abstract: We treated seventy @entity11539 with ligation of the deep dorsal vein of the penis. Their corporal veno-occlusive function was evaluated by dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography (DICC). Under local anesthesia, we made a longitudinal skin incision at the base of the penis. The deep dorsal vein was ligated and also a portion of this vein of 1.5 cm long was resected together with branches surrounding the vein. After the operation, the infusion rate determined by DICC was confirmed to be decreased in almost all @entity1 . Thirty nine out of seventy cases had their erectile capability restored and reported that they could achieve sexual intercourse. Sixty one of the seventy cases showed full erection together with an intracavernous papaverine injection. However fifty percent of the sixty one @entity1 who became capable of obtaining erection with the treatment had lost their erectile capability again within one year of the operation, however the other fifty percent were shown to maintain their erectile capability for up to three years. As four years after the treatment only thirty percent of those who had achieved the initial erectile capability still remained potent. This operation is easy to perform without any major complications, and its outcome is as good as that achieved by other more invasive venous ligation in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity11539 . We therefore conclude that penile deep dorsal vein ligation and partial resection of the vein one of the most useful treatments currently available for @entity11539 and should be the treatment of choice.

title: [Results of deep dorsal vein ligation for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity11539 :: ('MESH:D018783', 'Disease') :: ['venogenic impotence']

answer: @entity11539 :: (MESH:D018783,Disease) :: ['venogenic impotence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the intraoperative findings and facial nerve management in nine @entity1 who presented with @entity3541 associated with @entity1823 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 medical records. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. @entity1 : All @entity1 who presented with @entity3541 and @entity1823 who underwent surgical resection of their @entity5 at our institution. INTERVENTION: A postauricular infratemporal fossa approach for @entity5 removal and greater auricular interposition neural repair. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Intraoperative facial nerve findings and long-term facial recovery. RESULTS: One hundred two @entity1 underwent a postauricular infratemporal approach for resection of @entity1823 from July 1988 through July 2005. Nine of these @entity1 presented with ipsilateral @entity3541 . The medial surface of the vertical segment was invaded by @entity5 in all nine cases. Facial recovery at 2 years was House-Brackmann Grade III in eight @entity1 and Grade IV in one individual. Facial recovery did not significantly change after 2 years (mean follow-up of 7.4 years). DISCUSSION: Facial nerve invasion of the vertical segment occurred in 9 (9%) of 101 @entity1 in our series. Facial nerve resection with interposition grafting resulted in House-Brackmann Grade III in eight (89%) of nine @entity1 . Facial nerve dissection and preservation was not possible when preoperative @entity3541 was evident.

title: @entity3541 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['a glomus jugulare tumor', 'glomus jugulare tumor', 'glomus jugulare tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['glomus jugulare tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: We provide recommendations for defining and treating bone related events in high risk @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A focused literature review was done. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity263 often have @entity170 and @entity2331 even before initiating @entity342 deprivation therapy. After starting @entity342 deprivation therapy they experience accelerated @entity604 . Bone mineral density is the most common tool to assess the degree of @entity604 , although the use of bone turnover markers for this purpose is being actively explored. @entity171 are effective for increasing bone mineral density and treating @entity170 . The benefits derived from @entity171 should be weighed against the adverse effects, including the risk of @entity2530 of the jaw. Treatment is indicated in @entity1 with @entity263 with @entity170 and it may be considered in @entity1 with @entity2331 and/or additional risk factors. The time of initiation of therapy and duration of treatment have not been conclusively established. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged @entity342 deprivation therapy results in @entity604 and it has a potential to impact quality of life. Additional research is needed to characterize @entity1 who would benefit from therapy and optimize strategies to prevent @entity170 .

title: Bone related events in high risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates', 'Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The incidence of @entity3510 in Malaysia is on the rise following similar trend of rapid development and increasing number of building constructions sites, and motor vehicles. This epidemiological study was aimed at compiling local data with a view to identifying target areas for preventive measures as well as improvement strategies in the management of these potentially devastating injuries. Seventy eight @entity1 admitted with spine @entity130 in 1998 in a level-one @entity130 centre were retrospectively reviewed. All records were traced from the admission and discharge books of the orthopaedic wards, accident and emergency wards, operative registration book, spinal rehabilitation ward and orthopaedic registration data of the Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Details on pre-treatment neurological and radiological level of injury and post-treatment outcomes were recorded according to the American @entity3510 scale. Most @entity1 (61.5%) were in the productive ages of less than 34 years with a 4:1 male to female ratio. Majority were due to motor vehicle accidents (57.7%) and fall from a height (28.3%). The thoraco-lumbar junction was the most common site of injury followed by the lower cervical region with 62.5% of which associated with @entity51 . @entity51 : 11 ASIA-A, 1 ASIA-B, 6 ASIA-C, and 3 ASIA-D were detected in 21 (27%) @entity1 with fall from height (50%) particularly landing on the feet (50%) and recreational sports (100%) were the risk factors. Less than 10% of @entity1 were treated surgically and this explains an average 39.4 days of hospitalization (5 times longer in @entity1 treated non-operatively). On discharge, four @entity1 with incomplete neurology recovered to ASIA-E status and the remaining improved to ASIA-C and -D in one and five @entity1 respectively. Only one @entity1 with complete neurology improved to ASIA-B status following surgical treatment. The demographic profiles of our @entity1 were comparable to other series in the literature but still inadequate to provide enough epidemiological data. A multicenter study to provide a larger pool of @entity1 is needed.

title: XXXX in a level-one @entity130 centre: a demographic study.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment', 'spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

answer: @entity3510 :: (MESH:D013124,Disease) :: ['Spinal injuries']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One of the main uses of robotic assisted abdominal surgery is the mesorectal excision in @entity1 with @entity5 . The aim of the present study is to analyse the learning curve for robotic assisted laparoscopic resection of @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We included in our study 43 consecutive @entity5 resections (16 females and 27 males) performed from January 2008 through December 2010. Mean age of @entity1 was 66        9.0  years. Surgical procedures included both abdomino-perineal and anterior resections. We analysed the following parameters: demographic data of the @entity1 included in the study, intra- and postoperative data, time taking to set up the robot for operations (set-up or docking time), operative time, intra- and @entity260 , conversion rates and pathological specimen features. The learning curve was analysed using cumulative sum (CUSUM) methodology. RESULTS: The procedures understudied included seven abdomino-perineal resections and 36 anterior resections. In our series of @entity1 , mean robotic set-up time was 62.9        24.6  min, and the mean operative time was 197.4        44.3  min. Once we applied CUSUM methodology, we obtained two graphs for CUSUM values (operating time and success), both of them showing three well-differentiated phases: phase 1 (the initial 9-11 cases), phase 2 (the middle 12 cases) and phase 3 (the remaining 20-22 cases). Phase 1 represents initial learning; phase 2 plateau represents increased competence in the use of the robotic system, and finally, phase 3 represents the period of highest skill or mastery with a reduction in docking time (p   =   0.000), but a slight increase in operative time (p   =   0.007). CONCLUSION: The CUSUM curve shows three phases in the learning and use of robotic assisted @entity5 surgery which correspond to the phases of initial learning of the technique, consolidation and higher expertise or mastery. The data obtained suggest that the estimated learning curve for robotic assisted @entity5 surgery is achieved after 21-23 cases.

title: Learning curve for robotic-assisted XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic rectal cancer']


abstract: The advent of PCR has improved the identification of viruses in @entity1 with @entity497 ( @entity497 ). Several studies have used PCR to establish the importance of viruses in the aetiology of @entity497 .We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies that reported the proportion of @entity1800 detected via PCR in @entity1 with @entity497 . We excluded studies with paediatric populations. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 with @entity1800 . The secondary outcome was short-term mortality.Our review included 31 studies. Most obtained PCR via nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab. The pooled proportion of @entity1 with @entity1800 was 24.5% (95% CI 21.5-27.5%). In studies that obtained lower respiratory samples in >50% of @entity1 , the proportion was 44.2% (95% CI 35.1-53.3%). The odds of @entity204 were higher in @entity1 with @entity2348 (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.32-3.31). @entity1800 is present in a high proportion of @entity1 with @entity497 . The true proportion of @entity1800 is probably underestimated because of negative test results from nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab PCR. There is increased mortality in @entity1 with @entity2348 .

