abstract: BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous peginterferon beta-1a provided clinical benefits at Year 1 (placebo-controlled period) of the 2-Year Phase 3 ADVANCE study in @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ). Here we report the effect of peginterferon beta-1a on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions, and no evidence of disease activity (NEDA; absence of clinical [relapses and 12-week confirmed disability progression] and MRI [ @entity2287 -enhancing, and new or newly-enlarging T2 hyperintense lesions] disease activity) during Year 1. METHODS: @entity3780 @entity1 (18-65 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale score  <=5) were randomized to double-blind placebo or peginterferon beta-1a 125   g every 2 or 4  weeks. Sensitivity analyses of last observation carried forward and composite disease activity (using minimal MRI allowance definitions) were conducted. RESULTS: 1512 @entity1 were randomized and dosed (placebo n   =   500; peginterferon beta-1a every 2 [n   =   512] or 4 [n   =   500] weeks). Every 2  week dosing significantly reduced, versus placebo and every 4  week dosing, the number of new or newly-enlarging T2 hyperintense lesions at Weeks 24 (by 61% and 51%, respectively) and 48 (secondary endpoint; by 67% and 54%, respectively); all p   <   0.0001. Every 2  week dosing also provided significant reductions versus placebo and every 4 week dosing in the number of new T1 hypointense, @entity2287 -enhancing, and new active ( @entity2287 -enhancing plus non-enhancing new T2) lesions (all p   <   0.0001), as well as the volume of T2 and T1 lesions (p   <   0.05) at Weeks 24 and 48. Significantly more @entity1 dosed every 2  weeks had NEDA versus placebo and every 4  weeks (all p   <   0.01) from baseline to Week 48 (33.9% versus 15.1% and 21.5%, respectively [odds ratios, ORs: 2.89 and 1.87]), from baseline to Week 24 (41.0% versus 21.9% and 30.7%, [ORs: 2.47 and 1.57]) and from Week 24 to Week 48 (60.2% versus 28.9% and 36.6%, [ORs: 3.71 and 2.62]). Consistent results were seen when allowing for minimal MRI activity. CONCLUSION: During Year 1 of ADVANCE, significantly more @entity3780 @entity1 receiving peginterferon beta-1a every 2  weeks had NEDA, and early and sustained improvements in all MRI endpoints, versus placebo and every 4  week dosing. NEDA sensitivity analyses align with switch strategies in clinical practice settings and provide insight into future responders/non-responders. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00906399.

title: Effect of peginterferon beta-1a on MRI measures and achieving no evidence of disease activity: results from a randomized controlled trial in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity3780 :: (MESH:D020529,Disease) :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Some of the most important trafficking processes in cells involve transport across the nuclear envelope. Whether it is the import of transcription factors or the export of RNA, the only known portal across the double lipid bilayer that forms the nuclear envelope are the macromolecular pores known as nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Understanding how signals influence the conformation of the @entity11408 is important for testing models of, and perhaps modifying, transport across the nuclear envelope. Here we summarize high-resolution atomic force microscopy studies of @entity11408 structure following manipulation of nuclear envelope @entity460 stores of nuclei from @entity1238 oocytes. The results show that the release of @entity460 from these stores through the specific activation of @entity671 receptors leads to changes in @entity11408 structure observable from both sides of the nuclear envelope. The diameter of the @entity11408 is also sensitive to these @entity460 stores and increases upon @entity460 release. Western blot analysis reveals the presence of @entity8452 receptors in the nuclear envelope of @entity1238 oocytes, although in low abundance. Activation of these @entity460 channels also leads to the displacement of the central mass and changes in @entity11408 diameter. This change in structure may involve a displacement of the cytoplasmic and nuclear rings of the @entity11408 towards each other, leading to the apparent emergence of the central mass from both sides of the @entity11408 . The changes in conformation and diameter of the @entity11408 may alter cargo access and binding to @entity815 - @entity2228 repeats lining the pore, thus altering transport.

title: The role of nuclear envelope XXXX in modifying nuclear pore complex structure.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'X. laevis']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The effects of various recombinant cytokines i.e. @entity1192 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity379 , @entity310 and @entity2841 used either alone or in combination with @entity1199 , were investigated in this study. First, their capacity to induce killer cells from @entity1 PBL was examined by evaluating the degree of killing of @entity1 NK-sensitive K562 or NK-resistant Daudi cells. Second the effects of these cytokines, @entity10086 cells (at 1/1, 2/1, 4/1 ratio @entity10086 effectors/bone marrow cell targets) and of the supernatants from washed killer cell cultures, were examined on the colony forming ability of @entity1 bone marrow for GM-CFU in vitro. Various degrees of NK activity against K562 was observed in PBL stimulated with the cytokines, whereas @entity10086 activity was found only with @entity1199 alone. Culture of PBL with @entity1199 + @entity1192 or @entity1199 + @entity650 or @entity1199 + @entity2841 resulted in the highest @entity10086 killing. However, addition of @entity310 , or @entity379 to @entity1199 in cultures resulted in a significant suppression of @entity10086 cell activity. Addition of @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity2772 , and @entity3646 to BM cultures had little or no effect on day 14 GM-CFU, whereas addition of @entity650 and @entity2841 resulted in a stimulatory effect. @entity10086 cells induced with @entity1199 alone had no significant suppressive effects on GM-CFU.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anti-tumor cytotoxic potential and effect on @entity1 bone marrow GM-CFU of XXXX @entity10086 cells generated in response to various cytokines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Preoperative identification of the @entity146 variants of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) by fine needle aspiration (FNAC) has been suggested and different systems for distinguishing them from classical variant of @entity3557 have been employed, including a point-based cytology grading system as suggested by Damiani et al., that we currently use in our Institution. The aim of this paper is to verify if distinction of @entity3557 in @entity146 or nonaggressive variants impacts on surgical treatment. In 7 years, from 1998 to 2005, 13586 cases of FNAC of thyroid have been performed; among them 156 @entity3557 . The cytological material of thirty complete thyroidectomies with histology proven @entity3557 were reviewed. 11/30 cases were correctly stratified into the appropriate low or high-grade category. The cytological grading system was discordant with the final histopathological diagnosis in 9/30 cases while in 10 cases the grade was not assessed. Eight cases were downgraded and therefore the low grade @entity1377 diagnosed at cytological level turned to be high grade at histology. When those cases were reviewed, the histology of seven cases diagnosed as tall cell variant of @entity3557 failed to show a percentage of @entity5 cells higher than 50% and therefore it would be better to diagnose them as classical variant of @entity3557 . One case was under-graded at FNAC. The case that was cytologically upgraded was a follicular variant of @entity3557 in @entity2621 with a focus of tall cells. All @entity1 underwent thyroidectomy or thyroidectomy plus lymphadenectomy and from our results the pre-operative diagnosis did not effect the surgical treatment. No @entity1 died of the disease.

title: [The utility of aspiration cytology for the distinction of XXXX and non- @entity146 @entity1377 of the thyroid].

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive']


abstract: CONTEXT: Prenatal exposure to selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants and @entity308 both alter @entity4837 health, and distinguishing the effects of each influence remains challenging. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exposure to SSRIs and @entity308 differs from exposure to @entity308 alone. DESIGN: Using population health data, records of @entity4837 birth outcomes were linked to records of maternal health and prenatal maternal prescriptions for SSRIs. SETTING: Population of British Columbia, Canada. @entity1 : Mothers and their @entity1 , representing all live births during a 39-month period (N = 119,547) (1998-2001). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes from @entity1 of @entity308 mothers treated with SSRIs (SE-D) were compared with outcomes from @entity1 of @entity308 mothers not treated with medication (DE) and nonexposed controls. To control for maternal @entity1032 severity, propensity score matching was used to identify a comparison group of DE mothers who were similar to the SE-D mothers in characteristics in the year preceding and during pregnancy. RESULTS: Fourteen percent of mothers were diagnosed as having @entity308 during their pregnancy, and the incidence of prenatal SSRI exposure increased from 2.3% to 5.0% during a 39-month period. Birth weight and gestational age for SE-D @entity1 were significantly less than for DE @entity1 , as was the proportion of @entity1 born at less than 37 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], -1 to -64, -0.25 to -0.45, and -0.009 to -0.04, respectively), although differences in the incidence of birth weight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age were not significant. An increased proportion of SE-D @entity1 had @entity4837 @entity649 (13.9% vs 7.8%), @entity1087 (9.4% vs 7.5%), and feeding problems (3.9% vs 2.4%) compared with DE @entity1 (95% CI of difference, 0.042-0.079, 0.003-0.334, and 0.005-0.025, respectively). When outcomes were compared between SE-D and propensity score-matched DE neonates, SE-D was associated with increased incidence of birth weight below the 10th percentile and rates of @entity649 . CONCLUSION: With linked population health data and propensity score matching, prenatal SE-D exposure was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight and @entity649 , even when maternal illness severity was accounted for.

