abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Timed interval cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling by indwelling catheterization can be a valuable corroborative tool for the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment of drugs. CSF sampling in studies on drug candidates for @entity195 have been conducted in evaluations of the biomarkers @entity934 ( @entity1617 ), tau proteins, @entity477 and beta-amyloid fragments. The primary aim of this study was to study the feasibility and the burden on the healthy volunteers of serial CSF sampling within the contract research organization environment in order to establish a standardized research tool for future drug development studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a validation study in healthy subjects: eight healthy male subjects aged 55-75 years were enrolled. After eligibility had been confirmed, the subjects were admitted to the clinical pharmacology unit 2 days before starting the CSF sampling procedure. Hydration by drip infusion of 2 L saline was performed for 24 h before starting the CSF sampling procedure, and for antithrombotic purposes, @entity11270 (nadroparine @entity460 ) was given 12 and 36 h after intradural catheterization. CSF catheterization was performed by board-certified anesthesiologists with experience in inserting indwelling intrathecal catheters. Subjects only required to remain in a horizontal position for the first 24 h after removal of the catheter. CSF and blood samples were collected by interval sampling over a 30-h period. RESULTS: The study was completed by seven of the eight subjects. Six subjects who completed the study reported adverse effects (AEs) which were all mild and from which they recovered during their stay in the clinic. A total of 25 AEs were reported of which 13 were considered to be procedure-related. The procedure was well tolerated by all participating subjects, and the VAS scale scores for @entity10 and @entity615 were low. CSF samples were analyzed for @entity1617 . All values were above the lowest limit of quantification. On average, the @entity1617 concentration started at a low level but rose between 1 and 2 h after insertion of the catheter and then remained high during the whole sampling period up to 30 h. CONCLUSION: Serial sampling of CSF in seven healthy volunteers up to 30 h occurred without serious complications and was well tolerated. The CSF collected was of good quality and facilitated the assessment of an @entity195 -sensitive biomarker. We conclude that this validation study can form the basis for future @entity1 studies aimed at elucidating disease mechanisms and the pharmacodynamics of drugs in the developmental stage.

title: Serial CSF sampling over a period of 30 h via an indwelling spinal catheter in healthy volunteers: XXXX , @entity615 , tolerability and measured @entity934 profile.

entities_list: @entity11270 :: ('MESH:D017762', 'Chemical') :: ['Fraxiparine']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a surgical delay procedure and a combined surgical and chemical delay procedure on the survival of arterialized venous flaps. Experimental groups included (1) a control group, (2) a surgical delay (4-day and 7-day delay) group, and (3) a combined surgical and chemical ( @entity16427 , @entity12118 patch) delay group. These groups were further divided into subgroups (n = 10) depending on the delay period and the chemical agents. An arterialized venous flap was created on one ear of each @entity95 . In the arterialized venous flap, arterial inflow was provided by anastomosis of the central auricular artery to the anterior branch of the central auricular vein and a venous outflow through the anterior marginal vein. In the control group, the arterialized venous flaps without any delay procedure showed complete necrosis of all flaps. In the surgical delay group, the mean percentage survival of arterialized venous flaps was 36.6 percent in the 4-day delay group and 59.7 percent in the 7-day delay group. In the combined surgical and chemical delay group, a 3-day chemical delay followed by a 4-day simultaneous surgical and chemical delay resulted in mean percentage survival of the arterialized venous flaps of 81.1 percent in the @entity16427 group, 72.8 percent in the @entity12118 patch group, and 92.9 percent in a combination group of @entity16427 and @entity12118 patch. A 3-day chemical delay followed by a 7-day simultaneous surgical and chemical delay resulted in mean percentage survival of the arterialized venous flaps of 94 percent in the @entity16427 group, 90.2 percent in the @entity12118 patch group, and 99 percent in a combination group of @entity16427 and @entity12118 patch. In conclusion, the surgical delay procedure increased the percentage survival of the arterialized venous flaps in proportion to the delay period. The combination group of surgical and chemical delay procedures had a significantly greater percentage survival than that of the surgical delay group (p < 0.001), and the delay period could be shortened.

title: The effects of surgical and chemical delay procedures on the survival of arterialized venous flaps in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['doxazosin mesylate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) of the right atria in vitro produced positive and negative chronotropic responses in @entity35 and @entity840 . The negative component appeared only temporarily soon after the cessation of TNS and was usually masked by the positive component. The positive and negative chronotropic responses were accompanied by an increase and decrease in contractile force, respectively. @entity2165 (3 X 10(-6) M) decreased and @entity3897 (10(-6) M) potentiated the TNS-induced positive chronotropic response. In the presence of both @entity2165 and @entity3897 , @entity34394 accelerated the heart rate markedly in the right atria of @entity840 and slightly in those of @entity35 . TNS-induced acceleration of the heart rate was also observed in surgically sympathectomized or @entity2515 -pretreated (5 mg/kg/48 hr and 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr i.p.) right atrium, in which @entity6114 (up to 10(-4) M) exerted no appreciable effect. Inasmuch as @entity1022 (10(-6) M) almost abolished the TNS-induced chronotropic response, this @entity2165 - and @entity3897 -resistant response is likely mediated by nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerve(s). The NANC nerve-mediated positive chronotropic response was not affected by @entity3933 (10(-6) M), @entity4444 (10(-6) M), @entity3858 (10(-6) M) and @entity4033 (3 X 10(-6) M). The NANC nerve-mediated response was relatively slow at the onset yet long-lasting compared with adrenergic and cholinergic responses, suggesting that the neurotransmitter of the NANC nerve is a certain substance which may be inactivated more slowly than biogenic @entity4478 . Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like and substance P-like immunoreactive nerves in the right atrium, as well as @entity2922 -fluorescence and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pharmacological analysis of autonomic innervation of the right atria of XXXX and @entity840 : demonstration of nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol', 'Atenolol']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: To determine if @entity2479 cell (RGC) loss influences the loss of surrounding RGCs to generate clustered patterns of cell @entity204 in @entity1 @entity726 . It is hypothesised that @entity2479 cell loss accelerates the loss of surrounding cells to generate, at a local, cellular scale, clustered patterns of retinal of RGC @entity204 . The absence of these interactions would result in a diffuse pattern @entity989 . METHOD: Six @entity2788 (67-83 years old) and six age-matched control retinas (61-89 years old) were prepared as wholemounts and stained by @entity14939 ( @entity14939 ) solution (3 microg/ml in PBS). An area corresponding to central 14 degrees of the visual field was imaged. The nearest-neighbour distribution was determined for cells in both normal and glaucomatous RGCL. RESULTS: Clustered @entity989 in @entity1 @entity726 was observed on a background of diffuse loss. The mean nearest-neighbour distance (NND) of the @entity2788 was significantly higher than with controls (p<0.001). The distribution of NND in @entity2788 was skewed to the higher values with a higher positive kurtosis relative to controls. The quantitative analysis of the pattern of cell loss is supported by the visual inspection of the patterns of cell loss. DISCUSSION: The nearest-neighbour analysis is consistent with the presence of two patterns of cell loss in the RGCL in @entity726 . While the diffuse of cell loss can account for an overall reduction in the RGC population, an additional non-random pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that @entity989 has a local influence on the viability of surrounding cells.

title: Topography of neuron loss in the @entity2479 cell layer in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous retinas']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ['DAPI', "4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole"]

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of low dose volume of the lung on @entity6937 ( @entity1207 ) in @entity1 with @entity418 treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) only, and to analyze the relation of comprehensive parameters of the dose-volume V5, V20 and @entity358 ( @entity358 ) with acute @entity1207 . METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-two @entity1 with @entity418 treated by 3D-CRT have been followed up. The V5-V30 and @entity358 were calculated from the dose-volume histogram system. The clinical factors and treatment parameters were collected and analyzed. The acute @entity1207 was evaluated according to the RTOG @entity137 criteria. RESULTS: The acute @entity1207 of grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 were observed in 68 (30.6%), 40 (18.0%), 8 (3.6%) and 1 (0.5%) cases, respectively. The univariate analysis of measurement data:The @entity5 length, radiation fields, @entity358 and lung V5-V30 had a significant relationship with the acute @entity1207 . The magnitude of the number of radiation fields, the volume of GTV, @entity358 and Lung V5-V30 had a significant difference in whether the >=  grade 1 and >=  grade 2 acute @entity1207 developed or not. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that @entity358 , Lung V5, V20 and V25 were independent risk factors of >=  grade 1 acute @entity1207 , and the radiation fields, @entity358 and Lung V5 were independent risk factors of >=  grade 2 acute @entity1207 . The >=  grade 1 and >=  grade 2 acute @entity1207 were significantly decreased when @entity358 less than 14 Gy, V5 and V20 were less than 60% and 28%,respectively. When the V20  <= 28%, the acute @entity1207 was significantly decreased in V5  <= 60% group. When the @entity358 was  <= 14 Gy, the >=  1 grade acute @entity1207 was significantly decreased in the V5  <= 60% group. When the @entity358 was >14 Gy, the >=  grade 2 acute @entity1207 was significantly decreased in the V5  <= 60% group. CONCLUSIONS: The low dose volume of the lung is effective in predicting @entity1207 in @entity1 with @entity418 treated with 3D-CRT only. The comprehensive parameters combined with V5, V20 and @entity358 may increase the effect in predicting @entity1207 .