title: @entity1800 in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['dual bacterial and viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infection', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity1653 were treated with a high-energy linear accelerator (4-10 MV. X rays and electron beams) between 1980 and 1992 at the Hiroshima Prefectural Hiroshima Hospital. We investigated the relationships between @entity5 size and @entity5 response, histological type and @entity5 response, and grade of operation using Simpson's classification and recurrence rate. @entity1653 were greatly reduced between 1 month and 46 months after radiotherapy, the average being 14 months. In the group with a @entity5 size of less than 5 cm2, 3 @entity1 obtained CR, 5 @entity1 NC and 1 @entity1 @entity1726 . @entity5 response was 89% in the group with a combination of CR with NC. In the group with a @entity5 size of 5 to 20 cm2, 2 @entity1 obtained PR, 1 @entity1 NC and 1 @entity1 @entity1726 . @entity5 response was 75% in the group with a combination of PR with NC. In the group with a @entity5 size of more than 20 cm2, 3 @entity1 showed NC, 3 @entity1 @entity1726 . @entity5 response was 50% in the group with NC. In the group with a @entity5 size of less than 20 cm2, @entity5 response was 85%. In the group with a @entity5 size of more than 20 cm2, it was 50%. Though there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, a @entity5 size of less than 20 cm2 had a tendency to be more responsive than one of more than 20 cm2. The response of @entity1653 of the transitional type was worse than that of the meningothelial type and fibroblastic type. Fourteen @entity1 after Simpson grade II or III operation were free of recurrence. The results of this study support the role of radiotherapy for @entity1653 which is less than 20 cm2, and also for treatment after Simpson grade II or III operation.

title: [The usefulness of radiotherapy in the management of @entity1653 : a review of 29 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'Meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity174 are commonly plated as a method of fixation, with superior and anterior techniques described. Although advantages and disadvantages have been attributed to both, it is unclear if one approach provides a lower risk of @entity531 . The aim of this study was to compare the potential for @entity531 between these 2 plate locations in a cadaveric model. METHODS: Seventeen adult fresh frozen cadavers underwent bilateral dissections exposing the clavicle and underlying neurovasculature. After taking baseline anatomical measurements, a superior and anterior clavicle plate was applied, removed and measurements were taken from the nearest screw exit site to the underlying subclavian vein/artery and brachial plexus. The differences between superior and anterior measurements were compared based on proximity with the neurovasculature. RESULTS: Distance to the vessels were unobtainable in 6 specimens (35%) plated with the anterior technique due to the trajectory of the screws projecting cephalad to the vessels. In the remaining specimens, there was no significant difference in the distance to the subclavian vein/artery and brachial plexus in the superior plate position (9.2    4.6, 12.2    5.8, and 9.8    5.2 mm, respectively) compared with the anterior plate position (8.3    3.5, 12.2    6.5, and 9.7    5.3 mm, respectively). In addition, no significant difference in potential @entity531 with regard to body size or gender was found. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of our specimens showed no significant difference between superior and anterior plating in regard to potential risk for injury to the underlying neurovasculature. However, there appears to be a subset of the population with a more caudal position of the @entity531 in which anterior plating may be potentially safer.

title: Analysis of neurovascular safety between superior and anterior plating techniques of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular injury', 'neurovascular structures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Clavicle fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['clavicle fractures']


abstract: A study of the coefficient of correlation has been made, based on cutaneous response and by intradermal means, between household dust from Barcelona diluted to a strength of 1/1,000 and an extract of @entity7130 and its medium of culture, diluted to a strength of 1/1,000,000. This study was effected to a group of thirty-three @entity1 with @entity56 , sensitive to household dust, with a resultant value of r = 0.94 (p less than 0.001). In the same way, thirty-six @entity1 with the same characteristics, the correlations between the same extracts and an extract of dust without mites has been studied. Using Spiekma's technic, this dust was obtained through successive sifts gathered in a case under the inferior sifter. Of the mentioned dust, two equal fractions were made, one to confirm the absence of mites (Spiekma's technique) and the other to realize the extract, preparing the dilutions 1/1,000 and 1/1,000,000. With the dilution 1/1,000, the value is r = 1 (p less than 0.001) for the domestic dust and of r = 0.94 (p less than 0.001) for the @entity7130 . In sixteen of the above mentioned @entity1 , the study was repeated with the same extract, using the dilution of 1/1,000,000, and the values obtained were of r for household dust of 0.004 (p less than 0.55) and for @entity7130 of 0.016 (p less than 0.55). In twenty-one of these @entity1 , unmited dust and the extract of the way of cultivation (9 parts of @entity1 skin scales and 1 part of Sacharomyces) was compared, both diluted to 1/1,000. The value obtained was of r = 0.89 (p less than 0.001). Taking these results into consideration, it seems that @entity7130 is the most powerful allergene of dust, but the possible role of fecal pellets, product of mite excretion and of @entity1 skin scales should be considered as minor allergenes. The @entity1 skin scales emphasize their role in this case, and even though good correlation is obtained, we need to use concentrations a thousand times bigger than the @entity7130 . One can think of it being the same antigen, but the study made previously between uncultivated mites in @entity1 skin scales and these in concentrations of the same potence, has been of 0.31, which leads us to think that it is not the same antigene. Finally we consider that in some conditions, it is possible that other antigenes participate in the genesis of dust allergic (fecal pellets, @entity1 skin scales), but the antigenic power is very low.

title: [Allergens of domestic dust. III. Comparison of the cutaneous responses to an extract of total dust, to an extract of XXXX and to an extract of dissacharinized dust].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'children']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['D. Pteronyssinus']

answer: @entity7130 :: (6956,Species) :: ['D. pteronyssinus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate @entity1 ' experiences of health and social care services in long-term neurological conditions in England. METHOD: Cross-sectional survey of 5209 @entity1 members of the @entity4681 ( @entity4681 , n = 890), @entity15 ( @entity15 , n = 2345) or @entity191 ( @entity1726 , n = 1974). A questionnaire on @entity1 experiences of health and social care was completed by 2563 (49%) (505 @entity4681 , 1157 @entity15 and 901 @entity1726 ). RESULTS: A mixed picture of experiences of health and social care in @entity4681 , @entity15 or @entity1726 was found with few problems reported for some aspects of services such as obtaining information about medication (n = 117, 6.1%). In contrast, problems with planning and integration of care were reported frequently, with 78.0% of @entity1 not having a care plan and 61.9% reporting that services do not collaborate well in planning care. Other problems included delays with diagnosis, information about medication side effects, and management of conditions whilst in hospital. Significant differences between the three conditions were found for most aspects of care, with @entity4681 @entity1 generally reporting fewer problems. The findings highlight which areas of health and social care need to be improved and monitored. While a larger sample size was obtained than in other studies, possible limitations include the sampling frame and the 49% response rate. CONCLUSION: Planning and integration of care are key areas that require improvement.

title: XXXX ' experiences of health and social care in long-term neurological conditions in England: a cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's UK"]

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['Motor Neurone Disease Association', 'MND']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis Society']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical presentation and outcomes of @entity6275 ( @entity6275 ) in pediatric @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 and four @entity1 were followed up between 1993 and 1999 for @entity6275 diagnosed on the basis of radiographic @entity79 with, at the same sites, increased radionuclide uptake, negative microbiological specimens, and histological evidence of nonspecific @entity4034 . RESULTS: Mean age at @entity6275 was 9.6+/-3.4 years, mean disease duration was 5.3+/-2.5 years, and mean number of flares per @entity1 was 5.9+/-3.7. Thirty-four percent of lesions were in the metaphyses of the lower limb bones, 14% in the pelvis, and 13% in the chest wall (with @entity75 in four @entity1 ). Three @entity1 had @entity272 ( @entity1569 in two and @entity709 in one). Eight patients received antibiotic therapy, for 2 months at the most, to no advantage in the short term. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used in all 14 @entity1 and glucocorticoid therapy in four. @entity3378 was used in five @entity1 , to good effect in four. Mean follow-up was 5.3+/-2.5 years. At last follow-up, eight @entity1 had active disease, including one with @entity603 and one with @entity195 . CONCLUSION: As compared to @entity17829 , @entity272 and chest wall involvement are less common in @entity6275 . The long-term prognosis is guarded: in our study only six of 14 @entity1 were in remission at last follow-up.

