abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a huge unmet need to understand and treat pathological @entity73 . The development of disease modifying @entity73 is hindered by the lack of correct pathomechanism and suitable animal models. Most animal models to study cognition and pathology do not fulfil either the predictive validity, face validity or construct validity criteria, and also outcome measures greatly differ from those of @entity1 trials. Fortunately, some pharmacological agents such as @entity5591 evoke similar effects on cognition and cerebral circulation in rodents and @entity1 and functional MRI enables us to compare cognitive agents directly in different species. In this paper we report the validation of a @entity5591 based rodent pharmacological MRI provocation model. The effects of deemed procognitive agents ( @entity8124 , @entity53537 , @entity2475 , alpha 7 selective cholinergic compounds @entity60535 , @entity2511 ) were compared on the blood- @entity26 -level dependent responses and also linked to rodent cognitive models. These drugs revealed significant effect on @entity5591 induced blood- @entity26 -level dependent change except for @entity2475 . In the water labyrinth test only @entity2511 did not show a significant effect. This provocational model is suitable for testing procognitive compounds. These functional MR imaging experiments can be paralleled with @entity1 studies, which may help reduce the number of false cognitive clinical trials.

title: XXXX provocation-based pharmacological MRI model for testing procognitive agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive enhancers', 'cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity53537 :: ('MESH:C013983', 'Chemical') :: ['vinpocetine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['piracetam']

answer: @entity5591 :: (MESH:D012601,Chemical) :: ['Scopolamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Studies have provided evidence regarding the pathology of the thalamus in @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). The thalamus, particularly the right thalamus, is one of the subcortical structures that are most uniformly accepted as being significantly involved in alertness. Moreover, @entity73 in @entity302 has been reported. This study aimed to investigate alterations in thalamic resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and their relationships with alertness performance in @entity1 with @entity1315 ; an issue that has not yet been addressed. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 with right @entity1315 (rTLE) and 16 healthy controls were recruited for the present study. All of the @entity1 underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and the attention network test (ANT). Whole-brain voxel-wise FC analyses were applied to extract the thalamic resting-state functional networks in the @entity1 with rTLE and healthy controls, and the differences between the two groups were evaluated. Correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships between alterations in thalamic FC and alertness performance in @entity1 with rTLE. RESULTS: Compared to the healthy controls, the FC within and between the bilateral thalamus was decreased in the @entity1 with rTLE. Moreover, in the @entity1 group, the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and subcortical regions, including the bilateral brainstem, cerebellum, putamen, right caudate nucleus, and amygdala, exhibited decreased FC with the ipsilateral thalamus (p<0.05, AlphaSim corrected, cluster size>44) but not with the contralateral thalamus (p<0.05, AlphaSim corrected, cluster size>43). The intrinsic and phasic alertness performances of the @entity1 were impaired (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) but not correlated with decreased thalamic FC. Meanwhile, the alertness performance was not altered in right @entity1315 but was negatively correlated with decreased thalamic FC with ACC (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the functional importance of the thalamus in @entity1315 pathology and suggest that damage to the thalamic resting-state functional networks, particularly ipsilateral to the epileptogenic focus, is present in @entity1 with @entity1315 .

title: XXXX : Decreased thalamic resting-state functional connectivity and their relationships with alertness performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['alertness impairment']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['Temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endarterectomy represents a therapeutical option for @entity1 with advanced @entity453 . The mid-term results are compromised by @entity256 due to @entity8233 formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new treatment concept - endarterectomy with consecutive gamma-irradiation - in a @entity35 model. METHODS: Male @entity35 underwent left carotid endarterectomy with removal of intima: control (n=10) or were irradiated with 15 Gray (Gy) (n=13) or 20 Gy (n=10) postoperatively and compared with sham-operated @entity35 (n=10). After 3 weeks, carotid arteries were perfusion-fixed and vessel compartment areas were measured. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining were used to confirm @entity8233 formation. RESULTS: Three weeks after endarterectomy, @entity1373 was found in the control group (0.07+/-0.04 mm(2)). After irradiation, a dose-dependent @entity8233 was observed (0.003 mm(2) at 15 Gy and 0.0007 mm(2) at 20 Gy, P<0.0001). However, immunohistochemical staining revealed that thin re-endothelialization after irradiation was not inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma-irradiation significantly suppressed @entity1373 in a @entity35 model of surgical endarterectomy. Despite inhibition of intimal @entity1373 , re-endothelialization after adjuvant brachytherapy was present. Adjuvant brachytherapy may be therefore a new concept to prevent @entity256 after endarterectomy in @entity1 .

title: Adjunct brachytherapy: a new concept to prevent intimal XXXX after surgical endarterectomy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['neointimal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of neointima', 'neointima']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: Long-term synaptic enhancement in the hippocampus has been suggested to cause deficits in spatial performance. Synaptic enhancement has been reported after hippocampal kindling that induced repeated @entity410 (ADs) and after long-term potentiation (LTP) defined as synaptic enhancement without ADs. We studied whether repeated stimulations that gave LTP or ADs resulted in spatial performance deficits on the radial arm maze (RAM) and investigated the minimal number of ADs required for such deficits. Three experimental groups were run as follows: (1) 5 hippocampal ADs in 1 d (5- @entity195 group), (2) 10 hippocampal ADs in 2 d (10- @entity195 group), and (3) 12 -frequency primed-burst stimulations (PBSs) in 2 d in order to induce LTP without ADs (LTP group). Each experimental group was run together with a control group during the same time period. @entity35 were first trained in a spatial task on a radial arm maze with four of the eight arms baited, then given control or experimental treatment, and maze performance was tested in the first week (1-4 d) and fourth week (22-25 d) after treatment. Basal dendritic population excitatory postsynaptic potentials (pEPSPs) and medial perforant path (MPP)-evoked dentate gyrus population spike and polysynaptic @entity1249 excitation were recorded before and after experimental and control treatment. Spatial @entity2414 , in particular reference @entity2414 , were significantly higher in the 10- @entity195 kindled group than any other group on the first and fourth week after treatment. Spatial @entity2414 were not significantly different in the 5- @entity195 and LTP groups as compared with any control groups at any time. Basal dendritic pEPSP in @entity1249 was enhanced for about 1 wk after 12 PBSs, 10 ADs, or 5 ADs, while the dentate gyrus population spike and @entity1249 polysynaptic excitation evoked by @entity9016 was increased for up to 4 wk after 10 ADs, but not 12 PBSs. Thus, distributed alteration of multiple synaptic transmission in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit, but not LTP at the basal dendritic synapses in @entity1249 , may disrupt spatial performance after 10 hippocampal ADs.

title: Hippocampal XXXX kindling but not long-term potentiation disrupts spatial memory performance.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['electrographic seizures or afterdischarges']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory errors']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: Because the immune response appears important in the pathogenesis of @entity15 , anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs and agents are used as a palliative treatment. @entity500 alone is minimally efficacious and probably not worth the bother and risk. @entity786 alone is too toxic. Although @entity205 may slow the rate of deterioration in chronic progressive @entity15 , adverse effects may limit its use outside major centers. Gamma interferon provokes exacerbations and should not be used. We do not recommend copolymer-1, alpha or beta interferon, monoclonal antibodies, plasmapheresis, and total lymphoid irradiation except in well-designed experimental protocols. Combination therapy of adrenal cortical @entity230 (ACS) with other immunosuppressants ( @entity786 or @entity205 ) merits further study. We think "pulse" synthetic ACS therapy has advantages over corticotropin and will become the "standard of care" for exacerbations. We also would try it for chronic progression. Even then, with the pulse treatment we still must determine the optimum dose, route, duration, and need for "taper."

