrations of @entity55124 (2-3 pmol mRNA/g DNA) and @entity55125 (0.3-0.6 pmol mRNA/g DNA) mRNA transcripts were measured in normal menisci. @entity1347 induced a 20-38 fold increase in @entity55124 and @entity55125 mRNA concentration at 3 weeks, and an 11-19 fold increase at 12 weeks post-surgery. In general, the increase in @entity55124 and @entity55125 mRNA concentrations was greater in medial menisci than in lateral menisci. These results demonstrate that the menisci initiate a vigorous biosynthetic response to transection of the ACL.

title: Absolute concentrations of mRNA for type I and type VI collagen in the XXXX meniscus in normal and ACL-deficient knee joints obtained by RNase protection assay.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-deficiency', 'ACL-deficient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['joint injury']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: To determine self-reported health status in @entity8525 ( @entity8525 ) and its relationship to @entity158 and @entity1295 . In a cross-sectional study, 32 @entity8525 @entity1 with @entity2865 and 30 with @entity1372 channelopathies, all off treatment, completed a standardised interview, the @entity1295 assessment scale (FAS), and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Beside formal assessment of @entity158 , assessment of painful or @entity8525 was determined. The domain scores of the SF-36 were compared with Dutch community scores. Apart from the relationship among SF-36 scores and (1) @entity158 and (2) @entity1295 , regression analyses in both @entity8525 groups were conducted to determine the strongest determinants of the SF-36 domains general health perception, physical component (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). All physically oriented SF-36 domains in both @entity8525 groups (P <or= 0.01) and social functioning in the @entity1 with @entity1372 channelopathies (P = 0.048) were substantially lower relative to the Dutch community scores. The @entity1 with @entity158 (41.9%) scored substantially (P < 0.05) lower on most SF-36 domains than the @entity1 without @entity158 (58.1%). Fatigued @entity1 (53.2%) scored substantially lower (P <or= 0.01) on all SF-36 domains than their non-fatigued counterparts (46.8%). The regression analysis showed that @entity1295 was the strongest predictor for the general-health perception and @entity158 for the physical-component summary. None of the @entity1 showed below-norm scores on the domain mental-component summary. The impact of @entity8525 on the physical domains of @entity1 ' health status is substantial, and particularly @entity158 and @entity1295 tend to impede their physical functioning.

title: Health status in @entity8525 : close relation with XXXX and @entity1295 .

entities_list: @entity8525 :: ('MESH:D009222', 'Disease') :: ['non-dystrophic myotonias', 'NDM', 'painless myotonia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful myotonia']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Induction of peripheral T cell anergy associated with stimulation through the TCR complex in vivo has been described in @entity19 using chemically modified @entity1412 , staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and intact anti- @entity5168 mAb. In the latter two models, T cell proliferation, @entity3783 expression, and lymphokine production have been demonstrated before subsequent induction of @entity6306 , whereas in the former model, these events have not been observed. To further investigate the relationship between mitogenicity and induction of peripheral @entity6306 , @entity19 were treated with either mitogenic intact anti- @entity5168 mAb or nonmitogenic F(ab')2 fragments of anti- @entity5168 mAb. T cells from F(ab')2-treated @entity19 demonstrated a selective decrease in helper functions, with minimal effect on CTL function. Specifically, a marked reduction in ability of Th cells to secrete @entity2047 when challenged in vitro with mitogen or alloantigen was observed, which persisted for at least 2 mo after mAb administration and which was independent of T cell depletion. Proliferative function was decreased in @entity1961 + T cells and could not be fully restored with addition of exogenous @entity2047 . A @entity154 was also evident in vivo, in that F(ab')2-treated @entity19 were deficient in their ability to reject MHC-disparate skin grafts, and in vivo administration of @entity2047 reconstituted their ability to reject skin grafts normally. In contrast, T cells from @entity19 treated with intact mAb demonstrated a significant decrease in both CTL and helper functions. A long term reduction in TCR expression on @entity1961 + cells from F(ab')2-treated @entity19 , and on both @entity1961 + and CD8+ cells from intact mAb-treated @entity19 was observed. These findings demonstrate that peripheral T cell @entity6306 can be induced in vivo by binding an identical epitope on the TCR complex in the presence or absence of initial proliferation, lymphokine secretion, or @entity3783 expression, and that binding to the same epitope can result in varying long term effects on T cell function.

