abstract: Background. Radiotherapy has been utilized for metastatic and recurrent @entity421 and @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ), in order to provide palliation and possibly prolong overall or progression-free survival. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is convenient for @entity1 and offers the possibility of increased efficacy. We report our early institutional experience using SBRT for recurrent and @entity3 and @entity2828 . Methods. We reviewed all cases of @entity421 or @entity2828 treated with SBRT between 2008 and 2012. Results. We identified 14 @entity1 with a total of 27 lesions from @entity421 (n = 19) or @entity2828 (n = 8). The median total curative/definitive SBRT dose delivered was 40   Gy in 5 fractions (range, 30-60   Gy in 3-10 fractions). The median total palliative SBRT dose delivered was 40   Gy in 5 fractions (range, 16-50   Gy in 1-10 fractions). Two grade 2 and 1 grade 3 late @entity137 occurred, consisting of myonecrosis, @entity2530 with @entity174 , and @entity60862 . @entity137 was seen in the settings of concurrent chemotherapy and reirradiation. Conclusions. This descriptive report suggests that SBRT may be a feasible local treatment option for @entity1 with @entity421 and @entity2828 . However, significant @entity137 can result, and thus systematic study is warranted to clarify efficacy and characterize long-term @entity137 .

title: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for metastatic and recurrent ewing sarcoma and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity60862 :: ('MESH:C537224', 'Disease') :: ['sacral plexopathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pathologic fracture']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4583 Background: We previously identified an association between PFS at 2 years ( @entity16450 ) and 3 years (PFS3) with @entity1349 at 5 years ( @entity26885 ) in a multicenter database of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity150 undergoing surgery alone or with adjuvant chemotherapy. We aimed to validate the association using IPD from randomized trials comparing surgery (S) or radiotherapy (XRT) alone or with NC that were included in a meta-analysis conducted by the ABCMAC group. METHODS: Kappa (k) statistics were used to estimate agreement of PFS and @entity1349 . Values of k>0.6 were considered 'substantial'; k>0.8 considered 'almost perfect'. Individual level associations between @entity16450 and PFS3 with @entity26885 were examined using Cox proportional-hazards regression models with all @entity1 censored at 5 years. RESULTS: IPD were available from 7 randomized trials (2,127 @entity1 ) that reported both PFS and @entity1349 . Overall, the number of @entity1 who progressed or died was 1,129 (53.1%) at 2 years and 1,241 (58.3%) at 3 years. There were 1,306 @entity204 by 5 years (61.4%). The overall agreement (k) between @entity16450 and @entity26885 was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72-0.82), and between PFS3 and @entity26885 was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78-0.84) Agreements were similar when analyzed by stage (T2N0 vs. >= T3-T4N0), with or without NC, and for S or XRT. Those who did not progress by 2 years (median survival 7.59 years, 95% CI: 7.38 - 7.85) or 3 years (median survival 7.64 years, 95% CI=7.42 - 7.91) were more likely to survive to 5 years compared with those who had progressed (HR=1.84 for both @entity16450 and PFS3, p<0.0001, 95%CI: 1.50-2.26). Internal validation using the "leave-one-out" method confirmed the association of both @entity16450 and PFS3 with @entity26885 (HRs ranged from 1.23 to 3.97). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of IPD from the meta-analysis database supported individual level associations between both @entity16450 and PFS3 and @entity26885 for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity150 undergoing local therapy with and without NC. These data validate the previously demonstrated association between PFS and @entity1349 , which could accelerate the completion of trials of perioperative systemic therapy for @entity150 .

title: Association of progression-free survival (PFS) at 2 or 3 years with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) at 5 years for locally advanced XXXX ( @entity150 ): Evaluation of individual @entity1 data (IPD) from seven randomized trials comparing local therapy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC).

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 are known to spread rapidly to locoregional lymph nodes and by transcoelomic spread to the peritoneal cavity. Staging laparoscopy combined with peritoneal cytology can detect advanced disease that may not be apparent on other staging investigations. The aim of this study was to determine the current value of staging laparoscopy and peritoneal cytology in light of the ubiquitous use of computed tomography in all @entity5 and the addition of positron emission tomography in @entity5 . METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing staging laparoscopy for distal oesophageal or @entity356 between March 2007 and August 2013 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic details, preoperative staging, staging laparoscopy findings, cytology and histopathology results were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 317 @entity1 were identified: 159 (50.1%) had @entity356 , 136 (43.0%) @entity420 and 22 (6.9%) oesophageal @entity957 . Staging laparoscopy revealed macroscopic @entity3 in 36 @entity1 (22.6%) with @entity356 and 16 @entity1 (11.8%) with @entity420 . Positive peritoneal cytology in the absence of macroscopic peritoneal @entity3 was identified in a further five @entity1 with @entity356 and six @entity1 with @entity420 . There was no significant difference in survival between @entity1 with @entity6378 and those with positive peritoneal cytology (p=0.219). CONCLUSIONS: Staging laparoscopy and peritoneal cytology should be performed routinely in the staging of distal oesophageal and @entity356 where other investigations indicate resectability. Currently, in our opinion, @entity1 with positive peritoneal cytology should not be treated with curative intent.

title: The current role of staging laparoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Oesophagogastric cancers', 'oesophageal cancer', 'oesophagogastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic peritoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophagogastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of @entity1494 managed successfully by augmentation ureterocystoplasty (UCP) together with bladder neck surgery and continent diversion. @entity1 : Two @entity1 , age 5 and 1 years respectively, had augmentation UCP. The left refluxing megaureter was used in the first case together with bladder neck reconstruction. In the second @entity1 , bilateral obstructed magaureters were used in tandem together with bladder neck division. Both @entity1 had appendicovesicostomy according to Mitrofanoff. RESULTS: In follow-up for over 5 years, both @entity1 are continent with improved upper urinary tracts and normal or stable renal function. They are managed by clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) via the continent stoma with bladder capacities of 220 cc and 150 cc, respectively. Cystogram showed no @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ). The procedures were considered to be successful although one @entity1 was on oxybutinin because urodynamics showed high intravesical pressures. CONCLUSIONS: Augmentation UCP should be considered in @entity1 with @entity1494 when a suitable megaureter is available. This may be combined with simultaneous bladder neck reconstruction together with a continent diversion.

title: Augmentation ureterocystoplasty in XXXX : 5-year follow-up in two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteric reflux', 'VUR']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder exstrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of serum troponin I ( @entity60317 ) estimations in the early risk stratification of @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) subsequently diagnosed as @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 86 @entity1 admitted to the Coronary Care Unit of the Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait, with a diagnosis of @entity1187 on admission ( @entity60317 -1) and after 8 h ( @entity60317 -2) and 16 h ( @entity60317 -3). Blood was also collected from 38 age-matched healthy controls for comparison. Serum @entity60317 was measured by paramagnetic particle chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS: Serum @entity60317 of < 0.05 ng/ml, corresponding to the 99th percentile, was established for healthy subjects. @entity1 diagnosed as @entity1459 had a 99th percentile @entity60317 -1 value of about 0.30 ng/ml. The best specificity and sensitivity for @entity1187 was obtained for @entity60317 -2; indeed, @entity60317 -2 > 0.3 ng/ml gave a > 80% certainty of diagnosis of @entity583 . Also, @entity60317 -2 < 0.3 ng/ml in @entity1187 @entity1 was approximately 80% sensitive for the diagnosis of @entity1459 but relatively nonspecific (approximately 40%). Specificity for @entity60317 -2 for the diagnosis of @entity1459 improved to about 90% by narrowing the diagnostic range to 0.05-0.3 ng/ml. @entity60317 values in @entity1459 increased by < 100% at 8 h, while in @entity583 , this increase was up to 1,000%. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation of @entity1187 , admission and 8-hour serum @entity60317 < 0.05 ng/ml is probably not cardiac in origin; serum @entity60317 > 0.3 ng/ml on admission and increasing rapidly by 8 h is likely @entity583 , and serum @entity60317 > 0.05 and < 0.3 ng/ml on admission with a mild increase by 8 h is likely due to @entity1459 .

