abstract: The epiphyseal cartilage in @entity19 tibia and fibula was investigated with the freeze- @entity174 method. Cytodifferentiation of growth plate chondrocytes was found to be marked by changes in both cell membrane and extracellular matrix vesicle membranes. Exocytosis and endocytosis were observed in all zones of differentiation, with endocytosis being predominant in the reserve and proliferative zones and exocytosis occurring with greatest frequency during @entity1184 . Intramembraneous particles (IMPs) on the plasma membrane were distributed evenly on the reserve and proliferative cell membranes, whereas in the @entity1184 tended to be distributed asymmetrically. Several types of matrix vesicles were identifiable on the basis of IMP distribution: IMP-free, IMP-aggregated, and IMP-random. The distribution pattern of IMPs on vesicles varied with differentiation of the chondrocytes. For proliferative and prehypertrophic cells, most matrix vesicles belonged to the IMP-random category. IMP-aggregated and IMP-free matrix vesicles became increasingly frequent in the later stages of differentiation, particularly in the late @entity1184 stage. IMPs were observed more frequently on the convex protoplasmic @entity174 face of matrix vesicles than on the concave exoplasmic @entity174 face, as was also observed for the plasma membrane. Matrix vesicles formation appears to occur by budding from chondrocyte projections and bulges at the smooth surfaces of the cells and from cell disintegration. Crystals of mineral were apparent in cross-fractured matrix vesicles of the calcifying zone, but not in the other zones.

title: The plasma membrane and matrix vesicles of @entity19 growth plate chondrocytes during differentiation as revealed in freeze- XXXX replicas.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic zone IMPs', 'hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The present study assessed the ability of a combined immunomodulatory treatment using (1) selective depletion of peripheral macrophages with liposomal-encapsulated @entity19160 , and (2) @entity7428 , a type 4 phosphodiesterase ( @entity1980 ) inhibitor, to promote neuroprotection and improve locomotor recovery following experimental @entity2981 SCI. We demonstrate that delivery of either liposomal @entity19160 or @entity7428 alone promotes neuroprotection, enhances myelinated tissue sparing, and improves hindlimb functional recovery. Combined treatment with liposomal @entity19160 and @entity7428 produced the greatest improvement in locomotor recovery (inter-limb coordination, paw placement, and toe clearance), at 4 weeks post-injury (2.9 points). Retrograde tracing revealed substantial axonal sparing and/or sprouting from several brainstem motor nuclei, and hindlimb motor cortex. The combined treatment with these two drugs promoted the greatest amount of axonal sparing (3- to 4-fold increase compared to controls). Histological assessments revealed that combined treatment with @entity19160 / @entity7428 resulted in a significant reduction in lesion volume (51%) and lesion area at the @entity130 (45%), and significantly increased the extent of myelinated tissue sparing. Immunohistochemical studies showed a qualitative reduction in the accumulation of ED-1(+) macrophages within the injured spinal cord 5 weeks after injury. Our results demonstrate robust neuroprotection and improved hindlimb locomotor function using a combined immunomodulatory treatment strategy consisting of liposomal @entity19160 and @entity7428 . The present data suggest that clinical trials with acute delivery of combination immunomodulatory therapies may be warranted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Interaction between repair, disease, _ @entity32 ."

title: A combination immunomodulatory treatment promotes neuroprotection and locomotor recovery after XXXX SCI.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['rolipram']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate']

entities_list: @entity2981 :: ('MESH:D003288', 'Disease') :: ['contusion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury epicenter']

answer: @entity2981 :: (MESH:D003288,Disease) :: ['contusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity64 volume, an increasingly used end point in phase II trials, is considered stationary at least 30 days after the ictus. We investigated whether information conveyed by MR imaging measurements of the "final" @entity1188 volume could be assessed as early as the subacute stage (days 3-6), rather than waiting for the chronic stage (days 30-45). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1 with @entity2500 prospectively included in a multicenter study underwent MR imaging during the first 12 hours (MR imaging-1), between days 3 and 6 (MR imaging-2), and between days 30 and 45 (MR imaging-3). We first investigated the relationship between subacute (FLAIR-2) and chronic volumes (FLAIR-3), by using a linear regression model. We then tested the relationship between FLAIR volumes (either FLAIR-2 or FLAIR-3) and functional disability, measured by the mRS at the time of MR imaging-3, by using logistic regression. The performances of the models were assessed by using the AUC in ROC. RESULTS: A linear association between log FLAIR-2 and log FLAIR-3 volumes was observed. The proportion of FLAIR-3 variation, explained by FLAIR-2, was high (R(2) = 81%), without a covariate that improved this percentage. Both FLAIR-2 and FLAIR-3 were independent predictors of mRS (OR, 0.79 and 0.73; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97 and 0.56-0.96; P = .026 and .023). The performances of the models for the association between either FLAIR volume and mRS did not differ (AUC = 0.897 for FLAIR-2 and 0.888 for FLAIR-3). CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 may be assessed by a subacute volume because subacute volume predicts the "true" final volume and provides the same clinical prognosis.

title: Final cerebral XXXX volume is predictable by MR imaging at 1 week.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke damage', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery stroke']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: AIMS: Dispersion of repolarization (DOR) in the @entity1 heart is minimized by activation-repolarization coupling. Adrenergic stimulation can be proarrhythmic in @entity1 with impaired left-ventricular function and its effect on repolarization dispersion has not been systematically investigated. Our objective was to study the effect of @entity452 on repolarization dispersion and activation-repolarization coupling in @entity1 with @entity296 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Activation recovery intervals (ARI) and @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) were measured from unipolar electrograms at 10 sites along the apicobasal right ventricle (RV) in 14 @entity1 with @entity296 (LVEF < 40%). These measurements were made during control, @entity452 2.5-5.0 microg/kg/min, and a recontrol phase while maintaining constant heart rates with atrial pacing. Dispersion of repolarization was calculated from the total recovery time (TRT, @entity3457 + @entity10916 ). Activation-repolarization coupling was assessed by linear regression of ARI and @entity3457 . Dispersion of repolarization across all 10 sites and between adjacent sites increased with @entity452 compared with control (whole DOR: range 15 +/- 2 vs. 12 +/- 2 ms, P = 0.06 and standard deviation 5.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.9 ms, P = 0.04; adjacent DOR: 5.9 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.6 ms, P = 0.04). This was associated with shallower ARI/ @entity3457 slopes (-0.3 +/- 0.2 vs. -0.8 +/- 0.2, P = 0.05) and a decrease in ARI- @entity3457 correlation (R(2) 0.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1, P = 0.05) with @entity452 compared with control. CONCLUSION: Adrenergic stimulation increases apicobasal RV DOR and reduces coupling between activation and repolarization in @entity1 with @entity296 . This may provide a mechanism for the proarrhythmic potential of heightened adrenergic states in these @entity1 .

title: Adrenergic stimulation increases repolarization dispersion and reduces activation-repolarization coupling along the RV endocardium of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'activation times']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: In previous studies we have shown that spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) develop a running behaviour and, secondary to the running behaviour, develop an endorphin-mediated analgesic effect. In the present study the role of the central endorphin system in the cardiovascular responses to spontaneous exercise in normotensive @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and SHR was investigated. The experimental design allowed us to record mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) continuously for more than 1 week without interfering with the daily activities of the animals. They were active in running wheels during the dark period (19.00-07.00 h) and the activity was accompanied by a marked rise in HR. In SHR, a @entity308 of blood pressure lasting for about for about 50 min was noted following each running period. The MAP during the post-running @entity308 was 131.4 +/- 1.6 mmHg which was significantly lower than the pre-running control value (145.2 +/- 2.3 mmHg, P less than 0.01). In contrast, MAP in the post-running period in WKY was not significantly different from the pre-running values. In addition, the @entity308 period of SHR had a mean post-running length of 49.7 +/- 3.4 min, which is significantly longer than in the WKYs (37.8 +/- 3.5 min, P less than 0.05). In control @entity35 , @entity1510 infusion had no effect on blood pressure but a marked @entity1168 was observed. In nine running SHR receiving a @entity1510 infusion, their MAP during the @entity308 period was not different from the control pressure. Our study indicates that endorphin systems are involved in the regulating of blood pressure and HR during muscle exercise in SHR. These systems trigger the transient @entity308 of blood pressure observed immediately after a running period in the SHR.

