abstract: Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) has been widely used as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing commercial product. As white blood cell (WBC)/leukocyte counts have been used as an indicator by clinicians to monitor progress of healing in @entity1 , the purpose of this study was to examine effects of myrrh supplementation on blood WBC numbers before an injury and during healing. Male @entity35 (7-8-wk-of-age) were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1 (SIM) served as " @entity272 treated + myrrh treatment (500 mg/kg/day)," Group 2 (SI) as " @entity272 alone", Group 3 (GUM) as " @entity2275 treated + myrrh treatment", and Group 4 (GU) as @entity2275 only. Myrrh treatments (via drinking water) began 4 wk before induction of injury and continued for a 2 wk period @entity130 . Baseline values for each WBC type were recorded before start of the myrrh treatments. Counts were performed again on Day 1 of the 5th wk (1-2 hr before injury) and @entity130 on Days 4 and 7 of the 5th wk, and a final time on Day 4 of the 6th wk. Results showed that levels of all WBC types were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated before either injury in myrrh-treated @entity35 (Groups 1 and 3) as compared with levels in @entity35 in Groups 2 and 4. At all timepoints, there were neither significant differences between the values seen with @entity35 in Groups 1 and 3, nor between those in Groups 2 and 4. Treatment with myrrh also induced an initial increase in WBC levels that persisted through the @entity130 healing period. Levels of most cell types only increased in the Group 2 and 4 @entity35 once the injury was induced, but then declined over the healing period. Since myrrh enhanced WBC levels before injury, we conclude that myrrh likely contains substances that could induce an apparent antigen-driven response. As the myrrh also helped maintain elevated WBC levels throughout the healing period, this implied it was also able to induce maturation/differentiation/activation of both myeloid and lymphoid cell types during the effector phase of the immune responses involved in wound healing.

title: Effect of myrrh (Commiphora molmol) on leukocyte levels before and during healing from XXXX or @entity272 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcer']


abstract: @entity1 @entity3052 cells from the blood of a series of @entity1 have been implanted subcutaneously into @entity19 immune-suppressed by thymectomy and @entity348 . @entity5 resulted from 18 out of 19 samples and their growth was compared with the proliferation of @entity3052 cells in culture. In 17 cases @entity5 grew to a maximum size and then spontaneously regressed. Cells from one @entity1 produced @entity5 which did not regress and could be retransplanted into freshly immune-suppressed @entity19 . Cells from a @entity1 promyelocytic cell line (HL60) also produced nonregressing and retransplantantable @entity5 . Normal @entity1 mononuclear bone marrow cells implanted s.c. produced a growth pattern similar to that of the majority of @entity3052 cells. A second inoculum of @entity3052 cells into animals with regressing @entity5 also produced @entity5 and thus regression cannot be accounted for on the basis of returning immunity. @entity3052 cells placed into short-term suspension culture invariably matured to monocyte/macrophage type cells and/or granulocytic cells as identified by cytochemical staining. However, no correlation was observed between proliferation or maturation of cells in culture, and @entity5 growth in vivo. Cells derived from disaggregated @entity5 also showed evidence of myeloid differentiation suggesting that @entity5 regression is due to maturation of leukaemic cells.

title: Studies on the development of @entity1 XXXX xenografts in immune-deprived @entity19 : comparison with cells in short-term culture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid tumours', 'AML tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to establish the nature (urgent vs. non-urgent), demographics, presentation and management of @entity244 and to formulate an algorithmic approach for their diagnosis and management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and met-aggregation of literature from 1944 to 2015 in English language in MedLine, Embase and Cochrane database were conducted. RESULTS: @entity244 is a female-dominant disease with median age of 49.5  years (range 22-76) (age   <=60, n  =  11/12, 91  %). It presents with unilateral volar discoloration of a finger (100  %). It is associated with @entity158 (n  =  7/12, 58.  %), @entity4 (n  =  7/12, 58  %), and @entity809 (n  =  3/12, 25  %). The median time to resolution of symptoms without any intervention was 4  days (range 2-14). CONCLUSION: @entity5427 is self-limiting and a non-urgent surgical condition. It can be differentiated from other pathologies by clinical spectrum, @entity1 demographics and in doubtful circumstances ( @entity63 ) by Doppler sonography. An algorithmic approach can avoid hospital admissions, partially unnecessary investigation and assist in @entity1 assurance.

title: Is XXXX a surgical emergency? A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Achenbach's syndrome"]

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Achenbach's syndrome']


abstract: SETTING: An academic hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cytokine production ( @entity379 [ @entity379 ], interleukin-1 [ @entity1192 ], @entity1199 [ @entity1199 ], @entity650 [ @entity650 ], @entity688 [ @entity688 , @entity3646 [ @entity3646 ] and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha [ @entity310 ]) in @entity1 with @entity17398 . DESIGN: Subpopulation of a consecutive prospective case series. @entity1 : Thirty @entity1 presenting with @entity2294 due to @entity378 (n = 19), @entity5 (n = 6) and non-tuberculous infections (n = 5), and five control subjects who had undergone open heart surgery. RESULTS: The concentration of @entity379 was significantly higher in @entity2294 than in the other diagnostic classes (P < 0.0005). The concentration of @entity310 was similar in both @entity281 , but was significantly higher than that of malignant effusions. @entity1192 and @entity1199 were undetectable in malignant effusions, but elevated in both infective and @entity2294 . The levels of @entity1192 and @entity1199 were furthermore significantly higher in @entity2294 due to infective compared to tuberculous causes. The concentration of @entity650 , while elevated in all diagnostic classes, was significantly higher in the malignant group. Elevated levels of @entity688 and undetectable levels of @entity3646 were observed in all three diagnostic groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity2294 arise due to a @entity56 reaction that is orchestrated by the TH-1 lymphocytes.

title: Cytokine production in XXXX with @entity17398 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity17398 :: ('MESH:D010495', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusions', 'tuberculous pericardial effusions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infective and tuberculous effusions']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the most important producers of high quality industrial enzymes is the Gram-positive bacterium, @entity3881 ( @entity3881 ). One major limitation that hinders the wide application of @entity3881 is the secretion of high levels of extracellular proteases which degrade the secreted foreign proteins. In this study, homologus recombination technique was used to knock out its protease gene, @entity14788 . METHODS: The internal segment of the pro-sequence of @entity14788 gene of @entity7682 with a length of 80 bps and its complementary sequence were synthesized and ligated into pUB110 at EcoR1 and XbaI restriction sites. Competent cells of @entity7682 were prepared and transformed by electroporation using Bio Rad gene pulser as explained in the methods section. Transformants carrying the recombinant plasmid were selected for resistance to @entity5154 . The success of homologous recombination was checked by PCR amplification of the neomycin gene which was part of the vector and did not exist in the genome of @entity7682 . The protease activity was measured using the Protease Fluorescent Detection Kit based on the proteolytic hydrolysis of @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-labeled casein-substrate. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that @entity14788 gene would not be able to produce further active subtilisin E. The reduction of protease activity also confirmed the efficacy of the induced mutation in this gene. CONCLUSION: It will therefore be a major challenge for future research to identify and modulate quality control systems of @entity3881 which limit the production of high quality protease- sensitive products such as lipase.

title: Inactivation of XXXX Gene in @entity7682 by Homologus Recombination.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis', 'B. Subtilis']

answer: @entity14788 :: (939313(Tax:224308),Gene) :: ['aprE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of serum biomarkers of @entity55 would facilitate the diagnosis of @entity32 ( @entity32 ) in @entity1641 . HYPOTHESIS: @entity1641 with @entity32 have higher serum concentrations of markers of @entity32 compared to controls. ANIMALS: Twelve @entity1641 with @entity32 and 10 control @entity1641 . METHODS: This was a prospective case-control study. Blood and BALF were collected from @entity1641 with @entity32 and controls. Serum concentration of @entity20635 ( @entity20635 ), @entity20636 , serum amyloid A (SAA) and of the soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) was measured using commercial ELISA tests. RESULTS: @entity1641 with @entity32 had higher serum concentration (log-transformed values) of @entity20635 (mean      SD: 1.773      0.51), @entity20636 (6.657      0.202) and SAA (0.128      0.396) compared to controls (0.942      0.226, 6.38      0.22, -0.398      0.319, respectively; P  <  .01 for all). Furthermore, the concentrations of @entity20635 and @entity20636 combined allowed differentiating the 2 groups ( @entity32 : 8.43      0.564, controls: 7.322      0.249, P  <  .0001) with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% when a cut-off of 7.70 (log value) was employed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: @entity20635 and @entity20636 serum concentrations could be a diagnostic aid in @entity32 . Further studies are necessary to establish the specificity of our findings before they can be applied in everyday practice.