title: [Low dose volume histogram analysis of the lungs in prediction of @entity6937 in XXXX with @entity418 treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['mean lung dose', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation pneumonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very @entity101 during pregnancy poses a serious threat to @entity1 and their babies. The aim of antihypertensive therapy is to lower blood pressure quickly but safety, to avoid complications. Antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure but their comparative effectiveness and safety, and impact on other substantive outcomes is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To compare different antihypertensive drugs for very @entity101 during pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (9 January 2013). SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were randomised trials. @entity1 were @entity1 with severe @entity101 during pregnancy. Interventions were comparisons of one antihypertensive drug with another. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and assessed trial quality. Two review authors extracted data and checked them for accuracy. MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-five trials (3573 @entity1 ) with 15 comparisons were included. @entity1 allocated @entity460 channel blockers were less likely to have persistent @entity101 compared to those allocated @entity2514 (six trials, 313 @entity1 ; 8% versus 22%; risk ratio (RR) 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21 to 0.66). @entity6009 was associated with more persistent @entity101 than @entity2514 (three trials, 180 @entity1 ; 27% versus 6%; RR 4.79, 95% CI 1.95 to 11.73), but fewer side-effects (three trials, 120 @entity1 ; RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.53) and a lower risk of @entity2102 (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and lowered platelets) syndrome (one trial, 44 @entity1 ; RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.81). @entity6555 was associated with a lower risk of @entity551 compared to @entity6335 (one trial 90 @entity1 ; RR 0.06, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.99) and a lower risk of caesarean section (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.02), although both were borderline for statistical significance.Both @entity3931 and @entity2400 were associated with a high incidence of persistent @entity101 , but this risk was lower for @entity3931 compared to @entity2400 (one trial, 1650 @entity1 ; 47% versus 65%; RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.93). @entity3931 was associated with a lower risk of respiratory difficulties (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.99), fewer side-effects (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.85) and less postpartum @entity548 (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.92) than @entity2400 . Stillbirths and neonatal deaths were not reported.There are insufficient data for reliable conclusions about the comparative effects of any other drugs. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Until better evidence is available the choice of antihypertensive should depend on the clinician's experience and familiarity with a particular drug; on what is known about adverse effects; and on @entity1 's preferences. Exceptions are @entity3931 , @entity2400 (although this is indicated for @entity1 who require an anticonvulsant for prevention or treatment of @entity3036 ), @entity6335 and @entity6009 , which are probably best avoided.

title: Drugs for treatment of very XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['Labetalol']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine', 'Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['high blood pressure']


abstract: 1. Effects of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on the production of @entity379 , @entity1199 , @entity3646 and @entity225 by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were investigated. In addition, we investigated the effects of @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ) and a beta-adrenoceptor agonist on production of these cytokines. 2. Type IV, type III and nonselective PDE inhibitors were effective at inhibiting the production of @entity379 and @entity1199 production in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, @entity3646 and @entity225 production was inhibited by only the highest concentration of type IV inhibitor, and other agents had no effect on the production. 3. Similarly, @entity5393 inhibited the production of @entity379 and @entity1199 more potently than @entity3646 and @entity225 . 4. The addition of a beta-adrenoceptor agonist increased the inhibitory effect of PDE inhibitors tested on the production of @entity379 and @entity1199 . 5. These results indicate that PDE inhibitors or @entity268 -elevating agents modulate @entity1198 cytokine more effectively than Th2 cytokine production.

title: Modulation of XXXX - and Th2-like cytokine production from mitogen-stimulated @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells by phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyrylcyclic AMP', 'dbcAMP']

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3384 repair aims to normalize the disturbed anatomy and function. The authors determined whether normalization of blood circulation is achieved. METHODS: The authors measured the microcirculatory flow, @entity26 saturation, and hemoglobin level in the lip and nose of controls (n = 22) and in @entity1 with unilateral and bilateral @entity3384 . The authors measured these parameters before lip repair (n = 29 and n = 11, respectively), at the end of lip repair (n = 27 and 10, respectively), and in the late postoperative period (n = 33 and n = 20, respectively). The arterial flow velocity was measured in unilateral groups at the same time points (n = 13, n = 11, and n = 12, respectively). Statistical differences were determined using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Before surgery, the arterial flow velocities and microcirculation values were similar on each side of the face and between groups. The microcirculatory flow was significantly higher in the prolabium of bilateral @entity1 than in the philtrum of controls. All circulation values in unilateral and bilateral @entity1 in the late postoperative period were within the range of controls and of those before surgery. Intraoperatively, the authors consistently found a perforating artery on the superficial side of the transverse nasalis muscle. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be no intrinsic circulatory deficit in unilateral and bilateral @entity3384 @entity1 . The increased flow in the prolabium indicates a strong hemodynamic need in this territory, compelling its vascular preservation. Whether surgical preservation of the nasalis perforator artery is of long-term benefit should be addressed in future studies. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.

title: Intraoperative vascular anatomy, arterial blood flow velocity, and microcirculation in unilateral and bilateral XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['Cleft lip', 'cleft lip-cleft palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell cycle arrest after DNA damage is partly mediated through the transcriptional activation of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) by the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor gene. @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity876 are both critical in maintaining cell cycle control in response to DNA damage from radiation or chemotherapy. Therefore, we examined the role of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity876 in the determination of outcome for @entity1 who receive radiation and/or chemotherapy for @entity788 . METHODS: @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity876 protein expression were determined (with the use of immunohistochemistry) in specimens from 90 @entity1 with @entity788 . Forty-four @entity1 underwent surgical resection, and 46 @entity1 had either locally unresectable @entity5 (n = 9 @entity1 ) or distant metastases (n = 37 @entity1 ). Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 who underwent resection and 63% of the @entity1 who did not undergo resection received radiation and/or chemotherapy. RESULTS: @entity994 ( @entity994 ) expression was present in 48 of 86 @entity5 (56%) and was significantly (P<.05) associated with advanced @entity5 stage. Median survival among @entity1 with resected @entity788 who received @entity1753 with @entity994 ( @entity994 )-positive @entity5 was significantly longer than in @entity1 with no @entity994 ( @entity994 ) staining (25 vs. 11 months; P = .01). Fifty of 89 @entity5 (56%) stained positive for @entity876 protein. @entity876 overexpression was associated with decreased survival in @entity1 who did not undergo resection. CONCLUSIONS: Normal @entity994 ( @entity994 ) expression may be necessary for a beneficial response to current @entity1753 protocols for @entity788 . Alternate strategies for adjuvant therapy should be explored for @entity1 with @entity788 who lack functional @entity994 ( @entity994 ).

title: p21WAF1 expression is associated with improved survival after XXXX for @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['adjuvant chemoradiation']

answer: @entity1753 :: (MESH:D001169,Disease) :: ['adjuvant chemoradiation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To detect a mitochondrial mutation responsible for maternally transmitted @entity393 with late-onset neurologic features in a 3-generation Dutch family, and to describe the @entity393 , associated symptoms, and @entity394 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All maternally related family members (n = 69) were investigated using standard audiometry. In a selected group, vestibulo-ocular examinations and additional neurologic and ophthalmologic examinations were performed. Twenty milliliters of venous blood was taken from all @entity1 for genetic studies. SETTING: University medical center. RESULTS: All maternally related individuals carried an extra C at position 7472 of the mitochondrial genome. @entity393 was the only symptom or presenting symptom in most family members and most pronounced at higher frequencies. @entity393 at lower frequencies was demonstrated in individuals 10 years and older. Most @entity1 had @entity394 and were susceptible to @entity11535 , suggesting @entity409 . Neurologic complaints were infrequent and presented by older individuals; however, numerous enlarged mitochondria were found in a muscle biopsy specimen of an individual with @entity393 but without neurologic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory chain dysfunction should be considered as a possible cause of progressive @entity1274 . More research into the causes of high-frequency impairment should be considered, especially when @entity1274 , @entity3491 , is exclusively maternally transmitted. Maternal transmission of @entity393 can also be valuable in the diagnosis of unclear neurologic syndromes.

