abstract: @entity208 may induce severe @entity56 characterized by @entity99 , @entity1986 , and @entity1910 . The mechanisms for this @entity7586 are incompletely elucidated. Immunologic studies were performed on tissue and peripheral blood lymphocytes from a @entity1 with @entity208 @entity56 . Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections of the liver biopsy utilizing monoclonal antibodies for T and B lymphocytes. Peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and peripheral blood lymphocyte stimulation studies with either @entity208 or @entity6652 measured as tritiated @entity1014 uptake were performed in the hypersensitive @entity1 and compared to a group of six @entity1 treated with @entity208 without @entity56 and eight normal control @entity1 . Additional single- and dual-color immunophenotyping by flow cytometry of @entity6652 -stimulated lymphocytes was performed in the hypersensitive @entity1 and compared to normal controls. The liver biopsy demonstrated predominantly a T lymphocyte infiltrate. The number of peripheral blood lymphocytes expressing activation antigens was significantly greater in the hypersensitive @entity1 compared to that of both control groups. Lymphocytes from the hypersensitive @entity1 were moderately stimulated by @entity208 and markedly stimulated by @entity6652 compared to both control groups. @entity6652 -stimulated lymphocytes from the hypersensitive @entity1 demonstrated enhanced expression of activation antigens compared to unstimulated lymphocytes from this @entity1 and normal controls. These studies suggest that cell-mediated immunity directed toward @entity208 and more importantly to its @entity6652 metabolite is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity208 -induced @entity56 .

title: Cell-mediated immunity in XXXX -induced @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity6652 :: ('MESH:D010117', 'Chemical') :: ['oxypurinol', 'Oxypurinol']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity7586 :: ('MESH:D063926', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity syndrome']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: A 76-year-old female presented with a large upper basilar artery (BA) @entity439 causing obstructive @entity1276 after coil embolization manifesting as @entity892 . Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography showed a large BA top @entity439 . Coil embolization was performed. More than 6 months after the first coil embolization, the @entity439 had re-grown and we performed a second coil embolization. Soon after that, obstructive @entity1276 at the aqueduct of the midbrain occurred. MR imaging was performed to evaluate whether there was enough space at the prepontine cistern for a third ventriculostomy and also to verify the posterior direction of the @entity439 growth because of the risk of @entity397 the @entity439 during the operative procedure. Then, we performed an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) via a left-sided approach. We could easily identify the infundibular recess, mamillary bodies, and tuber cinereum in the third ventricular floor. We detected a pulsating @entity438 that appeared to have caused a reddish color change in the right mammillary body and the right side of the thalamus and midbrain. If there is sufficient space in the prepontine cistern for the surgical procedure, ETV is a good choice for the treatment of obstructive @entity1276 associated with @entity438 .

title: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive XXXX caused by a large @entity438 after coil embolization.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupturing']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms', 'upper BA aneurysm']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Atopic ( @entity5066 ) and nonatopic ( @entity14728 ) @entity565 are characterized by chronic @entity32 and local tissue @entity1712 . Many C-C chemokines are potent eosinophil chemoattractants and act predominantly via the @entity23427 . We examined the expression of eotaxin, @entity28955 , @entity5737 , @entity7721 ( @entity7721 ), @entity12866 , and @entity23427 in the bronchial mucosa from atopic ( @entity5066 ) and nonatopic (intrinsic; @entity14728 ) asthmatics and compared our findings with atopic (AC) and nonatopic nonasthmatic controls (NC). Cryostat sections were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and double IHC/ISH. Compared with AC and NC, the numbers of EG2+ cells and the cells expressing mRNA for eotaxin, @entity28955 , @entity5737 , @entity7721 , @entity12866 , and @entity23427 were significantly increased in @entity5066 and @entity14728 (p < 0.01). Nonsignificant differences in these variants were observed between @entity5066 and @entity14728 and between AC and NC. Significant correlations between the cells expressing eotaxin or @entity23427 and EG2+ eosinophils in the bronchial tissue were also observed for both @entity5066 (p < 0.01) and @entity14728 (p = 0.01). Moreover, in the total asthmatic group ( @entity5066 + @entity14728 ) there was a significant inverse correlation between the expression of eotaxin and that of the @entity112 PC20 (p < 0.05). Sequential IHC/ISH showed that cytokeratin+ epithelial cells, @entity2279 + endothelial cells, and @entity469 + macrophages were the major sources of eotaxin, @entity28955 , @entity5737 , @entity7721 , and @entity12866 . There was no significantly different distribution of cells expressing mRNA for these chemokines between @entity12131 . These findings suggest that multiple C-C chemokines, acting at least in part via @entity23427 , contribute to bronchial @entity1712 in both @entity12131 .

title: Eosinophil chemotactic chemokines (eotaxin, @entity28955 , XXXX , @entity7721 ( @entity7721 ), and @entity12866 ), and @entity23427 expression in bronchial biopsies from atopic and nonatopic (Intrinsic) asthmatics.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic and nonatopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity7721 :: ('6354', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-3', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-3']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity5737 :: (6352,Gene) :: ['RANTES']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combination drug therapy of @entity3377 leads to recovery of symptoms, shortening of symptomatic interval, and decrease in morbidity rate, but single drug therapy is associated with more relapse episodes and a higher rate of drug resistance. Different drug combinations have been evaluated in the treatment of @entity3377 . Considering the failure of treatment and relatively high rate of relapse of the disease with the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended therapeutic regimen, we evaluated a new regimen that we assumed would increase the success of treatment and decrease the rate of relapse. In this study we compare the standard regimen of the WHO, @entity3403 - @entity1215 (DR), to triple therapy with @entity3403 - @entity1215 - @entity4509 (ADR). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity3377 , who attended Hamedan Sina Hospital between 1999 and 2001, whether seen as outpatients or as inpatients, were enrolled in the study. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to the DR group (receiving @entity3403 100 mg twice a day and @entity1215 10 mg/kg body weight/day every morning, both taken orally for eight weeks) or the ADR group (receiving @entity3403 100 mg twice a day and @entity1215 10 mg/kg body weight/day every morning, both taken orally for eight weeks, plus 7.5 mg/kg @entity4509 intramuscularly twice a day for seven days). The @entity1 were checked for the relief of symptoms, drug side-effects, and relapse of disease during the treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 228 @entity1 enrolled, eight were withdrawn - four @entity1 from the DR group and four from the ADR group. Of the remaining 220 @entity1 (110 in the ADR group and 110 in the DR group), 107 were male (48.6%) and 113 were female (51.4%). Mean age was 35.7+/-17 years in the ADR group and 37+/-18.4 years in the DR group (p=0.5). In the DR group, 97 (88.2%) and in the ADR group, 106 (96.4%) of the @entity1 had relief of symptoms (a significant difference by Chi-square test (p=0.04)). After completion of treatment, and at the sixth month follow-up, nine (9.3%) @entity1 in the DR group and six (5.7%) in the ADR group experienced a relapse of the disease, with no significant difference (p=0.4). Mild side-effects were found in only 10 @entity1 , and none required discontinuation of the therapeutic regimen. Of these @entity1 , four were from DR group and six from ADR group; no significant difference was observed (p=0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Given the fact that the ADR regimen had a higher efficacy and more rapid action in terms of relief of symptoms compared to the DR regimen, and that no significant difference in drug side-effects and disease relapse existed in the @entity1 of either group, adding @entity4509 to the DR standard treatment regimen seems beneficial.

title: Comparison between XXXX - @entity1215 - @entity4509 and @entity3403 - @entity1215 regimens in the treatment of @entity3377 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['doxycycline']


abstract: The biofragmentable @entity254 Ring (BAR) is a mechanical device composed of absorbable material and creates an inverting, @entity2850 with no foreign material at the anastomotic site after healing. The aim of the present experimental study was to assess the safety of oesophagoscopy in early days after oesophageal anastomoses performed with the BAR and to follow-up the healing of BAR anastomoses by in vivo endoscopy and autopsy examination. Thirty mongrel @entity235 divided into subgroups according to the time-points of endoscopy and autopsy (4th, 7th, 14th, 28th day) were used. There was no significant difference in the healing of anastomoses performed under or above the tracheal bifurcation. @entity456 helped to cover and seal small subclinical leaks. The mortality was 13.3% (4 @entity235 ) and the overall leakage rate 14.3%. We looked for @entity548 , haematoma, @entity2681 , @entity1066 and granulation tissue in the @entity254 . Due to the high mechanical strength of these anastomoses, oesophagoscopy was a safe, easy and feasible method for follow-up BAR intrathoracic anastomoses, with no significant difference between the number of lesions found with endoscopy as compared to the autopsy data. The overall sensitivity of oesophagoscopy to discover @entity3137 was 73.1%. Endoscopy had no complications, therefore it is a useful method of follow-up and may help predict the normal or compromised healing of oesophageal anastomoses.

