abstract: Porins are trimeric proteins that constitute water-filled pores that allow transmembrane diffusion of small solutes through the outer membrane layer of gram-negative bacteria. The porins are capable of inserting into the membranes of eucaryotic cells, and in the present study we have examined the in vitro effects on neutrophil functions of the following purified porins: meningococcal outer membrane protein classes 1 and 3 and gonococcal outer membrane protein 1B ( @entity3561 ). The neisserial porins inhibited @entity1 neutrophil chemoattractant-induced actin polymerization and degranulation of both primary and secondary granules. The neutrophil expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptors II (Fc gamma RII; @entity233 ) and III ( @entity4071 ; @entity4071 ), as well as the activation-dependent downregulation of @entity4071 , were reduced by the meningococcal and gonococcal porins. The neisserial porins impaired the upregulation of complement receptors 1 ( @entity3432 ) and 3 ( @entity9536 ) and inhibited the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils, as evaluated by the uptake of meningococci (strain 44/76) in the presence of patient serum containing known amounts of IgG against meningococcal porins. The porins also primed neutrophils to increase their intracellular @entity273 production in response to @entity5038 , whereas no such priming was observed if the neutrophil protein kinase C was stimulated directly with @entity4514 . The neisserial porins influenced neutrophil functions in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The meningococcal class 1 outer membrane protein and the gonococcal @entity3561 tended to alter neutrophil functions more than the meningococcal class 3 protein. Thus, the neisserial porins inhibited @entity1 neutrophil actin polymerization, degranulation, opsonin receptor expression, and phagocytosis but primed the neutrophils to increase their oxidative burst. It remains to be determined whether these in vitro observations reflect mechanisms that may be of importance for the interaction between neutrophils and Neisseria species in vivo.

title: Neisserial porins inhibit XXXX neutrophil actin polymerization, degranulation, opsonin receptor expression, and phagocytosis but prime the neutrophils to increase their oxidative burst.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2783 is a protein @entity74 in which amyloid fibrils accumulate in the extracellular space and induce @entity881 . Recently, two different amyloidogenic proteins, @entity20117 ( @entity20117 ) and @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ), were identified in @entity527 in @entity2720 in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). However, clinicopathological differences related to those two kinds of @entity527 in the knee joint remain to be clarified. Here, we investigated the clinicopathological features related to these knee @entity527 associated with knee @entity571 and the biochemical characteristics of the @entity527 . We found that all of our @entity1 with knee @entity571 had @entity527 in the @entity2720 , especially in the meniscus, and those deposits were primarily derived from @entity20117 and/or @entity1675 . Some @entity1 with knee @entity571 , however, had unclassified @entity527 . One of our interesting observations concerned the different effects of aging on each type of amyloid formed. The frequency of formation of @entity20117 deposits clearly increased with age, but that of AApo A-I deposits decreased. Furthermore, we found that    16% of @entity1 with knee @entity571 developed @entity20117 /AApo A-I double deposits in the meniscus. @entity527 may therefore be a common histopathological feature associated with knee @entity571 . Also, aging may induce @entity20117 formation in the knee joint in elderly @entity1 with knee @entity571 , whereas AApo A-I formation may be inversely correlated with age.

title: @entity626 associated with different kinds of XXXX and the impact of aging on type of amyloid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'Amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['Apo A-I', 'apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['conformational disorder']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['knee joints']

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['amyloid deposits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To predict the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and operant-behavioral therapy (OBT) in @entity239 ( @entity239 ). METHODS: A total of 125 @entity1 who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology @entity239 criteria were randomly assigned to CBT (n = 42), OBT (n = 43), or attention placebo (AP; n = 40). The pretreatment to 12-month followup reliability change index was used to determine clinically meaningful changes in @entity158 intensity and @entity73 . Multinominal logistic regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of improvement in @entity158 intensity and @entity73 for the entire sample. Analyses of variance were computed to compare the characteristics of responders and nonresponders in each of the 3 interventions. RESULTS: At the 12-month followup, 53.5%, 45.2%, and 5% of @entity1 in the OBT, CBT, and AP groups, respectively, reported clinically meaningful improvements in @entity158 intensity. Similarly, 58.1%, 38.1%, and 7.5% of @entity1 treated with OBT, CBT, and AP, respectively, reported clinically significant improvements in @entity73 . Prior to treatment, the OBT @entity73 responders displayed significantly more @entity158 , physical @entity73 , solicitous spouse behaviors, and level of catastrophizing compared with nonresponders. The CBT @entity73 responders, compared with nonresponders, reported higher levels of affective distress, lower coping, less solicitous spouse behavior, and lower @entity158 . CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that pretreatment @entity1 characteristics are important predictors of treatment response and may serve as a basis for matching treatments to @entity1 characteristics. Prospective outcome studies are needed to confirm whether the tailoring of treatment actually leads to better outcomes for @entity1 with @entity239 .

title: Responder criteria for operant and cognitive-behavioral treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['physical impairment', 'impairment, physician visits']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain behaviors', 'pain']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome']


abstract: In studies of @entity35 bone metabolism, trabecular bone density should be measured. Three established methods of measuring trabecular bone include trabecular bone volume by histomorphometry (BV/TV%), trabecular bone density by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT), and areal bone density of trabecular-rich regions by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We compared the ability of these three methods to discriminate between orchiectomized (orchidectomized) @entity35 and controls. Sixteen male @entity35 (400-425 g) were orchiectomized, and 16 others were controls. In vivo spine bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the beginning of the study and again after 11 weeks. @entity35 were sacrificed, and ex vivo BMDs of the right femur and @entity2091 were measured by DXA, followed by trabecular bone density of the right proximal @entity2091 by pQCT. BT/TV% of the left proximal @entity2091 was measured by histomorphometry. Differences between groups were detected by all three methods, but both the magnitude of the difference between groups and the variance of the measurements was much greater for histomorphometry and pQCT than for DXA. Consequently, the statistical significance for the difference between groups was comparable for all three methods. Of the sites measured with DXA, the proximal @entity2091 had the greatest statistical significance for the difference between groups. In summary, all three methods can demonstrate the effect of orchiectomy on trabecular bone. The large differences between groups seen by histomorphometry are also seen by pQCT but not by DXA. We conclude that trabecular bone density by pQCT may be a reasonable surrogate for measurements by histomorphometry.

title: Differentiating between orchiectomized XXXX and controls using measurements of trabecular bone density: a comparison among DXA, histomorphometry, and peripheral quantitative computerized tomography.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Our recent demonstration of receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH)/ @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) in @entity35 brain with the highest density within the hippocampus and dentate gyrus suggests novel functional roles for gonadotropic hormones within the brain. The present study investigated whether 125I- @entity1465 can cross the blood-brain barrier and reach hippocampus and the possible role of @entity1465 in the regulation of several behavioral activities associated with the hippocampal formation in the @entity35 . About 1/100th of peripherally injected 125I- @entity1465 crossed the blood-brain barrier in an intact form and was found in cerebrospinal fluid and in hippocampus. Intraperitoneal (IP) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of highly purified @entity1465 on the morning of proestrus of cycling female @entity35 resulted in changes in several hippocampus-associated behaviors. @entity1465 -treated animals were generally less active and showed less exploratory behavior as compared to saline-injected control animals. There was no difference, however, in latency to enter the open field between @entity1465 -treated and control animals. Taste neophobia was dramatically decreased following IP as well as ICV injection of @entity1465 . No differences were found in the memory component of T-maze performance; however, the @entity1465 -treated @entity35 exhibited decreased stereotypic behavior. In summary, @entity1465 can cross the blood-brain barrier, and peripheral or central administration of @entity1465 affects several hippocampus-associated behaviors suggesting that hippocampal LH/ @entity1465 receptors are most likely involved in mediating these effects. Some of the observed behavioral changes have parallels in pregnant @entity1 .

title: Peripheral and intracerebroventricular administration of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin alters several hippocampus-associated behaviors in cycling female XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: One hundred and nine @entity1 with @entity281 accompanying @entity1503 including @entity1778 and @entity706 were treated with @entity5646 ( @entity5647 ). Of the 90 @entity1 in whom the efficacy could be evaluated, 17 (18.9%) responded markedly and 29 (32.2%) moderately, the effective rate being 51.1%. The efficacy rate classified according to @entity281 was 25% in @entity295 , 46.3% in suspected @entity295 , 57.1% in @entity55 and 100% in @entity293 . The efficacy rate to the Gram-negative bacteria was 78.9% and to the Gram-positive bacteria was 20.0%. In 4 (66.7%) out of 6 @entity1 in whom @entity796 was the causative organism, @entity5647 was effective. The efficacy rate was 52.2% in the 23 @entity1 whose causative organisms were identified and 50.7% in 67 @entity1 whose causative organisms were not identified. There was no significant difference in the efficacy rate between the @entity1 who failed to respond to prior antibiotic therapy (53.6%) and those treated with @entity5647 from the beginning. The initial neutrophil count did not affect the efficacy rate. Side effects which might have been caused by @entity5647 were eruption and @entity221 in 4 @entity1 . @entity99 and @entity1712 were observed in 7 @entity1 . However, the relationship between @entity5647 and these abnormal findings was not established. These results indicate that @entity5647 is an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of @entity281 accompanying @entity1503 .

