abstract: Many virus and bacteria can cause @entity198 but are rarely identified as the aetiological agent by individual diagnosis. In France, the only continuous source of information about @entity198 is the @entity580 ( @entity580 ). Data from the VIH-negative @entity1 recorded in mainland France between 2000 and 2002 with a diagnosis of @entity198 were extracted and analysed according to demographic, geographical and temporal distribution. Hospitalisation details were described. An average of 1200 @entity1 was recorded each year. They were residents of all French districts and equally hospitalized in university hospitals and non university hospitals. Their mean age was 38, and most were @entity1 . The aetiological diagnosis was unknown for 80%. The most frequent aetiological diagnosis was @entity778 in adults, and @entity7794 virus in @entity1 . These results give us some clues to design a national study on @entity198 . The study will be implemented in mainland France in 2007 and will last one year. We invite all voluntary hospitals to include their @entity1394 @entity1 in our study.

title: [ XXXX in France from 2000 to 2002: the hospital database is a valuable but limited source of information for epidemiological studies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1394 :: ('MESH:D010301', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitic']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NHMD', 'national hospital medical database']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['Infectious encephalitis']


abstract: Regular @entity286 use in the enclosed environment of a car raises concerns about longer-term contamination of a car's microenvironment with residual secondhand smoke pollutants. This study (a) developed and compared methods to measure residual contamination of cars with secondhand smoke, (b) examined whether cars of smokers and nonsmokers were contaminated by secondhand smoke, and (c) how smoking behavior and restrictions affected contamination levels. Surface wipe, dust, and air samples were collected in used cars sold by nonsmokers (n = 20) and smokers (n = 87) and analyzed for @entity1239 . Sellers were interviewed about smoking behavior and restrictions, and car interiors were inspected for signs of @entity286 use. Cars of smokers who smoked in their vehicles showed significantly elevated levels of @entity1239 (p < .001) in dust, on surfaces, and in the air compared with nonsmoker cars with smoking ban. When smokers imposed car smoking bans, air @entity1239 levels were significantly lower (p < .01), but dust and surface contamination levels remained at similar levels. Smoking more cigarettes in the car and overall higher smoking rate of the seller were significantly associated with higher secondhand smoke contamination of the car (p < .001). Use of a cutpoint for @entity1239 levels from surface wipe samples correctly identified 82% of smoker cars without smoking bans, 75% of smoker cars with bans, and 100% of nonsmoker cars. Surface @entity1239 levels provide a relatively inexpensive and accurate method to identify cars and other indoor environments contaminated with residual secondhand smoke. Disclosure requirements and smoke-free certifications could help protect nonsmoking buyers of used cars.

title: Residual XXXX smoke pollution in used cars for sale: air, dust, and surfaces.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast swellings in @entity1 and adolescents may be overlooked on assumption that they are physiological enlargement. Pathologic swellings including @entity5 have however been encountered in this age group. This study highlighted the spectrum of @entity5 in childhood and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 7 year retrospective analysis of all histologically diagnosed @entity0 in @entity1 aged 0 - 19 years. RESULTS: There were 134 @entity0 diagnoses occurring in 133 females and 1 male (gynaecomastia). One hundred and nineteen cases (88.8%) were recorded in the 10 - 14 year age group and 15 cases (11.2%) in the 15 - 19 year age group. No case was found in @entity1 aged less than 10 years. The most common @entity5 was @entity1557 accounting for 75.4% (n = 101) of all @entity5 followed by @entity652 (n = 11; 8.2%) and @entity3923 (n = 10; 7.4%). No case of @entity5 was recorded in this study. CONCLUSION: @entity1557 is the most common @entity0 in @entity1 and adolescents in our environment.

title: Histopathological review of XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents in Delta State Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma', 'Fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumours']


abstract: To evaluate the role of nutritional factors in the etiology of @entity1204 , we performed a case-cohort analysis using data from @entity1 enrolled in the National Breast Screening Study in Canada from 1980 to 1985. For this analysis, a subcohort was constructed by selecting a 10% random sample from the 56,837 @entity1 in the dietary cohort. Cases were the 221 @entity1 diagnosed with incident @entity420 of the endometrium during follow-up to December 31, 1993 and ascertained by record linkage to the Canadian @entity5 Database. Information on usual diet at enrollment and other epidemiological variables was collected by means of self-administered questionnaires. Hazard ratios were obtained from proportional hazards regression models, with estimation of robust standard errors. We found a strong association of @entity1204 with body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (hazard ratio 2.72, 95% CI: 2.06-3.50). @entity1204 risk was not associated significantly with intakes of total energy, @entity3363 , proteins, total fat and major @entity1718 , total dietary fiber and various types of fibers, @entity620 , E and A, @entity1501 , @entity2066 , @entity8665 , or @entity7583 . Some decrease in risk was noted with relatively high intakes of saturated fat, animal fat or @entity14319 . The associations observed in the study were independent of total energy intake and most non-dietary risk factors. The study suggests that dietary intakes of energy and most major nutrients are not related to the risk of @entity1204 among Canadian @entity1 .

title: A cohort study of nutritional factors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity7583 :: ('MESH:C010564', 'Chemical') :: ['cryptoxanthin']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Open airway reconstruction is considered definitive treatment of @entity850 ( @entity850 ). Although most cases of @entity850 are not autoimmune, there are few data reported in @entity1 with @entity2883 . In this study, we aimed to assess outcomes of airway reconstruction in @entity850 @entity1 with Wegener's compared to nonautoimmune @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of @entity850 cases managed with open airway reconstruction at an academic medical center. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent open airway reconstruction for @entity850 due to Wegener's or nonautoimmune causes were identified from 1995 to 2010. Clinical, demographic, and procedural data were recorded. Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and McNemar's test were used to test for significance. RESULTS: A total of 53 @entity1 were identified; eight Wegener's, 45 nonautoimmune, with median follow-up time of 8.3 and 1.8 years, respectively. Before reconstruction, there was no statistical difference between Wegener's and nonautoimmune @entity1 with previous dilations (88% vs. 68%, P = .41) and @entity734 (50% vs. 42%, P = .72). Following reconstruction, 75% Wegener's and 36% nonautoimmune @entity1 required further dilations (P = .05), with a decannulation rate of 75% and 58% (P = 1.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Wegener's @entity1 have an increased need for dilations after open airway reconstruction for @entity850 . However, these @entity1 can be decannulated after surgery at a rate similar to @entity1 with nonautoimmune @entity850 .

title: Airway reconstruction in XXXX -associated @entity850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['LTS', 'laryngotracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['tracheostomy dependence']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recurrent and complex high @entity292 remain a surgical challenge. This paper reports our experience with the @entity9292 plug in @entity1 with complex @entity292 . METHODS: Data were collected prospectively and analyzed from consecutive @entity1 undergoing insertion of a @entity292 plug from January 2011 through April 2014 at Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital in Tehran. We ensured that @entity295 had been eradicated in all @entity1 prior to placement of the plug. During surgery, a conical shaped collagen plug was pulled through the @entity292 tract. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were included in this case study. All @entity1 had previously undergone failed surgical therapy to cure their @entity292 and had previously-placed Setons. There were eight males and four females with an average age of 44 who were treated for complex @entity292 . At a median time of follow-up of 22.7 months, 10 of the 12 @entity1 had healed (83.3%). One @entity1 developed an abscess that was noted on the sixth postoperative day, and there was one recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Fistula plugs are effective for the long-term closure of complex anal @entity292 . Success of treatment with the @entity292 plug depends on the eradication of @entity295 prior to plug placement.

title: Treating @entity9292 with the @entity9292 plug: case series report of 12 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a world-wide disease, which has a diverse clinical manifestation, and its diagnosis has to be proven by laboratory data. @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) is the most-widely used test for diagnosing @entity3377 . The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can also determine specific antibody classes against brucella. It is a sensitive, simple and rapid test, which could be an acceptable alternative to @entity1062 with fewer limitations, however, like any other new test it should be further evaluated and standardized for various populations. This study was planned to determine an optimal cut-off point, for ELISA which would offer maximum sensitivity and specificity for the test when compared to @entity1062 . METHODS: Four hundred and seven @entity1 with @entity221 and other compatible symptoms of @entity3377 were enrolled in the study. @entity1062 , @entity6514 test, and ELISA were performed on their sera. RESULTS: The cut-off point of 53 IU/ml of ELISA-IgG yielded the maximal sensitivity and specificity comparing to the other levels of ELISA-IgG, and was considered the best cut off-point of ELISA-IgG to diagnose acute @entity3377 . At this cut-off, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 84.09%, 85.38%, 62.20, 94.90, 5.75, 0.18, respectively. CONCLUSION: The best cut-off point of ELISA-IgG is 53 IU/ml, which yields the maximal sensitivity and specificity to diagnose acute @entity3377 .

