abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the Sinonasal Outcome Test-16 and Activity Impairment Assessment in @entity1 with acute bacterial @entity1244 . STUDY DESIGN: Data were used from a phase III clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity3477 400 mg once daily for 5 consecutive days in the treatment of acute bacterial @entity1244 . The psychometric properties and factor structure of the 2 measures were assessed. SETTING: @entity1 were given the measures to self-complete using either a telephone voice response system or a paper-and-pencil format. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three hundred seventy-four @entity1 with acute bacterial @entity1244 were used in the analysis. @entity1 received either a placebo or 400 mg @entity3477 once daily. @entity1 were then reviewed at test of cure and follow-up. All analyses were conducted on a combined sample of placebo and active treatment @entity1 . RESULTS: The Sinonasal Outcome Test-16 was associated with minimal missing data at baseline but a higher proportion by test of cure. There was no evidence of floor or ceiling effects and no significant skew. The Activity Impairment Assessment also had low missing data at baseline and no obvious floor or ceiling effects, but the data were not normally distributed. Both measures had good internal consistency. Convergent and divergent validity as well as sensitivity and the minimally important difference are also reported. CONCLUSION: The measures both have good psychometric properties and are suitable for use with @entity1 with acute bacterial @entity1244 . Both instruments are sensitive. The minimal important difference estimates for the Sinonasal Outcome Test-16 are quite high but are similar to estimates reported previously.

title: Psychometric evaluation of the Sinonasal Outcome Test-16 and activity impairment assessment in acute bacterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: Elevated plasma @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) levels have been described in @entity1 with @entity712 and @entity583 . We measured plasma @entity3876 levels in @entity1 with @entity1576 to evaluate the correlation between plasma @entity3876 levels and pulmonary haemodynamics. Plasma @entity3876 levels were measured in 28 @entity1 with @entity1576 accompanied by three underlying diseases [14 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), seven with sequelae of @entity1907 (sequelae Tbc) and seven with @entity11592 ( @entity11592 )] by immunoradiometric assay methods (IRMA). Twenty-one of 28 @entity1 had already received @entity26 supplementation and 16 of 21 @entity1 were treated as outpatients with home @entity26 therapy. Plasma @entity3876 levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity1576 complicated by @entity3618 (81.5 +/- 13.1 pg ml-1) compared to @entity1 without @entity3618 (13.3 +/- 2.7 pg ml-1, P < 0.001). As controls, plasma @entity3876 levels in 10 @entity1 with primary @entity2 were studied, and the results (3.5 +/- 1.0 pg ml-1) were not significantly different from those of @entity1 with @entity1576 without @entity3618 . Plasma @entity3876 levels in 12 healthy subjects were also studied, and the results (7.2 +/- 1.0 pg ml-1) were not significantly different from those of the control subjects. Plasma @entity3876 levels showed a weak linear correlation with @entity551 , estimated by Doppler echocardiography (r = 0.43; P = 0.068), but there was no significant correlation between @entity3876 levels and the degree of hypoxaemia (r = 0.30; P = 0.138). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels in @entity1 with @entity1576 were also measured using the same samples. Plasma ANP levels were also significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity1576 complicated by @entity3618 (80.8 +/- 12.1 pg ml-1) compared to @entity1 without @entity3618 (26.1 +/- 4.4 pg ml-1, P = 0.003). A significant correlation was found between plasma @entity3876 and ANP levels (r = 0.68; P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the plasma @entity3876 or ANP level may be a useful indicator for detecting the presence of @entity3618 in @entity1 with @entity1576 .

title: Elevated plasma @entity3876 levels in @entity1576 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['chronic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity11592 :: ('MESH:C536174', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse panbronchiolitis', 'DPB']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic pulmonary arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3618 :: (MESH:D011660,Disease) :: ['cor pulmonale']


abstract: The origin of the various components of @entity527 in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) continues to be a focus of intense research scrutiny. Lysosomal enzyme activity within the plaques is of particular interest because of its possible relevance to a presumed abnormal processing of precursor molecules that may lead to the formation of plaque amyloid. Histochemical evidence of @entity4972 ( @entity4972 ), a lysosomal hydrolase, activity in @entity527 has been documented long before many of the current biochemical data regarding plaque pathogenesis became available. Recent evidence suggests the presence of neuronal membrane abnormalities that may allow "leakage" of some intracellular molecules, including enzymes, into the perineuronal environment and from there, possibly, to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the course of investigating this hypothesis, we decided to readdress the issue of @entity4972 activity in @entity195 by assaying the enzyme both in brain tissue sections as well as in CSF samples from neuropathologically confirmed cases of @entity195 and from normal control subjects. Brain frozen sections from five cases with @entity195 and five control subjects were histochemically stained for @entity4972 using the @entity43640 hydrolysis method. Frozen CSF samples from 15 cases with @entity195 and 19 control subjects were assayed for @entity4972 activity using the @entity43641 hydrolysis method. In all cases studied, CSFs were cytologically unremarkable. Neurons in normal and @entity195 brains were strongly positive for @entity4972 . In @entity195 , numerous @entity527 showed strong @entity4972 activity with both granular and diffuse patterns. The CSFs from six of 15 @entity195 cases (40%) showed @entity4972 activity with values ranging from 0.04 to 0.4 U/L. No @entity4972 activity was detected in any of the 19 control CSFs analyzed. The exact source of @entity4972 in @entity527 and CSF of @entity1 with @entity195 cannot be established based on these data alone but the @entity4972 may have originated from neurons with oxidative stress or @entity26 free radical-mediated membrane damage. The data encourage further investigation of this hypothesis.

title: Acid phosphatase activity in @entity527 and cerebrospinal fluid of XXXX with @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity4972 :: ('MESH:C562645', 'Disease') :: ['acid phosphatase', 'ACP']

entities_list: @entity43640 :: ('MESH:C014694', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-naphthylphosphate']

entities_list: @entity43641 :: ('MESH:C018678', 'Chemical') :: ['thymolphthalein monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Subtotal thyroid resection or hemithyroidectomy was performed for @entity1378 on two groups of @entity1 : 84 treated before surgery with antithyroid drugs and thyroxin and 111 given only beta-blocking agents before surgery. These two @entity1 groups were compared with reference to preoperative medication, operation, immediate postoperative course, and late results, with follow-up for 3 to 7 years. The advantages of beta-blockers compared with conventional antithyroid medication were lack of adverse reactions, rapid effect of treatment, considerably shortened preoperative treatment time, and fewer outpatient visits, with consequent financial benefit. No disadvantages of beta-blockers were found except that 18% of the @entity1 required additional @entity1169 in the immediate postoperative period. There were no surgical complications in either group other than a mild persistent @entity3747 in two @entity1 from the beta-blocked group. The serum @entity7287 levels during the first 6 postoperative months were significantly higher in the @entity1 treated with antithyroid drugs. The frequency of postoperative @entity1374 showed no intergroup difference during the observation period. Signs of @entity1887 , necessitating thyroxin supplementation, were observed in 28.6% of @entity1 in the antithyroid drug/ @entity1955 group and in 25.7% in the beta-blocker group. Toxic recurrence occurred in 1.8% of the group that received beta-blockers and in 1.2% of the other @entity1 . The study demonstrated that beta-adrenoceptor blockade is a safe method for preoperative treatment in @entity1378 , with advantages for @entity1 and regarding costs.

title: Betablockers compared with antithyroid drugs as preoperative treatment in XXXX : drug tolerance, complications, and postoperative thyroid function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxin']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: Operative indication and risk factors for @entity438 were discussed. During the past 11 years, 38 @entity439 in 33 @entity1 with a mean age of 54 years were operated on. All @entity439 were located in the anterior circulation; 16 were of carotid artery, 15 of the middle cerebral artery, 4 of the anterior communicating artery, and 3 of the distal anterior cerebral artery. Six cases (18.2%) developed @entity51 postoperatively. The deficits were permanent in 3 cases (morbidity 9.1%). There was one operative death (mortality 3.0%). Operative risk factors were analyzed in 4 particular cases. Of these 4 cases, two cases had large @entity439 (14 and 16mm in diameter) located at carotid-ophthalmic and at the inferior wall of the carotid arteries, respectively. One developed @entity1939 possibly due to operative manipulation, and the other showed @entity1269 with @entity2026 due to postoperative @entity543 caused by clipping. Of the rest 2 cases; one with multiple (carotid and middle cerebral) @entity439 developed @entity1269 because of postoperative stenosis of the @entity1856 parent artery caused by clipping, and the other, with a large (17mm) @entity439 at the distal anterior cerebral artery, died of postoperative @entity1779 . Both of these cases were associated with @entity2806 . All cases that developed postoperative @entity51 had varying degrees of @entity101 . Reviewing our series and other reports, it can be said that age is one of the most important factors that influence operative mortality. However, a lower risk of rupture develops as age increases. For those under 70 years of age, operation is considered safe in healthy individuals, especially among those without @entity101 . However, in cases where there are large @entity439 , @entity75 , less accessible locations and @entity2806 , operative risks should be kept in mind. Operative morbidity in these cases is relatively high compared to that found among others. Therefore, planning a meticulous surgical strategy and further careful operative manipulation are essentials, when surgical treatment is indicated.

