abstract: A historical cohort study was carried out in an agricultural research institute in the Republic of Ireland to investigate a perceived excess of @entity5 @entity204 among employees. The objectives of the study were (a) to confirm whether or not total or cause specific @entity204 rates among selected employees were higher than expected based on national figures, and to quantify any excess, and (b) to identify centres and employee grades associated with any excess risk. The cohort comprised all administrative, research, and technical staff employed for at least two years between 1960 and 1980, giving a final total for analysis of 1323 employees. Employment history was categorised by place of work and employment grade. @entity204 among the cohort were identified and causes of @entity204 verified. Overall the cohort had a lower than expected mortality compared with national rates (O/E = 0.67). Female @entity204 were too few for analysis but, among the male employees, there was an excess of all @entity5 (O/E = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.8-1.9), in particular @entity1313 (O/E = 4.69; 95% CI 1.2-11.4) and @entity150 (O/E = 9.31, 95% CI 1.9-27.2). The pattern of @entity1313 @entity204 was consistent with an occupational aetiology but it was not possible to identify specific exposures associated with the excess. All four cases occurred among research workers in the plant and soil science area. The pattern of @entity150 was difficult to interpret. The authors are at present participating in a multicentre study to further investigate @entity5 risk in laboratory workers.

title: An investigation of XXXX and other @entity5 in an agricultural research institute.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Deaths', 'death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain cancer']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the associations of treatment and an additive genetic efficacy score (AGES) based on @entity935 functional polymorphisms with time to first smoking lapse and point prevalence abstinence at end of treatment among @entity1 enrolled into two randomized clinical trials of smoking cessation therapies. DESIGN: Double-blind pharmacogenetic efficacy trials randomizing @entity1 to active or placebo @entity752 . Study 1 also randomized @entity1 to cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment (CBT) or this treatment with CBT for @entity308 . Study 2 provided standardized behavioural support. SETTING: Two hospital-affiliated clinics (study 1), and two university-affiliated clinics (study 2). @entity1 : A total of 792 self-identified white treatment-seeking smokers aged >= 18 years smoking >= 10 cigarettes per day over the last year. MEASUREMENTS: Age, gender, Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 , @entity935 pathway genotypes ( @entity31918 [ @entity39287 @entity50992 ], @entity27327 [COMT @entity27510 ], @entity4131 exon 3 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism [ @entity4131 VNTR], @entity7712 ,3' VNTR) analyzed both separately and as part of an AGES, time to first lapse and point prevalence abstinence at end of treatment. FINDINGS: Significant associations of the AGES (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.14, P = 0.009) and of the @entity4131 VNTR (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.17-1.41, P = 0.0073) were observed with time to first lapse. A significant AGES by pharmacotherapy interaction was observed (b standard error = -0.18 [0.07], P = 0.016), such that AGES predicted risk for time to first lapse only for individuals randomized to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: A score based on functional polymorphisms relating to @entity935 pathways appears to predict lapse to smoking following a quit attempt, and the association is mitigated in smokers using @entity752 .

title: Influence of a XXXX pathway additive genetic efficacy score on smoking cessation: results from two randomized clinical trials of @entity752 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The aim of the present article is to test at a meta-analytical level the efficacy and safety of second-generation long-acting antipsychotic injections (SGLAI) in @entity161 . Thirteen randomized-controlled trials comparing SGLAI with either placebo or oral antipsychotics were included in a quantitative meta-analysis (6313 @entity1 ). Efficacy and safety measures as well as demographic and clinical variables were extracted from each publication or obtained directly from authors. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger's intercept. Heterogeneity was addressed with the Q statistic and the I   index. SGLAI were more effective than placebo injections [Hedges's g=0.336, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.246-0.426, Z=7.325, P<0.001] in reducing the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores, but no differences were observed compared with oral antipsychotics (Hedges's g=0.072, 95% CI -0.072 to 0.217, Z=0.983, P=0.326). There were more responders under SGLAI than placebo (47 vs. 24%, NNT 4, 95% CI 3-6), but no differences in comparison with oral antipsychotics [relative risk (RR)=0.962, P=0.094]. SGLAI and controls groups shared a common safety profile with respect to the number of deaths, overall number of treatment-adverse events, @entity1162 , or @entity158 in the injection site. There was a greater risk of developing extrapyramidal side effects with SGLAI than with placebo (RR=2.037, P<0.001) or with oral antipsychotics (RR=1.451, P=0.048). There was no evidence of publication bias (Egger's P=0.476), and sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of results. The present meta-analysis shows superior efficacy for the SGLAI over placebo on @entity716 , although with a relatively small effect size; no evidence of superiority in efficacy over oral antipsychotics; and modest evidence of greater symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects. These data suggest that SGLAI lack an advantage in reducing @entity716 over oral medications. Their potential effects on relapse prevention should be better addressed by future randomized-controlled trials.

title: Efficacy and safety of second-generation long-acting injections in XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia, QT prolongation']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of low-frequency electric muscle stimulation associated with usual physiotherapy on functional outcome after total hip arthroplasty ( @entity2445 ) for @entity570 ( @entity571 ) in elderly subjects. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; pre- and posttreatment measurements. SETTING: Hospital rehabilitation department. @entity1 : Subjects (N=29) referred to the rehabilitation department after @entity2445 for hip @entity571 . INTERVENTIONS: The intervention group (n=16; 78+/-8 y) received simultaneous low-frequency electric muscle stimulation of bilateral quadriceps and @entity291 muscles (highest tolerated intensity, 1h session, 5 d/wk, for 5 weeks) associated with conventional physical therapy including resistance training. The control group (n=13; 76+/-10 y) received conventional physical therapy alone (25 sessions). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maximal isometric strength of knee extensors, @entity15467 instrument, before and after; a six-minute walk test and a 200 m fast walk test, after; length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: Low-frequency electric muscle stimulation was well tolerated. It resulted in a greater improvement in strength of knee extensors on the operated side (77% vs 23%; P<.01), leading to a better balance of muscle strength between the operated and nonoperated limb. The low-frequency electric muscle stimulation group also showed a greater improvement in @entity15467 scores, though improvements in the walk tests were similar for the 2 groups, as was LOS. CONCLUSIONS: Low-frequency electric muscle stimulation is a safe, well-tolerated therapy after @entity2445 for hip @entity571 . It improves knee extensor strength, which is one of the factors leading to greater functional independence after @entity2445 .

title: Low-frequency electric muscle stimulation combined with physical therapy after total hip arthroplasty for XXXX in elderly @entity1 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Marrow transplantation results in disease-free survival for less than one-third of @entity1 treated for @entity1778 . The objective of this report is to review results following allogeneic marrow transplantation for treatment of @entity1778 or @entity2590 at a single tertiary referral center to determine the @entity1 characteristics which lead to better survival and lower relapse. DESIGN AND METHODS: The medical records of 99 @entity1 with @entity1778 or @entity2590 transplanted consecutively at the Fred @entity5 Research Center between 1971 and 1997 were reviewed. Prior to development of @entity1778 or @entity2590 , the @entity1 ' original diagnoses were @entity1583 , @entity5 , @entity2150 , or miscellaneous individual disorders previously treated by chemotherapy alone, radiation alone, chemoradiotherapy, or immunosuppressive therapy. At the time of transplantation, at each stage of @entity2590 the numbers of @entity1 were 52 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), 15 with @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), 18 with @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), 11 with @entity417 ( @entity417 ), 1 with @entity417 with @entity27487 (RARS), and 2 with hypoplastic unclassifiable @entity1503 . Sixty-five @entity1 received marrow from an HLA identical or partially identical family member, and 34 received marrow from an HLA identical unrelated donor after conditioning with chemotherapy and total body irradiation or chemotherapy alone. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier probability of survival after transplantation for all @entity1 was 13%, and by stage of disease was 33% for @entity417 /RARS, 20% for @entity7139 , and 8% for @entity7139 / @entity3052 . The probability of relapse for all @entity1 was 47%, was 34% for @entity7139 , and 58% for @entity7139 / @entity3052 . None of the @entity1 with @entity417 /RARS has relapsed. The overall probability of non-relapse mortality was 78%, divided equally among infection or organ failure-related causes of @entity204 . INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The main impediments to long-term survival after transplantation for @entity1778 or @entity2590 are relapse and mortality from infections or organ failure. The survival is better when transplantation is done during the early stages of @entity2590 because it is then associated with a lower relapse rate. These data suggest that @entity1 at risk of secondary @entity2590 should be followed prospectively to detect the early stages of @entity2590 , and be considered for transplantation at that time.