title: Endoscopy and autopsy follow-up of biodegradable oesophageal anastomoses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['atraumatic compressive anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural adhesions']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the accuracy of dual-phase helical CT in the preoperative assessment of resectability in @entity1 with suspected @entity788 using surgical and histopathologic correlation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between January 1999 and December 2000, 76 @entity1 with suspected @entity788 underwent preoperative evaluation and staging with dual-phase helical CT (3-mm collimation for pancreatic phase, 5-mm collimation for portal phase). Iodinated contrast material was injected IV (170 mL at a rate of 4 mL/sec); acquisition began at 40 sec during the pancreatic phase and at 70 sec during the portal phase. Three radiologists prospectively evaluated the imaging findings to determine the presence of @entity788 and signs of unresectability (liver @entity3 , vascular encasement, or regional lymph nodes @entity3 ). The degree of @entity5 -vessel contiguity was recorded for each @entity1 (no contiguity with @entity5 , contiguity of < 50%, or contiguity of > or =50%). RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity788 were surgically explored. Curative resections were attempted in 34 @entity1 and were successful in 25. The positive predictive value for resectability was 73.5%. Nine @entity1 considered resectable on the basis of CT findings were found to be unresectable at surgery because of liver @entity3 (n = 5), vascular encasement (n = 2), or lymph node @entity3 (n = 2). We found that the overall accuracy of helical CT as a tool for determining whether a @entity788 was resectable was 77% (30/39 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: Dual-phase helical CT is a useful technique for preoperative staging of @entity788 . The main limitation of CT is that it may not reveal small hepatic metastases.

title: Dual-phase helical CT of XXXX : assessment of resectability before surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are many @entity85 , including @entity4553 , forefoot overload, and hammertoe that are treated as unrelated problems with multiple different techniques. Currently, there has been renewed interest in the role of a gastrocnemius contracture on @entity5109 . Our objective was to review a specific surgical treatment plan for @entity85 classified by us as Type 2 arch collapse and evaluate the outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 374 @entity1 who underwent foot procedures to treat deformity classified as a Type 2 arch collapse. Data was collected regarding complications and need for secondary surgery. A phone survey was performed to assess @entity1 satisfaction, @entity158 level, and Foot Function Index (FFI) scores. RESULTS: Of the 374 @entity1 (412 feet), there was a 96% (357 of 371 feet) union rate at the first tarsometatarsal joint and 98% (227 of 232 feet) union rate at metatarsal shortening osteotomy sites. Recurrence of @entity4553 was 2.7% (7 of 256 feet), while hallux varus occurred in 1.6% (4 of 256 feet). There were 292 @entity1 (78%) available for phone interview. Of those @entity1 , 88% were satisfied with the results of the procedure. The subset of procedures relating to the highest mean FFI was hammertoe correction (22.2) and the highest mean @entity158 score was related to metatarsal shortening osteotomy (2.6). CONCLUSION: Utilizing the arch collapse model, operative treatment of @entity85 with a combination of procedures including gastrocnemius recession, first TMT fusion, modified McBride, hammertoe correction, and metatarsal shortening osteotomy can produce good satisfaction rates with low complication rates.

title: Operative correction of arch collapse with XXXX : a retrospective analysis of outcomes.

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['forefoot deformities']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['forefoot deformity']


abstract: We have recently developed a new mass spectrometry method, the STEP (statistical test of equivalent pathways) analysis that uses ion abundances in two tandem mass spectrometry experiments to obtain genealogy information about product ions present in mass spectra. The method requires minimal sample, and it can be performed using a conventional quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. To obtain genealogy information, STEP ratios are calculated by comparing the relative abundances of product ions in two @entity15 / @entity15 experiments. These ratios are directly related to the origin of the product ions. Product ions that result directly from the precursor ion always have STEP ratios that are </=1. Ions that result from secondary fragmentation pathways have STEP ratios that are significantly larger than the primary ions, based on a Q test of statistical significance. Consequently, the type (primary or secondary) of all the product ions in an @entity15 / @entity15 experiment can easily be identified in this analysis. The STEP method is applied herein to peptides and @entity3363 , and the STEP results are consistent with validation data for 95% of the ions in this study. This new method has many applications in @entity1735 and peptide analysis. It can be used to support mechanistic studies of peptide fragmentation, and it is useful for discriminating among various isomeric @entity3363 , without the need for reference standards. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the reliability of this method, and an example showing how the method benefits @entity1735 sequencing is also provided.

title: STEP (Statistical Test of Equivalent Pathways) analysis: a mass spectrometric method for XXXX and peptides.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrates']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish and characterize an in vitro model of radiation-induced transformation of normal glial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the last week of gestation, pregnant @entity35 were either irradiated at 3.5 Gy (0.022 Gy h(-1)) with a 60Co source or sham irradiated. On day 21 of gestation, cortical nerve cells from foetuses were isolated, and then maintained in culture for about 100 passages, in presence of 10(-9) g/ml of @entity4514 (TPA). To follow transformation, various parameters: cell type, proliferation, clonogenicity, karyotypes and tumorigenicity, were studied at different passages. RESULTS: As the number of passages increased, control cells lost their glial morphology and were immortalized. They kept on expressing specific markers of type 2 astrocytes ( @entity40 ( @entity40 ) and A2B5). Karyotypes remained near diploid. At all passages tested, they were not tumorigenic in @entity19 . Irradiated cells expressed the 2A progenitor cell specific markers: @entity40 , @entity7229 and A2B5. Karyotypes evolved toward @entity5700 and cells displayed an iso 7 and a marker. These changes were synchronous with modifications in tumorigenicity. @entity3 were even observed in @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Cells from irradiated animals were fully transformed, while cells from sham irradiated animals were only immortalized.

title: Transformation by radiation of XXXX foetal glial cells.

entities_list: @entity5700 :: ('MESH:D011123', 'Disease') :: ['polyploidy']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acid protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Longitudinal comparison of prescribed energy, actually administered energy, and @entity7493 ( @entity7493 ) predicted by Schofield's equations to actual @entity7493 , as determined by daily indirect calorimetry measurements in critically ill @entity1 during the first 7 days following admission. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit, high and medium care wards, in a university hospital. @entity1 : Forty-six mechanically ventilated and spontaneously breathing @entity1 and @entity1 (0-18 yrs) who were admitted with @entity295 or following major @entity1625 . INTERVENTIONS: Daily indirect calorimetry measurements and assessment of energy balance. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Energy balance studies were performed for a total of 298 admission days in 13 @entity295 , 27 surgery, and 6 @entity130 @entity1 . Indirect calorimetry measurements were performed on 89% of the days. Mean measured @entity7493 was 44.6 +/- 15 kcal/kg.d and equaled predicted @entity7493 (44.2 +/- 12 kcal/kg.d; p = .56). Measured @entity7493 did not change over time, neither overall nor in diagnostic subgroups. Overall, median (range) administered energy was 31.1 (0-119) kcal/kg.d, which was significantly lower than measured @entity7493 (p < .001) and predicted @entity7493 (p < .001). @entity1 were underfed on 60% of days and overfed on 28% of days. Administered energy rose significantly in the course of admission, independently of diagnostic category, and did not differ from prescribed energy (p = .42). Energy intake was significantly higher in @entity295 @entity1 than in surgery and @entity130 @entity1 during the whole course of the study (p < .01). The cumulative energy balance was positive only in @entity295 @entity1 . The administration of parenteral feeding was the single significant factor determining energy intake in mixed-effect modeling. CONCLUSIONS: Measured @entity7493 was stable and not significantly different from predicted values over the course of hospitalization. Underfeeding was frequently present and mainly due to prescription and administration of energy amounts inferior to measured @entity7493 values in enterally fed @entity1 .

