abstract: The reactivity of subpleural strips of lung parenchyma reflects primarily the tone of the smooth muscle in the peripheral airways. Lung strips taken from ten @entity235 relaxed when the @entity26 level in the gas bubbling through the bath was reduced from 95% to 18%. Subsequent @entity13147 ( @entity544 reduced from 5% to 0%) induced contraction of all strips. These changes were reversed when the @entity26 or @entity544 tensions were restored to control levels. Addition of either @entity3352 or @entity5728 , two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase, reduced the resting tone in each of six strips and prevented the hyperoxic constriction which was observed in paired, control strips ( @entity26 increased from 18% to 95%). Blockers of @entity112 and @entity2661 had no effect. The reactivity of the distal airways to changes in gas tension provides a mechanism by which ventilation and perfusion can be matched. The action of @entity3352 and @entity5728 indicates that a @entity3009 -like substance may be involved in the maintenance of distal airway tone and in the constriction produced by @entity871 . The addition of @entity3774 or E1, after @entity5728 , in a further nine pairs of strips did not restore the hyperoxic constriction. This suggests that @entity2918 may mediate, rather than merely facilitate, the response.

title: Distal airway responses to changes in @entity26 and XXXX tensions.

entities_list: @entity5728 :: ('MESH:D008469', 'Chemical') :: ['meclofenamate']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study characterized the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of @entity14680 (FF) in @entity1 (5-11 years) with persistent @entity565 . Twenty-seven @entity1 received inhaled FF 100     g or placebo via the ELLIPTA    dry powder inhaler once daily for 14 days, with a >= 7 day washout period. Adverse events (AEs) were reported by eight (31%) and four (16%) subjects during FF 100     g and placebo treatment, respectively. @entity10 was reported by three subjects during FF 100     g treatment and by no subjects during placebo treatment, all other AEs were reported by only one subject on either treatment; there were no serious AEs. Following repeat dosing, the arithmetic mean (SD) FF Cmax was 26.71   pg/mL (9.16) at 31   minutes post-dose. Arithmetic mean (SD) FF AUC(0-t) was 121.44   pg   h/mL (83.04). Arithmetic mean values for weighted mean (SD) serum @entity701 (0-12   hours) on day 14 were 56.49 (16.51) and 67.57 (20.66)   ng/mL for FF 100     g and placebo, respectively. No clinically significant effect of FF on serum @entity701 levels was observed. FF was well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic profiles were well defined and did not differ between age groups in the study population, and no clinically significant suppression of serum @entity701 was observed.

title: Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of XXXX , a novel inhaled corticosteroid, in @entity1 aged 5-11 years with persistent @entity565 : A randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity14680 :: ('MESH:C523187', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone furoate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

answer: @entity14680 :: (MESH:C523187,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone furoate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2520 has been associated with an increased risk of @entity600 and low birth weight. We studied the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on @entity600 . METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 between 13 and 17 weeks of gestation to undergo scaling and root planing either before 21 weeks (413 @entity1 in the treatment group) or after delivery (410 @entity1 in the control group). @entity1 in the treatment group also underwent monthly tooth polishing and received instruction in oral hygiene. The gestational age at the end of pregnancy was the prespecified primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were birth weight and the proportion of @entity1 who were small for gestational age. RESULTS: In the follow-up analysis, @entity600 (before 37 weeks of gestation) occurred in 49 of 407 @entity1 (12.0%) in the treatment group (resulting in 44 live births) and in 52 of 405 @entity1 (12.8%) in the control group (resulting in 38 live births). Although periodontal treatment improved @entity2521 measures (P<0.001), it did not significantly alter the risk of @entity3152 (P=0.70; hazard ratio for treatment group vs. control group, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 1.37). There were no significant differences between the treatment and control groups in birth weight (3239 g vs. 3258 g, P=0.64) or in the rate of delivery of @entity1 that were small for gestational age (12.7% vs. 12.3%; odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.58). There were 5 spontaneous @entity5852 or @entity2209 in the treatment group, as compared with 14 in the control group (P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity2521 in pregnant @entity1 improves @entity2520 and is safe but does not significantly alter rates of @entity600 , low birth weight, or fetal growth restriction. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00066131 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

title: Treatment of XXXX and the risk of @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'Maternal periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: A case of a 52 year-old-male, with past medical history of renoureteral crisis and recurrent episodes of @entity490 , is presented. The @entity1 presented to the Emergency Department with @entity490 (similar to previous episodes), @entity409 test (marked elevation of @entity6811 ). An abdominal ultrasound was performed showing @entity382 , and enlarged spleen and an echogenic material that suggested a @entity715 . A CT scan confirmed the @entity715 of the inferior mesenteric vein extending up to the splenic vein and the portal vein. It also showed a large number of diverticulum. Surgery was performed in order to rule out an @entity697 . A phylephlebitis, infective suppurative @entity715 of the portal vein and its branches (inferior mesenteric vein and splenic vein) was found due to an @entity697 with neither perforation nor abscess. A ligature of the inferior mesenteric vein and a Hartmann procedure with resection of the diseased colon, and end colostomy and creation of a rectal stump, were performed. A favourable outcome was obtained with antibiotics and anticoagulation. Some aspects of the aetiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this unusual complication of @entity4436 are also presented.

title: [Phylephebitis due to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fever and abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6811 :: ('92086', 'Gene') :: ['gammaglutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: @entity4309 ( @entity14 , @entity6756 ) is an @entity74 with variable phenotype causing the development of @entity694 and other @entity5 . The basis of the disease is believed to be the mismatch repair gene mutations. Genetic screening has been performed among the @entity1 who have undergone surgery for @entity694 at the University of Debrecen, Department of Surgery. Tumor samples of the screened @entity1 were submitted to immunohistochemistry on @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity4638 genes, microsatellite instability testing, followed by sequencing and multiple ligation dependent probe amplification. Three families were identified with the missense mutation @entity41315 ( @entity41316 ) of @entity6756 gene. In one of the families a segregation analysis of this particular variant was also accomplished. The segregation analysis revealed a clear correlation between the @entity5 cases and the occurrence of this mutation. However, none of the analyzed 100 healthy controls demonstrated the same aberration. There is only one published evidence in the literature about the presence of this rare variant in any population. The @entity7647 to Pro switch in the ATPase domain, a conservative region of the @entity6756 gene, creates significant changes in the protein structure. These results indicate that this mutation is the abnormality responsible for the @entity1 ' phenotype and it is feasible that this particular aberration occurs more frequently among @entity4309 @entity1 .

title: @entity41316 mutation in the XXXX gene associated with @entity4309 in three Hungarian families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'Hungarian Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity41316 :: ('p|SUB|Q|48|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Q48P']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity6756 :: (4292,Gene) :: ['hMLH1']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the @entity1211 of cavernous or paracavernous @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) in which approach via @entity50 ( @entity50 ) was not feasible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified the cases of @entity1211 of @entity15265 ( @entity15265 ) or adjacent dural sinuses from the neurointerventional database of three hospitals. The causes and clinical and angiographic outcomes of @entity1211 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity15265 (n = 11) or lesser wing of sphenoid sinus (LWSS, n = 1) @entity2457 were attempted to treat by transvenous embolization via ipsilateral (n = 10) or contralateral (n = 2) facial vein. Trans- @entity50 access to the @entity75 was impossible due to chronic occlusion (n = 11) or acute angulation adjacent the @entity75 (n = 1). In all twelve cases, it was possible to navigate through facial vein, angular vein, superior ophthalmic vein, and then @entity15265 . It was also possible to further navigation to contralateral @entity15265 through intercavernous sinus in two cases, and laterally into LWSS in one case. Post-treatment control angiography revealed complete occlusion of the @entity2457 in eleven cases and partial occlusion in one @entity1 , resulting in complete resolution of presenting symptom in eight and gradually clinical improvement in four @entity1 . There was no treatment-related complication during or after the procedure. CONCLUSION: In the cavernous or paracavernous @entity2457 in which trans- @entity50 approach is not feasible, the facial vein seems to be safe and effective alternative route for transvenous embolization.

