abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 represent a major challenge for health care and social services. A number of @entity1 with @entity102 require more services due to characteristics that increase their vulnerability. Given the burden of increasingly vulnerable @entity1 on primary care, a pragmatic intervention in four Family Medicine Groups (primary care practices in Quebec, Canada) has been proposed for individuals with @entity102 ( @entity6 , @entity65 , @entity1576 , @entity85 and/or @entity1118 ) who are frequent users of hospital services. The intervention combines case management by a nurse with group support meetings encouraging self-management based on the Stanford @entity102 Self-Management Program. The goals of this study are to: (1) analyze the implementation of the intervention in the participating practices in order to determine how the various contexts have influenced the implementation and the observed effects; (2) evaluate the proximal (self-efficacy, self-management, health habits, activation and @entity458 ) and intermediate (empowerment, quality of life and health care use) effects of the intervention on @entity1 ; (3) conduct an economic analysis of the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the intervention. METHODS/DESIGN: The analysis of the implementation will be conducted using realistic evaluation and participatory approaches within four categories of stakeholders (Family Medicine Group and health centre management, Family Medicine Group practitioners, @entity1 and their families, health centre or community partners). The data will be obtained through individual and group interviews, project documentation reviews and by documenting the intervention. Evaluation of the effects on @entity1 will be based on a pragmatic randomized before-after experimental design with a delayed intervention control group (six months). Economic analysis will include cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis. DISCUSSION: The integration of a case management intervention delivered by nurses and self-management group support into primary care practices has the potential to positively impact @entity1 empowerment and quality of life and hopefully reduce the burden on health care. Decision-makers, managers and health care professionals will be aware of the factors to consider in promoting the implementation of this intervention into other primary care practices in the region and elsewhere. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01719991.

title: Case management and self-management support for frequent users with XXXX in primary care: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic diseases', 'Chronic Disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are reported to regulate mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism during hibernation. Recently, it has been reported that @entity5912 and @entity30168 might reduce free radical stress in the @entity63 in in vitro models, suggesting both as potential neuroprotective agents. We therefore investigated the levels of @entity5912 and @entity30168 expression in the lesion of @entity1 @entity4798 . Brain slice sections were prepared from pathological samples collected at our hospital. @entity64 brains sectioned because of the @entity64 (n = 5) and multiple @entity4798 with several @entity64 episodes (n = 4) were selected for this study. We observed the amount of @entity5912 and @entity30168 expression in both lesioned and intact areas, and compared them between @entity64 and multiple @entity1188 cases. The results showed that the expression of @entity5912 and @entity30168 was significantly elevated in the @entity2806 compared to the intact area. @entity30168 expression in the lesions was higher in multiple @entity1188 cases than in @entity64 cases. In conclusion, brains may respond to neuroprotection through the increased expression of @entity5912 and @entity30168 under @entity63 conditions. Moreover, @entity30168 may respond to repetitive @entity63 stresses or have a long-term effect.

title: Amplified expression of uncoupling proteins in XXXX brain ischemic lesions.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic stroke', 'embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic condition', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the present Chinese body mass index (BMI) criteria with body fat percentage (BF%) in determining @entity28 in Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 4 907 subjects (age: 20-90 yrs) were enrolled in the baseline survey of a longitudinal epidemiological study, and 2 638 of them were reevaluated in 5.5 years later. The Chinese BMI and WHO BF% were used to define @entity28 , respectively. RESULTS: The diagnostic agreement between the Chinese BMI and WHO BF% definitions for @entity28 was poor for both @entity1 (kappa: 0.210, 95% CI: 0.179-0.241) and @entity1 (kappa: 0.327, 95% CI: 0.296-0.358). However, BMI had a good correlation with BF% both in @entity1 (r: 0.785, P<0.01) and @entity1 (r: 0.864, P<0.01). The age and sex-adjusted relative risks (RR) for incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) were significantly higher in subjects with intermediate BF% (BF%:20.1%-25% for @entity1 , 30.1%-35% for @entity1 ) (RR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.23-4.48) and high BF%(BF%>25% for @entity1 and > 35% for @entity1 )(RR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.43-5.81), or in subjects with high BMI (BMI>or=28 kg/m(2)) (RR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.31-4.63) when compared to those with low BF% (BF%<or=20% for @entity1 and<or=30% for @entity1 ) or low BMI (BMI24 kg/m(2)) respectively. No difference in risk could be found in those with intermediate BMI (BMI: 24-27.9 kg/m(2)) (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.86-2.40), as compared to those with low BMI (BMI<24 kg/m(2)), whose BF% ranged widely from 7.8 to 50.3%. CONCLUSION: BMI was correlated with BF%. Both BMI and BF% were associated with high risk for T2DM. However, BMI had its limitations in the interpretation of subjects with BMI between 24 and 27.9 kg/m(2).

title: Comparison of body mass index with body fat percentage in the evaluation of XXXX in Chinese.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Fc receptors for @entity13446 mediate several defence mechanisms in the course of inflammatory and infectious diseases. In Gram-negative infections, cellular wall lipopolysaccharides (LPS) modulate different immune responses. We have recently demonstrated that @entity19 LPS in vivo treatment significantly increases FcgammaR-dependent clearance of @entity7110 ( @entity7110 ). In addition, we and others have reported the induction of adhesion molecules on macrophages and neutrophils by LPS in vivo and by @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity637 ) in vitro. The aim of this paper was to investigate @entity3804 / @entity29956 participation in LPS enhancing effects on Fcgamma-dependent functionality of tissue macrophages. Our results have demonstrated that LPS can enhance @entity137 ( @entity137 ) and @entity7110 -triggered @entity137 ( @entity7110 -Ctx), two reactions which involve the Fcgamma-receptor but different lytic mechanisms. In vitro incubation of splenocytes from LPS-treated mice with anti- @entity3804 / @entity29956 abrogated @entity137 and @entity7110 -Ctx enhancement, without affecting FcgammaR expression. Similar results were obtained with physiological concentrations of fibrinogen. In this way cytotoxic values of LPS-splenocytes decreased to the basal levels of control @entity19 . Time and temperature requirements for such inhibition strongly suggested that anti- @entity3804 / @entity29956 could modulate intracellular signals leading to downregulation of FcgammaR functionality. Data presented herein support the hypothesis that functional and/or physical associations between integrins and FcgammaR could be critical for the modulation of effector functions during an inflammatory response.

title: Lipopolysaccharide enhances FcgammaR-dependent functions in vivo through XXXX / @entity29956 up-regulation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7110 :: ('MESH:D007105', 'Disease') :: ['immune complexes', 'IC']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity13446 :: ('16059(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin G (IgG) (FcgammaR)']

answer: @entity3804 :: (16409(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD11b']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychologic distress contributes to symptom severity in @entity1 with several @entity85 . While numerous shoulder outcome instruments are used it is unclear whether and to what degree psychologic distress contributes to the scores. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked (1) to what degree shoulder outcome instruments reflect @entity1 ' psychologic distress, and (2) whether @entity1 who are strongly affected by psychologic distress can be identified. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 119 @entity1 with chronic @entity158 caused by @entity179 using the Constant-Murley scale, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. To evaluate psychologic distress, we measured @entity308 using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and @entity158 @entity148 using the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS). Demographic and clinical parameters, such as @entity158 scores, ROM, and abduction strength, also were measured. We then assessed the relative contributions made by psychologic distress and other clinical parameters to the quantitative ratings of the three shoulder outcome instruments. RESULTS: Quantitative ratings of shoulder outcome instruments correlated differently with psychologic distress. Constant-Murley scores did not correlate with psychologic measures, whereas SST scores correlated with PASS (r = 0.32) and DASH scores correlated with PASS and CES-D (r = 0.36 and r = 0.32). Psychologic distress contributed to worsening SST and DASH scores but not to Constant-Murley scores. DASH scores were more strongly influenced by @entity158 @entity148 and @entity308 than the other two outcome instruments. CONCLUSIONS: Shoulder outcome measures reflected different psychologic aspects of illness behavior, and the contributions made by psychologic distress to different shoulder outcome instruments apparently differed. Physicians should select and interpret the findings of shoulder outcome instruments properly by considering their psychologic implications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prognostic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: To what degree do shoulder outcome instruments reflect XXXX ' psychologic distress?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative or inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'shoulder pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that @entity1778 virus (FLV) induces a profound immunosuppression in susceptible @entity19 . The studies described in this report indicate that @entity19 infected with FLV have an increased susceptibility to subsequent @entity281 with the opportunistic pathogen @entity5132 , as measured by increased numbers of @entity5132 CFU in the kidneys of FLV-infected @entity19 relative to uninfected controls. Experiments in which the NB-tropic and N-tropic strains of FLV were used suggest that virus replication or the resulting virus burden may be important in the observed increased susceptibility to @entity5132 . Since neutrophils are believed to be important in the response of @entity19 to @entity6923 , the effect of @entity778 on neutrophil candidacidal activity was investigated. The percentage of neutrophils present in unfractionated Proteose Peptone-elicited peritoneal exudates of @entity19 infected with FLV for 14 days was significantly lower than in uninfected control @entity19 or @entity19 infected with FLV for 6 or 10 days. When neutrophils from FLV-infected and control @entity19 were purified, adjusted to equal concentrations, and tested for in vitro candidacidal activity, neutrophils from @entity19 infected with FLV for 14 days were deficient in their ability to kill @entity5132 relative to normal controls and @entity19 infected with FLV for 6 or 10 days. Addition of normal mouse serum increased killing in all groups but did not restore candidacidal activity of neutrophils from @entity19 infected with FLV for 14 days to levels of control neutrophils or neutrophils from @entity19 infected for 6 or 10 days with the virus. These results suggest a defect in neutrophil function, at the later stages of @entity778 , involving in vitro candidacidal activity. In addition, neutrophils from FLV-infected @entity19 may be deficient in in vivo chemotactic activity. These defects in neutrophil function could account, at least in part, for the observed increased susceptibility of FLV-infected @entity19 to @entity5132 .