title: [Therapeutic effectiveness of @entity5646 on severe @entity281 associated with @entity1503 . XXXX Study Group].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Hanshin Infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To detect the expression of @entity18297 in lesions of chronic @entity1546 and determine the relationship between expression of @entity18297 and @entity32 degree. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with chronic @entity1546 and 5 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. According to the inflammatory cell infiltration, the specimens were divided into 2 groups: severe @entity32 group and mild @entity32 group. The expression of @entity18297 was measured by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis in the lesions of chronic @entity1546 . The amount of Wnt5 expression was assayed and compared in different @entity32 levels. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: @entity18297 was detected in both groups. Expression of @entity18297 mRNA in @entity1 were significantly higher than the controls (P<0.05). According to @entity32 level, the positive expression rate of @entity18297 in severe @entity32 group was significantly higher than the controls (P<0.01), and @entity18297 positive expression in mild @entity32 group was also significantly higher than the controls (P<0.05). The expression of @entity18297 was significantly different between severe @entity32 group and mild @entity32 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity18297 increases as the severity of tissue @entity32 increases, which indicates that @entity18297 plays an important role in the development of chronic @entity1546 .

title: [Expression of XXXX in chronic @entity1546 and its clinical significance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1546 :: ('MESH:D010485', 'Disease') :: ['apical periodontitis']

answer: @entity18297 :: (7474,Gene) :: ['Wnt5a']


abstract: Every time the @entity378 is present and it is to be included in the differentialdiagnosis if the occasion arrises. In the anamnesis it is necessary to pay attention to specific diseases and the risk groups like @entity1 with "21-day-cough", silicotics, "Contrast-articularis bronchitics", @entity6 , so-called " @entity1 with @entity75 " and @entity1 with frequent @entity281 . The symptoms unclear @entity356 , want of appetite, indifferent loss in weight, uneasiness, slight vertigo and fast tiredness already give further references. @entity158 , haemoptysis and subfebrile temperatures are already severe symptoms. A thorax X ray-photograph, tuberculin test, heamogram, sedimentation test and intensive search for mycobacteria, belong to the diagnosis. In extrapulmonary foci the search for mycobacteria is to try by swab, puncture, control of urine and menstrual blood. It is possible, that a histologic corroboration will be necessary. Unclear fever, @entity10 and @entity391 with or without dyspnoea, @entity848 and diaphragmatic lowness indicate a ocular reflection, liver biopsy and, in special case, a lumbar puncture without delay. Sooner or later the course of an unrecognized phthisis can result in @entity204 . It is necessary to fill up the gap between welltime diagnosis and @entity204 by unknown @entity378 . That means: Thorough knowledge of matter, insight into the disease-course and inducement of all necessary diagnostic possibilities.

title: [Diagnosis and course of XXXX especially from the viewpoint of clinically unknown deaths].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenzal infections']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Breath-pain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric distress']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical significance of screen-detected @entity5 compared with symptomatic @entity5 during the introduction of organized screening. STUDY DESIGN: Screen-detected and symptomatic @entity5 were analysed according to International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology stage and histological type of @entity5 and age of @entity1 during four 3-year periods. SETTING: Southampton and South West Hampshire (SSWH). POPULATION: @entity1 resident in SSWH registered with invasive @entity2622 between 1985 and 1996. METHODS: Screen-detected and symptomatic @entity5 were defined on the basis of clinical information obtained at the time of diagnosis and recorded together with date of diagnosis, age group, histology and cytology results. Data were held for analysis on an anonymous spreadsheet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of screen-detected and symptomatic @entity5 per 100 000 @entity1 ; association between route to diagnosis, age group, stage of @entity5 and screening history during four 3-year periods. RESULTS: Of 382 @entity5 , 256 were symptomatic, 78 screen-detected fully invasive and 48 screen-detected microinvasive. Incidence of symptomatic @entity5 fell from 13.0 to 6.4 per 100 000 total female population (P = 0.0005), and there was a trend towards screen-detected @entity5 as a proportion of all @entity5 (P = 0.002). By the latest period of the study (1994-96), the likelihood of @entity5 being screen-detected was strongly associated with younger age groups (P = 0.001). Screen-detected fully invasive @entity5 were significantly less likely (P = 0.001) to be diagnosed at stage II or above (16.6%) compared with symptomatic @entity5 (63.3%). @entity1 with screen-detected @entity5 were significantly more likely (P < 0.001) to have been screened within 5 years (83.3%) than screen-detected fully invasive @entity5 (60.2%) or symptomatic @entity5 (33.6%). CONCLUSION: Screen-detected @entity5 were more likely to be diagnosed at an earlier stage, in younger @entity1 and in @entity1 who had previously been screened and became relatively more frequent as symptomatic @entity5 declined.

title: Screen-detected invasive XXXX and its clinical significance during the introduction of organized screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['microinvasive cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: Preliminary reports have suggested that chronic, intermittent stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) is an alternative treatment for @entity1 with medically refractory @entity410 . We performed a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive VNS in @entity1 with poorly controlled partial @entity410 . An implanted, programmable pacemaker-like device was connected to two stimulating electrodes wrapped around the left vagus nerve. One hundred fourteen @entity1 were randomized to receive 14 weeks of high-level stimulation (presumed therapeutic dose) or low-level stimulation (presumed subtherapeutic dose) using a blinded, parallel study design. @entity410 frequency was compared with a 12-week baseline. Mean reduction in @entity410 frequency was 24.5% for the "high" stimulation group versus 6.1% for the "low" stimulation group (p = 0.01). Thirty-one percent of @entity1 receiving high stimulation had a @entity410 frequency reduction of > or = 50%, versus 13% of @entity1 in the low group (p = 0.02). Treatment emergent side effects were largely limited to a transient hoarseness occurring during the stimulation train. One @entity1 with no previous history of @entity299 experienced a @entity583 during the third month of vagal stimulation. VNS may be an effective alternative treatment for @entity1 who have failed antiepileptic drug therapy and are not optimal candidates for @entity302 surgery.

title: A randomized controlled trial of chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of medically intractable XXXX . The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the clinical and hemodynamic aspects of a group of @entity1 presenting @entity301 . METHODS: We reviewed 963 coronary angiographies performed at a same institution. The 52 @entity1 presenting only stenosis < or = 50% after semi-quantitative measurement composed group I, which was compared with two other groups consisted of 52 @entity1 each: one, with @entity1 presenting univascular lesion > 50% (group II) and the other with normal coronary arteriographies (group III). RESULTS: Mean age was similar in groups I and II (49.4 +/- 6.89 and 51.3 +/- 7.86, p > 0.05) and significantly higher than that of group III (44.8 +/- 6.81, p < 0.05). Risk factors did not discriminate group I (GI) from groups II (GII) and III (GIII). During a follow-up period of 63 months, the number of hospital admissions due to @entity299 and repetitions of coronary arteriography were similar in GI and GII, being significantly less frequent in GIII (p < 0.00001 and 0.001; p < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). By the end of the follow-up period, though angina and @entity712 functional classes had been similar in the three groups, @entity1 in groups I and II were using more medications than those in group III (p < 0.0001 and 0.00001). Mean ejection fractions (%) were lower in GI and GII (67.04 +/- 10.13 and 68.90 +/- 11.32) than in GIII (74.69 +/- 6.40, p < 0.01). Lesions were predominantly proximal in GI when compared with GII (p < 0.05). Length, simmetry, ulceration, @entity715 and proximal shoulder showed no difference between GI and GII. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity301 were similar to those with univascular lesion > 50% regarding several aspects and were considerably different from those with normal coronary arteries.