title: Transvenous Embolization of Cavernous and Paracavernous XXXX through the Facial Vein: Report of 12 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['DAVF', 'dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity15265 :: ('MESH:D020226', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'cavernous sinus']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['transfacial venous embolization']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['inferior petrosal sinus', 'IPS']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['Dural Arteriovenous Fistula']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal route of @entity281 and the optimal sampling sites for the recovery of @entity1782 , the etiological agent of @entity55 . Virulence of two strains, BQ 14 and 116, isolated in France in 1975 and 2003, respectively, was also compared. Groups of specific pathogen free piglets were experimentally infected by the intratracheal or intranasal route. One non-inoculated @entity1707 was placed in each group of infected @entity1707 to study direct transmission. Two groups were kept uninfected. Coughing was recorded daily. Blood samples, nasal, tonsillar and tracheal swabs and tracheobronchiolar washings were collected weekly. @entity1707 were killed 27-37 days post- @entity281 . Lung lesions were scored and swabs were collected from nasal cavities, tonsils, @entity825 , lung, liver and spleen. All the samples, collected from live and dead @entity1707 , were cultured for @entity1782 recovery. Results showed that both experimentally infected @entity1707 and contact @entity1707 developed @entity55 , whatever the route of @entity281 and the strain tested. Direct contact transmission occurred quickly. No difference between the two routes of @entity281 or between the two strains tested was evidenced, but high individual variations were observed between @entity1707 . Tracheal swabs and tracheobronchiolar washings were the most effective samples to detect @entity1782 compared to nasal or tonsillar swabs. Our results also suggested that tracheobronchiolar washings could have an influence on the lesion extent observed at necropsy. @entity1782 could be re-isolated from liver and spleen of experimentally infected @entity1707 and contact @entity1707 .

title: Isolation of XXXX from different sampling sites in experimentally infected and contact SPF piglets.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['enzootic pneumonia', 'enzootic porcine pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1782 :: ('2099', 'Species') :: ['M. hyopneumoniae']

answer: @entity1782 :: (2099,Species) :: ['Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity4503 ( @entity4503 ) are at risk for @entity340 and ascending @entity449 . Although others have investigated the need for concomitant repair, the natural history of @entity2333 has not been addressed. METHODS: A review of our institutional clinical database identified 514 @entity1 (326 male, 188 female) with unrepaired ascending @entity449 followed from 1985 to 2005. Seventy @entity1 (13.4%) diagnosed with @entity4503 form group A; the remaining 445 @entity1 form group B. Growth rates and risk factors for complications were assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 in group A had a lower incidence of @entity101 (p = 0.0185), @entity2998 , and @entity64 (p = 0.0184), and presented at an earlier age (49.0 versus 64.2 years, p < 0.0001). Group A also had a higher rate of aortic growth (0.19 versus 0.13 cm/year, p = 0.0102). The incidence of @entity397 and dissection were similar. Overall survival was better among @entity1 with @entity4503 (p < 0.0001). Among @entity1 with @entity4503 , those with @entity472 had a higher risk of @entity397 , dissection, or @entity204 before operative repair than did those with normally functioning valves (odds ratio 10.475, 95% confidence interval: 1.153 to 95.155). CONCLUSIONS: @entity472 presents a significant added risk for @entity1 with @entity439 in the face of @entity4503 . Despite faster rates of growth, however, @entity1 with @entity4503 have similar rates of @entity1755 , dissection, and @entity204 and improved long-term survival. Contributing to this finding may be the lower incidence of comorbidities, the younger age at presentation, and the more attentive follow-up with earlier operative repair.

title: Natural history of ascending @entity449 in the setting of an unreplaced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms', 'aortic aneurysms and dissections']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis', 'Aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection rates for many @entity166 have declined over the past century. This has created a cohort effect, whereby older individuals experienced a higher @entity281 rate in their past than younger individuals do now. As a result, age-stratified seroprevalence profiles often differ from what would be expected from constant @entity281 rates. METHODS: Here, we account for the cohort effect by fitting an age-structured compartmental model with declining transmission rates to @entity99 seroprevalence data for Canadian-born individuals. We compare the predicted impact of universal vaccination with and without including the cohort effect in the dynamic model. RESULTS: We find that @entity99 transmissibility has declined by a factor of 2.8 since the early twentieth century. When the cohort effect is not included in the model, incidence and mortality both with and without vaccination are significantly over-predicted. Incidence (respectively mortality) over a 20 year period of universal vaccination is 34% (respectively 90%) higher than if the cohort effect is included. The percentage reduction in incidence and mortality due to vaccination are also over-predicted when the cohort effect is not included. Similar effects are likely for many other @entity166 where @entity281 rates have declined significantly over past decades and where immunity is lifelong. CONCLUSION: Failure to account for cohort effects has implications for interpreting seroprevalence data and predicting the impact of vaccination programmes with dynamic models. Cohort effects should be included in dynamic modelling studies whenever applicable.

title: Cohort effects in dynamic models and their impact on vaccination programmes: an example from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis A']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis A']


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity1 with @entity6 was admitted to hospital with high-grade fever and @entity158 for the previous three days. Physical examination revealed marked distention of the peripheral veins in both lower legs and she complained of @entity158 . Spontaneous superficial suppurative @entity2268 was diagnosed and transfusion of cefazolin every 8 hours was started immediately after blood cultures. After 48 hours, the distention of the peripheral veins was improved; however, she suffered from a severe @entity615 thereafter. Two sets of blood culture yielded Group B streptococcus. Therefore the antibiotic was changed to ampicillin every 6 hours. To investigate the cause of @entity615 , MRI of the lumbar vertebral body was taken. Saggital gadolinium T1-weighted MRI demonstrated a high signal intensity lesion from Th7 to Th11, suggesting @entity4034 following @entity2259 from superficial suppurative @entity2268 . One week later, the clinical symptoms mostly disappeared. After six weeks of treatment, she was discharged. Suppurative @entity2268 is an inflammation of the vein wall by microorganisms and sometimes causes secondary metastatic abscess. Aging and @entity6 are also risk factors for group B streptococcal invasive @entity281 . This case suggests @entity4034 should be taken into consideration during the course of group @entity2259 in an elderly @entity1 complaining @entity615 .

title: [Group B streptococcal @entity4034 following superficial suppurative XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'leg pain']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['B streptococcal bacteremia', 'Group B streptococcal bacteremia']

answer: @entity2268 :: (MESH:D013924,Disease) :: ['thrombophlebitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity5 is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among @entity1 worldwide. Therefore, to curb the disease, there is a need to develop a screening test that has good sensitivity and specificity. The present study is aimed to compare the effectiveness of the @entity975 smear, visual inspection with @entity1543 (VIA) and visual inspection with @entity20046 (VILI) for mass screening of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix; to evaluate the usefulness of VIA and VILI as an adjunct to improve sensitivity of cervical cytology; and to evaluate the role of VILI as a parallel screening method with VIA to enhance its test performance. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a prospective, analytical study in which 210 @entity1 of the reproductive age group attending the gynecology OPD were enrolled. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were first subjected to @entity975 smear followed by VIA, VILI, colposcopy and biopsy for confirmation of lesion, if needed. Data was obtained and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 210 @entity1 , 34 (16.27%) had positive @entity975 test, 29 (13.87%) had positive VIA and 24 (11.43%) had positive VILI and 31 (14.75%) showed features of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) on colposcopy. Of the total of 48 @entity1 in whom either of the screening tests was positive and had undergone cervical biopsy, one had @entity3146 -3, three had @entity3146 , 12 had @entity3146 -1, three had @entity189 in situ CIS and 29 reported normal. In our study, 40 @entity1 were picked up as positive by combination of these tests, of which 19 (47.50%) had @entity3146 on biopsy. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that VIA and VILI had sensitivity comparable to @entity975 smear and can thus be a suitable potential alternative/adjunctive screening test not only in a resource-poor setting but in well-equipped centers also. And, use of a combination of tests ( @entity975 +VIA+VILI) had 100% sensitivity but at cost of low specificity and more false-positive results.

title: Comparative study of effectiveness of @entity975 smear versus visual inspection with XXXX and visual inspection with @entity20046 for mass screening of premalignant and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity20046 :: ('MESH:C010389', 'Chemical') :: ["Lugol's iodine"]

