abstract: GOALS: Compare @entity1 characteristics and outcome and also physician referral patterns between surgically and nonsurgically managed @entity1 with @entity9007 . BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity9007 can be accomplished by surgical, endoscopic, or percutaneous procedures. The ideal treatment method has not yet been defined. @entity1 : All @entity1 treated for pancreatic @entity9007 between 1999 and 2005 were identified in our health services database. @entity1 were treated with surgical, endoscopic, and percutaneous drainage procedures at the discretion of the treating physician. Main outcome measures included complications, @entity9007 , and treatment modality as a function of the treating physician's specialty. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 (49%) were treated surgically, 24 endoscopically (39%), and 7 (11%) with percutaneous drainage. The most common indications for treatment were symptoms of @entity158 , and biliary or @entity1084 (81%). @entity1 treated surgically and endoscopically were similar in terms of age (49 vs. 52 y), mean cyst diameter (9.1 vs. 9.5 cm, P=0.74), incidence of chronic @entity788 (50% vs. 32%, P=0.26) and complicated pancreaticobiliary disease (69% vs. 60%). There were no differences in complications (20% vs. 21%) or @entity9007 (93.3% vs. 87.5%, P=0.39) between the surgical and endoscopic groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment in @entity1 initially evaluated by surgeons versus nonsurgeons. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical and endoscopic interventions for @entity9007 are equally safe and effective with percutaneous drainage playing a less important role. Endoscopic drainage should be considered for initial therapy in appropriate @entity1 .

title: Surgical versus nonsurgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst resolution', 'pseudocyst', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine if the construction of an ileal reservoir induces mucosal changes that can potentiate the effect of a chemical carcinogen ( @entity8708 ) on ileal mucosa. Animals were divided into three groups: 1) sham operation (n = 19), 2) total colectomy with @entity254 (n = 20), 3) total colectomy with an ileal reservoir made of terminal ileum sutured to the rectum (n = 20). An adaptation period of 12 weeks was allowed to promote fecal @entity3179 and the histologic changes before exposure to weekly subcutaneous injections of DMH (25 mg/kg) for 16 weeks. @entity11413 was added to the diet as a @entity5 promotor. All animals were sacrificed one month later. @entity1241 , along with enlargement, occurred in all the reservoirs (mean dimensions, 74 @entity53077 43 mm). Their mean volume was 88 +/- 14 ml. The histologic changes in the @entity4628 were: chronic @entity32 (14/20), villous @entity194 (14/20), and @entity194 of the glands (8/20). In group 3, five @entity189 were seen. There were three in the duodenum and two in the reservoirs. In contrast, 21 @entity189 were detected in the control groups. There were 17 in the colon, 3 in the jejunum, and 1 in the ileum. No significant difference in the number of @entity189 was seen in the ileum with and without reservoir. Although it is possible to induce @entity189 in @entity4628 , the incidence remained significantly less than in the colon. In conclusion, the histologic changes induced by the construction of an ileal reservoir do not increase the risk of malignant transformation in the DMH model for @entity105 .

title: An assessment of the risk of @entity5 in long-term XXXX using the DMH rodent model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity53077 :: ('p|SUB|X|58|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['X 58 X']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal reservoirs']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['ileorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity11413 :: ('CHEBI:64103', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium butyrate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal stasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity4628 :: (MESH:D007077,Disease) :: ['ileal reservoirs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To provide a mapping algorithm for estimating EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaire index scores from the Incontinence-specific Quality of Life questionnaire (I-QOL) based on nationally representative samples of @entity1 with @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) using EQ-5D questionnaire preference valuations based on both the UK and US general populations. METHODS: Analyses were conducted for 2505 @entity1 from the Adelphi Overactive Bladder Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional study of @entity1 with @entity2182 , undertaken in the United States and Europe in 2010. A range of statistical modeling techniques was used. Tenfold cross-validation techniques were used to calculate mean absolute error (MAE) and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) goodness-of-fit statistics. Various predictor lists, together with a method combining stepwise selection with multivariable fractional polynomial techniques to allow nonlinear relationships to feature, were pursued. RESULTS: Choice of predictors was consistent for both the UK and US EQ-5D questionnaire tariffs. For idiopathic, the best model included the I-QOL total score and age (both modeled nonlinearly.) For neurogenic, the best model was the I-QOL social embarrassment domain score modeled linearly only. Best-fit results were better in the idiopathic (n = 2351; MAE = 0.10; @entity2246 = 0.14) than in the neurogenic sample (n = 254; MAE = 0.17; @entity2246 = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: This research provides algorithms for mapping EQ-5D questionnaire index scores from the I-QOL, allowing calculation of appropriate preference-based health-related quality-of-life scores for use in cost-effectiveness analyses when only I-QOL data are available. The strongest results were for idiopathic @entity1 , but those for neurogenic are consistent with those of other published mapping studies.

title: Mapping EQ-5D utility scores from the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire among XXXX with neurogenic and idiopathic @entity2182 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic or neurogenic overactive bladder', 'OAB', 'idiopathic or neurogenic OAB']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'root mean squared error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity137 of the synthetic bone substitute composed of @entity9039 and @entity3584 crosslinked gelatin (GTG) were evaluated by osteoblast cell culture. In a previous study, the GTG composites were soaked in distilled water for 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days, and then the solutions (or extracts) were cocultured with osteoblasts to evaluate the @entity137 of GTG composites by alive cell counting. In this study, the extracts were cocultured with the osteoblasts; thereafter, the concentration of transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ) and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) in the medium was analyzed to strictly reflect the biological effects of GTG composites on the growth of osteoblasts. In order to investigate the osteoconductive potential of the GTG composites on new bone formation in a relative short term, a model of neonatal @entity35 calvarial organ culture was designed prior to animal experiments. Three experimental materials of 4, 8, and 12% GTG composites were evaluated by fetal @entity35 calvarial organ culture for their ability for bone regeneration. Deproteinized @entity291 and porcine cancellous bone matrixes were used as the controlled materials. All the organ culture units were maintained in cultured medium for 5 weeks. Following the culture period, the morphology of tissue was observed under an optical microscope, and the quantitative evaluation of the new generation bone was determined by using a semiautomatic histomorphometeric method. Except in the initial 4 days, the concentration of @entity1810 of 4% and 8% GTG composites was higher than that of the blank group for all the other experimental time periods. The @entity1421 concentration for 4% and 8% GTG composites was lower than that of the blank group. It revealed that the 4% and 8% GTG composites would not lead to @entity32 and would promote osteoblast growth. The morphology and activity of the osteoblasts were not transformed or changed by the 2 GTG composites. For the 12% GTG composite, the performance of the in vitro condition was inferior to the blank group and the other 2 GTG composites. Although the concentration of @entity1810 and @entity1421 was gradually back to normal after 14 days, the morphology of the osteoblasts was abnormal with features such as contracted cytoplast structures. The osteoblast was damaged perhaps in the initial stage. We suggested that the 4% and 8% GTG composites should be soaked in distilled water at least for 4 days before medical applications. The 12% GTG composite and the composites with a concentration of @entity3584 solution higher than 12% were not recommended as a medical prostheses in any condition. The fetal @entity35 calvaria culture also showed the same results with the analysis of @entity1810 and @entity1421 . From the study, we could predict the results of animal experiments in the future.

title: Osteogenic evaluation of XXXX crosslinked gelatin composite with fetal @entity35 calvarial culture model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity9039 :: ('MESH:C018392', 'Chemical') :: ['tricalcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity3584 :: (MESH:D005976,Chemical) :: ['glutaraldehyde']


abstract: In this clinical trial, oral @entity2380 was used to treat @entity1330 in 32 @entity1 with @entity791 ( @entity791 ). In 11 @entity1 who received 200 to 400 mg/day of @entity2380 as primary therapy, a favorable clinical response was obtained in 67% of all evaluable @entity1 . A negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was also reported for 86% of these cases. @entity2380 was used as second-line therapy in an additional 15 @entity1 who were not responsive to therapy with @entity2379 or @entity2379 combined with @entity4895 . Positive clinical and mycologic responses were then obtained in more than 60% of these cases. Following successful treatment with @entity2380 as either the primary or secondary antifungal agent, 26 @entity1 were evaluated during maintenance therapy with 100 to 200 mg daily of @entity2380 to prevent recurrence of disease. The relapse rate was 3.2 cases of @entity1330 per 1000 @entity1 weeks, with a mean duration of 22 weeks for maintenance therapy. An additional six @entity1 who were also treated with either @entity2379 alone or in combination with @entity4895 but were asymptomatic or CSF culture negative when treatment with @entity2380 was initiated were evaluated for the safety and efficacy of maintenance therapy. Thus, treatment of @entity2380 appears to be efficacious as well as safe. The incidence of superimposed infections associated in these @entity791 @entity1 make it difficult to accurately assess any adverse effects.