title: The peculiar difficulties of therapeutic trials for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung maturation can be disrupted through pro-inflammatory processes including intra-uterine @entity281 , mechanical ventilation, or oxidative stress. Lincr, originally identified as a gene induced in the lung by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is also expressed in the developing lung. The Lung-inducible @entity59946 -related C3HC4 RING domain (LINCR) protein is structurally related to @entity238 @entity59946 , a regulator of the developmentally important Notch signaling pathway. LINCR is expressed in alveolar epithelial type II cells in the mature lung, and its expression is markedly increased by LPS and inflammatory cytokines. To test the hypothesis that targeted overexpression of LINCR in lung epithelium would interfere with normal lung development, we generated double @entity19 that conditionally overexpress LINCR in lung epithelium under the control of @entity3403 . RESULTS: Single transgenic controls and double @entity19 not treated with @entity3403 were unaffected, but double @entity19 exposed to @entity3403 starting at embryonic day 6 developed markedly hypoplastic lungs with decreased numbers of alveoli and large cysts lined with a proximalized and poorly differentiated epithelium expressing Hairy/Enhancer of Split 1, an effector of Notch signaling. The phenotype was similar to that caused by overexpression of activated @entity5234 in lung epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: LINCR may exert its effects on distal lung development in this model through activation of the Notch signaling pathway. Developmental Dynamics, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Overexpression of LINCR in the developing XXXX lung epithelium inhibits distal differentiation and induces cystic changes.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic infection']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In 1985 the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) subdivided Stage IA cervical @entity5 and specified metric criteria to demarcate Stage IA from Stage IB. Early stromal invasion (Stage @entity9216 ) denotes the first invasive protrusions of a @entity189 in situ into the stroma. @entity7172 (Stage @entity9217 ) are small @entity5 a number of orders of magnitude larger than Stage @entity9216 lesions and with a maximum depth of invasion of 5 mm and a maximum horizontal spread of 7 mm; larger lesions are classified as Stage IB. This study reviews 486 @entity1 previously classified as having Stage IA disease. This yielded 344 Stage @entity9216 and 101 Stage @entity9217 lesions; 41 @entity5 were reclassified as Stage IB. Three hundred nine, 89, and 38 @entity1 were followed for greater than or equal to 5 years. One (0.3%) @entity1 with Stage @entity9216 disease re-presented with Stage IIB disease 12 years after conization. Five (5.6%) @entity1 with Stage @entity9217 lesions developed invasive recurrences; three died. None of the 38 @entity1 reclassified as having a Stage IB lesion, including 16 who were treated conservatively, developed a recurrence. The FIGO classification is not a guideline for treatment. Stage @entity9216 lesions can be treated conservatively, but treatment in Stage @entity9217 must be individualized. Risk factors such as vascular space involvement and confluency are of high sensitivity but low specificity.

title: XXXX of the uterine cervix (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['Microcarcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Microinvasive carcinoma']


abstract: Selective @entity2247 inhibitors (coxibs) are approved for the relief of acute @entity158 and symptoms of chronic inflammatory conditions such as @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). They have similar pharmacological properties but a slightly improved gastrointestinal (GI) safety profile if compared to traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs). However, long-term use of coxibs can be associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) adverse events (AEs). For this reason, two coxibs were withdrawn from the market. Currently @entity12698 , @entity14296 , and @entity24846 are used. These three coxibs differ in their chemical structure and selectivity for @entity2247 , which might explain some of their pharmacological features. Following oral administration, the less lipophilic @entity12698 has a lower bioavailability (20-40%) than the other two coxibs (74-100%). All are eliminated by hepatic metabolism involving mainly @entity5060 ( @entity12698 , @entity24846 ) and @entity5322 ( @entity14296 ). Elimination half-life varies from 5 to 8 h ( @entity24846 ), 11 to 16 h ( @entity12698 ) and 19 to 32 h ( @entity14296 ). In @entity1 with @entity409 , plasma levels of @entity12698 and @entity14296 are increased about two-fold. Clinical efficacies of the coxibs are comparable to tNSAIDs. There is an ongoing discussion about whether the slightly better GI tolerability (which is lost if @entity117 is coadministered) of the coxibs is offset by their elevated risks for @entity65 (also seen with tNSAIDs other than @entity1623 ), which apparently increase with dose and duration of exposure. In addition, the higher costs for coxibs (if compared to tNSAIDs, even when a "gastroprotective" proton pump inhibitor is coadministered) should be taken into consideration, if a coxib will be selected for certain @entity1 with a high risk for @entity344 . For such treatment, the lowest effective dose should be used for a limited time. Monitoring of kidney function and blood pressure appears advisable. It is hoped that further controlled studies can better define the therapeutic place of the coxibs.

title: Clinical use and pharmacological properties of selective XXXX inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity14296 :: ('MESH:C422649', 'Chemical') :: ['etoricoxib']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI complications']

entities_list: @entity24846 :: ('MESH:C473384', 'Chemical') :: ['lumiracoxib']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 is a common @entity272 that most often begins in infancy. Sleep disturbances in @entity1 with @entity483 are likely due to itching and scratching and not only impact the afflicted @entity1 but may also affect the entire family. Sleep characteristics in young @entity1 with @entity483 and their families have not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity25 and cosleeping in young @entity1 with @entity483 and evaluate the association between sleep characteristics and features of the disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: Parents of 300 @entity1 ranging in age from birth to 6 years with @entity483 responded to 4 questions about sleep characteristics of their @entity1 and family. Analyses determined the prevalence of reported @entity25 and cosleeping, and their association with features of the @entity1 and disease severity. RESULTS: @entity25 attributed to @entity483 was common; most parents (> 60%) reported that the @entity1909 affected how well they or their @entity1 slept. Cosleeping because of the @entity272 was reported by 30% of families, and most of these parents (66%) were bothered by the cosleeping. @entity25 and cosleeping were directly associated with severity of @entity483 and with the degree to which parents reported that the @entity483 affected the @entity1 and family's happiness. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disturbances were more common in @entity1 with @entity483 than have been reported in @entity1 overall. These results demonstrate important sequelae of a very common childhood condition that warrant further investigation and the development of intervention strategies.

title: The price of pruritus: @entity25 and cosleeping in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'Atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition', 'skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disturbance', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: @entity170 and @entity2331 have been reported frequently in @entity1 with @entity29 , most notably @entity30 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of @entity170 in @entity1 with @entity30 . METHODS: Prospective study of 56 @entity1 with @entity30 , 34 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 with a mean age of 32 +/- 10.4 years (18-54 years) and no history of disorders known to influence bone metabolism. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) were obtained at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. A multivariate model including those factors significantly associated with low BMD in the univariate analysis was used to identify independent risk factors. RESULTS: @entity170 was found in 35.7% and @entity2331 in 23.2% of @entity1 . Low BMD was significantly associated with low body mass index (BMI), colonic involvement, and glucocorticoid therapy. Low BMI was an independent risk factor for low BMD. Malnutrition with BMI < or =18 kg/m2 was noted in 21 @entity1 , of whom 76.2% had low BMD values, as compared to 48.6% of the @entity1 whose BMI was >18 kg/m2 (P = 0.03, odds ratio = 3.4). CONCLUSION: Among risk factors for @entity604 in @entity1 with @entity30 , @entity3147 plays a prominent role that deserves attention when planning treatment programs.

title: XXXX and @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is the most useful tool for node staging in @entity320 . @entity1600 facilitates selective dissection of lymph nodes, that is, the performance of lymphadenectomy only in @entity1 with sentinel nodes positive for @entity3 . Our aim was to assess the cost of @entity1600 , given that this procedure has become the standard of care for @entity1 with @entity320 and must be performed whenever @entity1 are to be enrolled in clinical trials. Furthermore, the literature on the economic impact of @entity1600 in Spain is scarce. METHOD: From 2007 to 2010, we prospectively collected data for 100 @entity1 undergoing @entity1600 followed by transhilar bivalving and multiple-level sectioning of the node for histology. Our estimation of the cost of the technique was based on official pricing and fee schedules for the Spanish region of Murcia. RESULTS: The rate of node-positive cases in our series was 20%, and the mean number of nodes biopsied was 1.96; 44% of the @entity1 in the series had thin @entity320 . The total cost was estimated at between    9486.57 and    10471.29. Histopathology accounted for a considerable portion of the cost (   5769.36). DISCUSSION: The cost of @entity1600 is high, consistent with amounts described for a US setting. Optimal use of @entity1600 will come with the increasingly appropriate selection of @entity1 who should undergo the procedure and the standardization of a protocol for histopathologic evaluation that is both sensitive and easy to perform.