title: [Operative indication and risk factors for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral blindness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['unruptured cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with disseminated @entity5 each received an individually-specified combination of either @entity632 (24 @entity1 ) or @entity1138 (19 @entity1 ) conjugated murine monoclonal antibodies. @entity5 were typed using a panel of antibodies with both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Cocktails of up to six antibodies were selected based on binding greater than 80% of the malignant cells in the biopsy specimen. These monoclonal antibody cocktails were drug conjugated and administered intravenously. Seventeen out of twenty-four @entity1 had reactions to the administration of @entity632 immunoconjugates, but these were tolerable in all but two @entity1 . Fever, chills, @entity111 and @entity1910 were by far the most common transitory reactions. All were well controlled with premedication. In several @entity1 it was demonstrated that there was limited antigenic drift among various biopsies within the same @entity1 over time. Up to 1 gram of @entity632 and up to 5 grams of monoclonal antibody were administered. The limiting factor appeared to be a variable dissociation of active @entity632 from the antibody which unpredictably caused @entity308 . Similar findings were noted in 19 @entity1 with @entity1138 conjugates. @entity882 at a 60mg dose of @entity1138 in this schedule was dose limiting. Preliminary serological evidence suggests that the development of an IgM antibody which is specific against the mouse monoclonal antibody has the specificity and sensitivity to predict clinical reactions. These antibodies were quantitatively less in @entity1138 @entity1 . Selected @entity1 were re-treated. One @entity1 with @entity1072 had re-treatment on three occasions and demonstrated regression of peripheral lymph nodes. Two @entity1 with @entity0 had definite improvement in ulcerating @entity272 and two @entity1 with @entity5772 had shrinkage of their lesions. No responses were seen with @entity1138 conjugates but binding was noted to @entity5 and colon with likely drug induced @entity1960 seen after colon binding. This study demonstrates the feasibility and illustrates technical considerations in preparing drug immunoconjugate cocktails for @entity1 with @entity5 . Cocktail formulation and antibody delivery was accomplished. The major technical hurdle appears to be the selection of effective conjugation methods that can be used to optimally bind drugs to monoclonal antibodies for targeted @entity5 therapy.

title: Individually specified drug immunoconjugates in XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['hemopoietic depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['refractory malignancies', 'Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['tongue carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite major advances, the treatment of @entity295 is still a challenging problem for surgeons. This study was aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of @entity1667 and @entity1954 replacement therapy during an early @entity295 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty male @entity35 albino @entity35 weighing 300-340 g were divided into the Control, @entity5976 , @entity5976 /MP, @entity5976 /T3 and @entity5976 /MP/T3 groups. The Control group underwent a sham operation. Only cecal ligation and puncture was performed in the @entity5976 group. The @entity5976 /MP groups received an intramuscular injection of (MP) @entity1667 (30 mg/kg) at one and half hour before @entity5976 . The @entity5976 /T3 group was given an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of tyroid hormone (T3) 0.4   g/100 g immediately after @entity5976 . The @entity5976 /MP/T3 group was given IM injection of MP 30 mg/kg before @entity5976 and IP injection of T3 0.4   g/100 g after @entity5976 . Hemavet changes, blood cultures, peritoneal bacteria content, hormonal alterations and histopathologic changes of intestinal, lung and liver tissue were used to asses the possible therapeutic effects of MP and T3 during early @entity295 . RESULTS: A septic insult resulted in significant alterations on hemavet values, free T3, free T4 and @entity701 levels, peritoneal bacteria content and intestinal lung and liver tissue samples of the @entity5976 group. Hemavet changes and peritoneal @entity32 findings were significantly limited in the @entity5976 /T3 and @entity5976 /MP/T3 groups. Histopathologic changes had no significant difference between the groups during an early @entity295 . CONCLUSION: Compared to the MP replacement therapy, therapeutic effects of T3 replacement therapy have been found significantly more promising (Tab. 1, Fig. 10, Ref. 49).

title: Comparison of the therapeutic effects of XXXX and @entity1667 during early @entity295 in laboratory animals.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-iodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['tri-iodothyronine']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">We present a rare finding of a 'corkscrew appearance' of the distal cerebral vessels in a young Asian woman who presen @entity1 ith acute stroke. CA @entity64 ION: A 32-year-old Asian woman presented @entity1 a 3-month history of recurrent right-sided transient ischemic attacks @entity63 inical workup and brain imaging results were normal. A digital subtraction angiogram revealed an abnormal corkscrew appearance of all intracranial distal vessels. She was discharged on a single antiplatelet drug. She had no further transient ischemic attacks @entity63 ical follow-up. A digital subtraction angiogram performed 1   year later revealed no changes in the appearance of these vessels. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge no similar previous reports exist in the literature. The present report describes a unique case of an unusual corkscrew appearance of the distal intracranial vessels. However, the underlying etiology in the present case remains unknown.

title: Corkscrew angiopathy of intracranial vessels in a young @entity64 XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Individuals with @entity2175 present insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. This is reflected in a subnormal whole body insulin-dependent @entity413 utilization, largely dependent on skeletal muscle. @entity413 transport across the cell membrane of this tissue is rate limiting in the utilization of the @entity12015 . Therefore, it is possible that a defect exists in insulin-dependent @entity413 transport in skeletal muscle in @entity6 states. This review focuses on two questions: is there a defect at the level of @entity413 transporters in skeletal muscle of @entity6 animal models, and is this a consequence of abnormal insulin or @entity413 levels? The latter question arises from the fact that these parameters usually vary inversely to each other. @entity413 transport into skeletal muscle occurs by two membrane proteins, the @entity13345 and @entity19617 gene products. By subcellular fractionation and Western blotting with isoform-specific antibodies, it was determined that isolated plasma membranes (PM) contain @entity19617 and @entity13345 proteins at a molar ratio of 3.5:1 and that an intracellular fraction (internal membranes; IM) different from sarcoplasmic reticulum contains only @entity19617 transporters. The IM furnishes transporters to the PM in response to insulin. Both transporter isoforms bind cytochalasin B in a @entity413 -protectable fashion. In @entity3839 -induced @entity6 of the @entity35 with normal fasting insulin levels and marked @entity4854 , the number of cytochalasin B-binding sites and of @entity19617 proteins diminishes in the PM whereas the @entity13345 proteins increase to a new ratio of about 1.5:1 @entity19617 : @entity13345 . In the IM, the levels of @entity19617 protein drop, as does the cellular @entity19617 mRNA. To investigate if these changes are associated with @entity4854 , @entity413 levels were corrected back to normal values for a 24-h period with sc injections of @entity21146 to block proximal tubule @entity413 reabsorption. This treatment restored cytochalasin B binding, restored @entity19617 and @entity13345 values back to normal levels in the PM, and partly restored cytochalasin B binding but not @entity19617 levels in the IM, consistent with only a partial recovery of @entity19617 mRNA. It is concluded that @entity19617 protein in the PM correlates inversely whereas @entity13345 protein correlates directly with glycemia. It is proposed that the decrease in @entity19617 levels is a protective mechanism, sparing skeletal muscle from gaining @entity413 and experiencing @entity2412 , albeit at the expense of becoming insulin resistant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity4854 on @entity413 transporters of the muscle: use of the renal XXXX reabsorption inhibitor @entity21146 to control glycemia.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozocin']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose', 'D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity21146 :: ('MESH:D010695', 'Chemical') :: ['phlorizin']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor ( @entity10610 ) @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) is a negative regulator of cell cycling and has antitumor effects. In our previous study, the recombinant adenovirus expressing wild-type @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) (Adp27-wt) induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and proved that @entity5438 is a @entity5 suppressor gene like @entity876 . Another adenovirus vector expressing mutant @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) (Adp27-mt), which inhibited degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, showed increased protein stability and caused a stronger induction of apoptosis. Recently, the @entity13525 ) protein binding with @entity26176 ( @entity26176 ) was found to translocate from the nucleus into the cytosol, and then become degraded by the 26S proteasome system. The inhibition of nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation increases the protein stability of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) with a deletion of the @entity26176 -binding region ( @entity5438 -jab-d) is not translocated and not degraded. Therefore, a new recombinant adenovirus (Adp27-jab-d) expressing @entity5438 -jab-d was made which was able to induce greater @entity137 . Adp27-jab-d inhibited the growth of @entity1 @entity201 cell line ( @entity1 ) cells in vitro at 3.3 times (IC(50)) lower concentration than Adp27-wt. Moreover, in a xenografted @entity791 ( @entity791 ) @entity19 model injected with @entity1 cells in the subcutaneous tissue, treatment by intratumor injection of Adp27-jab-d once a day for 3 days after the @entity5 was established, inhibited @entity5 growth more strongly than Adp27-wt or Adp27-mt and even induced @entity5 regression. However, the flow cytometric TUNEL assay showed little enhancement of apoptosis. Adp27-jab-d was thought to induce not only apoptosis but also @entity39 , which was due to a specific effect of the Adp27-jab-d. Thus, by enhancing the @entity137 through inhibiting the translocaton of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ), @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) lacking the @entity26176 -binding region might be useful for @entity5 therapy. The control protein localization might also be a new target not only for @entity5 treatment, but also other diseases.

