abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study compared the effects of sequential @entity1499 and @entity1487 followed by leucovorin rescue (MFL), as an adjuvant chemotherapy vs. UFT (a combination of @entity5537 and tegafur), on @entity1 survival and recurrence following surgery for advanced @entity356 . METHODS: Between July 1990 and June 1998, a total of 54 @entity1 with advanced @entity356 were treated postoperatively by adjuvant chemotherapy using MFL or UFT. Surgical treatment was performed according to standardized procedures for radical resection of @entity356 . The @entity1 were stratified into two groups following surgery. The MFL regimen consisted of @entity1499 (100 mg/m2) and @entity1487 (600 mg/m2) at hour 3, followed by leucovorin rescue. The oral UFT (375 mg/m2/day), a combination of tegafur and @entity5537 in a molar ratio of 1:4, was continued for 3 years or longer depending on the @entity1 tolerance. RESULTS: In stage 3 @entity356 , the overall survival rates following surgery was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the MFL than the UFT group. Difference in disease free survival was not statistically significant between the groups. Recurrence rates showed a trend (p = 0.08) to decrease in the MFL than the UFT group. In stage 4 @entity356 , no significant difference was obtained in the overall survival rates between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggested the superiority of MFL treatment for improving postoperative survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 , in particular for those @entity1 with a high risk of recurrence following potential curative resection. In @entity1 with stage 4 @entity356 , however, MFL treatment showed similar effects as UFT on the postsurgical survival of the @entity1 .

title: Postsurgical sequential @entity1499 , @entity1487 , and leucovorin for stages 3 and 4 XXXX : A preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify an optical coherence tomography (OCT) pattern predictive of visual outcome in @entity1 with @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) who underwent a single dose of intravitreal @entity2713 . DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis with prospective data collection for controls. @entity1 : Ninety-three cases and 25 controls. METHODS: Two independent masked observers retrospectively examined preoperative macular OCTs of 93 eyes of 93 @entity1 who were given a single dose (4 mg in 0.1 ml) of intravitreal @entity2713 for @entity1103 and categorized them as belonging to 2 groups: 1, comprised of eyes with high reflectivity (bright colors) from inner retinal layers, and 2, comprised of eyes that had low reflectivity (darker colors) from inner retinal layers. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (VA) and macular thickness measured by OCT were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 and 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Optical coherence tomographic appearance of inner retinal layers. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed 3 months of follow-up. In group 1, 45 of 51 eyes (88%) experienced visual improvement of > or =2 lines on an Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) chart at 1 month of follow-up. Forty-four of 51 @entity1 (86%) experienced visual improvement of > or =2 lines on an ETDRS chart at 3 months of follow-up. In group 2, 18 of 42 @entity1 (43%) experienced visual improvement of > or =1 lines on an ETDRS chart at 1 and 3 months of follow-up. For the remaining @entity1 , VA remained unchanged during the postoperative course of 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in whom OCT demonstrated the high reflectivity of inner retinal layers achieved greater VA though macular thickness decreased significantly after intravitreal @entity2713 in both groups. It may be hypothesized that a lower optical reflectivity of inner retinal layers is related to the @entity989 , thus resulting in a failure of VA recovery in these @entity1 . The level of reflectivity from inner retinal layers on OCT may provide objective criteria in predicting the response of @entity1103 to intravitreal @entity2713 and help in preoperative counseling of @entity1 with @entity1103 .

title: Optical coherence tomographic pattern may predict visual outcome after intravitreal XXXX for @entity1103 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the inner retinal layers']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: We noninvasively monitored the partial pressure of @entity26 ( @entity4095 ) in @entity35 's small intestine using a model of chronic @entity5327 by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry over a 7-day period. The particulate probe @entity50776 ( @entity50777 ) was embedded into the @entity26 permeable material @entity13768 by cast-molding and polymerization (Oxy-Chip). A one-time surgical procedure was performed to place the Oxy-Chip on the outer wall of the small intestine (SI). The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was banded to ~30% of blood flow for experimental @entity35 . Noninvasive measurement of @entity4095 was performed at the baseline for control @entity35 or immediate post-banding and on days 1, 3, and 7. The SI @entity4095 for control @entity35 remained stable over the 7-day period. The @entity4095 on day-7 was 54.5    0.9 mmHg (mean    SE). SMA-banded @entity35 were significantly different from controls with a noted reduction in @entity4095 post banding with a progressive decline to a final @entity4095 of 20.9    4.5 mmHg (mean    SE; p = 0.02). All SMA-banded @entity35 developed adhesions around the Oxy-Chip, yet remained asymptomatic. The @entity519 marker Hypoxyprobe    was used to validate the low tissue @entity4095 . Brown cytoplasmic staining was consistent with @entity519 . Mild brown staining was noted predominantly on the villus tips in control animals. SMA-banded @entity35 had an extended region of @entity519 involvement in the villus with a higher intensity of cytoplasmic staining. Deep @entity528 and connective tissue both within layers and in the mesentery were noted. SMA-banded @entity35 with lower @entity4095 values had a higher intensity of staining. Thus, monitoring SI @entity4095 using the probe Oxy-Chip provides a valid measure of tissue oxygenation. Tracking @entity4095 in conditions that produce chronic @entity5327 will contribute to our understanding of intestinal tissue oxygenation and how changes impact symptom evolution and the trajectory of @entity102 .

title: Noninvasive monitoring of small intestinal @entity26 in a XXXX model of chronic @entity5327 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity50776 :: ('MESH:C487013', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium octa-n-butoxynaphthalocyanine']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethyl siloxane']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['brown stainings of the enteric nervous system neurons']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1126 present a therapeutic challenge because of different histologies, @entity5 locations, and resectabilities. The goal of our study was to identify prognostic factors to better delineate therapeutic options. Forty @entity1 (30 males and 10 females) diagnosed with @entity1126 , treated between 1985 and 1996, at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles were retrospectively reviewed. Three prognostically significant variables were identified: @entity5 histology, @entity5 location, and resection. Papillary histology was the most significant determinant of long-term survival. Of six @entity1 with @entity4937 , four @entity1 (67%) underwent resection, with all four achieving long-term survival. Lower-third lesions also demonstrated a survival advantage. Four out of 12 (33%) lower-third @entity5 were resected, with a median survival of 36 months. Irrespective of @entity5 histology or @entity5 location, @entity5 resection always afforded longer survival times than did palliative treatments. A prognostic classification system based on weighted values of significant variables is presented that accurately predicted long-term survival. In conclusion, bile duct @entity5 in general are incurable, except perhaps for a small subset of @entity1 with @entity4937 . Papillary histology is the most significant determinant of ultimate survival and cure. A multifunctional prognostic classification system can be helpful for this perplexing disease.

title: Prognosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancer', 'Bile duct carcinomas']

answer: @entity1126 :: (MESH:D001650,Disease) :: ['bile duct carcinoma']


abstract: @entity334 ( @entity2830 ) is a monomer used extensively in the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, and rubber. In previous assessments conducted by IARC and the EPA, @entity2830 was classified as a probable @entity1 carcinogen based on limited evidence in @entity1 and sufficient evidence in laboratory animals. Specifically, EPA had determined that there was an association between @entity2830 exposure and @entity2 based on a study by O'Berg (1980, J. Occup. @entity44768 , 245-252). However, a follow-up of this cohort (O'Berg et al., 1985, J. Occup. @entity44769 , 835-840) shows no statistically significant excess of @entity2 mortality or incidence. Our evaluation of the more recent @entity1 database taken as a whole shows that there is not a clear association between @entity2830 exposure and @entity1 @entity5 , yet the studies have insufficient power to be able to rule out a small increase. In @entity35 , however, @entity2830 has been shown to be clearly carcinogenic by the oral and inhalation routes. Applying the methodology of @entity8393 's proposed 1996 @entity5 risk assessment guidelines to the @entity35 @entity5 data, the estimated upper bound on the excess lifetime risk at continuous exposure to 1 microgram/m3 @entity2830 is calculated to be in the range of 8.2 x 10(-6) to 1.1 x 10(-5).