title: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for XXXX or @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27487 :: ('MESH:D000756', 'Disease') :: ['ringed sideroblasts']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia with excess blasts in transition', 'refractory anemia with excess blasts', 'RAEB-T', 'RAEB']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Hutchinson Cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['secondary leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic malignancies']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['secondary leukemia']


abstract: The main aim of the study was to establish the frequency of @entity5 occurrence in the @entity1 of the University Hospital Otolaryngology Clinic in Krak  w as well as to analyze the clinical features, location in the orbit and to identify the group of @entity1 with the highest risk of @entity5 . The authors retrospectively analyzed 46 @entity1 (29 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ) between the ages of 23 and 87. This group of @entity1 was compared to a group of 80 @entity1 who were surgically treated at the same clinic 10 years ago and to a group of 70 @entity1 treated 15 years ago. We established that the @entity5 localized in the orbit were mainly benign. A variety of histological types of @entity5 arises in the orbit but it was significant that @entity6437 were the most common cases in all three groups of @entity1 treated in our clinic now, about 10 and about 15 years ago. Referring to the group of @entity1 at the highest risk, we established that @entity5 are definitely most common in @entity1 than @entity1 . It has turned out to be statistically significant that @entity5 were most common in younger @entity1 and malignant in older @entity1 . That suggests the conclusion that being female is a risk factor for @entity5 and age is a risk factor for them being malignant. Comparing different approaches for the resection of @entity5 , we established that the lateral orbitotomy provides @entity5 in the most common locations (intraconal and in the top corner of the orbit). @entity5 have to be treated by orbital exenteration.

title: [Orbital XXXX treated at the University Hospital Otolaryngology Clinic in Krak  w between 1997 and 2011].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors', 'access to orbital tumors', 'Malignant and extensive tumors', 'orbital tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Owing to the limited efficacy of therapy on @entity320 at the stage of distant metastases, a well-tolerated adjuvant therapy is needed for @entity1 with high-risk primary @entity320 . Our hypothesis was that an adjuvant treatment with low doses of interferon alpha could be effective in @entity1 with localised @entity320 . METHODS: After resection of a primary @entity320 .5 mm, @entity1 without clinically detectable node metastases were randomly assigned to receive either 3x10(6) IU @entity4020 , three-times weekly for 18 months, or no treatment. The primary endpoint was the relapse-free interval. FINDINGS: 499 @entity1 were enrolled, of whom 489 were eligible. When used as part of a sequential procedure, @entity4020 was of significant benefit for relapse-free interval (p=0.038). A long-term analysis, after a median follow-up of 5 years, showed a significant extension of relapse-free interval (p=0.035) and a clear trend towards an increase in overall survival (p=0.059) in @entity4020 -treated @entity1 compared with controls. There were 100 relapses and 59 @entity204 among the 244 @entity4020 -treated @entity1 compared with 119 relapses and 76 @entity204 among the 245 controls. The estimated 3-year-relapse rates were 32% in the @entity4020 group and 44% in controls; the 3-year death rates were 15% and 21%, respectively. Only 10% of @entity1 experienced WHO grade 3 or 4 adverse events. Treatment was compatible with normal daily life. INTERPRETATION: Adjuvant therapy of high-risk @entity320 with low doses of @entity4020 for 18 months is safe and is beneficial when started before clinically detectable node metastases develop.

title: Randomised trial of @entity4020 as adjuvant therapy in resected primary @entity320 .5 mm without clinically detectable node metastases. French Cooperative Group on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma thicker than 1']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha-2a']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ginger effects on (experimental) @entity390 have been described, but also strong placebo effects and sex differences when @entity390 is involved. The "balanced placebo design" has been proposed to allow better separation of drug and placebo effects. METHODS: Sixty-four healthy @entity1 (32 @entity1 ) were randomly assigned to receive an antiemetic ginger preparation or placebo, and half of each group was told to have received drug or placebo. They were exposed to 5 2 min body rotations to induce @entity390 . Subjective symptoms and behavioral (rotation tolerance, @entity910 ) and physiological measures (electrogastrogram, @entity701 ) were recorded. Groups were balanced for sex of @entity1 and experimenters. RESULTS: Ginger and the information given did not affect any outcome measure, and previous sex differences could not be confirmed. Adding the experimenters revealed a significant four-factorial interaction on behavioral but not on subjective or physiological measures @entity1 who received placebo responded to placebo information when provided by the male experimenter, and to ginger information when provided by the female experimenter. This effect was not significant in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The effects of an antiemetic drug and provided information interact with psychosocial variables of @entity1 and experimenters in reports of @entity390 .

title: Effects of ginger and expectations on symptoms of XXXX in a balanced placebo design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['head movements']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and @entity988 ( @entity988 ) as well as the role of @entity308 in this relationship. We compared the findings of 26 male @entity1 with @entity988 and 24 male @entity1 as the control group between November 2008 and January 2009. The blood lead levels and smoking index of @entity1 were evaluated for both groups. The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction-erectile function domain (EFD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were obtained and reviewed in both groups. The mean blood lead levels of @entity1 in the @entity988 and control groups were 42.1 and 3.2   g  dl(-1) respectively (P  <  0.01). The mean interval of lead exposure of @entity1 in @entity988 group was 71.5 (6-360) months. EFD scores of @entity1 in @entity988 group were significantly lower, and number of @entity1 with @entity323 in @entity988 group was statistically higher (P  <  0.05). BDI scores of @entity1 in @entity988 group were significantly higher (P  <  0.05). We detected a mildly negative and statistically significant relationship between the EFD scores and blood lead levels (r  =  -0.453 and P  <  0.05). Our results showed that the increased frequency of @entity323 is an independent factor in @entity988 group.

title: @entity323 and XXXX in @entity1 with chronic lead poisoning.

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['CLI', 'chronic lead intoxication']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The relationship between ipsi- and contralateral epileptiform electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was investigated in @entity35 that were kindled daily in the amygdala. Two types of relationships--linear and non-linear associations--were studied and used to estimate time delays of EEG activity between homotopic amygdalar sites during consecutive tetanizations. The progressive development of @entity302 and @entity410 behaviour was accompanied by an increase in association. Maximal association values of the non-linear function were significantly higher than linear association values. The gradual development of motor @entity410 severity was correlated with increased non-linearity. Time delays between the two amygdalae were estimated comparably with the linear and non-linear function: 30.0 +/- 3.3 and 24.6 +/- 1.7 ms (ipsilateral leading contralateral), respectively. However, in @entity35 displaying exclusively bilaterally generalized motor @entity410 , maximal values of both functions decreased but were still significantly higher than control values of phase-randomized EEG. Corresponding positive as well as negative interhemispheric time delays were recorded during the afterdischarge. These results demonstrated a strengthened association between the ipsi- and contralateral amygdala during primary epileptogenesis induced by amygdala kindling. In contrast, development of a secondary focus in the contralateral homotopic region resulted in a weakened interhemispheric association. Secondary bilateral synchrony between the ipsi- and contralateral amygdala occurred during the evoked @entity302 activity.

title: Propagation of XXXX during development of amygdala kindling in @entity35 : linear and non-linear association between ipsi- and contralateral sites.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizure', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform EEG']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptiform activity']


abstract: Tsukuba College of Technology is the first national university established as an institute of higher education for the visually and @entity393 . We have been systematically conducting a University Personality Inventory (UPI) survey on our students since 1989 to understand their mental health. In this study, we compared the UPI scores of the new students of Tsukuba College of Technology in 1993 and 1994 with unimpaired students from the University of Tsukuba (control group), but found no significant difference in the UPI scores of the @entity227 and the control group. However, we noticed a significant difference in the average UPI scores between the @entity393 and the control group. The @entity227 group were divided into four subgroups, UPI scores descended in order from degree 1 ( @entity1939 ), to degrees 2 and 3 ( @entity4457 ), to degree 4 (visual acuity > or = 0.3). The UPI scores of the degree 4 subgroup were significantly lower than those of the control group. An investigation of the items for which the check rate was at least 50% showed that the @entity227 students had a variety of @entity458 , most of which seemed to concern @entity308 or @entity148 as did the normal control group. The number of affirmative responses increased with low visual acuity. The only one belonging to the 'lie' scale item was observed in the group of @entity393 students. Thus, comparing these three groups from the viewpoint of mental health, we noticed the @entity393 group was slightly different from the other two groups, but the @entity227 group was similar to the normal control group.