title: Energy expenditure and balance following pediatric intensive care unit admission: a longitudinal study of critically ill XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['energy expenditure', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal or thoracic surgery or trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: It is well established that social recognition memory is mediated, in part, by @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ). @entity1831 cells within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ) send @entity1831 -ergic projections to the @entity5381 ( @entity5381 ). We have demonstrated that @entity1420 treatment decreases @entity1831 immunoreactivity within the BST, the @entity10036 and the @entity5381 , and that @entity1420 treatment impairs social recognition. These data suggested that @entity1420 may impair social recognition memory by decreasing @entity1831 . In the present experiment, we hypothesized that infusions of @entity1831 into the @entity5381 would rescue the @entity1420 -induced @entity73 within adult male @entity35 . One week after adult male @entity35 underwent cannula surgery, they were given systemic injections of either a physiological dose of @entity1420 or oil control for 3 days. Four hours after the last injection, we tested social recognition memory using the social discrimination paradigm, a two-trial test that is based on the natural propensity for @entity35 to be highly motivated to investigate novel conspecifics. Immediately after the first exposure to a juvenile, each animal received bilateral infusions of either @entity1831 or artificial cerebrospinal fluid into the @entity5381 . Our results show that, as expected, control animals exhibited normal social discrimination. In corroboration with our previous results, animals given @entity1420 have impaired social discrimination. Interestingly, animals treated with @entity1420 and @entity1831 exhibited normal social discrimination, suggesting that @entity1831 treatment rescued the @entity73 caused by @entity1420 . These data also further support a role for @entity1420 in modulating vasopressin-dependent behavior within the male brain.

title: Vasopressin infusion into the @entity5381 of adult male XXXX rescues @entity1420 -induced @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in social recognition']

entities_list: @entity5381 :: ('MESH:D061270', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'lateral septum']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['medial amygdala', 'MeA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study we analyzed embolization and stent-graft results. METHODS: Demographics, indications, procedures, and outcomes of @entity1 treated with embolization or stent grafting for late @entity86 after major abdominal surgery were retrospectively recorded. Outcomes were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2008, 14 consecutive @entity1 (11 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , mean age 64 years) were treated for @entity548 responsible for shock in 6 @entity1 (43%), occurring after pancreaticoduodenectomy (n=13) or subtotal gastrectomy (n=1). Mean onset occurred at 23 days postoperatively (range 7-75 days). Bleeding site included: the stump of the gastroduodenal artery (n=10), splenic artery (n=2), common hepatic artery (n=1), and right gastric artery (n=1). Initial success was obtained in 13 @entity1 (93%); the only failure of stent-graft deployment required re-laparotomy. Treatment included embolization in 8 @entity1 and stent grafting in 5 @entity1 . In the embolization group, 5 complications (62%) occurred: 4 rebleeding and 1 gastric perforation, compared with no early complications in the stent-graft group. One @entity1 died in each group. The mean follow-up was 25 months (range 6-57 months). CONCLUSIONS: Stent grafting seems to provide definitive hemostasis and fewer complications compared with embolization.

title: Endovascular management of severe XXXX after major abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: The x-ray structure of @entity526 HPr has been redetermined at 2.0-A resolution. In contrast to the previous study (El-Kabbani, O. A. L., Waygood, E. B., and Delbaere, L. T. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 12926-12929), the overall structure is, in general, similar to other reported NMR and x-ray HPr structures, although there are some important differences in detail. The overall folding topology of HPr is a classical open-faced beta-sandwich, consisting of four antiparallel beta-strands and three alpha-helices. The least square refinement produced an R index of 0.135 for all measured unique data between 8.0 and 2.0 A resolution. The active center consists of His15 which is @entity3884 bonded to a @entity597 anion, and @entity534 17 which has a fully open conformation. This corresponds to the first observed "semi-closed" conformation of the active center of HPr. The @entity797 @entity2383 (Jia, Z., Vandonselaar, M., Quail, J. W., and Delbaere, L. T. J. (1993) Nature 361, 94-97) has the "open" conformation in which the side chains of His15 and @entity534 17 are directed as far away from each other as possible. The @entity3881 HPr (Herzberg, O., Reddy, P., Sutrina, S., Saier, M. H., Jr., Reizer, J., and Kapadia, G. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 2499-2503) has the "closed" conformation in which the side chains of His15 and @entity534 17 are close together with a @entity597 anion located in the active center. The open conformation represents the unphosphorylated form of HPr whereas the closed conformation likely resembles the phosphorylated form of HPr. The semi-closed conformation observed in the @entity526 @entity2383 could represent a structural intermediate on the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation pathway of HPr.

title: The 2.0-A resolution structure of XXXX histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein HPr. A redetermination.

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['HPr structure']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The cell-cell signaling process called quorum sensing allows bacteria to control behaviors in response to changes in population density. In @entity11784 , the master quorum-sensing transcription factor LuxR is a member of the TetR family of transcription factors that both activates and represses genes to coordinate group behaviors, including bioluminescence. Here, we show that @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is a key co-activator of the luxCDABE bioluminescence genes that is required together with LuxR for precise timing and expression levels of bioluminescence during quorum sensing. @entity2132 binds to multiple sites in the luxCDABE promoter and bends the DNA in vitro. @entity2132 and LuxR synergistically bind luxCDABE promoter DNA at overlapping, essential binding sites that are required for maximal gene expression in vivo. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that @entity2132 regulates 300 genes in @entity11784 , and among these are a core set of 19 genes that are also directly bound and regulated by LuxR. We validated these global analyses by demonstrating that both @entity2132 and LuxR are required for transcriptional activation of the osmotic stress response genes betIBA-proXWV. These data suggest that @entity2132 plays an integral role in one mechanism of transcriptional activation by the LuxR-type family of quorum-sensing regulators in vibrios. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Integration Host Factor and LuxR synergistically bind DNA to co-activate quorum-sensing genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11784 :: ('669', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio harveyi', 'V. harveyi']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['IHF', 'integration host factor']

answer: @entity11784 :: (669,Species) :: ['Vibrio harveyi']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Studies in xenograft models and experimental models of @entity3 have implicated several beta3 integrin-expressing cell populations, including endothelium, platelets and osteoclasts, in @entity0 progression. Since orthotopic @entity1 xenograft models of @entity0 are poorly metastatic to bone and experimental models bypass the formation of a @entity5 , however, the precise contribution of @entity5 -specific alphavbeta3 to the spontaneous @entity3 of @entity0 from the mammary gland to bone remains unclear. METHODS: We used a syngeneic orthotopic model of spontaneous @entity0 @entity3 to test whether exogenous expression of alphavbeta3 in a @entity189 line (66cl4) that metastasizes to the lung, but not to bone, was sufficient to promote its spontaneous @entity3 to bone from the mammary gland. The @entity5 burden in the spine and the lung following inoculation of alphavbeta3-expressing 66cl4 (66cl4beta3) @entity5 cells or control 66cl4pBabe into the mammary gland was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. The ability of these cells to grow and form @entity690 in bone was determined by histology and @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase staining of bone sections following intratibial injection of @entity5 cells. The adhesive, migratory and invasive properties of 66cl4pBabe and 66cl4beta3 cells were evaluated in standard in vitro assays. RESULTS: The 66cl4beta3 @entity5 showed a 20-fold increase in metastatic burden in the spine compared with 66cl4pBabe. A similar trend in lung @entity3 was observed. alphavbeta3 did not increase the proliferation of 66cl4 cells in vitro or in the mammary gland in vivo. Similarly, alphavbeta3 is not required for the proliferation of 66cl4 cells in bone as both 66cl4pBabe and 66cl4beta3 proliferated to the same extent when injected directly into the tibia. 66cl4beta3 @entity5 growth in the tibia, however, increased osteoclast recruitment and bone resorption compared with 66cl4 @entity5 . Moreover, alphavbeta3 increased 66cl4 @entity5 cell adhesion and alphavbeta3-dependent haptotactic migration towards bone matrix proteins, as well as their chemotactic response to bone-derived soluble factors in vitro. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate for the first time that @entity5 -specific alphavbeta3 contributes to spontaneous @entity3 of @entity0 to bone and suggest a critical role for this receptor in mediating chemotactic and haptotactic migration towards bone factors.

title: Tumor-specific expression of alphavbeta3 integrin promotes spontaneous @entity3 of XXXX to bone.