title: Early-onset XXXX caused by a mitochondrial mutation at position 7472.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['syndromal or nonsyndromal']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['vestibulocerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['motion sickness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular hyperreactivity', 'vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss and late-onset neurologic complaints']


abstract: @entity850 in the newborn. Respiratory distress in the newborn can have a variety of aetiologies, the best known of which are cardiac and @entity358 . Major nasal airway obstruction is probably often overlooked when acute desaturation of the neonate requires reanimation procedures, although it is well established that the baby is an obligate nose breather at birth. Nasal airway @entity850 or @entity1146 could account for a number of unexplained deaths in the delivery room. In the differential diagnosis of major nasal airway obstruction in the newborn, @entity16453 is by far the most common aetiology. However, a few cases of pyriform aperture @entity850 have been reported. One @entity1 presenting this pathology was recently treated at the Brussels University @entity1 's Hospital. Unexpectedly, the baby survived until 3 months without any medical support but had severe feeding problems. The diagnosis was confirmed by naso-sinusal CT scan. Surgery was performed at 4 months through an unusual endonasal approach which seems to be less traumatic than the classical sublabial approach. The post-operative course was satisfactory. The 9-month-old @entity1 does not now show residual breathing problems. The presentation will focus on this unusual case.

title: XXXX in the newborn.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Apertura pyriformis stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Apertura pyriformis stenosis']


abstract: The present study was done to delineate cause-effect relationships between the @entity1068 ( @entity167 )-induced stress response, natural-killer (NK)-cell activity, and resistance to experimental metastases of @entity19 @entity320 cells in @entity19 . Increased numbers of metastatic nodules were noted in the lungs of @entity19 treated with dosages of @entity167 that produce peak blood levels of 0.25-0.4%. @entity167 caused only a minor depletion of NK cells or NK-cell activity from the spleen or lungs of normal or B16F10-challenged @entity19 . However, in earlier studies we have shown consistent, significant decreases in NK-cell activity (approx. 50%) in spleen preparations from @entity167 -treated @entity19 . Depletion of NK cells by a monoclonal antibody increased the number of B16F10 nodules in the lungs, confirming an important role for NK cells for resistance to @entity19 metastases. Treatment of NK-cell-depleted @entity19 with @entity167 caused no further decrease in resistance to @entity19 cells, indicating that suppression of NK-cell activity is the major mechanism by which @entity167 suppresses resistance to B16F10 metastases. Adrenalectomy or a glucocorticoid antagonist partially prevented @entity167 -induced increases in the number of metastatic nodules in the lungs. Administration of exogenous @entity2819 increased the number of B16F10 nodules to an extent similar to that caused by @entity167 . These results indicate a role for the @entity167 -induced stress response in decreasing resistance to B16F10 metastases. @entity167 -induced decreases in resistance to @entity5 have also been reported in @entity35 . The findings of the present study support the possibility that this is a generalized phenomenon, which could occur in @entity1 .

title: @entity1068 decreases host resistance to pulmonary metastases in a @entity19 model: role of natural killer cells and the XXXX -induced stress response.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: @entity788 is one of the deadliest types of @entity5 . Previously, we showed that @entity519 increases invasiveness through upregulation of @entity2751 ( @entity2751 ) transcription in @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) cells. Here, we first evaluated whether @entity519 -induced increase in @entity2751 contributes to the proliferation of @entity1124 cells. We showed that @entity2751 , but not @entity8889 , inhibition decreases proliferation significantly under @entity519 conditions. To further investigate the effects of @entity2751 on @entity1124 growth, cell cycle analysis was carried out. Inhibition of @entity2751 under @entity519 led to G(0) /G(1) arrest and decreased S phase. As @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity136 , which are first-line drugs for @entity788 , are sensitive to S phase, we then evaluated whether @entity5050 -induced decreased S phase under @entity519 affected the chemosensitivity of @entity1487 and @entity136 in @entity1124 cells. @entity5050 treatment under @entity519 significantly decreased chemosensitivity to @entity1487 and @entity136 under @entity519 in both in vitro and in vivo models. In contrast, @entity900 , which is cell cycle-independent, showed significant synergistic effects. These results suggest that @entity519 -induced increase of @entity2751 directly contributes to the proliferation of @entity1124 cells through a hedgehog/ @entity8889 -independent pathway, and that decreased S phase due to the use of @entity2751 inhibitor under @entity519 leads to chemoresistance in S phase-sensitive anticancer drugs. Our results could be very important clinically because a clinical trial using @entity2751 inhibitors and chemotherapy drugs will begin in the near future.

title: Hedgehog inhibitor decreases chemosensitivity to @entity1487 and @entity136 under @entity519 conditions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-diamminedichloroplatinum']

entities_list: @entity5050 :: ('MESH:C000541', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopamine', 'Cyclopamine']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Objective. We hypothesized that a significant percentage of @entity1 who are referred to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) after calling their primary care physician's (PCP) office receive such instructions without the input of a physician. Methods. We enrolled a convenience sample of stable adults at an inner-city @entity341 . @entity1 provided written answers to structured questions regarding PCP contact prior to the @entity341 visit. Continuous data are presented as means    standard deviation; categorical data as frequency of occurrence. 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results. The study group of 660 @entity1 had a mean age of 41.7    14.7 years and 72.6% had income below  20,000/year. 472 @entity1 (71.51%; 67.9%-74.8%) indicated that they had a PCP. A total of 155 @entity1 (23.0%; 19.9%-26.4%) called to contact their PCP prior to @entity341 visit. For @entity1 who called their PCP office and were directed by phone to the @entity341 , the referral pattern was observed as follows: 31/98 (31.63%; 23.2%-41.4%) by a non-health care provider without physician input, 11/98 (11.2%; 6.2%-19.1%) by a non-healthcare provider after consultation with a physician, 12/98 (12.3%; 7.7%-20.3%) by a nurse without physician input, and 14/98 (14.3%; 8.6%-22.7%) by a nurse after consultation with physician. An additional 11/98, 11.2%; 6.2-19.1%) only listened to a recorded message and felt the message was directing them to the @entity341 . Conclusion. A relatively small percentage of @entity1 were referred to the @entity341 without the consultation of a physician in our overall population. However, over half of those that contacted their PCP's office felt directed to the @entity341 by non-health care staff.

title: Are XXXX who call a primary care office referred to the emergency department by non-healthcare personnel without the input of a physician?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Emergency Department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 were treated with whole-lung irradiation for symptomatic @entity358 . Treatment was most often given four days per week, 150 cGy per fraction, to 1050-1500 cGy (mean 1224 cGy). No acute @entity137 was observed. 89% of @entity1 completing therapy reported improvement in @entity1353 . All @entity1 responding symptomatically could reduce (and 78% could eliminate) @entity26 use. Chest x-rays showed concurrent improvement in 78% of cases, although this was > or = 50% clearance of infiltrate in only 28%. Symptomatic improvement was prompt, always occurring during the 2-2 1/2 week therapy course. Clinical response was transient in some @entity1 , but 12 weeks after therapy 56% remained symptomatically improved. Pulmonary KS indicated an advanced stage of @entity791 and survival was short (mean: 15.7 weeks after completion of therapy). @entity1 with poor performance status (Karnovsky: < or = 30%) and progression of disease despite chemotherapy had very short survival (mean: 3.2 weeks). For such @entity1 , a supportive care only approach without radiotherapy is suggested. For others, whole-lung irradiation provides prompt symptomatic improvement for most @entity1 , and offers a simple treatment approach with @entity137 for often debilitated @entity1 .