title: Efficacy of @entity2380 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity1330 :: (MESH:D016919,Disease) :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']


abstract: Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) is an effective treatment for @entity4254 , but consensus regarding an optimal treatment temperature is lacking. While treatment temperatures ranging from 60  C to 95  C have been reported, RFT at too high a temperature is often followed by serious complications, and comparative evaluations of RFT at different temperatures in a single study are rare.This current prospective cohort study was to compare immediate and long-term outcomes of RFT at varying temperatures in @entity1 with bilateral @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (V2), mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3), and V2+V3, including @entity158 , recurrence rate, and @entity1 satisfaction. From May 2011 to April 2016, 62 consecutive @entity1 with bilateral @entity4254 of V2, V3, and V2+V3 were enrolled in the study. These @entity1 underwent bilateral RFT at 68  C and 75  C, respectively, using the same RF parameters. Side-to-side results, including @entity158 , and @entity1 satisfaction, were compared during a 5-year follow-up period.Overall @entity158 relief was satisfactory after RFT. The rate of @entity158 relief after treatment at 75  C was slightly higher than at 68  C (P>0.05). The @entity158 -free rate was 95.1% at 75  C and 93.5% at 68  C at 1 year, 84.3% and 78.1% at 3 years, and 80.7% and 74.4% at 5 years. There were 10 and 13 cases of recurrence, respectively, and 6 cases of bilateral recurrence. The incidence and severity of complications were greater at 75  C (P<0.05) than at 68  C, and therefore the @entity1 satisfaction at the higher temperature was lower (P<0.05). @entity1 with bilateral @entity4254 who underwent RFT at different temperatures had consistent @entity158 relief after RFT at both 75  C and 68  C, but there were fewer and less severe complications at 68  C, which was accompanied by greater @entity1 satisfaction. This suggests that RFT at lower temperatures may be preferable, and that a temperature of 68  C can be recommended.

title: Treatment of bilateral XXXX by radiofrequency thermocoagulation at different temperatures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['ITN', 'idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain relief, complications']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: @entity53596 is a highly lipophilic @entity4349 with the ability to bypass the @entity1262 mechanism of cellular drug resistance. In this phase I study, @entity53596 entrapped in liposomes was administered by a 1- to 2-h intravenous infusion at 3-week intervals. Thirty-six @entity1 with relapsed solid @entity5 were treated and 109 courses were administered at doses ranging from 3 to 240 mg/m2. The dose-limiting @entity137 was @entity882 . Five @entity1 had a probable @entity56 , requiring discontinuation of treatment in one. Treatment was well tolerated otherwise. No @entity1370 was seen on endomyocardial biopsy of four @entity1 studied. There was limited gastrointestinal @entity137 and no @entity1665 . No objective @entity5 responses were observed. Pharmacokinetic studies at 24, 120 and 240 mg/m2 showed a biexponential plasma concentration-versus-time profile. There was a linear relationship between the dose and the maximal plasma concentration with relatively constant plasma clearance values. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for liposomal @entity53596 defined in this study is 210 mg/m2. Because of a subsequent change in the formulation of the drug, future studies will use 190 mg/m2 as the MTD.

title: Phase I study of liposomal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity53596 :: ('MESH:C080315', 'Chemical') :: ['annamycin', 'Annamycin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity53596 :: (MESH:C080315,Chemical) :: ['annamycin']


abstract: The development of @entity420 in @entity355 is proposed to occur via a stepwise progression recognised histologically as a @entity189 sequence. In order to identify chromosomal loci involved in the @entity5 's epithelium and the development of @entity420 , microsatellite analysis was carried out on 17 cases of Barrett's-associated @entity420 . Samples of @entity355 's epithelium adjacent to @entity420 were obtained from seven of these cases. @entity74 was detected in > 45% of informative cases of @entity420 on chromosome arms 3q (65%), 4q (71%), 5q (59%), 6q (59%), 9p (50%), 9q (47%), 12p (47%), 12q (65%), 17p (76%), and 18q (75%). @entity74 at 4q, 17p, and 18q was significantly higher than the upper 95% confidence interval for background @entity74 . @entity74 was detected at several loci in the premalignant epithelium from five of the seven cases studied. These loci included several chromosomal arms that had demonstrated high levels of @entity74 in @entity420 , namely, 4q (one case), 5q (two cases), 9 (three cases), 12q (five cases), 17p (four cases), and 18q (two cases). Novel microsatellite alleles were detected in both premalignant and malignant Barrett's epithelium. In three cases, @entity355 's epithelium and adjacent @entity420 demonstrated the same pattern of novel microsatellite alleles at a number of loci. In conclusion, these data indicate chromosomal loci which may be specifically involved in the histological progression of Barrett's epithelium. The detection of shared novel microsatellite alleles in premalignant and malignant Barrett's epithelium is consistent with a process of clonal expansion underlying this progression.

title: @entity355 : microsatellite analysis provides evidence to support the proposed XXXX sequence.

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus", 'premalignant Barrett', 'dysplastic Barrett']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of Barrett']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Allelic imbalance', 'allelic imbalance']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma']


abstract: We describe the incidence and etiology of @entity221 and the relationship between @entity221 characteristics and outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 <14 years and with Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score of <9 admitted to a level I pediatric @entity130 center intensive care unit (PICU) between 1998 and 2003. We examined whether @entity221 characteristics were associated with poor outcome (hospital discharge GCS score <13 and discharge disposition of either @entity204 or discharge to a skilled nursing facility). PICU length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS were also examined. Data are presented as means and medians (SD), and P < 0.05 reflects significance. Ninety-three records were reviewed. @entity1 were 5.7 (SD 4.1) years old, 70% were male, and the average admission GCS score was 5. Mortality rate was 14%. Forty-eight (52%) @entity1 had @entity221 , and 23 (48%) of those @entity1 had infectious @entity221 . Each additional febrile episode was associated with a twofold higher risk of @entity1 having a hospital discharge GCS score of <13 (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2-5.0) and having a 0.4-day longer PICU LOS (P < 0.001). @entity1 with infectious @entity221 had a 0.9-day longer PICU LOS (P < 0.001). @entity1 with any @entity221 in the PICU had an increased HLOS (0.9 days; P < 0.001). Our data suggest that in severe pediatric @entity131 , both @entity221 and @entity281 were common, and both were associated with longer LOS. @entity1 with higher @entity221 burden had poor hospital discharge GCS score.

title: Clinical features of XXXX associated with poor outcome in severe pediatric @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To directly compare the rate of @entity4053 and metabolic control achieved on once-daily ultralente insulin administration with twice-daily NPH insulin administration in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity1 treatment satisfaction and quality of life were also examined before and during each treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A crossover study was performed involving five centers and 79 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (fasting blood @entity413 > 8 mmol/l) with a 2-month run-in followed by two 6-month periods of either NPH or ultralente insulin administration. @entity1 were managed by a specialist nurse using a dosage adjustment protocol. RESULTS: HbA1c was lower with NPH insulin therapy during each of the 6-month periods (9.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 9.1 +/- 0.3 and 9.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.3 mmol/l; both P < 0.01). The difference was accounted for by higher evening @entity413 levels with ultralente insulin (fasting 8.2 +/- 0.3 vs. 8.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, 6:00 P.M. 11.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 10.6 +/- 0.4 mmol/l). Despite worse control, the total number of @entity2749 was greater with ultralente insulin (220 vs. 171), and @entity2749 requiring third-party assistance occurred almost entirely with ultralente (14 vs. 1). Treatment satisfaction scores increased more with NPH insulin compared with ultralente and rose further upon changing to NPH insulin, but fell upon changing to ultralente insulin. These changes were highly significant (P < 0.001). @entity6 quality of life improved on both regimens. CONCLUSIONS: These data clearly demonstrate the lower @entity4053 rate, better @entity413 control, and greater treatment satisfaction accompanying therapy for @entity164 2 @entity6 with twice daily NPH compared with once daily ultralente insulin.

