abstract: PURPOSE: During @entity2335 , @entity1494 may contribute to @entity2182 and @entity158 . The mechanisms whereby @entity2335 leads to hyperinnervation of the bladder are, however, poorly understood. Since TRP channels have been implicated in the guidance of growth cones and survival of neurons, we investigated their involvement in the increases in bladder innervation and bladder activity in rodent models of @entity2335 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: To induce @entity1494 , we chronically injected @entity786 in @entity35 and @entity19 . All experiments were performed a week later. We used quantitative transcriptional analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine TRP channel expression on retrolabelled bladder sensory neurons. To assess bladder function and referred @entity1931 , urodynamic analysis, detrusor strip contractility and Von Frey filament experiments were done in wild type and knock-out @entity19 . RESULTS: Repeated @entity786 injections induce a specific increase in the expression of @entity27097 and @entity27177 in bladder-innervating sensory neurons and the sprouting of sensory fibers in the @entity1494 . Interestingly, @entity786 -treated @entity27097 /c4(-/-) @entity19 no longer exhibited @entity1494 , and, concomitantly, the development of @entity2182 was diminished in these @entity19 . We did not observe a difference neither in @entity1494 features of double knock-out animals nor in @entity786 -induced referred @entity158 behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data suggest that @entity27097 and @entity27177 are involved in the sprouting of sensory neurons following bladder @entity2335 , which leads to @entity2182 .

title: Crucial role of @entity27097 and XXXX in @entity2335 -induced neuronal sprouting and @entity2182 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder hyperactivity', 'increased innervation of the bladder by sensory nerves', 'bladder contraction', 'increased bladder innervations', 'bladder mucosa']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder disease', 'bladder overactivity']

answer: @entity27177 :: (22066(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TRPC4']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of simultaneous chemoradiotherapy is to increase @entity5 control and to decrease the incidence of distant metastases. @entity902 -based chemotherapy regimens are widely accepted as standard treatment in advanced @entity135 . Due to their remarkable activity as well as radiosensitizing effects, @entity6023 play in increasing role in multimodality treatment concepts of solid @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1989 a total of 85 @entity1 with advanced @entity1544 and oropharynx were recruited to participate in two different prospective clinical trials of preoperative chemoradiation. Both treatment concepts (study A: @entity900 12.5 mg/m(2) plus radiation 36 Gy vs study B: @entity1311 40 mg/m(2)/ @entity3003 AUC 1.5 plus radiation 40 Gy) were compared and further statistical analysis including descriptive analysis as well as univariate and multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: At the time of the analysis a total of 47 @entity1 (55.3%) were alive, 38 @entity1 (44.7%) died from @entity5 -related causes. The overall survival for both @entity1 groups at 5 years was 45.1% (study A) and 84.9% (study B) and after 10 years 32.4% for study group A. A comparative analysis of both groups revealed a highly significant survival benefit at 4 years for study B (p=0.0015). In various calculation models of the multivariate analysis the regimen containing @entity1311 / @entity3003 (study B) was superior to the @entity900 regimen (study A). CONCLUSION: Based on a retrospective analysis of two different concepts of preoperative chemoradiation and supported by recent data from the literature it is justified to conclude that @entity3907 -based combination regimens are more effective compared to @entity900 -based regimens.

title: [Preoperative radiochemotherapy of advanced resectable @entity5 of the oral cavity with XXXX vs @entity1311 / @entity3003 . Analysis of two multimodality treatment concepts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Decreased libido is recognized as one of the vegetative symptoms of @entity308 . Increased libido has not been acknowledged as one of its symptoms, neither has it been reported, particularly in @entity162 @entity1 . AIM: We hereby report a case of atypical presentation of increased sexual function in a @entity1 in depressed phase of @entity162 thereby querying the fact, whether increased libido is actually an unrecognized atypical symptom of @entity162 . METHODS: A 48-year-old male presented with @entity1316 whereby his sexual function was increased during his @entity308 phase. Antidepressant, mood stabilizer, and antipsychotic medication were administered. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was offered for augmentation therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: When @entity250 is not identified, there is a risk of misdiagnosis and mismanagement. RESULTS: @entity1 did not attain full remission with medication. Compliance with medication was an issue, most probably due to the @entity458 . The @entity1 refused ECT. CONCLUSION: This case highlights atypical presentation of high libido in a @entity1 in the @entity308 phase of @entity162 . The uncommon presentation of a common illness posed a diagnostic challenge and complicated the subsequent management. It was concluded that increased sexual function deserves further consideration as a symptom of @entity162 .

title: Is increased libido an atypical symptom of XXXX ? An interesting case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'bipolar II', 'bipolar II disorder', 'depressed bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual side effects']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood swings']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar depression']


abstract: The @entity281 remains one of the most problematic complications of aortic surgery. This article describes the case of a 61-year-old male with ascendant and descendent aorta endovascular stents, hospitalized for @entity221 , @entity615 . Blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus hominis resistant to @entity6101 and @entity2177 . Spiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and leukocyte-labelled scintigraphy showed that the @entity1 developed a perigraft infection which @entity1512 in correspondence of D7, @entity53669 vertebras. The biopsy CT-scan guided of vertebral inflammed tissue revealed a coagulase-negative Staphylo-coccus and the presence of numerous neutrophilis granulocytes. The reintervention for substituting an infected graft was excluded due to the high risk of @entity204 or @entity451 . A therapy with @entity2176 , @entity1215 and @entity5505 was started. On the basis of clinical and radiological findings, it was decided to switch empirical antimicrobial therapy to @entity800 , @entity1214 and @entity11248 and a @entity32 indices was observed. The @entity1 was discharged maintaining this chronic suppressive antimicrobial therapy with a 28-day cycle of linezolid with complete regression of @entity158 , and normalization of inflammation blood indices. After, therapy switched to @entity11248 three times a week while maintaining good clinical and radiological features. In the present, due to the high risk in performing a surgical procedure, a conservative chronic suppressive antimicrobial therapy with @entity11248 allowed to control the infection on an outpatient basis, thereby reducing the costs.

