abstract: PURPOSE: This preclinical and phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of cetuximab and @entity3866 in metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). @entity1 AND METHODS: The activity and mechanism of action of the combination of cetuximab plus @entity3866 were investigated in vitro in @entity14 cell lines. In the clinical study, @entity1 with chemotherapy-refractory mCRC were treated with cetuximab 400 mg/m(2) as a loading dose and then weekly cetuximab 250 mg/m(2) with @entity3866 100 mg orally daily. The primary end point was response rate (RR), which was evaluated separately in @entity984 wild-type (WT) versus @entity984 mutant @entity5 . Secondary end points included @entity137 , progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival. Target accrual was 50 @entity1 , with a one-stage design. RESULTS: Preclinical studies demonstrated synergistic activity of cetuximab and @entity3866 cotreatment on growth inhibition of @entity694 cell lines both as a result of enhanced inhibition of the @entity470 pathway and differential effects on @entity4104 . In the clinical study, 50 @entity1 were enrolled, with 48 @entity1 evaluable for response. The overall RR was 31% (95% CI, 26% to 57%), with a median PFS of 4.6 months (95% CI, 2.8 to 5.6 months). RR was 41% (95% CI, 26% to 57%) in @entity984 @entity5 , with a median PFS of 5.6 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 5.6 months). There was no response in 11 @entity1 with @entity984 mutations. Frequent grade 3 and 4 @entity137 were @entity1910 (48%), hypomagnesaemia (18%), and @entity1295 (10%). CONCLUSION: The combination of cetuximab and @entity3866 synergistically inhibits growth of @entity694 cell lines, achieves promising efficacy in @entity1 with @entity984 WT mCRC, and merits evaluation in further randomized studies.

title: Dual targeting of the XXXX using the combination of cetuximab and @entity3866 : preclinical evaluation and results of the phase II DUX study in chemotherapy-refractory, advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['WT tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: A significant higher incidence of some @entity5 , especially @entity2 , has been found in @entity1 with previous HPV-related ( @entity1082 ) urogenital and anal @entity5 than in individuals without this particular clinical history. The aim of our study was to investigate whether HPV is present in both @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) lesions and bronchopulmonary second primary @entity5 in @entity1 with a clinical history of both diseases. @entity982 -embedded @entity5 tissue from 75 @entity1 with @entity189 was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and in situ hybridization for the presence of @entity1 HPV. In total, 51 primary @entity5 without @entity3 , 11 primary @entity5 with @entity3 and 13 lymph node @entity3 without available tissue from primary @entity5 were analysed. In our study 37/75 primary @entity5 (49%) were identified as HPV positive by the PCR method: 18 cases were purely @entity1799 positive (49%), 12 were purely HPV 6 positive (32%), 5 cases were @entity1799 /6 positive (14%), 1 case was @entity1799 /11 positive (2%) and 1 case was @entity1799 /18 positive (2%). Fourteen @entity3 were HPV positive, and @entity1799 , 11 and 6 were detected in both regional and distant @entity3 . Two of the @entity1799 -positive @entity3 were brain @entity3 from two separate @entity1799 -positive primary @entity5 ; 35% of the HPV-positive cases were @entity420 , 30% @entity957 , 22% oat cell @entity189 , 5% large cell @entity189 , 3% @entity189 , 3% low-differentiated @entity189 , and 3% @entity5 . The @entity75 from 34 of the 37 @entity189 were analysed by PCR. The overall HPV positivity in the @entity75 was 74% (25/34 cases): 48% were purely @entity1799 positive, 24% purely HPV 6 positive, 24% @entity1799 /6 positive and 4% were HPV 18 positive. Our results indicate that HPV is also involved in the development of @entity5 in @entity1 with a history of @entity75 .

title: HPV positive XXXX in @entity1 with previous high-grade @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'bronchopulmonary tumours', 'tumour', 'bronchopulmonary cancers', 'neoplasias', 'tumours', 'malignant cylindroma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CIN III lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'bronchopulmonary carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'anaplastic carcinoma', 'HPV-positive bronchopulmonary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN III']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary carcinomas']


abstract: 1. Although it is known that mechanical events in the heart influence the duration of the cardiac action potential, there is no quantitative information on the effects of independent changes in @entity998 . 2. Experiments were carried out on open-chest anaesthetized @entity235 in which the autonomic nervous influences on the heart were prevented and monophasic action potentials were recorded form the epicardial surface of the left ventricle. The duration of these action potentials was taken as the interval from the upstroke to the point of 90% repolarization. 3. Elevation of left ventricular peak systolic pressure, at constant end-diastolic pressure, significantly shortened the monophasic action potential. 4. Elevation of end-diastolic pressure at constant peak systolic pressure significantly lengthened the monophasic action potential. 5. Responses were not dependent on release of @entity1063 from sympathetic nerve terminals because they persisted after administration of @entity11660 . They were also not due to @entity296 because they persisted when coronary perfusion pressure was maintained at a constant high level. 6. Simultaneous recordings of changes in myocardial segment length showed the expected responses to changes in ventricular pressures: increases in shortening in response to increases in diastolic pressure and no consistent effect from changes in systolic pressure. 7. These investigations demonstrate the independent effects of changes in systolic and end-diastolic pressures on cardiac action potential duration. This effect is likely to be an effect of the mechanical events, i.e. contraction-excitation feedback. This response may be mediated through changes in myocardial fibre tension, the consequent changes in fibre shortening, or both.

title: The effects of XXXX on action potential and duration in anaesthetized @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular end-diastolic and systolic pressures']

entities_list: @entity11660 :: ('MESH:D001950', 'Chemical') :: ['bretylium tosylate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity998 :: (MESH:D002303,Disease) :: ['ventricular end-diastolic and systolic pressures']


abstract: Commissural interneurons (CINs) send their axons across the midline to innervate contralateral targets and have been implicated in the coordination of left-right limb movements during locomotion. In the neonatal @entity19 spinal cord, we studied the firing properties and responses to @entity750 ( @entity750 ) of two classes of CINs: those whose axons turn caudally after crossing the midline (dCINs) and those whose axons bifurcate after crossing the midline (adCINs). During @entity143 and @entity750 -induced locomotor-like activity, a majority of lumbar (L2) dCINs fired rhythmically with ventral root-recorded motor activity, although their firing phase was widely distributed throughout the locomotor cycle. In contrast, none of the adCINs fired rhythmically during fictive locomotion. We studied the baseline firing and membrane properties, and responses to current injection, in dCINs and adCINs that had been partially isolated by blockade of rapid synaptic transmission (with antagonists to @entity2227 , @entity1246 , and @entity2228 ). No significant baseline differences were found between the cell types. In contrast, @entity750 significantly increased the excitability of the isolated dCINs by depolarizing the membrane potential, reducing the postspike afterhyperpolarization amplitude and decreasing the action potential threshold. None of these parameters were affected by @entity750 in adCINs. These results, together with our recent study of a third class of CINs, the aCINs whose axons ascend after crossing the midline (Zhong et al., 2006), suggest that dCINs and aCINs, but not adCINs, are excited by @entity750 and are rhythmically active during fictive locomotion. Thus, they may play important roles in the coordination of left-right movements during fictive locomotion.

title: Intrinsic and functional differences among commissural interneurons during fictive locomotion and serotonergic modulation in the neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Upper-airway disruption is a rare but potentially life-threatening phenomenon. It can occur spontaneously, be due to @entity130 , or be iatrogenically induced. Even more rare are such events reported in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the presentation, diagnostic difficulties, and management of spontaneous @entity397 in a @entity1 . CASE REPORT: A 3-year-old @entity1 was brought by emergency medical services to our emergency department with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity2021 . With progressive @entity649 , the @entity1 quickly deteriorated. He received i.v. @entity1425 , chest compressions, and bag-valve mask ventilation. He was intubated without difficulty and with no noted @entity4 . Concomitant bilateral needle thoracostomies were performed and subsequent bilateral tube thoracostomies were placed. Immediately after intubation and chest tube placements, the @entity1 's @entity26 saturations and heart rate improved. Bronchoscopy failed to demonstrate any evident pathology. However, computed tomography scan revealed a defect in the posterior wall of the @entity825 proximal to the termination of the endotracheal tube. Cardiothoracic surgery was consulted and performed a primary repair of the @entity8276 . The @entity1 was extubated soon after surgery, and he was discharged home neurologically intact. CONCLUSIONS: The initial presentation of spontaneous @entity397 can be misleading and difficult to diagnose. After resuscitation, stabilization, and diagnosis, both surgical repair and nonoperative management have been reported as successful treatment measures for tracheal disruption.