title: Appropriate insulin regimes for @entity164 2 XXXX : a multicenter randomized crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic episodes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The risk of second @entity5 in the head and neck region following definitive radiation therapy was evaluated among 600 @entity1 who were treated for T1 and T2 @entity5 of the oral cavity and oropharynx at the Henri Mondor hospital between January 1970 and March 1987. Seventy-five @entity1 (12.5%) were managed with external irradiation only, 243 (40.5%) with @entity138 and @entity3201 192, and 282 (47%) with @entity3201 192 alone. One hundred fifteen @entity1 (19%) developed a second @entity5 from 3 to 183 months after initial therapy (median: 32 months), including 69 @entity1 (11.5%) in whom the second @entity5 was diagnosed in the head and neck region. An increased and constant actuarial risk of development of second @entity135 was found (2.7%/year of observation). Univariate analysis showed that age, sex, stage, and modality of the initial treatment did not influence the risk of second @entity135 ; there was a greater risk of second head and @entity5 for those @entity1 with soft @entity189 (p less than 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the only group of @entity1 who developed a second @entity135 more frequently were those who were irradiated with @entity3201 192 only (p = 0.0076). There was a trend toward a greater risk of second head and @entity5 for those with soft @entity189 (p = 0.059). Radical treatment of the second head and @entity5 by surgery and/or re-irradiation was performed for 67% of @entity1 . @entity1 initially treated by @entity3201 192 only could undergo salvage treatment more often than those who previously received external beam radiotherapy (79% vs 53%, p = 0.02). The overall 2-year and 5-year survivals after the diagnosis of the second @entity135 were 32% and 10%, respectively.

title: Second XXXX following radiation therapy of T1 and T2 @entity5 of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neck malignancy', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['palate carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancers']


abstract: Normal pregnancy is associated with systemic vasodilation and @entity455 , partly due to increased release of endothelium-derived vasodilator substances. @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) is an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor acting via @entity11081 ( @entity11081 ) and possibly type B (ETB R) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), with additional vasodilator effects via endothelial ETB R. However, the role of @entity1827 receptor subtypes in the regulation of vascular function during pregnancy is unclear. We investigated whether the @entity455 during pregnancy reflects changes in the expression/activity of @entity11081 and @entity10932 . Contraction was measured in single aortic VSMCs isolated from virgin, mid-pregnant (mid-Preg, day 12), and late-Preg (day 19) @entity35 , and the mRNA expression, protein amount, tissue and cellular distribution of @entity11081 and @entity10932 were examined using RT-PCR, Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. @entity2647 ( @entity815 , 10(-5)    M), @entity4338 (51   mM), and @entity1827 (10(-6)    M) caused VSMC contraction that was in late-Preg   <   mid-Preg and virgin @entity35 . In VSMCs treated with ETB R antagonist @entity11345 , @entity1827 caused significant contraction that was still in late-Preg   <   mid-Preg and virgin @entity35 . In VSMCs treated with the @entity11081 antagonist @entity11344 , @entity1827 caused a small contraction; and the @entity10932 agonists @entity13071 and sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) caused similar contraction that was in late-Preg   <   mid-Preg and virgin @entity35 . RT-PCR revealed similar @entity11081 , but greater @entity10932 mRNA expression in pregnant versus virgin @entity35 . Western blots revealed similar @entity11081 , and greater protein amount of @entity10932 in endothelium-intact vessels, but reduced @entity10932 in endothelium-denuded vessels of pregnant versus virgin @entity35 . Immunohistochemistry revealed prominent @entity10932 staining in the intima, but reduced @entity11081 and @entity10932 in the aortic media of pregnant @entity35 . Immunofluorescence signal for @entity11081 and @entity10932 was less in VSMCs of pregnant versus virgin @entity35 . The pregnancy-associated decrease in @entity11081 - and @entity10932 -mediated VSMC contraction appears to involve downregulation of @entity11081 and @entity10932 expression/activity in VSM, and may play a role in the adaptive vasodilation during pregnancy.

title: Adaptive regulation of XXXX in vascular smooth muscle cells during pregnancy in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vascular contraction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity11081 :: ('24326(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ETA R', 'ETAR', 'endothelin receptor type A']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

answer: @entity11081 :: (24326(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['endothelin receptor type-A and type-B']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental rate, lipid and mitochondrial distribution and gene expression in oocyte-derived embryos selected on the basis of brilliant @entity49861 (BCB) staining. Lipid content and mitochondrial distribution in Day 8 blastocysts were evaluated by fluorescence intensity, while gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. The proportion of blastocysts (30.9%) was greater (P<0.05) in BCB+ than in BCB- oocytes (13%) but not different (P>0.05) from the control group (28.2%). Total cell number was also greater in BCB+ (155.1    36.2) than in BCB- (116.6    40.5) and control (127.5    35.7) blastocysts. Furthermore, the apoptotic cell number was less in BCB+ (3.7    4.4) than in BCB- blastocysts (8.7    8.7) but not different from the control group (5.9    3.9). BCB+ embryos contained more mitochondria compared to BCB- embryos (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intercellular lipid accumulation in embryos from all groups. Interferon-   (IFN  ), transforming growth factor b1 ( @entity12574 ) and @entity54734 ( @entity54734 ) gene expression was greater in BCB+ than in BCB- blastocysts. By contrast, @entity28974 ( @entity28974 ) and @entity54735 ( @entity54735 ) gene expression was greater in BCB- than in BCB+ and control embryos. In conclusion, oocyte-derived embryos selected on the basis of BCB staining showed differences in developmental rate, quality, mitochondrial content and target gene expression compared to control embryos.

title: Mitochondrial content and gene expression profiles in oocyte-derived embryos of cattle selected on the basis of brilliant XXXX staining.

entities_list: @entity54735 :: ('507564(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1', 'HNRNPA2B1']

entities_list: @entity54734 :: ('100125878(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['secreted seminal-vesicle Ly-6 protein 1', 'SSLP1']

entities_list: @entity49861 :: ('MESH:C006797', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl blue']

answer: @entity49861 :: (MESH:C006797,Chemical) :: ['cresyl blue']


abstract: @entity12000 ( @entity12000 ) is an autosomal recessive, genetically @entity74 , representing the most frequent inherited cause of @entity177 in @entity1 . One of the responsible loci, @entity52535 , has been mapped to 2q13. The presence of large homozygous deletions of approximately 250 kb in the majority of affected @entity1 allowed us to define a minimal deletion interval for @entity52535 . A BAC contig covering this interval was established. Combination of large scale genomic sequencing, cDNA selection and computer-aided analysis led to the characterization of two transcriptional units. One encodes the already known @entity26324 protein, and the other encodes a novel protein of at least 732 @entity1522 containing a putative src homology 3 domain. In two @entity1 carrying the large deletion of the @entity52535 region on only one allele, two mutations were detected in two independent exons of the novel gene. One consists of a single base deletion, causing a frameshift, and the other is a @entity13284 substitution in the consensus 5' splice donor site. Both mutations thus potentially generate null mutants. One of these mutations was found to segregate with the disease in the family, and the second appeared to be a de novo mutation. We therefore conclude that this novel gene is a strong candidate for @entity12000 .

title: A novel gene that encodes a protein with a putative src homology 3 domain is a candidate gene for familial juvenile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity12000 :: ('MESH:C537699', 'Disease') :: ['Familial juvenile nephronophthisis', 'NPH']

answer: @entity12000 :: (MESH:C537699,Disease) :: ['nephronophthisis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Nutrition has been proposed as a potential environmental factor affecting the risk of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). In the present study, the impact of adherence to the @entity827 ( @entity827 ) on the presence and severity of @entity1561 was explored. METHODS: Seventy-three consecutive adult @entity1 with recent @entity1561 diagnosis were included. Adherence to the @entity827 was estimated with MedDietScore. Demographic and anthropometric data, body composition analysis and several biochemical and inflammatory markers were estimated. @entity409 measurements by transient elastography were available in 58 @entity1 and liver biopsies in 34 @entity1 . Fifty-eight @entity1 were matched with 58 healthy controls in terms of age, sex and body mass index. RESULTS: MedDietScore was negatively correlated to patients' serum @entity493 aminotransferase (p = 0.03) and insulin levels (p = 0.001), insulin resistance index (p = 0.005) and severity of @entity1560 (p = 0.006) and positively to serum @entity1254 levels (p = 0.04). @entity1 with @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) exhibited lower adherence to @entity827 (29.3    3.2 vs. 34.1    4.4, p = 0.004) compared to those with @entity1560 . Logistic regression analysis revealed that one unit increase in the MedDietScore was associated with 36% lower likelihood of having @entity7936 (odds ratio: 0.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.92), after adjusting for sex and abdominal fat level. No difference in the MedDietScore was observed between @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Higher adherence to the @entity827 is not associated with lower likelihood of having @entity1561 , but it is associated with less degree of insulin resistance and less severe @entity409 among @entity1 with @entity1561 .