title: Effect of XXXX on susceptibility to @entity5132 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['FLV infection']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['systemic Candida infections']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Friend leukemia']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['Friend leukemia virus infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sedentary lifestyle and high-fat, high- @entity165 diets are each associated with elevated risk for @entity301 ( @entity301 ); however, the mechanisms by which they increase risk are unclear. Specific PKC isoforms have been implicated in the development of @entity301 , regulation of coronary vasoreactivity, as well as exercise-induced cardioprotection. Thus, diet and physical inactivity may increase @entity301 risk by altering coronary protein kinase C (PKC) isoform profiles. PURPOSE: To determine whether coronary PKC isoform profiles are altered in a model of early @entity301 and whether exercise can prevent these changes. METHODS: Male and female Yucatan miniature @entity1707 were either fed a normal (NF) or high-fat (HF) diet (8 vs 46% kilocalories from fat) and remained sedentary (Sed) or were treadmill-trained (Ex) at 75% of; VO2max (6 mph, 60 min) for 16 wk. Groups were as follows: NFSed (N=8/N=7), NFEx (N=8/N=7), HFSed (N=8/N=7), and HFEx (N=8/N=7). Western blotting was performed on right coronary conduit artery (CCA) segments (>1 mm I.D.) to measure total protein levels of PKC-alpha, -betaI, -betaII, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta. RESULTS: HF diet increased total @entity165 by more than sixfold with no increase in @entity1674 . @entity1007 increased @entity7131 and -epsilon protein levels in CCA of both male and female @entity1707 ; Ex had no effect on this response. Ex-induced increases in @entity7131 , @entity25581 , and @entity25582 were observed in HF male @entity1707 . Female @entity1707 had higher baseline amounts of PKC-alpha (25%), @entity7131 (33%), @entity7131 (39%), and @entity7131 (29%), whereas male @entity1707 had higher amounts of @entity25581 (308%). Further analyses revealed a direct relationship between @entity3800 and @entity25581 levels. CONCLUSION: @entity1007 and exercise exert disparate effects on coronary PKC expression. Observed sex differences in PKC protein profiles may also contribute to altered cardiovascular risk patterns in males versus females.

title: Exercise and XXXX produce disparate shifts in coronary PKC expression.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC-betaI', 'PKC-epsilon', 'PKC-betaII']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: Recurrent @entity697 is a common problem. Despite this, there still remain many controversies regarding aetiology and correct management. The tonsillar microflora of 33 @entity1 with recurrent @entity697 studied in 1980 and 58 @entity1 studied in 1989 is presented. A comparison of the microbiology in the two periods studied a decade apart suggests that the pathogenic profile is changing. @entity327 increased from 39 to 62% in the deep tonsillar tissue in the decade. There was a concomitant increase in incidence of @entity794 from 6 to 40% of cases. In the same interval, mixed microflora increased from 18 to 52%. Anaerobic organisms were isolated in insignificant numbers. Unique to this study, 44% of @entity327 isolates in 1989 were beta lactamase producers, increasing from only 2% in 1980. All of the @entity794 were beta lactamase producers. In the majority, the throat swabs grew only organisms commensal to the upper respiratory tract however, the deep tonsillar tissue excised at tonsillectomy carried significant growths of pathogenic organisms confirming the inadequacy of the superficial tonsillar swab as an indicator of treatment.

title: Changes in tonsillar bacteriology of recurrent XXXX : 1980 vs. 1989.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute tonsillitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 4-year-old @entity1 was referred to the nephrologist with daytime @entity322 and suspicion of an @entity2182 . At the age of 17  months he had been referred to the pediatric endocrinologist because of @entity2011 and @entity4683 in order to exclude @entity2010 . Repeated @entity1949 tests and a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain were normal. @entity2010 was excluded, and primary @entity4683 was thought to be most likely since @entity6 also had been excluded. At the current presentation, he drank up to 3  L a day and quite often had wet diapers. He also seemed to pass stools infrequently and with difficulty. Curiously his grandmother had similar symptoms of @entity2011 and @entity4683 since childhood and had been diagnosed with primary @entity4683 . The physical examination of our pediatric @entity1 was normal. In the differential diagnosis we included @entity2010 but also contemplated other possibilities, such as @entity12000 , @entity8 and @entity5200 . Laboratory results including urinalysis and an ultrasound of the kidney did not show any abnormalities, making a @entity8 or @entity5200 unlikely. A desmopressin test by the intravenous route came back completely normal, pointing to another cause than @entity2010 . Genetic testing for the @entity12000 came back negative but was positive for a missense mutation in the @entity17367 gene ( @entity36145 ) associated with partial @entity3040 . He was started on daily desmopressin. Within 3  days the @entity322 resolved as did the @entity2011 and @entity322 . His grandmother was referred to the geneticist and eventually the adult nephrologist. This case highlights the importance of being thorough when confronted with a difficult diagnosis. It also emphasizes that a test result does not necessarily equate to the presence or absence of a condition since the test with 100  % sensitivity and specificity has yet to be discovered.

title: A 4-year-old XXXX presenting with persistent @entity322 : Questions.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['water deprivation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubulopathies', 'tubulopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity36145 :: ('p|SUB|R|104|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg104Cys']

entities_list: @entity12000 :: ('MESH:C537699', 'Disease') :: ['nephronophthisis']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes insipidus', 'diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boy']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Surgical risk is deemed to be higher in the aged population because there are often comorbidities that may affect the postoperative result. This consideration is important for the treatment decision-making for @entity356 in the elderly. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing mortality, morbidity, survival and quality of life after curative surgery for @entity356 in @entity1 aged 75 years and older, and to plan their appropriate management. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: From January 1993 to December 2004, 135 @entity1 underwent surgery at our department because of @entity356 . Ninety-four of these @entity1 (69.6%) underwent potentially curative gastrectomy. A cross-sectional study of 23 @entity1 aged 75 years and older and 71 younger @entity1 who underwent curative gastrectomy was carried out: @entity1 characteristics, @entity5 characteristics, management, morbidity, mortality, survival, and quality of life were evaluated. RESULTS: Elderly @entity1 had significantly more comorbidities and a poorer nutritional status than younger @entity1 . The surgical procedures were similar in both groups and the overall morbidity rate was 27.9% and the overall mortality rate 8.5%. Medical mortality was significantly higher in elderly @entity1 , and the presence of comorbidities was the only independent factor affecting mortality. The 5-year survival rate was 56.2% in the older group versus 62.1% in the younger group and @entity5 stage was the only prognostic factor influencing survival. Quality of life after surgery was similar in both groups. The significantly better postoperative functional outcome after subtotal gastrectomy suggested a better compliance of elderly @entity1 with subtotal than total gastrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: In the elderly, surgical strategies must be modulated on the basis of comorbidities, @entity5 stage and future quality of life. Since elderly @entity1 have no worse prognosis than younger @entity1 , age is not a contraindication to curative resection for @entity356 . Subtotal gastrectomy should be the procedure of choice mainly in elderly @entity1 as it offers better quality of life.