title: Circulatory events following spontaneous muscle exercise in normotensive and @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['clear depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: The INT0116 study has established postoperative chemoradiotherapy as the standard of care for completely resected @entity356 . However, the optimal chemoradiation regimen remains to be defined. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate an alternative chemoradiation regimen that combines more current systemic treatment with modern techniques of radiotherapy delivery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with @entity420 who had undergone an R0 resection were eligible. Adjuvant therapy consisted of one cycle of @entity1259 , @entity900 , and @entity1487 (ECF), followed by radiotherapy with concurrent infusional @entity1487 , and then two additional cycles of ECF. Radiotherapy was delivered using precisely defined, multiple-field, three-dimensional conformal techniques. RESULTS: A total of 54 assessable @entity1 were enrolled from 19 institutions. The proportion of @entity1 commencing Cycles 1, 2, and 3 of ECF chemotherapy were 100%, 81%, and 67% respectively. In all, 94% of @entity1 who received radiotherapy completed treatment as planned. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 occurred in 66% of @entity1 with 7.4% developing @entity1398 . Most @entity1398 episodes (83%) occurred in the post-radiotherapy period during cycles 2 and 3 of ECF. Grade 3/4 gastrointestinal @entity137 occurred in 28% of @entity1 . In all, 35% of radiotherapy treatment plans contained protocol deviations that were satisfactorily amended before commencement of treatment. At median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was estimated at 61.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This adjuvant regimen using ECF before and after three-dimensional conformal chemoradiation is feasible and can be safely delivered in a cooperative group setting. A regimen similar to this is currently being compared with the INT0116 regimen in a National @entity5 Institute-sponsored, randomized Phase III trial.

title: Adjuvant chemoradiation for @entity356 using XXXX , @entity900 , and @entity1487 before and after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with concurrent infusional @entity1487 : a multicenter study of the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: To evaluate critically the merit of utilizing a wound model for growing @entity1 @entity5 , a series of increasingly difficult @entity1 @entity5 types were tested for growth at sites of @entity130 in athymic @entity19 . In vitro @entity5 lines as well as fresh @entity5 from the breast, colon, rectum, lung, and a @entity3 from an unknown primary were intraperitoneally injected into @entity19 subjected to intra-abdominal organ injury. Successful xenografts were obtained from nine of 10 cell lines and 14 of 24 fresh @entity5 . The latter included five of six (83%) @entity694 , one @entity2 , metastatic @entity5 of unknown primary, three of four (75%) metastatic @entity0 and four of six (67%) @entity172 receptor (ER)-negative @entity0 . Six ER-positive @entity0 tested failed to grow in @entity19 without @entity172 supplementation. Xenografts from two breast, two @entity2 formed spontaneous @entity3 and all xenografts tested were able to yield serial transplants in the surgical wound model. Histologically, all xenografts and their @entity3 were identical to their respective donor @entity5 . Transplantability in @entity19 without exogenous @entity172 supplementation was linked to the absence of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors in @entity0 . Transplantability of the cell lines was associated with the expression of cell surface receptors for fibronectin and hyaluronic acid. Receptors for other extracellular matrix components, namely, laminin, @entity18755 , collagen, fibrinogen or @entity2880 factor were not associated with transplantability. These results demonstrate that a large proportion of @entity1 @entity5 , including the @entity0 , can be successfully xenografted into athymic @entity19 by providing them with a healing wound environment, and that such xenografts grown at ectopic sites exhibit metastatic ability.

title: Growth and @entity3 of @entity1 XXXX in athymic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast tumors', 'breast primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['colon and the lung cancers', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: The optimal treatment of @entity886 is a controversial issue. This study was performed to evaluate the outcome after surgical treatment of @entity886 in @entity886 . Between the years of 2000 and 2008, 61 @entity1 (mean age: 12.6 +/- 9.6 years, range: 1 day to 40 years) underwent aortic valve surgery for @entity886 . Twenty-four @entity1 had undergone previous cardiovascular operations. Indications for surgery were @entity337 in 14.7% (n = 9), aortic stenoses in 26.2% (n = 16), and mixed disease in 59.1% (n = 36). The Ross procedure was performed in 37.7% (n = 23), aortic valve replacement with biological or mechanical prostheses in 29.5% (n = 18). Concomitant procedures were performed in 91.8% (n = 56) due to associated @entity299 . The overall mortality rate was 5%. Six @entity1 needed reoperation. Implantation of permanent pacemakers occurred in six @entity1 for permanent @entity713 . At the latest clinical evaluation, all survivors are in New York Heart Association class I-II and are living normal lives. Aortic valve surgeries in @entity1 with @entity299 have had low mortality and morbidity rates in our series. Surgical technique as well as timing should be tailored for each @entity1 . Aortic valve replacement should be delayed until the implantation of an adult-sized prosthesis is possible.

title: Aortic valve surgery in XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aortic valve disease', 'aortic valve lesions', 'congenital aortic valve lesions']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac defects', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 with @entity2799 were treated between 1973 and 1984. The overall median survival was 16 months with a five-year survival rate of 31 percent. The complete remission rate was 53 percent and was similar whether they received @entity5257 - or @entity4349 -based regimens (60 percent versus 51 percent). The median remission duration was 29 months. At five years, 43 percent of @entity1 with responses to treatment had continuous remission and 57 percent were alive. Salvage therapy produced remissions in 53 percent of @entity1 during first relapse, with two long-term survivors after further consolidation with bone marrow transplantation. Early fatal @entity548 associated with disseminated @entity1003 during induction therapy occurred in 16 @entity1 (26 percent). Multivariate analysis of the pretreatment @entity1 characteristics significantly associated with an increased risk of fatal @entity548 identified four that have primary prognostic importance: @entity882 , elevated absolute blast and promyelocyte counts, old age, and @entity417 . @entity1 having up to two unfavorable features had a low risk of fatal @entity548 compared with those who had more than two (5 percent versus 58 percent; p less than 0.0001). Overall, @entity1 who received heparin had a lower incidence of fatal @entity548 than those who did not (19 percent versus 32 percent). Heparin therapy was not beneficial to those at low risk but was associated with a trend towards decreased hemorrhagic @entity204 among high-risk @entity1 (45 percent versus 67 percent). Cytogenetic studies demonstrated the characteristic 15;17 translocation in 73 percent of @entity1 with analyzable metaphases, whereas 12 percent had other karyotypic abnormalities. Remission induction was often associated with a gradual atypical morphologic evolution into remission without intermediate @entity509 with the interim marrows showing a high proportion of blasts. It is concluded that @entity2799 is a unique disease with a high potential for cure. Knowledge of its prognosis using present frontline and salvage therapy, of the factors related to fatal @entity548 , and of the unusual @entity1 marrow profiles during remission induction may improve the therapeutic approach.

title: XXXX . M.D. Anderson Hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5257 :: ('MESH:D000677', 'Chemical') :: ['amsacrine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

answer: @entity2799 :: (MESH:D015473,Disease) :: ['Acute promyelocytic leukemia']


abstract: To better understand the role of @entity1 equilibrative (hENTs) and concentrative (hCNTs) @entity2353 transporters in physiology and pharmacology, we investigated the regional, cellular, and spatial distribution of two hCNTs ( @entity13543 and @entity13544 ) and two hENTs ( @entity11573 and @entity13545 ) in four @entity1 tissues. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, we found that the duodenum expressed @entity13543 and @entity13544 mRNAs in enterocytes and @entity11573 and @entity13545 mRNAs in crypt cells. In these cells, the hCNT and hENT proteins were predominantly localized in the apical and lateral membrane, respectively. Hepatocytes expressed higher levels of mRNAs of @entity11573 , @entity13543 , and @entity13545 than of @entity13544 and expressed all these proteins at hepatocyte cell borders and in the cytoplasm. While the kidney expressed @entity13543 and @entity13544 mRNAs in the proximal tubules, @entity11573 and @entity13545 mRNAs were present in the distal tubules, glomeruli, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Proximal tubules adjacent to corticomedullary junctions expressed @entity11573 , @entity13543 , and @entity13544 mRNA. Immunolocalization studies revealed predominant localization of hCNTs in the brush-border membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells and hENTs in the basolateral membrane of the distal tubular epithelial cells. Chorionic villi sections of @entity1 term placenta expressed mRNAs and proteins for @entity11573 and @entity13545 but only mRNA for @entity13544 . Immunolocalization studies showed presence of @entity11573 in the brush-border membrane of the syncytiotrophoblasts. These data are critical for a better understanding of the role of @entity2353 transporters in the physiological and pharmacological effects of @entity2642 and @entity2353 drugs, respectively.

title: In situ hybridization and immunolocalization of concentrative and equilibrative @entity2353 transporters in the XXXX intestine, liver, kidneys, and placenta.