title: Establishing a gradient of risk in @entity1 with XXXX using troponin I measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: Craniectomy defects following resection of @entity75 are most often reconstructed using on-table manufacturing. With the advent of computer-aided design/manufacturing and customized craniofacial implants (CCIs), there seems to be more suited alternatives. In this study, the authors report their institutional experience and outcome using immediate, single-stage, CCI-based reconstruction for benign and @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of all implant cranioplasties performed between 2011 and 2014, by a single craniofacial surgeon at a tertiary academic medical institution was performed. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans with 3D reconstruction were performed for the purpose of assessing adequate resection and reconstructive outcomes. Primary endpoints included length of surgery, predicted defect versus postoperative implant surface area, contour irregularities, and complications. RESULTS: Of the 108 @entity1 with cranioplasty identified, 7 @entity1 were found to undergo immediate CCI-based reconstruction for calvarial @entity5 ; 4 @entity1 (4/7, 57%) presented with malignant pathology. All defects were >5cm. As compared with their original size, all implants were modified intraoperatively between 0.2% and 40.8%, with a mean of 13.8%. With follow-up ranging between 1 and 16 months, there were no implant-related complications identified. The immediate and long-term aesthetic results, as well as @entity1 satisfaction, were ideal. CONCLUSION: With this preliminary experience, the authors have successfully demonstrated that immediate customized implant reconstructive techniques, by way of intraoperative modification, are both safe and feasible for benign and @entity5 . The authors believe that with wider acceptance of this multidisciplinary approach and increased surgeon familiarity, this technique will soon become the reconstructive standard of care.

title: Immediate Single-Stage Cranioplasty Following Calvarial Resection for Benign and XXXX Using Customized Craniofacial Implants.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant skull neoplasms', 'neoplasms', 'malignant skull neoplasm defects']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant Skull Neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8921 nana is among the most common intestinal parasitic @entity281 causing a public health threat in poor communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of H. nana @entity281 and associated risk factors among preschool @entity1 of displacement communities in Khartoum state, Sudan. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in May 2013 in displacement camps, Khartoum state, Sudan. A simple random sample of preschool @entity1 from the displacement camps, aged between 1 and 5 years, were included. Information was collected by presenting a questionnaire and taking 500 fresh stool specimens which were examined microscopically for the presence of eggs, using direct saline and formal-ether concentration techniques. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. nana was determined to be 32.6% (163/500), 95% CI (28.5%-36.9%). Infections of H. nana were more prevalent among males than females, and this association was statistically significant (P  <  0.001, OR  =  2.125, 95% CI  =  1.452-3.108). H. nana @entity281 were significantly prevalent among the older age group (2.6-5.0 years) (P  <  0.001, OR  =  2.909, 95% CI  =  1.914-4.420). Approximately 76.7% of infected preschool @entity1 had @entity294 and it was significantly associated with H. nana @entity281 (P  <  0.001, OR  =  9.45, 95% CI  =  6.10-14.64). None of the preschool @entity1 had access to a clean water supply. No significant association was found between use of latrines and @entity281 of H. nana (P  =  0.56, OR  =  0.880, 95% CI  =  0.73-1.763). CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence rate of H. nana @entity281 among preschool @entity1 of displacement camps in Khartoum state, Sudan. Being male, aged between 2.6 and 5.0 years, and having @entity294 were identified as important risk factors for H. nana @entity281 . Measures including health education, environmental hygiene, water supply and treatment should be taken into account to reduce the high prevalence of H. nana.

title: The prevalence of @entity8921 nana among preschool XXXX of displacement communities in Khartoum state, Sudan: A  cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8921 :: ('MESH:D006925', 'Disease') :: ['Hymenolepis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Differences in cognition between @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) are well described in clinical cohorts, but have rarely been confirmed in studies with pathologic verification. For emerging therapeutics to succeed, determining underlying pathology early in the disease course is increasingly important. Neuropsychological evaluation is an important component of the diagnostic workup for @entity195 and @entity4943 . @entity1 with @entity4943 are thought to have greater deficits in language and executive function while @entity1 with @entity195 are more likely to have deficits in memory. OBJECTIVES: To determine if performance on initial cognitive testing can reliably distinguish between @entity1 with @entity747 ( @entity747 ) and @entity195 neuropathology. In addition, are there other factors of the neuropsychological assessment that can be used to enhance the accuracy of underlying pathology? METHODS: Using a logistic regression we retrospectively compared neurocognitive performance on initial evaluation of 106 @entity1 with pathologically verified @entity747 (pvFTLD), with 558 pathologically verified @entity195 (pvAD) @entity1 from the National @entity195 Center using data from the Uniform Data Set (UDS) and the neuropathology data set. RESULTS: As expected, pvFTLD @entity1 were younger, demonstrated better memory performance, and had more neuropsychiatric symptoms than pvAD @entity1 . Other results were less predictable: pvFTLD @entity1 performed better on one test of executive function (trail making test part B) but worse on another (digit span backward). Performance on language testing did not strongly distinguish the 2 groups. To determine what factors led to a misdiagnosis of @entity195 in @entity1 with @entity747 , we further analyzed a small group of pvFTLD @entity1 . These @entity1 demonstrated older age and lower Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire counts compared with accurately diagnosed cases. CONCLUSIONS: Other than memory, numerical scores of neurocognitive performance on the UDS are of limited value in differentiating @entity747 from @entity195 at the initial visit. These results highlight the difficulty of obtaining an accurate early diagnosis of @entity747 and argue for adding supplemental tests to those included in the UDS to assess cognition in @entity4943 and @entity195 @entity1 .

title: Neuropsychological Testing in Pathologically Verified @entity195 and XXXX : How Well Do the Uniform Data Set Measures Differentiate Between Diseases?

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease', "Alzheimer's Coordinating"]

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['Frontotemporal Dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To support migratory endurance flight, birds accumulate large amounts of fat by @entity7298 (fueling). Whereas the factors influencing migrants' motivation to fuel are well described, the physiological mechanism regulating fueling is largely unknown. Hormones are likely involved and arguably the best studied with respect to food intake and fueling is @entity2819 . @entity2819 has a permissive effect, as blocking the hormone's actions prohibits efficient fueling. There are no indications, though that @entity2819 stimulates fueling, and some studies even observed negative correlations between @entity2819 level and food intake and speed of fueling. The latter is unexpected as slow fueling could reduce the overall speed of migration. To test the causality of these negative correlations, I non-invasively increased circulating @entity2819 levels in captive migrants and determined its effect on food intake and fuel accumulation. Neither food intake nor fuel accumulation differed between @entity2819 -treated and control-treated individuals. This indicates that @entity2819 does not hamper food intake and fueling during stopovers, nor does it stimulate these processes. Promising alternative candidates for the regulation of @entity7298 are 'appetite regulating' hormones secreted by the adipose tissue, gut, or gastro-intestinal tract. The advance of next-generation sequencing will facilitate a bottom-up approach when investigating these.

title: Endocrine regulation of fueling by XXXX in migratory birds.

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia', 'migratory hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone', 'Corticosterone']

answer: @entity7298 :: (MESH:D006963,Disease) :: ['hyperphagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lifestyle modification is fundamental to @entity28 treatment, but few studies have described the effects of structured lifestyle programmes specifically in bariatric @entity1 . We sought to describe changes in anthropometric and metabolic characteristics in a cohort of bariatric @entity1 after participation in a nurse-led, structured lifestyle programme. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of adults with a body mass index (BMI) >= 40 kgm(-2) (or >= 35 kgm(-2) with significant co-morbidity) who were attending a regional bariatric service and who completed a single centre, 8-week, nurse-led multidisciplinary lifestyle modification programme. Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, HbA1c, fasting @entity413 and lipid profiles as well as functional capacity (Incremental Shuttle Walk Test) and questionnaire-based @entity148 and @entity308 scores before and after the programme were compared in per-protocol analyses. RESULTS: Of 183 bariatric @entity1 enrolled, 150 (81.9  %) completed the programme. Mean age of completers was 47.9        11.2  years. 34.7  % were male. There were statistically significant reductions in weight (129.6        25.9 v 126.9        26.1  kg, p   <   0.001), BMI (46.3        8.3 v 44.9        9.0 kgm(-2), p   <   0.001), waist circumference (133.0        17.1 v 129.3        17.5  cm in @entity1 and 143.8        19.0 v 135.1        17.9  cm in @entity1 , both p   <   0.001) as well as @entity148 and @entity308 scores, total- and LDL- @entity165 and @entity412 levels, with an increase in functional capacity (5.9        1.7 v 6.8        2.1 metabolic equivalents of thermogenesis (METS), p   <   0.001) in completers at the end of the programme compared to the start. Blood pressure improved, with @entity551 from 135        16.2 to 131.6        17.1 (p   =   0.009) and 84.7        10.2 to 81.4        10.9  mmHg (p   <   0.001), respectively. The proportion of @entity1 achieving target blood pressure increased from 50.3 to 59.3  % (p   =   0.04). The proportion of @entity1 with @entity6 achieving HbA1c <53  mmol/mol increased from 28.6 to 42.9  %, p   =   0.02. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric @entity1 completing an 8  week, nurse-led structured lifestyle programme had improved adiposity, @entity410 , lipid profiles, @entity2673 , blood pressure and glycaemia. Further assessment of this programme in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial seems warranted.

