abstract: Twelve cases of low-grade @entity242 are presented. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 6 to 51 years; all but three were between 26 and 46 years of age. The @entity5 was located in the thigh or inguinal area in four @entity1 , in the shoulder area in three @entity1 , and in the axilla-chest wall area, the perineum, the small bowel mesentery, the neck, and the buttock in one @entity1 each. @entity5 size (maximum dimension) varied from 3.5 to 15 cm in the nine cases in which it was known (median, 9.5 cm). Histologically, the @entity5 demonstrated contrasting fibrous and myxoid areas, a swirling, whorled growth pattern (at least in part), and bland, deceptively benign-appearing fibroblastic spindle cells; cellularity was low to moderate, mitotic figures were uncommon, and nuclear pleomorphism was usually absent or slight. Focal histologic findings in a minority of the cases included increased perivascular cellularity, moderate nuclear pleomorphism (more often in recurrent @entity5 ), and, in myxoid areas, a rich capillary vascular network (vascularity was usually not prominent). On follow-up, nine @entity1 experienced local recurrence (from one to numerous times); recurrence was subsequently controlled in five cases but not in the remaining four. Distant @entity3 occurred in seven cases, chiefly to the lungs, but two of these @entity1 were rendered @entity5 -free (to latest follow-up) by excision of @entity3 . At latest follow-up, four @entity1 had died of @entity5 at 8, 9, 31, and 31 1/2 years, respectively, three were alive with recurrent or @entity3 at 6 1/2, 12 1/2, and 50 years, respectively, and five were alive and @entity5 -free at 5 1/2, 10 1/2, 12, 22 1/2, and 44 years, respectively. One @entity5 , in the @entity1 who died at 31 years, demonstrated "dedifferentiation" at 30 years. @entity8597 is a distinctive, indolent soft-tissue @entity242 .

title: XXXX . A report of 12 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8597 :: ('MESH:D036821', 'Disease') :: ['Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'fibromyxoid sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity8597 :: (MESH:D036821,Disease) :: ['Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To support the adoption of guideline concordant care by primary care practices, the New York @entity6 (NYDC) promoted use of an electronic @entity6 registry and developed an interactive educational module on using the registry and improving @entity1 communication. The NYDC hypothesized that use of a registry with immediate feedback would achieve measurable and clinically meaningful improvement in the proportion of @entity1 at goal for @entity6 health metrics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 2006-2007, the NYDC recruited 7 small to midsized primary care practices to implement the registry and to receive education and @entity15285 on registry use, practice work flow, and @entity1 engagement. The @entity1 cohort included those with 2 or more visits with a diagnosis of @entity6 within a 12-month period. Each @entity1 's health measure status (at goal, above goal, not recorded) was assessed quarterly for hemoglobin @entity3916 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and blood pressure (BP), and most recent @entity3916 value was noted. A cohort analysis was performed using random effects regression models to assess the impact of the registry over time for each @entity6 health metric. RESULTS: After controlling for variability between sites, with each subsequent quarter during the registry period @entity1 were 1.4 times more likely to have @entity3916  <= 9, almost twice (OR = 1.8) as likely to have LDL < 100, and 1.3 times more likely to have BP < 140/90. These improvements in compliance were statistically significant. Average @entity3916 also improved over time, though this did not reach statistical significance. DISCUSSION: Utilizing a Web-based registry and interactive education, the project demonstrated improved @entity1 outcomes, as well as the feasibility of collecting aggregate data from unrelated, independent practices.

title: Improving XXXX outcomes using a web-based registry and interactive education: a multisite collaborative approach.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes Coalition']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Smoking rate is disproportionately high among @entity1 with @entity161 , resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. However, cigarette smoking has been reported to have beneficial effects on negative symptoms, @entity21 , cognitive functioning and mood symptoms. Therefore, smoking cessation may worsen disability in @entity161 . The association between smoking and these key clinical parameters was examined. Additionally, severity of smoking across four different antipsychotic treatment groups was explored. METHOD: One hundred and forty-six @entity1 with @entity161 were assessed for smoking using expired @entity1223 and smoking history. They were administered the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, Reitans @entity2205 -making Test (A and B) and General Health Questionnaire-28. RESULTS: There was no difference in the @entity2644 equivalent dose of any of the medications studied. Atypical agents were associated with significantly lower levels of smoking when compared with typical medications. There was no difference in smoking severity between the individual atypical medications examined. Similarly, there were no significant differences between smoking and non-smoking groups with regard to Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, @entity2205 -making Test and General Health Questionnaire-28. However, there was a significant difference between these groups with the smoking group demonstrating less @entity2146 . CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is not associated with positive, negative @entity73 in @entity161 . Smoking is associated with lower levels of antipsychotic induced @entity2146 . Clinicians should not be discouraged from helping @entity1 stop smoking for fear of worsening symptoms. However, @entity2146 may emerge upon cessation of smoking. Switching @entity1 from typical to atypical antipsychotics may assist @entity1 with @entity161 to give up smoking.

title: Smoking and XXXX : is symptom profile related to smoking and which antipsychotic medication is of benefit in reducing cigarette use?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and mood symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The recessive @entity19 mutant @entity26601 (rv) affects the morphogenesis of the axial skeleton. The phenotype is characterized by @entity154 such as fusion of adjacent segments, hemivertebrae, or open neural arches and rib defects including fusions, forked ribs, and additional ribs. We have analyzed this mutant in detail and are able to show that defective somite patterning underlies the @entity600 . The rv mutation leads to an elongation of the presomitic mesoderm and a disruption of the anterior-posterior polarization of somites, as indicated by the abnormal expression of @entity39817 and @entity45673 . Somites are irregular in size but the overall formation of somites appears unaffected. These changes are reminiscent of somite defects obtained in loss of function alleles of the Delta-Notch pathway. Expression of the Notch pathway components @entity13186 ( @entity13186 ) and @entity45674 ( @entity45674 ) are altered in rv mutants. To investigate possible interactions of rv with components of the Notch pathway, we crossed rv into @entity13186 (lacZ). Double heterozygous (rv/+; @entity13186 (lacZ)/+) @entity19 show @entity154 and homozygous animals with one inactive @entity13186 allele (rv/rv; @entity13186 (lacZ)/+) exhibit a dramatic increase in phenotypic severity, indicating that rv and @entity13186 genetically interact. We have mapped rv to a region on chromosome 7 that is syntenic to @entity1 chromosomes 11p, 10q, and 11p. rv is phenotypically similar to @entity1 @entity600 and can serve as a model for these conditions.

title: XXXX mutant " @entity26601 (rv): a defect in somite polarity.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral defects']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral malformations syndromes', 'vertebral malformations']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The original 20-item Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) has not undergone Rasch validation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether Rasch analysis supports the UEFI as a measure of a single construct (ie, @entity2319 ) and whether a Rasch-validated UEFI has adequate reproducibility for individual-level @entity1 evaluation. DESIGN: This was a secondary analysis of data from a repeated-measures study designed to evaluate the measurement properties of the UEFI over a 3-week period. METHODS: @entity1 (n=239) with @entity85 were recruited from 17 physical therapy clinics across 4 Canadian provinces. Rasch analysis of the UEFI measurement properties was performed. If the UEFI did not fit the Rasch model, misfitting @entity1 were deleted, items with poor response structure were corrected, and misfitting items and redundant items were deleted. The impact of differential item functioning on the ability estimate of @entity1 was investigated. RESULTS: A 15-item modified UEFI was derived to achieve fit to the Rasch model where the total score was supported as a measure of @entity2319 only. The resultant UEFI-15 interval-level scale (0-100, worst to best state) demonstrated excellent internal consistency ( @entity1 separation index=0.94) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [2,1]=.95). The minimal detectable change at the 90% confidence interval was 8.1. LIMITATIONS: @entity1 who were ambidextrous or bilaterally affected were excluded to allow for the analysis of differential item functioning due to limb involvement and arm dominance. CONCLUSION: Rasch analysis did not support the validity of the 20-item UEFI. However, the UEFI-15 was a valid and reliable interval-level measure of a single dimension: @entity2319 . Rasch analysis supports using the UEFI-15 in physical therapist practice to quantify @entity2319 in @entity1 with @entity85 of the upper extremity.