title: Infectious aortitis and XXXX in @entity1 with endovascular stents.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection of endovascular stents']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss and back pain']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['spondylodiscitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the clinical importance of antibiotic sensitivities for the management of @entity3283 . METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive @entity1 referred to the @entity267 Service at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. between October 1, 1993, and May 31, 1994, with a culture-positive corneal @entity1066 were studied prospectively. Broad-spectrum empirical antibiotic therapy with intensive topical fortified antibiotics was initiated after smear and culture results were obtained. The therapy was modified based on clinical appearance, stain results, or organism identification. Clinicians were masked to the sensitivity results. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 healed after receiving the initial empirical antibiotic therapy (group 1). The antibiotic regimens of 6 @entity1 were modified after the stain and/or culture results were available, although the clinical appearance suggested continued improvement while taking the initial regimen (group 2). Eleven @entity1 had @entity1066 that either failed to improve or worsened after receiving the initial empirical therapy (group 3). Seven of these @entity1 ultimately improved with a change in therapy; treatment failed in 4 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 (5 for whom antibiotic therapy succeeded and 4 for whom it failed) should have been adequately treated by the initial antibiotic therapy, according to sensitivity results. In the remaining 2 @entity1 , in vitro sensitivity testing did not include the antibiotics used for the initial treatment. In all cases, the organisms were sensitive to the empirically altered regimen of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that routine antibiotic susceptibility tests do not provide clinically useful information for the management of @entity3283 . The identification of the organisms based on the results of smears and cultures was sufficient for the selection and modification of topical antibiotic therapy.

title: Use of routine antibiotic sensitivity testing for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulcers']

answer: @entity3283 :: (MESH:D003320,Disease) :: ['corneal ulcers']


abstract: Although a disease of great antiquity, scientific studies of @entity2040 began only 150 years ago. The complete life-cycle was not described until just before the First World War, making it possible at last to plan proper community control programmes. Inadequate tools prevented their effective implementation until well after the Second World War when new tools became available, thanks to the newly formed World Health Organization. Molluscicides spearheaded control programmes until the late 1970s but were then replaced by the newly developed, safe drugs still used today. Whatever the method used, the initial goal of eradication was, in the light of experience and cost, gradually replaced by less ambitious targets; first to stop transmission and then to reduce morbidity. The most successful programmes combined several methods to minimise reinfection after chemotherapy. Comparisons between different programmes are difficult without using appropriate, standardised diagnostic techniques and the correct epidemiological measurements. Some examples will be presented, mainly from our studies on @entity380 in Kenya. Drug resistance on a scale comparable with @entity311 has not occurred in @entity2040 but the likely withdrawal of all drugs except praziquantel leaves its control extremely vulnerable to this potential problem. An effective, affordable vaccine for use in endemic countries is unlikely to be ready for at least 5 years, and developing strategies for its use could take a further decade or more, judging from experience with drugs and molluscicides. In the interim, by analogy with @entity311 , the most cost-effective approach would the use of drugs combined with other methods to stop transmission, including molluscicides. The cost of molluscicides needs to be reduced and fears allayed about their supposedly adverse ecological effects.

title: XXXX epidemiology and control: how did we get here and where should we go?

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['Schistosomiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: First- and second-generation antipsychotics commonly cause mild @entity344 . @entity39 may be a consequence of such gastrointestinal perturbations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed all the observations of @entity1960 and @entity344 notified to the French Pharmacovigilance database (FPD) between 1997 and the end of 2006. RESULTS: Thirty-eight cases of @entity1960 and @entity344 associated with antipsychotics were analysed. The average age of the @entity1 was 42.7 +/- 14.7 years (15-77 years). The digestive complication was an intestinal @entity39 in 27 cases, an @entity1960 in 10 cases (with perforation in three cases), and one perforation. Surgical procedure (partial or total resection of the colon and/or small intestine) was performed in 24 @entity1 . Six @entity1 died despite surgery. Among the whole population, the outcome was fatal in 14 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 recovered with sequelae, six @entity1 fully recovered, and the outcome remained unknown in five cases.In 55.2% of the cases, the @entity1 were treated with more than one antipsychotic medication. The most frequently involved antipsychotics were: @entity1088 , @entity9874 , @entity23801 , @entity1767 . Associated antimuscarinic drugs (excluding antipsychotics) were found in 68.4% of @entity1 . DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: @entity39 associated with antipsychotics is very rare; however mortality is high, with a rapid worsening of @entity1 towards @entity326 in spite of mild clinical symptoms. It is therefore essential to monitor the patients receiving antipsychotics especially when they are prescribed concomitant medications. The occurrence of non-specific clinical symptoms such as @entity490 associated with @entity391 and/or @entity294 should draw attention.

title: Antipsychotics-induced @entity1960 and XXXX : a review of the French pharmacovigilance database.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'Intestinal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal necrosis', 'gastrointestinal hypomotility']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9874 :: ('MESH:D008728', 'Chemical') :: ['levomepromazine']

entities_list: @entity23801 :: ('MESH:C028457', 'Chemical') :: ['cyamemazine']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal necrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have demonstrated that mineral and electrolyte abnormalities develop in @entity1 who undergo bariatric surgery. While it is known that these abnormalities are a risk factor for @entity1791 , the prevalence of @entity5990 after bariatric surgery is unknown. We evaluated the likelihood of being diagnosed with or treated for an upper urinary tract calculus following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 4,639 @entity1 who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and a control group of 4,639 @entity28 @entity1 who did not have surgery in a national private insurance claims database in a 5-year period (2002 to 2006). All @entity1 had at least 3 years of continuous claims data. Our 2 primary outcomes were the diagnosis and the surgical treatment of a urinary calculus. RESULTS: After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery 7.65% (355 of 4,639) of @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1791 compared to 4.63% (215 of 4,639) of @entity28 @entity1 in the control group (p <0.0001). Subjects in the treatment cohort more commonly underwent shock wave lithotripsy (81 [1.75%] vs 19 [0.41%], p <0.0001) and ureteroscopy (98 [2.11%] vs 27 [0.58%], p <0.0001). Logistic regression demonstrated that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery was a significant predictor of being diagnosed with a urinary calculus (OR 1.71, CI 1.44-2.04) as well as undergoing a surgical procedure (OR 3.65, CI 2.60-5.14). CONCLUSIONS: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is associated with an increased risk of @entity8 and @entity1290 surgery in the postoperative period. Clinicians should be aware of this hazard and inform @entity1 of this potential complication. Future studies are needed to evaluate preventive measures in the high risk population.