title: Differential T cell XXXX induced by in vivo administration of intact or F(ab')2 fragments of anti- @entity5168 monoclonal antibody. F(ab')2 fragments induce a selective T helper dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['helper defect']

answer: @entity6306 :: (MESH:C566417,Disease) :: ['hyporesponsiveness']


abstract: Dying cells undergo coagulative @entity39 or apoptosis. In the skin, apoptosis is known to occur in graft-versus-host reactions, in lichen planus, during regression of @entity4891 and @entity5 , and after @entity130 caused by ultraviolet light resulting in sunburn cells. The present study shows that primary skin irritation also causes apoptosis. Mild, or moderate-to-considerable, @entity7141 irritation of healthy uninvolved @entity1 skin caused focally coagulative @entity39 of keratinocytes and also apoptosis of scattered keratinocytes, i.e. condensation of chromatin and cytosol, clumping of tonofilaments and budding of membrane-bound cell fragments. These apoptotic cell fragments were engulfed in the epidermis by macrophages. Colloid bodies were detected in the upper dermis and apparently represented nonphagocytosed apoptotic cell fragments that had dropped down from the epidermis. @entity7141 also caused @entity528 of melanocytes and in some cases of Langerhans' cells, indicating that @entity3079 in the upper dermis could partly derive from these cell types. The significance of apoptosis in @entity9759 could be to maintain homeostasis of epidermis and counteract the @entity5072 response caused by irritant stimuli. Another possibility is that apoptosis was the response to an @entity130 severe than that causing @entity39 .

title: Electron microscopic observations of dyskeratosis, apoptosis, @entity3079 and @entity528 after skin irritation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4891 :: ('MESH:D014860', 'Disease') :: ['plane warts']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['colloid bodies']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity9759 :: ('MESH:D017453', 'Disease') :: ['irritant contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity7141 :: ('MESH:D000875', 'Chemical') :: ['Dithranol', 'dithranol']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury less', 'physical injury']

answer: @entity7141 :: (MESH:D000875,Chemical) :: ['dithranol']


abstract: Studies of @entity750 - @entity2227 interactions suggest that activation of brain @entity750 (2A) receptors leads to an @entity140 receptor-mediated induction of the immediate early (activity-dependent) gene, @entity16625 ). In this respect, @entity1063 - @entity2227 interactions are poorly characterised. Here we investigated the influence on regional brain Arc gene expression of selective blockade of a(2)-adrenoceptors in @entity35 . Several complementary techniques were used: qPCR (mRNA, discrete tissue punches), in situ hybridisation (mRNA, sections) and immunocytochemistry. The a(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity23190 , dose-dependently and time-dependently (maximal effect 2 h) increased Arc mRNA levels as demonstrated both by qPCR and in situ hybridisation. The a(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity22571 , also increased Arc mRNA in in situ hybridisation studies. Changes in Arc mRNA after @entity23190 were of similar magnitude in punches and intact tissue sections and region-specific, with effects being most pronounced in parietal cortex and caudate putamen, less robust in frontal cortex, and not detectable in hippocampal sub-regions. Both qPCR and in situ hybridisation studies demonstrated that @entity23190 -induced Arc mRNA was blocked by the @entity140 antagonist, @entity18713 . Pretreatment with the @entity143 antagonist @entity3390 also prevented @entity23190 -induced Arc mRNA, as did the @entity10092 antagonist @entity12370 , whilst the @entity9449 /3 antagonist, @entity32352 , had no effect. Finally, immunocytochemical studies showed that @entity23190 increased Arc-immunoreactivity in cells in close apposition to a(2)-adrenoceptor-positive processes. Thus, employing three complementary techniques, these observations demonstrate that blockade of a(2)-adrenoceptors triggers brain expression of the immediate early gene, Arc, and that this effect involves the recruitment of @entity140 , @entity143 and @entity10092 but not @entity9449 /3 glutamatergic receptors.

title: Blockade of a2-adrenoceptors induces Arc gene expression in XXXX brain in a @entity2227 receptor-dependent manner: a combined qPCR, in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry study.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity22571 :: ('MESH:C050701', 'Chemical') :: ['atipamezole']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Two @entity1 with @entity454 from @entity6 on peritoneal dialysis for 2 or more years developed @entity298 secondary to @entity1188 with associated @entity1897 . The dialysate had WBC counts > 200/microL, of which 70% or more were polymorphonuclear cells, and RBC counts of 60/microL or less, although transient @entity18767 occurred in both @entity1 . Extensive @entity731 as well as @entity1503 were also present in both @entity1 . One @entity1 had @entity6582 due to decreased plasma volume. The other @entity1 had evidence of @entity7092 . The @entity1 responded well to anticoagulation with @entity1229 . When the @entity1229 was discontinued, recurrent @entity999 in both @entity1 . @entity1188 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity6 @entity1 with @entity731 who present with @entity298 that does not respond to antibiotic therapy, especially if @entity18767 occurs even transiently. The diagnosis can be confirmed with CT scan of the abdomen. @entity1229 therapy is effective in preventing recurrent @entity887 , but may need to be continued indefinitely.