title: ELISA Cut-off Point for the Diagnosis of XXXX Brucellosis; a Comparison with Serum Agglutination Test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['SAT', 'Serum agglutination test']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity117 reduces mortality for @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Previous research suggests @entity1 with @entity1187 receive less aggressive care, including less frequent early administration of @entity117 . The presence of gender differences in @entity117 use for secondary prevention is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To determine if a gender difference exists in the use of @entity117 for secondary prevention among individuals with @entity301 . DESIGN: We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2000-2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys to determine the prevalence of regular @entity117 use among @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity301 . @entity1 : @entity1 , 1,869, 40 years and older who reported @entity301 or prior @entity583 . RESULTS: @entity1 were less likely than @entity1 to use @entity117 regularly (62.4% vs 75.6%, p < .001) even after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics (adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.48-0.79). This difference narrowed but remained significant when the analysis was limited to those without self-reported contraindications to @entity117 (79.8% vs 86.4%, P = .002, adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.48-0.97). @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to report contraindications (20.5% vs 12.5%, P < .001). Differences in @entity117 use were greater between @entity1 and @entity1 with private health insurance (61.8% vs 79.0%, P < .001, adjusted OR = 0.48, 95% CI, 0.35-0.67) than among those with public coverage (62.5% vs 70.7%, P = .04, adjusted OR = 0.74, 95% CI, 0.50-1.11) (P < .001 for gender-insurance interaction). CONCLUSION: We found a gender difference in @entity117 use among @entity1 with @entity301 not fully explained by differences in @entity1 characteristics or reported contraindications. These findings suggest a need for improved secondary prevention of cardiovascular events for @entity1 with @entity301 .

title: Gender differences in @entity117 use among adults with XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment, perioperative management, and outcome of @entity1 who underwent repair of @entity9933 . We hypothesized that early resection and tracheoplasty with early weaning of ventilatory support results in @entity3137 , and thus better outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study from 1986 to 1996. SETTING: Tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : Seventeen consecutive @entity1 with @entity9933 , aged from birth to 16 months. Fifteen @entity1 had complete tracheal rings, 6 of whom also had a @entity358 sling. Fourteen @entity1 underwent either tracheoplasty or resection and reanastomosis of the @entity825 , both facilitated by cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: Six @entity1 underwent resection and reanastomosis; 4 @entity1 were extubated within 2 to 5 days without sequelae. There was 1 unrelated perioperative @entity204 . Two @entity1 required reintubation. Eight @entity1 required tracheoplasty due to severe @entity6184 and had variable postoperative courses. Seven of 14 @entity1 required 0 to 1 postoperative bronchoscopies. Seven of 14 @entity1 required 2 to 7 bronchoscopies for granulation tissue formation, @entity2318 , graft collapse, and @entity6062 . One @entity1 required numerous procedures and revision tracheoplasty for @entity2318 and @entity850 . CONCLUSIONS: Correction of short-segment (<5 rings) @entity6184 by resection and reanastomosis of the @entity825 with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass and early weaning of ventilatory support is recommended. Tracheoplasty using either the castellation technique or slide tracheoplasty is recommended in the treatment of @entity1 with severe (long segment) @entity6184 .

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6062 :: ('MESH:D014136', 'Disease') :: ['tracheitis']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity9933 :: ('MESH:C536975', 'Disease') :: ['congenital tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['less mucosal injury']

answer: @entity6184 :: (MESH:D014135,Disease) :: ['distal tracheal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness and complications of programmable @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ) for @entity1 with chronic @entity158 . METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, and other bibliographic databases to identify English-language journal articles reporting programmable @entity4784 complications or effects on @entity158 or functioning. Additional study methodology criteria were applied for the effectiveness review. Two authors independently abstracted data from each included article. RESULTS: Six articles met the inclusion criteria for the effectiveness and complications reviews, and 4 others met the criteria only for the complications review; none were randomized trials or of @entity28585 . All 6 articles reviewed for effectiveness reported improvement in @entity158 and functioning on average among @entity1 who received a permanent @entity4784 . Two articles reported the proportion of @entity1 with > or =50% improvement in @entity158 at 6 months (38%, 56%) and 2 at longer follow-ups (30%, 44%). Intrathecal @entity1286 -equivalent doses increased over time. The most commonly reported permanent @entity4784 @entity137 were @entity390 / @entity391 (mean rate weighted by sample size=33%), urinary retention (24%), and @entity111 (26%). Catheter problems were also reported commonly. Rare but serious complications included intrathecal catheter tip @entity738 . CONCLUSIONS: The studies reviewed found improvement in @entity158 and functioning on average among @entity1 with chronic @entity158 who received permanent @entity4784 . However, their methodologic limitations preclude conclusions concerning the effectiveness of this technology long-term and as compared with other treatments. @entity137 and hardware complications were common. Suggestions are made for methodologic improvements in future studies.

title: Programmable intrathecal opioid delivery systems for chronic XXXX : a systematic review of effectiveness and complications.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug side effects', 'drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['IDDS', 'intrathecal opioid and ziconotide drug delivery systems']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity28585 :: ('MESH:C078452', 'Chemical') :: ['ziconotide']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['noncancer pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['noncancer pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Describe the experience that @entity1 with @entity6694 have with menstruation including menstrual hygiene, @entity1834 , @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ), and attempts at treatment. DESIGN: Anonymous web-based survey. SETTING: Convenience sample recruited from @entity6694 LISTSERV in July of 2009. @entity1 : Mothers of @entity1 with @entity6694 between the ages of 10-25 who have had at least one menses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence, frequency, and severity of @entity1834 and @entity3010 ; hygiene concerns; and treatments attempts and perceived effectiveness. RESULTS: @entity1834 and @entity3010 are common problems among young @entity1 with @entity6694 . Despite their frequency and severity they do not routinely limit activities. Multiple treatment attempts are common. Hormonal contraception is used mostly for menstrual cycle control with oral contraceptive pills the most commonly used method. CONCLUSIONS: Young @entity1 with @entity6694 have standard symptoms of @entity1834 and @entity3010 as well as @entity2438 spectrum specific @entity3010 symptoms. Hormonal contraception is commonly used for menstrual management.

title: XXXX and menstruation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['Dysmenorrhea', 'dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'premenstrual syndrome']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['Rett syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Brazilian propolis, a folk medicine, is used worldwide as an alternative medicine to prevent @entity694 . The objective of the study was to test in a small pilot biomarker study in a high-risk group the safety and efficacy of propolis for @entity694 prevention, which has not been evaluated in @entity1 . METHODS: Subjects with @entity6523 recently removed from the colon were randomly assigned to a propolis group of 15 and a placebo group of 16. In a double-blind study, the propolis group received capsules containing 165  mol @entity40192 and 150  mol other @entity6398 per day for 3 months. Prior to and at the end of the experiments, their blood was analyzed using biochemical tests, and specimens from the normal-appearing sigmoid colon mucosa were biopsied endoscopically to examine the levels of @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) and mRNA expressions of @entity1364 , @entity4910 , and @entity589 . RESULTS: Propolis extract significantly increased the mRNA level of @entity4910 in the sigmoid colon mucosa, and the other biomarkers remained unchanged. Blood biochemical tests showed significantly higher activity of @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK), 143    52 units/ml in the propolis group and 104    38 units/ml in the placebo group (p = 0.026), at the end of the study. The increase in CPK activity in the propolis group was due to the increase of the myocardial band form of CPK. On the other hand, laxative treatment prior to endoscopic biopsy significantly increased @entity7599 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results from our pilot study did not provide evidence that Brazilian propolis was effective in preventing changes occurring during early stages of @entity694 . In contrast, propolis may have detrimental side effects on muscle tissue, including myocardial cells.

