abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that angiographically complex coronary stenoses are associated with an adverse short-term outcome. It is not known, however, if this applies to unstable @entity951 @entity1 who stabilize on medical therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively studied 85 consecutive @entity1 with unstable @entity951 who stabilized on medical therapy but were found to require angioplasty for treatment of obstructive @entity301 . Angiography was carried out at admission, and @entity1 were restudied 8 +/- 4 months (mean +/- SD) after the first angiogram. @entity63 -related stenoses were identified and classified as "complex" (irregular borders, overhanging edges, or @entity715 ) or "smooth" (absence of complex features). @entity850 progression (> or = 20% diameter reduction or new total occlusion) was assessed by automated edge detection. At initial angiography, there were 198 stenoses (> or = 50%, 102), of which 85 (54 complex and 31 smooth) were @entity63 related. At restudy, 21 @entity63 -related stenoses and 8 non- @entity63 -related stenoses progressed (25% versus 7%, P = .001). Seventeen of the 21 @entity63 -related stenoses that progressed developed into total occlusion compared with 3 of the 8 non- @entity63 -related stenoses (P = .02). Changes in average @entity850 severity and in absolute @entity850 diameter were significantly larger in @entity63 -related stenoses than in non- @entity63 -related stenoses (P = .03). Eighteen (34%) complex stenoses progressed, compared with 3 (10%) smooth lesions (P = .02). During follow-up, 1 @entity1 died ( @entity583 ) and 25 @entity1 had nonfatal coronary events that were associated with progression of @entity63 -related stenoses in 14 (56%). CONCLUSIONS: In unstable @entity951 @entity1 who stabilize medically, subsequent short-term @entity850 progression and coronary events are common. The unstable coronary lesion (particularly complex stenoses) is often not stabilized and will continue to progress over the ensuing months.

title: Angiographic @entity850 progression and coronary events in @entity1 with 'stabilized' unstable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Severe @entity779 virus (DENV)-associated diseases can occur in @entity1 who have pre-existing DENV antibodies (Abs) through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of @entity281 . It is well established that during ADE, DENV-antibody immune complexes (ICs) infect Fcy receptor-bearing cells, and increase the systemic viral burden that can be measured in the blood. For protection against DENV serotype 1-4 @entity281 , strongly neutralizing Abs must be elicited to overcome the effect of ADE. Clinical observations in @entity1 who have maternal DENV Abs or recent Phase II/III clinical trials with a leading tetravalent @entity779 vaccine suggested a lack of correlation between Abs neutralization and in vivo disease prevention. In addressing this gap in knowledge, we found that inoculation of ICs formed with serotype cross-reactive Abs that are more than 98% neutralized in vitro promote high mortality in AG129 @entity19 even though peak @entity646 was @entity778 . This suggests that serum @entity646 level is not always associated with disease severity. We further demonstrated that @entity281 with the ICs resulted in increased vascular permeability specifically in the small intestine (S. intestine) accompanied with the increased tissue viral load and cytokine production, which can be suppressed by anti- @entity637 Abs. Flow cytometric analysis identified increased @entity281 in @entity3804 (int) @entity11805 (int/hi)CD103(-) antigen-presenting cells by ICs inoculation, suggesting that these infected cells may be responsible for the increase in @entity637 production and vascular permeability in S. intestine that lead to mortality in the @entity19 . Our finding may have important implications for @entity779 therapeutics development. IMPORTANCE: We examined the relationship between neutralizing level of Ab at the time of @entity281 and subsequent disease progression in a @entity19 model in order to understand why the @entity1 who are suggested to have a neutralizing quantity of Abs still allow sufficient DENV replication to induce severe @entity779 manifestations, which sometime does not correlate with @entity646 level. Strikingly, we found that high mortality was induced in AG129 @entity19 by the increase in @entity637 -induced vascular permeability accompanied with increased viral load specifically in small intestine, even when initial @entity281 level is suppressed to less than 5% and the peak @entity646 level is not enhanced. This suggests that the ADE overcomes the protective efficacy of Abs in a tissue-dependent manner that leads to severe small intestinal pathology. Our finding may serve to address the pathogenic role of Abs on severe @entity66 and also help to develop safe Ab-based therapeutic strategies.

title: XXXX with highly-neutralizing levels of cross-reactive antibodies cause acute lethal small intestinal pathology without high level of @entity646 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['lower than direct virus infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dengue disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['Dengue virus infection']


abstract: Airline cabin attendants are exposed to several potential occupational hazards, including cosmic radiation. Little is known about the mortality pattern and @entity5 risk of these @entity1 . The authors conducted a historical cohort study among cabin attendants who had been employed by two German airlines in 1953 or later. Mortality follow-up was completed through December 31, 1997. The authors computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for specific causes of death using German population rates. The effect of duration of employment was evaluated with Poisson regression. The cohort included 16,014 @entity1 and 4,537 @entity1 (approximately 250,000 @entity1 -years of follow-up). Among @entity1 , the total number of @entity204 (n = 141) was lower than expected ( @entity5047 = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67, 0.94). The @entity5047 for all @entity5 (n = 44) was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.17), and the @entity5047 for @entity0 (n = 19) was 1.28 (95% CI: 0.72, 2.20). The @entity5047 did not increase with duration of employment. Among @entity1 , 170 @entity204 were observed ( @entity5047 = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.28). The @entity5047 for all @entity5 (n = 21) was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.41, 1.18). The authors found a high number of @entity204 from @entity791 ( @entity5047 = 40; 95% CI: 28.9, 55.8) and from aircraft accidents among the @entity1 . In this cohort, ionizing radiation probably contributed less to the small excess in @entity0 mortality than reproductive risk factors. Occupational causes seem not to contribute strongly to the mortality of airline cabin attendants.

title: Mortality from XXXX and other causes among airline cabin attendants in Germany, 1960-1997.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1370 of @entity4447 ( @entity4448 ) limits its clinical application in @entity5 treatment. Evidences suggest that sorbus has antioxidant activity and its consumption has been linked with improved cardioprotection. In this study, we investigated the cardio-protective effect and mechanisms of Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hante) Hedl. @entity3088 (SPF) against @entity4448 in BALB/c @entity19 and H9c2 cells. Eleven major @entity3088 were confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). SPF recovered the @entity4448 -induced disordered electrocardiogram (ECG) and abnormal cardiac structure in the heart of @entity19 . At the same time, SPF significantly reduced levels of @entity908 kinase (CK), @entity908 kinase-MB (CK-MB) @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) against @entity4448 -induced injury and inhibited @entity4448 -induced apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, SPF regulated @entity4448 -induced oxidative stress damage by increasing the levels of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity6172 -Px) in vivo and in vitro, and reducing reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Analysis of the oxidative stress pathways showed that SPF prevented the @entity4448 -induced downregulation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) in vivo and in vitro. Pre-treatment of H9c2 cells with SPF inhibited attenuation of nuclear factor ( @entity10182 ) and heme oxygenase (HO-1). Hence, SPF could be used as a preventive and therapeutic plant ingredient against @entity4448 -induced @entity1370 .

title: Effect and mechanism of Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hante) Hedl. XXXX protect against @entity4447 -induced @entity1370 .

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diurnal fluctuation of intraocular pressure may be relevant in @entity726 . The aim of this study was to find out whether the timing of diurnal fluctuation is stable over the years. METHODS: Long-term IOP data from the @entity726 Registry, consisting of several annual extended diurnal IOP profiles for each @entity1 , was retrospectively analyzed. Normal subjects, @entity1 with @entity2790 and with @entity1480 were included because these subjects had not been treated with antiglaucomatous medications at the time of data acquisition. A cosine curve was fitted to the IOP data and the stability of individual rhythms over the years was tested using the Rayleigh test. To compare the peak times among groups, means were calculated only from subjects with a significant Rayleigh test. RESULTS: Of the fifty-two eligible subjects, a total of 364 extended diurnal IOP profiles measured in a sitting position had been collected over a period of 114        39  months. The Rayleigh test indicated intraindividual stability of phase timing only in 19 subjects (36%). In subjects with @entity1480 , peak IOP occurred on average two hours and seven minutes later during the day compared with subjects without this condition (p   =   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fitting of cosine curves to the clinical IOP profiles was generally feasible, although careful interpretation is warranted due to lack of measurements in supine position and between midnight and 7  am. The interesting observation of a phase lag in eyes with @entity1480 warrants confirmation and exploration in future prospective studies. The analysis of the IOP data showed no stable individual rhythm in the long term in a majority of @entity1 .