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1007 is the result of an imbalance between two basic @entity165 homeostatic mechanisms. One is related to intercellular and the other to extracellular @entity165 homeostasis. The @entity1 organism gives always absolute priority to the intracellular homeostasis. The naturally occurring balance between both systems can be disturbed: 1) By genetic factors, one of them located on chromosome 19 and governing the number of LDL-receptors on the cell membrane (liver, arterial wall, adrenals, fibroblasts, etc.). Total genetic absence of malfunction of LDL-receptors is seen in homozygote @entity753 , with @entity63 heart disease between ages 2 and 25. Less harmful situations arise from heterozygote @entity753 and from other @entity74 (among them those located at the gene of @entity2204 on chromosome 19 and of @entity1675 on chromosome 11). 2) By nutritional factors decreasing or totally blocking the number of active LDL-receptors. This has been demonstrated in the @entity95 , hamster, @entity235 , @entity3474 and @entity1 . Overloading the organism with dietary @entity165 and saturated fat is one extremely common factor in western societies. Certain fats (omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated, and @entity3952 ) may be beneficial. Other factors are generally of lesser importance. 3) By a combination in different proportions of 1) and 2). Severe dietary overloading with @entity165 and saturated fat in the @entity95 results in early @entity731 resembling almost totally those produced by the genetic absence of LDL-receptors (Watanabe @entity95 ). In @entity1 from western countries the serum LDL-level is more related to environmental factors, whereas the HDL-level is more related to genetic factors. Age is an important factor integrating the effects of genetics and environmental deviations. The influence of sex is also important. Serum @entity165 in western countries is increasing markedly with age, but this growth of serum @entity165 with age is totally different between sexes. Serum @entity165 is on the average only equal in both sexes at ages 3, 10, 25 and 50. It is higher in males between ages 25 and 50 and higher in females between ages 3 to 10, 10 to 25 and above 50 years. In general females are less susceptible to higher cholesterolemia than males except at very old ages (above 80-85 years). Together with other observations of sex linked differences this points to the influence of a sex linked chromosome, most probably the X-chromosome. The susceptibility of females in a given population decreases with decreasing levels of @entity166 , the opposite is true for males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Mechanisms of @entity1007 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity320 is still increasing in fair-skinned populations. At least 80% of @entity1 have @entity66 and expect a 5-year relative survival of >90%. @entity1 AND METHODS: In 2003-2004, disease-free @entity1 with localised @entity320 were recruited from the Munich Cancer Registry to answer quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaires 2 years after treatment. RESULTS: A response rate of 72% was achieved from a total of 1085 distributed questionnaires. Hundred and seventeen questionnaires had to be excluded because of updated information about secondary @entity5 and progression events. Thus, questionnaires from 664 @entity1 were evaluated. QoL scores in @entity320 @entity1 were essentially similar to those of a general population. Differences were detected between @entity1 and @entity1 concerning emotional and sexual functioning. Age and number of comorbidities were the strongest factors influencing most all aspects of QoL. Fifty percent of @entity1 referred to deficits in communication with their doctors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who overcome @entity320 do not necessarily have a reduced QoL. Strategies used by these @entity320 @entity1 resulted in similar levels of coping as previous studies in comparable general populations. Nevertheless, doctor- @entity1 communication was correlated with emotional and social functioning and should be emphasised in treatment and care of @entity320 @entity1 .

title: Quality of life in localised malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localised disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: In this experiment utilizing @entity235 @entity825 we determined the effect of @entity460 concentration in the bathing media on the kinetics of secretion of @entity597 incorporated into mucous glycoprotein. The results showed that in eight tracheas the secretion rate of 269 +/- 65 pmol SO4 . cm-2 . hr-1 (mean +/- SE) of tissues bathed in solution lacking @entity460 throughout the experiment was significantly less than the rate of 526 +/- 87 pmol SO4 . cm-2 . hr-1 of tissues bathed in solution containing 1.9 mM @entity141 . When tissues bathed in 1.9 mM @entity141 were incubated with 35SO4 to a constant secretion rate and then placed in 0 mM @entity141 solution, the secretion of incorporated @entity597 was unchanged relative to tissues bathed 1.9 mM @entity141 throughout the experiment. Pool size of 727 +/- 150 pmol SO4/cm2 in tissues incubated in 0 mM @entity141 throughout the experiment was significantly less than the pool size of 1,069 +/- 190 pmol SO4/cm2 in 1.9 mM @entity141 solutions. This study showed that either the uptake of @entity597 and/or biosynthetic pool size of @entity597 incorporated into mucous glycoproteins was decreased in solution lacking @entity460 . However, release of @entity597 incorporated into mucous glycoprotein in the lumen was independent of @entity460 in the external bathing media.

title: Effect of @entity460 on sulfated mucous glycoprotein secretion in XXXX @entity825 .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The molecular basis and characteristics of @entity259 are poorly understood. In this study, we performed microRNA (miRNA) profiling of familial and sporadic @entity3557 samples. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Genome wide miRNA profiling of sporadic and familial @entity3557 was performed. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Ectopic expression of miR-886-3p in @entity259 lines was performed to identify pathways targeted by the miRNA, as well as, to determine its effect on @entity5 cell biology. We found four differentially expressed miRNAs between familial and sporadic @entity3557 samples. MiR-886-3p and @entity8397 were validated to be differentially expressed by 3- and 4-fold, respectively. Pathway analysis of genome-wide expression data on cells overexpressing miR-886-3p and target prediction analysis showed genes involved in DNA replication and focal adhesion pathways were regulated by miR-886-3p. Overexpression of miR-886-3p in @entity259 cell lines significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, the number and size of spheroids and cellular migration. Additionally, overexpression of miR-886-3p increased the number of cells in S phase. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings for the first time suggest that miR-886-3p plays an important role in @entity259 @entity5 cell biology and regulates genes involved in DNA replication and focal adhesion. Thus, miR-886-3p may play a role in the initiation and or progression of @entity3557 .

title: MiR-886-3p regulates cell proliferation and migration, and is dysregulated in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer tumor', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'familial non-medullary thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['familial non-medullary thyroid cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 68-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with advanced @entity356 with a type 3 deep @entity1066 of the middle stomach by endoscopy. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed multiple lymph node @entity3 and peritoneal disseminations. The clinical stage was determined to be T4a(SE), N2P1M1(PER), H0 and stage IV . A gastrectomy was scheduled after 2 courses of S-1 plus @entity901 (SOX)with curative intent. On day 3 after initiatingSOX therapy, the @entity1 complained of severe @entity490 . Because the abdominal CT scan showed intra-abdominal free air and a defect in the gastric wall, we performed an emergency total gastrectomy. The defect in the gastric wall was about 1 cm in diameter and was located in the anterior wall of the lower body, consistent with the center of the @entity5 . The operative findings suggested that the perforation was caused by chemotherapy-induced @entity39 of @entity356 cells. The @entity1 was discharged 16 days after surgery and received post-operative chemotherapy. Our findings suggest that the risk of @entity356 should be considered when administeringchemotherapy to @entity1 with advanced @entity356 and a deep @entity1066 .

title: [Highly Advanced XXXX Leading to Immediate Perforation on Day Three of Chemotherapy with S-1 plus @entity901 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric perforation']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefit gained from administration of the antiendotoxic drug, @entity20398 , on outcome in @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity1850 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. SETTING: The general intensive therapy unit in a university teaching hospital. @entity1 : One hundred @entity1 admitted with @entity1850 over a 2-yr period. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomized to receive the @entity535 derivative, @entity20398 , or an identically presented placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), @entity295 , and organ failure scores were measured daily. Blood for culture and endotoxin assay (using the limulus amoebocyte lysate assay) was sampled every 12 hrs for up to 5 days. Hemodynamic variables were recorded every 4 hrs. Forty-nine @entity1 received @entity20398 and 51 @entity1 received placebo. There was no difference in APACHE II score, Sepsis Score, or presence of infections between the groups. The frequency of @entity2259 was low at 12%. There was no difference in endotoxin activity, clinical or bacteriologic outcome, resolution of organ failure, or mortality rate between groups. Predicted risk of @entity204 for @entity1 receiving @entity20398 was 45%, and the actual mortality rate was 44%. In the group that received placebo, the predicted mortality rate was 38% and the actual mortality rate was 39%. CONCLUSION: @entity20398 had no beneficial therapeutic effect on the outcome of @entity1 admitted to the intensive therapy unit with @entity1850 , using clinical, bacteriologic outcomes, progression of @entity5694 , resolution of organ failure, and 28-day mortality rate as end points.