title: @entity334 : a reevaluation of the database to support an inhalation XXXX risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'laboratory rats']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity334 :: ('MESH:D000181', 'Chemical') :: ['Acrylonitrile']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the sensibility and specificity of a new assay in the diagnosis of @entity788 and predictability of resection rates. In addition, the serum CA19-9 levels was utilised as a prognostic indicator. METHODOLOGY: Serum expression of the @entity5 marker CA 19-9 was studied in 2119 @entity1 . RESULTS: The discriminating capacity of CA 19-9 between benign and @entity5 was high, especially in @entity1 with @entity788 (n = 347). The sensitivity of CA 19-9 was 85%. In @entity1 who were Lewis blood type positive, the sensitivity increased to 92%. The CA 19-9 levels were significantly lower in @entity1 with resectable @entity5 (n = 126) than in those with unresectable @entity5 (n = 221, p < 0.0001) (sensitivity 74% versus 90%). The CA 19-9 levels dropped sharply after resection but normalized only in 29%, 13%, and 10% of @entity1 with stage I, II, and III, respectively. In unresectable @entity5 , no significant decrease in CA 19-9 levels after laparotomy or bypass was found. Among @entity1 with the same @entity5 stage, the median survival time of those whose CA 19-9 levels returned to normal after resection was significantly longer than those with postoperative CA 19-9 levels that decreased but did not return to normal (stage I: 33 versus 11.3 months; stage II: 41 versus 8.6 months; stage III: 28 versus 10.8 months). In @entity1 with recurrent disease, 88% had an obvious rise in CA 19-9 levels. CONCLUSION: CA 19-9 measurement is a simple test which can be used for diagnostic purposes, as well as the prediction of resectability, survival rate after surgery, and the potential for recurrence.

title: Prognostic value of CA 19-9 serum course in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The mutation load in @entity320 is generally high compared with other @entity5 types due to extensive @entity16 . Translation of exome sequencing data into clinically relevant information is therefore challenging. This study sought to characterize mutations identified in primary cutaneous @entity320 and correlate these with clinicopathologic features. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: DNA was extracted from 34 fresh-frozen primary cutaneous @entity320 and matched peripheral blood. @entity5 histopathology was reviewed by two dermatopathologists. Exome sequencing was conducted and mutation rates were correlated with age, sex, @entity5 site, and histopathologic variables. Differences in mutations between categories of @entity2652 , pigmentation, and @entity817 / @entity8497 mutational status were investigated. RESULTS: The average mutation rate was 12 per megabase, similar to published results in @entity3 . The average mutation rate in severely sun damaged (SSD) skin was 21 per Mb compared with 3.8 per Mb in non-SSD skin (P=0.001). @entity817 / @entity8497 wild-type (WT) @entity5 had a higher average mutation rate compared with @entity817 / @entity8497 -mutant @entity5 (27 vs. 5.6 mutations per Mb; P=0.0001). Tandem CC>TT/GG>AA mutations comprised 70% of all dinucleotide substitutions and were more common in @entity5 arising in SSD skin (P=0.0008) and in @entity817 / @entity8497 @entity5 (P=0.0007). Targetable and potentially targetable mutations in @entity5 , including @entity1265 , KIT, and @entity125 , were spread over various signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: @entity320 arising in SSD skin have higher mutation loads and contain a spectrum of molecular subtypes compared with @entity817 - and @entity8497 -mutant @entity5 indicating multigene screening approaches and combination therapies may be required for management of these @entity1 .

title: @entity817 / @entity8497 wild-type XXXX have a high mutation load correlating with histologic and molecular signatures of @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['solar elastosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor', 'WT tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['UV damage']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'Melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right ventricular function may be reduced in @entity1 with @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ). The prognostic implications of right @entity67 have not been investigated in this group of @entity1 . METHODS: In a series of 120 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1000 [defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 55%, normal coronary arteries and no other causes for @entity1002 ], right ventricular function was prospectively evaluated by means of angiocardiography at the time of catheterization. A head-to-head comparison of ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, end-diastolic pressure, @entity64 work index and end-systolic pressure/volume ratio of the left and right ventricle was performed according to the Cox's proportional hazard method for the pre-defined end-point of transplant-free survival. RESULTS: In the study population, LVEF was 31 +/- 11% and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was 34 +/- 10%. After a mean follow-up of 30 months (range 12-120 months), 26 @entity1 died (22%) and 14 (12%) underwent heart transplantation. At univariate analysis, all the above mentioned parameters were significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with outcome except left and right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume ratio. At multivariate analysis, independent predictors of transplant-free survival were RVEF (P = 0.001), right @entity64 work index (P = 0.015), right ventricular end-diastolic volume (P = 0.034) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (P = 0.048), but not LVEF. The same relation holds true considering the end point of total mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Parameters of right ventricular function are strong predictors of survival in @entity1000 , even in @entity1 enrolled over a wide range of LVEFs. The present study suggests that right ventricular function should be evaluated in @entity1 with @entity1000 . A large non-invasive based study on right ventricular function in @entity1000 appears to be warranted.

title: Right ventricular function predicts transplant-free survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: We examined the prevalence of childhood ( <= 18 years) physical and @entity458 reported among @entity1 admitted to the @entity146 inpatient service and the differential rates of this abuse associated with @entity146 diagnoses. This study consisted of a retrospective chart review of 603 @entity1 admitted to a @entity146 ward during a period of 1 year at Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center who had data on childhood physical and @entity458 . The prevalence of reported childhood physical or @entity458 in this inpatient clinical population was 19.4% (117/603). The prevalence of reported physical abuse was 22.6% (19/84) in the @entity1 and 12.0% (62/519) in the @entity1 (p = 0.008); the prevalence of @entity458 was 33.3% (28/84) in the @entity1 and 7.7% (40/519) in the @entity1 (p < 0.0001). More @entity1 with @entity308 reported @entity458 than did those without these disorders. More @entity1 with @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) reported physical and @entity458 than did those without these disorders. Stratifying by race, sex, and diagnoses, multivariate analyses showed that the @entity1 with @entity1005 had a greater likelihood to report physical abuse (p = 0.03) and @entity458 histories (p = 0.008) than did the @entity1 without @entity1005 . The @entity1 with substance-induced @entity1316 (p = 0.01) were more likely to report physical abuse compared with the @entity1 without substance-induced @entity1316 . Screening for abuse in @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity1005 is warranted to tailor individualized treatments for these @entity1 . More research is needed to better understand the potential implications of childhood abuse on @entity146 diagnoses.

title: Prevalence of childhood physical and @entity458 in veterans with XXXX diagnoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nigeria has one of the highest burdens of @entity66 in the world, but accurate surveillance is lacking. Molecular detection of infectious pathogens in dried blood spots (DBS) is an ideal method for surveillance of @entity281 in resource-limited settings because of its low cost, minimal blood volumes involved, and ease of storage at ambient temperature. Our study aim was to evaluate a @entity328 real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) assay on DBS from febrile Nigerian @entity1 on Whatman 903 and FTA filter papers, compared to the gold standard of culture. METHODS: Between September 2011 to May 2015, blood was collected from @entity1 5 years of age or under who presented to six hospital study sites throughout northern and central Nigeria with @entity221 , and inoculated into blood culture bottles or spotted onto Whatman 903 or FTA filter paper. Culture and rt-PCR were performed on all samples. RESULTS: A total of 537 DBS specimens from 535 @entity1 were included in the study, of which 15 were culture-positive for @entity2260 . The rt-PCR assay detected @entity2260 in 12 DBS specimens (2.2%). One positive rt-PCR result was identified in a culture-negative specimen from a high-risk subject, and two positive rt-PCR results were negative on repeat testing. Six culture-confirmed cases of @entity2260 @entity2259 were missed. Compared to culture, the overall sensitivities of Whatman 903 and FTA DBS for detection of @entity2260 were 57.1% (95% CI 18.4-90.1%) and 62.5% (95% CI 24.5-91.5%), respectively. Nonspecific amplification was noted in an additional 22 DBS (4.1%). Among these, six were positive for a non- @entity2260 pathogen on culture. CONCLUSIONS: Rt-PCR was able to detect @entity2260 from clinical DBS specimens, including from a culture-negative specimen. Our findings show promise of this approach as a surveillance diagnostic, but also raise important cautionary questions. Several DBS specimens were detected as @entity2260 by rt-PCR despite growth of a non- @entity2260 pathogen on culture. A precise definition of what constitutes a positive result is required to avoid falsely over-identifying specimens.