title: XXXX : five-year outcomes in 14 pediatric cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis', 'CRMO']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['clavicular lesions']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar pustulosis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Takayashu's disease"]

entities_list: @entity17829 :: ('MESH:D020083', 'Disease') :: ['SAPHO syndrome']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare 18% @entity1068 versus mechanical epithelial debridement in a group of @entity1 having photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low to moderate @entity1714 or @entity940 . SETTING: Hospital San Jose de Monterrey, Mexico. METHODS: This prospective, paired study comprised 18 @entity1 who had bilateral PRK between June 1994 and March 1995. One eye had @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) debridement and the other, mechanical. Time between PRKs was about 6 months. The two groups ( @entity167 versus mechanical) were compared for rate of re-epithelialization, refractive outcome, improvement in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), subjective haze grading, and loss of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: There was a nonsignificant trend in the @entity167 -treated eyes toward a more rapid visual recovery. One week after PRK, 76% in the @entity167 group but only 31% in the mechanical group had a UCVA of 20/40 or better. There were no significant between-group differences in rate of re-epithelialization, refractive outcome, subjective haze grading, and loss of BCVA. CONCLUSION: Chemical de-epithelialization with dilute @entity1068 appears to be a simple, safe, and effective alternative to mechanical scraping before PRK and might promote faster visual rehabilitation.

title: Dilute XXXX versus mechanical debridement before photorefractive keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the prostate gland have dramatically improved the ability to detect and stage @entity263 , one of the most frequently diagnosed @entity5 in @entity1 and one of the most frequently diagnosed pathologic conditions of the prostate gland. A wide variety of @entity66 can also be seen with MR imaging, ranging from benign to malignant diseases, as well as infectious and inflammatory manifestations. Many of these diseases have distinctive imaging features that allow differentiation from prostate acinar @entity420 . Early recognition of these entities produces a more accurate differential diagnosis and may enable more expeditious clinical workup. @entity5 of the prostate include @entity15037 and @entity9296 , both of which demonstrate distinctive imaging features. Stromal neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential are rare @entity5 of uncertain malignant potential that are often difficult to distinguish at imaging from more-malignant @entity1069 . Other @entity5 of the prostate include @entity189 , primary @entity1069 , @entity6962 , @entity4348 , and @entity3079 . @entity1069 can lead to abscesses of pyogenic, tuberculous, or fungal origins. Finally, miscellaneous @entity74 of the prostate include @entity2783 , exophytic @entity1067 , and various @entity45 . Considerable overlap can exist in the clinical history and imaging findings associated with these prostate pathologic conditions, and biopsy is often required for ultimate confirmation of the diagnosis. However, many diagnoses, including @entity9296 , @entity3079 , @entity242 , and abscesses, have distinct imaging features, which can enable the informed radiologist to identify the diagnosis and recommend appropriate clinical workup and management. (  )RSNA, 2016.

title: Beyond XXXX : Expanding the Differential Diagnosis in Prostate Pathologic Conditions.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonadenocarcinoma diseases']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate sarcomas', 'Prostatic infections', 'prostatic carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Benign neoplasms', 'tumors', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic disorders']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cysts']

entities_list: @entity15037 :: ('MESH:D018318', 'Disease') :: ['plexiform neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid or ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the causes and rate of failure in removing @entity730 in @entity66 using 11-gauge stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 1365 @entity66 were included in this study. The breast biopsy database was reviewed retrospectively. The biopsies were divided into two groups based on whether the specimen X-ray showed @entity460 within the cores. Breast composition, lesion size, @entity730 distribution, density on mammography, and the number of specimens were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: In 11 (0.8%) biopsies, no @entity460 in the specimen radiography could be identified. Re-biopsy was performed in five cases. The initial biopsy result was unchanged at the second biopsy in three cases containing @entity460 , while in the other two cases, a benign biopsy result was upgraded to @entity1373 and @entity513 in situ, respectively. In six cases, the biopsy was not repeated despite the absence of @entity460 in the specimen X-ray. In three of these cases, @entity730 were reported histopathologically and deemed to be too small to be identified on specimen X-ray. In two of six @entity1 , sufficient information was found in the cores without microcalcification to indicate the need for surgery. One @entity1 refused re-biopsy. A statistically significant higher failure rate was observed in low-density @entity730 compared with intermediate or high-density @entity730 on mammography. CONCLUSION: The failure to retrieve microcalcification is uncommon when an 11-gauge vacuum-assisted breast biopsy is used. Low-density @entity730 have a higher rate of failure. In cases in which no @entity460 is observed in specimen radiography, repeated biopsy is recommended.

title: Causes of failure in removing XXXX in @entity66 using 11-gauge stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microcalcification-only lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications', 'calcification']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity6894 (CL) is an inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid which plays an important role in mitochondrial function. Perturbation in CL biosynthesis alters mitochondrial bioenergetics causing a severe @entity74 commonly known as @entity34390 . @entity34390 @entity1 are known to have a reduced concentration and altered composition of CL. @entity6894 is also known to have a high affinity for the chemotherapeutic agent @entity632 ( @entity3105 ), resulting in an extensive mitochondrial accumulation of the drug. Our results indicate that B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals are more sensitive to @entity3105 -induced oxidative stress and cellular @entity137 compared to the B-lymphocytes from @entity34390 as indicated by greater cell death and greater level of cleaved caspase-3 following @entity3105 treatment. Barth lymphocytes, when compared to healthy lymphocytes, showed a greater basal level of mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species (mito-ROS), yet exhibited a lower level of induced mito-ROS production in response to @entity3105 . Significantly less @entity855 content and slightly greater OXPHOS protein levels were detected in healthy cells compared to Barth cells after @entity3105 treatment. Consistent with greater mitochondrial ROS, treatment with @entity3105 induced a higher level of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in healthy lymphocytes compared to Barth lymphocytes. The final remodeling of CL during CL synthesis is catalyzed by the tafazzin protein. Knockdown of tafazzin gene in H9c2 cardiomyocytes using siRNA showed decreased oxidant-induced damage, as observed in Barth lymphocytes. Our findings demonstrate that a @entity942 might provide a therapeutic advantage in favor of oxidant-induced anticancer activities.

title: Deficiency in @entity6894 Reduces @entity632 -Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in XXXX B-Lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity34390 :: ('MESH:D056889', 'Disease') :: ['Barth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency in CL']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['Cardiolipin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: This article revisits the links between psychopathology and functional @entity344 such as @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ), discusses the rational use of antidepressants as well as non-pharmacological approaches to the management of @entity1744 , and suggests guidelines for the treatment of @entity1744 based on an interdisciplinary perspective from the present state of knowledge. Relevant published literature on @entity146 , especially @entity2531 , in the context of @entity1744 , and literature providing direction for management is reviewed, and new directions are provided from findings in the literature. @entity1744 is a @entity751 with various potential mechanisms responsible for its clinical presentations. @entity1744 is typically complicated with @entity146 issues, unexplained symptoms, and functional syndromes in other organ systems. Most @entity1744 @entity1 have multiple complaints without demonstrated cause, and that these symptoms can involve systems other than the intestine, e.g. bones and joints ( @entity239 , @entity1348 ), heart (non-cardiac @entity662 ), vascular (post- @entity7793 ), and brain ( @entity148 , @entity308 ). Most @entity1744 @entity1 do not have @entity146 per se, but a range of psychoform ( @entity458 in the absence of @entity146 disorder) symptoms that accompany their somatoform (physical symptoms in the @entity2048 ) complaints. It is not correct to label @entity1744 @entity1 as @entity146 @entity1 (except those more difficult @entity1 with true @entity2531 ). One mode of treatment is unlikely to be universally effective or to resolve most symptoms. The techniques of psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy can allow @entity1744 @entity1 to cope more readily with their illness. Specific episodes of @entity308 can be managed as appropriate for those conditions. Medications designed to improve @entity148 or @entity308 are not uniformly useful for @entity146 complaints in @entity1744 , because the psychoform symptoms that sound similar to those seen in @entity146 may not have the same significance in @entity1 with @entity1744 .