title: Effect of gastric bypass surgery on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stone disease']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['stone disease']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stone']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney stone disease']


abstract: A phase II trial of concurrent @entity900 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CT + RT) was conducted for the primary treatment of 12 @entity1 with retrospective surgical FIGO stages III-IV squamous @entity189 . Eight @entity1 were stage III and four were stage IV. Chemotherapy was used as a radiation sensitizer and it was administered in two 5-day cycles 28 days apart. @entity900 , 50 mg/m2/day iv on Days 1 and 2 or 100 mg/m2 on Day 1 or 2, plus continuous-infusion @entity1487 , 1000 mg/m2/day for 4-5 days commencing on Days 1 and 28 of external-beam radiation therapy, are given. The pelvic radiation to a dose of 4400-5400 cGy is administered AP and PA to treat the @entity5 , the groin nodes, and the iliac vessels to the level below the common iliac nodes. Complete @entity5 responses were seen in 8 of 12 (67%) @entity1 . Responses were observed in 6 of 8 (75%) stage III @entity1 and 2 of 4 (50%) stage IV @entity1 . Partial response were observed in 3 @entity1 , and 1 @entity1 had persistent disease. At the completion of concurrent chemoradiation therapy, radical vulvectomy or excision was used in 3 @entity1 and posterior exenteration in 1. With a median follow-up of 37 months (range, 7-60 months), 10 @entity1 are alive and free of disease, and 2 @entity1 died at 12 and 15 months. There were no treatment-related @entity204 and no grade 4 @entity137 . The morbidity included moist desquamation of the vulva in all @entity1 , with grade 2 @entity137 in 10 and grade 3 in 2. One @entity1 had a @entity1150 that responded to anticoagulation therapy. These data support the use of concurrent @entity900 and @entity1487 chemotherapy and radiation therapy as an alternative to primary radical surgery to treat advanced-stage squamous @entity189 .

title: Concurrent @entity900 and XXXX chemotherapy and radiation therapy for advanced-stage squamous @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Kinase cascades and the modification of proteins by phosphorylation are major mechanisms for cell signaling and communication, and evolution of these signaling pathways can contribute to new developmental or environmental response pathways. The @entity375 kinase @entity39539 has been well characterized for its role in meiosis. However, recent studies have revealed alternative functions for @entity39539 in both @entity375 and other fungi. In the filamentous fungus @entity1980 , the @entity39539 homolog (ime-2) is not required for meiosis. Here we determine that ime-2 interacts genetically with a transcription factor vib-1 during nonself recognition and @entity204 ( @entity204 ). Mutations in vib-1 (/\vib-1) suppress @entity204 due to nonself recognition events; however, a /\vib-1 /\ime-2 mutant restored wild-type levels of cell death. A role for ime-2 in the post-translational processing and localization of a mitochondrial matrix protein was identified, which may implicate mitochondria in @entity1980 nonself recognition and @entity204 . Further, /\vib-1 strains do not produce extracellular proteases, but protease secretion reverted to near wild-type levels in a /\vib-1 /\ime-2 strain. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the VIB-1 protein is phosphorylated at several sites, including a site that matches the IME-2 consensus. The genetic and biochemical data for ime-2 and vib-1 indicate that IME-2 is a negative regulator of VIB-1 and suggest parallel negative regulation by IME-2 of a cell death pathway in @entity1980 that functions in concert with the VIB-1 cell death pathway. Thus, @entity39539 kinase function has evolved following the divergence of @entity375 and @entity1980 and provides insight into the evolution of kinases and their regulatory targets.

title: Diversification of a protein kinase cascade: IME-2 is involved in nonself recognition and XXXX in @entity1980 .

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa', 'N. crassa']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'programmed cell death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['programmed cell death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteolytic @entity79 caused by increase of osteolytic activity is a major manifestation of @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). @entity5279 ( @entity5279 ) inhibits osteoclastic activity and reduces bone resorption. METHODS: Since October 1995 the efficacy of @entity5279 is evaluated in @entity1582 @entity1 all receiving anti- @entity1582 chemotherapy acc. to VMCP/VBAP alternating regimen. 46 @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity690 were randomized to receive either @entity5279 (Aredia; Novartis) 60 mg i.v. in 4-hour infusion monthly (n = 23) or chemotherapy alone (control group n = 23). Estimation of performance status, quality of life, @entity158 score, analgesic consumption, serum @entity460 concentration and twenty four-hours @entity460 excretion, urine @entity460 / @entity1011 ratio is done at least once a month (before @entity5279 administration) while X-ray skeletal survey--before treatment and then every six months. RESULTS: In the first months of treatment apparent reduction of @entity158 occurred. Hypercalcaemia was revealed in 6 @entity1 at entry into the study. In 5 of these @entity1 @entity5279 restored and maintained normocalcaemia for a median 6 months. In 3 @entity1 an aggressive plasma cell proliferation was accompanied by reoccurrence of hypercalcaemia. At skeletal X-ray examination performed after 6 and 12 cycles of @entity5279 and by comparing each of consecutive imaging with previous one the progression of @entity3061 was respectively found in 67% and 39% of @entity1 . In the control group corresponding figures were: 79% and 70%. The mean number of skeletal events (pathologic @entity174 , @entity1745 ) per year was lower in the @entity5279 group (1.82) than in control- @entity1 (2.72), p < 0.013. The proportion of @entity1 who developed skeletal event (excluding @entity174 ) was lower in the @entity5279 group -34% v 52%. Adverse events of @entity5279 : hypocalcaemia (< 2 mmol/l) observed in 7 @entity1 occurred in particular @entity1 beginning from 2 to 7 days after drug administration. In 2 @entity1 hypocalcaemia that appeared in 24 hours after drug infusion was accompanied by blood pressure decrease; in one case systolic blood pressure dropped up to 60 mmHg, in the other one--to 90 mmHg. @entity158 and fever up to 39 degrees C (transient and self-limiting " @entity683 like syndrom") occurred in 5 @entity1 , in two @entity1 after several hours and in three other--after some dozens of hours from drug administration. In one case hypertransaminasaemia was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In the first year of treatment monthly intravenous @entity5279 administration as an adjunct to chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity1582 with @entity3061 is an efficient approach in prevention and treatment of hyperacalcaemia, @entity5200 and @entity158 . It also shows some preventive effect on @entity79 occurrence.