title: Longitudinal stability of the diurnal rhythm of intraocular pressure in subjects with healthy eyes, @entity2790 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Erlangen Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['pigment dispersion syndrome', 'pigment dispersions syndrome']

answer: @entity1480 :: (MESH:C563184,Disease) :: ['pigment dispersion syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between myocardial mechanics and the extent of @entity1184 and @entity82 in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). Forty-five consecutive @entity1 with @entity1121 and 15 subjects without structural @entity299 were included. Cardiac magnetic resonance with late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) imaging was performed to evaluate biventricular function, LV mass index and presence/extent of LGE, expression of replacement @entity82 . Myocardial T1 relaxation, a surrogate of @entity82 , was measured from Look-Locker sequence. Feature-tracking analysis was applied to LV basal, mid and apical short-axis images to assess systolic and diastolic global LV circumferential strain (CS) and strain rate ( @entity9362 ). Peak systolic CS and @entity9362 were significantly higher among @entity1121 @entity1 as compared to control subjects (p  =  0.015 and p  =  0.007, respectively). The ratio of peak @entity9362 during early filling to peak systolic @entity9362 was significantly lower among @entity1121 @entity1 (p  =  0.002). At multivariate linear regression analysis, LV mass index (p  <  0.001) and   %LV LGE (p  =  0.011) were significantly and independently related to peak systolic CS; LV mass index (p  <  0.001) and   %LV LGE (p  =  0.023) were significantly and independently related to peak systolic @entity9362 ;   %LV LGE (p  =  0.021) and T1 ratio (p  =  0.006) were significantly and independently related to the ratio of peak @entity9362 during early filling to peak systolic @entity9362 . LV systolic mechanics are enhanced and LV diastolic mechanics are impaired in @entity1121 . Extent of @entity1184 and replacement @entity82 influence the LV systolic mechanics while extent of replacement @entity82 and @entity82 influence the LV diastolic mechanics.

title: Systolic and diastolic myocardial mechanics in XXXX and their link to the extent of @entity1184 , replacement @entity82 and @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Sugarcane is a monocot plant that accumulates @entity969 to levels of up to 50% of dry weight in the stalk. The mechanisms that are involved in @entity969 accumulation in sugarcane are not well understood, and little is known with regard to factors that control the extent of @entity969 storage in the stalks. @entity858 - @entity413 pyrophosphorylase (UGPase; EC 2.7.7.9) is an enzyme that produces @entity858 - @entity413 , a key precursor for @entity969 metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis. The objective of this work was to gain insights into the ScUGPase-1 expression pattern and regulatory mechanisms that control protein activity. ScUGPase-1 expression was negatively correlated with the @entity969 content in the internodes during development, and only slight differences in the expression patterns were observed between two cultivars that differ in @entity969 content. The intracellular localization of ScUGPase-1 indicated partial membrane association of this soluble protein in both the leaves and internodes. Using a phospho-specific antibody, we observed that ScUGPase-1 was phosphorylated in vivo at the Ser-419 site in the soluble and membrane fractions from the leaves but not from the internodes. The purified recombinant enzyme was kinetically characterized in the direction of @entity858 - @entity413 formation, and the enzyme activity was affected by redox modification. Preincubation with @entity274 strongly inhibited this activity, which could be reversed by DTT. Small angle x-ray scattering analysis indicated that the dimer interface is located at the C terminus and provided the first structural model of the dimer of sugarcane UGPase in solution.

title: Oligomerization, Membrane Association, and in Vivo Phosphorylation of Sugarcane XXXX - @entity413 Pyrophosphorylase.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity858 :: (MESH:D014530,Chemical) :: ['UDP']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to perform a 20-year @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) observational evaluation for an assessment of any manifestations of @entity792 or the appearance of autoantibodies in serum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 1,888 @entity1 (902 @entity1 and 986 @entity1 ) were observed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 34.1   12.4  years at the start of the prospective observation after finishing @entity6542 . New incidences of @entity792 and/or the presence of autoantibodies in serum were monitored. The @entity6542 group was compared with control groups consisting of @entity56 @entity1 who had very received @entity6542 and with non- @entity56 subjects. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the @entity792 prevalence between the @entity56 @entity1 with or without @entity6542 . However, significantly higher prevalence of four different @entity792 ( @entity792 ) were observed in the non- @entity56 @entity1 during the same period. Additionally, the incidence of 8 different autoantibodies was significantly higher in non- @entity56 @entity1 than in control subjects. @entity2621 was the most common @entity792 observed. CONCLUSION: The results of this long-term observational study indicated a lack of a significant prevalence of new instances of @entity792 during 20  years of observation post- @entity6542 and at a rate lower than that of non- @entity56 control subjects, suggesting that @entity6542 is safe in this regard in the long term.

title: The relationship between XXXX and specific immunotherapy for @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'post-specific immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['AID', 'autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 undergoing chronic hemodialysis using tunneled cuffed catheters (TCCs) are at increased risk of metastatic infections, namely @entity884 and spondydodiscitis, and mortality is high in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features, causative organisms, its susceptibility and outcomes in @entity1 hospitalized with these infections from a single center. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 with @entity8214 and @entity884 and/or @entity1512 treated at the authors' institution between 2005 and 2011 were selected retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 7 cases of @entity884 and 7 cases of @entity1512 were diagnosed. Concurrent @entity281 was present in 1 @entity1 . The mean age was 63.4 years, 53.8% were male, 23% had @entity6 and 31% had previous immunosuppression. The average time on hemodialysis was 24 months. Those @entity1 with @entity884 presented with fever, and 43% had previous @entity340 ; mitral valve involvement was the most common. Early surgery was performed in 2 @entity1 .Concerning @entity1512 , the median time from first symptom to diagnosis was 48 days. The first manifestation was @entity615 in 86% percent of @entity1 , and 71% had an epidural or paraspinous abscess demonstrated by neuroimaging. One @entity1 underwent surgical drainage of the abscess. Regarding both infections, @entity794 was the most common causative agent with a lower rate of negative blood cultures. All @entity1 received intravenous antibiotics for a mean duration of six weeks. The mortality rate was 46%. CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion is critical in the early recognition and management of both of these infections.

title: @entity884 and XXXX associated with tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheters: hospitalizations with poor outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['spondylodiscitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the age at onset of @entity4457 , the response to occlusion therapy, and the association with @entity74 in @entity1 with @entity1736 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 seen at Seattle @entity1 's Hospital with moderate or severe @entity3065 . Assessments were longitudinal visual acuity development using objective methods, definition of @entity1736 severity by eyelid margin to pupillary light reflex distance ( @entity3067 [ @entity3067 ]), age at @entity4457 diagnosis, correlation between @entity4457 and @entity3067 , and associated @entity74 . RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity3065 met inclusion criteria; the mean longitudinal follow-up was 49.1  months. Fifteen (18%) of these @entity1 had @entity4457 , of which 9 had @entity4457 (mean age 17.3  months      11.2) and 6 had anisometropic or strabismic @entity4457 (mean age 60  months      11.8). Eleven (73%) of the @entity1 with @entity4457 were successfully treated with occlusion therapy. Amblyopia was not correlated with @entity3067 . A @entity74 was identified in 29 (35%) of the @entity1 , the most common being genetic, chromosomal, or neurologic conditions. @entity1 with @entity74 and @entity245 have significantly lower visual acuity bilaterally compared with @entity1 without @entity74 (P   <=  .003). CONCLUSIONS: Using longitudinal and objective visual acuity assessments, the incidence of @entity4457 was 18% in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity3065 . @entity227 was the predominant risk factor that was reliably distinguished by its earlier onset in young @entity1 . The best indicator of @entity4457 in @entity1 is visual acuity rather than @entity3067 measurements. @entity74 are frequent in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity3065 .