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: 100 years after the first description, @entity195 is one of the most disabling and burdensome health conditions worldwide. We used the Delphi consensus method to determine @entity303 prevalence for each world region. METHODS: 12 international experts were provided with a systematic review of published studies on @entity303 and were asked to provide prevalence estimates for every WHO world region, for @entity1 and @entity1 combined, in 5-year age bands from 60 to 84 years, and for those aged 85 years and older. UN population estimates and projections were used to estimate numbers of @entity1 with @entity303 in 2001, 2020, and 2040. We estimated incidence rates from prevalence, remission, and mortality. FINDINGS: Evidence from well-planned, representative epidemiological surveys is scarce in many regions. We estimate that 24.3 million @entity1 have @entity303 today, with 4.6 million new cases of @entity303 every year (one new case every 7 seconds). The number of @entity1 affected will double every 20 years to 81.1 million by 2040. Most @entity1 with @entity303 live in developing countries (60% in 2001, rising to 71% by 2040). Rates of increase are not uniform; numbers in developed countries are forecast to increase by 100% between 2001 and 2040, but by more than 300% in India, China, and their south Asian and western Pacific neighbours. INTERPRETATION: We believe that the detailed estimates in this paper constitute the best currently available basis for policymaking, planning, and allocation of health and welfare resources.

title: Global prevalence of XXXX : a Delphi consensus study.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: A nationwide investigation of @entity600 and @entity74 in Korea was conducted by analyzing Medical Insurance data for @entity1 aged under 1 year. Medical Insurance data were obtained for 1993 and 1994 and the ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) code was used to classify the diseases. The coverage rate of medical insurance was approximately 95% of the total population. Anomalies of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal systems, in descending order of frequency, were more frequent than anomalies in other systems. The average prevalence of @entity854 for 1993 and 1994 was 15 per 1000 @entity1 , and @entity1757 , with an average prevalence of about 3.50 per 1000 for 1993 and 1994, was the most frequent @entity854 in @entity1 . Polydactyly was the most frequent @entity853 , with an average prevalence, for 1993 and 1994, of about 1.20 per 1000 @entity1 . @entity10413 had the highest frequency of @entity3002 . @entity2202 was the most common of the @entity344 . The prevalence of the @entity600 and @entity74 examined was similar to that reported in other countries. Total medical expenses for the care of @entity1 with each disease entity were also estimated. The highest medical expenses were incurred for @entity1757 , @entity3459 factor VIII disorders, @entity118 , @entity215 , in descending order of magnitude. This investigation could be helpful in planning social welfare systems, as well as for elucidating the current status of @entity600 and @entity74 in Korea, and in other Asian countries.

title: Prevalence of @entity600 and XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2202 :: ('MESH:D046248', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot, and spinal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['nervous system anomalies']

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['Anencephaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['congenital coagulation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular anomalies', 'cardiovascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic diseases']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 aged 19-62 years were treated for tibial nonunions (22 @entity3202 , three @entity1184 ) with @entity604 (1-23 cm, mean 6.2 cm) by the Ilizarov technique and fixator. Thirteen had @entity6275 , 19 had a limb-length discrepancy (2-11 cm), 12 had a bony defect (1-16 cm), and 13 had a @entity85 . Six had a @entity79 with no @entity3207 , 13 had @entity3207 with no defect, and six had both a @entity79 and @entity3207 . Nonunion, @entity79 , limb @entity3207 , and @entity85 can all be addressed simultaneously with the Ilizarov apparatus. Bone defects were closed from within without bone grafts by the Ilizarov bone transport technique of sliding a bone fragment internally, producing distraction osteogenesis behind it until the defect is bridged (internal lengthening). Length was reestablished by distraction of a percutaneous corticotomy or through compression and subsequent distraction of the @entity1516 site (external lengthening). Distraction osteogenesis resulting from both processes obviated the need for a bone graft in every case. Deformity was corrected by means of hinges on the apparatus. Infection was treated by radical resection of the necrotic bone and internal lengthening to regenerate the excised bone. Union was achieved in all cases. The mean time to union was 13.6 months, but it was only 10.6 months if the time taken for unsuccessful compression-distraction of the nonunion is eliminated from the calculation. The bone results were excellent in 18 cases, good in five, and fair in two based on union in all cases, persistent @entity281 in three, @entity85 in four, and limb @entity3207 in one. The functional results were excellent in 16 cases, good in seven, fair in one, and poor in one based on return to work and daily activities in all cases, limp in four cases, @entity5110 in five cases, @entity3986 in four cases, @entity158 in four cases, and voluntary amputation for @entity158 in one case.

title: Ilizarov treatment of tibial nonunions with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity5110 :: ('MESH:D004863', 'Disease') :: ['equinus deformity']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects', 'bone defect']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'neurogenic pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Fasting for 24 hours improves functional recovery and reduces injury due to global @entity63 and reperfusion. Since fasting affects @entity2922 kinetics, and @entity1063 (NE) release has been implicated as a mediator of @entity943 and injury with @entity741 , we hypothesized that fasting would limit NE release following @entity63 and reperfusion as a mechanism of its beneficial effects. METHODS: Hearts were isolated and perfused from @entity35 either fed normally or fasted for 24 hours. Following baseline perfusion, hearts were subjected to 20 minutes of @entity63 followed by reperfusion. Hemodynamics (developed and end-diastolic pressure) and @entity943 were monitored, and @entity908 kinase release on reperfusion was measured as a marker of cellular injury. NE tissue content was assessed prior to @entity63 and NE release was measured upon reperfusion with and without blockade of the uptake1 carrier using @entity5829 . RESULTS: The release of NE was reduced by fasting (0.52+/-0.14 vs. 1.47+/-0.15 nmol/gdw, p<0.001) associated with a reduction in @entity943 , lower @entity908 kinase release, and lower end-diastolic pressure on reperfusion. However, fasting did not reduce NE tissue stores prior to @entity63 . @entity5829 also reduced NE release on reperfusion and limited the frequency of @entity943 , but did not alter @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: Fasting limits NE release after @entity63 and reperfusion, an effect not due to lower NE stores. Lower NE release, either by fasting or blockade of the uptake1, carrier, significantly reduces the frequency of @entity943 . However, the amount of NE release, per se, does not alter @entity63 , suggesting that the @entity1188 limiting effect of fasting is not mediated by lower NE release.

title: Fasting limits XXXX release with @entity741 and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine', 'Desipramine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is at present no reliable method for long-term treatment of severe @entity158 following complications of total hip arthroplasty. We explored the long-term use of continuous intrathecal opioid/ @entity1341 analgesia in a case not amendable to corrective surgery. METHODS: A 77-year-old @entity1 , having a total hip arthroplasty, developed @entity9 located at the ventral and dorsal aspects of the left hip. Radiographs showed a mandarine-sized intrapelvic mass of bone cement adhering to the roof of the acetabular cup. Further surgery had been declined by the surgeon and by the @entity1 . An 18-gauge Portex intrathecal catheter was inserted, and an intrathecal infusion of 4.75 mg/mL @entity1341 and 0.015 mg/mL @entity4783 was started from a portable Pharmacia-Deltec (St. Paul, Minnesota) pump. RESULTS: The mean daily doses during the treatment period (more than 6 years up to now) were 37 mg for @entity1341 and 0.114 mg for @entity4783 . The intrathecal treatment gave the @entity1 85-100% @entity158 relief. The @entity1 could transport herself in a wheelchair, was able to perform her own hygiene, receive visits, read, watch television, and also shop and visit restaurants. There has been no need to replace the intrathecal catheter. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal infusion of opioid/ @entity1341 can provide satisfactory long-term analgesia in @entity1 with @entity158 from the hip joint.

title: Six years of continuous intrathecal infusion of opioid and XXXX in the treatment of @entity158 due to intrapelvic extrusion of bone cement after total hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'refractory pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['refractory nociceptive-neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of cystoscopy and the clinical value of bladder biopsy in @entity1 with @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study carried out in a tertiary referral urogynaecology unit in London. Consecutive @entity1 with @entity2182 resistant to pharmacotherapy who underwent cystoscopy, hydrodistention and bladder biopsy were studied. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) of cystoscopy as well as histological findings for @entity2335 were evaluated. RESULTS: 106 @entity1 aged 22-91 years were studied. Histopathology showed @entity2335 in 94 @entity1 , @entity2335 3, acute and @entity2335 in 6 and no abnormality in 1 @entity1 . Trabeculations and increased vascularity were the most common cystoscopic findings, seen in 71% and 72% of @entity1 respectively. @entity548 on first filling and @entity548 on refilling had specificities of 86.6% and 80% respectively for @entity2335 . Their sensitivities were 9.8% and 13.1% respectively. Trabeculations and increased vascularity had sensitivities of 68.1% and 68.1% and their specificities were 11.6% and 4.5% respectively. Trabeculations, increased vascularity, @entity548 on first filling and @entity548 on refilling all had a @entity2286 over 80% for @entity2335 . CONCLUSIONS: More than 90% of @entity1 with @entity2182 have @entity2335 on histopathology. Cystoscopy alone is useful, but not always adequate to diagnose @entity2335 . Antibiotic therapy in those @entity1 might be beneficial before starting anticholinergics. Larger randomised controlled trials are mandatory to confirm our hypothesis.

title: The importance of cystoscopy and bladder biopsy in @entity1 with XXXX : the urogynaecologist's point of view?