title: Serum XXXX and @entity20636 as Potential Biomarkers for Inflammatory Airway Disease in @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['IAD', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory airway disease']

entities_list: @entity20635 :: ('100066341(Tax:9796)', 'Gene') :: ['SP-D', 'Surfactant protein D', 'surfactant protein D']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

answer: @entity20635 :: (100066341(Tax:9796),Gene) :: ['Surfactant Protein D']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been a general rule to wait with the repair of an obstetric @entity292 for a minimum period of 3 months allowing the @entity1 to become an outcast. In a prospective way an immediate management was studied and antibiotics were not used, all according to basic surgical principles. METHODS: A total of 1716 @entity1 with a @entity292 duration of 3 to 75 days after delivery were treated immediately on presentation by catheter and/or early closure. Instead of antibiotics, a high oral fluid regimen was instituted. The @entity292 were classified according to anatomic and physiologic location in types I, IIAa, IIAb, IIBa, and IIBb, and according to size in small, medium, large, and extensive. The operation became progressively more complicated from type I through type IIBb and from small through extensive. RESULTS: At first attempt 1633 @entity292 (95.2%) were closed and another 57 could be closed at further attempt(s), accounting for a final closure in 1690 @entity1 (98.5%); 264 @entity1 (15.4%) were healed by catheter only. Of these 1690 @entity1 with a closed @entity292 , 1575 (93.2%) were continent and 115 (6.8%) were incontinent. The results as to closure and to continence became progressively worse from type I through type IIBb and from small through extensive. @entity6081 was not noted; postoperative mortality was encountered in 6 @entity1 (0.4%). CONCLUSION: This immediate management proves highly effective in terms of closure and continence and will prevent the @entity1 from becoming an outcast with progressive downgrading medically, socially, and mentally.

title: The immediate management of fresh XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative wound infection']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['obstetric fistulas']


abstract: Advances in the selection and use of drugs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are reviewed. In 1985, the American Heart Association and the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council revised standards and guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiac care. Algorithms were developed for treatment of (1) @entity2224 and pulseless @entity1165 , (2) @entity1165 with pulse, (3) @entity1167 , (4) electromechanical dissociation, (5) paroxysmal @entity4710 , (6) @entity1168 , and (7) @entity1540 . Vasoconstriction, aortic diastolic arterial pressure, and coronary perfusion pressure are the most important determinants of the success of resuscitation. Because coronary perfusion occurs only during diastole, it is essential to maintain an adequate diastolic pressure. Arterial and central venous lines are needed for estimating coronary perfusion pressure, but end-tidal @entity544 measurement appears promising as a noninvasive alternative. Arterial blood gas measurements indicate @entity3945 during CPR, but underlying tissue acidosis persists; venous blood gases appear to provide more useful information. A large catheter in a central vein above the diaphragm is the preferred route for drug administration during CPR, but an antecubital venipuncture site can be used to avoid interrupting CPR. Peak drug concentrations are higher and are achieved sooner with central venous than with peripheral venous injection. The endotracheal route can be used safely for administration of @entity1425 , @entity3303 , or @entity3897 ; an adequate volume (5 or 10 mL) of diluent is needed, and several insufflations should follow instillation. Drug distribution during CPR is greater to the brain and myocardium than to peripheral tissues. @entity1425 is administered to all @entity1 in @entity1167 ; its beneficial effect is due to alpha-mediated vasoconstriction. @entity1425 increases cerebral as well as myocardial blood flow. The currently recommended dose of @entity1425 is 0.5 to 1.0 mg i.v. at five-minute intervals. For endotracheal administration, an initial 1.0-mg dose is recommended, and subsequent doses are determined by @entity1 response. @entity1425 has a beta-adrenergic-stimulating effect that may increase myocardial @entity26 demand, but pure alpha agonists such as @entity2647 , @entity7202 , and @entity6997 have not been found superior to @entity1425 . @entity1425 has not been proven to make @entity2224 more susceptible to direct-current countershock. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Advances in drug therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity6997 :: ('MESH:D008680', 'Chemical') :: ['metaraminol']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3945 :: ('MESH:D000472', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine', 'epinephrine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest', 'asystole']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']


abstract: PURPOSE: Near infrared spectroscopy measures tissue oxygenation even when there is complete cessation of blood flow. We evaluated near infrared spectroscopy to diagnose @entity4115 and blindly compared its accuracy with that of Doppler ultrasound. We also compared it by immunohistochemical evaluation of @entity519 and cell viability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity35 were randomized to 4 groups, including group 1-720-degree unilateral torsion, group 2-360-degree unilateral torsion, group 4-sham operation and group 4-720-degree unilateral torsion followed by surgical torsion reduction at minute 180. Near infrared spectroscopy and Doppler ultrasound were done blindly at minutes 0, 5, 30, 60, 180 and 400. All torsed and contralateral testicles were excised for pathological examination using @entity519 inducible factor-a for @entity519 and the TUNEL test for apoptosis. We compared all groups with the contralateral testis and the sham operated group. RESULTS: All blinded, near infrared spectroscopy measurements correctly identified the torsed testis after minute 5. Median @entity26 saturation in groups 1 and 2 was significantly different compared to that in the sham operated group after minute 5. In group 4 near infrared spectroscopy detected detorsion with the loss of a significant @entity26 saturation difference between the affected and the contralateral testicle after detorsion. At minute 400 median @entity26 saturation in group 4 was not statistically different compared to that in the sham operated group (p = 0.09) but it was significantly different compared to that in groups 1 and 2 (p <0.001). In each torsed testis @entity26 saturation was at least 18.75% lower than in the contralateral testis. In groups 1 and 2 @entity519 inducible factor-a staining in torsed testicles was significantly greater than that in the contralateral organ and the sham operated group. In group 4 @entity519 inducible factor-a staining after detorsion was significantly decreased compared to that in groups 1 and 2. There was no significant difference in the apoptotic index between the experimental and the contralateral testis or the sham operated group. CONCLUSIONS: Near infrared spectroscopy is as effective but quicker than Doppler ultrasound for detecting @entity4115 without a radiologist. Near infrared spectroscopy accurately reveals @entity26 saturation, which is more vital than blood flow, on which Doppler ultrasound focuses.

title: Near infrared spectroscopy to diagnose experimental XXXX : comparison with Doppler ultrasound and immunohistochemical correlation of tissue oxygenation and viability.

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['testicular torsion']

answer: @entity4115 :: (MESH:D013086,Disease) :: ['testicular torsion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is considered one of the most common risk factors for @entity65 . @entity729 ( @entity729 ) is a potential mechanism that explains the association between renal function and cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association between renal function and @entity729 in apparently healthy Korean subjects. METHODS: A total of 23,617 @entity1 in a health-screening program at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital were included in the study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was assessed using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) was measured via multidetector computed tomography. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the @entity740 Staging system with eGFR grade: stage 1, eGFR >= 90 mL/min/1.73 m(2); stage 2, eGFR 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m(2); and stage 3, eGFR 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m(2). RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 41.4 years and the mean eGFR was 103.6  21.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2). @entity101 and @entity6 were noted in 43.7% and 5.5% of the @entity1 , respectively. eGFR showed a weakly negative but significant association with CACS in bivariate correlation analysis (r=-0.076, P<0.01). Mean CACS significantly increased from @entity740 stage 1 to 3. The proportion of subjects who had @entity729 significantly increased from @entity740 stage 1 to 3. Although the odds ratio for @entity729 significantly increased from stage 1 to 3 after adjustment for confounding factors, this significance was reversed when age was included in the model. CONCLUSION: In early @entity740 , renal function negatively correlated with the degree of @entity729 in Korean subjects. Age was the strongest effector for this association.

title: Age Is the Strongest Effector for the Relationship between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and XXXX in Apparently Healthy Korean Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Calcification']


abstract: Degradation of the fungicide @entity25200 - @entity5498 (TM) by Enterobacter sp. TDS-1 and Bacillus sp. TDS-2 isolated from sandy soil previously treated with TM was studied in mineral salt medium (MSM) and soil. Both strains were able to grow in MSM supplemented with TM (50 mg l(-1)) as the sole @entity505 source. Over a 16 days incubation period, 60 and 77% of the initial dose of TM were degraded by strains TDS-1 and TDS-2, respectively, and disappearance of TM was described by first-order kinetics. Medium supplementation with @entity413 markedly stimulated bacterial growth; while the final rate of TM degradation was reduced by 21 and 27% for strains TDS-1 and TDS-2, respectively as compared to medium with TM only. Moreover, this additional @entity505 source changed the TM degradation kinetics, which proceeded according to a zero-order model. This effect was linked to substrate competition and/or a strong decrease of medium pH. Isolates degraded TM (100 mg kg(-1)) in soil with rate constants of 0.186 and 0.210 day(-1), following first-order rate kinetics, and the time in which the initial TM concentration was reduced by 50% (DT50) in soils inoculated with strains TDS-1 and TDS-2 were 6.3 and 5.1 days, respectively. Analysis of TM degradation products in soil showed that the tested strains may have the potential to transform @entity9454 (MBC) to @entity25201 (2-AB), and may be useful for a bioremediation of MBC-polluted soils.