title: @entity1736 : onset and prevalence of @entity4457 , associations with XXXX , and treatment outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual deprivation']

entities_list: @entity3065 :: ('MESH:C566737', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ptosis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic disorders', 'systemic disorder', 'systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['margin reflex distance', 'MRD']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['ptosis', 'congenital eyelid ptosis']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation amblyopia', 'amblyopia']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['systemic disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the histopathology of, surgery for, and prognosis (survival rate, local recurrence rate, @entity3 rate, function) of @entity5426 ( @entity5426 ). METHODS: Seven @entity1 diagnosed as @entity5426 were received treatment in our department from May 2001 to May 2011. According Enneking staging, 3 @entity1 were classified as IIA, 3 for IIB, and 1 for III. Wide excision was performed in 3 @entity1 and amputation in 4 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 were followed up from 3 to 20 months. RESULTS: One @entity1 had local recurrence 3 months after wide excision. Five @entity1 had @entity3 at 4 to 20 months postoperatively. The cumulative survival rate at 0.5, 1 and 2 years postoperatively were 67%, 22% and 0. The function of 3 @entity1 after limb salvage operation was good in 2 cases and poor in 1 case. The @entity5 site, surgical staging, and safe margin were crucial factors affecting survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity5426 in deep soft tissue was poor. Customized, multimodality treatment and safe margin in operation may increase the survival rate as well as decrease recurrence and @entity3 .

title: [The clinical study of XXXX in deep soft tissue].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid angiosarcoma', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['epithelioid angiosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ligands are an imperative part of targeted drug delivery systems, and choosing a ligand with high affinity is a subject of considerable interest. In this study, we first synthesized a 12-residue peptide (TK) that interacts with integrin a6b1 overexpressed on @entity694 cells. The molecular binding affinity assay indicated that TK had a high binding affinity for integrin a6b1. The results of cellular and @entity5 spheroid uptake suggested that TK peptide not only increases Caco-2 cells uptake, but also effectively increases penetration of the @entity5 spheroids. TK-conjugated @entity59906 was synthesized to prepare a novel @entity59906 micelles loading @entity3105 or @entity1524 -6 (TK-MS/ @entity3105 or TK-MS/C6). The obtained TK-MS/ @entity3105 exhibited uniform, spherical shape with a size of 23.80        0.32   nm and zeta potential of 12.21        0.31 mV. The release behavior of @entity3105 from micelles were observed no significant changes after TK modification, however, the release profile exhibited pH-sensitive properties. Compared with MS/ @entity3105 , TK-MS/ @entity3105 exhibited significantly stronger @entity137 for Caco-2. Confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry data further indicated that the targeting micelles not only had higher uptake by Caco-2 cells, but also more effectively penetrated the @entity5 spheroids. Therefore, TK peptide appears to be suitable as a targeting ligand with potential applications in colonic targeted therapy.

title: A new peptide ligand for XXXX targeted delivery of micelles.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: This study reports the diagnostic activity for the serological diagnosis of @entity3001 ( @entity3001 ) in the @entity1 of Abruzzo, a central region of Italy. During the period from August 1994 to July 1999, serological examinations for anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies were performed on 1089 samples from 769 @entity1 with symptomatology consistent with @entity3001 . Using an immunoenzymatic technique which was confirmed with Western Blot, 29 @entity1 were diagnosed positive. Twenty-five of these @entity1 contracted the disease in Abruzzo, two during a trip to the USA, one was from Molise and one from Marche. Overall the @entity1 were young, 64_#x0025; were @entity1 and residents of costal areas who frequently engaged in naturalistic activities. The most common symptoms were articular and one @entity1 presented @entity751 . The various antibiotic therapies used gave good results in most cases. These are the first cases reported in literature for this region and for Molise. We believe that @entity3001 is underestimated, especially due to the favorable climatic and environmental conditions present in this region. Therefore, we suggest an intensification of clinical and epidemiological controls.

title: Survey of XXXX in Abruzzo (Italy).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['LD', 'Lyme Disease']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Bannwarth Syndrome']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme disease']


abstract: @entity7247 ( @entity25 ) is fatal, if untreated, and occurs in 36 African countries, south of the Sahara, where some 50 million @entity1 are at risk of acquiring @entity281 . In the absence of adequate control measures epidemics occur, which are costly and difficult to control. The history of @entity25 has been characterized by waves of epidemics, resurgences and outbreaks. Nevertheless, @entity25 has been brought practically under control in the early 1950s, in West and Central Africa, through systematic surveillance of the population at risk and in East Africa, mainly by vector control. Following the attainment of independence from colonial rule in subsequent years, failure by national health authorities to give due attention to @entity25 control, due to civil and political unrest, lack of adequate resources and competing national health priorities, has resulted in epidemics and the recrudescence of many old foci and the appearance of new ones. Thus, @entity25 is currently a major concern among many countries, particularly in East and Central Africa. During the past decade, progress has been achieved through research in the development of new tools for diagnosis, which are simple to use by national health personnel and for vector control, which can be used at the community level. @entity11747 , a new drug, has been registered for the treatment of gambiense @entity25 , and although it is expensive, it is relatively safe and provides an alternative therapy to the existing treatment, which may cause severe adverse effects. These tools have raised hopes for improved control, but their integration into health care systems, which could improve surveillance of the population at risk, has been slow. In view of the worsening economic situation of endemic countries, and the focus of attention and resources on the @entity791 pandemic, prospects of any significant improvement in the @entity25 situation would largely depend on the successful mobilization of external resources.

title: Current situation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['African trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping sickness']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['Eflornithine']

answer: @entity7247 :: (MESH:D014353,Disease) :: ['African trypanosomiasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To study the effect and its mechanism of recombinant @entity1 @entity12017 (rhBMP-7) on urethral keloid fibroblast. Methods: Urethral fibroblasts were extracted and cultured, and the fourth-generation fibroblasts were used for experiment. Urethral fibroblasts were treated with rhBMP-7. Proliferation rate was detected by CCK-8 method. RT-PCR was applied to test changes of mRNA in a smooth muscle actin ( @entity1970 ) and type     collagen protein (COL-1) of each group. Western blot was used to measure @entity1970 protein expression and the effect of rhBMP-7 on signaling pathway of urethral keloid fibroblasts. Results: With the increase of rhBMP-7 concentrations, the proliferation rate of urethral keloid fibroblast was generally decreased. Cells kept proliferating with time at the same concentration of rhBMP-7. mRNA level of COL-1 and @entity1970 in rhBMP-7-treated (>20 ng/ml) urethral keloid fibroblasts was greatly reduced with statistical significance (P<0.05) and dose dependency. It was found rhBMP-7 inhibited the overexpression of p-smad2/3 and @entity1970 mediated by @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signaling pathway. Conclusion: rhBMP-7 could adjust @entity2533 ) signaling pathway to inhibit gene expression of COL-1 and @entity1970 in urethral keloid fibroblast, which provided evidences for further animal experiments or clinical trials.

title: [Recombinant XXXX @entity12017 inhibits the proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion of fibroblast of urethral scars].

entities_list: @entity12017 :: ('655', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 7']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b(1', 'TGF-b(1)', 'transforming growth factor beta 1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Appearance of @entity579 grain is an important property, affecting its acceptance by consumers. Moreover, appearance is a complex characteristic involving many components, including glossiness and @entity62 . The genetic bases for the glossiness of cooked @entity579 and the @entity62 of polished @entity579 (WPR) were determined using 133 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two closely related cultivars from Hokkaido, Joiku462, with high glossiness and @entity62 , and Yukihikari, an ancestor of Joiku462 with low glossiness and @entity62 . Analyses identified 167 genome-wide InDel markers, five cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) and eight derived CAPS markers differentiating the parental lines. The glossiness area (GLA) and glossiness strength (GLS) of cooked @entity579 and WPR were determined for RILs in two locations, Pippu and Sapporo, Hokkaido. Four QTLs were detected. qGLA10 and qGLS9 were detected on chromosomes 10 and 9, respectively, with both being significant at both geographic locations. qWPR1 on chromosome 1 was significant at Pippu, and qWPR4 on chromosome 4 was significant at Sapporo. The Joiku462 alleles at all QTLs increased each trait. The PCR-based markers flanking these four QTLs may be useful for improvement of GLA, GLS and WPR.

title: Development of genome-wide PCR-based markers from insertion, deletion and single nucleotide polymorphisms for closely related Japanese rice cultivars and identification of QTLs for the appearance of cooked XXXX and polished @entity579 .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['whiteness']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: We studied a population-based sample of 232 first-onset cases of @entity161 aged 12 to 59 years at first admission retrospectively back to illness onset and prospectively up to 11.2 years later. We compared them with psychiatrically healthy age- and sex-matched population controls and equally matched first-admission @entity1 diagnosed with @entity308 . At @entity161 onset @entity1 are several years older than @entity1 . The social factors tested did not explain the finding. @entity1 's higher level of social development at onset is associated with a better medium-term functional and social outcome. @entity161 and @entity308 are equal in length and diagnostically distinguishable only after the onset of positive symptoms. The sex difference in age at onset, invariable across cultures and ethnicities, is explained by a protective effect of @entity2931 , which down-regulates D2 receptors. A higher genetic load antagonizes this effect. Long-term symptom-related illness course exhibits a plateau after three years, the positive symptom dimension after two years, the @entity308 and the negative dimensions do so after three to five years. The most prevalent symptom is @entity308 mood. Male first episodes are more frequent and more severe in the first half of life, female ones in the second half. Aetiological conclusions will be drawn.

