abstract: BACKGROUND: Early surgical results after emergency repairs for the most frequent @entity4037 ( @entity19138 , umbilical, and incisional) are not well described. Thus, the aim of present study was to investigate early results and risk factors for poor 30-day outcome after emergency versus elective repair for @entity4037 . METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing @entity19138 , umbilical, or incisional @entity547 repair registered in the Danish @entity547 Database during the period 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2010 were included in the prospective study. Follow-up was obtained through administrative data from the Danish National @entity1 Register. RESULTS: In total, 10,041 elective and 935 emergency repairs were included. The risk for 30-day mortality, reoperation, and readmission was significantly higher (by a factor 2-15) after emergency repairs than after elective repairs (p  <= 0.003). In addition, there were significantly more @entity1 with concomitant bowel resection after emergency repairs than after elective repairs (p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for emergency umbilical/ @entity547 repair were female gender, older age, @entity154 >2-7 cm, and repair for a primary @entity547 ( @entity547 ) (all p < 0.05). Independent risk factors for emergency incisional @entity547 repair were female gender, increasing age, and @entity154  <=7 cm (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency umbilical/ @entity19138 or incisional @entity547 repair was beset with up to 15-fold higher mortality, reoperation, and readmission rates than elective repair. Older age, female gender, and umbilical @entity154 between 2 and 7 cm or incisional @entity154 up to 7 cm were important risk factors for emergency repair.

title: Outcomes after emergency versus elective XXXX repair: a prospective nationwide study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hernia defects']

entities_list: @entity19138 :: ('MESH:C537170', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['vs recurrent hernia', 'Hernia', 'hernia', 'epigastric hernia']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the association of @entity49845 @entity49846 polymorphism with susceptibility and progression of @entity8 in Chinese population. METHODS: 435 @entity8 @entity1 and their family members were recruited for a family-based association study. Genotypes of @entity49845 @entity49846 were determined by direct sequencing. The results were analyzed by transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and haplotype relative risk (HRR). Clinical data and histological scores of renal lesions were compared between @entity1 with different genotypes. According to disease stability, @entity8 @entity1 were divided into progressive group and stable group. The distribution of genotype frequencies were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: TDT revealed that @entity49845 23167G alleles were transmitted more frequently from heterozygous parents to @entity1 than expected (classical TDT: chi2 = 5.435, p = 0.020, extended TDT: chi2 = 5.017, p = 0.025). HRR analyses showed significant differences between transmitted and nontransmitted allele frequencies (chi2 = 7.006, p = 0.008, HRR = 1.762). The scores of glomerular index and @entity8 index were higher in GG genotype @entity1 than those in other genotypes (F = 4.570, p = 0.033, F = 4.324, p = 0.038, respectively). The distribution frequency of GG genotype in the progressive group was higher than that of the stable group (chi2 = 4.370, p = 0.037). No statistical difference was found in tubulo-interstitial index, vascular index and clinical characteristics between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of @entity49845 @entity49846 is associated with susceptibility and progression of @entity8 in Chinese population. GG genotype is associated with severe histological lesions and progression of the disease.

title: A family-based association study of @entity49845 XXXX polymorphism with susceptibility and progression of @entity8 in a Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'glomerular sclerosis']

answer: @entity49846 :: (c|SUB|A|23167|G,DNAMutation) :: ['A23167G']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Palliation of @entity5 is an important clinical problem. Expandable metal stents are a major advance in therapy, but many stents become obstructed because of @entity5 ingrowth. The aim of this study was to compare a new, membrane-covered expandable metal stent to conventional prostheses in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 with malignant inoperable @entity2910 at the gastroesophageal junction participated in the study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to covered or uncovered stents. The principal outcome measure was the need for reintervention because of recurrent @entity1282 or @entity4222 . Secondary endpoints were relief of @entity1282 measured by a @entity1282 score (grade 0 = no @entity1282 , grade 1 = able to eat solid food, grade 2 = semisolids only, grade 3 = liquids only, grade 4 = complete @entity1282 ) and the rate of complications and functional status. All @entity1 were observed at monthly intervals until @entity204 or for 6 months. RESULTS: One week after stenting the @entity1282 score improved significantly in both the uncovered (n = 32, 3 +/- 0.1 to 1 +/- 0.1 [means +/- SEMs], p < 0.001) and covered (n = 30, 3 +/- 0.1 to 1 +/- 0.2 [means +/- SEMs], p < 0.001) stents. Obstructing @entity5 ingrowth was significantly more likely in the uncovered stent group (9/30) than in the covered group (1/32) (p = 0.005). Significant stent @entity4222 occurred in 2/30 @entity1 with uncovered stents, as compared with 4/32 @entity1 in the covered group (p = 0.44). Reinterventions for @entity5 ingrowth were significantly greater in the uncovered stent group (27%), as compared with 0% in the covered group (p = 0.002). Life table analysis showed similar survival in both groups. CONCLUSION: Membrane-covered stents have significantly better palliation than conventional bare metal stents because of decreased rates of @entity5 ingrowth that necessitate endoscopic reintervention for @entity1282 .

title: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of covered expandable metal stents in the palliation of XXXX at the gastroesophageal junction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant esophageal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant esophageal obstruction']


abstract: AIM: To define a predictive model for clinical behaviour of @entity0 (PT) using histological parameters and surgical margin status. METHODS: Cases of breast PT diagnosed in the Department of Pathology Singapore General Hospital between January 1992 and December 2010 were stratified into benign, borderline and malignant grades based on a combination of histological parameters ( @entity3985 , hypercellularity, mitoses, overgrowth and nature of @entity5 borders). Surgical margin status was assessed. Clinical follow-up and biostatistical modelling were accomplished. RESULTS: Of 605 PT, 440 (72.7%) were benign, 111 (18.4%) borderline and 54 (8.9%) malignant. Recurrences, which were predominantly local, were documented in 80 (13.2%) @entity1 . Deaths from PT occurred in 12 (2%) @entity1 . Multivariate analysis revealed @entity3985 , overgrowth and surgical margins to be independently predictive of clinical behaviour, with mitoses achieving near significance. @entity3985 and @entity5 borders were not independently useful. A nomogram developed based on atypia, mitoses, overgrowth and surgical margins (AMOS criteria) could predict recurrence-free survival at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years. This nomogram was superior to a total histological score derived from adding values assigned to each of five histological parameters. CONCLUSION: A predictive nomogram based on three histological criteria and surgical margin status can be used to calculate recurrence-free survival of an individual @entity1 diagnosed with PT. This can be applied for @entity1 counselling and clinical management.

title: Predicting clinical behaviour of XXXX : a nomogram based on histological criteria and surgical margins.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['Stromal hypercellularity', 'stromal atypia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast phyllodes tumours']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast phyllodes tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity461 ( @entity461 ) has an adverse effect on the immune system and may cause @entity1200 in @entity1 with @entity177 . The in vivo effects of a parathyroidectomy on the immunologic parameters was examined. METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 under dialysis therapy received a parathyroidectomy (PTx) for @entity3528 ( @entity2742 ). They were prospectively studied regarding serum immunoglobulins, complements, CD markers, and serum soluble @entity3647 (sIL-2R) until 12 months after PTx. RESULTS: The serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM showed significant increase until 12 months after PTx (P<0.001, respectively). C3, C4, and CH50 also indicated significant increase at 12 months after PTx. In cellular immunity, only serum sIL-2R showed significant increase 2 weeks after PTx (P = 0.028). The hematocrit and serum albumin also improved significantly at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: PTx showed beneficial effects on humoral immunological markers. The effects are probably due to the remarkable @entity461 reduction and partly improved nutritional state after PTx.