title: Overexpression of adenovirus-mediated @entity13525 lacking the @entity26176 -binding region enhances @entity137 and inhibits xenografted @entity1 XXXX growth.

entities_list: @entity26176 :: ('10987', 'Gene') :: ['Jun activating binding protein 1', 'Jab1']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immuno-deficient']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visual left ventricular (LV) wall motion scoring is well established for the assessment of LV function, yet it is subjective, circumstantial, and relative and requires long training. Quantification of myocardial shortening (strain) using two-dimensional speckle-tracking is potentially less subjective. In this study, quantifiable LV contraction (two-dimensional strain) was prospectively cross-related with @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ) and radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) score in 20 @entity1 (mean age, 54    9 years) with acute @entity583 , early and late after percutaneous revascularization. METHODS: Echocardiography and rest MPI were performed 3 to 5 days after @entity583 . Echocardiography was repeated at 4 months. @entity1347 ( @entity6475 ) and @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) were measured, and principal strain was calculated. Volumes, @entity11535 , MPI scores, and strain were assessed independently. RESULTS: Two-dimensional strain, @entity227 , and radionuclide MPI score correlated closely. Strain thresholds for abnormal @entity11535 were 11.7% for early @entity6475 , 18.2% for early @entity6475 , 13.9% for late @entity6475 , and 19.1% for late @entity6475 . Late principal strain correlated better with @entity11535 and MPI score than either @entity6475 or @entity6475 . @entity6475 varied minimally over time, while @entity6475 improved in most segments. Higher early @entity6475 (>15%) was predictive of segmental functional recovery. MPI score correlated better with late rather than early strain, probably because early resting perfusion defects represent @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, strain correlated with echocardiographic @entity11535 and the extent of @entity63 (MPI score) early and late after revascularization in @entity1 with @entity583 . Longitudinal and @entity6475 uncoupling was observed. @entity6475 appeared to be more sensitive to acute @entity63 , whereas @entity6475 correlated better with improvement after revascularization.

title: Left ventricular function and functional recovery early and late after XXXX : a prospective pilot study comparing two-dimensional strain, conventional echocardiography, and radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual WMS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Peak segmental and global endocardial longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['permanent damage']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'LS', 'circumferential strain']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion score', 'WMS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: When 2 @entity1641 were dosed with cultures of a @entity18327 isolate that had previously caused only hepatosis, 1 developed @entity4 and hepatosis, and the other only leukoencephalomalacia. A 3rd @entity1641 developed both leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis after being dosed with another isolate obtained from @entity2829 which was associated with a natural outbreak of the nervous form of the disease. Since leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis could be induced by the same culture material, it was concluded that both syndromes were manifestations of the same @entity8956 . There was also some evidence that leukoencephalomalacia might be specifically induced by the administration of smaller doses of the culture material to @entity1641 over a longer period. The clinical signs of @entity2526 included @entity2055 , @entity1269 , apathy, @entity56 , frenzy, and other locomotory and @entity132 . Autopsy showed that the brains were oedematous, and focal areas of liquefactive @entity39 were present in the cerebral white matter. In 1 case the malacic areas were not confined to the subcortical white matter but were microscopically visible in the cerebral cortex as well. An histopathological examination of the areas bordering on the malacic areas revealed rarefication of the white matter, perivascular @entity548 , @entity4 and cellular infiltration composed mainly of plasma cells and eosinophiles. Many of the macrophages in these areas contained lipfuscin-like granules, but these granules also occurred extracellularly in the neuropil. In the layers of the cortex nearest the malacic areas, satellitosis and neurophagia were commonly seen.

title: Leukoencephalomalacia: a mycotoxicosis of Equidae caused by XXXX Sheldon.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['psychic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'brain oedema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['nervous disorder']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity18327 :: ('117187', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium moniliforme']

entities_list: @entity8956 :: ('MESH:C565846', 'Disease') :: ['toxicosis']

answer: @entity18327 :: (117187,Species) :: ['Fusarium moniliforme']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic enlargement and impaired bioelasticity are of interest in several @entity299 as they can lead to @entity65 . Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is increasingly accepted as a noninvasive tool in cardiovascular evaluation. Assessment of aortic anatomy and bioelasticity, namely aortic distensibility and pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), by CMR is accurate and reproducible and could help to identify anatomical and bioelastic abnormalities of the aorta. However, normal CMR values for healthy @entity1 and young adults are lacking. METHODS: Seventy-one heart-healthy subjects (age 16.4    7.6 years, range 2.3-28.3 years) were examined using a 3.0 Tesla CMR scanner. Aortic cross-sectional areas and aortic distensibility were measured at four positions of the ascending and descending thoracic aorta. @entity122 was assessed from aortic blood flow velocity measurements in a aortic segment between the ascending aorta and the proximal descending aorta. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method was used to obtain percentile curves for aortic cross-sectional areas, aortic distensibility and @entity122 according to age. RESULTS: Aortic areas, @entity122 and aortic distensibility (aortic cross-sectional areas: r   =   0.8 to 0.9, p   <   0.001; @entity122 : r   =   0.25 to 0.32, p   =   0.047 to 0.009; aortic distensibility r   =   -0.43 to -0.62, p   <   0.001) correlated with height, weight, body surface area, and age. There were no significant sex differences. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides percentile curves for cross-sectional areas, distensibility and pulse wave velocity of the thoracic aorta in @entity1 and young adolescents between their 3rd and 29th year of life. These data may serve as a reference for the detection of pathological changes of the aorta in @entity65 .

title: Normal values of aortic dimensions, distensibility, and pulse wave velocity in XXXX and young adults: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and non-cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The @entity2922 (CA) innervation of the posterior basal forebrain, the amygdala, suprarhinal cortex and entorhinal cortex, was studied in the @entity35 using biochemical assay and fluorescence histochemistry. The assay studies demonstrate a moderate @entity1063 (NE) content in the amygdala and entorhinal cortex with a lower value for the suprarhinal cortex. Following destruction of the locus coeruleus, the decrease in NE content of these basal forebrain structures indicates that their principal NE innervation is from locus coeruleus. An additional small NE input arises from the medullary NE neuron groups. Ablation of @entity935 (DA) cell groups (substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area, SN-VTA) indicates that the DA input to the amygdala arises from the lateral VTA and medial half of the SN. Fluorescence histochemical studies using the @entity11571 -Vibratome technique demonstrate the presence of four distinct types of CA neuron terminal plexus in the posterior basal forebrain. These include two different DA fiber types arising in SN-VTA, small NE fibers with small varicosities arising in locus coeruleus and NE fibers with larger varicosities arising in other brainstem NE cell groups. The large NE fibers appear to enter the amygdala via the ansa peduncularis-ventral amygdaloid bundle to innervate the central and basolateral nucleus and the anterior amygdaloid area. The locus coeruleus NE fibers appear to enter the posterior basal forebrain via both the stria terminalis and ansa peduncularis-ventral amygdaloid bundle system to form a moderately dense innervation of the central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala and a less dense innervation of the other areas. The DA neuron axons are concentrated in the central and basal nuclei and intercalated cell groups. Other areas receive a more diffuse DA input, with the exception of the moderately dense innervation of the suprarhinal cortex and DA "islands" in the ventral-anterrior entorhinal cortex, The DA input to the posterior basal forebrain is complex and heterogeneous and the axonal morphology differs greatly among the terminal fields within the amygdala and adjacent cortical areas.