title: Neonatal outcomes after prenatal exposure to selective XXXX reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and @entity308 using population-based linked health data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'maternal depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: In digital radiography we are now able to electronically collimate images after acquisition. This may seem convenient in paediatric imaging, but we have to be aware that electronic collimation has two major downsides. Electronic collimation implicates that the original field size should have been smaller and the @entity1 has been exposed to unnecessary radiation. Also, by use of electronic collimation, potentially important information may be lost. The " @entity575 lining", denoting the X-ray beam collimation, can serve as a useful radiation protection instrument to check for proper field size and detect unnecessary exposure. Furthermore, the @entity575 lining confirms all exposed anatomy is shown in the final image, and thus may also serve as a quality assurance instrument as the @entity1 has the right to all acquired information. Teaching Points     The ability to electronically collimate an image after acquisition may serve to enhance contrast in the region of interest.     The ability to electronically collimate an image after acquisition carries the risk of overexposure.     The ability to electronically collimate an image after acquisition carries the risk of losing important information.     The @entity575 lining can serve as a quality control instrument for proper collimation.     The @entity1 has the right to all information obtained during an X-ray examination.

title: Electronic collimation and radiation protection in paediatric digital radiography: revival of the XXXX lining.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patient']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: The 2004 WHO classification of @entity5 recognised @entity189 as a variant of @entity957 . We report a unique case of primary @entity420 with a basaloid component. An 82-year-old @entity1 underwent pulmonary lobectomy for a 2.8 cm @entity5 . The @entity1 is disease-free 13 months after diagnosis. Histologically, an @entity189 having a glandular and a solid component was observed. The former was an @entity420 with mucus containing spaces lined by columnar mucinous cells and basaloid cells. The solid component was an organoid proliferation of basaloid-type cells, as in @entity1491 . Basaloid cells, but not mucinous cells, were immunoreactive for high molecular weight cytokeratins (CK), @entity5822 and, focally, for @entity10922 . High Ki67 index, @entity876 and @entity470 expression were also found. This @entity5 is unique in several respects: (1) The solid areas resemble a conventional @entity189 , except for the presence of small mucin-containing spaces. (2) The mucinous @entity420 areas contain two layers of columnar and basaloid cells. (3) Both components are neoplastic based on cell morphology, invasive properties and phenotypic profile. These findings indicate that a basaloid variant of @entity420 is also existing in the spectrum of basaloid @entity189 of the lung.

title: @entity420 . A new variant of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous and large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['basaloid carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Some authors have suggested a rise of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) during apnoea testing and the possibility of harm to @entity1 . Data, however, have yet to be obtained. METHODS: Between October 2012 and May 2014 an observational study was performed on @entity1 who received @entity428 measurements and who underwent @entity1620 diagnosis. @entity428 , cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate were recorded continuously from 15  min before the start of @entity1620 diagnosis (baseline), during clinical examination including apnoea testing, until 15  min after this procedure. RESULTS: A total of 16 clinical examinations for @entity1620 including apnoea testing were performed on 13 @entity1 . All @entity1 had primary @entity75 . Mean @entity428 and mean CPP during the examination were 95      27.7  mmHg and 13.5      20.7  mmHg, respectively. @entity428 and MAP showed a strong and statistically significant correlation, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of more than +0.6 or less than -0.6 in 13 of the 15 examinations. CONCLUSION: Mean @entity428 even before @entity1620 determination is increased excessively. Changes of @entity428 during apnoea show a clear correlation to the changes of MAP. Furthermore, CPP during the condition of @entity1620 may not equal zero but may be positive thereby indicating some minor net influx of blood into the brain in some @entity1 .

title: Intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure during apnoea testing for the diagnosis of XXXX - an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity1620 :: (MESH:D001926,Disease) :: ['brain death']


abstract: Although dopaminergic mechanisms are known to modulate cognitive function and cholinergic transmission, their pharmacological characterization remains incomplete. Herein, the role of D1 sites was evaluated employing neurochemical and behavioural approaches. By analogy to the @entity4833 inhibitor, @entity11545 (0.0025-0.63 mg/kg s.c.), the selective and high efficacy D1 receptor agonist, @entity11639 , dose-dependently (0.0025-0.63), robustly and potently enhanced extracellular levels of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of freely moving @entity35 . A further agonist, @entity10432 (0.04-0.63), mimicked this action whereas the selective antagonist, @entity10095 (0.00063-0.63), decreased levels of @entity1617 . In the presence of @entity10095 (0.08), the facilitatory influence of @entity11639 (0.04) upon @entity1617 levels was abolished. In a model of social memory (recognition of a juvenile by an adult @entity35 ), @entity11545 (0.04-0.63), @entity11639 (0.01-0.16) and @entity10432 (0.001-0.16) dose-dependently abrogated amnesic effects of the muscarinic receptor antagonist @entity5591 (1.25). Further, under conditions of spontaneous loss of recognition, mimicking the effects of @entity11545 (0.04-2.5), @entity11639 (0.01-0.16) and @entity10432 (0.04-1.25) dose-dependently and specifically facilitated social recognition. Conversely, @entity10095 (0.0025-0.04) exerted a modest negative influence upon social recognition and, in its presence, the pro-cognitive properties of @entity11639 were blocked. In conclusion, D1 receptors exert a tonic, facilitatory influence upon cholinergic transmission and social recognition. Although the relationship between these actions awaits further clarification, these data underpin the relevance of D1 receptors to @entity9555 in which cholinergic transmission and social cognition are disrupted.

title: Activation of dopamine D1 receptors enhances cholinergic transmission and social cognition: a parallel dialysis and behavioural study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11545 :: ('MESH:D005702', 'Chemical') :: ['galantamine']

entities_list: @entity9555 :: ('MESH:D001928', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disorders']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity2493 , a major photoperiod-dependent hormone, regulates circadian rhythms and biological rhythms and acts as a prominent sleep promoter. Symptoms related to hypermelatoninemia have been reported in individuals supplemented with @entity2493 . However, spontaneous @entity308 has not been reported previously. A 6-year-old @entity1 previously diagnosed with @entity58879 was admitted to our hospital on several occasions during a 1-year period with complaints of @entity1662 , @entity1163 , @entity2332 and episodes of sweating. The episodes occurred daily and during sleep and lasted for 1-6 h. During these episodes, she sweated profusely and felt faint and her skin was pale and cool. Other complaints included recurrent @entity490 , urge @entity322 and @entity1714 . She was shown to have hypermelatoninemia (>1,000 pg/ml, normal range 0-150 pg/ml) during these episodes. The duration of her attacks decreased with phototherapy and she was successfully treated with @entity1169 . To our knowledge, this is the first case of hypermelatoninemia without any detectable organic pathology. We did not determine the exact mechanism of hypermelatoninemia in this @entity1 ; however, it might have been related to irregular control of pinealocytes by the suprachiasmatic nucleus or related pathways. Hypermelatoninemia should be considered in @entity1 with spontaneous periodic @entity2332 and @entity1119 , and also in @entity1 with @entity58879 .

title: Spontaneous XXXX : a new disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['endogenous hypermelatoninemia']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity58879 :: ('MESH:C537594', 'Disease') :: ["Shapiro's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['altered consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['endogenous hypermelatoninemia']


abstract: Elevated serum concentrations of 1-84 @entity461 ( @entity461 ) after operation for sporadic @entity3243 have been reported in previous studies, years after operation for @entity459 ( @entity459 ). The cause and significance of this finding have not been elucidated. Primary @entity2742 was diagnosed in 195 @entity1 from January 1987 to December 1998. Operation for @entity459 was performed in 124 @entity1 . To evaluate long-term effects of elevated serum 1-84 @entity461 , biochemical variables and pre- and @entity86 were investigated from hospital case records. Of the 124 @entity1 operated on, 103 had a solitary @entity652 . Among these @entity1 , 60 had normal serum concentrations of 1-84 @entity461 and @entity460 postoperatively, 38 @entity1 had follow-up for more than 12 months (range 12-207 months-group A). Persistent elevated serum concentrations of 1-84 @entity461 and normocalcemia were found in 23 @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 had follow-up for more than 12 months (range 15-76 months-group B). Two @entity1 had persistent @entity459 , and 18 were normocalcemic, but in this retrospective study data on serum 1-84 @entity461 were not available. No significant differences were found between groups A and B at the time of diagnosis concerning clinical characteristics. More that 12 months after operation for @entity459 , the @entity1 in group B, with persistent elevated serum concentrations of 1-84 @entity461 , had a significantly (c2 = 11, p = 0.005, and power of test 0.66) higher frequency of @entity65 from @entity741 and @entity101 . Persistent elevated serum concentrations of 1-84 @entity461 after operation for sporadic @entity3243 may be associated with development of @entity65 . This group of @entity1 therefore needs lifelong control and, possibly, medical intervention.