title: Relationship of functional XXXX and @entity146 : implications for treatment.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive or anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['menopausal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological complaints']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization disorder']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence of medical disorder']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular joint syndrome']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Measuring aerobic fitness (V  O2max) via a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test is an important clinical tool in cystic @entity82 . This study sought to establish: (1) the validity of traditional criteria to verify maximal efforts during a ramp cardiopulmonary exercise test; and (2) whether @entity4962 measured during an exhaustive cardiopulmonary exercise test represents a valid V  O2max in paediatric @entity1 , using a subsequent exhaustive supramaximal (Smax) exercise test. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (7-18 years; 10 males) completed an exhaustive ramp test to determine V  O2max. Following 15-min recovery, Smax (110% ramp peak power output) was performed. RESULTS: Ramp test V  O2peak was significantly higher than @entity4962 documented at traditional endpoint criteria, including a RER of 1.00 (0.99  0.47 L @entity1009 ) vs. 1.83  0.78 L @entity1009 ), p<0.001) and 1.10 (1.36  0.59 L @entity1009 ) vs. 1.83  0.78 L @entity1009 ), p<0.001), despite 100% of @entity1 satisfying these two criteria. Only 23% and 75% of @entity1 satisfied the 95% age-predicted heart rate (HR) maximum and 180 b @entity1009 ) criteria. Whilst mean ramp and Smax V  O2peak were not significantly different (1.83  0.78 L @entity1009 ) vs. 1.82  0.67 L @entity1009 ); p=0.88), at the individual level Smax elicited a 'meaningful' (>9%) increase in V  O2peak (range 9.9-38.3%) compared with V  O2peak from the ramp test in 3 of 14 cases (21.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Traditional criteria significantly underestimate V  O2max in young cystic @entity82 @entity1 . Conversely, Smax can confirm when 'true' V  O2max is achieved. The use of Smax following cardiopulmonary exercise test represents an appropriate method to measure V  O2max in young cystic @entity82 @entity1 .

title: A protocol to determine valid V  O2max in young cystic XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: The differential diagnosis between @entity788 and @entity788 is sometimes difficult, especially for those @entity1 in whom laboratory and radiological criteria are lacking. CASE REPORT: A 72-year-old @entity1 was found to have a @entity5 in the head of the pancreas. Laboratory data showed no abnormal values, including gammaglobulins or autoantibodies. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed extrinsic stenosis of the main pancreatic and lower common bile ducts. Computed tomography showed a lesion in the head of the pancreas. With a tentative diagnosis of head of the @entity788 , the @entity1 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Macroscopically, a @entity5 2 cm in diameter not having clear margins was evident in the head of the pancreas. Histological examination showed the infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils with lymphoid follicles around the main pancreatic duct. Immunohistological examination demonstrated that the main pancreatic duct was surrounded by abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity788 on the basis of the immunohistological findings alone, without any well-defined criteria such as high serum level of IgG4 and presence of autoantibodies before or after surgery.

title: XXXX diagnosed on the basis of immunohistology alone. A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune pancreatitis']


abstract: One hundred and twenty-nine Chinese @entity1 with @entity2150 , were studied. In ten it was induced by drugs, one followed @entity99 and the remainder were of unkown cause. Mortality within the first six months was 47.3 per cent. Features associated with poor prognosis included a short duration of symptoms of three months or less, @entity1398 of less than 0.5 x 10(9)/l and severe @entity882 . On the other hand, some preservation of erythroid activity of the bone marrow was associated with long survival. Remission occurred in 47 @entity1 and this was associated with @entity342 therapy in 33. Remission was complete in 18 and partial in 29. In the latter group, persistent @entity882 was the main abnormality and treatment with @entity37192 led to an increase in platelets although the effect was not sustained after its withdrawal. Hepatotoxicity was seen in 16.0 per cent of @entity1 treated with @entity3800 and this occurred even with non-17alpha-alkylated compounds. It is concluded that @entity342 therapy was useful and should be started as early as possible after diagnosis. Hepatic intolerance to @entity3800 may be an indication for bone marrow transplantation.

title: XXXX : a study of prognosis and the effect of @entity342 therapy.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity37192 :: ('MESH:C073055', 'Chemical') :: ['calusterone']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['Aplastic anaemia']


abstract: @entity17577 is a major cause of @entity1939 world-wide. Ocular involvement is frequently seen following @entity281 . Many of these infections are quiescent but pose a life-time risk of reactivation. However, the physiopathology of @entity17577 reactivation is largely unexplored. We previously developed a Swiss-Webster outbred @entity19 model for @entity3251 by neonatal injection of @entity3204 cysts. We also used a @entity19 model of direct intraocular infection to show a deleterious local T helper 17 type response upon @entity281 . In the present study, our two models were combined to study intravitreal re-challenge of neonatally infected @entity19 , as an approximate model of reactivation, in comparison with a primary @entity5517 . Using BioPlex proteomic assays in aqueous humour and reverse transcription-PCR for T helper cell transcription factors, we observed diminished T helper 17 type reaction in reinfection, compared with @entity281 . In contrast, T helper 2 and T regulatory responses were enhanced. Interestingly, this was also true for T helper 1 markers such as IFN-y, which was paralleled by better parasite control. Secretion of @entity22385 , a central cytokine for shifting the immune response from T helper 17 to T helper 1, was also greatly enhanced. We observed a similar protective immune reaction pattern in the eye upon reinfection with the virulent RH strain, with the notable exception of IFN-y. In summary, our results show that the balance is shifted from T helper 17 to a less pathogenic but more effective anti-parasite Treg/T helper 1/T helper 2 pattern in a reactivation setting.

title: The local immune response to intraocular XXXX re-challenge: less pathology and better parasite control through Treg/Th1/Th2 induction.

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity17577 :: ('MESH:D014126', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular toxoplasmosis', 'ocular toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['congenital infection', 'primary infection']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although it is commonly accepted that the immune response is affected by @entity3147 there are very few data about its effect in @entity56 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of @entity3147 in @entity55 . METHODS: An anaphylactic reaction was induced in @entity35 lungs and the increased vascular permeability was measured in the @entity825 , internal and external bronchi and parenchyma by the Evans blue extravasation method. These studies were conducted in two dietary groups: one fed a normoproteic diet (18%) and the other a hypoproteic diet (4.5%). When the animals were 60 days old the group fed the hypoproteic diet presented a reduction of 77.86% in bodyweight, 63.3% in food intake and 36% in plasma protein concentration characterizing a severe @entity7493 . RESULTS: The anaphylactic reaction in the lungs induced a significant increase in vascular permeability in the @entity825 and bronchi of both dietary groups. However, the intensity of this effect was significantly lower in the malnourished group. Analysis of immunoglobulin isotypes in the serum by ELISA showed that whereas IgG1 and @entity17993 levels were similar in both groups, the levels of IgE were significantly lower in the malnourished animals. Moreover, the levels of antigen-specific IgG1, @entity17993 and IgE were all significantly inhibited by the @entity7493 . When antibodies were passively transfered to the malnourished @entity35 , they developed a reaction as intense as the normoproteic group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the capacity to release inflammatory mediators and the vascular response to these mediators is not affected by this type of @entity3147 and, therefore, the diminished response of the airways reported here is probably due to the lower levels of anaphylactic antibodies produced by the malnourished @entity35 .

title: XXXX and experimental lung allergy.

