abstract: A 48-year-old Filipino female presented with unilateral acute onset @entity3856 and yellow discharge. On examination she had a corrected visual acuity of 6/5 in the right eye and 6/18 in the left eye. There was a left-sided periorbital @entity4 , with chemosis involving the bulbar conjunctiva on the temporal aspect. Ocular motility showed limitation of left-sided abduction with mild limitation of laevoelevation and laevodepression. She was afebrile and systemic examination was unremarkable. Medical history included diagnosis of @entity30 since the age of 20. She was on oral @entity2983 1 g for mildly active @entity1960 . Full blood count was normal but erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity1851 were raised. Blood culture and conjunctival swab were negative. Contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated enlargement of the lacrimal gland. She was managed conservatively with @entity1443 and @entity10425 for @entity158 and @entity4 . She recovered completely in 2 weeks with no sequelae.

title: Acute dacryoadenitis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['painful red eye, blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalamine']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection with @entity1082 ) is associated with uterine @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Approximately 80% of @entity3 cases are diagnosed in under-developed countries. Vaccine development relies on knowledge of HPV genotypes characteristic of LSIL, @entity2784 and @entity5 ; however, these genotypes remain poorly characterized in many African countries. To contribute to the characterization of HPV genotypes in Northeastern Tanzania, we recruited 215 @entity1 from the Reproductive Health Clinic at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. Cervical scrapes and biopsies were obtained for cytology and HPV DNA detection. RESULTS: 79 out of 215 (36.7%) enrolled @entity1 tested positive for HPV DNA, with a large proportion being @entity281 (74%). The prevalence of @entity1083 increased with lesion grade (14% in controls, 67% in CIN1 cases and 88% in CIN2-3). Among @entity3 cases, 89% had detectable HPV. Overall, 31 HPV genotypes were detected; the three most common HPV genotypes among @entity3 were @entity1799 , 35 and 45. In addition to these genotypes, @entity325 with HPV18, 31, 33, 52, 58, 68 and 82 was found in 91% of @entity3 . Among @entity1 with CIN2-3, HPV53, 58 and 84/83 were the most common. HPV35, 45, 53/58/59 were the most common among CIN1 cases. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with no evidence of cytological abnormalities, the most prevalent genotypes were HPV58 with @entity1799 , 35, 52, 66 and 73 occurring equally. Although numerical constraints limit inference, findings that 91% of @entity3 harbor only a small number of HPV genotypes suggests that prevention efforts including vaccine development or adjuvant screening should focus on these genotypes.

title: Distribution of HPV genotypes in cervical @entity5 in Tanzanian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cancers', 'ICC']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The influence of vasodilators with varying mechanisms of action on pressor responses mediated by alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors was investigated in chronically instrumented, conscious @entity235 . After ganglionic, cholinergic and beta adrenergic blockade, equipressor doses of @entity2647 (0.6 microgram/kg i.v.), a selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist, and @entity1882 933 (20 micrograms/kg i.v.) a selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, were administered before and in the presence of infusions of @entity594 (0.25-2.0 micrograms/kg/min), @entity7976 (4.0-32.0 micrograms/kg/min) or @entity1242 (1.0-8.0 micrograms/kg/min). @entity594 produced a dose-related attenuation of the increase in mean arterial pressure after bolus administration of @entity2647 (from 26 +/- 1 to 7 +/- 1 mm Hg) and @entity1882 933 (from 29 +/- 2 to 5 +/- 1 mm Hg). @entity7976 did not affect @entity2647 -mediated pressor responses but significantly attenuated those to @entity1882 933 (28 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 1 mm Hg). In contrast, @entity1242 had no effect on either @entity2647 or @entity1882 933-mediated responses. In additional experiments after autonomic nervous system blockade, multiple doses of @entity2647 (0.6, 1.25 and 2.5 micrograms/kg i.v.) and @entity1882 933 (10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg i.v.) were administered before and after i.v. infusions of @entity594 (1.0 microgram/kg/min) or @entity7976 (16.0 micrograms/kg/min). @entity594 significantly decreased the pressor responses to all doses of @entity2647 and @entity1882 933. In contrast, the attenuation from control of alpha-2-mediated increases in arterial pressure by @entity7976 was partially overcome at higher doses (40 micrograms/kg) of @entity1882 933.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effects of @entity594 , XXXX and @entity1242 on the pressor responses elicited by selective alpha-1 and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil', 'Nicorandil']

answer: @entity7976 :: (MESH:D020108,Chemical) :: ['nicorandil']


abstract: Measures of cortical folding ('gyrification') and connectivity are both reported to be disrupted in @entity161 . There are also reports that increases in prefrontal gyrification may be predictive of subsequent illness in individuals at familial risk of the disorder. Such measures therefore have important potential clinical relevance. The nature of the relationship between cortical morphology and underlying connectivity is however unclear. In the current study we sought to explore the relationship between measures of gyrification and functional connectivity in a cohort of individuals at high genetic risk for the disorder. The theoretical background is based on the hypothesis that increased gyrification index (GI) in the prefrontal cortex may reflect increased short range regional connectivity. The cohort comprised 68 young unaffected relatives of @entity161 @entity1 and 21 healthy controls. Cortical folding was assessed using an automated Gyrification Index method (A-GI). @entity1 performed the Hayling sentence completion paradigm in the scanner and measures of functional connectivity were assessed using a correlation based approach. In the high risk subjects significant positive associations were found between prefrontal GI and prefrontal lateral-medial connectivity, while a negative correlation was found between prefrontal GI and prefrontal-thalamic connectivity. These associations indicate that measures describing morphological features of the brain surface relate to measures of underlying functional connectivity in the high risk subjects. Correlations in high risk @entity1 were more pronounced than in control subjects. We suggest our previous finding of increased prefrontal gyrification may therefore relate to increased local short range prefrontal connectivity and reduced long range connectivity.

title: Relationship between gyrification and functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex in subjects at high genetic risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rituximab is being used successfully in the treatment of @entity1 with chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. The success of treatment by rituximab is influenced, among other factors, by the antigen density on @entity5 cells. Therefore, the authors analyzed and compared the densities of the @entity2225 antigen in @entity1 with @entity1071 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ), and @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The control group consisted of blood donors. The @entity2225 density was measured on @entity5 cell populations in @entity1 and on the B-lymphocytes of the control group. The density was expressed in MESE In the @entity1 with @entity1072 and @entity1072 , the @entity2225 density was low (25,300 vs. 36,100 MESF) and it was significantly lower than in donors (172,800 MESF; p<0.001). The difference between @entity1072 and @entity1072 @entity1 was not statistically significant. The density in @entity1073 @entity1 (196,300 MESF) was comparable to that of donors. CONCLUSIONS: We did not prove statistical different density of @entity2225 antigen in @entity1 with @entity1072 when compared with @entity1072 @entity1 . High density in @entity1073 @entity1 may be helpful in differential diagnosis against @entity1072 and

title: [Density expression of the @entity2225 antigen on population of XXXX cells in @entity1 with chronic B-lymphocyte lymphoproliferative diseases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphoproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lymphocytic lymphoma', 'SCLL', 'B-CLL', 'B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle-cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Effective health care models to scale up combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) are needed in rural southwestern China. We aimed to evaluate the ART treatment outcomes and their associations with @entity1 ' demographic characteristics and pre-treatment clinical features in a scaled-up provincial ART program serving eight heavily @entity645 -affected prefectures in Yunnan Province. We abstracted information from a computerized database for adults initiating ART between July 2007 and September 2008. Survival functions of mortality and treatment failure were calculated by age group, gender, transmission mode, and baseline @entity404 count. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to find independent associations of various demographic and baseline clinical features with outcome variables. Of the 1967 @entity1 in the mortality analysis, there were 110 deaths, of which 16 were coded as accidents or suicides. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) associated with mortality were greater for @entity1 with baseline @entity404 counts <100 cells/  l vs. @entity1 with @entity404 counts >= 200 cells/  l, for male vs. female, for single vs. married, and for those acquired @entity645 through injection drug use (IDU) vs. other modes of transmission. Successful treatment was 81.3% at six months after treatment started. Immunologic treatment failure was associated with baseline @entity404 counts but not with demographic characteristics. Overall loss to follow-up rate was 2.1%. Collaboration between clinics and community networks are distinctive features of Yunnan's model for scaling up ART across a diverse, poor, and rural population. This study finds that the strategy can succeed even if 40% of the @entity1 have a history of IDU.