title: What is @entity161 ? 25 years of research into XXXX - the Age Beginning Course Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Prodromal schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity25805 ( @entity25805 -A) is an inducer of endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, @entity4222 , and synthesis of inflammatory agents such as platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ). Recently, @entity41033 ( @entity41033 ) has been described as a coreceptor of @entity35872 which potentiates @entity25805 activity. However, the role of @entity41033 in numerous @entity25805 activities remains unclear. To assess the contribution of @entity41033 to @entity25805 mediated EC proliferation, @entity4222 , and @entity5567 synthesis, we used porcine aortic EC (PAEC) recombinantly expressing @entity37607 , @entity41033 , @entity35872 or @entity35872 and @entity41033 . Cells were stimulated with @entity25805 , which binds to @entity37607 , @entity35872 and @entity41033 , and @entity39634 , which binds to @entity35872 only. @entity25805 was 12.4-fold more potent than @entity39634 in inducing @entity35872 phosphorylation in PAEC- @entity35872 . @entity25805 and @entity39634 showed similar potency to mediate PAEC- @entity35872 proliferation, @entity4222 , and @entity5567 synthesis. On PAEC- @entity35872 / @entity41033 , @entity25805 was 28.6-fold more potent than @entity39634 in inducing @entity35872 phosphorylation and PAEC- @entity35872 / @entity41033 proliferation (1.3-fold), @entity4222 (1.7-fold), and @entity5567 synthesis (4.6-fold). These results suggest that cooperative binding of @entity25805 to @entity35872 and @entity41033 enhances @entity35872 phosphorylation and its biological activities. Similar results were obtained with @entity291 aortic EC that endogenously express both @entity35872 and @entity41033 receptors. In contrast, stimulation of PAEC- @entity37607 and PAEC- @entity41033 with @entity25805 or @entity39634 did not induce proliferation, @entity4222 , or @entity5567 synthesis. In conclusion, the presence of @entity41033 on EC preferentially increases @entity35872 activation by @entity25805 as well as @entity35872 -mediated biological activities, and may elicit novel intracellular events. On the other hand, @entity25805 and @entity39634 have equipotent biological activities on EC in absence of @entity41033 .

title: Relative effects of @entity25805 and XXXX on endothelial cell proliferation, @entity4222 and @entity5567 synthesis: Role of @entity41033 .

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity25805 :: ('281572(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF-A']

answer: @entity39634 :: (282122(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['VEGF-C']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: There is an urgent need to identify reliable biomarkers of @entity746 ( @entity746 ) progression for clinical practice and pharmacological trials. OBJECTIVES: To correlate several hematological markers evaluated at diagnosis with @entity746 outcome in a population-based series of @entity1 (discovery cohort) and replicate the findings in an independent validation cohort from an @entity746 tertiary center. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The discovery cohort included 712 @entity1 with @entity746 from the Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Register for Amyotrophic @entity4681 from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011. The validation cohort comprised 122 @entity1 with @entity746 at different stages of disease consecutively seen at an @entity746 tertiary center between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2009. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The following hematological factors were investigated and correlated with survival: total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, @entity413 , @entity1011 , @entity414 , @entity2313 , @entity648 , total @entity165 , @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity908 kinase, thyroid-stimulating hormones, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate; all analyses were performed separately by sex. The @entity1 of the validation cohort also underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis for the calculation of fat-free mass. RESULT: Of the 712 @entity1 in the examined period in Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta, 638 (89.6%) were included in the study. Only serum @entity2313 ( @entity1 :  <= 4.3 vs >4.3 mg/dL, P <   .001; @entity1 :  <= 4.3 vs >4.3 mg/dL, P <   .001) and @entity1011 levels ( @entity1 :  <= 0.82 vs >0.82 mg/dL, P =   .004; @entity1 :  <= 0.65 vs >0.05 mg/dL, P =   .004) and lymphocyte count ( @entity1 :  <= 1700 vs >1700/ L, P =   .04; @entity1 :  <= 1700 vs >1700/ L, P =   .02) were significantly associated with @entity746 outcome in both sexes with a dose-response effect (better survival with increasing levels). These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort. Multivariable analysis showed that serum @entity2313 ( @entity1 : hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05-1.90; P =   .02; @entity1 : HR, 1.73; 95 % CI, 1.35-2.39; P =   .001) and @entity1011 ( @entity1 : HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.11-1.95; P =   .007; @entity1 : HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.07-2.05; P =   .02) were independent predictors of survival in both sexes; no other hematological factor was retained in the model. In @entity1 with @entity746 , serum @entity2313 was correlated with markers of inflammatory state while serum @entity1011 was correlated with fat-free mass, which is a marker of muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In @entity746 , serum @entity2313 and @entity1011 are independent markers of outcome in both sexes. @entity1011 reflects the muscle waste whereas @entity2313 is connected with inflammatory state. Both @entity1011 and @entity2313 are reliable markers of the severity of clinical status in @entity1 with @entity746 and can be used in defining prognosis at the time of diagnosis.

title: @entity746 outcome measures and the role of @entity2313 and XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['Lateral Sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4726 and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are well known as @entity1613 of @entity356 . The present study evaluated the gastric mucosa for 10 years after @entity1534 eradication at five points of the stomach as recommended by the updated Sydney system to clarify the relationship between @entity1534 eradication and @entity356 prevention. METHODS: Among the comprised 373 @entity1 , 323 were @entity1534 -positive while 50 @entity1 were @entity1534 -negative. @entity1 with successful eradication underwent follow-up endoscopic examination every year. Biopsy specimens were taken from five points of the stomach, as recommended by the updated Sydney system, and were evaluated for the degree of @entity3621 prospectively. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-four out of the 323 @entity1534 -positive @entity1 successfully achieved eradication. Of the 197 @entity1 on whom five-point biopsy was performed, the courses of 30 @entity1 were able to be observed every year for 10 years after successful eradication. @entity32 , activity, and @entity194 score at all five points were significantly reduced half a year to 6 years after eradication. IM scores fluctuated intensely up and down during all observation periods; however, IM score of the lesser curvature of the corpus continued decreasing gradually and showed a significant decrease 6 years after (0.97    0.09 to 0.42    0.17, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In 10 years after @entity1534 eradication, @entity194 at all sites and IM in the lesser curvature of the corpus gradually and significantly decreased. These results suggest that the improvement of @entity356 and IM might have association with the reduction of @entity356 occurrence.

title: Ten-year prospective follow-up of histological changes at five points on the gastric mucosa as recommended by the updated Sydney system after XXXX eradication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric atrophy']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three variants of @entity1318 have been described using @entity2910 ( @entity2910 ). While manometrically distinct, their clinical significance has yet to be established. Our objective was to compare the outcome after myotomy in @entity1 with these @entity1318 subtypes. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify @entity1 with @entity1318 who had @entity2910 and who underwent Heller myotomy or Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Symptoms and esophageal clearance by timed barium study were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: We identified 49 @entity1 , 21 males and 28 females, with a median age of 52  years. The primary symptom in all @entity1 was @entity1282 , with a median duration of 4  years (range 4  months-50  years). By @entity2910 , ten @entity1 (20  %) were classified as Type I, 30 (61  %) as Type II, and 9 (18  %) as Type III. At a median follow-up of 16  months after myotomy (range 1-63  months), the median Eckardt score was zero and was similar across subtypes. Relief of @entity1282 was also similar across subtypes (80  % of Type I, 93  % of Type II and 89  % of Type III). On pre-treatment timed barium study, no @entity1 had complete emptying at 1 or 5  min. After myotomy, complete emptying occurred within 1  min in 50  % (20/40) and within 5  min in 60  % (24/40) and was similar across groups. CONCLUSION: Myotomy for @entity1318 results in excellent symptomatic outcome and improvement in esophageal clearance. There was no difference among the described @entity2910 @entity1318 variants. This calls into question the clinical utility of @entity1318 sub-classification and affirms the benefit of myotomy for this disease.

title: High resolution manometry sub-classification of XXXX : does it really matter? : Does @entity1318 sub-classification matter?