title: Molecular Detection of @entity328 on Dried Blood Spots from Febrile Nigerian XXXX Compared to Culture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemic of @entity6 forces to intensive work on the disease medication. @entity2449 , the most widely prescribed insulin sensitizer, exerts pleiotropic actions on different tissues by not fully recognized mechanisms. @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) is involved in physiology and pathophysiology of various systems in mammals and is perceived as a potential agent in the treatment of different disorders. The interaction between @entity37005 and @entity3958 is unknown. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of @entity2449 on the @entity3958 tissue concentrations in different @entity19 organs. METHODS: Adult SJL female @entity19 were administered intraperitoneally 100 mg/kg b.w. per day of @entity2449 (group D1, n = 6) or 200 mg/kg b.w. per day of @entity2449 (group D2, n = 7). The control group (n = 6) received physiological saline. The measurements of the free and acid-labile @entity3958 tissue concentrations were performed with Siegel spectrophotometric modified method. RESULTS: There was a significant progressive increase in the @entity3958 concentration along with the rising @entity2449 doses as compared to the control group in the brain (D1 by 103.6%, D2 by 113.5%), in the heart (D1 by 11.7%, D2 by 27.5%) and in the kidney (D1 by 7.1%, D2 by 9.6%). In the liver, massive @entity3958 accumulation was observed in the group D1 (increase by 420.4%), while in the D2 group only slight @entity3958 level enhancement was noted (by 12.5%). CONCLUSION: Our experiment has shown that @entity2449 administration is followed by @entity3958 tissue concentrations increase in @entity19 brain, @entity299 .

title: @entity2449 raises @entity3957 tissue concentrations in various XXXX organs.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type 2']

entities_list: @entity37005 :: ('MESH:D001645', 'Chemical') :: ['biguanides']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart, kidney and liver']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity1218 is present in @entity1 normal pituitaries and in @entity977 . In this study we demonstrated that the same tissues can release @entity1218 in vitro. Fragments from seven normal pituitaries (10-15 mg/syringe) and dispersed cells from eight @entity2013 , four GH-secreting and two nonsecreting @entity652 (1-3 x 10(6) cells/syringe) were perifused using a Krebs-Ringer culture medium. After 1 h of equilibration the perifusion medium was collected every 2 min (1 mL/fraction) for 3 h. @entity1218 , PRL, and GH were measured by RIA under basal conditions and in the presence of 10(-10) to 10(-6) mol/L @entity935 (DA), alone or concomitant with @entity1767 , or in the presence of 10(-10) or 10(-6) mol/L somatostatin. Both normal pituitary fragments and pituitary adenomatous cells (from all types of @entity652 studied) spontaneously released @entity1218 in vitro. @entity1218 was detected in the perifusion medium either immediately after the end of the equilibration period or 30-60 min later. The molecular identity of @entity1218 was assessed by high pressure liquid chromatography. There was no difference in the profile and the rate of @entity1218 secretion between normal and tumoral tissues, and no correlation was found between the level of @entity1218 release and that of PRL or GH secretion. DA stimulated @entity1218 release from normal pituitaries and from PRL- and GH-secreting @entity652 at doses as low as 10(-10) mol/L. A concomitant decrease in PRL and GH release was observed from adenomatous cells and in one case of normal tissue. @entity1767 (10(-7) mol/L) antagonized the effect of 10(-8) mol/L DA on both @entity1218 and PRL secretion in normal pituitary and in @entity2013 . DA had no effect on @entity1218 release from two nonsecreting @entity5 . The amounts of @entity1218 released during 1 h of perifusion were 60-1640 pg/2 mg wet wt tissue in normal pituitaries and 54-2174 pg/10(6) cells in @entity652 ; these values were very high compared to those precedently reported within the tissues. These results indicate that pituitary cells can release @entity1218 in vitro and suggest that @entity1218 might be synthesized in situ. We suggest that @entity1218 could act on pituitary hormone secretion and/or cell proliferation via a paracrine and/or an autocrine mechanism.

title: Normal and adenomatous @entity1 pituitaries secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone in vitro: modulation by @entity935 , XXXX , and somatostatin.

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol', 'Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of an intra-articular @entity8745 ( @entity3443 ) injection has been shown to have benefits for symptoms of @entity626 ( @entity571 ). However, considerations beyond drug efficacy can influence the appropriateness, clinical effectiveness and potential harm of an injection. A review of research evidence and published literature on clinical and procedural factors influencing the effectiveness and safety of a knee injection has been undertaken. Factors include dose, frequency, contraindications, precautions, drug interactions, side-effects, and procedural and @entity1 -related considerations. An evaluation of evidence indicated that a 40   mg dose provides clinical benefit. No strong predictors of response were evident, with the exception of @entity158 severity. Additional benefit for outcomes from higher doses, local anaesthetic, ultrasound guidance or particular anatomical approaches is yet to be demonstrated. Evidence for dose- and duration-related detrimental effects suggests judicious use and frequency. The evaluation showed that there are a number of contraindications and precautions arising from the drug pharmacology, concurrent medications, comorbidities and adverse events which need consideration and monitoring. There was limited safety evidence concerning anticoagulation. The review found that specialist guidance and limited evidence suggests that injection safety concerning @entity1229 may be enhanced by ensuring that the international normalized ratio level is within therapeutic range. However, the risk-benefit evaluation concerning non   @entity2067 antagonist oral anticoagulants remains challenging. Although there is published guidance, a lack of clinical studies, safety evidence and reversibility advocates caution. Overall, the review indicates that injection decisions and procedures need an individualized approach and supporting evidence is limited in many areas. Evaluation and discussion of benefits and risks, peri-procedural and post-injection management, and tailoring to the context and individuals' preferences are important in optimizing the benefits and safety of a knee injection.

title: Therapeutic Review of XXXX Intra-Articular Injection in the Management of @entity571 of the Knee - Part 2: Clinical and Procedural Considerations.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity8745 :: (MESH:C000873,Chemical) :: ['Methylprednisolone Acetate']


abstract: @entity3092 , @entity16954 , and @entity15604 are capable of scavenging @entity224 anion (rate constants of the reaction with @entity224 at pH 10 were 1.7 x 10(5), 1.5 x 10(5), and 0.5 x 10(5) M-1 s-1, respectively). At the same time @entity15604 and @entity3092 but not @entity16954 are @entity68 ion chelators. These substances were used to elucidate the role of radical scavenging and @entity68 chelating in @entity3096 protection against asbestos-induced oxidative cellular injury. Exposure of @entity35 peritoneal macrophages to chrysotile asbestos fibers resulted in "frustrated" phagocytosis, cell injury, and a LDH release. @entity3092 , @entity16954 , and @entity15604 were effective in protecting the phagocytic cells against injury caused by asbestos. Moreover, these @entity3088 exhibited cellular protection in the same order of effectiveness as that observed for the quenching of @entity224 : @entity3092 > @entity16954 > @entity15604 . Exposure of @entity1 red blood cells to asbestos fibers also caused progressive cell injury and lysis. @entity3092 and @entity15604 protected the red cells ( @entity3092 > @entity15604 ), whereas @entity16954 was ineffective in preventing asbestos-induced @entity2142 . The protective ability of @entity3092 and @entity15604 may be related to their @entity68 -chelating activity. Due to this these @entity3088 can be located on asbestos surface in sites of initiation of free radical reactions and their antiradical moieties can scavenge reactive @entity26 species immediately after the appearance. Thus, both antiradical and chelating effects appear to be involved in the @entity3096 protection against @entity3440 -induced cell injury.

title: Antiradical and chelating effects in XXXX protection against @entity3440 -induced cell injury.