title: Spontaneous XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['swelling and respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['airway edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal rupture']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal defect']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['tracheal rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate different brain regions for grey (GM) and white matter (WM) damage in a well-defined cohort of @entity1652 spectrum disorder (NMOSD) @entity1 and compare advanced MRI techniques (VBM, Subcortical and cortical analyses (Freesurfer), and DTI) for their ability to detect damage in NMOSD. METHODS: We analyzed 21 NMOSD @entity1 and 21 age and gender matched control subjects. VBM (GW/WM) and DTI whole brain (TBSS) analyses were performed at different statistical thresholds to reflect different statistical approaches in previous studies. In an automated atlas-based approach, Freesurfer and DTI results were compared between NMOSD and controls. RESULTS: DTI TBSS and DTI atlas based analysis demonstrated @entity73 only within the optic radiation or in regions associated with the optic radiation (posterior thalamic radiation p   <   0.001, 6.9  % reduction of fractional anisotropy). VBM demonstrated widespread brain GM and WM reduction, but only at exploratory statistical thresholds, with no differences remaining after correction for multiple comparisons. Freesurfer analysis demonstrated no group differences. CONCLUSION: NMOSD specific parenchymal @entity75 is predominantly located in the optic radiation, likely due to a secondary degeneration caused by ON. In comparison, DTI appears to be the most reliable and sensitive technique for @entity75 detection in NMOSD. KEY POINTS:     The hypothesis of a widespread @entity75 in NMOSD is challenged.     The optic radiation (OR) is the most severely affected region.     OR-affection is likely due to secondary degeneration following @entity7995 .     DTI is currently the most sensitive technique for NMOSD-related @entity75 detection.     DTI is currently the most reliable technique for NMOSD-related @entity75 detection.

title: Brain parenchymal damage in XXXX spectrum disorder - A multimodal MRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['microstructural impairment']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage', 'brain-damage']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: Information on the species causing @entity298 , their in vitro susceptibility, antifungal strategies in this setting and @entity1 outcome is still scarce. AmarCand was a prospective, non-interventional study in 271 adult @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) @entity1 with proven invasive @entity6923 who received systemic antifungal therapy (France, 2005-2006). Of these @entity1213 @entity1 , 93 (median age 65 years, simplified acute physiology score II 52) had @entity298 , including 73 @entity298 , 53 concomitant @entity2348 . Candida species were @entity5132 (n = 63/108 isolates, 58%), @entity7408 (n = 22, 20%), C. krusei (n = 9), C. kefyr (n = 5), @entity7409 (n = 3), @entity9841 (n = 3), C. ciferii (n = 2) and @entity19323 (n = 1). Of tested isolates, 28% were @entity2380 -resistant or susceptible dose-dependent ( @entity5132 3/32, @entity7408 9/14, C. krusei 4/4). Empiric antifungal treatment was started 1 day (median) after @entity298 diagnosis, with @entity2380 (n = 2 @entity1 ), @entity11794 (n = 12), @entity5074 (n = 3), @entity2379 (n = 2), or a combination (n = 4). Following susceptibility testing, empiric antifungal treatment was judged inadequate in 9/45 (20%) @entity1 and modified in 30 @entity1 ( @entity2380 was replaced by @entity11794 (n = 14) or @entity5074 (n = 4)). Mortality in @entity1213 was 38% (35/93) and was not influenced by type of Candida species, @entity2380 susceptibility, time to treatment, candidaemia, nosocomial acquisition, or concomitant @entity2348 . No specific factors for @entity204 were identified. In summary, a high proportion of @entity2380 -resistant or susceptible dose-dependent strains was cultured. These results confirm the high mortality rates of @entity298 and plead for additional investigation in this population. Antifungal treatment for severe cases of @entity298 in @entity1213 @entity1 remains the standard care.

title: A multicentre study of antifungal strategies and outcome of Candida spp. XXXX in intensive-care units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infection']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection', 'bacterial peritoneal infections and 26 candidaemias']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive-care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Candida peritonitis', 'nosocomial peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: @entity146 start to appear in mild and moderate @entity303 and become increasingly severe with the progression of the disease. Agitation, @entity146 , and @entity716 can be seen in @entity195 , and in particular are common manifestations in @entity1832 . It is the behavioral disturbances rather than the @entity73 that are more often the cause of the institutionalization of these @entity1 because of the heavy assistance and emotional burden they represent for caregivers. Traditionally, these kinds of symptoms were controlled by classical antipsychotic agents, which after long-term use cause severe extrapyramidal effects, late @entity910 , sedation, @entity551 , and cognitive function impairment. More recently, atypical antipsychotic agents have shown a better tolerability profile, with a reduced incidence of extrapyramidal effects, @entity551 , sedation, and a reduced impact on cognitive function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity1089 in a group of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity303 and @entity914 . The response to treatment was evaluated by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Behavioral Pathology in @entity195 Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). The NPI and BEHAVE-AD were administered at baseline and after 4 weeks and 12 weeks of therapy. Tolerability was assessed by the incidence of clinically evident side effects. The results show that @entity1089 is effective in reducing behavioral symptoms, deliria and @entity1833 , @entity146 , and @entity25 . @entity1089 tolerability proved to be satisfactory. The only side effect of clinical significance was @entity551 , which was, however, partially preventable by a slower drug titration.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of XXXX in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'Behavioral symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy body dementia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['quetiapine']


abstract: A total of 353 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity151 ( @entity151 ) were accrued in this multicenter trial. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive one of the following three regimens: @entity786 1,000 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) day 1, @entity1891 1.4 mg/m2 IV day 1, and @entity2879 50 mg/m2 IV day 1, followed by @entity2879 100 mg/m2/day orally days 2 through 5 (CEV); @entity786 1,000 mg/m2 IV day 1, @entity1891 1.4 mg/m2 IV day 1, and @entity632 50 mg/m2 IV day 1 ( @entity3895 ); @entity786 2,000 mg/m2 day 1 and @entity1891 1.4 mg/m2 IV day 1 (CV). Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. Treatment groups were comparable with respect to extent of disease, age, sex, performance status, and metastatic sites. No significant differences in response rates, response duration, or survival could be detected in limited disease, although there appeared to be a trend favoring CEV. Among @entity66 @entity1 , response duration on the CEV regimen was longer than on the CV regimen or the @entity3895 program (P less than .001). The superiority of the CEV regimen was also demonstrated in the survival analysis in which differences attained statistical significance (P = .01). In this group the median survival was increased from 29 weeks on CV to 31 weeks on @entity3895 and 39 weeks on CEV. Myelosuppression was the most frequent @entity137 . It was more severe with CV than CEV or @entity3895 . Most nonhematologic side effects were comparable among the three treatment groups. However, the high doses of @entity786 in the CV regimen produced a higher incidence of @entity2335 than in the CEV or @entity3895 programs (P less than .001). @entity1370 only occurred in the @entity3895 group (P = .05). The addition of @entity2879 to the CV regimen resulted in significantly longer response duration and survival without increased @entity137 . Similarly, the substitution of @entity2879 for the @entity632 in the @entity3895 regimen was associated with prolonged survival and reduced @entity1370 .

title: @entity2879 combined with @entity786 plus @entity1891 compared with @entity632 plus @entity786 plus @entity1891 and with high-dose @entity786 plus XXXX in the treatment of small-cell carcinoma of the lung: a randomized trial of the Bristol Lung Cancer Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive-disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiotoxicity', 'cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: @entity8310 viruses are the causative agents of @entity8310 , an economically important contagious disease of livestock that occurs in North, Central, and South America. Little is known regarding the early stages of @entity281 in natural hosts. Twelve adult Holstein steers were inoculated with @entity8310 New Jersey virus (VSNJV) on the coronary bands (CB) of the feet via scarification (SC) or by VSNJV-infected black @entity238 (Simulium vittatum) bite (FB). Three additional animals were inoculated on the neck skin using FB. Clinical disease and lesion development were assessed daily, and animals were euthanatized from 12 @entity11102 ( @entity11102 ) through 120 @entity11102 . The animals inoculated in the neck failed to develop any clinical signs or gross lesions, and VSNJV was detected neither by in situ hybridization (ISH) nor by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lesions on the CB were more severe in the animals infected by FB than by SC. In both groups, peak VSNJV replication occurred between 24 and 48 @entity11102 in keratinocytes of the CB, as evidenced by ISH and IHC. There was evidence of viral replication limited to the first 24 @entity11102 in the local draining lymph nodes, as seen through ISH. Successful @entity281 via FB required logarithmically less virus than with the SC technique, suggesting that components in black @entity238 saliva may facilitate VSNJV transmission and @entity281 in @entity291 . The lack of lesion development in the neck with the same method of inoculation used in the CB suggests that specific characteristics of the CB epithelium may facilitate @entity778 .