title: Mental health of visually and XXXX students from the viewpoint of the University Personality Inventory.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually impaired']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['total blindness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impaired']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing impaired']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The treatment of @entity282 after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and tonsillectomy presents a challenge. Opioids can cause sedation and @entity1576 . Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs can increase @entity86 . The authors have evaluated the severity of @entity282 and the consumption of opioid in 53 adult @entity1 undergoing either UPPP or tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, parallel-groups study. METHODS: A general endotracheal anesthesia was used in each @entity1 . After surgery @entity1 received @entity7988 1 mg/kg as an intravenous bolus, followed by a continuous infusion of 4 mg/kg during 24 hours. For rescue analgesia @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity3575 was used. RESULTS: Both UPPP and tonsillectomy are associated with intense @entity282 . More than 40% of the @entity1 had high @entity158 scores during the first 24 postoperative hours. @entity282 after UPPP was more severe and the difference was significant during swallowing (P < .05). The need for @entity3575 in the UPPP group was twice that of the tonsillectomy group (P < .01). There was a high interindividual scatter in the @entity1 -controlled @entity3575 attempts in both groups. The @entity1 in the UPPP group needed significantly more @entity26 supply during recovery (P = .007). No serious adverse effects occurred and none of the @entity1 experienced @entity86 that required any intervention. CONCLUSION: Individually tailored analgesic treatment protocol is essential for @entity1 undergoing UPPP and tonsillectomy to ensure safe and effective @entity158 alleviation.

title: XXXX and @entity3575 for @entity158 after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and tonsillectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity7988 :: (MESH:D007660,Chemical) :: ['Ketoprofen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 size affects the choice of surgical procedure and @entity1 prognosis. It is standardly assessed as the largest unidimensional measurement and, for @entity66 , as the largest size of the largest focus. We examine some different methods of assessing @entity5 size: the standard method; the sum of the largest sizes for all foci; surface area; and volume. METHODS: Data for a cohort of 678 primary @entity0 @entity1 accrued from 1971 to 1990 were updated to 1996; there were 571 @entity1 with unifocal disease and 107 @entity1 with @entity66 . We used step-wise Cox regression to investigate the effects on time to death of the prognostic factors @entity5 size (estimated in one of the four ways), age, nodal status, ER, @entity7273 , adjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant hormonal therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. We also examined the association between @entity5 focality and nodal status. RESULTS: For all @entity1 , @entity5 size was included in the multivariate model, regardless of estimation method. For @entity1 with @entity66 , @entity5 size was included in the final model only when it was estimated as the total surface area (P = .03) or volume (P = .01) of the foci. More multifocal @entity1 were N+ (P = .056). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity66 , the significance association with mortality for total surface area or volume may imply a biologic relevance or mode of @entity5 activity for the foci.

title: Assessment of @entity5 size for multifocal primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neutrophils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1468 . Because @entity1468 and @entity1592 result from similar placental lesions, the aim of this study was to investigate neutrophil activation in isolated @entity1592 relative to @entity1468 and uncomplicated pregnancy. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation was analyzed by measuring cell surface and soluble cell adhesion molecule expressions. STUDY DESIGN: @entity1196 ( @entity1196 ) and @entity9536 surface expressions on polymorphonuclear neutrophils were analyzed in 13 @entity1 with @entity1468 , 11 @entity1 with isolated @entity1592 , and 17 age- and gestation-matched control @entity1 by means of a standardized quantitative flow cytometry assay. Serum levels of soluble @entity1196 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Neutrophils from @entity1 with isolated @entity1592 and @entity1 with @entity1468 displayed higher levels of @entity9536 and lower levels of @entity1196 than did neutrophils from healthy pregnant @entity1 . Soluble @entity1196 serum levels were significantly increased in the @entity1468 and @entity1592 groups relative to normal values. No significant difference in the levels of @entity9536 , @entity1196 , and soluble @entity1196 were observed between @entity1 with isolated @entity1592 and those with @entity1468 . Leukocyte activation was not correlated with disease severity. CONCLUSION: The observed alteration in polymorphonuclear neutrophil adhesion molecule expressions and increased serum soluble @entity1196 levels are consistent with activation of peripheral blood neutrophils occurring in isolated @entity1592 in a manner similar to that seen in @entity1468 . This evidence of neutrophil activation may help to advance our understanding of the disease process in isolated @entity1592 .

title: Neutrophil activation in @entity1468 and isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knee arthroscopy is the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedure in the United States and is usually considered to be a low-risk procedure. The purposes of this study were to describe the incidence of symptomatic @entity1150 , symptomatic @entity1151 , and mortality after elective knee arthroscopy performed without @entity1031 prophylaxis, as well as to investigate the association of age, sex, procedure type, and oral contraceptive use with the odds of developing a @entity1211 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of elective arthroscopic knee procedures during a twenty-seven-month period (January 1, 2006, through March 31, 2008) was performed with use of the administrative database of a large health maintenance organization. Use of ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) procedure codes for arthroscopic surgery identified 21,794 arthroscopic knee procedures. The occurrence of a symptomatic @entity1150 or @entity1151 within ninety days after surgery was identified by reviewing administrative and electronic medical record data for inpatient, outpatient, urgent care, and emergency encounters. Mortality and the cause of @entity204 were captured with use of electronic medical records, Social Security Administration Death Master Files, and county @entity204 certificates. @entity1 charts were reviewed for confirmation of the @entity1150 , @entity1151 , or @entity204 . @entity1 who had a history of a @entity1211 or who had received anticoagulation therapy within fourteen days prior to the index surgery were excluded. RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 20,770 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-one @entity1 (0.25%; 95% confidence interval, 0.18% to 0.31%) developed a @entity1150 , and thirty-five (0.17%; 95% confidence interval, 0.11% to 0.22%) developed a @entity1151 . The incidence of @entity1211 was higher in @entity1 who were fifty years of age or older (0.51% compared with 0.34% in younger @entity1 ), and the incidence in female @entity1 was higher if they had been prescribed oral contraceptive medication (0.63% compared with 0.30% in female @entity1 with no such prescription). No differences in the incidence of @entity1150 or @entity1151 on the basis of sex or arthroscopic procedure code were noted. Nine @entity1 (0.04%) died within ninety days of surgery, although only one @entity204 was confirmed to have resulted from a @entity1151 . CONCLUSIONS: The ninety-day incidence of symptomatic @entity1211 after elective knee arthroscopy was relatively low, with a 0.25% incidence of @entity1150 and a 0.17% incidence of @entity1151 . The overall ninety-day mortality after arthroscopic knee surgery was 0.04%.

title: Incidence of symptomatic XXXX after elective knee arthroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite studies have suggested that @entity46 has malignant potential, the molecular mechanism underlying the @entity5 is poorly understood so far. @entity43 ( @entity43 ) or @entity43 arising from @entity46 (OCEM) may provide an ideal model for genetic studies. To investigate the genetic alterations during @entity43 into @entity5 , the authors analysed mutations of @entity5 -related genes ( @entity983 and @entity876 ) in @entity43 cases (n=23, group 1), including 19 cases which were detected co-existence of @entity46 and @entity5 and four cases which fulfilled the histological criteria in @entity5 (OCEMs), and in @entity43 ( @entity43 ) (n = 10, group 2), as well as in solitary @entity43 ( @entity46 ) (n = 20, group 3), simultaneously, to study the correlation of the two genes in the development and progression of the @entity43 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each paraffin block was sliced into serial ten-  m-thick sections. Extracted DNA was amplified by nested PCR. Mutations of @entity983 and @entity876 were examined by bidirectional DNA sequencing. RESULTS: It was acknowledged by experiments that the @entity983 and @entity876 mutation frequency in EAOCs were significantly higher than that in @entity43 and @entity46 . There was significant difference to compare EAOCs with @entity46 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), and converse to compare with @entity43 (p > 0.05), respectively. No definite involvement between the frequency of @entity983 and @entity876 mutations in EAOCs and age difference, histological type, clinical stage, pathological grade, and whether accompanied by @entity3 (p > 0.05); however, a decreasing trend of @entity983 mutation with the increased age, decreased clinical stage and pathological grade, and when accompanied by @entity3 was detected. Adversely, an increasing trend of @entity876 mutation was represented. In EAOCs group, the authors detected eight @entity983 and four @entity876 mutation events, respectively. Moreover, one case occurred @entity983 and @entity876 mutation simultaneously. With 23 EAOCs, two cases which fulfilled the histological criteria in @entity5 , which may be a specific entity distinct from @entity43 , the authors named them the OCEMs, occurred @entity983 or @entity876 mutation, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study suggested that the mutation and functional incapacitation of certain @entity5 -related genes may be involved in @entity5 . @entity983 mutation is the pristine event, but @entity876 mutation is the late.