title: Normocalcemia and persistent elevated serum concentrations of 1-84 @entity461 after operation for sporadic @entity3243 : evidence of increased morbidity from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['pHPT', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces @entity111 in @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been shown that VNS has antinociceptive and antidepressant effects in @entity1 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 were investigated before (baseline) and during chronic VNS treatment. The experiments were performed at two different stimulation intensities: 2 to 5 days after implantation at a low stimulation intensity (mean intensity 0.7 +/- 0.2 mA, second session) and after 8 to 14 weeks of VNS therapy (mean intensity 1.4 +/- 0.3 mA, third session). Twelve healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were investigated using the same experimental protocol. @entity19157 was induced by @entity112 -iontophoresis and quantified on a visual analogue scale (VAS). @entity112 -induced flare was quantified using laser-Doppler flowmetry. RESULTS: @entity19157 was reduced by VNS from 24 +/- 8% VAS at baseline to 15 +/- 5% VAS at second session, and 19 +/- 8% VAS at third session (p < 0.05 multivariate analysis of variance). In the control group, @entity19157 remained unaltered in all three sessions (26 +/- 5% at baseline, 23 +/- 5% in the second session, and 25 +/- 5% in the third session, not significant). The flare was unaltered in both @entity1 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: VNS may suppress @entity111 in @entity1 .

title: Influence of vagus nerve stimulation on @entity112 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity111 :: (MESH:D011537,Disease) :: ['itching']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Barkhof criteria have been adopted to demonstrate dissemination in space in the new @entity15 diagnostic criteria because of their high specificity for predicting conversion to @entity15 . One of the 4 Barkhof criteria is the presence of an @entity75 . In @entity922 ( @entity922 ) of the brainstem (CISB), the infratentorial criterion does not demonstrate dissemination in space, raising the possibility that the criteria may be less specific in CISB, as compared with specificity in other @entity922 , in which all 4 criteria demonstrate dissemination in space. OBJECTIVE: To compare the validity indices of Barkhof criteria in CISB with those in other @entity922 . DESIGN: Inception cohort with median follow-up of 34 months for CISB and 40 months for other @entity922 . SETTING: Institutional ambulatory referral center. @entity1 : A sample of 51 @entity1 with CISB and 102 @entity1 with other @entity922 (46 with @entity4685 and 56 with @entity7995 ) was analyzed. Barkhof criteria, with a cutoff of 3 of 4, were applied to magnetic resonance imaging performed at baseline. Four combinations each containing 3 parameters were also applied, with a cutoff of 2 of 3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Specificity of unmodified Barkhof criteria and of the 4 combinations to predict conversion to clinically definite @entity15 . RESULTS: The specificity of the criteria in CISB was 61% against 73% in other @entity922 . The combinations that retained the @entity75 parameter had lower specificities in the CISB group; in analysis of the group with other @entity922 , no such differences were found. CONCLUSION: The @entity75 criterion is responsible for the lower specificity of Barkhof criteria in CISB.

title: Specificity of Barkhof criteria in predicting conversion to XXXX when applied to clinically isolated brainstem syndromes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['infratentorial lesion']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndromes', 'CIS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) participates in the control of contractility and heart rate, limits cardiac remodeling after an @entity1188 and contributes to the protective effect of ischemic pre- and postconditioning. Low concentrations of NO, with production of small amounts of @entity6708 , inhibit phosphodiesterase III, thus preventing the hydrolysis of @entity268 . The subsequent activation of a protein-kinase A causes the opening of sarcolemmal voltage-operated and sarcoplasmic ryanodin receptor @entity141 channels, thus increasing myocardial contractility. High concentrations of NO induce the production of larger amounts of @entity6708 which are responsible for a cardiodepression in response to an activation of protein kinase G (PKG) with blockade of sarcolemmal @entity141 channels. NO is also involved in reduced contractile response to adrenergic stimulation in @entity712 . A reduction of heart rate is an evident effect of @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) inhibition. It is noteworthy that the direct effect of @entity3623 inhibition can be altered if baroreceptors are stimulated by increases in blood pressure. Finally, NO can limit the deleterious effects of cardiac remodeling after @entity583 possibly via the @entity6708 pathway. The protective effect of NO is mainly mediated by the guanylyl cyclase- @entity6708 pathway resulting in activation of PKG with opening of mitochondrial @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels and inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores. NO acting on heart is produced by vascular and endocardial @entity9554 , as well as neuronal and inducible synthases. In particular, while in the basal control of contractility, endothelial synthase has a predominant role, the inducible isoform is mainly responsible for the cardiodepression in @entity326 .

title: XXXX and cardiac function.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity9554 :: ('4846', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial NOS']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of high-dose @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (GIK) solution on hemodynamics and @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). @entity1 AND METHODS: We observed the changes in the hemodynamic parameters in 26 @entity1 with @entity583 . All @entity1 received primary PCI before entering the study. All @entity1 in the study were randomized into the GIK group (n = 14) or the control group (n = 12). @entity1 in the GIK group received high-dose GIK solution (25% @entity413 , 80 mmol/L @entity4338 and 50 IU/L insulin; 1.5 ml/kg/h) over 24 h. @entity1 in the control group received standard therapy. We monitored the hemodynamic parameters at baseline and after 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h, respectively. Then, we followed-up the cardiac function with echocardiography after 7 days, 1 month and 6 months. RESULTS: The basic clinical data was similar between the groups. Primary PCI was performed successfully in 25 @entity1 . The two groups were indistinguishable in all factors measured. GIK solution did not have a deleterious effect on the hemodynamic parameters. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased during the first 12-h period and then decreased smoothly (F = 3.75, P = 0.02). The trends were similar between the two groups. The system vascular resistance index (SVRI) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) decreased during the first 12 h in the GIK group but increased in the control group. The GIK solution significantly influenced SVRI (F = 4.71, P = 0.02). GIK solution improved the cardiac function measured by @entity64 volume (F = 4.11, P = 0.03) and cardiac index (F = 4.40, P = 0.02). In the 6-month follow-up, GIK improved @entity299 (left ventricular diastolic diameter: 49.2    2.89 vs. 53.9    2.48, P < 0.001; left ventricular systolic diameter: 32.9    2.24 vs. 35.9    2.78, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: High-dose GIK solution had no adverse effects on the hemodynamics in @entity583 @entity1 treated with primary PCI. It can improve cardiac function by lowering SVRI. In the 6-month follow-up, it improved @entity299 .

title: High-dose XXXX -insulin- @entity972 has hemodynamic benefits and can improve @entity299 in @entity583 treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention: From a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) are common after thyroidectomy. @entity10442 , a selective @entity750 type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, is more effective than the traditional antiemetics @entity6918 and @entity1769 for the prevention of @entity1209 after thyroidectomy. @entity16243 , another new selective antagonist of 5-HT3 receptor, has been shown to have more potent and longer-acting properties than @entity10442 against @entity900 -induced @entity391 in ferrets. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and tolerability of @entity10442 and ramosetron for the prevention of @entity1209 after thyroidectomy. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, @entity1 received @entity10442 3 mg or ramosetron 0.3 mg intravenously at the end of surgery. A standard general anesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were used. Emetic episodes and safety were assessed during the first 24 hours and the second 24 hours after anesthesia. RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 (15 @entity1 , 65 @entity1 ) aged 33 to 58 years were included in the study. Each study group consisted of 40 @entity1 . There were no differences between groups with regard to @entity1 demographics. The percentage of @entity1 who were @entity391 free (no @entity390 , no @entity391 ) 0 to 24 hours after anesthesia was 83% (33 of 40) with @entity10442 and 88% (35 of 40) with ramosetron; the corresponding rates 24 to 48 hours after anesthesia were 63% (25 of 40) and 90% (36 of 40), respectively (P = 0.004). The safety profile of the two 5-HT3 receptor antagonists was comparable, as no clinically serious adverse effects caused by the study drug were observed in either of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with @entity16243 was comparable to therapy with @entity10442 for the prevention of @entity1209 0 to 24 hours after anesthesia in @entity1 who underwent thyroidectomy; 24 to 48 hours after anesthesia, ramosetron was more ef- fective than @entity10442 for prophylaxis against @entity1209 in this population.