title: Effects of a parathyroidectomy on the immune system and nutritional condition in chronic dialysis @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical electrophysiology has focused the attention on the electrophysiological properties of the atrial muscle in @entity1 with @entity955 : shortened and inhomogeneous refractoriness and local and regional conduction slowing, as well as prolonged intra- and interatrial conduction disturbances, are well described as electrophysiological parameters associated with the genesis of @entity955 . @entity1 with @entity1817 are variously included in these studies, but electrophysiological characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1817 alone appear less investigated, even if @entity955 is part of its natural history. The aim of the present study was to define the electrophysiological characteristics of @entity1817 @entity1 with or without @entity955 , compared to subjects without @entity955 . METHODS: We reviewed the electrophysiological data of 39 @entity1 with @entity1817 (mean age 70 +/- 8 years), who underwent an electrophysiological study in sinus rhythm for the evaluation of the atrial substrate. In 12 @entity1 an associated history of @entity955 was documented. Twenty-seven @entity1 were included in the study with a diagnosis of @entity1817 alone. We also considered as control group 25 subjects (mean age 63 +/- 14 years), referred to our electrophysiological laboratory for unexplained @entity1163 or @entity132 . Following pharmacological wash-out and at a drive cycle of 600 ms, effective and functional refractory periods, S1-A1 and S2-A2 latency, A1 and A2 width, and the latent vulnerability index (effective refractory period/A2), were measured. In addition, the P-wave duration during spontaneous sinus rhythm on the surface ECG in D II/V1 leads was measured. RESULTS: Between @entity1817 @entity1 with or without @entity955 , no significant statistical differences in electrophysiological parameters were found. When compared to the control group, @entity1817 @entity1 did not show any differences in effective refractory period (239 +/- 34 vs 250 +/- 29 ms), functional refractory period (276 +/- 28 vs 280 +/- 32 ms), S1-A1 (38 +/- 16 vs 33 +/- 11 ms), and S2-A2 latency (68 +/- 25 vs 63 +/- 25 ms). In contrast, we observed remarkable differences in terms of atriogram duration A1 (60 +/- 20 vs 39 +/- 13 ms, p < 0.001), A2 (95 +/- 34 vs 57 +/- 18 ms, p < 0.001), and effective refractory period/A2 (2.8 +/- 1.2 vs 4.8 +/- 1.7 cm, p < 0.001). Also the duration of the P wave was longer (103 +/- 17 vs 94 +/- 45 ms, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1817 @entity1 with or without @entity955 , electrophysiological characteristics appear homogeneous. When compared to the control group, refractoriness was quite similar. In contrast, the most important abnormalities appear based on conduction slowing disturbances, responsible for a low latent vulnerability index. This could explain, at least in part, the @entity1817 to develop @entity955 as a part of its natural history. At present, the influence of an altered electrophysiological substrate on pharmacological or pacing therapy in @entity1 with @entity1817 is not yet known.

title: @entity1817 with and without XXXX : atrial refractoriness and conduction characteristics.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome', 'tendency of sick sinus syndrome', 'sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation and sick sinus syndrome', 'atrial fibrillation', 'paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and endometrial safety of two @entity2691 /dienogest combinations with Kliogest in the treatment of @entity1109 . DESIGN: This was a double-blind, randomized, multicenter study. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to @entity2691 2.0 mg/ @entity18725 2.0 mg ( @entity50163 ), @entity2691 2.0 mg/dienogest 3.0 mg (E2Val 2/DNG 3); or @entity53 2.0 mg/ @entity11111 1.0 mg/ @entity5709 1.0 mg (Kliogest) once daily for 1 year. The primary efficacy variable was the Kupperman index. Endometrial safety was determined primarily by biopsy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: @entity50163 and E2Val 2/DNG 3 were therapeutically equivalent to Kliogest (mean changes in Kupperman index -20.1, -19.0 and -18.3, respectively). No statistically significant differences existed between treatment groups in the severity of @entity1109 . The incidences of @entity1478 were similar in all groups. @entity50163 appeared to be superior to Kliogest in terms of @entity3556 pattern, whereas E2Val 2/DNG 3 was associated with a slightly higher incidence and greater intensity of @entity3556 . The incidences of adverse events were similar in all groups. A greater proportion of @entity1 in the Kliogest and E2Val 2/DNG 3 groups experienced @entity3556 , whereas breast problems were more common with @entity50163 . @entity50163 and E2Val 2/DNG 3 induced desirable changes in insulin-like growth factor I (decrease) and sex hormone binding globulin (increase) that were not seen with Kliogest.

title: Comparison of the efficacy and endometrial safety of two @entity2691 /dienogest combinations and Kliogest for continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity50163 :: ('MESH:C473825', 'Chemical') :: ['Climodien']

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol valerate']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity18725 :: ('MESH:C023635', 'Chemical') :: ['dienogest']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity5709 :: ('MESH:C024262', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial atrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity281 require several weeks of antibiotic therapy, but little is known about the epidemiology of adverse events (AE) including symptomatic @entity2718 -associated @entity294 during treatment in these @entity1 . METHODS: Cohort study (1996-2011) at a tertiary hospital non-endemic for clostridial ribotype O27. @entity1 with previous @entity2718 episodes and @entity868 treatment were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 393 episodes were identified. Median age of @entity1 was 69 years; 122 were immune-suppressed. All patients received antibiotic treatment for a median of 8 weeks, including 2 weeks intravenously (range, 0-9 weeks). Oral @entity1215 (600 mg/d) was used in combination in 167 (42%) episodes. A relatively small number of episodes (115/393; 29%) were complicated by AE ( @entity294 , @entity390 , @entity1448 , gastric intolerance to @entity1215 , @entity1910 , and @entity3217 ), of which 41 (36%) led to treatment modification. AE occurred mainly after a median of 21 days. Fourteen @entity1 (14/393; 3.6%) developed symptomatic @entity2718 @entity294 . By multivariate Cox regression analysis, total duration of antibiotic therapy, and intravenous administration were significantly associated with AE (all p < 0.01). Regarding symptomatic @entity2718 infection, @entity1215 (hazard ratio 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.97) protected from @entity294 , but not gender or age. Hospital stay was significantly longer among @entity1 with AE than @entity1 without (median 78 vs. 42 d; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: AE were frequent and were observed in 29% of @entity1 treated for @entity281 and prolonged the hospital stay. In contrast, @entity294 due to @entity2718 was rare, while oral @entity1215 might act protectively against it.

title: Epidemiology of adverse events and @entity2718 -associated XXXX during long-term antibiotic therapy for @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular infections', 'Osteoarticular infections']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report recent experience of @entity1 with complete @entity474 and @entity215 , with emphasis on anatomical features, diagnosis, and management. DESIGN: Case notes were reviewed and @entity1 were assessed at follow up by clinical examination and cross sectional and Doppler echocardiography. SETTING: Tertiary cardiothoracic referral centre. @entity1 : Between 1987 and 1992 13 @entity1 with @entity474 and @entity215 (12 with concordant and one with double outlet @entity2597 ) underwent surgery; 10 underwent complete intracardiac repair. 11 @entity1 had @entity1467 . The complete diagnosis was established preoperatively by cross sectional echocardiography in all but one @entity1 . A tri-leaflet left atrioventricular valve as seen in parasternal short axis views was the diagnostic feature of @entity474 , with @entity215 diagnosed from the presence of anterocephalad deviation of the outlet septum producing @entity849 as seen in subcostal right anterior oblique views. INTERVENTIONS: Total correction consisted of closure of the @entity474 by a combined right atrial and ventricular approach, reconstruction of the @entity340 , and relief of the obstruction within the right ventricular outflow tract. Separate patches were used to close the atrial and @entity1757 . Modified Blalock-Taussig shunts were performed in three @entity1 , who await intracardiac repair. Surgical correction was carried out at mean (range) age of 5 (2 to 15) years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnostic methods, surgical results, and functional state after complete correction. RESULTS: The presence of an @entity474 was missed preoperatively in one @entity1 with @entity215 . The characteristic goose @entity85 on the left ventriculogram was not present and the tri-leaflet nature of the left atrioventricular valve was not sought on echocardiography. Of the 10 @entity1 who underwent complete repair, nine are alive and one died 34 days after operation with adult @entity649 . Examination at necropsy showed an excellent surgical correction. Mean (range) follow up was 23 (8 to 48) months. All nine @entity1 are alive and well (New York Heart Association Class 1). CONCLUSION: Accurate diagnosis and staged management with improved surgical techniques have lowered mortality of this complex combination of @entity299 . The current policy of this group is to recommend a systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt procedure for symptomatic @entity1 younger than 2 years and total correction in older @entity1 .