title: A pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 0/biomarker study on effect of @entity40192 -rich extract of Brazilian propolis in frequent @entity6523 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', "8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma polyps']

entities_list: @entity40192 :: ('MESH:C102259', 'Chemical') :: ['artepillin C']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) and @entity10862 ( @entity10862 ) mRNAs are expressed in the developing @entity35 tongue and taste organs in specific spatiotemporal patterns. @entity2136 mRNA is present in the early lingual gustatory @entity1829 epithelium, from which taste buds eventually arise, prior to the arrival of gustatory nerve fibers at the epithelium, whereas @entity10862 initially distributes in the mesenchyme. However, a direct test for neural dependence of neurotrophin expression on the presence of innervation in tongue has not been made, nor is it known whether the patterns of neurotrophin expression can be replicated in an in vitro system. Therefore, we used a tongue organ culture model that supports taste @entity1829 formation while eliminating the influence from sensory nerve fibers, to study neurotrophin mRNAs in lingual tissues. @entity35 tongue cultures were begun at embryonic day 13 or 14 (E13, E14), and @entity2136 , @entity10862 , @entity2137 ( @entity2137 ) and @entity10863 ( @entity10863 ) mRNAs were studied at 0, 2, 3 and 6 days in culture. @entity2136 transcripts were localized in the gustatory epithelium of both developing fungiform and circumvallate papillae after 2 or 3 days in culture, and @entity10862 transcripts were in the subepithelial mesenchyme. The neurotrophin distributions were comparable to those in vivo at E13-E16. In 6-day tongue cultures, however, @entity2136 transcripts in anterior tongue were not restricted to @entity1829 but were more widespread in the lingual epithelium, while the circumvallate trench epithelium exhibited restricted @entity2136 labeling. The @entity10862 expression pattern shifted in 6-day organ cultures in a manner comparable to that in the embryo in vivo, and was expressed in the lingual epithelium as well as mesenchyme. @entity2137 mRNA expression was subepithelial throughout 6 days in cultures. @entity10863 mRNA was not detected. The neurotrophin mRNA distributions demonstrate that temporospatial localization of neurotrophins observed during development in vivo is retained in the embryonic tongue organ culture system. Furthermore, initial neurotrophin expression in the developing lingual epithelium, mesenchyme, and/or taste papillae is not dependent on intact sensory innervation. We suggest that patterns of lingual neurotrophin mRNA expression are controlled by the influence of local tissue interactions within the tongue at early developmental stages. However, the eventual loss of restricted @entity2136 mRNA localization from @entity1829 in anterior tongue suggests that sensory innervation may be important for restricting the localized expression of neurotrophins at later developmental stages, and for maintaining the unique phenotypes of @entity1829 .

title: Distinctive spatiotemporal expression patterns for neurotrophins develop in XXXX and lingual tissues in embryonic tongue organ cultures.

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['fungiform papillae', 'papilla', 'gustatory papillae']

answer: @entity1829 :: (MESH:D010211,Disease) :: ['gustatory papillae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that smoking is independently associated with decreased mortality in @entity1 with @entity55 . We hypothesized that this is a result of acquiring differential pneumococcal serotypes (ie, smokers with @entity2258 are more likely to experience @entity2259 , with low case fatality rate (CFR) serotypes). We tested this hypothesis in a population-based cohort of @entity1 with @entity2258 ( @entity2258 ). METHODS: Our prospective population-based clinical registry included 1,636 adults (>=  18 years) with @entity2258 who were hospitalized between 2000 and 2010 in northern Alberta, Canada. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined the adjusted risk of all-cause in-hospital mortality according to smoking status (current vs  not current) and conducted stratified analyses by serotypes (low CFR vs  all other CFRs) according to smoking status. RESULTS: The average @entity1 age was 54 years, 57%  were @entity1 , 49%  were current smokers, and 41%  had low-CFR serotypes. Overall, 62 of 809 current smokers died in the hospital vs  164 of 827 nonsmokers (8%  vs  20%; adjusted OR, 0.52; 95%  CI, 0.36-0.77; P  = .001). Current smokers were more likely to have low-CFR-serotype isolates than were nonsmokers (53%  vs  29%; adjusted OR, 1.67; 95%  CI, 1.31-2.12; P  < .001) and in models adjusted for low-CFR serotype, smoking remained independently associated with reduced mortality (P  = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers with @entity2258 had a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality and were more likely to experience @entity2259 with low CFR serotypes. These findings, at least in part, may explain why previous studies showed that smoking was associated with lower mortality in @entity1 with @entity55 .

title: Current Smoking and Reduced Mortality in XXXX : A Population-Based Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia', 'bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia', 'BPP']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity2258 :: (MESH:D011018,Disease) :: ['Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the most common neurological and behavioral symptoms treated by medications in individuals with @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ), factors associated with treatment variability, and @entity4764 in swallowing a pill. METHOD: A total of 1019 caregivers provided information about 1064 sons and 299 daughters with @entity2100 in a US national survey. Caregivers reported (a) current use of medications for attention, @entity148 , @entity2915 , @entity1316 , anger, @entity308 , @entity410 , @entity130 , or sleep; (b) perceived efficacy; and (c) @entity4764 in swallowing a pill. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of males and 38% of females were currently taking medication for at least 1 symptom. The most common symptoms were @entity148 , attention, and @entity2915 . Treatments for attention and @entity2915 were common in childhood but declined substantially after the age of 18 years; @entity148 treatment remained high in adults. @entity1 perceived to be more impaired and @entity1 diagnosed or treated for @entity2438 were more likely to be taking medications. Caregivers considered most medications somewhat effective, but less than one-third rated current medication as "a lot" effective. Many @entity1 had @entity4764 swallowing a pill, but only 11% of adult males and 2% of adult females had a lot of @entity4764 . CONCLUSION: Symptom-based medication use is common in @entity2100 , although response is incomplete and there is clearly an unmet need for medications with improved efficacy. The persistent use of medications to treat @entity148 , mood, and behavior problems throughout adolescence and into the adult years suggests important outcomes when evaluating the efficacy of new medications.

title: Medication utilization for targeted symptoms in @entity1 and adults with XXXX : US survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood swings']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['FXS', 'fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['self-injury']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of composite extracts in reducing weight, as the main outcome measure. Secondary measures of the study were body composition change. DESIGN: Randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Tertiary university clinic. SUBJECTS: hundred and five subjects, 5 of them withdrawn consent, 2 drop-outs not related to study preparation. INTERVENTION: two tablet per meal concept supposed to generate a "psychological" therapy-like approach during 12 weeks supported by measured physical activity. The tablets 1 (one hour before meals, comprises extracts of Asparagus, Green tea, Black tea, Guarana, Mate and @entity11297 ) and 2 (taken half an hour after meals, comprises extracts of @entity11297 pods, Garcinia cambogia, and @entity3407 @entity375 ) are taken twice daily with two main meals. RESULTS: A significant change of the Body Composition Improvement Index (BCI) was observed in the active extract group compared to placebo (p = 0.012). Weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio was not statistically different between groups. Body fat loss was greater in active group (p = 0.011) compared to placebo. A @entity353 parameter corrected for exercise was introduced and found to be higher in active group (p = 0.046) than in placebo, meaning that the formula was more efficacious, due to a concurrently performed exercise program--a recommended strategy for life style modification. CONCLUSIONS: A significant change of the Body Composition Improvement Index and the decrease in body fat was statistically significant in active extract subjects compared to placebo. A change in some outcome measures like: weight, BMI failed to produce significant difference between groups.

title: Efficacy of 12 weeks supplementation of a botanical extract-based XXXX formula on body weight, body composition and blood chemistry in healthy, overweight subjects--a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Kidney bean', 'Kidney beans']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['Chromium']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: AIM: of our study was to determine the correlation between physical activity tolerance assesed by exercise tolerance test (ETT) and dynamics of change of echocardiographic parameters of left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) in standard transtoracic echocardiography (TTE) in long-term follow up of @entity1 with persistent nonvalvular @entity955 ( @entity955 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 67 @entity1 (W/M: 23/44; mean age 63.2 +/- 7.1 years) with persistent @entity955 lasting longer than 1 month. Rate control strategy targeted resting heart rate 70-90/min. All study subject underwent ETT in order to assess their exercise capacity. Before ETT we performed TTE in all @entity1 and calculated the area of LA (LAar), longitudinal and saggital diameter of LA (LAlax, LAsax), LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and LV shortening fraction (FS). TTE was performed again in 2 and 12 months after beginning of observation. RESULTS: Using variation analysis we established the correlation between time of ETT in @entity1 with persistent @entity955 and dynamics of change of specific echocardiographic parameters in 12 months follow-up. In @entity1 with ETT time <60 sec we observed statistically significant rise of LAar from 26.5 +/- 6.1 to 29.6 +/- 4.9 cm2 (p < 0.05; ANOVA) and deterioration of LV function assessed with FS from 35.6 +/- 5.3% on the beginning to 31.7 +/- 7.4% at the end of study (p < 0.02; ANOVA). There was no correlation between time of ETT and dynamics of change of other echocardiographic parameters in @entity1 with time of ETT >60 sec. CONCLUSIONS: Time of exercise tolerance test limited with @entity712 symptoms is an independent factor predicting dynamics of change of chosen echocardiographic parameters of left heart in long-term observation of @entity1 with persistent @entity955 .