title: Effects of an eight-week supervised, structured lifestyle modification programme on anthropometric, metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in severely XXXX adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial health']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Few studies have suggested that @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) could play an important role in skin functions. However, the expression of @entity7766 , the related peptides, @entity1942 ( @entity1942 ) and @entity3770 and their receptors have not been investigated in @entity1 skin. Using specific antisera directed against @entity7766 , @entity1942 , @entity3770 and the @entity44625 subtypes, we investigated here the expression of these markers. @entity7766 -like immunoreactivity (ir) in the epidermal skin could not be detected. For the first time we report the presence of positive @entity3770 -like ir immunofluorescent signals in epidermal cells, i.e. keratinocytes of skin from three areas (abdomen, breast and face) obtained as surgical left-overs. The immunofluorescent signal of @entity3770 -like ir varies from very low to high level in all three areas. In contrast, @entity1942 -like ir is only expressed in some cells and with varied level of intensity. Furthermore and for the first time we observed specific Y1 and Y4 receptor-like ir in all epidermal layers, while the Y2 and Y5 subtypes were absent. Interestingly, as seen in @entity1 epidermis, in Episkin, a reconstituted @entity1 epidermal layer, we detected the presence of @entity3770 -like as well as Y1-like and Y4-like ir. These data have shown the presence and distribution of @entity1942 , @entity3770 and @entity44625 in the @entity1 skin and Episkin, suggesting possible novel roles of @entity7766 related peptides and their receptors in skin homeostasis.

title: Immunohistochemical distribution of @entity7766 , XXXX , pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity and their receptors in the epidermal skin of healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity44625 :: ('6084', 'Gene') :: ['Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptor', 'Y1 and Y4 receptors']

entities_list: @entity3770 :: ('5539', 'Gene') :: ['pancreatic polypeptide (PP)', 'PP']

answer: @entity1942 :: (5697,Gene) :: ['peptide YY']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity1 with @entity7993 manifesting as @entity5697 spanning 6 or more spinal segments. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 7 cases from a single institution. RESULTS: Four males and 5 African-American were included. The mean onset age for neurological symptoms was 49.1years old. Only 1 @entity1 had a prior diagnosis of @entity370 . In all @entity1 , spinal MRI showed contiguous cervical and/or @entity602 predominantly in a central or centrodorsal location, associated with parenchymal or leptomeningeal @entity2287 enhancement. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis was present in all and hypoglycorrhachia in 3 @entity1 . @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) level was elevated in the serum of 1 @entity1 while being normal in the CSF of all 4 cases tested. Chest imaging facilitated the diagnosis of @entity370 in all cases. The use of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents including infliximab and @entity1499 led to improved outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7993 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of longitudinal ultra-extensive @entity4685 , even in the absence of previously diagnosed @entity370 . Timely usage of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents improves the clinical outcome of @entity1 with ultra-extensive @entity602 .

title: Longitudinal ultra-extensive transverse @entity4685 as a manifestation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal transverse myelitis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin-converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord sarcoidosis', 'thoracic cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity7993 :: ('MESH:C535814', 'Disease') :: ['Neurosarcoidosis', 'neurosarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity7993 :: (MESH:C535814,Disease) :: ['neurosarcoidosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and scoring of microsleep (presence of sleep electroencephalograph between 3 and 15s in an epoch) as a diagnostic test for @entity25 ( @entity25 ). DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Sleep center at a tertiary care teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: @entity1 referred to a sleep center who had an MSLT and one or more of the following symptoms; tiredness, @entity25 , @entity2414 , accidents/near accidents and gap driving. INTERVENTIONS: Full night polysomnography (PSG) and next day MSLT were performed. @entity1 were classified as 'microsleep-positive' or 'microsleep-negative' according to presence or absence of microsleep. RESULTS: @entity1 (n=92) were divided into three groups according to their MSLT results; group A had an MSLT</=5min (n=38), group B had an MSLT=6-10min (n=26), and group C had an MSLT>10min (n=28). The number of @entity1 with symptoms of tiredness and @entity2414 were statistically higher in group A compared with groups B and C (P=0.036). The number of @entity1 with symptoms of @entity25 , in groups B and C, was significantly higher in @entity1 with microsleep than without microsleep (P<0.05). By a paired McNemar's test, the better performance of adding microsleep to MSLT (sensitivity 42.9%; specificity 63.6%) to assess @entity25 was statistically significant (P=0.0096). CONCLUSIONS: Microsleep determination during an MSLT is a more sensitive and specific test for @entity25 as compared to MSLT alone.

title: XXXX : a comparison of multiple sleep latency test and scoring of microsleep as a diagnostic test for @entity25 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'excessive daytime sleepiness', 'EDS']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Microsleep and sleepiness']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: In @entity1 with @entity1578 , as many as half remain of indeterminate aetiology. This hinders timely consideration of optimal treatment options. We posit that a significant subset of these @entity1 harbour known @entity409 with atypical presentation or novel @entity2246 . We investigated the utility of whole-exome sequencing in three @entity1 with advanced @entity409 of indeterminate aetiology. METHODS: @entity1 1 was a 10year-old female diagnosed with @entity2360 but no detectable @entity37824 mutations, and decompensated @entity1575 who underwent liver transplant and subsequently developed onset of @entity179 . @entity1 2 was a full-term 2day-old male with fatal @entity879 of indeterminate aetiology. @entity1 3 was an 8year-old female with progressive @entity1448 of unknown aetiology since age 3months. RESULTS: Unbiased whole-exome sequencing of germline DNA revealed homozygous mutations in @entity17820 and @entity63883 as the disease causing genes in @entity1 1 and 2, respectively. This is the first demonstration of @entity63883 loss-of-function associated fatal @entity879 . @entity1 1 expands the phenotypic spectrum of the @entity17820 -related hepatocerebral @entity17823 . @entity1 3 was found to have @entity1448 due to bi-allelic @entity126 mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings validate the application of whole-exome sequencing in the diagnosis and management of @entity1 with advanced @entity409 of indeterminate aetiology, with the potential to enhance optimal selection of treatment options and adequate counselling of families. Moreover, whole-exome sequencing revealed a hitherto unrecognized phenotypic spectrum of @entity409 .

title: Individual exome analysis in diagnosis and management of paediatric XXXX of indeterminate aetiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['inherited metabolic liver diseases', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['Wilson disease']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity17823 :: ('MESH:C537477', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['liver failure']


abstract: 101 @entity1 with @entity3052 in relapse were treated with @entity2591 according to three schedules: Regimen A--300 mg/m2(day divided intravenously at 8 hour intervals for 5 days; Regimen B--750 mg/m2 as a single iv pulse dose administered at 2 to 3 weeks intervals; and Regimen C--300 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion daily for 5 days. Twelve @entity1 achieved a @entity8168 ( @entity8168 ) and six achieved a partial remission (PR) for an overall 18% response rate. Of 78 @entity1 receiving an adequate trial the response rate was 23%. An average of 1.5 courses and a median of 5 weeks were necessary to achieve a response. The median duration of @entity8168 @entity1 was 21 weeks and for PR @entity1 it was 5 weeks. Response rates were 24% for Regimen A, 0 for Regimen B, and 1 of 8 for Regimen C. The @entity8168 rate for @entity3052 and AMML was 13%. Two of eight AMoL @entity1 achieved a @entity8168 . Only 2 of 23 @entity981 @entity1 responded, one of whom achieved a @entity8168 . @entity137 included moderate to severe @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity294 , @entity3136 , @entity1910 , and prolonged myelosuppression. @entity2591 has significant activity in the @entity3052 .

title: XXXX in @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['5-azacytidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8168 :: ('MESH:D012075', 'Disease') :: ['CR', 'complete remission']

answer: @entity2591 :: (MESH:D001374,Chemical) :: ['5-azacytidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity547 repair is currently a controversial issue given the disparity among study results in this area. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review was to clarify the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing postoperative wound @entity281 rates in elective open @entity169 . SEARCH STRATEGY: In the present review, we searched for eligible trials in august 2006, using the search terms below. This revealed four new included trials (total of twelve). We searched the Cochrane @entity14 Group specialized register, by crossing the terms herni* and inguinal or groin and the terms antimicr* or antibiot* , as free text and MeSH terms. A similar search were performed in Medline and Embase was conducted using the following terms: #1 antibiotic* or antimicrob* or anti infecti* or antiinfecti*; #2 prophyla* or prevent*; #3 #1 and #2; #4 clean and (surgery or tech* or proced*); #5 herni*; #6 (wound @entity281 ) and #4; #7 #3 and (#4 or #5 or #6). Reference lists of the included studies were checked to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Only randomized clinical trials were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Twelve randomized clinical trials were identified. Six of them used prosthetic material for @entity547 repair (hernioplasty) whereas the remaining studies did not (herniorraphy). Pooled and subgroup analysis were conducted depending on whether prosthetic material was or not used. A random effects model was used in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS: The total number of @entity1 included was 6705 (treatment group: 4128, control group: 2577). Overall @entity281 rates were 2.9% and 3.9% in the prophylaxis and control groups, respectively (OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.48 - 0.85). The subgroup of @entity1 with herniorrhaphy had @entity281 rates of 3.5% and 4.9% in the prophylaxis and control groups, respectively (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51 - 1.00). The subgroup of @entity1 with hernioplasty had @entity281 rates of 1.4% and 2.9% in the prophylaxis and control groups, respectively (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 - 0.85). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this meta-analysis the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis for elective @entity169 cannot be universally recommended. Nevertheless, its administration cannot either be recommended against when high rates of wound @entity281 are observed.