title: Comparison of @entity10442 and ramosetron for the prevention of @entity390 and XXXX after thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['emesis', 'retching, no vomiting']

entities_list: @entity16243 :: ('MESH:C071315', 'Chemical') :: ['Ramosetron', 'ramosetron']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['granisetron', 'Granisetron']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance (IR) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity731 in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and be contributed to, in part, by free @entity1718 (FFAs), produced in @entity1144 individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IR and the relationships between FFAs, @entity1144 , and @entity731 in a cohort of prevalent RTRs. METHODS: Observational data were collected on 85 RTRs (mean age 54 years; 49% male, 87% Caucasian). @entity4053 serum was analyzed for FFAs, @entity413 , and @entity2690 ; IR was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) score. Vascular structure was assessed by carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) measurement. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with IR and @entity731 . RESULTS: IR occurred in 75% of RTRs, and FFA levels were independently associated with its occurrence (beta: -0.55, 95% CI: -1.02 to -0.07, P = 0.02). Other variables independently associated with IR were male sex, body mass index, @entity1144 , @entity551 and corticosteroid use. There was a significant correlation between FFA levels and @entity121 (r = 0.3, P=0.01). On multivariate analysis, @entity121 correlated with elevated FFA (beta: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02-0.12, P = 0.007), @entity6 (P = 0.05), older age (P < 0.002), and a body mass index >25 kg/m (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: FFAs are associated with the development of IR and may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity731 in RTRs. Additional studies are required to explore these associations further before considering whether an interventional trial aimed at lowering FFA would be a worthwhile undertaking.

title: Free @entity1718 are associated with obesity, @entity2690 resistance, and XXXX in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes, systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['excess in centrally obese', 'central obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of fixture @entity130 rates and team performance has only been scarcely investigated. AIM: To study associations between recovery time and match load and injury rates and team performance in professional football. METHODS: Exposure and @entity130 were registered prospectively from 27 teams over 11 seasons. Matches were grouped according to recovery days before each match ( <=3 vs >3 days, and  <=4 vs >= 6 days). Injury rates and team performance were compared between groups. Match load in match sequences containing five consecutive matches was determined by the number of days separating the first match and the last training session during that match sequence. Linear regression was used to study associations between match load and injury rates and team performance. RESULTS: Team performance showed no association with match load, or recovery days prior to matches, except for Europa League matches that indicated more matches lost with short recovery ( <=3 days) (p=0.048). @entity130 rates and @entity121 rates were increased in league matches with  <=4 days compared with >= 6 days' recovery ( @entity4736 .09, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18, and @entity4736 .32, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.51, respectively), specifically hamstring and @entity130 . High match load was associated with increase in @entity121 rate in matches in the same match sequence (p=0.012), and increase in ligament injury rate in training in the subsequent match sequence (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Fixture congestion was associated with @entity2057 rates but had no, or very limited, influence on team performance.

title: XXXX rates in professional football increase with fixture congestion: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study.

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['increased muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['time loss injuries', 'Total injury', 'congestion on injury', 'quadriceps injuries']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Muscle injury']


abstract: Electrophysiologic examination of scotopic and photopic retinal function was done in 31 young healthy Labrador Retrievers and 6 Labrador Retrievers with ophthalmoscopic signs of generalized progressive @entity2479 (PRA). Scotopic responses to 4 stimulus intensities (b-wave threshold and 0.65-, 1.60-, and 2.59-log relative units above b-wave threshold, tests 1, 2, 3, and 6, respectively) were determined, using single-flash stimulation. Alternating current recorded single-flash c waves (stimulus intensity 3.18-log relative units above b-wave threshold, test 4) and 30-Hz photopic flicker (stimulus intensity 1.92-log relative units above b-wave threshold, test 7) responses were recorded. Results of the single-flash recordings from 31 healthy @entity235 were analyzed statistically. The method used allowed for a separation of rod and cone function. Tests 3, 6, and 7 were most useful in determination of @entity989 , when results of the healthy young @entity235 were compared with results obtained from generalized PRA-affected @entity235 . Various doses of @entity3652 and @entity4763 in @entity235 with ophthalmoscopically normal fundi had no significant effects on a- and b-wave amplitudes when @entity235 were given single-flash stimuli 1.60-log relative units above b-wave threshold (test 3). Three 3-year-old @entity235 , with ophthalmoscopic signs of generalized PRA, had greatly reduced a- and b-wave amplitudes and unaltered or slightly shortened a- and b-wave latencies. One 3-year-old @entity235 with normal-appearing fundi had responses similar to those of @entity235 with generalized PRA of the same age. On repeated examination 6 months later, this @entity235 had ophthalmoscopic and angiographic signs of generalized PRA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Electroretinography in Labrador retrievers given XXXX - @entity4763 anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disease']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: y   T cells are a subset of T cells associated with epithelial mucosal tissues and play a prominent role in both promoting and dampening inflammatory responses to pathogens; in addition, they strongly mediate epithelial repair. By using a @entity1732 model of @entity3794 , we found that y   T-cell populations dramatically increased after @entity1732 administration. To determine the importance of these cells, we exposed @entity19 lacking the    chain of the y   T-cell receptor (y   knockout [KO]) to @entity1732 . @entity3794 was more severe in y   KO @entity19 , as measured by collagen deposition ( @entity720 ) and histopathological features. Furthermore, there was no evidence of resolution of the fibrotic response up to 45 days after @entity1732 therapy. In contrast to control @entity19 , y   KO @entity19 had decreased concentrations of @entity777 , granulocyte colony stimulating factor, chemokine @entity15891 , and interferon inducible protein 10/ @entity15369 . In vitro culture of y   T cells purified from lungs 17 days after @entity1732 exposure (a time of peak influx of these cells) demonstrated that y   T cells produced substantial quantities of all four of these cytokines, suggesting that y   T cells are a predominant source of these proteins. To demonstrate that y   T cells are effector cells in the fibrotic response, we performed adoptive transfer experiments with y   T cells sorted from @entity1732 -treated lungs; these cells were sufficient to resolve @entity82 in y   KO @entity19 and restore @entity15369 levels comparable to wild-type @entity19 . Furthermore, overexpression of @entity15369 in the lung decreased the severity of @entity82 seen in the y   KO @entity19 . Finally, adoptive transfer of y   T cells from @entity15369 (-/-) @entity19 failed to reverse the severe @entity82 in y   KO @entity19 . These results indicate that y   T cells promote the resolution of @entity82 through the production of @entity15369 .

title: y   T cells attenuate @entity1732 -induced @entity82 through the production of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis', 'pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity15369 :: (15945(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CXCL10']


abstract: A rare case of ossifying cementicular @entity81 of the left orbitofrontal bone that developed in a 12-year-old @entity1 is presented. A hard, painless mass that was incidentally noticed gradually enlarged over 2 years. Skull X-rays showed a well-demarcated lesion with mixed @entity3808 and osteolytic radiolucent changes in the left orbitofrontal bone. Computed tomography revealed an expansile intradiploic multilocular mass that was separated by bony trabeculae. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a multi-cystic iso-intense mass with homogeneous contrast enhancement. Left external carotid angiograms revealed a vague @entity5 stain that was mainly fed by the middle meningeal artery. Systemic bone scintigrams revealed a single abnormal uptake in the lesion. The @entity5 was totally removed. Histological examination demonstrated two different characteristic findings that were composed of @entity82 and cementifying @entity81 , although most of the @entity5 appeared to be a highly cementicular form of @entity75 . The pathological diagnosis was a cementicular variant of @entity82 .