title: Lesion development and replication kinetics during early @entity281 in @entity291 inoculated with XXXX New Jersey virus via scarification and black @entity238 (Simulium vittatum) bite.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['VSNJV infection']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicular stomatitis', 'vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['hours post inoculation', 'HPI']

answer: @entity8310 :: (MESH:D054243,Disease) :: ['Vesicular stomatitis']


abstract: @entity393 ( @entity393 ) is often regarded as pathognomic for @entity161 . The purpose of this article is to review and integrate historical, clinical, epidemiological, and phenomenological evidence in order to suggest that @entity393 may be more appropriately understood as a dissociative rather than a @entity716 phenomenon. First, we discuss the lifetime prevalence of @entity393 in the general population, which is estimated to range between 1% and 16% for adult nonclinical populations and 2% and 41% in healthy adolescent samples. Second, we demonstrate how the ubiquity of @entity393 phenomenology, including variables like voice location, content, and frequency, limits its diagnostic and prognostic utility for differentiating @entity716 from @entity130 -spectrum and nonclinical populations. Finally, we report on the empirical associations between @entity393 , measures of dissociation, and @entity130 particularly (though not exclusively) childhood @entity458 . There are 2 main conclusions from this review. First, we argue that available evidence suggests that @entity393 experiences, including those in the context of @entity914 , can be most appropriately understood as dissociated or disowned components of the self (or self-other relationships) that result from @entity130 , loss, or other interpersonal stressors. Second, we provide a rationale for clinicians to use psychotherapeutic methods for integrating life events as precipitating and/or maintaining factors for distressing voices. Potential mechanisms for the relationship between @entity130 , dissociation, @entity393 , and clinical diagnosis are described, including the relevance of literature from the field of attachment in providing a diathesis for dissociation. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.

title: Dissociation, XXXX , and the role of lived experience: toward a new conceptualization of voice hearing.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['VH', 'Voice hearing']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the clinical and epidemiological data from the first series of @entity1 with @entity693 by Toscana @entity778 in Spain. @entity1 AND METHOD: We analyzed a total of 724 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from @entity1 with suspicion of @entity5827 for @entity778 isolation in cell culture. The clinical records of @entity1 in whom Toscana @entity778 was isolated were analyzed. RESULTS: Toscana @entity778 was isolated in CSF in 17 @entity1 (7% of all viral isolates). The first case was diagnosed in June 1988 and the last one in August 2002. The mean age was 27 years (range: 10-64 years). Most @entity1 were based in rural area (n = 11, 64.7%). Most common symptoms were @entity10 (holocranial or focal) present in all @entity1 and moderate fever observed in 76.5% of them with a mean duration of 48 h (range: 18 h-5 days). @entity2003 was present in 9 @entity1 (53%). All cases were seen between June and October, and predominantly in August (53%). The outcome was favorable in all cases, and the mean time of duration of the disease was 7 days (range: 3-10 days). CONCLUSIONS: Toscana @entity778 must be taken into account among those agents responsible of @entity693 in Spain.

title: [ @entity693 by Toscana XXXX in Spain: description of 17 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['Nuchal rigidity']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis', 'lymphocytic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Research examining the course of @entity308 during @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is relatively scarce. OBJECTIVE: To classify @entity1 according to the course of their @entity308 while receiving @entity34 . METHODS: The sample consisted of 156 consecutive @entity1 receiving @entity34 for @entity308 . @entity308 were measured weekly with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Latent class analysis was applied to identify distinct trajectories of symptom improvement. RESULTS: We identified five classes of different trajectories (improvement rates) of @entity308 , i.e. fast improvement (39 @entity1 ), intermediate improvement (47 @entity1 ), slow improvement (30 @entity1 ), slow improvement with delayed onset (18 @entity1 ), and finally a trajectory with no improvement (20 @entity1 ). The course of @entity308 at the end of the treatment within the trajectories of intermediate improvement, slow improvement and slow improvement with delayed onset, was still improving and did not achieve a plateau. CONCLUSION: The different courses of @entity308 during @entity34 probably contribute to mixed results of prediction studies of @entity34 outcome. Data suggest that for a large group of @entity1 no optimal clinical endpoint can be identified, other than full remission or no improvement at all, to discontinue @entity34 .

title: The course of XXXX in @entity308 during @entity34 : a latent class analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'unipolar depressive disorder', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['ECT', 'electroconvulsive therapy']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To find new serum biomarkers in the serum of @entity995 ( @entity995 ) @entity1 with surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) and protein chip technique. METHODS: SELDI-TOF-MS and IMAC30 and CM10 protein chips were used to analyze the protein profiles from serum of 18 @entity1 with @entity995 and 17 age-matched controls. The protein profiling was analyzed statistically by Ciphergen protein chip software 3.0.2. The t-test was applied to compare the protein peak intensity. Fisher ratio-test was used to compare the predominance of differential protein peaks appeared in @entity1 . RESULTS: With IMAC30 protein chips, there were 26 proteins appearing differently in serum of @entity1 with @entity995 compared to normal @entity1 . Among them, 21 proteins, i.e. 7746, 70146, 117136, 30496, 70846, 72,996, 5889, 2544, 12575, 5489, 9658, 9575, 9929, 10161, 8955, 1886, 10617, 6209, 2411, 7374, 6614 m/z were up-regulated and 5 proteins, i.e. 8383, 7923, 7972, 8590, 66576 m/z, down-regulated (P < 0.001). Using the 7014 m/z protein peak, we could differentiate the @entity1 with @entity995 from the healthy @entity1 with a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 82.4%. By CM10 protein chips, 4 proteins, including 3 up-regulated proteins (5890, 6097, 7798 m/z) and one down-regulated protein (8593 m/z), were detected in @entity995 @entity1 (P < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 70.6% respectively for 7 798 m/z protein. CONCLUSION: There are a few candidates of @entity995 biomarkers in the serum of @entity995 @entity1 . SELDI Protein Chip technology could be a potential method in the clinical screening test of @entity995 .

title: [Detection of serum biomarkers for XXXX using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization protein chip system].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'Rb']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: Ten @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ) were heterotransplated into athymic ( @entity19 . Eight of the @entity5 (80%) grew and were serially passaged as many as 20 times. The histology of the primary heterotransplants resembled that of the surgically excised @entity5 (seven classical and one anaplastic). Histological examination of serial passages of the classical @entity3969 demonstrated the tendency of the stromal and tubular components to disappear. The @entity5 , however, maintained histological features identical to the @entity5 through all passages examined. One @entity3969 cell line that exhibited a prominent skeletal muscle component failed to grow beyond the third passage. Spontaneous glomerular differentiation was noted in several heterotransplants. The site of transplantation (subcutaneous, peritoneal, or renal capsule) had no effect on the differentiation of the @entity5 , and attempts to produce intravenous metastases were unsuccessful. Unilateral nephrectomy of @entity3969 -bearing @entity19 gave a transient increase in pulse labeling of the @entity5 with @entity1603 , a @entity1014 analogue, compared with sham-operated controls or @entity19 bearing Ewings' @entity242 heterotransplants. The increased labeling of @entity5 nuclei reached a maximum at 48 h. Similar increased labeling was observed in the remaining kidney following unilateral nephrectomy. These data show that although @entity3969 is a @entity5 , its cells retain the capacity to respond to physiological signals resulting from nephrectomy and that differentiation cannot be modulated by the site of heterotransplantation or serial passage in athymic @entity19 .