title: Possible relevance of XXXX -related genes mutation to @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EAOC', 'aEMs', 'ovarian endometriosis', 'ovarian cancer', 'non-endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer', 'transformation of ovarian endometriosis', 'atypical hyperplasia ovarian endometriosis', 'Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer', 'ovarian endometriosis malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of endometriosis', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['EMs', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity1796 is uncommon and can be difficult to diagnose, especially when a partial @entity397 or tear occurs. In situations where an incomplete disruption to the musculotendinous unit occurs, a @entity154 or clear functional loss may not be present. Advanced imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound, can be used to confirm the diagnosis and define the extent of injury. The treatment of a @entity397 is repair or reconstruction, whereas the management of a @entity1 with a partial @entity397 is related to the @entity158 , and expectations of the @entity1 . This article presents 2 @entity1 with chronic, near @entity924 . In both @entity1 , surgical reconstruction of the injured tendon was accomplished using @entity717 longus autograft. This technique allows the treating surgeon to harvest the graft from the @entity2045 . The palmaris autograft is then used to reconstruct the injured portion of the triceps tendon using a Pulvertaft weave technique through the intact triceps tendon and osseous tunnels within the proximal ulna. This technique allows for easy surgical setup and harvest of autograft tendon and provides a structurally sound technique for a tension-free reconstruction of the injured tendon. It also permits early @entity86 , with active elbow extension allowed at 6 weeks. The authors have used this technique successfully in the treatment of chronic partial tears of the distal triceps tendon.

title: Triceps tendon reconstruction using XXXX longus autograft in unrecognized chronic tears.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['palpable defect']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['complete disruptions of the distal triceps tendon']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['triceps rupture', 'complete rupture of the distal triceps tendon', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['Injury to the distal triceps tendon']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative elbow range of motion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, functional deficit']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral palmaris']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['ipsilateral palmaris']


abstract: @entity9611 ( @entity9611 , @entity5647 ) is part of the standard care of treatment for @entity791 since many years. A great number of studies on the genotoxic potential of @entity5647 have been published, but no comprehensive hypothesis yet explains all observations. We investigated a multitude of genotoxic endpoints, both in vitro and in vivo, with the goal to complete the picture. The mutagenic potential of @entity5647 in bacteria was found to be restricted to strains with an "ochre" target sequence and could be abrogated both by @entity1014 supplementation and @entity35 liver S9 mix. Single-strand breaks in @entity1 cells were detected in the comet assay after short-term treatment (3h) with @entity5647 , which did not induce micronuclei. The latter were mainly seen after prolonged exposure (24 and 48h) and are probably not directly related to @entity5647 incorporation into DNA. Our data demonstrate that short-term exposure to low @entity5647 concentrations does not induce biologically relevant micronucleation. Only treatment with high concentrations of @entity5647 for prolonged time periods manifests in substantial micronucleus induction. Furthermore, we found that high concentrations of @entity1014 have no effect in the comet assay but increase micronucleus frequency in a manner very similar to @entity5647 . These results lead us to the following hypothesis: @entity5647 is triphosphorylated and then incorporated into DNA strands, leading to mutations and @entity137 . Cellular attempts to repair these DNA lesions as well as stalled replication forks due to chain termination are detectable with the comet assay. Increased micronucleus frequency is likely related to @entity377 pool imbalance.

title: Genotoxicity profile of XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['Azidothymidine', 'Zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity9611 :: (MESH:D015215,Chemical) :: ['azidothymidine']


abstract: The pharmacologically-induced expression of the y-globin gene, to increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production, is a therapeutic strategy used for the treatment of @entity2395 and @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Plastrum testudinis (PT) on differentiation, proliferation, y-globin gene expression and @entity7322 in @entity1 erythroid cells. For this purpose, we used the K562 @entity1 @entity1778 cell line and @entity1 erythroid progenitor cells from normal donors and @entity1 with @entity2395 cultured using the two-phase liquid culture system. The effects of PT on erythroid differentiation, proliferation, y-globin gene expression and @entity7322 , as well as the involvement of epigenetic histone modifications within the y-globin gene promoter via activation of the @entity1435 (MAPK) signaling pathway, were assessed by @entity16748 staining, @entity3460 dye exclusion, quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). PT promoted the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, and increased y-globin mRNA accumulation and @entity7322 without inhibiting cell proliferation in K562 cells and @entity1 erythroid progenitors. PT exerted no effect on a- and b-globin gene expression. In @entity1 erythroid cells, PT activated the @entity1435 MAPK signaling pathway, and enhanced the acetylation of histone H3 and H4, the phosphorylation of histone H3 within the Gy- and Ay-globin gene promoter regions, y-globin mRNA accumulation and @entity7322 . These effects were suppressed by pre-treatment with the @entity1435 MAPK inhibitor, @entity1441 . Epigenetic histone modifications within y-globin gene promoter regions, via activation of the @entity1435 MAPK signaling pathway, are important for the induction of y-globin gene expression in @entity1 erythroid cells by PT. PT may be a novel potential therapeutic agent for b- @entity8453 , including @entity2395 and @entity3458 .

title: Plastrum testudinis induces y-globin gene expression through epigenetic histone modifications within the y-globin gene promoter via activation of the XXXX MAPK signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCA', 'sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan-blue']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase', 'p38']

entities_list: @entity7322 :: ('MESH:C536766', 'Disease') :: ['HbF synthesis']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['b-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity16748 :: ('MESH:C029876', 'Chemical') :: ['benzidine']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: @entity2695 belong to one of the most common type of @entity5 occurring in childhood. They are benign and often do not require any treatment, with the tendency to. frequently disappearing spontaneously at the age of 5-7 years. The @entity5 usually develop in the head and neck @entity1462 ( @entity1462 ) are rare @entity154 , which may occur anywhere. In upper limb, they may amount to 30-60% of cases. It is common for these changes not to require any surgical treatment. In case they do, the main indications for such treatment of @entity3140 may be as follows: signs of @entity1897 , limited mobility of the fingers because of the @entity5 , which entails difficulties in the functioning of the whole arm, @entity158 and aesthetic considerations. AIM OF THE STUDY: was to present the results of surgical treatment of @entity5 ( @entity2695 and @entity1462 ) in the upper limb that was applied in our department, as well as a broader discussion on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2003-2011 period we treated 11 @entity1 aged 24-39, suffering from @entity5 ( @entity2695 / @entity1462 ) in the upper limb; the group included 3 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 . In this group we diagnosed 2 cases with arm @entity2695 , 2 cases of @entity2695 of the forearm, 2 cases of @entity2695 in metacarpal area, 2 cases of @entity1462 of the finger and metacarpal area, and 4 cases of @entity1462 (mainly @entity2758 ) of the fingers. All preparations were examined histologically. RESULTS: No complications or recurrence were found in 7 cases, recurrences of @entity1462 were observed in 4 @entity1 with finger changes. In one @entity1 with @entity1462 of the index finger, we observed a treble recurrence, which severely impaired functioning of his hand. We eventually suggested to him the finger amputation, to which the @entity1 agreed. CONCLUSIONS: Upper extremity is a rare location of @entity2695 and other @entity1462 requiring surgery. @entity2695 are more common in @entity1 , and the occurrence of @entity1462 in both males and females is similar. Surgical treatment of @entity2695 and @entity1462 of the upper extremities is doubtlessly an arduous task, which calls for great microsurgical skills.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX and @entity2758 in upper extermity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['intramuscular hemangiomas', 'Hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb AVMs']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['compression of the peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['AVMs', 'isolated vascular malformations', 'area, whereas vascular malformations', 'vascular malformations']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the findings of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of carotid arteries in @entity1 with @entity1333 ( @entity1333 ) and to compare them with those observed using @entity419 -positron emission tomography ( @entity419 -PET). METHODS: A total of 31 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1333 (14 with @entity12040 , 17 with @entity226 with large vessel involvement) underwent both PET/computed tomography and carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) for a total of 35 combined assessments. Right carotid artery CEUS was performed after CDUS in all assessments. Kerr's criteria, a complete clinical examination, and acute phase reactants were simultaneously evaluated. The intensity of vascular uptake and vascularization of the carotid artery wall were compared. RESULTS: Ten @entity419 /PET scans showed active vascular @entity419 uptake (visual grade >= 2) in the right carotid artery. CEUS demonstrated severe vascularization (grade 2) within the right carotid artery wall in 12 examinations. The carotid CEUS vascularization grade significantly correlated with vascular @entity419 uptake (P   <   0.001) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) in the right carotid artery/mean SUV in the superior vena cava (P   =   0.001). When active vascular @entity419 uptake (>= 2) was considered the gold standard for @entity32 , carotid CEUS had a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 65-100) and a specificity of 92% (95% CI 72-99). The positive likelihood ratio was 12.5 (95% CI 3.3-47.2). Severe vascularization at CEUS and active vascular @entity419 uptake were significantly more frequent in active disease according to Kerr's criteria compared to inactive (P   =   0.001 and P   =   0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Carotid CEUS vascularization grade and the grade of @entity32 on @entity419 -PET were correlated in @entity1 with @entity1333 .