title: A Rasch-validated version of the upper extremity functional index for interval-level measurement of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity function']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders', 'musculoskeletal upper extremity disorders']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['upper extremity function']


abstract: We have shown that nonvoltage-operated @entity141 entry regulates @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation on type IV collagen. We now demonstrate a requirement for @entity141 influx for activation of the @entity3547 pathway during endothelial cell spreading on type IV collagen. Reorganization of actin into stress fibers was complete when the cells where fully spread at 90 minutes. No actin organization into stress fibers was seen in endothelial cells plated on type I collagen, indicating a permissive effect of type IV collagen. CAI, a blocker of nonvoltage-operated @entity141 channels, prevented development of stress fiber formation in endothelial cells on type IV collagen. This permissive effect was augmented by @entity141 influx, as stimulated by 0. 5 microM @entity2426 or 0.1 microM @entity1360 , yielding faster development of actin stress fibers. @entity141 influx and actin rearrangement in response to @entity2426 and @entity1360 were abrogated by CAI. Activated, membrane-bound @entity3547 is a substrate for C3 exoenzyme which @entity857 -ribosylates and inactivates @entity3547 , preventing actin stress fiber formation. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with C3 exoenzyme prevented basal and @entity2426 -augmented stress fiber formation. While regulation of @entity141 influx did not alter @entity3547 translocation, it reduced in vitro @entity857 -ribosylation of @entity3547 (P(2)<0. 05), suggesting @entity141 influx is needed for @entity3547 activation during spreading on type IV collagen; no @entity141 regulated change in @entity3547 was seen in HUVECs spreading on type I collagen matrix. Blockade of @entity141 influx of HUVEC spread on type IV collagen also reduced @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity35641 and blocked @entity2426 -enhanced binding of @entity35641 to focal adhesion kinase. Thus, @entity141 influx is necessary for @entity3547 activation and for linkage of the @entity3547 /stress fiber cascade to the focal adhesion/focal adhesion kinase pathway during @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell spreading on type IV collagen.

title: Regulation of the XXXX pathway in @entity1 endothelial cell spreading on type IV collagen: role of calcium influx.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3547 :: (387,Gene) :: ['RhoA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression ratio of @entity5316 (AE9a) isoform in t(8;21) @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and its clinical significance. METHODS: Bone marrow samples from 44 newly diagnosed t(8;21) @entity3052 @entity1 co-expressed AE9a and AE were screened by RT-PCR. The alteration of the AE9a expression ratio was monitored during follow-up by using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR). RESULTS: The expression level of AE9a was markedly lower than that of AE in these @entity1 . There was a positive correlation between the expression level of AE9a and AE in most of bone marrow samples. The transcript level of both AE9a and AE was decreased in the 44 @entity1 after one course of standard chemotherapy, but the percentage of AE9a expression level was increased in comparison with that before treatment (P < 0.05). After one course of standard chemotherapy treatment, the percentage of AE9a in incomplete remission (ICR) @entity1 was significantly higher than that in CR @entity1 (P < 0.05). Relapsed @entity1 had a higher AE9a ratio than the unrelapsed @entity1 (P < 0.05). During the remission, the percentage of AE9a in 11/17 relapsed @entity1 obviously elevated even while the expression of AE fusion gene at low level. CONCLUSIONS: AE9a and AE co-expressed in most of @entity3052 @entity1 with t(8;21) translocation. The expression level of AE9a was lower than that of AE, and there is a positive correlation between the expression level of these two isoforms. The sensitivity of AE9a gene to the standard chemotherapy is less than that of the AE fusion gene. Monitoring the AE9a to AE ratio during the CR can predict the early relapse of the disease compared to monitoring the AE alone.

title: [Monitoring the expression ratio of @entity5316 isoform in t(8;21) XXXX and its significance].

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: The gut microbiota contributes to fat mass and the susceptibility to @entity28 . However, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. To investigate whether the gut microbiota affects hypothalamic and brainstem body fat-regulating circuits, we compared gene expression of food intake-regulating neuropeptides between germ-free and conventionally raised (CONV-R) @entity19 . We found that CONV-R @entity19 had decreased expression of the antiobesity neuropeptide glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity20647 ) precursor proglucagon ( @entity20647 ) in the brainstem. Moreover, in both the @entity2339 and the brainstem, CONV-R @entity19 had decreased expression of the antiobesity neuropeptide @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ). CONV-R @entity19 had reduced expression of the pro- @entity28 peptides @entity32327 ( @entity32327 ) and @entity29930 ( @entity29930 ), and increased expression of the antiobesity peptides proopiomelanocortin ( @entity11982 ) and @entity2072 - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript (Cart) in the @entity2339 . The latter changes in neuropeptide expression could be secondary to elevated fat mass in CONV-R @entity19 . Leptin treatment caused less @entity353 and less suppression of orexigenic @entity32327 and @entity29930 expression in CONV-R @entity19 compared with germ-free @entity19 . The hypothalamic expression of leptin resistance-associated suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 ( @entity26102 ) was increased in CONV-R @entity19 . In conclusion, the gut microbiota reduces the expression of 2 genes coding for body fat-suppressing neuropeptides, @entity20647 and @entity9140 , an alteration that may contribute to fat mass induction by the gut microbiota. Moreover, the presence of body fat-inducing gut microbiota is associated with hypothalamic signs of @entity26102 -mediated leptin resistance, which may be linked to failed compensatory body fat reduction.

title: The gut microbiota reduces leptin sensitivity and the expression of the @entity28 -suppressing neuropeptides proglucagon ( XXXX ) and @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) in the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Bdnf', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity20647 :: (14526(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Gcg']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity338 ( @entity2478 ) is a serious and rare complication associated with valve replacement surgery. Studies have shown a 3% to 6% incidence of @entity338 with hemodynamic repercussion. Few studies have compared surgical and percutaneous approaches for repair. OBJECTIVES: To compare the surgical and percutaneous approaches for @entity338 repair regarding clinical outcomes during hospitalization and one year after the procedure. METHODS: This is a retrospective, descriptive and observational study that included 35 @entity1 with @entity2478 , requiring repair, and followed up at the Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology between January 2011 and December 2013. @entity1 were divided into groups according to the established treatment and followed up for 1 year after the procedure. RESULTS: The group submitted to percutaneous treatment was considered to be at higher risk for complications because of the older age of @entity1 , higher prevalence of @entity6 , greater number of previous valve surgeries and lower mean @entity1011 clearance value. During hospitalization, both groups had a large number of complications (74.3% of cases), with no statistical difference in the analyzed outcomes. After 1 year, the percutaneous group had a greater number of re-interventions (8.7% vs 20%, p = 0.57) and a higher mortality rate (0% vs. 20%, p = 0.08). A high incidence of residual mitral leak was observed after the percutaneous procedure (8.7% vs. 50%, p = 0.08). CONCLUSION: Surgery is the treatment of choice for @entity338 . The percutaneous approach can be an alternative for @entity1 at high surgical risk.

title: XXXX : Clinical Outcomes in Surgical and Percutaneous Treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular leak']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Paravalvular regurgitation', 'paravalvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['Paravalvular Regurgitation']


abstract: In eucaryotic cells reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are produced in the reactions catalyzed by @entity1110 oxidase and by some other specialized oxidases and also as an inevitable by-product of many redox reactions. Intracellular ROS synthesis is regulated by various hormones, cytokines, and growth factors. An increase in the ROS levels above a certain threshold (so-called oxidative stress) is accompanied by processes that are harmful for cell survival, such as lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins and nucleic acids. However, at low concentrations ROS act as secondary messengers responsible for a signal transduction from extracellular signaling molecules and their membrane receptors to the intracellular regulatory systems which control gene expression. Cellular transcriptional response to ROS is mediated mainly by activation of MAP protein kinases and submitted transcription factors @entity1178 , ATF, and NF-kappaB. A number of specific genes is also induced under @entity519 , i.e., under conditions opposite to oxidative stress. Cellular transcriptional response on @entity519 is mediated by activation of transcription factors @entity7738 and @entity1178 . Together with ROS, @entity842 fulfills the role of a mobile and highly reactive redox-sensitive signaling molecule. Chemical reactions of NO with the @entity224 anion and with other free radicals leads to production of highly reactive intermediates. Depending on the ratio of their intracellular concentrations, NO and ROS can either enhance or attenuate their reciprocal effects on cells.

title: Reactive XXXX species and regulation of gene expression.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity4674 oxidase, which catalyzes an irreversible step of the respiratory chain, is one of the rate-controlling steps of oxidative phosphorylation on isolated mitochondria. The rate of electron transfer through the complex is primarily controlled by the associated thermodynamic forces, i.e., the span in redox potential between @entity26 and @entity4674 and the protonmotive force. However, the electron flux also depends on the various kinetic effectors, including adenylic @entity2036 . Although the number of binding sites for @entity855 and @entity857 on cytochrome oxidase is still a matter of debate, experiments performed on the solubilized and reconstituted enzyme provide strong functional evidence that the @entity1 @entity4674 oxidase binds adenylic @entity2036 on both sides of the inner membrane. These effects include modification in @entity4674 affinity, allosteric inhibition and changes in proton pumping efficiency. Immunological studies have pointed out the role of subunit IV and that of an @entity855 -binding protein, subunit VIa, in these kinetic regulations. In @entity375 , the role of the nuclear-encoded subunits in assembly and regulation of the @entity4674 oxidase has been further substantiated by using gene-disruption analysis. Using a subunit VIa-null mutant, the consequences of the @entity855 regulation on oxidative phosphorylation have been further investigated on isolated mitochondria. Taken together, the data demonstrate that there are multiple regulating sites for @entity855 on the @entity375 cytochrome oxidase with respect to the location (matrix versus cytosolic side), kinetic effect (activation versus inhibition) and consequence on the flow-force relationships. The question is therefore raised as to the physiological meaning of such feedback regulation of the respiratory chain by @entity855 in the control and regulation of cellular energy metabolism.