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-calorie malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['allergic lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Malnutrition']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the long-term overall survival of male @entity1 with @entity0 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1974 and 1988, 31 @entity2675 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled on study MB-82 in the National @entity5 Institute. Following mastectomy, @entity1 were treated with 12 cycles of @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 (CMF) chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median @entity1 age was 61 years (38-74 years). Twenty-one @entity1 (68%) had 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes while ten @entity1 (32%) had four or more positive nodes. @entity172 receptor status was positive in 22 (71%), negative in 1 (3%), and unknown in 8 (26%) @entity5 . @entity1420 receptor status was positive in 18 (58%), negative in 3 (10%), and unknown in 10 (32%) @entity5 . Median potential follow-up for all @entity1 is 22.5 years with a median survival of 16.3 years. Twenty-one of 31 @entity1 have died; one from a treatment-related complication, nine @entity1 from recurrent @entity0 , five from other @entity5 , one from non- @entity5 related causes, and five from unknown causes. Ten @entity1 remain alive at a median of 19.2 years. The overall survival probability at 10 years is 64.5% (95% CI: 46.9-78.9%), at 15 years is 51.6% (95% CI: 34.8-68%), and at 20 years is 42.4% (95% CI: 25.8-60.8%). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, 20-year prospective data with adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity2675 has never been reported. Adjuvant chemotherapy may benefit @entity2675 @entity1 with positive nodes.

title: A prospective study of adjuvant CMF in males with node positive XXXX : 20-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage II node positive breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1961 + @entity3783 + regulatory T cells (Treg) exert suppressive functions on effector T cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact cellular events that mediate this inhibitory action remain largely unclear. To elucidate these events, we used intravital microscopy in a model of @entity56 ( @entity56 ) and visualized the leukocyte-endothelium interaction at the site of antigen challenge in awake C57BL/6 @entity19 . Injection of Treg i.v. into sensitized @entity19 at the time of local hapten challenge significantly inhibited rolling and adhesion of endogenous leukocytes to the endothelium. A similar inhibition of leukocyte recruitment could be recorded after injection of Treg-derived tissue culture supernatant. Thus, these data indicate that soluble factors may account for the suppressive effects. Accordingly we found that @entity1618 , but not @entity641 , was produced by Treg upon stimulation and that addition of anti- @entity1618 antibodies abrogated the suppressive effects of Treg and tissue culture supernatant in @entity56 reactions. Moreover, @entity1961 + @entity3783 + T cells isolated from @entity1618 -/- @entity19 were not able to suppress the immune response induced by hapten treatment in C57BL/6 @entity19 . In conclusion, our data suggest that cytokine-dependent rather than cell-cell contact-dependent mechanisms play a pivotal role in the suppression of @entity56 reactions by Treg in vivo.

title: XXXX + @entity3783 + regulatory T cells suppress @entity56 reactions by blocking influx of effector T cells into inflamed tissue.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['CHS', 'contact hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on safety of intravenous sedation in pediatric GI endoscopy are sparse. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety of intravenous sedation for GI endoscopy. DESIGN/SETTING: Single-center prospective series of outpatient GI endoscopies performed from February 2003 to February 2004 at The @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia. The recorded information included demographic, medication, and adverse event data. @entity1 : A total of 1226 @entity1 were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Description of adverse events relating to intravenous sedation. RESULTS: A total of 2635 endoscopies were performed, of which 1717 were outpatient procedures with the @entity1 under intravenous sedation. Sedation data were available on 1578 procedures (92%, M/F 674/552): 758 esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) alone, 116 colonoscopies (COL) alone, and 352 combined EGD and COL. The median dose of @entity3575 was 2.77 microg/kg (SD 0.97, range 0-6.73), and of @entity1363 was 0.11 mg/kg (SD 0.06, range 0-0.39). The mean recovery time was 118 minutes (SD 47.3, range 31-375). Ten @entity1 (0.8%) failed intravenous sedation. Serious adverse events ( @entity386 ) were noted in 2 @entity1 (0.2%). Mild or moderate adverse events included desaturation below 92% for less than 20 seconds (100 @entity1 , 9%), @entity391 (64 @entity1 , 5%), @entity2146 (15 @entity1 , 1%), desaturation below 92% for greater than 20 seconds (12 @entity1 , 0.7%), and @entity1910 (8 @entity1 , 0.7%). No cardiopulmonary resuscitation or sedation reversal was necessary. No @entity1 required hospitalization. @entity1 younger than 6 years were more likely to develop respiratory adverse event (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous sedation with @entity1363 and @entity3575 is safe for pediatric GI endoscopy. Serious adverse events are rare and no @entity1 required hospitalization.

title: Safety of intravenous XXXX and @entity3575 for pediatric GI endoscopy: prospective study of 1578 endoscopies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: @entity1956 virus X antigen plays an important role in the development of @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The key regulators controlling the temporal downstream gene expression for @entity157 progression remains unknown. In this study, we took advantage of systems biology approach and analyzed the microarray data of the HBx transgenic @entity19 as a screening process to identify the differentially expressed genes and applied the software Pathway Studio to identify potential pathways and regulators involved in @entity157 . Using subnetwork enrichment analysis, we identified five common regulator genes: @entity2232 , @entity12017 , @entity13062 , @entity11320 and @entity7242 . Upregulation of the common regulators was validated in the other independent HBx transgenic @entity19 lines. Furthermore, we verified the correlation of their RNA expression levels by using the @entity1 @entity157 samples, and their protein levels by using the @entity1 @entity409 tissue arrays. @entity2232 , @entity13062 and @entity12017 were upregulated in @entity82 , @entity13062 , @entity12017 and @entity7242 were further upregulated in hepatocellular or @entity201 samples. The trend of increasing expression of the common regulators correlates well with the progression of @entity1 @entity96 . Overexpression of the common regulators increases the cell viability, promotes @entity4222 and invasiveness and enhances the colony formation ability in Hep3B cells. Our approach allows us to identify the critical genes in hepatocarcinogenesis in an HBx-induced @entity19 model. The validation of the gene expressions in the @entity96 of @entity1 @entity1 and their cellular function assays suggests that the identified common regulators may serve as useful molecular targets for the early-stage diagnosis or therapy for @entity157 .

title: Identification of the common regulators for XXXX induced by @entity1956 virus X antigen in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity13062 :: ('652', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4', 'BMP4']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While exophthalmus is quantifiable with readily available measurement tools, there is no such tool for hypoglobus/hyperglobus. Despite its possible life-threatening causes only few articles address the etiologies of @entity572 in the current literature. The aim of our study was to describe etiologies of hypoglobus and to analyze the ratio of @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 3000 portrait photographs taken in our ophthalmology department between 2005 and 2009 were retrospectively screened for @entity1 with @entity572 . Pictures were assessed by three independent ophthalmology-trained observers and matched to the diagnosis based on @entity1 records. RESULTS: 95 @entity1 with supposed @entity572 were identified. @entity572 was due to an @entity2694 in 45 @entity1 including 6 @entity1 with a @entity5 . Additional 10 @entity1 had @entity1374 . 11 @entity1 turned out to have mere facial asymmetry, 26 @entity1 had strabism and four @entity1 had an ocular prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The etiologies of hypoglobus ranges from orbital fractures to life-threatening @entity5 . Distinction between apparent and true hypoglobus can be challenging.

title: [Hypoglobus--illusive or real? Etiologies of XXXX in a tertiary referral centre].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial or orbital disease']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['vertical globe displacement', 'Vertical globe displacement']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid associated orbitopathy']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['vertical globe displacement']


abstract: Current @entity1082 ) DNA testing using pooled probes, although sensitive, lacks specificity in predicting the risk of high-grade cervical @entity5436 ( @entity8046 2/3) progression. To evaluate selected HPV genotyping, viral load, and viral integration status as potential predictive markers for @entity8046 progression, we performed HPV genotyping in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded cervical tissue with @entity2622 (29 cases) and CINs ( @entity8046 1, 27 cases; @entity8046 2, 28 cases; @entity8046 3, 33 cases). General HPVs were screened using consensus primers @entity35555 +/ @entity10388 + and PGMY09/11. HPV genotyping and viral load measurement were performed using quantitative real-time PCR for eight oncogenic HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58). @entity1799 viral integration status was evaluated by measuring @entity1799 E2/E6 ratio. We observed that HPV DNA positivity increased in parallel with the severity of @entity189 , with 59% positivity in @entity8046 1, 68% in @entity8046 2, 76% in @entity8046 3, and 97% in @entity189 (P trend=0.004). The eight oncogenic HPV types were significantly associated with @entity8046 2/3 (81%) and @entity189 (93%) (odds ratio (OR), 15.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.67-39.76; P<0.0001) compared with the unknown HPV types (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 0.89-9.22; P=0.08). @entity1799 was the predominant oncogenic HPV type in @entity8046 2/3 (51%) and @entity189 (71%) and integrated significantly more frequently in @entity189 than in @entity8046 2/3 (P=0.004). No significant differences in viral load were observed across the disease categories. Our findings suggest that selected genotyping for the eight oncogenic HPV types might be useful in separating @entity1 with a higher risk of @entity8046 progression from those with a minimal risk. We also conclude that the @entity1799 integration status has potential to be a marker for risk assessment of @entity8046 progression.