title: Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Carotid Artery in XXXX With Large Vessel @entity1333 : Correlation With Positron Emission Tomography Findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['defining vascular inflammation', 'vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['large vessel vasculitis', 'LVV']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Pepsinogen A (PGA) and @entity7598 ( @entity7598 ) are circulating low-molecular-weight proteins. Both have been shown to be almost freely filtered through the glomerular basement membrane. In @entity1 , only PGA is present in significant amounts in the urine. This prompted us to investigate the tubular reabsorption of PGA and @entity7598 in @entity1 . Fifty-eight 24-hour urine specimens and a serum samples were obtained from 21 healthy subjects. Eight serum and urine samples were obtained after raising the serum PGA and @entity7598 levels by oral administration of @entity4546 . Filtered loads of PGA and @entity7598 and tubular reabsorptions were calculated. PGA was already present in the urine at filtered loads below the tubular reabsorption maximum (10.6 +/- 3.5 mg/24 h; mean +/- SD) that was reached at serum PGA levels above 66 micrograms/l. Furthermore, intraindividual variation in tubular reabsorption of PGA was observed. Urinary excretion of @entity7598 remained very low and the tubular reabsorption maximum for @entity7598 was not reached. These data show that the presence of large amounts of PGA in the urine of healthy volunteers is due to a low affinity of the tubules for PGA. Tubular affinity of PGA changes in time and factors responsible for these changes require further investigation. The absence of @entity7598 from the urine is due to a high affinity of the tubules for @entity7598 and a high capacity compared to normal filtered loads. The similarity between PGA and @entity7598 molecules suggests that minor differences in molecular structure can be responsible for large differences in tubular reabsorption.

title: Tubular handling of pepsinogen A and C in @entity1 : evidence for two distinct tubular reabsorption mechanisms for low molecular weight proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3338 transporters (MCTs) mediate @entity880 transport across the plasma membrane of cells. The molecular mechanisms regulating @entity3338 transport in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DNA methylation on MCT expression and @entity880 transport in SMCs in relation to @entity731 . METHODS AND RESULTS: MCT expression was determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in SMCs isolated from @entity1 aortas and coronary arteries. @entity9736 sequencing and confocal microscopic analysis were used to study DNA methylation and @entity880 transport in SMCs, respectively. Downregulation of @entity3342 and impaired @entity880 transport were detected in proliferating/synthetic SMCs, relative to the contractile phenotype. A passage number- and @entity731 -dependent methylation pattern of @entity3342 was demonstrated in the CpG island located in exon 2. Treatment of SMCs with the demethylating agent @entity11508 restored @entity3342 expression and normalized @entity880 transport. Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated specific @entity3342 knockdown substantially stimulated SMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that DNA methylation may modify @entity3338 transport by suppressing @entity3342 expression, which could be important in regulating SMC function and the development of @entity731 .

title: Inactivation of @entity3338 transporter XXXX by DNA methylation in @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['Monocarboxylate', 'monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ["5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine"]

answer: @entity3342 :: (9123,Gene) :: ['MCT3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of a @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) in antibiotic therapeutic decisions in non-paediatric @entity1 with @entity6281 ( @entity6281 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A @entity1062 consisting of a direct antibiogram was used on blood isolates of @entity6281 . @entity6281 were also identified and sensitivity tests were performed according to standard criteria. Information on empirical treatment was registered (T1), as well as the antibiotic administered once the results of the @entity1062 were available (T2). Finally, we noted the ideal antibiotic that the infectious diseases specialist (IDS) would have prescribed (T3). The decision regarding T2 was always taken by the @entity1 's physician or the physician on duty. RESULTS: A @entity1062 was performed for 248 @entity1 . The most frequently isolated bacterium was @entity526 (13% producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase). T1 was considered appropriate in 74% and appropriate but optimizable in 43%. T2 was considered appropriate in 95%, appropriate but optimizable in 36%, and inappropriate in 5%. The cost of the optimizable treatment (T2) was     2210, while the cost of the ideal treatment would have been     416; the saving in antibiotic cost of 1 day of treatment would have been     1694. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment prescribed by a non-IDS after a @entity1062 was inappropriate in 5% and optimizable in 36%. It is our recommendation that information provided by a @entity1062 should be interpreted by an IDS to make the information more beneficial both economically and 'ecologically'.

title: What is the impact of a rapid diagnostic E-test in the treatment of @entity1 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6281 :: ('MESH:D016905', 'Disease') :: ['GNB', 'Gram-negative bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['RDT', 'rapid diagnostic test']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6281 :: (MESH:D016905,Disease) :: ['Gram-negative bacteraemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the standard method for the evaluation of the severity of @entity472 ( @entity472 ). Valve effective orifice area (EOA) measured by the continuity equation is one of the most frequently used stenotic indices. However, TTE measurement of aortic valve EOA is not feasible or not reliable in a significant proportion of @entity1 . Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a non-invasive alternative to evaluate EOA using velocity measurements. The objectives of this study were: 1) to validate a new CMR method using @entity655 ( @entity655 ) based on acoustical source term (AST) concept to estimate the valve EOA; 2) to introduce a simplified @entity655 method not requiring vorticity field derivation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed an in vitro study where EOA was measured by CMR in 4 fixed stenoses (EOA = 0.48, 1.00, 1.38 and 2.11 cm  ) under the same steady flow conditions (4-20 L/min). The in vivo study included eight (8) healthy subjects and 37 @entity1 with mild to severe @entity472 (0.72 cm    <= EOA  <= 1.71 cm  ). All subjects underwent TTE and CMR examinations. EOA was determinated by TTE with the use of continuity equation method (TTE(CONT)). For CMR estimation of EOA, we used 3 methods: 1) Continuity equation (CMR(CONT)); 2) Shear layer detection (CMR( @entity655 )), which was computed from the velocity field of a single CMR velocity profile at the peak systolic phase; 3) Single plane velocity truncation (CMR(SPVT)), which is a simplified version of CMR( @entity655 ) method. There was a good agreement between the EOAs obtained in vitro by the different CMR methods and the EOA predicted from the potential flow theory. In the in vivo study, there was good correlation and concordance between the EOA measured by the TTE(CONT) method versus those measured by each of the CMR methods: CMR(CONT) (r = 0.88), CMR( @entity655 ) (r = 0.93) and CMR(SPVT) (r = 0.93). The intra- and inter- observer variability of EOA measurements was 5    5% and 9    5% for TTE(CONT), 2    1% and 7    5% for CMR(CONT), 7    5% and 8    7% for CMR( @entity655 ), 1    2% and 3    2% for CMR(SPVT). When repeating image acquisition, reproducibility of measurements was 10    8% and 12    5% for TTE(CONT), 9    9% and 8    8% for CMR(CONT), 6    5% and 7    4% for CMR( @entity655 ) and 3    2% and 2    2% for CMR(SPVT). CONCLUSION: There was an excellent agreement between the EOA estimated by the CMR( @entity655 ) or CMR(SPVT) methods and: 1) the theoretical EOA in vitro, and 2) the TTE(CONT) EOA in vivo. The CMR(SPVT) method was superior to the TTE and other CMR methods in terms of measurement variability. The novel CMR-based methods proposed in this study may be helpful to corroborate @entity850 severity in @entity1 for whom Doppler-echocardiography exam is inconclusive.

title: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance evaluation of XXXX severity using single plane measurement of effective orifice area.

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['jet shear layer detection', 'JSLD']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: 25 @entity1641 which entered the clinic for minor surgery, received @entity3652 (2.2 mg/kg i.v.) for induction of anesthesia after previous sedation with @entity4763 (1.1 mg/kg i.v.). As soon as the @entity1641 were in the lateral recumbency, the @entity1245 derivate @entity46166 was administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. (10 @entity1641 ) or 0.2 mg/kg i.v. (15 @entity1641 ). The anesthesia was maintained with repeated injections of @entity3652 (1.1 mg/kg i.v. every 9-12 minutes). At the end of the surgery, 20 minutes after the last @entity3652 injection, Ro 15-3505, a @entity1245 antagonist, was injected at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg i.v. or 0.02 mg/kg i.v. @entity46166 successfully suppressed the adverse reactions of @entity3652 , such as poor @entity121 , @entity7804 and @entity410 . The @entity1245 antagonist @entity46167 allowed good control of the duration of anesthesia and--in most cases--a smooth, predictable recovery period was the result.

title: [Anesthesia by injection of @entity4763 , @entity3652 and the @entity1245 derivative @entity46166 and the use of the XXXX antagonist Ro 15-3505].