title: Regulation of @entity4674 oxidase by adenylic XXXX . Is oxidative phosphorylation feedback regulated by its end-products?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity4674 :: ('54205', 'Gene') :: ['Cytochrome c', 'cytochrome c']

answer: @entity2036 :: (MESH:D009711,Chemical) :: ['nucleotides']


abstract: A @entity35 @entity1313 model was prepared by semi-stereotactically implanting 1 x 10(6) RG--C6 @entity5 cells (chemically induced and maintained in vitro) in the right caudate nucleus of inbred WKA @entity35 by a new method "Soft Agar Technique" which we developed. The @entity5 grew at a nearly fixed rate. We measured the maximum @entity5 area and the whole brain area of the @entity35 brain which were sectioned coronary in series. We regarded the percentage of the @entity5 area to the whole area of the same section as @entity5 growth index. Microcytotoxicity assays of peripheral blood lymphocytes were performed at various stages of the @entity5 growth. RG--C6 cells were used as target cells, and they mixed with lymphocytes by Takasugi and Klein's method. @entity137 index was higher in 22 cases (80.00 +/- 16.67; @entity5 growth index, 0--10) than in 28 cases of the control group (67. 25 +/- 19.68) and then gradually decreased with @entity5 growth (Fig. 2). At last @entity137 index went down to 41.55 +/- 24.94 in 11 cases ( @entity5 growth index, over 31). These observations have a strong resemblance to other @entity5 models and suggest that the @entity35 having @entity1313 intra-axially have concomitant immunity especially in the first stage of @entity5 bearing.

title: [Immunological surveillance mechanism of a XXXX @entity1313 model--study of time-lapse changes in the concomitant immunity of peripheral blood lymphocytes by microcytotoxicity assays (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'animal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) accounts for majority of @entity96 and is the leading cause of @entity5 related @entity204 in Asia. Like any other @entity5 , @entity157 develops when there is a mutation to the cellular machinery that causes the cell to replicate at a higher rate and results in the loss of apoptosis. Therefore, a delicate balance between the expression of various genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis decide the ultimate fate of the cell to undergo rapid proliferation ( @entity5 ) or cell @entity204 . RESULTS: The @entity47137 based compounds exhibited effective cytotoxicity at 4  M concentration and have shown G1 cell cycle arrest with decrease in levels of G1 cell cycle proteins such as @entity4910 and @entity20127 . Involvement of @entity5 suppressor proteins such as @entity983 and @entity876 was studied. Interestingly these compounds displayed decrease in the phosphorylated forms of AKT, p38 MAPK and @entity1366 which play a vital role in cell proliferation. Compounds have exhibited strong and significant effect on the expression of micro RNAs such as miR-195a _ @entity49895 which regulate hepatic cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The cell cycle arrest and apoptotic inducing nature of these compounds was revealed by FACS, @entity1603 cell proliferation and tunel assays. Compounds affected both @entity5 suppressor proteins as well as proteins that are involved in active cell proliferation. Micro RNAs whose target is @entity4910 such as miR-195a and @entity49895 that is required for growth of @entity157 cells was drastically affected. These compounds caused apoptosis by activating @entity522 and @entity9190 .

title: Effect of XXXX based conjugates in causing apoptosis by Regulating @entity876 , @entity983 and MAP Kinase proteins affecting miR-195a and @entity49895 .

entities_list: @entity47137 :: ('MESH:C005465', 'Chemical') :: ['benzothiazole']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatoma']

answer: @entity47137 :: (MESH:C005465,Chemical) :: ['Benzothiazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present the experience of the North American UroLume Multicenter Study Group with removal of the UroLume endoprosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 160 @entity16 @entity1 were enrolled in the North American UroLume Multicenter Study Group for detrusor external sphincter @entity2055 application. Analysis was performed in 2 groups of @entity1 in which the device was removed during insertion and after implantation, respectively. RESULTS: Device retrieval was required during insertion in 21 @entity1 (13%) mainly due to misplacement or migration in 17. Extraction was done with minimal complications and in all but 2 cases subsequent UroLume implantation was successful. Of 158 @entity1 with the device in place 31 (19.6%) required removal. In 34 procedures 44 devices were removed, mainly due to migration. Time from implantation to removal ranged from 4 days to 66 months (mean 22 months). The UroLume was removed en bloc in 20 cases and in parts or wire by wire in 19. The majority of @entity1 had no or minimal complications after extraction. Only 2 @entity1 had serious temporary complications, including @entity548 and @entity130 , with no lasting consequences. No malignancy developed as a result of UroLume insertion. CONCLUSIONS: While there is a potential for @entity130 and @entity548 , UroLume endoprosthesis removal is largely a simple procedure with minimal complications and consequences.

title: Removal of UroLume endoprosthesis: experience of the North American Study Group for detrusor-sphincter XXXX application.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologically impaired']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['dyssynergia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a multifactorial syndrome that is poorly defined. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate whether a 3-factor profile incorporating @entity353 (> or = 10%), low food intake (< or = 1500 kcal/d), and systemic @entity32 ( @entity1851 > or = 10 mg/L) might relate better to the adverse functional aspects of @entity3085 and to a @entity1 's overall prognosis than will @entity353 alone. DESIGN: One hundred seventy weight-losing (> or = 5%) @entity1 with advanced @entity788 were screened for nutritional status, functional status, performance score, health status, and quality of life. @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 6 mo, and survival was noted. @entity1 were characterized by using the individual factors, > or = 2 factors, or all 3 factors. RESULTS: Weight loss alone did not define a population that differed in functional aspects of self-reported quality of life or health status and differed only in objective factors of physical function. The 3-factor profile identified both reduced subjective and objective function. In the overall population, the 3 factors, > or = 2 factors, and individual profile factors (except @entity353 ) all carried adverse prognostic significance (P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that the 3-factor profile carried adverse prognostic significance in localized (hazard ratio: 4.9; P < 0.001) but not in metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss alone does not identify the full effect of @entity3085 on physical function and is not a prognostic variable. The 3-factor profile ( @entity353 , reduced food intake, and systemic @entity32 ) identifies @entity1 with both adverse function and prognosis. Shortened survival applies particularly to cachectic @entity1 with @entity66 , thereby reinforcing the need for early intervention.

title: Definition of cancer @entity3085 : effect of @entity353 , reduced food intake, and systemic XXXX on functional status and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer cachexia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognosis after @entity1167 is variable and difficult to predict. Early prognostic markers would facilitate the care of these @entity1 . AIMS: Therefore, we evaluated the impact of initial interventions after resuscitation on neurological outcome at 6 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the @entity1 charts from consecutive @entity1167 @entity1 admitted to our intensive care unit and treated with induced @entity2332 . RESULTS: Over a 3-year period, 90 @entity1 were included in our study. Sixty-four percent of the @entity1 had @entity358 . An @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ) was used in 19% of the @entity1 and the mean time to first defibrillation was 11 +/- 8.9 minutes. @entity1 being resuscitated and defibrillated by bystanders did better than those who had @entity13324 only and far better than those @entity1 in whom no rescue measures where attempted at all (73% vs. 56% vs. 32% for good neurological outcome, respectively, p= 0.03). Witnessed @entity1167 was more frequent in @entity1 with a good outcome than in those who collapsed without a witness (91% vs 75%, p = 0.03). In 76% of the @entity1 with good outcome, @entity13324 was performed whereas only 52% benefited from these measures in the bad outcome group (p = 0.01). Although the use of an @entity4610 was not significantly different between good and bad outcome groups (26% vs. 11%, p = 0.06), time to first defibrillation was significantly lower in @entity1 with good outcome (8.7 +/- 6.3 vs. 13.3 +/- 11.3 minutes, p = 0.05). In the 17 @entity1 in whom an @entity4610 was used, 12 (71%) recovered without major sequelae whereas in the 73 cases where no @entity4610 was used, only 34 (47%) had a good outcome (p = 0.06). At 6 months follow-up, 46 (51%) survivors had a good outcome (cerebral performance category 1-2), 5 (6%) survived with severe @entity16 or stayed in @entity772 and 39 (43%) died. CONCLUSIONS: Our local data confirm that early interventions have a major impact on survival of @entity1167 @entity1 . Efforts should concentrate on delivering rapid and high quality @entity13324 as well as @entity8658 by @entity4610 's to every @entity1 in @entity1167 . Besides large scale Basic life support training, the introduction of dispatcher assisted @entity13324 and the implementation and use of public @entity4610 's could considerably help to improve outcome in these @entity1 .

title: Impact of initial intervention on long-term neurological recovey after XXXX : data from the Luxembourg "North Pole" cohort.