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN-2', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for @entity299 ( @entity299 ) has changed considerably during the last three decades. The results of primary repair have steadily improved, to allow treating almost all @entity1 within the pediatric age; nonetheless an increasing population of adult @entity1 requires surgical treatment. The objective of this study is to present the early surgical results of @entity1 who require surgery for @entity299 in the adult population within a multicentered European study population. METHODS: Data relative to the hospital course of 2,012 adult @entity1 (age > or = 18 years) who required surgical treatment for @entity299 from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2004 were reviewed. Nineteen cardiothoracic centers from 13 European countries contributed to the data collection. RESULTS: Mean age at surgery was 34.4 +/- 14.53 years. Most of the operations were corrective procedures (1,509 @entity1 , 75%), followed by reoperations (464 @entity1 , 23.1%) and palliative procedures (39 @entity1 , 1.9%). Six hundred forty-nine @entity1 (32.2%) required surgical closure of an isolated ostium secundum @entity118 . Overall hospital mortality was 2%. @entity848 , @entity943 , and NYHA class III-IV, proved significant risk factors for hospital mortality. Follow-up data were available in 1,342 of 1,972 @entity1 (68%) who were discharged home. Late deaths occurred in 6 @entity1 (0.5%). Overall survival probability was 97% at 60 months, which is higher for corrective procedures (98.2%) if compared with reoperations (94.1%) and palliations (86.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of @entity299 in adult @entity1 , in specialized cardiac units, proved quite safe, beneficial, and low-risk.

title: Risk of surgery for XXXX in the adult: a multicentered European study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative cyanosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent guidelines for the management of @entity101 by the European Societies of @entity101 and Cardiology (ESH-ESC), consider, besides normal and normal high blood pressure, also early @entity177 as a significant factor scoring the individual cardiovascular (CV) risk in each @entity1 . Considering that the nephrologists have not yet adopted a similar system to score CV risk in @entity177 , we believed reasonable to evaluate whether the ESH-ESC guidelines were applicable to renal @entity1 and to what extent useful to estimate the CV risk in @entity740 . @entity1 AND METHODS: According to the above-mentioned guidelines, CV risk score was evaluated in 386 ambulatory @entity1 (212 M/174 F; aged 53 +/- 15 years) with the following clinical diagnosis: @entity101 (n=48), @entity9279 (n=49), @entity177 (n=182), transplantation (n=61) and dialysis (n=46). RESULTS: We obtained a "no score" group and five progressive risk classes graded from 1 to 5. Infact thirthyfour cases were not scored because of "optimal" blood pressure control, whilst the remaining 352 averaged a score of 3.9 +/- 1.1 ("high" CV risk condition). In these, all the scores were present and the distribution of cases evidenced a prevailing of score 4 and 5 in @entity177 (19 and 52% of the cases, respectively) and in transplantation (26% and 39%), but not in @entity101 and @entity9279 . In dialysis, only score 4 and 5 (35% and 59% respectively) occurred, while 4 cases (6%) were not scored due to "optimal" blood pressure values. Target organ damage, acquired clinical conditions, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors had all a positive correlation with the risk score. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that ESH-ESC guidelines for the management of @entity101 can be used to obtain a global CV risk score also in @entity740 , with the exception of dialysis. In @entity177 , the risk of underestimating the real incidence of future CV events might be overcome, at least partially, by the possibility of highlighting in individual @entity1 the concomitance of risk factors requiring a very early preventive and aggressive therapy.

title: Utilization of guidelines for the management of @entity101 in cardiovascular risk scoring of renal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease', 'chronic kidney diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['lithiasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the 1-year clinical and angiographic outcome of angioplasty and stenting of @entity4522 using Wingspan and Gateway system. METHODS: In this prospective study, @entity1 with symptomatic lesions were treated and followed clinically and angiographically by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for 1 year. The two primary endpoints were recurrent ipsilateral @entity385 and in-stent restenosis (ISR) at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included periprocedural @entity204 or @entity64 and all @entity64 at 1 year. Potential factors correlated with ISR were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Treatment was attempted in 65 @entity1 and successfully completed in 61 (93.8%). Fifty-nine @entity1 (44 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ) aged 62.86    11.38 years with 66 stenoses (average degree of @entity850 71.78    11.23%) underwent clinical and DSA follow-up at 1 year. There were 66 stenotic lesions. ISR occurred in 11 of the 66 lesions (16.7%). Luminal gain occurred in 32 of the lesions (48.5%), an unchanged lumen in 4 (6%) and luminal loss in 30 (45.4%). The periprocedural @entity64 or @entity204 rate was 6.1% (4/65), including three @entity548 and one @entity385 , all of which occurred at the corresponding site and resulted in @entity204 . There were no interval @entity64 between the periprocedural time and the 1-year follow-up. The occurrence of ISR was correlated with the degree of @entity850 before treatment and was not correlated with @entity1 age or sex, vessel diameter, location of @entity850 or @entity177 to control risk factors for @entity731 . CONCLUSIONS: One-year clinical and angiographic outcomes of angioplasty and stenting are promising for symptomatic @entity4522 .

title: Angioplasty and stenting of XXXX with the Wingspan system: 1-year clinical and radiological outcome in a single Asian center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity4522 :: (MESH:D002537,Disease) :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1663 ( @entity1663 ) is a non-scarring, @entity792 which causes hair loss. Inflammatory reactions are involved in hair loss of the scalp and/or body. The involvement of chemokine receptors in the pathogenesis of @entity1663 is well defined among which, @entity2851 acts on neutrophils and @entity373 , @entity371 and @entity1570 serve as T lymphocytes recruiters. OBJECTIVE: To study the serum levels of ELR+ and ELR- @entity2851 , @entity373 , @entity371 and @entity1570 in the @entity1 suffering from @entity1663 and healthy controls. METHODS: The study population consisted of 30 @entity1 suffering from @entity1663 and 30 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of @entity2851 , @entity373 , @entity371 and @entity1570 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Current results showed that @entity1663 @entity1 had significantly elevated serum levels of @entity373 and @entity371 in comparison to controls (p<0.001). These results also demonstrated that serum levels of @entity2851 and @entity1570 were significantly decreased in @entity1663 @entity1 compared to control (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity373 and @entity371 are elevated in the @entity1663 @entity1 and may be involved in the recruitment of T lymphocytes to the inflamed tissues. Moreover, due to the significant role played by these chemokines in angiogenesis/angiostatis phenomenon they could be considered as useful biomarkers in @entity1663 diagnosis and therapy.

title: Differential expression of @entity2851 , XXXX , @entity371 and @entity1570 chemokines in alopecia areata.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

entities_list: @entity1663 :: ('MESH:D000506', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Alopecia Areata']

answer: @entity373 :: (4283,Gene) :: ['CXCL9']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity130 -induced suppression of cellular immune function likely contributes to @entity295 , @entity881 and @entity204 . T cell proliferation decreases after traumatic stress. The addition of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), which @entity308 immune function after @entity548 and @entity130 , to T-cells decreases T-cell proliferation; and hypertonic saline restores @entity1421 -induced T-cell suppression. Recently, it has become apparent that @entity6785 ( @entity6785 ) plays a central role in several immune responses, including T-cell proliferation. However, the role of @entity6785 in mediating hypertonic saline (HTS) restoration of T cell dysfunction is unknown. Therefore, we hypothesize that T cell immune restoration by HTS occurs, at least in part, by a @entity6785 -mediated mechanism. METHODS: Jurkat cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute media, at a final concentration of 2.5 * 10(6) cell/mL. The effects of HTS on T-cell proliferation following @entity1421 -induced suppression were evaluated in Jurkat cells: HTS at 20 or 40 mmol/L above isotonicity was added. @entity6785 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. RESULTS: @entity1421 caused a 15.0% inhibition of Jurkat cell proliferation, as compared to the control. @entity6785 levels decreased in @entity1421 -suppressed cells, as compared to the control. @entity6785 levels were higher in cells treated with HTS than @entity1421 -stimulated cells. CONCLUSION: The role of HTS in restoring Jurkat cells proliferation suppressed by @entity1421 , at least in part, should be mediated through a @entity6785 pathway.