title: Effect of @entity5279 on skeletal morbidity in @entity1582 . Part 1. The results of the first 12 months of XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate', 'pamidronate', 'Pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction', 'bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['radiation to bone and spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain', 'Muscular pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity5279 :: (MESH:C019248,Chemical) :: ['pamidronate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to examine placental histopathology in intravenous immunoglobulin-treated and untreated @entity16978 and correlate pathological findings with clinical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Placentas from 14 @entity16978 -affected pregnancies were identified. Maternal antepartum treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from medical records. Placental histopathology and clinical outcomes were compared between intravenous immunoglobulin and no intravenous immunoglobulin treatment groups using Fisher's exact test. One subject, treated only after an @entity932 ( @entity932 ) was diagnosed, was excluded from the analysis. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Untreated pregnancies demonstrated a lymphoplasmacytic chronic villitis not seen in the intravenous immunoglobulin-treated pregnancies (P = .005). Intrauterine growth restriction and @entity5617 occurred as frequently as @entity932 in the untreated group. No @entity932 , @entity1592 , or intrauterine fetal demises occurred in the treated group, although the P value was not significant. CONCLUSION: @entity102 is frequently manifest in @entity16978 , with intravenous immunoglobulin alleviating this inflammatory immunologic response. We suspect a more universal role for the maternal antibody, such as fetal endothelial cell damage, in the sequelae of @entity16978 .

title: @entity102 in untreated XXXX : an etiology for severe early @entity1592 and the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic villitis']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity16978 :: ('MESH:D054098', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal demise']

answer: @entity16978 :: (MESH:D054098,Disease) :: ['neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of acute primary @entity2747 in the Hong Kong Chinese population, and to identify risk factors for this condition. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. @entity1 : @entity1 with acute primary @entity2747 presenting between 1 March 1998 and 29 February 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data, presenting symptoms and signs, temporal details of the presentation, and precipitating factors. The crude regional incidence was calculated according to the Hong Kong population census of 1991 and the age-specific incidence was calculated. RESULTS: Seventy-two cases (72 eyes of 72 @entity1 ) of acute primary @entity2747 were recruited. The crude incidence was 10.4 per 100,000 per year in the population aged 30 years and older. @entity1 at higher risk of attacks were those aged 70 years or older (age-specific incidence, 58.7 per 100,000 per year) and females, who had a relative risk of 3.8 compared with males (95% confidence interval, 1.7-8.4). Only four (5.6%) @entity1 had a positive family history of acute primary @entity2747 . Seventeen (23.6%) @entity1 were noted to have an @entity1729 before the attack, and 25 (34.7%) @entity1 had taken antitussive agents. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between the monthly attack rate and the monthly rate of @entity683 (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = -0.388; P=0.031). CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of acute primary @entity2747 among Chinese residents of Hong Kong, with elderly females at highest risk. A significant proportion of @entity1 reported @entity1729 or the use of antitussive medication prior to attacks.

title: Epidemiology of acute primary XXXX in the Hong Kong Chinese population: prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Investigating whether or not locoregional chemotherapy has an effect on survival among @entity1 with @entity788 . The possibility of radical surgical interventions for treatment of @entity788 is very low. Locoregional chemotherapy is one of the modalities advocated to increase survival of such @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity788 underwent surgery in our clinic. Eleven @entity1 were female and 18 were male. Surgical procedures and adjuvant locoregional chemotherapy applied to these @entity1 as well as survival obtained are evaluated and compared to those reported in the literature. RESULTS: Eight of the 9 @entity1 that received curative surgery and adjuvant locoregional chemotherapy are still alive after 5, 6, 7, 7, 9, 12, 13, and 17 months. Seventeen @entity1 with advanced stage @entity788 had palliative diversion procedures. Mean survival was 10.5 months for the seven that received locoregional chemotherapy, but 6.2 months for the 10 @entity1 that did not receive locoregional chemotherapy. Mean survival of 3 @entity1 that had only laparotomy was 2.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant or adjuvant locoregional chemotherapy has a beneficial effect on the survival of @entity1 that undergo curative or palliative surgery for @entity788 . However further multicenter trials are necessary.

title: Locoregional chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the pancreas', 'pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The decision to undertake a nationwide program of vaccination against @entity1707 @entity683 requires assessment of the status of immunity of those in various age groups in our population against this agent. Pools of serum were collected from @entity1 born in the years from 1889 to 1943; they were tested for hemaggultinin inhibiting (HI) antibody against the HSW 1N1 @entity683 virus strains isolated in 1931 and 1976. The titers secured serve as an indication of the average level of immunity of those of different ages. @entity1 less than 43 years of age are found to be without antibody protection. The need for vaccination of @entity1 in different age groups based on mortality statistics of previous epidemics is evaluated. It is realized that no epidemic may occur and that a reduced virulence of the viral agent and use of antibiotics may reduce the death rate if the infection recurs. The extraordinary high mortality in 1918 in @entity1 between 15 and 44 years of age deserves recognition together with the fact that those in the same age group are now without protection. The fact that @entity1 of childbearing age fall into this group deserves special consideration in view of increased mortality in puerperal @entity1 observed in the pandemics of 1918 and 1957. The degree of protection afforded the newborn by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies is discussed. The need of increasing the level of immunity in those who have varying titers of HI antibodies is considered in relation to the prevalence of @entity532 and other @entity102 in older subjects.