title: Complete @entity474 with XXXX : diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculoarterial connections']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['subvalvar pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['neck deformity']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valves']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in @entity30615 ( @entity30615 ), a gene implicated in @entity32 and @entity263 risk, and outcomes after radiation therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We followed @entity1 in the prospective US Health Professionals Follow-Up Study treated with radiation therapy for @entity5 . Three SNPs were genotyped based on previously determined functional and biological significance. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to assess per-allele associations with the primary outcome defined as time to a composite endpoint including development of @entity263 or biochemical recurrence. RESULTS: We followed 434 @entity1 treated with radiation therapy for a median of 9 years. On multivariate analysis, the @entity50467 variant allele was associated with significantly decreased risk of the composite endpoint [HR: 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-0.94%; P = 0.02] driven by decreased biochemical recurrence (HR: 0.60; 95% CI, 0.40-0.89%; P = 0.01) and @entity1 treated with external beam (HR: 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.93%; P = 0.02). In contrast, in 516 @entity1 from the same cohort treated with radical prostatectomy, we found no significant impact of this variant on outcome. Furthermore, the @entity50467 variant allele significantly modified the association between @entity342 deprivation therapy and outcomes after radiation therapy (p-interaction = 0.02). CONCLUSION: We show an association between @entity30615 SNP @entity50467 and outcome after radiation therapy for @entity263 . This SNP is associated with increased circulating @entity1851 and @entity650 , suggesting a potential role for @entity32 in the response to radiation. If validated, genetic predictors of outcome may help @entity263 management.

title: A single nucleotide polymorphism in inflammatory gene @entity30615 predicts outcome after radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['inform prostate cancer', 'lethal prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity30615 :: ('6041', 'Gene') :: ['RNASEL', 'Ribonuclease L']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 treatments are believed to be prevalent. However, reliable prevalence rates do not exist. The aim of this review was to summarize the existing data on this topic. METHODS: A series of computerized literature searches was performed to locate all published studies documenting the prevalence of complementary and/or alternative therapy (CAM) use among @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 26 surveys from 13 countries, including 4 studies of pediatric @entity1 , was retrieved. The use of CAM therapies in adult populations ranged from 7-64%. The average prevalence across all adult studies was 31.4%. CONCLUSIONS: This large degree of variability most likely is due to different understandings of "complementary/alternative medicine" on the part of both investigators and @entity1 . It is likely that the results of the current study reflect the primarily adjunctive use of CAM treatments. Future studies should use a standardized protocol to determine the true prevalence of these therapies more closely.

title: The prevalence of complementary/alternative medicine in XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Complementary/alternative cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massive soft tissue loss involving the pelvis and extremities from @entity130 , @entity5 remains a challenging and debilitating problem. Although vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) technology is effective in the management of soft tissue loss, the adjunct of a @entity575 dressing in the setting of massive wounds has not been as well tested. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: Does a @entity575 negative pressure dressing used in conjunction with a wound VAC decrease (1) the length of acute hospital stay and overall length of treatment; (2) the number of surgical d  bridements the @entity1 underwent as part of their care; and (3) the likelihood of wound closure without soft tissue transposition? METHODS: We evaluated 42 @entity1 with massive (> 200 cm(2)) @entity530 from @entity130 , @entity281 , or @entity5 who were treated with the wound VAC with or without a @entity575 negative pressure dressing between January 2003 and January 2010; the first 26 @entity1 were treated with the wound VAC alone, and in the final 16 consecutively treated @entity1 , the @entity575 dressing was added to the regimen. We reviewed medical records to determine length of treatment as well as the number and type of surgical interventions these @entity1 underwent. We compared the group treated with the wound VAC alone with those @entity1 treated with the wound VAC and @entity575 negative pressure dressing. RESULTS: Hospital stay averaged 19 days in the VAC only group and 7.5 days in the VAC with @entity575 dressing group (p < 0.041), length of overall treatment averaged 33 days in the VAC only group and 14.3 days in the VAC with @entity575 dressing group (p < 0.022), number of operative d  bridements averaged 7.9 in the VAC alone group and 4.1 in the VAC with @entity575 dressing group (p < 0.001), and success of wound closure without soft tissue transposition was 16 of 26 @entity1 in the VAC alone group and three of 16 @entity1 in the VAC with @entity575 dressing group (p < 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the reduced length of care and the number of surgical procedures these @entity1 with massive wounds of the pelvis and extremities underwent, we now use the @entity575 negative pressure dressing in combination with the wound VAC as part of routine care of such @entity1 . These results may be used as hypothesis-generating data for future randomized studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX negative pressure dressing with vacuum-assisted closure of massive @entity530 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'infections, and tumors']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic and extremity wounds']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['Silver']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laser skin resurfacing is used to treat photodamaged skin, rhytids, and acne scarring. Many @entity1 are placed on antibiotics and antivirals pre- and postoperatively. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prophylactic @entity2380 increased the rate of reepithelialization in @entity1 undergoing full-face @entity515 laser skin resurfacing. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one @entity1 underwent full-face @entity515 laser skin resurfacing with the Coherent Ultrapulse 5000C. At least two passes of 300 mJ, density 5, were used except periocularly. Study group I consisted of 48 consecutive @entity1 who received either @entity7265 or @entity2177 for 7 days postoperatively. Study group II consisted of 43 @entity1 who received 300 mg of @entity2380 on postoperative days 3-8, in addition to @entity2177 . Both groups received @entity1033 400 mg t.i.d. pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: Time to complete reepithelialization was compared between the groups by t-test. Group II reepithelialized significantly faster than group I (7.65 +/- 1.20 days vs. 10.27 +/- 2.94 days; P < 0.0001). Ninety-five percent of @entity1 receiving @entity2380 (group II) healed completely by day 9 versus only 53% of @entity1 in group I. CONCLUSION: @entity2380 administered postoperatively between days 3 and 8 significantly promotes reepithelialization in @entity1 undergoing full-face @entity515 laser skin resurfacing.

title: Prophylactic XXXX promotes reepithelialization in full-face carbon dioxide laser skin resurfacing.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity7265 :: ('MESH:D002506', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalexin']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: We report a case of " @entity134 and immunosuppressant-resistant" @entity6558 that was successfully treated with immunoadsorption. A 46-year-old @entity1 was admitted to Shinshu University Hospital on June 2, 1989, with the chief complaint of @entity425 and @entity158 . He had a 1.5-year history of frequent episodes of @entity2407 . Five months before presentation, he noticed @entity425 and @entity158 in the proximal muscles of his extremities. One month after the onset of these symptoms, his body temperature increased to 38 degrees C and remained elevated until the following month. He subsequently entered a local hospital. He was found to have diminished strength in all limbs that was more marked in the proximal areas. The @entity425 and @entity158 progressed until the @entity1 was no longer able to walk. Muscle biopsy of the left quadriceps femoris showed mononuclear cell infiltration in the endomyosium that was accompanied by phagocytosis and @entity82 . Based on these findings, a diagnosis of @entity6558 was made. During hospitalization, the weakness continued to worsen despite pulse therapy with @entity1667 1000 mg per day for 3 days and the administration of @entity617 100 mg and @entity500 100 mg per day. The @entity1 was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment. On physical examination, he demonstrated hair loss, soft palate aphthae, tonsillar injection, and cervical @entity3329 . Neurological examination revealed generalized weakness; the @entity1 was barely able to move all of his limbs. All of the muscles in his extremities were swollen and hard, and he felt @entity158 when they were grasped. Deep tendon reflexes were diffusely hypoactive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Successful treatment of " XXXX -immunosuppressant resistant" @entity6558 with immunoadsorption].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF STUDY: @entity6 needing Argon Laser Photocoagulation requires multiple sessions of treatment and follow-up. It is not uncommon for @entity1 to default laser treatment for various social, economic or medical reasons. This paper aims to examine the common reasons for defaulting and to evaluate the effectiveness of a "no-show" compliance programme in reducing the rate of defaultment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A "no-show" defaulters' compliance programme was introduced in July 1994. It was designed to recall defaulters for counselling and further laser treatment. We examined retrospectively a group of 1377 @entity1 scheduled for Argon Laser Photocoagulation treatment at the Singapore National Eye Centre in the period July-December 1994 and compared it to another group of 1332 @entity1 scheduled in the corresponding period in 1995 to assess the effectiveness of this programme. The common reasons for defaulting for the two periods were also reviewed and compared. RESULTS: The results were analysed using the Chi-square test and there was a significant decrease in the default rate in 1995; p < 0.01. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the "no-show" programme significantly decreased the number of defaulters over the period under study. In time, this will result in a decrease in @entity6 .