title: Effect of the antiendotoxic agent, @entity20398 , in the treatment of XXXX : a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity20398 :: ('MESH:C012566', 'Chemical') :: ['Taurolidine', 'taurolidine']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Gram-negative bacteremia']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['sepsis syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4210 is the causative agent of @entity1 granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in @entity1 and @entity221 ( @entity221 ) in ruminants. The bacterium invades and replicates in phagocytes, especially in polymorphonuclear granulocytes. METHODS: In the present study, skin biopsies and ticks (Ixodes ricinus) were collected from tick feeding lesions on 38 grazing @entity742 between two and three weeks after access to pastures. The histopathological changes associated with tick bites and A. phagocytophilum @entity281 , were described. In addition the skin biopsies were examined by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, samples from blood, skin biopsies and ticks were examined by serology, PCR amplification of msp2 (p44), genotyping of rrs (16S rRNA) variants, and compared with the results obtained from histological and immunohistochemical investigations. RESULTS: Tick bites were associated with chronic and hyperplastic inflammatory @entity272 in this study. A. phagocytophilum present in @entity272 were mainly associated with neutrophils and macrophages. Bacteria were occasionally observed in the Tunica media and Tunica adventitia of small vessels, but were rarely found in association with endothelial cells. PCR and genotyping of organisms present in blood, ticks and skin biopsies suggested a haematogenous and a local spread of organisms at the tick attachment sites. CONCLUSIONS: The present study describes different aspects of A. phagocytophilum @entity281 at the site of tick bite, and indicates that A. phagocytophilum rarely associates with endothelium during the early pathogenesis of @entity281 .

title: A morphological and molecular study of XXXX transmission events at the time of Ixodes ricinus tick bite.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne fever', 'TBF']

entities_list: @entity4210 :: ('948', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']

answer: @entity4210 :: (948,Species) :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Microcytic @entity150 or @entity150 (SCC) is a rare entity, characterised by an aggressive behaviour, with a poor prognosis, elevated metastatic potential, and is commonly found in older @entity1 and in advanced disease stages. Here we present our experiences with the behaviour of the disease and the treatments applied. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a retrospective study on @entity1 diagnosed with bladder SCC in our hospital between February 1992 and February 2014. We analysed the demographic and clinical characteristics of the @entity5 , the applied treatments and survival. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis of the median follow-up time, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS), using the SPSS statistical package v. 15.0. RESULTS: Over 22 years, 20 @entity1 with an average age of 75 years were diagnosed with bladder SCC (2 female). The predominant symptom was macroscopic haematuria (75%). After the first transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder and the histological diagnosis, 35% (7 @entity1 ) did not receive additional treatment, 15% (3 @entity1 ) were treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), 10% (2 @entity1 ) with TUR, 15% (3 @entity1 ) with chemotherapy (QT), 5% (1 @entity1 ) with TUR associated to CRT, 5% (1 @entity1 ) with radical surgery, 5% (1 @entity1 ) with radical surgery treatment followed by adjuvant CRT, 5% (1 @entity1 ) with palliative surgery (hypogastric arteriae ligation) followed by adjuvant QT and 5% (1 @entity1 ) with hemostatic radiotherapy (RT). With a median follow-up time of 13.8 months, the @entity1349 was 14.48 months (95% CI: 6.22 - 22.75) and the CSS 18.04 months (95% CI: 6.51-29.57). Only 10% (2 @entity1 ) survived till the end of the study. CONCLUSION: Microcytic @entity150 is a rare and aggressive entity commonly diagnosed in males of advanced age and in advanced disease stages. It has a poor prognosis and reduced survival. Due to its @entity146 previous to the initial diagnosis, a cystectomy is only possible in very few cases; therefore multimodal treatment is necessary. This treatment is yet to be defined.

title: Microcytic XXXX : Experience over 22 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder', 'bladder Small Cell Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall Survival']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the post- @entity1 's Health Initiative Study era few post-menopausal @entity1 complete long term @entity34 ( @entity34 ). OBJECTIVE: To analyse metabolic/hormonal parameters and frequency of the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) in post-menopausal @entity1 after 10 years of @entity34 . METHODS: Retrospective data from parallel cohorts of post-menopausal @entity1 receiving @entity34 for 10 years was analysed. Regimens included: transdermal @entity53 (50 microg) (n=22), sequential cyclic @entity34 with transdermal @entity53 (50 microg) plus 200 mg/day micronized oral @entity1420 (cycle days 12-25) (n=83), or continuous combined @entity34 with transdermal @entity53 (50 microg) plus 100 mg/day micronized oral @entity1420 (n=46). A group of @entity1 who elected not to use @entity34 served as a control group (n=35). RESULTS: Frequency of the @entity209 did not significantly increase after 10 years of @entity34 . @entity53 and @entity443 ( @entity443 ) levels displayed a significant increase compared to baseline after 10 years of @entity34 (all regimens). These values were significant higher when compared to the control group. @entity413 levels were significantly higher after 10 years in @entity1 receiving the sequential cyclic regimen. Although not reaching statistical significance, there was a trend for transdermal @entity53 alone to increase HDL-C and decrease @entity412 levels. CONCLUSION: Serum @entity53 and @entity443 levels were significantly higher after 10 years of transdermal @entity53 , alone or combined with micronized oral @entity1420 , without differences observed in serum metabolic parameters. More research through randomised clinical trials is required.

title: Metabolic and hormonal parameters in post-menopausal @entity1 10 years after transdermal XXXX treatment, alone or combined to micronized oral @entity1420 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['METS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hormonal treatment']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: A case of @entity1494 in a 47 year old Japanese male @entity1 is presented. @entity1494 is a benign but rare proliferative lesion of the @entity10700 , easily mistaken for a @entity5 . Based on the clinical diagnosis of @entity150 by cystoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), urologists started chemotherapy before results of the histological report were available which described @entity6437 on the biopsy. Biopsied materials showed marked proliferation of irregularly bundled spindle cells, varied in size and shape and separated in severe loose myxoid stroma with moderate infiltration of the inflammatory cells and capillary proliferations. At a glance, these findings resemble the sarcomatous pattern. However neither severe nuclear atypism nor atypical mitoses were present. Immunohistochemically, these spindle cells, which were positive for @entity2277 and alpha-smooth muscle actin, showed a diffuse aberrant expression of cytokeratin. Some of them were positive for @entity8530 hematoxylin. Electron microscopy revealed only the fibroblasts. No recurrence has been observed for 10 months. These findings indicate that @entity6437 is a benign mesenchymal lesion that must be discriminated from true @entity242 to avoid subjecting the @entity1 to unnecessary therapy. Only careful histological examination can enable a successful diagnosis.

title: XXXX with an aberrant expression of cytokeratin.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder', 'inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity8530 :: ('MESH:D010772', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotungstic acid']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity10700 :: ('MESH:C563509', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal stroma']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Intravesical @entity9381 ( @entity9381  ) is effective for idiopathic @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) symptoms. Our primary objective was to compare the efficacy of @entity9381 for @entity1 with de novo @entity2182 after midurethral sling (MUS) surgery and @entity1 with idiopathic @entity2182 . METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in this prospective study had idiopathic (n   =   53) or de novo (n   =   49) @entity2182 after MUS, with at least one episode of urgency urine @entity322 per day. @entity9381 (100  U) was administered in 20 intradetrusor injections. Postvoid residual volumes were checked at 2, 4 and 12 weeks. @entity1 completed a 3-day bladder diary and the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) before and 12  weeks after treatment. RESULTS: After 12  weeks, 22 @entity1 (41.5  %) in the idiopathic @entity2182 and 19 @entity1 (38.8  %) in the de novo @entity2182 groups were completely dry. @entity9381 injections had a significant benefit within both groups (p <0.001) to decrease both the daily numbers of voids (-2.39 and -2.0) and @entity322 episodes (-1.38 and -1.44), with no significant difference between groups. We observed an increase of mean voided volume of >90  ml in both groups. Urinary retention was observed in four @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We observed similar improvement in @entity2182 after intravesical @entity9381 injections within both groups. The rates of retention and requirement for catheterization even for @entity1 with a prior MUS were acceptable. These observational data provide evidence that @entity9381 can effectively treat @entity1 with @entity2182 following stress urinary @entity322 surgery.