title: Expansion of XXXX care and treatment in Yunnan Province, China: treatment outcomes with scale up of combination antiretroviral therapy.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have reported substantial cross-cultural variations in rates of @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ) in relatives of @entity1 with @entity161 . As a first attempt from Pakistan, this study aimed to measure the components of @entity5785 among relatives of @entity1 with @entity161 in a different socio-cultural set-up. METHOD: Thirty-two key family members were interviewed using the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) and Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS). RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of the family members appeared to be high @entity5785 with the majority rated so on the basis of hostility alone. Moreover, symptomatic behavior of the @entity1 contributed more to the rating of relatives hostility. Pakistani relatives showed higher levels of emotional over-involvement and hostility as compared to many other cultures. In comparison to CFI, the FMSS showed lower sensitivity for identifying high @entity5785 relatives, thus it may not be very suitable to use on its own in Pakistan for cultural reasons. LIMITATIONS: Lack of follow-up data and small sample size limit the scope of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Pakistani relatives appeared to be more hostile yet emotionally over-involved and warm toward their sick relatives as compared to the households reported in many previous studies. Psycho-educational programs need to be initiated for the concerned families to reduce their level of hostility. Outcome studies are also warranted in order to understand any link between high @entity5785 and relapse of @entity161 in Pakistan.

title: Rates of expressed emotions in Pakistani relatives of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['EE', 'Expressed Emotions']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Radiotherapy is an important modality for @entity5 treatment. The central goal of radiotherapy is to deliver a therapeutic dose to the @entity5 as much as possible whilst sparing the surrounding normal tissues. On one hand, heavy ion radiation induces maximum damage at the end of the track (called the Bragg Peak). Hadron therapy based on heavy ions is considered superior to conventional X- @entity16039 and y- @entity16039 radiations for @entity5 sited in sensitive tissues, childhood cases and @entity5 . On the other hand, radiation sensitizers enhanced the radiation effects in @entity5 by increasing the dose specifically to the @entity5 cells. Recently, the use of gold nanoparticles as potential @entity5 selective radio-sensitizers has been proposed as a breakthrough in radiotherapy with conventional radiations. The enhanced radiation effect of heavy ions in @entity5 by using gold nanoparticles as radio-sensitizer may provide alternative in hadron therapy. In this study, we investigated the radiosensitizing effects of @entity505 ions with a linear energy transfer of 70 keV/ m in the presence of 15 nm @entity3736 -capped AuNPs. The existing of AuNPs resulted in 5.5-fold enhancement in @entity3787 radical production and 24.5% increment in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for @entity505 -ion-irradiated HeLa cells. The study indicated gold nanoparticles can be used as potential radio-sensitizer in @entity505 ions therapy.

title: The Radiation Enhancement of 15 nm XXXX -Capped Gold Nanoparticles Exposed to 70 keV/ m @entity505 Ions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'radioresistant cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

answer: @entity3736 :: (C102006,Chemical) :: ['Citrate']


abstract: Although the involvement of the Notch pathway in several areas of vascular biology is now clearly established, its role in @entity32 at the endothelial level remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines drive a specific regulation of the Notch pathway in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). In arterial ECs, @entity310 strongly modulates the pattern of Notch expression by decreasing @entity26411 expression while increasing @entity126 expression. Changes in Notch expression were associated with a reduction in @entity1135 and @entity12446 expression and in @entity4853 reporter gene activity, suggesting that @entity310 regulates both Notch expression and activity. @entity126 and @entity26411 regulations occurred independently and were found to be mostly mediated by the NFkB signaling pathways and PI3-kinase signaling pathways, respectively. Functionally, @entity310 -mediated Notch regulation promotes caspase-dependent EC apoptosis. Finally, our findings confirmed that dysregulated Notch signaling also occurs upon @entity32 in vivo and correlates with caspase activation and apoptosis. In conclusion, inflammatory cytokines elicit a switch in Notch expression characterized by @entity126 predominance over @entity26411 leading to a reduced Notch activity and promoting apoptosis. Thus, here we provide evidence for a role of soluble mediators of @entity32 (i.e. cytokines) in the regulation of Notch signaling and for the implication of a dysregulated Notch pathway to @entity455 .

title: @entity32 dysregulates Notch signaling in endothelial cells: implication of XXXX and @entity26411 to endothelial dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial and vascular dysfunction']

answer: @entity126 :: (4853,Gene) :: ['Notch2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Double dislocation of thumb metacarpal (MC) is a rare injury which may be secondarily complicated by growth @entity130 in @entity1 . The management of floating 1st MC is also controversial since the treatment ranges from simple reduction to complex reconstruction surgeries. It is also important to understand the long-term results of different management strategies (close reduction, K-wire fixation, ligament reconstruction) as any residual stiffness or instability of thumb may result in severe disability of the hand. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old @entity1 with an alleged history of @entity130 due to a fall. The postulated mechanism of injury was forced hyperextension of thumb and axial loading of hand in the prone position. On examination, there was prominent bony swelling over the dorsal aspect of carpometacarpal (CMC) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints which was very tender with diffuse swelling over entire thumb. X- @entity16039 showed dorsal dislocation of both MCP and CMC joints, without any @entity174 (bony avulsion) or volar plate avulsion. Treatment was by way of closed reduction performed by axial traction followed by forced flexion at MCP joint with continuous pressure over the dorsal aspect of the joint. The reduction of CMC joint was done by direct pressure over the dorsal aspect and full abduction of thumb. Following reduction, the thumb was immobilized in a thumb spica. CONCLUSION: Thus, we conclude it is possible to manage a case of floating 1st MC by closed reduction and immobilization, using proper reduction technique. However, a careful clinical and radiological assessment should be done beforehand for signs of @entity130 or ligamentous instability.

title: Traumatic Floating 1st Metacarpal in a 14-Year-Old XXXX Managed by Close Reduction and Thumb Spica Immobilization: A Rare Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the thumb', 'bony injury', 'plate injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Boy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post- @entity231 endophthalmitis has increased after introduction of @entity16488 ( @entity16488 ). Laboratory models suggested that these incisions might not be competent at certain changes in intraocular pressure (IOP). Considering that side-port incisions (SPI) might behave similarly, the purpose of the present study was to determine the most stable side-port incision configuration. METHODS: Using four cadaveric @entity1 eyes, four different side-port incisions (SPI) were created in each @entity267 : 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm squared tunnel, 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm stab tunnel. @entity941 was placed on the eye, and the IOP varied from 10 to 80 mmHg. IOP at which each SPI started leaking was recorded. In the second part of the study, India ink was applied to the corneal surface at normal IOP, and then rinsed with balanced salt solution (BSS). The ink influx was recorded by planimetry. IOP was elevated to 80 mmHg, ink was reapplied, and IOP was dropped to 0 mmHg. Ink influx was measured again. Histological examination was used to visualize ink inflow into each incision. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the IOP levels at which the different incisions leaked (p = 0.52). A significant increase in the length of India ink ingress in all incision types was measured after IOP variation (p < 0.05). The 2.5 mm squared incision showed the least increase in ink inflow in this test. CONCLUSION: All incision types of SPIs tested exhibited similar resistance to leakage after IOP variation. Good resistance to wound leakage may not predict adequate resistance to the inflow of bacterial-sized particles into the wound.

title: Seidel and India ink tests assessment of different clear XXXX side-port incision configurations.

entities_list: @entity16488 :: ('MESH:D018262', 'Disease') :: ['clear cornea incisions', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the association between the neighbourhood characteristics and the vast @entity146 . This study examined whether there is an association between neighbourhood income and @entity148 , a common @entity146 . METHODS: A national random sample of the entire Swedish population was used, consisting of 30 884 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 25-64 years. The sample was obtained from pooled data during the period 1995-2002 from the Swedish Annual Level of Living Survey. Small area market statistics were used in order to define neighbourhoods. The proportion of individuals with incomes in the lowest national income quartile was calculated for each neighbourhood. The distribution was then divided into quartiles. A log binomial model was applied in the estimation of prevalence ratios. Four models were calculated with stepwise inclusion of the variables. Model 4 was adjusted for all the individual variables, i.e. age, gender, marital status, immigrant status, social network, housing tenure, employment status, and income. RESULTS: In neighbourhoods with the highest proportions of individuals with low income the prevalence ratio of @entity148 was 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.24-1.42). The association demonstrated between neighbourhood income and @entity148 decreased after stepwise inclusion of the individual variables and disappeared after all the individual variables were accounted for. CONCLUSION: Compositional explanations, rather than contextual explanations, lie behind the association between neighbourhood income and @entity148 , a common @entity146 . However, we do not exclude the possibility that there is a contextual effect on severe @entity146 or among @entity1 with behavioural problems.