title: A study of defaulters of treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic blindness', 'Diabetic retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: This study was conducted to assess the psychological characteristics of, and determine the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral (CB) treatment for, @entity1 with @entity8511 ( @entity8511 ). The baseline characteristics of 24 female @entity1 (age 69.7    5.9 years) and an identical number of healthy female control subjects (age 69.2    5.5 years) were compared. The @entity1 group had significantly higher @entity148 scores (P < 0.05) at baseline. A brief group CB intervention was delivered in a small-group format. Two sessions were planned 6 months apart. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to assess @entity158 intensity. @entity148 was evaluated using a state and trait @entity148 inventories. Present @entity158 intensity decreased after both the first and second sessions. The session effect was significant (P = 0.02), but no repeat effect was found (P = 0.19). The state @entity148 inventory score also decreased after the second session. The session effect was significant (P < 0.01), as was the repeat effect (P < 0.01). The trait @entity148 inventory score decreased after the second session, and the session effect was significant (P = 0.013), but the repeat effect was not (P = 0.93). The results suggest that a brief group CB intervention reduces @entity158 intensity and @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity8511 .

title: Group cognitive-behavioral intervention for XXXX with @entity8511 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8511 :: ('MESH:D002054', 'Disease') :: ['BMS', 'burning mouth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mapracorat is a nonsteroidal Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist (SEGRA) that is presumed to have a better therapeutic index compared to classical glucocorticoids. OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of mapracorat with classical glucocorticoids used for the treatment of allergic @entity272 in @entity235 . ANIMALS: Six laboratory beagles. METHODS: The effect of mapracorat on lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity19208 secretion from @entity235 peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells (PBMC) was tested. In vivo, mapracorat was compared to @entity2995 using a @entity32 model. Skin fold thickness was determined after daily administration of mapracorat and @entity2995 over 14 days. RESULTS: Mapracorat concentration dependently inhibited @entity19208 secretion from activated @entity235 PBMC with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) value of approximately 0.2 nmol/L. Intradermal injection of compound 48/80 (50  g in 50  L saline) resulted in a clear wheal and flare reaction over the 60 min observation period. Topical pre-treatment with @entity46273 (0.1%) and @entity2995 (0.015%) led to significant reduction in the wheal and flare responses compared to vehicle ( @entity1324 ) treated areas. However, once daily topical administration of @entity2995 significantly reduced skin fold thickness from day 8 to 14, whereas no such reduction was observed for mapracorat. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that mapracorat has comparable anti-inflammatory efficacy to classical steroidal glucocorticoids under these experimental settings and maintenance of skin fold thickness indicates a better safety profile compared to @entity2995 at equipotent concentrations. This profile further suggests that SEGRAs show promise in the management of inflammatory and pruritic @entity272 in @entity235 .

title: The selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist mapracorat displays a favourable safety-efficacy ratio for the topical treatment of inflammatory @entity272 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity46273 :: ('MESH:C546413', 'Chemical') :: ['mapracorat']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) accounts for majority of @entity96 and is the leading cause of @entity5 related @entity204 in Asia. Like any other @entity5 , @entity157 develops when there is a mutation to the cellular machinery that causes the cell to replicate at a higher rate and results in the loss of apoptosis. Therefore, a delicate balance between the expression of various genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis decide the ultimate fate of the cell to undergo rapid proliferation ( @entity5 ) or cell @entity204 . RESULTS: The @entity47137 based compounds exhibited effective cytotoxicity at 4  M concentration and have shown G1 cell cycle arrest with decrease in levels of G1 cell cycle proteins such as @entity4910 and @entity20127 . Involvement of @entity5 suppressor proteins such as @entity983 and @entity876 was studied. Interestingly these compounds displayed decrease in the phosphorylated forms of AKT, p38 MAPK and @entity1366 which play a vital role in cell proliferation. Compounds have exhibited strong and significant effect on the expression of micro RNAs such as miR-195a _ @entity49895 which regulate hepatic cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The cell cycle arrest and apoptotic inducing nature of these compounds was revealed by FACS, @entity1603 cell proliferation and tunel assays. Compounds affected both @entity5 suppressor proteins as well as proteins that are involved in active cell proliferation. Micro RNAs whose target is @entity4910 such as miR-195a and @entity49895 that is required for growth of @entity157 cells was drastically affected. These compounds caused apoptosis by activating @entity522 and @entity9190 .

title: Effect of @entity47137 based conjugates in causing apoptosis by Regulating @entity876 , @entity983 and MAP Kinase proteins affecting miR-195a and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity47137 :: ('MESH:C005465', 'Chemical') :: ['benzothiazole']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatoma']

answer: @entity49895 :: (406893,Gene) :: ['miR-101-1']


abstract: The controversy concerning the justification for @entity263 screening is now about ten years old. It is the consequence of several convergent phenomena: the routine use of new diagnostic tools such as @entity1486 , ageing of Western populations, increased life expectancy and finally public health economic aspects. Is screening justified before the age of 50 years? The answer is no, except in high-risk families with several cases of @entity263 , in which screening should be started at the age of 40 years. Is screening justified after the age of 70 years? The answer is no, except in @entity1 between 70 and 75 years whose general state and physiological age suggest that they have a life expectancy exceeding ten years. Is screening justified between 50 and 70 years? There is no global "medico-economic" answer to this question, as medical truth, i.e. the individual's interests, appears to be diametrically opposed to economic truth, i.e. the community's interests, due to the high cost of screening. How can screening be envisaged for the future? In families with no particular risk, screening should be clinical, but will probably start earlier and will continue later, because of the improvement of diagnostic tools and prolongation of life expectancy. In high-risk families, the development of genetic tests will be able to determine whether or not a @entity1 has inherited predisposition genes. If he has inherited these genes, he will then be submitted to particularly early, meticulous and repeated screening.

title: [Should we screen for XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The basement membrane protein, @entity46951 , was previously shown to consist of three globular domains, G1 to G3, and two connecting segments. @entity46951 is a major mediator in the formation of ternary complexes with laminins, collagen IV, perlecan and fibulins. In the present study, we have produced recombinant proteins of these predicted domains in @entity1 cells and used these proteins for crystallographic and binding epitope analyses. These fragments included G1, G2, the rod domain and a slightly larger G3 structure; all were obtained in good yields and were shown to be properly folded using electron microscopy. Surface plasmon resonance assays demonstrated high affinity binding (Kd = 3-9 nM) of domain G2 for collagen IV, perlecan domain IV-1 and @entity46952 , and a more moderate Kd for fibulin-1C. Domain G3 contained high affinity binding sites for the laminin gamma1 chain and collagen IV (Kd = 1 nM) and weaker binding sites for fibulin-1C and @entity46952 . A moderate binding affinity was also observed between domain G1 and @entity46952 , while no activity could be detected for the nidogen rod domain. Together, these data indicate the potential of @entity46951 for multiple interactions within basement membranes. A similar binding repertoire was also identified for seven rat monoclonal antibodies that bound with Kd = 2-30 nM to either G1, G1-G2, G2, the rod domain or G3. Three of the antibodies showed strongly reduced binding to G2 and G3 after complex formation with either a perlecan domain or laminin-1.

title: Recombinant domains of mouse XXXX and their binding to basement membrane proteins and monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity46951 :: (18073(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['nidogen-1']


abstract: In @entity35 pituitary somatotrophs, the stimulation of @entity11249 secretion by @entity11523 ( @entity11523 ) is a @entity141 -dependent event involving @entity141 influx. The presence of @entity460 -induced @entity460 release (CICR) @entity141 stores has been suggested in these cells. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the presence of CICR stores in @entity35 somatotrophs and to determine their function in @entity11523 @entity141 signalling. To this end we measured cytosolic free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i), using indo-1 in purified @entity35 somatotrophs in primary culture, while altering intracellular @entity141 stores. @entity1360 (10 ttM) or @entity29509 (10 ItM), used to mobilise organelle-bound @entity141 , raised [ @entity141 ]i in the absence of extracellular @entity141 . @entity5834 (5 to 50 mM), used to mobilise @entity141 from CICR stores, transiently raised [ @entity141 ]i in 65% of cells tested. The response to 40 mM @entity5834 was abolished when @entity141 stores were depleted, with 1 microM @entity2426 or with 10 microM @entity8452 . All cells that responded to 40 mM @entity5834 responded to 10 nM @entity11523 . The [ @entity141 ]i response to 10 nM @entity11523 was reversible and repeatable. However, the second response was 38% smaller than the first. @entity8452 treatment abolished the reduction in the second [ @entity141 ]i response, while @entity2426 increased the reduction by 67%. We conclude that @entity35 somatotrophs possess CICR @entity141 stores and that they account for 30-35% of the @entity11523 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ]i, and that their partial depletion is involved in somatotroph desensitization.