title: Curative surgery for XXXX in the elderly: treatment decisions, surgical morbidity, mortality, prognosis and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutical effect of adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity6667 )165 gene transplantation in treatment of @entity75 . METHODS: Recombinant vector of adenovirus-mediated @entity1655 gene (Ad- @entity6667 ) was constructed by bacterial homologous recombination technology. Sixty 7-day-old @entity35 were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: @entity75 ( @entity75 ) group undergoing ligation of the left common carotid artery and inhalation of 8% @entity26 for 2 hours, Ad- @entity6667 group undergoing injection of Ad- @entity6667 into the left sensorimotor cortex with the help of stereo-positioner 3 days after @entity519 - @entity63 (HI), and sham operation group. Seven days after transplantation, 5 @entity35 from each group were killed with their left brains taken out. The @entity6667 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the neuron apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated @entity14322 triphosphate @entity3406 end labeling (TUNEL). Since the age of 28 days T-maze foraging test was conducted. At the age of 34 days, sensorimotor tests were performed. After the behavioral tests all the @entity35 were killed. The number of neurons in the @entity1249 region of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was detected by Nissl's staining. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that the density levels of @entity6667 positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the Ad- @entity6667 group were (68.09 +/- 3.37) and (68.37 +/- 3.17) respectively, both significantly higher than those of the @entity75 group [(24.65 +/- 3.14) and (25.14 +/- 1.86) respectively, both P < 0.05]. TUNEL showed that the number of apoptotic neurons of the Ad- @entity6667 group was (151.4 +/- 21.7), significantly lower than that of the @entity75 group [(264.4 +/- 16.3), P < 0.05]. Behavioral tests showed the percentages of accuracy on day 4 of the Ad- @entity6667 and sham operation groups were both significantly higher than that of the @entity75 group (both P < 0.01). Nissl's staining showed that the numbers of neurons per unit area in the hippocampal @entity1249 area and cortex of the Ad- @entity6667 group were (70.6 +/- 2.3) and (95.1 +/- 2.8) respectively, both significantly higher than those of the HI group [(55.3 +/- 2.1) and (70.1 +/- 2.7) respectively, both P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Adenovirus vector-mediated @entity6667 gene therapy increases the @entity6667 protein expression, decreases neuron apoptosis, improves the long-term behavioral function after @entity75 , and reduces @entity2806 , thus possessing neuroprotective effects.

title: [Adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor165 gene therapy in treatment of @entity75 : experiment with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage', 'HIBD', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14322 :: ('MESH:D003857', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: To understand student nurse- @entity1 interaction better and to assess the effectiveness of a teaching and learning resource consisting of tapes and transcriptions of actual nurse- @entity1 interaction. DESIGN: Applied conversation analysis and analysis of semi-structured lecture evaluation forms. BACKGROUND: Little research discusses @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) of student-nurses, even though policy initiatives and literature internationally promote @entity1 -centred communication as being an indicator of high-quality healthcare. Literature also suggests that nursing education is often far removed from the realities which students experience during clinical practice. METHODS: Phase 1 of the study saw 10 student nurse- @entity1 interactions audio recorded and transcribed and the data subjected to conversation analysis. Phase 2 saw tapes and transcripts of similar interactions used as a teaching resource with the same cohort of students (n = 48), student evaluations of the lecture were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. RESULTS: Phase 1 demonstrated that, in variance to 'best-practice' recommendations, student nurse- @entity1 interactions were task-centred and bureaucratically organized. In phase 2, after listening to and reading a transcript of similar interaction, students were able to identify the limitations of undertaking such an approach with @entity1 , strongly suggesting that classroom-based knowledge is not always easily transferred into clinical practice. This teaching approach was positively evaluated, with written evaluations emphasizing the effectiveness of bringing the realities of clinical practice into the classroom. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that students have difficulty in transferring the principles of 'good' communication from the classroom into their own interactions with @entity1 . Students' written and spoken evaluations were reminiscent of the previous work performed in discussing the concept of a 'hidden curriculum' in professional training. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The use of empirical data in the practice of @entity1957 teaching is recommended as a means of closing the theory-practice gap. Student nurses and mentors need to consider the effect of the hidden curriculum on their @entity1957 .

title: Putting practice into teaching: an exploratory study of nursing undergraduates' XXXX and the effects of using empirical data as a teaching and learning resource.

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['IPS', 'interpersonal skills']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['interpersonal skills']


abstract: 1. @entity4645 (COX-2) is expressed at sites of @entity32 and is believed to be the major source of @entity32 -associated prostaglandin synthesis. Selective inhibition of COX-2 has been suggested to produce anti-inflammatory effects with reduced @entity137 in the gastrointestinal tract. We examined the extent to which suppression of COX-2 led to inhibition of various components of @entity32 in the carrageenan-airpouch model in the @entity35 . 2. @entity3352 (> or =0.3 mg kg(-1)), @entity9695 (> or =3 mg kg(-1)) and the selective COX-2 inhibitor, @entity25592 (> or =0.3 mg kg(-1)), significantly suppressed the production of @entity1421 at the site of @entity32 . At higher doses, @entity3352 (> or =1 mg kg(-1)) and @entity9695 (30 mg kg(-1)), but not @entity25592 (up to 10 mg kg(-1)), significantly inhibited @entity9774 activity (as measured by whole blood @entity2871 synthesis). 3. All three test drugs significantly reduced the volume of exudate in the airpouch, but only at doses greater than those required for substantial (>90%) suppression of COX-2 activity. Similarly, reduction of leukocyte infiltration was only observed with the doses of @entity3352 and @entity9695 that caused significant suppression of @entity9774 activity. 4. @entity25592 did not significantly affect leukocyte infiltration into the airpouch at any dose tested (up to 10 mg kg(-1)). A second selective COX-2 inhibitor, @entity28695 , was also found to suppress exudate PGE2 levels without significant effects on leukocyte infiltration. 5. These results indicate that selective inhibition of COX-2 results in profound suppression of @entity1421 synthesis in the carrageenan-airpouch, but does not affect leukocyte infiltration. Exudate volume was only reduced with the highly selective COX-2 inhibitor when a dose far above that necessary for suppression of COX-2 activity was used. Inhibition of leukocyte infiltration was observed with @entity3352 and @entity9695 , but only at doses that inhibited both @entity9774 and COX-2.

title: Limited anti-inflammatory efficacy of XXXX inhibition in carrageenan-airpouch @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['nimesulide']

answer: @entity4645 :: (29527(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cyclo-oxygenase-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To investigate the improvement of @entity1834 and @entity931 after wedge-shaped resection of uterus. The clinical data of 15 @entity1 who experienced wedge-shaped resection of uterus for @entity1870 were retrospectively analyzed from September 2012 to October 2013. We use the amount of the completed soaked napkins to measure the menstrual blood volume, and the visual analog scale to evaluate the degree of @entity1834 . We used the 2 index to evaluate the improvement of @entity1834 and @entity931 after operation. All operations were successful, no serious complication occurred. Before the operation, all 15 @entity1 used more than 25 pieces of completed soaked napkins, after the operation, 13 @entity1 had significantly decreased menstrual flow, the average amount of completed soaked napkins was 3.6. Meanwhile, 2 @entity1 had no menstrual after surgery. Before the operation, among the 10 @entity1 with severe @entity1834 , 9 @entity1 had significant relief on @entity158 , they only experienced @entity158 after surgery, only 1 @entity1 still experienced moderate @entity158 . Two @entity1 with @entity158 had no @entity158 after operation. Among the 3 @entity1 with moderate @entity158 , 2 @entity1 experienced @entity158 and 1 @entity1 felt no @entity158 after operation. The wedge-shaped resection of uterus is a safe and effective procedure to significantly reduce @entity931 and alleviate the extent of @entity1834 , which is a promising alternative for @entity1 who suffered from @entity1834 and @entity931 for @entity1870 .

title: Fifteen cases clinical analysis of wedge-shaped resection of uterus treating XXXX -CONSORT.