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhages', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['refractory overactive bladder', 'refractory OAB symptoms', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['follicular cystitis', 'chronic cystitis in 2, transitional cell carcinoma', 'chronic cystitis']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['refractory overactive bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the surgical results of one-stage total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) and reconstruction via a single posterior approach for thoracic symptomatic @entity2695 associated with @entity602 and evaluate its curative effect. METHODS: A total of 9 @entity1 treated with one-stage TES (7 cases) and total vertebrectomy (2 cases) by posterior approach from March 2006 to January 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The cases included 2 males and 7 females with a median age of 33.6 years (range 14 to 77 years), and with 1 case of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 3 cases of Grade C, 2 cases of Grade D according to Frankel grade system. All @entity1 suffered from moderate to severe @entity158 and @entity51 with an average symptom duration of 14.4 months (range 3 - 24 months) MRI revealed severe @entity1745 . The spinal reconstruction was obtained by @entity702 mesh filled with autograft and posterior internal fixation with rod-screw system. RESULTS: The operation time was 210 minutes on average (180 - 270 minutes) and the average @entity190 was 1800 ml (1000 - 5000 ml). The follow-up period lasted from 18 months to 5 years. All cases with preoperative @entity158 relieved after operation. The visual analogue scale @entity158 scores decreased to 1.1 from 8.3 at 3 months after surgery. No disruption of dural mater, @entity5173 , iatrogenic @entity1566 and major @entity16 occurred. Up to now, there was no local recurrence in all cases. Significant neurological function improvement was achieved in all @entity1 with one to three grades in Frankel grade system. Fusion of the autograft was well achieved and no internal fixation failure in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: One-stage TES and spine reconstruction by a single posterior approach is feasible, safe and effective to this disease. It is favourable in decreasing the @entity2695 recurrence and improvement of the neurological function.

title: [One-stage total en bloc spondylectomy and reconstruction via a single posterior approach for thoracic vertebral symptomatic @entity2695 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'vertebral hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['vessel damage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord dysfunction']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 , who had previously taken part in a 2 wk cross-over comparison between @entity6410 and @entity3045 , now took part in a one year double-blind study comparing @entity3045 200 micrograms b.i.d. with @entity6410 12 micrograms b.i.d. Additional doses were taken when needed and were recorded. Ten @entity1 were started on @entity6410 and eight on @entity3045 . After one month, the @entity1 were allowed to shift to the alternative drug. Two @entity1 withdrew from the study. At the end of the study, 13 of 16 @entity1 were on @entity6410 , thus showing a long-lasting preference for this drug. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) dose-response curves for inhaled @entity3045 were repeatedly recorded during the study, and no tachyphylaxis was found. One @entity1 stopped taking inhaled @entity230 but continued taking @entity6410 and @entity2544 . He deteriorated with a decreased response to @entity3045 . After re-introduction of inhaled @entity230 his condition improved. This case indicates that effective bronchodilator therapy may mask the deterioration of @entity565 .

title: Inhaled @entity6410 during one year in @entity565 : a comparison with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: There is a growing interest in @entity922 ( @entity922 ) as a central workforce development (WFD) strategy. This paper provides a definition of and rationale for @entity922 , characterises its various forms, identifies selection and training issues, and advises on policy and implementation issues central to redressing shortcomings in supervision practice within the @entity167 @entity734 ( @entity734 ) field. Relevant selective literature is reviewed. Key conceptual issues were identified, and strategies developed to address implementation barriers and facilitate relevant policy. There is a common conceptual confusion between administrative supervision and @entity922 . Clarification of the role, function and implementation of @entity922 is required. Priority issues for the @entity734 field include: enhancing belief in @entity922 ; ensuring adequate resource allocation; developing evaluation protocols; and addressing specific arrangements under which supervision should occur. @entity922 has been underutilised to date but holds considerable potential as a WFD strategy. It is fundamental to workers' professional development, can contribute to worker satisfaction and retention, and may improve client outcomes. @entity3124 are to establish the generalisability to the @entity734 field of the benefits observed from @entity922 in other disciplines, and evaluate longer-term gains of @entity922 programs.

title: Clinical supervision in the @entity167 XXXX field: an imperative or an option?

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critical next steps']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['and other drugs', 'AOD']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical Supervision', 'CS']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['and other drugs']


abstract: Circadian rhythms are driven by biological clocks and are endogenous in origin. Therefore, circadian changes in the metabolism or secretion of endogenous glucocorticoids are certainly responsible in part for the time-dependent changes observed in the inflammatory response and @entity625 . More recently, @entity2493 (MLT), another circadian hormone that is the secretory product of the pineal gland, has been found implicated in the time-dependent inflammatory reaction with effects opposite those of @entity701 . Interestingly, @entity701 and MLT show an opposite response to the light. The light conditions in the early morning have a strong impact on the morning @entity701 peak, whereas MLT is synthesized in a strictly nocturnal pattern. Recently, a diurnal rhythmicity in healthy @entity1 between cellular ( @entity1198 type) or humoral (Th2 type) immune responses has been found and related to immunomodulatory actions of @entity701 and MLT. The @entity688 ratio peaked during the early morning and correlated negatively with plasma @entity701 and positively with plasma MLT. Accordingly, the intensity of the @entity158 varies consistently as a function of the hour of the day: @entity158 is greater after waking up in the morning than in the afternoon or evening. The reduced @entity701 and adrenal @entity342 secretion, observed during testing in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 not treated with glucocoticoids, should be clearly considered as a "relative @entity1887 " in the presence of a sustained inflammatory process, and allows @entity1198 type cytokines to be produced in higher amounts during the late night. In conclusion, the right timing (early morning) for the glucocorticoid therapy in @entity625 is fundamental and well justified by the circadian rhythms of the inflammatory mechanisms.

title: Circadian rhythms: glucocorticoids and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'arthritic pain']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity688 :: ('3586', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma/interleukin (IL)-10']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the partners' perceptions, understanding, and personal experiences of @entity7793 and menopausal therapy in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: A questionnaire study was completed by 50 partners of @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity0 , recruited via outpatient clinics and the community. Descriptive statistics and    tests were applied. RESULTS: Most (68%) of the partners perceived hot flushes as the meaning of menopause. Most (60%) partners perceived that loss of sexuality was the key problem/fears about being menopausal. Partners perceived that exercise (72%) and reducing stress (64%) were most effective in alleviating symptoms of menopause. Most partners reported that they did not understand the risks/benefits of hormone therapy (50%), bioidentical hormones (90%), and herbal therapies (84%). The general practitioner was considered the best source of information on menopause (68%). Partners expected menopause to affect a @entity1 's everyday life and relationships with family and partner and, particularly, to cause intermittent stress on the relationship (66%) and to decrease libido or sexual interest (64%). Forty-four percent of partners reported that there was some difficulty in communication/discussion about menopause with family and partners. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study highlights (1) the lack of understanding of menopause and menopausal therapies that partners of @entity1 with @entity0 have, (2) the personal experience of having a female partner with @entity0 , and (3) the partners' attitudes and responses toward menopause in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: XXXX and menopause: partners' perceptions and personal experiences--a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: The accuracy of clinical diagnosis and @entity400 ( @entity400 ) was evaluated in a total of 495 @entity1 of whom 183 were operated upon within 6 months after @entity400 and 312 were not. Operated @entity1 were divided into three subgroups with high, moderate or low suspicion of @entity5 on clinical grounds. Histological examination revealed an overall malignant @entity5 rate of 23%. The rate, i.e. the positive predictive value, was 74% for the subgroup with high clinical suspicion, vs 14% and 10% respectively for the subgroups with moderate and low clinical suspicion. The sensitivity of a high clinical suspicion was 60% and the specificity 93%. The overall sensitivity of @entity400 was 93% in the operated group and probably not less than 87% in all @entity1 studied; specificity was 71% and 84% respectively for these groups. The overall positive predictive value of a positive cytology result (malignant or uncertain) was 48%. In the subgroups with moderate or low clinical suspicion which are more representative of a non-university setting, the average predictive value was 27%. In our opinion all @entity1 in the group with high clinical suspicion need surgical treatment, regardless of the @entity400 result; those with lower degrees of clinical suspicion and malignant or uncertain @entity400 result should also undergo diagnostic surgical exploration.