title: Cost Analysis of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the urodynamic changes in @entity1 with recent @entity281 following radical hysterectomy and assess its significance. METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with @entity5 , who were not found any abnormal representation of urodynamics before the operation, were selected into this study group. Eighty-three @entity1 in the study group without @entity293 were detected by urodynamic examination following radical hysterectomy, in order to analyze the urodynamic reasons for the @entity281 following the surgery. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were found with @entity281 after the operation. @entity1494 , @entity1494 and destrusor overactivity were the three leading types of postoperative @entity1494 . Moreover, the incidences of @entity1494 (50.0% vs. 17.1%), @entity1494 (58.4% vs. 14.6%) and destrusor overactivity (31.0% vs. 4.9%) in the group with @entity409 were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the group without @entity409 (P < 0.01). Secondarily, forty-two @entity1 with recent @entity281 were divided into simple irritation sign group, simple obstruction sign group and mixed sign group according to their main symptoms. The incidence of @entity1494 in the simple obstruction sign group was significant higher than that in the simple irritation sign group, and the incidence of detrusor overactivity in the simple irritation sign group was significant higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were many different types of @entity74 in the @entity1 with recent @entity281 after radical hysterectomy. @entity1494 , @entity1494 and detrusor overactivity caused by the damage of the pelvic autonomic nerve during the operation may be the main reasons for the recent non-infective voiding dusfunction after radical hysterectomy. Moreover, @entity1494 and detrusor overactivity may be the key points for the symptoms of @entity1494 and @entity1494 . Urodynamic study is important for the etiology analysis and clinical treatment of recent @entity281 postoperation.

title: [Significance of urodynamic analysis in the @entity1 with recent XXXX after radical hysterectomy].

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder obstruction', 'bladder destrusor dysfunction', 'Low compliance bladder', 'low compliance bladder', 'bladder dysfunction', 'bladder irritation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['non-infective voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['urodynamic disorder']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['voiding dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1344 ( @entity101 , @entity551 and @entity1168 ) is a well-known complication of carotid endarterectomy. @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) is becoming a valuable alternative treatment for @entity1 with severe @entity543 and increased surgical risk. @entity3538 implies instrumentation of the carotid bulb, so baroceptor dysfunction may provoke @entity1344 . The aim of this work was to calculate the incidence of this complication and to detect factors to predict it. METHODS: Medical records and angiograms of 51 consecutive @entity1 submitted to @entity3538 for severe @entity731 (40 cases) or postsurgical restenosis (11 cases) were retrospectively reviewed in order to detect the occurrence of intra- and post-procedural @entity101 (systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg), @entity551 (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg) and @entity1168 (heart rate <60 beats/min). The relationship between clinical, procedural and angiographic factors and the occurrence of @entity1344 was assessed with univariate and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). RESULTS: Transient mild systolic post-procedural @entity101 occurred in five cases (10%); preprocedural @entity101 , asymptomatic @entity850 and @entity717 predicted this. @entity551 with @entity1168 also occurred in five cases (10%), one with neurological sequelae. Transient periprocedural @entity1168 occurred in 19 cases (37%). Severe @entity1168 without @entity551 arose in one case only. Factors predicting post-procedural @entity551 included the presence of a @entity82 and the ratio between the pre- and post-stenting diameter of the internal carotid artery. Peri-procedural @entity1168 predicted post-procedural @entity1168 . None of these factors were confirmed by multivariate analysis as a significant prognostic predictor. CONCLUSION: Mild systolic @entity101 may occur after @entity3538 , but is resolved by medical treatment. Prolonged @entity551 and @entity1168 may also arise and this can be dangerous because it may cause @entity16 due to hypoperfusion. These complications cannot be predicted by clinical, procedural, and angiographic factors.

title: XXXX after extracranial carotid stenting.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral post-surgical restenosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous plaque']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'Carotid angioplasty and stenting']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Hemodynamic instability', 'hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity1344 :: (MESH:D043171,Disease) :: ['Hemodynamic instability']


abstract: Knee loading is an anabolic loading modality that applies lateral loads to the knee. This study shows that loads applied to the proximal tibial epiphysis stimulate healing of surgically generated wounds in the tibial diaphysis. INTRODUCTION: @entity130 is sensitive to mechanical stimulation such as various forms of stress and different magnitudes of strain. Knee loading has been shown to induce anabolic responses to @entity19 tibias and femora when a strain of 10-20 mustrain is applied at the site of new bone formation. The object of this study was to address a question: does knee loading accelerate closure of open wounds in the tibia? MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-three C57/BL/6 female @entity19 were used. A surgical wound (0.5 mm in diameter) was generated in the left tibia (loaded) and the right tibia (sham-loaded control). From the fourth postoperative day, knee loading was performed to the left knee with a custom-made piezoelectric loader for 3 min/d for 3 consecutive days. The peak-to-peak force was 0.5 N. Animals were killed 1, 2, or 3 wk after surgery, and the healing process was evaluated with muCT, pQCT, and bone histomorphometry with calcein labeling. RESULTS: The measured strain was <20 mustrain with 0.5-N force regardless of the presence or absence of surgical wounds. Compared with sham-loaded controls, the results showed load-driven acceleration of wound healing. First, muCT data revealed that knee loading reduced the size of surgical wounds by 13% (p < 0.01; 1 wk), 25% (p < 0.001; 2 wk), and 15% (p < 0.01; 3 wk). Second, pQCT data indicated that total @entity1555 and BMC and cortical @entity1555 and BMC were significantly increased in the third postoperative week. Last, bone histomorphometry revealed that bone formation was stimulated from the site proximal (close to the knee) to the wound. CONCLUSIONS: The reparative and remodeling phases of wound healing were enhanced by loads applied to the knee without inducing significant in situ strain at the site of wounds. Noninvasive knee loading might therefore be useful clinically to stimulate bone healing in the entire tibia along its length (including cast immobilized wounds).

title: Knee loading accelerates bone healing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Wound healing']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to examine the course of @entity1278 and @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) (fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria) to compare @entity146 comorbidity and @entity1314 of both groups. Because @entity1278 @entity1 are mainly female, we compared them only with female @entity3119 @entity1 . Ten years after discharge the whole sample (32 female @entity1 ; 100%) of a group of 39 (32 female; 7 male) @entity1278 @entity1 could be reexamined personally. 25 (61%) female @entity1 of a group of 116 @entity1 (41 female; 75 male) with @entity3119 were also reexamined. The @entity1278 @entity1 were interviewed using the Structured Interview for @entity448 and @entity1279 (SIAB [39]) to assess eating disorder symptomatology. To examine comorbid @entity146 we used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, WHO [44] and @entity915 -II [45] for @entity1314 . One fourth of the @entity1 with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) and 20% of the @entity1 with @entity3119 had a @entity1314 according to DSM-III-R. Most of them were " @entity1314 ( @entity1278 : 28%; @entity3119 : 20%). In the group of the female @entity3119 @entity1 8% schizoid, 4% schizotype and 12% @entity10421 were observed. The most prevalent @entity146 were @entity148 ( @entity1278 : 28%; @entity3119 : 20%) and @entity1316 ( @entity1278 : 16%; @entity3119 : 16%). Our results support the view that in the @entity1278 and in @entity3119 there is a high prevalence of @entity146 according to DSM-III-R. These results might confirm a model of a high vulnerability of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system in @entity1 with @entity1278 or @entity3119 .

title: [Personality disorders and XXXX comorbidity in @entity3119 and @entity1278 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10421 :: ('MESH:D010260', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric comorbidity and "Cluster C"-personality disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'course of anorexia nervosa', 'AN', 'adolescent anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['Bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'personality disorders', 'Cluster C"-personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immune function after @entity548 and subsequent @entity295 is characterized by an early proinflammatory burst of @entity777 , and high @entity777 levels have been linked to high mortality after @entity130 and in @entity295 . Trans-signaling is defined as the activation of cells that do not express the membrane bound @entity777 receptor by the complex of @entity777 and the soluble @entity777 receptor (sIL-6R). @entity37165 -Fc is able to bind the @entity777 /sIL-6R complex, and beneficial effects of @entity777 blockade in chronic @entity32 have been shown. The first aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of a @entity37165 blockade via the @entity37165 -Fc antibody causing impairment of @entity777 signaling. The second aim was to find out what role the @entity777 /sIL-6R complex can play in the context of @entity548 and subsequent @entity295 as an @entity697 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male CBA/J @entity19 were subjected to @entity548 (35+/-5 mmHg for 90min and fluid resuscitation) or sham operation. At resuscitation each animal received either 0.5mg @entity37165 -Fc or placebo (PL) i.p. At 48 h after resuscitation, both splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages (pMphi) were harvested or polymicrobial @entity295 was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Survival over 10 d was determined. Release of @entity777 , @entity637 , and @entity1618 of pMphi and release of @entity2047 , @entity1618 , and @entity60 of splenocytes was assessed by ELISA. Proliferation of splenocytes and their morphologic damage were determined. RESULTS: Binding of the @entity777 /sIL-6R complex by @entity37165 -Fc led to significant lower @entity777 levels compared with placebo treated animals. Placebo treated males showed depressed proinflammatory immune response ( @entity2047 , @entity777 ) after @entity548 . While splenocyte proliferation was significantly reduced directly after @entity548 and restored after 48 h by @entity37165 -Fc, pMphi cytokine release was not influenced. Finally, survival appeared to be unaffected. CONCLUSION: Transsignaling does not seem to play a pivotal role in the development of the @entity1200 and mortality in our model of @entity548 and subsequent @entity295 .