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['automated external defibrillator', 'AED']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['bystander cardio-pulmonary resuscitation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: 'Off' periods increase as @entity191 ( @entity191 ) progresses and the benefits of standard therapy wane. Subcutaneous @entity3826 rescues 'off' periods, but @entity1 self-injection and adverse cutaneous effects are sometimes problematic. METHODS: We assessed safety, tolerability and efficacy of inhaled dry powder @entity3826 (VR040) in a double-blind clinic-based Phase II study. Of 48 @entity1 recruited at nine sites, 47 were randomized 2:1 inhaled @entity3826 /placebo. Respirable doses (drug predicted to reach the lung), ascending through 1.5, 2.3, 3.0 and 4.0 mg until efficacy was achieved, were administered to @entity1 in a practically defined 'off' state. The primary endpoint was the response in unified @entity191 rating scale Part 3 (UPDRS 3), at the highest dose received by the @entity1 . Secondary endpoints included time to 'on', the proportion of @entity1 converting from 'off' to 'on', and duration of 'on'. RESULTS: In the 47 intent-to-treat @entity1 with @entity191 , mean age 60.6 years, the mean UPDRS 3 improvement was significantly greater for VR040 at 26.8 points (standard deviation 12.0), vs 14.9 (16.3) for placebo (treatment difference 11.6, 95% confidence interval 2.3-20.9, P = 0.016). Rapid @entity3826 absorption (2-7 min) translated to rapid (mean 10 min) reversal from the 'off' state. Adverse effects did not differ between VR040 and placebo; no @entity1 discontinued due to an adverse event; one serious adverse event ( @entity1142 ) in the VR040 group was considered unrelated to trial medication. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled @entity3826 shows significant promise as a replacement for intermittent subcutaneous injections; further studies are appropriate to optimize efficacy and tolerability.

title: Inhaled dry powder XXXX (VR040) for 'off  ' periods in @entity191 : an in-clinic double-blind dose ranging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity3826 :: (MESH:D001058,Chemical) :: ['apomorphine']


abstract: The protein product of the neu (proto)oncogene @entity13719 is an analog of the @entity10816 . Immunoblot analyses of cell surface fractions (microvilli) from the ascites 13762 @entity35 mammary @entity420 indicate that these cells contain @entity13719 but not @entity10816 . Phalloidin shift velocity sedimentation analysis indicated that essentially all of the microvillar p185 co-migrated with microvillar microfilament cores when extractions were performed under microfilament-stabilizing conditions. Fractionation studies of these microvilli indicated that the association of p185 with the microfilament core is mediated by its stable interaction with a previously described transmembrane complex (TMC), composed minimally of at least four glycoproteins, a 58-kDa cytoplasmic membrane protein, and actin (Carraway, C. A. C., Jung, G., and Carraway, K. L. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 430-434). A fraction of the p185 co-purifies with a large (> 2 x 10(6) kDa) complex of the TMC glycoproteins on gel filtration of microvilli, microfilament cores, or microvillar membranes in buffer containing 1 M KCl at pH 9.5, which are conditions required for the dissociation of actin from the complex. We propose that p185-containing TMC serves as a signal transduction particle at the surface of the 13762 cells and may be a prototype for similar microfilament-associated signal-transducing complexes in other cells.

title: Association of XXXX with microfilaments via a large glycoprotein complex in mammary carcinoma microvilli. Evidence for a microfilament-associated signal transduction particle.

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10816 :: ('24329(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity13719 :: (24337(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['p185neu']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there is evidence that acupuncture is effective in the treatment of recurrent @entity10 . DESIGN: Systematic review. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized or quasi-randomized clinical trials comparing acupuncture with any type of control intervention for the treatment of recurrent @entity10 . DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Field for Complementary Medicine, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register), personal communications and bibliographies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Information on @entity1 , interventions, methods, and results were extracted by at least two independent reviewers using a pretested form. A pooled estimate of the responder rate ratio (responder rate in treatment group/responder rate in control group) was calculated as a crude indicator of trial results as meta-analysis of more specific outcome data was impossible due to heterogeneity and insufficient reporting. RESULTS: Twenty-two trials, including a total of 1042 @entity1 (median 36, range 10-150), met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen trials were in @entity2704 @entity1 , six in @entity2701 @entity1 , and in one trial @entity1 with various @entity10 were included. The majority of the 14 trials comparing true and sham acupuncture showed at least a trend in favor of true acupuncture. The pooled responder rate ratio was 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 2.11). The eight trials comparing acupuncture and other treatment forms had contradictory results. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the existing evidence suggests that acupuncture has a role in the treatment of recurrent @entity10 . However, the quality and amount of evidence is not fully convincing. There is urgent need for well-planned, large-scale studies to assess effectiveness and efficiency of acupuncture under real life conditions.

title: Acupuncture for recurrent XXXX : a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headaches']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical managements for residual or recurrent diseases in the neck after radiotherapy in @entity189 . METHODS: Seventy-eight cases of neck masses (39 cases for unilateral @entity66 , 9 for bilateral @entity66 and 30 for recurrent diseases) after radiotherapy in @entity189 who were treated surgically between January 1990 and December 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 56 males and 22 females. Their ages ranged from 28 to 65 years (median 41 years). There were 27 @entity1 with skin involvement. After preoperative imaging assessment, 17 @entity1 whose common carotid arteries or internal carotid arteries were difficult to separate routinely attained the carotid balloon occlusion test which confirmed that 15 cases of cerebral arterial circle open to compensation, however, two cases of poor compensation. Surgical procedures included expanded neck mass resection (21 cases), unilateral radical neck dissection (49 cases) and bilateral radical neck dissection (8 cases). Of them 5 @entity1 were with unilateral internal carotid artery resection. Neck defects were repaired with pectoralis major @entity121 (15 cases), free anterolateral femoral skin flaps (9 cases) and trapezius @entity121 (3 cases). Of the 78 @entity1 , 13 with microscopic positive diseases and 2 with @entity66 in internal carotid artery walls underwent postoperative radiotherapy, with the doses of 45 to 50 Gy. RESULTS: All @entity1 were closely followed-up more than 5 years. Three- and five-year survival rates were 46.2% and 28.3% respectively. Neck defects were successfully repaired with skin flaps immediately after resecting diseases in 27 cases, only one @entity1 with @entity245 . Of 51 @entity1 without skin flap repair, neck wounds healed successfully in 45 @entity1 and with @entity245 in 6 @entity1 . Pathological positive rates of lymph nodes located in the level I, II, III, IV and V were 10.5%, 61.4%, 10.5%, 1.8% and 28.1% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative balloon occlusion test is required to assess the function of Willis' ring before determining ligation or resection of internal carotid artery. Residual or recurrent diseases commonly exist in level II, VA and III, which should be included in neck dissection. Pectoralis major muscle flap and free anterolateral femoral skin flap are recommended for the repair of neck defect.

title: [Surgical management for residual or recurrent diseases in the neck after radiotherapy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual diseases']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many individuals with @entity6 experience @entity9 , often without objective signs of large-fiber @entity16 . We examined intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) to evaluate the role of small nerve fibers in the genesis of @entity9 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity6 subjects with @entity9 and 13 without were studied. The @entity158 was present for at least 6 months for which no other cause could be found. Punch skin biopsies were obtained from the distal leg. IENFs were stained using antibody to protein gene product 9.5 and counted with confocal microscopy. @entity16 was graded by vibration perception and cold detection thresholds and the Michigan @entity16 Screening Instrument. RESULTS: In the total cohort, IENF density was significantly lower in those with @entity158 compared with those without (3 [1-6] vs. 10 [3-19], respectively, P = 0.02). There were significant inverse correlations between IENF and severity of @entity16 , with the @entity158 group having a flatter gradient than their @entity158 -free counterparts (P < 0.02). The difference in IENF density was greatest in subjects with less objective evidence of @entity16 (P < or = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: More severe loss of IENF is associated with the presence of @entity9 only in those with little or no objective sign of @entity16 . Thus, loss of IENF cannot explain @entity158 in all cases, suggesting that different mechanisms underpin the genesis of @entity158 at various stages of @entity16 .

title: The relationship among @entity158 , sensory loss, and small nerve fibers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quantitative parameters obtained from dynamic MR T2*-weighted images as predictors of survival taking into consideration the biasing effects of other survival-related covariates. METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 (60        14 years; survival 267        191 days) with high-grade @entity11 (8 grade III, 31 grade IV) were retrospectively included in the study. Additional data incorporated Karnofsky performance scale, @entity5 resection extension after surgery and type of treatment. Dynamic T2*-weighted MRI was acquired before treatment. Tumour curves were extracted for each voxel, and several quantitative parameters were obtained from the whole @entity5 volume and the 10 % maximum values. Additional image covariates included the presence of @entity39 , single or multiple lesions, and @entity5 and @entity4 volumes. The relationship between quantitative parameters and survival was assessed using clusterisation techniques and the log-rank method. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate each parameter's predictive value. RESULTS: Only the mean of the 10 % maximum values of the transfer coefficient showed an independent relationship with @entity1 survival (log-rank chi-squared test <0.001, Cox regression P   =   0.015), with higher values corresponding to lower survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: High maximum transfer coefficient values show an independent statistical relationship with low survival in high-grade @entity11 @entity1 . This imaging biomarker can be used as a predictor of prognosis.