title: Neighbourhood income and XXXX : a study based on random samples of the Swedish population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'mental disorder', 'panorama of mental disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The seventh edition of the TNM Classification of @entity5 was published in 2009. This study was conducted to investigate the prognostic factors of p-T1aN0M0 @entity420 , which is the earliest stage defined in the new TNM classification. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 122 @entity1 who underwent lobectomy at our institution for p-T1aN0M0 @entity420 , as re-categorized in the seventh TNM classification. The @entity1 were separated into groups on the basis of the following clinicopathologic parameters: age, < 70 vs. > 70 years; gender, male vs. female; preoperative serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) level, < 5.0 vs. >=  5.0 ng/dl; @entity5 size, <10 vs. >10 mm; intratumoral vascular or lymphatic invasion, positive vs. negative. Univariate and multivariate analyses of disease-free survival were performed. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 41.4 months. Univariate analysis showed that prognostic factors such as age, @entity787 elevation and intratumoral vascular or lymphatic invasion were significant (age, < 70 vs. > 70 years; 97.1% vs. 82.0%, P = 0.0027; preoperative serum @entity787 level, < 5.0 vs. > 5.0 ng/dl; 93.3% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.0001; intratumoral vascular or lymphatic invasion, positive vs. negative; 31.3% vs. 96.5%, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only intratumoral vascular or lymphatic invasion was a significantly independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0039, Hazard Ratio, 0.066; 95% Confidence Interval, 0.011-0.419). CONCLUSIONS: Intratumoral vascular or lymphatic invasion should always be studied and included in the final pathology report in order to consider potential clinical and therapeutic relevance. The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for these @entity1 should also be evaluated in clinical trials.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX after lobectomy for p-T1aN0M0 @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant Tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To study further the functional differences of the fetal-neonatal and adult growth phases of Leydig cells, neonatal (5-day-old) and adult (60-day-old) male @entity35 were challenged with a 600 IU/kg injection of @entity1 CG (hCG). Certain Leydig cell responses were monitored 1, 2, and 3 days after the hCG injection. The down-regulation of LH receptors and blockage of the 17-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase step in adult testis, and the absence of these responses in neonatal testis were confirmed. Novel data were obtained on concomitant responses of @entity7813 and steroidogenic enzyme messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The @entity7813 mRNA was increased 4-5-fold by 2 days after hCG injection in the neonatal testis (P less than 0.05), but in the adult was decreased during all 3 days by 50% (P less than 0.05). The mRNA level of the cytochrome P450 for @entity165 side chain cleavage responded similarly at both ages, with a 180-260% increase during 2 and 3 days (P less than 0.05-0.01). In contrast, the 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase cytochrome P450 mRNAs displayed opposite responses, increasing 4.5-fold in 2 days (P less than 0.01) in the neonates, but decreasing by 80% in 1 day in the adults (P less than 0.01). No response of the aromatase cytochrome P450 mRNA to hCG stimulation was found at either age studied. These results demonstrate that the functional differences of the neonatal and adult Leydig cells to high gonadotropic stimulation occur at the level of expression of specific genes, including those of the @entity7813 and the 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase cytochrome P450. Although aromatization of testicular @entity3800 has been suggested to mediate the blockade of the 17-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase step in adult testes, altered steady state levels of aromatase mRNA are not involved in this response. @entity7813 mRNA decreases in adult @entity35 testis in response to treatment with high levels of hCG. Thus, this phenomenon of down-regulation of membrane receptors includes a decreased @entity7813 mRNA as well as cellular internalization of the existing receptors.

title: Differential response of luteinizing hormone receptor and steroidogenic enzyme gene expression to @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in the neonatal and adult XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to compare the long-term clinical outcomes of @entity1 who were treated with either hind foot reconstruction or amputation in complex hind @entity13256 accompanied with bone and soft tissue loss due to land-mine explosions. Between 1994 and 2004, all @entity1 with hind foot complex injuries due to land-mine explosion, who were operated in our clinic, were enrolled to the study. All @entity1 were evaluated with Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) and Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) after a mean of 15.1    2.2 (range 9-19) years of follow-up. Demographic characteristics, number of operations, necessity of psychiatric treatment and all complications were compared between groups. There were a total of 42 @entity1 [21 in reconstruction group (Gr I) and 21 in amputation group (Gr II)]. The mean age at the time of final follow-up was 38.4    3.04 years in Gr I and 38.2    4.24 years in Gr II (p = 0.732). The mean follow-up duration was 15.7    2.07 years in Gr I and 14.57    2.29 years in Gr II (p = 0.081). The number of operations was significantly higher in Gr I (8.66    10.2 times vs. 4.42    7.7 times, respectively, p = 0.001). The mean FADI score at the final follow-up was 64.3    18.1 in Gr I. In amputation group, more @entity1 needed psychotherapy due to major @entity308 (12 @entity1 vs. 4 @entity1 , p = 0.012). Major complications in Gr I were musculocutaneous flap @entity194 in calcaneal region (n = 8 @entity1 ), limited ankle motion (n = 11) and painful @entity5040 on plantar region (n = 6). In Gr II, stump problems were dominating ( @entity158 and tenderness n = 10, ulcer n = 2, allergic @entity272 n = 7, painful @entity2950 n = 10, @entity5040 n = 5, paresthesia n = 1, excessive sweating n = 12). At the final visit, although SF-36 scores were similar between groups (p = 0.182), extremity reconstruction group had significantly higher BIQLI scores than the amputation group (p = 0.016). If the dorsalis pedis is intact and midfoot and forefoot is relatively protected, hind foot reconstruction should be attempted. Long-term outcomes of hind foot reconstruction are satisfactory with minor complications and better BIQLI.

title: Amputation versus functional reconstruction in the management of complex hind XXXX caused by land-mine explosions: a long-term retrospective comparison.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['bony spur', 'osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity13256 :: ('MESH:D018409', 'Disease') :: ['foot injuries']

answer: @entity13256 :: (MESH:D018409,Disease) :: ['foot injuries']


abstract: The zona-drilling procedure was investigated in @entity19 oocytes prior to a study on @entity1 oocytes. The procedure involved the injection of 5-nl volumes of acidic Hepes-buffered medium at pH 2.5 using a microinjection instrument. Zona-drilled @entity19 oocytes had significantly higher rates of fertilization (60/99; 61%) than zona-intact oocytes (6/103; 6%) at an insemination concentration of 1 x 10(4) sperm/ml (P less than 0.001). The procedure did not induce parthenogenetic activation of oocytes and more than 97% of zygotes developed to the blastocyst stage. A similar rate of live progeny was observed when zona-drilled (38.0%) and control embryos (38.5%) were transferred to pseudopregnant recipients. Chromosome analyses were performed on zona-intact, zona-free, and zona-drilled oocytes inseminated with varying concentrations of sperm and analysed at the first cleavage division. Zona-free oocytes had high rates of @entity5700 (greater than or equal to 40%) with varying insemination numbers but the zona-drilled oocytes did not reveal significant increases in the rate of @entity5700 when compared to controls. In the @entity1 studies, zona-drilled oocytes achieved higher rates of fertilization than zona-intact oocytes, with sperm numbers as low as 1 x 10(4)/ml (6/8; 75%). Polyspermic fertilization was observed in 1/2 and 2/6 of fertilized oocytes inseminated with 1 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(4) sperm/ml, respectively. With the low sperm concentration 2/4 of those which were normally fertilized developed to healthy blastocysts. These studies suggest that the zona-drilling technique as described can be performed without apparent harm to oocytes and generate normal embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assisted fertilization of @entity19 oocytes and preliminary results for XXXX oocytes using zona drilling.

entities_list: @entity5700 :: ('MESH:D011123', 'Disease') :: ['polyploidy or aneuploidy', 'polyploidy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution produces inflammatory damage to the cardiopulmonary system. This @entity137 appears to be inversely related to the size of the PM particles, with the ultrafine particle being more inflammatory than larger sizes. Exposure to PM has more recently been associated with @entity2359 . This study examines if the size-dependent @entity137 reported in cardiopulmonary systems also occurs in @entity1274 . For this study, PM ambient air was collected over a 2 week period from Sterling Forest State Park (Tuxedo, New York) and its particulates sized as Accumulation Mode, Fine (AMF) (>0.18-1 m) or @entity29245 (UF) (<0.18 m) samples. @entity35 dopaminergic neurons (N27) were exposed to suspensions of each PM fraction (0, 12.5, 25, 50 m/ml) and cell loss (as measured by Hoechst nuclear stain) measured after 24h exposure. @entity528 occurred in response to all tested concentrations of UF (>12.5 g/ml) but was only significant at the highest concentration of AMF (50 g/ml). To examine if PM size-dependent @entity2359 was retained in the presence of other cell types, dissociated brain cultures of embryonic @entity35 striatum were exposed to AMF (80 g/ml) or UF (8.0 g/ml). After 24h exposure, a significant increase of reactive @entity1568 species ( @entity3542 ) and morphology suggestive of apoptosis occurred in both treatment groups. However, morphometric analysis of neuron specific enolase staining indicated that only the UF exposure produced significant @entity528 , relative to controls. Together, these data suggest that the inverse relationship between size and @entity137 reported in cardiopulmonary systems occurs in cultures of isolated dopaminergic neurons and in primary cultures of the @entity35 striatum.