title: Ossifying cementicular @entity81 of the orbitofrontal bone in a XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'skull tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibro-osseous lesion']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: It was the objective of the DAL study HD-85 to examine the possibility of a reduction of chemotherapy, compared to the study HD-82 which had applied a combined treatment strategy resulting in a relapse rate of only 2.5% after 4 years, and a proportion of intercurrent deaths of 1.5%, in a total of 203 @entity1 . @entity4174 was eliminated in the OPPA-therapy (OPA) and replaced by @entity1499 in the COPP-cycles (COMP). Chemotherapy consisted in 2 cycles of OPA for stage I/IIA (group 1), 2 cycles of OPA and 2 cycles of COMP for stage IIB/IIIA (including IEA/IIEA) (group 2), and 2 cycles of @entity30466 and 4 cycles of COMP for stage IIIB/IV (group 3). The subsequent radiotherapy was limited to the initially involved fields, the dosage of 35, 30 or 25 Gy depending on the extent of chemotherapy. Regions showing incomplete @entity5 regression after chemotherapy received another 5 Gy, in @entity1 of groups 2 and 3. Between Jan. 1985 to Nov. 1986, 103 @entity1 with @entity978 from 42 participating hospitals were enrolled in this study. 98 @entity1 were treated according to protocol (59 @entity1 , 39 @entity1 ). A specific strategy for the selective indication of laparotomy and splenectomy was applied. With this strategy no laparotomy was performed in 39/98 @entity1 (40%). 67 @entity1 (68%) retained their spleen. 4 @entity1 showed progression of the disease under chemotherapy, all others achieved remission. 16 @entity1 relapsed before Dec. 31, 1987. So far no @entity1 of this study has died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Significance of XXXX in the chemotherapy of @entity978 --a report of the Cooperative Therapy Study DAL-HD-85].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['Procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity4174 :: (MESH:D011344,Chemical) :: ['procarbazine']


abstract: Despite more than a decade of intense investigation, controversy persists regarding appropriate triggers for aortic replacement in the setting of @entity4503 aortic valve. The difficulty is that the data are inescapably imperfect. Although we can count individuals with @entity4503 valve who suffer dissection, we have an insufficient understanding of the true denominator of individuals at risk to calculate the probability of dissection for an individual @entity1 . In addition, our own decision-making process is subject to "denominator neglect" or focus on the fact of the occurrence of the event rather than on the risk of the occurrence. Furthermore, the data are inherently incomplete given the asymmetric nature of outcomes information. Specifically, although we can see those who did or did not dissect among the @entity1 not undergoing surgery, the converse is not true; the tragedy of prophylactic surgery is that one cannot distinguish those who have benefited through prevention of dissection from those who paid the price of surgery but in whom dissection would never have occurred. Finally, we have data for only some of the critical determinants of dissection. Structural failure occurs when stresses exceed strengths. Aortic diameter gives us some insight into stress but we have little information on the material strength of the aorta. Early indications that @entity1 undergoing aortic valve replacement for @entity4503 valve had a significant risk of aortic dissection were followed by laboratory data showing histologic, biochemical, and @entity854 supporting an aggressive approach to resection; however, more recent clinical studies call this into question.

title: Aortic replacement in the setting of XXXX aortic valve: How big? How much?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical abnormalities']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe possible cases of cochleosaccular endolymphatic hydrops without vertigo. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case report. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Three @entity1 with possible cochleosaccular hydrops without vertigo were studied. The basis of diagnosis was positive result of the @entity1483 -loading vestibular evoked myogenic potential test, no canal paresis in the caloric test, and recurrent cochlear symptoms or fluctuating low-tone @entity393 . CASE REPORT: In case 1, a 47-year-old @entity1 had recurrent left aural fullness and @entity392 and a few weeks later complained of a @entity53144 sensation and could not stand up. The @entity1483 -loading vestibular evoked myogenic potential test showed a positive result in the left ear. In case 2, a 24-year-old @entity1 complained of a backward falling sensation lasting several seconds; subsequently, a severe @entity53144 sensation persisted and she could not stand up for several days. Audiography showed fluctuating low-tone @entity393 in the left ear, and the @entity1483 -loading vestibular evoked myogenic potential test showed a positive result. In case 3, a 41-year-old @entity1 had a @entity53144 sensation while walking and subsequently complained of @entity392 in the left ear. She could not stand up because of a severe @entity53144 sensation and, moreover, complained of a @entity1109 lasting for several seconds. The @entity1483 -loading vestibular evoked myogenic potential test indicated a positive result in the left ear. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 in cases 2 and 3 complained of a short-lasting sensation of falling down. Severe disequilibrium that prohibited standing up was noted in all cases. It was suggested that these symptoms were caused by saccular hydrops.

title: Three cases of cochleosaccular endolymphatic hydrops without vertigo revealed by XXXX -loading vestibular evoked myogenic potential test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sudden falling sensation']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To critically discuss the current protocols for the management of controlled @entity43 in assisted reproduction technology. DESIGN: Review of the literature and presentation of our experience. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ovarian response (peak serum @entity172 levels, number of oocytes retrieved, quality of oocytes and embryos) and pregnancy outcome (clinical, delivery, and multiple pregnancy rates). RESULT(S): Controversies still exist regarding selection of gonadotropin preparation, choice of adjuvant therapy with @entity1176 analogues, and use of oral contraceptive pills. @entity1 identified as intermediate responders have an excellent outcome with adjuvant therapy with either a @entity1176 agonist (long protocol) or a @entity1176 antagonist, but tailoring of gonadotropin dose must be performed to achieve optimized results. High responders perform favorably with gentler gonadotropin stimulation that minimizes the occurrence of @entity43 . On the other hand, results in low responders remain suboptimal both in terms of ovarian response and oocyte/embryo quality in spite of a variety of stimulation regimens used. CONCLUSION(S): Ovarian stimulation is a critical step in in vitro fertilization therapy. A variety of controlled @entity43 regimens are available and efficacious, but individualization of management is essential and depends on assessment of the ovarian reserve. Identification of the etiologies of poor ovarian response constitutes a formidable challenge facing reproductive endocrinologists.

title: Controlled XXXX for in vitro fertilization: two decades of experience after the birth of Elizabeth Carr.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation protocols']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibody-based reagents have failed to live up to their anticipated role as highly specific targeting agents for @entity5 therapy. Targeting with @entity1 single-chain Fv ( @entity3598 ) molecules may overcome some of the limitations of murine IgG, but are difficult to produce with conventional hybridoma technology. Alternatively, phage display of antibody gene repertoires can be used to produce @entity1 @entity3598 . OBJECTIVES: To isolate and characterize @entity1 single chain Fvs which bind to @entity1722 , an oncogene product overexpressed by 30-50% of @entity0 and other @entity420 . STUDY DESIGN: A non-immune @entity1 single-chain Fv phage antibody library was selected on @entity1 c-erbB extracellular domain and @entity3598 characterized with respect to affinity, binding kinetics, and in vivo pharmacokinetics in @entity5 -bearing scid @entity19 . RESULTS: A @entity1 single-chain Fv (C6.5) was isolated which binds specifically to @entity1722 . C6.5 is entirely @entity1 in sequence, expresses at high level as native protein in @entity526 , and is easily purified in high yield in two steps. C6.5 binds to immobilized @entity1722 extracellular domain with a Kd of 1.6 x 10(-8) M and to @entity1722 on SK-OV-3 cells with a Kd of 2.0 x 10(-8) M, an affinity that is similar to @entity3598 produced against the same antigen from hybridomas. Biodistribution studies demonstrate 1.47% injected dose/g @entity5 24 h after injection of 125I-C6.5 into scid @entity19 bearing SK-OV-3 @entity5 . @entity5 :normal organ ratios range from 8.9:1 for kidney to 283:1 for muscle. CONCLUSIONS: These results are the first in vivo biodistribution studies using an @entity3598 isolated from a non-immune @entity1 repertoire and confirm the specificity of @entity3598 produced in this manner. The use of phage display to produce C6.5 mutants with higher affinity and slower k(off) would permit rigorous evaluation of the role of antibody affinity and binding kinetics in @entity5 targeting, and could result in the production of a therapeutically useful targeting protein for radioimmunotherapy and other applications.

title: In vitro and in vivo characterization of a human anti- XXXX single-chain Fv isolated from a filamentous phage antibody library.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Regional brain alterations may be involved in the pathogenesis and adverse consequences of @entity27 ( @entity27 ). The objectives for the current study were to (1) determine cerebrovascular reactivity in the motor areas that control upper airway musculature in @entity1 with @entity27 , and (2) determine whether young @entity1 with @entity27 have decreased cerebrovascular reactivity in response to breath holding. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: @entity4207 center. @entity1 : Twelve subjects with @entity27 (age 24-42 y; @entity386 - @entity387 index 17; interquartile range [IQR] 9, 69 per hour) and control subjects (n = 10; age 29-44 y; AHI 2; IQR 1, 3 per hour). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Subjects underwent blood @entity26 level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) while awake, swallowing, and breath holding. In subjects with @entity27 , during swallowing, there was less activity in the brainstem than in controls (P = 0.03) that remained reduced after adjusting for cortical motor strip activity (P = 0.036). In @entity27 subjects, brain regions of increased cerebrovascular reactivity (38; IQR 17, 96 cm(3)) was smaller than that in controls (199; IQR 5, 423 cm(3); P = 0.01). In @entity27 subjects, brain regions of decreased cerebrovascular reactivity during breath hold was greater (P = 0.01), and the ratio of increased-to-decreased brain regions was lower than that of controls (P = 0.006). Adjustment for cerebral volumes, body mass index, and @entity62 did not change these results substantively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ), diminished change in brainstem activity during swallowing and reduced cerebrovascular reactivity may contribute to the etiopathogenesis and adverse cerebrovascular consequences, respectively. We speculate that decreased cerebral auto-regulation may be causative of gray matter loss in @entity27 .