title: Growth characteristics of human XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'malignant neoplasm', 'tumors', 'anaplastic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumors", 'WT']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: To determine the prevalence of @entity170 risk factors and the probability of physician risk recognition and intervention, the medical records of a cohort of 243 @entity1 aged 40 to 65 years were reviewed retrospectively. A historical cohort design was used. Risk factors present before the start of the study were identified. @entity170 recognition (discussion, problem list), @entity170 specific intervention (counseling about risk, or @entity172 or @entity460 supplementation), or nonspecific intervention (dietary, exercise, smoking, or @entity167 counseling) were recorded over a 3-year follow-up period. Seventy-four percent of the @entity1 had two or more risk factors. The most common were perimenopausal or postmenopausal status (73%) and absence of @entity172 supplementation (ever) (65%). During the period of the study, 46 @entity1 (19%) had received an @entity170 -specific intervention. One hundred eleven @entity1 (46%) had received one of the above or a less specific intervention. The medical records of only 25 @entity1 (10%) documented an assessment of @entity170 risk. Only menopausal status predicted @entity170 intervention, and the probability of intervention decreased as the total number of risk factors increased. The data identify three groups of @entity1 who could benefit from increased risk-reduction strategies: premenopausal @entity1 , perimenopausal or postmenopausal @entity1 who have never previously taken supplemental @entity172 , and @entity1 with multiple risk factors.

title: The prevalence of XXXX risk factors and physician intervention.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis risk', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: A Phase I study of bacterially synthesized recombinant @entity1 @entity2841 (rhGM-CSF) was undertaken in 21 @entity1 with advanced @entity5 or @entity1398 . rhGM-CSF was administered once daily by i.v. bolus injection (0.3 to 3 micrograms/kg/day) or 2-h i.v. infusion (3 to 20 micrograms/kg day) for 10 days. rhGM-CSF at all i.v. doses caused an immediate transient decrease in circulating @entity5309 , eosinophils, and monocytes. By 6 h after rhGM-CSF, circulating leukocyte levels were restored. Daily i.v. bolus dosing (0.3 to 3 micrograms/kg/day) did not elevate leukocyte levels except in one @entity1398 @entity1 . Daily 2-h i.v. infusions (10 to 20 micrograms/kg/day) caused a dose-dependent @entity491 with increased levels of @entity5309 (up to 4.3-fold), eosinophils (up to 18-fold), and monocytes (up to 3.5-fold). Marrow aspirates showed increased proportions of promyelocytes and myelocytes during rhGM-CSF administration. Retreatment after 10 days without rhGM-CSF resulted in a more marked @entity491 at doses greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/kg/day. Platelet levels decreased for the first 3 days and then increased during the first course of rhGM-CSF administration. Two @entity1 with @entity1072 had a transient @entity6113 . Serum @entity165 and albumin levels decreased, and @entity2186 levels increased during rhGM-CSF treatment. At doses of up to 15 micrograms/kg/day, rhGM-CSF was relatively well tolerated by the @entity1 , but adverse effects included @entity158 , lethargy, @entity221 , @entity1910 , and @entity1017 . A first dose reaction characterized by @entity519 and @entity551 was identified at dose levels greater than or equal to 1 microgram/kg. Dosing i.v. was less potent at inducing a @entity491 than previously observed for equivalent s.c. doses and was associated with a higher incidence of generalized @entity1910 and first dose reactions. The maximal tolerated dose of i.v. rhGM-CSF was 15 micrograms/kg/day. Phase II studies in which the derived effect is to raise leukocyte levels should be undertaken at rhGM-CSF doses of 3 to 15 micrograms/kg/day.

title: Phase I study of intravenously administered bacterially synthesized XXXX and comparison with subcutaneous administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5309 :: ('MESH:C564275', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophils']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: In this study we retrospectively examined the results of surgery for @entity8 and analysed the factors that may affect postoperative blood pressure response, changes in renal function and late mortality. A total of 326 @entity1 were operated on over a 15 year period and were followed up for periods from 4 to 165 months (mean follow-up time: 37.2 months). An extra renal vascular area was also involved in 91.4% of cases and in 187 (57.3%) a significant involvement of both renal arteries was found and simultaneously treated. Combined revascularisation of other arteries was performed in 50.3% of @entity1 . The indications for surgery were the treatment of extreme @entity101 in 243 @entity1 (74.5%), the improvement of renal function in 45 with @entity177 , and preservation of the kidney in 38 (11.7%). The preferred method of reconstruction was transaortic endarterectomy (236 cases, i.e. 72.4%) and postoperative angiography demonstrated a normal patent renal artery in 319 of 338 studied renal arteries (94.4%). There were no deaths in the early postoperative period after isolated renal artery reconstruction. Of the 164 @entity1 with simultaneous renal and aortic reconstruction however 14 died during the early postoperative phase. The overall early mortality was thus 4.3% (14 out of 326 @entity1 ) and correlated significantly with the extent of the @entity731 , the age of the @entity1 , the operative technique used and the different intra- and postoperative management during the two different periods of our experience (1974-1980 v. 1981-1989).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Results of surgical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renal artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic renovascular occlusive disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-dose @entity1199 ( @entity2033 @entity1199 ) is known to produce durable responses in @entity320 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of @entity320 to treatment with @entity2033 @entity1199 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on all adult @entity1 with @entity320 treated with @entity2033 @entity1199 from January 2000 to October 2008 at the University of Minnesota. @entity2033 @entity1199 was given intravenously every 8 hours at 600,000 IU/kg for a maximum of 14 doses per course. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity320 had been treated with @entity2033 @entity1199 . There were 4 @entity1 exhibiting some response, with 1 complete response (CR), 1 partial response (PR), 1 @entity325 ( @entity325 ) and 2 @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Average @entity74 ( @entity74 ) was 5.67 months. Two @entity1 had complete resolution of @entity75 after @entity2033 @entity1199 therapy. One of these @entity1 experienced CR and is disease free 34 months after stopping therapy. The other @entity1 experienced @entity325 and is currently alive with disease, but without recurrence of @entity75 . Twelve out of the 15 @entity1 received 2 courses of therapy. Common grade (G) 3 and 4 adverse events included: @entity3638 (G 3=26.67%), @entity551 (G 3=6.67%, G 4=6.67%), @entity4 (G 3=26.67%), and @entity3126 (G 3=13.33%). CONCLUSION: We propose further evaluation of @entity2033 @entity1199 in @entity1 with brain metastases because this @entity1 population is typically considered ineligible for @entity2033 @entity1199 therapy.

title: Single-institution outcome of high-dose @entity1199 ( XXXX @entity1199 ) therapy for @entity320 and analysis of favorable response in brain metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral edema']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mixed response']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['time to disease progression', 'TTDP']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma', 'stage IV melanoma']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['HD']


abstract: PURPOSE: Few studies have examined the co-morbidity between @entity22 and @entity25 @entity1353 in the clinical setting. This study evaluated treatment-seeking @entity22 @entity1 and their self-report of @entity387 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 1,035 consecutive treatment-seeking, @entity22 @entity1 who reported @entity22 as their primary problem upon seeking care at a private, community-based sleep medical center. Measurements included the @entity22 severity index, standard subjective sleep measures as well as rankings, attributions, and self-reports about @entity387 , problems, and symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 1,035 adult, treatment-seeking @entity22 @entity1 indicated @entity22 interfered with daytime functioning, and their average @entity22 severity was in the range of a clinically relevant problem: total sleep time (5.50 h, SD   =   1.60), sleep efficiency (71.05 %, SD   =   18.26), wake time after sleep onset (120.70 min, SD   =   92.56), and an @entity22 severity index (18.81, SD   =   5.09). Of these 1,035 @entity22 @entity1 , 42 % also ranked a @entity387 among their list of reasons for seeking treatment, another 13 % revealed a concern about a sleep @entity1353 problem, and another 26 % reported awareness of @entity387 . Only 19 % of this clinical @entity22 sample reported no awareness or concerns about @entity387 , problems, or symptoms. A greater proportion of @entity1 than @entity1 reported significantly more @entity387 , problems, or symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep @entity1353 complaints were extremely common among a large sample of treatment-seeking, self-identified, adult @entity22 @entity1 . Prospective prevalence research is needed to corroborate or revise these findings, and polysomnography should be considered in appropriate cohorts to determine the clinical relevance of treatment-seeking @entity22 @entity1 ' @entity387 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX reported by treatment-seeking chronic insomnia disorder @entity1 on presentation to a sleep medical center: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep breathing disorder', 'sleep breathing complaints', 'sleep breathing symptoms', 'sleep breathing disorders']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia', 'chronic insomnia']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep breathing complaints']


abstract: A 78-year-old @entity1 with developmental disturbance of the genital organs and @entity14136 was reported. He also had a high pitched voice, thickness of the lower lip and @entity1513 of the thorax. He seemed to be fretful, but his intelligence was normal. Neurological tests revealed @entity1805 and decreased tendon reflexes. A plain skull radiograph clearly showed an egg shaped calcified mass extending upward from the sella turcica which resembled a ballooning shape. Brain CTs showed a high density round mass which expanded the sella turcica and raised the floor of the third ventricle. The inner part of the @entity5 showed irregular high density. T1-weighted MR imaging revealed an iso signal intensity, and T2 showed low signal intensity in the mass. These findings strongly supported the diagnosis of @entity730 . Endocrinological study showed @entity7961 caused by the @entity5 compressing the @entity4611 . The main reasons why there were no apparent symptoms of @entity4614 were because the receptors were up-regulated and secondarily because the thyroid and the adrenal cortical functions decreased while struggling to maintain balance with each other. There was also a possibility that these symptoms might have been masked by normal aging. Benign monoclonal hypergammopathy was also indicated, although we could not find a clear correlation between this finding and others.