title: Biodegradation kinetics of the benzimidazole fungicide @entity25200 - XXXX by bacteria isolated from loamy sand soil.

entities_list: @entity25200 :: ('MESH:D013875', 'Chemical') :: ['thiophanate']

entities_list: @entity25201 :: ('MESH:C027391', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminobenzimidazole']

entities_list: @entity9454 :: ('MESH:C006698', 'Chemical') :: ['carbendazim']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5498 :: (CHEBI:32875,Chemical) :: ['methyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of semirigid ureteroscopy in the management of ureteral stones located in different parts of the ureter. METHODS: 1,503 @entity1 were treated with semirigid ureteroscopy. All ureteral stones were either removed only by a basket catheter or disintegrated by pneumatic lithotripsy. Success rates, auxiliary procedures, complication rates and operation time were comparatively evaluated according to stone location. RESULTS: Overall, mean stone size and age were 12.1 +/- 3.7 mm and 43.2 +/- 9.72 years, respectively. While 1,416 @entity1 (94.2%) were completely stone-free, the procedure was unsuccessful in 87 cases (5.8%). The success rate was relatively low in the proximal ureter (71.7%) when compared with the mid (94.8%) and distal ureter (98.9%) (p = 0.021). Mean operation time was 25.4 +/- 11.7 min. Longer duration of operation and higher complication rate were found in proximal @entity1607 . Stone migration to the kidney and @entity811 were the main reasons of failure in the proximal ureter and ureteral stenting was needed for 56.4% of @entity1 with @entity1901 . CONCLUSIONS: Semirigid ureteroscopy can be the treatment of choice in lower and midureteral stones. However, it is an invasive and less successful treatment modality for proximal ureteral stones with relatively high complication rates.

title: Treatment of XXXX with semirigid ureteroscopy: where should we stop?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['upper ureteral stone']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculi']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['ureteral calculi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is widely assumed that apoptosis of eosinophils is a central component of resolution of allergic @entity1030 . However, this has not been demonstrated in @entity1 allergic airways in vivo. Based on animal in vivo observations we hypothesised that @entity134 -induced resolution of @entity1 airway @entity32 involves inhibition of @entity5737 ( @entity5737 ), a CC-chemokine regulating eosinophil and lymphocyte traffic, and elimination of eosinophils without evident occurrence of apoptotic eosinophils in the diseased tissue. OBJECTIVE: To determine mucosal @entity1712 , apoptotic eosinophils, general cell apoptosis and cell proliferation, and expression of @entity5737 and @entity14700 (eotaxin) in @entity1 allergic airway tissues in vivo at resolution of established symptomatic @entity32 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with intermittent (birch and/or grass) @entity2023 received daily nasal allergen challenges for two seven days' periods separated by more than two weeks washout. Five days into these "artificial pollen seasons", nasal treatment with @entity4184 was instituted and continued for six days in a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, and crossover design. This report is a parallel group comparison of nasal biopsy histochemistry data obtained on the final day of the second treatment period. RESULTS: Treatments were instituted when clinical @entity2490 symptoms had been established. Compared to placebo, @entity4184 reduced tissue @entity1712 , and subepithelial more than epithelial @entity1712 . @entity134 treatment also attenuated tissue expression of @entity5737 , but @entity14700 was not reduced. General tissue cell apoptosis and epithelial cell proliferation were reduced by @entity4184 . However, apoptotic eosinophils were not detected in any biopsies, irrespective of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of @entity5737 -dependent recruitment of cells to diseased airway tissue, and reduced cell proliferation, reduced general cell apoptosis, but not increased eosinophil apoptosis, are involved in early phase steroid-induced resolution of @entity1 @entity2023 .

title: Early phase resolution of mucosal XXXX in @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic inflammation']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1 @entity650 (rhIL-6) is a pluripotent cytokine with proinflammatory, antitumor, and growth factor effects. Clinical investigations of rhIL-6 either alone as immunotherapy or as a colony-stimulating factor in conjunction with chemotherapy have shown a dose-dependent, rapid onset, and largely reversible decrease in venous hematocrit levels. In an effort to determine the mechanism for the rhIL-6-associated @entity417 , we measured red blood cell volume serially in @entity1 receiving rhIL-6 at either 30 micrograms/kg/day as a 120-hour continuous intravenous infusion ( @entity1358 ) or 100 micrograms/kg/d intravenously over 1 hour for 5 days ( @entity320 ) as part of two separate phase II trials. Radioisotope dilution assays with 51Cr-labeled autologous red blood cells and @entity2142 screens were performed on day 1 before the initiation of therapy and on day 5 shortly before the end of therapy. In the 6 @entity1 studied, the mean decrease in hemoglobin concentration was 1.9 +/- 0.94 g/dL. The mean decrease in the hematocrit level was 6% +/- 2% and the mean increase in total blood volume was 731 +/- 337 mL. These changes were explained by a mean decrease in red blood mass of 106 +/- 109 mL and a mean increase in plasma volume of 743 +/- 289 mL. The decrease in red blood cell mass was largely explained by phlebotomy during the hospitalization, but was not statistically significant (paired t-test, P = .06). All other changes were statistically significant (P < .05). Simple regression analysis indicated that the decrease in hematocrit level and increase in plasma volume were related (y = -1.78 - .0066X; R = -.74). Measurements of @entity880 dehydrogenase, @entity648 , @entity2104 , and reticulocyte counts and serial stool hemoccults did not indicate @entity2142 or @entity190 . We conclude that the @entity417 caused by @entity650 is caused by an increase in plasma volume.

title: XXXX -associated @entity417 : determination of the underlying mechanism.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-6']


abstract: Microsatellite polymorphisms are playing an increasingly vital role in primatological research, and are particularly useful for paternity exclusion in both wild and captive populations. Although @entity3176 ( @entity3176 ) are commonly studied in both settings, few previous studies have utilized microsatellite markers for assessing genetic variation in this species. In a pilot project to assess paternity in the UCLA-VA @entity3176 Research Colony (VMRC), we screened 55 commercially available @entity1 microsatellite markers chosen from a panel of 370 that have been shown to be polymorphic in @entity6599 ( @entity6599 ). Using a standard PCR protocol, 43 (78%) loci produced amplifiable product. Of these, 14 were polymorphic and 11 were genotyped in 51 individuals, including 19 offspring and 14 potential sires. The average heterozygosity across the 11 loci was.719. In all 19 paternity cases all but one male was excluded as the true sire at two or more loci. This includes successfully distinguishing between two maternal half-sib brothers who were potential sires in most of the paternity cases. Given that the colony is descended from 54 wild-caught founders trapped between 1975 and 1987 from an introduced population on St. Kitts, West Indies, these values imply high microsatellite variability in natural @entity8896 populations. Our results provide a panel of markers derived from the @entity1 genome that is suitable for assessing genetic variation and paternity in vervets.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX microsatellite loci for assessing paternity in a captive colony of vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['vervet monkeys', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Vervet Monkey']