title: Adherence to the @entity827 is associated with the severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['simple fatty liver', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Mediterranean diet']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver stiffness', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the experience with the use of Sideris' device for percutaneous @entity432 of @entity118 ( @entity118 ). METHODS: Thirty six procedures of @entity118 occlusion were performed in 32 @entity1 ; 27 (84.4%) female and five (15.6%) male, mean age of 16 years (4-61). All @entity1 had secundum @entity118 with clinical and hemodynamic compromise. The @entity118 diameter measured < 31 mm and occupied less than 50% of the septal length in all cases. The basic device was used in 28 (87.5%) @entity1 and the self centered model in four (12.5%). The direct implant technique was employed in 15 (41.7%) procedures while in the other 21 (58.3%) an over a wire technique was used. The size of the device was selected according with the Sideris' normogram. RESULTS: Occlusion of the defect was achieved in 29 @entity1 (90.63%). In two (6.25%) the position of the device was not adequate and in one (3.12%) the device embolized to the pulmonary artery. In these three cases the device was removed surgically during the defect closure. There was neither morbidity nor mortality in this series. Trivial or small residual shunt was detected with color flow mapping in three (9.4%) @entity1 immediately after the procedure. In 22 @entity1 with 12 months follow-up, trivial residual shunt was present in only one (4.5%). Structural modification of the device was detected in one @entity1 , however with @entity118 and neither clinical nor hemodynamic disturbance. CONCLUSION: The Sideris' device is safe and efficient for @entity118 occlusion in selected @entity1 . Although there is a relatively high incidence of residual shunt immediately after the procedure, the shunt itself tends to become smaller or disappear during the follow-up and it does not preclude clinical and hemodynamic improvement.

title: [ @entity118 percutaneous XXXX with the buttoned device].

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['transvenous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'atrial septal defects', 'complete ASD occlusion', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['transvenous occlusion']


abstract: 1. @entity23703 has been found to have an approximately 600 fold greater affinity for I1 @entity947 preferring sites as compared to alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the @entity35 kidney. The effects of an intrarenal infusion of @entity23703 in an anaesthetized @entity35 preparation were investigated and contrasted with the effects previously reported for alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation. 2. An intrarenal infusion of @entity23703 (1, 3 and 10 nmol kg-1 min-1) produced an increase in urine flow rate and @entity1372 excretion. @entity23703 increased urine volume through an increase in osmolar clearance rather than an increase in free water clearance as previously reported for alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation. 3. The effects of @entity23703 also appeared to be unique from the effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation. An @entity947 preferring site specific blocking dose of @entity9006 (0.3 mg kg-1), but not an alpha 2-adrenoceptor specific blocking dose of @entity3160 (0.3 mg kg-1) attenuated the renal effects of @entity23703 (3 nmol kg-1 min-1). Moreover, unlike alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, the effects of @entity23703 were not altered by prior treatment with a V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist. 4. These results indicate differences between stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors and I1 @entity947 preferring sites in the @entity35 kidney and suggest a direct physiological function of renal @entity947 preferring sites.

title: Renal @entity947 preferring sites and solute excretion in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity23703 :: ('MESH:C043482', 'Chemical') :: ['moxonidine', 'Moxonidine']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Merkel cells are clear oval cells in the epidermis and outer root sheaths of hair follicles, which are probably of epithelial origin, share ultrastructural features with neuroendocrine cells, and are found in association with touch receptors. In the eyelid, they occur singly in the epidermis and external root sheaths of hairs and eyelashes, and in specialized touch spots alternating with eyelashes. Their typical electron microscopical and antigenic features include dense-core granules, intranuclear rodlets, spinous processes, and a positive reaction for specific cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, @entity5473 . Merkel cell @entity189 probably develops from precursor cells which give rise to keratinocytes and Merkel cells, and nearly one out of @entity3852 occur in the eyelid and periocular region. They tend to be bulging lesions near the lid margin of elderly @entity1 , reddish in color, and erythematous with telangiectatic vessels. The diagnosis is based on the frequent presence of neurofilaments and paranuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments in addition to features typical of normal Merkel cells. The @entity5 often mimics @entity189 and frequently invades lymphatic vessels. One @entity3852 recur, almost two thirds give rise to regional node metastases, and up to one half @entity3 widely and result in @entity204 . Initial treatment should be prompt and @entity146 , with wide resection and routine postoperative irradiation. Although metastatic lesions often respond to radiation therapy and cytostatic drugs, these treatments are mainly of palliative value.

title: The Merkel cell and associated XXXX in the eyelids and periocular region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['third of Merkel cell carcinomas', 'ten Merkel cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5473 :: ('6855', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin and synaptophysin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma or undifferentiated carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: The clinical pathogen @entity5132 is a budding @entity375 that is capable of forming a range of polarized and expanded cell shapes from pseudohyphae to true nonconstricted hyphae. Filamentous forms consist of contiguous uninucleated compartments that are partitioned by septa. It has long been held that the so-called "dimorphic transition" from a budding to a filamentous form may aid the fungus to penetrate epithelia and may therefore be a virulence factor. This review summarized new information regarding the physiology and ecology of hyphal growth in @entity5132 . New evidence has demonstrated that hyphae of @entity5132 have a sense of touch so that they grow along grooves and through pores (thigmotropism). This may aid infiltration of epithelial surfaces during tissue invasion. Hyphae are also aerotropic and can form helices when contacting solid surfaces. Growing evidence supports the view that hyphal growth is a response to nutrient deprivation, especially low @entity1568 and that filamentous growth enables the fungus to forage for nutrients more effectively. Further insights into the growth of @entity5132 have come from the analysis of genes and mutations of @entity375 which have begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the mechanisms of bud site selection, cell polarity and signal transduction pathways that lead to pseudohyphal development in this and other organisms. For example, it is now clear that a MAP-kinase cascade, homologous to the mating pathway in @entity375 , regulates filamentous growth in both fungi. However, this must be only one of several overlapping or separate signal transduction pathways for hyphal development because filamentous growth still occurs in mutants of Candida and @entity375 which are blocked in this pathway. Cell cycle analyses have shown that hyphal phase cell cycle of Candida is distinct from that in budding and pseudohyphal formation and so pseudohyphal growth of @entity375 is not a true model of germ tube growth in Candida. Pseudohyphal growth in both Candida and @entity375 involves synchronous division of mother cells and their daughters. In contrast, during germ tube growth of Candida, cytoplasm is unequally partitioned at cytokinesis so that apical cells inherit more cytoplasm and sub-apical cells have a single nucleus but are extensively vacuolated. As a result, apical cells grow and divide while sub-apical cells are apparently arrested in the cell cycle until they can regenerate sufficient cytoplasm to re-enter the cell cycle. Although current studies still fall short of verifying the status of @entity375 -hypha dimorphism as a virulence factor, they suggest that the cell biology of germ tube growth of @entity5132 is well suited for the invasive growth of the fungus in vivo.

title: Germ tube growth of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces', 'yeast']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a rare @entity5 . Clinicopathological characteristics that influence survival of @entity1 with this @entity5 are under debate. Treatment is based on @entity5 resection. The benefice of therapies, such as @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) and/or chemotherapy (CT) as adjuvant treatments to surgery, or palliative therapy to unresectable or recurrent thymoma are discussed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess @entity1 with @entity3 , with specific emphasis on factors predicting survival. METHODS: We studied retrospectively 23 @entity1 with @entity3 . Parameters assessed were age, presenting symptoms, histological features, stage at diagnosis, treatment modalities and survival. All @entity1 received primary therapy: 11 @entity1 (48%) had @entity5 resection associated with CT and/or @entity1161 , while 12 @entity1 had palliative therapy including @entity1161 and/or CT. Regimens for CT were based on @entity900 . RESULTS: @entity1 ' mean age was 58 years. Three @entity1 had @entity34 at diagnosis (13%), 8 @entity1 had stage III (35%) and 12 @entity1 had stage IV (52%). Median overall survival was 20 months (range: 4-160) and five-year survival rate was 43.5% (10 @entity1 ). Surgical resection had a significant impact on survival (p < 0.0001). Survival was also related to stage of the disease at diagnosis (p = 0.006), but not to histology of the @entity5 (p = 0.12). Salvage treatment was of clinical importance: 5 out of 15 @entity1 (33.3%) who relapsed during a 5-year follow-up responded to a multimodality therapeutic approach that affected survival (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION: Factors determining the outcome of these @entity5 are the stage of the disease at diagnosis, and the adequacy of surgical removal. Salvage treatment of recurrent thymoma may give a moderate response rate and improve survival.