title: Quantitative MR perfusion parameters related to survival time in high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1112 with @entity2057 is a novel @entity1112 caused by mutations in the four-and-a-half LIM domain 1 gene ( @entity14390 ). Cardiac involvement was suspected in initial publications. We now systematically analyzed the association of the @entity14390 genotype with the cardiac phenotype to establish a potential cardiac involvement in the disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventeen male @entity1 and 23 female mutation carriers were compared with healthy controls. Every @entity1 underwent a comprehensive clinical and cardiovascular workup. ECG abnormalities occurred frequently in affected males and were less frequent in heterozygous females. Both male and female mutation carriers had increased myocardial mass (affected males=115.1  25.3 g/m(2); heterozygous females=95.1  19.6 g/m(2); controls=89.0  15.6 g/m(2) and 72.6  12.6 g/m(2); respectively) with increased wall thickness (typically midventricular and apical segments) mainly in affected males. Longitudinal systolic function was reduced in affected males (radial systolic strain: affected males=24.6  11.8%; male controls=43.2  14.8%; P=0.002). @entity67 occurred in both affected males and heterozygous females. Cardiac MRI revealed a morphological hallmark of @entity1112 with @entity2057 ; a characteristic spongious structure and replacement @entity82 indicated by late enhancement could be detected in most affected males. @entity1112 with @entity2057 was associated with reduced exercise capacity in affected males but not in heterozygous female mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1112 with @entity2057 @entity1 consistently showed electrical, functional, and characteristic morphological @entity299 that translate into reduced exercise capacity. Reduced systolic and diastolic function is associated with a novel type of spongious @entity1121 . An unexpected finding was that some @entity299 were also present in heterozygous female mutation carriers.

title: Spongious @entity1121 in XXXX with mutations in the four-and-a-half LIM domain 1 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked myopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['postural muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of @entity419 for clinical PET studies increases technologist radiation dose exposure because of the higher gamma-radiation energy of this isotope than of other conventional medical gamma-radiation-emitting isotopes. Therefore, @entity419 imaging necessitates stronger radiation protection requirements. The aims of this study were to assess technologist whole-body and extremity exposure in our PET department and to evaluate the efficiency of our radiation protection devices (homemade syringe drawing device, semiautomated injector, and video tracking of @entity1 ). METHODS: Radiation dose assessment was performed for monodose as well as for multidose @entity419 packaging with both @entity8020 thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) and @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ) during 5 successive @entity419 PET steps (from syringe filling to @entity1 departure). RESULTS: The mean +/- SD total effective doses received by technologists (n = 50) during all of the working steps were 3.24 +/- 2.1 and 3.01 +/- 1.4 microSv, respectively, as measured with @entity1314 and TLD (345 +/- 84 MBq injected). These values were confirmed by daily TLD technologist whole-body dose measurements (2.98 +/- 1.8 microSv; 294 +/- 78 MBq injected; n = 48). Finger irradiation doses during preparation of single @entity419 syringes were 204.9 +/- 24 and 198.4 +/- 23 microSv with multidose vials (345 +/- 93 MBq injected) and 127.3 +/- 76 and 55.9 +/- 47 microSv with monodose vials (302 +/- 43 MBq injected) for the right hand and the left hand, respectively. The protection afforded by the semiautomated injector, estimated as the ratio of the doses received by TLD placed on the syringe shield and on the external face of the injector, was near 2,000. CONCLUSION: These results showed that technologist radiation doses in our PET department were lower than those reported in the literature. This finding may be explained by the use of a homemade syringe drawing device, a semiautomated injector, and @entity1 video tracking, allowing a shorter duration of contact between the technologist and the @entity1 . Extrapolation of these results to an annual dose (4 @entity1 per day per technologist) revealed that the annual extrapolated exposure values remained under the authorized limits for workers classified to work in a radioactivity-controlled area.

title: Technologist radiation exposure in routine clinical practice with XXXX PET.

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'electronic personal dosimeters']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: @entity35978 Nees is an important medicinal plant found in the tropical regions of the world, which has been traditionally used in Indian and Chinese medicinal systems. It is also used as medicinal food. A. paniculata is found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities; however, its inhibitory potential on inflammatory Group IIA phospholipases A2 ( @entity22180 ) and its associated inflammatory reactions are not clearly understood. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the inhibitory/neutralizing potential of ethanolic extract of A. paniculata on the isolated inflammatory @entity22180 (VRV-PL-VIIIa) from Daboii rusellii pulchella (belonging to Group IIA inflammatory secretory @entity22180 [ @entity22180 ]) and its associated @entity4 -induced activities in Swiss albino @entity19 . A. paniculata extract dose dependently inhibited the Group IIA @entity22180 enzymatic activity with an IC50 value of 10.3    0.5  g/ml. Further, the extract dose dependently inhibited the @entity4 formation, when co-injected with enzyme indicating that a strong correlation exists between lipolytic and pro-inflammatory activities of the enzyme. In conclusion, results of this study shows that the ethanolic extract of A. paniculata effectively inhibits Group IIA @entity22180 and its associated inflammatory activities, which substantiate its anti-inflammatory properties. The results of the present study warranted further studies to develop bioactive compound (s) in ethanolic extract of A. paniculata as potent therapeutic agent (s) for inflammatory diseases. SUMMARY: This study emphasis the anti-inflammatory effect of A. paniculata by inhibiting the inflammatory Group IIA @entity22180 and its associated inflammatory activities such as @entity4 . It was found that there is a strong correlation between lipolytic activity and pro-inflammatory activity inhibition. Therefore, the study suggests that the extract processes potent anti-inflammatory agents, which could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent against inflammatory and related diseases.

title: Inhibition of Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 and its Inflammatory Reactions in @entity19 by Ethanolic Extract of XXXX , a Well-known Medicinal Food.

entities_list: @entity35978 :: ('175694', 'Species') :: ['Andrographis paniculata']

answer: @entity35978 :: (175694,Species) :: ['Andrographis paniculata']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate fertility after abdominal and/or pelvic irradiation in long-term female survivors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Puberty and pregnancy outcome were analyzed in female survivors of childhood @entity5 (aged <18 years) treated with abdominal and/or pelvic radiotherapy (RT) at one of two French centers (Nancy and Lyon) between 1975 and 2004. Data were obtained from medical records and questionnaires sent to the @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 84 @entity1 who had received abdominal and/or pelvic RT during childhood and were alive and aged more than 18 years at the time of the study made up the study population. Of the 57 female survivors treated with abdominal RT that excluded the pelvis, 52 (91%) progressed normally through puberty and 23 (40%) had at least one recorded pregnancy. Of the 27 @entity1 treated with pelvic RT, only 10 (37%) progressed normally through puberty and 5 (19%) had at least one recorded pregnancy. Twenty-two @entity1 (seventeen of whom were treated with pelvic RT) had certain subfertility. A total of 50 births occurred in 28 @entity1 , with one baby dying at birth; one miscarriage also occurred. There was a high prevalence of prematurity and low birth weight but not of @entity600 . CONCLUSIONS: Fertility can be preserved in @entity1 who undergo abdominal RT that excludes the pelvis, taking into account the other treatments (e.g., chemotherapy with alkylating agents) are taken into account. When RT includes the pelvis, fertility is frequently impaired and @entity1 can have difficulty conceiving. Nevertheless, pregnancies can occur in some of these @entity1 . The most important factor that endangers a successful pregnancy after RT is the total dose received by the ovaries and uterus. This radiation dose has to be systematically recorded to improve our ability to follow up @entity1 .

title: Fertility and pregnancy outcome after abdominal irradiation that included or excluded the pelvis in childhood XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the long-term results of percutaneous isolated liver chemoperfusion with hepatic venous isolation and charcoal hemoperfusion (HVI-CHP) in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The results of conventional chemotherapy including regional and systemic chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity157 remain dismal, and long-term survivors after treatment are rare among @entity1 with multiple advanced @entity157 . In an effort to improve this situation, we previously developed a novel system of percutaneous isolated liver chemoperfusion with HVI-CHP. METHODS: @entity632 (60 to 150 mg/m2) was administered via the hepatic artery, under conditions of extracorporeal drug elimination by HVI-CHP in 28 consecutive @entity1 with advanced @entity157 (39 total treatments). Hepatic venous isolation and charcoal hemoperfusion was accomplished mainly by the single catheter technique using a newly developed 4-lumen-balloon catheter, which was used to isolate and capture total hepatic venous outflow and, at the same time, to direct the filtered blood to the right atrium. RESULTS: Complete remission was achieved in five @entity1 , of which four received repeated treatments (two or three times). Although 1 of 5 @entity1 with complete remission died of pulmonary metastases at 8 months, the other 4 remain healthy and free of disease at 20, 24, 27, and 42 months after the first treatment. Partial responses were observed in 12 @entity1 . Duration of response in responders (complete and partial) with repeated treatments was significantly longer than that with a single treatment (p = 0.01). The overall survival rate by the Kaplan-Meier method was 39.7% at 5 years. The treatments were well-tolerated, and the primary side effects were mild to moderate @entity99 and reversible myelosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that percutaneous isolated liver chemoperfusion with HVI-CHP is an effective palliative treatment in the majority of @entity1 and yields long-term complete remission in some @entity1 with multiple advanced @entity157 .