title: XXXX for Kaposi's sarcoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'little toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary KS']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Whole-lung irradiation']


abstract: Astrocytes exert a wide variety of functions with paramount importance in brain physiology. After @entity130 , astrocytes become reactive and they respond by producing a variety of inflammatory mediators that help maintain brain homeostasis. Loss of astrocyte functions as well as their excessive activation can contribute to disease processes; thus, it is important to modulate reactive astrocyte response. Melanocortins are peptides with well-recognized anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activity. Although melanocortin efficacy was shown in systemic models of @entity32 , mechanisms involved in their effects have not yet been fully elucidated. Central anti-inflammatory effects of melanocortins and their mechanisms are even less well known, and, in particular, the effects of melanocortins in glial cells are poorly understood. Of the five known melanocortin receptors (MCRs), only subtype 4 is present in astrocytes. @entity1628 has been shown to mediate melanocortin effects on energy homeostasis, reproduction, @entity32 , and neuroprotection and, recently, to modulate astrocyte functions. In this review, we will describe @entity1628 involvement in anti-inflammatory, anorexigenic, and anti-apoptotic effects of melanocortins in the brain. We will highlight @entity1628 action in astrocytes and discuss their possible mechanisms of action. Melanocortin effects on astrocytes provide a new means of treating @entity32 , @entity28 , and @entity179 , making them attractive targets for therapeutic interventions in the CNS.

title: Astrocytes: new targets of XXXX actions.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury or infection']

answer: @entity1628 :: (4160,Gene) :: ['melanocortin 4 receptor']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Postal survey. OBJECTIVE: To describe the health behaviour of @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) living in the community and the relationships between health behaviour, respondent/injury characteristics, and health-related variables: the presence and number of @entity73 , readmissions in rehabilitation centre and hospital, and perceived health. SETTING: Members of the Dutch Association of @entity1 with @entity1566 . METHODS: The frequency of health behaviours, that delay or prevent @entity73 , was assessed by means of a 22-item, self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire was also focused on 13 @entity73 . RESULTS: The frequency of engaging in health behaviour varied considerably between the respondents. Variance was observed between and within the health behaviours measured. The respondents did not frequently engage in pressure relief methods when sitting/driving in their wheelchair. Almost no statistical differences were observed between health behaviour of subgroups of respondents based on respondent/injury characteristics. However, the total health behaviour scores increased significantly with increasing age and pressure sore prevention was significantly more applied in @entity1 with a complete lesion. Health behaviour was significantly more applied in respondents who had one or more @entity73 . CONCLUSION: As @entity73 are prevalent among @entity1 with @entity1566 and education on a healthy lifestyle is a core component of every rehabilitation programme, it is of great importance to rigorously test the efficacy of health behaviours promoted during rehabilitation. Therefore, longitudinal research is recommended.

title: Health behaviour of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['secondary impairments']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Compare perioperative course and long-term mortality after liver resection for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity3 between @entity1 who had preoperative treatment with portal vein embolization (PVE) and chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. METHODS: Among @entity1 undergoing liver resection for @entity14 @entity3 following preoperative chemotherapy treatment, 17 @entity1 who had received preoperative PVE (group A) were compared with 17 matched controls who had no PVE (group B). Perioperative course and long-term mortality were compared between groups A and B and between group A and the entire group of 75 cases with preoperative chemotherapy (group C). RESULTS: Baseline characteristics for the matched groups A and B were similar. Group C included less major resections. Median @entity954 was 1600 ml in group A, 1200 ml in group B, and 1000 ml in group C (p < 0.05 vs. group A). Median postoperative stay was comparable in all groups (8-9 days). Operation time was 542 min in group A and 464 min in group B (p < 0.01). Mortality after 30 days and 1, 2, and 5 years was similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: Perioperative outcome and long-term survival did not differ when comparing liver resection for @entity14 liver @entity3 preceded by PVE and chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone, except for the operation time. The study supports the safety of this "aggressive" combination approach in @entity1 in need of @entity5 "downstaging" by chemotherapy and PVE to increase the remnant liver volume.

title: Combined portal vein embolization and preoperative chemotherapy prior to liver resection for @entity14 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: To assess the impact of the diagnosis and modern treatment of @entity5 on achievement of adult goals, the authors evaluated employment, health and life insurance coverage, marriage, divorce, and reproduction in 227 former @entity5 @entity1 . Each area was evaluated in relation to a common set of disease and demographic factors that included age at follow-up, age at diagnosis, gender, marital status, history of disease recurrence, and diagnosis. @entity1 were younger than 20 years of age at diagnosis, and their diagnoses were made between January 1, 1960, and December 31, 1984. The median age at diagnosis was 11.4 years, and the median age at follow-up was 26.6 years. The percentage of unemployed male respondents did not differ from population norms. The percentage of unemployed female respondents, however, was slightly higher than that of the United States population. Approximately 11% of the survivors reported some form of employment-related discrimination, a level significantly lower than that of prior reports. Company-offered health insurance was provided to 92.4% of full-time and 90.0% of part-time employed respondents. Life insurance was purchased by 60% of full-time employed @entity1 and 55% of @entity1 . These percentages were lower than those reported for the United States population. Twenty-four percent of those with life insurance had difficulty obtaining it. Fifty-eight percent of the subjects were married or lived as married. The percentages of married @entity1 and @entity1 were significantly lower than United States norms. Twenty percent of those who were married or lived as married have divorced or separated or no longer live as married. @entity1 aged 20 to 24 years were less likely to marry, and @entity1 aged 35 to 44 years had a significantly higher frequency of divorce than similarly aged United States @entity1 . In general, the history of @entity5 did not influence the decision to marry or live as married but was occasionally (20%) important in the decision to dissolve a marital relationship. Many former @entity1 indicated that their diagnosis and treatment for @entity5 influenced their decision to have @entity1 . The current study suggests that most former @entity5 @entity1 achieve adult life goals. Additional research is necessary to define those populations at greatest risk of failure to achieve these goals.

title: Achievement of life goals by adult survivors of modern treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['childhood cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical role of the @entity5693 ( @entity5693 ) has not been fully defined. AIMS: To determine the technical results of @entity5693 and the clinical outcome of @entity1 undergoing the procedure. METHODS: Retrospective audit of the results of the first 31 procedures performed in Melbourne. RESULTS: Thirty procedures were performed for variceal @entity548 , one procedure was for @entity843 . The aetiology of the @entity409 was @entity82 due to @entity167 in 20, cryptogenic in five, chronic @entity1800 in four, and @entity3619 in one. Nodular regenerative @entity1373 was present in one @entity1 . Seventy-seven per cent of procedures were considered successful based on the angiographic demonstration of shunt patency at the end of the procedure. The in-hospital mortality in all @entity1 undergoing @entity5693 was 45% and was 42% in @entity1 undergoing technically successful @entity5693 . Only age could be identified as predictive of @entity204 in hospital. In @entity1 leaving hospital, we found a rebleeding rate of 57% with one @entity1 dying of @entity548 , one requiring balloon tamponade and two requiring variceal sclerotherapy. @entity99 was documented in six cases, shunt @entity715 in four cases, stent displacement in two cases and severe @entity99 in one case. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5693 has the potential to decompress the portal venous system, but the procedure is technically complex and should be performed in the knowledge that mortality and morbidity can be relatively high, particularly in @entity1 whose condition is poor.

title: Transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic shunts ( XXXX )--initial experience and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt', 'TIPS']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'Hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity5693 :: (MESH:D006501,Disease) :: ['TIPS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of dacetuzumab in @entity1 with refractory or recurrent @entity1892 ( @entity1893 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: In this open-label, dose-escalation phase I study, dacetuzumab was administered to six cohorts of adult @entity1 . In the first cohort, @entity1 received 2 mg/kg weekly for 4 weeks; in all other cohorts, an intrapatient dose-escalation schedule was used with increasing doses up to a maximum of 8 mg/kg. @entity1 with clinical benefit after one cycle of dacetuzumab were eligible for a second cycle. RESULTS: In the 50 @entity1 who received dacetuzumab, no dose dependence of adverse events (AEs) was observed. The most common AEs in >or= 20% of @entity1 were @entity1295 , pyrexia, and @entity10 ; most were grade 1 or 2. Noninfectious @entity735 occurred in 12% of @entity1 . AEs grade >or= 3 occurred in 30% of @entity1 and included disease progression, @entity417 , @entity1143 , and @entity882 . Most laboratory abnormalities were grade 1 or 2; transient elevated hepatic aminotransferases occurred in 52% of @entity1 . Two @entity1 experienced dose-limiting @entity137 : grade 3 @entity2024 and transient @entity1018 in cohort (1), and grade 3 ALT elevation in cohort IV. The MTD of dacetuzumab was not established at the dose levels tested. Six objective responses were reported (one complete response, five partial responses). @entity5 size decreased in approximately one third of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Dacetuzumab monotherapy was well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1893 in doses up to 8 mg/kg/wk. Preliminary response data are encouraging and support additional studies of dacetuzumab in this @entity1 population.