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'slight pain']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity1870 :: (MESH:D062788,Disease) :: ['adenomyosis']


abstract: Twelve cases of @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ) were studied for clinical and MRI findings of the cerebral hemispheric involvement. The subjects consisted of @entity196 (OPCA) type and seven @entity10878 ( @entity10878 ) type. The age at onset was 56.7 +/- 8.0 ( @entity13309 ) years, duration of illness at the first MRI study 3.2 +/- 1.1 years, duration of illness at the last study 8.1 +/- 2.2 years, and the following up duration 4.9 +/- 2.0 years. The grasping phenomenon was observed in 70% of the cases examined, snout reflex in 80%, slowness of verbal response in 88%, and decrease of spontaneous speech in 100%. Three cases finally fell into the state of mutism. Three out of ten cases were categorized as @entity303 by HDS-R (Hasegawa @entity303 Scale-Revised) test. Besides the progression of the pontocerebellar @entity194 and putaminal changes, MRI study revealed @entity75 in most cases. At six years after the onset, @entity10878 type showed significantly higher incidence of @entity75 and dilatatation of the Sylvian fissure than OPCA type. @entity2554 was common feature, and @entity1315 were observed in several cases. We indicated the possible involvement of the cerebral hemisphere, especially the frontal lobe, and higher nervous function in @entity9576 .

title: [Clinico-MRI study of hemispheric disorder in long-term follow-up cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['progressive frontal lobe atrophy', 'conspicuous frontal lobe atrophy']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['MSA', 'multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['five olivopontocerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the temporal and occipital lobes']

entities_list: @entity10878 :: ('MESH:D020955', 'Disease') :: ['striatonigral degeneration', 'SND']

answer: @entity9576 :: (MESH:D019578,Disease) :: ['multiple system atrophy']


abstract: In a placebo-controlled double blind study 20 @entity1 suffering from @entity951 were treated with @entity35974 . The @entity1 had 5 attacks at least per week and consumed 5 chwable nitrocapsules and more. Criteria of success were consumption of chewable nitrocapsules and frequency of attacks. During a 7 day preobservation period the @entity1 received a placebo identical with Stenoptin and 20 chewable nitrocapsules. The study lasted for 8 weeks. The dose was 1 tablet 3 times per day. The attacks of the active substance group were reduced from 11 to 2 on the average, and the @entity6836 -consumption from 16 to 2 per week. In the placebo group frequency of attack slightly increased from 10 to 11. In the active substance group the dose could be reduced to 1 tablet twice per day. The placebo group was treated with 1 Stenoptin tablet 3 times per day for another 8 weeks. Subsequently 1 tablet twice per day sufficed. Transient, @entity6836 -induced @entity10 occurred only in 3 test @entity1 . Stenoptin did not cause side effects and was very effective in serious types of @entity951 .

title: [Stenoptin in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity35974 :: ('MESH:C023987', 'Chemical') :: ['Stenoptin']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: P276-00 is a novel cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor is in Phase II clinical trials. @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), an antiepileptic agent has been associated with anticancer activity, through the inhibition of histone deacetylase I. Here we investigate the effect of the combination of @entity2052 and P276-00, in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell growth inhibition was studied using the @entity2667 (PI) assay. Cell cycle analysis and recovery were detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of various proteins were detected by western blot. Inhibition of colony formation in H460 was checked in vitro. In vivo efficacy was studied in H460 xenograft model. RESULTS: The combination of P276-00 and @entity2052 showed synergistic effect on @entity876 + and @entity876 - @entity1149 cell lines in antiproliferative assay at both constant and non-constant ratio with marked decrease in colony forming potential. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed a significant time dependent increase in apoptosis with 64% apoptotic population at 96 h compared to @entity2052 (1%) and P276-00 (28%) alone (p < 0.0001). Incubation of the cells after treatment, in fresh medium without drugs, led to the recovery of cells treated with P276-00 alone but not the cells treated with the combination of both the drugs. The combination treatment up-regulated @entity5 suppressor proteins like @entity876 , @entity994 and @entity5438 along with down-regulation of proliferation and survival proteins viz. @entity4910 and @entity588 . This was also associated with the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein @entity589 and significant accumulation of hyperacetylated histones in the combination treatment. Interestingly, @entity2052 in combination with P276-00 was much more effective as an antitumor agent than alone, in the H460 xenograft @entity5 model in @entity915 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the combination of HDAC inhibitor @entity2052 with CDK inhibitor @entity35175 is promising novel molecularly targeted therapeutic approach for @entity1149 treatment.

title: Potentiation of anticancer effect of @entity1092 , an antiepileptic agent with histone deacetylase inhibitory activity, by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P276-00 in human XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['Propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )A/ @entity1245 (BZ) receptor @entity2865 channel consists of several subunits. The diversity of the a subunits results in the various ligand selectivity and functionally different properties of the GABAA/BZ receptor. Although [    C] Ro15-4513 is reported to be a radioligand that has relatively high affinity for a5 subunit-containing GABAA/BZ receptor, it remained to be evaluated fully. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative analyses of [    C]Ro15-4513 in the living @entity1 brain. METHODS: Positron emission tomography examinations were performed in eight healthy male volunteers after intravenous injection of [    C]Ro15-4513. Kinetic analysis of data was performed with the two-compartment and three-compartment models using arterial input function. Linear graphical analysis and the simplified reference tissue model analysis (SRTM) were also performed using pons as a reference region. In a simulation study, the effects of noise to the estimation of binding potentials were evaluated. RESULTS: The accumulation of [    C]Ro15-4513 in the limbic system was relatively higher than in other cortex. The bindings were well described by the three-compartment model in the regions with specific binding. Binding potentials obtained from the graphical method and SRTM correlated well with those obtained from the three-compartment model. In the simulation study, estimated parameters from SRTM were less affected by noise compared with those from the graphical method. CONCLUSION: The reference tissue methods using pons as a reference region can be used for quantitative analysis of [    C]Ro15-4513 binding. SRTM seemed less susceptible to noise than does graphical analysis.

title: Quantitative analyses of [    C]Ro15-4513 binding to subunits of GABAA/ @entity1245 receptor in the living XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['Gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The phase 3 RECORD-1 study demonstrated clinical benefit of @entity2239 over placebo (median progression-free survival: 4.9 mo compared with 1.9 mo, p<0.001) in treatment-resistant @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). However, the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) objective response rate was low. OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential role of @entity5 burden response to @entity2239 in predicting @entity1 survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : RECORD-1 @entity1 with at least two @entity5 assessments (baseline and weeks 2-14) were included (n=246). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the impact of various prognostic factors on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Components of RECIST progression were explored using univariate Cox regression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The baseline @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and progression at weeks 2-14 were prognostic factors of @entity1349 by multivariate analysis. Univariate analysis at weeks 2-14 demonstrated that growth of nontarget lesions and appearance of new lesions were predictive of @entity1349 (p<0.001). This retrospective analysis used data from one arm of one trial; @entity1 in the placebo arm were excluded because of confounding effects when they crossed over to @entity2239 . CONCLUSIONS: This analysis identified baseline @entity5 as a predictive factor of @entity1349 , and the appearance of a new lesion or progression of a nontarget lesion at first assessment after baseline also affects @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity1358 treated with @entity2239 .

title: Survival prediction in XXXX -treated @entity1 with @entity1358 incorporating @entity5 burden response in the RECORD-1 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['SLD', 'tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'sum of longest tumor diameters']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Continuous femoral @entity616 (CFNB) is used in postoperative @entity1337 of hip and knee replacement surgeries with good results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of CFNB, comparing 3 administration schedules of @entity1341 in the arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair of the knee. METHODS: A prospective, controlled study with 90 stable @entity1 , physical status ASA I and II was undertaken. @entity1 were divided in three groups: Group 1 (n = 30): continuous infusion (CI) at a rate of 10 mL.h-1 of 0.125% @entity1341 + @entity1338 1 microg.ml-1 (B+C); Group 2 (n = 30): CI at a rate of 5 mL.h-1 + @entity4901 with 2.5 ml of B+C every 30 minutes; Group 3 (n = 30): @entity4901 with 5 mL.h-1 of B+C every 30 minutes. @entity1 underwent spinal anesthesia. @entity282 at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 hours, using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and consumption of @entity1286 and @entity1341 were recorded. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences regarding the demographic data in both groups. The postoperative VAS between 2 and 48 hours did not show any differences. @entity1286 consumption between 4 and 48 hours was similar in all 3 groups (p = 0.07). The consumption of @entity1341 was significantly lower in the group that used only @entity4901 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous femoral @entity616 is a useful technique to manage @entity282 after ACL repair. A rate of 5 mL.h-1 in CI or @entity4901 boluses assures excellent postoperative @entity1337 .

title: [ @entity1 controlled @entity1337 reduces the consumption of XXXX in femoral @entity616 for the treatment of @entity282 after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The regulation of apoptosis under basal (non-stress) conditions is crucial for normal @entity1 development and also for normal cellular turnover in different tissues throughout life. Deficient regulation of basal apoptosis, or its perturbation, can result in @entity73 states including @entity5 . In contrast to stress-induced apoptosis the regulation of apoptosis under basal conditions is poorly understood. To address this issue we have compared basal- and stress-induced apoptosis in @entity1 epithelial cells of normal and cancerous origins. For this purpose we focussed our study on the opposing pro-apoptotic @entity4675 /anti-apoptotic @entity2451 pathways. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Combinatorial RNAi plus gene knockout were employed to access and map basal regulatory pathways of apoptosis. Follow-on, in-depth analyses included exogenous expression of phosphorylation mutants and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We demonstrate that basal apoptosis is constitutively suppressed by @entity5183 in a range of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines. This effect was not observed in non- @entity5 cells. Silencing @entity5183 by RNAi resulted in @entity4675 -dependent apoptosis of @entity5 cells via up-regulation of the AP-1 factor @entity1178 . Unexpectedly we discovered that @entity4675 and @entity1178 promote basal apoptosis in the absence of "activating phosphorylations" typically induced by stress. Hypo-phosphorylated @entity1178 accumulated to high levels following @entity5183 silencing, auto-regulated its own expression and suppressed expression of @entity20927 , an unusual IkappaB protein and regulator of @entity2451 . Basal apoptosis was mediated by components of the @entity310 response pathway but was mechanistically distinct from @entity310 -induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate that mechanistically distinct pathways operate to regulate apoptosis in @entity1 cells under basal (physiological) versus stress-induced conditions. We also describe a novel apoptotic network which governs the basal survival of @entity5 cells. Such information is crucial for understanding normal cellular turnover during @entity1 development and subsequently throughout life. This information also opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention in @entity1 @entity66 states including @entity5 .