title: [Clinical and hemodynamic aspects of XXXX . A comparative retrospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructive coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['non-obstructive coronary lesions']


abstract: A study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic lung biopsy for @entity401 . The relation between operative findings, pathologic findings, and preoperative computed tomographic scan findings was examined. Twenty-six @entity1 , 10 male and 16 female, underwent thoracoscopic lung resection to diagnose @entity401 . Sixteen @entity1 were outpatients for an elective procedure; 10 were inpatients including 2 who were ventilator dependent. The mean length of operation was 54 minutes and the mean length of chest tube duration, 1.3 days. There were no deaths. @entity3615 developed in 1 @entity1 postoperatively. One @entity1 with @entity120 was ventilator dependent for 48 hours. A double-lumen endotracheal tube was used in all but 2 @entity1 . Twelve-millimeter trocar ports were used to allow easy interchange of staplers and endoscopic instruments. Biopsy of at least two lobes was performed in each @entity1 with resection of a piece of grossly abnormal lung. A single chest tube was left routinely. The pathologic diagnosis was @entity2416 in 7 @entity1 . Four @entity1 had interstitial @entity82 and 4, @entity738 . Three @entity1 had @entity16 and 3, @entity2883 . Two @entity1 had @entity3616 . One @entity1 each had @entity3008 , @entity1712 , and @entity2803 . Sixteen @entity1 underwent preoperative computed tomographic scanning. The scans were assessed by 2 radiologists who were blinded to the surgical results. Computed tomography accurately predicted the site of disease in most instances. Four @entity1 had at least one lobe with no evidence of disease on computed tomography but with @entity401 found thoracoscopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3615 :: ('MESH:D011023', 'Disease') :: ['Staphylococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['systemic pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['usual interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have shown a clinical benefit of thrombectomy in acute @entity64 , but most of them excluded octogenarians. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes between octogenarians and younger @entity1 after thrombectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six @entity1 with large @entity432 and consecutive thrombectomy were evaluated and divided into two @entity1 age groups: younger than 80  years and older than 80  years. We compared recanalization rates, complications experienced, disability, @entity204 after discharge and at a 90-day follow-up between these age groups. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of octogenarians and 72  % of younger @entity1 were registered with successful recanalization (p   =   1.0). There was no significant difference in symptomatic @entity1779 between the groups (p   =   0.32). However, octogenarians had a significantly lower rate of good clinical outcome (24  % vs. 48  %; p   =   0.008) and a higher mortality rate (36  % vs. 12  %; p   =   0.0013). CONCLUSION: Octogenarians have a lower chance of good clinical outcome and a higher mortality rate despite successful recanalization. Nevertheless, 24  % of octogenarians were documented with @entity5329 . As this age group of octogenarians will grow prospectively, careful @entity1 selection should be mandatory when considering octogenarians for thrombectomy. KEY POINTS:     Careful @entity1 selection for thrombectomy should be mandatory in octogenarians.     Octogenarians have a higher mortality rate despite successful recanalization.     Nearly one-third of octogenarians were documented with a good clinical outcome.

title: Endovascular mechanical recanalization of acute XXXX in octogenarians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: A recent study (Lake et al., 2009); reported the properties of @entity1 supraspinatus tendon (SST) tested along the predominant fiber direction. The SST was found to have a relatively disperse distribution of collagen fibers, which may represent an adaptation to multiaxial loads imposed by the complex loading environment of the rotator cuff. However, the multiaxial mechanical properties of @entity1 SST remain unknown. The objective of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the mechanical properties, fiber alignment, change in alignment with applied load, and structure-function relationships of SST in transverse testing. Samples from six SST locations were tested in uniaxial tension with samples oriented transverse to the @entity924 . Polarized light imaging was used to quantify collagen fiber alignment and change in alignment under applied load. The mechanical properties of samples taken near the tendon-bone insertion were much greater on the bursal surface compared to the joint surface (e.g., bursal moduli 15-30 times greater than joint; p<0.001). In fact, the transverse moduli values of the bursal samples were very similar to values obtained from samples tested along the @entity924 (Lake et al., 2009). This key and unexpected finding suggests planar mechanical isotropy for bursal surface samples near the insertion, which may be due to complex in vivo loading. Organizationally, fiber distributions became less aligned along the @entity924 in the toe-region of the stress-strain response. Alignment changes occurred to a slightly lesser degree in the linear-region, suggesting that movement of collagen fibers may play a role in mechanical nonlinearity. Transverse mechanical properties were significantly correlated with fiber alignment (e.g., for linear-region modulus rs=0.74, p<0.0001), demonstrating strong structure-function relationships. These results greatly enhance current understanding of the properties of @entity1 SST and provide clinicians and scientists with vital information in attempting to treat or replace this complex tissue.

title: Tensile properties and fiber alignment of XXXX supraspinatus tendon in the transverse direction demonstrate inhomogeneity, nonlinearity, and regional isotropy.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon long-axis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: During the process by which newly synthesized subunits of the nicotinic @entity934 receptor (stoichiometry = alpha 2 beta gamma delta) mature and acquire the properties of the fully functional cell surface receptor, they undergo numerous covalent and noncovalent modifications. Using ligand-mediated and subunit-specific immunoprecipitation, four forms in the maturation of the alpha subunit can be detected: the primary translation product; alpha subunit that can bind alpha-bungarotoxin; alpha subunit assembled with the other subunits; and surface receptor. The alpha subunit acquires the ability to bind alpha-bungarotoxin with a t1/2 of approximately 40 min after translation and becomes assembled with a t1/2 of 80 min after translation. Using metabolic labeling and @entity969 gradient fractionation, we have determined the subcellular location of alpha subunit when it acquires the ability to bind alpha-bungarotoxin and when it is assembled. Golgi membranes were identified across the gradient by the enzymatic activities @entity858 - @entity3649 : @entity3954 galactosyltransferase and alpha-mannosidase. Endoplasmic reticulum membranes were identified by the enzymatic activity @entity413 -6-phosphatase and by the presence of newly synthesized alpha and beta subunits. Pulse-labeled alpha subunit that bound alpha-bungarotoxin was first detected co-migrating in the gradient with the @entity413 -6-phosphatase activity. Therefore, the capacity to bind alpha-bungarotoxin was acquired while the alpha subunit was in the endoplasmic reticulum. Assembled alpha subunit was detected by immunoprecipitating with an anti-beta subunit-specific monoclonal antibody. By this method, assembled receptor was first detected 15 min after translation in both the endoplasmic and Golgi portions of the gradient. To validate this method of detecting assembled receptor, we determined the sedimentation coefficient of the receptor subunits in the endoplasmic reticulum. Both unassembled subunits with sedimentation coefficients of 5 S and assembled receptor with a sedimentation coefficient of 9 S were recovered from the endoplasmic reticulum portion of the gradient. Thus, our data concerning the subcellular site of assembly are consistent with assembly occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum followed by rapid transport to the Golgi.

title: Formation of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site and assembly of the nicotinic XXXX receptor subunits occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Due to @entity170 and @entity2055 , elderly @entity1 are prone to @entity173 . Hip endoprosthesis is the most rational treatment of such injuries at @entity1 older that 65 years of age. Aim of our work was to analyze long term clinical result at the elderly @entity1 with implanted unipolar partial hip endoprothesis after @entity2249 . Inclusion criteria were implantation of unipolar partial hip endoprothesis as the first operative procedure and absence of changes visible an X-ray. Our follow up was at least 18 months and all @entity1 were treated between January 1996 and June 2001 at the Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology in Sarajevo according to department protocol. We used @entity572 ( @entity572 ) for clinical evaluation. From basic group of 131 @entity1 , in retroprospective prospective research with average follow up period of 40 months, 32 @entity1 were clinically examined, others passed away or were not reachable. Life expectancy in basic group was 3.5 years and average @entity572 in examined group was 72,06 points. Our study showed that unipolar partial hip endoprothesis implanted after @entity2249 achieves long term fair clinical result. Main factor on a @entity1 's recovery is not type of implanted hip endoprothesis, but general health condition before injury, motivation and early postoperative mobilization.

title: [Possibilities of unipolar hip hemiarthroplasty after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['HHS', 'Harris hip score']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['incoordination']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fracture']


abstract: Oxidative theory of @entity731 implies that plasma levels of lipophilic antioxidants might serve as indicators of lipoprotein oxidation in the arterial wall and as markers of the development of @entity731 . However, it is unknown whether the measurement of plasma antioxidants is able to reflect atherogenesis or its risk. In order to assess whether the levels of lipophilic antioxidants in @entity1 plasma can discriminate between subjects with and without @entity731 , we measured the lipophilic antioxidants @entity1881 , @entity2076 , @entity2077 , @entity2066 and @entity2078 in plasma of 34 @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and in 40 control subjects. We found that @entity2077 and @entity2076 were significantly lower in plasma of @entity301 @entity1 compared to controls. This decrease was significantly independent of whether the antioxidants were expressed as its absolute amounts in plasma (P < 0.001 for @entity2077 , and P = 0.001 for @entity2076 ) or normalized to plasma lipids (P < 0.001 for both). In contrast, @entity2066 was only lower in plasma of @entity301 @entity1 in comparison to controls, when normalized to the lipids (P = 0.02). Independent contributions of different parameters to the variation in these plasma antioxidants were estimated using multiple regression approach. The analysis showed that both the decrease in @entity2077 and the decrease in @entity2076 were significantly associated only with the presence of @entity301 (P < 0.001 for each regression), while the decrease in @entity2066 was significantly related to the presence of hyperlipidaemia (P < 0.001). In striking contrast, no decrease in plasma @entity1881 and @entity2078 was detected in the @entity1 group independently of how these antioxidants were expressed. These data suggest that plasma levels of @entity2077 and @entity2076 may represent markers of @entity731 in @entity1 . Measuring these antioxidants may be of clinical importance as a practical approach to assess atherogenesis and/or its risk.