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['hyperacusis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity46166 :: ('MESH:C035147', 'Chemical') :: ['climazolam', 'Climazolam']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: AIM: To compare masticatory performance, masticatory efficiency and residual ridge resorption (RRR) in @entity3604 and non- @entity3604 edentulous subjects after rehabilitation with complete dentures. METHOD: Thirty subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled from the @entity1 visiting the Department of Prosthodontics for complete denture fabrication. Two groups consisting of control subjects (group I; N = 15) and @entity3604 subjects (group II; N = 15) were formed. Complete dentures satisfying certain criteria were fabricated for both groups. Masticatory performance and efficiency were measured 6 months after denture insertion. Areal measurements were taken on lateral cephalograms before and 6 months after denture fabrication. The data were then computed to analyse differences between groups I and II using SPSS statistical software version 15.0. RESULTS: Six months after denture fabrication, the masticatory performance and efficiency were significantly higher (p < 0.001) for group I, with a significant decrease in maxillary and mandibular sagittal area seen in both groups. The rate of @entity604 was more in group II compared with group I. CONCLUSION: Greater masticatory function was demonstrated by the non- @entity3604 group, and the rate of RRR was more in the @entity3604 group compared with the normal group. In this pilot study, @entity170 leads to greater RRR, decreased masticatory performance and efficiency in edentulous subjects 6 months after denture insertion. Screening for @entity170 is suggested as a routine procedure for all edentulous subjects undergoing rehabilitation. Recall check-ups for @entity3604 @entity1 should be more frequent, and these @entity1 may require more frequent denture remakes.

title: The effect of XXXX on residual ridge resorption and masticatory performance in denture wearers.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: A consecutive series of @entity1 with a @entity692 -coated uncemented total knee replacement (TKR) performed by a single surgeon between 1992 and 1995 was analysed. All @entity1 were invited for clinical review and radiological assessment. Revision for @entity1349 was the primary outcome. Assessment was based on the Knee Society clinical score (KSS) and an independent radiological analysis. Of 471 TKRs performed in 356 @entity1 , 432 TKRs in 325 @entity1 were followed for a mean of 16.4 years (15 to 18). The 39  TKRs in 31 @entity1 lost to follow-up had a mean KSS of 176 (148 to 198) at a mean of ten years. There were revisions in 26 TKRs (5.5%), of which 11 (2.3%) were for @entity1349 . Other further surgery was carried out on 49 TKRs (10.4%) including patellar resurfacing in 20, arthrolysis in 19, manipulation under anaesthetic in nine and extensor mechanism reconstruction in one. Survivorship at up to 18 years without @entity1349 was 96% (95% confidence interval 91.9 to 98.1), at which point the mean KSS was 176 (134 to 200). Of 110 knees that underwent radiological evaluation, @entity3061 was observed in five (4.5%), one of which was revised. These data indicate that uncemented @entity692 -coated TKR can achieve favourable long-term survivorship, at least as good as that of cemented designs.

title: Long-term outcome in an uncemented, XXXX -coated total knee replacement: a 15- to 18-year survivorship analysis.

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12408 encodes @entity12408 , a member of the AAA protein family, and is the major gene responsible for @entity9718 . It accounts for 10-40% of families with pure (or eventually complicated) hereditary @entity3500 (HSP). OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of @entity12408 mutation in @entity1 with @entity451 but without family histories. METHODS: 146 mostly European probands with progressive @entity451 were studied (103 with pure @entity451 and 43 with additional features). Major neurological causes of @entity451 were excluded. None had a family history of @entity451 . DNA was screened by DHPLC for mutations in the 17 coding exons of the @entity12408 gene. Sequence variants were characterised by direct sequencing. A panel of 600 control chromosomes was used to rule out polymorphisms. RESULTS: The overall rate of mutations was 12%; 19 different mutations were identified in 18 @entity1 , 13 of which were novel. In one family, where both parents were examined and found to be normal, the mutation was transmitted by the asymptomatic mother, indicating reduced penetrance. The parents of other @entity1 were not available for analysis but were reported to be normal. There was no evidence for de novo mutations. The mutations found in these apparently isolated @entity1 were mostly of the missense type and tended to be associated with a less severe phenotype than previously described in @entity1 with inherited mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The unexpected presence of @entity12408 gene mutations in @entity1 with @entity451 suggests that gene testing should be done in individuals with pure or complicated @entity451 without family histories.

title: @entity12408 mutations are frequent in XXXX and their spectrum is different from that observed in familial cases.

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia', 'sporadic spastic paraplegia', 'paraplegia']

answer: @entity3500 :: (MESH:D020336,Disease) :: ['sporadic spastic paraparesis']


abstract: @entity8817 ( @entity8817 ) is characterized by the presence of @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) for 6 months or more in individuals who have normal muscle enzymes and no clinically significant @entity425 . The aim of the study was to investigate the initial laboratory data, clinical manifestations, complications, and clinical outcomes of @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity8817 . We reported 16 cases with the cutaneous findings of @entity6017 without clinical or laboratory evidence of @entity121 for at least 2 years after onset of the skin manifestations in the Department of Dermatology and Rheumatology at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital between 1998 and 2004. All @entity1 had Gottron's papules, periungual @entity8721 , and violaceous discoloration of the face, neck, upper chest, and back at some time during the course of their disease. Follow-up of 1 to 10 years after diagnosis found @entity425 in three @entity1 (18.75%) within 5 years of diagnosis. One @entity1 (6.15%) was rediagnosed as @entity9821 ( @entity9821 ). Four @entity1 (25%) had associated @entity5 . Twelve @entity1 (75%) had radiographic evidence indicative of @entity82 irrespective of respiratory symptoms. @entity1 with @entity8817 appear to be at risk for developing the same potentially fatal disease complications as those @entity1 with @entity6017 (e.g., @entity401 and @entity5 ). These cases further emphasize that the cutaneous manifestations of @entity6017 are pathognomonic for @entity6017 and we propose the term @entity6017 -like @entity272 as a better designation than @entity8817 to describe this distinctive subset of cutaneous symptoms. @entity6017 -like @entity272 is a complex syndrome, which includes the characteristic cutaneous eruption of @entity6017 without clinical evidence of @entity121 . Our findings suggest that @entity1 diagnosed with this syndrome are at risk for fatal @entity401 , @entity5 , and/or delayed onset of @entity6017 or @entity9821 . Cautious systematic clinical trials should be considered for this group of @entity1 .

title: @entity8817 or XXXX -like @entity272 : retrospective review of 16 cases with @entity8817 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'Dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['erythema/telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['internal malignancy', 'malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity9821 :: ('MESH:D008179', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus', 'CCLE']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['amyopathic dermatomyositis', 'Amyopathic dermatomyositis', 'ADM']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['dermatomyositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) provide assessment of vestibular function. They consist in picking up compound muscle action potentials in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles in response to auditory stimulation of the vestibulum. VEMP testing has found application mainly in peripheral @entity394 , whereas reports about VEMPs in central @entity394 are rather scarce. AIMS OF THE STUDY: Based on the physiological connections between the cerebellum and the vestibular nuclei, we investigated the influence on VEMPs of cerebellar and @entity64 . We examined whether or not this method may be suitable as a clinical tool for the evaluation of the extent of @entity64 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with cerebellar @entity385 and 15 @entity1 with lower-brainstem @entity385 (11 in the pons, four in the medulla) were included. The latencies and amplitudes of @entity4668 and N23 in both groups of @entity1 were compared with those obtained in a control group of 53 normal individuals. RESULTS: VEMP responses were obtained in all @entity1 and controls. At the group level, mean peak latencies and amplitudes, and the number of subjects with significantly deviant values did not differ between @entity1 and controls. There were no latency or amplitude differences ipsilaterally or contralaterally to the lesion. At the individual level, there was no correlation between laterality of lesion and that of @entity4668 or N23 abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity64 ; however, there were two @entity1 (one pontine, one @entity64 ) who presented @entity4668 and N23 latency @entity66 . CONCLUSION: @entity64 do not influence VEMPs. Moreover, despite previous reports, we were unable to find at a group level any statistically significant VEMP changes in @entity1 with @entity64 as compared with controls. Therefore, VEMPs do not appear a suitable tool for assessment of brainstem integrity in @entity1 with posterior fossa @entity64 . However, they could constitute a sensitive method for documentation of involvement of the central vestibular pathways in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Diagnostic value of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in cerebellar and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['medullar stroke', 'Cerebellar strokes', 'strokes', 'lower-brainstem strokes', 'brainstem stroke', 'cerebellar strokes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities ipsilaterally to the lesion']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular disorders', 'vestibular lesions']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['lower-brainstem strokes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Both @entity1205 and @entity900 have moderate activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . We performed a multicenter phase II study in order to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of the combination of these two agents in @entity1 with advanced @entity189 of the urothelium. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 not amenable to curative surgery or irradiation were enrolled onto this cooperative group study and treated on an outpatient basis with @entity1205 75 mg/m2 followed by @entity900 75 mg/m2, both administered intravenously. @entity1261 was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg daily from day 5 until resolution of @entity1398 . The chemotherapy was administered every three weeks for a maximum of six courses in @entity1 without evidence of progressive disease. RESULTS: Thirty-four of sixty-six @entity1 (52%, 95% confidence interval 40%-64%) demonstrated objective responses, with eight achieving clinical complete responses and twenty-six partial responses. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the @entity1 most likely to respond were those without lung metastasis and without @entity353 before treatment. The median duration of response was 6.1 months and the median times to progression and survival for all @entity1 were 5 and 8 months, respectively. Absence of @entity417 , of liver metastases and of @entity353 correlated with longer survival. Grade > or = 3 @entity137 included @entity3028 in 33% of @entity1 , @entity417 in 14%, @entity294 in 13% and emesis in 7% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1205 and @entity900 appeared relatively well tolerated and moderately active in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . The @entity1 most likely to benefit were those without @entity353 and without lung or liver metastases.