title: @entity5 cell survival involves @entity5183 suppression of a novel @entity4675 / @entity1178 / XXXX apoptotic network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired development and/or disease']

answer: @entity20927 :: (602,Gene) :: ['Bcl-3']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of subtotal colectomy and outcomes after this procedure in the modern era of immunosuppressive agents and primary pelvic pouch surgery. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing subtotal colectomy with ileostomy for @entity31 or @entity30 from July 1, 1990 to June 30, 2003 were identified from a prospective database. Only @entity1 who were operated on while hospitalized for disease exacerbation were included in the analysis. Age at colectomy, preoperative days in the hospital, postoperative length of stay, and complications were recorded. The medical records were then reviewed for duration of disease, preoperative diagnosis, use of @entity230 and immunomodulators, parenteral nutrition, endoscopy findings, @entity2313 level, postoperative diagnosis, and ultimate disposition. RESULTS: One hundred one @entity1 underwent subtotal colectomy for @entity29 during the study period. Seventy-four @entity1 met all the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 35.9 (range, 18-86) years. Median duration of disease was 36 (0-240) months, but 28 @entity1 had @entity1960 for less than 1 year, whereas 10 @entity1 had disease of greater than 10 years duration at the time of colectomy. Median preoperative hospital stay was 7 (range, 0-43) days and median postoperative length of stay was 6.5 (range, 4-37) days. Sixty-six @entity1 underwent surgery for refractory exacerbation, 5 for free perforation, 2 for abscess, and 1 @entity1 for @entity548 . Twenty-seven @entity1 (36.5 percent) had a change in diagnosis after surgery. Complications occurred in 17 @entity1 (23 percent), including 8 cases of central venous catheter-associated @entity715 ; 7 of these occurred in @entity1 who had been hospitalized for more than a week before surgery. In the @entity31 @entity1 , 31 of 52 ultimately underwent ileal pouch-anal @entity254 , but 20 (39 percent) chose either completion proctectomy or no further surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Subtotal colectomy with ileostomy remains a safe and effective treatment for @entity1 requiring urgent surgery for severe @entity29 . Because of the substantial incidence of change in diagnosis and satisfaction in many @entity1 with an ileostomy, subtotal colectomy with ileostomy may be preferable to primary ileal pouch-anal @entity254 , even when a pouch is considered safe.

title: Urgent subtotal colectomy for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's colitis"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: We attempted to induce the regression of liver @entity3 cells in vivo by the administration to @entity35 of @entity1778 virus (FV) (in vivo xenogenization). The virus which was used in this experiment, FV, is highly immunogenic and does not normally cause disease in an adult @entity35 . At first, we induced a FV @entity646 in @entity5 bearing @entity35 in order to deliver the virus to the site of the @entity5 cells. FV @entity646 was induced by injecting 60 mg/kg @entity786 (CY) i.v. after the administration of FV, and by transferring syngeneic bone marrow cells so that FV would be able to infect them and then replicate. In order that the @entity5 cells which were infected with virus should regress, it was necessary to break down their tolerance to FV antigens. As adoptive immunotherapy we therefore, transferred syngeneic spleen cells from @entity35 which had been immunized with FV to @entity5 bearing @entity35 . The result of this experiment was that these @entity5 bearing @entity35 infected with FV which had received either normal syngeneic spleen cells or no spleen cells as controls died from liver @entity3 (8 out of 9 @entity35 (89%) and 15 out of 17 (88%) respectively). On the other hand, only 4 out of the 15 (27%) @entity5 bearing @entity35 which were infected with FV and which received FV-immune spleen cells died from liver @entity3 . These sets of data indicate that the in vivo xenogenization of @entity5 cells are indeed able to induce the regression of @entity3 cells.

title: Immunological regression of XXXX in the liver as a result of "in vivo xenogenization".

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Friend leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['metastatic cancer']


abstract: Nigella sativa (NS) has been suggested to have neuroprotective and anti- @entity410 properties. The aim of current study was to investigate the effects of NS hydro-alcoholic extract on @entity16 after @entity5093 ( @entity17202 ) - induced repeated @entity410 . The @entity35 were divided into five groups: (1) control (saline), (2) @entity17202 (50  mg/kg, i.p.), (3-5) @entity17202 -NS 100, @entity17202 -NS 200 and @entity17202 -NS 400 (100, 200 and 400  mg/kg of NS extract respectively, 30  min prior to each @entity17202 injection on 5 consecutive days). The passive avoidance (PA) test was done and the brains were then removed for histological measurements. The @entity17202 -NS 100, @entity17202 -NS 200 and @entity17202 -NS 400 groups had lower @entity410 scores than @entity17202 group (P  <  0.01 and P  <  0.001). The latency to enter the dark compartment by the animals of @entity17202 group was lower than control in PA test (P  <  0.01). Pre-treatment by 400  mg/kg of the extract increased the latency to enter the dark compartment (P  <  0.05). Meanwhile, different doses of the extract inhibited production of dark neurons in different regions of hippocampus (P  <  0.001). The present study allows us to suggest that the NS possesses a potential ability to prevent @entity131 which is accompanied with improving effects on memory.

title: The effects of Nigella sativa on @entity16 after @entity5093 induced @entity410 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal neural damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neural damage']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1545 induces @entity5219 and @entity2318 formation; its principal cell types are mainly astrocytes and some oligodendrocytes. The origin of the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the @entity2318 remains unclear together with the underlying mechanism of their fate choice. We examined the response of oligodendrocyte transcription factor (Olig)2(+) glial progenitors to @entity131 . Both focal cortical (mechanical or excitotoxic) and systemic ( @entity4176 -induced @entity410 or lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity32 ) injury caused cytoplasmic translocation of @entity14382 ( @entity14382 ) exclusively in affected brain regions as early as 2 h after injury in two-thirds of @entity14382 (+) cells. Many of the proliferating @entity14382 (+) cells reacting to injury co-expressed chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan neuron/glia antigen 2 ( @entity28557 ). Using @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) tracing protocols, proliferating @entity14382 (TL)GFAP(+)BrdU(+) cells were observed from 2 days post-lesion (dpl). Immature oligodendrocytes were also seen from 2 dpl and all of them retained @entity14382 in the nucleus ( @entity28558 ). From 5 dpl @entity14382 (TL) @entity28557 (+)GFAP(+) cells were observed in the wound and some of them were proliferative. From 5 dpl @entity28557 (+)RIP(+) cells were also seen, all of which were @entity14382 ( @entity28558 ) and some of which were also BrdU(+). Our results suggest that, in response to @entity1545 , @entity28557 (+) progenitors may generate a subpopulation of astrocytes in addition to oligodendrocytes and their fate choice was associated with @entity14382 or @entity14382 ( @entity28558 ). However, the @entity28557 (+)GFAP(+) phenotype was only seen within a limited time window (5-8 dpl) when up to 20% of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) cells co-expressed @entity28557 . We also observed @entity14382 (TL)GFAP(+) cells that appeared after injury and before the @entity28557 (+)GFAP(+) phenotype. This suggests that not all astrocytes are derived from an @entity28557 (+) population.