title: Effect of hypertonic saline and XXXX in restoration of T cell dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depresses']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity6785 :: ('4282', 'Gene') :: ['MIF', 'macrophage migration inhibitory factor']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity6785 :: (4282,Gene) :: ['macrophage migration inhibitory factor']


abstract: @entity3176 ( @entity3176 ) are Old World nonhumans that display attenuated menstruation that requires detection by vaginal swab. The physiology underlying attenuated menstruation in this species has not been previously studied. To fill this gap, we evaluated endometrial cell proliferation, @entity134 receptor localization and expression of menstruation-associated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes in vervets during natural and artificial menstrual cycles. The artificial cycles were induced by sequentially treating ovariectomized animals with @entity53 (E(2)) and @entity1420 (P). Because menstrual flow is exceptionally light in this species, menses was detected by vaginal swab. We found that both natural and artificially cycled animals menstruated 3-5 days after the decline of P at the end of the cycle. As in other primates, P withdrawal at the end of artificial cycles triggered endometrial expression of MMPs, including MMP-1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13 and 26 transcripts. In both the natural and artificial menstrual cycle, menstrual sloughing was restricted to the upper one-fourth of the endometrium, and MMP-1 and 2 were strongly expressed by the stroma of the sloughing zone. MMP-7 was localized in the endometrial glands during late menses. As in macaques, epithelial cell proliferation was localized to the functionalis zone during the @entity172 -dominated proliferative phase and to the basalis zone glands during the P-dominated secretory phase. Regulation of @entity172 and @entity1871 (or @entity53 and @entity1420 ) receptors was similar to that reported for macaques. Because strong similarities exist between the endometrium of vervets, macaques and @entity1 , we conclude that vervets can provide a useful animal model for studies on hormone regulation of menstruation.

title: Assessment of menstruation in the vervet ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['Vervet monkeys', 'Chlorocebus aethiops']

answer: @entity3176 :: (9534,Species) :: ['Cercopithecus aethiops']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32 associated with autoimmune activation is characteristic of @entity627 from childhood to adulthood. In recent decades, significant improvements in the treatment of these types of disease have been achieved using disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) and, more recently, using biologic inhibitors. The recent introduction of kinase inhibitors (for example, @entity16826 ; @entity38466 ) further increases the available ARDs. However, there are @entity1 that do not respond to any treatment strategies, for whom combination therapies are proposed. The data regarding the combined action of different drugs is lacking and the knowledge of the mechanisms of ARDs and their actions upon pathogenic lymphocytes, which are hypothesized to sustain disease, is poor. An in  vitro model of @entity32 was developed in the current study, in which stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes were cultured together, but tracked separately, to investigate the action of @entity6822 and Tofa on the two populations. By analysing lymphocyte proliferation and activation, and cytokine secretion in the culture supernatants, it was established that, due to the presence of activated cells, unstimulated cells underwent a bystander activation that was modulated by the ARDs. Additionally, varying administration schedules were demonstrated to affect lymphocytes differently in  vitro, either directly or via bystander activation. Furthermore, @entity6822 and Tofa exerted different effects; while @entity6822 showed an antiproliferative effect, Tofa marginally effected activation, although only a slight antiproliferative action, which could be potentiated by sequential treatment with @entity6822 . Thus, it was hypothesized that these differences may be exploited in sequential therapeutic strategies, to maximize the anti  -rheumatic effect. These findings are notable and must be accounted for, as bystander  -activated cells in  vivo could contribute to the spread of autoimmune activation and disease progression.

title: Action of @entity1499 and XXXX on directly stimulated and bystander-activated lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity16826 :: ('MESH:C479163', 'Chemical') :: ['tofacitinib']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity16826 :: (MESH:C479163,Chemical) :: ['tofacitinib']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity13108 ( @entity13108 ) gene of @entity958 condition a pleiotropic phenotype featuring defects in internode elongation, the homeotic conversion of internode to node tissue, and downward pointing flowers and pedicels. We have characterized five mutant alleles of @entity13108 , generated by EMS, fast neutrons, x-rays, and aberrant T-DNA insertion events. Curiously, all of these mutagens resulted in large deletions that range from 140 kbp to over 900 kbp just south of the centromere of chromosome 4. The breakpoints of these mutants were identified by employing inverse PCR and DNA sequencing. The south breakpoints of all alleles cluster in BAC T12G13, while the north breakpoint locations are scattered. With the exception of a microhomology at the bp-5 breakpoint, there is no homology in the junction regions, suggesting that double-stranded breaks are repaired via non-homologous end joining. Southwestern blotting demonstrated the presence of nuclear matrix binding sites in the south breakpoint cluster (SBC), which is A/T rich and possesses a variety of repeat sequences. In situ hybridization on pachytene chromosome spreads complemented the molecular analyses and revealed heretofore unrecognized structural variation between the Columbia and Landsberg erecta genomes. Data mining was employed to localize other large deletions around the @entity16606 locus to the SBC region and to show that chromatin modifications in the region shift from a heterochromatic to euchromatic profile. Comparisons between the @entity13108 / @entity16606 regions of A. lyrata and A. thaliana revealed that several chromosome rearrangement events have occurred during the evolution of these two genomes. Collectively, the features of the region are strikingly similar to the features of characterized metazoan chromosome fragile sites, some of which are associated with karyotype evolution.

title: Chromosome fragile sites in XXXX harbor matrix attachment regions that may be associated with ancestral chromosome rearrangement events.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) @entity2213 has revolutionized the treatment of @entity674 ( @entity674 ), most of which harbor oncogenic mutation in genes that encode the receptor @entity669 kinases @entity2467 or @entity6005 . @entity2213 is the standard of care for @entity1 with advanced @entity677 and for @entity1 with primary @entity677 at significant risk of recurrence after surgery. Design. This review discusses data supporting continuous kinase suppression with @entity2213 and key issues, including response to @entity2213 reintroduction, effect of treatment interruption on secondary resistance to @entity2213 , and prognostic factors associated with sustained response to @entity2213 . Results. Long-term follow-up results of the B2222 study and updated results of the BFR14 trial demonstrate that continuous @entity2213 treatment in @entity1 with advanced @entity677 is associated with reduced risk of progression. For @entity1 progressing on or intolerant of @entity2213 , continuing therapy with TKIs @entity2240 followed by @entity8486 is recommended. In the adjuvant setting, final results of the trial by the Scandinavian @entity242 Group and the @entity242 Group of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie demonstrate that 3 years of adjuvant @entity2213 , compared with 1 year, significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and improves overall survival of @entity1 with @entity2467 -positive @entity677 at high risk of recurrence. Conclusions. Maintenance of therapy with TKIs is the key to successful treatment of @entity677 . Results from recent studies provide a strong rationale for continuous @entity2213 treatment for 3 years following surgical resection and long-term continuous administration in advanced or metastatic @entity677 .

title: Optimizing XXXX kinase inhibitor therapy in @entity674 : exploring the benefits of continuous kinase suppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity8486 :: ('MESH:C559147', 'Chemical') :: ['regorafenib']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal cord stimulators (SCSs) are gaining increasing indications and utility in an expanding variety of clinical conditions. Complications and initial expenses have historically prevented the early use of @entity4886 therapy despite ongoing efforts to educate and promote its utilization. At present, there exists no literature evidence of @entity4886 implantation in a chronically anticoagulated @entity1 , and neuromodulation manufacturers are conspicuously silent in providing warnings or recommendations in the face of anticoagulant use chronically. It would appear as through these issues demand scrutiny and industry as well as neuromodulation society advocacy and support in terms of the provision of coherent guidelines on how to proceed. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 79-year-old male returned to the @entity922 with persistent @entity1643 and @entity13197 due to adjacent level degenerative @entity4720 and severe @entity612 . The @entity1 had a notable history of multiple comorbidities along with @entity955 requiring chronic anticoagulation. On initial presentation, he was educated with three choice of conservative medical therapy, intrathecal drug delivery system implantation, or additional lumbar decompression laminectomy with instrumented fusion of T10-L3 and a palliative surgical lead @entity4886 implantation. DESCRIPTION: A 79-year-old male returned to the @entity922 with persistent @entity1643 and @entity13197 due to adjacent level degenerative @entity4720 and severe @entity612 . The @entity1 had a notable history of multiple comorbidities along with @entity955 requiring chronic anticoagulation. On initial presentation, he was educated with three choice of conservative medical therapy, intrathecal drug delivery system implantation, or additional lumbar decompression laminectomy with instrumented fusion of T10-L3 and a palliative surgical lead @entity4886 implantation. CONCLUSION: Our literature search did not reveal any evidence of @entity4886 therapy among @entity1 with chronic anticoagulation. This case illustrated a complicated clinical case scenario wherein a percutaneous @entity4886 implantation would normally be contraindicated due to severe @entity612 and chronic anticoagulation which could lead to possible @entity912 or even a lethal consequences associated with the possible formation of a @entity4282 .