title: Inhibition of interleukin-6-transsignaling via XXXX -Fc in @entity548 and @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

answer: @entity37165 :: (MESH:C005759,Chemical) :: ['gp130']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify influencing factors of @entity6069 mutation carriers and their professionals for @entity146 ( @entity146 ) with delayed oophorectomy (RRO) as a substitute for risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) and for study participation on this concept. METHODS: A qualitative study was performed by four focus group interviews with 39 @entity6069 mutation carriers and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 professionals in the field of @entity4310 . We used a theoretical framework of determinants of innovation within healthcare organizations to classify influencing factors (barriers and facilitators). RESULTS: Among @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers, main barriers for @entity146 with delayed RRO were seriousness of @entity43 , family history, and previous @entity0 . Among professionals, delay of risk-reducing effect of oophorectomy on @entity0 risk and a second operation were recognized as main barriers. Both @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers and professionals found uncertainty about the effect of @entity146 with delayed RRO and ease of the decision to undergo RRSO important barriers. The main facilitator mentioned by both was longer maintenance of ovarian function thereby delaying negative effects of early surgical menopause. For study participation, @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers mentioned a randomized study design as the main barrier, whereas professionals identified two facilitators, namely willingness of @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers for study participation and uniform counseling. Furthermore, most @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers and professionals were willing to consider participation in a future non-randomized study. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several barriers and facilitators for @entity146 with delayed RRO, and for study participation which can be addressed to optimize the design and implementation of a non-randomized study.

title: Risk-reducing salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy in XXXX /2 mutation carriers: Patients' and professionals' perspectives.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['risk-reducing salpingectomy', 'RRS']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: Conventional mutation-selection theories have failed to explain (i) how @entity5 cells become spontaneously resistant against cytotoxic drugs at rates of up to 10(-3) per cell generation, orders higher than gene mutation, even in @entity5 cells; (ii) why resistance far exceeds a challenging drug-a state termed multidrug resistance; (iii) why resistance is associated with chromosomal alterations and proportional to their numbers; and (iv) why resistance is totally dependent on @entity2007 . We propose here that @entity5 -specific @entity2007 generates drug resistance via chromosomal alterations. According to this mechanism, @entity2007 varies the numbers and structures of chromosomes automatically, because it corrupts the many teams of proteins that segregate, synthesize, and repair chromosomes. Aneuploidy is thus a steady source of chromosomal variation from which, in classical Darwinian terms, resistance-specific aneusomies are selected in the presence of chemotherapeutic drugs. Some of the thousands of unselected genes that hitchhike with resistance-specific aneusomies can thus generate multidrug resistance. To test this hypothesis, we determined the rates of chromosomal alterations in clonal cultures of @entity1 breast and @entity694 lines by dividing the fraction of nonclonal karyotypes by the number of generations of the clone. These rates were about 10(-2) per cell generation, orders higher than mutation. Chromosome numbers and structures were determined in metaphases hybridized with color-coded chromosome-specific DNA probes. Further, we tested @entity5808 -resistant subclones of these lines for resistance-specific aneusomies. Resistant subclones differed from parental lines in four to seven specific aneusomies, of which different subclones shared some. The degree of resistance was roughly proportional to the number of these aneusomies. Thus, @entity2007 is the primary cause of the high rates and wide ranges of drug resistance in @entity5 cells.

title: Chromosomal alterations cause the high rates and wide ranges of drug resistance in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity31 distal to the splenic flexure includes disease confined to the rectum ( @entity4272 ), rectosigmoid ( @entity9916 or @entity1960 ), or extending to the descending @entity694 (left-sided @entity1960 ). These subtypes represent up to 60% to 80% of newly presenting cases of @entity31 . Although these conditions are defined by the extent of colon that is affected, they also share the characteristic of being amenable to topical therapy. In general, the course of disease is milder and symptoms are less severe than in @entity1 with more extensive colonic involvement. Nonetheless, symptoms may significantly impair @entity1 ' health-related quality of life. Treatment options include the oral and/or rectal @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) preparations. Rectal therapy delivering higher concentrations of active medication ( @entity3504 or glucocorticoids) directly to the inflamed mucosa while minimizing systemic absorption provides a highly effective and safe treatment. Oral glucocorticoids are indicated in @entity1 who are resistant to or intolerant of @entity3504 therapy. Immunomodulators have an important role in individuals with glucocorticoid dependent or glucocorticoid refractory disease. This article reviews the clinical diagnosis and current medical management of @entity1066 , @entity9916 , and @entity31 , including @entity1 resistant to conventional medical therapy.

title: Medical management of @entity1066 , @entity9916 , and left-sided XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9916 :: ('MESH:D011350', 'Disease') :: ['proctosigmoiditis']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'Ulcerative colitis', 'left-sided ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'distal colitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylate']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a case of a neonate with proximal @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) type 1 (also known as @entity4574 or severe infantile acute @entity2057 ) associated with a Blake's pouch cyst; a @entity600 that is currently classified within the spectrum of Dandy-Walker complex. The association of the two conditions has not been previously reported in the English literature. A comprehensive review of the pertinent literature is presented. CASE DESCRIPTION: A male neonate was noted to have paucity of movement of the four limbs with difficulty of breathing and poor feeding soon after birth. Respiratory distress with @entity7405 , necessitated endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Pregnancy was uneventful except for decreased fetal movements reported by the mother during the third trimester. Neurological examination revealed @entity2421 with decreased muscle power of all limbs, nonelicitable @entity2901 . Molecular genetic evaluation revealed a homozygous deletion of both exons 7 and 8 of the @entity11280 ( @entity11280 ) gene, and exon 5 of the @entity23997 ( @entity23997 ) gene on the long arm of chromosome 5 consistent with @entity4574 ( @entity2057 type 1). At the age of 5 months, a full anterior fontanelle and abnormal increase of the occipito-frontal circumference were noted. Computed tomographic (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a tetraventricular @entity1276 and features of Blake's pouch cyst of the fourth ventricle. CONCLUSIONS: This case represents a previously unreported association of Blake's pouch cyst and @entity2057 type 1.

title: Blake's pouch cyst and XXXX : Report of a new association and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity4574 :: ('MESH:D014897', 'Disease') :: ['Werdnig-Hoffmann disease']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['generalized hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity23997 :: ('4671', 'Gene') :: ['NAIP', 'neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein']

entities_list: @entity11280 :: ('6606', 'Gene') :: ['SMN1', 'survival motor neuron 1']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['deep tendon jerks, and occasional tongue fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

answer: @entity4574 :: (MESH:D014897,Disease) :: ['Werdnig-Hoffmann disease']


abstract: Some of the most significant therapeutic advances in the treatment of @entity5 have occurred in the management of colorectal metastases. The introduction of new cytotoxic chemotherapeutic and biologic agents has changed the approach to these @entity1 from both an oncologic and a surgical perspective. In addition, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which these agents affect @entity5 is developing. This molecular information will be critical in the future in designing therapeutic regimens based on an individual @entity5 's genetic profile rather than treatment for a specific @entity5 type. The rapidly evolving treatment of @entity694 has provided several interesting genetic biomarkers/pathways/genes-/kinases that have been targeted or seem to play an important role. Of particular interest is the blockade of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) with monoclonal antibodies. This treatment is efficacious when used alone or combined with chemotherapy. However, recent data revealed that @entity1 with @entity5 positive for the @entity984 mutation do not benefit from @entity470 blockade. Compelling evidence has indicated that mutated @entity984 is an important oncogene involved at the early stage of the development of @entity14 . Furthermore, mutations in the @entity984 gene have been associated with aggressive @entity5 biology. @entity984 mutational analysis is an important step in the overarching goal of developing personalized medicine. New treatment strategies are needed to more effectively treat @entity1 with the @entity984 mutation.