title: Distribution and viral load of eight oncogenic types of @entity1082 ) and @entity1799 integration status in cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['CINs and carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma']


abstract: Numerous reports address the risk of infection with surgery about the elbow. However, there is little information regarding treatment of @entity281 . We reviewed the records of 37 consecutive @entity1 with biceps repairs between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2005, to identify cases of @entity86 . Three @entity1 were identified and their records examined to identify the responsible organisms and any forms of treatment. Two @entity1 presented acutely less than 4 weeks after surgery with frank purulence draining from the incision area. The third @entity1 presented 4 months after tendon repair. In both @entity1 with @entity281 resolved without removal of any stitches or hardware. In the @entity1 with @entity281 , the anchoring material was removed because it was no longer holding the biceps tendon to the radial tuberosity. These data suggest @entity697 can be treated with antibiotics and d  bridement without taking down the tendon repair. However, as with any chronic @entity85 , all foreign material may need removal before a second repair. Our data demonstrate deep infection is not an uncommon @entity532 that initially can be treated without taking down the construct.

title: XXXX repairs: three case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complication of distal biceps tendon repairs']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection, the infection', 'infected distal biceps repairs', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Infected distal biceps tendon']


abstract: One hundred and 26 faecal samples from healthy @entity235 (2009) and 157 faecal samples from healthy @entity1 (2007) from La Rioja region (Spain) were tested to know the carriage of @entity2176 -resistant enterococci (VRE). VRE with intrinsic resistance (vanC) were found in 12% of healthy @entity235 and @entity1 (29 @entity797 gallinarum and four @entity797 casseliflavus). Nevertheless, VRE with acquired mechanism of resistance were not detected among these samples. Four @entity797 isolates with @entity2176 MIC of 8-16 mg L(-1) were recovered in @entity1 samples, but no single organism with known mechanism of acquired resistance could be identified. These 37 VRE isolates (33 E. gallinarum/E. casseliflavus and four @entity797 ) of @entity235 and @entity1 origin were further characterized (PCR detection of antibiotic resistance, virulence and bacteriocin genes). High prevalence of @entity803 resistance was identified (70%), especially among @entity235 isolates harbouring tet(M)    tet(L) genes; @entity2929 resistance was also higher among isolates from @entity235 and they harboured the erm(B) gene, associated with erm(A) gene in one case. Virulence genes were only identified among @entity797 isolates of @entity1 origin (agg, cpd and/or gelE) and never among E. gallinarum/E. casseliflavus of @entity1 or @entity235 origin. Five E. gallinarum isolates of @entity235 and three @entity797 of @entity1 origin expressed bacteriocin activity; among them, only one @entity797 presented activity against @entity5125 . The bacteriocin structural gene ef1097 was identified in 3 @entity5618 -producing @entity797 isolates, associated with ent1071 in one of them.

title: Study of @entity2176 resistance in faecal enterococci from healthy @entity1 and XXXX in Spain a decade after the avoparcin ban in Europe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis', 'Enterococcus']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors influencing the reoperation rate due to @entity174 after internal fixation of @entity2249 with special reference to a new validated method assessing the preoperative posterior tilt on lateral radiographs. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Level II @entity130 center. @entity1 : A consecutive cohort of 382 hips in 379 @entity1 who underwent internal fixation for a @entity196 or II @entity2249 . INTERVENTION: The posterior tilt in preoperative radiographs was analyzed with a new validated method. A Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with reoperation due to @entity174 . Age, gender, cognitive function, ASA classification, time to surgery, and the posterior tilt were tested as independent factors in the model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reoperation rate due to @entity174 with a minimal follow-up of 5 years. Reoperation data were validated against the National Board of Health and Welfare's national registry using unique Swedish personal identification numbers. RESULTS: The overall reoperation rate was 19% (72 of 382 hips) and the reoperation rate due to @entity174 was 12% (45 of 382 hips). The posterior tilt had no influence on the risk for reoperation due to @entity174 healing complication, nor had the age, gender, cognitive function, ASA classification, or the time to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative posterior tilt measurement on lateral radiographs cannot be used as a discriminator for @entity174 in @entity2249 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Internal fixation of XXXX : posterior tilt did not influence the reoperation rate in 382 consecutive hips followed for a minimum of 5 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Garden I and II femoral neck fractures', 'femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fracture healing complications']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['garden I and II femoral neck fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The exposure of @entity1 umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells devoid of hematopoietic stem cells (HUCB-MNCsCD34-) to defined culture condition promotes their conversion into neural lineage. We have asked the question if observed fate change of HUCB-MNCsCD34- results from direct conversion of hematopoietic precursors into neural-like phenotypes due to expression of overlapping genetic program or, alternatively, these neural phenotypes arise from sequential differentiation of more primitive progenitors (embryonic-like cells) preexisting in HUCB-MNCsCD34- fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HUCB-MNCs negatively selected for @entity2280 antigens were cultured in vitro up to 14 days. Changes in stem/neural cell genes and proteins were successively evaluated during this period and after evoked neuronal differentiation of cells in the presence of RA or @entity2136 or cocultured with neonatal @entity35 brain astrocytes. RESULTS: Freshly isolated HUCB-MNCsCD34- expressed pluripotent cell markers: @entity4729 , @entity4731 , and @entity21547 genes. During 24 hours of culture the frequency of @entity4729 immunopositive cells increased markedly with parallel enlargement of "side population" and CD133+ cell appearance. Concomitantly, cultured cells start to form aggregates and express pro-neural genes, i.e., enhanced @entity4731 , @entity26441 , Nestin, @entity538 , and NF-200. During the next days of culture immunoreactions for beta-tubulin III, @entity14383 , @entity538 , @entity4483 , Doublecortin, and @entity15225 were induced with reciprocal lowering of stem cell gene and protein markers. At this stage cells successively adhered to the bottom, dispersed, and decreased proliferation rate (Ki67 expression). Additional treatments with neuromorphogenes or coculturing with @entity35 brain primary culture induced further differentiation of these neural precursors toward more advanced neuronal phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: HUCB-MNCs( @entity2280 -) fraction contains embryonic-like stem/progenitor cells which increase rapidly but transiently in culture, then differentiate spontaneously after cell aggregate adhesion toward neural lineage. Neurally promoted cells from 10-14 DIV culture acquire three main neural-like phenotypes, i.e., neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In this respect they are promising candidates for experimental treatment of @entity528 ; however, the final proof for conversion of HUCB cells to neural cells can be obtained through transplantation experiments.

title: Early appearance of stem/progenitor cells with neural-like characteristics in XXXX cord blood mononuclear fraction cultured in vitro.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1151 in the early postoperative period is rare. We present 2 cases of massive @entity887 that occurred soon after gastric bypass surgery. The first @entity1 was a 32-year-old @entity1 , a smoker with a body mass index (BMI) of 52 kg/m2, obstructive @entity27 and @entity4096 in the lower extremities. Fatal @entity1167 occurred 22 hours after surgery. Autopsy confirmed @entity1151 . The second @entity1 was a 48-year-old @entity1 with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 who had undergone abdominal hysterectomy 2 months earlier. She survived @entity1167 occurring 11 hours after surgery. There were no sequelae. The diagnosis of @entity1151 was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography. These @entity1 undoubtedly had asymptomatic @entity1150 before the operations. Prevention of @entity1151 is essential in high risk @entity1 . The prophylactic measures usually applied are administration of low molecular weight heparin to prevent @entity715 , early ambulation, and the use of elastic compression stockings or intermittent pneumatic compression.