title: Particulate matter XXXX in culture is size-dependent.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural targets']

entities_list: @entity29245 :: ('MESH:C043595', 'Chemical') :: ['Ultrafine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal loss', 'neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As there are only few data on squint angle reduction following surgical treatment of @entity9175 , we aimed to quantify squint angle reduction after several different surgical procedures. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 88 consecutive files of @entity1 with @entity9175 , treated in 2000 - 2007 (46 resections of the lateral rectus muscle, 25 resections of the lateral rectus combined with recession of the medial rectus, 17 Hummelsheim transpositions, modified by Kaufmann). Maximal abduction was possible up to primary position in all 17 @entity1 with Hummelsheim transposition. All other @entity1 (except two) were able to abduct beyond primary position. RESULTS: In resections of the lateral rectus a stable dose-effect-correlation was found: the dose-effect coefficients (DEC) ranged between 1.5 degrees and 1.6 degrees reduction of horizontal angle (far fixation)/mm of resected muscle. In combined convergence procedures the DEC ranged from 1.52 degrees /mm (7-9 mm recession/resection) up to 1.39 degrees /mm (13-15 mm recession/resection). In muscle transpositions (Hummelsheim-Kaufmann), preoperative horizontal squint angle (far distance) was reduced from +29 degrees (median, range +15 degrees to +50 degrees ) to -3 degrees (median, range -15 degrees to +17 degrees ) postoperatively (6-8 weeks). The best results were achieved with preoperative squint angels between > +20 degrees and < +35 degrees . Larger basic angles showed mostly undercorrection; smaller angles showed always overcorrection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2896 palsy with maximal abduction up to primary position should be treated by muscle transposition. With squint angles (far distance) < +20 degrees a classical Hummelsheim transposition is recommended, with squint angles > +20 degrees the Kaufmann's modification should be preferred. If abduction beyond primary position is possible, lateral rectus resection suffices. With squint angles > +12 degrees additional recession of the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle becomes necessary.

title: [Eye muscle surgery in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity9175 :: ('MESH:C564661', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral abducens palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral abducens']

answer: @entity9175 :: (MESH:C564661,Disease) :: ['unilateral abducens palsy']


abstract: @entity1 enterovirus 71 (EV71)-associated @entity5825 ( @entity5825 ) has been a leading cause of @entity281 in China since 2008. Epidemic and molecular characteristics of @entity5825 have been examined in many areas of China, including the central and southern regions. However, clinical and genetic characterization of EV71 in the northeastern region of China is scarce. In this study, a series of analyses were performed on seven full-length EV71 sequences from @entity5825 @entity1 who had either severe or mild disease. We have determined that these seven circulating EV71 viruses from Changchun, China are actually complex recombinant viruses involving multiple type A @entity1 enterovirus ( @entity4973 ). Classified as EV71 subtype C4 (EV71 C4), these Changchun EV71 viruses contain genetic recombination events between the @entity3729 , @entity33341 , EV71B4 and EV71C1 strains. Most of the structural protein region (P1) of these viruses resembled that of the prototype EV71 C1 strains. The non-structural protein domains (P2 and P3) showed a high degree of similarity with @entity3729 , @entity33341 and EV71 B4 in different regions. The 5'UTR had unclassified recombination,while partial 3D region of these viruses showed a high degree of similarity to CA16. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length or partial sequences of isolates from severe or mild disease @entity1 in Changchun always formed a single cluster in various phylogenetic analyses of different genomic regions, suggesting that all seven strains originated from one single common ancestor. There was no correlation between viral genomic sequence and virulence. Thus, we found that circulating recombinant forms of EV71 are prevalent among @entity5825 @entity1 in Northeastern China. The existence of a unique cluster of EV71 related viruses in Northeast China has important implications for vaccine development that would address the increasing prevalence of @entity5825 .

title: Characterization of full-length enterovirus 71 strains from severe and mild disease XXXX in northeastern China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5825 :: ('MESH:D006232', 'Disease') :: ['HFMD', 'hand, foot, and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['childhood infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2633 is a commonly made diagnosis for general practitioners and orthopedic surgeons. Corticosteroid injection is a mainstay of early treatment. However, conflicting evidence exists to support the use of @entity134 injection, and no evidence in the literature supports an injection technique. Nineteen @entity1 diagnosed with acute @entity2633 were evaluated to compare the peppered- and single-injection techniques using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, visual analog score (VAS), and grip strength. For elbows with a single injection, mean grip strength increased from 22.9 to 27.8 (P=.053), mean @entity227 score decreased from 4.8 to 3.6 (P=.604), and mean DASH score decreased from 2.6 to 1.8 points (P=.026). For elbows with peppered injections, mean grip strength increased from 28.7 to 32.8 (P=.336), mean @entity227 scores decreased from 3.7 to 2.3 (P=.386), and mean DASH score decreased from 2.6 to 1.3 (P=.008).No studies have directly compared the peppered-injection technique to the single-injection technique. Our results suggest that @entity1 outcome is improved with the single injection. The biomechanical or chemical reason for the distinction is yet unknown, but we postulate that the peppered technique may actually further damage the already compromised tendon. The theory that the peppered injection stimulates blood flow may be overestimated or false. Histochemical studies of the pathologic tissue must be performed to further delineate the reason for improved outcomes with the single-injection technique.

title: Randomized prospective evaluation of injection techniques for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis', 'Lateral epicondylitis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a Setswana version of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) for use in Botswana. METHODS: A sample of 126 subjects attending primary healthcare clinics completed the GHQ-28, which contains four subscales of seven questions each for the following domains: somatic concerns, @entity148 , social function and @entity308 . All subjects were also interviewed with the @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Psychiatric casesness was ascertained by @entity922 scores greater than 20 and an overall severity of symptoms rating (OSR) of > or =2 on a 0-4 point scale. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was undertaken to assess which GHQ cut-off score gave the best casesness yield as defined by the combined @entity922 and OSR assessments. RESULTS: Of the 126 subjects enrolled, 122 completed the study, with 18 (14.5%) meeting criteria for caseness. There were no gender differences with respect to GHQ or @entity922 scores. The ROC analysis revealed that the GHQ threshold of 7/8 gave the best sensitivity (88%) and specificity (67%) results. The internal consistency of the translated GHQ was maintained with Cronbach alpha scores ranging from 0.76 to 0.91 for the subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The Setswana GHQ-28 represents a valid instrument of screening for @entity458 in a primary healthcare setting in Botswana.

title: A screening instrument for XXXX in botswana: validation of the Setswana version of the 28-item general health questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical Interview Schedule', 'CIS']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A discrepancy exists between the 7th edition guidelines of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the 3rd edition Japanese treatment guidelines in terms of the classification of No. 12a lymph nodes as regional or distant lymph nodes in D2 lymphadenectomy for @entity356 . The scope definition of No. 12a lymph nodes has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to assess the appropriateness of reclassifying No. 12a lymph node @entity3 as distant @entity3 according to the survival rate outcome, and to provide a clear and practical definition of the No. 12a group lymph nodes of @entity356 . A retrospective analysis was performed on @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent standard or greater lymphadenectomy between January 2000 and December 2009 to find an association between No. 12a node @entity3 and survival outcome. The present study first presented a clear and practical scope definition of the No. 12a group lymph nodes of @entity356 , according to our clinical experiences and practices (Table I and Fig. 1). The survival outcome of @entity1 with @entity356 and No. 12a lymph node @entity3 was poorer compared with that of @entity1 with no No. 12a lymph node @entity3 (P=0.0003). The results were similar in stage III @entity1 with @entity356 (P<0.0001). However, the survival outcome of @entity1 was similar with or without No. 12a lymph node @entity3 in stage IV @entity356 (P=0.1968). Cox regression analysis revealed that the AJCC stage was independently associated with an unfavorable cumulative survival rate. Logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity5 location, AJCC stage, @entity3 were associated with No. 12a lymph node @entity3 . In conclusion, the data in the present study suggested that No. 12a lymph node @entity3 is associated with distant @entity3 , and therefore they concur with the 7th edition AJCC @entity356 guidelines, which appear to be correct in terms of considering No. 12a lymph node @entity3 as distant @entity3 .