title: XXXX innervation of the basal forebrain. II. Amygdala, suprarhinal cortex and entorhinal cortex.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['Catecholamine']


abstract: Since 1987, publications in widely circulated medical journals have reported improved survival and lower hospital readmission rates when @entity1 with @entity712 and @entity299 are treated with @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors. We describe changes in @entity1289 inhibitor use among @entity1 hospitalized with @entity712 between 1986 and 1993. Simultaneous trends in readmissions and survival rates are reported. Subjects were 612 consecutive @entity1 hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of @entity712 at an academic medical center during the period of Sept. 1, 1986, to Dec. 31, 1987 (interval I) or during the period Aug. 1, 1992, to Nov. 30, 1993 (interval II). Medical records were reviewed for 434 @entity1 , consisting of all @entity1 hospitalized with @entity712 during interval II and a randomly selected 50% subset of @entity1 hospitalized during interval I. Among 145 @entity1 with @entity299 whose medical records were reviewed, @entity1289 inhibitor prescriptions significantly increased between interval I and interval II (43% vs 71%, p < 0.01, odds ratio 3.22, 95% confidence interval 1.62 to 6.42). Prescriptions of @entity1289 inhibitors combined with digoxin and a diuretic also increased (37% vs 56%, p = 0.02, odds ratio 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 4.32). Among all 612 @entity1 , 6-month @entity712 readmission rates increased from 13% to 21% (p = 0.02, odds ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.82). There was no significant change in survival rate between interval I and interval II, however, survival rate was marginally significantly improved among @entity1 with @entity299 . Our results suggest that drug-prescribing practices have significantly changed between 1986 and 1993. The absence of observed improvement in outcomes may result from changes in hospital admission criteria for @entity712 .

title: XXXX between 1986 and 1994: temporal trends in drug-prescribing practices, hospital readmissions, and survival at an academic medical center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart failure']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to conduct a broad examination of the central themes and concepts associated with one-to-one peer support for adult @entity1 with a @entity130 . The aim of the synthesis was to examine 1) what is reported in the literature regarding the impact of peer support for @entity1 or peers and 2) what methods or elements were considered important with regard to the program design and structure. The synthesis undertaken for this study followed scoping review methodology. A systematic search of the literature was undertaken to identify articles of relevance. Four databases were searched: MEDLINE (medicine), Embase (medicine), PsychINFO (psychology), and SWAbstracts (social work). Information pertaining to program design and structure, recruitment and screening requirements, and perceived benefits and risks associated with peer support were extracted from the included articles. Nine key themes pertaining to program design and structure, and 10 key themes relating to the impact of peer support for @entity1 or peers were identified and discussed. One-to-one peer support for adults with burns @entity130 has the potential to be a unique support option with earnest attributes. The preliminary data representing the effects of peer support for adults with a @entity130 as presented in this literature review shows an emerging pattern of benefit for givers and receivers of peer support. Further work is needed in this field and recommendations are made for future studies.

title: What do we know about one-to-one peer support for adults with a XXXX ? A scoping review.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: In this study body temperature (BT,   C) and panting score (PS, 0-4.5; where 0   =   no panting/no stress and 4.5   =   catastrophic stress) data were obtained from 30 Angus steers housed outside over 120 days Steers were implanted with a BT transmitter on day -31, BT was recorded at 30-min intervals to a data logger and downloaded each day to a database. The @entity291 were housed in ten outdoor un-shaded pens with an earthen floor, eight of which had a pen floor area of 144 m2 (three transmitter steers plus five non-transmitter steers; 18 m2/steer) and two had an area of 168 m2 (three transmitter steers and six non-transmitter steers; 18.7 m2/steer). Only data from the transmitter steers were used in this study. The PS of the steers was obtained daily (   15 min) at 0600 hours (AM), 1200 hours ( @entity601 ) and 1600 hours (PM). At the same times climate variables (ambient temperature, black globe temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall) were obtained from an on-site weather station. PS observations were made from outside the pens so as not to influence @entity291 responses. The two closest BT values to the time when PS was obtained were downloaded retrospectively from a logger and averaged. A total of 8,352 observations were used to generate second order polynomial response curves: (AM) y   =   39.08   +   0.009   x +   0.137x2 (R2   =   0.94; P   <   0.001) ( @entity601 ) y   =   39.09   +   0.914x     0.080x2 (R2   =   0.89; P   <   0.001) and (PM) y   =   39.52   +   0.790x     0.068x2 (R2   =   0.83; P   <   0.001) where y   =   BT (  C) and    x   PS. These data suggest that PS is a good indicator of body temperature. The BT at @entity601 corresponded to slightly lower PS compared with PM, e.g., for @entity41159 ; BT at @entity601   =   39.1        0.05   C whereas BT at PM   =   39.5        0.05   C. However during AM, BT was lower (P   <   0.05) at @entity41160 .5 compared with @entity601 and PM. For example, when PS was 2.5 the BT at AM was 40.2        0.04   C, at @entity601 it was 40.9        0.04   C and at PM BT was 41.1        0.04   C. When PS was 0 the BT at AM and @entity601 were similar. The AM response curve suggests animals attempt to @entity101 during the cooler AM period relative to @entity601 and PM. Morning observation of @entity291 (before feeding) are crucial for effective heat load management especially on days when high heat load is expected. The @entity601 and PM observations provide a good indication of the impact of high environmental heat load on @entity291 . Differences in PS between AM and PM observations suggest that more research is needed to determine the effect of night time conditions on BT, PS and overall respiratory dynamics of @entity291 during periods of hot weather.

title: Body temperature and respiratory dynamics in un-shaded beef XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase heat dissipation']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Splenocytes from young adult or old C57BL/6NNia @entity19 were stimulated in vitro with the anti- @entity5168 mAb, 145-2C11, in either soluble (2C11s) or plate-bound (2C11i) form. In the young group, each mode of cell activation resulted in peak DNA synthesis at approximately 48 h of culture; at this time point, the old group exhibited response levels to 2C11s or 2C11i that were approximately 40% of those in the young group. However, in the presence of 2C11i, splenocytes from old donors showed a delayed peak response which approached the peak levels attained in the young group. To analyze the responsiveness of the @entity1961 + T cell subpopulation, this cell type was isolated from spleens of young or old @entity19 and was stimulated in vitro with 2C11s or 2C11i, in the presence or absence of added accessory cells (T cell-depleted, irradiated splenocytes). The induction of DNA synthesis by 2C11s was accessory cell dependent, and the response in the old group were markedly reduced in comparison to those in the young group. In contrast, stimulation of DNA synthesis with 2C11i was relatively accessory cell independent, resulted in higher response levels in both age groups, and lessened the disparity between age groups. The analysis of @entity2047 and @entity58 secretion by stimulated @entity1961 + cells revealed that, in response to 2C11s and accessory cells, only @entity2047 accumulation was detectable and the levels in the young group were approximately 10-fold higher than the @entity2047 levels in the old group. However, stimulation of @entity1961 + cells with 2C11i and accessory cells yielded improved @entity2047 production and a detectable @entity58 response in the old group, whereas the young group exhibited a response profile similar to that induced by 2C11s. Further analysis of the @entity2047 , @entity58 , and @entity60 mRNA levels in 2C11i-stimulated @entity1961 + cells revealed that old donor cells accumulated similar levels of @entity2047 transcripts, but higher levels of @entity58 and @entity60 transcripts, than young donor @entity1961 + cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cell proliferation and cytokine production by XXXX + cells from old @entity19 .