title: @entity1205 and @entity900 combination chemotherapy in advanced XXXX of the urothelium: a multicenter phase II study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sacrococcygeal @entity3580 presents a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problem, with a high rate of local recurrence. The purpose of this report is to define the importance of adequate surgical treatment for optimum outcome and survival. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 underwent surgical treatment for sacrococcygeal @entity3580 between 1980 and 2001. The series included eighteen female @entity1 and thirty-four male @entity1 , with an average age of fifty-six years (range, thirteen to seventy-six years) at the time of the diagnosis. The surgical approach depended on the level and extent of the lesion, with a posterior approach performed in twenty-two @entity1 and a combined anteroposterior approach used in thirty. A wide surgical margin was achieved in twenty-one @entity1 . RESULTS: At an average of 7.8 years (range, 2.1 to twenty-three years) postoperatively, twenty-three @entity1 were alive with no evidence of disease. Twenty-three @entity1 (44%) had local recurrence. The rate of recurrence-free survival was 59% at five years and 46% at ten years. The overall survival rates were 74%, 52%, and 47% at five years, ten years, and fifteen years, respectively. The most important predictor of survival was a wide margin. All @entity1 with a wide margin survived, and this survival rate was significantly different from that for @entity1 who had had either marginal or intralesional excision (p = 0.0001). Of the twenty-one @entity1 with a wide margin, seventeen (81%) had undergone a combined anteroposterior approach and only four had been treated with a posterior approach. CONCLUSIONS: A wide surgical margin is the most important predictor of survival and of local recurrence in @entity1 with sacrococcygeal @entity3580 . Use of a combined anteroposterior approach increases the likelihood of obtaining a wide margin. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV.

title: Operative management of sacral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: Extracellular @entity855 plays an important role in the regulation of @entity4770 and @entity842 release from vascular endothelial cells. These cellular responses to @entity855 are generally attributed to the stimulation of the P2y subtype of P2 purinergic receptors. However, it has recently been suggested that two types of @entity855 receptors might coexist on endothelial cells. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined the effects of P2y receptor agonists @entity20483 ( @entity20483 ) and 2'- and @entity22657 ( @entity22657 ) and of @entity856 on the accumulation of @entity7256 in @entity291 aortic endothelial cells. @entity22657 , 2MeSATP, and @entity856 produced a smaller maximal effect than @entity855 . The effects of 2MeSATP and @entity856 were additive, whereas the effects of @entity855 and either @entity856 or 2MeSATP were not. Prior exposure to @entity856 reduced the subsequent response to @entity856 to 12% of the control response, whereas the response to 2MeSATP was decreased to 61%. Reciprocally, preincubation with 2MeSATP reduced the subsequent response to 2MeSATP to 23% of the control response, whereas the response to @entity856 was reduced to 73%. Pertussis toxin pretreatment decreased the response to both @entity855 and @entity856 (65% and 70% inhibition, respectively), whereas the response to 2MeSATP was not modified. Our data support the hypothesis that two classes of receptors recognizing @entity855 are expressed on @entity291 aortic endothelial cells.

title: Heterogeneity of XXXX receptors in aortic endothelial cells. Involvement of P2y and P2u receptors in inositol phosphate response.

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity20483 :: ('MESH:C008501', 'Chemical') :: ['2MeSATP', "2-methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity22657 :: ('MESH:C033901', 'Chemical') :: ["3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate", 'BzATP']

entities_list: @entity7256 :: ('MESH:D007295', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphates']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the reliability of two approaches to measuring enhancing brain @entity5 volumes--the conventional manual trace method and a threshold-based, semiautomated computer software method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two operators rated contrast material-enhanced, T1-weighted axial magnetic resonance (MR) image data sets from 16 @entity1 aged 21-71 years with high-grade @entity11 . Each MR data set was rated twice by using manual tracing and twice by using the semiautomated method. The semiautomated measurement method involved a thresholding algorithm based on mixture modeling. The data collection time for each method was recorded. Reliability was measured by using inter- and intraoperator agreement indexes. RESULTS: Mean intraoperator agreement indexes (+/- SD) were 0.90 +/- 0.09 (operator 1) and 0.83 +/- 0.15 (operator 2) for the manual trace method and 0.83 +/- 0.17 (operator 1) and 0.84 +/- 0.16 (operator 2) for the semiautomated measurement method. The mean interoperator agreement was 0.85 +/- 0.14 for the manual method and 0.82 +/- 0.18 for the semiautomated method. The semiautomated method was faster than the manual trace method by an average of 4.6 minutes per @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The semiautomated computer method of measuring @entity5 volume was faster than the manual trace method. Semiautomated computer approaches offer an alternative to manual tracing for measuring serial @entity5 volumes in @entity1 with high-grade @entity1313 .

title: XXXX : comparison of manual and semiautomated methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain neoplasms']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain tumor volume measurement']


abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a potential new class of antimicrobial drugs with potent and broad-spectrum activities. However, knowledge about the mechanisms and rates of resistance development to AMPs and the resulting effects on fitness and cross-resistance is limited. We isolated antimicrobial peptide ( @entity860 ) resistant @entity8926 mutants by serially passaging several independent bacterial lineages in progressively increasing concentrations of LL-37, CNY100HL and @entity3505 Germ Histones. Significant @entity860 resistance developed in 15/18 independent bacterial lineages. Resistance mutations were identified by whole genome sequencing in two-component signal transduction systems (pmrB and phoP) as well as in the @entity558 core biosynthesis pathway (waaY, also designated rfaY). In most cases, resistance was associated with a reduced fitness, observed as a decreased growth rate, which was dependent on growth conditions and mutation type. Importantly, mutations in waaY decreased bacterial susceptibility to all tested AMPs and the mutant outcompeted the wild type parental strain at @entity860 concentrations below the MIC for the wild type. Our data suggests that resistance to antimicrobial peptides can develop rapidly through mechanisms that confer cross-resistance to several AMPs. Importantly, @entity860 -resistant mutants can have a competitive advantage over the wild type strain at @entity860 concentrations similar to those found near @entity1 epithelial cells. These results suggest that resistant mutants could both be selected de novo and maintained by exposure to our own natural repertoire of defence molecules.

title: Mechanisms and fitness costs of resistance to antimicrobial peptides LL-37, CNY100HL and XXXX germ histones.

entities_list: @entity8926 :: ('99287', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium LT2']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6058 is approved for the relief of @entity282 but concerns have been raised over a possible risk of serious adverse effects and @entity204 . Two regulatory reviews in Europe on the safety of @entity6058 found the data were inconclusive and lacked comparison with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of serious adverse effects with @entity6058 vs @entity3522 or @entity7988 in adult @entity1 after elective major surgery. METHODS: This prospective, randomized multicentre trial evaluated the risks of @entity204 , increased surgical site @entity548 , @entity360 , @entity810 , and @entity56 , with @entity6058 vs @entity3522 or @entity7988 administered according to their approved parenteral and oral dose and duration of treatment. @entity1 were followed for 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 11,245 @entity1 completed the trial at 49 European hospitals. Of these, 5634 @entity1 received @entity6058 and 5611 @entity1 received one of the comparators. 155 @entity1 (1.38%) had a serious adverse outcome, with 19 deaths (0. 17%), 117 @entity1 with surgical site @entity548 (1.04%), 12 @entity1 with @entity56 (0.12%), 10 @entity1 with @entity810 (0.09%), and four @entity1 with @entity360 (0.04%). There were no differences between @entity6058 and @entity7988 or @entity3522 . Postoperative anticoagulants increased the risk of surgical site @entity548 equally with @entity6058 (odds ratio=2.65, 95% CI=1.51-4.67) and the comparators (odds ratio=3.58, 95% CI=1.93-6.70). Other risk factors for serious adverse outcomes were age, ASA score, and some types of surgery (plastic/ear, nose and throat, gynaecology, and urology). CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity6058 is as safe as @entity7988 and @entity3522 for the treatment of @entity158 after major surgery.