entities_list: @entity6599 :: ('9557', 'Species') :: ['baboons', 'Papio hamadryas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) seen at a single institution, and assess the response to chemotherapy in these @entity1 , as well as those collected from a literature review. @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical, pathologic, and immunophenotypic features of 10 cases of @entity5642 diagnosed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital since 1977 were studied. Follow-up information was obtained in each case by consultation with the treating physician. In addition, cases of @entity5642 reported previously in which @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy and for which follow-up data were available at the time of publication were reviewed. RESULTS: In the present series of 10 cases, the most common clinical features were @entity221 of unknown origin (FUO), mental status changes, and @entity1910 . Diagnostic specimens were obtained from a variety of sources, including brain, skin, prostate, liver, kidney, and gallbladder. All of the four @entity1 treated with combination chemotherapy are alive and two have achieved long-term survival (48 and 45 months, respectively); the remaining two are alive and in complete remission (CR) after short follow-up duration of 6 months. Among 35 @entity1 reported in the literature who received chemotherapy (including four from this series), 43% attained a CR and were free of disease at the time of publication. None of the three @entity1 in our series who received localized therapy (surgery with or without radiation therapy) is alive (mean survival duration, 9 months). For the three @entity1 diagnosed at postmortem examination, the mean interval between onset of symptoms and @entity204 was 3 months, and disease was widespread. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity5642 represents a high-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) with a propensity for systemic dissemination, and that CR and long-term survival may result in @entity1 treated with aggressive combination chemotherapy.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases and assessment of response to chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVL', 'intravascular lymphomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['Intravascular lymphomatosis']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity6437 is a spindle cell proliferation of disputed nosology, with a distinctive fibroinflammatory and even @entity12520 . Although the lung is the best known and most common site, @entity5 occurs in diverse extrapulmonary locations. We report our experience with 84 cases occurring in the soft tissues and viscera of 48 female @entity1 and 36 male @entity1 between the ages of 3 months and 46 years (mean, 9.7 years; median, 9 years). A mass, @entity221 , @entity353 , @entity158 , and site-specific symptoms were the presenting complaints. @entity854 included @entity417 , @entity1148 , @entity4754 , and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Sites of involvement included abdomen, retroperitoneum, or pelvis (61 cases); head and neck, including upper respiratory tract (12 cases); trunk (8 cases); and extremities (3 cases). The lesions ranged in size from 1 to 17 cm (mean, 6.4; median, 6.0). Excision was performed in 69 cases. Eight had biopsy only. Five @entity1 received chemotherapy or radiation in addition to undergoing biopsy or resection as initial treatment. Sixteen @entity1 had multinodular masses involving one region. Clinical follow-up in 53 cases revealed that 44 @entity1 were alive with no evidence of disease, four were alive with @entity5 , and five were dead. Thirteen @entity1 had one or more recurrences at intervals of 1-24 months (mean, 6 months; median, 10 months). No distant @entity3 were documented. The five @entity1 who died had complications either due to the location of the lesion (heart, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, or mesentery) or related to treatment ( @entity1071 following hepatic transplantation; @entity295 following wound @entity281 ). The abdominal masses were the largest. All @entity5 were firm and white with infiltrative borders and focal myxoid change. Three basic histologic patterns were recognized: (a) myxoid, vascular, and inflammatory areas resembling @entity4383 ; (b) compact spindle cells with intermingled inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils) resembling @entity82 ; and (c) dense plate-like collagen resembling a desmoid or scar. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity for @entity2277 , muscle-specific actin, smooth muscle actin, and cytokeratin consistent with myofibroblasts. Based on this series, @entity5 is a benign, nonmetastasizing proliferation of myofibroblasts with a potential for recurrence and persistent local growth, similar in some respects to the @entity81 .

title: Extrapulmonary XXXX ( @entity6437 ). A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 84 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'tumors', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity12520 :: ('MESH:C535655', 'Disease') :: ['pseudosarcomatous appearance']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatoses']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor']


abstract: Elevated plasma high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) levels are associated with a decreased risk for @entity301 . Ironically, diets enriched in saturated fat and @entity165 (HF/HC diets), which tend to accelerate @entity731 processes by increasing LDL @entity165 levels, also raise HDL-C. We have recently reported, using a @entity1 @entity1675 (hapoA-1) transgenic @entity19 model, that the elevation of HDL-C by a HF/HC diet is attributable, in part, to an increase in the hepatic production of hapoA-1. To further define the hepatocellular processes associated with this induction, we have prepared primary hepatocytes from hapoA-1 @entity19 . Rates of hapoA-1 secretion were 40% greater from cells prepared from animals fed the HF/HC relative to a low fat-low @entity165 (LF/LC) control diet. The abundance of hapoA-1 mRNA in these cells was similar between hepatocytes prepared from the HF/HC and LF/LC diet fed animals, suggesting a post-transcriptional mechanism that does not involve mRNA stability. Inhibition of secretion using @entity10613 revealed an increase in cellular hapoA-1 accumulation. Thus, the HF/HC diet apparently affects hepatic hapoA-1 production via a mechanism that is manifest prior to the exit of newly synthesized hapoA-1 from the Golgi. Pulse-chase experiments revealed a 39% greater peak hapoA-1 synthesis, with no difference in the degradation of total labeled hapoA-1 protein, as a result of the HF/HC diet feeding. Finally, resolution of liver S10 extracts via @entity969 density sedimentation and metrizamide density equilibrium gradient centrifugation analyses both revealed similar increases (31 and 24%, respectively) in the relative percentage of hapoA-1 mRNA associated with the translating polysomal fractions as a result of the HF/HC feeding. Together, these data suggest that the HF/HC diet affects hepatic hapoA-1 production via a specific modulation in the relative amount of hapoA-1 mRNA in the polysomal pool. These observations provide an opportunity to explore a new mechanism regulating @entity19395 production and might lead to the development of novel therapies to elevate plasma HDL-C levels.

title: Dietary fat elevates hepatic @entity19395 production by increasing the fraction of XXXX mRNA in the translating pool.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity10613 :: ('MESH:D020126', 'Chemical') :: ['brefeldin A']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19395 :: (11806(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']


abstract: A 64-year-old Japanese @entity1 who was diagnosed as having @entity385 at an early clinical stage was found to have @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ). A decrease of leukocytes and lymphocytes had been detected in the previous year. During a total clinical course of 11 months, he showed marked depletion of lymphocytes ranging from 264/microL to 459/microL. Autopsy disclosed no underlying diseases such as @entity5 or @entity378 . @entity7578 were seen in the cerebral white matter. Small perivascular cuffs comprising many CD8+ T lymphocytes and a few CD4+ T cells were scattered in the @entity7578 . @entity2225 + B cells were rarely evident. The subsets of the infiltrating lymphocytes differed from those of primary or spontaneous @entity7578 . Similar extensive @entity7578 were observed not only in the cerebellum and brainstem but also in the spinal cord. All 26 segments of the spinal cord, especially the cervical, lumbar and sacral cord, showed extensive lesions involving the lateral and anterior columns. To our knowledge, only three cases of @entity7578 with such extensive @entity602 have been reported previously. These three cases, and the present one, may represent a group of @entity7578 that shows extensive lesions in the spinal cord as well as the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. The underlying disease in the present case was unclear. Because @entity2905 is not observed in primary or spontaneous @entity7578 , and the immunohistochemical findings of the infiltrating lymphocytes in the present case are different from primary or spontaneous @entity7578 , the decrease in his total blood lymphocytes may have played a significant role in his immunosuppressed condition as the underlying disease.

title: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy showing extensive @entity602 in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarcts']

entities_list: @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['Extensive PML lesions', 'PML lesions', 'progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'PML']

answer: @entity2905 :: (MESH:D008231,Disease) :: ['lymphocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on symptomatic @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: By prospective multi-centered randomized controlled design, 93 @entity1 with @entity1067 were assigned to two groups, 47 in the EA group treated by EA, and 46 in the control group treated by @entity7477 2 mg taken orally once every evening. EA was applied on acupoints Zhongliao (BL33) and Huiyang (BL35), for 30 min, once every two days. The total treatment period was 4 weeks for them all. The indexes for efficacy evaluation were the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), the urinary symptom bother score (BS), the maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), the @entity41 ( @entity41 ), and the size of prostate gland. And the times of difficulties for holding urine in 24 h (HU) and the times of night-urinating (NU) were recorded as well. RESULTS: The trial was completed in 91 @entity1 . After 4 weeks of treatment, the IPSS lowered, Qmax increased, @entity41 decreased, BS score reduced, times of HU and NU lessened in both groups (P <0.01). However, comparisons between groups showed that the improvement of IPSS (6.52 +/- 0.41 vs 2.69 +/- 0.36, P < 0.01), Qmax (4.71 +/- 0.70 vs 1.75 +/- 0.55, P =0.001) and @entity41 (44.79 +/- 9.73 vs 16.97 +/- 4.75, P =0.012) was more significant in the EA group than in the control group respectively, but the size of prostate gland after treatment was not different between groups. CONCLUSION: EA at Zhongliao and Huiyin points can markedly improve the symptoms of difficult urination in mild or moderate @entity1 with @entity1067 , increase their Qmax and reduce @entity41 . Its efficacy is better than that of @entity7477 .