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['Achalasia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['HRM', 'high-resolution esophageal manometry']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['Achalasia']


abstract: Cartilage formation during both embryonic development and bone repairing processes involves mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation. Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling pathway inhibits early chondrogenesis and is down-regulated during @entity2533 ( @entity2533 )-induced chondrogenesis. However, the regulatory molecules that participate in the process is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms that down-regulate Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway during chondrogenesis. @entity2533 -induced micromass cultures of C3H10T1/2 were used as chondrocyte differentiation model. Gene expression profile was detected by realtime-PCR. Regulatory role of @entity17029 on @entity3546 was investigated by luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay and in vitro ubiquitination assay. In this study, we showed that @entity17029 was induced and suppressed @entity3546 gene expression through direct binding to its promoter. Besides, @entity17029 could also interact with deacetylate @entity3546 protein through its deacetylase domain, which causes degradation of @entity3546 . Our results indicate that @entity17029 plays an important role in chondrogenesis and may represent a therapeutic target for modulation of cartilage development.

title: XXXX promotes @entity2533 -mediated early chondrogenesis through down-regulating canonical Wnt signaling.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

answer: @entity17029 :: (3065,Gene) :: ['Histone deacetylase1']


abstract: Opioids are extremely effective in managing @entity5 , and now are utilized for longer periods of time in @entity5 @entity1 as the treatment for @entity5 has become more successful.[1] The goals in @entity5 treatment includes maintaining function in @entity1 with @entity5 (especially in earlier stage disease), and palliation in advanced disease.[1] The perception of the lay public and inexperienced clinicians that addiction is inevitable, often leads to an inappropriate fear to utilize opioids to appropriately manage @entity158 ; resulting in persistent under-treatment of @entity5 internationally.[23] There is much @entity911 about the phenomenon of physical dependence and how this can be differentiated from the maladaptive behaviors that constitute a diagnosis of @entity734 . The burden of @entity5 and associated @entity5 is projected to continue to rise, and is often at an advanced stage at diagnosis in less developed countries.[4] To be able to provide quality care for this @entity1 population availability of opioids and skilled clinicians in @entity158 management is paramount. In the majority of cases, the main concern is to abate concerns about risks of @entity4784 ; to allow adequate @entity158 relief. To understand the infrequent phenomenon of @entity734 in the setting of @entity5 management clear definitions are needed, and review of the epidemiology of occurrence in @entity5 populations is needed. It is also important to clearly separate the issues of @entity734 at the @entity1 level and diversion of prescribed opioids. There are principles of managing @entity5 in the rare clinical scenario when the risk of @entity734 is high, which can still allow safe management of @entity5 with opioids.

title: @entity158 and XXXX : Is it a Matter of Concern.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid addiction']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['Opioid Dependence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) is a quality indicator used to measure quality of care in the Netherlands. It is subject to much criticism, which was the reason to study the value of the SMR as a quality indicator for the treatment of @entity1778 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in @entity1 with @entity1778 admitted to a Santeon hospital during the period 2005-2009. SMR values were calculated and compared with the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: During the study period, 455 unique @entity1 were admitted with @entity1778 . SMR calculation was based on 992 admissions. SMR analysis yielded a high mortality ratio in hospital 1, 2, 3 and 4 in comparison with the national average (100), significant for hospital 1 and 4 (180 [CI 95% 126-257] and 187 [CI 95% 134-261], respectively) @entity1349 analysis also showed a significantly different outcome between hospitals. However, using @entity1349 as outcome parameter, hospital 2 and 6 showed the lowest performance as compared with hospital 1 and 4 using SMR as parameter. After multivariate analysis, age (HR 1.04; CI 95% 1.03-1.05; p < 0.001) and hospital (hospital 5 compared with 6: HR 0.54; CI 95% 0.30- .98; p = 0.043; hospital 2 compared with 1: HR 1.51; CI 95% 1.02-2.23; p = 0.039) were the only significant variables that influenced @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Outcome according to SMR is not equivalent to outcome according to @entity1349 . This study shows that the use of the SMR as a quality indicator for the treatment of @entity1778 does not appear to be justified.

title: The standardised mortality ratio: the proper quality indicator in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['overall survival', 'OS']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['acute leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this study was to establish the clinical importance of occult dural invasion--invasion of the dura mater or cavernous sinus that is not evident on imaging studies and is not obvious to the surgeon--as the basis of recurrent or persistent @entity5 and @entity2744 . METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the case files of @entity1 who underwent repeated transsphenoidal surgery for resection of an @entity4545 (ACTH)-producing @entity977 . @entity1 selection required the availability of operative and pathology reports from the initial and repeated transsphenoidal surgeries. Because no determination of the cause of persistent or recurrent disease could be made if the @entity5 could not be localized during the repeated surgery, a pathology report confirming the presence of @entity5 from the second surgery was also required. Sixty-eight @entity1 met these criteria. In 43 @entity1 (63%) an ACTH-producing @entity5 was identified at the initial surgery, in 25 @entity1 (37%) no @entity5 was found, and in three @entity1 (4%) dural invasion was noted at surgery. In 49 (72%) of the 68 @entity1 there was initial resolution of @entity699 and recurrent @entity4923 ( @entity4923 ), whereas in 19 @entity1 (28%) there was persistent @entity4923 after the initial surgery. At repeated surgery (44 +/- 35 months after the initial surgery) in all 43 @entity1 in whom @entity5 had been identified at the initial surgery, the @entity5 was found at the same site or contiguous to the same site. Dural invasion was noted by the surgeon in only three @entity1 at the original surgery, whereas dural invasion by an ACTH-producing @entity5 was identified during repeated surgery in 42 (62%) of the 68 @entity1 . In addition, 39 (93%) of the 42 invasive @entity652 were located laterally and involved the cavernous sinus. Adenomatous invasion of the dura mater was found in 31 (54%) of the 57 microadenomas and in all 11 macroadenomas at repeated surgery. The presence of @entity5 was not detected in 28 of the 59 @entity1 studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and in none of these 59 @entity1 was dural invasion evident on MR images. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent and persistent @entity4923 consistently results from @entity41 . At repeated surgery the @entity41 can be found at or immediately contiguous to the site at which the @entity5 was found originally. Unappreciated dural invasion with growth of @entity41 within the cavernous sinus dura, which frequently occurs without @entity41 or dural invasion being evident on MR images or to the surgeon during surgery, is the basis of surgical failure in many @entity1 with @entity4923 . Occult lateral dural invasion by @entity5 may also underlie recurrences of other types of @entity977 .

title: Basis of persistent and recurrent XXXX : an analysis of findings at repeated pituitary surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Cushing disease']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity4923 :: (MESH:D047748,Disease) :: ['Cushing disease']


abstract: @entity19272 is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, described for the first time by Shulman in 1974. The disease presents with induration of the skin, connective tissue and the underlying @entity121 , sometimes accompanied by @entity925 , most commonly in the lower extremities. Unlike @entity2631 , it presents with absence of visceral organ involvement and @entity2407 . @entity4754 and @entity1712 have been reported. @entity19272 is often associated with @entity1503 --there are reports of combinations with other @entity792 such as @entity785 , @entity1252 , @entity2621 , Sjogren syndrome, @entity1694 , etc. Occurrence of @entity2631 , in the course of eosinophil @entity9156 is considered a rarity. We have observed such a case with the simultaneous presence of both types of lesions. A 20-year-old female @entity1 is reported, wherein the clinical picture developed for 6 months. The initial erythematous @entity158 in both lower legs gradually swell, thicken and hyperpigment. Almost simultaneously with these complaints small brown livid body plaques emerged. The @entity1 was diagnosed based on history, clinical picture, peripheral @entity1712 and histological findings from the affected areas. There was no systemic involvement and accompanying @entity1503 . Therapeutic management and significant clinical improvement were achieved using systemic @entity228 therapy combined with @entity1499 .