title: [Value of electrocardiographic treadmill test for rate control strategy in permanent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although it is well established that euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 can have @entity73 , substantial heterogeneity exists and little is known about the extent and severity of @entity162 subtype. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze cognitive variability in a sample of @entity1 with @entity162 . METHODS: The neuropsychological performance of 116 subjects, including 64 euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 and 52 healthy control subjects, was examined and compared by means of a comprehensive @entity149 . Neurocognitive data were analyzed using a cluster analysis to examine whether there were specific groups based on neurocognitive patterns. Subsequently, subjects from each cluster were compared on demographic, clinical, and functional variables. RESULTS: A three-cluster solution was identified with an intact neurocognitive group (n = 29, 48.3%), an intermediate or selectively impaired group (n = 24, 40.0%), and a @entity73 group (n = 7, 11.6%). Among the three clusters, statistically significant differences were observed in premorbid intelligence quotient (p = 0.002), global functional outcome (p = 0.021), and leisure activities (p = 0.001), with @entity1 in the @entity73 cluster showing the lowest attainments. No differences in other clinical characteristics were found among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that neurocognitive variability is also present among @entity1 with @entity162 . Approximately one-half of the @entity1 with @entity162 were @entity73 , and among them 12% were severely and @entity73 . The identification of different cognitive profiles may help to develop cognitive remediation programs specifically tailored for each cognitive profile.

title: Cognitive variability in XXXX : who is @entity73 and who is preserved.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitively impaired', 'globally impaired']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar II disorder', 'impairment within the bipolar II disorder']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive battery']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar II disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In spite of the high prevalence of @entity5 in the elderly, little information is available about the efficacy and @entity137 of chemotherapy in elderly @entity1 . In a previous study, the authors demonstrated that the combination of @entity5537 and tegafur (UFT) with @entity4181 (LV) was active and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). The objective of the current study was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of this regimen in elderly @entity1 with @entity14 . METHODS: Thirty-eight unselected @entity1 older than 70 years (median age, 74 years) with measurable @entity14 were included. All @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and response. The regimen consisted of intravenous LV 500 mg/m2 on Day 1, oral LV 15 mg every 12 hours on Days 2-14, and oral UFT 390 mg/m2 on Days 1-14. Treatment was repeated every 28 days for a minimum of 4 courses per @entity1 . RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-eight cycles of chemotherapy were delivered (median, 7 per @entity1 ). Two @entity1 (5%) achieved a complete response and 9 (24%) a partial response, for an overall response rate of 29%. @entity137 was mild, without dose-limiting myelosuppression. Four @entity1 (10%) experienced Grade 3-4 @entity294 , 1 @entity1 had Grade 3-4 @entity390 / @entity391 , and 1 had Grade 3-4 @entity33 . Grade 3-4 @entity137 was more frequent among @entity1 than @entity1 (38% vs. 4%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with oral UFT modulated with LV is effective, well tolerated, and feasible on an outpatient basis for elderly @entity1 with @entity14 . However, elderly @entity1 should be followed closely for the early detection of @entity137 .

title: Uracil and tegafur modulated with @entity4181 : an effective regimen with low @entity137 for the treatment of XXXX in the elderly. Oncopaz Cooperative Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'advanced colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: This is a retrospective analysis of 1211 @entity1 with invasive @entity2622 treated with irradiation alone from 1959 through 1986, of whom 322 developed distant @entity3 during the course of the disease. The 10-year actuarial incidence of distant @entity3 was 3% in Stage IA (34 @entity1 ), 16% in Stage IB (384 @entity1 ), 31% in Stage IIA (128 @entity1 ), 26% in Stage IIB (353 @entity1 ), 39% in Stage III (292 @entity1 ), and 75% in Stage IVA (20 @entity1 ). A multivariate analysis of factors influencing the incidence of distant @entity3 showed clinical stage, endometrial extension noted by dilatation and curettage (D_C) prior to therapy, and @entity530 control within each stage to be significant indicators of distant dissemination; histology, @entity66 , and age of @entity1 were not significant. The frequency of @entity3 in all stages except IVA was greater when @entity1204 extension was detected by D _ C before to definitive irradiation (Stage IB, 28%; Stage IIA, 48%; Stage IIB, 42%; Stage III, 72%; and Stage IVA, 75%). In contrast, with normal D _ C findings, the incidence of distant @entity3 was 15% in Stage IB, 29% in Stage IIA, 25% in Stage IIB, 45% in Stage III, and 84% in Stage IVA. The incidence of @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity530 control was 11% in Stage IB, 22% in Stage IIA, 21% in Stage IIB, 34% in Stage III, and 50% in Stage IVA; in contrast, the corresponding incidence in @entity1 failing in the pelvis was 76% in Stage IB, 88% in Stage IIA, 62% in Stage IIB, 87% in Stage III, and 74% in Stage IVA. The frequency of @entity3 per histology was comparable in @entity957 and other histologic types. The incidence of @entity3 to other organs was 56%: Most frequent sites were lung, abdominal cavity, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of clinically apparent lymph node involvement was 22%, predominantly to paraaortic, supraclavicular, and inguinal nodes. Bone @entity3 occurred in 16% of the @entity1 , most commonly to the lumbar and thoracic spine. Despite aggressive local therapy with excellent local control, the incidence of distant @entity3 in @entity1 with invasive @entity2622 is high. The management of these @entity1 and their response to salvage therapy are discussed. The need for effective adjuvant systemic therapy in the management of @entity1 with invasive @entity189 is also discussed.

title: Distant XXXX after irradiation alone in @entity2622 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial tumor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['volume of disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1470 ( @entity1470 ) is the rarest form of @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ). A risk-adapted treatment approach has been advocated, but controversy exists as to the most important prognostic markers for this disease. Our goal was to determine the prognostic markers for @entity1 with @entity1470 seen at our center. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity1470 seen at a single tertiary care center between 1996 and 2011. The association of FIGO stage, interval from antecedent pregnancy, antecedent pregnancy outcome, @entity1 @entity1465 level, and age to overall survival was examined using univariate log-rank tests. Presentation, treatment, and outcome were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Data from 17 @entity1 were analyzed. Eight (47%) had Stage I/II disease and 9 (53%) had @entity5 . Median overall survival for the entire cohort was 86 months (range, 2-101 months). Median duration of follow-up for surviving @entity1 was 56 months. Increasing FIGO stage (I-III versus IV) was associated with a worse overall survival (p=0.009). Interval from antecedent pregnancy (>= 12months), antecedent pregnancy outcome (full-term), @entity1465 (>= 1000 IU/L), and age (>= 40) were not associated with worse survival. CONCLUSION: FIGO stage, specifically Stage IV disease, was the most important predictor of overall survival in our cohort of @entity1470 @entity1 .

title: XXXX : analysis of presentation, treatment, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['hCG', 'chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III/IV disease']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease', 'GTD']

entities_list: @entity1470 :: ('MESH:D018245', 'Disease') :: ['PSTT', 'Placental-site trophoblastic tumor']

answer: @entity1470 :: (MESH:D018245,Disease) :: ['Placental site trophoblastic tumor']


abstract: The action of central and peripheral type @entity1245 ligands on @entity11249 , luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels in serum were studied in male @entity35 . Graded doses of @entity19944 , that binds to the peripheral type @entity1245 receptors, @entity2053 , a fairly pure central type agonist and @entity3175 , a mixed-type agonist, were given intraperitoneally. Also a @entity1245 partial inverse agonist, @entity12453 , was investigated. @entity2053 increased @entity11249 levels at 0.2 mg/kg while higher doses were not active. @entity3175 (5-25 mg/kg) was not effective. @entity12453 (15 mg/kg) and @entity19944 (25 mg/kg) decreased @entity11249 levels. @entity5757 , a central-type antagonist, reversed at least partially the effects of @entity2053 and @entity12453 , suggesting an effect through @entity1246 - @entity1245 complex. Elevation of @entity11249 could be associated with anxiolysis and decrease of @entity11249 with enhanced @entity148 . @entity2053 (0.2-5 mg/kg) and @entity3175 (5-25 mg/kg) increased luteinizing hormone concentrations, but only the effects of 1 mg/kg of @entity2053 and 5 mg/kg of @entity3175 reached statistical significance. Even @entity12453 caused a modest increase of luteinizing hormone at 5 mg/kg, but @entity19944 rather decreased luteinizing hormone, although not significantly. @entity5757 (25 mg/kg) antagonized partially the effects of @entity3175 and @entity2053 . Effects of @entity19944 and @entity12453 were not modified by @entity5757 or @entity19943 , a peripheral-type mixed antagonist/agonist. Luteinizing hormone stimulation by @entity1245 ligands may be a pituitary action while inhibition could be caused by the activation of the central GABAergic system. Serum follicle stimulating hormone levels were not significantly altered by central or peripheral type @entity1245 agonists or antagonists.