title: Intracellular XXXX stores are involved in @entity11523 signal transduction in @entity35 somatotrophs.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine', 'Ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity11523 :: ('29446(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GHRH', 'growth hormone-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['Ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop and validate a technique based on characteristics of real lesions for simulating realistic small @entity409 on pediatric computed tomographic (CT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board provided exempt status for this study, determined that it was not subject to HIPAA compliance, and did not require informed consent. @entity1 identification information was removed from clinical images from contrast material-enhanced multi-detector row CT examinations performed in 10 @entity1 . @entity1 were @entity1 or @entity1 up to 18 years old. Information about sex was not available. @entity1 had one or more @entity409 of 2-6 mm in maximum transverse diameter. Images with more than one lesion were rendered multiple times, and each time, all but one of the lesions were digitally removed in sequence. This process provided images (n = 19) with a single real lesion. For consistency, the same image backgrounds (images with all real lesions removed) were used to create an identical number of images (n = 19), each with a single simulated lesion. Subsequently, three radiologists independently assessed images of real and simulated lesions that were presented in random order with a score on a continuous scale of 0 (definitely simulated) to 100 (definitely real). Mixed-model analysis of variance was used to test the null hypothesis that the difference in population mean scores between the two lesion types was zero. RESULTS: The observer study did not reveal a significant difference in the ability of any radiologist to discriminate between real and simulated lesions (P > .31). The differences in mean scores for discrimination between real and simulated lesions for the three observers were -6, 9, and -7, respectively. The estimated overall difference was -1. CONCLUSION: Mathematic simulation of @entity409 is a feasible technique for creating realistic lesions for image quality or dose reduction studies in pediatric CT.

title: Simulation of XXXX for pediatric CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Children', 'infants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report severe @entity4816 causing @entity227 in three @entity1 with the common @entity465 . METHOD: Case report. Three @entity1 with common @entity465 developed @entity227 secondary to @entity4816 . Fluorescein angiography was performed in all three @entity1 . Peribulbar injections were given in one @entity1 , and two @entity1 were treated with oral @entity230 and @entity205 . RESULTS: All three @entity1 were young and had classic common @entity465 . @entity4816 and @entity1829 were present in all three @entity1 , and two @entity1 had @entity2479 in the absence of @entity63 . No evidence of @entity5517 was present, and none was detected systematically. Visual acuity decreased in five of the six eyes and was responsive to treatment in only one @entity1 (both eyes). CONCLUSION: @entity4816 may be another autoimmune manifestation of common @entity465 .

title: XXXX occurring with common @entity465 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular infection']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['variable immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse retinal edema']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis', 'Bilateral retinal vasculitis', 'Retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity4816 :: (MESH:D031300,Disease) :: ['Retinal vasculitis']


abstract: In this study, we ask two questions: (1) Is reproductive success independent of parental genetic distance in predominately selfing plants? (2) In the absence of early inbreeding @entity308 , is there substantial maternal and/or paternal variation in reproductive success in natural populations? Seed yield in single pollinations and proportion of seeds sired in mixed pollinations were studied in genetically defined accessions of the predominately selfing plant @entity958 by conducting two diallel crosses. The first diallel was a standard, single pollination design that we used to examine variance in seed yield. The second diallel was a mixed pollination design that utilized a standard pollen competitor to examine variance in proportion of seeds sired. We found no correlation between reproductive success and parental genetic distance, and self-pollen does not systematically differ in reproductive success compared to outcross pollen, suggesting that @entity958 populations do not experience @entity2085 due to early-acting inbreeding or outbreeding @entity308 . We used these data to partition the contributions to total phenotypic variation from six sources, including maternal contributions, paternal contributions and parental interactions. For seed yield in single pollinations, maternal effects accounted for the most significant source of variance (16.6  %). For proportion of seeds sired in mixed pollinations, the most significant source of variance was paternal effects (17.9  %). Thus, we show that population-level genetic similarities, including selfing, do not correlate with reproductive success, yet there is still significant paternal variance under competition. This suggests two things. First, since these differences are unlikely due to early-acting inbreeding @entity308 or differential pollen viability, this implicates natural variation in pollen germination and tube growth dynamics. Second, this strongly supports a model of fixation of pollen performance genes in populations, offering a focus for future genetic studies in differential reproductive success.

title: Parental genetic distance and patterns in nonrandom mating and seed yield in predominately selfing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryo lethality']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: Changes in @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) release in response to L-dopa, @entity1218 , @entity369 and @entity4396 were studied in 15 @entity1 with @entity2012 to investigate the mechanism of so-called 'paradoxical decrease' of GH secretion often observed in acromegalics after the administration of L-dopa. Among 15 @entity1 , 11 showed GH increase with @entity1218 , 8 with @entity369 , and 4 with @entity4396 . On the other hand, six out of these 15 @entity1 showed a distinct paradoxical GH decrease after L-dopa administration. Two cases showed an increase in GH on L-dopa as seen in normal subjects. The responses of GH release, either an increase or a decrease, was proved fairly constant when several @entity1 had been examined repeatedly. Changes of GH induced by L-dopa were compared wwith those by @entity1218 , @entity369 , and @entity4396 . There were no correlation between the changes by L-dopa and those by @entity1218 , @entity369 , and @entity4396 when compared simply. But a significant negative correlation (r=-0.861) was found between percent changes by L-dopa and logarithm of increase ratio (peak value of GH after the stimulation/basal value) induced by @entity1218 . More close correlation (r=-0.881) was obtained when the percent changes by L-dopa was (formula: see text). This result would imply that paradoxical GH decrease by L-dopa in acromegalic @entity1 is more remarkable when their GH secretion is more responsive to @entity1218 and less responsive to @entity369 . When this correlation is considered in connection with the reported effects of L-dopa on GH and thyroid stimulating hormne (TSH) in @entity1 , the following hypothesis might be proposed: L-dopa has two opposing actions on the hypothalamo-pituitary system; 1) inhibition of @entity1218 release or suppression of GH release from @entity1218 sensitive GH producing cells, and 2) @entity369 -like facilitation of GH release presumably via stimulation of @entity7704 . The paradoxical GH decrease in acromegalics on L-dopa is explained by the dominance of the former action.

title: Abnormal XXXX responses to L-dopa and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in @entity1 with @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Importance: Anti- @entity19689 pemphigoid is a rare subepidermal @entity792 characterized by autoantibodies against a 200-kDa protein in the basement membrane zone. Anti- @entity19689 pemphigoid is probably often misdiagnosed because of low availability of diagnostic assays and expertise and classified as bullous pemphigoid or epidermolysis bullosa @entity2653 . Objective: To clinically characterize patients with anti- @entity19689 pemphigoid, identified by using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on skin substrates deficient in type VII collagen and laminin-332 (knockout analysis), to validate this technique by immunoblot with dermal extract, and to incorporate direct immunofluorescence serration pattern analysis in the diagnostic algorithm. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This was a retrospective study performed from January 2014 to June 2015 with biobank @entity1 materials and clinical data for the period 1998 to 2015 from the single national referral center on @entity792 . @entity1 were selected based on a dermal side binding on 1-mol/L salt ( @entity2827 )-split @entity1 skin substrate by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, not diagnosed epidermolysis bullosa @entity2653 or anti-laminin-332 mucous membrane pemphigoid. Main Outcomes and Measures: Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy knockout analysis was performed and diagnosis of anti- @entity19689 confirmed by immunoblot with dermal extract. Clinical, histological, and immunological findings were registered. Autoantibodies against laminin y1 were determined by immunoblot. Results: Twelve patients with anti- @entity19689 pemphigoid (7 male and 5 female; mean age, 66.6 years) were identified using the indirect immunofluorescence microscopy knockout analysis. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy showed a linear n-serrated IgG deposition pattern along the basement membrane zone in 9 of 11 @entity1 . The diagnosis was confirmed by immunoblot showing autoantibodies against 200-kDa protein in dermal extract in 12 of 12 @entity1 . Autoantibodies against recombinant laminin y1 were detected by immunoblot in 8 of 12 @entity1 . Remarkable similarities were seen in clinical features with predominantly tense blisters on hands and feet, resembling @entity7248 . Mucosal involvement was seen in 6 (50%) of the @entity1 . Conclusions and Relevance: Predominance of blisters on hands and feet may be a clinical clue to the diagnosis of anti- @entity19689 pemphigoid. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy serration pattern analysis and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy knockout analysis are valuable additional techniques to facilitate the diagnosis of anti- @entity19689 pemphigoid.