title: XXXX , @entity3522 , and @entity7988 are equally safe for @entity158 relief after major surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac', 'Ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity6058 :: (MESH:D020910,Chemical) :: ['Ketorolac']


abstract: The potent non-peptide B2 receptor (R) antagonist, Anatibant mesylate (Ms) (LF 16-0687 Ms), reduces @entity2657 and improves neurological function recovery in various focal and diffuse models of @entity131 in rodents. In the present study, alteration of @entity29138 and @entity15347 after @entity6075 ( @entity6075 ) and in vivo binding properties of Anatibant Ms (3 mg/kg, s.c.) injected 30 min after @entity6075 were studied in @entity19 by autoradiography using the radioligands [125I]HPP- @entity19616 ( @entity15347 ), and [125I]HPP-des- @entity534 10- @entity19616 ( @entity29138 ). Whereas @entity29138 is barely detected in most brain regions, @entity15347 is extensively distributed, displaying the highest densities in the hindbrain. @entity6075 was associated with a slight increase of @entity29138 and a decrease of @entity15347 (10-50%) in several brain regions. Anatibant Ms (Ki = 22 pM) displaced the @entity15347 radioligand from its binding sites in several areas of the forebrain, basal ganglia and hindbrain. Displacement was achieved in 1 h and persisted at 4 h post-injection. The inhibition did not exceed 50% of the total specific binding in non-injured @entity19 . After @entity6075 , the displacement by Anatibant Ms was higher and almost complete in the cortex, caudate putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, medial geniculate nucleus, ventral tegmental area, and raphe. @entity5934 in brain tissue at 4 h after @entity6075 was abolished by Anatibant Ms. It appeared that Anatibant Ms penetrated into the brain in sufficient amounts, particularly after disruption of the blood-brain barrier, to account for its @entity15347 -mediated neuro- and vascular protective effects. The diminished binding of @entity15347 after @entity6075 may reflect the occupancy or internalization of @entity15347 following the endogenous production of @entity1812 (BK).

title: Autoradiographic analysis of @entity19 brain @entity29138 and B2 receptors after XXXX and ability of Anatibant mesylate to cross the blood-brain barrier.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head trauma', 'CHT']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans blue extravasation']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity6075 :: (MESH:D016489,Disease) :: ['closed head trauma']


abstract: Almost two decades after the safe motherhood initiative, maternal mortality figures remain very high in Nigeria. Very few studies are available on the features of maternal mortality in rural Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and causes of maternal mortality in a rural referral hospital in the @entity3456 Delta, Nigeria. An audit of 115 consecutive maternal mortalities over a 10-year period at a rural-based tertiary hospital was undertaken. There were 5,153 deliveries and 115 maternal deaths during the study period, with a maternal mortality ratio of 2,232/100,000 live births. The most common causes of maternal mortalities were @entity295 , @entity532 , @entity1468 / @entity3036 , @entity1162 , @entity548 accounting for 33%, 22.6%, 17.4%, 13.0% and 7.8%, respectively. The percentage mortality for unbooked was 10 times that for booked @entity1 . Unbooked status is a risk factor for maternal mortality as this was statistically significant p < 0.0001. Traditional birth attendants were involved in the initial management of at least two-fifths (38.2%) of the non-abortion mortalities while half had been managed in private hospitals and maternities. Maternal mortality will continue to increase unless appropriate steps are taken to improve the use of antenatal care, thereby reducing unbooked emergencies. Hospitals need to be equipped with facilities for emergency obstetric care. Continuous programmes that will integrate TBAs and orthodox practices should be put in place as this will reduce delays and improve referral systems.

title: Maternal mortality in a rural referral hospital in the XXXX Delta, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['puerperal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['abortion complications']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged obstructed labour']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic or endoscopic limited resection is intended to be an additional therapeutic option for the treatment of early @entity356 . However, tumorbiologic markers to predict the outcome for @entity1 after limited resections are missing. This study therefore investigated the prognostic relevance of @entity876 and @entity588 immunoreactivity as well as the percentage of apoptotic @entity5 cells in early invasive @entity2558 /pT2 @entity5 managed with standard operations for @entity356 . METHODS: Histologic slides of 65 @entity2558 /pT2 @entity356 were investigated for @entity588 and @entity876 immunoreactivity. For 35 @entity1 , DNA fragmentation of @entity5 cell nuclei was determined by the terminal @entity20548 ( @entity856 ) nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. Follow-up evaluation of the @entity1 was prospectively documented for 53.4 +/- 4.1 months. RESULTS: Findings showed that @entity588 immunoreactivity was associated with @entity5 of the intestinal type according to Lauren s classification (p = 0.042), and that @entity876 immunoreactivity was increased in more @entity3 ( @entity2558 vs pT2 @entity5 ; p = 0.047). Mean survival time was significantly longer for @entity1 with @entity588 -negative @entity5 (74.3 +/- 6.8 months) than for @entity1 with @entity588 -positive @entity5 (50.8 +/- 7.6 months; p = 0.024). The percentage of apoptotic @entity5 cell nuclei did not have prognostic relevance in the population studied and was not associated with several histopathologic parameters or @entity588 and @entity876 immunoreactivity. Subgroup analysis indicated that the survival of @entity1 with differentiated G2 and @entity588 -negative/ @entity876 -negative @entity5 was significantly longer (82 +/- 6 months) than the survival of @entity1 with G2 @entity588 - and/or @entity876 -positive @entity5 (41.8 +/- 12.5 months; p = 0.005), with independent prognostic relevance determined by multivariate analysis (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: The data reported indicate that the analysis of @entity588 and @entity876 immunoreactivity seems to have prognostic implications for early invasive ( @entity2558 /pT2) gastric @entity420 and may subclassify @entity1 for minimally invasive laparoscopic or endoscopic gastric resections.

title: Prognostic relevance of XXXX and @entity588 immunoreactivity for early invasive @entity2558 /pT2 @entity356 : indicators for limited gastric resections?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity20548 :: ('CHEBI:15713', 'Chemical') :: ["uridine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Due to a variety of known and unknown control mechanisms, the @entity1 genome is remarkably stable when compared to most other species. The long latency periods of most solid @entity5 , during which the cell undergoes malignant transformation, are presumably due to this stability. The molecular basis responsible for the induction of genetic instability and the resultant biological characteristics manifest in @entity5 populations is not well understood. The discovery of both oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes, however, has placed the phenomenon of @entity1 genome stability on a more solid conceptual footing. These types of genes clearly place multiple barriers to oncogenic transformation, and traversing these barriers apparently requires both time and the accumulation of @entity74 that cannot be corrected. The evolution of @entity5 can, therefore, be predicted to be due to: (1) consistent and progressive loss of @entity5 suppressor genes; (2) gene amplification, resulting in the over-expression of proteins that aid in @entity5 progression; (3) gene mutation, which alters the orderly biochemistry of the normal cell; (4) genes that allow a cell like the melanocyte to escape the confining nature of the epidermis and to invade through the dermis into the circulatory and lymphatic systems in order to disseminate itself to other organs (e.g., proteolytic enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, integrins, metastases genes, chemotactic factors etc.); (5) factors, perhaps such as @entity6474 , that may impact negatively on MHC antigens and confuse host defense mechanisms; and (6) S.O.S.-type genes, which may be expressed as a direct response to the accumulating damage in an attempt to correct the damage, but that may then become part of the problem instead of the solution. The extraordinary plasticity and instability of the genome of a @entity320 cell suggests an inordinate amount of genetic flux. In addition to activating and inactivating various genes, this constant shuffling and rearranging of the genome in @entity5 such as MM may be constantly altering gene dose. Cytogenetic and molecular biological studies have been the Rosetta stone for understanding the etiological relevant genetic events in @entity1 @entity5 . Genetic alterations fundamental to the pathology of MM have begun to be defined. Studies designed to understand these perturbations at the biochemical and organismic level are underway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Molecular genetics of XXXX @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasias', 'cancers', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']