title: [Two cases of early postoperative XXXX after gastric bypass surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['massive pulmonary thromboembolism', 'Pulmonary thromboembolism', 'pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['massive pulmonary thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether outpatient exposure to @entity460 -channel blockers (CCBs) at the time of delivery is associated with an increased risk for postpartum @entity548 (PPH). DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: United States of America. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Medicaid beneficiaries. METHODS: We identified a cohort of 9750 @entity1 with outpatient prescriptions for CCBs, @entity12833 , or @entity6555 for pre-existing or gestational @entity101 whose days of supply overlapped with delivery; 1226 were exposed to CCBs. The risk of PPH was compared in those exposed to CCBs to those exposed to @entity12833 or @entity6555 . Propensity score matching and stratification were used to address potential confounding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence of PPH during the delivery hospitalisation. RESULTS: There were 27 @entity1 exposed to CCBs (2.2%) and 232 @entity1 exposed to @entity12833 or @entity6555 (2.7%) who experienced PPH. After accounting for confounders, there was no meaningful association between CCB exposure and PPH in the propensity score matched (odds ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.50-1.18) or stratified (odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.53-1.19) analyses. Similar results were obtained across multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The outpatient use of CCBs in late pregnancy for the treatment of @entity101 does not increase the risk of PPH.

title: Outpatient XXXX -channel blockers and the risk of postpartum @entity548 : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity4941 ( @entity4941 ), also known as de @entity8426 or @entity158 subacute @entity1374 , is the commonest thyroid condition responsible for neck tenderness. Other causes of @entity158 in the thyroid gland should be taken into consideration during differential diagnosis, especially when a @entity1 presents with misleading or equivocal signs and symptoms. We report the case of a 39 year-old @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity4941 whose clinical, biochemical and radiological presentation varied significantly from the common @entity4941 manifestation. A tentative diagnosis of @entity4941 was made based on the presented symptoms, ultrasonography and fine-needle biopsy results. However, biochemical analysis suggested neither inflammatory process nor the presence of @entity2743 . Moreover, @entity1136 scan of the thyroid revealed normal uptake of the isotope and there was neither clinical nor ultasonographic response for corticosteroids. The @entity1 's symptoms, despite being prescribed typical treatment, gradually deteriorated and the @entity158 became increasingly debilitating. Eventually, the @entity1 underwent total thyroidectomy. As a result, she has become free of symptoms, but the macroscopic picture of thyroid gland, noted during the operation, gave a suspicion of @entity5 . Nevertheless, histological study of flow samples confirmed the tentative diagnosis of de @entity8426 , despite all previous findings that were not suggestive of it. This report confirms the likelihood that @entity4941 can present atypically. Additionally, it indicates that surgical treatment may be considered in @entity1 with severe, debilitating, persistent @entity158 connected with @entity4941 clinical course.

title: What might cause @entity158 in the thyroid gland? Report of a @entity1 with subacute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

entities_list: @entity4941 :: ('MESH:D013968', 'Disease') :: ['SAT', 'Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic process']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ["Quervain's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroiditis of atypical presentation']


abstract: Infiltrations with synthetic substances are effective strategies for repairing @entity2652 . However, few data are available on long-term safety. We describe the safety of @entity2975 hydrogel in 145 @entity1 who received facial infiltrations with Aquamid from September 2002 to April 2004. Epidemiological, clinical (mainly complications), and @entity458 ( @entity1 satisfaction) were collected. We also recorded all @entity1 who presented with a @entity281 at any time after receiving an infiltration. Sixty-two percent of @entity1 presented with severe @entity2652 before infiltration. The cumulative volume of Aquamid injected was 5.5 ml (4-18) per @entity1 . During a mean (SD) of 50.2 (4.3) months after infiltration, only one @entity1 presented with a @entity281 . Small palpable, nonvisible nodules or indurations were the most frequent complications (19.3% and 6.2%, respectively). If we include the remaining @entity1 from our center (n = 294) who also received Aquamid (although less than 4 years ago), a further three @entity1 presented with a @entity281 (incidence of 0.9%). Most @entity1 (88.9%) were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with the results; @entity1 with mild to moderate baseline @entity2652 were more satisfied than those with severe @entity3388 ("very satisfied": 92.7% versus 86.5%, respectively). Only 17.4% reported mild @entity73 and only 9.2% required new infiltrations; however, 76% would have preferred more infiltrations. The high @entity1 satisfaction and the low number of severe complications after at least 4 years of facial infiltrations with Aquamid reflect the long-term safety of this product for the repair of @entity2652 . However, prolonged follow-up of these @entity1 is recommended to detect unexpected long-term adverse reactions.

title: Four-year safety with @entity2975 hydrogel to correct antiretroviral-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological data']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3388 :: ('MESH:C535905', 'Disease') :: ['lipoatrophy']

answer: @entity2652 :: (MESH:D005148,Disease) :: ['facial lipoatrophy']


abstract: The myasthenics in Finland (n = 240) have been registered and treated in one center for more than 10 years. Of this material, an investigation was performed of their medico-social state as of 1 January, 1975. The study comprised 88 per cent (210) of the @entity1 . In the working age (16-64 years) were 181 @entity1 . Compared to the total Finnish population, the @entity8491 @entity1 lived more often in urban districts, had had more intermediate-school and university--but less vocational-school education, and belong as a whole to "higher" social classes. The severity and the variability of the disease naturally influenced the disability. A change from severe to slight symptoms occurred in 38 per cent, and 12 per cent of the myasthenics were in complete remission (2/3 of whom had had severe symptoms). One third (72) got a full pension because of @entity1737 , and about one tenth (25) because of some other reason. Of these who got a full pension for @entity1737 , 7 per cent were in complete remission without any @entity1109 . The influence of thymectomy on the degree of disability was impressive, since more than 50 per cent of disabled @entity8491 @entity1 returned to work thereafter. Thus, because of the unpredictable, but on the long term quite favourable course, a full pension should not be prescribed early (during the first 5 years) of the disease. An active treatment may also change the outlook for even the most severely disabled @entity1 .

title: Social aspects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity328 remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the world. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in developing countries will be facilitated by a clearer understanding of the disease burden for bacterial causes of @entity55 and @entity693 and the prevalent serotypes of @entity2260 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective, hospital-based surveillance for a 2-year period involving @entity1 aged 2-59 months at 3 urban hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria, using standard microbiological methods with confirmation and further testing of isolates at the Medical Research Council Laboratories in The Gambia. RESULTS: There were 1210 cases overall: 481 (39.8%) were @entity693 , 399 (33.0%) were @entity55 , and 330 (27.2%) were @entity2259 clinical syndromes. There were 24 cases of definite @entity693 , of which 9 were caused by @entity2260 , 11 by @entity327 type b, and 4 by @entity4005 species. Of the 90 culture-positive @entity55 cases, 9 were caused by @entity2260 , 2 by @entity327 type b, and 79 by other species. Among cases of @entity2259 , the pathogen isolation rate was 28.8% (95 of 330); the isolated species included @entity2260 (3 isolates), @entity794 (20 isolates), @entity4005 species (13 isolates), Salmonella species (15 isolates), and @entity526 (6 isolates). Of the 23 @entity2260 isolates, 11 were serotyped; the serotypes found were 5 (5 isolates), 19F (3 isolates), and 4 (3 isolates), and 1 isolate was nontypeable. These isolates were all susceptible to @entity114 . Eight of 9 @entity1 with @entity2506 died, whereas all @entity1 with @entity2258 and @entity295 survived. CONCLUSIONS: Of the pneumococcal serotypes identified, 55% were covered by the licensed 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, whereas all are covered by the 10- and 13-valent vaccines.

title: Invasive pneumococcal disease in XXXX aged <5 years admitted to 3 urban hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['definite pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Ascites is the most common complication of @entity82 and is associated with 50% mortality at 2 years if @entity1 do not receive orthotopic liver transplantation. Recently the International Ascites Club defined @entity843 into three groups: In grade I @entity843 fluid is detected only by ultrasound; in grade II, @entity843 is moderate with symmetrical distention of the abdomen; and in Grade 3 @entity843 is large or tense with marked @entity1661 . About 10% of @entity1 with @entity843 are refractory to treatment with diuretics. In refractory @entity843 , @entity1 do not respond to highest doses of diuretics ( @entity1482 400 mg/day and @entity1483 160 mg/ day) or develop side effects ( @entity4144 , @entity2753 , @entity99 , or @entity177 ) that prohibit their use. @entity1 may be treated either by repeated large volume paracentesis plus albumin or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS). Dilutional @entity2753 in cirrhotic @entity1 is defined as serum @entity1372 < or = 130 mEq/L in the presence of an expanded extracellular fluid volume, as indicated by the presence of @entity843 and/or @entity4 . This complication of cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity843 has recently gained attention given that several reports indicate that when serum @entity1372 concentration is combined with the @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) it improves the prognostic accuracy of @entity3851 score in @entity1 awaiting orthotopic liver transplant (OLT). The first step in the management of dilutional @entity2753 is fluid restriction and discontinuation of diuretics. Water restriction at 1,000 mL/day helps prevent the progressive decrease in serum @entity1372 concentration but usually does not correct @entity2753 in most cases. Actually are developing drugs that are active orally and act by selectively antagonizing the specific receptors (V2 receptor) of @entity5463 . These agents act in the distal collecting ducts of the kidneys, by increasing solute free water excretion and, thus, improving serum @entity1372 concentration in hyponatremic @entity1 .