title: Scope definition and resection significance of No. 12a group lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'intravascular cancer emboli and nerve invasion']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity4396 analogs have become a promising modality in @entity263 therapy as an alternative to surgical castration, and the use of these agents is generally considered to be safe. Since now, only few cases of an apoplexy of previously undiagnosed pituitary @entity652 (usually gonadotropinoma) at the beginning of therapy have been described in the medical literature. We present a case of a 74 year old @entity1 who was diagnosed of @entity263 at the age of 68. There was no evidence of @entity3 . Radical prostatectomy was performed and @entity4396 analog gosereline (Zoladex 3.6 mg s.c.) was administered. During the first day after gosereline injection the @entity1 developed @entity10 that became more severe over the next 3 days. Then the @entity1 experienced @entity390 and @entity892 and @entity1736 . On the 5th day the @entity1 temporarily lost consciousness and was admitted to hospital. Imaging (computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) revealed the presence of a @entity977 and @entity548 within the gland. There was no evidence of @entity4611 in hormonal studies. Neurosurgical intervention was postponed for 5 days after admission. Pathological mass with signs of @entity548 was removed via transsphenoidal route. The @entity5 had negative immunohistochemical GH, ACTH and PRL staining. @entity16 resolved within 9 months after the operation. As a result the @entity1 required adrenal and thyroid replacement. During 6 years of follow-up there was no evidence of @entity263 recurrence.

title: Apoplexy of clinically silent @entity263 treatment with XXXX analog.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['recent hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting, double vision']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid ptosis']

answer: @entity4396 :: (2796,Gene) :: ['LHRH']


abstract: @entity1466 is frequently preceded by a complete mole, ectopic pregnancy, nonmolar intrauterine abortion, and uncommonly by a partial mole. @entity1466 coexisting with or after an otherwise "normal" pregnancy is extremely rare, with an estimated occurrence of 1 per 160,000 pregnancies. We here report a case of a @entity1466 with no @entity3 in a full-term intrauterine pregnancy. The @entity1 is a 29-year-old gravida 2 para 1 female, who had an uncomplicated full-term vaginal delivery of a healthy 3030 g female @entity1 . Her current pregnancy was uneventful, and past medical history was significant for an elective termination of pregnancy 2 years ago at 8 weeks of gestation. Routine examination of the placenta showed a gray-tan nodule, measuring 2 cm in the largest dimension, with a papillary cut surface. Microscopically, this nodule was composed of highly atypical cytotrophoblastic cells and multinucleated atypical syncytiotrophoblastic cells, which were positive for beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin by immunostaining. Extensive @entity39 and multiple foci of @entity548 were present. The overall morphologic and immunohistochemical features were diagnostic for @entity1466 . Further investigations, including a full body computed tomography scan, showed no lesions suspicious for @entity3 . The @entity1 is currently asymptomatic and being followed-up with monthly beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin levels, the most recent one being negative. By reporting this case and reviewing the literature, we support the opinion of a recent similar case report that the incidence of @entity1466 may actually be higher than expected, as placental examination after a normal spontaneous delivery is not routinely performed at most of the institutions.

title: Incidental finding of XXXX after an uncomplicated term pregnancy: a case report with review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Choriocarcinoma', 'placental choriocarcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1466 :: (MESH:D002822,Disease) :: ['placental choriocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Restoration of mechanical alignment after total knee arthroplasty can be achieved with ligament releases. Several previously described sequences and results achieved with cadaver knees, with measured resection implantation techniques, may not be applied to the balanced gap technique. We investigated the peroperative effect of stepwise soft tissue releases following the "tightest structure first" on leg axis in extension and femur rotation in flexion. METHODS: During @entity4351 -retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA), using a balanced gap technique in 54 @entity1 we determined the effect of each ligament release using a navigation system while the knee was distracted with a tensor in extension and flexion. The effect on alignment in extension and on @entity717 in flexion was measured for each release separately. RESULTS: In more than half of the @entity1 , one or more ligament releases were necessary. Release of the posteromedial condyle led to a minor effect on leg axis in extension and @entity717 in flexion, release of the superficial medial collateral ligament to a few degrees, mainly in extension. Release of the iliotibial tract led to a small correction of leg alignment in extension. There was no statistically significant difference in the alignment-correcting effect of a release dependent upon the sequence in which the structure was released. INTERPRETATION: In PCL-retaining TKA, a stepwise "tightest structure first" protocol for ligament releases in extension with the balanced gap technique results in effective, gradual, alignment correction in extension, and limited femoral rotating effects in flexion.

title: Correction of axial and rotational alignment after medial and lateral releases during balanced gap TKA. A clinical study of 54 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['femoral rotation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is important to understand long-term biological and @entity146 correlates of intense exposure to @entity13390 . METHODS: We assessed @entity146 diagnoses and biological stress measures in 50 healthy, highly exposed Oklahoma City bombing survivors recruited from a bombing registry 6 1/2 to 7 years postdisaster, comparing them with demographically matched, nonexposed community members. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) determined @entity2270 I @entity146 diagnoses. @entity1 ' salivary @entity701 levels were obtained at 8 am, and physiologic assessment measured @entity1 ' heart rate and blood pressure responses to a bombing-related interview. RESULTS: Eleven survivors with @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) had significantly higher @entity701 levels than did both non- @entity1005 survivors and controls. Survivors with and without @entity1005 did not differ in any autonomic reactivity measure, whereas the total survivor group had significantly higher reactivity than controls in all measures. Positive correlations occurred between several autonomic reactivity measures, but none between @entity701 and autonomic measures. CONCLUSIONS: Results differentiate the autonomic and @entity701 systems relative to @entity13390 exposure. Findings support research associating @entity1005 with @entity2339 changes, whereas autonomic reactivity appeared to be a more generalized trauma response. Correlation statistics substantiated a lack of connection between the 2 biological systems. Follow-up could elucidate the long-term course of these stress systems and eventual health status in survivors, in view of the medical morbidity noted in @entity1005 studies.

title: Biological correlates of direct exposure to XXXX several years postdisaster.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity13390 :: (MESH:D020184,Disease) :: ['terrorism']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Similar to matrix metalloproteinases, glycosidases also play a major role in cartilage degradation. @entity1735 cleavage products, generated by these latter enzymes, are released from degrading cartilage during @entity625 . Some of the cleavage products (such as hyaluronate oligosaccharides) have been shown to bind to Toll-like receptors and provide endogenous danger signals, while others (like @entity3954 ) are reported to have chondroprotective functions. In the current study for the first time we systematically investigated the expression of glycosidases within the joints. METHODS: Expressions of beta-D-hexosaminidase, @entity12398 , hyaluronidase, sperm adhesion molecule 1 and @entity15461 genes were measured in synovial fibroblasts and synovial membrane samples of @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity571 by real-time PCR. @entity12398 , beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-D-galactosaminidase activities were characterized using chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates. Synovial fibroblast-derived microvesicles were also tested for glycosidase activity. RESULTS: According to our data, beta-D-hexosaminidase, @entity12398 , hyaluronidase, and @entity15461 are expressed in the synovial membrane. Hexosaminidase is the major glycosidase expressed within the joints, and it is primarily produced by synovial fibroblasts. @entity12744 subunit gene, one of the two genes encoding for the alpha or the beta chains of hexosaminidase, was characterized by the strongest gene expression. It was followed by the expression of @entity17883 subunit gene and the @entity12398 gene, while the expression of hyaluronidase-1 gene and the @entity15461 gene was rather low in both synovial fibroblasts and synovial membrane samples. @entity5 growth factor-beta1 profoundly downregulated glycosidase expression in both @entity309 and @entity571 derived synovial fibroblasts. In addition, expression of cartilage-degrading glycosidases was moderately downregulated by proinflammatory cytokines including @entity310 , @entity1356 and @entity4155 . CONCLUSIONS: According to our present data, glycosidases expressed by synovial membranes and synovial fibroblasts are under negative regulation by some locally expressed cytokines both in @entity309 and @entity571 . This does not exclude the possibility that these enzymes may contribute significantly to cartilage degradation in both @entity2720 if acting in collaboration with the differentially upregulated proteases to deplete cartilage in glycosaminoglycans.