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis for XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: @entity1911 and @entity1823 are rare @entity5 which develop from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal sites, leading to excess @entity2922 release and @entity101 . Many of the @entity5 are characterized by a high vascularity, suggesting the possible implementation of anti-angiogenic therapies for @entity1 . Here, the efficacy of the @entity669 kinase inhibitors @entity2240 and @entity2857 was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Oral treatment with either @entity2240 or @entity2857 (40mg/kg/day) for 14days induced a marked reduction in the volume and weight of PC12 @entity1911 cell @entity5 xenografts in @entity19 . Assessment of tumoral neo-angiogenesis, assessed by morphometric analysis of the vascular network after @entity18518 immunolabeling, showed that both @entity2240 and @entity2857 reduced the microvessel area (-85% and -80%, respectively) and length (-80% and -78%, respectively) in treated compared to control @entity5 . In addition, the number of vessel nodes was significantly lower in treated @entity5 (-95% and -84%, respectively). Furthermore, cleaved caspase 3 immunolabeling revealed a marked increase in the number of apoptotic cells in @entity5 from treated animals. @entity2240 and @entity2857 could exert a direct effect on PC12 cell viability in vitro. While @entity2240 induced a rapid (4h) and pronounced (5-fold) increase in @entity4124 /7-dependent apoptosis, @entity2857 seems to exert its cytotoxic activity through a different mechanism. Altogether, our data demonstrate that @entity2240 and @entity2857 have the ability to impair @entity1911 development by inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing @entity5 cell viability. These results strongly suggest that both @entity2240 and @entity2857 could represent valuable therapeutic tools for @entity1911 .

title: Both @entity2240 and XXXX are effective treatments for @entity1911 in a xenograft model.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the symptomatic management of chronic @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 . DESIGN: A pretest, posttest randomized double blind design was used in data collection. @entity1 : Twenty-four @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1069 IIIA and IIIB of the @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ) were referred for physiotherapy from the Urology department. INTERVENTION: Pre treatment @entity158 level was assessed using the @entity1118 ( @entity158 domain) index. The TENS group received TENS treatment, 5 times per week for a period of 4 weeks (mean treatment frequency, intensity, pulse width and duration of 60 Hz, 100 microS, 25 mA and 20 minutes respectively). The Analgesic group received no TENS treatment but continued analgesics; the Control group received no TENS and Analgesic but placebo. All subjects were placed on antibiotics throughout the treatment period. OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-treatment @entity158 level was also assessed using @entity1118 @entity158 index. RESULT: Findings of the study revealed significant effect of TENS on chronic @entity1069 at p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: TENS is an effective means of non-invasive symptomatic management of chronic @entity1069 .

title: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the symptomatic management of chronic XXXX /chronic @entity2371 : a placebo-control randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANT', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis pain', 'chronic prostatitis- category']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['National Institute of Health Chronic Pain', 'NIH-CP']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatitis']


abstract: @entity3143 ( @entity3143 ) is an industrial agent with toxic effects on the immune system, kidney, lung, and nervous tissue, but little is known about its effect on bone. Metallothionein (MT) is a @entity462 -rich metal-binding protein that exerts cytoprotective effects against heavy metal toxins. It has been reported that the susceptibility of renal and @entity358 of @entity349 was markedly enhanced in MT-null @entity19 compared to control @entity19 . However, there is no report about the effects of anti-metallothionein (anti-MT) Ab induction on @entity349 @entity137 . We investigated the effect of anti-MT Ab induction on @entity349 -induced @entity79 . BALB/c @entity19 were injected with MT (10 microg/ @entity19 ic) five times to induce anti-MT Ab and then treated with @entity3143 (1 mg/kg sc) three times per week for 3 weeks. MT immunization plus @entity3143 treatment dramatically decreased @entity79 ( @entity79 ), and the humoral bone formation indices, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin. MT immunization or @entity3143 treatment alone did not affect either @entity79 or serum ALP activity and osteocalcin levels. MT immunization impeded @entity3143 -induced increase of MT expression in the liver and led to an increase of @entity349 in serum and the liver but a decrease in the kidney. Furthermore, serum titers of IgE and @entity9686 were significantly elevated in the MT-immunized plus @entity3143 treatment group compared with those in the @entity3143 treatment group. Similar results were also observed in splenic secretions of @entity58 and @entity1618 based on anti- @entity5168 Ab stimulation. Taken together, our results indicate that anti-MT Ab induction causes @entity349 -induced @entity79 in BALB/c @entity19 and also enhances @entity349 -related @entity1200 .

title: Induction of anti-metallothionein antibody and XXXX treatment decreases @entity79 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3143 :: ('MESH:D008627', 'Chemical') :: ['HgCl2', 'Mercuric chloride']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'bone injury', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorders']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy using a combination of radioisotopes and blue dyes have a good accuracy rate in predicting subclinical neck nodal @entity3 in @entity135 . However, the limited availability of lymphoscintigraphy facilities in India requires exploration of alternative methods of @entity1600 detection. We evaluated the feasibility of using @entity6693 dye alone in detecting @entity1600 in cN0 early @entity5 . 32 @entity1 with cN0 early (T1, T2) oral @entity1544 underwent @entity1600 biopsy using peri tumoural @entity6693 dye injection. Blue dye stained ( @entity1600 ) nodes were sent for frozen section analyses. @entity1 who had microscopic @entity3 in @entity1600 underwent modified radical neck dissections and the rest underwent selective neck dissections. Paraffin sections and IHC studies were done on all nodes. @entity1600 was identified in 29 @entity1 (Identification rate   =   90.6  %) of which @entity1600 was positive for @entity3 on frozen section in 5 @entity1 . The sensitivity, specificity and NPV of @entity1600 with frozen section were 80  %, 95.8  % and 95.8  % respectively. IHC with cytokeratins increased the sensitivity (100  %) and NPV (100  %) at the loss of specificity (87.5  %). @entity6693 dye alone can be successfully used for @entity1600 identification in early @entity5 with a good accuracy and sensitivity. This method will be of use especially in resource limited countries and centres where nuclear medicine facilities are not widely available. However, it has to be validated by larger randomised multi institutional trials for wider applicability. Immunohistochemistry increases the sensitivity and negative predictive value of @entity1600 but its applicability in real time decision making is limited.

title: A prospective study on sentinel lymph node biopsy in early XXXX using @entity6693 dye alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancers']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel Lymph Node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue', 'Methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancers']


abstract: The medial basal hypothalamus, including the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), integrates signals of energy status to modulate metabolism and energy balance. Leptin and feeding regulate the @entity1 target of @entity3446 complex 1 ( @entity13407 ) in the hypothalamus, and hypothalamic @entity13407 contributes to the control of feeding and energy balance. To determine the mechanisms by which leptin modulates @entity13407 in specific hypothalamic neurons, we immunohistochemically assessed the @entity13407 -dependent phosphorylation of @entity19172 ( @entity53425 ). In addition to confirming the modulation of ARC @entity13407 activity by acute leptin treatment, this analysis revealed the robust activation of @entity13407 -dependent ARC @entity53425 in response to fasting and @entity942 in leptin receptor-expressing Agouti-related protein neurons. In contrast, fasting and @entity942 suppress VMH @entity13407 signaling. The appropriate regulation of ARC @entity13407 by mutant leptin receptor isoforms correlated with their ability to suppress the activity of Agouti-related protein neurons, suggesting the potential stimulation of @entity13407 by the neuronal activity. Indeed, fasting- and @entity942 -induced @entity53425 -immunoreactivity (IR) extensively colocalized with c-Fos-IR in ARC and VMH neurons. Furthermore, ghrelin, which activates orexigenic ARC neurons, increased ARC @entity13407 activity and induced colocalized @entity53425 - and c-Fos-IR. Thus, neuronal activity promotes @entity13407 / @entity53425 in response to signals of energy deficit. In contrast, insulin, which activates @entity13407 via the @entity4357 3-kinase pathway, increased ARC and VMH @entity53425 -IR in the absence of neuronal activation. The regulation of @entity13407 in the basomedial hypothalamus thus varies by cell and stimulus type, as opposed to responding in a uniform manner to nutritional and hormonal perturbations.