title: Are there a guidelines for implantable spinal cord stimulator therapy in @entity1 using chronic anticoagulation therapy? - A review of decision-making in the high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity13197 :: ('MESH:D010264', 'Disease') :: ['leg heaviness']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical clinic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adding subarachnoid @entity1338 (an alpha -agonist) prolongs the analgesic effect of the combination of @entity681 and isobaric @entity1341 when combined during labor @entity1337 . The aim of this study was to compare the quality and duration of the @entity1337 as well as the incidence of side-effects after the addition of subarachnoid @entity1338 to hyperbaric @entity1341 and @entity681 in a combined spinal-epidural @entity1337 during labor. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 , physical status ASA I in full-term pregnancy were studied. They randomly received the following in the subarachnoid space: @entity1338 , @entity681 and @entity1341 (n = 13) - referred to as the Clon/Sufenta/Bupi Group - wherein 2.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 was added to 2.5 microg of @entity681 and 30 microg of @entity1338 ; @entity681 and @entity1341 (n = 13) - referred to as the Sufenta/Bupi Group - wherein 2.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 was added to 2.5 microg of @entity681 . This was a double-blind study. Evaluations of @entity158 and side effects ( @entity390 , @entity391 , itching, low blood pressure and sedation) were conducted every five minutes for the first 15 minutes and after that, every 15 minutes up until the birth of the baby. @entity158 was evaluated using a visual analogic scale ranging from 0-10 cm (VAS 0 = absence of @entity158 and 10 = unbearable @entity158 ). The study was over whenever @entity14159 was found necessary ( @entity158 > 3 cm) or at the moment of birth. A Student t-test statistical analysis was performed and the results were significant (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean @entity158 scores at the times measured were similar for the Clon/Sufenta/Bupi and Sufenta/Bupi Groups respectively: 0 min (8.9 +/- 1.6/ 7.6 +/- 2.1), 5 min (3.4 +/- 2.3/ 2.3 +/- 3.1), 10 min (1.5 +/- 2.5/ 1.4 +/- 2.2) and 15 min (0.26 +/- 0.8/ 1.4 +/- 2.2). No differences between the Clon/Sufenta/Bupi and Sufenta/Bupi Groups, respectively, were observed regarding: the duration of the @entity1337 (58.8 +/- 32 min / 55.4 +/- 53 min), itching (4/13 and 4/12 @entity1 ), @entity390 (1/13 and 1/12 @entity1 ), @entity391 (1/13 and 0/12 @entity1 ) and low blood pressure (2/13 and 1/12 @entity1 ). The sedative effect of @entity1338 was not observed in any @entity1 . One @entity1 from the Sufenta/Bupi group was eliminated from the study because the anaesthesia failed to take effect after 15 minutues. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions observed in the study, adding a low dosage of @entity1338 when combined with a hyperbaric solution does not prolong the duration of the @entity1337 , does not improve the quality of the action and does not act as the determining factor for the occurence of low blood pressure or sedation.

title: [The effect of adding subarachnoid @entity1338 to hyperbaric XXXX and @entity681 during labor @entity1337 .].

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity14159 :: ('MESH:D015174', 'Disease') :: ['complementary epidural anasthesia']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is not considered to be uncommon in @entity1 anymore. The relationship between pulmonary function and severity of @entity4595 is still controversial. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the extent and severity of @entity4595 through high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan score, and to correlate it with clinical, microbiological, and functional data. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-three white @entity1 with HRCT-diagnosed @entity4595 were studied. Bronchiectasis extent, bronchial wall thickening severity, and bronchial wall dilatation severity were evaluated using the Reiff score. Clinical, microbiological, and spirometry results were related to total HRCT scan score and to subscores as well. RESULTS: The percentages of affected lobes were as follows: right lower lobe, 65%; middle lobe, 56%; left lower lobe, 51%; right upper lobe, 37%; lingula, 30%; and @entity1315 , 30% (chi(2) = 18.4; p = 0.002). The mean (+/- SEM) HRCT score was 20 +/- 2.6. Total score or subscores of @entity4595 extent, bronchial wall thickening severity, and bronchial wall dilatation severity were not significantly related to FEV(1) and FVC. Seventy-four percent of @entity1 had @entity565 . The age at the onset of cough correlated with age at the time of the HRCT scan (p = 0.004) and with the presence of @entity565 (p = 0.01). Positive findings of deep throat or sputum cultures were found more frequently in @entity1097 @entity1 (p = 0.02) and asthmatic (p < 0.01) @entity1 , and in @entity1 who were < 2 years of age at the onset of cough (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Normal lung function may coexist with @entity6127 and does not exclude damage to the bronchial structure. Pulmonary function is not an accurate method for assessing the severity of @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity4595 .

title: @entity358 , but normal lung function in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['left upper lobe']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['HRCT scan abnormalities']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Population-based data regarding @entity9440 causes are sparse. To systematically characterize histology and morphometry of @entity9440 , we performed a retrospective clinicopathological study of 254 @entity1 . METHODS: Our electronic data base was reviewed and all @entity9440 cases were morphologically, morphometrically and, where needed, molecularly analyzed. Clinical and follow-up data were gained by reviewing @entity1 charts. A formula to calculate splenic volume based on size was established and results were compared to the actual volumes. RESULTS: Ruptured spleens presented 0.1% of all gross surgical pathology specimens. Nearly 90% were due to @entity130 and approximately 10% were pathologic, being associated with underlying diseases (5% with unexpected diseases) such as @entity2695 , @entity738 , @entity1188 , hepatopathies, cysts, @entity548 diatheses, @entity1583 , @entity189 and @entity27955 . @entity1 were more often affected than @entity1 . Morphometric analysis showed distinct splenic weights, volumes and capsule thicknesses with respect to the different rupture causes. @entity397 were predominantly observed in elderly, male @entity1 with larger spleens. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9440 is due to an often unexpected underlying disease in approximately 10% of the cases. This should be kept in mind when dealing with susceptible @entity1 groups.

title: XXXX , beyond and behind: a histological, morphometric and follow-up study of 254 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity27955 :: ('MESH:C565687', 'Disease') :: ['collagenosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['splenic angiomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture', 'Splenic rupture']

answer: @entity9440 :: (MESH:D013161,Disease) :: ['Splenic rupture']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to prepare proliposomes of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) to increase its oral bioavailability. The proliposomes were prepared by spraying a solution of @entity870 , egg lecithin and cremophor EL in @entity1042 - @entity3636 mixture onto directly compressible @entity1132 (carrier) in a rotary evaporator. A dry free flowing powder of proliposomes was obtained. The dry proliposomal powder was characterized for surface morphology by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Then the proliposomes were hydrated with distilled water to produce liposomes, which were characterized for particle size distribution, % drug entrapment, and morphological characteristics by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The liposomes exhibited good entrapment of about 99%. The entrapment of @entity870 in liposomes was found to be dependent mainly on the drug:lipid ratio. Bioavailability studies were carried out for three different formulations of @entity870 i.e., free drug suspension; proliposomes derived liposomes and marketed formulation (Pannimun Bioral, Microemulsion) on male SD @entity35 . The results of bioavailability studies indicated that the difference in the mean drug concentration of the free drug and the liposomes was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05, p value is 0.032). The absorption constant for liposomal product was much greater (10.26 h(-1)) than for free drug solution (1.2 h(-1)) or the marketed sample of microemulsion (2.51 h(-1)) and the volume of distribution was found to be less for liposomes (7629.88 ml/kg) than that of the free drug solution (10971.92 ml/kg) and marketed microemulsion (9012.07 ml/kg). The results of these studies have shown that a stable proliposomal formulation of @entity870 for oral administration can be prepared which can be easily hydrated into liposomes from which @entity870 can exert its clinical effects with a better oral bioavailability.

title: Preparation, characterization and in vivo studies of proliposomes containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine A']


abstract: @entity137 and bioaccumulation of @entity39457 (D5) to Hyalella azteca was examined in a series of spiked sediment exposures. Juvenile H. azteca were exposed for 28d (chronic) to a concentration series of D5 in two natural sediments of differing organic @entity505 content (O.C.) and particle size composition. The chronic, LC50s were 191 and 857 gD5g(-1) dry weight for Lakes Erie (0.5% O.C.) and Restoule (11% O.C.) respectively. Inhibition of growth only occurred with the L. Restoule spiked sediment with a resultant EC25 of 821 gg(-1)dw. Lethality was a more sensitive endpoint than growth inhibition. Biota sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs, 28d) were <1 indicating that D5 did not bioconcentrate based on lipid normalized tissue concentrations and organic @entity505 normalized sediment concentrations. Organic @entity505 (OC) in the sediment appeared to be protective, however normalization to OC did not normalize the @entity137 . Normalization of D5 concentrations in the sediments to sand content did normalize the @entity137 and LC50 values of 3180 and 3570 g D5g(-1) sand dw were determined to be statistically the same.