title: Laboratory Diagnosis and Clinical Profile of Anti- XXXX Pemphigoid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['acquisita']

entities_list: @entity7248 :: ('MESH:D010391', 'Disease') :: ['dyshidrosiform pemphigoid']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune bullous diseases', 'autoimmune blistering disease']

answer: @entity19689 :: (196528,Gene) :: ['p200']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Five-year survival rates for @entity957 ( @entity957 ) have remained at a dismal 50% for the past several decades. Molecular analyses of premalignant tissues are a key means of identifying early foundational drivers of disease, which may be exploitable as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for improving disease outcomes. We previously identified @entity45731 as frequently hypermethylated and silenced in @entity66 based on an analysis of lesion-adjacent normal, @entity1141 , and @entity189 tissues from the oral cavity. Herein, we further evaluate the role of this putative @entity5 suppressor gene in transformation of oral tissues and @entity957 . By an initial assessment, @entity45731 promoter hypermethylation was found in 24/32 (75%) of paired @entity5 samples in The @entity5 data set, with significant correlation noted between methylation status and relative gene expression. To assess the impact of @entity45731 in oral tumorigenesis, we overexpressed @entity45731 in two @entity1697 cell lines. Expression of @entity45731 caused an increase in cell proliferation, DNA damage repair capabilities, and increased the level of apoptosis. Taken together, we find evidence that @entity45731 is a novel @entity5 suppressor in @entity5 , which becomes methylated and silenced at the premalignant stage and appears to be epigenetically regulated. Further studies are warranted to investigate its role as a marker for progression in @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Epigenetic mediated silencing of XXXX contributes to tumorigenesis in oral dysplastic cells.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant disease']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas oral cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ/squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity45731 :: (2070,Gene) :: ['EYA4']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of oral @entity3974 with i.v. @entity10442 each given as a single dose prior to administration of highly emetogenic @entity900 chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity5 were randomized to receive a single 24 mg @entity3974 tablet plus a 50 ml i.v. infusion of normal saline, or a single 10   g/kg (50 ml) i.v. infusion of @entity10442 plus a placebo tablet in this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Study drug was administered 30 min prior to a single i.v. infusion of @entity900 (50-75 mg/m_sup2;), given over a period of </= 3 h. Concurrent administration of @entity288 was not allowed. Efficacy measurements included the number of emetic episodes, need for rescue medication, and @entity1 assessments of @entity390 and appetite. Complete response (CR) was defined as no emetic episodes, rescue, or withdrawal; major response was defined as one or two episodes. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events and changes in laboratory parameters. RESULTS: A total of 371 @entity1 entered the study and received study drug, of whom 184 received @entity3974 and 187 received @entity10442 . For all parameters tested, a single 24 mg oral @entity3974 tablet was at least as effective as i.v. @entity10442 . CR was achieved in 58% of @entity3974 -treated @entity1 and 51% of @entity10442 -treated @entity1 (95% confidence interval on the difference: -4% to 17%). Subjective assessments revealed no difference with regard to complete control of @entity390 , appetite, or satisfaction with antiemetic therapy. Both drugs were well tolerated; the most common adverse event was @entity10 . CONCLUSION: A single 24 mg oral dose of @entity3974 is at least as safe and effective as a single i.v. infusion of 10   g/kg of @entity10442 in preventing @entity390 and @entity391 induced by highly emetogenic @entity900 chemotherapy.

title: A Comparison of Oral XXXX and Intravenous @entity10442 for the Prevention of @entity390 and Emesis Associated with @entity900 -Based Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron', 'ondansetron hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['granisetron']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['Ondansetron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3192 ( @entity3192 ) is a rare hip condition with few long-term studies. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes after operative and nonoperative treatment of @entity3192 , assess reliability of radiographic parameters, and investigate risk factors for recurrence after surgery. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed of all @entity3192 @entity1 treated at 1 institution from 1980 to 2010. In addition, @entity1 were recalled for additional follow-up x- @entity16039 , modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and gait analysis. Radiographic measurements [neck-shaft angle (NSA), head-shaft angle (HSA), @entity2249 (FNL)] were assessed for reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for recurrence after surgery. RESULTS: Forty-six hips in 32 @entity1 were reviewed. Mean age at presentation was 5.4  4.9 years. Mean follow-up was 11.8  5.8 years. Valgus proximal femoral osteotomy was performed in 27 hips (20 @entity1 ). @entity85 was greater in the operative group (NSA 90  17 degrees, HEA 68  19 degrees) versus nonoperative @entity1 (NSA 122  19 degrees, HEA 34  14 degrees) (P<0.0001), but radiographic outcomes were similar at follow-up. Most nonoperative hips had normal FNL growth rates (80%), but resolution of varus NSA occurred in only 21%. In contrast, 56% of operative hips showed decreased FNL growth rates. Interobserver reliability was excellent for HEA (0.98), NSA (0.90), and FNL (0.89), and good for HSA (0.79). Repeat osteotomy was performed in 6 cases (22%). No significant predictors for recurrence were identified. At long-term follow-up for recalled @entity1 , 72% had significantly abnormal gait, and 50% had fair-poor functional outcomes (mHHS<79). CONCLUSIONS: @entity14953 corrects severe @entity85 in @entity3192 with improved clinical and radiographic outcomes. HEA and NSA are the most reliable radiographic measurements of proximal @entity85 in @entity3192 . Recurrence is not uncommon, but no predictors were identified. Many @entity1 have persistent gait @entity73 at long-term follow-up, regardless of prior treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-retrospective cohort.

title: Long-term Outcomes of Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Hilgenreiner-epiphyseal angle (HEA), and femoral neck length']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity14953 :: ('MESH:D060906', 'Disease') :: ['Valgus osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity3192 :: ('MESH:D060905', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital coxa vara', 'CCV']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'femoral deformity', 'Initial deformity']

answer: @entity3192 :: (MESH:D060905,Disease) :: ['Congenital Coxa Vara']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During @entity326 , the vasoconstrictor response to @entity1063 is seriously blunted. Animal experiments suggest that hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells by opening of @entity972 (K) channels underlies this phenomenon. In the present study, we examined whether K-channel blockers and/or @entity842 (NO) synthase inhibition could restore @entity1063 sensitivity during experimental @entity1 @entity5694 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Volunteers received 2 ng/kg @entity526 endotoxin intravenously. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured with @entity432 plethysmography. Infusion of 4 dose steps of @entity1063 into the brachial artery decreased the FBF ratio (ratio of FBF in the experimental arm to FBF in the control arm) to 84 +/- 4%, 70 +/- 4%, 55 +/- 4%, and 38 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) of its baseline value. After endotoxin administration, @entity1063 -induced vasoconstriction was attenuated (FBF ratio, 101 +/- 4%, 92 +/- 4%, 83 +/- 6%, and 56 +/- 7%; n = 30; P = 0.0018; pooled data). Intrabrachial infusion of the K-channel blocker @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) completely restored the vasoconstrictor response to @entity1063 from 104 +/- 5%, 93 +/- 7%, 93 +/- 12%, and 69 +/- 12% to 89 +/- 9%, 73 +/- 4%, 59 +/- 5%, and 46 +/- 8% (n = 6; P = 0.045). Other K-channel blockers did not affect the response to @entity1063 . The NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ; 0.2 mg x min(-1) x dL(-1) intra-arterially) also restored the @entity1063 sensitivity. In the presence of @entity7293 , @entity1041 did not have an additional effect on the @entity1063 -induced vasoconstriction (n = 6; P = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: The K-channel blocker @entity1041 restores the attenuated vasoconstrictor response to @entity1063 during experimental @entity1 @entity5694 . Coadministration of @entity7293 abolishes this potentiating effect of @entity1041 , suggesting that NO mediates the endotoxin-induced effect on vascular K channels. In the absence of an effect of the selective @entity855 -dependent K-channel blocker @entity11243 , we conclude that the blunting effect of endotoxin on @entity1063 -induced vasoconstriction is caused by NO-mediated activation of @entity460 -activated K channels in the vascular wall.