title: Complex regulation of XXXX target of @entity3446 complex 1 in the basomedial hypothalamus by leptin and nutritional status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity19172 :: ('6194', 'Gene') :: ['ribosomal protein S6']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['leptin deficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Objective. To evaluate the hypolipidemic activity and antiatherosclerotic effect of @entity16290 ( @entity16290 ), which is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine using the rhizome part of the whole herb. Materials and Methods. Thirty @entity95 were divided into normal control group, model control group, and @entity16290 subgroups of 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2   mL/kg/day under random selection. In @entity731 model, the effects of @entity16290 on diverse blood lipids, foam cells number, and aortic morphology were evaluated. In the primary culture of endothelial cells (ECs), the activities of @entity16290 on both ECs proliferation and @entity130 were studied as well. Results. In @entity731 model, the hypolipidemic activities of @entity16290 were mainly focused on TC, LDL-C, and Lp(a). All changes on these factors were statistically significant compared with model group (P < 0.01), except TG and HDL-C. The intimal foam cell number of @entity16290 subgroups (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2   mL/kg/day) was significantly reduced than model control (P < 0.01). In the primary culture of endothelial cells (ECs), @entity16290 showed no effect on cell proliferation but preferred to protect EC from injury and apoptosis induced by @entity5568 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Discussion and Conclusion. The antiatherosclerotic effect of @entity16290 may be supported by its hypolipidemic activities, improving aortic morphology, and reducing foam cells number and @entity130 .

title: Hypolipidemic Activity and Antiatherosclerotic Effect of Polysaccharide of Polygonatum sibiricum in XXXX Model and Related Cellular Mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity16290 :: ('MESH:C564877', 'Disease') :: ['polysaccharide of Polygonatum sibiricum', 'PPGS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ECs injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the cost-effectiveness of 4 treatment strategies for varicocele related @entity249 from the perspective of the health care payor and @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed by studying 4 treatment strategies, namely observation, surgical varicocelectomy followed by @entity52 ( @entity52 ) if unsuccessful, gonadotropin stimulated intrauterine insemination (IUI) followed by @entity52 if unsuccessful, and immediate @entity52 . The main outcome measure was incremental cost per live delivery of any number of newborns. RESULTS: Immediate @entity52 cost more per live delivery and was less effective than varicocelectomy/ @entity52 or IUI/ @entity52 . When electing the latter 2 procedures, the preferred approach depended on the choice of perspective. From the health care payor viewpoint each additional birth that resulted from choosing varicocelectomy/ @entity52 over observation cost  52,152, while each additional birth that occurred by electing IUI/ @entity52 over varicocelectomy/ @entity52 cost  561,423. From the @entity1 perspective, while varicocelectomy/ @entity52 resulted in improved outcomes over observation, a rational decision maker would always be willing to pay the slightly higher cost of IUI/ @entity52 (incremental cost per live birth versus observation  27,371) for the added benefit in effectiveness if they were initially willing to invest in varicocelectomy/ @entity52 (incremental cost per live birth versus observation  27,618). CONCLUSIONS: The optimal choice of treatment for varicocele related @entity249 depends strongly on the decision maker perspective. Regardless of perspective the most technologically advanced treatment, that is immediate @entity52 , is never favored. The findings of this study should be used to counsel @entity249 @entity1 with varicocele that immediate @entity52 is not cost-effective.

title: The cost-effectiveness of treatment for varicocele related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study sought to compare the risk of late outcome with a focus on very late definite stent @entity715 of the @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES) with that of the @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) at 3-year follow-up. BACKGROUND: In the SORT OUT IV (SORT OUT IV Trial), comparing the EES with the SES in @entity1 with @entity453 , the EES was noninferior to the SES at 9 months. The SORT OUT IV trial provides long-term head-to-head randomized comparison of the EES with the SES. METHODS: We prospectively randomized 2,774 @entity1 in the SORT OUT IV trial. Follow-up through 3 years was complete in 2,771 @entity1 (99.9%). The 3-year pre-specified endpoints were composites of safety and efficacy (major adverse @entity299 [MACE]: @entity204 , @entity583 , target vessel revascularization, and definite stent @entity715 ). RESULTS: At 3 years, the composite endpoint MACE occurred in 9.8% of the EES group and in 11.1% of the SES group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70 to 1.12). Overall rate of definite stent @entity715 was lower in the EES group (0.2% vs. 1.4%; HR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.50), which was largely attributable to a lower risk of very late definite stent @entity715 : 0.1% versus 0.8% (HR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: At 3-year follow-up, the MACE rate did not differ significantly between EES- and SES-treated @entity1 . A significant reduction of overall and very late definite stent @entity715 was found in the EES group. (The SORT OUT IV TRIAL [SORT OUT IV]; NCT00552877).

title: Three-year outcomes after revascularization with XXXX - and @entity3446 -eluting stents from the SORT OUT IV trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both acid and duodenal contents are thought to be responsible for the @entity16 in @entity355 , a condition often treated medically. However, little is known about the effect of @entity4546 on duodenogastric reflux (DGR) and duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux (DGOR). AIMS: To study the effect of @entity4546 20 mg twice daily on DGR and DGOR, using the technique of ambulatory @entity648 monitoring. METHODS: Twenty three @entity1 with @entity355 underwent manometry followed by 24 hour oesophageal and gastric pH monitoring. In conjunction with pH monitoring, 11 @entity1 (group 1) underwent oesophageal @entity648 monitoring and 12 @entity1 (group 2) underwent gastric @entity648 monitoring, both before and during treatment with @entity4546 20 mg twice daily. RESULTS: In both groups there was a significant reduction in oesophageal acid (pH<4) reflux (p<0.005) and a significant increase in the time gastric pH was above 4 (p<0.005). In group 1, median total oesophageal @entity648 exposure was significantly reduced from 28.9% to 2.4% (p<0.005). In group 2, median total gastric @entity648 exposure was significantly reduced from 24.9% to 7.2% (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity355 with @entity4546 20 mg twice daily results in a notable reduction in the exposure of the oesophagus to both acid and duodenal contents. In addition, delivery of duodenal contents to the upper gastric body is reduced.

title: Effect of XXXX 20 mg twice daily on duodenogastric and gastro-oesophageal bile reflux in @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: Objective : Biomodification of the root surface plays a major role in periodontal wound healing. Root surface modification with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulates bone and cementum-like tissue formation; however, severe @entity3947 is simultaneously observed. Bio-safe collagen hydrogel scaffolds may therefore be useful for supplying periodontal ligament cells and preventing @entity3947 . We examined the effects of BMP modification in conjunction with collagen hydrogel scaffold implantation on periodontal wound healing in @entity235 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The collagen hydrogel scaffold was composed of type I collagen sponge and collagen hydrogel. One-wall infrabony defects (5 mm in depth, 3 mm in width) were surgically created in six @entity235 . In the BMP/Col group, @entity50188 was applied to the root surface (loading dose; 1   g/  l), and the defects were filled with collagen hydrogel scaffold. In the BMP or Col group, @entity50188 coating or scaffold implantation was performed. Histometric parameters were evaluated at 4 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Single use of BMP stimulated formation of alveolar bone and @entity3947 . In contrast, the BMP/Col group frequently enhanced reconstruction of periodontal attachment including cementum-like tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The amount of new periodontal ligament in the BMP/Col group was significantly greater when compared to all other groups. In addition, @entity3947 was rarely observed in the BMP/Col group. CONCLUSION: The combination method using root surface modification with BMP and collagen hydrogel scaffold implantation facilitated the reestablishment of periodontal attachment. BMP-related @entity3947 was suppressed by implantation of collagen hydrogel.