title: Effects of central and peripheral type XXXX ligands on @entity11249 and gonadotropin secretion in male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil', 'Flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonazepam', 'clonazepam']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Non-valvular @entity955 (NVAF) increases the risk of systemic @entity1031 events; therefore, anticoagulant treatment with @entity2067 antagonists is widely prescribed. Recently, new oral anticoagulants (NOAs) directly inhibiting thrombin ( @entity3926 ) or factor Xa ( @entity3925 and @entity5424 ) demonstrated their non-inferiority with respect to @entity1229 in reducing the @entity1031 risk. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost effectiveness of NOAs in an Italian setting. METHODS: A Markov decision model including ten health states and @entity204 was developed, and a 3-month Markov cycle and lifetime horizon were adopted. Transition probabilities and quality of life were estimated from three randomized trials and from additional reports in the literature. Analysis was performed in the context of the Italian National Health System. First- and second-order sensitivity analyses were made to test the robustness of the results. The mean European cost of @entity3926 (< @entity7634 >2.58/day) was assigned to each NOA. RESULTS: The incremental cost-utility ratio was below < @entity7634 >25,000/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained for each NOA and each CHADS2 level, but differences among drugs were found. This result was sensitive to the time in ( @entity1229 ) therapeutic range and time horizon. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that NOAs are a cost-effective treatment for the prevention of @entity64 in @entity1 with NVAF in the Italian healthcare setting.

title: @entity5424 , @entity3926 , and @entity3925 versus XXXX for @entity64 prevention in non-valvular @entity955 : a cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: Conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) has been found to exert beneficial effects on lipid profile and repress de novo @entity844 synthesis in mammary gland during lactation. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the antilipogenic effects of CLA have not been established. The cytosolic @entity1110 + -dependent @entity9275 dehydrogenase ( @entity37040 ) plays a critical role in @entity165 and @entity844 biosynthesis by providing reducing equivalents as @entity1110 . In previous studies, we documented that the expression of @entity37040 in @entity291 mammary epithelium was modulated by regulators of mammary differentiation and metabolic effectors. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of prolactin (PRL) and CLA on @entity37040 expression in BME-UV @entity291 mammary epithelial cells. In time-course experiments, we found that the treatment with PRL for 60 and 90 min elicited a significant increase in @entity37040 transcript levels. Conversely, the cotreatment of BME-UV cells with PRL plus a CLA mixture for 90 min prevented the accumulation of @entity37040 mRNA induced by PRL. In addition, we found that the trans-10, cis-12 CLA, but not the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer, inhibited basal- and PRL-induced @entity37040 mRNA expression. The inhibitory effects of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer on PRL-induced @entity37040 expression accumulation were confirmed by quantitative real time PCR and western-blotting analysis. We propose that the inhibitory effects of CLA on milk fat synthesis in mammary epithelial cells may derive, at least in part, from repression of @entity37040 expression.

title: Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated @entity4722 inhibits prolactin-induced cytosolic XXXX + -dependent @entity9275 dehydrogenase expression in @entity291 mammary epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADP']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) can impair prognosis of @entity712 ( @entity712 ), but their specific impact is not well established. This study aimed to analyse the clinical profile and outcomes of @entity712 @entity1 with LBBB, @entity714 ( @entity714 ), @entity714 ( @entity714 ), and no @entity1757 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Clinical variables and outcomes after a median follow-up of 21 months were analysed in 1762 @entity1 with chronic @entity712 and LBBB (n = 532), @entity714 (n = 134), @entity714 (n = 154), and no @entity1757 (n = 942). LBBB was associated with more marked LV dilation, @entity308 , and @entity339 . @entity1 with @entity714 presented overt signs of congestive @entity712 and depressed right ventricular motion. The @entity714 group presented intermediate clinical characteristics, and @entity1 with no @entity1757 were more often @entity1 with less enlarged left ventricles and less @entity308 . @entity204 occurred in 332 @entity1 (interannual mortality = 10.8%): cardiovascular in 257, extravascular in 61, and of unknown origin in 14 @entity1 . @entity204 occurred in 230 (pump failure in 171 and @entity944 in 59). An adjusted Cox model showed higher risk of @entity204 and pump failure death in the LBBB and @entity714 than in the @entity714 and the no IVCD groups. CONCLUSION: LBBB and @entity714 are associated with different clinical profiles and both are independent predictors of increased risk of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity712 . A more favourable prognosis was observed in @entity1 with @entity714 and in those free of @entity1757 . Further research in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity714 is warranted.

title: Differential clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity1757 in XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed LVEF']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block', 'LAFB', 'left anterior fascicular block']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['Intraventricular conduction defects', 'IVCDs']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Death', 'Cardiac death', 'cardiac death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the incidence of parentally reported illness in otherwise healthy South Island toddlers; characterise the predictors of illness; and determine whether there was a relationship between teething and illness in this population. METHODS: A 20-week randomised controlled trial was conducted on 1-year-old @entity1 (n=225) from Otago and Southland between February 2004 and December 2005. Information on symptoms of morbidity, occurrence of teething, and childcare attendance were recorded daily throughout the intervention period. Morbidity symptoms were categorised into @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ), @entity344 ( @entity344 ), @entity2169 , and @entity221 , and the number and duration of events were determined. RESULTS: The mean (SD) number of total illnesses was 3.4 (2.3) per 20 weeks, with an average duration of 4.5 days. Episodes of @entity1576 were most common (50% of @entity221 events), and tended to be the longest in duration (mean of 3.7 days). Having siblings aged less than 5 years (23% increase, 95%CI 6%-42%, p=0.007) and attending childcare (72% increase, 95%CI 38%-113%, p<0.001)), were positively associated with the number of @entity221 events but not duration. In addition, teething was positively associated with total events (OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.45-2.60, p<0.001), @entity1576 events (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.41-2.93, p<0.001) and @entity344 events (OR 1.90, 95%CI 1.36-2.67, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study has shown that illness (particularly @entity1576 ) is common in the second year of life. It has also confirmed that attending childcare and having siblings aged under 5 years increases the number of illness events. An association between teething and the occurrence of illness was also seen but the exact nature of this relationship requires verification.

title: Rates of common communicable illnesses in non-anaemic 12-24 month old South Island, New Zealand XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illness', 'GII']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['RI', 'respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear infection']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['total illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The marked discrepancy between the prevalence of @entity263 and the incidence of clinically manifest disease indicates a long latency phase and significant heterogeneity in the progression potential of early @entity1313 . There are a variety of histologic changes within prostatic epithelium that have been termed atypical or @entity6349 . The 2 most widely studied of these lesions are @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) and @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). Although associations between @entity1412 and @entity420 are spurious, those linking @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) to @entity5 are far more established. There is a significantly increased risk for @entity1 with isolated @entity1893 to have @entity263 confirmed on subsequent biopsy, suggesting that @entity1893 is a marker for @entity263 in addition to its potential role as a @entity75 . Autopsy studies reveal that @entity1893 is found in association with @entity5 in 63% to 94% of malignant and 25% to 43% of benign prostates. Data on age and race reveal that African American @entity1 develop more extensive @entity1893 at a younger age than white @entity1 . A wide spectrum of molecular/genetic abnormalities appears to be common to both @entity263 . Data loss of 8p, 10q, 16q, 18q, and gain of 7q31, 8q, multiple copies of the @entity517 genes, along with changes in chromatin texture, telomerase activity, cell cycle status, and proliferative indices collectively suggest that @entity1893 is intermediate between benign epithelium and @entity263 with respect to these markers. These data indicate that @entity1893 is important in @entity5 , and may present an appropriate target/marker for chemoprevention.