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity16954 :: ('MESH:C003377', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroquercetin']

answer: @entity3096 :: (CHEBI:47916,Chemical) :: ['flavonoid']


abstract: The finite element (FE) model of the @entity1 ear has been developed to analyze the middle ear and cochlea function in relation to the ear structures. However, the energy absorbance or energy reflectance used in the research and clinical audiology test has not been reported in the FE model. The relationship between the middle ear structure and the energy absorbance (EA) needs to be identified using the FE model. In this study, a FE model of the @entity1 ear, including the ear canal, the middle ear and the spiral cochlea constructed from the histological sections of a @entity1 temporal bone, was used to calculate EA. The viscoelastic material properties were applied to the middle ear soft tissues. Three @entity2172 were simulated in the FE model: @entity2172 , @entity8719 , and @entity7687 . Multi-physics (acoustic, structure, and fluid) coupled analysis was conducted in the model. The FE model was first validated with the published experimental data on the middle ear input impedance and EA of the normal ear. The EA in three disordered ears was obtained from the model and compared with the published results measured in the clinics and the temporal bone experiments. The consistence of the model-derived EA with the published data demonstrates that the FE model is feasible to analyze EA. The effects of @entity2172 , @entity2171 , and mechanical properties of soft tissues on EA were estimated and discussed. This article is part of a special issue entitled "MEMRO 2012".

title: Finite element modeling of energy absorbance in normal and disordered XXXX ears.

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear pressure', 'middle ear disorders', 'otitis media']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7687 :: ('MESH:D001184', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular chain disarticulation']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of imaging-guided core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of @entity85 . Between 2004 and 2007, 309 biopsies (ultrasound 151, computed tomography 89, and fluoroscopy 69) were included. There were 142 soft tissue and 167 @entity75 . Diagnostic yields and accuracies were assessed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni's correction when necessary. Overall diagnostic yield was 90.6% for all 309 lesions (bone 91.6% vs. soft tissue 89.3%, p = 0.5125). The diagnostic accuracy of the 185 core needle biopsies, which were confirmed by definitive surgical biopsies, was 84.3% (bone 88.9% vs. soft tissue 79.1%, p = 0.0669). The yields of @entity5 (96.8%) were not significantly higher than those of @entity5 with a heterogenic architecture (86.4%, p = 0.0794). The difference between accuracies for @entity5 (89.1%) and @entity5 (85.0%) was not significant (p = 0.6930). However, for @entity8650 , @entity5 had a significantly higher diagnostic yield than @entity5 (97.5% vs. 81.4%, p = 0.0036). Diagnostic accuracy for @entity5 was also significantly higher than that for @entity8650 (94.4% vs. 60.6%, p < 0.0001). The image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of @entity85 is a safe and effective procedure if it is performed selectively in @entity8650 with homogenous architectures.

title: The diagnostic value of needle biopsy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony lesions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['heterogenous bone tumours', 'homogenous tumours', 'heterogenous tumours', 'bone tumours', 'homogenous bone tumours']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['heterogenous soft tissue tumours', 'soft tissue tumours']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the utility of retrograde venous perfusion to cool the spinal cord and protect neurologic function during aortic clamping. We hypothesized that hypothermic @entity859 would preserve the spinal cord during @entity63 . METHODS: Six @entity1707 (group I) underwent @entity432 for 30 minutes at normothermia. Group II animals underwent spinal cooling by retrograde perfusion of the paravertebral veins with hypothermic (4 degrees C) saline solution during @entity432 . The spinal cords of group III animals were cooled with a hypothermic @entity859 solution in a similar fashion. Intrathecal temperature was monitored and somatosensory evoked potentials assessed the functional status of spinal pathways. RESULTS: Spinal cooling without systemic @entity2332 significantly improved neurologic Tarlov scores in group III (4.8 +/- 0.2) and group II (3.8 +/- 0.4) when compared with group I scores (1.3 +/- 0.6) (P <.001). Furthermore, 5 of the 6 animals in group III displayed completely normal neurologic function, whereas only one animal in group II and no animals in group I did (P =.005). Somatosensory evoked potentials were lost 10.6 +/- 1.4 minutes after @entity63 in group I. In contrast, spinal cooling caused rapid cessation of neural transmission with loss of somatosensory evoked potentials at 6.9 +/- 1.2 minutes in group II and 7.0 +/- 0.8 minutes in group III (P =.06). Somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes returned to 85% of baseline in group III and 90% of baseline in group II compared with only 10% of baseline in group I (P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that retrograde cooling of the spinal cord is possible and protects against @entity63 and that @entity859 enhances this effect. The efficacy of this method may be at least partly attributed to a more rapid reduction in metabolic and electrical activity of the spinal cord during @entity63 .

title: Hypothermic retrograde venous perfusion with XXXX cools the spinal cord and reduces the risk of paraplegia after thoracic aortic clamping.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic occlusion', 'aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Circulating @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes, a potent phagocytosing and antigen-presenting monocyte population, have been reported to be expanded in @entity1 on hemodialysis (HD). In this study, changes in the population of @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes were analyzed during a single session of HD therapy, and the influence of dialyzer membrane materials on these monocytes was investigated. METHODS: Nine @entity1 were hemodialyzed using regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes and thereafter @entity2264 (PS) membranes. Peripheral blood cells were taken from these subjects, and these cells were stained with anti- @entity5750 and anti- @entity4071 antibodies. The percentages of @entity5750 - and @entity4071 -expressing monocytes were analyzed by two-color flow cytometric analysis. Moreover, the serum soluble @entity5750 (sCD14) levels were measured with an ELISA kit. RESULTS: It was found that @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes before HD were significantly increased in @entity1 on HD as compared to healthy controls. In the RC group, @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes were decreased at both 30 and 240 min after the initiation of HD. The reduction rate of @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes in the RC group was higher than that in the PS group. There was no significant difference in sCD14 levels between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Monocytes are activated in @entity1 on HD. Furthermore, the population of @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes was stimulated to a greater extent during HD in the RC group than in the PS group. The significant reduction in @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes by RC membranes indicated that the level of @entity5750 + @entity4071 + monocytes is a sensitive marker for the biocompatibility of HD membranes.

title: Expression of Fc gamma receptor III ( XXXX ) on monocytes during hemodialysis in @entity1 with chronic renal failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulfone']

answer: @entity4071 :: (2214,Gene) :: ['CD16']


abstract: Petiveria alliacea is a plant traditionally known for its anti-inflammatory and anti- @entity5 activities; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of its immunomodulatory properties are still unknown. Dendritic cells (DC) promote adaptive immune response by activating T lymphocytes, inducing an effector response or tolerance depending on the DC differentiation level. Herein, we evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and organic plant fractions from P. alliacea using @entity1 monocyte-derived dendritic cells. The phenotype, cytokine secretion and gene expression were estimated after treatment with the plant fractions. We found that P. alliacea aqueous fraction induced morphological changes and co-stimulatory expression of @entity2937 , indicating partial DC maturation. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , IL-12p70, and @entity310 were secreted. The fraction also increased NF-kB gene expression while down-regulating @entity2533 gene expression. These results suggest that the aqueous fraction can induce partial DC activation, a situation that can be relevant in tolerance induction. It is important to state that the organic fraction by itself does not show any immunomodulatory activity. This study provides evidence for possible immunomodulatory activity of P. alliacea extracts which has been used in traditional medicine in Colombia.

title: Immunomodulatory effects of aqueous and organic fractions from Petiveria alliacea on XXXX dendritic cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: In preclinical models, there is synergism between chemotherapy and recombinant @entity1 @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) -related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( @entity2205 ) on apoptosis induction in @entity5 cells. Therefore, the prognostic relevance was analyzed of the expression of @entity2205 and its death receptors @entity3048 and @entity3049 on disease-free survival and overall survival in @entity5 @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Tissue microarrays were constructed of primary @entity5 tissue from 376 @entity5 @entity1 treated in a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy study ( @entity1487 / @entity7305 v @entity1487 / @entity7305 /leucovorin) and stained immunohistochemically for @entity2205 , @entity3048 , and @entity3049 . Log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard analysis, with adjustment for treatment arm, sex, age, N stage, microsatellite instability status, and @entity876 mutation status, were performed. RESULTS: The majority of @entity5 showed high expression of @entity2205 (83%), @entity3048 (92%), and @entity3049 (87%). Median follow-up was 43 months. High @entity3048 expression was associated with worse disease-free survival (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.53; P = .03), worse overall survival (OR = 2.22; 95% CI,1.03 to 4.81; P = .04) and shorter time to recurrence (P = .02) compared with those with low @entity3048 expression. @entity2205 or @entity3049 expression had no prognostic value. CONCLUSION: High @entity3048 expression is associated with worse disease-free and overall survival in stage III adjuvant-treated @entity694 @entity1 . Evaluation of @entity3048 expression in @entity5 @entity1 may identify a subset requiring more aggressive adjuvant treatment.