title: Gene expression and activity of cartilage degrading glycosidases in @entity1 @entity309 and XXXX synovial fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity12398 :: ('2990', 'Gene') :: ['beta-D-glucuronidase', 'beta-D-Glucuronidase']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 70-80 New Zealanders have @entity602 ( @entity602 ) due to @entity66 (1/3) each year. They had been socialized as non-disabled @entity1 . Following paralysis, interrelationships between body, self and society change. Little is known of the impact of these changes on life histories, life chances and life choices of @entity1 with @entity602 . This has negative implications for the design of rehabilitation and disability support services in New Zealand. Furthermore, the trajectory of disability is affected by previous socioeconomic conditions. How specific supports following @entity602 (eg, rehabilitation and compensation funded by the Accident Compensation Corporation; ACC) can change this trajectory is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To explore the interrelationships of body, self and society for @entity1 with @entity602 and how these have shaped life chances, life choices and subjectivity. To investigate how entitlement to rehabilitation and compensation through ACC affects socioeconomic and health outcomes. SETTING: New Zealand. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study; mixed methods. @entity1 : 112 @entity1 with @entity602 admitted for the first time to one of New Zealand's two spinal units without serious @entity73 . DATA: Structured interviews with all @entity1 (n=112); qualitative interviews with a selected subgroup (n=20); clinical data collected at the time of admission. Exposures include: demographics, comorbidity, previous health and socioeconomic status, @entity602 resulting from @entity130 , income support, health and social services. OUTCOME MEASURES: Socioeconomic status, health, participation and life satisfaction. ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics; differences tested by paired t tests or McNemar tests; multiple regression and mixed models. Qualitative analysis will be interpretive.

title: A longitudinal study of the life histories of XXXX with spinal cord injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury (2/3) or disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive injury']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'spinal cord impairment']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['illness or injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) is a valuable tool for evaluating neonatal @entity75 and identifying electrographic @entity410 . OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity410 activity and background pattern (BGP) between one-channel and two-channel aEEG recordings in full-term neonates. METHODS: The two-channel aEEG recordings (F3-P3; F4-P4) of 34 neonates with @entity410 were compared with single-channel recordings (P3-P4). RESULTS: All 34 @entity1 with unilateral (n=14), diffuse (n=18) or without (n=2) @entity1545 had @entity410 patterns on one-channel and two-channel recordings, with 18% more @entity410 patterns detected with two-channel recording. In 79% of @entity1 with unilateral injury more @entity410 were noted on the ipsilateral side compared to the contralateral side. In 39% of the @entity1 with diffuse @entity75 more @entity410 were found with two-channel recordings. A sensitivity of 65% was found when using the automatic @entity410 detection algorithm. In 4/14 (29%) @entity1 with unilateral injury a more severely affected BGP was seen on the ipsilateral side compared to the BGP on one-channel recording. In @entity1 with diffuse injury differences in BGP pattern were seen in 6-17% of the @entity1 depending on the system used for scoring. CONCLUSION: Although there were no major differences found between @entity410 detection with one-channel or two-channel aEEG, in a subgroup of @entity1 with a predominantly unilateral @entity75 , two-channel recording did provide additional information with identification of more @entity410 patterns on the affected side, sometimes also associated with a difference in BGP. To improve early diagnosis of unilateral lesions and improve @entity410 detection in these @entity1 , routine use of two-channel recordings is recommended.

title: Additional value of two-channel amplitude integrated EEG recording in full-term XXXX with unilateral @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion', 'encephalopathy', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were weakened during aging. This study explored whether @entity4025 can attenuate senescence of @entity361 ( @entity361 ) and whether @entity20571 is involved in @entity4025 's effect on paracrine of @entity361 and insulin secretion of @entity4009 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CCK-8 assay and SA-b-gal assay were performed to test the protective effect of @entity4025 on senescent models. QRT-PCR and western blot analysis were performed to analyze of senescence- and b-cell associated genes. QRT-PCR and ELISA analysis was performed to test telomere length and activity. Immunofluorescence and ELISA assay were performed to assess the paracrine effects on promoting insulin secretion of @entity4009 cells. RESULTS: @entity4025 could protect @entity361 from @entity5568 and @entity413 -induced senescence and also attenuate senescence in long-term cultured @entity361 in vitro. In addition, @entity4025 attenuated @entity5568 induced higher expression of senescence-associated genes, including @entity876 , @entity3544 , @entity4910 , @entity650 and @entity3334 , but increased the expression of @entity4093 , a well-known anti-senescence gene. @entity4025 significantly enhanced @entity20571 expression in aging @entity361 through PI3K/AKT signal pathway. The conditioned medium (CM) of @entity361 enhanced insulin secretion and expression of the key genes for b-cell function including @entity5909 , @entity5908 , @entity35316 and @entity5448 via @entity20571 . @entity4009 cells with @entity20571 knockdown had decreased insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS: This study firstly reported that @entity4025 has a protective effect on senescence of @entity361 and can preserve the paracrine effect of the @entity361 on promoting insulin secretion of @entity4009 cells via @entity20571 . Therefore, it might be a promising adjuvant agent for future MSCs based therapy.

title: XXXX attenuates senescence of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and restores their paracrine effects on promoting insulin secretion of @entity4009 cells through @entity20571 .

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['adipose-derived MSCs', 'ADMSCs']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol', 'Resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glucose']

answer: @entity4025 :: (MESH:C059514,Chemical) :: ['Resveratrol']


abstract: This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of @entity7447 on @entity8561 -induced acute @entity788 in @entity35 regarding biomarkers and morphologic changes. Thirty-two male @entity35 were divided into 4 equal groups. Control group received intraperitoneal normal saline, while in sham and experimental groups 1 and 2 @entity788 was induced with @entity8561 . E1 and E2 groups were treated with a single dose of 100 and 200   mg/kg Q10, respectively. Serum @entity9112 and amylase, along with pancreas @entity13358 , @entity3426 , and @entity1505 , were measured. For evaluation of oxidative stress, pancreatic @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), and @entity1589 (MPO) were assessed. Histopathological examination for morphologic investigation was conducted. Serum amylase and @entity9112 , as well as @entity1505 and @entity3426 cytokines, reverted with administration of Q10 in consistence with dosage. In contrast, Q10 assisted in boosting of @entity13358 with higher dosage (200   mg/kg). A similar pattern for oxidative stress markers was noticed. Both @entity1865 and MPO levels declined with increased dosage, contrary to elevation of SOD and @entity6172 . Histopathology was in favor of protective effects of Q10. Our findings proved the amelioration of @entity660 by Q10, which suggest the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property of Q10 and its potential therapeutic role.

title: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of @entity7447 on @entity8561 -Induced Acute @entity788 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and adherence to @entity565 management recommendations during pregnancy of Spanish health care professionals. METHODS: A multiple choice survey with 14 questions was designed. Items assessed opinion about @entity565 guidelines and attitudes towards treatment, spirometry, specific immunotherapy and labour in pregnant @entity748 @entity1 . Test completion was voluntary, individual, and anonymous. RESULTS: A total of 1000 questionnaires were fulfilled: respiratory medicine specialists (19.8%); @entity566 specialists (17.2%); primary care physicians (46.1%); and gynaecologists/obstetricians (16.9%). Guidelines were considered useful by 96.5% although 64% admitted that they followed them seldom or never. Most physicians (55.9%) answered that they would maintain @entity565 therapy in clinically stable @entity1 . Almost 30% of physicians would not perform spirometry in pregnant @entity565 @entity1 . 19% declared they would interrupt specific immunotherapy which had proven safe and effective. Univariate analysis revealed low adherence to be associated with the following variables: age, primary care or gynaecology/obstetrician specialisation, number of @entity748 attended per month, and declared use of guidelines for pregnant @entity748 @entity1 . Multivariate analysis showed that being a primary care physician and a gynaecologist/obstetrician, attending a low number of @entity565 @entity1 per month, and poor use of spirometry during pregnancy are associated to low adherence to @entity565 guidelines. CONCLUSION: Even though the majority of Spanish physicians surveyed seem to consider guidelines useful, their adherence to those is very low if translated to managing pregnant @entity748 @entity1 . Educational strategies seem unavoidable and should be targetted mainly to primary care and gynaecology/obstetrician physicians.