title: Cerebrovascular reactivity in young subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: Systemic and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of @entity15065 (LA) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the response to thermal stimulation in sham-operated @entity19 as assayed by the tail-immersion test. After spinal transection, the antinociceptive potencies of s.c.- or i.c.v.-administered LA were markedly reduced. Antinociception induced by systemically administered LA was clearly reduced by pretreatment with @entity2955 or @entity1128 through the i.c.v. and intrathecal (i.t.) routes. When LA was administered by i.c.v.-injection, the LA-induced antinociception was reduced by pretreatment with @entity6839 , a beta-adrenergic antagonist, and @entity6009 , a 5-HT2 antagonist. Administration of LA by the i.t. route resulted in a significant antinociceptive activity, which was also reduced by pretreatment with @entity5333 , an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, and @entity5079 , a 5-HT1 antagonist. The results of these studies suggest that the central noradrenergic and serotonergic systems may be involved in the antinociception of systemically administered LA, and these pathways are mediated by beta-adrenoceptors and 5-HT2 receptors in the brain and alpha-adrenoceptors and 5-HT1 receptors in the spinal cord.

title: Pharmacological studies on XXXX : possible interaction with endogenous noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways to induce antinociception.

entities_list: @entity15065 :: ('MESH:C022150', 'Chemical') :: ['lappaconitine']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['mianserin']

entities_list: @entity1128 :: ('MESH:D015116', 'Chemical') :: ['5,7-dihydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity15065 :: (MESH:C022150,Chemical) :: ['lappaconitine']


abstract: Two-hundred fifty @entity1 with high and no risk history @entity16 ( @entity16 ) were examined during the first year of life. The neurological situation and the developmental progress were reconsidered in these @entity1 at 2.5-4.5 and 5-7 years of age. @entity16 were diagnosed mainly during the first two trimesters. Hyperirritability and asymmetries resolved to about 70% during the first half of the first year of life. In contrast, isolated central @entity2421 resolved over a much longer period. No correlations of distinct types of @entity16 could be found with VLBW and LBW- @entity1 , with fullterm @entity1 , with birthweights, nor with risk factors. @entity1 who developed @entity508 presented permanent @entity4372 beside other specific @entity16 during the second half of the first year of life. @entity1 with lasting non-spastic handicaps showed permanent @entity2421 combined with other @entity16 and symptoms of @entity1155 , which evolved also during the second half of the first year. From these results the question arises: which parts of @entity16 are essentially neurobiological findings indicating processes of transformation of the sensory motor system from non-intentional fetal to intentional motor behaviour of early infancy. @entity16 , then, should not longer be looked at as symptoms of pathological value only.

title: Transitory neurological findings in a population of at risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['transitory neurological findings', 'neurological symptoms', 'TNF', 'neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic CP']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although the peripheral anti-inflammatory effect of @entity1063 (NE) is well documented, the mechanism by which this neurotransmitter functions as an anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective agent in the central nervous system (CNS) is unclear. This article aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of NE in inflammation-based dopaminergic @entity2359 models. In @entity19 , NE-depleting toxin @entity25410 ( @entity25410 ) was injected at 6 months of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. It was found that NE depletion enhanced LPS-induced dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra. This piece of in vivo data prompted us to conduct a series of studies in an effort to elucidate the mechanism as to how NE affects @entity935 neuron survival by using primary midbrain neuron/glia cultures. Results showed that submicromolar concentrations of NE dose-dependently protected dopaminergic neurons from LPS-induced @entity2359 by inhibiting microglia activation and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory factors. However, NE-elicited neuroprotection was not totally abolished in cultures from b2-adrenergic receptor (b2-AR)-deficient @entity19 , suggesting that novel pathways other than b2-AR are involved. To this end, It was found that submicromolar NE dose-dependently inhibited @entity1110 oxidase ( @entity8930 )-generated @entity224 , which contributes to the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of NE. This novel mechanism was indeed adrenergic receptors independent since both (+) and (-) optic isomers of NE displayed the same potency. We further demonstrated that NE inhibited LPS-induced @entity8930 activation by blocking the translocation of its cytosolic subunit to plasma membranes. In summary, we revealed a potential physiological role of NE in maintaining brain immune homeostasis and protecting neurons via a novel mechanism. GLIA 2015;00:000-000.

title: A novel role of microglial @entity1110 oxidase in mediating extra-synaptic function of XXXX in regulating brain immune homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity25410 :: ('MESH:C012102', 'Chemical') :: ['DSP-4', 'N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To detect the expression of @entity14891 and @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 )/ @entity1722 in @entity356 ( @entity356 ), correlation with their clinicopathological parameters and the relationship of @entity14891 and @entity1722 in the occurrence and development of @entity356 . METHODS: A total of 195 gastrectomy specimens with stage I to III were examined for @entity14891 expression by immunohistochemistry and for @entity1722 expression by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the median follow-up period of 38 months. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of @entity14891 in @entity356 and adjacent noncancerous tissue were 33.8% and 59.5%, respectively. @entity14891 levels were linked to more advanced @entity5 stages and likelihood of recurrence (all p < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that decreased expression of @entity14891 could serve as a prognosis marker for poor outcome of @entity356 @entity1 (p = 0.04). 15.9% of @entity356 specimens were positive for @entity1722 , but whose expression was of no correlation with @entity1 ' survival. @entity1 who were positive for @entity1722 also had high @entity14891 expression levels (p = 0.0295). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that @entity14891 may play an important role in recurrence, thus representing a promising predictive marker for the prognosis of @entity356 . But @entity1722 has no relationship with the prognosis of @entity356 . The clinical significance of @entity14891 and @entity1722 remains to be further investigated.

title: Clinicopathologic Implications of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3f and @entity1722 Expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['Her-2/neu', 'epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'Her-2', 'neu']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: AIM: Stenosis in the unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) is considered a standard indication for surgical revascularization. Some studies have demonstrated that stenting of the ULMCA is safe and feasible in selected @entity1 . Drug eluting stents ( @entity4743 ) have been shown to be superior to bare metal stents (BMS) in reducing restenosis and major adverse @entity299 (MACE) both in-hospital and at follow-up after treatment of @entity453 . Several studies showed that the mid-term prognosis of @entity1 with left main stenting is good, but most of them are limited by small populations and the availability of mid-term results. Thus, we sought to evaluate the very long term impact of @entity4743 vs BMS in a large cohort of @entity1 undergoing stent implantation for @entity453 in our center. METHODS: Between June 2002 and June 2008 a total of 354 consecutive @entity1 with ULMCA @entity850 were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention with BMS (53 @entity1 ) or @entity4743 (301 @entity1 ) implantation. A multivariable adjustment was provided in order to account for baseline differences between groups. RESULTS: The average clinical follow-up was 551+/-512 days. Overall, MACE rate was significantly lower in the @entity4743 group (16.6% vs 26.4%, P=0.02). The beneficial effect was driven by a @entity204 (6.0% vs 9.4%, P=0.11), MI (2.7% vs 3.8%, P=0.33) and target vessel revascularization after @entity4743 implantation (9.0 % vs 15.1%, P=0.11). After correcting for independent predictors of adverse events, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of mortality and @entity583 after @entity4743 implantation relative to BMS implantation were 0.99 (95% CIs 0.30-3.21, P=0.98) and 0.59 (95% CIs 0.01-3.45, P=0.56), respectively. The adjusted HR for two-year MACE was 0.50 (95 CIs 0.25-1.02), P=0.056, mainly driven by a statistical significant reduction of TVR (HR 0.30 [95 CIs 0.11-0.82], P=0.018]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting with @entity453 , who are treated with @entity4743 have a significant reduction in the rate of @entity75 revascularization with no increased risk of @entity204 or @entity583 .

title: Long term results of unprotected left main percutaneous coronary intervention with XXXX versus BMS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['ULMCA disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of death', 'death']

answer: @entity4743 :: (CHEBI:37628,Chemical) :: ['DES']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A quarter of @entity174 needing admission happen in @entity1 , but few data are available that show the value of bone measures for prediction of @entity174 risk in @entity1 . We aimed to assess quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneum and @entity174 incidence in a prospective observational population study. METHODS: Calcaneum broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was measured in @entity1 and @entity1 in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk) between 1997 and 2000. Incident @entity174 were ascertained by hospital record linkage. FINDINGS: In 14824 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 42-82 years, during mean follow-up of 1.9 years (SD 0.7), there were 121 incident @entity174 that needed admission, including 31 @entity173 . @entity1 and @entity1 in the lowest 10% of the calcaneum BUA distribution had a relative risk of @entity174 of 4.44 (95% CI 2.24-8.89, p<0.0001) compared with those in the upper 30% of the distribution. A fall of about 1 SD in BUA (20 db/MHz) was associated with a relative risk of @entity174 of 1.95 (95% CI 1.50-2.52, p<0.0001), independent of age, sex, weight, height, cigarette smoking habit, and past history of @entity174 . BUA predicted @entity174 with consistent magnitude in subgroups stratified by sex, age 65 years or older and younger than 65 years, smoking habit, past history of @entity174 , and hip and non- @entity173 separately. The sex difference in @entity174 risk was largely accounted for by differences in BUA. INTERPRETATION: Quantitative calcaneum ultrasound predicts total and @entity173 risk in @entity1 and @entity1 in a continuous relation. The challenge now is to identify interventions to improve bone health in the whole population.

title: Prediction of total and XXXX risk in @entity1 and @entity1 by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study.