title: Effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of de novo XXXX following midurethral sling surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity9381 :: ('MESH:C542870', 'Chemical') :: ['onabotulinumtoxinA', 'Botox', 'OnabotulinumtoxinA']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB symptoms', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['OAB symptoms']


abstract: Polymicrobial aerobic/anaerobic @entity2348 occur frequently and have been documented in most anatomic sites in the body. The etiology of these infections is endogenous in that the normal microbial flora that colonize the various mucosal surfaces of the body can be isolated from these infections after @entity130 to these membranes allowing these organisms access to normally sterile sites. Subsequently, the organisms begin to proliferate, causing extensive @entity3145 . These infections may spread to adjacent tissues or become loculated with @entity733 formation. In @entity1 judged to have severe @entity281 , surgery is often needed to debride the advancing spread of the @entity281 , remove loculated pus, and reestablish sufficient blood flow to deliver appropriate antimicrobial agents to the infected site. Choice of antimicrobial agents should include agents with activity against both aerobes and anaerobes. Although a variety of anaerobes can be isolated from these infections, the @entity2868 group is the most clinically important group of anaerobes because of the production of virulence factors and the high incidence of beta-lactamase production. Against the various @entity2868 group species, metronidazole remains a very active agent, whereas resistance rates to @entity3402 are high among the non- @entity2868 species. Because of the good activity of many @entity5898 / @entity12277 agents against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and moderate to good activity against anaerobes, these compounds remain as broad-spectrum choices for use in therapy of @entity325 . The addition of beta-lactamase inhibitors ( @entity7120 , @entity5899 , or @entity798 ) to various @entity3405 agents has increased their antimicrobial spectrum against certain groups of aerobes, and particularly against beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes, including the @entity2868 group. The choice of single-agent therapy of @entity325 is ideally based on local data of susceptibility patterns of the various aerobes and anaerobes involved in these infections.

title: The occurrence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12277 :: ('CHEBI:55429', 'Chemical') :: ['cephamycin']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

answer: @entity325 :: (MESH:D060085,Disease) :: ['polymicrobial infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity1556 , a new blood pressure category defined as systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mm Hg, are at an increased risk for @entity299 and are strongly recommended to practice lifestyle changes, including weight control. Data on impacts of long-term weight change on @entity1556 are sparse. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between weight change since age 20 and @entity1556 risk. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis of 36 075 non- @entity101 @entity1 aged 40-70 years, information on weight history was collected at enrollment in the Shanghai @entity1 's Health Study; blood pressures were measured 2-3 years later by medical professionals. The odds ratios (ORs) of @entity1556 were calculated for @entity1 who gained or lost weight since age 20 compared with those with stable weight ( @entity1017 or loss <5 kg), adjusting for age, lifestyle factors, @entity1372 intake and body mass index at age 20. RESULTS: A total of 47% of the study @entity1 (n=16 981) had @entity1556 . For a 6- to 10-kg @entity1017 , the OR (95% CI) was 1.36 (1.28-1.45); for 11- to 15-kg @entity1017 , 1.64 (1.54-1.75); for 16- to 20-kg @entity1017 , 2.32 (2.14-2.51); for 21- to 25-kg @entity1017 , 2.91 (2.60-3.26); and for a @entity1017 >25 kg; 3.65 (3.13-4.26). While for a 6- to 10-kg loss and a loss >10 kg, the respective ORs were 0.76 (0.67-0.87) and 0.47 (0.38-0.59). The increase in @entity1556 risk associated with each 1-kg @entity1017 was similar to that associated with a 1-year increase in age. Although @entity1017 during early adulthood appeared to have a more pronounced effect on the risk of @entity1556 , @entity1017 later in life also contributed significantly to an elevated risk. CONCLUSION: Weight @entity1017 since age 20 substantially increases risk for @entity1556 in non- @entity101 individuals, while weight loss significantly lowers the risk, emphasizing the importance of weight control throughout adulthood in preventing @entity101 .

title: Impacts of weight change on @entity1556 in middle-aged and elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain', 'gain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The optimal concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimen for definitive treatment of locoregionally advanced @entity135 remains to be determined. The present investigation reports @entity137 , disease control, patterns of failure, and survival outcomes in a large mature cohort of @entity1 treated with low-dose weekly @entity902 -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective single-institution series. METHODS: @entity137 and outcome data for locoregionally advanced @entity135 @entity1 treated with low-dose weekly @entity902 -based chemotherapy concurrent with standard fractionation radiotherapy were retrospectively collected and analyzed from a clinical database. Survival analysis methods, including Kaplan-Meier estimation and competing risks analysis, were used to assess locoregional disease control, freedom from failure, and overall survival. RESULTS: Ninety-six @entity1 were eligible for the present analysis. Nearly all @entity1 had American Joint Committee on @entity5 clinical stage III to @entity66 (99%). Severe acute @entity137 included grade 3 @entity33 (61%), grade 3/4 @entity390 (27%/1%), and grade 3 @entity1398 (8%). Thirty-seven @entity1 (38%) required hospitalization for a median of 7 days (range, 1-121). Ninety-two percent of @entity1 completed the fully prescribed course of radiotherapy, and 87% completed >or=6 cycles of chemotherapy. At a median survivor follow-up of 40 months (range, 8-68), 47% of @entity1 were without evidence of disease recurrence. The estimated 4-year freedom from failure and overall survival were 48% and 58%, respectively. Initial site(s) of disease failure were locoregional for 22 @entity1 , locoregional and distant (five @entity1 ), and distant only (14 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly low-dose @entity902 -based chemotherapy with full-dose daily radiotherapy is a tolerable alternative regimen for locoregionally advanced @entity135 , with comparable efficacy and patterns of failure to alternative regimens.

title: Low-dose weekly XXXX -based chemoradiation for advanced @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['IVB disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: The olive tree lacks dormancy and is low temperature sensitive, with differences in cold tolerance and oil quality among genotypes. The oil is produced in the drupe, and the @entity1474 contribute to its quality. The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship among development, cold response, expression of @entity844 desaturase (FAD) genes, and @entity5031 composition in drupes belonging to genotypes differing in leaf cold tolerance, but producing good oil (i.e. the non-hardy Moraiolo, the semi-hardy Frantoio, and the hardy Canino). In all genotypes, cold sensitivity, evaluated by cold-induced transient increases in cytosolic @entity460 , was high in the epi-mesocarp cells before oil body formation, and decreased during oil biogenesis. However, genotype-dependent differences in cold sensitivity appeared at the end of oil production. Genotype-dependent differences in FAD2.1, FAD2.2, FAD6, and FAD7 expression levels occurred in the epi-mesocarp cells during the oleogenic period. However, FAD2.1 and FAD7 were always the highest in the first part of this period. FAD2.2 and FAD7 increased after cold applications during oleogenesis, independently of the genotype. Unsaturated @entity1718 increased in the drupes of the non-hardy genotype, but not in those of the hardy one, after cold exposure at the time of the highest FAD transcription. The results show a direct relationship between FAD expression and lipid desaturation in the drupes of the cold-sensitive genotype, and an inverse relationship in those of the cold-resistant genotype, suggesting that drupe cold acclimation requires a fine FAD post-transcriptional regulation. Hypotheses relating FAD desaturation to storage and membrane lipids, and genotype @entity5032 are discussed.

title: Cold affects the transcription of @entity844 desaturases and oil quality in the fruit of Olea europaea L. genotypes with different XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['cold hardiness']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity5031 :: ('CHEBI:27208', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity5032 :: (MESH:C569627,Disease) :: ['cold hardiness']


abstract: From Dec. 1990 to Aug. 1991, 109 @entity1 with @entity1149 were randomized into two groups. The first was treated by hyperfractionated irradiation (HF) with 1.15-1.25Gy per fraction, twice daily (interval > or = 6 hrs between fractions), and total doses of 69.6 +/- 2.1Gy. The other was conventional irradiation ( @entity1577 ) with 1.8-2.0Gy per fraction, once a day, and total doses of 63.9 +/- 1.1Gy. All but 11 was included in the analysis. The results showed that HF, compared to @entity1577 , could improve immediate response rates in @entity1 with @entity957 or with @entity5 size of 3-6cm (P < 0.05). The comparison of 1 and 2 year survivals did not show significant difference, but 1 year local control rate was 47.3% in HF and 29.1% in @entity1577 , P < 0.05. Further stratified analysis showed that the 1 and 2 year local control rates in @entity1 of HF in stage I-IIIa were 54%, 28%; 39%, 13% in @entity1 of @entity1577 in stage I-IIIa, P < 0.05. The 1 and 2 year survival rates in @entity1 in stage I-IIIa were 64%, 32% in HF; 18%, 6% in @entity1577 , (P < 0.05). An assessment of acute and late @entity137 showed no significant difference in incidences between the two groups. It is concluded that HF, compared to @entity1577 , can improve 1 and 2 year survival and local control rates of @entity1 in stage I-IIIa.