title: Knowledge, attitude and adherence of Spanish healthcare professionals to XXXX management recommendations during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Primary @entity704 is a rare @entity5 which arises from the thymic epithelium. Between May 1982 and September 1990, 16 @entity1 with @entity704 , diagnosed at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, were reviewed. Their ages ranged from 19 to 75 years, with a median of 40 years. Males predominated (male to female ratio was 11:5). The most common presenting symptoms were @entity662 , cough, body @entity353 and @entity1353 . No @entity8231 were seen. Chest roentgenograms of 15 @entity1 revealed a mediastinal mass, but a definitive diagnosis could not be made until surgery. Adjacent mediastinal tissues were invaded, or adhered to, by all the @entity5 . Six distinct histologic types were found, @entity957 being the most common (seven cases). The primary treatment of surgical resection was attempted in 14 @entity1 , but only in five cases could the @entity5 be completely resected; two had a biopsy only. Radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, given postoperatively, achieved additional local control in seven of the nine partially resected @entity1 (77%). Distant @entity3 occurred in nine of 16 @entity1 (56%). Lymph nodes, bone and lung were the most common metastatic sites. Chemotherapy with @entity900 and/or @entity632 -based regimens was given to @entity1 who had distant @entity3 , but the responses were unsatisfactory. The overall survival at one, three and five years was 88%, 51% and 31%, respectively. The median survival was 30 months. The median survival of @entity1 with @entity957 (> 49 months) was superior to that of @entity1 with other histologic types (18 months; p < 0.01).

title: XXXX : analysis of 16 cases.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'thymic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['pure squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndromes']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['Prognosis of thymic carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study was conducted by retrospective case selection and prospective observation of longitudinal changes of the multifidus muscle cross-sectional area and of trunk extension muscle strength in percutaneous and open pedicle screw fixations. OBJECTIVES: To compare postoperative multifidus @entity2057 and trunk muscle performance of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation against those of open pedicle screw fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Recent attempts to combine percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with minimally invasive fusion techniques are based on an anecdotal presupposition that percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is superior to its open counterpart. However, the benefits of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation are currently poorly defined. METHODS: Nineteen enrolled @entity1 were divided as follows: 11 in the open pedicle screw fixation group (OPF group) and eight in the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation group ( @entity2848 group). The preoperative and postoperative cross-sectional area and T2-weighted signal intensity of multifidus muscle were measured by MRI, and trunk extension muscle strength was measured. In addition, various clinical variables were compared between two groups. RESULTS: There was significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of multifidus muscle in the OPF group. In contrast, the results in the @entity2848 group showed no statistical difference between preoperative results and that of the follow-up MRI. Although percutaneous pedicle screw fixation had positive effects on postoperative trunk muscle performance, clinical outcomes were not significantly different in areas of @entity158 score, JOA score, and @entity1 's opinion regarding the outcome of the surgery. However, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation caused less @entity190 , and the proportion of @entity1 who did not need postoperative oral analgesics was greater in the @entity2848 group. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation caused less @entity121 than open pediclescrew fixation and had positive effects on postoperative trunk muscle performance.

title: Comparison of multifidus XXXX and trunk extension muscle strength: percutaneous versus open pedicle screw fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinal muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle atrophy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ) as well as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) play an important role in bone homeostasis and in the process of @entity174 healing. To date, limited data regarding the influence of age, gender, @entity6 , smoking, and @entity167 consumption on the systemic expression of @entity6824 and @entity7 after long bone @entity174 exist. METHODS: From a total of 113 @entity1 with long bone fractures 51 @entity1 met inclusion criteria and were finally enrolled in this study. Patient's serum was collected over a period of 6 months following a standardised time schedule. @entity6824 and @entity7 serum concentrations were measured. @entity1 's history with special focus on cigarette smoking, @entity6 , and regular @entity167 intake was recorded. All @entity1 were followed up clinically and radiologically for at least 24 weeks after @entity130 . A total of 22 male and 29 female @entity1 formed the study population. RESULTS: The present results show significantly elevated mean overall @entity6824 serum concentration in @entity1 , older @entity1 as well as in non-smoking individuals. The mean overall @entity7 serum concentration was significantly higher in @entity1 , older @entity1 , and @entity6 individuals as well as in non-smokers. Statistically significant differences were not observed at any time point regarding @entity167 consumption. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that age, gender, @entity6 and cigarette smoking significantly influence the expression of @entity6824 and @entity7 after @entity174 of long bones in @entity1 . Of note, @entity6 @entity1 showed significantly elevated overall @entity7 levels when compared to non- @entity6 @entity1 . Therefore, further studies with larger @entity1 cohorts are needed to better understand the influence of these endogenous and exogenous factors on the expression of the osteogenic during @entity1 @entity174 healing.

title: The influence of non-osteogenic factors on the expression of XXXX and @entity7 during @entity174 healing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['Macrophage colony stimulating factor', 'M-CSF']

answer: @entity6824 :: (1435,Gene) :: ['M-CSF']


abstract: Natural radioactivity is one of the essential components of the environment. Unlike the Sudety mountains area in Poland, the Tatra Mountains were not the subject of wide survey as regards the levels of natural radioactivity. Especially, the concentrations of @entity30364 (natural radioactive gas) have not been investigated there in terms of their possible negative health impact. Within the frame of bilateral cooperation between the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Krak  w, Poland, and the Jo  ef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana, Slovenia, the measurements of natural radioactive elements in old @entity595 mines in the Tatra National Park were performed in June 2010. The investigated sites were located in Dolina Bia  ego (The Valley of the White). One of the mines is situated near the tourist path. The paper presents the results of complex measurements of natural radioactivity in both @entity595 drifts. The concentration of @entity30364 gas inside the mining drifts exceeded 28,000 Bq m(-3). Also, very high gamma dose rates were observed (up to 5600 nSv h(-1)). The maximum concentrations of natural radioactive elements ( @entity972 (40)K, @entity30365 (226)Ra, @entity30366 (232)Th) in rock samples amounted to 535, 2137, and 18 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The effective dose rates due to @entity30364 and thoron inhalation have been assessed as 0.013 @entity2073 h(-1) (for the lowest concentration) and 0.121 @entity2073 h(-1) (for the highest concentration).

title: The potential health hazard due to elevated radioactivity in old XXXX mines in Dolina Bia  ego, Tatra Mountains, Poland.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium']

answer: @entity595 :: (MESH:D014501,Chemical) :: ['uranium']


abstract: @entity2359 is involved in various @entity179 including @entity191 ( @entity191 ), which affects @entity3308 dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). Positive @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptor modulators (PARMs, a.k.a. Ampakines, such as @entity32705 ) increase @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) protein levels in vivo and in cultured hippocampal slices. @entity2252 is a survival factor for various neuronal cell types including @entity3308 dopaminergic neurons. Using cultured @entity3308 and hippocampal slices, we investigated whether preincubation with @entity32705 could provide neuroprotection against @entity9016 @entity137 and whether such neuroprotection was mediated by @entity2252 . Various treatment protocols were tested to demonstrate @entity32705 -induced neuroprotection against @entity9016 . Pretreatment with @entity32705 significantly reduced @entity9016 -induced @entity137 and increased @entity2252 levels in both hippocampal and @entity3308 cultured slices; @entity32705 pretreatment for 6 h in hippocampal slices and 24 h in @entity3308 slices was sufficient to produce significant neuroprotection as assessed with @entity880 dehydrogenase release in slice medium and @entity2667 uptake in slices. Both a @entity2252 scavenger and an inhibitor of the @entity2252 receptor @entity12715 , abrogated @entity32705 -mediated reduction of @entity9016 -induced @entity137 . Inhibition of @entity141 -activated proteases, calpains, was also protective against @entity9016 -induced @entity137 . However, co-application of calpain inhibitor with @entity32705 abolished @entity32705 -mediated protection, suggesting a dual action of calpains in this model. We conclude that @entity32705 is neuroprotective against @entity9016 -induced @entity137 , an effect mediated by increased @entity2252 expression and activation of @entity2252 -dependent signaling pathways. Our results provide support for using PARMs as a new therapy for @entity179 , including @entity191 .

title: @entity2252 mediates the neuroprotective effects of positive @entity140 receptor modulators against MPP+-induced @entity137 in cultured hippocampal and XXXX slices.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['mesencephalic']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid', 'AMPA']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity3308 :: (MESH:D020295,Disease) :: ['mesencephalic']


abstract: The present study investigated the neural basis of lip-reading in @entity1 treated for @entity231 using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These @entity1 represent a model to study the role of visual experience in early infancy for the development of visual functions. Short video clips with an adult speaker's @entity3384 different words were presented. The @entity1 were asked to indicate whether the current word was the same as the previous one (one-back matching task). A control condition consisted of the same stimuli but with the task to judge whether the position of a small black dot superimposed on the lips changed location between trials. During both tasks, neural activity as indexed by fMRI, and behavioral data were recorded. The @entity231 @entity1 ' lip-reading performance was worse than that of a group of normally sighted controls, matched for age, gender, and education. By contrast, these groups did not differ in the visual control task. Only the control group showed reliable lip-reading specific activations in superior and middle temporal areas and in right parietal cortex, resulting in a significant group effect for these brain areas. Additional control @entity1 with a late onset of @entity227 matching those of the @entity231 group showed comparable behavioral performance and similar fMRI activations in superior temporal areas as the normally sighted controls. These results suggest that a sensitive phase in early infancy might exist during which visual acuity must be sufficiently high to discriminate lip movements in order to allow for the emergence of a regular neural lip-reading system.