title: Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes can be generated from XXXX + progenitors after @entity131 : intracellular localization of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 is associated with their fate choice.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain injury', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

answer: @entity28557 :: (1464,Gene) :: ['NG2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate modifications occurring in cognitive functions and behavioural aspects in a group of 72 consecutive @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) 15 months after bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). METHODS: 72 consecutive @entity191 @entity1 bilaterally implanted for DBS of the STN were evaluated before and after surgery with a mean follow-up of 15 months. A neuropsychological assessment was performed to evaluate reasoning (Raven Colour Matrices), memory (Bisyllabic Word Repetition Test, Corsi's Block-Tapping Test, Paired-Associate Learning) and frontal executive functions (Trail Making Test Part B, Nelson Modified Card Sorting Test, phonemic and category verbal fluency tasks). Mood and suicidal ideation were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). @entity148 was measured by means of the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory and personality traits were evaluated with the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-III-R @entity74 ( @entity915 -II). Assessment of thought disorders and apathy was based on subitems of the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale. RESULTS: The comparisons between pre- and postoperative neuropsychological test scores showed a significant worsening only in phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks, while fewer errors were found in the Nelson Modified Card Sorting Test. Globally, behavioural assessment evidenced a small improvement in mood, as assessed by the BDI, in @entity23268 ( @entity915 -II). @entity74 worsened while suicidal ideation, @entity148 and apathy showed no postoperative modifications. The analysis of individual outcomes (+/-1 SD criterion) evidenced a relevant postoperative @entity73 in 3 @entity1 out of 65 (4.5%). Moreover, following implantation, 1 @entity1 exhibited @entity716 (1.5%), 2 @entity1 experienced a clinically relevant worsening of @entity308 (3%), 7 @entity1 showed an increase in @entity148 (12%) and 3 @entity1 a worsening in @entity308 and @entity148 (3%). On the contrary, 12 @entity1 (20%) showed a relevant improvement in mood and 14 @entity1 (23%) a relevant reduction of @entity148 after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms that STN DBS is cognitively safe since the only relevant change observed was a mild decrease in verbal fluency tasks. Globally, a small postoperative improvement was found in the BDI, and in two @entity915 -II subscales concerning @entity23268 , even though postoperative behavioural disturbances can occur in individual @entity1 .

title: Chronic deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for @entity191 : effects on cognition, mood, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity23268 :: ('MESH:D003193', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive and paranoid personality traits']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis II Disorders', 'Thought disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety and personality traits']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the usefulness of anti- @entity1066 drugs for the prevention and treatment of low-dose @entity117 -induced peptic @entity1066 . METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in 68 @entity1 receiving daily low-dose @entity117 (81 or 100 mg/day). The endoscopic findings were classified according to the Lanza score, and the scores were compared between groups categorized according to the concomitant use of anti- @entity1066 drugs and the types of drugs used. In another study, 31 hemorrhagic peptic @entity1066 @entity1 who had been receiving low-dose @entity117 were enrolled. The @entity1 were randomly classified into the proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-treated group and the H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA)-treated group. The administration of low-dose @entity117 was continued concomitantly, and endoscopic examinations were performed 8 wk later. RESULTS: The Lanza scores (mean +/- SD) of the @entity3137 were 1.0 +/- 1.9 and 1.9 +/- 2.3 in 8 and 16 @entity1 receiving prevention therapy with a PPI and an H2RA, respectively. Both scores were significantly smaller than the scores in 34 @entity1 who were not receiving prevention therapy (4.7 +/- 1.0) and in 10 @entity1 receiving cytoprotective anti- @entity1066 drugs (4.3 +/- 1.6). In the prospective study, 18 and 13 @entity1 received a PPI and an H2RA, respectively. Endoscopic examinations revealed that the tissue in the region of the @entity3137 had reverted to normal in all @entity1 in the PPI-treated group and in 12 @entity1 (92%) in the H2RA-treated group; no significant differences were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION: H2RA therapy was effective for both the prevention and treatment of low-dose @entity117 -induced peptic @entity1066 , similar to the effects of PPIs, while cytoprotective anti- @entity1066 drugs were ineffective in preventing @entity1066 .

title: Usefulness of anti- @entity1066 drugs for the prevention and treatment of peptic ulcers induced by low doses of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: @entity998 reflects the system's ability to adapt in a changing environment. Disease states and aging, which influence the adaptation of biological systems, modify the complexity of system response to environment changes. The alteration of motor adaptivity seen in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) has never been properly investigated by using the motor response complexity measured with sample entropy. We show here that the differences in the complexity of the @entity2358 can be efficiently used for the discrimination of the @entity191 treatment state (non- @entity910 / @entity910 ). We studied the complexity in the @entity2358 of three groups of subjects, normal, @entity191 , and @entity191 , by using the sample entropy for multiple time-scales. During experiments the subjects were standing with their arms extended in front of them while performing a cognitive task. @entity191 subjects were tested after levodopa administration in their "best" @entity558 . For all subject groups we found that the sample entropy increased almost linearly with the increase of the time-scale. The biggest increase was found in the @entity191 and the least in @entity191 subjects. This shows that system adaptivity, as revealed by the complexity analysis of postural displacement, is lower than normal in @entity191 @entity1 , but is abnormally increased in @entity910 @entity1 . The clear difference between the sample entropy-based measures for the non- @entity910 and @entity910 @entity1 made possible the automatic, efficient recognition of the @entity910 , based on multi-layer perceptrons.

title: Levodopa-induced XXXX detection based on the complexity of @entity2358 .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['ON condition']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['Complexity of the biological system output']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic', 'dyskinetic condition']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['non-dyskinetic PD', "Parkinson's disease", 'dyskinetic PD', 'PD']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['dyskinesias']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity2345 is a common @entity558 caused by chewing arecanut and other irritants in various forms. Its medical treatment is not yet fully standardized, although the optimal doses of its medical treatment is in the form of @entity7496 combined with hyaluronidase. The problem with the prevailing treatment was injections at weekly interval. In this study we compared the efficacy of @entity7496 and hyaluronidase at weekly interval versus @entity2995 and hyaluronidase at 15 days interval. METHODS: @entity1 of OSMF (100) were randomly divided into two groups A and B. Group A @entity1 received combination of @entity7496 (1.5 ml)/hyaluronidase (1500 IU) at weekly interval submucosally in pterygomandibular raphe, half dose on each side for 22 wk. Group B @entity1 received combination of @entity2995 (10 mg/ml)/ hyaluronidase (1500 IU) at 15 days interval for 22 wk. Treatment outcome was evaluated on the basis of improvement in symptom score, sign score and histopathological improvement. Student's 't' test was applied for comparing the results. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in symptom score, sign score and histopathological improvement was seen between the two groups. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: Treatment regimen of group B was more convenient to the @entity1 because less number of visits required and cheap. No side effects were seen. A follow up study is required to see long term effects.

title: Efficacy of @entity7496 /hyaluronidase vs @entity2995 /hyaluronidase in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant condition']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity2345 :: ('MESH:D009914', 'Disease') :: ['Oral submucous fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7496 :: ('MESH:C021650', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone acetate']

answer: @entity2345 :: (MESH:D009914,Disease) :: ['oral submucous fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric adaptive relaxation (GAR) is a major factor of @entity2210 ( @entity2210 ). @entity842 (NO) could be the key molecule responsible for GAR. We previously reported that the physiological gastric reservoir ability can be evaluated by measuring the cross-sectional area of the proximal stomach by abdominal ultrasonography (US). @entity29961 (ES), a gastro-protective antiulcer agent, has been shown to improve symptoms in @entity2210 @entity1 . We examined the effects of ES on GAR in @entity1 and on NO synthesis in vitro. METHODS: GAR was measured by US in 14 subjects, 8 of whom had a pressure sensor inserted into their stomach, after treatment with ES, placebo, or no drugs. NO was measured in SH-SY 5Y cells using a fluorescent indicator. @entity29962 ( @entity2821 , eNOS and @entity3623 , respectively) expressions were examined in SH-SY 5Y cells by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared to placebo, ES induced significantly greater dilatation of the proximal stomach after the subjects drank 300-400 ml water (P < 0.05). After ES intake, the intragastric pressure did not change significantly, but it tended to be lower (n = 8; P = 0.15). ES increased NO production and @entity2821 expression, but not @entity3623 or eNOS expression, in SH-SY 5Y cells in vitro. Pretreatment with non-selective @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) inhibitor, but not with @entity3623 -selective inhibitor, reduced NO production by ES. CONCLUSION: ES may promote GAR in @entity1 through @entity2821 -related NO; therefore, it may be useful for @entity1 with @entity2210 .

title: Ecabet sodium induces neuronal @entity842 synthase-derived XXXX synthesis and gastric adaptive relaxation in the @entity1 stomach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity29961 :: ('MESH:C061681', 'Chemical') :: ['Ecabet sodium']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['functional dyspepsia', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity29962 :: ('4842;4843', 'Gene') :: ['Neuronal, endothelial and inducible NO synthase']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the use and outcomes of @entity6323 ( @entity6323 ) insertion in @entity5 @entity1 with @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). METHODS: Hospital records of @entity1 with a principal diagnosis of lower extremity @entity1150 and/or @entity1151 and @entity5 in California between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2009 were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with @entity6323 use and propensity matched methodology was used to determine the effect of @entity6323 insertion on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: An @entity6323 was placed in 19.6% of 14,000 @entity5 @entity1 and @entity1211 . This varied widely across hospitals, from 0% to 52%, and by @entity5 type. The strongest predictors of @entity6323 use were a diagnosis of @entity1313 (OR=4.6, CI: 3.7-5.6), undergoing major surgery (OR=4.9, CI: 3.9-6.1), and @entity548 (OR=2.7, CI: 2.0-3.5). Only 21% of @entity1 with @entity6323 had a strong contraindication to anticoagulation ( @entity548 or major surgery). There was no benefit for 30-day mortality and no reduction in subsequent @entity1151 (+/- @entity1150 ). Additionally, there was 60% increased risk of recurrent @entity1150 and 20% increased risk of subsequent @entity548 when an @entity6323 was placed. CONCLUSIONS: An @entity6323 was placed in approximately 20% of acute @entity1211 @entity1 with @entity5 and use varied widely between hospitals and @entity5 types. Most @entity1 did not have a contraindication for anticoagulation. There was no benefit in short-term mortality or risk of @entity1151 ; there was increased risk of @entity1150 and subsequent @entity548 .