title: XXXX presenting as @entity298 with @entity1897 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity7092 :: ('MESH:C562727', 'Disease') :: ['dysfibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['emboli occurred']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolic phenomena']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic phenomena']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['splenic infarcts', 'Splenic infarct']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity18767 :: ('MESH:D006465', 'Disease') :: ['hemoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['sterile peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Splenic infarct']


abstract: @entity591 , in particular @entity956 after surgery for @entity299 , is associated with a high mortality. Treatment with various antiarrhythmic drugs and/or antitachycardia pacemakers is not very successful. @entity2778 , a Class III drug, has shown to be a promising drug in adults with @entity591 . However, the experience with @entity2778 in @entity1 after surgery for @entity299 is limited. Therefore, we describe our results here. Between December 1990 and February 1997, 26 @entity1 with @entity591 , most of them with @entity955 (n = 20), after surgery for @entity299 were treated with @entity2778 orally. The age of the @entity1 at the start of treatment was 7.5 +/- 5.8 years (mean +/- SD). The time interval between surgery and the start of @entity591 ranged from 1 day to 14.3 years (3.8 +/- 3.8 years). Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 16 out of 22 hemodynamically stable @entity1 with a dosage of 4.0 +/- 1.6 mg/kg per day. The six @entity1 without sinus rhythm on @entity2778 and four hemodynamically unstable @entity1 were treated prophylactically with @entity2778 after DC cardioversion for their @entity591 . Two @entity1 complained of mild transient @entity1295 . Heart rate decreased during therapy (95 +/- 33 vs 81 +/- 21 beats/min; P = 0.01). QTc-intervals did not change. Proarrhythmias such as @entity1166 were not encountered. Two @entity1 with a preexistent sick @entity1817 showed aggravation of @entity1168 and needed pacemaker implantation. The percentage of @entity1 with a recurrence-free interval of 1 and 2 years was 96% and 81%, respectively, for all @entity591 , and 92% and 66% for @entity956 . The recurrences of @entity591 during the follow-up period, which ranged from 0.1-6.1 years (2.5 +/- 1.8 years) could be treated with only an increase of the dosage of @entity2778 in all but one @entity1 . We conclude that @entity2778 is an effective drug for the treatment and prevention of @entity591 in @entity1 after surgery for @entity299 .

title: XXXX for @entity591 after surgery for @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardias', 'atrial tachycardia', 'tachycardias', 'Atrial tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['Sotalol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity263 results in significant @entity1 morbidity, health care expenditure, and ultimately in mortality. We sought to identify @entity1 and treatment factors predictive of distant @entity3 in @entity1 completing external beam radiotherapy. METHODS: Five hundred sixty-seven @entity1 completing external beam radiotherapy at Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between March 1987 and November 1994 for Stage T1 to T3 @entity5 were analyzed. Distant @entity3 were detected by radionuclide bone scans. Estimates of rates for distant @entity3 as a first failure were conducted using cumulative incidence methods and predictors of failure were analyzed univariately and multivariately. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 46 months. On univariate analysis, the following were statistically significant predictors of distant @entity3 at 5 years: @entity1 age greater than 65 years, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen ( @entity1486 ) level, advanced stage, lower radiation dose, and Gleason score 7 to 10. Multivariate testing confirmed that age greater than 65 years, high pretreatment @entity1486 level, lower radiation dose, and advanced stage were significant independent predictors of distant @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 over the age of 65 years are more likely to experience distant failure than are younger @entity1 . The discovery of age-related differences in patterns of failure has significant therapeutic implications with regard to @entity1 selection, trial design, and adjuvant therapy recommendations. Furthermore, age-related differences in failure may influence comparison of outcome data for radiotherapy series, which tend to have older @entity1 , to surgical reports that usually include significantly younger @entity1 .