title: Assessment of XXXX mutation: a step toward personalized medicine for @entity1 with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['K-ras']


abstract: Corticosteroid therapy induces clinical, laboratory and histological improvements in 80% of @entity1 with @entity775 . @entity229 , alone or at a lower dose in combination with @entity500 , increases the 20-year life expectancy to 80% and prevents or reduces @entity1575 in 79% of @entity1 . The combination regimen is preferred and treatment should be considered in all @entity1 with active disease. The duration of therapy is finite and the medication should be discontinued after resolution of all manifestations of inflammatory activity, including the histological changes. Relapse after drug withdrawal occurs in 50-79% of @entity1 , and it should be treated with long-term @entity500 (2 mg/kg daily). Salvage therapies for individuals intolerant of or refractory to the conventional regimens include high-dose corticosteroids, with or without high-dose @entity500 , @entity4446 , @entity618 , @entity1140 or @entity205 . Liver transplantation should be considered in @entity1 with @entity1578 unresponsive to corticosteroid treatment, decompensated @entity82 with a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of at least 15 points, or @entity157 that meets transplantation criteria. @entity775 recurs after transplantation in at least 17% of @entity1 , and it typically improves after adjustments in the immunosuppressive regimen. Future therapies are likely to include mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, adoptive transfer of T regulatory cells, and cytokine manipulation. The emergence of new treatments will require the development of a collaborative network of clinical and basic investigators, as the complexity and specificity of current management problems require solutions that exceed the capabilities of single institutions.

title: Current and future treatments of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune hepatitis', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: Long-term exposure to moderate @entity6167 ( @entity6167 , @entity15773 , 30 days at 34+/-1 degrees C) provides protection toward a variety of stressors including @entity131 . As previous studies suggested an anti-inflammatory effect of @entity15773 and given the ability of augmented pre-injury anti-inflammatory cytokine expression to harbor neuroprotection and to attenuate early post-injury expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, we hypothesized that @entity15773 -induced neuroprotection may involve enhanced pre-injury expression of anti-inflammatory mediators or a reduction in post-injury @entity637 ( @entity637 ) expression. Since the attenuation of inflammatory-associated entities has also been linked to mild @entity2332 , an established neuroprotective paradigm, the effect of @entity15773 on post-injury body temperature was also studied. @entity15773 @entity19 and normothermic (NT) counterparts were examined using a closed @entity542 model. Cytokines were measured within the ipsilateral cortex. Pre-injury protein levels of anti-inflammatory interleukins 10 and 4 ( @entity1618 , @entity58 ) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). mRNA and protein levels of @entity637 were quantified during the initial 2 h post-injury using semi-quantitative and real-time polymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR and qRT-PCR) or ELISA, respectively. Rectal temperatures were measured. @entity15773 induced augmented pre-injury @entity1618 expression and a post-injury reduction in @entity637 mRNA levels, as well as altered expression dynamics of @entity637 protein. @entity637 protein levels decreased relative to the sham state in @entity15773 @entity19 only. @entity15773 @entity19 displayed sustained post- @entity130 , namely significantly lower body temperature at 4 h post-injury. Given the evidence on the neuroprotective nature of @entity2332 and anti-inflammatory cytokines, we suggest that these changes may contribute to @entity15773 -induced neuroprotection.

title: Altered cytokine expression and sustained @entity2332 following XXXX in heat acclimated @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heat acclimation', 'ambient heat']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our goal is to study the clinical, radiological and therapeutic particularity of the female @entity7261 via a retrospective study of 21 cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty one females, with a mean age of 37 years (range 15 to 62 years) presenting an @entity7261 , were treated between 1988 and 2000. Clinical examination made diagnosis in all cases. Cystorethrography shown a direct image of diverticula in 100% of cases and intravenous Pyelography in only 24% of cases. The @entity7261 was excised via a transvaginal approach in all cases. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 had favourable immediate outcome. Three @entity1 presented an @entity292 treated surgically in one case and by bladder drainage in one case. The last @entity1 refused treatment and she was lost to follow-up. After a median follow-up of 54 months (range 18 to 120) only three @entity1 have some urinary urgency that was treated by anticholinergics. CONCLUSION: Female @entity7261 is a rare disease, the diagnosis is easy and only surgical excision gives good results.

title: [The female XXXX : apropos of 21 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['urethrovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['urethral diverticula']

answer: @entity7261 :: (MESH:D004240,Disease) :: ['urethral diverticula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aggrecan enables articular cartilage to bear load and resist compression. Aggrecan loss occurs early in @entity571 and @entity309 and can be induced by inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). IL-1 induces cleavage of specific aggrecans characteristic of the ADAMTS proteinases. The aim of this study was to identify the intracellular signaling pathways by which IL-1 causes aggrecan degradation by @entity1 chondrocytes and to investigate how aggrecanase activity is controlled by chondrocytes. METHODS: We developed a cell-based assay combining small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced knockdown with aggrecan degradation assays. @entity1 articular chondrocytes were overlaid with @entity291 aggrecan after transfection with siRNAs against molecules of the IL-1 signaling pathway. After IL-1 stimulation, released aggrecan fragments were detected with AGEG and ARGS neoepitope antibodies. Aggrecanase activity and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity8993 ( @entity8993 ) shedding was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: @entity3531 is a major aggrecanase in @entity1 chondrocytes, regulating aggrecan degradation in response to IL-1. The @entity5 necrosis factor receptor-associated 6 ( @entity10151 )/transforming growth factor b-activated kinase 1 ( @entity10152 )/ @entity33644 signaling axis is essential for IL-1-induced aggrecan degradation, while NF-kB is not. Of the 3 MAPKs (ERK, @entity1435 , and @entity4675 ), only @entity5183 showed a significant role in aggrecan degradation. Chondrocytes constitutively secreted aggrecanase, which was continuously endocytosed by @entity8993 , keeping the extracellular level of aggrecanase low. IL-1 induced aggrecanase activity in the medium in a @entity5183 -dependent manner, possibly by reducing aggrecanase endocytosis, because IL-1 caused @entity5183 -dependent shedding of @entity8993 . CONCLUSION: The signaling axis @entity10151 / @entity10152 / @entity33644 / @entity5183 mediates IL-1-induced aggrecanolysis. The level of aggrecanase is controlled by its endocytosis, which may be reduced upon IL-1 stimulation because of @entity8993 shedding.

title: Interleukin-1 Acts via the XXXX Signaling Pathway to Induce Aggrecan Degradation by @entity1 Chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity8993 :: ('4035', 'Gene') :: ['LRP-1', 'Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5183 :: (5601,Gene) :: ['JNK-2']


abstract: Though new antiepileptic drugs are emerging, approximately a third of @entity302 @entity1 still suffer from recurrent @entity410 and @entity73 . Therefore, we tested whether @entity7652 (Ber), a vegetable drug, has an anticonvulsant property and attenuates @entity2414 in a @entity2134 (Pilo)-induced @entity302 model in @entity35 . The @entity35 were injected with 400 mg/kg Pilo to induce @entity410 , and Ber 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg were administrated by the intragastric route once daily 7 days before Pilo injection until the experiment was over. Convulsions were observed after Pilo injection. For the @entity35 that developed @entity159 ( @entity159 ), @entity1234 , @entity2041 levels, @entity224 dismutase, and @entity12609 activity in the hippocampus were measured 24 hours after @entity159 . The @entity35 received the Morris water-maze test 2 weeks after @entity159 , and then were killed for @entity21462 staining to detect the degenerating neurons. We found Ber delayed latency to the first @entity410 and the time to develop @entity159 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity1234 levels were decreased, while @entity2041 and @entity12609 activity were strengthened in Ber-injected @entity159 @entity35 . In the Morris water-maze test, Ber decreased escape latency compared to saline-treated @entity159 @entity35 . Additionally, Ber reduced the number of fluoro-jade B-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. Our data suggest that Ber exerts anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects on Pilo-induced @entity302 in @entity35 . Simultaneously, Ber attenuates @entity2414 . The beneficial effect may be partly due to mitigation of the oxidative stress burden.