title: Histological markers of risk and the role of high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'HGPIN and prostate cancer', 'preclinical prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic progression', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGPIN', 'high-grade PIN']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['AAH', 'atypical adenomatous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of @entity1667 and @entity3390 after the compressive injury of spinal cord in @entity35 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of @entity1667 and non-competitive @entity143 antagonist @entity3390 in long-term functional outcome after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). METHODS: A randomized group A of @entity35 were treated with @entity3390 (1.0 mg/kg, n=10; Group A) after a @entity2850 . A group of @entity1667 (MP)-treated (30 mg/kg, n=10; Group B) and non-treated animals (n=9; Group C) were included for comparison. The functional motor outcome such as inclined plane (IP), toe spreading reflex (TSR), and modified Tarlov scale (TS) were measured in each animal at regular time points up to 8 weeks post-treatment. Histologically the injury site was scored in four groups and immunohistochemically @entity6441 ( @entity6441 ), @entity5219 and expression of beta-amyloid protein was identified. RESULTS: In examining the IP data, no significant difference was recognized between the group means (P-value>0.5). For the TSR, there were no differences in the group responses. For the TS, the differences were not statistically significant. Only group B showed significance in cavitation scores compared to group A (P>0.0094), @entity6441 was significantly different than group C (P>0.03), @entity5219 was significantly higher than group A (P>0.001) and modest presence of beta-amyloid protein. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that one time bolus administration of @entity3390 lacks any significant effect on axonal function in chronically injured @entity35 . Daily bolus administration of MP at 30 mg/kg also did not ensure a better functional outcome. Immunohistochemically we have been able to show significant differences in @entity6441 , @entity5219 and small insignificant changes in beta-amyloid protein.

title: Effects of @entity1667 and XXXX on functional recovery after experimental chronic @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injury']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian Degeneration', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity3390 :: (MESH:D016291,Chemical) :: ['MK-801']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the diagnosis of @entity697 and differentiation of perforated and nonperforated @entity698 cases, with histopathologic correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty consecutive @entity1 (34 males, 26 females; mean age, 35.6  15.5 years; range, 17-83 years) with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity697 were included in this prospective study. With a 1.5 Tesla MRI unit, DW-MRI examinations were performed with b values of 50, 400, and 800 s/mm(2). The mean ADC values of case and control groups, as well as in perforated and nonperforated groups were compared. RESULTS: Of the 60 cases, 44 had a radiological diagnosis of @entity697 , and 16 were regarded as normal. Of the 40 @entity1 who underwent surgical operation, 12 had a histopathological diagnosis of @entity698 , and 28 had nonperforated @entity698 . Mean ADC value in @entity1 with @entity697 (1.01  0.26*10(-3) mm(2)/s) was lower than the control group (1.85  0.13*10(-3) mm(2)/s) (P < 0.001). Mean ADC value of the perforated group (0.79  0.19*10(-3) mm(2)/s) was lower than the nonperforated group (1.11  0.22*10(-3) mm(2)/s) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy rate of DW-MRI in the diagnosis of @entity697 were 97.5%, 100%, 97.5%, 100%, and 98.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: DW-MRI and ADC quantification are effective in the diagnosis of @entity697 , both in perforated and nonperforated cases.

title: The value of diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient quantification in the diagnosis of perforated and nonperforated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis', 'perforated appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a baroreflex-mediated biphasic reaction of heart rate in response to @entity1540 . Abnormal HRT identifies @entity1 with @entity5433 or @entity73 . The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effect of @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) on cardiac autonomic function using HRT parameters. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 25 @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 with a mean age of 39.7    15.5 years) who were diagnosed with @entity1375 and 35 euthyroid @entity1 (13 males, 22 females with a mean age 38.4    11.7 years). All @entity1 underwent 24 h ambulatory electrocardiography monitorization. The study calculated two HRT parameters, @entity7939 ( @entity7939 ) and turbulence onset (TO), and these HRT parameters were compared between the groups to examine the relationship between HRT and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. RESULTS: The characteristics of @entity1375 @entity1 and control cases were similar with regard to age, sex except for TSH levels. Serum TSH levels were significantly higher in @entity1375 @entity1 than in the controls (7.3    1.8  IU/ml vs. 2.4    1.0  IU/ml, p < 0.001). TO was significantly higher in @entity1375 @entity1 compared with controls (-1.51    0.5 vs. -2.2    1.0, p = 0.002). @entity1375 @entity1 had lower @entity7939 values than controls (7.6    2.4 vs. 10.8    3.4, p < 0.001). TO was positively correlated with serum TSH levels (r = 0.276, p = 0.033). There was also a negative correlation between @entity7939 and serum TSH levels (r = -0.437, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicated that cardiac autonomic function is impaired in @entity1 with @entity1375 . KEY WORDS: Heart rate; Holter electrocardiography; @entity1375 .

title: Heart Rate Turbulence Analysis in Subclinical Hypothroidism Heart Rate Turbulence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'subclinical hypothyroidism', 'SCH']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired baroreflex sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular beats']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7939 :: ('MESH:C535556', 'Disease') :: ['turbulence slope', 'TS']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunocompromised @entity1 , particularly after lung transplantation, are at high risk to develop atypical forms of @entity358 including @entity683 . Acute Fibrinous and @entity3616 (AFOP) is a special histological pattern in acute @entity1576 with high mortality. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a 66-year-old @entity1 with double lung transplantation in August 2009 due to end @entity3794 . After prolonged weaning and subsequent promising course, she developed @entity55 with @entity358 in both lungs in January 2010. Infection with @entity778 was verified. The @entity1 rapidly suffered from @entity1576 and died eight days after this diagnosis. The post-mortem revealed especially in the lower parts of the lungs the classical histological pattern of pure AFOP. Molecular analyses of lung tissue were positive for @entity683 . CONCLUSION: To our knowledge we present the first case of AFOP triggered by @entity1800 , here proven to be influenza virus A/H1N1. Thus, also in the setting of @entity1800 the highly deadly differential diagnosis of AFOP must be considered.

title: Acute XXXX associated with @entity55 after lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/H1N1 virus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['atypical pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['stage pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['Organizing Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/H1N1']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections', 'diffuse pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory insufficiency']

answer: @entity3616 :: (MESH:D018549,Disease) :: ['fibrinous and organizing pneumonia']


abstract: A panel of @entity14 has been examined immunohistologically with mAb specific for allodeterminants of @entity1529 or @entity1530 , and with mAb reactive with @entity1529 ,B,C framework determinants or @entity2262 . Out of 85 @entity189 , 5 cases were completely negative for all class I Ag in the @entity5 cell population. Fifteen cases exhibited a differential expression of @entity1529 and @entity1530 products in all @entity5 cells or in a subset. Such @entity5 cells showed strong staining with monomorphic HLA antibodies but failed to stain with certain allospecific mAb. Negativity of @entity5 cells was scored only when normal stromal cells within the @entity5 mass were clearly labeled, indicating expression of the particular allodeterminant(s) in the given tissue. Four @entity189 showed a selective loss of HLA-A2 or a non-A2 @entity1529 allospecificity in all @entity5 cells or a major subset, whereas @entity1530 Ag were expressed. Seven cases showed a selective loss of the HLA-Bw6 superspecificity in the @entity5 cell population; HLA-Bw4 and @entity1529 Ag were present. Three cases exhibited a combined loss of HLA-A2 and HLA-Bw6 Ag, with non-A2 @entity1529 and HLA-Bw4 Ag being expressed. A further case was HLA-Bw6/Bw4 negative in a major @entity5 cell subset and @entity1529 negative in the complementary minor subset. The results show that a considerable proportion of @entity14 is heterogeneous with regard to @entity1529 and @entity1530 expression. The reasons for the appearance of @entity5 subsets with complete loss of class I Ag or selective loss of only @entity1529 or @entity1530 Ag are not clear, but it is conceivable that some of them arose because they have escaped immunoselection.