title: XXXX : a clinical study of 23 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'mediastinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive thymoma', 'Invasive thymoma']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Invasive thymoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Topical therapy may provide additional benefit in @entity1 with @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ). This study was conducted to study the safety and efficacy of 0.025% @entity2951 gel in this condition. METHODS: A 20-week, double-blind, crossover, randomized, single-center study enrolled subjects with @entity3949 . They received 0.025% @entity2951 gel or placebo for 8  weeks, with a washout period of 4  weeks between the two treatments. Primary efficacy end point was percent change in visual analog scale (0-100  mm) of @entity158 severity. Secondary outcomes were score change in @entity9 ( @entity9 ), short-form McGill Pain Questionnaires (SF-MPQ), proportion of @entity1 who had @entity158 score reductions of 30% and 50%, and adverse event. RESULTS: Of the 35 subjects screened, 33 were enrolled and 33 completed at least an 8-week treatment period. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant improvement in @entity158 with @entity2951 gel, compared with placebo with visual analog scale (VAS) score 28.8  mm vs. 34.6  mm (P  =  0.53). No significant difference between the groups was found in SF-MPQ (7.4 vs. 7.71, P  =  0.95), @entity9 (29.4 vs. 31.3, P  =  0.81), and proportion of @entity1 who had 30% or 50% @entity158 relief. @entity2951 gel was well tolerated with minor skin reaction. CONCLUSIONS: 0.025% @entity2951 gel is safe and well tolerated, but does not provide significant @entity158 relief in @entity1 with @entity3949 .

title: 0.025% XXXX gel for the treatment of @entity3949 : a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['PDN', 'painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic Pain Scale', 'NPS']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: Fourty seven years old @entity1 came to our hospital for further examination of incidentally found abnormal chest shadow. Chest US examination revealed lobulated cystic mass. The cyst wall was thin and smooth. Chest computed tomography showed water density cystic mass. Preoperative diagnosis was @entity20068 . Operation was done. Lobulated cyst was attached to pericardium and diaphragma. Though adhesion to the pericardium was loose, adhesion to the diaphragma was tight. To achieve complete resection of the cyst, partial resection of the diaphragma was needed. Postoperative course was uneventful. @entity3609 is benign but complications such as @entity281 or @entity548 were reported. Then complete resection of the cyst should be done.

title: [A case report of anterior mediastinal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity20068 :: ('MESH:D008476', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial cyst']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3609 :: (MESH:D018191,Disease) :: ['cystic lymphangioma']


abstract: A two and half year old female was admitted at the emergency room suffering from gradually worsening @entity10 followed by @entity390 . The @entity1 presented with reduced level of consciousness and bilateral hypoacusis. The @entity1 was lethargic. Ophthalmic examination showed @entity732 ( @entity732 ). This finding was crucial to the diagnosis of @entity9464 ( @entity9464 ), a rare @entity792 characterized by, endotheliopathy of retina, encephalic tissues and cochlea. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain also showed typical features. Thorough blood investigations did not reveal any other abnormality. @entity1 was treated with immunosuppressive to prevent her from developing severe sequelae of this disease. The @entity1 showed dramatic improvement in her systemic condition within 48 h of starting the treatment. This is the youngest ever and first case report from India.

title: XXXX : first from India and youngest in the world.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity9464 :: ('MESH:D055955', 'Disease') :: ['SS', "Susac's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['BRAO', 'branch retinal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity9464 :: (MESH:D055955,Disease) :: ['Susac's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing is commonly practiced at the time of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) implant. The clinical consequence of @entity1457 delivered during DFT testing is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of @entity1457 and @entity737 shock energy level delivered during DFT testing in @entity1 enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) on clinical outcomes. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent DFT testing within 1 month of device implant were categorized by the number of @entity1457 delivered during DFT testing (0, 1, 2, >= 3 shocks) and according to high vs low (>20 J vs  <=20 J) energy @entity1457 . Clinical outcomes consisting of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) or @entity204 , @entity204 alone, @entity712 alone, and @entity1165 or @entity2224 were analyzed in each group. RESULTS: DFT testing was performed in 1,659 @entity1 within 1 month of device implant (1 shock in 365 @entity1 , 2 shocks in 896 @entity1 , 3+ shocks in 398 @entity1 ). High-energy @entity1457 were delivered in 609 @entity1 . Increasing number of @entity1457 during DFT testing was not associated with an increase risk for the primary end-point of @entity712 or @entity204 or for any of the secondary end-points of @entity712 alone, VT/VF alone, or @entity204 . Delivery of high vs low-energy @entity1457 was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with mild symptoms of @entity712 , increasing number of @entity1457 and delivery of high energy @entity1457 during DFT testing was not associated with increased risk for @entity712 or @entity204 or future VT/VF episodes.

title: Effect of defibrillation threshold testing on XXXX hospitalization or @entity204 in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with @entity5 for which there was no effective standard therapy or whose disease was refractory to standard therapy were treated with recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( @entity23142 ). The @entity23142 was administered by intravenous bolus infusion for 5 consecutive days every other week for 2 treatment weeks. The doses administered ranged from 30 to 33,000 micrograms/m2/day. There was no intrapatient dose escalation. There were minimal to no systemic side effects seen, except for acute @entity1353 noted in three @entity1 . The @entity1353 was felt to be related to the rate of infusion and did not recur in one @entity1 given additional @entity23142 at a slower infusion rate. The major hematologic effect seen was a mild @entity1423 , which began to recover while the @entity1 continued to receive the @entity23142 . The clearance of @entity23142 was dose dependent. Lower doses resulted in a saturable mechanism felt to represent cellular uptake. Clearance at higher doses demonstrated both a first-order mechanism at high serum @entity23142 concentrations, representing renal clearance, as well as a saturable mechanism at low serum concentrations. The maximum mean serum half-life was reached at dose levels of greater than or equal to 3,690 micrograms/m2 and was in the range of 234-258 min. By this route of administration, rises in absolute monocyte count were slight and seen only at doses of greater than or equal to 450 micrograms/m2 during the second therapy week. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached in this study because of lack of availability of @entity23142 .

title: A phase I trial of recombinant XXXX macrophage colony-stimulating factor by rapid intravenous infusion in @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in platelet count']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if digital enhancements could improve upon published and interobserver variability for Cobb angle measurements of @entity2112 using a commercially available PACS system. The study also sought to determine if experience of the observer affected overall variability and to evaluate the time required to measure Cobb angles using 3 different techniques. As the decision for @entity1635 treatment requires serial radiographic measurements by 1 or more observers at different times, precise landmark identification and curve measurement should decrease variability and improve accuracy. METHODS: Fifty-four consecutive digital radiographs of 49 @entity1 with @entity2112 were collected and archived, yielding a total of 117 curves. Five observers, ranging from a PGY2 resident to a senior level faculty member, measured each radiograph in 3 different ways. Technique A involved measuring the curves as the image first appeared on the computer screen. Technique B consisted of 2 extra steps: enlarging the image until the spine filled the screen and using an edge enhancement tool. Technique C utilized the steps in B and further enlarging each vertebra to adjust each measurement. Each technique was timed for each observer. RESULTS: Technique C had the lowest variability that was significantly different from technique A. Technique B also had lower variability than technique A. The 2 observers with the greatest experience demonstrated the least intraobserver and interobserver variability. Techniques B and C decreased the variability of less experienced observers. The average time required for techniques A, B, and C was 25, 29, and 40 seconds, respectively. Confounding variables such as @entity28 did not affect the measurements, but curve location did, with thoracic curves causing greater variability for less experienced observers. DISCUSSION: The results demonstrate that less experienced observers using the relatively rapid technique A for digital radiographs are more likely to have clinically significant discrepancies in their measurements, which could affect treatment decisions. Taking 4 extra seconds using technique B significantly decreases variability and improves accuracy in the evaluation and management of @entity1635 @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I (testing of previously developed diagnostic criteria).