title: @entity7652 exerts an anticonvulsant effect and ameliorates @entity2414 and oxidative stress in a @entity2134 -induced @entity302 model in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity21462 :: ('MESH:C435731', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoro-jade B']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde', 'malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A corneal penetration secondary to @entity32 or chronic @entity66 is an emergency situation in ophthalmology. The ocular globe is instable and there is a significant risk of an @entity3225 . A corneal graft for a tectonic transplantation may not be available in many cases. The prognosis of an emergency corneal transplantation is relatively poor. We report the results of multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation as initial therapy for penetrating @entity3283 . @entity1 : In 13 eyes with penetrating @entity3283 an initial therapy with multilayer amniotic membrane was performed. All @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; age 52-90 years; mean 71.7 years) were given therapeutic contact lenses as well as systemic and local antibiotics. We investigated the postoperative course with regard to stabilisation of the @entity267 and deepening of the anterior chamber. RESULTS: The anterior chamber was reestablished in 8 of 13 @entity1 (62%) after an average of 5.25 days (range, 1-15) using multi-layer amniotic membrane transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that an initial treatment of penetrating @entity3283 with multilayer amniotic membrane is reasonable. With this procedure the surgeon gains sufficient time for obtain a corneal graft for a possible penetrating corneal transplantation.

title: [Use of multilayer amniotic membrane as first therapy for penetrating XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['trophic disease']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3283 :: (MESH:D003320,Disease) :: ['corneal ulcers']


abstract: @entity794 (SA) colonization and @entity281 is common, and may promote @entity56 or inflammatory @entity1030 , such as @entity565 , @entity1577 , and chronic rhinosinusitis by interacting with airway epithelial cells. Airway epithelial cells not only comprise a physical barrier, but also play key roles in immune, inflammatory, repair, and remodeling responses upon encounters with pathogens. To elucidate the impact of SA on epithelial-mediated remodeling of @entity56 airways, we tested the hypothesis that SA can enhance the remodeling process. Normal @entity1 bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with heat-killed SA (HKSA) or transforming growth factor (TGF) a. Cell extracts were collected to measure mRNA (real-time RT-PCR) and signaling molecules (Western blot); supernatants were collected to measure protein (ELISA) after 24 hours of stimulation. @entity470 ( @entity470 ) signaling inhibition experiments were performed using a specific @entity470 kinase inhibitor ( @entity20830 ) and @entity7790 was blocked with an anti- @entity7790 antibody. HKSA induced both mRNA and protein for @entity7790 and @entity3334 from NHBE cells by a @entity2938 -dependent mechanism. Recombinant @entity1 @entity7790 also induced mRNA and protein for @entity3334 from NHBE cells; anti- @entity7790 antibody inhibited HKSA-induced @entity3334 , suggesting that endogenous @entity7790 mediates the @entity3334 induction by HKSA. HKSA-induced @entity3334 expression was suppressed when a specific @entity470 kinase inhibitor was added, suggesting that @entity470 signaling was mediating the HKSA-induced @entity3334 release. Exposure or colonization by SA in the airway may enhance the remodeling of tissue through a @entity7790 -dependent induction of @entity3334 expression, and may thereby promote remodeling in @entity1030 in which SA is implicated, such as @entity565 and chronic rhinosinusitis.

title: Involvement of @entity2938 and XXXX signaling in epithelial expression of airway remodeling factors.

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2938 :: ('7097', 'Gene') :: ['Toll-like receptor 2']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: AbstractDrug-induced @entity1317 (DIVI), defined as arterial medial degeneration/ @entity39 usually associated with @entity32 , is frequently observed in the mesenteric arteries of @entity35 but the relevance to @entity1 remains a hurdle for drug development. Here, we describe the evaluation of commercially available optical imaging biomarkers using a @entity35 DIVI model. Male @entity35 were administered 10 mg/kg/day of a proprietary soluble guanylate cyclase activator (sGCa). Optical agents, AngioSense for the detection of vessel permeability, MMPSense for the detection of activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and IntegriSense for the detection of avb3 integrin, were injected via tail vein 24 hours before fluorescence (FL) ex vivo imaging. Imaging found a statistically significant difference in FL from all optical agents between treated and vehicle groups (p < .05). Mesenteric arteries were further analyzed by histopathology, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Histopathology confirmed @entity32 and/or arterial medial degeneration in the sGCa-treated animals. Flow cytometry of digested arteries revealed myeloid cells as a main source of MMPSense signal. Immunohistochemical analysis further identified elevated @entity6929 expression within arterial walls and surrounding tissue of treated animals. Together, these data demonstrate that MMPSense and AngioSense are sensitive optical imaging biomarkers for the quantification of DIVI in @entity35 mesenteric arteries.

title: Optical imaging biomarkers of drug-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['perivascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate provider-incurred costs of @entity167 screening and brief intervention (SBI) for risky drinking as implemented in four managed care organizations (MCOs) participating in the Cutting Back project implemented by the University of Connecticut Health Center. METHOD: Each MCO provided two comparable primary care clinics in which two different SBI models were implemented: the "Practitioner" (P) model and the "Specialist" (S) model. Risky drinkers were identified based on responses to a health appraisal form. They were administered the AUDIT to determine an appropriate intervention. Using data collected from these sites, we separately estimated start-up and ongoing implementation costs of the intervention. RESULTS: SBI start-up costs per MCO ranged from approximately dollars 86,000 to dollars 115,000 across the four study MCOs. Across all four study MCOs, the estimated median ongoing implementation cost of administering the health appraisal was dollars 0.25 per @entity1 appraised, and the estimated median cost of screenings was dollars 0.42 per @entity1 screened. The estimated median cost of performing the brief intervention across the study MCOs was dollars 2.59 per @entity1 receiving the intervention in the S clinics and dollars 3.43 per @entity1 receiving the intervention in the P clinics. Labor costs dominated start-up and ongoing implementation. Technical assistance costs accounted for a significant proportion of start-up costs. Implementation in the S model is less costly than in the P model, largely because of the S model's use of less expensive nonphysician labor. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that the cost of SBI is modest, and MCOs may want to consider adopting SBI as an @entity167 use prevention tool. Although our results suggest that the S model is less costly than the P model, clinic-level implementation factors may affect the relative costs of the S versus P models.

title: The costs of screening and brief intervention for risky XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: AIMS: We evaluated @entity453 ( @entity453 ) extent, severity, and major adverse @entity299 (MACEs) in never, past, and current smokers undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA). METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 9456 @entity1 (57.1    12.3 years, 55.5% male) without known @entity453 (1588 current smokers; 2183 past smokers who quit >= 3 months before CCTA; and 5685 never smokers). By risk-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models, we related smoking status to MACE (all-cause @entity204 or non-fatal @entity583 ). We further performed 1:1:1 propensity matching for 1000 in each group evaluate event risk among individuals with similar age, gender, @entity453 risk factors, and symptom presentation. During a mean follow-up of 2.8    1.9 years, 297 MACE occurred. Compared with never smokers, current and past smokers had greater atherosclerotic burden including extent of plaque defined as segments with any plaque (2.1    2.8 vs. 2.6    3.2 vs. 3.1    3.3, P < 0.0001) and prevalence of obstructive @entity453 [ @entity66 ( @entity66 ): 10.6% vs. 14.9% vs. 15.2%, P < 0.001; 2- @entity66 : 4.4% vs. 6.1% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.001; 3- @entity66 : 3.1% vs. 5.2% vs. 4.3%, P < 0.001]. Compared with never smokers, current smokers experienced higher MACE risk [hazard ratio (HR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-2.6, P < 0.001], while past smokers did not (HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.8-1.6, P = 0.35). Among matched individuals, current smokers had higher MACE risk (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6-4.2, P < 0.001), while past smokers did not (HR 1.3, 95% CI 0.7-2.4, P = 0.39). Similar findings were observed for risk of all-cause @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 without known @entity453 undergoing CCTA, current and past smokers had increased burden of @entity731 compared with never smokers; however, risk of MACE was heightened only in current smokers.