title: Age-related prostate cancer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intracavernous injection with pharmacological agents is described as a safe and efficient method for @entity323 treatment. Among other adverse events, @entity546 is a potentially difficult-to-treat complication. AIM: We present a rare case of @entity546 presenting 6 months after intracavernous papaverine injection. The etiology, diagnosis, and management of this condition are discussed briefly. METHODS: A 49-year-old afebrile @entity1 presented with the development of distal penile shaft swelling. A 6   4-cm tender lump was palpable on the left ventrolateral side, with mobile overlying skin but fixed to underlying tissue, without any local or general signs of @entity281 . The swelling gradually increased in volume over a period of 2 weeks following intracavernous papaverine injection. However, the @entity1 did not seek medical advice for 6 months because of the minimal symptoms associated with his condition. RESULTS: The abscess was revealed through sub-coronal circumferential skin degloving incision. The thick abscess sheath was incised and pus drained, followed by blunt excision down to the intact cavernosal tunica albuginea. On the 12th postoperative day, the case was further complicated by development of an urethrocutaneous @entity292 , 6 mm in diameter, on the ventral side of the spongy urethra. The @entity1 was initially managed by suprapubic cystostomy and an Orandi urethroplasty was performed after 3 months. On day 14, post-urethroplasty, the @entity292 was completely closed and no complaints concerning micturition were reported. At follow-up, the @entity1 showed good functional results in terms of maintained normal sexual function and @entity546 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity546 after intracavernous injection is a rare condition. This unusual case speaks to the importance of a thoughtful surgical management with the need of operating team collaboration in order to resolve the abscess and manage potential complications.

title: @entity546 and urethrocutaneous XXXX following intracavernous injection: a case report.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile abscess', 'absent penile curvature', 'Penile abscess']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 depends on the extent of resection. Thus, the desirability of an intra-operative imaging modality that can augment the resection extension without affecting vital surrounding structures is more than obvious. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate a possible benefit of image-guided intra-operative ultrasonography for the surgery of recurrent @entity11 . METHOD: The authors performed ultrasonography-assisted image-guided resection of recurrent @entity11 in 16 @entity1 . An ultrasound device (IGSonic) was integrated into the VectorVision2 navigation system (BrainLAB, Heimstetten, Germany). The IGSonic Probe 10V5 was connected to the VectorVision Navigation station via an IGSonic Device Box. Following @entity1 registration, MRI based neuronavigation was used to determine the skin incision and the bone flap. Before opening the dura, the underlying structures were explored by ultrasound combined with the corresponding MR images. The navigated ultrasound displayed the sonographic image of the intracranial anatomy on the navigation screen in a composed overlay fashion. FINDINGS: The integration of intra-operative ultrasound into neuronavigation system offered quick and helpful intra-operative images in all 16 procedures. Due to the specific ultrasonic characteristics of the solid and the cystic parts, our technique created highly useful images in 10 @entity1 with @entity4557 . In these, user friendly images were obtained that were easy to understand even for neurosurgeons without major experience in intra-operative ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: Neurosonography is a time- and cost-effective technology offering intra-operative imaging. The improved orientation and visualization of @entity5 remnants, adjacent ventricles, and the enhanced intra- and peri-tumoural vasculature is one of the main advantages of ultrasonography-assisted image-guided surgery, which is most obvious during surgery for @entity11 .

title: Image-guided ultrasonography for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['cystic gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['cystic recurrences']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['cystic gliomas']


abstract: Previous results indicate that intra-amygdala infusions of @entity143 receptor antagonists block the extinction of conditioned fear. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) can be activated by @entity143 receptor stimulation and is involved in excitatory fear conditioning. Here, we evaluate the role of MAPK within the basolateral amygdala in the extinction of conditioned fear. @entity35 received 10 light-shock pairings. After 24 hr, fear was assessed by eliciting the acoustic @entity427 reflex in the presence of the conditioned stimulus (CS) (CS-noise trials) and also in its absence (noise-alone trials). @entity35 subsequently received an intra-amygdala or intrahippocampal infusion of either 20% @entity3733 or the MAPK inhibitor @entity4286 (500 ng/side) followed 10 min later by 30 presentations of the light CS without shock (extinction training). After 24 hr, they were again tested for fear-potentiated @entity427 . @entity4286 infusions into the basolateral amygdala but not the hippocampus significantly reduced extinction, which was otherwise evident in @entity3733 -infused @entity35 . Control experiments indicated that the effect of intra-amygdala @entity4286 could not be attributed to lasting @entity16 or to state dependency. These results suggest that a MAPK-dependent signaling cascade within or very near the basolateral amygdala plays an important role in the extinction of conditioned fear.