title: Induction of long-term remission in advanced XXXX with percutaneous isolated liver chemoperfusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['multiple advanced hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['chemical hepatitis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated predictive factors of postoperative recurrence of @entity339 ( @entity339 ) after mitral valve annuloplasty for functional ischemic @entity339 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of @entity1 with functional @entity339 who underwent mitral ring annuloplasty at our institution from 1998 to 2008. Records were reviewed for perioperative variables, including echocardiographic measurements. Recurrence was defined as @entity339 grade moderate (3+) or greater on any postoperative echocardiogram. RESULTS: Of 548 @entity1 who underwent mitral annuloplasty for functional @entity339 , echocardiogram reports were available for review for 250. These @entity1 comprised the study cohort. There were 154 @entity1 with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting. The left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic (LVED) index was calculated by dividing the LVED dimension by body surface area (BSA). A high LVED index (>3.5 cm/m2) was predictive of @entity339 recurrence (p=0.047): the recurrence rate was 20.3% (13 of 64) in high-index @entity1 and 10.2% (19 of 186) in low-index (<3.5 cm/m2) @entity1 . Median recurrence-free survival was 35 months (range, 19 to 59 months) in high-LVED-index @entity1 and 46.5 months (range, 22 to 75 months) in low-LVED-index @entity1 (p=0.048). Preoperative @entity339 severity and LV ejection fraction were not predictive of @entity339 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Careful analysis of the preoperative echocardiogram using a novel, easily calculated variable, the LVED index, may help identify @entity1 who are at greater risk for @entity339 recurrence and reduced survival. Such information could prompt consideration of alternative or additional interventions in these @entity1 .

title: Postoperative recurrence of @entity339 after annuloplasty for functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'MR']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of lymph vessel density (LVD) and lymphangiogenesis in nonseminomatous @entity2969 (NSGCT) using the specific lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) marker @entity14600 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: NSGCT specimens of 77 @entity1 (32 with and 45 without @entity3 ) were stained immunohistochemically using a @entity14600 antibody. LVD was measured in different representative areas by the standardized "hot spot" method. Fluorescence double stainings for @entity14600 and Ki-67 were performed. The median follow-up period was 46 (range 3-170) months. RESULTS: The mean peritumoral (2.16    2.17) and nontumoral LVD (3.17    3.24) were significantly higher than intratumoral LVD (0.16    0.73) (both: P = < 0.001). In 5 @entity1 proliferating LECs were observed. The peritumoral LVD was 2.66 (   2.31) and 1.80 (   2.02) in metastatic and nonmetastatic NSGCT, respectively. A higher peritumoral LVD was associated with the presence of @entity3 at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.087). The mean peritumoral LVD in @entity5 with and without lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was 3.33 (   2.20) and 1.62 (   1.95), respectively (P < 0.001). The presence of LVI detected by @entity14600 ( @entity14600 ) was independently associated with @entity3 (logistic regression; P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a high peritumoral LVD and @entity14600 are both associated with @entity3 in NSGCT. @entity14600 was independently associated with the presence of @entity3 at the time of diagnosis. Proliferating LECs are present, suggesting that lymphangiogenesis may promote metastatic dissemination of @entity5 cells in NSGCT.

title: The role of lymph vessel density and lymphangiogenesis in XXXX spread of nonseminomatous @entity2969 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['testicular germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic tumor']


abstract: The serum expression of a novel @entity5 marker, CA 242, defined by monoclonal antibody C 242, was studied in 179 @entity1 with @entity788 . The results were compared with CA 19-9, CA 50 and @entity787 . CA 242 is a @entity1735 closely related, but not identical, to CA 19-9 and CA 50. The overall sensitivity of the CA 242 assay was 74%: 55% in stage I, 83% in stage II-III and 78% in stage IV disease. The specificity calculated from 112 @entity1 with benign diseases was 91%. CA 19-9 had a higher sensitivity of 83%, but the specificity was only 81%. When comparing the markers by receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivities were almost identical at all specificity levels. The CA 242 level was elevated in 7%, 15% and 7% of @entity1 with benign pancreatic, biliary and @entity409 respectively. The corresponding figures for CA 19-9 were 19%, 28% and 15% respectively. The sensitivity of CA 242 was higher than that of CA 50 and @entity787 at all specificity levels. In conclusion, @entity5 marker CA 242 seems to be a useful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of @entity788 , and is an alternative to CA 19-9. The advantage of CA 242 over CA 19-9 is its higher specificity when using the recommended cut-off levels of the assays.

title: CA 242, a new XXXX marker for @entity788 : a comparison with CA 19-9, CA 50 and @entity787 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the overall diagnostic capabilities of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) in @entity1 of @entity726 , with standard automated perimetry (SAP) and/or optic disc appearance as the gold standard. METHODS: A comprehensive electric search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, BIOSIS, Previews, @entity49133 , @entity9348 , OVID, CNKI, CBMdisc, @entity3549 information, CMCC, CCPD, SSreader and 21dmedia and a manual search in related textbooks, journals, congress articles and their references were performed to identify relevant English and Chinese language articles. Criteria for adaptability were established according to validity criteria for diagnostic research published by the Cochrane Methods Group on Screening and Diagnostic Tests. Quality of the included articles was assessed and relevant materials were extracted for studying. Statistical analysis was performed with Meta Test version 0.6 software. Heterogeneity of the included articles was tested, which was used to select appropriate effect model to calculate pooled weighted sensitivity and specificity. Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curve was established and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Finally, sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS: Fifteen English articles (21 studies) of 206 retrieved articles were included in the present study, with a total of 3172 @entity1 . The reported sensitivity of FDT ranged from 0.51 to 1.00, and specificity from 0.58 to 1.00. The pooled weighted sensitivity and specificity for FDT with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) after correction for standard error were 0.86 (0.80 - 0.90), 0.87 (0.81 - 0.91), respectively. The AUC of SROC was 93.01%. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated no disproportionate influences of individual study. CONCLUSIONS: The included articles are of good quality and FDT can be a highly efficient diagnostic test for @entity726 based on Meta-analysis. However, a high quality perspective study is still required for further analysis.

title: [Meta-analysis of diagnostic capability of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['primary glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['primary glaucoma']


abstract: Anoikis resistance, or the ability for cells to live detached from the extracellular matrix, is a property of @entity5 . The "Warburg effect," or the preference of @entity5 cells for glycolysis for their energy production even in the presence of @entity26 , has been shown to be evident in various @entity5 . Since a @entity5 cell's metastatic ability depends on microenvironmental conditions (nutrients, stromal cells, and vascularization) and is highly variable for different organs, their cellular metabolic fluxes and nutrient demand may show considerable differences. Moreover, a @entity5 cell's metastatic ability, which is dependent on the stage of @entity5 , may further create metabolic alterations depending on its microenvironment. Although recent studies have aimed to elucidate @entity5 cell metabolism under detached conditions, the nutrient demand and metabolic activity of @entity5 cells under nonadherent conditions remain poorly understood. Additionally, less is known about metabolic alterations in @entity43 cells with varying invasive capability under anoikis conditions. We hypothesized that the metabolism of highly invasive @entity43 cells in detachment would differ from less invasive @entity43 cells and that @entity43 cells will have altered metabolism in detached vs. attached conditions. To assess these metabolic differences, we integrated a secretomics-based metabolic footprinting (MFP) approach with mitochondrial bioenergetics. Interestingly, MFP revealed higher @entity2388 uptake and @entity26 consumption in more invasive @entity43 cells than their less invasive counterparts. Furthermore, @entity855 production was higher in more invasive vs. less invasive @entity43 cells in detachment. We found that @entity2388 has an effect on highly invasive @entity43 cells' migration ability. Our results are the first to demonstrate that higher mitochondrial activity is related to higher @entity43 invasiveness under detached conditions. Importantly, our results bring insights regarding the metabolism of @entity5 cells under nonadherent conditions and could lead to the development of therapies for modulating @entity5 cell invasiveness.