title: Phase I study of the humanized anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody dacetuzumab in refractory or recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory eye disorders']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ["B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: @entity224 ( @entity3612 ) exerts its physiological actions in part by causing changes in gene transcription. In thick ascending limbs flow-induced @entity3612 (-)production is mediated by @entity1110 oxidase 4 ( @entity16228 ) and is dependent on @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). @entity35266 ( @entity35266 ) increases @entity16228 activity, but it is not known whether @entity16228 translocates to the nucleus and whether @entity35266 participates in this process. We hypothesized that luminal flow causes @entity16228 translocation to the nuclei of thick ascending limbs in aPKC-dependent process facilitated by @entity35266 . To test our hypothesis, we studied the subcellular localization of @entity16228 and @entity35266 using confocal microscopy and @entity3612 (-)production in the absence and presence of luminal flow. Luminal flow increased the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic intensity of @entity16228 ( @entity5577 ) from 0.3      0.1 to 0.7      0.1 (P  <  0.01) and @entity3612 (-)production from 89      15 to 231      16AU/s (P  <  0.001). In the presence of flowPKCinhibition reduced N/C from 0.5      0.1 to 0.2      0.1 (P  <  0.01). Flow-induced @entity3612 (-)production was also blocked (flow: 142      20AU/s; flow plusPKCinhibition 26      12AU/s;P  <  0.01). The cytoskeleton disruptor @entity11119 (1   mol/L) decreased flow-induced @entity16228 translocation by 0.3      0.01 (P  <  0.01); however, it did not reduce flow-induced @entity3612 (-) Flow did not alter @entity35266 localization. We conclude that: (1) luminal flow elicits @entity16228 translocation to the nucleus in aPKC- and cytoskeleton-dependent process; (2) @entity16228 activation occurs before translocation; and (3) @entity35266 is not involved in @entity16228 nuclear translocation. Flow-induced @entity16228 translocation to the nucleus may play a role in @entity3612 -dependent changes in thick ascending limbs.

title: Luminal flow induces XXXX oxidase 4 translocation to the nuclei of thick ascending limbs.

entities_list: @entity11119 :: ('MESH:D015638', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin D']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity5577 :: ('p|SUB|N||C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N/C']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']

entities_list: @entity35266 :: ('26073', 'Gene') :: ['Polymerase delta interacting protein 2', 'Poldip2']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To perform a systematic review/meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) in the treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: Database searches (accessed April 2009) were conducted to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Comparators of interest included all @entity734 , rate/rhythm strategies or catheter ablation in comparison with @entity734 . Primary @entity734 of interest were restricted to Class IC ( @entity6237 and @entity2779 ) and Class III ( @entity2643 , @entity2781 , @entity24724 and @entity2778 ). Data were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis and meta-analysis performed using the Peto odds ratio (OR)/fixed-effect model. RESULTS: 113 publications met inclusion criteria. Of these, 74 publications considered an AAD of primary interest. The odds of @entity955 recurrence were generally significantly lower with all active treatments versus non-active control. @entity24724 was the only AAD to show a (non-significant) trend towards reducing the odds of mortality with a narrow CI (OR 0.85 [0.66, 1.09]). Withdrawals due to adverse events (AEs), incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) and treatment discontinuation were increased following active treatment compared with control, with few significant differences reported between active treatments. Data for other morbidity outcomes such as @entity65 , hospitalizations or persistence/compliance and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were limited and meta-analyses were not possible for these outcomes. CONCLUSION: The current meta-analysis confirms the efficacy of @entity734 in preventing @entity955 recurrence, although their use is associated with a greater incidence of AEs and treatment discontinuation. Further RCTs are required to establish the benefit of @entity734 in the management of both morbidity outcomes and HRQoL.

title: Interventions for the treatment of XXXX : a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2781 :: ('MESH:C063533', 'Chemical') :: ['dofetilide']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity24724 :: ('MESH:C118667', 'Chemical') :: ['Dronedarone', 'dronedarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['anti-arrhythmic drugs', 'AADs']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The epigenetic down-regulation of genes is emerging as a possible underlying mechanism of the GABAergic @entity528 in @entity161 . For example, evidence has been presented to show that the promoters associated with @entity24109 and @entity9372 are down-regulated as a consequence of @entity16610 ( @entity16610 )-mediated hypermethylation. Using neuronal progenitor cells to study this regulation, we have previously demonstrated that @entity16610 inhibitors coordinately increase @entity24109 and @entity9372 mRNAs. Here, we report that another group of epigenetic drugs, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, activate these two genes with dose and time dependence comparable with that of @entity16610 inhibitors. In parallel, both groups of drugs decrease @entity16610 , @entity15786 , and @entity15894 protein levels and reduce @entity16610 enzyme activity. Furthermore, induction of the @entity24109 and @entity9372 mRNAs is accompanied by the dissociation of repressor complexes containing all three DNMTs, @entity8251 , and @entity17029 from the corresponding promoters and by increased local histone acetylation. Our data imply that drug-induced promoter demethylation is relevant for maximal activation of @entity24109 and @entity9372 transcription. The results suggest that HDAC and @entity16610 inhibitors activate @entity24109 and @entity9372 expression through similar mechanisms. Both classes of drugs attenuate, directly or indirectly, the enzymatic and transcriptional repressor activities of DNMTs and HDACs. These data provide a mechanistic rationale for the use of epigenetic drugs, individually or in combination, as a potential novel therapeutic strategy to alleviate deficits associated with @entity161 .

title: The @entity24109 and XXXX promoters are activated by epigenetic drugs that facilitate the disruption of local repressor complexes.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16610 :: ('1786', 'Gene') :: ['DNMT', 'DNMT1', 'DNA methyltransferase']

answer: @entity9372 :: (2571,Gene) :: ['GAD67']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant cell clones resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy frequently lead to treatment failure in @entity1 with @entity463 multiforme. Preliminary studies suggest that adding @entity503 to conventional therapy may improve treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of adding @entity503 to conventional therapy for @entity463 multiforme. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico. @entity1 : 30 @entity1 with surgically confirmed @entity463 confined to 1 cerebral hemisphere, with a Karnofsky performance score greater than 70, no comorbid disease, and age younger than 60 years. INTERVENTIONS: Oral @entity503 at 150 mg/d for 12 months beginning on postoperative day 5 or placebo. All @entity1 received conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome was survival after surgery; surviving @entity1 were followed up to October 2005. Periodic evaluation using the Karnofsky scale and imaging studies, as well as hematologic tests and ophthalmologic examinations, was done in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Median survival after surgery was 24 months for @entity503 -treated @entity1 and 11 months for controls. At the end of the observation period, 6 @entity1 treated with @entity503 had survived 59, 45, 30, 27, 27, and 20 months, respectively; 3 @entity1 from the control group had survived 32, 25, and 22 months, respectively. Although not statistically significantly different, the rate of death with time was approximately half as large in @entity1 receiving @entity503 as in @entity1 receiving placebo (hazard ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.21 to 1.26]; P = 0.139). LIMITATIONS: The observed advantage of @entity503 may be due to chance; differences in pretreatment characteristics and conventional treatment regimens could not be adjusted for because of the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: @entity503 may improve mid-term survival when given in addition to conventional therapy for @entity463 multiforme. These results suggest that larger, more definitive studies of @entity503 as adjuvant therapy for @entity463 are warranted.

title: Adding @entity503 to conventional treatment for XXXX multiforme: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine', 'Chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: A 4-week, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, comparing the efficacy and safety of @entity6914 emollient cream 0.05% and its vehicle, was conducted at four private dermatology clinics in 81 non-hospitalized @entity1 (> or = 12 years old) with moderate-to-severe @entity483 covering 2% or more of their body surface. All @entity1 had at least one lesion 2 cm or more in diameter. Three signs/symptoms of @entity75 ( @entity5105 , @entity111 , and induration/papulation) were scored by investigators on a scale of 0-3 (in 0.5-point increments; 0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe); the total of the three scores had to be > or = 6 for @entity1 to qualify for study entry. @entity1 were excluded if they were immunocompromised, pregnant, or nursing; had @entity272 , @entity8721 or striae in skin areas to be treated; or had received topical treatments for @entity483 within 1 week prestudy, intramuscular @entity2713 within 6 weeks prestudy, or long-term systemic corticosteroid usage within 6 months prestudy. @entity1 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either @entity6914 emollient 0.05% twice daily (n = 41), or the emollient vehicle twice daily (n = 40), for 4 weeks. A fingertip unit, equaling approximately 0.5 g in males and 0.43 g in females (enough to cover approximately 2% of the body), was used to measure and apply a thin film of study drug to the affected areas. The efficacy was evaluated by investigators and @entity1 on days 4, 8, 15, and 29 after initiation of therapy, and 2 weeks after the end of treatment (day 43). Investigators performed a physician's gross assessment based on the percentage improvement of the @entity75 . They also rated changes from baseline in mean severity scores for six individual signs/symptoms ( @entity5105 , @entity111 , induration/papulation, lichenification, erosion/oozing/crusting, and scaling/dryness) and for total signs/symptoms according to the severity scoring system described above. @entity1 rated their response to treatment as excellent, good, fair, poor, or worse. Laboratory assessments were made on days 15, 29, and (if necessary) day 43.