title: [Refractory XXXX and dilutional @entity2753 : current management and new aquaretics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'Model for End-Stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) is characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal mature B cells. The G protein Galphas subunit has been linked to proapoptotic processes in @entity5 cell lines. The TT genotype of the @entity2163 @entity41987 polymorphism is associated with increased Galphas transcript levels and a more favorable clinical course in different solid @entity5 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We retrospectively genotyped 144 @entity1 with @entity1072 to examine a potential association between @entity41987 genotypes with progression-free survival (time from diagnosis to initiation of chemotherapy) and overall survival. RESULTS: The C-allele frequency in the @entity1 group was 0.57 and not significantly different from that of healthy blood donors. Median progression-free survival was significantly different between genotypes (TT 130 months; TC 100 months; CC 31 months; P = 0.0066). Multivariable analysis showed that besides of @entity6755 (P = 0.005) and Binet stage (P < 0.001), the @entity41987 polymorphism was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) CC versus TT 2.7; P = 0.010]. In Binet A stages, @entity6755 -positive @entity1 with CC genotypes had a HR of 4.4 to receive first therapy compared with @entity6755 -negative @entity1 with T-alleles (P = 0.0001). Regarding overall survival, CC genotypes (median overall survival, 197 months) were at highest risk for @entity204 compared with T-alleles (median overall survival, 310 months) in both univariate (HR, 4.8; P < 0.0001) and multivariable analysis (HR, 5.6; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Here, we show that the @entity2163 @entity41987 status is a novel independent prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity1072 . These results could help to define @entity1 who could benefit from an early individualized therapy.

title: The @entity2163 XXXX polymorphism is associated with disease progression and survival in @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-CLL']

answer: @entity41987 :: (c|SUB|T|393|C,DNAMutation) :: ['T393C']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Inflammation can be a process significant to the development of @entity161 and @entity209 that are frequently found in @entity1 suffering from @entity161 . The aim of this study was to determine the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity2002 concentration and to establish their possible association with @entity15 and its components in @entity161 @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 subjects who were divided into two groups. The study group consisted of @entity161 @entity1 from the University Clinical Hospital Mostar (n=100), while the control group consisted of healthy subjects who came for systematic medical examinations at the infirmary of the Health Center Mostar (n=100). The diagnosis of @entity15 was made according to NCEP-ATP III criteria, and on that basis subjects from both groups were divided into two subgroups, one with and one without @entity15 . Inflammatory indicators that were determinated were erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity2002 concentration. RESULTS: Statistically, @entity15 was significantly more frequent in @entity161 subjects (46.0%) compared to the control group (29.0%) (p=0.013). @entity161 subjects with @entity15 had statistically higher sedimentation rate and @entity2002 concentration compared to the @entity161 subjects without @entity15 , as well as compared to the control subgroup without @entity15 . The most significant correlations discovered were for the relation of sedimentation rate with systolic (r=0.41) and diastolic (r=0.34) blood pressures. CONCLUSION: Routine monitoring of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity2002 concentration might have an important role in forecasting @entity15 development and consequent adverse cardiovascular events which are the leading cause of mortality in @entity161 @entity1 .

title: Association of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and XXXX concentration with @entity209 in @entity161 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity38422 is an active component in @entity9052 that has attracted much attention because of its evident therapeutic effects on the cardiovascular system. However, little basic information is available on the mechanisms and pharmacological effects of @entity38422 . The potential mechanisms and protective effects of Re on @entity5568 -induced oxidative injury in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated in this study. An oxidative injury model was established using @entity5568 . The anti-oxidative effects of Re were determined using a series of experiments, such as @entity98 and anti-oxidative indicator assays. The potential protective mechanisms of Re were explored at the proteomic level, and differentially expressed proteins were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results indicated that Re could be a potential anti-oxidant to protect HUVECs against oxidative stress damage. Proteomic analysis showed that the expression of 23 protein spots was upregulated in Re and @entity5568 groups to resist oxidative stress, 15 of which were identified by their mass spectrum. These upregulated proteins were involved in stress response, anti-oxidative systems, protein synthesis, regulation of transcription and post-translational modifications, and repair of mitochondrial functions. This study may provide new insights into the mechanisms of @entity38422 in protecting the cardiovascular system.

title: Proteomic analysis of XXXX attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity38422 :: ('MESH:C049864', 'Chemical') :: ['Ginsenoside Re', 'ginsenoside Re']

answer: @entity38422 :: (MESH:C049864,Chemical) :: ['ginsenoside Re']


abstract: We have studied the effect of @entity1499 in @entity19 acute @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) disease at concentrations analogous to those used in @entity1 @entity309 . The @entity2132 reaction was induced by i.v. injection of parental spleen cells into a normal F1 recipient. The acute suppression of T cell function in @entity2132 @entity19 was prevented by @entity1499 given orally for 10 days at 1.0 or 0.5 mg/kg but not at 0.25 mg/kg. T cell mitogen response and @entity2047 secretion that were inhibited in @entity2132 @entity19 were restored by @entity1499 . Protection from immunosuppression in drug-treated @entity2132 @entity19 lasted at least 3 wk after drug dosing was stopped. The mechanism of the protective effect appears to be a preferential inhibition of donor and host @entity3414 + Ts cell proliferation. In mixing experiments we found that @entity1499 inhibited Ts function in @entity2132 @entity19 . By dual fluorescence labeling we showed that the engraftment of donor @entity3414 + cells was prevented by drug treatment. This was not true of donor L3T4+ cells which were clearly present in the spleens of @entity2132 @entity19 after @entity1499 treatment. These donor L3T4 cells were functional in that they induced the production of anti-DNA autoantibodies in the @entity1499 -treated @entity2132 @entity19 .

title: Immunomodulation by low-dose @entity1499 . I. @entity1499 selectively inhibits @entity3414 + cells in XXXX acute graft-versus-host reactions.

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvH', 'graft vs host']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gerstmann-Str  ussler-Scheinker syndrome belongs to the genetic prion diseases being associated with mutations in the @entity3669 gene ( @entity3669 ). The most common is the point mutation at codon 102, leading to the substitution of @entity1521 to @entity368 ( @entity31967 ). Previous reports have indicated a phenotypic heterogeneity among individuals with this mutation. Here, we describe the clinical and pathological phenotype in members of the first Finnish kindred with the @entity31967 mutation in the PNRP gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genetic and clinical information was available in five members of a family, while a systematic histologic and immunohistochemical assessment of the post-mortem brain was carried out in three. RESULTS: Clinical presentation, disease duration and the clinical phenotype ( @entity2055 vs @entity303 ) varied between @entity1 . There was a significant correlation between clinical symptoms and the neuroanatomical distribution of @entity3669 -immunoreactive aggregates, i.e. subtentorial predominance in @entity2055 vs cortical predominance in @entity303 . A significant concomitant Alzheimer is disease-related pathology was observed in the brain of one @entity1 with @entity303 as onset symptom. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first Scandinavian family carrying the @entity31967 mutation in the @entity3669 gene. Gerstmann-Str  ussler-Scheinker syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis when handling with @entity1 with @entity2055 and/or @entity303 of unclear aetiology.

title: Divergent clinical and neuropathological phenotype in a Gerstmann-Str  ussler-Scheinker XXXX family.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity31967 :: (p|SUB|P|102|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['P102L']