title: Lipophilic antioxidants in blood plasma as markers of @entity731 : the role of XXXX and @entity2076 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2077 :: ('MESH:C041635', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-carotene']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity2076 :: ('MESH:D024504', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity2077 :: (MESH:C041635,Chemical) :: ['alpha-carotene']


abstract: To determine the incidence of @entity4002 in @entity1687 , a randomly selected sample of 492 volunteers aged 18-70 years was recruited by mail from all 18 urban and rural counties in this province. Volunteers were followed from 1988 to 1991 for antibody titres to Coxiella burnetii antigens. Analysis of seroprevalence by age revealed two statistically different cohorts. Those younger than 35 years had a low, stable seroprevalence while those 35 years and older had a seroprevalence statistically correlated with increasing age. The finding of age related cohorts suggests a sporadic or cyclical @entity281 rate. An age-independent geographical clustering was also noted, with higher seroprevalence in a major agricultural area of the province. No seroconversions were observed, but four subjects had seroreversions. At baseline, 72 (14.6%) of the 492 subjects were considered seropositive (> or = 1:8 C. burnetti phase II antibody titre by microimmunofluorescence). Of 47 seropositive subjects who provided yearly serum samples, two (4.3%) showed > or = 4-fold increase in antibody titre and did not react to antigens of the 11 other respiratory pathogens tested, suggesting a reactivation of @entity4002 . All 22 subjects positive to phase I antigen were positive to phase II antigen. This study suggests that the rate of @entity281 in @entity1687 has been low since the 1960's and that risk of @entity281 is associated more with a geographically clustered reservoir of @entity281 than with occupation or gender.

title: Seroepidemiology of @entity4002 in XXXX : evidence for age dependent cohorts and geographical distribution.

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['Nova Scotia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1687 :: (MESH:D052556,Disease) :: ['Nova Scotia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity167 -induced bronchoconstriction is due to high blood concentrations of @entity3094 , a metabolic product of @entity1068 , which lead to the release of @entity112 from basophils and mast cells. OBJECTIVE: We examined the inhibitory effects of @entity24174 , which inhibits @entity112 release and blocks H1 receptors, in @entity167 -induced @entity565 . METHODS: Subjects were 13 Japanese @entity748 @entity1 . We measured the change in FEV1 after ingestion of 30 g of pure @entity1068 . Blood @entity1068 , @entity3094 , @entity112 , @entity4352 C4 (LTC4), and @entity7489 (TXB2) concentrations were also measured. @entity167 challenge test was repeated in responders after administration of @entity24174 for 1 week at 4 mg/day. RESULTS: Of 13 @entity748 @entity1 , five (38.5%) tested positive during an @entity1068 challenge test, represented by a fall more than 20% in FEV1. The responders had a high blood @entity1068 , and showed a rise in blood @entity3094 and @entity112 concentrations, but not in LTC4 or TXB2. After @entity24174 treatment, there was no significant fall in FEV1 among responders. Neither the rise in blood @entity1068 nor blood @entity3094 levels were blunted by treatment with @entity24174 , but the rise in blood @entity112 was blunted by this treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that antihistamine agents may be effective against @entity167 -induced @entity565 by both blocking H1 receptors and inhibiting @entity112 release.

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity24174 in @entity167 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity24174 :: ('MESH:C020976', 'Chemical') :: ['azelastine hydrochloride', 'azelastine']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIM: To characterize the histopathologic specifications of @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) according to age and gender. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two private gastroenterology clinics on biopsy proven @entity1 suffering from @entity7936 . Biopsy histopathologic findings as well as demographic and laboratory data of the @entity1 at the time of biopsy were gathered retrospectively from clinical records. The grading and staging of histopathologic findings were performed according to the Brunt method after reevaluation of the slides by a pathologist. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to age (below and above 55 years). Mean quantitative grade of all pathologic findings were also calculated according to Brunt scoring values. RESULTS: A total number of 77 @entity7936 @entity1 , consisting of 58 males (75.3%) and 19 (24.7%) females with a mean age of 41.99 +/- 11.80 years (range, 18-70 years), were enrolled. The mean age (48.72 +/- 13.99 years vs 39.74 +/- 10.16 years, P = 0.004) and @entity5906 aminotransferase level (75.11 +/- 29.68 U/L vs 52.78 +/- 25.00 U/L, P = 0.002) was significantly higher in female @entity1 . Mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher in females (2.00 +/- 0.82 vs 1.59 +/- 0.68, P = 0.031) compared to males. Fifty four percent (34/65) of young @entity1 had mild hepatosteatosis ( @entity816 ) while only one @entity1 (11.2%) in the older group had grade I hepatosteatosis. @entity1 aged > or = 55 had significantly more severe hepatosteatosis ( @entity816 ) (44.4% vs 9.5%, P = 0.007) and the mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher among them (2.33 +/- 0.71 vs 1.56 +/- 0.67, P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis after omitting the confounding role of age revealed a higher grade of hepatosteatosis in female @entity1 (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION: These findings point toward the possible influence of age in the severity of @entity1560 , @entity32 in @entity1 suffering from @entity7936 while gender independently might contribute to the level of @entity1560 .

title: XXXX and influence of age and gender on histopathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['portal and lobar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['Grade I', 'Grade III']

answer: @entity7936 :: (MESH:D005235,Disease) :: ['Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']


abstract: Most healthy subjects challenged with @entity2708 bract extract demonstrate some degree of @entity5143 . This response has been associated with the endogenous production of @entity112 by the inhalation of @entity2708 bract extract. We examined whether this responsiveness reflects increased sensitivity to @entity112 . Thirty-one healthy subjects were screened for sensitivity to @entity2708 bract extract administered by nebulization. Pulmonary function was measured using partial expiratory flow-volume curves on which flows at 60% of the control vital capacity below total lung capacity were measured (MEF40%(P)). Responders were defined as subjects who exhibited a 20% or greater decrease in MEF40%(P) after 10 min inhaling @entity2708 bract extract. Of those screened, 10 subjects were responders. From the remaining nonresponders, 11 consecutive subjects were selected. The maximal decrease in MEF40%(P) in responders was 40.5 +/- 5.1%, compared to 10.9 +/- 2.2% in nonresponders. The dose-response relationship for @entity112 was measured in all subjects, using inhalations of progressively more concentrated @entity112 solutions. The mean +/- SEM threshold for the responders was 38.4 +/- 7.4 mg of @entity112 per ml, compared to 42.2 +/- 6.8 mg of @entity112 per ml for responders (difference not significant). The percentage decrease in MEF40%(P) at the threshold dose was 27.6 +/- 3.7% for responders and 32.4 +/- 5.2% for nonresponders (difference not significant). We conclude that healthy subjects sensitive to @entity2708 bract extract do not exhibit increased reactivity to @entity112 . This suggests that responders are not, in general, subclinical asthmatics, and that the difference between responders and nonresponders to CBE is not due to increased @entity112 sensitivity among responders.