title: Association of XXXX with @entity2631 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['morphea', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic or other disease', 'hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['Hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity19272 :: ('MESH:C562487', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['edema and subsequently the livedo-like painful plaques']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fascia']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity19272 :: (MESH:C562487,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic fasciitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic outcome after endovascular repair of iliac arterial lesions (IALs) using a self-expandable @entity5648 stent graft system. METHODS: Between July 2006 and March 2013, 16 @entity1 (13 males, mean age: 68 years) with a self-expandable @entity5648 stent graft. A total of 19 lesions were treated: nine true @entity439 , two anastomotic @entity439 , two dissections, one @entity2548 , two type 1B endoleaks after @entity439 repair, one @entity2849 , and two perforations after angioplasty. Pre-, intra-, and postinterventional imaging studies and the medical records were analyzed for technical and clinical success and postinterventional complications. RESULTS: The primary technical and clinical success rate was 81.3% (13/16 @entity1 ) and 75.0% (12/16), respectively. Two @entity1 had technical failure due to persistent type 1A endoleak and another @entity1 due to acute stent graft @entity715 . One @entity1 showed severe stent graft kinking on the first postinterventional day. In two @entity1 , a second intervention was performed. The secondary technical and clinical success rate was 87.5% (14/16) and 93.8% (15/16). The minor complication rate was 6.3% ( @entity1 with painful @entity1410 at the access site). The major complication rate was 6.3% ( @entity1 with ipsilateral @entity1150 ). During median follow-up of 22.4 months, an infection of the @entity439 sac in one @entity1 and a stent graft @entity715 in another @entity1 were observed. CONCLUSION: Endovascular repair of various IALs with a self-expandable @entity5648 stent graft is safe and effective.

title: Endovascular repair of arterial iliac vessel wall lesions with a self-expandable XXXX stent graft system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: The @entity6 foot ulcer is a significant clinical problem often resulting in frustranous conservative treatment or early amputation. In certain cases transfer of well vascularized tissue can improve wound healing and lead to a length-spearing therapy. In this study the concept of microsurgical tissue transfer in the treatment of @entity4760 is introduced. Following a radical debridement and, if necessary a atypical length-spearing amputation the wound is covered by a free transplanted @entity121 followed by a split-thickness skin graft. In six @entity1 treated with this procedure the extremity could be saved. The perioperative mortality was 0%, average hospitalization was 47.6 days. One flap was lost, two vascular revision were necessary. Several necrectomies and skin grafts were performed and one donor side seroma was drained. One @entity547 was observed after free rectus abdominus transfer. Compared to conservative treatment or amputation this concept leads to a length-spearing therapy and can increase success rates of rehabilitation and quality of life.

title: [Free microsurgical flap-plasty in reconstructive therapy of XXXX foot ulcer].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flap']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several types of metal stents are available for the treatment of @entity19926 . They can be self-expanding, balloon expandable, covered with a @entity1346 membrane or uncovered. We have used a new self-expanding tracheobronchial @entity5648 wire stent since 1998, and our results are presented below. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over a period of two years, 25 @entity1 had a stent in the @entity825 or bronchus. The stents were inserted while the @entity1 were under general anaesthesia, and flexible bronchoscopy was used. Respiratory function, histopathology, stent data, complications, and mortality were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 had a malignant @entity850 . @entity850 following a single lung transplantation (3) was the most frequent reason for a benign @entity850 (7). Most of the @entity1 had the stent placed in the @entity825 (14). All the stent insertions were performed without complications, and respiratory function was immediately improved in all @entity1 except for two. The @entity260 were @entity32 (5), stent dislocation (3), delayed expansion (2), stent @entity397 (1), and @entity432 caused by retained secretions (1). DISCUSSION: The tracheobronchial ultraflex @entity5648 stent was easy to handle and was troublesome for only a few @entity1 . @entity5648 stents are considered to have a good biocompatibility, but 12% of the @entity1 developed inflammatory granulations requiring electroresection.

title: [Self-expanding XXXX stents in the treatment of tracheobronchial stenoses].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory granuloma']

entities_list: @entity19926 :: ('MESH:C566362', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['stent occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5648 :: ('MESH:C013616', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitinol', 'nitinol']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: Little is known about the role of acute GvHD (aGvHD) based on the concept of graft-versus- @entity1778 effect (GVLE) after unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (uHSCT). We evaluated 67 uHSCTs performed with multinational unrelated donors for @entity1 with @entity3052 . The median follow-up duration was 18 months (range 7-61). The majority of @entity1 had intermediate- or high-risk cytogenetic findings. The conditioning regimen for most @entity1 consisted of @entity786 plus total body irradiation (n=56) with our standard GvHD prophylaxis containing @entity1140 plus a short course of @entity1499 . The incidence of aGvHD and chronic GvHD was 50 and 52%, respectively. Eight @entity1 (12%) have relapsed to date. The estimated overall disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 5 years was 67%. Notably fewer relapses were seen when aGvHD developed (P=0.008). Specifically, high-risk @entity3052 @entity1 had a much lower relapse rate when they developed aGvHD (P=0.01), compared with the intermediate-risk group. Therefore, the development of aGvHD after uHSCT in @entity3052 @entity1 is closely related to a lower relapse rate, probably in association with GVLE.

title: Anti-leukaemic role of acute GvHD after unrelated haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in intermediate- to high-risk acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['myelogenous leukaemia']


abstract: We have established a monoclonal antibody (mAb) AG7 defining a sperm acrosome antigen-1 (SAA-1) on spermatozoa from the @entity1 and several @entity1 species. MAb AG7 inhibits fertilization of @entity19 eggs in vitro and in vivo. An important characteristic of mAb AG7 is its inhibition of the rise in intracellular @entity460 induced by @entity1420 in @entity1 spermatozoa. Here we show that, following the acrosome reaction, SAA-1 is lost from the cap of @entity1 spermatozoa but remains detectable in the equatorial region. Acrosome reaction assays demonstrated a clear difference between @entity1420 - and @entity3365 -induced acrosome reactions. For induction of the acrosome reaction with @entity1420 , a minimum capacitation time of 6 h was required. @entity3365 induced the acrosome reaction regardless of capacitation time. MAb AG7 completely inhibited the @entity1420 -induced acrosome reaction, but not the @entity3365 -induced acrosome reaction in @entity1 spermatozoa. Differences in the pattern of @entity460 flux induced by the two agents might account for this phenomenon. The inhibition of the @entity1420 -induced acrosome reaction by mAb AG7 implies a regulatory function of SAA-1 during the @entity1 sperm acrosome reaction.

title: XXXX -induced acrosome reaction: potential role for sperm acrosome antigen-1 in fertilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of maximal levator muscle resection surgery in @entity1 with poor levator function. METHODS: This prospective study included 29 eyelids of 23 @entity1 who underwent maximal levator resection surgery. Pre- and postoperatively, all @entity1 ' routine ophthalmic examination including evaluation of upper eyelid skin crease positions; levator muscle function (LF), rima palpebrarum (RP), and @entity3067 ( @entity3067 ) measurements were recorded. Outcome was considered successful when the difference between the two upper eyelids was  <=1   mm; if the difference between the two eyelid margins was more than 1   mm and less than 2   mm, it was considered to be satisfactory. More than 2   mm difference was considered to be poor. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 11.3        8.6 years (3 months to 24 years). Mean follow-up time was 22.8        6.9 months (10 to 36 months). Preoperatively mean RP, @entity3067 , and LF measurements were 5.5        1.7   mm, -0.14        1.6   mm, 2.5        1.4   mm (0-4   mm), respectively. Preoperatively, eight (27,6%) @entity1 had skin crease. Abnormal head posture was detected in eight (34.8%) of the @entity1 . Postoperatively, RP, @entity3067 , and LF values increased significantly (p   <   0.05). Mean RP, @entity3067 , and LF measurements were 8.3        1.5   mm, 2.6        1.2   mm, 5.1        2.1   mm, respectively. Fourteen subjects (60.9%) had successful results, two subjects (8.7%) had satisfactory results, and seven subjects (30.4%) had poor results. Abnormal head postures of all @entity1 were resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Maximal levator resection may be a good alternative method to frontalis suspension in @entity1736 @entity1 with poor levator function.

title: Maximal Levator Muscle Resection for Primary XXXX with Poor Levator Function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['congenital blepharoptosis']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'margin-reflex distance']