title: [A case of an aged @entity1 suspected of craniopharyngioma with a chief symptom of @entity14136 accompanied with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcificated craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary gland and the hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity14136 :: ('MESH:D005058', 'Disease') :: ['eunuchoidism']

answer: @entity7961 :: (MESH:C580003,Disease) :: ['panhypopituitarism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increasing life expectancy in most European countries has resulted in growth of the population 50 and older. This population is more susceptible to @entity166 because of immunosenescence, co-morbidity and general frailty. Thus, to promote healthy aging, vaccination against vaccine-preventable-diseases could be one strategy. In addition to its possible individual benefits, vaccination may also yield social benefits, such as a lower overall cost of healthcare. Most European countries, however, offer only influenza vaccine although vaccines for @entity66 , @entity4091 , @entity5695 , and @entity99 are also available. Our aim is to review the knowledge of these vaccines for @entity1 aged 50 and older and explore the arguments for expanding current vaccination programmes beyond just influenza. METHODS: The evaluation model of Kimman et al. was used to assess @entity4091 , @entity66 , @entity5695 and @entity99 in terms of four domains: pathogen, vaccine, disease outcomes and cost-effectiveness. The sources were Dutch surveillance systems, seroprevalence studies and the international literature. RESULTS: Herpes zoster, @entity66 and @entity5695 are prevalent among @entity1 aged 50 and older. Vaccines vary in effectiveness and have mild and self-limiting side effects. Vaccination against @entity66 and @entity5695 causes adaptation of the responsible pathogen. For @entity5695 and @entity99 , the vaccine is not registered specifically for the elderly population. Vaccination against @entity4091 and @entity5695 could improve quality of life, while vaccination against @entity66 and @entity99 prevents mortality. However, only vaccination against @entity4091 appear to be cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination can improve the health of the elderly population. As our review shows, however, the data are too incomplete to accurately judge its potential impact. More research is needed to determine how vaccination can most effectively improve the health of the growing population 50   years and older.

title: Assessment of vaccine candidates for XXXX aged 50 and older: a review.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster', 'herpes zoster and pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6391 is characterized by the sequential loss of rod and cone photoreceptors. The preservation of cones would prevent @entity1939 due to their essential role in @entity1 vision. Rod-derived Cone Viability Factor is a thioredoxin-like protein that is secreted by rods and is involved in cone survival. To validate the activity of Rod-derived Cone Viability Factors (RdCVFs) as therapeutic agents for treating @entity6391 , we have developed e-conome, an automated cell counting platform for retinal flat mounts of rodent models of @entity6121 . This automated quantification method allows for faster data analysis thereby accelerating translational research. METHODS: An inverted fluorescent microscope, motorized and coupled to a CCD camera records images of cones labeled with fluorescent peanut agglutinin lectin on flat-mounted retinas. In an average of 300 fields per retina, nine Z-planes at magnification X40 are acquired after two-stage autofocus individually for each field. The projection of the stack of 9 images is subject to a threshold, filtered to exclude aberrant images based on preset variables. The cones are identified by treating the resulting image using 13 variables empirically determined. The cone density is calculated over the 300 fields. RESULTS: The method was validated by comparison to the conventional stereological counting. The decrease in cone density in @entity27763 @entity19 was found to be equivalent to the decrease determined by stereological counting. We also studied the spatiotemporal pattern of the degeneration of cones in the @entity27763 @entity19 and show that while the reduction in cone density starts in the central part of the retina, @entity6121 progresses at the same speed over the whole retinal surface. We finally show that for @entity19 with an inactivation of the Nucleoredoxin-like genes @entity31353 or @entity31354 encoding RdCVFs, the loss of cones is more pronounced in the ventral retina. CONCLUSION: The automated platform    -conome used here for @entity989 is a tool that can broadly accelerate translational research for @entity179 .

title: -conome: an automated tissue counting platform of cone photoreceptors for rodent models of ret XXXX

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['Retinitis pigmentosa', 'retinitis Pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity6121 :: ('MESH:C566719', 'Disease') :: ['cone degeneration']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disease']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accelerated partial breast irradiation using brachytherapy (APBIb) is an alternative to whole-breast irradiation (WBI) after breast-conserving surgery. We evaluated patterns of APBIb use with respect to 2009 American Society for Radiation Oncology consensus guidelines (ASTRO-G) in a population-based cohort. METHODS: From Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, we identified 138   815 American @entity1 with @entity0 diagnosed between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2007, who underwent WBI or APBIb after breast-conserving surgery and classified them as suitable, cautionary, or unsuitable for APBIb according to ASTRO-G criteria. Logistic regression was applied to study APBIb use overall and within each guideline category. All P values are from two-sided tests. RESULTS: Overall, 2.6% of @entity1 received APBIb, and 65.8% of them were classified as cautionary or unsuitable. APBIb was used by 5% of suitable, 3.4% of cautionary, and 1.6% of unsuitable @entity1 by ASTRO-G criteria (P < .001). APBIb use increased from 0.4% in 2000 to 6.6% in 2007 and varied widely (0%-7%) between localities. Variables associated with APBIb use among suitable @entity1 included other vs white race (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, P < .001), region (OR = 2.60-8.62, P < .001), and more recent year (OR = 20.3, P < .001). Among cautionary @entity1 , variables associated with APBIb use included black vs white race (OR = 0.76, P = .027), other vs white race (OR = 0.57, P < .001), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 0.75, P = .036), region (OR = 3.10-10.2, P < .001), nonmetropolitan or rural location (OR = 0.53, P = .012), and more recent year (OR = 17.6, P < .001). Among unsuitable @entity1 , black vs white race (OR = 0.77, P = .008), other vs white race (OR = 0.46, P < .001), region (OR = 3.33-21.6, P < .001), and more recent year (OR = 12.7, P < .001) were associated with APBIb use. CONCLUSIONS: APBIb after breast-conserving surgery has been rapidly adopted in the United States. Use varied by race, ethnicity, and widely by region, especially among @entity1 who may not be suitable for this radiation technique.

title: Accelerated partial breast irradiation using brachytherapy for XXXX : patterns in utilization and guideline concordance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) have recently been shown to lead to cellular differentiation by causing cell cycle arrest, but it is unknown whether similar events occur in differentiating promyeloid cells. @entity1583 progenitor cells undergo lineage-restricted differentiation, which is accompanied by expression of distinct maturation markers. Here we show that the classical growth factor insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity442 ) potently promotes @entity3875 -induced macrophage differentiation of promyeloid cells, as assessed by measurement of a coordinate increase in expression of the integrin alpha subunit @entity9536 , the CD14 lipopolysaccharide receptor, and the macrophage-specific esterase, @entity18617 esterase, as early as 24 h following initiation of terminal differentiation. Addition of @entity442 to cells undergoing @entity3875 -induced differentiation also leads to an early increase in expression of cyclin E, phosphorylation of the @entity995 suppressor protein, and a doubling of the cell number. Early expression of @entity9536 (24 h) is simultaneously accompanied by inhibition in the expression of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ). Cell cycle analysis with @entity2667 revealed that @entity9536 expression at 24 h following initiation of differentiation occurs at all phases of the cell cycle instead of only those cells arrested in G(0)/G(1). Similarly, development of a novel double-labeling intra- and extracellular flow-cytometric technique demonstrated that single cells expressing the mature leukocyte differentiation antigen @entity9536 can also incorporate the @entity1014 analog @entity1603 . Likewise, expression of the intracellular DNA polymerase delta cofactor/proliferating-cell nuclear antigen at 24 h is also simultaneously expressed with the surface marker @entity9536 , indicating that these cells continue to proliferate early in their differentiation program. Finally, at 24 h following induction of differentiation, @entity442 promoted a fourfold increase in the uptake of @entity665 by purified populations of @entity9536 -expressing cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the initial steps associated with terminal macrophage differentiation occur concomitantly with progression through the cell cycle and that these very early differentiation events do not require the accumulation of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ).