title: Prognostic significance of @entity5 @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and its receptors in adjuvantly treated @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'stage III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The relationship between the concentration of a drug and its pharmacologic effect is of central interest in pharmacodynamics. Various compartmental and noncompartmental methods have been proposed for elucidating this relationship when the plasma drug concentration and effects are both measured. Although the relationship between drug input and the pharmacologic effect is equally useful, it has not received as much attention. A system analysis hysteresis minimization pharmacodynamic method was developed to describe the central nervous system effects of @entity680 in @entity95 . The @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) was used as the effect measure and the infusion rate as the pharmacokinetic variable. The sigmoid Emax and cubic polynomial representations of the transduction relationship were investigated in modeling the collapsed hysteresis loop. The results indicated that @entity680 has a relatively rapid biophase equilibration time (t50 = 6 min). Both the sigmoid Emax and cubic polynomial transduction relationships were equally effective in describing the observed effect data and gave similar predictions. The proposed approach has the advantage of not assuming a specific compartmental structure for the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic link. A particular advantage of the method is that no functional relationship is assumed a priori for the transduction relationship, and errors in both regression variables are considered in the optimization. The system analysis pharmacodynamic approach assumes linear disposition pharmacokinetics, an instantaneous and time-invariant transduction, and that inductive effects like tolerance or sensitization do not develop significantly in the time frame studied.

title: Application of a variable direction hysteresis minimization approach in describing the central nervous system pharmacodynamic effects of XXXX in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['spectral edge frequency', 'SEF']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS: The clinical @entity5 -node- @entity3 (T, N and M) classes of @entity0 provide important prognostic information. However, the possible association of @entity2802 classes with reproductive factors has remained largely unexplored. Because every @entity1 has a reproductive history, implications to outcome prediction are potentially significant. METHODS: During the study period from 2002 through 2008, 5,614 pre- and 27,310 postmenopausal @entity1 were identified in the Swedish Family- @entity5 Database. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for @entity2802 classes of @entity0 by histology. The reproductive variables were parity, age at first and last childbirth and time interval between first and last childbirth. RESULTS: Among postmenopausal @entity1 , the ORs for high-T class (T2-T4) ( @entity5 size >= 2 cm) and @entity3 were decreased by parity. A late age at first and last childbirth associated with high-T class and the effects were higher for lobular (OR for late age at first childbirth =2.85) than @entity513 . Overall, long time interval between first and last childbirth was related to high-T class and @entity3 . However, a short time interval between first and last childbirth in @entity1 with late age at first or last childbirth increased the risk of @entity3 . Late age at last childbirth was associated with increased occurrence of @entity1137 in situ. Among @entity513 @entity1 , nulliparity and early age at first childbirth were associated with high-T class. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing parity was protective against high-T class and @entity3 ; late ages at first and last childbirth were risk factors for high-T class in @entity0 . The current decline in parity and delayed age at first childbirth in many countries may negatively influence prognosis of @entity0 .

title: Do reproductive factors influence T, N, and M classes of XXXX ? A nation-wide follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'postmenopausal breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'premenopausal ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['ductal and lobular breast cancers']


abstract: Of the 139 @entity1 who underwent excision for invasive @entity5 in the pancreatic duct at Kurume University Hospital between January 1965 and December 1998, the subjects were 38 @entity1 in whom blood vessels around the @entity5 were simultaneously excised. The surgical methods were pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in 31 @entity1 , distal pancreatectomy (DP) in 5, and total pancreatectomy (TP) in 2. The excised blood vessels were the portal vein alone in 32 @entity1 , the artery alone in 1, and both portal vein and artery in 5. Excision of the portal vein was performed by circumcision in 25 @entity1 and by segmentectomy in 12. The range of circumcision was 1.0-7.0 cm (mean, 3.5 +/- 1.4 cm), and the blocking time of the portal vein was 8-36 min (mean, 19.5 +/- 8.8 min). Of the 25 @entity1 who underwent circumcision, reconstruction was performed by end-to-end @entity254 in 23 and by transplantation of the autologous vein between the ends in 2. Of the 12 @entity1 who underwent segmentectomy, direct suture was performed in 10, and transplantation of an autologous vein patch was performed in 2. @entity260 occurred in 14 of the 32 @entity1 . In 5 of the 6 @entity1 who underwent excision of the artery, reconstruction was performed by end-to-end @entity254 in 3 and by transplantation of the autologous vein between the ends in 2. @entity260 did not occur in the @entity1 who had undergone excision of the artery alone, but 4 of the 5 @entity1 who had undergone simultaneous excision of the portal vein and artery had @entity260 , of whom 2 died during the period of hospitalization. Three @entity1 with pv0, @entity37190 or pv2 survived for more than 3 years. Because some of the @entity1 who had undergone excision of the portal vein alone survived for a long time and this method is relatively safe, this surgery can be generally applied, but simultaneous excision of the portal vein and artery should be carefully applied because the incidences of @entity260 and @entity204 during the period of hospitalization are high. With the development of surgical techniques and postoperative control, simultaneous excision of @entity788 and the surrounding blood vessels has become safe, but this method should only be applied to @entity1 who have the potential to recover completely.

title: Evaluation of simultaneous excision of XXXX and the surrounding blood vessels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2857 is an effective systemic agent for advanced @entity157 . To increase its efficacy, we evaluated the feasibility and benefit of @entity2857 combined with radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2007 to July 2011, 31 @entity1 were treated with a daily dose of 800 mg of @entity2857 and radiotherapy. Among them, 13 @entity1 who received radiotherapy on the bone @entity3 were excluded. Thirteen @entity1 received 30-54 Gy of radiotherapy on the @entity5 (primary group) and 5 @entity1 received 30-58.4 Gy on the measurable metastatic lesions (measurable @entity3 group). @entity5 responses at 1 month after the completion of radiotherapy and overall survival were evaluated. RESULTS: The in-field response rate was 100% in the primary group and 60% in the measurable @entity3 group. A decrease of more than 80% in the @entity5 marker a-fetoprotein was observed in 7 @entity1 in the primary group (54%). @entity137 of grades 3-4 were @entity8566 in 3 (17%) @entity1 , @entity548 in 1 (6%) @entity1 , @entity882 in 3 (17%) @entity1 and elevation of @entity492 transaminase in 1 (6%) @entity1 . The median overall survival was 7.8 months (95% confidence interval, 3.0-12.6). CONCLUSION: The combined treatment of @entity2857 and radiotherapy was feasible and induced substantial @entity5 responses in the target lesions. The results of this study emphasize the importance of individualized approach in the management of advanced @entity157 and encourage the initiation of a controlled clinical trial.

title: Feasibility of @entity2857 combined with local radiotherapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Antibody to @entity2434 ( @entity32273 ) is produced spontaneously in @entity19 , by approximately 2-10% of naturally occurring @entity6689 + (B1) B cells in the peritoneum. Much of this antibody is encoded by the VH11 gene associated with a specific V kappa 9 gene. Constraints on the size and structure of the H chain @entity2540 have been defined from nucleotide sequences of genes expressed by hybridomas and @entity706 derived from adult @entity19 . All employ JH1 and all encode @entity669 as the first @entity535 in @entity2540 , which is either nine or 10 @entity1522 long; the last six are always the same, start with @entity669 , and are rich in @entity9750 . Those with nine @entity1522 in @entity2540 have @entity2228 or @entity563 in the second position and @entity2734 , @entity563 or @entity1521 in the third; those with 10 have an additional @entity492 or @entity2228 inserted after the first @entity669 . DSP2 genes are used by 80% and DFL16 by 20%. Productively rearranged VH11 genes in neonates and in 18 day fetal liver display a greater, but still limited degree of diversity. All four JH genes are used and the length of @entity2540 varies from three to 12 @entity1522 , but the first is @entity669 in 58 of 61 and DSP2 genes are used by 80% of these productive VDJ assemblies. Non-productive rearrangements of VH11 in fetal liver show a different pattern; 41% use DFL16 genes and only 40% have a TAx codon in the first position of @entity2540 . All rearrangements show evidence of a bias in favor of joining the VH11 gene to D genes at positions of matching nucleotide overlap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mechanisms that limit the diversity of antibody: three sequentially acting mechanisms that favor the spontaneous production of germline encoded anti- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidyl choline']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity9750 :: ('CHEBI:33856', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amino acids']