title: Combination of Root Surface Modification with XXXX and Collagen Hydrogel Scaffold Implantation for Periodontal Healing in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

answer: @entity50188 :: (477162(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['BMP-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 60 Background: London Cancer aims to use transparency of service and quality measures to drive improvement in @entity5 care in North and East London and surrounding areas, serving our population of 3.5m @entity1 . Whilst the on-going implementation of the National Outcome and Service Dataset for UK is expected to take 18 months we have chosen to develop quality measures with the teams accountable to deliver the service by using available data from a variety of existent sources and illustrate this in value scorecards tracking the @entity1 pathway. METHODS: Building on an engagement exercise with @entity1 , clinicians and charities in 2011 to identify which outcomes mattered most to @entity1 , a small set of key pathways metrics was identified for each site specific @entity5 pathway board to monitor their progress in implementing integrated @entity5 care. Metrics were selected only if (a) clinically useful, in line with the current work plan and improvement effort; (b) accessible on a recurrent basis and requiring minimal manual effort; (c) facilitate the understanding of the @entity1 pathway; (d) align with London Cancer objectives in improving survival, @entity1 experience, and access to innovation and clinical trials. Pathway boards were invited to contribute with the intention to provide a pathway metrics value scorecards on a quarterly basis. RESULTS: The first set pathway metrics scorecards, with 31 metrics, were published by June 2013. Key items include adherence to established best practice (16), data completeness (6), survival (3), pathway efficiency (3), and @entity1 experience (3). CONCLUSIONS: Pathway metrics are reported at a system level, reflecting the care for our local population, against measures that are important to them and will allow visibility of success. Whilst current pathway metric development is limited by the availability of meaningful data we aim to build on the existing metrics in an iterative fashion. For this we are working with stakeholders to improve data quality.

title: Pragmatic approach to quality metrics development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The ability to jump over an obstacle depends upon the generation of work across the joints of the propelling limb(s). The total work generated by one hind limb of a @entity1641 and the contribution to the total work by four joints of the hind limb were determined for a jump. It was hypothesized that the hip and @entity3681 would have extensor moments performing positive work, while the knee would have a flexor moment and perform negative work during the jump. Ground reaction forces and sagittal plane kinematics were simultaneously recorded during each jumping trial. Joint moment, power and work were determined for the metatarsophalangeal (MP), tarsal (ankle), tibiofemoral (knee) and @entity572 . The hip, knee and ankle all flexed and then extended and the MP extended and then flexed during ground contact. Consistent with our hypothesis, large extensor moments were observed at the hip and @entity3681 and large flexor moments at the knee and @entity2720 throughout ground contact of the hind limb. Peak moments tended to occur earlier in stance in the proximal joints but peak power generation of the @entity4218 occurred at similar times except for the MP joint, with the hip and ankle peaking first followed by the MP joint. During the first portion of ground contact (approximately 40%), the net result of the joint powers was the absorption of power. During the remainder of the contact period, the hind limb generated power. This pattern of power absorption followed by power generation paralleled the power profiles of the hip, ankle and @entity2720 . The total work performed by one hind limb was 0.71 J kg(-1). Surprisingly, the knee produced 85% of the work (0.60 J kg(-1)) done by the hind limb, and the positive work performed by the knee occurred during the first 40% of the take-off. There is little net work generated by the other three joints over the entire take-off. Velocity of the tuber coxae (a landmark on the pelvis of the animal) was negative (downward) during the first 40% of stance, which perhaps reflects the negative work performed to decrease the potential energy during the first 40% of contact. During the final 60% of contact, the hip, ankle and @entity2720 generate positive work, which is reflected in the increase of the animal's potential energy.

title: Moments and power generated by the @entity1641 ( XXXX ) hind limb during jumping.

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['hind limb joints']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['coxofemoral (hip) joints']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['Equus caballus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of manual therapy with exercise to kinesiotaping with exercise for @entity1 with @entity5818 . METHODS: Randomized clinical before and after trial was used. Fifty-four @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity5818 who were referred for outpatient treatment were included. Eligible @entity1 (between 30 and 60 years old, with unilateral @entity158 ) were randomly allocated to 2 study groups: kinesiotaping with exercise (n = 28) or manual therapy with exercise (n = 26). In addition, @entity1 were advised to use cold packs 5 times per day to control for @entity158 . Visual analog scale for @entity158 , Disability of Arm and Shoulder Questionnaire for function, and diagnostic ultrasound assessment for supraspinatus tendon thickness were used as main outcome measures. Assessments were applied at the baseline and after completing 6 weeks of related interventions. RESULTS: At the baseline, there was no difference between the 2 group characteristics (P > .05). There were significant differences in both groups before and after treatment in terms of @entity158 decrease and improvement of Disability of Arm and Shoulder Questionnaire scores (P < .05). No difference was observed on ultrasound for tendon thickness after treatment in both groups (P > .05). The only difference between the groups was at night @entity158 , resulting in favor of the kinesiotaping with exercise group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: For the group of subjects studied, no differences were found between kinesiotaping with exercise and manual therapy with exercise. Both treatments may have similar results in reducing @entity158 and @entity717 in 6 weeks.

title: The clinical and sonographic effects of kinesiotaping and exercise in comparison with manual therapy and exercise for @entity1 with XXXX : a preliminary trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['disability in subacromial impingement']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'shoulder pain']

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   The study was designed to access the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of fully covered self-expandable metal stents in the treatment of @entity9131 . Methods   Clinical data of nine @entity1 (seven males and two females) who were treated with placement of tracheobronchial or bronchial fully covered self-expandable metal stents from August 2005 to November 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these @entity1 , seven were diagnosed with @entity292 , one with @entity292 , and one with @entity292 . Eight had accompanying @entity4327 . The @entity292 orifices ranged from 3.5   mm to 25   mm in diameter. All @entity1 received topical anesthesia. L-shaped stents were placed in six @entity1 and I-shaped stents in three under fluoroscopic guidance. After stent placement, @entity1 with @entity3509 were treated with pleural lavage. Results   Stent placement in the tracheobronchial tree was successful in all @entity1 , without procedure-related complications. The operating time was 5 to 16 minutes. A small amount of bubble overflowed from the intrathoracic drainage @entity5274 of only one @entity1 . In the other @entity1 , the bubble in the intrathoracic drainage @entity5274 disappeared immediately or angiography showed no overflow of contrast agent from the @entity292 orifice. The effective rate of @entity292 orifice closure after stent placement was 100%, with 88.9% rated as excellent. One @entity1 coughed the stent out 5 days after placement and hence a new stent was placed. Among the @entity1 with @entity3509 , one died of @entity295 arising from @entity3509 on day 8 and another died of brain metastases of @entity2 6 months after stent insertion with persistent @entity3509 . In the other six @entity1 , @entity3509 resolved after 2 to 5 months (cure rate 75%). Seven @entity1 were followed up for 3 to 36 months. During follow-up, one stent was removed 8 months after implantation due to difficult expectoration, without recurrent @entity3509 . The remaining @entity1 tolerated the stents well. The stents remained stable without migration or @entity3509 recurrence, and they could eat and drink well. Conclusion   The use of fully covered self-expandable metal stents is a safe, effective, and fast minimally invasive method to treat @entity9131 , especially for selected cases with @entity3509 .

title: Clinical Application of Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metal Stents in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['left main bronchoesophageal fistula', 'tracheopleural fistula', 'fistula', 'bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity9131 :: ('MESH:D001983', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial fistula']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic empyema']

answer: @entity9131 :: (MESH:D001983,Disease) :: ['Bronchial Fistula']


abstract: @entity1 Sprouty proteins have been shown to inhibit the proliferation and migration of cells in response to growth factors and serum. In this communication, using HeLa cells, we have examined the possibility that @entity1 @entity5743 ( @entity5743 ) mediates its anti-migratory actions by modulating the activity or intracellular localization of protein-tyrosine phosphatases. In HeLa cells, overexpression of @entity5743 resulted in an increase in protein-tyrosine phosphatase ( @entity4641 ) amount and activity in the soluble (100,000 x g) fraction of cells without an increase in total amount of cellular @entity4641 . This increase in the soluble form of @entity4641 was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of the enzyme in the particulate fraction. The amounts of @entity41758 or @entity9702 in the soluble fractions were not altered. Consistent with an increase in soluble @entity4641 amount and activity, the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and @entity20337 (Cas) was decreased in @entity5743 -expressing cells. In control cells, overexpression of wild-type (WT) @entity4641 , but not its @entity63057 catalytically inactive mutant mimicked the actions of @entity5743 on tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and migration. On the other hand, in @entity5743 -expressing cells, the @entity63057 mutant, but not WT @entity4641 , increased tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and attenuated the anti-migratory actions of @entity5743 . Interestingly, neither WT nor @entity63057 mutant forms of @entity4641 modulated the anti-mitogenic actions of @entity5743 . Therefore, we conclude that an increase in soluble @entity4641 activity contributes to the anti-migratory, but not anti-mitogenic, actions of @entity5743 .