title: [Hyperfractionated irradiation for XXXX ( @entity1149 )--a phase III clinical trial].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute bronchodilator responsiveness is an area of discussion in @entity1030 . No information exists regarding this aspect of the disease from an unselected @entity1030 population. We assessed acute bronchodilator responsiveness and factors influencing it in subjects with and without @entity1224 in an epidemiologic sample. METHODS: @entity1030 was defined by GOLD criteria (post-bronchodilator FEV(1)/FVC<0.70). In this analysis, subjects with pre-bronchodilator FEV(1)/FVC <0.70 but > or =0.70 post-bronchodilator were considered to have reversible @entity3885 . Bronchodilator responsiveness after @entity3045 200microg was assessed using three definitions: a) FVC and/or FEV(1) increment > or =12% plus > or =200mL over baseline; b) FEV(1)> or =15% increase over baseline; and c) FEV(1) increase > or =10% of predicted value. RESULTS: There were 756 healthy respiratory subjects, 481 subjects with reversible @entity3885 and 759 @entity1030 subjects. Depending on the criterion used the proportion of @entity1 with acute bronchodilator responsiveness ranged between 15.0-28.2% in @entity1030 , 11.4-21.6% in reversible obstructed and 2.7-7.2% in respiratory healthy. FEV(1) changes were lower (110.6+/-7.40 vs. 164.7+/-11.8mL) and FVC higher (146.5+/-14.2mL vs. -131.0+/-19.6mL) in @entity1030 subjects compared with reversible obstructed. Substantial overlap in FEV(1) and FVC changes was observed among the groups. Acute bronchodilator responsiveness in @entity1030 @entity1 was associated with @entity3885 . CONCLUSIONS: Over two-thirds of @entity1 with @entity1030 did not demonstrate acute bronchodilator responsiveness. The overall response was small and less than that considered as significant by ATS criteria. The overlap in FEV(1) and FVC changes after bronchodilator among the groups makes it difficult to determine a threshold for separating them.

title: Acute bronchodilator responsiveness in subjects with and without airflow XXXX in five Latin American cities: the PLATINO study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['less obstruction and never smoking', 'obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare evacuation under systemic @entity1337 ( @entity3575 and @entity1363 ) in a treatment room (ward group) with evacuation under general anaesthesia in theatre. DESIGN: A prospective randomised clinical trial. SETTING: A tertiary medical centre serving a black urban population. SUBJECTS: One hundred and forty-two @entity1 with @entity6003 . INTERVENTION: Randomisation into two groups, those for evacuation under systemic @entity1337 and those for evacuation under general anaesthesia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Both groups were compared in terms of safety, efficacy, acceptability, blood consumption and time delay between admission and evacuation. RESULTS: Significantly less blood was used in the ward group (37 units for 13 @entity1 ) than in the theatre group (65 units for 24 @entity1 ) (P < 0.03). Significantly less time was taken between admission and evacuation in the ward group (median 7 hours 15 minutes) than in the theatre group (median 12 hours 38 minutes) (P < 0.0003). Evacuation under @entity3575 and @entity1363 was safe, effective and acceptable for the majority of @entity1 compared with evacuation under general anaesthesia. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6003 (uterine size equivalent to a pregnancy of 14 weeks' duration or less) can undergo evacuation safely and effectively under @entity3575 and @entity1363 and have a significantly smaller chance of requiring a blood transfusion.

title: Is ward evacuation for uncomplicated @entity6003 under systemic XXXX safe and effective? A randomised clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6003 :: ('MESH:D000027', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated incomplete abortions']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: In the era of fast genome sequencing a critical goal is to develop genome-wide quantitative molecular approaches. Here, we present a metaproteogenomic strategy to integrate proteomics and metabolomics data for systems level analysis in the recently sequenced unicellular green algae @entity2060 . To achieve a representative proteome coverage we analysed different growth conditions with protein prefractionation and shotgun proteomics. For protein identification, different genome annotations as well as new gene model predictions with stringent peptide filter criteria were used. An overlapping proteome coverage of 25%, consistent for all databases, was determined. The data are stored in a public mass spectral reference database ProMEX (http://www.promexdb.org/home.shtml). A set of proteotypic peptides comprising Calvin cycle, photosynthetic apparatus, starch synthesis, glycolysis, @entity2974 cycle, @entity505 concentrating mechanisms (CCM) and other pathways was selected from this database for targeted proteomics (Mass Western). Rapid subcellular fractionation in combination with targeted proteomics allowed for measuring subcellular protein concentrations in attomole per 1000 cells. From the same samples metabolite concentrations and metabolic fluxes by stable isotope incorporation were analyzed. Differences were found in the growth-dependent crosstalk of chloroplastidic and mitochondrial metabolism. A Mass Western survey of all detectable carbonic anhydrases partially involved in @entity505 -concentrating mechanism (CCM) revealed highest internal cell concentrations for a specific low- @entity515 -inducible mitochondrial CAH isoform. This indicates its role as one of the strongest @entity515 -responsive proteins in the crosstalk of air-adapted mixotrophic chloroplast and mitochondrial metabolism in @entity2060 .

title: Targeted proteomics for XXXX combined with rapid subcellular protein fractionation, metabolomics and metabolic flux analyses.

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

answer: @entity2060 :: (3055,Species) :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus @entity416 in treating metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with mCRC (6 females and 5 males) were enrolled in this study. Bevacizumab was given with 5 mg/kg every two weeks in five @entity1 , 10 mg/kg every two weeks in four @entity1 and 15 mg/kg every three weeks in two @entity1 . All @entity1 received @entity416 2000 mg/m2 per day for 14 days. RESULTS: Five of 11 @entity1 had partial response and five @entity1 had stable disease and two @entity1 had progressive disease. The disease control rate was 90.9%. The progress-free survival were 4 months and the median overall survival time were 15 months. The adverse events related to bevacizumab were grade 2 @entity101 in 3 @entity1 (27.3%) and grade 1 or 2 @entity644 in 4 @entity1 (36.4%). Other adverse events such as @entity33 , @entity1295 , subcutaneous @entity548 were also observed. No @entity1031 or severe @entity548 happened. No other grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed.The adverse events in the combined therapy were hand-foot-syndrome (54.6%), @entity294 (27.3%), and @entity1398 (18.2%), mainly due to @entity416 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of bevacizumab plus @entity416 has definite benefit in @entity1 with mCRC. However,these benefits can not be maintained after the withdrawal of bevacizumab. The adverse drug reactions are well tolerated.

title: [Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus @entity416 for metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Melasma is an acquired @entity74 that most commonly occurs in @entity1 of @entity1 -bearing age. Melasma is therapeutically challenging, and most commercially available hypopigmenting agents include @entity11442 inhibitors, which regulate the rate-limiting step of melanogenesis. @entity24703 has received considerable attention as a novel hypopigmenting agent in the last 15 years because it has an inhibitory effect against @entity11442 and @entity18259 . However, the hypopigmenting effect of @entity24703 in @entity1 subjects has only been shown in a few studies. Liposome encapsulation is known to improve stabilization and enhance penetration of the product. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the hypopigmenting efficacy and safety of liposome-encapsulated @entity24703 0.1% cream in @entity1 with @entity1709 . This was a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled and split-face comparison study. Twenty-three @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity1709 were included. @entity24703 0.1% cream or vehicle was applied to each side of the face twice daily for 8 weeks. Clinical and photographic evaluations, Mexameter measurements and assessment of @entity1 satisfaction and side-effects were performed at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. All subjects completed the study. Mexameter measurements demonstrated that the melanin index of the @entity24703 -treated side showed a significant decrease when compared with the vehicle-treated side after 8 weeks (P = 0.043). No adverse reactions were observed throughout the study. Subjectively, @entity24703 was considered to be efficacious in more than 60% of the @entity1 after 8 weeks of treatment. In conclusion, liposome-encapsulated @entity24703 0.1% cream was well tolerated and showed significant higher efficacy than vehicle alone for the treatment of @entity1709 .