title: [Efficacy of electroacupuncture in treating 93 XXXX with @entity1067 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'post-voided residual urine volume']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The treatment of @entity785 remains therapeutically challenging. Until just recently, no disease-modifying intervention was proved to be effective. Over the past year, much effort has gone into setting up proposals for outcome measures and response criteria in clinical trials. Several intervention studies were published. @entity11894 was found to be ineffective in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Possible efficacy for antithymocyte globulin was suggested in two small open studies, and the dispute about the use of extracorporeal photopheresis continues. The results of another open trial of @entity1499 showed improvement of skin involvement in the majority of @entity1 , and attention was drawn to the nephrotoxic side effects of @entity205 . Combination therapy with @entity786 and low-dose corticosteroids seems promising for improving pulmonary function in @entity2631 @entity1 with progressive lung involvement. Iloprost was shown to be superior to placebo in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to @entity2631 . Anecdotal data indicate a possible beneficial effect of @entity2390 treatment in pseudoobstruction intestinalis due to @entity2631 .

title: Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity11894 :: ('MESH:D010129', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminobenzoate potassium']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: The translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35), discovered in @entity5823 + anaplastic large cell (ALC) @entity706 , creates a potentially oncogenic fusion gene, part of which is contributed by a novel @entity669 kinase, @entity7041 . Absence of @entity7041 expression from normal hematolymphoid cells provides a basis for the morphologic assessment of t(2;5). The distribution of the t(2;5) in @entity2108 and @entity978 ( @entity978 ), as assayed by nonmorphologic methods, is controversial. We used in situ hybridization and/or immunohistology to show @entity7041 gene products in 85 @entity2108 , 82 @entity978 cases, 40 other lymphoproliferations, as well as in 6 @entity978 - and 4 @entity2108 -derived cell lines. @entity7041 gene products were restricted to t(2;5)-positive @entity2108 cell lines and @entity5 cells of 16 primary non-B cell, common-type @entity2108 . These were mainly from young @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity7041 expression was not detectable in any other specimen, including all cases of @entity978 and @entity978 -like type @entity2108 as well as @entity2108 . Full congruence was noted for labeling results obtained with both methods. In agreement with cytogenetic analyses, but at variance with recently published studies, @entity7041 gene expression distinguishes a subset of @entity2108 from other @entity5823 + @entity706 , including @entity978 . The results do not support concepts attributing a significant role to the t(2;5) in the development of @entity978 .

title: @entity7041 gene products in anaplastic large cell @entity706 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial lymphonodal disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['ALC lymphoma', 'secondary ALC lymphomas', 'ALC lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: To study the role of cell-mediated immunity in chronic @entity1956 (cHB) we have cloned T cells from liver biopsies of 14 @entity1 with cHB. As a first step, T cell lines were established from lymphocytes infiltrating the liver by culturing the biopsied specimens with autologous feeder cells and @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ). Fifty-eight clones obtained by limiting dilution showed phenotypic stability over periods of 2-26 weeks. Of the 58 clones 50 were of the "cytotoxic/suppressor" T cell subset ( @entity405 ) as defined by the monoclonal antibody T811. Only 8 of 58 clones were of the "helper/inducer" phenotype ( @entity404 ) as defined by the monoclonal antibody T151. Functional studies on 9 clones (7 of @entity405 + phenotype, 2 of @entity404 + phenotype) revealed high cytotoxic activity of all of these clones in a lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay reflecting the killing capacity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. All 9 clones lacked significant natural killer activity, while two additional @entity405 + clones that also expressed the VEP13 antigen showed significant natural killer activity. For none of the clones tested could killer cell activity (ADCC) be demonstrated. The studies demonstrate that the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes from liver biopsies of @entity1 with cHB in the absence of detectable antigen is possible. The propagation of in vivo activated cytolytic T lymphocytes points to an active role of these cells in the pathogenesis of this disease.

title: Cytolytic T cell clones derived from liver tissue of XXXX with chronic @entity1956 .

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG) is an important component in @entity6 management, helping @entity1 to achieve and maintain normal blood @entity413 levels. The benefit of SMBG depends on the quality of the measurement performed. Therefore, it is important to know the factors affecting the measurements and to assure that the quality of SMBG measurements is at the highest achievable level possible. To accomplish this, all aspects of the measurement procedure need to be taken into consideration. Sources of variability can be related to the monitor itself, its calibration and use, including blood collection. Improving the variability caused by each source requires specifically designed and targeted efforts. Variability related to the monitor can be assessed in studies that minimize other sources of variability. Variability related to monitor calibration can be assessed and minimized through harmonization or standardization programs, while variability related to the use of the monitors can be addressed through @entity1 -oriented assessment and training. The latter may follow procedures similar to external quality assessment (EQA) programs used in clinical laboratory medicine. However, to obtain an optimal impact on @entity1 care, such programs need to have a wide reach and the social and cultural competency to work efficiently with all @entity1 . The EQA approach or approaches that would provide the most benefit to the @entity1 remain to be determined.

title: Approaches for improving @entity413 monitor measurements for self-monitoring of blood XXXX : from measurement harmonization to external quality assessment programs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: To verify whether rectal distention at the time of planning impacts outcomes in @entity1 with @entity263 treated with daily image guidance. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1998 and 2002, a total of 488 @entity263 @entity1 were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The radiation dose was 70 Gy delivered at 2.5 Gy per fraction in all cases. All cases were treated with a 4-mm margin posteriorly. In all cases the total rectal volume documented on the CT scan was used for treatment planning. No special bowel preparation instructions were given, either for the simulation or the daily treatments. Before each daily treatment, alignment of the prostate was performed with the B-mode acquisition and targeting (BAT) transabdominal ultrasound system. The median follow-up for all 488 @entity1 was 60 months (range, 24-96 months). RESULTS: For all @entity1 the biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) rate at 5 years was 86%. The 5-year bRFS rate for the rectal distention<50 cm3, 50 to <100 cm3, and >or=100 cm3 groups was 90%, 83%, and 85%, respectively (p=0.18). To adjust for other potential variables affecting bRFS rates, a multivariate time-to-failure analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was performed. Rectal distention was not an independent predictor of biochemical failure on multivariate analysis (p=0.80). Rectal distention was not a predictor of @entity137 . CONCLUSION: The use of daily image guidance eliminates errors such as rectal distention at the initial planning stage that can affect outcomes after radiotherapy for @entity263 .

title: Impact of image guidance on outcomes after external beam radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['rectal or urinary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In developing countries where systemic antifungal are often unavailable, treatment of @entity281 as Fusarium is sometimes very difficult to treat. We report the case of a keratomycosis due to @entity4278 treated by @entity4279 eye drops and oral @entity2380 . The diagnosis of @entity733 was retained after ophthalmological examination for a 28-year-old @entity1 with no previous @entity66 , addressed to the Ophthalmological clinic at the University Hospital Le Dantec in Dakar for a left @entity3856 with decreased visual acuity lasting for 15days. The @entity1 did not receive any foreign body into the eye. Samples by corneal scraping were made for microbiological analysis and the @entity1 was hospitalized and treated with a reinforced eye drops based treatment ( @entity2756 + @entity801 ). The mycological diagnosis revealed the presence of a mold: @entity4278 , which motivated the replacement of the initial treatment by eye drops containing iodized @entity4280 solution at 1  % because of the @entity2379 unavailability. Due to the threat of @entity227 , oral @entity2380 was added to the local treatment with eye drops @entity4279 . The outcome was favorable with a healing abscess and visual acuity amounted to 1/200th. Furthermore, we noted sequels such as @entity2070 . The vulgarization of efficient topical antifungal in developing countries would be necessary to optimize @entity364 treatment.

title: [Keratomycosis due to XXXX treated with the combination @entity4279 eye drops and oral @entity2380 ].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmological disease']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['filamentous fungi infection']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum', 'F.  oxysporum']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['pannus and pillowcase']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess in the cornea']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['painful red eye']

answer: @entity4278 :: (5507,Species) :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']


abstract: Esophageal varices may cause life-threatening @entity548 with attendant high hospital cost. Since effective preventive modalities for @entity548 have been established, early detection of esophageal varices is critical for prevention of @entity548 . Currently, endoscopic screening is widely recommended to @entity1 who have the diagnosis of @entity82 . However, the diagnosis of @entity82 relies on histological evaluations, which is costly and invasive, and endoscopic screening also burdens medical resources. Recent cost-effectiveness studies suggested that empiric prophylaxis with beta-blockers may be viable in comparison with endoscopic screening in @entity1 with @entity82 . However, this issue need to be also evaluated taking account of societal and @entity1 perspectives and is not yet decided. An accurate non-invasive diagnostic model to predict the presence of esophageal varices may reduce unnecessary endoscopic procedures and prophylactic medication and improve cost-benefit of these approaches. Use of an accurate serum marker for severe @entity1575 may also improve accuracy of non-invasive diagnostic models. Hyaluronic acid, a serum marker for severe @entity1575 , has been reported to have a high diagnostic performance in assessing the severity of @entity1575 in @entity1 with @entity5881 . In this issue, a non-invasive diagnostic model including hyaluronic acid was shown to have excellent performance in excluding the presence of medium to large esophageal varices in severe @entity167 abusers. Based on current evidence, the strategy of using a non-invasive diagnostic model together with a serum marker for severe @entity1575 may improve cost-benefit in the prevention of @entity548 among @entity1 with @entity5881 . The independent verification of such diagnostic models is needed.