title: @entity6914 emollient 0.05% in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesions', 'target lesion']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['clobetasol propionate']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occasionally, @entity1 with clinical T4 (cT4) @entity263 undergo surgery. Published data on outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) in @entity1 with such advanced stage disease and on the impact of adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) and @entity34 ( @entity34 ) are nonexistent. METHODS: Data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data base were reviewed for the 7-year period from 1995 to 2001. Specifically, data were analyzed for 1093 @entity1 with cT4, lymph node-negative or lymph node-positive, @entity263 without distant lymph node involvement or a history of other @entity5 . Using follow-up data through 2002, postdiagnosis survival was examined in 5 treatment groups: radical prostatectomy (RP) either alone or in combination with other therapy, @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) alone, @entity34 ( @entity34 ) alone, @entity1161 plus @entity34 , and no treatment (NT). All results were expressed as 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year observed survival and corresponding relative survival. Mortality across treatment categories was compared by using a Cox proportionate hazards model controlling for age, year of diagnosis, race, @entity5 grade, regional lymph node involvement, clinical @entity5 extension, and SEER registry. RESULTS: Observed and relative survival rates were lowest among @entity1 who received NT and highest among @entity1 who underwent RP. Adding adjuvant @entity1161 or @entity34 to RP conferred no survival benefit. Multivariate survival analyses revealed a significant increase in mortality among @entity34 @entity1 and among @entity1 who received NT compared with @entity1 who underwent RP. The differences in survival among treatment types were most pronounced in a relatively small group of @entity1 who had positive regional lymph node extension. In all other @entity1 , the results suggested a modest (but not significant) improvement in survival after @entity1161 plus @entity34 . CONCLUSIONS: SEER data revealed that @entity1 who underwent RP for @entity263 had increased survival compared with @entity1 who received @entity1161 alone or @entity34 alone and had a survival comparable to that of @entity1 who received @entity1161 plus @entity34 . The benefit of RP appears to be limited to a relatively small subset of @entity1 who have regional lymph node extension.

title: Radical prostatectomy for clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['M0 prostate cancer', 'cT4 prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT-only', 'HT']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['T4 prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapeutic effect of tonsillectomy for immunoglobulin A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) has been widely recognized, but the mechanism by which tonsillar immunity leads to @entity631 has been unclear. We investigated subtypes and localization of dendritic cells (DCs) in tonsils and looked for relationships between the tonsillar DCs and the clinical features and renal histological changes of @entity1 with @entity6994 . METHODS: We examined tonsils from 33 @entity6994 @entity1 , using as control tonsillar specimens from subjects without @entity631 . Five distinct markers of DCs ( @entity26856 , @entity4897 , @entity20120 , @entity5687 and @entity4896 ) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of these DC markers were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The clinical data and histological results obtained evaluating renal biopsy tissues were statistically compared with immunological data. RESULTS: Of the five subtypes of DCs, @entity5687 (+) DCs were significantly increased in the tonsils of @entity6994 @entity1 compared with that of controls. Furthermore, the number of @entity5687 (+) DCs in the tonsils was positively and linearly correlated with the proportion of crescentic glomeruli in renal biopsy tissues and with the urinary protein level. Only few @entity5687 (+) cells, however, were found in the kidney biopsy specimens of @entity6994 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that increased @entity5687 (+) DCs in tonsils may play a directive role in the pathogenesis of @entity6994 . The present results support the therapeutic significance of tonsillectomy for @entity6994 @entity1 .

title: Clinical and immunological implications of increase in @entity5687 + dendritic cells in tonsils of XXXX with immunoglobulin A @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3B is a key enzyme in the mediation of the antilipolytic action of insulin in adipocytes, and activation of this molecule results in a reduced output of free @entity1718 (FFAs). An elevation of serum FFAs is known to cause insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver, which could be the primary cause of type 2 @entity6 . To elucidate whether @entity45044 is involved in this disease, we examined the @entity45044 gene expression in epididymal fat tissues of @entity28 insulin-resistant @entity6 KKAy @entity19 . We also examined the effect of an insulin-sensitizing drug, @entity12098 , on this gene expression. In adipose tissue of KKAy @entity19 , @entity45044 mRNA and its corresponding protein were reduced to 48 and 43% of those in C57BL/6J control @entity19 . Basal and insulin-stimulated membrane-bound PDE activities were also decreased to 50 and 36% of those in the controls, respectively. @entity12098 increased both @entity45044 mRNA and protein levels by 1.8-fold of those in untreated KKAy @entity19 . Basal and insulin-induced membrane-bound PDE activities were also increased by 1.6- and 2.0-fold, respectively. @entity12098 reduced the elevated levels of serum insulin, @entity413 , FFAs, and @entity412 in KKAy @entity19 . Thus, the reduced @entity45044 gene expression in adipose tissues could be the primary event in the development of insulin resistance in KKAy @entity19 , which was improved by @entity12098 possibly because of the restoration of the reduced @entity45044 gene expression.

title: Improvement in insulin resistance and the restoration of reduced phosphodiesterase 3B gene expression by XXXX in adipose tissue of @entity28 @entity6 KKAy @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12098 :: (MESH:C060836,Chemical) :: ['pioglitazone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissues become @entity548 and @entity4 coincident to @entity2520 ; however, there is little information concerning the biologic mechanisms which may produce these changes. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a macromolecule which enhances blood vessel growth and permeability. However, there is no information concerning gingival @entity7 concentrations within normal or diseased gingiva. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in gingival concentrations of @entity7 during initiation and progression of @entity2520 and compare them to changes in the number of blood vessel profiles and concentration of recognized markers of @entity2520 severity ( @entity650 [ @entity650 ]). METHODS: Normal (non- @entity548 adjacent to a < or =3 mm gingival sulcus) and inflamed gingiva ( @entity548 adjacent to a < or =3 mm, 4 to 6 mm, or >6 mm periodontal pocket) were studied. @entity7 and @entity650 concentrations were assessed by ELISA and the number of blood vessels determined by histomorphometric techniques. Data were placed into one of the following groups: < or =3 mm, normal; < or =3 mm, diseased; 4 to 6 mm, diseased; and >6 mm, diseased. These groups were compared by factorial ANOVA and Scheffe comparisons. In addition, groups were compared by simple and multiple regression and regression ANOVA to determine possible correlations between them. RESULTS: @entity7 and @entity650 concentrations were significantly lower within normal than within diseased gingiva. The number of blood vessel profiles and mean @entity650 concentrations were highest in diseased tissues adjacent to >6 mm sulci and were significantly correlated with @entity92 (P <0.001). In contrast, @entity7 concentrations were highest within diseased gingiva adjacent to 4 to 6 mm periodontal pockets (P <0.001) and were not correlated with @entity92 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 may be a factor in initiation and progression of @entity2522 to @entity2521 , possibly by promoting expansion of the vascular network coincident to progression of the @entity32 .