answer: @entity2434 :: (MESH:D010713,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidyl choline']


abstract: Right atrial pacing was performed in 41 subjects with @entity301 . Twenty developed @entity951 during pacing, while 21 did not. The extent of @entity453 , as judged by selective cinearteriography, was similar in the two groups. Both had significant increases in heart rate and pressure-time per minute, but there was no significant difference in either of these parameters between groups. Among the hemodynamic parameters measured, the only statistically significant change was in the cardiac index which fell slightly but significantly in the @entity951 group. There were no differences in myocardial @entity26 extraction either within each group or between groups. In the @entity951 group, however, 14 of 20 subjects exhibited abnormal myocardial @entity880 metabolism during pacing. The mean change was highly significant (P < 0.01). In the nonangina group, eight of 21 subjects had abnormal @entity880 metabolism during pacing and the mean change was significant (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between abnormal @entity880 metabolism and electrocardiographic evidence of @entity741 in either group. Sublingual @entity1242 , given to five subjects with @entity951 while pacing was continued, resulted in prompt relief of symptoms, but abnormal @entity880 metabolism and ST-segment @entity308 were unaffected after 10 min. By contrast, when anginal symptoms were relieved in five subjects by cessation of pacing, symptomatic improvement was accompanied by marked improvement in @entity880 metabolism after 10 min. Although @entity951 appears to be related statistically to subnormal left ventricular function and abnormal @entity880 metabolism, there is significant individual variation.

title: XXXX . Differential hemodynamic, metabolic, and electrocardiographic effects in subjects with and without @entity951 during atrial pacing.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['Coronary heart disease']


abstract: Age-related @entity1020 is a serious public health problem, and in most cases no cure exists. One available intervention is low vision rehabilitation, and there is a lack of programmes for the elderly. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an evaluation of a group-based health education programme. This programme comprised six to eight 2-3 hour meetings, once a week, for @entity1 with age-related @entity1020 . Each group consisted of four to six @entity1 . The goal of the programme, which has its roots in the health belief model, was to sustain and restore the @entity1 ' performance of their daily activities. The tool used for process evaluation was focus group methodology, and eight focus groups were involved. Forty five @entity1 , whose average age was 80 years, took part in the evaluation. The results indicated that the @entity1 were, on the whole, pleased with the content of the programme. There were, however, some indications that they did not understand all the information provided. Social support, regained hope and meeting others with the same disease were reported as positive aspects of the health education programme. The importance of the group leader's role in guiding this health education programme was emphasised. Furthermore, with regard to the composition of the groups, the @entity1 pointed out that it was important to consider variation in visual acuity, so as to provide different models for comparison, and whether both sexes should participate in all groups. Finally, several suggestions for improving the programme are put forward.

title: Development of a health education programme for elderly with age-related XXXX : a focus group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Rural-urban disparities in health remain a major focus of concern. This population-based study examined the performance of Taiwan's universal healthcare system in reducing @entity22550 in health, through better accessibility. Changes in the rates of @entity698 were compared between residents of remote and non-remote areas in Taiwan, under the National Health Insurance (NHI) programme. METHODS: We identified all 128,930 @entity1 undergoing appendectomy in Taiwan between 1996 and 2001. The NHI inpatient files, enrolment files, major disease files, hospital registry and the household registry were linked to provide comprehensive individual and hospital information. Probit regression analyses were used to obtain adjusted estimates. RESULTS: During the first 3 years, although the differences between the remote and non-remote areas were apparent, they were seen to be narrowing. This downward trend continued, and, since 1999, few discernible differences have been observed. After adjusting for individual and hospital characteristics, over time, the @entity397 rate among remote area residents was seen to be decreasing significantly faster (1.1%) than among non-remote area residents. More specifically, the @entity1 showed a substantially steeper narrowing trend (3.3%) in @entity22550 , than did adults. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings have shown a significant narrowing of health disparities between remote and non-remote populations, resulting from free access to care and more healthcare provision in remote areas under the NHI programme; particular success has been observed in rural @entity1 . Although certain disparities still exist, Taiwan's universal healthcare system has effectively reduced @entity22550 in access to care and in ultimate health outcomes.

title: Trends in rural and urban differentials in incidence rates for XXXX under the National Health Insurance in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity22550 :: ('MESH:C538276', 'Disease') :: ['rural-urban disparities']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured appendix']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['ruptured appendicitis']


abstract: The history of a @entity1 who suffered @entity75 and @entity772 is presented. A 25-year-old female consumed large quantities of cold water over several weeks, to control long-term dental @entity158 . This eventually led to dilution hyponatraemia, followed by a @entity410 and @entity75 . The @entity1 made a good recovery after spending three days in neurological intensive care. Conventional endodontic therapy immediately resolved her symptoms following recovery from this life-threatening episode. Prior to her admission the @entity1 had experienced difficulties in gaining access to effective emergency dental care. Her problems could have been avoided if appropriate management had been provided sooner. The dental profession should be aware of the potential life-threatening risk when continued water consumption is used to control the long-term @entity158 . Primary care agencies should ensure that information on local emergency dental services is well disseminated to the population. Dental surgeons should be able to manage acute dental @entity158 .

title: A life threatening event from poorly managed dental XXXX --a case report.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pulpitic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Immunization by peptides based on the repeat sequences of @entity3964 or P. vivax antigen(s) have shown inconsistent results during clinical trials in @entity1 . This could be attributed to the lack of T-cell help or antigenic polymorphism. Thus, attention has been focused towards the more conserved non-repeat regions. The present study was undertaken to map the antigenic determinant in the vicinity of region II (outside the repeat) of CS protein of @entity3965 . The immunogenicity of the peptide was studied alone and after linking with @entity49755 (PT), using alum and Freund's adjuvant, in inbred strains of @entity19 with different genetic backgrounds. The humoral response and antigen induced T-cell proliferation assays clearly demonstrated the immunomodulatory activity of PT. Comparable results were observed with antigen(s) administered either in alum or Freund's adjuvant. The induction of IgG2a and IgG2b antibody isotypes by both, peptide as well as the conjugate, may indicate that the T-helper response involved is of Th1 type. Further the immunofluorescence studies have shown that antibodies recognized the air dried sporozoites of P. cynomolgi. The results thus show that the above sequence has overlapping B and T-cell determinants and that alum can be substituted for Freund's adjuvant in generating an effective immune response.

title: Immune response against the non-repeat region (293-310) of the circumsporozoite protein of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity49755 :: ('MESH:C053968', 'Chemical') :: ['polytuftsin']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of silent @entity1188 that occurred after a coronary artery bypass grafting procedure and review the relevant literature. METHODS: We describe a female @entity1 with silent @entity1188 several months after a coronary artery bypass operation and discuss her presentation, clinical findings, and laboratory evaluation. We also review similar cases in the literature. RESULTS: A 73-year-old @entity1 presented with generalized fatigue, @entity425 , and an elevated @entity908 kinase level several months after she had undergone a coronary artery bypass procedure. The findings on laboratory evaluation were consistent with @entity6126 , @entity2338 , @entity1375 , and @entity1887 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary fossa showed an @entity4776 and no sellar enlargement. The @entity1 had no @entity10 , no neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms, and no focal @entity51 . The presentation was slow and insidious. The @entity1 received glucocorticoid and @entity6145 replacement therapy, after which her clinical status improved substantially. Silent @entity1188 after coronary artery bypass grafting has been reported previously in 3 male @entity1 , but our current case is the first such report in a female @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Silent @entity1188 can be a complication of a coronary artery bypass grafting procedure, with a delayed and insidious presentation.