title: Efficacy and safety of liposome-encapsulated XXXX 0.1% cream for the treatment of @entity1709 : a randomized controlled split-face trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity24703 :: ('MESH:C508220', 'Chemical') :: ['4-n-butylresorcinol', '4-n-Butylresorcinol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary disorder']

entities_list: @entity18259 :: ('7306', 'Gene') :: ['tyrosinase-related protein-1']

answer: @entity24703 :: (MESH:C508220,Chemical) :: ['4-n-butylresorcinol']


abstract: We examined the management options used for @entity1415 of varying severity in @entity1 with @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ) to develop a treatment algorithm. Fifty @entity1 with @entity1884 were studied from 1991 to 1997 to consider various treatment options and their relative efficacy. There were 28 females and 22 @entity1 ; their ages ranged from 15 to 85. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 6 years. A wide variety of treatments had been used (including various forms of cautery, septal surgery, topical and systemic hormones, antifibrinolytic therapy, arterial ligation, laser therapy, and closure of the nostrils). Treatments used during the follow-up period were argon laser therapy (40), systemic @entity172 or @entity1420 (17), septodermoplasty (12), or closure of the nostrils (14). @entity1 were divided into those with mild to moderate disease (requiring one or no blood transfusions during the course of their illness) and those with severe disease (requiring more than one blood transfusion). Using this broad categorization, those with mild to moderate disease did well with sequential argon laser therapy with or without the adjunct of septodermoplasty or hormone therapy. Those with severe disease did not find argon laser therapy beneficial but found their @entity1415 completely stopped with closure of the nasal cavities. Based on these findings, a simple treatment algorithm defines the optimum treatment options for @entity1415 in this difficult-to-treat group of @entity1 .

title: A treatment algorithm for the management of @entity1415 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia', 'HHT']

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']


abstract: @entity5392 ( @entity5392 ) has been shown to modulate the in vitro and in vivo survival, proliferation and differentiation of many neuronal cell types. Evidence indicates that it produces most if not all these effects by binding to a receptor subunit referred to as the @entity5392 receptor alpha component ( @entity20959 ). We cloned a cDNA encoding part of the @entity35 @entity20959 and used it in Northern analyses to study @entity20959 mRNA expression. Examination of various tissues of embryonic day 18 and postnatal day 14 @entity35 indicated that @entity20959 mRNA is primarily but not exclusively expressed in brain at these stages of development. Further studies revealed that the @entity20959 transcripts are present throughout brain development from embryonic day 12 to adulthood and display a widespread distribution in the adult brain. A survey of rodent cell lines detected highest @entity20959 mRNA concentrations in neuronal lines and a low concentration in a Schwann cell derived line. @entity20959 mRNA was not detected in fibroblast lines and a @entity11 line. Finally, nerve growth factor treatment decreased @entity20959 mRNA levels in PC12 cells. This result demonstrates that signal transduction processes activated by a neurotrophin can influence @entity5392 activated signal transduction processes. Such cross-talk may play an important in vivo role in the development and maintenance of the many neuronal cell types that are responsive to both neurotrophins and @entity5392 .

title: XXXX receptor alpha mRNA expression in rodent cell lines and developing @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5392 :: ('25707(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CNTF', 'Ciliary neurotrophic factor']

answer: @entity5392 :: (25707(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CNTF']


abstract: The elective conversion of renal allograft recipients from @entity205 (CsA) to @entity500 and @entity617 has the advantage that the long-term risk of CsA nephrotoxicity is reduced, but it may precipitate a rejection episode. We have monitored this period by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in 24 @entity1 undergoing conversion of immunosuppression 6 months after transplantation. As expected the serum @entity1011 and alkaline phosphatase were significantly reduced and the mean @entity1011 clearance was significantly increased after conversion. FNAC exhibited increased mononuclear cellular infiltration in 13 of the 24 @entity1 . In nine @entity1 there was a transient infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes without changes in the normal parameters of renal function. In four others 'blast' cell infiltration was evident in association with rejection episodes. All four responded to pulsed doses of @entity1667 . However, two other @entity1 had late rejection episodes (2 and 6 months after conversion) which were @entity134 resistant and required reintroduction of CsA. No grafts were lost (median follow-up 9 months). This study has shown that although overt rejection occurred in only 16.6% of @entity1 , cellular infiltration was present in over 50% during conversion of immunosuppression. FNAC failed to identify clearly the @entity1 at risk of rejection during conversion of therapy.

title: Fine-needle aspiration cytology monitoring of elective conversion from @entity205 to XXXX and @entity617 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide clinicians, @entity1 , and the general public with a responsible assessment of the effective approaches to treat @entity4784 . @entity1 : A nonfederal, nonadvocate, 12-member panel representing the fields of psychology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, family medicine, drug abuse, epidemiology, and the public. In addition, 25 experts from these same fields presented data to the panel and a conference audience of 600. Presentations and discussions were divided into 3 phases over 2 1/2 days: (1) presentations by investigators working in the areas relevant to the consensus questions during a 2-day public session; (2) questions and statements from conference attendees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session; and (3) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second day and morning of a third day. The conference was organized and supported by the Office of Medical Applications of Research, National Institutes of Health. EVIDENCE: The literature was searched through MEDLINE and other National Library of Medicine and online databases from January 1994 through September 1997 and an extensive bibliography of 941 references was provided to the panel and the conference audience. Experts prepared abstracts for their presentations as speakers at the conference with relevant citations from the literature. Scientific evidence was given precedence over clinical anecdotal experience. CONSENSUS PROCESS: The panel, answering predefined questions, developed its conclusions based on the scientific evidence presented in open forum and the scientific literature. The panel composed a draft statement that was read in its entirety and circulated to the experts and the audience for comment. Thereafter, the panel resolved conflicting recommendations and released a revised statement at the end of the conference. The panel finalized the revisions within a few weeks after the conference. The draft statement was made available on the World Wide Web immediately following its release at the conference and was updated with the panel's final revisions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4784 is a brain-related medical disorder that can be effectively treated with significant benefits for the @entity1 and society, and society must make a commitment to offer effective treatment for @entity4784 to all who need it. All @entity1 dependent on opiates should have access to @entity284 maintenance therapy under legal supervision, and the US Office of National Drug Control Policy and the US Department of Justice should take the necessary steps to implement this recommendation. There is a need for improved training for physicians and other health care professionals. Training to determine diagnosis and treatment of @entity4784 should also be improved in medical schools. The unnecessary regulations of @entity284 maintenance therapy and other long-acting opiate agonist treatment programs should be reduced, and coverage for these programs should be a required benefit in public and private insurance programs.

title: Effective medical treatment of @entity4784 . National Consensus Development Panel on Effective Medical Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['Opiate dependence', 'opiate dependence']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone hydrochloride', 'methadone']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['Opiate Addiction']


abstract: The effect of artificial @entity12069 and F. culmorum @entity281 at the level of the proteome on grains of naked @entity2247 ( @entity18126 ) was investigated in comparison to naturally infected samples. Fusarium @entity281 in @entity2247 led to numerous host-specific biochemical responses. NEPHGE 2-D PAGE and @entity15 were used to identify proteins that were differentially expressed in response to @entity364 and growing location of the plants. Moreover, the mycotoxin concentration of the grains was evaluated to characterize the @entity281 degree. Inoculation of naked @entity2247 with Fusarium led to grain @entity12070 concentrations of up to 1.2   mg/kg. The @entity505 and @entity1568 grain concentrations were not significantly changed after @entity364 , but differed between growing locations. Eleven proteins related to @entity364 were detected as were three proteins with effects based on growing location. These proteins belong to different protein groups involved in various cell functions: transcription regulation, defence response, nutrient reservoirs and starch biosynthesis. The results gave indications on plant defence strategies and changes as response to Fusarium @entity281 in mature grains after a long @entity281 period as well as being influenced by the growing location.