title: Selective loss of XXXX or @entity1530 antigen expression in colon carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity1529 :: (3105,Gene) :: ['HLA-A']


abstract: CONTEXT: Adverse effects of selective @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors on @entity8 and @entity943 have been controversial, with suggestions of a class effect. OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate adverse risks of @entity8 ( @entity8 , @entity101 , and @entity4 ) and @entity943 events and to explore drug class effects and temporal trends of apparent effects of the @entity3840 inhibitors: @entity13586 , @entity12698 , @entity17852 , @entity14340 , @entity14296 , and @entity24846 . DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE (through June 2006), bibliographies, US Food and Drug Administration reports, and pharmaceutical industry clinical trial databases. STUDY SELECTION: From relevant reports, 114 randomized double-blind clinical trials were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Information on publication year, @entity1 characteristics, trial duration, drug, control, dose, and events were extracted using a standardized protocol. DATA SYNTHESIS: Results were pooled via random-effects models and meta-regressions. Of 116 094 @entity1 from 114 trial reports including 127 trial populations (40 @entity13586 , 37 @entity12698 , 29 @entity17852 + @entity14340 , 15 @entity14296 , and 6 @entity24846 ), there were a total of 6394 composite @entity8 (2670 @entity4 , 3489 @entity101 , 235 @entity8 ) and 286 @entity943 events. Results indicated significant heterogeneity of renal effects across agents (P for interaction = .02), indicating no class effect. Compared with controls, @entity13586 was associated with increased risk of @entity943 (relative risk [RR], 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-7.88) and composite @entity8 (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.33-1.76); adverse renal effects increased with greater dose and duration (both P< or =.05). For all individual renal end points, @entity13586 was associated with increased risk of @entity4 (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.23-1.66), @entity101 (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.29-1.85), and @entity8 (RR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.05-5.07). In contrast, @entity12698 was associated with lower risk of both @entity8 (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94) and @entity101 (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.97) compared with controls. Other agents were not significantly associated with risk. Time-cumulative analyses indicated that for @entity13586 the adverse risks for @entity4 and @entity101 were evident by the end of year 2000 and for risk of @entity943 by 2004. CONCLUSIONS: In this comprehensive analysis of 114 randomized trials with 116,094 @entity1 , @entity13586 was associated with increased renal and @entity943 risks. A @entity3840 inhibitor class effect was not evident. Future safety monitoring is warranted and may benefit from an active and continuous cumulative surveillance system.

title: Adverse effects of XXXX inhibitors on renal and @entity943 events: meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal events', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity17852 :: ('MESH:C406224', 'Chemical') :: ['valdecoxib']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral edema']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity24846 :: ('MESH:C473384', 'Chemical') :: ['lumiracoxib']

entities_list: @entity14296 :: ('MESH:C422649', 'Chemical') :: ['etoricoxib']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase 2']


abstract: We studied the effects of acute pharmacologic and hemodynamic interventions on isovolumic left ventricular relaxation in 19 conscious @entity235 using micromanometer tip catheters. @entity3044 (11 studies) augmented peak rate of rise of left ventricular pressure [(+) dP/dt] by 1,275+/-227 (SE) mm Hg/s (P < 0.001) and dP/dt at an isopressure point of 35 mm Hg during isovolumic relaxation [(-) dP/dt(35)] by 435+/-80 mm Hg/s (P < 0.001). Peak (-) dP/dt decreased by 467+/-89 mm Hg/s (P < 0.002). The time constant, T, derived from the logarithmic fall of pressure during isovolumic relaxation, shortened from 20+/-2.8 to 14.9+/-1.8 ms (P < 0.003). @entity460 (11 studies) increased peak (+) dP/dt and (-) dP/dt(35) (both P < 0.0001); peak (-) dP/dt was unchanged. T shortened from 20.4+/-1.8 to 17.3+/-1.5 ms (P < 0.002). Volume (13 studies) did not affect either dP/dt or T. @entity2647 (13 studies) augmented peak (-) dP/dt, but reduced (-) dP/dt(35) (both P < 0.01); T lengthened from 22.1+/-1.5 to 32.5+/-1.5 ms (P < 0.01). In 15 studies, rapid atrial pacing increased peak (+) dP/dt and (-) dP/dt(35) (both P < 0.01). In the first post-pacing beat, peak (-) dP/dt and (-) dP/dt(35) decreased (both P < 0.01), although peak (+) dP/dt increased further. T paralleled values of (-) dP/dt(35). In five @entity235 , beta adrenergic blockade had no significant effect on any variable after @entity460 , volume, or @entity2647 infusion or during or after atrial pacing when the pre-and post-propranolol states were compared. We conclude that positive inotropic interventions augment both left ventricular contraction and relaxation. The changes in isovolumic relaxation are independent of alterations in sympathetic tone produced by beta-adrenergic blockade. Peak (-) dP/dt may not be a valid measure of left ventricular relaxation rate during acute alterations in inotropic state or afterload.

title: Pharmacologic and hemodynamic influences on the rate of isovolumic left ventricular relaxation in the normal conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Infections with cardiotrophic viruses and immune-mediated responses against the heart have been suggested to play a dominant role in the pathogenesis of @entity1000 ( @entity384 ). Furthermore, @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ) may result in @entity384 . It has not previously been assessed whether @entity384 @entity1 with and without an IMID have different prevalences and quantities of cardiotrophic viruses in the heart. Therefore, we compared the profiles of cardiotrophic viruses in heart tissue of @entity384 @entity1 with and without an IMID. Serum and myocardial tissue samples were obtained from 159 consecutive @entity1 with @entity384 and 20 controls. @entity1 were subdivided into three groups, the first two based on the presence (n = 34) or absence (n = 125) of an IMID and the third being a control group. The @entity8344 virus genome was detected in equal quantities in the non-IMID @entity384 @entity1 (100/125) and the control group (15/20) but in lower quantities in the IMID @entity1 (21/34, P = 0.02). Both the non-IMID and IMID @entity384 @entity1 demonstrated @entity296 compared to controls: 12.5    1.8 and 14.0    3.2 CD45-positive inflammatory cells, respectively, versus 5.1    0.7 for the controls (P < 0.05 for both). Importantly, significantly higher @entity8344 copy numbers could be amplified in non-IMID than in IMID @entity1 (561    97 versus 191    92 copies/ g DNA, P < 0.001) and control subjects (103    47 copies/ g DNA, P < 0.001). The present study shows decreased @entity8344 prevalence and copy numbers in hearts of @entity384 @entity1 with an IMID compared to those without an IMID. These findings may suggest that @entity384 @entity1 with an IMID have a different pathophysiologic mechanism from that which is present in the virus-induced form of @entity384 .

title: Differences in virus prevalence and load in the hearts of @entity1 with @entity1000 with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['increased myocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['IMIDs', 'immune-mediated inflammatory diseases']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['immune-mediated inflammatory diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Prevention and treatment of @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) after lung transplantation (LTX) remains disappointing. The high prevalence and the critical detection of early mild acute lung rejection aggravated optimum immunosuppressive therapy. In this study, two hypotheses were investigated: (i) @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) prevented the development of @entity4154 after @entity35 LTX. (ii) The effectiveness of @entity2098 depended on the degree of acute rejection ( @entity299 ) at the time of drug initiation. METHODS: A @entity35 model of left lung allo-transplantation (Fisher 344 to @entity35 Kyoto) was used to evaluate the basic effect of @entity2098 (30 mg/kg body weight per day) on the development @entity4154 . @entity2098 therapy began on Days 0, 7 and 14 after transplantation characterizing different degree of @entity299 of the allograft at the time of drug initiation and ended on Day 60 after transplantation. Non-treated animals were used as controls. Histopathological alterations were analysed according to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). RESULTS: @entity2098 treatment of allografts with high-grade @entity299 ( @entity299 ; from Day 14 to 60) failed. All animals developed vascular @entity82 and @entity4154 . Promising long-term outcome was shown after treatment of mild to moderate acute rejecting of allografts ( @entity2098 from Day 7 to 60). The proportion of animals with high grade acute airway @entity32 was significantly reduced (33%; P<0.05). All animals were free of @entity4154 and chronic vascular alterations (90%). @entity2098 (Day 0-60) significantly reduced the proportion of animals with severe acute vascular rejection and high grade airway @entity32 (17 and 0%, respectively; P<0.05, each). None of the animals treated with @entity2098 from Day 0 to 60 developed chronic rejection (CR). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 significantly reduced @entity299 and CR after @entity35 LTX. However, only allografts with no or mild @entity299 at the time of drug initiation benefited from @entity2098 treatment. In addition, the appearance of early signs of fibroproliferative alterations in the airway structures might prevent a successful long-term outcome.