title: [The value of cytological studies in nodular goiter: results in 495 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Development of an index of myocardial contractility that is both load independent and easily quantified in vivo has been a difficult task. Recently, three measures of contractile state have been advocated that appear to fulfill these requirements: the end-systolic pressure-length relationship (ESPLR), the ESPLR area, and regional preload recruitable @entity64 work (PRSW). Because the effects of @entity1508 and @entity5161 on these indices of contractility have yet to be studied, the purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of these volatile anesthetics on contractile function as evaluated via these techniques in chronically instrumented @entity235 . Because autonomic nervous system tone substantially influences systemic hemodynamics in vivo, experiments were performed in the presence of pharmacologic blockade of the autonomic nervous system. Four groups comprised the 36 experiments that were performed with nine @entity235 . Following inhalational induction, the @entity235 were maintained on 1.5 MAC and 2 MAC of @entity1508 or @entity5161 . Pressure-length loops were generated after 1 h of equilibration using preload reduction via partial @entity432 or afterload augmentation by a @entity2647 infusion. The PRSW and ESPLR were then calculated, respectively. Slope and length intercept variables obtained from the ESPLR failed to significantly change from control with increasing levels of anesthetic depth despite substantial decreases in other indices of contractility. However, combination of slope and length intercept parameters into the ESPLR area model proved to be a sensitive and easily calculable measure of depressed myocardial function. Similarly, regional PRSW slope precisely reflected changes in contractile state when @entity1508 (62 +/- 10 for control to 30 +/- 6 erg.cm-2.10(-3).mm-1 at 2 MAC) or @entity5161 (83 +/- 14 for control to 55 +/- 8 erg.cm-2.10(-3).mm-1 at 2 MAC) were administered. The PRSW slope also demonstrated a significant difference in depressed contractility when equianesthetic concentrations of @entity1508 and @entity5161 were compared (63 +/- 7% of control with @entity1508 versus 86 +/- 4% of control with @entity5161 at 1.5 MAC; 50 +/- 5% of control with @entity1508 versus 70 +/- 6% of control with @entity5161 at 2 MAC). The ESPLR area also accurately demonstrated the differential @entity308 in contractile function suggested by recent in vitro studies when equianesthetic doses of @entity1508 and @entity5161 were compared in vivo. Therefore, while ESPLR slope and length intercept variables fail as indices of myocardial contractility, ESPLR area and regional PRSW slope were shown to be useful indicators of contractile state in the conscious and anesthetized @entity235 .

title: Comparison of end-systolic pressure-length relations and preload recruitable @entity64 work as indices of myocardial contractility in the conscious and anesthetized, chronically instrumented XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena caval occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity1 target of @entity3446 complex 1 and 2 ( @entity15084 ) are overactive in @entity14 ; however, the first generation of @entity3470 inhibitors such as @entity3446 have failed to show clinical benefits in treating @entity14 in part due to their effects only on @entity13407 . The second generation of @entity3470 inhibitors such as @entity47057 targets @entity3470 kinase; thus, they are capable of inhibiting both @entity13407 and @entity15025 . To examine the therapeutic potential of the @entity3470 kinase inhibitors, we treated a panel of @entity14 cell lines with @entity47057 . Western blotting showed that the @entity47057 inhibition of @entity15025 -mediated @entity584 phosphorylation at Ser 473 ( @entity584 (S473)) was transient only in the first few hours of the @entity47057 treatment. Receptor @entity669 kinase arrays further revealed that @entity47057 treatment increased the phosphorylated @entity470 ( @entity470 ) at Tyr 1068 ( @entity470 (T1068)). The parallel increase of @entity584 (S473) and @entity470 (T1068) in the cells following @entity47057 treatment raised the possibility that @entity470 phosphorylation might contribute to the @entity47057 incomplete inhibition of @entity15025 . To test this notion, we showed that the combination of @entity47057 with @entity3866 , an @entity470 small molecule inhibitor, blocked both @entity13407 and @entity15025 kinase activity. In addition, we showed that the combination treatment inhibited colony formation, blocked cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death. A systemic administration of @entity47057 and @entity3866 resulted in the progression suppression of @entity14 xenografts in @entity19 . This study suggests that the combination of @entity3470 kinase and @entity470 inhibitors may provide an effective treatment of @entity14 .

title: Combination of @entity3470 and XXXX kinase inhibitors blocks @entity13407 and @entity15025 kinase activity and suppresses the progression of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review trends in deliberate self @entity4968 and self injury (attempted suicide) over 15 years (1976-90) on the basis of general hospital referrals. DESIGN: Prospective data collection by computerised monitoring system. SETTING: Teaching general hospital. SUBJECTS: All @entity1 aged 15 and over (n = 9605) referred to the hospital after episodes (n = 13,340) of deliberate self @entity4968 or self injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates based on population of Oxford city; changes in substances used for self @entity4968 ; history and repetition of attempts; and rates of admission to the hospital and of referral to the @entity146 service. RESULTS: Attempted suicide rates for @entity1 declined during the late 1970s and early 1980s but increased again during the late 1980s. Those for @entity1 remained relatively steady throughout the period. Highest mean annual rates occurred in @entity1 aged 15-19 (711/100,000) and in 20-34 year old @entity1 (334/100,000). The proportion of @entity1445 with @entity1443 increased from 14.3% (125/873) in 1976 to 42% (365/869) in 1990 (chi 2 for trend = 481, p less than 0.01). Throughout the period the proportions of referred @entity1 admitted to hospital and of those attempting suicide for the first time (over two thirds) did not decrease. Annual rates of repetition of attempts by @entity1 declined from 15.1% (257/1700) in 1976-8 to 11.9% (161/1356) in 1987-9 (chi 2 for trend = 7.8, p less than 0.01). Lower repetition rates occurred in @entity1 admitted to hospital and referred to the @entity146 service (431/4585, 9.4%) than in those not referred (42/235, 17.9%; chi 2 = 17.2, p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Rates of attempted suicide declined in the 1970s and early 1980s, in @entity1 , but there are probably at least 100,000 hospital referrals a year in England and Wales because of this problem. Prevention of @entity1443 self @entity4968 requires urgent attention, and psychosocial assessment should be conducted with as many of those who attempt suicide as possible.

title: Trends in deliberate self XXXX and self injury in Oxford, 1976-90.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: @entity3361 after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is relatively rare, but when it occurs, it is fatal. In cases of @entity1457 just after surgery, @entity3361 should be suspected, and immediate diagnosis by coronary angiography is necessary. We conducted a study to assess the clinical characteristics of @entity3361 after CABG and the usefulness of intra-coronary and intra-graft administration of @entity7976 . Study subjects were 7 @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , mean age 60.4 years) in whom @entity3361 after CABG was diagnosed angiographically from January 1992 to December 2003. Off-pump CABG (OPCAB) had been performed in 2 @entity1 . Despite continuous administration of @entity1242 and @entity3988 during surgery, sudden @entity1457 occurred during surgery or within 24 hours after CABG in all 7 @entity1 . All required mechanical circulatory support, and emergency coronary angiography revealed severe graft and native @entity3361 . Intracoronary and/or intra-graft administration of @entity3988 or @entity1242 was not very effective, however, administration of @entity7976 was effective for vasodilatation. One @entity1 suffered @entity75 and died, but the other 6 @entity1 recovered and were discharged without complication. In conclusion, intra-coronary and/or intra-graft administration of @entity7976 appears to be useful for the treatment of @entity3361 after CABG.