title: @entity39457 (D5) spiked sediment: bioaccumulation and XXXX to the benthic invertebrate Hyalella azteca.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Chronic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39457 :: ('MESH:C114768', 'Chemical') :: ['decamethylcyclopentasiloxane']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report our experience with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Retrospective data were collected from January 1987 to December 2003. Clinical and histological data were analysed to identify recurrence patterns and factors predicting survival. The @entity5 were studied with respect to size, number of mitosis and cell type. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-five @entity1 were identified with @entity5 with the age range of 18-93 years (mean 64.4 years) with a mean follow up of 6.7 years. Eighty out of 185 @entity1 were in the low group, 38/185 in intermediate risk and 67/185 were in the high risk group. Eighty-three percent of the @entity1 underwent surgical resection. Ten percent of the @entity1 in the intermediate group and 25% of the @entity1 in high risk group developed recurrence. Mortality was 5% and 37% in intermediate and high risk groups, respectively. There was no @entity5 related mortality or recurrence in the low risk group. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to identify the @entity1 in low and high risk groups. @entity1 in intermediate and high risk groups require complete resection (R0) and follow up with CT scans.

title: XXXX ( @entity5 ) - 17 years experience from Mid Trent Region (United Kingdom).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'tumours', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumours', 'GIST', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumours']


abstract: Sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) isolated in 40 @entity1 of @entity0 (stage T(1)/T(2)) were evaluated intraoperatively by imprint cytology and frozen section. Rapid immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done in cases where both imprint smears and frozen sections were negative for any @entity3 deposits. The results of these different techniques were compared with postoperative paraffin sections taken as "Gold Standard." Nottingham modification of Bloom Richardson scoring system was used for grading the @entity5 . Further, the correlation of the SLN status with @entity5 size, grade, and @entity3 was studied. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of imprint cytology were 91.7, 100, and 95% respectively, and those of the frozen section were 95.8, 100, and 97.5% respectively. Examination of multiple serial sections improved the sensitivity and overall accuracy of frozen section. Results of intraoperative rapid IHC were equivalent to final @entity982 sections. Histological grade and @entity3 were in direct correlation with SLN @entity3 (P < 0.05). The risk of @entity3 increased from 22.2% in grade I @entity5 to 85.7% in @entity5 . SLN biopsy is a reliable method to evaluate the status of the axillary lymph nodes. Imprint cytology can be used reliably where the facility of frozen section is not available.

title: Intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in XXXX by imprint cytology, frozen section and rapid immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grade III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: To report a @entity1 with unrecognized small macular @entity320 , who gradually developed @entity2297 that was treated with an Ahmed valve. We presume that @entity5 cells gained access to the orbit through this aqueous drainage device. METHODS: The medical records pertaining to 5 different centers, the results of imaging studies, the clinical course of the @entity1 and histopathological findings were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A 61-year-old @entity1 presented with a blind and @entity3856 . @entity5861 had been suspected 3 years earlier and followed accordingly thereafter. Yearly performed MRI studies demonstrated the steady growth of the @entity548 . Meanwhile, he developed @entity2297 first treated unsuccessfully with cyclocryotherapy then with implantation of an Ahmed valve. Right proptosis became evident within a year, and a final MRI study revealed a large retrobulbar mass. Orbital exenteration was performed and histopathological examination showed intraocular and orbital epithelioid cell @entity320 . @entity5 cells were also found within the reservoir of the Ahmed valve. The @entity1 died of widespread metastases 1 year later. CONCLUSIONS: Ahmed valve implantation in an eye with unsuspected macular @entity320 may ultimately be associated with extraocular extension and @entity5 formation.

title: Orbital Extension of an Unsuspected XXXX Presumably through an Aqueous Tube Shunt.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesion/tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'orbital tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['painful proptotic right eye']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Choroidal Melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The presence or absence of a @entity899 -dependent apoptosis response has previously been shown to greatly influence radiosensitivity in @entity5 cells. Here, we examine clonogenic survival curves for two genetically related oncogene transformed cell lines differing in the presence or absence of @entity899 and apoptosis. @entity5 radiosensitivity patterns have been previously described for these lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oncogene-transformed fibroblasts derived from E1A + Ras transfection of @entity899 -wild-type or @entity899 -null @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts were plated as single cells and irradiated at increasing radiation doses in single fractions from 1.5 to 11 Gy. Clonogenic cell survival assays were obtained. Survival data are fit to a linear-quadratic relationship: S = e(-alphaD-betaD2). Apoptosis was assessed and quantitated morphologically by staining with the fluorescent nuclear dye DAPI, by TUNEL assay for DNA fragmentation, and by measurement of apoptotic @entity462 protease cleavage activity in cytosolic extracts. RESULTS: Whereas radiation triggers massive apoptosis in the presence of @entity899 , it produces no measurable DNA fragmentation, apoptotic @entity462 protease cleavage activity, or morphological changes of apoptosis in the cells lacking @entity899 . These contrasting mechanisms of @entity204 display dramatically different quantitative behavior: log-survival of apoptotic cells is linearly proportional to dose (S = e(-alphaD)), whereas survival of non-apoptotic ( @entity899 null) is linear-quadratic with a significant quadratic contribution. The surviving fraction at 2 Gy ( @entity29174 ) for @entity899 -null cells was 70% verses 12% for @entity899 -intact cells. CONCLUSIONS: In this system, apoptosis appears to exhibit a dominance of single-event which produces a very high alpha/beta ratio, and no significant shoulder; whereas non-apoptotic @entity204 in this system exhibits a comparatively small linear component, a low alpha/beta ratio, and a larger shoulder.

title: Distinct mathematical behavior of apoptotic versus non-apoptotic XXXX cell @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid tumor', 'tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity296 ( @entity296 ) is a debilitating disease characterized by a stiff heart with @entity67 . Mutations in @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) were identified as causal for @entity296 . Acute genetic engineering of adult cardiac myocytes was used to identify primary structure/function effects of mutant @entity6949 . Studies focused on @entity40260 @entity6949 owing to the poor prognosis of this allele. Compared with wild-type @entity6949 , @entity40260 mutant @entity6949 more effectively incorporated into the sarcomere, where it exerted dose-dependent effects on basal and dynamic contractile function. Under loaded conditions, permeabilized myocyte @entity141 sensitivity of tension was increased, whereas the passive tension-extension relationship was not altered by @entity40260 @entity6949 . Normal rod-shaped myocyte morphology acutely transitioned to a "short-squat" phenotype in concert with progressive stoichiometric incorporation of @entity40260 in the absence of altered diastolic @entity141 . The specific @entity3999 inhibitor @entity12602 fully blocked this transition. Heightened @entity141 buffering by the @entity40260 myofilaments, and not alterations in @entity141 handling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, slowed the decay rate of the @entity141 transient. Incomplete mechanical relaxation conferred by @entity40260 was exacerbated at increasing pacing frequencies independent of elevated diastolic @entity141 . @entity40260 @entity6949 -dependent mechanical tone caused acute remodeling to a quasicontracted state not elicited by other @entity141 -sensitizing proteins and is a direct correlate of the stiff heart characteristic of @entity296 in vivo. These results point toward targets downstream of @entity141 handling, notably thin filament regulation and actin- @entity3999 interaction, in designing therapeutic strategies to redress the primary cell morphological and mechanical underpinnings of @entity296 .

title: Thin filament disinhibition by @entity296 mutant @entity40260 troponin I induces XXXX -independent mechanical tone and acute myocyte remodeling.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['RCM', 'Inherited restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity12602 :: ('MESH:C472645', 'Chemical') :: ['blebbistatin']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['impaired ventricular relaxation']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: Objective. We aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) as an adjunctive therapy on in-hospital mortality in @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ). Methods. We did a systematic review of articles published in any language up until @entity1178 23, 2015, by searching PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CBM, and CNKI. We included all RCTs that compared outcomes of @entity1 with @entity810 taking @entity1058 plus @entity34 ( @entity34 ) with those taking @entity34 alone. We applied Cochrane risk-of-bias tool to assess the methodological quality of the included trials. Results. Of 832 citations, 15 studies involving 966 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was assessed with unclear risk of bias. In the primary outcome of meta-analysis, pooled outcome of in-hospital mortality showed that @entity1 randomly assigned to @entity1058 treatment group were associated with low risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those randomly assigned to @entity34 alone (RR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.71; P = 0.001). Conclusions. @entity1058 as an adjunctive therapy is associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with @entity34 in @entity1 with @entity810 . Further studies with high quality and large sample size are needed to verify our conclusions.