title: Inferior vena cava filters in @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity1211 ( XXXX ): patterns of use and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava filters', 'IVCF']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['VTE']


abstract: Highly pathogenic (HP) @entity1323 ( @entity1323 ) is enzootic in several countries of Asia and Africa and constitutes a major threat, at the world level, for both animal and public health. @entity4186 play an important role in the epidemiology of @entity1323 , including HP H5N1 @entity1323 . Although vaccination can be a useful tool to control @entity1323 , @entity4186 vaccination has not proved very efficient in the field, indicating a need to develop new vaccines and a challenge model to evaluate the protection for @entity4186 species. Although @entity22157 is the @entity4186 species most often reared in France, the primary @entity4186 -producing country in Europe, and is also produced in Asia, it is rarely studied. Our team recently demonstrated a good cross-reactivity with hemagglutinin from clade 2.2 and inferred that this could be a good vaccine candidate for @entity4186 . Two challenges using two French H5N1 HP strains, 1) A/mute swan/France/06299/06 (Swan/06299), clade 2.2.1, and 2) A/mute swan/France/070203/07 (Swan/070203), clade 2.2 (but different from subclade 2.2.1), were performed (each) on 20 @entity22157 (including five contacts) inoculated by oculo-nasal route (6 log10 median egg infectious doses per @entity4186 ). Clinical signs were recorded daily, and cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected throughout the assay. Autopsies were done on all dead @entity4186 , and organs were taken for analyses. @entity778 was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR based on the M gene @entity1323 virus. @entity4186 presented severe nervous signs in both challenges. Swan/070203 strain led to 80% morbidity (12/15 sick @entity4186 ) and 73% mortality (11/15 @entity4186 ) at 13.5 days postinfection (dpi), whereas Swan/06299 strain produced 100% mortality at 6.5 dpi. Viral RNA load was significantly lower via the cloacal route than via the oropharyngeal route in both trials, presenting a peak in the first challenge at 3.5 dpi and being more stable in the second challenge. The brain was the organ containing the highest viral RNA load in both challenges. Viral RNA load in a given organ was similar or statistically significantly higher in @entity4186 challenged with Swan/06299 strain. Thus, the Swan/06299 strain was more virulent and could be used as a putative challenge model. Moreover, challenged @entity4186 and contacts contained the same amounts of viral RNA load, demonstrating the rapid and efficient transmission of H5N1 HP in @entity22157 in our experimental conditions.

title: Experimental infection of XXXX with highly pathogenic @entity1323 virus (H5N1) belonging to clade 2.2.

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['H5N1 avian influenza', 'AI']

entities_list: @entity22157 :: ('8855', 'Species') :: ['Muscovy ducks', 'Muscovy duck']

answer: @entity22157 :: (8855,Species) :: ['Muscovy ducks']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the laparoscopy combined with transperineal extralevator abdominoperineal excision (TP-ELAPE) for locally advanced low rectal caner. METHODS: Clinical data of 12 @entity1 with locally advanced low @entity5 undergoing laparoscopy combined with TP-ELAPE in our department from May 2013 to March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 male and 4 female @entity1 with median aged of 63 (46 to 72) years. The median distance from @entity5 lower margin to anal verge was 3.5(2.0 to 4.0) cm. A self-made transanal suit for minimally invasive operation was used to make a sealed lacuna outside the sphincter, thus laparoscope can be applied to perform transperineal operation. RESULTS: All the @entity1 underwent operations successfully without conversion to open abdominal operation. The median operating time was 206 (180 to 280) minutes with perineal operating time 95(80 to 120) minutes. The median intraoperative @entity190 was 120(50 to 200) ml. The median postoperative hospital stay was 12(9 to 18 ) days. Postoperative pathology revealed that all circumferential margins (CRM) were negative. The area of sample horizontal section was (2 824  463) mm(2), and of outer muscularis propria was(2 190  476) mm(2). @entity260 included chronic sacrococcygeal region pain in 2 cases, urinary retention in 3 cases, perineal wound infection in 1 case. No perineal @entity2080 , wound dehiscence and sinus tract formation were observed. Among 8 @entity1 with preoperative normal sexual function, @entity250 occurred in 2 @entity1 . There was no local recurrence and @entity3 during a median follow-up of 21(12 to 34) months. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy combined with TP-ELAPE has the potential to simplify the operation procedure for low @entity5 , can ensure the radical treatment and safety of operation, and may be carried out in experienced centers.

title: [Laparoscopy combined with transperineal extralevator abdominoperineal excision for locally advanced low XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['seroma, perineal hernia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet gel is being ever more frequently used to promote healing of cutaneous @entity1066 . However, the factors that determine the often variable clinical outcome of this procedure are still incompletely understood. AIMS: The aims of this study were to demonstrate that platelet gel, even when obtained under strictly controlled conditions, produces highly variable outcomes in @entity1 with cutaneous @entity1066 and to propose a method for in vitro standardisation of the biological properties of platelet gel. MATERIAL AND METHODS.: @entity1 were enrolled on the basis of a pre-defined protocol. Platelet concentrate was produced with standard methods, with a variability in platelet count among the different samples of less than 10%. The platelet gel for clinical use was obtained, under strictly standardized conditions, by adding @entity556 and @entity10041 to the concentrates. For in vitro studies, platelet gel, obtained from platelet-rich plasma from four donors, was frozen and thawed twice so as to increase gel contraction. The supernatant was used to modify cell proliferation, protein synthesis, and the expression of selected genes in cultures of @entity1 diploid fibroblasts. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 (aged 44-78 years) with @entity1066 (4 @entity6 , 11 vascular, 1 post-traumatic, 1 @entity6227 ) were treated with platelet gel (4 autologous, 13 homologous). Complete re-epithelialisation of four @entity1066 (1 @entity6 , 1 post-traumatic, 2 vascular) was obtained after applications of platelet gel (2 autologous, 2 homologous); in 11 other cases there was a greater than 50% reduction in the size of the @entity1066 . Two @entity1 had no benefit. The supernatant of the platelet gel was able to promote dose-dependent proliferation and changes in gene expression as well as in metabolic activities related to protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Although the use of platelet gel in the treatment of cutaneous @entity1066 is increasing, and conditions for its production are better standardised, very considerable variability of clinical outcomes is still observed, even within single centres, suggesting that there are differences in biological properties of platelet concentrates from individual @entity1 which cannot be readily controlled with current techniques. The biological effects of the platelet gel supernatant described in this article may provide the basis for a simple biological validation of platelet preparations before their clinical use, so as to reduce this potentially important source of variability.

title: Platelet gel in the treatment of cutaneous XXXX : the experience of the Immunohaematology and Transfusion Centre of Parma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['decubitus']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity902 -based regimens represent the standard first-line treatment for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, newer data have established a role for pemetrexed in the treatment of this disease. Such data suggest that histology represents a determining factor in the selection of treatment. METHODS: We undertook a systematic review of the literature for randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of pemetrexed with that of other treatments in advanced @entity1149 . Data and study quality were assessed according to published guidelines. RESULTS: We identified five trials that compared pemetrexed with other treatments or with placebo. Overall survival for @entity1 treated with pemetrexed was superior to that with other treatments: hazard ratio (hr): 0.89; 95% confidence interval (ci): 0.80 to 0.99. The survival benefit was limited to @entity1 with non-squamous histology: hr: 0.82; 95% ci: 0.73 to 0.91. Pemetrexed was inferior to other chemotherapy options in @entity1 with squamous histology: hr: 1.19; 95% ci: 0.99 to 1.43. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other chemotherapy agents, pemetrexed is more effective for the treatment of @entity1149 in @entity1 with non-squamous histology.