title: Factors involved in immunization program for XXXX @entity683 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Acute @entity86 are serious complications. We saw a sudden increase in the infection rate in our unit during a 6-month period. This led us to construct an assessment protocol combining risk factors into a mnemonic we named the "Nine Ps Protocol" ( @entity1 -related factors, personnel, place, preoperative length of stay, procedure, prosthetics, prophylaxis, packed red blood cells, and pus cultures). We reviewed 102 consecutive @entity1 having spine surgery in three sequential 6 month periods: Group A included 34 @entity1 before the outbreak of infection and Group B included 26 @entity1 during the outbreak of infection. We prospectively applied the protocol in 26 @entity1 (Group C) after the outbreak. After the implementation of the protocol the infection rate dropped from 16.7% (Group B) to 3.6% (Group C). Increased risk factors for @entity86 included advanced age, posterior instrumented fusion, high allogenic blood transfusion rates, and suboptimal sheet and dressing changing conditions. We propose the Nine Ps Protocol as a useful clinical tool for the etiologic assessment and prevention of @entity281 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, Level II (Lesser quality prospective study [eg, @entity1 enrolled at different points in their disease or < 80% followup]). Please see Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Reduction of XXXX based on an etiologic protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['spinal infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative spinal infections', 'postoperative infection']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative spinal infections']


abstract: In the experiments reported here, we investigated @entity2644 ( @entity5579 )-induced ( @entity5579 )-induced enhancement of the cat cerebellar potentials evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation, with regard to the subtypes of adrenoceptor in the nucleus reticularis lateralis (LRN). Electrical stimulus of the locus coeruleus (LC) at high frequencies enhanced cerebellar potentials evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation. Although similar stimulus increased them after pretreatment with an alpha 2-antagonist, @entity3160 , these enhancements were not recognized by pretreatment with an alpha 1-antagonist, @entity3159 . Microinjection of @entity1063 (NE: 10 micrograms) into LRN decreased cerebellar potentials, and conversely, 30 micrograms of NE significantly increased them. Although microinjection of an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, @entity1338 , into the LRN @entity308 cerebellar potentials, @entity1338 -induced decrease was obviously antagonized by pretreatment with @entity5579 . Furthermore, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, @entity2647 , into the LRN increased cerebellar potentials. Pretreatment with @entity5579 hardly changed @entity2647 -induced enhancement. We though that @entity5579 blocked alpha 2-autoreceptors in adrenergic terminals from the LC rather than alpha 1-adrenoceptors within the LRN. As a result, NE released from the LC terminals may act on alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the LRN and may attenuate activities of the LRN. Therefore, it was clear that previous @entity5579 -induced enhancement may be due to @entity308 of the descending inhibitory adrenergic system via @entity5579 -induced blockade of alpha 2-autoreceptors.

title: Effects of XXXX in the nucleus reticularis lateralis on the cat cerebellar potentials.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this article is to present the development of @entity5 in the jaws as a definite feature of @entity2742 ( @entity2742 ), whether primary or secondary. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 2 cases of primary @entity2742 and 3 cases of secondary @entity2742 associated with @entity5 in the jaws. The @entity1 presented in our clinic at the "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital in Thessaloniki for treatment of their disease. The @entity1 were 4 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , and @entity1 's ages ranged from 21 to 76 years. Four cases of the @entity5 involved the mandible, and 1 case involved the maxilla and the maxillary sinus. The surgical excision of @entity79 and treatment of primary or secondary @entity2742 were performed on the @entity1 in our study. RESULTS: @entity1 1 (primary @entity2742 , caused by an @entity652 of the right parathyroid glands) was treated with surgical removal of the maxillary lesion and excision of the @entity652 . Three years later, the @entity1 is free of the disease, with no recurrence of the @entity5 . @entity1 2 (primary @entity2742 , caused by an @entity652 of the right parathyroid glands) was treated with excision of the @entity652 . One year later, a second @entity79 developed in the mandible, and 3(1/2) of the fourth parathyroid (right) glands was removed. The @entity1 is being observed. The other 3 @entity1 with @entity5 associated with secondary @entity2742 were treated with excision of the @entity79 ; @entity2742 was treated with hemodialysis (2 @entity1 ) and renal transplantation (1 @entity1 ). For the @entity1 treated with hemodialysis, the disease is under control and there is no recurrence of the @entity5 . The @entity1 who underwent transplantation is free of the disease 7 years later. CONCLUSIONS: Primary or secondary @entity2742 may be recognized by the presence of an @entity690 with giant cells, a condition referred as " @entity5 ." The most useful therapy for @entity1 with @entity5 is surgical excision of @entity79 and therapy (surgical or medical) for primary or secondary @entity2742 .

title: XXXX of the jaws associated with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. A clinical study and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['brown tumors', 'brown tumor']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['HPT', 'hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Brown tumors']


abstract: @entity362 of the proximal radius is a benign, slow-growing @entity5 . It may cause compression of either the posterior interosseous or the superficial branch of the radial nerve. Surgical excision usually leads to complete recovery. Five cases of @entity362 of the proximal radius are presented. X-ray films demonstrated a radiolucent mass in contact with the radius. Two @entity1 had signs of @entity2850 , and two showed signs of superficial @entity2850 . In one case the @entity362 surrounded an @entity11343 arising from the proximal radius. The @entity5 were excised in four @entity1 . The three @entity1 with @entity16 recovered fully. One @entity1 refused surgery, and posterior interosseous @entity2895 developed.

title: XXXX of the proximal radius: a report of five cases.