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: @entity545 is an @entity32 , which causes thickening of the tunica albuginea of the penis. @entity545 has a variable natural history and the assessment and management of the disease has yet to be standardised. The case notes of 97 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity545 were retrospectively reviewed at a single tertiary referral centre. @entity1 who were able to achieve sexual penetrative activity to the satisfaction of both partners were managed conservatively. @entity1 who were unable to achieve penetrative sexual activity were given intra-cavernosal prostaglandin, with those achieving a satisfactory erection being offered appropriate surgical intervention. The mean age at presentation was 50 years (range 18-82). A total of 59 (61%) @entity1 were able to have penetrative sex at the time of presentation. Following initial conservative management, only five (8%) of this group had disease progression, which stopped them from being able to penetrate. In all 38 (39%) @entity1 who were not able to penetrate at presentation were offered surgical intervention. In all 24 (63%) of these @entity1 chose to have surgical intervention. Tunical plication resulted in the ability to penetrate in 77% of @entity1 choosing this option whereas only 46% of @entity1 undergoing autologous saphenous vein grafting were able to have penetrative sex. Assessment of penetrative sexual function is an essential component of the management of @entity1 with @entity545 . This enables appropriate counselling with respect to possible conservative management or the most appropriate surgical intervention. The majority of @entity1 with @entity545 can achieve sexual penetrative activity, many without surgical intervention.

title: Should assessment of penetrative sexual activity be used as the treatment arbiter in the management of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity342 replacement therapy (ART) efficacy on late-onset @entity6126 (LOH) has been widely investigated in Western countries; however, it remains controversial whether ART can improve health and prolong active lifestyles. We prospectively assessed long-term ART effects on the physical and mental statuses of aging @entity1 with LOH in Japan. The primary endpoint was health-related quality of life assessed by questionnaires. Secondary endpoints included glycemic control, lipid parameters, blood pressure, waist circumference, body composition, muscular strength, International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores, and serum @entity1486 levels. Of the 1637 eligible volunteers, 334 @entity1 > 40 years with LOH were randomly assigned to either the ART (n = 169) or control groups (n = 165). Fifty-two weeks after the initial treatment, ART significantly affected the role physical subdomain of the short form-36 health survey (SF-36) scale (P = 0.0318). ART was also associated with significant decreases in waist circumstance (P = 0.002) and serum @entity412 (TG) (P = 0.013) and with significant increases in whole-body and leg muscle mass volumes (P = 0.071 and 0.0108, respectively), serum hemoglobin (P < 0.001), IPSS voiding subscore (P = 0.0418), and the second question on IIEF-5 (P = 0.0049). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of severe adverse events. In conclusion, in @entity1 with LOH, long-term ART exerted beneficial effects on Role Physical subdomain of the SF-36 scale, serum TG, waist circumstance, muscle mass volume, voiding subscore of IPSS, and the second question of IIEF-5. We hope our study will contribute to the future development of this area.

title: Effects of long-term @entity342 replacement therapy on the physical and mental statuses of aging males with late-onset XXXX : a multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan (EARTH Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity6126 :: (MESH:D007006,Disease) :: ['hypogonadism']


abstract: The mode of coupling of the beta-adrenergic receptor to the enzyme adenylate cyclase in @entity233 erythrocyte membranes was analyzed in detail. A number of experimental techniques have been used: (1) measurement of the kinetics of cyclase activation to its permanetly active state in the presence of @entity12831 , as a function of hormone concentrations; (2) measurement of antagonist and agoinst binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor prior and subsequent to the enzyme activation by hormone and @entity12831 . On the bases of these two approaches, all the models of receptor to enzyme coupling which involve an equilibrium between the enzyme and the receptor can be rejected. The binding and the kinetic data, however, can be fitted by two diametrically opposed models of receptor to enzyme coupling: (a) the precouped enzyme-receptor model where activation of the enzyme occurs, according to the following scheme: formula (see text) where H is the hormone, RE is the precoupled respetor-enzyme complex, k1 and k2 are the rate constants describing hormone binding, and k is the rate constant characterizing the formation of HRE' from the intermediate HRE. According to this model, the activated complex is composed of all of the interacting species. (b) The other model is the collision coupling mechanism: formula (see test) wheere KH is the horome-receptor dissociation constant, k1 is the bimolecular rate constant governing the formation of HRE, and k3 the rate constant governing the activation of the enzyme. In this case the intermediate never accumulates and constitutes only a small fraction of the total receptor and @entity1920 cyclase concentrations. In order to establish which of the two mechanisms governs the mode of adenylate cyclase activation by its receptor, a diagnostic experiment was performed: Progressive inactivation of the beta receptor by a specific affinity label was found to cause a decrease in the maximal binding capacity of the receptor and a proportional decrease in the rate of activation, but no change in the maximum level of activity was attained. Progressive inactivation of the enzyme by @entity14395 was found not to change the rate of activation nor the capacity of the receptor to bind hormone. Only the maximal level of activation was found to be decreased. These results are not compatible with the precoupled model of receptor and cyclase nor with floating receptor models in which an intermediate of hormone, receptor, and cyclase is in equilibrium with its reactants. The data strongly suggest that the collision coupling is the mode of coupling between the beta receptor and cyclase coupling in @entity233 erythrocyte membranes.

title: Mode of coupling between the beta-adrenergic receptor and adenylate cyclase in XXXX erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity14395 :: ('MESH:C030601', 'Chemical') :: ['p-hydroxymercuribenzoate']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity12831 :: ('MESH:D006165', 'Chemical') :: ['guanylyl imidodiphosphate']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical features in @entity421 and to investigate their influence on the prognosis of @entity1 and adolescents presenting this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The records of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity421 treated by the @entity3478 Group of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between January 1992 and December 2001 were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 were included in this study. Mean age at diagnosis was 13 years (3-22); 68% of the @entity1 were males. The primary site of disease was the femur in 50% of the @entity1 , tibia in 30%, pelvis in 4%, humerus in 10%, fibula in 2% and other sites in 4%. Nineteen @entity1 presented @entity3 at diagnosis (38%). All @entity1 received chemotherapy and were treated with three different schemes. As for surgical treatment, 26 @entity1 (52%) had an amputation and 17 (34%) received conservative surgery. Serum lactic dehydrogenase > 1,000 UI/ml (p = 0.0159, log rank), @entity5 necrosis < 90% and presence of @entity3 had a negative influence on prognosis. The overall 5-year survival was of 33.2+/-7.2% with mean follow-up of 36 months (6-126). Event-free survival was 29.7+/-7%. The 5-year event-free survival in non-metastatic @entity1 was 45+/-10.7%, and zero in metastatic @entity1 (follow-up of 78.4 and 18.7 months, respectively). Only two out of 19 metastatic @entity1 are alive and free of disease at 18 and 30 months respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity3 at diagnosis, serum levels of serum lactic dehydrogenase > 1,000 UI/ml and @entity5 necrosis < 90% are predictors of unfavorable prognosis. The excessively high incidence of metastatic @entity1 may suggest the presence of an aggressive pattern of disease in our population, or may indicate late diagnosis.

title: [Clinical features in XXXX and prognostic implications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['Bone Tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastatic disease']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) is a known modulator of several domains of cognition, among them attention, memory and learning. The neurotransmitter also influences the speed of information processing, particularly the detection of targets and the selection of suitable responses. We examined the effect of the @entity59092 ( @entity6344 ) polymorphism of the gene encoding the nicotinic @entity934 receptor a4-subunit ( @entity6786 ) on response speed and selective visual attention. To this end, we administered a Stroop task, a Negative priming task and an exogenous Posner-Cuing task to healthy @entity1 (n=157). We found that the @entity6786 @entity59092 polymorphism modulated the average reaction times (RTs) across all three tasks. Dependent on the C allele dosage, the RTs linearly increased. Homozygous T allele carriers were always fastest, while homozygous C allele carriers were always slowest. We did not observe effects of this polymorphism on selective attention. In sum, we conclude that naturally occurring variations within the cholinergic system influence an important factor of information processing. This effect might possibly be produced by the neuromodulator system rather than the deterministic system of cortical @entity1617 .