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dual @entity1808 type 1 ( @entity1809 : ;) receptor- @entity8123 inhibition (ARNI) exerts beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP) and   kidney function  in @entity712 , compared with @entity1809 : receptor blockade ( @entity9883 ) alone. We hypothesized that ARNI improves @entity299 in @entity6 (mREN2)27 @entity35 , an  @entity1808 -dependent @entity101 model. @entity35 were made @entity6 with @entity3839 for 5 or 12 weeks. In the final 3 weeks @entity35 were treated with vehicle, @entity7056 ( @entity9883 ) or @entity7056 + @entity12064 (ARNI). BP, measured by telemetry in the 5-week group, was lowered identically by @entity9883 and ARNI. Heart weight/tibia length ratio in 12-week @entity6 animals was lower after ARNI versus @entity9883 . @entity644 and @entity633 were observed from 8 weeks of @entity6 onwards. ARNI reduced @entity644 more strongly than @entity9883 , and a similar trend was seen for @entity633 . Kidneys of ARNI-treated animals showed less severe segmental @entity631 than those of @entity9883 -treated animals. After 12 weeks, no differences between ARNI- and @entity9883 -treated animals were found regarding diuresis, natriuresis, plasma @entity1827 , vascular reactivity ( @entity934 response), or kidney @entity1372 transporters. Only ARNI-treated @entity35 displayed endothelin type B receptor-mediated vasodilation. In conclusion, ARNI reduces @entity644 , @entity631 , and heart weight in @entity6 (mREN2)27 @entity35 more strongly than @entity9883 , and this occurs independently of BP.

title: Blood pressure-independent renoprotection in @entity6 @entity35 treated with AT1 receptor- XXXX inhibition versus AT1 receptor blockade alone.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic TGR']

entities_list: @entity12064 :: ('MESH:D015244', 'Chemical') :: ['thiorphan']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and kidney parameters']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity8123 :: (24590(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['neprilysin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To highlight the modes of presentation and management of a @entity17107 in @entity1 younger than 5 years. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary referral pediatric otolaryngology practice. @entity1 : Seven @entity1 younger than 5 years. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 studied was 27 months (age range, 7-41 months). Five (71%) of the 7 @entity1 underwent computed tomographic scanning to confirm the diagnosis. Pus was cultured at surgery in every case. The most common organism detected was Streptococcus viridans. The average hospital stay was 72 hours (range, 22 hours to 12 days). After diagnosis of an abscess, all @entity1 underwent an electrocautery tonsillectomy and had an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 younger than 5 years who present with poor oral intake, high fever, drooling, and trismus should be suspected of having a @entity17107 . A computed tomographic scan of the neck is usually required to confirm a suspected diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment will lead to a considerable decrease in morbidity. Immediate tonsillectomy is a safe and effective means of abscess drainage.

title: XXXX in early childhood. Presentation and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity17107 :: ('MESH:D000039', 'Disease') :: ['peritonsillar abscess']

answer: @entity17107 :: (MESH:D000039,Disease) :: ['Peritonsillar abscess']


abstract: @entity2453 ( @entity2453 ) reductase inhibitors (statins) significantly reduce @entity65 associated with @entity1007 . There is evidence that statins exert beneficial effects in part through direct effects on vascular cells independent of lowering plasma @entity165 . We characterized the effect of a 30-day treatment with @entity2993 in normocholesterolemic, spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in @entity2993 -treated @entity35 (184+/-5 versus 204+/-6 mm Hg for control). Statin therapy improved @entity409 , as assessed by @entity5402 -induced vasorelaxation in aortic segments, and profoundly reduced @entity1808 -induced vasoconstriction. Angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) receptor, @entity2824 ( @entity2824 ), and @entity42458 mRNA expression were determined with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. @entity2993 treatment downregulated aortic @entity1129 (1) receptor mRNA expression to 44+/-12% of control and reduced mRNA expression of the essential @entity1110 oxidase subunit @entity42458 to 63+/-7% of control. @entity2333 (1) receptor protein expression was consistently decreased. Vascular production of reactive @entity26 species was reduced to 62+/-12% of control in statin-treated SHR, as measured with @entity12487 chemiluminescence assays. Accordingly, treatment of SHR with the @entity1129 (1) receptor antagonist @entity43058 improved @entity409 and reduced vascular free-radical release. Moreover, @entity2993 caused an upregulation of @entity2824 mRNA expression (138+/-7% of control) and an enhanced @entity2824 activity in the vessel wall (209+/-46% of control). Treatment of SHR with @entity2993 causes a significant @entity551 and a profound improvement of @entity409 mediated by a reduction of free radical release in the vasculature. The underlying mechanism could in part be based on the statin-induced downregulation of @entity1129 (1) receptor expression and decreased expression of the @entity1110 oxidase subunit @entity42458 , because @entity1129 (1) receptor activation plays a pivotal role for the induction of this redox system in the vessel wall.

title: @entity2453 reductase inhibitors improve @entity409 in normocholesterolemic @entity101 via reduced production of reactive XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['Atorvastatin', 'atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2824 :: ('24600(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial cell NO synthase', 'ecNOS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A', 'HMG-CoA']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity43058 :: ('MESH:C094626', 'Chemical') :: ['fonsartan']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically describe changes in @entity158 and functioning in @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) awaiting @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ), and to assess determinants of this change. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Database were searched through June 2008. The reference lists of eligible publications were reviewed. Studies that monitored @entity158 and functioning in @entity1 with hip or knee @entity571 during the waiting list for @entity2720 were analyzed. Data were collected with a pre-specified collection tool. Methodological quality was assessed and a best-evidence analysis was performed to summarize results. RESULTS: Fifteen studies, of which two were of high quality, were included and involved 788 hip and 858 knee @entity1 (mean age 59-72 and main wait 42-399 days). There was strong evidence that @entity158 (in hip and knee @entity571 ) and self-reported functioning (in hip @entity571 ) do not deteriorate during a <180 days wait. Conflicting evidence was established for the change on self-reported functioning in @entity1 with knee @entity571 waiting <180 days. Moreover, strong evidence was found for an association between the female gender and intensified @entity158 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity571 do not experience deterioration in @entity158 or self-reported functional status whilst waiting <180 days for @entity2720 . Changes over a longer waiting period are unclear. To strengthen and complement the present evidence, further high-quality studies are needed, in which preferably also performance-based measures are used.

title: The impact of waiting for XXXX on @entity158 and functional status: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['TJR', 'total joint replacement']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['total joint replacement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of @entity66 after neoadjuvant therapy for @entity0 is an ongoing challenge of breast imaging. This study evaluates the accuracy of a novel dedicated system for @entity0 ( @entity0 ) composed of the new generation of @entity19429 detectors in assessing @entity66 after neoadjuvant therapy in @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinical data, imaging, surgical, and pathological findings of 51 @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing neoadjuvant therapy were recorded. @entity0 findings were correlated with surgical pathology results. Accuracy of @entity0 in predicting complete pathological response and size of @entity66 was assessed according to molecular subtypes. RESULTS: The size of the largest focus of uptake on @entity0 correlated with the largest dimension measured on pathology (r  = 0.55; P  < .001). This correlation was stronger for triple negative and @entity1722 /neu positive subtypes (r  = 0.92 and 0.62, respectively). Sixteen @entity1 (31%) had complete pathological response. The sensitivity and specificity of @entity0 for detecting @entity66 were 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66-93) and 69% (95% CI, 42-88), respectively. For triple negative or @entity1722 /neu positive disease the sensitivity and specificity were 88% (95% CI, 62-98) and 75% (95% CI, 43-93), respectively. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of @entity0 in assessing @entity66 after neoadjuvant treatment might be related to the molecular subtype. Accuracy is highest in the triple negative and @entity1722 /neu positive subtypes.