title: Impact of the severity of acute rejection in the early phase after @entity35 lung transplantation on the effectiveness of XXXX to treat chronic allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans', 'BO']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: Adherence to anti- @entity3604 regimens gradually decreases over time. We hypothesized that the determinants of non-compliance or non-persistence at different times vary and identified these differences. We used an outpatient database to retrieve information on anti- @entity3604 medications prescribed by a medical centre in southern Taiwan during 2001-2007. Compliance was defined as a medication possession ratio (MPR) >= 80 %. Persistence was determined as continuous use, allowing for a refill gap of 30 days. A multivariate @entity797 regression model evaluated potential predictors of non-adherence. A total of 3589 @entity1 were included. In the multivariate analyses, non-compliance for both year 1 and year 2 was more likely in @entity1 with @entity173 , @entity1576 , prescription of the first anti- @entity3604 regimen by an orthopedist; and less likely in @entity1 with follow-up bone densitometry and switched regimens. Risks for non-persistence at year 1 and year 2 were generally similar to those for non-compliance; insurance coverage and @entity5 were associated with a lower risk of non-persistence at year 1 and year 2, respectively. In the subgroup with an MPR >= 80 % at year 1, an index prescription by an orthopedist was the only independent predictor of non-compliance and non-persistence at year 2. In conclusion, the positive or negative determinants of non-adherence were different at year 1 and year 2, which indicated that clinicians might deliver effective interventions to improve adherence via different precautions annually. This study also provided evidence that physician specialty had a significant effect on adherence to @entity170 care.

title: Non-adherence to anti- XXXX medications in Taiwan: physician specialty makes a difference.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['non-vertebral non-hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic']


abstract: In the present study, we studied the expression of @entity10071 , a key marker for type 1 immune responses, within the @entity5 microenvironment of @entity356 , and analyzed its association with clinicopathological parameters. One hundred and fifty-two archival paraffin-embedded @entity356 tissues were collected, and the expression of @entity10071 in these @entity5 tissue specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry. @entity10071 (+) @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in some @entity356 tissues were further characterized by flow cytometric analysis. The density of @entity10071 (+) TILs in @entity356 tissues in relation to @entity1 's clinicopathological parameters and postoperative prognosis has been analyzed. Herein, we have found significant increases in @entity10071 (+) lymphocytes in @entity5 tissues as compared with normal stomach tissues, @entity3621 tissues or gastric polyp specimens. @entity10071 (+) cells mainly consisted of @entity404 (+), @entity405 (+) and CD56(+) TILs. In addition, lower numbers of @entity10071 (+) TILs were associated with poor clinicopathological parameters such as invasion to muscular layer, larger @entity5 size and advanced @entity5 stages. Moreover, @entity1 with higher numbers of @entity10071 (+) TILs have longer disease-free survival and overall survival. Thus, our study supports the idea that @entity5 growth elicits spontaneous type 1 cellular immune responses and @entity5 progression is associated with suppression of antitumor immunity. @entity10071 expression within @entity5 can serve as a prognostic indicator for @entity356 and a potential biomarker for immunotherapy.

title: Higher numbers of @entity10071 (+) intratumoral lymphoid cells correlate with better survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Maternal overweight and @entity28 constitute the most important factors causing perinatal complications. The purpose of the study was to analyze obstetrical results in overweight/ @entity28 pregnant @entity1 with @entity6677 in relation to Institute of Health recommendations concerning gestational @entity1017 and assessment of the role of prepregnancy BMI in prediction of @entity8455 , pregnancy induced @entity101 and cesarean deliveries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 209 overweight and @entity28 pregnant @entity1 with @entity6677 divided into 4 subgroups according to The National Institute of Health (USA) recommendations. The following data were included in the analysis: gestational week in which GDM was diagnosed; HbA1c level in the first and third trimester just before delivery; incidence of pregnancy induced @entity101 ; incidence of cesarean deliveries; incidence of @entity8455 . The following data of II, III, IV subgroups were compared to these found in I subgroup which was classified as the control group. Selected obstetric parameters were also compared between subgroups II, III, IV RESULTS: The selected parameters of subgroups II, III, IV were not significantly different from these of subgroup I. Pregnancy induced @entity101 was diagnosed more frequently among subgroup II in comparison to subgroup III. Using ROC curves analysis, the role of pre-pregnancy BMI was found in the prognosis of: birth weight greater than 4300 g, pregnancy induced @entity101 , cesarean delivery CONCLUSIONS: 1. The application of the National Institute of Health recommendations on gestational @entity1017 is limited in case of overweight or @entity28 pregnant @entity1 with @entity6 . 2. Excessive @entity1017 during pregnancy according to National Health Institute recommendations may increase the risk of developing pregnancy induced @entity101 in comparison to a pregnant @entity1 with @entity1017 less than recommended, but greater than zero. 3. Increased prepregnancy BMI has a role in prediction of birth weight greater than 4300 g, pregnancy induced @entity101 , cesarean delivery

title: [Maternal body mass index and gestational @entity1017 and their association with perinatal outcome in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']


abstract: Between June 1993 and December 1994, we performed total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on 27 knees in 24 @entity1 with spontaneous @entity3947 in severe flexion. The mean age at operation was 43.5 years (30 to 60). No @entity1 had @entity158 . Three were unable to walk and 21 could manage less than five blocks. The mean duration of the @entity3947 was 18.7 years (13 to 25) and its mean position was 105 degree flexion (75 to 135). The preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score of 60 points was improved to 87 at the final follow-up three to five years later. All knees were free from @entity158 . The mean range of active flexion in 24 knees was 97 degrees (78 to 115) and the mean arc of movement 91 degrees (78 to 98). The mean fixed @entity85 was 6 degrees (0 to 25) and the extension lag 8 degrees (0 to 25). @entity85 was corrected to between 0 degrees and 10 degrees of valgus. Four @entity1 were able to walk one block and 20 five to seven blocks. Thirteen knees (48%) showed some @entity39 at the skin edge; one knee required arthrodesis and another resection arthroplasty. One had a recurrence of @entity281 requiring arthrodesis. One @entity1 had a @entity397 . To date no prosthesis has required revision for loosening. Radiolucency of 1 mm or less about the tibial prosthesis was observed at follow-up in four of the 24 knees. Our results have shown that one-stage TKA and skeletal traction after operation can achieve correction of severe @entity85 with marked improvement in the function and quality of life.

title: Total knee arthroplasty in XXXX in gross flexion.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['bony ankylosis', 'ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the quadriceps tendon']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'preoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Angular deformity', 'flexion deformity', 'flexion deformity of the knee']

answer: @entity3947 :: (MESH:D000844,Disease) :: ['bony ankylosis']


abstract: @entity4375 ) is one of the major causes of @entity291 @entity1576 worldwide. In order to study the molecular epidemiology of the virus, samples from 30 @entity4375 outbreaks in @entity291 herds located in different parts of Sweden were collected from 2007 to 2011. The samples were analyzed by PCR, and the glycoprotein (G) gene was sequenced. @entity4375 was detected in outbreaks of @entity1576 in both dairy and feedlot herds most often during the winter period but also during the summer months (May to August). This indicates that circulation of the virus between herds occurs throughout the year. Comparative sequence analysis revealed a high degree (more than 94.5%) of sequence identity among the collected strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 29 out of the 30 strains formed a unique clade. Identical sequences found in herds sampled within a few months' time suggested that these herds were part of a common transmission chain. One strain from a single outbreak in a herd in southern Sweden clustered with Danish strains and showed a distant relationship to the rest of the Swedish strains. Further studies are highly warranted to clarify the inter-herd transmission routes of @entity4375 . Such knowledge is essential for the control of the spread of this virus between herds, regions and even countries.

title: Phylogenetic analysis of @entity291 respiratory syncytial viruses from recent outbreaks in feedlot and dairy XXXX herds.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity4375 :: ('11246', 'Species') :: ['BRSV', 'Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Dietary conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) has been investigated for its beneficial effects on disease prevention and treatment, and now @entity28 is one of the most perspective researching highlights. In a variety of experimental models, the results of studies on the effects of @entity13357 on food intakes are somewhat inconsistent. Our experiment was conducted to extend these observations to @entity2339 and other regions within the central nervous system so that the mechanism of the actions of CLA might be more easily elucidated. In the experiment, a permanent cannula was inserted into the lateral ventricle of each @entity35 . For the experiment, animals received intracerebroventricular injections of either 150nmol (n=16) CLA, or LA as non-conjugated control, or normal saline as vehicle. @entity2339 and blood samples were collected at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 14th day. The results show that CLA in cerebral ventricle can inhibit food intake of experimented @entity35 and this inhibition is related with the decreased expression of neuropeptides Y ( @entity10969 ) and agouti-related protein ( @entity26473 ). The circulating leptin level was also increased by this tentative treatment (2.94+/-0.71 versus 1.18+/-0.18ng/ml). However, the @entity413 metabolism was not affected by ICV CLA. It is concluded that CLA in brain can inhibit the appetite of @entity35 through the mechanism of decreasing the expression of @entity10969 and @entity26473 .

title: Intracerebroventricular administration of conjugated XXXX (CLA) inhibits food intake by decreasing gene expression of @entity10969 and @entity26473 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus', 'Hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']