title: Diagnostic model of esophageal varices in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2463 ( @entity2463 ) have a prevalence of around 1 in 2500 live births. In around 50% of @entity1 , the @entity600 is isolated, while in the remainder it arises within the context of @entity74 or a @entity74 . Recent studies have implicated rare copy number variations (CNVs) in both isolated and nonisolated @entity2463 , and identified plausible candidate genes. METHODS: In the present study, array-based molecular karyotyping was performed to identify causative CNVs in 32 sporadic @entity2463 @entity1 with comorbid @entity3002 (CNS). This phenotype was selected to enrich for rare CNVs, since previous research has implicated rare CNVs in both @entity3002 and @entity2463 . RESULTS: In five @entity1 , a probable disease-causing @entity471 was identified (del6q14.3q16.3, del14q32.2, del17q12q21.2, and two @entity1 with del22q11.21). In three of these @entity1 , the CNVs were de novo. For the remaining two @entity1 , no parental DNA was available. Deletions at 22q11.21 and 6q14.3 have been associated with both @entity3002 and @entity2463 . In contrast, deletions at 14q32.2 have only been described in @entity1 with @entity3002 , and the del17q12q21.2 is a novel @entity471 . Expression studies in @entity19 suggest that @entity14932 and @entity14933 , which reside within the newly identified del17q12q21.2 region, are candidate genes for the formation of @entity4242 and @entity2463 . CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that CNVs are a frequent cause of the @entity2463 with @entity3002 phenotype, and that array-analysis is indicated in such @entity1 . @entity600 Research (Part A) 103:235-242, 2015.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Genome-wide mapping of copy number variations in XXXX with both @entity3002 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['CNS abnormalities', 'abnormalities of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['ARM', 'Anorectal malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['defined genetic syndrome', 'complex genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment of @entity3799 using a relatively novel type of cage, to assess the association between changes in cervical spine curvature and @entity158 intensity as well as quality of life, to assess how often implants of different sizes were applied, and to analyze statistically the occurrence of surgical procedures performed on each spinal level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 30 @entity1 (19 [63%] @entity1 and 11 [37%] @entity1 ), with a mean age of 48.8 years. Clinical assessment included, among other things, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for @entity4048 index ( @entity717 ). In addition to these questionnaires, each @entity1 was neurologically examined pre- and postoperatively as well as during the follow-up visits one and three months after surgery. Radiological evaluation consisted of measurements of general and local @entity1515 of the cervical spine based on radiographs. RESULTS: Fifty-two cages were used during surgical procedures in the studied group of @entity1 . Cages of seven out of ten different available sizes were used. Oblique cages (for @entity1515 correction) sized 4/6 mm (68%) and 5/7 mm (12%) were most often used. Implants of three sizes (8 mm, 10 mm, 7/9 mm) were not used. Surgical procedures most commonly involved levels @entity11036 (39%) and @entity21495 (33%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of @entity3799 with DERO C-Disc PEEK cages improved @entity16 of @entity1 , @entity158 , improved quality of life and restored pathologically changed lordotic curvature of the cervical spine to near normal values. In the analyzed group of @entity1 no significant correlations between changes in cervical spine curvature (general and local @entity1515 ) and intensity of @entity158 (VAS) as well as quality of life ( @entity717 ) were observed.

title: Evaluation of outcome after surgical treatment of XXXX with DERO C-Disc PEEK cages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['pain and the neck disability']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical disc disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreased pain']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervical disc disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ileocaecal resection (ICR) is common in @entity30 . @entity32 and @entity82 frequently recur at the site of @entity254 or in the @entity22789 ( @entity22789 ). No animal models of @entity32 and @entity82 exist. A model of ICR was developed in @entity1618 ( @entity1618 ) null and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 to test the hypothesis that ICR promotes @entity32 and @entity82 in the @entity22789 or @entity254 of genetically susceptible @entity1618 null, but not @entity164 or germ-free (GF)- @entity1618 null @entity19 . METHODS: GF- @entity1618 null @entity19 were conventionalised (CONV) and 3 weeks later randomised to ICR, transection (T) or no treatment (NoTx). Age-matched conventionally raised (CONV) @entity164 and GF- @entity1618 null @entity19 received ICR, T or NoTx. Animals were killed 28 days later. Histological scoring, real-time PCR for @entity5 necrosis factor alpha and collagen, and immunostaining for @entity5168 (+) T cells assessed @entity32 and @entity82 . RESULTS: After ICR, CONV- @entity1618 null, but not CONV- @entity164 @entity19 , developed significant @entity32 and @entity82 in the @entity22789 and @entity32 in @entity254 compared with NoTx or T controls. @entity82 occurred in the @entity254 of both CONV- @entity1618 null and CONV- @entity164 @entity19 following ICR. GF- @entity1618 null @entity19 developed little or no @entity32 or @entity82 in the @entity22789 or @entity254 after ICR. CONCLUSIONS: ICR in CONV- @entity1618 null @entity19 provides a new animal model of @entity32 and @entity82 in the @entity22789 and @entity254 . Absence of @entity32 and @entity82 in the @entity22789 of CONV- @entity164 and GF- @entity1618 null @entity19 following ICR indicates that postsurgical @entity29 occurs only in genetically susceptible @entity1618 null @entity19 and is bacteria dependent.

title: A new animal model of @entity32 and XXXX : the effect of commensal microflora.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation', 'postsurgical inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity22789 :: ('MESH:C538260', 'Disease') :: ['SI', 'small intestine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Long-term survival after development of @entity358 is considered unusual. However, modern chemotherapy can result in surprising stability or only gradual progression of @entity189 . We evaluated the course of radiographic findings in 10 @entity1 with @entity102 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 met our criterion of having @entity189 for at least 6 months. The @entity5 was a @entity0 in six cases, the ovary in two, the pancreas in one, and the skin in one. Serial radiographs (all cases) and CT scans (eight cases) were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Survival with @entity189 ranged from 11 to 30 months (median, 13 months). With chemotherapy, the radiographic abnormalities and pulmonary symptoms initially regressed in six @entity1 , progressed in two, and remained unchanged in two; the radiographic findings of @entity189 were progressing at the time of @entity204 in four @entity1 . All @entity1 had periods of at least 4 months of relative stability or slow progression of @entity358 . Serial transbronchial biopsies in one case confirmed persistent @entity189 despite therapy, and autopsy disclosed persistent @entity5 in two others. CONCLUSION: Stability or slow progression of radiographic findings can occur in some @entity1 with @entity189 . Therefore, chronicity of radiographic findings should not be taken as evidence against @entity189 as the cause of an @entity401 in a @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: XXXX : chronicity of radiographic findings in long-term survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor', 'lymphangitic tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangitic carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphangitic carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis', 'pulmonary radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial abnormality']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although it is highly recommended to use a multifaceted approach to treat @entity2411 ( @entity2411 ), the large majority of treatment studies on @entity2411 used a one-dimensional approach. AIM: To evaluate the long-term treatment outcome of a multifaceted approach to @entity158 , sexual functioning, @entity458 , and relational sexual satisfaction in @entity1 with @entity2411 . METHODS: Retrospective questionnaire survey 3-7 years after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sexual functioning, @entity458 , and relational sexual satisfaction were measured using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS), and the Dutch Relationship Questionnaire (NRV), respectively. An additional questionnaire assessed socio-demographic variables, intercourse resumption, and the level to which the @entity1 would recommend the treatment to other @entity1 with @entity2411 . Post-treatment @entity158 scores were obtained using a visual analog scale (VAS). Pretreatment scores were reported in retrospect on a separate VAS. RESULTS: The questionnaires were completed by 64 out of 70 @entity1 (91%). Mean follow-up was 5 years (range 3-7). Comparison of the mean pretreatment and post-treatment VAS scores showed a significant @entity158 . @entity158 reduction was reported by 52 @entity1 (81%), whereas no change and @entity158 increase were reported by 7 @entity1 (11%) and 5 @entity1 (8%), respectively. Post-treatment, 80% of the @entity1 had resumed intercourse. Only 5 @entity1 (8%) reported @entity158 -free intercourse. Comparisons with age-related FSFI and FSDS Dutch norm data showed that scores for sexual functioning in the study group were significantly lower, while scores for @entity458 were significantly higher. There were no significant differences in relational sexual satisfaction ratings between the study group and the NRV Dutch norm data. CONCLUSION: These retrospective data on long-term treatment outcome support the hypothesis that a multifaceted approach to @entity2411 can lead to substantial improvements in @entity158 and the resumption of intercourse.