title: In vivo evidence for @entity842 -mediated XXXX -activated @entity972 -channel activation during @entity1 @entity5694 .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine', 'L-NMMA']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Hospital Acquired Condition Strategy (HACS) denies payment for @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) after @entity348 ( @entity348 ). The intention is to reduce complications and associated costs, while improving the quality of care by mandating @entity1211 prophylaxis. We applied a system dynamics model to estimate the impact of HACS on @entity1211 rates, and potential unintended consequences such as increased rates of @entity548 and @entity281 and decreased access for @entity1 who might benefit from @entity348 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: The system dynamics model uses a series of @entity1 stocks including the number needing @entity348 , deemed ineligible, receiving @entity348 , and harmed due to surgical complication. The flow of @entity1 between stocks is determined by a series of causal elements such as rates of exclusion, surgery and complications. The number of @entity1 harmed due to @entity1211 , @entity548 or exclusion were modeled by year by comparing @entity1 stocks that results in scenarios with and without HACS. The percentage of @entity348 @entity1 experiencing @entity1211 decreased approximately 3-fold with HACS. This decrease in @entity1211 was offset by an increased rate of @entity548 and @entity281 . Moreover, results from the model suggest HACS could exclude 1.5% or half a million @entity1 who might benefit from knee replacement through 2020. CONCLUSION: System dynamics modeling indicates HACS will have the intended consequence of reducing @entity1211 rates. However, an unintended consequence of the policy might be increased potential harm resulting from over administration of prophylaxis, as well as exclusion of a large population of @entity1 who might benefit from @entity348 .

title: System dynamics to model the unintended consequences of denying payment for @entity1211 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: Geographical variations in @entity65 have been reported from Mid-Sweden. IHD mortality for @entity1 aged 45-64 was 60% higher in the western part than in the east. Mortality from @entity64 for @entity1 aged 45-74 was 73% higher on the west. Similar differences were found for @entity1 . One possible explanation could be that there are no incidence differences but that the mortality differences are due to different survival rates or to differences certifying the cause of @entity204 . These two possible explanations were tested in this study. Data for all @entity1 hospitalised during the 10-year period 1972-1981 for @entity583 or @entity64 in a high mortality area, the County of V  rmland in the west, and a low mortality area, the County of Uppsala in the east, were collected. In addition, a substudy was performed where the basis for the @entity204 certificate diagnosis was studied. The western area generally had a higher case fatality rate than the eastern. However, a larger proportion of the @entity204 the eastern area, occurred outside hospital, so that the net effect would be that the differences found were not large enough to explain the mortality differences. The autopsy rate in the western part was lower than in the east but since a larger proportion of the @entity204 occurred in hospital the rank order for IHD and @entity64 mortality between east and west was the same whether all IHD or @entity64 @entity204 were counted or only those considered the most well documented.

title: Are geographical differences in XXXX due to morbidity differences or to methodological differences? The project " @entity583 in Mid-Sweden".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular mortality']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3620 is a @entity5 which is generally resistant to chemotherapy. While the addition of interferon to chemotherapy improves response rates in some other @entity5 , such a combination has not been evaluated in the treatment of @entity2615 . AIMS: To assess the anti- @entity5 effects and @entity137 of interferon-alpha combined with @entity632 in the treatment of @entity2615 . METHODS: Twenty five @entity1 (mean age 54 +/- 11 years) were enrolled in a phase II study. All @entity1 had a confirmed histological diagnosis, measurable @entity5 , a life expectancy of at least three months, and no prior chemotherapy or interferon. @entity4020 , 9 x 10(6) U sc daily, was administered together with @entity632 25 mg per m2 i.v. weekly, for 12 weeks. Response status was assessed by @entity5 measurements on clinical examination and thoracic CT scans before and after treatment. RESULTS: A partial response was observed in four @entity1 (16%; 90% CI, 8-30%), 11 remained stable, while six had progressive disease. Four @entity1 withdrew within the first month because of @entity137 . The median survival of all @entity1 was 11 months (95% CI, 3-19). Dose modification as a result of @entity137 was required in all @entity1 . Lethargy, @entity353 , @entity1431 and @entity391 were the most common side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of interferon-alpha and @entity632 showed only modest activity and was associated with significant @entity137 . It cannot be recommended in the treatment of @entity3620 .

title: Interferon alpha and @entity632 in malignant XXXX : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon alpha-2a']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Oesophageal variceal @entity548 is a devastating @entity101 ( @entity101 ). This study was done to determine the risk factors for re- @entity548 within 5 days and mortality up to 6 weeks in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity548 ( @entity548 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 100 @entity1 presenting with haematemesis and/or melena due to @entity548 varices. All @entity1 were subjected to full clinical assessment, routine laboratory investigations, calculation of the @entity1 -Turcotte-Pugh ( @entity93 ) and @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) scores, abdominal ultrasound and emergency upper @entity344 . The @entity1 were followed up since admission and up to 6 weeks for the occurrence of rebleeding (in the first 5days) and mortality (up to 6weeks) after the acute attack. RESULTS: The @entity1 were grouped into three groups: Group I: @entity1 who survived more than 6 weeks following endoscopic management and did not rebleed during this period (75 @entity1 ). Group II: @entity1 who died within 6 weeks of @entity548 (10 @entity1 ). Group III: @entity1 who rebled or died within 5 days of @entity548 (15 @entity1 ). The mean @entity3851 score was significantly higher in group II (18.29  0.66) and group III (18.73  0.89) as compared to group I (12.8  2.1) (p=0.001). Active @entity548 at time of endoscopy was present in 8% of group I, 70% of group II and 53.3% of group III and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.003), while white nipple sign was present in 10.6% of group I, 90% of group II and 73.3% of group III and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.05). In conclusion high @entity3851 score (>18), presence of active @entity548 or white nipple sign at time of endoscopy are significant predictors for early rebleeding and mortality after @entity548 .

title: Predictors of early re- @entity548 and mortality after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['PHT', 'complication of portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute variceal haemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage', 'AVH']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['model for end stage liver disease', 'MELD']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['acute variceal haemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antithrombotic mechanism of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) extracted from sea @entity9688 . METHODS: We studied the effects of GAG on the coagulant pathway by measuring cloting time. The antithrombin mechanism of GAG was checked by assaying its effects on the @entity556 activity in normal @entity1 pooled plasma, purified @entity1 heparin cofactor II system and antithrombin III system. The effects of GAG on the assembly, dispersion, and structure of fibrin gels as well as on the activity of @entity1351 were studied by means of turbidimetry, electron microscopy, and chromogenic substrate assay. We studied the effect of GAG on the expression and transcription of @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) and thrombomodulin (TM) in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and used heparin as a control. HUVECs were treated with different concentrations of GAG (1 microgram/ml, 5 micrograms/ml, and 10 micrograms/ml respectively) and 5 micrograms/ml heparin as a control together with LPS (1 microgram/ml). After incubation for 6 hours, @entity3145 and TM were investigated by ELISA and the mRNA study was carried out by RT-PCR. In a clinical trail, a series of variables were observed before and after treatment with GAG in @entity1 recovering from cerebral @entity385 or suffering from @entity741 . RESULTS: The TT and APTT were significantly prolonged by GAG (0.1 microgram/ml). GAG inhibited @entity556 activity in the presence of HCII with a second order rate constant of 1.14 x 10(7) m-1.min-1, which was 4.6 times higher than that of @entity5582 . GAG significantly inhibited the polymerization of fibrin monomer and enhanced the activity of @entity1351 in a concentration dependent manner. GAG could impair @entity3145 mRNA expression and up-regulate TM mRNA expression. The result of clinical trail showed that the fat metabolism was enhanced in addition to the anticoagulant and the blood viscosity reducing effects. No side-effect was found. CONCLUSIONS: GAG mainly affected on the intrinsic pathway of @entity1003 . GAG was similar to dermatan @entity597 both in the efficiency and in the mechanism of antithrombin. The acceleration of colt lysis by GAG depended on its ability to increase the activity of @entity1351 , to inhibit the polymerizing of fibrin monomer, and consequently, to alter the architecture of the fibrin net work. This effect on HUVECs appears to be at a transcriptional level and might be relevant for the antithrombotic action of GAG. GAG possess anticoagulant activity in vivo and it is a promising drug for antithrombotic therapy.