title: Elevated cyclin E levels, inactive @entity995 protein, and suppression of the @entity5438 ( XXXX ) inhibitor characterize early development of promyeloid cells into macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity18617 :: ('MESH:C027876', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-naphthyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['Hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma tumor']

answer: @entity13525 :: (1027,Gene) :: ['KIP1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Sarcoidosis is characterized by a @entity32 process, although bronchial airways are often involved. This study compares the cellular profiles of @entity910 ( @entity910 ), bronchial washing (BW), and BAL in newly diagnosed @entity370 @entity1 to those in control subjects, and examines whether inflammatory cell counts from @entity910 are correlated with inflammatory cell counts from BW and BAL in @entity370 @entity1 . @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: We recruited 15 untreated @entity1 with stage I and II @entity10070 and 12 healthy volunteers. Sputum was induced with @entity4372 saline solution in all individuals. Bronchoscopy was performed on a different occasion in all @entity1 and in five control subjects. RESULTS: Mean lymphocyte counts in @entity910 , BW, and BAL fluid from @entity370 @entity1 were significantly higher than in control subjects (9.4% vs 3.8%, p < 0.05; 12.6% vs 3.9%, p < 0.05; 24.1% vs 2.6%, p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, total cell count and percentage of epithelial cells in @entity910 were significantly higher in @entity370 @entity1 than in control subjects (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). In @entity370 @entity1 , comparison between different samples showed significantly higher percentages of macrophages in BW and BAL than in @entity910 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas the percentage of neutrophils was higher in @entity910 compared with BW and BAL (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Finally, the percentage of lymphocytes in @entity910 was significantly lower than that in BAL (p < 0.05) but not that in BW. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that, compared with @entity910 in healthy control subjects, @entity910 in untreated @entity10070 @entity1 contains more total cells, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells. Although the relative proportion of inflammatory cells in the three samples differed, lymphocyte counts in @entity910 were high. This finding suggests that @entity910 could be used as a valuable alternative to more conventional invasive techniques in clinical assessment of @entity10070 @entity1 .

title: Induced sputum in XXXX with newly diagnosed @entity370 : comparison with bronchial wash and BAL.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['induced sputum', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have characterized the organization, complexity, and expression of the porcine ( @entity12526 ) immunoglobulin lambda (IGL) light chain locus, which accounts for about half of antibody light chain usage in @entity1707 , yet is nearly totally unknown. Twenty-two IGL variable ( @entity27118 ) genes were identified that belong to seven subgroups. Nine genes appear to be functional. Eight possess stop codons, frameshifts, or both, and one is missing the V-EXON. Two additional genes are missing an essential @entity462 residue and are classified as ORF (open reading frame). The @entity27118 genes are organized in two distinct clusters, a constant (C)-proximal cluster dominated by genes similar to the @entity1 IGLV3 subgroup, and a C-distal cluster dominated by genes most similar to the @entity1 IGLV8 and IGLV5 subgroups. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the porcine IGLV8 subgroup genes have recently expanded, suggesting a particularly effective role in immunity to porcine-specific pathogens. Moreover, expression of @entity27118 genes is nearly exclusively restricted to the IGLV3 and IGLV8 genes. The constant locus comprises three tandem cassettes comprised of a joining (IGLJ) gene and a constant (IGLC) gene, whereas a fourth downstream IGLJ gene has no corresponding associated IGLC gene. Comparison of individual BACs generated from the same individual revealed polymorphisms in IGLC2 and several @entity27118 genes, indicating that allelic variation in @entity27118 further expands the porcine antibody light chain repertoire.

title: Organization, complexity and allelic diversity of the porcine ( XXXX ) immunoglobulin lambda locus.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['Sus scrofa domestica']

answer: @entity12526 :: (9825,Species) :: ['Sus scrofa domestica']


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is an @entity0 that is associated with a poor prognosis and for which no targeted therapies currently exist. In order to improve preclinical testing for @entity0 that relies primarily on using @entity1 xenografts in immunodeficient @entity19 , we have developed a novel immunocompetent syngeneic @entity19 @entity5 transplant model for basal-like triple-negative @entity0 . The C3(1)/SV40-T/t-antigen (C3(1)/Tag) @entity19 @entity5 model in the FVB/N background shares important similarities with @entity1 basal-like @entity0 . However, these @entity5 or derived cell lines are rejected when transplanted into wt FVB/ @entity19 , likely due to the expression of SV40 T-antigen. We have developed a sub-line of @entity19 (designated REAR @entity19 ) that carry only one copy of the C3(1)/Tag-antigen transgene resulting from a spontaneous transgene rearrangement in the original founder line. Unlike the original C3(1)/Tag @entity19 , REAR @entity19 do not develop @entity5 or other phenotypes observed in the original C3(1)/Tag @entity19 . REAR @entity19 are more immunologically tolerant to SV40 T-antigen driven @entity5 and cell lines in an FVB/N background (including @entity263 from @entity14913 @entity19 ), but are otherwise immunologically intact. This transplant model system offers the ability to synchronously implant the C3(1)/Tag @entity5 -derived M6 cell line or individual C3(1)/ @entity5 from various stages of @entity5 development into the mammary fat pads or tail veins of REAR @entity19 . C3(1)/ @entity5 or M6 cells implanted into the mammary fat pads spontaneously @entity3 at a high frequency to the lung and liver. M6 cells injected by tail vein can form brain metastases. We demonstrate that irradiated M6 @entity5 cells or the same cells expressing @entity2304 can act as a vaccine to retard @entity5 growth of @entity5 cells in the REAR model. Preclinical studies performed in animals with an intact immune system should more authentically replicate treatment responses in @entity1 @entity1 .

title: Development and Preclinical Application of an Immunocompetent Transplant Model of Basal XXXX with Lung, Liver and Brain @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive subtype of breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'Triple negative breast cancer', 'TNBC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'implanted tumor', 'Tag tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'N mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: We studied the effects of @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ), a toxic metabolite of @entity63 , on the inward rectifier @entity972 channel current in isolated @entity840 ventricular cells. @entity15002 (10-50 microM) added to the external solution decreased the resting membrane potential and occasionally induced repetitive action potential discharges, with or without loss of repolarization. In voltage clamp studies, @entity15002 (20 microM) decreased the conductance at the levels of resting potentials (approximately equal to -80 mV) from 26 +/- 8 nS to 16 +/- 3 nS (mean and SD, n = 4) within 10 min. Prolonged application of @entity15002 (greater than 12 min) produced transient inward currents after depolarizing clamp pulses, thereby suggesting that the @entity15002 elevated intracellular @entity141 concentrations. The effect of @entity15002 on the single inward rectifier K channel current was examined using the patch clamp technique in a cell-attached mode. @entity15002 decreased the single channel conductance, depending on the concentration (5-100 microM). The slope conductance in the presence of 150 mM K+ in the pipette decreased from 45 +/- 7 pS (control) to 32 +/- 17, 20 +/- 19, and 14 +/- 10 pS for 5, 20 and 100 microM @entity15002 , respectively. @entity15002 induced little change with regard to probability of the channel opening. These results suggest that @entity15002 depolarizes membrane by decreasing single channel conductance of the inward rectifier K channel. This reduction partially contributes to the alleged @entity15002 -induced abnormal automaticities and conduction disturbances in the heart.

title: Effects of XXXX on resting @entity972 conductance of isolated @entity840 ventricular cells.