title: The neural basis of lip-reading capabilities is altered by early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairments']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['lips mouthing']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract', 'congenital bilateral cataracts']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual deprivation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent epidemiological surveys show a higher prevalence of @entity72 than was to be expected based on the first studies in this field. The objective of our study is to analyse the frequency of @entity1032 and co-morbid @entity146 and symptoms in a large clinical sample of @entity1 with @entity245 . METHOD: The sample consists of all @entity1 (N = 601) with a @entity245 diagnosed at the Department of @entity245 at the Heckscher-Klinikum. For all @entity1 the level of intellectual functioning was measured. In addition to @entity146 diagnoses, we also recorded intervention-relevant symptoms such as eating and sleeping problems, and auto- @entity146 on Axis I, as well as @entity73 and level of psychosocial functioning on Axes V and VI. RESULTS: 26% of the @entity1 functioned on a normal intellectual level (N = 58). 54% of the @entity1 (N = 325) had at least one additional @entity146 diagnosis, and 19% (N = 110) had two additional diagnoses. The most frequent diagnoses were externalizing disorders (N = 221). @entity74 (N = 96), as well as other disorders (N = 114) were about equally frequent. Auto- @entity146 occurred more often among @entity1 with severe @entity1032 than in @entity1 of normal intelligence. There was a significant association between the presence of (auto-) @entity146 as well as externalizing diagnoses and the level of psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity245 show a wide variety of co-morbid problems, which are relevant for the treatment and the course of the disorder. The presence of externalizing behaviors is an additional burden on the development of these @entity1 .

title: [Comorbidity in @entity72 - I. XXXX and @entity146 comorbidity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial impairments']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental Disorders', 'pervasive developmental disorders', 'pervasive developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Internalizing disorders']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental retardation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2176 -resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization is a frequent occurrence in @entity1 with @entity177 . Understanding the impact of VRE colonization on this group of @entity1 has considerable clinical applicability. AIM: To understand whether VRE colonization in renal @entity1 has an impact on number of admissions to hospital, length of stay, and mortality. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study of @entity8 @entity1 was performed between 2000 and 2010. Cases were 134 VRE-colonized @entity1 requiring renal replacement therapy and matched controls were 137 non-colonized @entity1 with the same baseline characteristics. Matched cases and controls were analysed for differences in number of admissions, length of stay, and mortality. FINDINGS: There was no difference in mortality between colonized and non-colonized @entity1 (hazard ratio: 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 0.78-1.69; P  =  0.49). Length of stay for colonized @entity1 was 7.29 days compared with 4.14 days (P  <  0.001). The number of admissions for VRE-colonized @entity1 was not significantly different compared with controls (9.34 vs 8.33, P  =  0.78). CONCLUSION: VRE colonization did not increase mortality in renal @entity1 but did contribute to increased length of stay.

title: XXXX -resistant enterococci colonization does not increase mortality in end-stage @entity177 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dialysis']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['Vancomycin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the incidence of @entity2299 and its relation to @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in two brazilian populations. @entity1 AND METHODS: 1.261 subjects were analyzed; 674, whose mean age was 53 years, came from a cardiology private office (population A) and 587, whose mean age was 37 years, were employees of an engineering company (population B). @entity165 was determined by the enzymatic method Chod-pap and LDL calculated by the Friedwald's formula. RESULTS: @entity453 was present in 35.1% of population A and in 1.4% of population B. In population A total @entity165 and LDL were above the expected, in all age groups. About 70% of these @entity1 had @entity165 greater than 200 mg% and LDL greater than 130 mg%, which are considered desirable levels; 28% of @entity1 and 44% of @entity1 had HDL less than 35 mg%. Conversely, in population B total @entity165 and LDL were slightly above normal only in @entity1 greater than 45 years old. In addition, about 65% of population had @entity165 less than 200 mg% and LDL less than 130 mg%; even so, 28% of @entity1 and 48% of @entity1 had HDL less than 35 mg%. In population A, there were no significant differences between the percentages of @entity1 with and without @entity453 , over a wide range of @entity165 values. Similarly, levels of LDL, HDL and @entity1674 as well as the incidence of @entity101 , smoking and @entity6 did not differ between @entity1 with and without @entity453 . CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of @entity2299 in these brazilian populations, especially among @entity1 from private office. Further, the isolated measurement of lipid fractions does not discriminate between @entity1 with and without DAC, suggesting that other factors are involved in the genesis of the disease.

title: [Incidence of XXXX and its relation to @entity453 in Brazilian populations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity842 (NO) at different concentrations may promote or inhibit @entity5 growth and @entity3 under various conditions. To test the hypothesis that @entity5 cells prefer to adhere to the locations with a higher endothelial NO production in intact microvessels under physiological flows and to further test that inhibiting NO production decreases @entity5 cell adhesion, we used intravital fluorescence microscopy to measure NO production and @entity5 cell adhesion in post-capillary venules of @entity35 mesentery under normal and reduced flow conditions, and in the presence of an endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS) inhibitor, @entity7293 . @entity35 (SD, 250-300g) were anesthetized. A midline incision (~2 inch) was made in the abdominal wall and the mesentery was taken out from the abdominal cavity and spread over a coverslip for the measurement. An individual post-capillary venule (35-50  m) was first loaded with @entity14011 ( @entity14011 ), a fluorescent indictor for NO. Then the DAF-2 intensity was measured for 30 min under a normal or reduced flow velocity, with and without perfusion with MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells, and in the presence of @entity7293 . We found that @entity5 cells prefer to adhere to the microvessel locations with a higher NO production such as curved portions. Inhibition of eNOS by @entity7293 attenuated the flow-induced NO production and reduced @entity5 cell adhesion. We also found that @entity7293 treatment for ~40 min reduced microvessel permeability to albumin. Our results suggest that inhibition of eNOS is a good approach to preventing @entity5 cell adhesion to intact microvessels under physiological flows.

title: Inhibition of endothelial XXXX synthase @entity0 cell MDA-MB-231 adhesion to intact microvessels under physiological flows.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity14011 :: ('MESH:C414689', 'Chemical') :: ['4, 5-Diaminofluorescein diacetate', 'DAF-2 DA']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Several host proteins play crucial roles in the @entity2858 replication cycle. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) exemplifies a large, multi-component host machinery that is required by @entity2858 for viral budding. ESCRT promotes the inward budding of vesicles from the membranes of late endosomes to generate multi-vesicular bodies. However, @entity2858 co-opts the ESCRT to enable outwards budding of virus particles from the plasma membrane, a phenomenon that is topologically similar to multi-vesicular body biogenesis. A role for ESCRTII in mRNA trafficking has been established in @entity238 in which the @entity34764 components, @entity34765 and @entity34766 , promote the localisation of the bicoid mRNA in the fertilised egg. This is achieved via specific interactions with the Staufen protein. In this work, we investigated a possible implication of @entity34764 in the @entity2858 replication cycle. RESULTS: Co-immunoprecipitation analyses and live cell tri-molecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that interactions between @entity9609 and Gag and another between @entity9609 and Staufen1 occur in @entity1 cells. We then depleted @entity9609 (the orthologue for @entity34765 ) by siRNA to target @entity34764 in @entity2858 expressing cells. This treatment disrupted @entity34764 function and leads to the degradation of the two other @entity34764 complex proteins, @entity14188 and @entity34767 , as well as the associated Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein. The depletion of @entity9609 led to dramatically reduced viral structural protein Gag and virus production levels, without any effect on viral RNA levels. On the contrary, the overexpression of @entity9609 led to a several-fold increase in virus production. Unexpec-tedly, siRNA-mediated depletion of @entity9609 led to a block to @entity2858 genomic RNA trafficking and resulted in the accumulation of genomic RNA in the nucleus and juxtanuclear domains. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide the first evidence that the Staufen1- @entity34764 interaction is evolutionarily conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes and reveal a novel role for @entity9609 in the control of @entity2858 RNA trafficking and gene expression.

title: @entity34764 's involvement in XXXX genomic RNA trafficking and assembly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']