title: Airway reactivity in @entity2708 bract-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

answer: @entity5143 :: (MESH:D001986,Disease) :: ['bronchospasm']


abstract: We have previously shown that the proliferation of freshly isolated @entity291 @entity9777 +gammadelta T cells to superantigens (SAgs) including staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), and @entity9778 (SEB) or @entity137 ( @entity137 ) required the presence of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and the addition of exogenous @entity8621 . The costimulatory activity provided by molecules expressed on professional @entity1358 for the proliferation of gammadelta T cells has not been addressed hitherto. In the present study, we investigated the ability of two selected @entity1358 populations, the dendritic cells (DCs) highly expressing @entity9779 and @entity9780 molecules (CD80highCD86high) and the monocytes expressing the same molecules at a rather low level (CD80lowCD86low), to stimulate the proliferation of purified @entity291 @entity9777 +gammadelta T cells to SAgs. DCs were more efficient than monocytes in inducing gammadelta T-cell proliferation, and this response was dependent on exogenous @entity8621 in both presentation modes. Stimulating gammadelta T cells with gradual doses of SAgs or concanavalin A (ConA) resulted in similar dose-dependent reaction profiles suggesting a minimal role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). However, significant proliferation was already obtained with the starting doses in the presence of DC compared with monocytes, and higher proliferation was reached with DC at optimal doses. Finally, the addition of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) anti- @entity9780 markedly inhibited SAgs- and ConA-mediated proliferation, whereas MoAb anti- @entity9779 had no effect. The combination of both anti- @entity9779 and anti- @entity9780 , however, suppressed this response. These results suggest that @entity291 gammadelta T-cell proliferation response requires indubitably @entity9780 costimulation. The role of @entity9779 molecule seems less clear.

title: Costimulatory molecule requirement for XXXX @entity9777 +gammadelta T cells' proliferative response to bacterial superantigens.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TSST-1', 'toxic shock syndrome type-1']

entities_list: @entity9778 :: ('MESH:C031818', 'Chemical') :: ['staphylococcal enterotoxin B']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen-presenting cells']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical ablation for the treatment of @entity955 is now being performed routinely in centers throughout the world. After the hospital stay, @entity1 ' care is usually delivered by cardiologists who are often unfamiliar with the nuances of the procedure, as well as the management of @entity1 ' medical regimens and @entity943 recurrence. We sought to determine the effectiveness of a postdischarge protocol designed not only to capture @entity1 ' rhythm status but also to coordinate their clinical management when required for all @entity1 undergoing surgical ablation in our institution. METHODS: A unique, computer-based @entity955 registry was developed to comply with the Heart Rhythm Society guidelines. An extensive follow-up program to track @entity1 ' preoperative characteristics and operative and postoperative courses was established. The required long-term clinical follow-up and interventions were based on a simple clinical algorithm-driven protocol that was developed and recommended by us to be used. All available @entity1 were followed at each respective time point and were evaluated for protocol implementation as determined by the algorithm. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine whether being on the protocol was a significant predictor for being in sinus rhythm at 18 and 24 months. RESULTS: At the time of the study, we had 391 @entity1 (multiple surgeons) in our registry with more than 2000 clinical records and follow-up rhythm status information. Overall, the return to sinus rhythm was 88%, 87%, and 84% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Significantly higher rates of sinus rhythm were documented for @entity1 whose care was managed according to the algorithm, with a return to sinus rhythm rate of 92% versus 72%, 91% versus 62%, and 89% versus 40% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Fifty-one percent of the @entity1 in @entity955 at 12 months did not receive treatment as indicated by the algorithm, with the most common deviations being a change in antiarrhythmic drug treatment, any attempt of cardioversion, and premature placement of @entity1 on a rate-control regimen. The odds of being in sinus rhythm at 24 months was significantly increased when a @entity1 's care was managed according to the protocol (on protocol: odds ratio, 8.066; 95% confidence interval, 1.085-59.940; P = .041). CONCLUSION: This study describes a new concept in which a clinical algorithm is being used to manage @entity1 after surgical ablation. Our findings suggest that the success rate of the surgical ablation procedure was significantly better in @entity1 who were followed and treated according to the clinical algorithm. These findings suggest that coordination of @entity1 ' treatment with cardiologists is challenging but essential to enhance the long-term success rate of the surgical ablation procedure.

title: The implementation of a comprehensive clinical protocol improves long-term success after surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of cough in @entity1 with a history of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor-related cough who received @entity9886 [a @entity7743 antagonist], @entity3593 (an @entity1289 inhibitor) or @entity918 (a diuretic). DESIGN: An international, multicentre, randomized double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinics at 20 tertiary care medical centres in 11 countries. @entity1 : One hundred and thirty-five @entity1 with uncomplicated primary @entity101 with a history of @entity1289 inhibitor-related cough were randomly assigned to the double-blind treatment phase and completed the study. INTERVENTION: After confirming that the cough was @entity1289 inhibitor-related by a single-blind rechallenge, followed by a placebo washout period, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive 50mg @entity9886 , 20mg @entity3593 or 25mg @entity918 once a day for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cough incidence, severity and frequency were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire and a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 who complained of cough was significantly higher with @entity3593 than with @entity9886 or @entity918 . The mean visual analogue scale scores for @entity1 treated with @entity3593 demonstrated that these @entity1 coughed more frequently than those who received @entity9886 or @entity918 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of cough related to the type 1 Ang II receptor antagonist @entity9886 is significantly lower than that observed with @entity3593 , and similar to that observed with @entity918 in @entity1 with a rechallenged @entity1289 inhibitor cough. Type 1 Ang II receptor antagonists represent a potential new treatment for @entity101 @entity1 in whom @entity1289 inhibitors are indicated, but who develop a cough with these agents.

title: Effects of modulators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on cough. XXXX Cough Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['type 1 angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['Losartan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of @entity1 with suspected @entity401 ( @entity401 ) includes surgical lung biopsy (SLB) when clinical and radiological data are inconclusive. However, cryobiopsy is acquiring an important role in the @entity401 diagnostic process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield, safety and economic costs of the systematic use of cryobiopsy in the assessment of @entity1 with suspected @entity401 . METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of @entity1 who had undergone transbronchial cryobiopsy for evaluation of @entity401 from January 2011 to January 2014. The procedures were performed with a video bronchoscope using a cryoprobe for the collection of lung parenchyma specimens, which were analyzed by pathologists. Diagnostic yield, complications and economic costs of this technique were analyzed. RESULTS: Criobiopsy specimens from a total of 33 @entity1 were included. A specific diagnosis was obtained in 26, producing a diagnostic yield of 79%. In 5 @entity1 , SLB was required for a histopathological @entity66 , but the procedure could not be performed in 4, due to severe comorbidities. The most frequent complications were @entity5229 (12%) and gradei (9%) or gradeii (21%) @entity548 . There were no life-threatening complications. The systematic use of cryobiopsy saved up to    59,846. CONCLUSION: Cryobiopsy is a safe and potentially useful technique in the diagnostic assessment of @entity1 with @entity401 . Furthermore, the systematic use of cryobiopsy has an important economic impact.

title: Cryobiopsy in the Diagnosis of Diffuse XXXX : Yield and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['confirmation of disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['Interstitial Lung Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Enterohepatic immunologic derangement is associated with @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). Here, we investigated whether @entity12942 B1 (CB) would be an effective immune-targeted substance to attenuate @entity1560 in @entity19 . METHODS: Thirty @entity19 were randomized into a control group fed with common forage, a high-fat diet (HFD) group fed a HFD for 16   weeks, and a HFD   +   CB group treated with CB for the latter 8   weeks. Inflammation- or metabolism-associated genes in the liver or epididymal fat tissue were quantified, intrahepatic and intestinal immune factors were detected. Further short-chain @entity1718 in the cecal contents or liver were measured, and differentiations of T cells in vitro were analyzed. RESULTS: Characteristics of @entity1561 in the HFD group were obvious and were significantly attenuated in the HFD   +   CB group. The mRNA levels of @entity8929 and @entity637 in the liver and epididymal fat tissue were increased in the HFD group compared with the control group and were downregulated in the HFD   +   CB group. Intrahepatic and intestinal IFN-y and @entity636 were significantly increased, whereas @entity3744 , @entity58 and @entity16821 were significantly decreased in the HFD group compared with the control group. However, these intrahepatic or intestinal immune changes were reversed after CB intervention. Furthermore, butyrate in the cecal content and liver of the HFD   +   CB group were significantly elevated. An in vitro investigation showed that @entity4877 promoted @entity1961 (+) T cell differentiation into @entity61 , Th22 or Treg, whereas it inhibited @entity1961 (+) T cell differentiation into @entity630 or Th17 under a cytokine milieu, which was mimicked by @entity3996 . CONCLUSION: CB could attenuate HFD-induced @entity1560 in @entity19 partially through @entity4876 -induced enterohepatic immunoregulation.