title: Basic and clinical study on the antithrombotic mechanism of glycosaminoglycan extracted from sea XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['TF', 'tissue factor']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['cucumber']


abstract: Waterborne outbreaks caused by Cryptosporidium and Giardia are well documented, while the public health implications for @entity6766 from these parasites have not been adequately considered. Cryptosporidium and Giardia are common in domestic livestock, where young animals can have a high prevalence of @entity281 , shedding large numbers of oocysts and cysts. Molecular epidemiological studies have advanced our knowledge on the distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species and genotypes in specific livestock. This has enabled better source tracking of contaminated foods. Livestock generate large volumes of fecal waste, which can contaminate the environment with (oo)cysts. Evidence suggests that livestock, particularly @entity291 , play a significant role in food contamination, leading to outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. However, @entity7014 seems to originate primarily from anthroponotic sources. @entity11447 and @entity7014 are underreported because of the limited knowledge of the zoonotic potential and public health implications. Methods more sensitive and cheaper are needed to detect the often-low numbers of (oo)cysts in contaminated food and water. As the environmental burden of Cryptosporidium oocysts and @entity45 from livestock waste increases with the projected increase in animal agriculture, public health is further compromised. Contamination of food by livestock feces containing Cryptosporidium oocysts and @entity45 could occur via routes that span the entire food production continuum. Intervention strategies aimed at preventing food contamination with Cryptosporidium and Giardia will require an integrated approach based on knowledge of the potential points of entry for these parasites into the food chain. This review examines the potential for @entity6766 from Cryptosporidium and Giardia from livestock sources and discusses possible mechanisms for prevention and control.

title: XXXX associated with Cryptosporidium and Giardia from livestock.

entities_list: @entity11447 :: ('MESH:D003457', 'Disease') :: ['Foodborne cryptosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['foodborne illness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Giardia cysts']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis', 'foodborne giardiasis']

answer: @entity6766 :: (MESH:D005517,Disease) :: ['Foodborne illness']


abstract: Previous analysis of aerobic, @entity413 -limited continuous cultures of @entity526 revealed that G:C-to-T:A (G: @entity6344 :A) transversions were the most commonly occurring type of spontaneous mutation. One possible explanation for the preponderance of these mutations was that nutrient limitation repressed MutY-dependent DNA repair, resulting in increased proportions of G: @entity6344 :A transversions. The regulation of the mutY-dependent DNA repair system was therefore studied with a transcriptional mutY-lacZ fusion recombined into the chromosome. Expression from the mutY promoter was fourfold higher under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. But mutY expression was higher in @entity413 - or @entity3265 -limited chemostats than in nutrient-excess batch culture, so mutY was not downregulated by nutrient limitation. An alternative explanation for the frequency of G: @entity6344 :A transversions was the common appearance of mutY mutator mutations in the chemostat populations. Of 11 chemostat populations screened in detail, six contained mutators, and the mutator mutation in four cultures was located in the region of mutY at 66 min on the chromosome. The spectrum of mutations and rate of mutation in these isolates were fully consistent with a mutY-deficiency in each strain. Based on PCR analysis of the region within and around mutY, isolates from three individual populations contained deletions extending at least 2 kb upstream of mutY and more than 5 kb downstream. In the fourth population, the deletion was even longer, extending at least 5 kb upstream and 5 kb downstream of mutY. The isolation of mutY mutator strains from four independent populations with extensive chromosomal rearrangements suggests that mutY inactivation by deletion is a means of increasing mutation rates under nutrient limitation and explains the observed frequency of G: @entity6344 :A mutations in @entity413 -limited chemostats.

title: Regulation of mutY and nature of mutator mutations in XXXX populations under nutrient limitation.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Between 1969 and 1992, 32 @entity1 underwent conservative surgery (partial nephrectomy or enucleation) for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Elective parenchyma-conserving surgery (n = 10) was done in @entity1 with small, peripheral @entity703 and a normal contralateral kidney. @entity5 in a solitary kidney, @entity5 , dysfunctional contralateral kidney or @entity177 were imperative indications (n = 22) for conservative surgery. In the elective group the @entity5 were 15-100 mm (mean 37 mm) in diameter, in the imperative group 5 to 200 mm (mean 41 mm). The follow-up was 0.2-192 months (mean 48.7 months). Nine of 22 (41%) @entity1 in the imperative group have died of @entity1358 . There were no @entity703 related @entity204 in the elective group. The 5-year cause-specific survival rates for the elective and imperative groups were 100% and 46%, respectively. Two @entity1 in the elective group have died of unrelated causes. Local recurrences developed in three of 22 @entity1 in the imperative group after a mean of 5.4 years; two of them had @entity280 with @entity1358 . Conservative surgery seems to be a feasible option in small peripheral @entity703 .

title: Parenchyma-conserving surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral RCC', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'kidney tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the IgG subclass distribution of the anti-Hu antibody in serum, nervous system, and @entity5 of patients with anti-Hu-associated @entity11048 / @entity16 (PEM/PSN). The nervous system was also examined for deposits of complement and the distribution and type of inflammatory cells. IgG1 and @entity3172 were the predominant isotypes of the anti-Hu IgG in serum, nervous system, and @entity5 . A few @entity1 also had anti-Hu IgG2, but this isotype was not consistently present in all the regions of the nervous system studied. There was no correlation between neurologic symptoms and specific anti-Hu isotype, nor was there evidence that different anti-Hu isotypes recognized specific brain regions. Although IgG1 and @entity3172 can activate complement, only weak complement reactivity was found, and that only in a few areas of the nervous system. This finding, in addition to the absence of natural killer (NK) cells, suggested that complement-mediated @entity137 and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells are not pathogenic in PEM/PSN. Inflammatory infiltrates included @entity1075 + (B cells) and @entity404 + (helper/inducer) cells in the perivascular spaces, and lymphocytes bearing @entity405 + @entity9536 - markers (cytotoxic T cells) in the interstitial spaces. Infiltrates of EBM11+ (monocyte/macrophage) cells were identified in the perivascular spaces (macrophage phenotype) and in those interstitial regions (microglial phenotype) with severe pathologic changes. The ability of the IgG1 and @entity3172 isotypes to bind Fc receptors may have played a role in the recruitment of these monocyte/macrophage cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Analysis of the IgG subclass distribution and inflammatory infiltrates in patients with anti-Hu-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity11048 :: ('MESH:D020361', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity11048 :: (MESH:D020361,Disease) :: ['paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a @entity272 that often requires long-term therapy to control the symptoms. Combination therapies for severe @entity1569 have advantages for disease control and are thought to reduce long-term side-effects. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and side-effects of @entity1499 plus @entity205 used in combination for the treatment of severe @entity1569 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 @entity1 were treated with the combination of @entity1499 and @entity205 . @entity1499 was given intramuscularly as a single weekly dose of 10 mg and @entity205 at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg/day in two equally divided doses. Clinical response was assessed according to clinical outcome and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index which were evaluated at the beginning of therapy (PASI1), after cessation of one agent (PASI2), and at the end of therapy (PASI3). RESULTS: All the @entity1 had previously received one or more systemic treatment. There were 10 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 (mean age 44 years). The median (minimum to maximum) duration of @entity1499 and @entity205 treatments were 12.5 (4-55) and 14.0 (4-80) weeks, respectively. Median duration of combination therapy was 9.5 weeks (range 4-50). The median of previously used and end-of-study cumulative doses of @entity1499 were 181.8 mg (range 0-785) and 330.8 mg (range 50-845), respectively. The median PASI scores were decreased by 77.4% (range 51.2-90.2) and 75.9% (range 10.1-100) at PASI2 and PASI3, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with severe @entity1569 had clinically significant improvement after the initiation of combination therapy. Healing rate was decreased upon cessation of one of the medications. Short-term side-effects were minor, transient and manageable. Long-term follow-up of @entity1 treated with this combination is needed.

title: @entity1499 and @entity205 combination for the treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['chronic skin disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: The representation of the various features of waveforms and their correlations, in EEG recording for the diagnosis of @entity66 have been carried out by many researchers due to the impact of knowledge based on expert systems development tools and techniques. The realisation of these system requires a specific hardware and software tool for its implementation, which may be a costly affair. The design and development of low cost effective system for the diagnosis of @entity302 @entity1 have been reported in this paper. Two different and linked (at certain stage) approaches (i) decision table; (ii) rule based system have been followed to model the reasoning processes of physician in the diagnosis. In the decision table the features of specific waveforms of EEG are represented in the tabular form. The features are obtained from a 8086 microprocessor based data acquisition system. The rule based system is designed with IF and THEN form of rules using Turbo-Prolog as programming language tool and is implemented on low cost PC- @entity1129 . The results obtained are at an intermediate stage of data processing by decision tables and at the final stage being carried out by rule based model. The performance of the system is evaluated by recording of EEG of some @entity302 @entity1 . The results obtained are comparable and to a certain extend appreciable in the opinion of the physician.

title: A decision table and rule based interpretation system for XXXX discharges.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['different diseases']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']