title: Current but not past smoking increases the risk of XXXX : insights from coronary computed tomographic angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['VD', '1-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: Tubular ray flower (turf) is a sunflower mutant that caught attention because it bears actinomorphic ray flowers, due to the presence of an active, although non-autonomous CACTA transposon (Tetu1) in the TCP domain of a CYCLOIDEA-like gene, HaCYC2c, a major regulator of sunflower floral symmetry. Here, we analyzed its excision rates in F3 population deriving from independent crosses of turf with @entity15046 accessions. Our results suggest that the excision rate, ranging from 1.21 to 6.29%, depends on genetic background; moreover, the absence of somatic sectors in inflorescences of revertant individuals analyzed (182) and genetic analyses suggests a tight developmental control of Tetu1 excision, likely restricted to germinal cells. We individuate events of Tetu1 excision through molecular analysis that restore the @entity164 ( @entity164 ) HaCYC2c allele, but even transposon excisions during which footprints are left. All mutations we detected occurred at the TCP basic motif and cause a change in ray flower phenotype. In particular, we selected five mutants with a one-to-four @entity535 change that influence the capacity of reproductive organ development and ray flower corolla shaping (MUT-1, -2, -3, -4, -5). Revertant alleles not affecting turf phenotype (i.e. reading frame mutations) have also been identified (MUT-6). In all mutants, Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiments revealed variations of the steady state level of HaCYC2c mRNA. MUT-1 and MUT-4 showed a significant HaCYC2c down-regulation with respect to @entity164 . A large variation within the biological replicates of MUT-2, MUT-3 and MUT-5 was detected and not significant differences in transcription levels between mutants and @entity164 were observed. We detected low steady state level of HaCYC2c mRNA both in turf as in MUT-6. A three dimensional (3D) structure prediction tool let us predict an incorrect folding of the TCP protein already after a single @entity535 deletion. This in turn is detectable as the restore of traits that are not peculiar of @entity164 ray flowers, such as male fertility. Our analysis of an active TE sheds light on the TCP motif of the HaCYC2c gene and suggests that Tetu1 may be useful to obtain new natural mutants and for transposon tagging in different inbred lines of sunflower.

title: Excisions of a defective transposable CACTA element (Tetu1) generate new alleles of a CYCLOIDEA-like gene of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity15046 :: ('4232', 'Species') :: ['common sunflower']

answer: @entity15046 :: (4232,Species) :: ['Helianthus annuus']


abstract: The relationship of @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ) and @entity1722 /neu expression in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with multiple parameters including survival were examined. @entity1 with primary @entity1149 who had surgical resection and follow-up of at least 5 years were included in the study. There were 57 @entity1 (38 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ), 44 to 75 years old (median age, 61 years); 28 @entity1 had @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and 29 had @entity957 . @entity5 were examined for @entity7457 and @entity1722 /neu expression using @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue. Clinical and follow-up data were obtained from the hospital records and @entity5 Center database. @entity5 sections were stained using standard immunohistochemical technique and commercial antibodies for @entity7457 (clone 8G7G3/1, Dako) and @entity1722 (polyclonal, Dako). @entity5 were graded as negative (<5%), weak positive (5-49%), and strong positive (>50%), based on the percentage of positively stained @entity5 cells. Statistical analyses were performed using log-rank test, Pearson and Spearman correlations, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. @entity7457 expression was seen in 45.6% of all @entity5 (80% of ADs and 14% of @entity957 ). Eighteen @entity1 with @entity5 showing strong @entity7457 expression had significantly better survival compared with the 39 @entity1 whose @entity5 showed negative or weak @entity7457 expression, although many more of the higher stage @entity420 had strong @entity7457 staining than stage I @entity420 . The @entity7457 expression did not correlate with @entity5 differentiation and was considered an independent predictor of survival. Seventeen of the 18 @entity5 with strong @entity7457 expression were ADs. Only eight of 57 (17%) @entity5 showed @entity1722 expression; seven of these eight were ADs. Although @entity1722 /neu expression and survival did not show correlation, the majority of those ADs with weak or strong @entity1722 /neu staining also had strong @entity7457 staining, were mostly stage I @entity5 . and had overall longer survival. All @entity1 with stage I disease showed better 5-year survival compared with those with stages II and III. Hispanic @entity1 had significantly worse survival compared with Caucasians and African Americans. The results of this study suggest that strong expression of @entity7457 is an independent predictor of better survival and may be a useful prognostic tool for evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Immunohistochemical study of @entity7457 and XXXX in @entity1149 : strong @entity7457 expression predicts better survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Representative tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1', 'TTF-1']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2/neu']


abstract: @entity13727 ( @entity13728 ) are used as @entity1032 in a wide variety of products. As part of the Integrated Exposure Assessment Survey (INES), this study aimed to characterize the exposure of an adult German population using duplicate diet samples, which were collected daily over seven consecutive days, and indoor air and house dust measurements. Our study population consisted of 27 female and 23 male healthy subjects, aged 14-60 years, all of whom resided in 34 homes in southern Bavaria. In these 34 residences the air was sampled using glass fiber filters and @entity2636 foams and the dust was collected from used vacuum cleaner bags. The median (95th percentile) daily dietary intake of six Tetra- to HeptaBDE congeners was 1.2 ng/kg b.w. (3.3 ng/kg b.w.) or 67.8 ng/day (208 ng/day) (calculated from the 7-day median values of each study subject). Concentrations in indoor air and dust (cumulative Tri- to DecaBDE congener readings) ranged from 8.2 to 477 pg/m(3) (median: 37.8 pg/m(3)) and 36.6 to 1580 ng/g (median: 386 ng/g), respectively. For some congeners, we identified a significant correlation between air and dust levels. The median (95th percentile) blood concentration of total Tetra- to HexaBDE congener readings was 5.6 (13.2)ng/g lipid. No significant sex differences were observed, but higher blood concentrations were found in younger @entity1 . Using a simplified toxicokinetic model to predict the body burden from exposure doses led to results that were of the same order of magnitude as the measured blood concentrations. Based on these measurements and given our exposure assumptions, we estimated for the total tetra- to heptabrominated congener count an average (high) comprehensive total daily intake of 1.2 ng/kg b.w. (2.5 ng/kg b.w.). Overall, our results suggest that dietary exposure is the dominant intake pathway at least in our study population, responsible for 97% (average intake) and 95% (high intake) of the total intake of an adult population.

title: XXXX exposure to @entity13727 ( @entity13728 ), as evidenced by data from a duplicate diet study, indoor air, house dust, and biomonitoring in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['flame retardants']

entities_list: @entity13727 :: ('MESH:D055768', 'Chemical') :: ['Polybrominated diphenyl ethers']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and complications of intravitreal @entity2995 (IVTA) injection in the treatment of @entity23351 and to compare the outcomes with @entity1 who had received systemic corticosteroids. METHODS: This prospective, interventional, clinical case series study included 11 eyes of 9 @entity1 who received 8 mg/0.2 ml of IVTA injection for @entity23351 that involved @entity32 (group 1). Control group (group 2) consisted of 15 eyes of 12 @entity1 who had received systemic corticosteroids for treatment of @entity23351 with @entity32 . The main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, @entity32 score and intraocular pressure. RESULTS: In group 1, mean visual acuity improved significantly (P < 0.001) from a mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) value of 2.05 +/- 0.82 at baseline to a maximum of 0.33 +/- 0.22 during the follow-up period of 5.0 +/- 2.8 months. In control group, mean LogMAR visual acuity before systemic corticosteroid therapy was 1.82 +/- 0.78, and it has reached a maximum of 0.40 +/- 0.22 after treatment (P < 0.001). The mean inflammatory scores decreased significantly in both groups when compared with preinjection values (for each, P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between group 1 and group 2 when pre-and posttreatment visual acuities and inflammatory scores at 1-, 3-, and 5-month follow-up examinations were compared (for each, P > 0.05). In group 1, mean intraocular pressure (IOP) increased significantly from 13.4 +/- 2.6 mmHg to a mean maximal value of 19.3 +/- 4.3 mmHg (P < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between mean IOP at 5-month after IVTA injection and pretreatment value (P = 0.06). @entity231 progression was observed in one eye. CONCLUSIONS: IVTA application may be an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity23351 that involves @entity32 , especially in @entity1 who carry risks for systemic corticosteroid therapy.