title: @entity2388 uptake is increased in highly invasive XXXX cells under anoikis conditions for anaplerosis, mitochondrial function, and migration.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endovascular @entity449 repair (EVAR) is widely used for the treatment of @entity1028 . Complications secondary to EVAR are also treated with endovascular techniques. When this is not applicable, open surgical repair is mandatory. This study aims to present our experience in open surgical repair after failed EVAR. METHODS: Within the period from 2004 through 2013, 18 @entity1 (17 @entity1 ; mean age, 73.9 years) were operated on because of EVAR failure due to persistent @entity1070 (n = 10), type I or III endoleak (n = 3), mixed-type endoleaks (n = 2), stent graft @entity715 (n = 2), and aortoenteric fistulae (n = 1). Stent grafts used for EVAR were Zenith (n = 8), Talent (n = 4), Excluder (n = 4), and Anaconda (n = 2). RESULTS: Mean time interval between EVAR and open conversion was 36 months (range, 2-120 months). Fifteen (83.3%) operations were elective, and three (16.7%) were urgent due to @entity1756 (n = 2) and aortoenteric @entity292 (n = 1). Six (33.3%) @entity1 with @entity1070 were treated with simple ligation of the culprit vessels, without aortic clamping and stent graft explantation. In six (33.3%) @entity1 , the stent graft was partially removed except from the segment attached to the proximal neck, while in five (27.8%) @entity1 , complete removal of the stent graft was necessary. Finally, in one @entity1 , with @entity1070 , a hybrid endovascular and open repair was performed. Clamping of the aorta was necessary in 12 (66.7%) @entity1 (infrarenal, n = 10 or suprarenal, n = 2). Overall operative mortality was 5.6%. @entity260 included one abdominal wall defect requiring surgical revision and paroxysmal @entity955 both in the same @entity1 , and one case of @entity358 , requiring prolonged intubation and intensive care unit stay for 6 days. CONCLUSIONS: Late open conversion after failed EVAR remains challenging. Avoidance of aortic cross-clamping and if possible, partial or total preservation of the stent graft may improve outcomes in terms of operative mortality and morbidity. Elective operations seem to be associated with better outcomes, prompting thus for close follow-up of EVAR @entity1 and early decision for conversion if other options are doubtful.

title: Late open conversion after failed endovascular XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type III endoleak', 'type II endoleak']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nerve transfer is a valuable surgical technique in peripheral nerve reconstruction, especially in @entity2685 . @entity5044 was proved to be one of the optimal procedures in the treatment of @entity2685 in the study of Gu et al. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare phrenic nerve transfers with and without nerve graft for @entity14228 after @entity2685 . METHODS: A retrospective review of 33 @entity1 treated with @entity5044 in posttraumatic global root avulsion @entity2685 was carried out. All the 33 @entity1 were confirmed to have global root avulsion @entity2685 by preoperative and intraoperative electromyography (EMG), physical examination and especially by intraoperative exploration. There were two types of phrenic nerve transfers: type1 - the phrenic nerve to anterolateral bundle of anterior division of upper trunk (14 @entity1 ); type 2 - the phrenic nerve via nerve graft to anterolateral bundle of musculocutaneous nerve (19 @entity1 ). Motor function and EMG evaluation were performed at least 3 years after surgery. RESULTS: The efficiency of motor function in type 1 was 86%, while it was 84% in type 2. The two groups were not statistically different in terms of Medical Research Council (MRC) grade (p=1.000) and EMG results (p=1.000). There were seven @entity1 with more than 4 month's delay of surgery, among whom only three @entity1 regained biceps power to M3 strength or above (43%). A total of 26 @entity1 had reconstruction done within 4 months, among whom 25 @entity1 recovered to M3 strength or above (96%). There was a statistically significant difference of motor function between the delay of surgery within 4 months and more than 4 months (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Phrenic nerve transfers with and without nerve graft for @entity14228 after @entity2685 had no significant difference for biceps reinnervation according to MRC grading and EMG. A delay of the surgery after the 4 months might imply a bad prognosis for the recovery of the function.

title: Comparative study of phrenic nerve transfers with and without nerve graft for XXXX after global @entity2685 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5044 :: ('OMIM:143470', 'Disease') :: ['Phrenic nerve transfer for elbow flexion', 'phrenic nerve transfer for elbow flexion']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow flexion']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries', 'brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity14228 :: (MESH:C535618,Disease) :: ['elbow flexion']


abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the quality of pharmacological treatment in @entity1 within one year after acute @entity583 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a prospective survey of 985 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity583 who were treated in the Clinic of Cardiology of Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital in 2004. About half of @entity1 were hospitalized from different regions of Lithuania. According to the follow-up protocol, an information on 514 @entity1 and their used treatment within 13.8+/-3.2 months after @entity583 were collected by letter with questionnaire. RESULTS: Beta-adrenoblockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and antithrombotic drugs were the most drug used (76%, 74%, and 76%, respectively) in @entity1 following @entity583 . Most of the @entity1 used a three-drug combination (36.8%), more rarely--two-drug (24.1%) or four-drug complex (19.8%). One drug was used only in 12.1% of cases; 7.2% of @entity1 did not use any cardiac drugs. Beta-adrenoblocker with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was the most common (40.3%) used drug combination in @entity1 on two drug complex. The combination of beta-adrenoblocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and antithrombotics was more frequently used in @entity1 on three drug complex. The combination of two or three cardiac drugs with @entity1780 was used in several cases (1.6-10.3%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore that the use of beta-adrenoblockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and antithrombotics was high (about 75%) in @entity1 during the first year after @entity583 , and the combination of these three drugs was used more commonly. The discordance between existing guidelines for statin use after @entity583 and current practice was determined in @entity1 following @entity583 .

title: [Secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease: pharmacological treatment after XXXX according to follow-up protocol].

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that both @entity288 and progestational agents do partially alleviate @entity5 / @entity3085 . Pilot information suggested that an anabolic corticosteroid might also improve appetite in @entity1 with @entity5 / @entity3085 . The current trial was developed to compare and contrast a progestational agent, a @entity228 , and an anabolic corticosteroid for the treatment of @entity5 / @entity3085 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 suffering from @entity5 / @entity3085 were randomized to receive either @entity619 0. 75 mg qid, @entity6303 800 mg orally every day, or @entity6240 10 mg orally bid. @entity1 were observed at monthly intervals to evaluate weight changes and drug @entity137 . @entity1 also completed questionnaires at baseline and at monthly intervals to evaluate appetite and drug @entity137 . RESULTS: @entity6240 resulted in significantly less appetite enhancement and did not have a favorable @entity137 profile. @entity6303 and @entity619 caused a similar degree of appetite enhancement and similar changes in nonfluid weight status, with nonsignificant trends favoring @entity6303 for both of these parameters. @entity619 was observed to have more @entity137 and a higher rate of drug discontinuation because of @entity137 and/or @entity1 refusal than @entity6303 (36% v 25%; P =.03). @entity6303 had a higher rate of @entity1150 than @entity619 (5% v 1%; P =.06). CONCLUSION: Whereas @entity6240 clearly seems to be an inferior choice for treating @entity5 / @entity3085 , @entity6303 and @entity619 have similar appetite stimulating efficacy but differing @entity137 profiles.

title: Randomized comparison of @entity6303 versus XXXX versus @entity6240 for the treatment of @entity5 / @entity3085 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'corticosteroid-type toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer anorexia']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity6240 :: ('MESH:D005474', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoxymesterone', 'fluoxymesterone']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['Megestrol acetate', 'megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Registries of @entity455 ( @entity455 ) are useful in the study of the natural history of @entity697 ( @entity697 ). Nonetheless there are few series which analyze the different @entity64 subtypes (SS) of @entity455 . METHODS: A descriptive and comparative clinical analysis was performed of the different SS of @entity455 from the registry of @entity455 of the La Alianza-Central Hospital of Barcelona (Spain). A prospective study of 1,000 consecutive @entity1 with ACVD admitted in the Neurology Department from 1986-1991 was carried out. The registry recommended by the Study Group of @entity66 of the Sociedad Espa  ola de Neurolog  a ( @entity16646 ) were used and the @entity64 subtypes classified in agreement with the Glossary of Neurology of the @entity16646 . RESULTS: The mean age of the series was of 71 +/- 13 years with 537 @entity1 being males. The frequency of the @entity64 subtypes in focal @entity2806 (FCI) was: @entity1188 26%, @entity1188 16.9%, essential @entity1188 14.8%, @entity1188 12.4%, transient @entity63 attacks 9% and @entity1188 of unusual cause 3.5%. The frequency of the SS in @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) was: @entity548 14.1%, @entity510 2.0%, subdural @entity1410 1.2% and epidural @entity1410 0.1%. Mortality of the series was 16.7% predominating in @entity1779 (28%) versus FCI (14%) (p < 0.00001). This was found to be greatest in cases of @entity548 (31%) and in the @entity1188 (28%) and lowest in the @entity1188 (0.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common @entity64 subtypes were those of @entity1188 , @entity1188 and @entity548 . Essential @entity1188 constitute 14.8% of @entity697 . The classification of @entity455 in its different subtypes is recommendable since this has prognostic and therapeutic implications.