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity6579 :: (MESH:D008244,Chemical) :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']


abstract: @entity565 is a chronic @entity32 characterized by @entity5143 accompanied with frequent coughing, the pathogenesis of which is not clear. In healthy adults deep inspirations (DIs) provide a protective effect against bronchoconstriction triggered by @entity2710 inhalation, which correlates with the number of accompanying cough efforts. The aim was to study the effect of deep nasal inspirations representing the voluntary equivalent of the sniff-like aspiration reflex on the @entity2951 -induced cough in @entity1 with mild @entity565 . The cough reflex sensitivity to @entity2951 was determined using a compressed air-driven nebulizer in 21 @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 of median age 13.3 year) suffering from mild @entity565 (FEV(1)   80%). The effect of five previous DIs through the nose was examined on the elicitability of two and five or more cough efforts (C2, C5). Under control conditions, the concentration of 20.86 (14.58-29.8)  mol/l of @entity2951 provoked two cough efforts (C2). After five DIs similar reaction required significantly higher concentrations of @entity2951 : 29.02 (18.88-44.6)  mol/l; P=0.016. Five or more cough efforts (C5) were not significantly changed after previous DIs 161.49 (77.31-337.33)  mol/l and without DIs 141.52 (68.77-291); P=0.54. A series of five deep inspirations decreases the cough reflex sensitivity to evoke two efforts (C2) in @entity1 with mild @entity565 . The inhibitory effect of similar @entity2402 after repeated applications of increasing doses of @entity2951 , aiming to evoke five or more cough efforts, suggesting a reflex character of protective effect of DIs.

title: Deep nasal inspirations increase the cough threshold in XXXX with mild @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['DIs disappeared']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasms']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive treatment modality that induces @entity39 of a deep @entity5 through the intact skin. This study was conducted to analyze and evaluate the complications of HIFU for the treatments of @entity157 . A total of 59 @entity1 with @entity157 , with a total of 72 lessions were enrolled in this study. @entity5 size ranged from 2.5 to 14.0 cm in diameter, with a mean diameter of 7.6 cm. All @entity1 had accepted HIFU treatment, and the median number of HIFU sessions was 1.32 per @entity1 . RESULTS: The common complications from HIFU therapy were skin burns of various grades (eight cases of grade 1 skin burns, 48 of grade 2, three cases of 3), and @entity158 in the treatment regions (15 cases of mild @entity158 , 37 cases of moderate @entity158 , 7 cased of severe @entity158 ). Other systemic complications were relatively rare and included @entity221 (5 cases), @entity101 (8 cases), @entity4710 (3 cases), mild @entity409 (48 cases), and mild mpairment of renal function (2 cases). @entity16 consisted of acute @entity2679 (2 cases), @entity811 (6 cases ), cholangiectasis (5 cases), light pericardial effusion (2 cases), @entity1897 (10 cases), @entity1143 in the right thorax (3 cases), and @entity73 (1 case). No gastric or intestinal tract perforation, big vessel rupture, or @entity99 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: HIFU is a minimally invasive treatment for @entity1 with @entity157 ; however, there are some @entity149 that should be taken into consideration in evaluating HIFU for therapeutic use.

title: Complications of high intensity focused ultrasound for XXXX with @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['complete coagulative necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of vertebral column']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Local damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of hepatic function']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and local complications']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic rupture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Thus far, in vivo mutagenic assays have detected organ-specific effects of @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) in a number of organs, but not in oral tissues and breast. Previous studies have shown that the @entity19 tongue is a target for tumorigenesis induced by @entity3015 when incorporated into feed, and @entity2555 are carcinogens in @entity19 mammary tissue. In order to evaluate the capacity of the lacZ @entity19 in vivo mutagenesis assay to detect mutations in these target tissues, we have measured mutagenesis induced by @entity3015 in breast and oral tissues. The oral tissue consisted of either tongue or a mixture of oral tissues from several sites in the oral cavity. @entity3015 was more mutagenic in breast tissue than in most other organs tested (liver, lung and kidney) when administered at relatively high dose by gavage, and more mutagenic than in liver, but not lung, at low dose. When administered in an emulsion in drinking water, @entity3015 was more mutagenic in oral tissues than in liver, and somewhat less mutagenic than in lung. Regardless of dose, the mutagenic activity was greatest in colon where it was much higher than in other organs. A reasonable correlation was observed between mutagenesis observed here and @entity105 in previous studies although some differences were noted. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of in vivo mutagenesis in non- @entity5 mammary and oral tissue, and the results indicate these organs can efficiently metabolize @entity3015 to genotoxic products, although some transport of active metabolites from the liver cannot be ruled out. The lacZ @entity19 mutagenesis assay may represent a shorter term alternative to @entity105 assays for investigations of factors affecting initiation of @entity105 in mammary and oral tissues. However, it is less predictive of actual @entity5 formation.

title: Mutagenesis induced by XXXX in lacZ @entity19 mammary and oral tissues: comparisons with mutagenesis in other organs and relationships to previous carcinogenicity assays.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']


abstract: In severe cases, @entity50 can result in @entity450 and persistent @entity428 refractory to both conventional medical therapy and surgical decompression. The authors report a unique case of a @entity1 successfully treated with endovascular mechanical thrombolysis using balloon angioplasty for clinically significant posttraumatic @entity50 and review the reported treatments for cerebral @entity432 . This 18-year-old @entity1 suffered severe @entity6075 from a fall while skateboarding. A head CT scan demonstrated basilar skull @entity174 involving the left jugular foramen. A CT angiogram revealed @entity50 . Despite treatment with anticoagulation therapy and decompressive hemi- and suboccipital craniectomies, @entity428 remained refractory. @entity432 . @entity661 of the left transverse and sigmoid sinuses resulted in immediate reduction of intracranial pressures and improved sinus patency. Intracranial pressure measurements remained low after the procedure. The @entity1 eventually improved neurologically, was able to follow commands and walk, and was discharged to a rehabilitation facility for further recovery. Anticoagulation therapy, surgical decompression, and endovascular thrombolysis have been reported as treatment modalities for clinically significant posttraumatic @entity50 . In this case, endovascular mechanical thrombolysis with balloon angioplasty resulted in resolution of @entity715 and successful immediate reduction of intracranial pressure. This treatment may be considered in @entity1 with critically @entity428 refractory to other treatment measures.

title: XXXX for treatment of posttraumatic @entity50 . Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure from posttraumatic venous sinus occlusion', 'intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head injury']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Endovascular balloon thrombolysis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus occlusive disease', 'Serial angiography demonstrated progressive sinus occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus thrombosis', 'posttraumatic cerebral sinus thrombosis', 'thrombosis of the left transverse sinus and occlusion of the sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['Endovascular balloon angioplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis for precocious puberty in a young female includes peripheral causes. This case documents a rare cause of peripheral precocious puberty--a juvenile granulosa and theca cell @entity43 --and a brief review of the literature for this @entity5 type. CASE: A 7-year-old @entity1 presented with rapid onset of pubertal development and elevated @entity53 levels. Menarche occurred 5 months after thelarche. A thorough workup revealed a large multicystic left ovary. Other causes of precocious puberty were excluded. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy. Pathology reported a juvenile @entity1777 , FIGO stage 1A. Postoperatively, she experienced a cessation of @entity3556 and @entity53 levels normalized. A literature review found that early stage disease has an excellent prognosis and that adjuvant chemotherapy is not indicated in this setting. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Juvenile @entity1777 is a rare cause of peripheral precocious puberty, even more so than juvenile granulosa cell @entity5 , due to the theca component. Treatment is surgical and an excellent prognosis is possible for early stage disease.

title: Juvenile XXXX as a rare cause of precocious puberty: case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1777 :: ('MESH:C537296', 'Disease') :: ['granulosa and theca cell tumor of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1777 :: (MESH:C537296,Disease) :: ['granulosa and theca cell tumor of the ovary']


abstract: One hundred five @entity1 with @entity157 were treated with @entity1496 131 antiferritin in three sequential protocols in phase 1-2 trials. Therapy began in all trials with external beam irradiation and chemotherapy. The dosimetric results with 131I antiferritin indicated that 30 mCi (8 to 10 mCi/mg immunoglobulin G [IgG]) was sufficient to saturate the @entity5 . Tumor-effective half-life of the radioactive antibody was 3 to 5 days and was dependent on the species of animal from which the antibody was derived. This led to a 30 mCi on day 0 and 20 mCi on day 5 treatment schedule. @entity137 was predominantly @entity882 . Due to clinical remission, cyclic therapy was next developed with antibodies from different species of animals. @entity95 , @entity1707 , monkey, and bovine antibodies were determined to produce the longest @entity5 -effective half-life and therefore the highest dose of radiation. Integration of 15 mg @entity632 and 500 mg @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) with 131I antiferritin was accomplished next. Remission to external beam radiation was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan @entity5 volume computations that indicated that 22% of the @entity1 had a partial remission (PR) from initial presentation to 1 month following external irradiation and chemotherapy. From the time of radioactive antibody administration, 48% of the @entity1 (7% complete response [CR] and 41% PR) achieved remission to 131I antiferritin. Of 79 @entity1 evaluated by CT scan @entity5 volumetrics 50% of the @entity1 (7% CR and 43% PR) remitted to the entire treatment regimen. @entity1 not previously treated and without @entity3 who were alpha fetoprotein positive ( @entity160 +) had a 5-month median survival compared with @entity160 - median survival of 10 1/2 months. There were four CRs with one being 3 years and 6 months. The longest PR was 5 years and 8 months. These studies have demonstrated the @entity137 and therapeutic activity of 131I antiferritin and the emerging role of radiolabelled antibody in @entity5 therapy.