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['Congenital Blepharoptosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morquio- @entity751 or @entity17053 ( @entity17053 ) is an inherited @entity209 in which @entity85 can be extreme. An international registry has shown that 46% of @entity1 are unable to walk 200 m and 30% use a wheelchair. Lower limb surgery is performed to restore alignment with the expectation of maintaining mobility. We are, however, not aware of reports correlating function with alignment. This study assesses the role of orthopaedic intervention with reference to anatomic and functional outcome in @entity17053 : specifically hemiepiphysiodesis correction of @entity13809 . METHODS: Interrogation of the @entity5684 @entity1 database identified 63 @entity1 . @entity1 demographic and radiographic data were collected along with information on deformity, correction, mobility, and genotype. Genu valgum was assessed by intermalleolar distance and mobility by a standardized 6-minute walk test. Sequential hip anatomy was assessed radiographically. RESULTS: Twenty-six surgical hemiepiphysiodesis episodes were performed on 23 @entity1 . There were no cases of implant failure, loosening, or @entity281 . The average intermalleolar distance reduction was 6.12 cm (paired t test, P=0.0001) (95% confidence interval, 7.6-4.7 cm) and the mean change in 6-minute walk test was +69.5 m (P=0.0339). There was no correlation between @entity572 and mobility (Fisher exact test, P=1.000), although hip parameters deteriorated over time. Three @entity1 required repeat 8-plate insertion and 1 a femoral osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Eight-plate hemiepiphysiodesis correction of @entity13809 in @entity17053 is an effective treatment with low complication rates. The insult of surgery is minimal compared with that of osteotomy which can reduce mobility further. Our outcomes suggest that mobility is maintained or improved even in severe genotypes where mobility typically worsens. We have found hip pathology to be less debilitating, but further studies are needed to assess the effect of @entity13809 correction upon femoral head subluxation and collapse.We suggest hemiepiphysiodesis should be considered as part of the treatment strategy for limb alignment in @entity17053 @entity1 , depending on remaining growth, mobility status, and genotype. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-therapeutic case series.

title: Lower XXXX Management in @entity17053 , @entity17053 : Preliminary Report of Hemiepiphysiodesis Correction of Genu Valgum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity17053 :: ('MESH:D009085', 'Disease') :: ['MPS IV-A', 'mucopolysaccharidosis type IV-A']

entities_list: @entity13809 :: ('MESH:D056304', 'Disease') :: ['genu valgum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip subluxation/dislocation']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Brailsford syndrome']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformities']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Extremity Deformity']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that early-stage @entity712 differentially affects the intrinsic @entity299 's capacity to regulate cardiac function. After 2 wk of rapid ventricular pacing in nine anesthetized @entity235 , cardiac and right @entity528 were evaluated in situ in response to enhanced cardiac sensory inputs, stimulation of extracardiac autonomic efferent neuronal inputs, and close coronary arterial administration of neurochemicals that included @entity1239 . Right atrial neuronal intracellular electrophysiological properties were then evaluated in vitro in response to synaptic activation and @entity1239 . Intrinsic cardiac @entity1239 -sensitive, neuronally induced cardiac responses were also evaluated in eight sham-operated, unpaced animals. Two weeks of rapid ventricular pacing reduced the cardiac index by 54%. Intrinsic cardiac neurons of paced hearts maintained their cardiac mechano- and chemosensory transduction properties in vivo. They also responded normally to sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic efferent neuronal inputs, as well as to locally administered alpha-or beta-adrenergic agonists or angiotensin II. The dose of @entity1239 needed to modify intrinsic cardiac neurons was 50 times greater in failure compared with normal preparations. That dose failed to alter monitored cardiovascular indexes in failing preparations. Phasic and accommodating neurons identified in vitro displayed altered intracellular membrane properties compared with control, including decreased membrane resistance, indicative of reduced excitability. Early-stage @entity712 differentially affects the intrinsic @entity299 's capacity to regulate cardiodynamics. While maintaining its capacity to transduce cardiac mechano- and chemosensory inputs, as well as inputs from extracardiac autonomic efferent neurons, intrinsic cardiac @entity1239 -sensitive, local-circuit neurons differentially remodel such that their capacity to influence cardiodynamics becomes obtunded.

title: Intrinsic XXXX in tachycardia induced @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac nervous system']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['atrial neuronal function']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac nervous system']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is an increasing concern for Emergency Physicians. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether empiric antibiotic therapy achieved appropriate antimicrobial coverage in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity326 @entity1 and evaluate reasons for inadequate coverage. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed of all adult @entity326 @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 of a tertiary care center from December 2007 to September 2008. Inclusion criteria were: 1) Suspected or confirmed @entity281 ; 2) >=  2 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria; 3) Treatment with one antimicrobial agent; 4) @entity551 requiring vasopressors. @entity1 were dichotomized by presentation from a community or health care setting. RESULTS: Eighty-five @entity1 with @entity326 were identified. The average age was 68    15.8 years. Forty-seven (55.3%) @entity1 presented from a health care setting. @entity55 was the predominant clinically suspected @entity281 (n = 38, 45%), followed by urinary tract (n = 16, 19%), intra-abdominal (n = 13, 15%), and other @entity281 (n = 18, 21%). Thirty-nine @entity1 (46%) had an organism identified by positive culture, of which initial empiric antibiotic therapy administered in the @entity341 adequately covered the infectious organism in 35 (90%). The 4 @entity1 who received inadequate therapy all had @entity293 ( @entity293 ) and were from a health care setting. CONCLUSION: In this population of @entity341 @entity1 with @entity326 , empiric antibiotic coverage was inadequate in a small group of uroseptic @entity1 with recent health care exposure. Current guidelines for @entity293 treatment do not consider health care setting exposure. A larger, prospective study is needed to further define this risk category and determine optimal empiric antibiotic therapy for @entity1 .

title: @entity326 and adequacy of early empiric antibiotics in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is a common inflammatory disease of the sinonasal cavity mediated, in part, by polymicrobial communities of bacteria. Recent molecular studies have confirmed the importance of @entity328 and nontypeable @entity327 (NTHi) in @entity102 . Here, we hypothesize that interaction between @entity2260 and NTHi mixed-species communities cause a change in bacterial virulence gene expression. We examined @entity102 as a model @entity1 disease to validate these polymicrobial interactions. Clinical strains of @entity2260 and NTHi were grown in mono- and co-culture in a standard biofilm assay. Reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RTqPCR) was used to measure gene expression of key virulence factors. To validate these results, we investigated the presence of the bacterial RNA transcripts in excised @entity1 tissue from @entity1 with @entity102 . Consequences of physical or chemical interactions between microbes were also investigated. Transcription of NTHi type IV pili was only expressed in co-culture in vitro, and expression could be detected ex vivo in diseased tissue. @entity2260 @entity2388 oxidase was up-regulated in co-culture, while pneumolysin and pneumococcal adherence factor A were down-regulated. These results were confirmed in excised @entity1 @entity102 tissue. Gene expression was differentially regulated by physical contact and secreted factors. Overall, these data suggest that interactions between @entity327 and @entity2260 involve physical and chemical mechanisms that influence virulence gene expression of mixed-species biofilm communities present in chronically diseased @entity1 tissue. These results extend previous studies of population-level virulence and provide novel insight into the importance of @entity2260 and NTHi in @entity102 .

title: Regulation of virulence gene expression resulting from @entity328 and nontypeable XXXX interactions in chronic disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity39566 ( @entity39566 ) involves @entity1897 . @entity2186 (VB12) is a co-factor in myelin synthesis. Because each cell that constitutes the myelin component in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system is different, it is improbable that these cells undergo simultaneous @entity528 . However, the sequence of @entity528 in @entity39566 has not been established. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we analysed medical records and electrophysiological data of @entity1 who showed neurological symptoms and whose serum VB12 levels were lower than 200 pg/mL. RESULTS: We enrolled 49 @entity1 in this study. Their mean VB12 level was 68.3 pg/mL. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) study showed abnormal findings in 38 @entity1 . Of the 40 @entity1 who underwent visual evoked potential (VEP) study, 14 showed abnormal responses. Eighteen @entity1 showed abnormal findings on a nerve conduction study (NCS). In this study, abnormal posterior tibial nerve SEPs only were seen in 16 @entity1 , median nerve SEPs only were seen in 3 @entity1 , abnormal VEPs only in two, and abnormal NCS responses in one @entity1 . No @entity1 complained of @entity73 . CONCLUSION: In @entity39566 , @entity528 appears to progress in the following order: lower spinal cord, cervical spinal cord, peripheral nerve/optic nerve, and finally, the brain.