title: Assessment of @entity66 With Molecular Breast Imaging in XXXX Undergoing Neoadjuvant Therapy: Association With Molecular Subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['MBI', 'breast cancer', 'molecular breast imaging']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity19429 :: ('MESH:C474490', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium zinc telluride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of low-dose @entity230 in @entity326 remain controversial. We investigated if these low doses were able to induce their expected hormonal effects by analyzing the biological modifications observed during the study, which first demonstrated the survival benefit of low-dose @entity230 . METHODS: This was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study in which 299 @entity326 @entity1 received a 7-day treatment with a combination of @entity701 (50 mg intravenously four times daily) and @entity7842 (50  g orally once daily) or matching placebos. Gluco- and mineralocorticoid biological effects observed during the 7 days of treatment were compared between groups. RESULTS: @entity230 significantly decreased eosinophil counts from day 2 to day 7. @entity230 significantly increased plasma @entity413 from day 2 (compared with placebos: +0.8 mmol/l) to day 7 (+1.8 mmol/l) and @entity165 from day 3 (+0.54 mmol/l) to day 7 (+0.39 mmol/l). @entity230 significantly increased plasma @entity1372 from day 3 (+2 mmol/l) to day 7 (+5 mmol/l) and significantly decreased plasma @entity972 on day 7 (-0.2 mmol/l). @entity230 significantly decreased urinary @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio from day 2 (-47 %) to day 7 (-57 %) and @entity1372 fractional excretion from day 3 (-25 %) to day 7 (-66 %). @entity230 significantly increased urine output on day 4 and 5 and osmolar clearance from day 4 to day 7, and decreased free-water clearance from day 4 to day 7, this effect being significant on day 4 and 6. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity326 , low-dose @entity230 induced both gluco- and mineralocorticoid biological effects and seemed to improve renal function. Most of these effects appeared after 2-3 days of treatment and lasted at least until the end of treatment.

title: Gluco- and mineralocorticoid biological effects of a 7-day treatment with low doses of @entity701 and @entity7842 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: There is a strong connection between @entity32 , altered microRNA (miRNA) expression and @entity694 . Longstanding @entity31 leads to increased risk for the development of @entity14 ( @entity14 ), while sporadic @entity14 is in part driven by the inflammatory microenvironment. This supports a causative role for @entity32 in @entity694 . miRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that have recently emerged as key players in both @entity32 and @entity5 . Some miRNAs act as inflammatory mediators, others can act as either oncogenes or @entity5 suppressors depending on the cellular environment in which they are expressed. In particular, @entity10017 is an oncogenic miRNA that has been implicated as an inflammatory mediator and may promote @entity32 -associated @entity694 . miRNAs have potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in @entity14 . They are currently being evaluated as early detection biomarkers and prognostic classifiers. Polymorphisms in miRNAs and miRNA-binding sites may alter one's risk of @entity14 . This review will focus on the role of @entity32 and miRNAs in @entity694 and discuss the potential for miRNAs and inflammatory genes to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of @entity14 .

title: MicroRNAs and @entity32 in the pathogenesis and progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases-related colitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The transcription factors @entity34579 and @entity36034 are fundamental regulators of hematopoiesis and show overlapping expression profiles. @entity36034 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and early erythroid-megakaryocytic progenitors and activates a certain set of early-phase genes, including the @entity36034 gene itself. @entity36034 also initiates @entity34579 gene expression. In contrast, @entity34579 is expressed in relatively mature erythroid progenitors and facilitates the expression of genes associated with differentiation, including the @entity34579 gene itself; however, @entity34579 represses the expression of @entity36034 . Switching of the @entity41551 factors from @entity36034 to @entity34579 appears to be one of the key regulatory mechanisms underlying erythroid differentiation. Loss-of-function analyses using @entity19 in vivo have shown that @entity36034 and @entity34579 are functionally non-redundant and that neither can compensate for the absence of the other. However, transgenic expression of @entity36034 under the transcriptional regulation of the @entity34579 gene rescues lethal dyserythropoiesis in @entity34579 -deficient @entity19 , demonstrating that the dynamic expression profiles of these @entity41551 factors are critically important for the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis. Analysis of naturally occurring @entity1778 in @entity34579 -knockdown @entity19 revealed that leukemic stem cells undergo functional alterations in response to exposure to chemotherapeutic agents. This mechanism may also underlie the aggravating features of relapsing @entity1778 . Recent hematological analyses have suggested that disturbances in the balance of the @entity41551 factors are associated with specific types of @entity1583 . Here, we describe @entity34579 - and @entity36034 -related @entity1503 , focusing on the regulation of @entity41551 factor gene expression.

title: XXXX -related @entity1503 .

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic disorders']

answer: @entity41551 :: (76563(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GATA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Silent @entity1188 have been reported in 17% of young @entity1 with @entity3458 and are associated with impaired performance on standardized psychometric tests. Risk factors for the development of these lesions have not been identified. METHODS: Investigators in the Cooperative Study of @entity3458 performed a brain magnetic resonance imaging scan on @entity3458 @entity1 age 5.9 years and older who had been followed according to the protocols of the Cooperative Study since birth. Individuals with a known history of cerebrovascular accident were excluded from this analysis. @entity1 with and without silent @entity1188 were compared with regard to clinical and laboratory parameters. RESULTS: The study sample included 42 @entity1 (18.3%) with silent @entity1188 . @entity1 who had silent @entity1188 were significantly more likely to have a clinical history of @entity410 and a lower painful event rate. Lower hemoglobin level, increased leukocyte count, elevated pocked red blood cell count, and @entity16646 betaS globin gene haplotype were associated also with the presence of silent @entity1188 . There was no relationship between silent @entity1188 and platelet count, fetal hemoglobin level, reticulocyte percentage, serum @entity492 aminotransferase level, total @entity648 concentration, blood pressure, growth parameters, or presence of @entity7723 . A multivariate model for silent @entity1188 identified the following as risk factors: low @entity158 event rate, history of @entity410 , leukocyte count >/=11.8 x 10(9)/L, and the @entity16646 betaS globin gene haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with risk factors for silent @entity1188 should be evaluated for @entity66 . If evidence of @entity1188 is found, consideration must be given to therapeutic intervention. At present, the appropriate treatment has not been determined.

title: Silent cerebral infarcts in XXXX : a risk factor analysis. The Cooperative Study of @entity3458 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['Sickle Cell Disease', 'sickle cell anemia', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell anemia']


abstract: @entity1 submucosal tracheal glands are now believed to play a major role in the physiopathology of @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). We successfully developed techniques for culturing @entity1 tracheal gland serous cells from normal individuals ( @entity44220 cells) and from @entity1577 @entity1 ( @entity1577 - @entity44220 cells) and have shown that the cultured cells have retained most of their in vivo epithelial and secretory characteristics. In order to determine to what extent the serous cells may participate in the lung defense against @entity281 , we examined the effects of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of @entity796 on @entity44220 and @entity1577 - @entity44220 cells, with special reference to @entity5 necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 secretion. @entity44220 cells showed a daily basal secretion of IL-6 (1.68 +/- 0.14 ng/10(6) cells) and IL-8 (9.6 +/- 1.3 ng/10(6) cells) and no constitutive secretion of TNF-alpha. Treatment with @entity796 LPS resulted in a significant increase in the basal production of IL-6 (increase of 200% +/- 12%) and IL-8 (525% +/- 40%) as well as a rapid production of TNF-alpha (250 +/- 38 pg/10(6) cells). The LPS-induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, but not that of TNF-alpha, was inhibited by glucocorticoids. @entity1577 - @entity44220 cells showed a much higher basal secretion of IL-6 (13.2 +/- 0.5 ng/10(6) cells) and IL-8 (45.6 +/- 7.2 ng/10(6) cells) than normal cells. Treatment with the LPS of @entity796 induced increased production of IL-6 (increase of 100% +/- 8%) and IL-8 (55% +/- 18%) but did not induce the secretion of TNF-alpha. Neither intracellular TNF-alpha nor TNF-alpha transcripts were found in @entity1577 - @entity44220 cells, whereas they were found in normal @entity44220 cells. In addition, @entity619 was found to stimulate IL-6 and IL-8 secretion (in the presence or absence of LPS) but did not induce any secretion of TNF-alpha. All these data indicate that @entity44220 cells are responsive to @entity796 LPS, which results in an increased secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, the secretion of which appeared to be impaired in @entity1577 - @entity44220 cells.