title: XXXX B1 alleviates high-fat diet-induced @entity1560 in @entity19 via enterohepatic immunoregulation.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium butyrate']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity12942 :: ('1492', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium butyricum']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity12942 :: (1492,Species) :: ['Clostridium butyricum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity645 -associated @entity1330 is associated with an estimated 600 000 deaths worldwide per year. Current standard initial therapy consists of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) plus @entity4895 (5-FC), but 5-FC remains largely unavailable in Asia and Africa. Alternative, more widely available, and/or more effective antifungal combination treatment regimens are urgently needed. METHODS: Eighty HIV-seropositive, antiretroviral naive @entity1 presenting with @entity1330 were randomized to 4 treatment arms of 2 weeks duration: group 1, @entity11015 (0.7-1 mg/kg) and 5-FC (25 mg/kg 4 times daily); group 2, @entity11015 (0.7-1 mg/kg) and @entity2380 (800 mg daily); group 3, @entity11015 (0.7-1 mg/kg) and @entity2380 (600 mg twice daily); and group 4, @entity11015 (0.7-1 mg/kg) and @entity5074 (300 mg twice daily). The primary end point was the rate of clearance of infection from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or early fungicidal activity (EFA), as determined by results of serial, quantitative CSF cryptococcal cultures. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of clearance of cryptococcal colony-forming units (CFU) in CSF samples among the 4 treatment groups; the mean (  standard deviation) EFA for treatment groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were -0.41    0.22 log CFU/mL CSF/day, -0.38    0.18 log CFU/mL CSF/day, -0.41    0.35 log CFU/mL CSF/day, and -0.44    0.20 log CFU/mL CSF/day, respectively. Overall mortality was 12% (9 of 78 @entity1 died) at 2 weeks and 29% (22 of 75 @entity1 died) at 10 weeks, with no statistically significant differences among groups. There were few @entity854 related to the second agents given; in particular, there were no statistically significant (>= grade 3) increases in @entity493 transaminase level or decreases in neutrophil count. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference in EFA between @entity11015 in combination with @entity2380 and @entity11015 plus 5-FC for the treatment of @entity645 -associated @entity1330 . @entity11015 plus @entity2380 (800-1200 mg/day) represents an immediately implementable alternative to @entity11015 plus 5-FC. @entity11015 plus @entity5074 is an effective alternative combination in @entity1 not receiving interacting medications.

title: Comparison of the early fungicidal activity of high-dose @entity2380 , @entity5074 , and @entity4895 as second-line drugs given in combination with @entity2379 for the treatment of @entity645 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1330 :: (MESH:D016919,Disease) :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of @entity2756 and that of @entity2891 plus @entity5899 ( @entity23881 ) in controlling @entity281 , in scavenging bacteria from bile, and in their costs when treating @entity8963 with choledochostomy. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups: the @entity2756 group (R-group, n=95) and @entity23881 group (S-group, n=95). Before choledochostomy, both groups received one intravenous dose of the corresponding antibiotics: and 2 g ceftriaxnoe for the R-group, 2 g @entity23881 , containing 1 g @entity2891 and 1 g @entity5899 , for the S-group. After the operation, the @entity1 in the R-group received @entity2756 2 g i.v. q.d.; the @entity1 in the S-group received @entity23881 2 g i.v. b.i.d.. In addition, all @entity1 in both groups received @entity868 0.5 g daily before and after the operation. The efficacy was evaluated by efficiency in controlling @entity281 and the persisting days of symptoms due to @entity281 , @entity221 and @entity491 ; the persisting days was compared using the life table method to calculate the "cumulative probability of persistence of symptoms ( @entity7184 )". The two groups were also compared in regards to their biliary bacterial clearance rates and the costs directly attributable to the antibiotics. RESULTS: The efficiency in controlling @entity281 was 98.9% (94/95) in both groups. However, the @entity7184 of the R-group decreased more rapidly than that of the S-group, Log-Rankchi2=6.7901, P=0.0092. Biliary bacterial clearance rate on post-operative day 3 was 72.0% (36/50) for the R-group, 41.3% (19/46) for the S-group, P=0.0037. Cost directly attributable to the antibiotics were (1788.29 +/- 518.46) yuan (RMB) for the R-group, and (3768.74 +/- 820.55) yuan for the S-group, F=395.51, P=0.0000. CONCLUSION: Both @entity2756 and @entity23881 are effective in treating @entity8963 when used before and after choledochostomy. @entity2756 is superior in expediting symptom relief and bacterial clearance from bile, and is more cost-effective.

title: [Comparison of efficacy between @entity2756 and @entity2891 plus @entity5899 in peri-operative treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity8963 :: ('MESH:D013969', 'Disease') :: ['acute suppurative cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity23881 :: ('MESH:C057923', 'Chemical') :: ['sulperazon']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity8963 :: (MESH:D013969,Disease) :: ['acute suppurative cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) is considered to be a well-tolerated, inexpensive, and effective medication for severe @entity565 exacerbations. We surveyed physicians who treat @entity1 with @entity565 to evaluate the current knowledge and usage of @entity2400 . METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was e-mailed to members of the Turkish National Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and was distributed to @entity1 of its annual congress. RESULTS: Of the 456 respondents (mean age: 36.53        9.11 years), 42.3% reported to use @entity2400 in @entity565 exacerbations in their practice, and 48.7% agreed that @entity2400 was included in @entity565 guidelines. The best known indication was that it was useful only in @entity1 refractory to bronchodilators and systemic @entity288 (67.7%). The two most common reasons to use @entity2400 were to shorten hospital stay (94.7%), and prevent admission to intensive care unit (80.3%). The respondents mostly used @entity2400 in the treatment of severe or life-threatening exacerbations. Thirty-nine percent believed that @entity2400 had no effect on discharge period, and 29% of them marked minor side effects. The most common reason for not using @entity2400 was inexperience (36.5%). Having an academic affiliation (OR   =   3.20, p   <   0.001), the number of @entity748 outpatients seen per month (OR   =   1.82, p   =   0.007), and more recent graduation from medical school ( <=1991) (OR   =   0.23, p   <   0.001) were associated with the use of @entity2400 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Even though the effect of @entity2400 in acute severe @entity565 is well known, only half of the physicians dealing with @entity565 @entity1 have used it in their practice. Education and encouragement in this regard are necessary.

title: Survey of physicians' attitudes toward the use of @entity2399 for acute XXXX exacerbations in Turkey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the era of open surgery, emergency open cholecystectomy has been shown for many reasons to be preferred to delayed surgery for acute @entity2679 . Despite the fact that elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard for the treatment of symptomatic @entity5990 , the same procedure remains controversial for the management of acute @entity2679 because it is considered to be associated with more complications and an increased risk of common bile duct injuries than interval LC after resolution of the acute episode. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience with LC for acute @entity2679 during a 10-year period. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic surgery have been entered prospectively into a database since 1995. Those who underwent surgery before 1995 were added retrospectively to the same database. @entity1 were included in this study if they underwent emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for suspected acute @entity2679 . The diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory, and echographic examinations. Analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with conversion or morbidity. RESULTS: Of the 1,212 @entity1 subjected to LC between 1990 and 1999, 268 (151 @entity1 and 117 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 53 years, underwent surgery on an emergency basis for suspected acute @entity2679 . Their mean age (p = 0.002) and the proportion of @entity1 (p < 0.001) were higher than in the elective group. Delay before admission and surgery varied widely, but 72% of the @entity1 underwent surgery within 48 h of admission. An intraoperative cholangiography, attempted in 218 @entity1 , was successful in 207 (95%). Histologic examination confirmed acute @entity2679 in 82% of the @entity1 . Conversion was necessary in 15.6% of the cases. It occurred more frequently in @entity1 who underwent surgery later than 48 (p = 0.03) or 96 h (p = 0.006) after admission. No other predictor of conversion was found. Overall morbidity was 15.3%, and major morbidity was 4.4%. The only risk factor for morbidity was a @entity648 level greater than 20 mmol/l (p = 0.02). Three partial lesions of the common bile duct occurred. All were recognised and repaired immediately with no adverse effect. There was no difference in the overall rate of biliary complications between the @entity1 operated for acute @entity2679 and those who underwent elective surgery. No reoperation was necessary, and there was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although LC is safe and effective for acute @entity2679 , its associated morbidity and conversion rate are higher than for elective LC. The conversion rate decreases with experience. When surgery is performed within 2 or maximally 4 days of admission, in experienced hands, LC represents the treatment of choice for acute @entity2679 . Intraoperative cholangiography should be performed in every case because it helps to clarify the anatomy and allows for early diagnosis and repair of bile duct injuries.

title: A 10-year experience with the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute XXXX : is it safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Maternal diet and lifestyle choices may affect placental transfer of @entity2186 ( @entity2187 ) to the fetus. Fetal liver concentration of @entity2187 reflects nutritional status with regards to @entity2186 , but at these low concentration current @entity2187 measurement methods lack robustness. An analytical method based on enzymatic extraction with subsequent reversed-phase-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) separation and parallel ICPMS and electrospray ionization (ESI)-Orbitrap-MS to determine specifically @entity2187 species in liver samples of only 10-50 mg was developed using 14 @entity1707 livers. Subsequently 55 @entity1 fetal livers were analyzed. HPLC-ICPMS analysis for @entity1953 (Co) and @entity2187 gave detection limits of 0.18 ng/g and 0.88 ng/g d.m. in liver samples, respectively, with a recovery of >95%. Total Co (Cot) concentration did not reflect the amount of @entity2187 or @entity2186 in the liver. @entity2187 bound Co contributes only 45    15% to Cot. XRF mapping and  XANES analysis confirmed the occurrence of non- @entity2187 @entity1953 in @entity1707 liver hot spots indicating particular Co. No correlations of total @entity1953 nor @entity2187 with fetal weight or weeks of gestation were found for the @entity1 fetal livers. Although no gender difference could be identified for total Co concentration, female livers were significantly higher in @entity2187 concentration (24.1    7.8 ng/g) than those from male fetuses (19.8    7.1 ng/g) (p = 0.04). This HPLC-ICPMS method was able to quantify total Cot and @entity2187 in fetus liver, and it was sensitive and precise enough to identify this gender difference.

title: XXXX Concentrations in Fetal Liver Show Gender Differences: A Result from Using a High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry as an Ultratrace @entity1953 Speciation Method.