title: Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicine as an Adjunctive Therapy on in-Hospital Mortality in XXXX with @entity810 : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['CHM', 'Chinese herbal medicine']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['WT', 'Western treatment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Background: @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) is the most common type of @entity259 whereas mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 is uncommon. Simultaneous occurrence of both disease entities is very rare. @entity1 findings: A 59-year-old male with known @entity1375 from @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) was seen for thyroid nodules. A thyroid ultrasound revealed a heterogeneous thyroid gland with two hypoechoic nodules, one in the right aspect of the isthmus measuring 2.0 x 3.2 x 1.7 cm and another one in the left lobe measuring 1.4 x 1.3 x 1.2 cm. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the right-sided nodule revealed atypical epithelial cells and atypical lymphoid cells in a background of @entity1669 ; FNA of the left-sided nodule showed findings of @entity3557 . A total thyroidectomy was performed. Lymph node dissection was not performed. Pathology showed extra nodal marginal zone @entity1892 of MALT type with extreme plasmacytic differentiation in the right nodule and @entity3557 in the left nodule (pT1b Nx Mx). Post-operatively, he underwent radioactive @entity1496 ablation treatment. There was only minimal neck uptake on the post-treatment scan. Further work-up did not show any evidence of extra- @entity706 . Seven years after the surgery the @entity1 has no evidence of recurrence of either @entity5 . Summary: @entity3557 is the most prevalent @entity259 and has an excellent prognosis. Primary @entity706 is rare and accounts for less than 5% of all @entity259 . Among the primary @entity706 , @entity1074 tends to have a more indolent course and a better prognosis. @entity3557 and @entity1074 have been associated with @entity2621 . FNA has been validated in several studies for the diagnosis of @entity1074 ; however distinguishing @entity1074 from @entity2621 remains a challenge due to their histological similarities. Treatment of @entity1074 remains controversial; however surgery is generally accepted in the early-stage @entity1074 as was performed in the present case. Conclusion: Since @entity2621 is associated with @entity3557 and @entity1074 , @entity1 with @entity2621 deserve careful surveillance for both disease entities. In our @entity1 , the management of one @entity5 did not affect the management of the other and the prognosis did not seem to be affected.

title: Co-occurrence of XXXX and Primary @entity706 in a @entity1 with Long-standing @entity2621 .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid lymphoma', 'thyroidal lymphoma', 'thyroid lymphomas', 'lymphoma of the thyroid gland']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). @entity17482 ( @entity17482 / @entity17482 ; Novartis and Schering AG) inhibits receptor @entity4149 kinases of @entity7 , platelet derived growth factor and @entity2467 . We examined whether @entity17482 induces hematological responses in @entity2590 and/or delays progression to @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) or @entity204 . METHODS: Two cohorts were studied. @entity17482 1250 mg orally was given once daily (cohort 1) or 750-1250 mg once daily in an intra- @entity1 dose escalating schedule (cohort 2) in 28-day cycles to 155 @entity1 with @entity2590 ; 142 @entity1 were evaluable for response and 153 for @entity137 . RESULTS: The median age was 70.5 years; 51 % had low risk (International Prognostic Scoring System {IPSS} Low/Intermediate-1) and 32 % had high risk (IPSS Intermediate-2/High) @entity2590 . Hematological improvement was achieved in 7/142 (5 %) @entity1 ; all 7 were among the 47 @entity1 able to remain on @entity17482 for at least 3 months (hematological improvement achieved in 15 % of these 47 @entity1 ). For @entity1 with low risk and high risk @entity2590 , respectively, median progression-free survivals were 15 and 6 months, median times to transformation to @entity3052 were 28 and 6 months, and median overall survivals were 36 and 10 months. The most frequent non-hematological adverse events grade >=  2 were @entity1295 , @entity390 or @entity391 , @entity1296 , @entity448 , @entity2055 , @entity294 , and @entity158 . Two deaths (one @entity1779 and one @entity944 ) were possibly related to @entity17482 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity17482 induces improvement in blood counts in a small proportion of @entity2590 @entity1 . Clinical applicability is limited by side effects.

title: A phase II study of the oral @entity7 receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity17482 ( @entity17482 / XXXX ) in @entity2590 : Cancer and Leukemia Group B study 10105 (Alliance).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intra-cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity17482 :: (MESH:C404768,Chemical) :: ['ZK222584']


abstract: A 320-row multidetector CT provides the capability for prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated coronary CT angiography (CTA) and tube current modulated cardiac function assessment ( @entity3795 ). We assessed and compared the effective radiation dose of these two modes. On a prospective basis, we performed ECG-gated cardiac CT on 119 @entity1 (87 were males). For heart rates (HRs) </=65 beats/min (bpm), we used one-heartbeat acquisition and half-scan reconstruction. HRs from 66 to 79 bpm and >/=80 bpm were scanned with either two or three heartbeats acquisitions, respectively. We used two types of scans. One type was based on a prospective ECG-gated CTA mode and the other using a tube current modulated @entity3795 mode covering an entire R-R interval. The mean BMI of @entity1 was 25.4 (range 18.8-49.3). Fifty-one @entity1 (42.9 %) underwent @entity3795 scanning, while the remaining 68 (57.1 %) had CTA. The majority of @entity1 completed the scan in a single heartbeat (59.7 %). The mean dose of CTA mode at 65-85 % phase window for one and two heartbeats was 3.68 @entity2073 (2.40-7.23) and 8.61 @entity2073 (6.76-10.60), respectively. The mean dose of @entity3795 mode for a single heartbeat measurement with dose modulation (25 % dose for @entity3795 , and 100 % dose during 65-85 % phase window for CTA) was 6.32 @entity2073 (4.69-8.89). CTA with prospective ECG-gating allows for acceptable image quality and radiation dose. HR reduction is mandatory to minimize radiation exposure. Global left ventricle function can be assessed with a single heartbeat within an acceptable radiation dose.

title: Radiation dose exposure of XXXX undergoing 320-row cardiac CT for assessing coronary angiography and global left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have developed a kinetic model for aqueous-phase production of @entity37118 from @entity413 using a homogeneous acid catalyst. The proposed model shows a good fit with experimental data collected in this study in a batch reactor. The model was also fitted to steady-state data obtained in a plug flow reactor (PFR) and a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The kinetic model consists of four key steps: (1) @entity413 dehydration to form @entity34748 ( @entity31865 ); (2) @entity413 reversion/degradation reactions to produce humins (highly polymerized insoluble carbonaceous species); (3) @entity31865 rehydration to form @entity37118 and @entity5189 ; and (4) @entity31865 degradation to form humins. We use our model to predict the optimal reactor design and operating conditions for @entity31865 and @entity37118 production in a continuous reactor system. Higher temperatures (180-200   C) and shorter reaction times (less than 1 min) are essential to maximize the @entity31865 content. In contrast, relatively low temperatures (140-160   C) and longer residence times (above 100 min) are essential for maximum @entity37118 yield. We estimate that a maximum @entity31865 @entity505 yield of 14% can be obtained in a PFR at 200   C and a reaction time of 10 s. @entity37118 can be produced at 57% @entity505 yield (68% of the theoretical yield) in a PFR at 149   C and a residence time of 500 min. A system of two consecutive PFR reactors shows a higher performance than a PFR and CSTR combination. However, compared to a single PFR, there is no distinct advantage to implement a system of two consecutive reactors.

title: Kinetics and reaction engineering of XXXX production from aqueous @entity413 solutions.