title: [Effects of intra-coronary and intra-graft administration of XXXX for @entity3361 after coronary artery bypass grafting].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary spasms', 'Coronary artery spasm', 'coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil']

answer: @entity7976 :: (MESH:D020108,Chemical) :: ['nicorandil']


abstract: To date, there is little data in the literature describing the @entity148 and @entity308 iatrogenic to @entity288 . These disorders are common, underestimated, with potentially serious consequences that may jeopardize the @entity1 's prognosis; their management is not consensual. OBJECTIVES: The objective of our work is to determine the prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 induced by @entity288 , assessing their accountability to the @entity288 and studying their risk factors. METHODS: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study over 12months evaluating the prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity1 followed for chronic @entity272 treated with prolonged corticosteroid-therapy. Our @entity1 were assessed using standardized instruments: the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: Of 54  @entity1 included, our study showed a high prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 estimated at 27%. These disorders were divided into @entity308 in 16% of cases, and @entity148 in 11% of cases. The early onset of these disorders was found during the first weeks of treatment. According to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), @entity308 was moderate in 67% of cases; severe with suicide attempts in 22% of cases, and mild in 11% of cases. According to the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), @entity148 was mild in 33% of cases and moderate in 67% of cases. The disorders observed were mainly distributed into: 33% deep pemphigus, 27% lupus, 13% bullous pemphigoid and 13% @entity6017 . In this study the statistically significant risk factors are dose of @entity288 and personal @entity146 history of the @entity1 ; in addition, there is a high prevalence of disorders in @entity1 whose age exceeds 40  years, female gender, and @entity1 treated for deep pemphigus. The evolution after pharmacological treatment and supportive psychotherapy was favorable in most @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The @entity146 examination prior to prescription of long-term corticosteroid-therapy use should be standard practice to identify @entity1 at risk, discuss the treatment modalities, and provide comprehensive care.

title: [Prolonged corticosteroid-therapy and XXXX , longitudinal study over 12 months].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['anxiety-depressive disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 is the most common surgical emergency. @entity166 are uncommon but carry significant morbidity especially in @entity532 . This study aimed to determine predictive factors of @entity86 in adults with @entity532 . METHOD: Retrospective review of clinical records from CDARS of Hong Kong Hospital Authority was performed in all @entity1 aged 18 or above, operated with the diagnosis of @entity698 , @entity697 with generalized @entity298 or peritoneal abscess from January 2003 to December 2005 in a regional hospital. Primary end point was @entity86 , including wound @entity281 and @entity6177 ( @entity6177 ). Independent predictors were determined by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: One seventy-three @entity1 were operated with the diagnosis of @entity532 . @entity86 occurred in 40 @entity1 (23.1%). Thirty-two @entity1 had wound @entity281 and 10 @entity1 had @entity6177 . Two @entity1 had both @entity166 . There were 2 deaths. @entity6 was the only significant factor associated with @entity6177 in univariate analysis (odds ratio, 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-25.9). No independent factors can be identified in multivariate analysis. Successful laparoscopic appendicectomy was the only independent negative risk factor of wound @entity281 in logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic appendicectomy is the first choice of procedure in @entity532 . @entity1 with @entity6 need close monitoring of @entity86 .

title: Risk factors of XXXX in adults with @entity532 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['gangrenous appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['PIAA', 'postoperative intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'Postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications', 'Infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infections']


abstract: We evaluated the effect of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and intraportal infusion chemotherapy (IPI) for liver @entity3 of @entity14 . Since 1980, 89 @entity1 with @entity14 showed liver @entity3 . Seven of these cases had undergone curative resection of @entity694 and hepatectomy (5 cases with @entity99 ). Eleven cases had undergone @entity694 resection and @entity99 . Among the former, 3 cases with @entity99 are alive, and the postoperative survival rate after 2 years improved among the latter. Curative removal was carried out in 567 @entity1 in the same period. Recurrence of liver @entity3 was observed in 30 cases, in 13 cases of which hepatectomy with @entity99 was performed, with @entity99 only in another 9 cases. The three-year survival rate among the former was 41.1% and the one-year survival rate of the latter was 16.2%. From 1986 to 1988, we performed IPI in 24 cases of @entity14 to prevent liver @entity3 . They had undergone curative resection. Recurrence of liver @entity3 was observed in one case (4.2%), which was less than in the control group (9.3%). It is concluded that @entity99 and IPI are effective treatment for liver @entity3 in @entity14 .

title: [Efficacy of hepatic arterial and intraportal infusion chemotherapy for liver @entity3 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HAI', 'hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlations between clinical symptoms and treatment efficacy in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Four hundred and thirteen @entity1 were included in the clinical trial from 9 clinical centers. They were randomly divided into Western medicine-treated group with 204 cases and Chinese herbal drug-treated group with 209 cases. Eighteen clinical symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment. The Western medicine therapy included voltaren extended release tablets, @entity1499 and @entity3378 . The Chinese herbal drug therapy included glucosidorum Tripterygii totorum tablets and Yishen Juanbi Tablets combined with treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) was used as efficacy evaluation criteria. RESULTS: In the Chinese herbal drug-treated group, clinical symptoms such as @entity4841 and @entity2720 were positively correlated with the efficacy after 12-week treatment, while frequent urination at night was negatively correlated. In the same group, @entity221 were positively correlated with the efficacy after 24-week treatment, while deep-colored and turbid urine was negatively correlated. In the Western medicine-treated group, @entity2720 and thirst were positively correlated with the efficacy after 12-week treatment, while vertigo was negatively correlated. And in the same group, @entity2720 was positively correlated with the efficacy after 24-week treatment, while heaviness of limbs was negatively correlated to the efficacy. The statistical results showed that the treatment efficacy was improved when the correlated symptoms were included in the indications. CONCLUSION: The treatment efficacy of @entity309 is correlated with some symptoms, so further studies should proceed on these correlations in order to achieve better treatment outcome.

title: [Correlations of clinical symptoms and treatment efficacy in XXXX with @entity309 treated with Chinese herbal drugs or Western medicine].

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness of joints']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness of joints and fever']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity5 are rare in the pediatric age. Among them, the pattern of @entity3554 represents a peculiar diagnostic challenge since neuroradiological features may be subtle and cerebrospinal fluid analysis may not be informative. Clinical misdiagnosis of @entity3554 with @entity1906 has been described in few pediatric cases, leading to a significant delay in appropriate management of @entity1 . We describe the case of a @entity1 with primary @entity320 ( @entity320 ) that was initially misdiagnosed with @entity1906 . We review the clinical and molecular aspects of @entity320 and discuss on clinical and diagnostic implications. CASE PRESENTATION: A 27-month-old @entity1 with a 1-week history of @entity391 with mild intermittent strabismus underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging, showing diffuse brainstem and spinal leptomeningeal enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. Antitubercular treatment was started without any improvement. A spinal intradural biopsy was suggestive for primary @entity3554 . Chemotherapy was started, but general clinical conditions progressively worsened and @entity1 died 11  months after diagnosis. Molecular investigations were performed post-mortem on @entity5 tissue and revealed absence of @entity817 ( @entity8554 ), @entity10158 (Q209) and @entity10159 (Q209) mutations but the presence of a @entity8497 ( @entity34502 ) mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Our case adds some information to the limited experience of the literature, confirming the presence of the @entity8497 ( @entity34502 ) mutation in @entity1 with melanomatosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of @entity3554 ( @entity3554 ) without associated @entity272 to harbor this mutation. Isolated @entity3554 presentation might be insidious, mimicking @entity1906 , and should be suspected if no definite diagnosis is possible or if antitubercular treatment does not result in dramatic clinical improvement. Leptomeningeal biopsy should be considered, not only to confirm diagnosis of @entity3554 but also to study molecular profile. Further molecular profiling and preclinical models will be pivotal in testing combination of target therapy to treat this challenging disease.