title: Individual response speed is modulated by variants of the gene encoding the alpha 4 sub-unit of the nicotinic @entity934 receptor ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity6786 :: (1137,Gene) :: ['CHRNA4']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity2 were reviewed. The @entity5 occupied the anterior portion of the lung apex in four, the middle portion in one, the posterior portion in 17, and the entire apex in nine. Nine @entity1 were treated by irradiation alone. Twenty-two @entity1 underwent en bloc resection of the apical chest wall and the lung. Seventeen @entity1 were operated on by different approaches: anterior and hook, according to the location of the lesion. Nine @entity1 were operated on by the anterior approach and eight by the hook approach. Another five @entity1 were operated on by the conventional postero-lateral approach. Lesions of the sternum and subclavian vessels and ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes were resected by the anterior approach. Lesions of the vertebrae, brachial plexus, subclavian vessels and ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes could be resected by the hook approach. The anterior approach was suited for lesions in the anterior portion or middle portion and the hook approach for lesions in the middle or posterior.

title: Surgical therapy for XXXX : different approaches according to @entity5 location.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['apical invasive lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['apical invasive lung cancer']


abstract: This multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel study compared the effectiveness and tolerance of intravenous @entity7368 with intravenous @entity1169 in @entity1 with @entity4710 (heart rate [HR] greater than 120 beats/min). Efficacy was evaluated in 53 @entity1 receiving @entity7368 and in 57 @entity1 receiving @entity1169 . @entity1 randomized to @entity7368 received infusions of various doses of @entity7368 ranging from 50 to 300 micrograms/kg/min (each dose infused for 5 minutes) over a 30-minute titration period with intermittent placebo boluses of @entity1169 . Those randomized for @entity1169 received 1 mg/min for the first 3 minutes, and then another 3 mg from minutes 5 to 8 with continuous placebo @entity7368 infusion during the 30-minute titration period. A therapeutic response, defined by 20% or greater reduction in HR, HR less than 100 beats/min or conversion to normal sinus rhythm, was achieved in 72% of @entity1 on @entity7368 compared with 69% of @entity1 on @entity1169 (difference not significant). The therapeutic response was maintained in 67% of @entity1 on @entity7368 and 58% of @entity1 on @entity1169 (difference not significant) during a 4-hour maintenance period. Conversion to normal sinus rhythm occurred in 14% of @entity7368 @entity1 and 16% of @entity1169 @entity1 during titration and 10% of @entity7368 and 8% of @entity1169 @entity1 during maintenance. After discontinuation of study drugs, a more rapid reversal of the reduction in HR was observed in @entity7368 @entity1 compared with those @entity1 receiving @entity1169 . Adverse reactions were seen in 29 (45%) @entity1 on @entity7368 and 11 (18%) @entity1 on @entity1169 . The principle adverse reaction was @entity551 , which was predominantly asymptomatic and found in 23 @entity1 receiving @entity7368 and 4 receiving @entity1169 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative efficacy and tolerance of @entity7368 to XXXX for control of @entity4710 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) eradication and @entity356 has not yet been fully defined. Although studies report a partial restoration of serum pepsinogen I (sPGI) levels after eradication, it is not clear if this finding reflects gastric @entity33 on a morphological level. AIM: To assess alterations in gastric function after @entity1534 eradication on moderate/severe body @entity4726 by determination of sPGI levels. METHODS: Twenty-three dyspeptic @entity1 , selected from 284 consecutive @entity1534 positive @entity1 , with histological features of moderate/severe body @entity4726 and sPGI < 25 microg/L (11 @entity1 , mean age: 51.8 years, range: 29-79 years), underwent an upper @entity344 with gastric biopsies and sPGI determination at baseline. All @entity1 underwent eradication therapy. Serum pepsinogen I was measured again after 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years after eradication therapy. RESULTS: Mean sPGI levels prior to eradication were 11.9 microg/L (range: 4-23 microg/L). Six months after eradication therapy, mean sPGI levels significantly increased to 17.4 microg/L (P = 0.04). At the completion of the study, 4 years after eradication, sPGI levels increased from 17.4 to 32.7 microg/L (P = 0.01). A significant progressive increase in sPGI levels was observed from 6 months to 1 year (17.4 to 23.9 microg/L) and from 1 to 2 years (23.9 to 26.0 microg/L, P = 0.01). Serum pepsinogen I levels higher than the cut-off value of 25 microg/L were observed at various time-points: 6.3% of @entity1 at 6 months (1/16), 33.3% (5/15) at 1 year, 50% (7/14) at 24 months, 66.7% (6/9) at 36 months and 87.5% (7/8) at 4 years. CONCLUSION: After @entity1534 eradication, subjects with body @entity4726 showed long-term improvement of physiological gastric function, reflected by significantly and continually increasing sPGI levels over a 4-year period.

title: Recovery of gastric function after @entity1534 eradication in subjects with body XXXX : prospective 4-year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa']

answer: @entity4726 :: (MESH:D005757,Disease) :: ['atrophic gastritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is a chronic @entity1944 associated with fecal @entity6636 . Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) is a potential therapeutic option for individuals with @entity30 based on the hypothesis that changing the fecal @entity6636 could promote less intestinal @entity32 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 , aged 12 to 19 years, with mild-to-moderate symptoms defined by @entity11618 Activity Index (PCDAI of 10-29) were enrolled into a prospective open-label study of FMT in @entity30 (FDA IND 14942). @entity1 received FMT by nasogastric tube with follow-up evaluations at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. PCDAI, @entity1851 , and fecal calprotectin were evaluated at each study visit. RESULTS: All reported adverse events were graded as mild except for 1 individual who reported moderate @entity490 after FMT. All adverse events were self-limiting. Metagenomic evaluation of stool microbiome indicated evidence of FMT engraftment in 7 of 9 @entity1 . The mean PCDAI score improved with @entity1 having a baseline of 19.7    7.2, with improvement at 2 weeks to 6.4    6.6 and at 6 weeks to 8.6    4.9. Based on PCDAI, 7 of 9 @entity1 were in remission at 2 weeks and 5 of 9 @entity1 who did not receive additional medical therapy were in remission at 6 and 12 weeks. No or modest improvement was seen in @entity1 who did not engraft or whose microbiome was most similar to their donor. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate that FMT for @entity30 may be a possible therapeutic option for @entity30 . Further prospective studies are required to fully assess the safety and efficacy of the FMT in @entity1 with @entity30 .

title: Fecal microbial transplant effect on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiome in active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic inflammatory intestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity11618 :: ('MESH:C536215', 'Disease') :: ["Pediatric Crohn's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including membrane-type (MT)-MMPs, correlate with biological @entity146 in @entity189 . However, their roles in @entity1263 ( @entity1263 ) have rarely been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the immunohistochemical expression of 6 MMPs, their 3 inhibitors and @entity8206 , an MMP inducer, was examined in 14 @entity808 , 14 @entity3292 and 12 @entity808 ( @entity808 ) in relation to malignant potentials. RESULTS: Higher expression levels (>3+) of @entity8206 and @entity1551 were noted in 83.3% and 16.7% of @entity808 , respectively, versus none in @entity808 and @entity3292 (p<0.0001). The overall expression rate (1-4+) of @entity1551 was 58.3% in @entity808 versus 7.1% in both @entity808 and @entity3292 (p=0.0093). Gelatinase A ( @entity1476 ) showed higher expression levels (>3+) in all the @entity5 without significant differencies. Moreover, the expression patterns of @entity3334 and gelatinase B ( @entity1495 ) could divide @entity1263 into two groups: @entity808 versus @entity3292 / @entity808 . Higher expression levels (>3+) of @entity1495 were observed in 50% of @entity808 versus none in @entity3292 and @entity808 , while those of @entity3334 were found in 35.7% of @entity3292 and 66.7% of @entity808 versus none in @entity808 . @entity1801 was the main inhibitor expressed in these 3 @entity5 , with no significant differences. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity8206 and @entity1551 may be malignant potential-related proteins in @entity1263 , and that @entity28403 may help differentiation between @entity808 and @entity3292 , especially in their plexiform types.

title: Expression of XXXX and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in @entity1263 : @entity8206 and @entity1551 expressions are associated with malignant potential.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors', 'schwannomas', 'MPNST', 'MPNSTs']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumors', 'PNSTs']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas', 'neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['many carcinomas']

answer: @entity8206 :: (682,Gene) :: ['emmprin']