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'Parosteal lipoma', 'parosteal lipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic involvement']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['posterior interosseous nerve compression', 'radial nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['nerve paralysis']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Parosteal lipoma']


abstract: Numerous studies have found that oxidative stress-derived @entity53570 (  -dA) can act as a driving force towards @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in @entity96 . The aim of the present study was to determine the oxidative stress status and the occurrence of   -dA in @entity157 and adjacent @entity5 liver tissue, and to clarify whether the occurrence of   -dA is related to liver inflammatory activity, @entity82 and mutant @entity876 expression. Oxidative stress-related parameters were examined in @entity5 and (or) @entity5 liver tissues of 32 @entity1 with @entity157 .   -dA, mutant @entity876 and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) were immunohistochemically investigated in control, @entity157 and @entity5 liver tissues. The total antioxidant capacity and total @entity224 dismutase activity of @entity157 tissues were lower compared to those of @entity5 tissues (P<0.05 vs. P<0.001). The prevalence of   -dA in @entity157 was significantly higher compared to control (P<0.0001) and @entity5 liver tissues (P<0.001). A significant correlation between the positive rate of   -dA and mutant @entity876 was observed (r=0.5162, P<0.01). The positive rate of @entity1364 in @entity157 was significantly higher compared to control (P<0.0001) and @entity5 liver tissues (P<0.0001). There was a possible link between the formation of   -dA and @entity32 and @entity82 . Therefore,   -dA lesions may gradually accumulate in chronic @entity409 , and partially contribute to mutant @entity876 overexpression and excessive cell proliferation, making it a potential mechanism in oxidative stress-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Oxidative stress-induced XXXX adduct formation contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-prone liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity53570 :: ('MESH:C032221', 'Chemical') :: ['1, N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity53570 :: (MESH:C032221,Chemical) :: ['1, N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Full-thickness burns involving the antecubital area result in severe @entity1159 . Functional impairment is inevitable if the affected areas are not managed properly. Proper treatment requires complete release and radical excision of the scar tissue, followed by reconstruction using durable tissue that will not contract during long-term follow-up. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity1159 were reconstructed with pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps between 2004 and 2008. All of the @entity1 were male, and their ages ranged from 20 to 23 years (mean, 21.4 years). The size and orientation of the skin islands were planned according to the defect size and orientation. The size of the flaps varied from 6.5 to 9.0 cm in width (mean, 8.0 cm) and 16.0 to 21.0 cm in length (mean, 20.0 cm). All of the @entity1 were followed up for 6 to 12 months (mean, 9.3 months). RESULTS: All of the flaps used on the postburn antecubital @entity1159 survived completely. Minimal transient @entity450 occurred in two flaps during the early postoperative period. A complete range of motion at the elbow joint was achieved in all @entity1 by the end of the reconstruction period. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flap is a suitable alternative for postburn @entity1159 . A very long pedicle can be obtained to transfer the flap to the antecubital area without tension. With its thin, pliable texture and large size, it adapts well to forearm skin and the donor-site scar is considered cosmetically acceptable.

title: Reconstruction of postburn antebrachial XXXX using pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps.

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['flexion contractures', 'contractures', 'elbow contractures']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aging can be thought of as the collision between destructive processes that act on cells and organs over the lifetime and the responses that promote homeostasis, vitality and longevity. However, the precise mechanisms that determine the rates of aging in organisms are not known. OBJECTIVE: Macromolecules such as proteins are continuously exposed to potential damaging agents that can cause loss of molecular function and depletion of cell populations over the lifetime of essential organs. One of the key homeostatic responses involved in maintaining longevity is the induction of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs), a conserved reaction to damaged intracellular proteins. We aim to discuss how the interplay between @entity16 and its repair or removal from the cell may influence longevity and aging. METHODS: We have reviewed experiments carried out in @entity1 and non- @entity1 organisms on molecular chaperones and the transcription factor ( @entity1457 factor 1, @entity22585 ) responsible for their expression. We have discussed mechanisms through which these molecules are regulated in cells, respond to stimuli that enhance longevity and become impaired during aging. RESULTS: The transcription factor @entity22585 initiates the prolific induction of HSP when cells are exposed to @entity16 . HSPs are molecular chaperones that protect the proteome by folding denatured polypeptides and promoting the degradation of severely damaged proteins. Activation of @entity22585 is coupled functionally to fundamental pathways of longevity and orchestrates the evasion of aging through HSP induction and antagonism of @entity6960 . In addition to mediating protein quality control, some HSPs such as @entity2284 and @entity2285 directly protect cells against damage-induced entry into death pathways. However, the @entity1457 response declines in potency over the lifetime, and enfeeblement of the response contributes to aging by permitting the emergence of @entity6960 diseases, reduction in cellular vigor and decreased longevity. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular chaperones play an important role in the deterrence of @entity16 during aging and their expression is required for longevity. Chemical stimulation of HSP synthesis might therefore be a significant strategy in future design of antiaging pharmaceuticals.

title: The shock of aging: molecular chaperones and the XXXX response in longevity and aging--a mini-review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['protein damage']

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregation']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: Background. @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) is a rare and aggressive @entity5 arising from the adrenal cortex with an incidence of one to two cases per million within the general US population. Recent developments in the understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity1636 have led to multiple clinical trials involving targeted agents in the management of @entity1636 . @entity1 and Methods. We report two cases of refractory @entity16663 ( @entity900 , @entity632 , @entity2879 , and @entity8449 ) who were treated with targeted agents such as @entity3866 and sutent, respectively. A total of 2 @entity1 with @entity16663 were reviewed and followed for a median time of 6 months. Radiological response, duration of response and @entity137 were evaluated. Results. In both cases, the targeted agents were able to control the disease for a short duration, but due to the deterioration in performance status and fatigue the agents were discontinued. Conclusion. The current observations emphasize the need for better targeted treatment modalities and strategies for the management of this fatal disease.

title: Is there a role of targeted agents in the management of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity8449 :: ('MESH:D008939', 'Chemical') :: ['mitotane']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical cancers']


abstract: A @entity38271 graft (PEU) has been developed by our group and examined clinically. From July 1986, four straight and 11 loop grafts were implanted in 15 @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis. One straight and three loop grafts thrombosed between 1-6 months after the operation. One loop graft was ligated to remedy @entity4 caused by a preexisting @entity715 . Angiographic findings of the grafts revealed a smooth positioning of the graft in most of the cases with minimal to moderate @entity850 at anastomotic sites. Punctured sites were identified as tiny filling defects on the wall. However, neither @entity850 nor @entity384 were observed. Specimens of the graft were obtained from three @entity1 to examine histological findings. Neointimal coverage was observed near the anastomotic site in a specimen obtained 6 months after the operation. The bare luminal surface still remained at the center of the graft. No clinical sign of peripheral thrombi was found. In addition to the clinical experience, this study is supplemented with the preliminary result of an animal experiment using a newly modified PEU graft with an open structure on the luminal surface.