title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the basolateral nucleus of amygdala is involved in extinction of fear-potentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the amygdala']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['startle']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) 3350 plus electrolytes ( @entity970 +E; Movicol((R))) with that of ispaghula husk (psyllium; Konsyl((R))) in the treatment of @entity1142 . @entity1 : Male or female adults with chronic functional @entity1142 . METHODS: This was a randomised, controlled, open-label, parallel-group trial. Study treatment was either @entity970 +E 13.8g/sachet dissolved in water twice daily or ispaghula husk 3.5g/sachet dissolved in water twice daily for a period of 2 weeks. Assessments were at baseline and after 1 and 2 weeks' therapy and by @entity1 daily diary card. The primary outcome measures were weekly defaecation rate, stool consistency according to the Bristol Stool Form scale, time to first defaecation, and overall efficacy, which combined defaecation rate, stool consistency and difficulty on defaecation. Adverse effects were recorded and laboratory assessments were performed before and at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 were randomised to each treatment group. Treatment was highly effective in 50/63 @entity1 in the @entity970 +E group compared with 26/63 in the ispaghula husk group, and the overall efficacy rates were 92% and 73%, respectively (p = 0.005). @entity970 +E increased the mean weekly defaecation rate from 1.18 (SD 0.77) at baseline to 7.95 (SD 3.49) after 1 week and 8.48 (SD 3.55) after 2 weeks. In the ispaghula husk group the mean weekly defaecation rate increased from 1.33 (SD 0.68) at baseline to 5.33 (SD 2.81) after 1 week and to 5.71 (SD 2.49) after 2 weeks. The treatment differences for defaecation rates were all statistically significant (p < 0.001). Two weeks of treatment with @entity970 +E or ispaghula husk normalised stools in 55/63 (87.3%) and 42/63 (66.7%) of @entity1 (p < 0.001). The incidence of adverse effects did not differ between groups and none were serious or required any treatment. Laboratory evaluations found no adverse effect from either treatment. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that low-dose @entity968 plus electrolytes is more effective and more rapid in its onset of action than ispaghula husk, and is equally well tolerated.

title: A Randomised, Controlled Comparison of Low-Dose XXXX 3350 plus Electrolytes with Ispaghula Husk in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Functional Constipation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['PEG 3350', 'polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['Polyethylene Glycol']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1494 is a major @entity154 involving @entity853 . It appears intuitive that closure of the pelvic ring using osteotomy would be associated with a decreased risk of @entity3577 . We investigated whether osteotomy is associated with a decreased risk of @entity3577 in females with classic @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched our institutional review board approved exstrophy database of 1,078 @entity1 and identified 335 females. We excluded @entity1 who were younger than 13 years, had @entity7891 or @entity7890 and did not have postpubertal imaging for measurement of pubic @entity6877 available. Our final study population consisted of 67 females. Univariate analysis was performed using t test or rank sum test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Median @entity1 age was 23 years (range 13 to 60). A total of 20 @entity1 (29.9%) had @entity3577 at a median age of 20 years (range 11 to 43). Of the 67 @entity1 25 (37.3%) had undergone osteotomy at a median age of 6 months (range birth to 10 years). Seven @entity1 had at least 1 pregnancy (range 1 to 3), and 24 @entity1 had undergone vaginoplasty. On univariate analysis only @entity6877 was associated with @entity3577 , with smaller @entity6877 associated with a decreased risk of prolapse. On multivariate analysis including @entity6877 and osteotomy only @entity6877 was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Osteotomy does not decrease the risk of @entity3577 in @entity1 with classic @entity1494 . Rather, degree of @entity6877 is significantly associated with @entity3577 .

title: Is pelvic osteotomy associated with lower risk of @entity3577 in postpubertal females with classic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy', 'Bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['defects in the genitourinary tract and pelvic musculoskeletal system']

entities_list: @entity7891 :: ('MESH:D001746', 'Disease') :: ['cloacal exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity6877 :: ('MESH:D046548', 'Disease') :: ['diastasis']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder exstrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The main purpose of the study was to assess the role and efficacy of high-dose-rate (HDRBT) and pulsed-dose-rate (PDRBT) brachytherapy in the palliative treatment of recurrent or residual stomal @entity5 after total laryngectomy. STUDY DESIGN: We aimed at presenting a series of 22 consecutive @entity1 treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Pozna   University of Medical Sciences, and in the Brachytherapy Department of Greater Poland Cancer Center. METHODS: In 16 @entity1 PDRBT was used and in six @entity1 HDRBT was used. In three @entity1 , BT procedures were performed in combination with simultaneous chemotherapy. Two @entity1 were additionally treated with interstitial @entity221 . In 16 @entity1 , surgical cytoreduction of the @entity5 preceded the catheters placement. In six @entity1 , a second course of BT was performed due to neck metastases. All @entity1 were regularly followed up within 6 months. Local control, complications, and survival were assessed. RESULTS: Complete and partial remissions 6 months after finishing the treatment were achieved in four (20%) @entity1 , while survival rates 24 months after BT were estimated for 22%. Severe late complications occurred in two (9%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that HDRBT and PDRBT are feasible in previously irradiated @entity1 with recurrent or residual stomal @entity5 after total laryngectomy. They provide acceptable @entity137 and good palliative effect.