title: @entity1496 131 antiferritin, a new treatment modality in XXXX : a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to evaluate, within unselected populations: the (1) performance of family history ( @entity10238 )-based models in predicting @entity5 risk; (2) overall benefits and harms associated with established @entity5 prevention interventions; (3) impact of @entity10238 -based risk information on the uptake of preventive interventions; and (4) potential for harms associated with collecting @entity5 @entity10238 . DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO were searched from 1990 to June 2008 inclusive. @entity5 guidelines and recommendations were searched from 2002 forward and systematic reviews from 2003 to June 2008. REVIEW METHODS: Standard systematic review methodology was employed. Eligibility criteria included English studies evaluating breast, @entity43 . Study designs were restricted to systematic review, experimental and diagnostic types. Populations were limited to those unselected for @entity5 risk. Interventions were limited to collection of @entity5 @entity10238 ; primary and/or secondary prevention interventions for breast, @entity43 . RESULTS: Accuracy of models. Seven eligible studies evaluated systems based on the Gail model, and on the @entity5 Risk Index. No evaluations demonstrated more than modest discriminatory accuracy at an individual level. No evaluations were identified relevant to @entity43 risk. Efficacy of preventive interventions. From 29 eligible systematic reviews, seven found no experimental studies evaluating interventions of interest. Of the remaining 22, none addressed @entity43 prevention. The reviews were generally based on limited numbers of randomized or controlled clinical trials. There was no evidence either to support or refute the use of selected chemoprevention interventions, there was some evidence of effectiveness for mammography and fecal occult blood testing. Uptake of intervention. Three studies evaluated the impact of @entity10238 -based risk information on uptake of clinical preventive interventions for @entity0 . The evidence is insufficient to draw conclusions on the effect of @entity10238 -based risk information on change in preventive behavior. Potential harms of @entity10238 taking. One uncontrolled trial evaluated the impact of @entity10238 -based @entity0 risk information on psychological outcomes and found no evidence of significant harm. CONCLUSIONS: Our review indicates a very limited evidence base with which to address all four of the research questions: 1) the few evaluations of @entity5 risk prediction models do not suggest useful individual predictive accuracy; 2) the experimental evidence base for primary and secondary @entity5 prevention is very limited; 3) there is insufficient evidence to assess the effect of @entity10238 -based risk assessment on preventive behaviors; 4) there is insufficient evidence to assess whether @entity10238 -based personalized risk assessment directly causes adverse outcomes.

title: Clinical utility of XXXX family history collection in primary care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Harvard Cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'colorectal, ovarian, or prostate cancers', 'ovarian or prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: HLA class I and II antigen expression in routinely processed @entity213 ( @entity213 ) primary lesions was evaluated. Paraffin embedded samples from 66 @entity957 and 7 @entity189 were studied immunohistochemically using recently developed anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) @entity29152 and @entity32555 , and anti-HLA-DR rabbit serum. Percent stained @entity5 cells were scored in 1 of 5 categories. The scores of 40 @entity5 were compared to the staining results obtained on frozen sections of the corresponding lesions, including those of the anti-class I MAb W6/32. High percentage-matched scores for paraffin and frozen sections were obtained, with @entity29152 vs. @entity29152 , @entity29152 vs. W6/32, and anti-HLA-DR vs. anti-HLA-DR showing the best correlations. In the @entity957 HLA class I expression was high (i.e., in 49/66 lesions more than 50% cells were stained), and correlated with the degree of differentiation, and inversely with the modified Jakobsson score. HLA class II expression (more than 5% cells stained) was found in 21/66 @entity5 and correlated inversely with the degree of differentiation. All @entity189 exhibited very high HLA class I expression, whereas class II was locally expressed in 5/7 lesions. Comparison of 4 subsites of @entity213 showed that @entity189 of the oral cavity had the highest HLA class I expression. This suggests susceptibility to CD8+ T cells, and together with the well developed submucosal lymphoid tissue, makes the oral @entity5 probably well suited for local immunotherapeutic approaches in @entity213 .

title: HLA antigen expression in routinely processed XXXX primary lesions of different sites.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cavity carcinomas', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if early serum @entity4483 and @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) levels are associated with neuroradiographic and clinical evidence of @entity1545 in newborns with @entity75 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 who received therapeutic whole-body @entity2332 were prospectively enrolled in this observational study. Serum specimens were collected at 0, 12, 24, and 72 hours of cooling. @entity4483 and @entity3508 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in surviving @entity1 at 7-10 days of life. Standardized neurologic examination was performed by a @entity1 neurologist at 14 days of life. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between @entity4483 and @entity3508 levels and unfavorable outcome ( @entity204 or severe magnetic resonance imaging injury/significant @entity51 ). Cutoff values were determined by receiver operating curve analysis. RESULTS: Newborns with moderate to severe @entity75 were enrolled (n = 75). Median pH at presentation was 6.9 (range, 6.5-7.35), and median Apgar scores of 1 at 1 minute, 3 at 5 minutes, and 5 at 10 minutes. @entity3508  and @entity4483 levels were higher in @entity1 with unfavorable outcomes across all time points. These results remained statistically significant after controlling for covariables, including @entity75 grade at presentation, Apgar score at 5 minutes of life, initial pH, and clinical @entity410 . CONCLUSION: Elevated serum @entity4483 and @entity3508 levels measured during @entity2332 were associated with neuroradiographic and clinical evidence of @entity1545 in encephalopathic newborns. These brain-specific proteins may be useful immediate biomarkers of @entity131 severity.

title: Biomarkers of XXXX in @entity75 treated with @entity2332 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: CONTEXT: A summary of the 2nd International Consultation on Bladder @entity5 recommendations on the reconstructive options after radical cystectomy (RC), their outcomes, and their complications. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding indications, surgical details, postoperative care, complications, functional outcomes, as well as quality-of-life measures of @entity1 with different forms of urinary diversion (UD). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: An English-language literature review of data published between 1970 and 2012 on @entity1 with UD following RC for @entity150 was undertaken. No randomized controlled studies comparing conduit diversion with neobladder or continent cutaneous diversion have been performed. Consequently, almost all studies used in this report are of level 3 evidence. Therefore, the recommendations given here are grade C only, meaning expert opinion delivered without a formal analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Indications and @entity1 selection criteria have significantly changed over the past 2 decades. Renal function impairment is primarily caused by obstruction. Complications such as stone formation, urine outflow, and obstruction at any level must be recognized early and treated. In @entity1 with orthotopic bladder substitution, daytime and nocturnal continence is achieved in 85-90% and 60-80%, respectively. Continence is inferior in elderly @entity1 with orthotopic reconstruction. Urinary retention remains significant in female @entity1 , ranging from 7% to 50%. CONCLUSIONS: RC and subsequent UD have been assessed as the most difficult surgical procedure in urology. Significant disparity on how the surgical complications were reported makes it impossible to compare postoperative morbidity results. Complications rates overall following RC and UD are significant, and when strict reporting criteria are incorporated, they are much higher than previously published. Fortunately, most complications are minor (Clavien grade 1 or 2). Complications can occur up to 20 yr after surgery, emphasizing the need for lifelong monitoring. Evidence suggests an association between surgical volume and outcome in RC; the challenge of optimum care for elderly @entity1 with comorbidities is best mastered at high-volume hospitals by high-volume surgeons. Preoperative @entity1 information, @entity1 selection, surgical techniques, and careful postoperative follow-up are the cornerstones to achieve good long-term results.

title: ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder XXXX 2012: Urinary diversion.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']