title: Long-term results of an individualized, multifaceted, and multidisciplinary therapeutic approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'provoked vestibulodynia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexually related personal distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'reduction in vulvar pain', 'pain', 'completely pain', 'vulvar pain']

answer: @entity2411 :: (MESH:D056650,Disease) :: ['provoked vestibulodynia']


abstract: Lymphangiogenesis, the growth of new lymph vessels, has important roles in both normal and pathological lymphatic function. Despite recent advances, the precise molecular mechanisms behind the lymphangiogenic process remain unclear. The Australian marbled gecko, Christinus marmoratus, voluntarily drops its tail (autotomy) as a predator avoidance strategy. Following autotomy a new tail is regenerated including lymphatic drainage pathways. We examined the molecular control of lymphangiogenesis within the unique model of the regenerating gecko tail. Partial sequences were obtained of the gecko lymphangiogenic growth factors, @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) and @entity9205 along with their receptor @entity7802 . These were highly homologous to other vertebrates. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated up-regulation of @entity9961 , @entity9205 and @entity7802 mRNA expression during the early and middle stages of tail regeneration (between 4 and 9  weeks following autotomy), in late regeneration (12  weeks) and during mid-regeneration (7 and 9  weeks), respectively. @entity9961 and @entity9205 immunostaining was observed lining some @entity3120 in early-mid tail regeneration, indicating possible associations of the proteins with VEGFRs on endothelia. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts also showed positive staining of @entity9961 and @entity9205 in early-mid tail regeneration. Additionally, @entity9961 was localised in adipose tissue in all tail states examined. This work suggests that specific timings exist for the expression of the lymphangiogenic growth factors, @entity9961 and @entity9205 , and their receptor, @entity7802 , throughout the regeneration of a functional lymphatic network. Along with localisation data, this suggests potential functions for the growth factors in lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis throughout tail regeneration.

title: Differential mRNA and tissue expression of lymphangiogenic growth factors (VEGF-C and -D) and their receptor ( XXXX ) during tail regeneration in a gecko.

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic-like and blood vessels']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-C', 'vascular endothelial growth factor C']

answer: @entity7802 :: (2324,Gene) :: ['VEGFR-3']


abstract: Extensive evidence indicates that memory storage can be modulated by peripheral @entity1425 as well as by drugs affecting the muscarinic cholinergic system. Low doses of @entity1425 (Epi) facilitate memory while high doses induce @entity2730 . Retention is enhanced by post-training administration of cholinergic muscarinic agonists and impaired by antagonists. The present experiments examined the interaction of peripheral Epi and cholinergic drugs in memory modulation. Male CFW @entity19 (60 days old) were trained on an inhibitory avoidance response (IA) or a @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ), injected (IP) immediately post-training and tested 24 h later. In the Y-maze task, retention was assessed by discrimination reversal training. Findings obtained in the two tasks were comparable. Epi (IA: 3.0 micrograms/kg; @entity1650 : 30.0 micrograms/kg) potentiated the memory-enhancing effect of low doses of @entity5592 (Otm) (IA: 16; @entity1650 : 5.0 micrograms/kg) and @entity2607 (Phy) (6.8 and 22.0 micrograms/kg for both IA and @entity1650 ). The memory-facilitating effect of Otm (50.0 micrograms/kg) was not blocked by an amnestic dose of Epi (IAT: 0.3 mg/kg; @entity1650 : 1.0 mg/kg). Retention was not affected when these amnestic doses of Epi were administered together with a memory-facilitating dose of Phy (68.0 micrograms/kg). In contrast, @entity3897 (IA: 10.0 mg/kg; @entity1650 : 3.0 mg/kg) completely blocked the facilitatory effect of Epi (IA: 10.0 micrograms/kg; @entity1650 : 300 micrograms/kg). These findings indicate that, when administered in low doses, Epi interacts with Otm and Phy. However, cholinergic drugs can block both the memory-enhancing and the memory-impairing effects of Epi. The findings suggest that Epi may modulate memory through cholinergic systems.

title: Modulation of memory by post-training XXXX : involvement of cholinergic mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['Y-maze discrimination response', 'YMD']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: 1. We have attempted to confirm the existence of a natriuretic hormone released in response to acute expansion of blood volume. 2. Isolated kidneys, perfused with whole blood at constant pressure, were incorporated within an extracorporeal circulation in recipient @entity35 . In six control experiments urine flow rate, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, and the fractional excretion of filtered @entity1372 and water were measured for periods of up to 120-140 min thereafter. The same variables were measured in a further 12 experiments in which, after 63 +/- 11 min, the @entity35 were volume expanded with equilibrated whole blood (15, 18 or 28 ml/kg body wt). 3. On average the controls revealed no change in any of the variables measured; volume expansion was followed by @entity101 and fractional excretion of filtered @entity1372 and water, while the filtration fraction fell. 4. In both the control and volume-expansion experiments, there were 12 instances in which the fractional excretion of filtered @entity1372 increased; in 10 of these, including those experiments in which the natriuresis was most marked, there was a closely correlated fall in filtration fraction. 5. In all the experiments changes in the fractional excretion of filtered @entity1372 and water varied in parallel. 6. We conclude that volume expansion (a) changes the concentration of some circulating vasoactive substance(s) and (b) results in natriuresis and diuresis consequent upon a fall in filtration fraction.

title: Blood-volume expansion in the XXXX : natriuresis accompanied by a fall in filtration fraction.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased renal blood flow']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity18192 encodes the @entity18192 subunit of the @entity13429 ( @entity13429 ), an ionotropic glutamate receptor that has important roles in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Some individuals with early onset @entity302 and @entity717 carry heterozygous missense mutations in this gene, including a de-novo mutation in the receptor pore region ( @entity18192 ( @entity20430 )). We hypothesised that this mutation underlies the carrier's @entity75 and sought to explore its functional consequences. METHODS: We made two-electrode voltage clamp recordings from @entity1238 oocytes expressing GluN1/ @entity18192 ( @entity20430 ) ( @entity20430 ) NMDARs and compared them with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) NMDARs to assess the mutation's effect on potency of inhibition by Mg(2+) and other channel blockers. We then used whole-cell patch-clamping to evaluate @entity13429 -mediated currents in @entity19 primary cortical pyramidal neurons transfected with either @entity18192 ( @entity164 ) or @entity18192 ( @entity20431 ) subunits. Means were compared by use of independent two-tailed t tests. FINDINGS: In oocytes, Mg(2+) (1 mM) block at -60 mV was significantly decreased ( @entity20430 [n=13], mean 5% [SE 8] vs @entity164 [n=15], 89 [4]; p<0  0001). Furthermore, in @entity20430 (n=17) and @entity164 (n=17) oocytes, block by 10  M memantine was also reduced (mean 26% [6] vs 75 [7], p<0  0001) as was block by 100  M amantadine (18% [4] vs 44 [12], p<0  0001). Block by ketamine ( @entity20430 , n=14; @entity164 , n=14) was not significantly affected, whereas block by dextromethorphan was increased ( @entity20430 [n=9], 56% [8] vs @entity164 [n=8], 44 [6]; p=0  003). In @entity20430 (n=10) and @entity164 (n=10) neurons we observed a significant decrease in Mg(2+) sensitivity (49% [18] vs 95 [5], p<0  0001) and a significant decrease in current density (42 pA/pF [19] vs 61 [20], p=0  044). INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that the disease-associated mutation @entity18192 ( @entity20430 ) has substantial effects on @entity13429 inhibition by both endogenous and exogenous channel blockers, and on NMDA current density. It is plausible that these changes underlie the carrier's phenotype. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust via an Edinburgh Clinical Academic Training PhD Fellowship.