title: @entity4641 ( XXXX ) mediates the anti-migratory actions of Sprouty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Mammalian']

answer: @entity4641 :: (5770,Gene) :: ['PTP1B']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the distribution of absorbed radiation dose after glass microsphere radioembolization for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) using yttrium-90 ((90)Y) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 64 (90)Y PET/CT scans performed after treatment were evaluated following (90)Y glass-bead radioembolization in @entity1 with advanced @entity157 . The intended dose to the target volume ranged from 83-129 Gy. Three-dimensional "dose maps" were created from reconstructed PET images using a voxel-based S-value transformation. @entity96 were contoured on cross-sectional imaging and aligned with the created dose maps. RESULTS: There were 113 @entity5 examined as part of 64 lobar treatments. The average @entity5 size was 4.8 cm    4.0 with an average @entity5 dose of 173 Gy    109. The average dose to the nontumor parenchyma within the target volume was 93.4 Gy    32.6, with on average 50% of the parenchymal voxels receiving > 79 Gy    23 and 10% receiving > 173 Gy    55. The average and median @entity5 -to-parenchymal weighted dose ratios were 2.2 and 1.9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using recommended dosimetry and administration techniques for lobar glass microsphere radioembolization, high doses to target @entity5 as well as background parenchyma were achieved on average with modest preferential uptake within @entity5 . There was wide variation in measured @entity5 and parenchymal doses after hepatic radioembolization for @entity157 , suggesting the need for continued development of @entity1 -specific dosimetry.

title: Microsphere localization and dose quantification using positron emission tomography/CT following hepatic intraarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver parenchyma and liver tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs during decidualization of the endometrium in @entity19 . Previously we have documented the appearance of large-diameter collagen fibrils around mature decidual cells between day 5 and day 7 of pregnancy. Proteoglycans are important in the regulation of collagen fibrillogenesis, and the present study analysed four members (decorin, @entity29549 , lumican and @entity14765 ) of the family of small @entity368 -rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) in the uterus from day 1 to day 7 of pregnancy. Decorin was present together with lesser amounts of lumican in the stroma before the onset of decidualization, whereas @entity29549 and @entity14765 were almost absent. @entity29549 and, less significantly, lumican were expressed in decidualized regions of the endometrium, but decorin was absent. @entity14765 was weakly expressed in the non-decidualized stroma, but only after implantation. Decorin and lumican were strongly expressed in the undifferentiated interimplantation site stroma, whereas @entity29549 and @entity14765 were expressed only weakly. These results indicate that the SLRP profile of the uterine ECM alters with differentiation of endometrial stromal cells. The large decidual collagen fibrils are thought to arise by lateral association of smaller diameter fibrils. As decorin has been shown to inhibit lateral association of collagen fibrils, its disappearance between day 2 and day 5 of pregnancy may be a prerequisite for the formation of large fibrils in decidua in @entity19 .

title: Small @entity368 -rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) in uterine tissues during pregnancy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14765 :: ('14264(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Fibromodulin', 'fibromodulin']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1.   The present study was conducted to examine the possibility of herb-drug interaction by celastrol, which is a main compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. using @entity1 liver microsomes with cocktail methods. Focused on its inhibitory manner on the metabolism of model probe substrates of five cytochrome P450 isoenzymes ( @entity4914 , @entity4433 , @entity5320 , @entity5321 and @entity5322 ) in vitro which are important with the metabolism of different xenobiotics. 2.   The results showed that celastrol inhibited the five types of @entity1 cytochrome P450 isoforms, with the IC50 values of 2.65    M ( @entity5322 ), 5.99    M ( @entity4433 ), 6.27    M ( @entity5320 ), 7.66    M ( @entity4914 ) and 9.38    M ( @entity5321 ), respectively. The data indicated that celastrol acted in different manners as an inhibitor of @entity1 cytochrome P450 isoforms, which showed that celastrol not only un-competitively inhibited the @entity4914 and 2E1 activities, but also competitively inhibited the @entity4433 and 2D6 activities with Ki values of 1.41, 2.29, 5.27 and 4.21    M, respectively. Celastrol was also a mixed-type inhibitor of @entity5322 , with Ki and Kis values of 2.02 and 5.49    M, respectively. 3.   Celastrol has the potential to inhibit cytochrome P450 activities and may cause the herb-drug interactions. Therefore, the use of celastrol and its preparations with conventional medicines should thus be taken in to account.

title: Inhibitory mechanisms of celastrol on XXXX liver @entity4914 , 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: After reperfusion therapy of @entity583 not only the patency of @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) but uncompromised myocardial perfusion are essential for recovery of myocardial contractile function. AIM: The authors sought to evaluate the relation between the status of myocardial microvasculature early after successful mechanical reperfusion therapy of AMI and contractile function at rest two weeks later. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 with first @entity583 underwent venous myocardial contrast echocardiography (VMCE) 3 hours after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. The myocardial contrast intensity of @entity2845 segments was evaluated according to a semiquantitative score (1 = normal; 2 = moderate contrast defect; 3 = serious contrast defect; 4 = no contrast at all). Two weeks later the resting contractile function of previously @entity2845 segments (n = 218) was re-evaluated. RESULTS: The semiquantitative contrast score was significantly different between differential functional groups observed after two weeks: normokinesia (1.21 +/- 0.47); @entity2845 (1.65 +/- 0.77); @entity910 (2.75 +/- 0.85). Sensitivity and the specificity of semiquantitative venous myocardial contrast echocardiography for early prediction of functional recovery is 90% and 69%, respectively (chi 2 = 76.2; p < 0.001). The global wall motion score index improved in contrast positive @entity1 (more than 50% of initial @entity2845 segments show score 1 or 2) (1.607 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.295 +/- 0.25; p < 0.001), but did not change in the contrast negative @entity1 (1.702 +/- 0.38 vs. 1.603 +/- 0.33; p = NS). CONCLUSION: Functional recovery after AMI can be predicted with VMCE immediately after successful reopening of @entity1188 . The post-PTCA contrast intensity of an infarcted segment is closely related to its subsequent functional status.

title: [Detection of myocardial viability with venous contrast echocardiography immediately after reperfusion therapy in XXXX with @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia', 'akinetic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['IRA', 'infarct related artery']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy procedure in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity23499 . METHODS: From May 2004 to December 2012, 18 @entity1 including 12 male and 6 female @entity1 were operated for @entity23499 , the average age was (37    10) years (range 17-55 years). Eight @entity1 underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy (transperitoneal laparoscopic group), and the other 10 @entity1 ' laparoscopic procedure were performed via retroperitoneal approach(retroperitoneal laparoscopic group). These @entity1 ' records were retrospectively analyzed for perioperative characteristics, complications and follow-up results. A two-tailed Student's t-test was used to compare perioperative data between the two groups. RESULTS: Technical success was acquired in all 18 laparoscopic procedures. Mean operative time of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic group was (85    20) minutes (60-130 minutes) and (98    30) minutes (70-180 minutes) , respectively. There was no difference in operation time between the two groups (t = 1.03, P > 0.05). The @entity190 was less than 50 ml in all the @entity1 . Comparison of anal exhaust time between the two groups showed no statistic difference (t = 0.16, P > 0.05). No perioperative complication was observed. Intravenous pyelography or CT urography 3 months after the operation revealed a widely patent @entity254 with considerable improvement in @entity3041 in all @entity1 . There was no recurrence at a mean follow up of (40    24) months (range 12-115 months). CONCLUSION: Both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy are effective and minimally invasive surgical alternative for the management of @entity23499 .

title: [Transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity23499 :: ('MESH:D064749', 'Disease') :: ['retrocaval ureter']

answer: @entity23499 :: (MESH:D064749,Disease) :: ['retrocaval ureter']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidence and prevalence of @entity10189 has decreased in recent years, but it is not so easy to make the same conclusion when complications of peptic ulcer are taken into consideration. The aim of this study is to determine the time trends in complicated @entity10189 and to state the effects of H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors (PPI), and @entity1534 eradication therapies on these complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively evaluated the @entity1 who were operated on for complications (perforation, @entity548 , and obstruction) of peptic ulcer for the last 50 years. @entity1 were grouped into four groups (G1-G4) according to the dates in which H2 receptor blockers, PPIs, and eradication regimens for @entity1534 were introduced The time periods that were studied were: (G1) 1962-1980, (G2) 1981-1990, (G3) 1991-1997, and (G4) 1998-2012. RESULTS: In total, 2953 @entity1 were operated on for complications of @entity10189 , of which 86% of the @entity1 were male. In G1, perforation and obstruction were significantly the most frequent complications (p<0.001), followed by @entity548 . In groups G2 and G3, obstruction was still the most frequent complication requiring surgery (p<0.001). In G2 and G3, obstruction was followed by perforation and @entity548 , respectively. In G4, perforation was significantly the most frequent complication (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: From 1962 to 1990 obstruction was the most common complication requiring surgery. In the last decade, perforation became the most common complication. In contrast to reports in the literature, @entity548 was the least common complication requiring surgery in @entity233 .