title: Role of pemetrexed in advanced XXXX : meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, with histology subgroup analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nsclc', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity35499 , the gene encoding the alpha subunit of @entity375 capping protein, was cloned using a probe prepared by PCR with primers based on the @entity535 sequence of purified alpha subunit peptides. The sequence is similar to that of capping protein alpha subunits of other species but not to that of the @entity375 capping protein beta subunit or any other protein. Null mutants of capping protein, prepared by deletion of the coding region of @entity35499 and @entity35500 separately or together, are viable and have a similar phenotype. Deletion of the gene for one subunit leads to a loss of protein for the other subunit. The null mutant has a severe deficit of actin cables and an increased number of actin spots in the mother. Cells are round and relatively large. These features are heterogeneous within a population of cells and vary with genetic background. Overexpression of @entity35499 and @entity35500 also causes loss of actin cables and cell enlargement, as well as the additional traits of aberrant morphogenesis and cell wall thickening. Capping protein null strains and overexpression strains exhibited normal polarized secretion during bud growth as demonstrated by labeling with fluoresceinated Con A. Projection formation and chitin deposition in response to mating @entity5681 , mating efficiency, and bud site selection were also normal in capping protein null strains. In addition, bulk secretion of invertase was unimpaired. These data indicate that actin cables are not required for polarized secretion in @entity375 .

title: Effects of null mutations and overexpression of capping protein on morphogenesis, actin distribution and polarized secretion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: We previously used the C57BL/6J (B6)   A/J @entity19 chromosome substitution strain (CSS) panel to identify a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 11 influencing @entity888 (MA)-induced locomotor activity. We then made an F(2) cross between CSS-11 and B6 and narrowed the locus (Bayes credible interval: 79-109 Mb) which was inherited dominantly and accounted for 14% of the phenotypic variance in the CSS panel. In the present study, we created congenic and subcongenic lines possessing heterozygous portions of this QTL to narrow the interval. We identified one line (84-96 Mb) that recapitulated the QTL, thus narrowing the region to 12 Mb. This interval also produced a small @entity2915 following prior saline treatment. When we generated subcongenic lines spanning the entire 12-Mb region, the phenotypic difference in MA sensitivity abruptly disappeared, suggesting an epistatic mechanism. We also evaluated the rewarding properties of MA (2 mg/kg, i.p.) in the 84- to 96-Mb congenic line using the conditioned place preference (CPP) test. We replicated the locomotor difference in the MA-paired CPP chamber yet observed no effect of genotype on MA-CPP, supporting the specificity of this QTL for MA-induced locomotor activity under these conditions. Lastly, to aid in prioritizing candidate genes responsible for this QTL, we used the Affymetrix GeneChip(  ) @entity19 Gene 1.0ST Array to identify genes containing expression QTLs (eQTL) in the striatum of drug-na  ve, congenic @entity19 . These findings highlight the difficulty of using congenic lines to fine map QTLs and illustrate how epistasis may thwart such efforts.

title: Congenic dissection of a major QTL for XXXX sensitivity implicates epistasis.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: CONTEXT: Altered cardiac structure and function have been reported in @entity5710 and @entity6 populations; however, the contribution of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to these changes has yet to be delineated. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine interrelationships between @entity413 metabolism, left ventricular mass and function, and SNS activity in @entity28 @entity209 subjects. @entity1 AND METHODS: Unmedicated impaired @entity413 tolerant (IGT) (n = 31) or treatment-naive @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) (n = 25) subjects, matched for age (mean 58    1 years), gender, body mass index (32.2    0.5 kg/m(2)), and blood pressure, participated. They underwent echocardiography and assessments of whole-body @entity1063 kinetics, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp (M value). RESULTS: @entity2175 subjects had higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (93.6    3.5 vs 77.2    3.4 g/m(2), P = .002) and Doppler-derived isovolumetric relaxation and deceleration times (both P < .05) and lower early/late transmitral inflow velocities (E/A) (P = .02) compared with IGT. Total muscle sympathetic nerve activity and arterial @entity1063 concentration were higher in the @entity2175 group (by 18% and 32%, respectively, both P  <= .05), whereas plasma @entity1063 clearance was reduced (1.94    0.11 vs 2.26    0.10 L/min, P = .02). M value correlated inversely with left ventricular septal thickness (r = -0.46, P = .007). Whole-body noradrenaline spillover rate correlated with LVMI in the @entity2175 subgroup (r = 0.47, P = .03). In the pooled cohort, LVMI was independently predicted by pulse pressure (r = 0.38, P = .004) and E/A ratio by 2-hour @entity413 (r = -0.38, P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Transition from IGT to @entity2175 is associated with @entity299 and @entity67 , which relate to metabolic, hemodynamic, and SNS alterations.

title: The relation of @entity413 metabolism to left ventricular mass and function and sympathetic nervous system activity in XXXX subjects with @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetic', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac enlargement']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity5150 ( @entity5150 ) are rare astrocytic neoplasms. A paucity of literature exists on the epidemiology and outcomes of @entity5150 . Here, we present a series of 445 cases of @entity5150 obtained from the Surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) database. Data on @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics as well as initial treatment with surgery or radiation were extracted from the SEER Database. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent prognostic factors predicting mortality hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazards modeling. The median age range at diagnosis was 5-9 years. Twenty percent of @entity1 were over the age of 20 years. Amongst @entity1 with information available on @entity5 grade (n = 131), 83% had a low-grade @entity5 and 17% had a @entity5 . Sixteen percent of @entity1 received radiation therapy and 18.4% of @entity1 underwent a sub- or gross total resection. The 5 year overall survival was 96% and 20% for @entity1 with low- and @entity5 , respectively. In a multivariate analysis, grade was the only significant predictor of overall survival (HR 29.3, CI: 4.3, 205.4, P < 0.001). Age at diagnosis, receipt of radiation therapy, and extent of surgical resection were not significantly correlated with overall survival. In conclusion, @entity5150 are rare @entity5 seen predominantly in @entity1 . The overall prognosis of @entity5 remains poor in all age groups despite multi-modality treatment.

title: Characterization and outcomes of XXXX : a population-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['ONG', 'Optic nerve gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'high-grade tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5150 :: (MESH:D020339,Disease) :: ['optic nerve gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity165 lowering reduces coronary events. One mechanism could be improvement of endothelial function. In line with this hypothesis, this study investigates whether @entity165 reduction can result in rapid improvement of endothelial function after @entity1187 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity583 or unstable @entity951 and total @entity165 levels at admission >/=5.2 mmol/L or LDL >/=3.4 mmol/L were randomized to placebo (n=30) or @entity8673 40 mg daily (n=30) for 6 weeks. Brachial ultrasound was used to measure endothelium-dependent @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and response to endothelium-independent nitroglycerin. Changes in the levels of markers of platelet activation, coagulation factors, and plasma endothelin levels were also assessed. Total and LDL @entity165 levels were similar at admission and before randomization in both groups. With @entity8673 , but not with placebo, they decreased by 23% (P<0.05) and 33% (P<0.01), respectively. @entity384 was unchanged with placebo, 5.43+/-0.74% (mean+/-SEM) to 5.84+/-0.81%, but increased with @entity8673 , 4.93+/-0.81% to 7.0+/-0.79% (P=0.02), representing a 42% relative increase. Responses to @entity1242 were similar during the time course of the study in the 2 groups. Markers of platelet activity, coagulation factors, and endothelin levels were not affected by @entity8673 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity165 reduction with @entity8673 initiated early after @entity1187 rapidly improves endothelial function after 6 weeks of therapy.

title: XXXX reduction rapidly improves endothelial function after @entity1187 . The RECIFE (reduction of @entity165 in ischemia and function of the endothelium) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilatation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: The authors had previously shown that the subcutaneous administration of @entity205 (CsA) resulted in an impairment of spermatogenesis. @entity251 levels declined and gonadotropin levels increased, suggesting that CsA primarily affects the synthesis and secretion of @entity251 . In this study, the authors attempted to determine whether the exogenous administration of @entity251 would maintain spermatogenesis in animals treated with a very high dose of CsA. Sexually mature, male @entity35 were treated subcutaneously with CsA (40 mg/kg per day) alone, or in combination with @entity3033 (TP; 2 and 5 mg/d per @entity35 ), for 14 days. As expected, @entity870 reduced the body and reproductive organ weights and the levels of serum @entity251 , while elevating the levels of follicles-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis revealed a decline in all the different types of germ cells in tubules at stage VII of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Administration of TP in 2 and 5 mg/d per @entity35 doses restored the body and reproductive organ weights and the circulating levels of FSH. The serum levels of LH were below the assay's minimum level of detectability. Analysis of spermatogenesis revealed a dose-dependent increase in the germ cell counts after the administration of 2 and 5 mg of TP. The circulating levels of CsA were also significantly reduced after TP administration. These results revealed that CsA-induced alteration in spermatogenesis can be prevented by the exogenous administration of @entity251 .

title: Quantitative maintenance of spermatogenesis in @entity205 -treated XXXX by exogenous administration of @entity3033 .

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']