title: Sequential involvement of the nervous system in subacute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['progressive degeneration of the spinal cord, optic nerve, and peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity39566 :: ('MESH:D052879', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'Subacute combined degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['combined degeneration']


abstract: Arteriovenous grafts used for hemodialysis frequently develop @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ), which ultimately leads to graft failure. Although the turbulent jet from the dialysis needle may contribute to vessel wall injury, its role in the pathogenesis of @entity1373 is relatively unexplored. In the current study, using @entity291 aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) cultured on the inner surface of a compliant tube, we evaluated the effects of simulated hemodialysis conditions on morphology and @entity842 (NO) production. The flows via the graft and needle were 500 ml/min (Reynolds number=819) and 100ml/min (Reynolds number=954), respectively. In the presence of the needle jet for 6h, 19.3% (+/-1.53%) of BAEC were sheared off, whereas no loss of BAEC was observed in the presence of graft flow alone (P<0.05). In the presence of graft flow alone, assessment of cell orientation by the Saltykov method revealed that BAEC were oriented along the flow direction. This alignment, however, was lost in the presence of needle flow. Finally, NO production was also significantly decreased in the presence of the needle flow compared to the presence of graft flow alone (16+/-3.1 vs 34.7+/-1.9 nmol/10(6)cells/h, P<0.05). NO is a key player in vascular homeostasis mechanisms modulating vasomotor tone, inhibiting @entity32 and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thus, the loss of NO signaling and the loss of endothelial integrity caused by needle jet turbulence may contribute to the cascade of events leading to @entity1373 formation during hemodialysis.

title: Effects of venous needle turbulence during ex vivo hemodialysis on endothelial morphology and XXXX formation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'intimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Different inhibitors of the @entity141 /calmodulin-stimulated phosphodiesterase 1 family have been described and used for the examination of phosphodiesterase 1 in cellular, organ or animal models. However, the inhibitors described differ in potency and selectivity for the different phosphodiesterase family enzymes, and in part exhibit additional pharmacodynamic actions. In this study, we demonstrate that @entity45721 is expressed in the @entity1 @entity463 cell line A172 with regard to mRNA, protein and activity level, and that lower activities of phosphodiesterase 2, phosphodiesterase 3, phosphodiesterase 4 and phosphodiesterase 5 are also present. The identity of the @entity45721 activity detected was verified by downregulation of the mRNA and protein through @entity1 @entity45721 specific small interfering RNA. In addition, the measured K(m) values ( @entity268 , 1.7 microm; @entity6708 , 1.3 microm) are characteristic of @entity45721 . We demonstrate that treatment with the @entity141 ionophore @entity1360 increases intracellular @entity141 in a concentration-dependent way without affecting cell viability. Under conditions of enhanced intracellular @entity141 concentration, a rapid increase in @entity268 levels caused by the adenylyl cyclase activator @entity1928 was abolished, indicating the involvement of @entity141 -activated @entity45721 . The reduction of @entity1928 -stimulated @entity268 levels was reversed by phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors in a concentration-dependent way. Using this cellular system, we compared the cellular potency of published phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors, including @entity1925 , @entity53537 , @entity64013 , and two established phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors developed by Schering-Plough (named compounds 31 and 30). We demonstrate that up to 10 microm @entity1925 and @entity53537 had no effect on the reduction of @entity1928 -stimulated @entity268 levels by @entity1360 , whereas the more selective and up to 10 000 times more potent phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors @entity64013 , compound 31 and compound 30 inhibited the @entity1360 -induced decline of @entity1928 -induced @entity268 at nanomolar concentrations. Thus, our data indicate that @entity64013 and compounds 31 and 30 are effective phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors in a cellular context, in contrast to the weakly selective and low-potency phosphodiesterase inhibitors @entity1925 and @entity53537 . A172 cells therefore represent a suitable system in which to study the cellular effect of phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors. @entity1925 and @entity53537 seem not to be suitable for the study of phosphodiesterase 1-mediated functions.

title: Characterization of inhibitors of XXXX on a @entity1 cellular system.

entities_list: @entity1925 :: ('MESH:C119531', 'Chemical') :: ['8-Methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine', '8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity53537 :: ('MESH:C013983', 'Chemical') :: ['vinpocetine']

entities_list: @entity45721 :: ('5137', 'Gene') :: ['phosphodiesterase 1C']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity45721 :: (5137,Gene) :: ['phosphodiesterase 1C']


abstract: Motor imagery provides a direct insight into action representations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of impairment of action monitoring in @entity161 by evaluating the performance of @entity161 @entity1 on mental rotation tasks. We raised the following questions: (1) Are @entity161 @entity1 impaired in motor imagery both at the explicit and at the implicit level? (2) Are body parts more difficult for them to mentally rotate than objects? (3) Is there any link between the performance and the hallucinating symptom profile? The @entity161 @entity1 (n = 13) displayed the same pattern of performance as the control subjects (n = 13). More particularly, @entity161 @entity1 ' reaction time varied as a function of the angular disparity of the stimuli. On the other hand, they were significantly slower and less accurate. Interestingly, @entity1 suffering from @entity1833 made significantly more errors than non-hallucinatory @entity1 . We discussed these latter results in terms of deficit of the forward model. We emphasized the necessity to distinguish different levels of action, more or less impaired in @entity161 .

title: Mental rotation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The PDA1 gene of the filamentous fungus @entity59009 MPVI (anamorph: @entity10437 ) encodes @entity57475 demethylase, a cytochrome P450. @entity57475 is a fungistatic @entity24826 produced by @entity3587 ( @entity3587 ), a host for this fungus. @entity57475 demethylase detoxifies @entity57475 and functions as a virulence factor for this fungus. @entity57475 induces PDA1 expression both in cultured mycelia as well as during pathogenesis on @entity3587 . The regulatory element within PDA1 that provides @entity57475 -responsive expression was identified using a combination of in vivo functional analysis and in vitro binding analysis. The 40 bp @entity57475 -responsive element is located 635 bp upstream of the PDA1 transcription start site. This element was sufficient to provide strong @entity57475 -induced expression to a minimal promoter in vivo and was required for @entity57475 regulation of the PDA1 promoter. A gene encoding a DNA-binding protein specific to this 40 bp element was isolated from a @entity59009 cDNA library using the @entity375 one-hybrid screen. The cloned gene possesses sequence motifs found in the binuclear @entity219 ( @entity2569 6-Zn 2) family of transcription factors unique to fungi. The results suggest that it is a regulator of this fungal cytochrome P450 gene and may provide @entity57475 -responsive regulation.

title: A binuclear XXXX transcription factor binds the host @entity24826 -responsive element in a fungal cytochrome p450 gene responsible for detoxification.

entities_list: @entity24826 :: ('CHEBI:50753', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavonoid']

entities_list: @entity57475 :: ('MESH:C003161', 'Chemical') :: ['Pisatin', 'pisatin']

entities_list: @entity10437 :: ('169388', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium solani']

entities_list: @entity59009 :: ('140110', 'Species') :: ['N. haematococca', 'Nectria haematococca']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['garden pea', 'Pisum sativum', 'pea']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease comprises a group of genetic @entity3459 , and occurs when the sickle haemoglobin gene is inherited from both parents. The effects of the condition are: varying degrees of @entity417 which if severe reduce the capacity for mobility; predisposition to @entity1503 causing @entity158 in muscle and bone known as "crises"; damage to major organs such as the spleen, liver, kidneys, and lungs; and increased vulnerability to severe @entity281 . There are both medical and non-medical complications, and treatment is usually symptomatic and palliative in nature. Psychological intervention for individuals with @entity3458 seems viable in complementing current medical treatment, and studies examining their efficacy appear to have also yielded encouraging results. OBJECTIVES: To examine the evidence that in @entity1 with @entity3458 , psychological treatment improves the ability to cope with the condition. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane @entity1577 and @entity74 Group specialist trials register which comprises references from comprehensive electronic database searches. Also, hand searching relevant journals, hand searching abstract books of conference proceedings, and searches on the Internet were performed. Date of the most recent search of the Group's specialised register: January 2001. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing the use of psychological intervention to no (psychological) intervention in @entity1 with @entity3458 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. MAIN RESULTS: Five studies were identified in the initial search, of which three studies, with a total of 158 @entity1 were eligible for inclusion in the review. Published data reveal that family education and cognitive behavioural therapy can help @entity1 cope with @entity3458 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 education programmes improve knowledge and attitudes of @entity1 with @entity3458 . There is as yet however, insufficient evidence to demonstrate the role of other psychological therapies. This systematic review has clearly identified the need for well-designed, adequately powered, multicentre randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of specific intervention in @entity3458 .

title: Psychological therapies for @entity3458 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['blood disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction of small blood capillaries']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']