title: Interobserver variability using a commercially available system of archived digital radiography with integrated computer-assisted measurements for XXXX Cobb angles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: The rudimentary @entity1 glandular breast, with the approach of puberty, starts to grow both at glandular and stromal sites. Full differentiation is a gradual process and takes many years, and is only fully attained by pregnancy. The risk of @entity0 is inversely related to parity. @entity1 during adolescence have the highest susceptibility to @entity0 development. This appears to be the period when the mammary gland has the highest number of stem cells. Stem cells may represent important targets for transformational events. Immunohistochemistry allows for identification of the lineage-specific precursor glandular and myoepithelial cells and their differentiated progeny. Both @entity172 receptor subtypes are found in epithelial cells of alveoli and ducts as well as in stromal cells. Immunophenotypia of benign proliferative @entity1558 favors a fundamentally different epithelial composition from that of most malignant epithelial proliferations such as @entity1373 , @entity513 in @entity1137 and invasive @entity0 . Immunophenotypical characterization of these lesions assists in distinguishing benign from @entity5 . Based on the observation of bilateral risks and frequent multifocality with @entity1373 , @entity1137 and @entity1137 in situ, it is suggested that these may represent risk factors as well as precursors. One should, however, realize that ductal as well as lobular premalignant breast lesions ultimately arise from stem cells in the terminal duct lobular units. @entity172 receptor-beta ( @entity1783 )-positive and @entity1782 -negative expression characterizes the highest levels of proliferative @entity5 cell activity. Point mutations and alterations of co-activators and co-repressors will also determine hormone sensitivity. There is evidence for different genetic pathways in the development of @entity513 in @entity1137 in situ. While they share recurrent 16q losses, a second hit in the @entity5962 gene explains the @entity1137 and their common existence with the primary ductal type. Based on our immunocytochemical observations, the most likely target cell of malignant transformation is the @entity2873 /18-positive and ER-negative transient cell of normal breast epithelium. Pregnancy confers a different genomic imprint to breast epithelial stem cells. Further elucidation of this mechanism may assist in developing appropriate means of @entity0 prevention. This paper is the Pieter van Keep Memorial Lecture given by Professor Hermann Schneider at the 11th World Congress on the Menopause, October 18-22, 2005, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

title: Hormones and progeny of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['situ, lobular neoplasia', 'atypical lobular hyperplasia', 'lobular carcinoma', 'situ and lobular carcinoma', 'advent of lobular lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: Various strains of @entity794 bacteria produce bicomponent toxins such as leukocidin LukE/LukD consisting of two subunits S (LukE) and F (LukD). The toxin subunits bind to leukocyte cell membrane inducing transmembrane pore formation and subsequent cell lysis. There is a lack of data on the effects of staphylococcal leukocidin LukE/LukD on fish immunocompetent cells in vitro. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of leukocidin LukE/LukD on the proliferative ability of T and B lymphocytes isolated from head kidney and spleen of @entity7136 ( @entity7136 L.). The response of T and B lymphocytes was stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) and lypopolysaccharide (LPS) respectively and measured by the @entity98 test. The results revealed the modulatory influence of staphylococcal leukocidin LukE/LukD on the proliferative ability of fish T and B lymphocytes. The highest concentrations (5000-25000 ng ml(-1) of medium) of complete leukocidin LukE/LukD and its subunit LukE induced statistically significant suppression of both head kidney and @entity1619 and B lymphocyte proliferation. On the other hand, the lowest concentrations of the complete toxin (0.32-1.6 ng ml(-1) of medium) caused slight but statistically significant stimulation of both head kidney and @entity1619 and B lymphocyte proliferative ability. No modulatory effects were observed at any concentration of subunit LukD used in the experiment. There is a need for further studies concerning the susceptibility of other immune cell populations isolated from fish to different types of staphylococcal leukocidin.

title: In vitro effects of staphylococcal leukocidin LukE/LukD on the proliferative ability of lymphocytes isolated from XXXX ( @entity7136 L.).

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['common carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['common carp']


abstract: Relationships between hepatic antioxidant paraoxonase ( @entity35905 ) activity, lipid peroxidation, and @entity99 were investigated in @entity35 with @entity14605 -induced @entity82 . The study was performed in 60 @entity14605 -treated @entity35 and 60 control animals receiving a standard diet or one supplemented with @entity219 . Subsets of 10 animals each were killed at weeks 1, 5, and 7 of the study. Results showed that @entity35905 significantly decreased in @entity35 given @entity14605 alone compared with control animals. This effect was partially reversed in animals receiving @entity219 . Conversely, lipid @entity2627 were significantly increased in @entity35 given @entity14605 alone and returned to approximately normal values in animals receiving @entity219 supplement. @entity35905 was inversely correlated with lipid peroxidation in all the animals studied. These alterations coincided with changes in serum @entity493 aminotransferase activity. In vitro incubation of isolated microsomes with @entity14605 or @entity1234 did not produce any significant changes in @entity35905 , indicating that the decrease in @entity35905 in @entity14605 -treated animals was not secondary to a direct inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation products. These data show a time course and quantitative relationship between @entity35905 activity and lipid peroxidation in @entity35 with @entity14605 -induced @entity82 and suggest that this enzyme plays a significant role within the antioxidant systems in liver microsomes.

title: Hepatic paraoxonase activity alterations and free radical production in @entity35 with experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: Impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in large arteries is an expression of @entity409 and an established marker of early @entity731 . @entity407 can induce an impairment of the endothelial function. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of post-prandial phase on flow-mediated vasodilation in a group of ten young (23 +/- 2 years) healthy @entity1 without cardiovascular risk factors, who underwent an oral fat-loading test. Flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery and serum lipid profile were assessed under fasting conditions and 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after a high-fat meal. @entity1674 increased from 0.6 +/- 0.2 fasting to 1.1 +/- 0.5 and 1.3 +/-0.6 mmol/l at the 2nd and 4th hour (both P < 0.01), and decreased thereafter. Flow-mediated vasodilation fell significantly from 14.5 +/- 6.6% fasting to 3.5 +/- 1.5% and 4.0 +/- 2.2% at the 2nd and 4th hour (both P < 0.01), and returned to the basal values at the 6th and 8th hour. A strong inverse correlation was observed between the area under the incremental curve of post-prandial @entity1674 (i.e. after subtraction of baseline @entity1674 ) and the area under the decremental curve of post-prandial flow-mediated vasodilation (r = -0.70, P = 0.025). No association was found between post-prandial vasodilation changes and fasting @entity1674 , other lipid parameters or insulin. We conclude that a transient @entity73 in brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation is evident in young healthy @entity1 after a high-fat meal, and is closely associated with @entity412 levels. These data provide support for a role of post-prandial phase in vascular regulation in young healthy subjects.

title: Impaired flow-mediated vasoactivity during post-prandial phase in young healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Post-prandial lipemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['post-prandial impairment']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides', 'triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The authors have studied the effect of @entity24174 nasal spray in the treatment of @entity2023 . The trial was a double-blind, placebo controlled study, with 33 allergic subjects (17 female, 16 male), 15-40 years old. The @entity1 were randomized into two parallel groups, to receive daily 0.56 mg of @entity24174 intranasally or placebo during two weeks. Before and after treatment severity of nasal symptoms such as: sneezing, itching, nasal blockage, nasal discharge and general feeling were evaluated by @entity1 according to VAS (visual analogue scale). At the same time the physician's evaluation of nasal @entity4 , nasal discharge and general @entity1 's condition were performed (VAS). Additionally during the treatment @entity1 noted possible adverse events. @entity1 's and physician's evaluations showed clinical efficacy in the @entity24174 group and no evident efficacy in the placebo group--between those two groups statistical significances were noted for all evaluated parameters (p < 0.001). The bitter taste in the mouth was the only serious side effect in some @entity1 in @entity24174 group, although this was quite well accepted. Generally the treatment was well-tolerated. @entity24174 nasal spray is an effective and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of @entity2023 .

title: [Clinical assessment of XXXX nasal spray in @entity2023 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity24174 :: ('MESH:C020976', 'Chemical') :: ['Azelastine', 'azelastine']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity24174 :: (MESH:C020976,Chemical) :: ['azelastine']


abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an important proliferative signal in the gastrointestinal tract. The @entity10816 ( @entity10816 ), which transduces the mitogenic stimulus to the cell, may be regulated by a number of factors including extracellular matrix, cell-cell contact, and other peptides. As @entity25963 ( @entity25963 ) has been shown to phosphorylate and down-regulate the @entity10816 in certain @entity5 cell lines, we propose that @entity25963 , an important regulatory enzyme, modulates the phosphorylation of the @entity10816 in the IEC 6 @entity35 enterocyte cell line. IEC 6 cells were cultured in dishes with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, (DMEM)/5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), which was changed to DMEM/1% FBS 24 hr prior to all experiments. Cells (three dishes per group) were treated with the @entity25963 activating @entity10757 ester @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) (100 nM) or vehicle for 1 hr and challenged with EGF (50 ng/ml) or vehicle for 15 min. Cell lysates were then prepared. @entity10816 @entity669 phosphorylation was determined by immunoprecipitating the @entity10816 and immunoblotting with an antibody against @entity10393 . @entity10816 apparent molecular weight was assessed in the same lysates by Western blot with an anti- @entity10816 antibody. Blots were analyzed by computer densitometry. Data are expressed as mean +/- SEM; n = 3 with P value determined by t test. Exposure of cells to @entity4515 resulted in a decrease in the EGF-stimulated @entity10816 @entity10393 content from 96 +/- 5 U in control to 66 +/- 6 U in @entity4515 (P < 0.01). The amount of receptor did not change, 43 +/- 3 U in control vs 44 +/- 3 U in @entity4515 (P = 0.44). Further, exposure to @entity4515 in the absence of EGF caused a gel shift of the @entity10816 band consistent with a nontyrosine phosphorylation of the protein. We demonstrate that activation of @entity25963 results in a modification of the @entity10816 coincident with inhibition of EGF-stimulated receptor @entity669 kinase activity. These data support a role for @entity25963 in the regulation of @entity10816 function and hence modulation of mitogenic signals in enterocytes.

title: XXXX inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation in enterocytes.