title: Silent XXXX after coronary artery bypass grafting procedure: case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['central hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella turcica']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary infarction']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['pituitary infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of @entity346 ( @entity346 ) suppression and induction methods for the objective estimation of visual acuities in @entity1 with various @entity2194 . DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive study. METHODS: One hundred seventy-three eyes of 89 @entity1 aged between 27 and 75 years who registered at our institution from January to December 2004 were prospectively enrolled onto this study. @entity2194 included generalized @entity989 (47 eyes), media opacity (32 eyes), refractive errors (31 eyes), @entity726 (27 eyes), @entity1020 (26 eyes), and @entity1781 (10 eyes). Horizontal optokinetic stimuli were presented on a 17-inch monitor screen at a distance of 40 cm from the subject in a dark room. @entity1319 were recorded in each eye separately by infrared oculography. Objective visual acuities measured by using @entity346 suppression or induction methods were compared with subjective visual acuity assessments. The logarithm of minimal angle of resolution visual acuity was 1.03, and ranged from -0.08 to hand movement. RESULTS: Linear regression identified minimum stripe stimuli required to induce @entity346 by using the @entity346 induction method, and the minimum dot size required to suppress @entity346 was found to be correlated with subjective visual acuity (P<.01). The induction method was useful in @entity1 with visual acuities of 20/60 or worse, and the suppression method was useful in @entity1 with visual acuities of 20/200 or better. CONCLUSIONS: Combined use of the @entity346 induction and suppression methods provides a satisfactory means of determining objective visual acuity.

title: Objective measurement of visual acuity by optokinetic response determination in XXXX with @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular diseases', 'ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathies']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['optokinetic nystagmus', 'OKN']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Horizontal eye movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cell adhesion molecules are ubiquitously expressed proteins playing a central role in controlling cell migration, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Besides their key function in physiological maintenance of tissue integrity, adhesion molecules play an eminent role in various pathological processes. In @entity65 , cell adhesion molecules are particularly involved in atherogenesis and @entity731 plaque progression. They also play a critical role in @entity583 and reperfusion damage and a minor role in @entity849 and @entity296 . Their common denominator: An increased expression of adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte extravasation and accumulation. Leukocyte extravasation is a multistep process, mediated by several cell adhesion molecules including selectins (P-, E- and L-), integrins and members of the Ig superfamily ( @entity2071 , @entity4725 ). These molecules can be targeted for imaging purposes (e.g. to identify @entity731 plaques) or can serve as biomarkers for plaque destabilization. Furthermore, cell adhesion molecules can serve as drugable targets to prevent leukocyte extravasation where warranted to decrease inflammatory tissue damage (e.g. reperfusion injury). Current techniques involve blocking of binding sites, targeted drug delivery using liposomes and polymeric particles as carriers or imaging of @entity32 sites using labeled cells or antibodies. This review focuses on the role of cell adhesion molecules in @entity65 and the use of targeting adhesion molecules for imaging purposes and local drug delivery in cardiovascular medicine.

title: Targeting adhesion molecules in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['valvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disorders']


abstract: A 51-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed as @entity7555 on July 1997, presenting with lymph node @entity4 , @entity305 , @entity382 , @entity1375 , @entity8 , @entity4 and skin change. Lymph node @entity4 and @entity305 improved in some degree after chemotherapy. She was admitted to our hospital on march 6, 1998 because of consciousness disturbance, @entity1269 and non-fluent @entity2026 after fever and @entity551 . The next day of admission, consciousness disturbance, @entity1269 and non-fluent @entity2026 disappeared. MR images of the brain revealed low intensity on a T1-weighted image and high intensity on a T2-weighted image in the left parietal lobe. Furthermore, MR images also revealed @entity1184 matter with enhancement by @entity7241 , which made the diagnosis of chronic @entity693 . The cerebral angiographies showed @entity432 . The cerebrospinal fluid showed normal cell count, total protein level of 82 mg/dl, and IgG level of 18 mg/dl. Since there has been very few case reports describing intimate relationship between @entity7555 and @entity693 , and between @entity432 and @entity693 , we speculated that the @entity693 might be associated with @entity7555 . Furthermore, @entity693 might be a cause of her bilateral @entity432 . The number of cases of @entity7555 associated with @entity66 was very rare. This is the first case which had @entity432 probably caused by chronic @entity693 . Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to @entity66 when the @entity1 of @entity7555 is associated with @entity693 .

title: [ @entity7555 associated with Castleman disease showing hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hypertrophic dura']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['cranial pachymeningitis', 'pachymeningitis']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['Crow-Fukase syndrome']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion', 'bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion']


abstract: Only a few cases of @entity995 in older @entity1 have been reported and the clinical diagnosis may be difficult. In case, fine-needle aspiration from an atypical retinal mass of an 11-yr-old @entity1 was performed. The vitreous fluid was stained with Diff-Quik for an immediate cytological examination and the diagnosis of @entity995 was suggested. The rest of the specimen was separated into two parts. One was stained with May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa and the other was centrifuged, embedded in @entity982 , and finally stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 -safran. The undifferentiated blue cells were associated with abundant @entity39 and portions of capillaries with @entity5 cells around. The cytoplasm of the @entity5 cells was strongly stained with neuron-specific enolase antibody. The diagnosis of @entity995 was confirmed. The specimen of enucleation confirmed the diagnosis. In conclusion, cytological aspiration can categorically diagnose suspected intraocular @entity5 of older @entity1 in whom clinical and noninvasive investigations have failed to establish the diagnosis.

title: Cytological @entity995 in an 11-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'perivascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boy']


abstract: AIM: To compare ecabet @entity1372 and @entity4444 in relieving symptoms of functional @entity2210 . METHODS: We performed a multi-center, prospective, randomized, double-blinded controlled trial to compare the clinical efficacy of ecabet @entity1372 and @entity4444 in @entity1 with functional @entity2210 . Two-hundred and seventy-two @entity1 with @entity1109 fulfilling the Rome-II criteria were enrolled from 7 centers. In the study group (115 @entity1 ), 1.5 g ecabet @entity1372 was given twice a day. In the control group (121 @entity1 ), 400 mg @entity4444 was given twice a day. Symptoms and parameters of quality of life were analyzed at baseline, 3, 14, and 28 d after initiating the treatment. RESULTS: Two-hundred and thirty-six @entity1 completed the clinical trial. After 4 wk of treatment, the rates of improvement in @entity1 with @entity1109 were not different between two groups (77.4% in the ecabet group and 79.3% in the @entity4444 group, respectively, P > 0.05). Likewise, the rates of symptomatic improvement were not different at 3 d and 14 d. The parameters of quality of life did not change significantly during the study period in both groups. There was no clinically significant adverse event in both groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with functional @entity2210 , ecabet @entity1372 has similar clinical efficacy with @entity4444 .

title: Efficacy and safety of ecabet @entity1372 on functional XXXX : a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, multi-center controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['dyspeptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity544 ( @entity515 ) has been used as an arterial contrast agent for high-risk @entity1 who were allergic to iodinated contrast material and for those with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The feasibility, safety, imaging quality and therapeutic role of @entity515 angiography in the endovascular therapy (EVT) for @entity1 with @entity740 was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: EVT was performed in 107 consecutive @entity1 with iliofemoral @entity455 (148 limbs; mean age, 73  9 years) who were admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to April 2011. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided EVT with @entity515 was applied for the treatment of 50 @entity1 (70 limbs) with @entity740 (group 1). IVUS-guided EVT with iodinated contrast media was applied for the treatment of 57 @entity1 (78 limbs) without @entity740 (group 2). @entity515 was injected by hand using a simple homemade delivery system. The overall technical success was 100% in both groups without any major complication. Preprocedure and postprocedure ankle-brachial indices significantly improved in the both groups (0.93  0.11 vs. 0.59  0.19, P<0.01; 0.95  0.13 vs. 0.62  0.22, P<0.01, respectively). All of the @entity515 arteriograms were good or acceptable imaging quality if assessed by 2 independent observers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity515 arteriograms, using an inexpensive simple homemade delivery system, are feasible and safe in @entity1 with @entity740 in the evaluation and for @entity455 .