title: Proteome analysis of Fusarium head blight in grains of naked @entity2247 ( @entity2247 subsp. XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity12070 :: ('MESH:C007262', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxynivalenol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity18126 :: ('112509', 'Species') :: ['Hordeum vulgare subsp. nudum']

entities_list: @entity12069 :: ('5518', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium graminearum']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

answer: @entity18126 :: (112509,Species) :: ['nudum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) has been advocated as an alternative to redo surgery for @entity1 with post-carotid endarterectomy (CEA) @entity850 . This study compares early and late clinical outcomes for both groups. METHODS: This study analyzes 192 @entity1 : 72 had reoperation (Group A) and 120 had @entity2998 for post-CEA @entity850 (Group B). @entity1 were followed prospectively and had duplex ultrasounds at 1 month, and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. The perioperative complications (perioperative @entity64 , @entity583 / @entity204 , @entity128 ) and 4-year end points were analyzed. A Kaplan-Meier lifetable analysis was used to estimate rates of freedom from @entity64 , @entity64 -free survival, >= 50% restenosis, and >= 80% restenosis. RESULTS: Demographic/clinical characteristics were comparable for both groups, except for @entity6 and @entity453 , which were significantly higher in Group B. The indications for reoperations were transient @entity63 attacks/ @entity64 in 72% for Group A versus 57% for Group B (P=.0328). The mean follow-up was 33 months (range, 1-86 months) for Group A and 24 months (range, 1-78 months) for Group B (P=.0026). The proportion of early (<24 months) carotid restenosis prior to intervention was 51% in Group A versus 27% in Group B (P=.0013). The perioperative @entity64 rates were 3% and 1%, respectively (P=.5573). There were no @entity583 or deaths in either group. The overall incidence of @entity128 was 14% for Group A versus 0% for Group B (P<.0001). However, there was no statistical difference between the groups relating to permanent @entity128 (1% versus 0%). The combined early and late @entity64 rates for Groups A and B were 3% and 2%, respectively (P=.6347). The @entity64 -free rates at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years for Groups A and B were 97%, 97%, 97%, and 97% and 98%, 98%, 98%, and 98%, respectively (P=.6490). The @entity64 -free survival rates were not significantly different. The rates of freedom from >= 50% restenosis at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were 98%, 95%, 95%, and 95% for Group A versus 95%, 89%, 80%, and 72% for Group B (P=.0175). The freedom from >= 80% restenosis at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years for Groups A and B were 98%, 97%, 97%, and 97% versus 99%, 96%, 92%, and 87%, respectively (P=.2281). Four @entity1 (one symptomatic) in Group B had reintervention for >= 80% restenosis. The rate of freedom from reintervention for Groups A and B were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% versus 94%, 89%, 83%, and 79%, respectively (P=.0634). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2998 is as safe as redo CEA. Redo CEA has a higher incidence of transient @entity128 ; however, @entity2998 has a higher incidence of >= 50% in-stent restenosis.

title: XXXX outcomes are equivalent to carotid endarterectomy outcomes for @entity1 with post-carotid endarterectomy @entity850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'Carotid artery stenting']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['Carotid artery stenting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A failure rate between 20% and 45.5% after retrourethral transobturator sling (RTS) is reported. Recommendations for the management of persistent or recurrent postprostatectomy @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) after failed male sling do not exist. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the prospective evaluation of the efficacy of repeat RTS (RRTS) in @entity1 after failed first RTS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Between March 2007 and August 2009, 35 @entity1 with mild to severe @entity3142 after failed first RTS were treated with a second AdVance sling (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, USA). MEASUREMENTS: Preoperative and postoperative evaluation included daily pad use, 1-hr pad test, postvoiding residual (PVR) urine, uroflowmetry, and quality-of-life (QoL) scores. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: After 6 mo, 45.5% (15 of 33 @entity1 ) showed no pad use; 30.3% (10 of 33 @entity1 ), one dry "security" pad; 3% (1 of 33 @entity1 ), one wet pad; 6.1% (2 of 33 @entity1 ), two pads; 3% (1 of 33 @entity1 ), pad reduction >= 50%; and 12.1% (4 of 33 @entity1 ), treatment failure. After 16.6 mo, 34.5% (10 of 29 @entity1 ) showed no pad use; 37.9% (11 of 29 @entity1 ), one dry "security" pad; 3.4% (1 of 29 @entity1 ), one wet pad; 3.4% (1 of 29 @entity1 ), two pads; 10.3% (3 of 29 @entity1 ), pad reduction >= 50%; and 10.4% (3 of 29 @entity1 ), treatment failure. Daily pad use and pad weight decreased significantly. PVR and uroflowmetry results showed no significant change. QoL improved significantly. Postoperative acute urinary retention was observed in 23.6% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: RRTS is an effective and safe treatment option for the management of @entity3142 after failed first RTS.

title: Repeat retrourethral transobturator sling in the management of recurrent postprostatectomy XXXX after failed first male sling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress urinary incontinence']


abstract: There is need for sensitive, rapid, species-specific diagnosis of @entity4801 because traditional methods are tedious and time-consuming, with little guarantee of species specificity. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was developed using the Hha I family of highly repeated DNA sequences from Brugia. The assay was tested on 124 @entity1 blood samples collected in a field study in Indonesia. These included 66 microfilaria-positive samples from @entity1 in an area endemic for Brugia, 30 from healthy individuals from the same endemic area, and 28 from healthy individuals from a nonendemic area. Twenty-eight blood samples collected in a village in French Polynesia endemic for @entity10065 , but not @entity2757 , were also tested. The blood samples were screened using the traditional blood smear and membrane filtration methods, which served as the gold standards to which the PCR assay was compared. The samples were digested with proteinase K, extracted with @entity3971 and @entity3636 , and dialyzed. A fraction of the dialyzed product was used in PCRs using Hha I-specific primers. The PCR assay correctly identified all of the microfilaria-positive samples as PCR positive and all of the nonendemic samples as PCR negative. Additionally, 26 of 30 samples from healthy individuals in the endemic area were also identified as PCR negative, while four were PCR positive. It is likely that these four individuals had very low-level or cryptic infections, and that the PCR assay detected circulating DNA released from dead filariae. The results indicate that the Hha I PCR detection system is rapid, species-specific, and sensitive.

title: A polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of XXXX in blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['Brugia filarial parasites']

answer: @entity2757 :: (6279,Species) :: ['Brugia malayi']


abstract: Each year in the United States, 280 @entity1 die from bicycle crashes and 144,000 are treated for @entity542 from bicycling. Although bicycle helmets reduce the risk of @entity542 by 85 percent, few @entity1 wear them. To help guide the choice of strategy to promote helmet use among @entity1 ages 5 to 16 years, the cost effectiveness of legislative, communitywide, and school-based approaches was assessed. A societal perspective was used, only direct costs were included, and a 4-year period after program startup was examined. National age-specific injury rates and an attributable risk model were used to estimate the expected number of bicycle-related @entity542 and @entity204 in localities with and without a program. The percentage of @entity1 who wore helmets increased from 4 to 47 in the legislative program, from 5 to 33 in the community program, and from 2 to 8 in the school program. Two programs had similar cost effectiveness ratios per @entity542 avoided. The legislative program had a  36,643 cost and the community-based one,  37,732, while the school-based program had a cost of  144,498 per @entity542 avoided. The community program obtained its 33 percent usage gradually over the 4 years, while the legislative program resulted in an immediate increase in usage, thus, considering program characteristics and overall results, the legislative program appears to be the most cost-effective. The cost of helmets was the most influential factor on the cost-effectiveness ratio. The year 2000 health objectives call for use of helmets by 50 percent of bicyclists. Since helmet use in all these programs is less than 50 percent, new or combinations of approaches may be required to achieve the objective.

title: The cost effectiveness of three programs to increase use of bicycle helmets among XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A prospective cohort study in a neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) was carried out to evaluate whether the incidence of @entity281 in neonates receiving intestinal decolonization was reduced in comparison to those who did not. This study was performed after controling possible confounding @entity281 risk factors. A total of 536 babies were screened in our ICU during the 27-month study period. Neonates were admitted to the ICU for different reasons: low weight, @entity649 , acute fetal suffering, surgery, etc. The doctor in charge decided whether the baby should be decolonized or not, so this experimental study was non-random. Thus more of the babies with a greater risk of @entity281 were decolonized more often than the other babies who were not so much at risk. In this study, babies were classified by type of decolonization given: a well-performed @entity1944 ( @entity1944 ) was done (early and with three oral drugs: E polymyxin, @entity2890 and @entity8701 ): 10.8% of the babies; Incorrect @entity1944 (was begun late and/or less than three drugs were used): 16.7% of the babies; and Without @entity1944 (72.9%). @entity580 (NI) was 11.2%, catheter-associated @entity295 was 42% of the total NI. When the NI incidence was directly compared among groups, it was lower in the group without @entity1944 , but @entity1 with decolonization initially had more @entity281 risk factor than the first group. For this reason, multiple logistic regression was used in order to stratify factors by @entity281 probability, and correcting the existing bias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in a neonatal intensive care unit and its prevention with selective intestinal decolonization. A multivariant evaluation of @entity281 reduction.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['SID', 'Selective Intestinal Decolonization']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Total nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['Nosocomial infection']