title: Clinical application of a self-sealing XXXX graft applicable to blood access for hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity38271 :: ('MESH:C115016', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ether-urethane)']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity38271 :: (MESH:C115016,Chemical) :: ['poly(ether-urethane)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4099 ( @entity4099 ) of the newborn is an uncommon disorder that occurs in the first weeks of life after @entity147 . It can be complicated by potentially life-threatening @entity2741 . Treatments of @entity2741 have included hydration, @entity1483 and @entity288 . Only one report has described the use of intravenous @entity171 for this condition. We propose that @entity5279 could be the first line therapy for severe @entity2741 in @entity4099 . @entity1 AND RESULTS: Four newborns presented between 2001 and 2004 with @entity4099 complicated by severe @entity2741 . At diagnosis, ionized @entity460 levels were higher than 1.4 mmol/l and were associated with high urinary @entity460 / @entity1011 ratios and high @entity10692 levels. Despite treatment with IV fluids, low @entity460 diet and @entity1483 , @entity460 levels remained high. The @entity1 were given 3-4 doses (0.25-0.50 mg/kg/dose) of @entity5279 . Urinary @entity460 / @entity1011 ratios and @entity460 levels decreased within 48-96 h. @entity10692 levels normalized with resolution of the @entity272 . No persistent @entity11604 was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity5279 is effective, well-tolerated in the short-term and obviates the need for prolonged treatment with @entity1483 and corticosteroids. To prevent @entity11604 , @entity5279 might be considered as first line treatment for severe @entity2741 in @entity4099 .

title: XXXX : Treatment for severe @entity2741 in neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate', 'Pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['foetal distress']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4099 :: ('MESH:D005218', 'Disease') :: ['SCFN', 'Subcutaneous fat necrosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5279 :: (MESH:C019248,Chemical) :: ['Pamidronate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adrenocortical function in @entity1 with @entity9488 by using a high-dose (250   g) @entity4545 (ACTH) stimulation test. And to at provide experimental basis for glucocorticoid in the treatment of @entity5825 ( @entity5825 ). METHOD: This was a prospective multi-center study which was carried out in PICUs of Beijing @entity1 's Hospital, Zhengzhou @entity1 's Hospital, Kaifeng @entity1 's Hospital and Linyi @entity1 's Hospital in Shandong province. @entity1 with severe and @entity5825 admitted to PICUs of the four hospitals from June 2009 to April 2010 were enrolled in this study, and EV71 virus nucleic acid test and high-dose (250   g) ACTH stimulation started at the same time. EV71 virus nucleic acid positive 51 cases were eventually enrolled in the study. Cortisol test was performed at baseline (T0) and after high-dose (250   g) ACTH stimulation at 30 minutes (T30), 60 minutes (T60) in the first 6 hours after admission, but before glucocorticoid was given. The adrenocortical function was evaluated according to /\Tmax [/\Tmax=(T30, T60 maximum)-T0]. Diagnostic criteria of @entity1887 ( @entity1887 ) is increment (/\Tmax) <=9   g/dl. RESULT: The incidence of @entity1887 in 51 cases was 52.94% (27/51). The incidence of @entity1887 in severe group was 44.74% (17/38), which was significantly higher in critical group 76.92% (10/13), P<0.05. Of the cases with a pediatric @entity3124 score (PCIS) <=70, 81.82% (9/11) had @entity1887 , and it was 28.57% (4/14) when PCIS>= 90. The incidence of @entity1887 was 75% (6/8) and 48.84% (21/43) in @entity204 and survivor group respectively, but there were no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Baseline (T0) @entity701 in @entity204 group was higher than survivor group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1887 may occur in @entity1 with enterovirus 71 infection. The critical enterovirus 71 infection had a high incidence of @entity1887 . @entity1887 may affect the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity9488 . Exogenous glucocorticoids administration may be considered when @entity1887 is identified or highly suspected. The timing, dosage and regimen of glucocorticoid are still unclear. Further animal experiments and clinical trials are needed.

title: [Evaluation of adrenocortical function in XXXX with @entity9488 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity9488 :: ('MESH:D004769', 'Disease') :: ['severe and critical enterovirus 71 infection']

entities_list: @entity5825 :: ('MESH:D006232', 'Disease') :: ['HFMD', 'critical hand-foot-mouth disease', 'hand-foot-and-mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency', 'AI']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The contribution of cross-reactive hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to infection enhancement of @entity778 and two antigenic drift strains was investigated in a macrophage-like cell line @entity19 . When @entity19 cells, previously treated with neuraminidase (NA) to remove the viral receptors, were infected with NWS virus exposed to rabbit antiviral immunoglobulin (IgG) showing various levels of @entity2915 , virus yields were enhanced in the presence of a subneutralizing antibody, depending on their @entity2915 . By flow cytometric analysis using a @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-labeled NWS virus, the efficiency of attachment of virus-rabbit IgG complexes to Fc receptors on NA-treated cells showed close correlation with its cross-HI titer. These data suggest that cross-reactive HI antibodies could contribute to infection enhancement through the formation of potent infectious immune complexes with @entity778 via Fc receptor uptake. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAB) in mouse IgG subclasses @entity6527 and @entity9749 showing strain-specific or cross-reactive HI activity were tested for their infection enhancement characteristics. A strain-specific mAB enhanced @entity778 , but not that of two other drift strains in either antibody dilution. In contrast, a cross-reactive mAB caused infection enhancement of all three virus strains in the presence of the subneutralizing antibody. This indicates that cross-reactivity, but not the IgG subclass, acts as an enhancing factor to this phenomenon. The antibody, with the same specificity as cross-reactive mAB, was detected semiquantitatively by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with results almost consistent with @entity2915 of polyclonal rabbit antiviral IgGs. These data suggest that the antibody detected by this assay might be one of the potent antibodies governing cross-HI activity as a whole antibody and causing infection enhancement of drift strains.