title: Vascular endothelial growth factors and progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhagic gingiva']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['sulcular depth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Involvement of the 16b1 (interaortocaval) @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) is considered to represent @entity3 . Although this is universally accepted, the role of routine frozen-section histopathological examination (HPE) of the 16b1 @entity1600 in the management of @entity1086 has not been previously reported. METHODS: A prospective study (August 2009-November 2011) using routine biopsy of 16b1 LNs and frozen-section HPE prior to radical resection in @entity1 deemed operable on preoperative evaluation and staging laparoscopy was carried out. RESULTS: Of the 451 @entity1086 @entity1 assessed, 251 (55.7%) were deemed operable on preoperative imaging. Of these, 68 (27.1%) were found to have disseminated disease on staging laparoscopy/laparotomy. Of the 183 @entity1 in whom 16b1 @entity1600 biopsy was performed, 34 (18.6%) had evidence of @entity3 on frozen-section HPE and the planned surgical resection was abandoned (Group A). Of the remaining 149 @entity1 (Group B), 142 (95.3%) underwent curative resection and seven (4.7%) were found to be unresectable as a result of locoregionally advanced disease. A comparison of findings in Group A with those in Group B showed no significant difference in the clinical stage of the @entity5 . The proportions of @entity1 with @entity1087 , elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and @entity1735 antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (P = 0.008, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Routine 16b1 @entity1600 biopsy prevented non-therapeutic radical resection and its associated morbidity in 18.6% of @entity1 deemed resectable on preoperative imaging and staging laparoscopy. The yield was higher in @entity1 with @entity1087 and elevated preoperative @entity5 marker levels.

title: Role of routine 16b1 XXXX biopsy in the management of @entity1086 : an analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'GBC']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity2744 are commonly diagnosed and monitored by measuring hormones of the @entity2339 . Because growth and development can markedly influence normal circulating concentrations of fertility hormones, accurate reference intervals established on the basis of a healthy, nonhospitalized pediatric population and that reflect age-, gender-, and pubertal stage-specific changes are essential for test result interpretation. METHODS: Healthy @entity1 and adolescents (n = 1234) were recruited from a multiethnic population as part of the CALIPER study. After written informed parental consent was obtained, @entity1 filled out a questionnaire including demographic and pubertal development information (assessed by self-reported Tanner stage) and provided a blood sample. We measured 7 fertility hormones including @entity53 , @entity251 (second generation), @entity1420 , sex hormone-binding globulin, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone by use of the Abbott Architect i2000 analyzer. We then used these data to calculate age-, gender-, and Tanner stage-specific reference intervals according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS: We observed a complex pattern of change in each analyte concentration from the neonatal period to adolescence. Consequently, many age and sex partitions were required to cover the changes in most fertility hormones over this period. An exception to this was prolactin, for which no sex partition and only 3 age partitions were necessary. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive database of pediatric reference intervals for fertility hormones will be of global benefit and should lead to improved diagnosis of pediatric @entity2744 . The new database will need to be validated in local populations and for other immunoassay platforms as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.

title: Complex biological pattern of fertility hormones in XXXX and adolescents: a study of healthy @entity1 from the CALIPER cohort and establishment of pediatric reference intervals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathies']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical findings, treatment and outcome of @entity1 with @entity189 in the L'Aquila area. METHODS: Fifteen cases of @entity189 seen between September 1991 and December 1999 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of L'Aquila were reviewed. Clinical, pathologic, surgical and follow-up data were collected from @entity1 records. Mean age at diagnosis was 66.4 years. All @entity1 were evaluated through a careful medical history and physical examination, vulvoscopy, abdomino-pelvic CT or MR, urethrocystoscopy, rectocolonscopy and SCC, and @entity787 determination. Radical surgery included six @entity1 treated by the Taussig-Way operation. Modified radical surgery accounted for nine @entity1 treated by the Byron three-incision approach. RESULTS: The major early complication was groin wound breakdown which occurred in four cases. The major late complication was chronic leg @entity4 which was reported in six @entity1 . The average number of nodes removed per @entity1 was 19.5. Seven @entity1 (46.7%) had a T2N0M0 pathologic stage, four (26.7%) were T2N1M0, four (26.7%) T1N0M0. Five @entity1 died of local and distant recurrences within 37 months after surgical treatment; ten @entity1 are alive, nine are apparently free from disease whereas one presented local and systemic recurrence within 18 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity189 predominantly affects older @entity1 . Most @entity1 in our series (11/15) had @entity5 more than 2 cm in diameter. Although the vulva is an external organ and early detection should be achieved, many @entity1 presented with extensive @entity75 due to both @entity1 and physician delay. Stage of disease, @entity5 size, and nodal metastases are potential prognostic factors useful in selecting @entity1 for a more conservative surgical approach.

title: Surgical treatment of invasive XXXX . Our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma', 'Vulvar carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the vulva']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the axial length (AXL) in unilateral @entity989 (CSC). METHODS: This retrospective case-control study was comprised of a consecutive case series of 35 @entity1 with acute unilateral idiopathic CSC, and age- and sex-matched 50 control eyes. AXL of both eyes of unilateral CSC @entity1 and the control eyes were investigated. AXL was measured by ultrasonic biometry, and the adjusted AXL was calculated for CSC eyes as measured AXL plus differences of foveal thickness between CSC and normal fellow eyes in millimeters. The main outcome measures were comparison of AXL between CSC, fellow and control eyes. RESULTS: The mean age of 35 CSC @entity1 was 45.5y, and 31 males were included. The adjusted AXL of CSC eyes was 23.52 mm, and the AXL of fellow eyes was 23.46 mm, and of control eyes 23.94 mm. The AXL of both CSC and fellow eyes were significantly shorter than control eyes (CSC vs control, P=0.044; fellow vs control, P=0.026). There was no statistically significant difference in AXL between CSC and fellow eyes. CONCLUSION: In unilateral idiopathic CSC, the AXL of CSC and fellow eyes are shorter than that of control eyes. Short AXL may be related with @entity3193 abnormality in CSC.

title: Axial length in unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal circulation']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: S fimbriae are able to recognize receptor molecules containing @entity3167 and are produced by pathogenic @entity526 strains causing @entity293 and menigitis. In order to characterize the corresponding genetic determinant, termed S fimbrial adhesin (sfa) gene cluster, we have cloned the S-specific genes from a urinary pathogen and from a @entity693 isolate. Nine genes are involved in the production of S fimbriae, two of these, sfaB and sfaC code for regulatory proteins being necessary for the expression of S fimbriae. Two promoters, PB and PC, are located in front of these genes. Transcription of the sfa determinant is influenced by activation of the promoters via SfaB and SfaC, the action of the H-NS protein and an RNaseE-specific mRNA processing. In addition, a third promoter, PA, located in front of the major subunit gene sfaA, can be activated under special circumstances. Four genes of the sfa determinant code for the subunit-specific proteins, SfaA (16 kda), SfaG (17 kda), SfaS (14 kda) and SfaH (29 kda). It was demonstrated that the protein SfaA is the major subunit protein while SfaS is identical to the sialic-acid-specific adhesin of S fimbriae. The introduction of specific mutations into sfaS revealed that a region of six @entity1522 of the adhesin which includes two @entity376 and one @entity369 residues is involved in the receptor specific interaction of S fimbriae. Additionally, it has been shown that SfaS is necessary for the induction of fimbriation while SfaH plays a role in the stringency of binding of S fimbriae to erythrocytes.

title: Regulation and binding properties of S fimbriae cloned from @entity526 strains causing @entity293 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bronchopeural @entity292 after pneumonectomy, with associated @entity3509 , has no standard therapy. The transsternal, transpericardial approach was used in all @entity1 presenting with a large @entity292 . METHODS: From 1974 through 1995, 55 @entity1 underwent transsternal, transpericardial closure of a @entity292 . Mean age was 62.7 years (range, 33 to 78 years). @entity5 had been the indication for pneumonectomy in 50 @entity1 and benign lesions in 5 @entity1 . The @entity292 was right-sided in 41 @entity1 (74.5%), and the bronchial stump was less than 2 cm in 25 (45.5%). Treatment of the concomitant @entity3509 was by closed drainage in 2 @entity1 , by repeated needle aspiration in 17, and by open thoracostomy in 36 @entity1 . Reamputation and closure of the stump was possible in 51 @entity1 ; in 4 a primary carinal resection was done. RESULTS: Three @entity1 died within 30 days after operation (5.4%, 70% confidence interval 2.4%-10.7%). Ten @entity1 died late during hospitalization, total hospital mortality, 23.6% (70% confidence interval 17.3% to 31.0%). Recurrent @entity292 symptoms were caused by a large recurrency in 6 @entity1 (all died), by a small one in 7 (one @entity204 due to @entity1151 ). Mean duration of hospital stay was 56 days (range, 2 to 174 days). At follow-up of 42 @entity1 , there were no recurrent @entity292 . All @entity1 with benign lesions are alive and well. Of 37 @entity5 @entity1 , 29 died, more than half due to @entity5 . Risk factors for @entity204 included recurrent @entity292 , short interval between pneumonectomy and onset of @entity292 , and closing technique. Risk factors for recurrent @entity292 were a short bronchial stump and the nonuse of an open thoracostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term results of transsternal closure are good, but hospital mortality is high. The present treatment of @entity1 with large postpneumonectomy @entity292 includes early open thoracostomy, improvement of nutritional status, transsternal closure using resorbable sutures, and closure of the pleural space 3 weeks later.