title: The role of high-dose-rate and pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy in the management of recurrent or residual stomal XXXX after total laryngectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4671 is an @entity8304 hypnotic which is commonly used by emergency medicine physicians during rapid sequence intubation. @entity4671 's duration of action is significantly shorter than that of commonly used long-acting paralytic medications (3-12 minutes vs 25-73 minutes). If additional sedative medications are not administered in the paralyzed @entity1 before the conclusion of @entity4671 's duration of action, @entity1 are at risk for experiencing @entity912 without adequate sedation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of the administration of additional sedation in pediatric emergency department @entity1 undergoing endotracheal intubation with @entity4671 and a long-acting paralytic agent. METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of pediatric @entity1 undergoing endotracheal intubation in a tertiary pediatric emergency department between July 2001 and December 2005. All @entity1 intubated with @entity4671 and @entity2898 or @entity3369 were eligible for inclusion; @entity1 with @entity410 were excluded. Data elements included the following: demographic variables, presenting complaint, intubation indication, medications used, time from @entity4671 administration to the administration of an additional sedative, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, and @entity1 disposition. RESULTS: During the study period, 276 pediatric intubations were reviewed with 104 @entity1 receiving @entity4671 and @entity2898 or @entity3369 . Twenty cases were excluded, 15 cases with documented @entity410 and 5 incomplete/missing charts. Eighty-four records were included in the final analysis. The mean age is 84 +/- 65 months; 62 (73.8%) @entity1 were male; the mean GCS was 8.44 +/- 3.9, with a median GCS of 8 (interquartile range 6,11), and 41 (48.8%) of @entity1 presented with blunt @entity130 . The mean time from @entity4671 to the administration of additional sedation was 46 +/- 49 minutes. Eleven (13.1%) @entity1 received no additional sedative after @entity4671 administration, whereas only 20 (23.8%) @entity1 were given a sedative within 15 minutes of the administration of @entity4671 . Fifty-three (63.1%) @entity1 received an additional sedative more than 15 minutes after the administration of @entity4671 . CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of pediatric @entity1 receiving @entity4671 and @entity2898 or @entity3369 during endotracheal intubation are likely experiencing ongoing @entity912 without adequate sedation. Emergency medicine physicians should be cognizant of this when using these medications for facilitating intubation.

title: Sedation after intubation using XXXX and a long-acting neuromuscular blocker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Etomidate']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['etomidate']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity1 ' knowledge of and attitudes toward the management of @entity5 and to identify, from the @entity1 ' perspectives, factors contributing to effective and ineffective @entity158 relief. DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational. SETTING: Ambulatory care oncology facility in Canada. SAMPLE: Convenience sample of 42 @entity1 receiving @entity158 medication for chronic @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 completed a modified version of the @entity1 @entity158 Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire and responded to two open-ended questions. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: @entity1 ' knowledge of and attitudes toward @entity5 management and their perceptions of factors contributing to effective and ineffective @entity158 relief. FINDINGS: Many @entity1 locked knowledge of the principles involved in effective @entity5 management and had unrealistic concerns about @entity158 medications. Significant negative relationships were found between @entity158 intensity ratings and factors such as @entity1 ' knowledge of @entity158 management, their level of satisfaction with @entity158 relief, and their perception of the goal of @entity158 management. @entity1 identified a number of impediments to effective @entity158 relief, including concerns about addiction and various side effects to @entity158 medications. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 have inadequate knowledge about the management of @entity5 and have unrealistic concerns about @entity158 medications, both of which have been identified in the literature as barriers to effective @entity5 management. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: A need exists for @entity1 education that addresses @entity1 ' misconceptions and concerns about using @entity158 medications and the principles involved in effective @entity5 management.