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity25963 :: (24681(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Protein kinase C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To clarify the relationship between associated @entity3002 and ocular manifestations in @entity1 with @entity14417 , a retrospective study was conducted. METHODS: We classified 37 @entity1 with @entity14417 into two groups, one with (+) and one without (-) @entity3002 . RESULTS: The @entity3002 (+) group consisted of 13 @entity1 , eight males and five females, with mean age of 2.3 months. @entity14417 was bilateral in six cases and unilateral in seven. @entity1104 was observed in 11 cases. @entity735 were seen in 12 cases, and @entity726 was present in eight cases. The @entity3002 (-) group comprised 24 @entity1 , 13 males and 11 females, with mean age of 28.3 months. @entity14417 was bilateral in 11 cases and unilateral in 13. @entity1104 was observed in five cases. The @entity735 were observed in 10 cases, and @entity726 was accompanied in six cases. The incidences of cases with @entity1104 , those with other @entity735 , and those with @entity726 were significantly higher in the @entity3002 (+) group than in the @entity3002 (-) group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14417 accompanying @entity1104 and/or other @entity735 should be evaluated for the presence of @entity3002 .

title: Ocular and systemic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['systemic anomalies', 'systemic anomaly']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'developmental glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['associated ocular anomalies', 'Associated ocular anomalies', 'ocular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['Corneolenticular adhesion', 'corneolenticular adhesion']

entities_list: @entity14417 :: ('MESH:C537884', 'Disease') :: ["Peters' anomaly"]

answer: @entity14417 :: (MESH:C537884,Disease) :: ['Peters' anomaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative radio-chemotherapy (RCX) was introduced to improve the outcome of @entity1 with @entity5 (EC), but conflicting results have been released. Some 20-30% of @entity1 show a complete pathological response, however, the perioperative morbidity and mortality is increased. To search for factors indicating response prior to the onset of RCX we investigated the proliferative activity ( @entity1758 ), the expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and the capillary density ( @entity2280 ) in samples of EC obtained by endoscopy prior to the start of the treatment. METHODS: Forty-six ( @entity1758 ) and 21 ( @entity7 , @entity2280 ) tissue specimens of ECs were available from 56 @entity1 undergoing pretherapeutic endoscopy, RCX and surgery. Perioperative morbidity was divided into surgery and non-surgery related morbidity. @entity1758 , @entity7 and @entity2280 expression were investigated immunohistochemically. Multivariate analysis was carried out to prove independence of investigated variables. RESULTS: Postoperative morbidity was noticed in 54 of 56 operated @entity1 . Eight of 56 @entity1 who received RCX died in hospital. Survival was significantly different between the group of complete responders (n=14) and non-responders (n=23; P=0.0026). None of the investigated @entity5 samples from @entity1 with a complete response (CR) had a proliferation index of less than 45. @entity5 samples from @entity1 with a CR showed a @entity7 expression of 10.7 compared with 36.58 of @entity5 with no response (P=0.035). @entity2280 expression showed a correlation with @entity7 expression. The relation of mean indices of @entity7 expression and proliferative activity in @entity5 from @entity1 with complete, partial or no response was 10.7:58.8, 18.3:53.8 and 36.6:43.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to these results, it may be expected that @entity5 with a @entity7 / @entity1758 ratio of 1:6 or less prior to RCX will respond to this therapy.

title: Predictive factors for response to neoadjuvant therapy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: Bone changes are common sequela of radiation therapy for @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to establish an experimental model of radiation-induced @entity604 in adult @entity19 using micro-computed tomography (  CT). The extent of changes following 2 Gy gamma irradiation (2 Gy/min) was studied at 4, 8, 12 or 16 weeks after exposure. Adult @entity19 that received 1, 2, 4 or 6 Gy of gamma-rays were examined 12 weeks after irradiation. Tibiae were analyzed using   CT. Serum markers and biomechanical properties were measured and the osteoclast surface was examined. A significant loss of trabecular bone in tibiae was evident 12 weeks after exposure. Measurements performed after irradiation showed a dose-related decrease in trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ), respectively. The best-fitting dose-response curves were linear-quadratic. Taking the controls into accounts, the lines of best fit were as follows: BV/TV (%)= -0.071D(2)-1.799D+18.835 (r (2)=0.968, D=dose in Gy) and @entity79 (mg/cm(3)) = -3.547D(2)-14.8D+359.07 (r (2)=0.986, D=dose in Gy). Grip strength and body weight did not differ among the groups. No dose-dependent differences were apparent among the groups with regard to mechanical and anatomical properties of tibia, serum biochemical markers and osteoclast activity. The findings provide the basis required for better understanding of the results that will be obtained in any further studies of radiation-induced bone responses.

title: Establishment of a @entity19 model for radiation-induced @entity604 using micro-computed tomography in adult C3H/HeN XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The present study was designed to assess the occurrence of @entity2553 following an experimental @entity510 model in @entity95 . Sixty-nine New Zealand albino @entity95 were used in this study. One milliliter of fresh arterial blood was injected through the surgically exposed atlanto-occipital membrane over a period of 20 seconds. The procedure was then repeated 24 hours later. Fifty animals underwent digital subtraction angiography at one of the following prefixed intervals: 1, 3, or 8 days after the second injection @entity548 . Nineteen animals underwent one angiographic examination prior to the instillation of the intracisternal blood. This procedure was followed by a repeated angiography 3 days after the second experimental @entity510 . For the purpose of evaluation, the films were magnified 10-fold and the diameter of the basilar artery as well as that of the extracranial vertebral artery at three different levels were measured. We assessed the diameter of the basilar artery as well as the mean ratio extracranial vertebral artery/basilar artery diameters. This ratio was considered to minimize anatomical and technical variabilities. The results in the first 50 animals showed a trend suggesting that spasmogenic activity reaches a peak at about the third day after @entity510 . These results were confirmed in the latter 19 animals. However, mortality in this group was high: 50%. This double-injection model of @entity510 in @entity95 consistently reproduced cerebral @entity2553 3 days after repeated @entity510 . However, its usefulness as an experimental model for @entity510 is limited practically by the high animal mortality in the protocols where repeated angiographic studies are necessary.

title: @entity2553 in a double-injection model in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vascular spasm', 'cerebral vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of power Doppler sonography compared with conventional color Doppler sonography and gray-scale sonography in diagnosing @entity1 with acute @entity2679 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy-six @entity1 with right upper @entity158 and 72 healthy volunteers underwent gray-scale sonography, conventional color Doppler sonography, and power Doppler sonography of the gallbladder. The vascularity of the gallbladder wall was scored on a scale of 0 to +3. Histology revealed acute @entity2679 in 55 @entity1 . Histologic specimens and clinical workups showed that the remaining 21 @entity1 suffered from other diseases. RESULTS: Sensitive sonographic features such as the positive Murphy's sign (in 96% of @entity1 with acute @entity2679 ), @entity1608 (95%), and a thickened gallbladder wall (73%) lacked specificity (71%, 38%, 67%, respectively) for diagnosing acute @entity2679 . In our study, the sensitivity of power Doppler sonography was 95% compared with 33% for color Doppler sonography in revealing a hypervascularized gallbladder wall. Power Doppler sonography revealed @entity450 within a nonthickened gallbladder wall in four @entity1 with surgically proven acute @entity2679 . Specificity of power Doppler sonography was 86% compared with 95% for conventional color Doppler sonography. False-positive results with power Doppler sonography were caused by @entity788 , duodenal @entity1066 , and @entity1086 . Interobserver variability seemed to play no significant role. No intramural hypervascularity was detected in the volunteer group. In four (4%) of 89 symptomatic @entity1 we could not use power Doppler sonography because of the @entity1 noncompliance. Mean values of the resistive index assessed within intramural vessels of the gallbladder showed no significant differences (p < .001) between @entity1 with acute @entity2679 (0.73) and @entity1 with other diseases (0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Although the sensitivity of power Doppler sonography in diagnosing acute @entity2679 was similar to that of gray-scale sonography, the specificity of power Doppler sonography was significantly higher, which may substantially improve diagnostic confidence. However, the high susceptibility of power Doppler sonography to motion artifacts makes appropriate adjustment of technical parameters much more relevant than with other sonographic imaging. The resistive index within intramural vessels has no clinical use in the diagnosis of acute @entity2679 .