title: Intravitreal @entity2995 injection for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['acute posterior uveitis', 'posterior uveitis']

answer: @entity23351 :: (MESH:D015866,Disease) :: ['posterior uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large volume paracentesis is a common treatment of @entity843 . Injury to abdominal wall collateral veins during this procedure can lead to hemoperitoneum. Because of this concern, the midline below the umbilicus is often recommended as a site for paracentesis because of its presumed avascularity. METHODS: We examined the subumbilical peritoneal surface in 20 consecutive @entity1 with @entity409 undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy. This area was visualized by table tilting and confirmed by external finger compression. Nineteen @entity1 had @entity82 of various etiologies, and one had advanced @entity82 with evidence of portal @entity101 . RESULTS: In these 20 @entity1 , only 7 had avascular midlines below the umbilicus. Seven had small but definite veins running along the path of the urachus (median umbilical fold), and 6 had more prominent veins in this region. The internal landmarks in this region (median and medial folds) were frequently asymmetric with regard to the external appearance of the midline. CONCLUSION: The subumbilical midline in @entity1 with portal @entity101 is commonly vascular. When using this site for paracentesis, care should be exercised to identify venous structures with the narrow-gauge needle used to inject local anesthetic agent before placement of larger paracentesis needles.

title: Subumbilical midline vascularity of the abdominal wall in portal XXXX observed at laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE:: To define the optimal dose of @entity1311 combining @entity900 , as weekly neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for early-stage bulky squamous cell @entity2622 . METHODS:: A prospective trial was conducted for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages @entity3847 and IIA2 cervical @entity957 @entity1 with magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography-defined lymph node negative. Weekly fixed-dose @entity900 (40 mg/m) and 4-level dose escalation of @entity1311 (50, 60, 70, 80 mg/m) for 3 courses was given and followed by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (RH-PLND) 14 to 28 days later. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was tailored according to pathologic response. RESULTS:: No dose-limiting @entity137 occurred. Twelve subjects were enrolled without reaching maximum tolerated dose, nor was any RH-PLND procedure delayed for >2 weeks. Pathologic response rate was 50% (complete in 2 and partial in 4). @entity1311 dose level seemed unrelated to pathologic response. No subjects had grade >= 3 acute adverse events. Seven @entity1 (58.3%) received postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiation. @entity1 with @entity1799 -negative @entity5 and aged 55 years and older had marginally higher risk (100%) of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiation after NAC than those with @entity1799 -positive or age less than 55 (P=0.081). With a median follow-up of 45.5 months, all 12 @entity1 remained alive without disease. CONCLUSIONS:: Weekly @entity1311 and @entity900 NAC for 3 courses can be tolerated with excellent short-term outcome. With the caveat of small number of @entity1 , this study supports future phase II trials of weekly @entity1311 and @entity900 NAC for 4 to 5 cycles.

title: Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Weekly @entity1311 and XXXX Followed by Radical Hysterectomy in Stages @entity3847 and IIA2 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus 16']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: In this study, we attempted to establish the prevalence and nature of @entity358 in a cross section of a @entity6 population and the relationship of @entity358 to @entity2412 . Forty insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 , 15 to 60 yr of age, and 40 healthy reference subjects, matched for age, sex, and race, were studied. All subjects were lifelong nonsmokers and had no clinical evidence of past or present @entity1576 . Lung function was assessed from the flow-volume curve, single-breath @entity1568 washout, static lung elastic recoil, and pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO/VA) and its components: membrane diffusing capacity (Dm/VA) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (Qc/VA). The @entity6 @entity1 had an increased value for Kst(L) and in Kst(L), the exponential shape constant of the pressure-volume curve compared with that of the reference subjects (Kst(L), 0.184 +/- 0.011 versus 0.135 +/- 0.005; p less than 0.005, mean +/- SEM). The DL/VA was lower in the @entity6 subjects (4.62 = 0.12 versus 5.31 +/- 0.10 ml/min/mm Hg/L; p less than 0.001), and this was due to a lower Qc/VA (9.45 +/- 0.43 versus 11.75 +/- 0.35 ml/min; p less than 0.001). The Kst(L) and Qc/VA were correlated with the duration of @entity6 . The In Kst(L) was negatively correlated with both DL/VA (r = -0.32, p less than 0.05) and Qc/VA (r = -0.36, p less than 0.05). There was no association between abnormal pulmonary function and the presence of other @entity2412 . It is concluded that there are mild, duration-related abnormalities of lung elastic recoil and pulmonary diffusing capacity and a @entity551 in @entity1723 .

title: Cross-section study of pulmonary function in XXXX with @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic factors and complications', 'diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in pulmonary capillary blood volume']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Enhanced garlic (Allium sativum) consumption is closely related to reduced @entity5 incidence, as shown in epidemiological studies. @entity35864 ( @entity22770 ), a component of garlic, inhibits the proliferation of @entity1 blood, @entity2 cells. Although @entity22770 had been reported to induce apoptosis in @entity1 @entity1778 HL-60 cells, there are no reports regarding whether or not it affects @entity1778 cells in vivo. Therefore, the present study is focused on the in vivo effects of @entity22770 on @entity19 @entity1778 cells. The effects of @entity22770 on @entity19 @entity19 cells were initially examined, and the results indicated that @entity22770 induced @entity137 and that this effect was dose-dependent. The effects of @entity22770 on WEHI-3 in BALBIc @entity19 were also examined, and the results indicated that @entity22770 decreased the percentage of @entity9674 marker, indicating that differentiation of the precursor of macrophage and T cells was inhibited. The weights of liver and spleen were also measured, and the results indicated that @entity22770 decreased the weight of these organs. An important characteristic of WEHI-3 @entity1778 is the enlarged spleen in @entity19 after i.p. injection of @entity19 cells. Based on pathological examination, the function of @entity22770 was observed in the liver and spleen of @entity19 previously injected with @entity19 cells. Apparently, @entity22770 affects @entity19 cells both in vitro and in vivo.

title: @entity35864 inhibits XXXX @entity1778 cells in vivo.

entities_list: @entity35864 :: ('MESH:C028009', 'Chemical') :: ['Diallyl disulfide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['colon, lung and skin cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['WEHI-3']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Propolis is a @entity5157 product widely used in folk medicine due to its numerous pharmacological properties. However, samples from different regions can differ in chemical composition, effectiveness, and side effects. Despite the widespread use of Brazilian red propolis, which is an @entity3093 -rich variety, its @entity137 has not been carefully studied. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To assess the acute and sub-acute @entity137 of the @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) administered orally to @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2194 for the acute (300mg/kg) and sub-acute (10, 100 and 200mg/kg) @entity137 studies was administered orally to @entity35 according to OECD Guidelines 420 and 407, respectively. Clinical signs were identified, and hematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Water and food uptake as well as body and organ weights of animals were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The acute study revealed no lethal effects at 300mg/kg of @entity2194 , but toxic signs were observed, as @entity2194 had an LD50 of more than 300mg/kg, indicating a warning. The most toxic signals in sub-acute studies were observed in males at a dose of 200mg/kg @entity2194 . These results suggest @entity172 -like activity, possibly from the @entity6400 in @entity2194 .

title: Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of Brazilian red propolis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['hydroethanolic extract of red propolis', 'HERP']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Cell proliferation and patterning must be coordinated for the development of properly proportioned organs. If the same molecules were to control both processes, such coordination would be ensured. Here we address this possibility in the @entity238 wing using the Dpp signaling pathway. Previous studies have shown that Dpp forms a gradient along the AP axis that patterns the wing, that Dpp receptors are autonomously required for wing cell proliferation, and that ectopic expression of either Dpp or an activated Dpp receptor, @entity42284 ( @entity58716 ), causes overgrowth. We extend these findings with a detailed analysis of the effects of Dpp signaling on wing cell growth and proliferation. Increasing Dpp signaling by expressing @entity42284 ( @entity58716 ) accelerated wing cell growth and cell cycle progression in a coordinate and cell-autonomous manner. Conversely, autonomously inhibiting Dpp signaling using a pathway specific inhibitor, Dad, or a mutation in @entity42284 , slowed wing cell growth and division, also in a coordinate fashion. Stimulation of cell cycle progression by @entity42284 ( @entity58716 ) was blocked by the cell cycle inhibitor RBF, and required normal activity of the growth effector, @entity10412 . Among the known Dpp targets, vestigial was the only one tested that was required for @entity42284 ( @entity58716 )-induced growth. The growth response to altering Dpp signaling varied regionally and temporally in the wing disc, indicating that other patterned factors modify the response.

title: A characterization of the effects of Dpp signaling on cell growth and proliferation in the XXXX wing.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']