title: Effect of a @entity18192 de novo mutation associated with @entity302 and @entity717 on XXXX currents and Mg(2+) block in cultured primary cortical neurons.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity13429 :: (14810(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NMDA receptor']


abstract: Mortality, especially mortality due to suicides, is higher among @entity1 suffering from @entity161 than among the general population. Little is known about the factors predicting the mortality of @entity161 @entity1 . It has also been suggested that mortality among @entity146 @entity1 increases as the number of beds in mental hospitals decreases. These questions were studied in 4338 @entity161 @entity1 discharged in 1982, 1986, 1990 and 1994 from mental hospitals in Finland. During this period, the number of beds in mental hospitals in Finland decreased from 3.8 to 1.3 per 1000 inhabitants. During the three-year follow-up, 226 @entity1 or 5.2% died. There were no statistically significant differences in mortality between the cohorts. The total mortality was higher in males than in females. Age, @entity221 and number of hospital days predicted @entity101 due to natural causes. Mortality due to unnatural causes (suicides and accidents) was predicted by number of prescribed psychosedatives, number of hospitalisations and short duration of illness. Mortality due to unnatural causes was higher in the first year after index discharge from hospital. The reduction in number of beds in mental hospitals does not seem to be associated with @entity101 in chronic @entity161 . The high mortality of @entity161 @entity1 indicates the need for careful medical examinations and treatment of physical illnesses, as well as counselling for a healthy lifestyle. Need for psychosedative medication at discharge from hospital and multiple previous hospitalisations may indicate an increased suicide risk and thus requires special attention. In outpatient treatment, it is important to remember that the risk of unnatural death increases during the first years after discharge from hospital.

title: Mortality in chronic @entity161 during decreasing number of XXXX beds in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased mortality']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 202 Background: Adherence to clinical guidelines, such as those developed by the National @entity5 Network (NCCN), can serve as a quality measure for delivered care. We aimed to determine NCCN guideline compliance of and concordance between multidisciplinary conference (MC) treatment recommendations and treatment received. METHODS: A retrospective review of 71 consecutive previously untreated @entity1 from 1/1 to 4/1/2006 evaluated whether MC recommendations were compliant with 2006 NCCN treatment guidelines, what treatment was actually provided, and whether this treatment was congruent with MC recommendations and/or adhered to 2006 NCCN guidelines. RESULTS: TNM staging was documented in 94.4% of MC notes and treatment recommendations were documented for 98.6% of @entity1 . Of enrolled @entity1 , 53% had @entity5 , 22.7% had oral cavity @entity5 , 18.2% had @entity5 , and 6.1% had @entity5 . The mean age at presentation was 57.4 years. Forty-eight @entity1 (72.7%) were @entity1 . MC recommendations were not compliant with NCCN guidelines in 7 (10.6%) @entity1 . Reasons for non-compliance were recommended definitive radiation alone for T1/2N2 @entity5 (3 @entity1 ), recommended over-use of induction chemotherapy (2 @entity1 ) or adjuvant therapy (1 @entity1 ), and incomplete documentation (1 @entity1 ). Actual treatment deviated from MC recommendations in 25 (38.5%) @entity1 , although in 14 of these @entity1 , treatment remained guideline-adherent. Actual treatment was not compliant with guidelines in 9 @entity1 ; 4 of these @entity1 had treatment congruent with MC recommendations, which were not NCCN guideline-compliant. Reasons for guideline-discordance in the remaining @entity1 were individual. CONCLUSIONS: Discordance with NCCN guidelines for @entity135 treatment planning and delivery was observed in this cohort; while some deviations were due to incomplete documentation, areas for improvement were identified. Further study is warranted to determine whether treatment deviating from NCCN guidelines impacts @entity1 outcome.

title: Adherence to XXXX guidelines: Multidisciplinary conference recommendations and care delivered.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer', 'oropharyngeal cancer', 'nasopharyngeal cancer', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Although relating to very different concepts, @entity25 and @entity1295 are often confounded. However, both @entity1295 -associated conditions such as the @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) and @entity25 such as the @entity27 ( @entity27 ) are associated with @entity73 with impaired attention, concentration and memory performances. Fifteen pure @entity5815 @entity1 , without primary @entity25 or clinically relevant @entity25 , were compared to 15 untreated @entity27 @entity1 , without clinically relevant @entity1295 , and to 16 healthy controls of similar age. The auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), digit span, digit symbol and finger tapping test (FTT) were used as cognitive and behavioural measures. In addition we assessed daytime EEG spectral power and @entity3493 evoked potentials. With exception for the digit span, all tests showed lower performances in @entity1 groups. Recall on the AVLT did not differ between the two @entity1 groups, but the digit and symbol spans showed more severe impairment in @entity27 @entity1 . Psychomotor performance on the FTT presented with slower hit rates in @entity27 than in @entity5815 . EEG theta power was highest in @entity5815 @entity1 . @entity3493 latencies and amplitudes did not differ between groups. Fatigue- and @entity25 can both present with significant and objective @entity73 and behavioural motor performance. In our sample @entity73 and @entity1155 performance were worse when associated to @entity25 in @entity27 than with @entity1295 in @entity5815 .

title: @entity73 in @entity1295 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'impairment of cognitive functioning']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome', 'SAHS']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep disorders', 'sleepiness-associated conditions']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleepiness associated conditions']


abstract: The incidence and prevalence of chronic dialysis @entity1 in Japan is increasing linearly and is currently as high as 300 and 2300 per million population, respectively. The incidence of @entity454 is closely related to that of chronic dialysis; findings which are captured in detail in the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy registry. Life expectancy of dialysis @entity1 is poor compared to the age- and sex-matched general population, and is equivalent to that of an 80-year-old @entity1 or an 87-year-old @entity1 , i.e., dialysis @entity1 seem 15-18  years older than their actual age. @entity204 is the leading cause of @entity204 ; however, @entity204 due to @entity64 and acute @entity583 is decreasing. The annual mortality rate is 6.5% among the dialysis population. For the past 10  years, the mortality risk has remained high despite the avoidance of blood transfusions by the administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, and improvements in general medical care. Several studies have confirmed the significance of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) on the development of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and mortality; the lower the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the higher the incidence of @entity65 . The cut-off levels for eGFR are not yet clear. @entity740 is an important predictor of @entity65 in Japan, similar to other parts of the world. Strategies for early detection of @entity740 are needed because, in many cases, @entity740 remains asymptomatic until late stages. Timely treatment for @entity740 is necessary to minimize costs for unnecessary care and testing. Unless CDK is properly managed, it will not be possible to maintain quality and longevity of life. The Japanese population is rapidly aging and will have the largest proportion of elderly @entity1 in the world. A systematic strategy for managing @entity740 @entity1 is warranted.

title: @entity740 in XXXX : are we different from others?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: We have recently cloned the neurotensin receptor from @entity1 substantia nigra. Using in situ hybridization techniques, with an 35S-labeled antisense RNA probe complementary to this receptor complementary DNA, we studied the expression of the @entity1 neurotensin receptor in the brain from control and @entity191 subjects. We also performed an analogous study with @entity35 brain. Neurotensin receptor messenger RNA was present in high levels in melanized neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the @entity10789 (the ventral tegmental area for @entity35 brain). Background levels of signals for neurotensin receptor messenger RNA were detected in the nucleus ruber, the colliculus inferior and the striatal subdivisions (the nucleus caudatus, the putamen and the nucleus accumbens) of both @entity1 and @entity35 brain. All these areas, except the nucleus ruber and the collicus inferior, contain very high to high levels of neurotensin receptor binding sites. Additionally, @entity191 brains had markedly fewer melanized (possibly dopaminergic) neurons, as expected, and correspondingly very low or background levels of messenger RNA for neurotensin receptor. We have also demonstrated heterogeneity among the melanized cells expressing messenger RNA encoding the neurotensin receptor in the substantia nigra and the @entity10789 of @entity1 brain. The neurons in the @entity10789 had lower melanin pigmentation and higher expression of neurotensin receptor messenger RNA. In general, the expression of the messenger RNA within the highly and evenly melanized neurons was lower than that found in low or unevenly pigmented neurons. The neurons in the @entity10789 had lower melanin pigmentation and higher expression of neurotensin receptor messenger RNA. The low pigmented neurons in the ventral tier of the substantia nigra had relatively high expression. On the other hand, highly and evenly melanized neurons in these regions of the brain had low expression of neurotensin receptor messenger RNA. Together with the previous binding data, it is suggested that not only in @entity35 brain, but also in @entity1 brain, melanized (possibly dopaminergic) neurons in the substantia nigra and the @entity10789 (ventral tegmental area of @entity35 brain) synthesize neurotensin receptors and express them in their perikarya and the terminal regions. Additionally, the heterogeneity of the melanized neurons in @entity1 brain may play a role in the normal function of dopaminergic systems and probably in the etiology of some neurological and @entity146 .

title: Heterogeneity of melanized neurons expressing neurotensin receptor messenger RNA in the substantia nigra and the XXXX of control and @entity191 brain.

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['nucleus paranigralis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity10789 :: (MESH:D002527,Disease) :: ['nucleus paranigralis']