title: XXXX requiring surgery: what has changed in the last 50 years in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['Peptic ulcer complications']


abstract: Management of @entity249 associated with @entity46 remains challenging. The clinician must rule out all other causes of @entity249 before creating a treatment plan. It is important to remember that @entity1 with @entity249 and @entity46 with tubal patency can conceive spontaneously, albeit at lower rates than in the fertile population. Surgical ablation or resection seems to provide benefit even in the absence of correctable anatomic defects. One should note, however, that the goal of surgery is not only to eliminate disease effectively but also to restore pelvic anatomy to normal. After reconstruction or in @entity1 with @entity66 , controlled ovarian hyperstimulation techniques potentially in conjunction with intrauterine inseminations can be effective. It is important to monitor @entity1 carefully given the risk of high order @entity6677 reported with these techniques. IVF represents an effective means of bypassing the hostile peritoneal environment and anatomic distortion associated with this disease state. Although medical suppression of @entity46 alone has virtually no benefit in the asymptomatic @entity1 , there seems to be significant benefit of pretreatment with @entity1176 agonists immediately before IVF cycle initiation. Whether only a specific subset or all @entity1 with @entity46 would benefit from this approach has not yet been determined. The use of endometrial implantation markers may be helpful in this regard. The selection of the most effective approach to overcome @entity249 must be individualized and based on extent of disease, additional @entity249 factors, @entity1 comfort, and a frank discussion of success rates and risks with @entity1 .

title: Management of XXXX -associated @entity249 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['multiple gestation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['less extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: This study documents modifications in the expression and the cellular distribution of binding sites for a 16 kDa @entity1573 embryo lectin (CL16- @entity10673 ) in @entity0 . This lectin binds preferentially to terminal and penultimate @entity33287 residues ( @entity63176 ). @entity10673 density and distribution, studied by lectin binding followed by indirect immunofluorescence, were compared in normal breast tissues and 45 invasive @entity189 (lobular and ductal). Increased number of fluorescent epithelial cells (ETC+) were observed in normal ducts adjacent to @entity1137 and in @entity5 from both types when compared to normal glands. In @entity513 , a significant diminution of ETC+ percentage was observed in the highest anatomopathological SBR grades: 32.7% in grade III, 80.8% in grade II and 66.5% in grade I (p<0.001). For both @entity1137 , ETC+ percentages were also positively correlated with low versus high MSBR grades (p<0.002). The subcellular distribution of CL16- @entity10673 varied according to the @entity5 type and/or the histological grades. It was mostly membrane-associated in low SBR and MSBR grades (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively) and cytoplasm-associated in high grades (p<0.02 and p<0.05). Some of these parameters were also correlated with certain other clinicopathological factors, such as @entity5 size (p<0.02), high S-phase cell fraction (p<0.04 and p<0.03) and low density @entity172 receptors (p<0.05). Diminution in CL16- @entity10673 density and cytoplasmic versus membrane localization may be considered as indicators of @entity5 progression but not of @entity3 .

title: Association of @entity33287 with @entity5 progression in human XXXX : a study using a 16 kDa @entity1573 embryo lectin.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular and ductal carcinomas', 'lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity33287 :: ('MESH:C000458', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyllactosamine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity63176 :: ('CHEBI:60152', 'Chemical') :: ['Galbeta1-4GlcNAc']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of predictive biomarkers that will be necessary to assess in clinical practice will increase with the availability of drugs that target specific molecular alterations. Therefore, diagnostic laboratories are confronted with new challenges: costs, turn-around-time and the amount of material required for testing will increase with the number of tests performed on a sample. Our consortium of European clinical research laboratories set out to test if semi-conductor sequencing provides a solution for these challenges. METHODS: We designed a multiplex PCR targeting 87 hotspot regions in 22 genes that are of clinical interest for lung and/or @entity14 . The gene-panel was tested by 7 different labs in their own clinical setting using ion-semiconductor sequencing. RESULTS: We analyzed 155 samples containing 112 previously identified mutations in the @entity984 , @entity470 en @entity817 genes. Only 1 sample failed analysis due to poor quality of the DNA. All other samples were correctly genotyped for the known mutations, even as low as 2%, but also revealed other mutations. Optimization of the primers used in the multiplex PCR resulted in a uniform coverage distribution over the amplicons that allows for efficient pooling of samples in a sequencing run. CONCLUSIONS: We show that a semi-conductor based sequencing approach to stratify @entity2 @entity1 is feasible in a clinical setting.

title: Development of a semi-conductor sequencing-based panel for genotyping of XXXX by the Onconetwork consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['colon and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['colon and lung cancer']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: In @entity3505 , advantageous gene-rich or pleiotropic regions for stripe, leaf, and stem rust and epistatic interactions between rust resistance loci should be accounted for in plant breeding strategies. Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. tritici Eriks) contribute to major production losses in many regions worldwide. The objectives of this research were to identify and study epistatic interactions of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stripe and leaf rust resistance in a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from the cross of Canadian @entity3505 cultivars, AC Cadillac and Carberry. The relationship of leaf and stripe rust resistance QTL that co-located with stem rust resistance QTL previously mapped in this population was also investigated. The Carberry/AC Cadillac population was genotyped with DArT(  ) and simple sequence repeat markers. The parents and population were phenotyped for stripe rust severity and @entity281 response in field rust nurseries in Kenya (Njoro), Canada ( @entity514 Current), and New Zealand (Lincoln); and for leaf rust severity and @entity281 response in field nurseries in Canada ( @entity514 Current) and New Zealand (Lincoln). AC Cadillac was a source of stripe rust resistance QTL on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 5B, and 7B; and Carberry was a source of resistance on chromosomes 2B, 4B, and 7A. AC Cadillac contributed QTL for resistance to leaf rust on chromosome 2A and Carberry contributed QTL on chromosomes 2B and 4B. Stripe rust resistance QTL co-localized with previously reported stem rust resistance QTL on 2B, 3B, and 7B, while leaf rust resistance QTL co-localized with 4B stem rust resistance QTL. Several epistatic interactions were identified both for stripe and leaf rust resistance QTL. We have identified useful combinations of genetic loci with main and epistatic effects. Multiple disease resistance regions identified on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, and 7B are prime candidates for further investigation and validation of their broad resistance.

title: Stripe rust and leaf rust resistance QTL mapping, epistatic interactions, and co-localization with stem rust resistance loci in spring XXXX evaluated over three continents.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic stress-induced @entity308 -like behavior is relevant to inflammatory immune activation. However, the neurobiological alterations in the brain following the central inflammatory immune activation remain elusive. METHODS: Therefore, we investigated the neurobiological alterations during @entity308 -like behavior induced in @entity19 by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide ( @entity558 ; 1.2mg/kg administered twice at a 30-min interval via intraperitoneal injection). RESULTS: At 24h after the second administration of @entity558 , an increased immobility time in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test were observed, as well as reduced @entity969 preference. Protein levels of the @entity140 receptor @entity9446 were significantly decreased at the plasma membrane in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), while levels of the @entity9449 were increased at the plasma membrane in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) at 24h after @entity558 . However, total @entity9446 and @entity9449 protein levels in the mPFC, VTA, and NAc were not affected by @entity558 . Moreover, @entity558 facilitated release of @entity1063 in the mPFC and VTA, but not in the NAc. Consistently, systemic administration of @entity3159 , an a1-adrenoceptor antagonist, blocked the @entity558 -induced downregulation of the membrane @entity9446 subunit in both the mPFC and VTA and also blocked the upregulation of the membrane @entity9449 subunit in the NAc. Intracerebroventricular administration of @entity3159 30min before @entity558 injection abrogated the @entity558 -induced @entity308 -like behaviors. In opposition, administration of @entity1169 , a b-adrenoceptor antagonist, did not affect the @entity558 -induced downregulation of @entity9446 , the upregulation of @entity9449 , or the @entity308 -like behavior. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity558 -activated a1-adrenoceptor-induced downregulation of membrane @entity9446 in the mPFC and VTA is associated with @entity32 -induced @entity308 -like behavior.

title: Lipopolysaccharide-Induced @entity308 -Like Behavior is Associated with a1-Adrenoceptor Dependent Downregulation of the Membrane XXXX Subunit in the @entity19 Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Ventral Tegmental Area.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity9446 :: (14799(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GluR1']