title: Sonography of acute XXXX : comparison of color and power Doppler sonography in detecting a hypervascularized gallbladder wall.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ) is generated by myeloperoxidase, using @entity2865 and @entity273 as substrates. Here we demonstrate that @entity9785 alters metaphase-II @entity19 oocyte microtubules and chromosomal (CH) alignment which can be prevented by @entity2493 . Metaphase-II @entity19 oocytes, obtained commercially, were grouped as: control, @entity2493 (150, 200nmol/mL), @entity9785 (10, 20, 50, and 100nmol/mL), and @entity9785 (50nmol/mL) pretreated with 150 and 200 nmol/mL of @entity2493 . Microtubule and CH alignment was studied utilizing an indirect immunofluorescence technique and scored by two observers. Pearson chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare outcomes between controls and treated groups and also among each group. Poor scores for the spindle and chromosomes increased significantly at 50nmol/mL of @entity9785 (P<0.001). Oocytes treated with @entity2493 only at 150 and 200 nmol/mL showed no changes; significant differences (P<0.001) were observed when oocytes exposed to 50nmol/mL of @entity9785 were compared to oocytes pretreated with 200 nmol/mL @entity2493 . Fifty percent of the oocytes demonstrated good scores, both in microtubule and CH alterations, when pretreated with @entity2493 at 150 nmol/mL compared to 0% in the @entity9785 -only group. @entity9785 alters the metaphase-II @entity19 oocyte spindle and CH alignment in a dose-dependant manner, which might be a potential cause of poor oocyte quality (e.g., in @entity1 with @entity46 ). @entity2493 prevented the @entity9785 -mediated spindle and @entity16 , and therefore, may be an attractive therapeutic option to prevent @entity16 in @entity46 or inflammatory diseases where @entity9785 levels are known to be elevated.

title: @entity2493 prevents @entity9784 -induced alterations in microtubule and chromosomal structure in metaphase-II XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['Hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['oocyte damage', 'CH damage']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin', 'melatonin']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Three hundred two @entity1 with @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ) were treated from 1972 to 1990. One hundred eighteen were treated medically while 184 @entity1 required operation. Comparisons were made between two treatment periods, 1972 to 1982 (n = 176) and 1983 to 1990 (n = 126). @entity1 in the more recent era were of lower birth weight (1505 +/- 853 g versus 1645 +/- 836 g), earlier gestational age (30.4 +/- 4.7 weeks versus 32.4.5 weeks; [p less than 0.01]), had symptom onset at an older age (15.7 +/- 13.9 days versus 10.0 +/- 10.8 days; [p less than 0.001]), and a lower incidence of @entity8855 (p less than 0.001). Fewer @entity1 in the 1983 to 1990 group had @entity520 (p less than 0.001) and severe @entity1458 (p less than 0.001). Operation was performed sooner after diagnosis in the second group (2.6 versus 3.8 days; [p less than 0.001]). Survival was unaffected by sex, maternal complications, or whether @entity1 were inborn or transferred from other facilities. Improved survival (1983 to 1990) was observed in those @entity1 between 24 to 27 weeks gestation (p less than 0.002) and those weighing less than 1000 g (p less than 0.001). Since 1983 portal vein air ( @entity939 ) on abdominal radiographs was used as an indicator for operation. Survival in @entity1 with @entity939 has improved from 29% to 64% (p less than 0.02). Despite @entity1 being more immature and weighing less, the overall survival rate improved from 58% (1972 to 1982) to 82% (1983 to 1990) (p less than 0.001). Operative survival rate improved from 51% to 75% (p less than 0.002). Long-term survival was 75% overall and 65% for surgical @entity1 in the 1983 to 1990 group (p less than 0.05).

title: Changing trends in XXXX . Experience with 302 cases in two decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline membrane disease']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11530 , classified as an @entity23 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , is characterized by the recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in noticeable hair loss. The condition has a varied etiology. Specific @entity750 reuptake inhibitors are considered the treatment of choice; however some @entity1 fail to respond to this class of drugs. A few older reports suggest possible benefit from treatment with @entity752 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old Asian @entity1 with @entity905 non- responsive @entity11530 was treated with sustained release @entity752 (up to 450 mg/day) and cognitive behavior therapy. She demonstrated clinically significant improvement on the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scale by week 13. The improvement persisted throughout the 12-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The present case report may be of interest to psychiatrists and dermatologists. Apart from the serotonergic pathway, others, such as the mesolimbic pathway, also appear to be involved in the causation of @entity11530 . @entity752 may be considered as an alternative pharmacological treatment for @entity1 who do not respond to specific @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. However, this initial finding needs to be confirmed by well designed double-blind placebo controlled trials.

title: XXXX for the treatment of @entity905 non-responsive @entity11530 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulse control disorder']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity11530 :: ('MESH:D014256', 'Disease') :: ['Trichotillomania', 'trichotillomania']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupropion', 'bupropion']

answer: @entity752 :: (MESH:D016642,Chemical) :: ['Bupropion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The dose-effect relationships of cumulative @entity130 to the @entity308 and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) in a community study of Cambodian survivors of mass violence were evaluated. METHOD: In 1990, a survey of 1000 households was conducted in a Thai refugee camp (Site 2) using a multi-stage random sampling design. @entity130 history and @entity146 symptoms were assessed for two time periods. Analysis used linear dose-response regression modelling. RESULTS: 993 Cambodian adults reported a mean of 14 Pol Pot era @entity130 events and 1.3 @entity130 events during the past year. Symptom categories of @entity308 , @entity1005 , dissociative and culturally dependent symptoms exhibited strong dose-effect responses with the exception of avoidance. All symptom categories, except avoidant symptoms, were highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7184 continued to affect @entity146 symptom levels a decade after the original @entity130 events. The diagnostic validity of @entity1005 criteria, with the notable exception of avoidance, was supported. Inclusion of dissociative and culturally dependent symptoms increased the cultural sensitivity of @entity1005 .

title: Dose-effect relationships of @entity308 and XXXX among Cambodian survivors of mass violence.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric symptoms of major depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['Cumulative trauma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']


abstract: @entity7135 accounts for approximately 20% of cases of @entity4008 in Israel. During the period 1951-1990, the annual incidence of @entity7135 rarely exceeded two cases per 100,000 @entity1 and was generally higher among non-Jews (largely the Arab population) than among Jews; there were some notable peaks of disease activity during 1963-1967, 1975, and 1987-1988. The highest incidence was among @entity1 and young @entity1 , with a slight male predominance. The main period of disease activity was from January to April, but an unusual secondary peak in July coincided with the onset of peak summer temperatures. Monthly disease frequencies were significantly correlated with relative humidity. Incidence rates varied between regions and were lower in cities than in smaller settlements. Overall case-fatality rates decreased to approximately 11% for the period 1981-1990. Outbreaks were infrequent and tended to be small. Meningococci of serogroup B have dominated since the mid-1970s. Group A meningococci were isolated significantly more commonly from Arabs (26.26%) than from Jews (1.03%; P < .000001). The frequency with which group A organisms occurred among clinical isolates appeared to follow a more or less cyclical pattern.

title: Forty years of XXXX in Israel: 1951-1990.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['Meningococcal disease', 'meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['meningococcal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity6710 ( @entity29101 ) mediates in part both @entity63 -reperfusion and pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced @entity3697 . As oxidants like @entity29101 are known to activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we examined whether they play a role in the detrimental action of @entity29101 in isolated perfused @entity35 hearts. METHODS: Hearts were isolated from @entity35 and perfused retrogradely with Krebs-Henseleit buffer under constant flow. @entity6710 (30 and 80 microM) was infused into the hearts for 15 min. The release of MMPs into the coronary effluent and level of MMPs in the myocardium were measured by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: The main gelatinolytic activity in control effluent was 72-kDa corresponding to pro- @entity11017 . Infusion of @entity29101 (80 microM) for 15 min caused a vasodilatation which peaked at 5 min and then converted into vasoconstriction by 15 min. It also caused a rapid increase in the release of 72-kDa activity within 10 min and a progressive decline in cardiac mechanical function. In contrast, decomposed @entity29101 caused no change in vascular tone, the release of 72-kDa activity or mechanical function. The MMPs inhibitor @entity36668 prevented the @entity29101 -induced loss in myocardial mechanical function. Detoxification of @entity29101 with @entity2041 prevented both the enhancement in coronary effluent 72-kDa activity and the decline in mechanical function. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity1370 induced by @entity29101 is mediated by @entity11017 .

title: @entity6710 -induced myocardial injury is mediated through XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['Peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the heart']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity11017 :: (81686(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']