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin B12', 'cobalamin']

answer: @entity2186 :: (MESH:D014805,Chemical) :: ['Cobalamin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to identify preoperative risk factors associated with increased perioperative morbidity after endoscopic pituitary surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 undergoing endoscopic pituitary @entity652 surgery between 2002 and 2014 at 6 international centers was performed. Standard demographic and comorbidity data, as well as information regarding @entity5 extent and treatment were collected. Logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for the following 30-day outcomes: systemic complications, @entity1504 , postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, length of hospital stay, readmission, and reoperation. RESULTS: Data was collected on 982 @entity1 with a mean age of 52 years. The median body mass index (BMI) for all @entity1 was 30.9 kg/m(2) with 56% female. The median hospital stay was 5 days and 23.8% of @entity1 suffered a postoperative adverse event. Systemic complications occurred in 3.2% of @entity1 and intraventricular extension was a risk factor (odds ratio [OR] 8.9). @entity1504 occurred in 7.3% of @entity1 and risk factors included previous radiation (OR 8.6) and intraventricular extension (OR 7.9). Reoperation occurred in 6.5% of @entity1 and intraventricular extension (OR 7.3) and age (<40 years, OR 3.5; 40 to 64 years, OR 3.2) were risk factors. Postoperative CSF leaks occurred in 5.5% of @entity1 and risk factors included female gender (OR 2.4), BMI >=  30 (OR 2.1), age (<40 years, OR 5.3; 40 to 64 years, OR, 7.9), and intraventricular extension (OR, 9.5). CONCLUSION: Postoperative endoscopic @entity977 are associated with @entity5 with intraventricular extension, preoperative radiation, as well as common @entity1 comorbidities. Identification of these factors may permit implementation of strategies to reduce @entity260 .

title: Multi-institutional study of risk factors for perioperative morbidity following transnasal endoscopic pituitary XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial complications', 'Intracranial complications']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma surgery complications']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate care received for @entity148 and @entity308 , to identify which @entity1 -, GP- and practice factors obstruct delivery of care in accordance with Dutch College of General Practitioners' (NHG) practice guidelines, and to evaluate the costs and effects of guideline-concordant care. DESIGN: Descriptive study. METHODS: During the baseline assessment of the Netherlands study of @entity308 and @entity148 --which has followed a large number of adults with and without @entity146 complaints since 2004--various questionnaires and diagnostic interviews were completed. At one year follow-up, the severity of symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 , overall functioning or dysfunction, healthcare use and absenteeism from employment over the past year were assessed. Data from electronic medical @entity1 records were studied to determine whether NHG practice guidelines had been followed. RESULTS: Of the 721 @entity1 with an @entity148 or @entity308 , 57% (n = 413) indicated receiving some form of care; two-thirds of this group received appropriate care according to NHG practice guidelines (n = 281). At @entity1 level the severity of @entity308 , the self-evaluated need for care, a high level of education and accessibility of care were most strongly associated with guideline adherence; at general practitioner level, collaboration with other mental health professionals was most strongly associated with guideline adherence. On average, all @entity1 had symptoms that were less serious than a year previously, irrespective of which care they had received. Guideline-concordant care was significantly more expensive. CONCLUSION: Half of the @entity1 who had not received care did not think that they needed it. Of those who had received care, those with more severe symptoms and greatest need for care were most likely to have received guideline-concordant care. Both @entity1 and general practitioners seemed well able to assess whether care was needed or not.

title: [Appropriate care for @entity148 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Advanced @entity43 contain 2 distinct phenotypic populations: (a) free-floating @entity5 cells in the ascitic fluid and (b) solid @entity5 . Ascites cells are derived from the solid @entity5 and spread throughout the peritoneum. Changes in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are thought to be responsible for the origin of @entity843 cells. Since @entity5962 molecules play a crucial role in the cell-cell interactions in epithelial cells, we investigated the expression of @entity5962 in these 2 phenotypic populations. Paired samples of @entity843 and solid @entity5 were obtained from @entity1 . Both @entity5 and @entity5 cells isolated from an experimental model showed a marked decrease in @entity5962 expression in the @entity843 cells compared to the respective solid @entity5 . Semi-quantitative, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the steady-state levels of @entity5962 -specific mRNA. Results indicate that the @entity5 had significantly lower levels of @entity5962 transcript in @entity843 cells when compared to their solid @entity5 counterparts. Changes in @entity5962 expression were also reflected in the invasion capacity of @entity5 cells in vitro. Ascites cells were 4-fold more invasive then solid @entity5 cells, suggesting that @entity843 cells are a highly malignant phenotype.

title: Differential expression of the cell-cell adhesion molecule @entity5962 in @entity843 and solid @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of the infected @entity6 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 with 44 infected @entity6 receiving HBOT were divided into two groups. One group of 21 @entity1 with 21 feet received <10 sessions of HBOT. The other 21 @entity1 with 23 feet received >10 sessions of HBOT. RESULTS: In @entity1 who received <10 sessions of HBOT, seven @entity1 achieved satisfactory wound healing. Feet were preserved in 33.3%. In @entity1 with >10 sessions of HBOT, 16 @entity1 with 18 feet achieved good wound healing. Of these @entity1 , 78.3% preserved their feet. This group of @entity1 received an average of 22.8 HBOT treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive HBOT has a positive effect on wound healing in @entity6 with @entity281 . The effect of HBOT seems dose dependent because the amputation rate is decreased in @entity1 who receive adequate HBOT.

title: Treatment of @entity6 with hyperbaric XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic feet', 'diabetic foot']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between a number of @entity25 and @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is still debated. There are limited case control polysomnographic studies in @entity191 and most of these study sample sizes are small. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: We conducted one of the largest case-control studies involving overnight polysomnographic evaluation, with prospective recruitment of unselected @entity191 @entity1 and healthy controls from an Asian population. The cases were recruited from the specialized @entity717 outpatient clinics in a tertiary referral center, and controls from the same geographical locations. All subjects underwent an overnight polysomnographic study and a multiple sleep latency test. A total of 124 subjects including 56 @entity1 and 68 controls frequency-matched for age and sex were included. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity1 had significantly shorter total sleep time than controls (p=0.01), lower sleep efficiency (p=0.001) and increased REM latency (p=0.007). In @entity1 , multivariate analysis showed that reduced total sleep time was significantly associated with increased age (p=0.001) and increased levodopa dose (p=0.032). The mean Insomnia Severity Index was higher in @entity191 @entity1 (9.0  7.1) compared to controls (3.3  3.9, p<0.001). The mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was higher in @entity191 @entity1 (9.3  5.9 vs. 5.7  4.8, p<0.001). Nocturnal arousals, @entity27 , periodic leg movements and objective @entity25 were not increased in our @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our case-control polysomnographic study, the first-ever performed in an Asian population, revealed altered sleep architecture and reduced sleep in @entity191 @entity1 compared to controls. Reduced total sleep time was associated with increased age and levodopa dose. However, nocturnal arousals, @entity25 and @entity25 were not increased in our @entity191 @entity1 suggesting that ethnic/genetic differences may be a factor in the pathophysiology of these conditions.