entities_list: @entity34748 :: ('MESH:C008046', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxymethylfurfural']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

entities_list: @entity37118 :: ('MESH:C032246', 'Chemical') :: ['Levulinic acid', 'levulinic acid']

answer: @entity37118 :: (MESH:C032246,Chemical) :: ['levulinic acid']


abstract: Two major categories of @entity631 ( @entity631 ) designated type 1 and 2 @entity631 are currently recognized, largely on the basis of characteristic morphologic and immunofluorescence features. In contrast to experience reported from outside the United States, type 2 @entity631 has been observed rather infrequently in this country. In a retrospective clinicopathologic study, 24 kidney specimens obtained from 10 @entity1 and young adults including seven females and three males (mean age: 13 years) with type 2 @entity631 were identified using light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. The histopathologic findings were related to the clinical course of each @entity1 . When initially seen all @entity1 had @entity811 and @entity644 , three were @entity1985 , and five were mildly @entity101 . A single @entity1 was mildly azotemic. Eight @entity1 had experienced an upper respiratory ifnection preceding their illness, although only one @entity1 had evidence of a @entity883 . During a period of follow-up averaging 10 years, eight @entity1 were @entity1985 at some time during their illness and seven were persistently so. @entity101 was a major problem in eight @entity1 and renal function declined markedly within a year of its onset in five. Persistence of the @entity1985 from early onset of the disease, especially when associated with @entity101 , was an additional sign of poor prognosis. Four @entity1 developed @entity177 and three received one or more renal allografts. Histologic evidence of recurrent disease was found in allografts from the three @entity1 as early as 7 months after transplantation in the absence of clinical features indicative of recurrent @entity631 . It is concluded that type 2 @entity631 is a chronic progressive @entity8 of unknown etiology and pathogenesis which chiefly afflicts @entity1 and young adults. @entity101 and the early and persistent presence of the @entity1985 suggest a poor prognosis. The disease appears to be largely unresponsive to conventional forms of therapy. The disease recurs with great frequency in allografts, often in the absence of clinical evidence of recurrent @entity631 .

title: XXXX with dense intramembranous alterations. A clinicopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['MPGN', 'glomerulonephritis', 'membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Behavioral approaches have been found to be effective in managing @entity2794 . Recently, attention has been given to the role of exercise in @entity2794 management, although much of the literature addresses it as a monotherapy. The current review assesses the effectiveness of exercise as an adjunct to other behavioral treatments for @entity2794 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the methodology and outcomes of studies using @entity146 interventions with an aerobic exercise component. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted on PubMed and PsychInfo to identify studies that offered or recommended aerobic exercise as part of a multicomponent treatment for @entity10 . The search included only those articles that were written in English and published in academic journals. RESULTS: Nine studies met inclusion criteria, of which 2 were randomized controlled trials. Despite methodological limitations, results of existing studies suggest that the @entity146 interventions that include aerobic exercise may be associated with positive outcomes for @entity10 variables. Four single-group studies reported statistically significant improvements in at least 1 @entity10 variable at the end of treatment. Both randomized controlled trials and 1 non-randomized trial reported statistically significant post-treatment improvement in at least 1 @entity10 outcome variable in the intervention group compared with control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating exercise into @entity146 treatments appears to be promising, but as studies to date have not evaluated the individual contribution of exercise, its role in managing @entity10 symptoms is unclear. Further work is needed to evaluate the unique role of exercise in such treatment programs. Recommendations for future research include adhering to published guidelines for clinical trial design and reporting, adhering to existing guidelines for @entity10 research (such as reporting outcome data for multiple @entity10 variables), developing exercise prescriptions based on public health recommendations, and reporting all aspects of exercise prescriptions.

title: A systematic review of XXXX interventions with an aerobic exercise component.

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral headache']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral headache']


abstract: Age is the single most important risk factor for progressive @entity303 in populations worldwide. In developed countries the prevalence of @entity303 is estimated to be 3-5% at age 65 years and expected to double every decade thereafter. Although there is ageing-related attrition of neural tissue accompanied by profound changes in brain glia, marked @entity528 and severe @entity73 are associated with pathological changes. Accelerated somatic ageing of the vasculature comprising endothelial and smooth muscle cells and slowed glial replacement are also likely to pre-dispose to degenerative processes. Approximately 90% of @entity1 with late-onset @entity303 have neuropathological features of @entity195 ( @entity195 ), @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ), or @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ), alone or in combination. Both @entity195 and @entity1832 reveal @entity527 . @entity3072 evident as tau pathology are much reduced in @entity1832 where symptoms may be more related to cholinergic transmitter abnormalities than structural pathology. Depletion of brain @entity934 is also encountered in @entity1294 , which like @entity195 and @entity1832 may respond to cholinergic therapy. Cerebrovascular pathology, @entity75 resulting in @entity1779 appears fundamental in the pathogenesis of late-onset @entity303 . The @entity2204 allele, a major genetic susceptibility factor for @entity195 also associated with @entity65 , may contribute to neurodegenerative changes through vascular mechanisms. The interrelationships of these multiple substrates of late-onset @entity303 have major implications for neuroprotective and disease slowing therapies. Measures that improve cardiovascular function and increase brain perfusion would be useful to attenuate @entity73 .

title: Multiple substrates of late-onset XXXX : implications for brain protection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['extensive amyloid beta deposition within senile plaques']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E epsilon 4']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VaD']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic brain damage and neurovascular instability']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular pathology']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: In 1999 the Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG) and the Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement (CBO) published revisions of their guidelines on @entity293 . Contrary to previous editions, the revised guidelines agree on most points, but not all. To diagnose a @entity293 in non-pregnant @entity1 with @entity3833 , the NHG guideline advises a @entity3542 test and a dip-slide culture if the @entity3542 test is negative. Although the dip-slide improves the diagnostic accuracy, a considerable number of @entity1 have to wait at least 24 hours before therapy is given. The diagnostic approach of the CBO guideline uses only rapidly available test results, with the consequence that some @entity1 are treated despite not having an infection. The NHG guideline advocates the use of @entity115 or @entity6616 for pregnant @entity1 . @entity115 is a questionable choice given that about 30% of isolates are resistant to it. @entity6616 is in theory a correct choice. However, it is not registered for the treatment of complicated @entity293 . In the CBO guideline @entity115 - @entity798 is considered to be sufficiently safe for the treatment of pregnant @entity1 because most @entity293 occur after the first trimester.

title: [The Dutch College of General Practitioners' guideline on XXXX : response from the viewpoint of internal medicine].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrofurantoin', 'nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin', 'amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This work examines the trend in @entity28 and @entity1144 in the Spanish population aged 60 years and over during the first decade of the 21st century. METHODS: We analyze data from a representative study of the Spanish population aged 60 years and older conducted in 2000-2001 and from the Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain (ENRICA) conducted in 2008-2010. RESULTS: In @entity1 , the distribution of BMI did not vary in the period 2000-2010. In contrast, in @entity1 there was a reduction in both mean BMI--from 29.3 to 28.8 kg/m2--and the prevalence of @entity28 --from 40.8 to 36.3%. This decline was greatest in @entity1 aged 60-69 years. In @entity1 , no significant changes were observed in mean waist circumference (WC) or in the prevalence of @entity1144 . In contrast, WC decreased by 3.6 cm and @entity1144 prevalence by 12.7% in @entity1 . The decline was greatest in @entity1 aged 60-69 years, in whom mean WC decreased by 5.1 cm and @entity1144 prevalence by 18.6%. CONCLUSION: These findings show that the frequency of @entity28 has begun to decline in Spanish @entity1 aged 60 and over. The causes of this decline are unclear.

title: Trends in XXXX and @entity1144 in the older adult population of Spain (2000-2010).

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recurrent and complex high @entity292 remain a surgical challenge. This paper reports our experience with the @entity9292 plug in @entity1 with complex @entity292 . METHODS: Data were collected prospectively and analyzed from consecutive @entity1 undergoing insertion of a @entity292 plug from January 2011 through April 2014 at Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital in Tehran. We ensured that @entity295 had been eradicated in all @entity1 prior to placement of the plug. During surgery, a conical shaped collagen plug was pulled through the @entity292 tract. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were included in this case study. All @entity1 had previously undergone failed surgical therapy to cure their @entity292 and had previously-placed Setons. There were eight males and four females with an average age of 44 who were treated for complex @entity292 . At a median time of follow-up of 22.7 months, 10 of the 12 @entity1 had healed (83.3%). One @entity1 developed an abscess that was noted on the sixth postoperative day, and there was one recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Fistula plugs are effective for the long-term closure of complex anal @entity292 . Success of treatment with the @entity292 plug depends on the eradication of @entity295 prior to plug placement.

title: Treating XXXX with the @entity9292 plug: case series report of 12 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity9292 :: (MESH:D012003,Disease) :: ['anal fistula']