title: Transsternal closure of XXXX after pneumonectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Malignant disease', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas', 'bronchopleural fistula']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['bronchopleural fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important in @entity5 treatment. It refers to the @entity1 's perception of the effects of the disease and therapy, and their impact on daily functioning and general feeling of well being. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective study, a total of 100 @entity1 treated at our institution, completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire and the specific EORTC QLQ-H_N35 module. The questionnaires were distributed to the @entity1 between 12 and 60 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Global QoL score was 58.3 deterioration and mean score for functioning scale was 76.7. Fatigue (28.7    26.1), followed by financial problems (27.7    33.5), @entity22 (26.7    34.5) and @entity158 (26.3    29.9) had highest symptom score on QLQ-C30. Fatigue (r=-0.488), @entity22 (r=-0.416) and @entity158 (r =-0.448) showed highest value for significantly negative correlation to global QoL. In the H_N35 module, restriction of mouth opening (43.3    38.6), @entity2133 (40.7    36.9), sticky saliva (37.3    37.1) and eating in public (33.8    31.9) were the four worst symptoms. Swallowing problem (r=-0.438), eating in public (r=-0.420) and persistent severe speech (r=-0.398) ranked as the three worst symptoms with highest value for significantly negative correlation to global QoL. CONCLUSIONS: Longterm QoL after oncologic surgery and microvascular free flap reconstruction in @entity1 with @entity5 is satisfactory. Measurung QoL should be considered as part of the evaluation of @entity5 treatment.

title: Longterm quality of life after oncologic surgery and microvascular free flap reconstruction in XXXX with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'oral cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chemically modified @entity2930 (CMTs) on the production of gelatinases [ @entity5379 ] by @entity1 periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, and on the activity of recombinant gelatinases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 PDL cells were cultured with @entity32852 in concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 microm. Gelatin zymography was used to determine @entity5379 production of the cells. The amount of DNA present in the cultures was analyzed using a fluorescent assay. The @entity137 of the CMTs was also determined. Recombinant @entity1 @entity5379 were incubated with the CMTs (0-500 microm) and their activity was analyzed using an internally quenched fluorogenic substrate. RESULTS: @entity1476 production was stimulated up to sevenfold by @entity32852 at low concentrations (10-200 microm). No significant amounts of @entity1495 were produced. In contrast, @entity5379 activity was reduced by approximately 10-40-fold at higher concentrations (200-500 microm). @entity33954 had no effect on the production or on the activity of @entity5379 . Only CMT-3 and -8 had cytotoxic effects on the PDL cells at the highest concentrations. CONCLUSION: Surprisingly, CMTs are able to stimulate @entity1476 production at relatively low concentrations. However, at higher concentrations they exert a much stronger inhibitory effect on gelatinase activity. A possible stimulatory effect of CMTs on MMP production should be considered in their clinical use.

title: Chemically modified tetracyclines stimulate XXXX production by periodontal ligament cells.

entities_list: @entity5379 :: ('4313;4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9', 'MMP-2 and -9']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']


abstract: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Active surveillance has been widely accepted as a treatment tool for @entity263 , and use of the @entity263 Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria can select smaller and @entity5 in @entity258 . The study shows the pathological outcomes of radical prostatectomy for @entity1 with @entity258 who met the PRIAS criteria. It found that ~20% had unfavourable pathological features and only 30% satisfied insignificant @entity5 criteria with pT2 stage, a Gleason score  <=6 and @entity5 volume <2.5 mL. It concludes that close follow-up including repeat biopsy or MRI is necessary to minimize unexpected progression of disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the @entity263 Research International Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria in identifying indolent @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data from 1268 @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy without neoadjuvant therapy were retrospectively reviewed. Within this cohort, @entity1 with @entity258 (n = 211) were classified according to whether they met (Group A, n = 87) or did not meet (Group B, n = 124) the PRIAS criteria. Pathological upstaging, upgrading, @entity5 volume and 5-year @entity1486 recurrence-free survival were compared between the two groups, and factors that predicted upstaging, upgrading and @entity1486 recurrence were analysed by univariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS: Pathological T3 stage was present in 10.3% of @entity1 in Group A and in 18.5% of @entity1 in Group B (P = 0.08). Gleason score upgrading to 4+3 or greater was seen in 19.5% of Group A and in 29.9% of Group B (P = 0.01). The mean (range) @entity5 volume was 0.81 (0.03-5.09) mL in Group A and 1.40 (0.04-8.21) mL in Group B (P < 0.01). The rates of insignificant @entity5 with total @entity5 volume <2.5 mL, Gleason score  <=6 and stage pT2 were 30.6% in Group A and 15.4% in Group B (P = 0.07). With a median follow-up of 44 months, the 5-year @entity1486 recurrence-free survival rates were 91.2% in Group A and 86.4% in Group B (P = 0.47). In multivariate analysis, @entity1486 density and the PRIAS criteria were independent factors that predicted upstaging. CONCLUSIONS: Although use of the PRIAS criteria could select more favourable @entity5 even in @entity263 , about one in five @entity1 had unfavourable pathological outcomes and only three in ten had insignificant @entity5 . Close and careful follow-up is necessary to avoid misclassification or progression of disease, especially during the first few years of active surveillance.

title: Pathological and biochemical outcomes after radical prostatectomy in @entity1 with @entity263 meeting the XXXX International: Active Surveillance criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Cancer', 'low-risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'less aggressive tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: About 70% of the @entity1 operated on for a gastric bypass ( @entity356 [ @entity356 ]) suffer from dumping syndrome. In these @entity1 , previous studies have demonstrated a high glycemic variability with @entity4053 and with altered continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) profiles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with dietary counseling plus @entity11669 administration on the symptoms and on the characteristics of the CGM profile. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity1 with dumping syndrome were given dietary counseling for 6 weeks and also treated with @entity11669 (50-100   mg three times a day). Their symptoms and the features of the CGM were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: The symptoms disappeared in seven @entity1 . There was a significant increase in the time to the interstitial @entity413 (IG) peak and a reduction in the rate of the IG increase after a meal and in the rate of the IG decrease following the peak. The time below 60   mg/dL was significantly decreased, and the minimal IG value was significantly increased. The maximum and mean IG levels and the time above 140   mg/dL were decreased, but not significantly. Six @entity1 spent more than 1% of the time with IG values below 60   mg/dL before treatment, but after treatment this was reduced to one @entity1 . Before treatment only one @entity1 had an IG level neither below 60 or above 140   mg/dL, and after treatment four @entity1 were in this category. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary counseling and @entity11669 treatment eliminated the symptoms and improved the CGM profile of @entity1 suffering from dumping syndrome after @entity356 .

title: Usefulness of XXXX and dietary modifications to limit glycemic variability following @entity356 as assessed by continuous @entity413 monitoring.

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['RYGB', 'Roux-en-Y gastric bypass']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity11669 :: (MESH:D020909,Chemical) :: ['acarbose']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed morbidity, response and survival in @entity1 with metastatic @entity703 treated with high dose intravenous @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) based immunotherapy with the primary @entity703 in place. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of @entity1 with metastatic @entity703 and the primary @entity703 in situ who were treated at the surgery branch of the National @entity5 Institute. Of the @entity1 607 were treated with @entity1199 based therapy. @entity1 age, sex, sites of extrarenal disease, morbidity, and response and survival rates were examined. RESULTS: From 1986 to 1996, 51 @entity1 with the majority of disease at extrarenal sites were treated with the @entity5 in place. Treatment involved @entity1199 based regimens, reflecting the evolution of immunotherapy at the National Institutes of Health. When evaluating only extrarenal sites, response was complete in 1 and partial in 2 of the 51 cases (6%). No responses were noted in the primary @entity703 . Three @entity1 with responses at extrarenal sites underwent nephrectomy. The duration of response in these 3 cases was greater than 88, 11 and 4 months, respectively. Median survival in all 51 @entity1 was 13 months (range 1 to 86). CONCLUSIONS: Select @entity1 may be treated with @entity1199 based immunotherapy with the primary @entity703 in place with morbidity. A randomized study is needed to assess the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy for treating @entity1358 .

title: XXXX based immunotherapy for @entity1358 with the kidney in place.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'kidney tumor', 'renal carcinoma', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-2']