title: Case control polysomnographic studies of @entity25 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal sleepiness', 'primary sleep disorders']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: In medical practice, antibiotics are generally given empirically for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic @entity3617 (AECB). To be effective, antibiotic therapy should be broad in spectrum, and it should also cover the common beta-lactamase-producing pathogens. In this multicenter, randomized, investigator-masked study, 469 @entity1 with AECB were randomized (in a ratio of 2:1) to receive 400-mg oral @entity13665 capsules once daily or 500-mg @entity115 - @entity798 tablets three times daily for 5 to 15 days. @entity1 receiving @entity13665 were further divided into those who took the capsule with a meal (fed) and those who took the capsule 1 hour before a meal (fasted). Clinical and microbiologic responses were evaluated after treatment at 0 to 6 days (end of treatment) and 7 to 21 days (follow-up). Overall clinical success was determined by cure/improvement of signs and symptoms of AECB at the end of treatment and at follow-up. Overall microbiologic assessment was graded as eradication, persistence, relapse, reinfection, colonization, superinfection, or unassessable. Tolerability was evaluated by grading observed adverse events. The mean duration of treatment was 10.4 days for @entity1 who received @entity13665 and 10.1 days for @entity1 who received @entity115 - @entity798 . A total of 252 @entity1 receiving @entity13665 and 117 @entity1 receiving @entity115 - @entity798 were evaluable for clinical efficacy, and 55 @entity1 were evaluable for microbiologic response. Both treatments improved the signs and symptoms of @entity3617 , and overall clinical success rates were equivalent for @entity1 treated with @entity13665 (211 of 252 [84%]) and @entity115 - @entity798 (93 of 117 [79%]) (95% confidence interval [CI], -4.5% to 13.6%). Overall microbiologic eradication rates were also similar for @entity1 treated with @entity13665 (36 of 37 [97%]) and @entity115 - @entity798 (12 of 14 [86%]) (95% CI, -5.2% to 21.2%). The most frequently reported treatment-related adverse events were @entity344 , which occurred in 15% (47 of 316) and 24% (36 of 152) of @entity1 treated with @entity13665 and @entity115 - @entity798 , respectively. No significant difference was observed in the ceftibutenfed and @entity13665 -fasted groups in overall clinical assessments of the clinical efficacy population and safety population. In conclusion, 400 mg oral @entity13665 once daily has a similar clinical success rate to 500 mg @entity115 - @entity798 three times daily, with a trend toward fewer gastrointestinal side effects, in the treatment of @entity1 with AECB.

title: Comparison of XXXX once daily and @entity115 - @entity798 three times daily in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic @entity3617 .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity13665 :: ('MESH:C054360', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftibuten']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

answer: @entity13665 :: (MESH:C054360,Chemical) :: ['ceftibuten']


abstract: PURPOSE: The poor prognosis of elderly @entity1 in many @entity5 may be due to less thorough investigation and less aggressive treatment because of the perception that radical treatment will be poorly tolerated and that elderly @entity1 have a limited life expectancy. We wished to assess whether older age is associated with (a) less radical treatment, (b) poorer outcome, or (c) greater @entity137 , after adjusting for other possible contributing factors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective study of @entity1 with loco-regional @entity5 treated between January 1980 and December 1985 was conducted. @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, or combinations. Cox regression was used to assess age effects while allowing for the influence of other factors. RESULTS: Eighty-eight @entity1 were treated radically and 16 palliatively. Treatment intent (radical or palliative) did not appear to be related to age, before (p = 0.42) or after adjusting for other factors (p = 0.34). In a selected group of 86 radically treated @entity1 ages ranged from 33 to 85 (median 60). There were 35 loco-regional failures and 58 @entity204 (38 related to @entity5 ). Older @entity1 were prescribed and received lower doses of radiation. However, older age was not related to the risk of loco-regional recurrence (p = 0.96) or shorter survival (p = 0.67), and was not associated with duration of treatment interruption or severity of @entity137 after adjustment for prognostic factors. There was some suggestion of a higher risk of recurrence with increasing age for @entity1 under 70 years but with a risk for @entity1 over 70 at least equal to that of the youngest group. Elderly @entity1 in our study may have been a selected group. CONCLUSION: Older @entity1 with loco-regional @entity5 , or at least a subset of them, appear to be able to tolerate radical courses of radiotherapy, and to have similar outcomes as do younger @entity1 .

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'oropharyngeal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a very rare case of 3 large, functioning @entity3243 causing @entity459 . METHODS: We present the history, clinical findings, laboratory test results, radiologic findings, endocrine workup results, intraoperative surgical challenges, and surgical pathology report of the study @entity1 . We review the literature and discuss the importance of intraoperative @entity461 ( @entity461 ) measurement in such cases. RESULTS: A 79-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity459 and elevated levels of @entity460 and @entity461 . Localization studies confirmed the presence of a large right upper @entity3243 . On exploration, a very large cystic parathyroid gland was identified at that location. Because intraoperative @entity461 levels remained elevated, further exploration was pursued, which revealed 2 more large cystic glands on the left side that were resected. This resulted in an adequate but slow @entity461 drop. The right lower gland appeared normal. On follow-up 4 days and 6 weeks after surgery, the @entity460 and @entity461 levels had normalized. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the aspects of intraoperative @entity461 use and underscores the need to exclude @entity66 even in the setting of a very large @entity3243 with concordant localization studies.

title: Three large, functioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multigland disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid cyst', 'cystic parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['cystic parathyroid adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined the sex differences for hemodynamic and echocardiographic changes in hypertrophied and failing hearts induced by arteriovenous (AV) shunt. METHODS AND RESULTS: Echocardiographic and hemodynamic alterations were determined in male and female @entity35 at 4 and 16 weeks after AV shunt. Ovariectomized females treated with @entity172 for 16 weeks post-AV shunt were also used. Both genders developed @entity1283 at 4 and 16 weeks post-AV shunt; however, the increase in cardiac muscle mass was greater in females than males at 16 weeks. At 4 weeks post-AV shunt, increases in ventricular dimensions and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) as well as a decrease in fractional @entity3207 occurred in males only. Unlike the females, the rates of pressure development (+dP/dt) and decay (-dP/dt) were @entity308 and LVEDP increased in male @entity35 at 16 weeks post-AV shunt. An @entity5691 was seen in both genders, but this was more marked in the males at 4 and 16 weeks post-AV shunt. Although mRNA levels for ACE were increased in both male and female @entity35 at 4 and 16 weeks, mRNA levels for @entity11154 were increased in males at 16 weeks only. Furthermore, increases in plasma @entity2661 were elevated in males but were decreased or unchanged in females at 16 weeks of AV shunt. LV internal diameters as well as @entity308 fractional @entity3207 occurred in males whereas increases in posterior wall thickness were seen in the female @entity35 at 16 weeks of AV shunt. Ovariectomy resulted in @entity308 +dP/dt, -dP/dt, and fractional @entity3207 , whereas a marked @entity5691 as well as increased LVEDP and LV internal diameters were observed at 16 weeks post-AV shunt. Although treatment with 17-beta @entity53 normalized +/-dP/dt, LVEDP remained elevated. CONCLUSION: Gender differences in cardiac function may be due to differences in the type of cardiac remodeling as a consequence of AV shunt. Furthermore, @entity172 appears to play an important role in preventing @entity299 and adverse ventricular remodeling in female @entity35 .

title: Gender differences in XXXX and remodeling due to volume overload.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increase in cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is a well-established standard method for treating common bile duct stones. However, biliary sphincter function is impaired after the treatment, and this may influence the long-term outcomes. In this study, we aimed to compare the long-term outcomes after ES with those after endoscopic @entity384 (EPBD) because the latter procedure is expected to preserve biliary sphincter function better than ES. DESIGN: A prospective follow-up of the original cohort in a previously randomized, controlled trial to compare the early outcomes after ES and EPBD. SETTING: Eleven centers, including 6 clinical practices and 5 academic institutions. @entity1 : A total of 282 @entity1 with common bile duct stones were randomly selected to undergo ES (n = 144) or EPBD (n = 138) in the previous study. INTERVENTIONS: ES or EPBD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Complications after ES or EPBD occurring during long-term follow-up. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up annually after the treatment. The median duration of the follow-up was 6.7 years. Morbidity was observed in 36 (25.0%) and 14 (10.1%) of the @entity1 who underwent ES and EPBD, respectively (P = .0016). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher incidence of biliary complications in the ES group than in the EPBD group (P = .0011). Multivariate analysis showed that ES, periampullary diverticulum, and in situ @entity1085 were independent risk factors for stone recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: During long-term follow-up, @entity1 who underwent ES had significantly more biliary complications than those who underwent EPBD. The biliary sphincter dysfunction after ES results in additional late complications.

title: Long-term outcomes after endoscopic sphincterotomy versus endoscopic XXXX for bile duct stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['papillary balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stones']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['papillary balloon dilation']