title: XXXX ( @entity34502 ) mutated primary @entity320 in a @entity1 : case presentation and discussion on clinical and diagnostic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child', 'children', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'melanocytic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity34502 :: ('p|SUB|Q|61|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q61K']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal melanoma', 'LMM']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['LMN', 'leptomeningeal melanomatosis', 'neoplastic meningitis', 'leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms']

answer: @entity8497 :: (4893,Gene) :: ['NRAS']


abstract: Three types of @entity1960 are now recognized. In the late 1950's and early 1960's, 51 per cent of our @entity1 having colectomy had classic chronic @entity31 . Of our @entity1 operated on at that time, 39 per cent had @entity30 and 10 per cent had @entity1960 of indeterminate @entity164 . These three types of @entity1960 should be differentiated because of the high risk of @entity694 in @entity1 with long-standing chronic @entity31 . We have not seen an increased risk of @entity189 associated with @entity30 . We performed resection with @entity254 in approximately one third of @entity1 with @entity30 , but recurrent disease developed in two thirds. In contrast, recurrent @entity30 developed in only 5.7 per cent of @entity1 having colectomy with ileostomy. Toxic megacolon associated with @entity30 has been seen only in the early clinical stage of the disease. From the standpoint of management and prognosis, attempts to differentiate between the two major types of @entity1960 are appropriate. We have outlined some of the basic clinical and pathologic differences between these two types of @entity1960 .

title: XXXX or @entity30 . Is differentiation necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the colon']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's colitis", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity1 with functional @entity344 often demonstrate abnormal visceral sensation. Currently, rectal sensation is assessed by @entity661 or barostat. However, neither test is adaptable for use in the neurophysiological characterization of visceral afferent pathways by sensory evoked potentials. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility and quality of sensation evoked by @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) and @entity661 ( @entity661 ) in the anorectum and to apply the optimum stimulus to examine the visceral afferent pathway with rectal evoked potentials. Healthy subjects (n = 8, median age 33 yr) were studied on three separate occasions. Variability, tolerance, and stimulus characteristics were assessed with each technique. Overall @entity8425 consistently invoked @entity158 and was chosen for measuring rectal evoked potential whereas @entity661 in all cases induced the strong urge to defecate. Rectal intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for @entity8425 and @entity661 (0.82 and 0.72, respectively) demonstrated good reproducibility at @entity158 /maximum tolerated volume but not at sensory threshold. Only sphincter ICC for @entity8425 at @entity158 showed acceptable between-study reproducibility (ICC 0.79). Within studies ICC was good (>0.6) for anorectal @entity8425 and @entity661 at both levels of sensation. All subjects reported significantly more unpleasantness during @entity661 than @entity8425 (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates that @entity8425 and @entity661 are similarly reproducible. However, the sensations experienced with each technique differed markedly, probably reflecting differences in peripheral and/or central processing of the sensory input. This is of relevance in interpreting findings of neuroimaging studies of anorectal sensation and may provide insight into the physiological characteristics of visceral afferent pathways in health and disease.

title: Neurophysiological evaluation of healthy XXXX anorectal sensation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['electrical stimulation', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['manual balloon distension', 'RBD', 'rapid balloon distension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Intraperitoneal injection of cell wall fragments from @entity6329 (ATCC 11578) induces an acute and a chronic @entity625 of the distal joints of LEW/N female @entity35 . Histopathological changes in four distal joints and hematologic changes were analyzed on days 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 59. All joints were scored for changes in @entity32 , @entity2070 , cartilage and bone. The acute inflammatory response consisted of fluid exudate, fibrin, neutrophils and some macrophages concentrated along the periosteum of the longer bones. The disease progressed with synovial fibroblast proliferation and infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. On day 10, cartilage changes were associated with @entity2070 formation and subchondral @entity82 . Both localized bone resorption and periosteal new bone formation were features of the chronic phase. Lymphocytes were elevated above normal (p < 0.05) on day 3, 10, 20, 30 and 40; returning to the normal range on day 50 and 59. Neutrophils were elevated on days 10, 20, 30, 40 and 59. @entity6329 -induced @entity625 in Lewis @entity35 appears to be a fibroblast-, macrophage-mediated disease with a prominent lymphoid component.

title: Pathogenesis of @entity6329 @entity6329 -induced @entity625 in Lewis XXXX : 1. Time related changes in histopathological scores and hematology.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Previously, we showed that antenatal micronutrient supplementation increases birth weight in a malnourished rural South Asian setting, but the long-term effects are unknown. Between 1999 and 2001, pregnant @entity1 were sector-randomized to receive from early pregnancy through 3 mo postpartum daily micronutrient supplements containing either @entity904 alone as the control or with @entity1501 ; @entity1501 + @entity68 ; @entity1501 + @entity68 + @entity219 ; or a multiple micronutrient supplement that included the above nutrients plus 11 others. From 2006 to 2008, 3524 @entity1 (93% of surviving @entity1 ) were revisited between the ages of 6 and 8 y. Blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin, @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity413 , insulin, and the urinary microalbumin: @entity1011 ratio were assessed among @entity1 . Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and @entity209 was defined using a modified National @entity165 Education Program definition. None of the micronutrient supplement combinations affected blood pressure, @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity413 , insulin, or HOMA. There was a reduced risk of microalbuminuria (> or =3.40 mg/mmol @entity1011 ) in the @entity1501 [odds ratio (OR), 0.56; 95%CI, 0.33-0.93; P = 0.02) and @entity1501 + @entity68 + @entity219 (OR, 0.53; CI, 0.32-0.89; P = 0.02) groups and a reduced risk of @entity209 in the @entity1501 group (OR, 0.63; CI, 0.41-0.97; P = 0.03). Maternal supplementation with @entity1501 or @entity1501 + @entity68 + @entity219 reduced the risk of @entity8 and, to some extent, @entity209 among @entity1 at 6-8 y of age. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients had no such affect. Future follow-up studies are needed to examine long-term supplementation effects on risk of @entity102 in adults.

title: Antenatal micronutrient supplementation reduces @entity209 in 6- to 8-year-old XXXX in rural Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity2462 was confirmed clinically and serologically in a 14-year-old @entity1 who had been admitted with mild general symptoms and an exanthematous @entity1910 presenting with medium size maculae. Within only three days the @entity1910 had faded. Five days later the @entity1 again became ill with high fever (40 degrees C) and renewed erythema with at first irregular then rosette-like and widely confluent spots. On admission several nonspecific inflammatory signs were markedly elevated (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity1851 , alpha-globulin). There were mild abnormalities of left-ventricular repolarization at the electrocardiography. The skin changes were progressive and at first interpreted as erythema exudativum multiforme. Fever persisted, despite antibiotic treatment, and signs of @entity2640 appeared. After the diagnosis of @entity6715 was made high-dosage @entity617 administration was begun (initially 3 mg/kg in 6 hours, then 2.5 mg/kg daily for 8 days). The @entity1 's condition and the electrocardiographic findings returned to normal within 2 days. The @entity2640 was @entity1167 within a few hours and the blisters dried out within 24 hours. There were no complications. Since no drugs were given before the second day of @entity2640 being noted, it is highly likely that @entity2462 precipitated @entity6715 .

title: [Toxic @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ["non-staphylogenic Lyell's disease", "Lyell's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['rash', 'exanthema']

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['epidermolysis']

entities_list: @entity2462 :: ('MESH:D012409', 'Disease') :: ['Rubella', 'rubella']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensified insulin therapy requires outstanding compliance but no measure of therapy adherence has been agreed upon. The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that treatment adherence, as described by a novel multiple regression model, relates to glycosylated haemoglobin and hypoglycaemia frequency in type 1 @entity6 . Furthermore, we sought to analyse the complex diurnal patterns of therapy adherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (20 females and 10 males), treated with intensified insulin therapy, were studied in a retrospective manner. @entity1 were trained to follow treatment algorithms for adjusting regular insulin dosage which took into account the actual blood @entity413 , food intake and the time of the day. By means of multiple linear regression analysis, with regular insulin dosage as the dependent variable, blood @entity413 and food intake as the independent variables, the insulin treatment algorithms actually used by the individual @entity1 were retrieved. The correlation between prescribed and implemented insulin therapy served as a measure of adherence. Metabolic control was assessed by glycosylated haemoglobin and hypoglycaemia frequency. RESULTS: Median glycosylated haemoglobin was 7.7% (range: 6.3-10.8); median monthly hypoglycaemia frequency was 3.8 (range: 0-9.8). @entity1 with good metabolic control (glycosylated haemoglobin < 7.7 and/or hypoglycaemia frequency < 3.8 per month) adhered to prescribed insulin dosing algorithms more frequently than those with poor metabolic control. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 on intensified therapy a positive relationship between adherence to the therapy prescribed and metabolic control exists.

title: Evaluation of treatment adherence in type 1 XXXX : a novel approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']