title: Altered cytokine production by XXXX tracheal gland serous cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse to what extent declines in incidence and mortality of @entity453 can be attributed to improved hospital and post-hospital treatment in contrast to how much is due to primary prevention. DESIGN: A register for non-fatal and fatal @entity583 and @entity944 registered in in-hospital as well as out-of-hospital events between 1975 and 1994. SETTING: City of G  teborg, Sweden, with 450,000 inhabitants. RESULTS: Seventy-one per cent of the decline in attacks could be attributed to a decline in first @entity1188 . Of the decrease in coronary deaths, 63% was due to a decline in out-of-hospital mortality. Previous registrations for @entity583 were considerably more common amongst @entity1 who died in hospital (29%) than amongst those who died out-of-hospital (11-16%) or who survived an @entity1188 (11-13%). Out-of-hospital resuscitation contributed to about half of the reduction in out-of-hospital mortality. Thus, most of the decline in incidence and about half of the decline in @entity944 was due to primary preventive measures. Population data on risk factors indicate a decline of 37% between 1963 and 1995 in coronary risk amongst consecutive cohorts of 50-year-old @entity1 in the community. CONCLUSION: Out-of-hospital resuscitation, treatment in coronary care units and post-infarct treatment improved considerably, but changes in primary risk factors were also of major importance for the decline in incidence and mortality.

title: Relative importance of improved hospital treatment and primary prevention. Results from 20 years of the XXXX Register, G  teborg, Sweden.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden coronary deaths', 'sudden coronary death']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A new @entity2983 rectal gel preparation (without propellant gas) has been recently developed to improve topical treatment in distal @entity31 . AIM: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and @entity1 tolerability of @entity2983 gel enema compared with @entity2983 foam enema in the treatment of @entity1 with acute @entity31 . METHODS: In a randomized multicentre investigator-blind parallel group trial, 103 @entity1 with mild to moderate left-sided @entity1960 or @entity9916 were randomly allocated to @entity2983 2 g gel enema (n = 50 evaluable @entity1 ) and @entity2983 2 g foam enema (n = 53 evaluable @entity1 ) for 4 weeks. Clinical symptoms, endoscopic and histological findings were assessed at entry, 2 and 4 weeks. @entity1 ' evaluation of treatment tolerability and acceptability was assessed at 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of treatment, clinical remission was achieved by 76% of @entity2983 gel enema-treated @entity1 and 69% of @entity1 treated with @entity2983 foam enema (P = 0.608). Endoscopic remission rates at week 4 were 51 and 52% for the @entity2983 gel and foam enemas, respectively (P = 0.925). Histological remission was achieved by 30% of @entity1 in both groups. @entity1 reported that the new @entity2983 gel preparation was significantly better tolerated than the foam enema. @entity1 in the foam group had significantly more difficulty in retention (25% vs. 6%, P < 0.05), abdominal bloating (50% vs. 26%, P < 0.005) and discomfort during administration (48% vs. 26%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The new @entity2983 gel enema is efficacious and significantly better tolerated than the @entity2983 foam enema.

title: A new @entity2983 gel enema in the treatment of XXXX : a randomized controlled multicentre trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9916 :: ('MESH:D011350', 'Disease') :: ['proctosigmoiditis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'left-sided ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['left-sided ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Diets rich in protein are often used for @entity353 in @entity28 @entity1 , but their long-term effects are not fully understood. @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) is considered to be a risk factor for @entity65 , and its levels are influenced by diet, particularly the protein and fat content. We studied the effect of diets with varying fat/protein content on body weight and composition, food intake, Hcy, B vitamins, leptin, and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: For 2 mo, Long-Evans @entity35 were fed either a low protein/high fat (LP), a standard control (C), or a @entity258 ( @entity258 ) diet containing 5, 15, or 40% protein, respectively, and normal @entity1735 content (55% of total energy). RESULTS: The @entity258 @entity35 ingested 12 to 15% fewer calories (P < 0.001), gained less weight (P < 0.04), and were less fatty (P < 0.01) than the other groups. Plasma Hcy was increased in @entity258 @entity35 compared to C (+23%) and LP (+29%) @entity35 (P < 0.03). It was positively correlated with protein intake (r = 0.386; P < 0.01). No obvious signs of @entity32 were observed in any of the groups. Hcy increase was related directly to decrease in plasma @entity1501 (r = -0.372; P < 0.02). CONCLUSION: These data confirm the beneficial effects of @entity258 diets on body weight but bring attention to the control of @entity1501 allowance to limit the adverse effects of elevated Hcy. Ingestion of @entity1501 -rich foods or even @entity1501 supplementation should be considered when using these @entity258 diets over the long term for @entity353 .

title: Increased homocysteinemia is associated with beneficial effects on body weight after long-term high-protein, low-fat diet in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'high protein/low fat']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: It is thought that the incidence and severity of @entity5 chemotherapy-associated @entity33 is caused in part by changes in the oral bacterial microflora. This systematic review examined the role of oral bacterial microflora changes in the development of @entity3136 during chemotherapy. Thirteen prospective clinical trials were identified, involving 300 @entity1 with 13 different @entity5 diagnoses. There was great variability in @entity1 populations, bacterial sample collection methodology, and oral sample sites. No clear pattern regarding qualitative and quantitative oral flora changes emerged among these studies. The most frequent Gram-negative species isolated during chemotherapy were from the Enterobacteriaceae family, Pseudomonas sp. and @entity526 . The most common Gram-positive species isolated were Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. Five studies assessed the role of oral flora changes in the genesis of oral mucosal changes, with no consensus among them. More detailed studies are required to understand the relationship between chemotherapy, alterations in the nature and magnitude of the oral microflora, and the presence of @entity33 .

title: Relationship between XXXX and changes in oral microflora during @entity5 chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucositis']


abstract: @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) levels must be modulated to permit the normal progress of development and reproductive maturation in mosquitoes. @entity2338 is part of a transduction system that assesses nutritional information and controls reproduction in mosquitoes. Adult female @entity4224 show nutritionally-dependent dynamic changes in corpora allata (CA) @entity2338 biosynthetic activities. A coordinated expression of most @entity2338 biosynthetic enzymes has been described in female pupae and adult mosquitoes; increases or decreases in transcript levels for all the enzymes were concurrent with increases or decreases in @entity2338 synthesis; suggesting that transcriptional changes are at least partially responsible for the dynamic changes of @entity2338 biosynthesis. The goal of the present study is to identify signaling network components responsible for the nutritional-dependent changes of @entity2338 synthesis in the CA of mosquitoes. The insulin/TOR signaling network plays a central role in the transduction of nutritional signals that regulate cell growth and metabolism in insects. These pathways have also been suggested as a link between nutritional signals and @entity2338 synthesis regulation in the CA of cockroaches and flies. We used a combination of in  vitro studies and in  vivo genetic knockdown experiments to explore nutritional signaling pathways in the CA. Our results suggest that the insulin/TOR pathway plays a role in the transduction of the nutritional information that regulates @entity2338 synthesis in mosquitoes. Transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding @entity2338 biosynthetic enzymes is at least partially responsible for these nutritionally modulated changes of @entity2338 biosynthesis.

title: The insulin/TOR signal transduction pathway is involved in the nutritional regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile hormone', 'JH']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduced @entity644 results in delayed deterioration of renal function and remission of @entity644 predicts a good long-term prognosis in @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 (SRNS). The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the combined @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitor and @entity11502 receptor blocker in reducing @entity644 in SRNS. METHODS: A prospective study of eight @entity1 with SRNS was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University from September 2003 to December 2007. @entity4688 was given at 0.1 mg/kg/day and was increased by 0.1 mg/kg/day every 4 weeks up to 0.6 mg/kg/day (maximum 40 mg/day) and 1 mg/kg/day of @entity9886 was added for 4 weeks and stepped up to 2 mg/kg/day (maximum 100 mg/day) for another 4 weeks. RESULTS: There were five @entity1 (62.5%) and three @entity1 (37.5%). The mean age at diagnosis was 8.3    4.1 years (range 2.05-13 years) and age at enrollment was 11.7    3.8 years (range 6-16 years). Renal histology revealed seven @entity628 and one immunoglobulin M @entity8 . The results showed significant reduction on mean spot urine protein : @entity1011 ratio from 9.6    2.3 to 3.6    1.6 (P < 0.05) and 24-h urine protein from 182.8    59.6 to 28.7    8.2 mg/m(2) /h (P < 0.05). Urine protein reduction ratio at the end of the study was 50% (P= 0.08). Serum @entity165 , albumin, @entity972 , blood pressure and renal function had no significant change. No clinical and laboratory side-effects were reported. CONCLUSION: Combined high-dose @entity11502 receptor blocker to high-dose @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitor therapy is safe and effective in reducing @entity644 in childhood SRNS. However a large-scale study should be conducted to validate this result.