title: XXXX ' knowledge of and attitudes toward the management of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers pain', 'cancer-related pain', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'oral pain', 'pain', 'taking pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Augmented Soft Tissue Mobilization (ASTM) is a new non-invasive soft tissue mobilization technique which has been used successfully to treat a variety of @entity85 . The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ASTM therapy on the morphological and functional characteristics of enzyme induced injured @entity35 Achilles tendons. Four groups of five @entity35 were allocated as follows: (A) control, (B) @entity924 , (C) @entity924 plus ASTM, and (D) ASTM alone. Collagenase injury was induced, and the surgical site was allowed to heal for 3 wk. ASTM was performed on the Achilles tendon of groups C and D for 3 min on postoperative days 21, 25, 29, and 33 for a total of four treatments. Gait data were gathered prior to each treatment. The Achilles tendons of each group were harvested 1 wk after the last treatment. Specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopy, and immunostaining for type I and type III collagen and fibronectin was performed. Light microscopy showed increased fibroblast proliferation in the @entity924 plus ASTM treatment group. Although healing in @entity35 may not translate directly to healing in @entity1 , the findings of this study suggest that ASTM may promote healing via increased fibroblast recruitment.

title: XXXX tendon morphologic and functional changes resulting from soft tissue mobilization.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence from behavioural studies suggests that impaired motor response inhibition may be common to several externalizing @entity1 @entity146 , although it has been proposed to be the core-deficit in @entity71 . Since similar overt behaviour may be accompanied by different covert brain activity, the aim of this study was to investigate both brain-electric-activity and performance measures in three groups of @entity1 with externalizing @entity1 @entity146 and a group of normal controls. METHODS: A Stop-task was used to measure specific aspects of response inhibition in 10 @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ), 8 @entity1 with @entity952 ( @entity952 ), 11 @entity1 with comorbid @entity71 + @entity952 and 11 normal controls. All @entity1 were between 8 and 14 years old. Event-related potentials and behavioural responses were recorded. An initial go-signal related microstate, a subsequent Stop-signal related N200, and performance measures were analyzed using ANCOVA with age as covariate. RESULTS: Groups did not differ in accuracy or reaction time to the Go-stimuli. However, all clinical groups displayed reduced map strength in a microstate related to initial processing of the Go-stimulus compared to normal controls, whereas topography did not differ. Concerning motor response inhibition, the @entity71 -only and the @entity952 -only groups displayed slower Stop-signal reaction times (SSRT) and Stop-failure reaction time compared to normal controls. In @entity1 with comorbid @entity71 + @entity952 , Stop-failure reaction-time was longer than in controls, but their SSRT was not slowed. Moreover, SSRT in @entity71 + @entity952 was faster than in @entity71 -only or @entity952 -only. The @entity71 -only and @entity952 -only groups displayed reduced Stop-N200 mean amplitude over right-frontal electrodes. This effect reached only a trend for comorbid @entity71 + @entity952 . CONCLUSION: Following similar attenuations in initial processing of the Go-signal in all clinical groups compared to controls, distinct Stop-signal related deficits became evident in the clinical groups. Both @entity1 with @entity71 and @entity952 showed deficits in behavioural response-inhibition accompanied by @entity9326 signalling or inhibition processes. Neither behavioural nor neural markers of @entity51 as found in @entity71 -only and @entity952 -only were additive. Instead, @entity1 with comorbid @entity71 + @entity952 showed similar or even less prominent inhibition deficits than the other clinical groups. Hence, the @entity71 + @entity952 -group may represent a separate clinical entity.

title: Response inhibition deficits in externalizing XXXX @entity146 : an ERP-study with the Stop-task.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity9326 :: ('MESH:D006313', 'Disease') :: ['decreased central conflict']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['AD/HD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['inhibitory deficits']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder', 'ODD/CD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we determined the role of mucosal mast cell (MMC) activation in the pathogenesis of @entity1944 -reperfusion (I/R) injury by immunohistochemical analysis using anti- @entity18311 antibody. In addition, we investigated the role of free-radical generation in the activation of MMCs in this model. METHODS: In the first experiment, @entity35 were divided into four groups: (1) sham operated; (2) I/R + saline; (3) I/R + the mast cell stabilizer, @entity56217 (30 mg/kg); and (4) I/R + @entity56217 (100 mg/kg). Treatment with @entity56217 was started 1 h before the occlusion of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ). In the second experiment, @entity35 were divided into five groups: (1) sham operated; (2) I/R + saline; (3) I/R + @entity224 dismutase (SOD; 50,000 U/ml); (4) I/R + catalase (90,000 U/ml); and (5) I/R + @entity208 (50 mg/kg/day). Intravenous administration of SOD and catalase was performed 1 h before @entity6029 occlusion. Oral administration of @entity208 was started 2 days before I/R surgery. We measured several parameters of @entity3137 and evaluated the degranulation of MMCs by using an immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The number of resting MMCs, detected by anti- @entity18311 antibody, was significantly decreased in the I/R-treated @entity35 . The I/R treatment induced a decrease in the mucosal @entity112 content and an increase in plasma @entity112 levels. Mucosal permeability in the small intestine was significantly enhanced by I/R treatment. However, these changes were significantly prevented by pretreatment with the @entity1139 stabilizer, @entity56217 . Furthermore, administration of several free-radicals scavengers (SOD, catalase, and @entity208 ) also blocked the I/R-induced degranulation of MMCs. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that activation of MMCs was involved in the pathogenesis of I/R-induced @entity3137 . In addition, some parts of the I/R-induced MMC activation pathway were mediated by free-radical generation.