title: Safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy with a simple homemade @entity544 delivery system in @entity1 with ileofemoral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['EVT of iliofemoral artery disease', 'artery disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['artery diseases']


abstract: The complex process of @entity5 cell @entity3 requires a number of prerequisites. Following malignant transformation with concomitant cell cycle dysregulation, a metastatic phenotype is dependent on an altered behaviour at various cellular levels. On the one hand, this includes differences in the expression of certain adhesion molecules. Typically, a reduced expression of adhesion molecules (such as cadherins), which are responsible for cell-to-cell interactions, is observed. Simultaneously, a distinct pattern of integrin-mediated, cell-to-matrix interactions are found. These changes result in an increased migratory ability of the cells, which further depends on the controlled degradation of extracellular matrix components by proteases. In particular, the matrix metalloproteinases and the @entity563 proteases are noteworthy in this context. Regulation of protease activity involves interactions of @entity5 cells with components of the extracellular matrix. Finally, interactions between @entity5 cells and cells of the surrounding connective tissue mediated by cytokines and growth factors are important, especially in the process of angiogenesis. Only those @entity5 cells which fulfil all the requirements mentioned above are able to leave the site of the primary @entity5 , to migrate towards the blood and lymphatic vessels, to enter the circulation and, finally, to cause distant organ @entity3 .

title: Mechanisms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: This paper presents a retrospective study of asymptomatic @entity793 from general practice. The general practitioner had screened @entity1 's urine specimens for asymptomatic @entity793 at the eight regular health examinations during preschool age. The urine was collected in special adhesive bags or as a midstream clean catch and investigated by stix and culture at the practitioner's. When significant @entity793 was noted, a new urine sample was collected for analysis. If asymptomatic @entity793 was again noted, the culture plates were sent to a microbiological hospital department for determination of bacterial type and antibiotic resistance. The @entity1 were subsequently treated with a relevant antibiotic. The material collected during 12 years consisted of 658 urine samples obtained from 1295 examinations of 208 @entity1 . Thirty-five samples (5.3%) were positive, and 30 of the @entity1 presented at least one positive sample (14.2%). Most of the positive samples were obtained during the first two years. However, the material is too small to obtain statistically positive results and must due to its retrospective nature be interpreted with care. Nevertheless, the high rate of @entity281 in our study motivates the initiation of a regular prospective study.

title: [Bacteriological urine analysis as part of check-ups on XXXX . A retrospective study from general practice].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of pepsin-positive tracheal secretions (a proxy for the @entity1173 of gastric contents), outcomes associated with @entity1173 (including a positive Clinical @entity358 Score [a proxy for @entity55 ] and use of hospital resources), and risk factors associated with @entity1173 and @entity55 in a population of critically ill tube-fed @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study conducted over a 2-yr period. SETTING: Five intensive care units in a university-affiliated medical center with level I @entity130 status. @entity1 : Each of the 360 adult @entity1 participated for 4 days. Among the inclusion criteria were mechanical ventilation and tube feedings. An exclusion criterion was physician-diagnosed @entity55 at the time of enrollment. INTERVENTION: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAJOR RESULTS: Almost 6,000 tracheal secretions collected during routine suctioning were assayed for pepsin; of these, 31.3% were positive. At least one @entity1173 event was identified in 88.9% (n = 320) of the @entity1 . The incidence of @entity55 (as determined by the Clinical @entity358 Score) increased from 24% on day 1 to 48% on day 4. @entity1 with @entity55 on day 4 had a significantly higher percentage of pepsin-positive tracheal secretions than did those without @entity55 (42.2% vs. 21.1%, respectively; p < .001). Length of stay in the intensive care unit and need for ventilator support were significantly greater for @entity1 with @entity55 (p < .01). A low backrest elevation was a risk factor for @entity1173 (p = .024) and @entity55 (p = .018). Other risk factors for @entity1173 included vomiting (p = .007), gastric feedings (p = .009), a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score <9 (p = .021), and @entity354 (p = .033). The most significant independent risk factors for @entity55 were @entity1173 (p < .001), use of paralytic agents (p = .002), and a high sedation level (p = .039). CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration of gastric contents is common in critically ill tube-fed @entity1 and is a major risk factor for @entity55 . Furthermore, it leads to greater use of hospital resources. Modifiable risk factors for @entity1173 need to be addressed.

title: Tracheobronchial @entity1173 of gastric contents in critically ill tube-fed XXXX : frequency, outcomes, and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary Infection']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report long-term results of rituximab induction monotherapy in @entity1 with low- @entity5 -burden @entity706 (LTBFL). @entity1 AND METHODS: Of 49 first-line LTBFL @entity1 who received weekly doses of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)), 46 have been followed with a long-term analysis of clinical and molecular responses. RESULTS: Best clinical response (at any staging within a year following treatment) was 80%, 24 (52%) @entity1 had complete or unconfirmed complete response, 13 (28%) had partial response and 9 (20%) had stable or progressive disease. Of 31 @entity1 having a positive @entity588 -JH rearrangement, 15 (48%) became negative following treatment. After 83.9 months of follow-up (95% confidence interval 6.4-92.8 months), the median progression-free survival @entity4318 .5 months and overall survival (OS) is 91.7%. Five @entity1 died (one progression, one @entity2590 , one diffuse large @entity1892 and two solid @entity5 ). Seven @entity1 (15%) are progression-free including five who are @entity588 informative. No unexpected long-term adverse event has been observed. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of @entity1 remain progression-free 7 years after a single 4-dose rituximab treatment in first-line LTBFL. The 7-year overall survivalOS is very high in this selected population of @entity1 .

title: Rituximab induction immunotherapy for first-line low- XXXX -burden @entity706 : survival analyses with 7-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Our objective was to evaluate @entity256 after stenting of femoropopliteal occlusions and the impact of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) on recurrent @entity850 . We used a retrospective analysis of contrast angiograms obtained during follow-up of stented limbs. Subjects included 27 claudicants (34 limbs) who had @entity432 treated with @entity865 and Wallstents at the Veterans Adminstration Medical Center. During follow-up, 31 PTAs, three thrombolytic treatments, and one additional stenting were performed. Outcome was measured by contrast angiography. Primary patency at 1 and 3 years was 38% and 8% after stenting, and secondary patency ( @entity865 required at least once in 21/34 limbs) was 89% and 55%, respectively. @entity865 performed during follow-up reduced within-stent @entity256 on average from 48.3 +/- 13.6% to 22.8 +/- 18.0%. Recurrent @entity850 after @entity865 measured 14.9 +/- 10.9 months later was 46.8 +/- 16.7%, showing little permanent impact of @entity865 on @entity850 . Severe within-stent @entity850 develops commonly after initial stenting of complete femoropopliteal occlusions. Supplemental @entity865 performed during follow-up provides immediate improvement in lumen diameter, but severe @entity256 is still likely to recur.

title: Transluminal stenting for @entity432 : analysis of XXXX by serial arteriography.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['complete superficial femoral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Limb salvage with endoprosthetic reconstruction is the standard of care for the management of @entity5 in skeletally mature @entity1 . The risk of @entity86 in these procedures is high and the outcomes can be devastating. The most effective prophylactic antibiotic regimen remains unknown, and current clinical practice is highly varied. This trial will evaluate the effect of varying postoperative prophylactic antibiotic regimens on the incidence of @entity281 following surgical excision and endoprosthetic reconstruction of @entity5 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre, blinded, randomised controlled trial, using a parallel two-arm design. 920 @entity1 15 years of age or older from 12 tertiary care centres across Canada and the USA who are undergoing surgical excision and endoprosthetic reconstruction of a primary @entity5 will receive either short (24 h) or long (5 days) duration postoperative antibiotics. Exclusion criteria include prior surgery or infection within the planned operative field, known colonisation with @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 or @entity2176 -resistant Enterococcus at enrolment, or @entity566 to the study antibiotics. The primary outcome will be rates of @entity86 in each arm. Secondary outcomes will include type and frequency of antibiotic-related adverse events, @entity1 functional outcomes and quality-of-life scores, reoperation and mortality. Randomisation will be blocked, with block sizes known only to the methods centre responsible for randomisation, and stratified by location of @entity5 and study centre. @entity1 , care givers and a Central Adjudication Committee will be blinded to treatment allocation. The analysis to compare groups will be performed using Cox regression and log-rank tests to compare survival functions at a=0.05. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has ethics approval from the McMaster University/Hamilton Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (REB# 12-009). Successful completion will significantly impact on clinical practice and enhance @entity1 ' lives. More broadly, this trial will develop a network of collaboration from which further high-quality trials in Orthopaedic Oncology will follow.

title: Prophylactic antibiotic regimens in XXXX surgery (PARITY): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity bone tumours', 'bone tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['deep postoperative infections', 'deep postoperative infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']