title: [An analysis of 1000 consecutive XXXX with @entity697 . The registry of @entity66 of La Alianza-Hospital Central of Barcelona].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular Diseases']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular disease', 'ACBD', 'acute cerebral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraparenchymatous hemorrhage', 'intraparenchymal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'lacunar infarction', 'thrombotic infarctions', 'lacunar infarctions', 'thrombotic infarction', 'infarctions', 'cardioembolic infarction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage', 'CH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity530 ( @entity530 ) on articular contact area and acetabular coverage of @entity572 in @entity235 . STUDY DESIGN: Articular contact area and femoral head coverage by the acetabulum were computed in vitro in normal and @entity6349 @entity235 @entity572 . The effect of @entity530 on articular contact and coverage was then analyzed in the @entity572 . Sample Population-Five normal and six @entity6349 @entity235 cadaver specimens. METHODS: Contact area and coverage of loaded @entity572 were computed using serial computed tomography scan images before and after @entity530 . Three angles of acetabular ventroversion (AVV) were studied (20 degrees, 30 degrees, and 40 degrees). Using a custom-designed hinge plate, angles of spontaneous @entity572 in @entity572 were compared with previously recorded angles of reduction determined by the Ortolani test. RESULTS: Contact area significantly increased from 0 degrees to 30 degrees of AVV, then remained virtually unchanged. Coverage significantly increased from 0 degrees to 20 degrees of AVV. Both contact and coverage of normal @entity572 were similar, yet significantly smaller than those of @entity572 once reduction had occurred. The experimental angles of reduction were significantly smaller and poorly correlated with the angles of reduction determined by the Ortolani test. Although coverage continued to increase with AVV, the actual joint contact area did not significantly vary after relocation of the femoral head. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that increasing AVV beyond 20 degrees does not significantly improve the beneficial effects of @entity530 and therefore should be carefully weighed against @entity260 associated with large angles of AVV.

title: The effect of @entity530 on the articular contact area of the hip joint in @entity6349 XXXX : an in vitro experimental study.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['increased risks of postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['triple pelvic osteotomy', 'TPO']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hips', 'dysplastic hips', 'dysplastic hip joints', 'hip reduction']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is not commonly applied to the carotid artery because of the risk of cerebral embolization and the uncertainty concerning the long-term results. To test its effectiveness and safety, the author performed PTA in @entity235 with experimentally induced @entity543 . Under general anesthesia, one carotid artery was exposed by midline incision. Two vascular tourniquets were applied to the artery, 2 to 5 cm apart, and the blood between them was replaced with @entity4485 for 5 minutes. The drug was then removed and the tourniquets released. Angiography revealed the formation of stenotic lesions within 1 to 6 weeks. Histological examination showed the source of @entity850 to be thrombi adhering to the vessel wall. PTA was performed 1 week or 3 to 6 weeks after induction of @entity850 using either Gr  ntzig or Dotter catheters. Immediately after PTA, considerable enlargement of stenotic areas was angiographically observed, and no emboli were detected in distal arteries. Histological findings included @entity308 in the intima, thrombi, and stretching of the internal elastic membrane and tunica media. Angiograms obtained 3 and 6 months after @entity865 disclosed persistence of dilatation of the carotid lumen and diminution of the inner surface irregularities. Six months after PTA, the histological features included intimal proliferation and rarefaction of the tunica media. On the other hand, stenotic arteries not subjected to PTA were totally occluded by thrombi and intimal proliferation 6 months after induction of @entity850 . It is apparent that PTA was effective not only in bringing about dilatation of the carotid artery but also in arresting the progression of @entity850 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for experimental XXXX . Mechanism and long-term results].

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital sodium']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antifouling (AF) systems are used worldwide as one of the most cost-effective ways of protecting submerged structures against heavy biofouling. The emergence of environmentally friendly AF biocides requires knowledge on their environmental fate and @entity137 . In this study we measured the bioconcentration of the emerging AF biocide @entity48056 (TP) in the @entity20984 @entity20984 and investigated the effects of TP on the mussel gill proteome following acute (2days) and chronic (30days) exposure, as well as after a 10-day depuration period. The experiments were carried out with 1 g/L TP; blank and solvent (5*10(-5)% @entity3733 ) controls were also included. Proteomics analysis was performed by mass spectrometry-based multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Differentially expressed proteins were identified using a label-free approach based on spectral counts and G-test. Our results show that TP is rapidly accumulated by mussels at concentrations up to 362ng/g dw (whole tissues), reaching steady-state condition within 13days. Ten days of depuration resulted in 80% elimination of accumulated TP from the organism, suggesting that a complete elimination could be reached with longer depuration times. In total, 46 proteins were found to be regulated in the different exposure scenarios. Interestingly, not only TP but also @entity3733 alone significantly modulated the protein expression in mussel gills following acute and chronic exposure. Both compounds regulated proteins involved in bioenergetics, immune system, active efflux and oxidative stress, often in the opposite way. Alterations of several proteins, notably several cytoskeletal ones, were still observed after the depuration period. These may reflect either the continuing chemical effect due to incomplete elimination or an onset of recovery processes in the mussel gills. Our study shows that exposure of adult mussels to sublethal TP concentration results in the bioconcentration of this biocide in the tissues and modulates the expression of several proteins that may intervene in important metabolic pathways.

title: @entity48056 bioconcentration and effects on the gill proteome of the XXXX @entity20984 .

entities_list: @entity20984 :: ('29158', 'Species') :: ['Mytilus galloprovincialis', 'Mediterranean mussel']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity20984 :: (29158,Species) :: ['Mediterranean mussel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although infrequently reported in amputees previously, @entity2736 has proven to be a common and problematic clinical entity in our recent experience in the treatment of traumatic and combat-related amputations related to Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The purpose of the present study was to report the prevalence of and risk factors for @entity2736 following trauma-related amputation as well as the preliminary results of operative excision. METHODS: We identified 330 @entity1 with a total of 373 traumatic and combat-related amputations who had been managed at our centers between September 11, 2001 and November 30, 2005. We reviewed the medical records and radiographs of 187 @entity1 with 213 amputations who had adequate radiographic follow-up. Additional analysis was performed for twenty-four @entity1 with twenty-five limbs that required excision of symptomatic lesions. The mechanism and zone of injury, amputation level, timing of excision, use of prophylaxis against recurrence, and other confounding variables were examined. Outcomes were assessed by determining clinical and radiographic recurrence rates, perioperative complications, preoperative and follow-up @entity158 medication requirements, and the ability to be fit with a functional prosthesis. RESULTS: @entity2736 was present in 134 (63%) of 213 residual limbs, with twenty-five lesions requiring excision. A final amputation level within the zone of injury was a risk factor for both the development and the grade of @entity2736 (p < 0.05). A blast mechanism was predictive of occurrence (p < 0.05) but did not correlate with grade. All @entity1 who had been managed with excision were tolerating the prosthetic limb at an average of twelve months of follow-up. Twenty-three limbs demonstrated no evidence of recurrence, and two limbs had development of clinically asymptomatic, radiographically minimal recurrences. Six @entity1 experienced wound-related complications that required reoperation, and two @entity1 required subsequent minor revision surgery. There was a significant decrease in the use of @entity158 medication following surgery (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2736 following trauma-related amputation is more common than the literature would suggest, particularly following amputations that are performed within the initial zone of injury and those that are due to @entity3614 . Many @entity1 are asymptomatic or can be successfully managed with modification of the prosthesis. For @entity1 with refractory symptoms, surgical excision is associated with low recurrence rates and decreased medication requirements, with acceptable complication rates.

title: XXXX following traumatic and combat-related amputations. Prevalence, risk factors, and preliminary results of excision.

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification', 'Heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast injuries']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['Heterotopic ossification']


abstract: In Pakistan's rural areas population-based cause of @entity204 data from systematic verbal autopsies are rare. Using verbal autopsy algorithms with multiple coding and decision rules, we assigned causes of @entity204 among 79% of @entity1 under age five years dying between July, 1988 and December, 1991 in Oshikhandass, a remote mountainous community in Pakistan's Northern Areas. Main causes of @entity204 were @entity55 (44%), @entity294 (35%), and @entity295 (6%). Combined (main plus associated) analysis revealed 48% died with @entity294 , 46% with @entity3147 , 44% with @entity55 , 15% with @entity295 , and 15% with low birth weight. Median age of @entity204 with @entity55 was 2 months, with @entity294 8 months. Half died by month 4. The inquiry was well received by villagers. Population-based verbal autopsy surveillance is a cost-effective strategy to guide health managers. Plans are underway to institute it for the surrounding population of 400,000. Creative ways to access, treat and reduce risk among young @entity1 are needed.

title: Cause-specific XXXX mortality in a mountainous community in Pakistan by verbal autopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']