title: The role of mucosal mast cell degranulation and free-radical generation in XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal ischaemia']


abstract: Peripheral nerve "bridges" demonstrate the ability to facilitate axonal growth and regenerate adult and fetal central nervous system tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine if co-grafted peripheral nerve tissue could enhance the ability of fetal @entity935 (DA) cell transplants to reinnervate host striatum that had been denervated unilaterally. Male Fisher-344 @entity35 were unilaterally lesioned with @entity2955 to eliminate the nigrostriatal DA pathway. A total of 31 @entity35 demonstrated a pattern of rotation indicative of a greater than 98% depletion in DA. @entity35 were kept as nongrafted controls (n = 6), grafted with sciatic nerve ( @entity6841 ) minces (n = 6), grafted with fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM; n = 10), or co-grafted with VM and @entity6841 minces (n = 9). All groups were then tested for changes in @entity3826 -induced @entity717 . The @entity6841 control group showed no significant differences in rotation when compared to pregrafting levels and to the lesioned nongrafted group. Both the VM-grafted group and the VM- @entity6841 co-grafted group showed significant (P less than 0.01, one-way ANOVA) decreases in rotations beginning at 1.5 weeks postgrafting. There was a progressive decrease in rotations up to 12 weeks, the last test point examined. Interestingly, the co-graft group revealed a significantly greater decrease in rotation (P less than 0.05) than the VM group beginning at 5 weeks and continuing out to the 12-week test point. Histological and immunocytochemical studies showed good survival of both @entity6841 and VM grafts. The augmented recovery could not be accounted for by increased DA cell survival or host brain DA reinnervation in the co-graft group. Taken together, these findings suggest that @entity6841 tissue enhances the ability of fetal VM grafts to reinnervate host brain.

title: Functional enhancement of intrastriatal XXXX -containing grafts by the co-transplantation of sciatic nerve tissue in @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational behavior']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome type and the ultrasound imaging changes in @entity1 with limb @entity4269 , and to provide evidence for TCM syndrome differentiation. METHODS: Syndrome typing was done and ultrasonography was performed in 107 @entity1 with limb @entity4269 . The thickenings of derma, hypodermis and @entity2632 were measured. The ultrasound echo intensity and the morphology of the hypodermis were classified into five degrees according to the ultrasonogram. The ultrasound indexes in the limb @entity4269 @entity1 with different syndromes were compared, and the relationship between TCM syndromes and the ultrasound indexes was analyzed. RESULTS: There were specific ultrasound image features in different TCM syndromes of limb @entity4269 . The thickenings of derma, hypodermis and @entity2632 in the limb @entity4269 @entity1 with downward migration of damp-heat or phlegm stagnation and blood stasis were more significant than those in the @entity1 with @entity3885 due to cold-dampness (P<0.05, P<0.01). The thickenings of derma and hypodermis in the @entity1 with phlegm stagnation and blood stasis were obviously more severe than those in the @entity1 with downward migration of damp-heat (P<0.01). The maximum and minimum ultrasound echo intensities of hypodermis were in phlegm stagnation and blood stasis and downward migration of damp-heat respectively (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in the hypodermal morphology among the three syndrome types (P<0.05). The most obvious structure disturbance was observed in the @entity1 with phlegm stagnation and @entity1503 . CONCLUSION: TCM syndrome type of limb @entity4269 is related to ultrasound image changes. The imaging data can be regarded as new objective indexes for TCM syndrome differentiation, and it has an important value for diagnosis and treatment of limb @entity4269 .

title: [Relationship between ultrasound imaging and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in limb XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['collateral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood stasis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['deep-fascia']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']