title: Combined renin @entity7774 blockade in childhood @entity479 -resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown that a sizable percentage of @entity439 repair (EVAR) for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) is performed outside the instructions for use (IFU). We report our long-term outcomes after EVAR with respect to device-specific IFU. METHODS: Computed tomography angiography data from a cohort of 566 @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria who underwent elective EVAR between 2003 and 2014 were examined. Preoperative anatomic measurements for each @entity1 were taken and compared with device-specific IFU. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality and AAA-related mortality. Secondary outcomes were late-onset @entity397 , need for reintervention, endoleaks, @entity439 sac enlargement, and intraoperative and perioperative complications. RESULTS: Nine different stent grafts were placed in this set of @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 3.54     2.65  years. Most @entity1 (465; 82.2%) were male, and the mean age was 74.8     8.70  years. Overall, 176 @entity1 (31.1%) fit all IFU anatomic criteria, and 535 @entity1 (94.5%) fit at least half of IFU criteria. In @entity1 , iliac artery diameter was most commonly outside of IFU (253; 44.7%). A total of 1114 iliac arteries were treated, with 463 (41.6%) treated outside of iliac artery diameter IFU; the majority of these (374; 80.7%) were larger than IFU. Demographics and comorbidities were comparable between the groups within and outside of IFU. AAA-related mortality and all-cause mortality were similar between these two groups, as was late-onset @entity397 , need for reintervention, rates of @entity1070 , @entity439 sac enlargement, and major intraoperative and perioperative complications. The sole statistically significant difference in secondary outcomes was increased perioperative blood transfusion needed in those treated outside the IFU, 13.2% vs 6.2% in those treated within IFU (P  = .02); however, this was not associated with decreased access vessel diameter or iliac @entity397 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite most EVAR @entity1 being treated outside of IFU, there was no difference in outcomes with respect to all-cause mortality or @entity439 -related mortality. In addition, with the exception of perioperative blood transfusions, there was no association between IFU adherence and late-onset @entity397 , need for reintervention, rates of @entity1070 , @entity439 sac enlargement, or most other major complications.

title: No major difference in outcomes for XXXX repair stent grafts placed outside of instructions for use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['artery rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: @entity900 -based chemotherapy results in high cure rate in @entity5 . The issue of @entity137 is of special concern in young @entity1 with a probability of cure of at least 70-80% even in disseminated disease. As the literature shows, the @entity2167 side effects of @entity900 have been studied mostly by conventional method. The authors used distortion product otoacoustic emission to detect the long-term @entity2167 effect of @entity900 in 223 @entity1 with a median follow-up time of 4.27 years (range 0.5-20 years) and a median age of 37 years (range 18-55 years). @entity900 (20 mg/m(2) body surface) was administered for five days per cycle, in combination with other antitumor drugs. The control group consisted of 40 @entity5 @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy, with a median age of 35 years (range 16-54 years). A detailed medical history based on a standardized questionnaire evaluated hearing complaints and audiological risk factors, such as @entity542 , @entity102 media, previous noise exposure and @entity393 . DPOAE was measured at 8 frequencies from 750 to 8000 Hz. No amplitude changes were detected in @entity1 receiving =300 mg/m(2) @entity900 . At higher doses, contrary to the literature, not only high frequencies were affected: our method could detect significant @entity393 at lower frequencies important for speech perception in @entity1 receiving at least 400 mg/m(2) @entity900 . The lower frequencies where significant amplitude changes were detected were 3000 Hz at 400 mg/m(2), and 1500, 2000 and 3000 Hz at 500-600 mg/m(2). We detected the worst hearing in the case of @entity1 who had symptomatic @entity2167 . Age and the cumulative dose of @entity900 proved statistically significant risk factors, while smoking or noise exposure did not have predictive value. As a conclusion, DPOAE is a fast, noninvasive and reliable method for the detection of late @entity2167 in @entity5 @entity1 . In our study @entity393 correlated with the cumulative dose of @entity900 . Hearing impairment contributes to the already compromised situation of @entity5 @entity1 .

title: [Detection of late XXXX side effect of @entity900 by distortion otoacoustic emission (DPOAE)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxic', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['familial hearing loss', 'hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['ototoxic']


abstract: According to several follow-up studies in the literature, @entity1278 has to be considered as an affection with a grave prognosis. We have studied the outcome in a group of 32 female @entity1 who could be considered as homogeneous in a number of aspects. The following five criteria, on which the delineation of the syndrome is based, were realized in all the @entity1 : considerable weight loss; limited food intake; @entity2588 ; juvenile age of onset; absence of primary organic or specific @entity914 . All of them presented a serious symptomatology and had undergone some previous treatment under the form of ambulatory psychotherapy and/or forced feeding. They all received, during their admission in the same hospital, the same form of combined intensive medical and psychotherapeutic treatment. All of them maintained regular psychotherapeutic contacts with the same psychiatrist. According to the outcome, the @entity1 could be categorized into three groups: the cured, the improved, the unimproved. In order to circumscribe some prognostic elements, we have compared a number of clinical, family and personality variables in these groups. As favorable clinical factors can be mentioned: younger age at admission and shorter duration of the illness. Manifestations of impulsive behavior (automutilation, @entity23 , fugues, etc. ...) and sucide attempts are unfavorable. No definite family factors can be defined, although the absence of psychological interaction with the father seems to be unfavorable. A better prognostic outcome is offered by the following personality characteristics, determined by psychological testing: lower @entity663 and higher self-defensiveness on the ABV; a lower general profile and especially a lower score on the @entity161 scale of the MMPI; less pronounced tendencies to infantile regression, passivity and sexual repression as these are expressed in the TAT.

title: Elements of resistance to a combined medical and psychotherapeutic program in XXXX . An overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['kleptomania']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: Epicardial fat is a relatively neglected component of the heart. The purpose of this review was to examine the anatomic and biochemical data on epicardial fat; to examine the relationship of epicardial fat to @entity28 and to explore the potential role of epicardial fat in the relationship of @entity28 to @entity301 . Epicardial fat covers 80% of the heart's surface and constitutes 20% of total heart weight. It is present along the distribution of the coronary arteries, over the right ventricle especially along the right border, anterior surface and at the apex. There is three- to fourfold more epicardial fat associated with the right than the left ventricle. Putative physiologic functions of epicardial fat are based on observational data and include: buffering coronary arteries against the torsion induced by the arterial pulse wave and cardiac contraction, facilitating coronary artery remodelling, regulating @entity844 homeostasis in the coronary microcirculation and providing @entity1718 to cardiac muscle as a local energy source in times of high demand. A considerable amount of the data on epicardial fat originates from autopsy series that have the inherent problem that conditions leading to death may have altered body composition and @entity1386 . With this caveat, data indicate that epicardial fat mass increases age until age 20-40 years but thereafter the amount of epicardial fat is not dependent on age. The amount of epicardial fat correlates with heart weight but the presence of @entity741 and @entity1184 does not alter the ratio of epicardial fat to cardiac muscle mass. A number of properties differentiate epicardial fat from other fat depots specifically its smaller adipocytes size; different @entity844 composition, high protein content; high rates of @entity844 incorporation, @entity844 synthesis, insulin-induced lipogenesis or @entity844 breakdown; low rates of @entity413 utilization, low expression (mRNA) of @entity5523 , @entity20527 desaturase and @entity6625 carboxylase-alpha, and slow regression during @entity353 . There is a significant direct relationship between the amount of epicardial fat and general body @entity1386 . Clinical imaging studies have demonstrated a strong direct correlation between epicardial fat and abdominal visceral @entity1386 . Several lines of evidence support a role for epicardial fat in the pathogenesis of @entity453 , namely the close anatomic relationship between epicardial fat and coronary arteries; the positive correlation between the amount of epicardial fat and the presence of @entity453 and the ability of adipose tissue to secrete hormones and cytokines that modulate coronary artery atherothrombosis. Thus, epicardial fat maybe an important factor responsible for @entity65 in @entity28 .

title: Epicardial fat: properties, function and relationship to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherothrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity20527 :: ('MESH:C017725', 'Chemical') :: ['stearoyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5523 :: ('4023', 'Gene') :: ['lipoprotein lipase']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']