title: Infection enhancement of influenza A H1 subtype viruses in macrophage-like XXXX cells by cross-reactive antibodies.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['drift strains to mediate virus infection', 'infection of homologous NWS virus', 'influenza A H1 subtype NWS virus']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-HI titers']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['P388D1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimum regimen of @entity1307 alfa for prevention of allogeneic blood transfusion is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a modified regimen of @entity1307 alfa reduces allogeneic blood transfusion in @entity1 undergoing hip arthroplasty. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing two modified dose regimens of @entity1307 alfa with placebo. SETTING: 13 teaching hospitals and 4 community hospitals in Canada. @entity1 : 201 @entity1 undergoing primary hip arthroplasty who had a hemoglobin concentration of 98 to 137 g/L and did not predonate blood. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were assigned in a 3:5:5 ratio to receive four weekly doses of @entity1307 alfa, 40 000 U (high-dose; n = 44) or 20 000 U (low-dose; n = 79), or placebo (n = 78), starting 4 weeks before surgery. All @entity1 received oral @entity68 supplementation, 450 mg/d, for 42 or more days before surgery. MEASUREMENTS: The primary end point was allogeneic transfusion. Secondary end points were @entity1031 events and change in reticulocyte count and hemoglobin concentration. RESULTS: Both modified @entity1307 alfa regimens significantly reduced the need for allogeneic transfusion: Five (11.4%) @entity1 in the high-dose group (P = 0.001) and 18 (22. 8%) @entity1 in the low-dose group (P = 0.003) had transfusion, compared with 35 (44.9%) @entity1 in the placebo group. The hematologic response was substantial in @entity1 who received @entity1307 alfa. In the high-dose group, low-dose group, and placebo group, the preoperative increase in reticulocyte count was 58.8, 37. 0 and 1.8 x 10(9) cells/L (P < 0.001), respectively, and the increase in hemoglobin concentration was 19.5, 17.2, and 1.2 g/L (P < 0.001). The incidence of @entity1031 events did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both modified @entity1307 alfa regimens were effective compared with placebo in reducing allogeneic transfusion in @entity1 undergoing hip arthroplasty. @entity1 who received high-dose @entity1307 alfa had the lowest transfusion rate.

title: @entity1307 with XXXX supplementation to prevent allogeneic blood transfusion in total hip joint arthroplasty. A randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: Liver surgery and liver transplantation as well as @entity1457 are often associated with @entity99 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. Recent evidence suggests that @entity1505 plays a central role in I/R injury and, therefore, down-regulation of @entity1505 seems to be a promising way to protect against the deleterious consequences of I/R. Endotoxin tolerance represents a state of unresponsiveness to endotoxin and is associated with diminished @entity1505 production. Thus, the effect of endotoxin tolerance on hepatic I/R @entity99 was investigated in a @entity35 model. I/R injury was induced by temporary @entity63 of the left lateral liver lobe for 90 min followed by a 3 h observation period of reperfusion. I/R injury resulted in functional @entity99 characterized by a decrease both in bile flow and @entity6741 concentration and 50% mortality. This was prevented by induction of endotoxin tolerance. Hepatic @entity1505 mRNA expression after I/R of the liver was determined by RT-PCR. In untreated @entity35 , @entity1505 mRNA was induced in the liver 60 min after reperfusion and further increased until 3 h after reperfusion. In contrast, in endotoxin-tolerant @entity35 , no increases in @entity1505 mRNA expression were detected. This suggests that induction of endotoxin tolerance protects against @entity5721 possibly via down-regulation of intra-organ @entity1505 expression.

title: Endotoxin tolerance protects against local @entity99 /reperfusion injury in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory shock']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disorder', 'injury of the liver', 'hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A 67-year-old @entity1 presented with a 2-year history of asymptomatic, firm, multiple nodules and plaques and @entity1184 of both lower legs and feet, and well-defined, skin-colored, firm nodules and @entity5 on both hands. He had been diagnosed as having @entity2743 3 years previously, and had been treated with 10 mg of @entity3937 and 100 microg of thyroxin (T4) daily for 2 years. Physical examination revealed nonpitting @entity4 , flesh-colored to erythematous, firm, confluent, polypoid nodules and fissured plaques extending from the shins to the dorsa of both feet (Fig. 1), and round to oval, firm, skin-colored, walnut-to-egg-sized @entity5 on all 10 fingers and the ulnar side of the dorsum of the right hand (Fig. 2). The thyroid gland was diffusely enlarged; however, there was no exophthalmos, and extraocular movements were normal. There was no @entity353 , @entity1277 , @entity400 , @entity1931 , @entity294 , or @entity1295 . On laboratory evaluation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) had a markedly low titer of < 0.05 microU/mL (normal: 0.4-5.0), and the TSH receptor antibody was extremely high at 73.8% (normal: < 15%). Serum free @entity1954 (T3), T4, antimicrosome, and antithyroglobulin antibodies were normal or negative. Skin biopsy samples from the shin and hand disclosed extensive mucin deposition throughout the dermis.

title: XXXX presenting as elephantiasic pretibial myxedema and nodules of the hands.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['heat intolerance']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['cerebriform hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: This randomized, prospective, blinded study compared the use of @entity2900 or @entity2898 to aid endotracheal intubation of 27 adult sows [mean body weight 261    28 (standard deviation) kg]. Preliminary trials allowed development of the intubation technique and skills. The sows were premedicated with @entity46136 , @entity3897 , and @entity1286 , and anesthesia was induced with @entity4490 [6 mg/kg body weight (BW)]. Nine sows each received @entity2900 (1.0 mg/kg BW), @entity2898 (0.5 mg/kg BW), or saline (15 mL) after induction. Increments of @entity4490 (1 mg/kg BW) were used if swallowing impaired intubation. Intubation was performed 45 s after injection of the test drug and was timed and scored. The intubation scores were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA). Time taken for intubation, body weight, and total dose of @entity4490 were analyzed with ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple-comparisons test. No significant differences (at P < 0.05) were found between the groups with regard to intubation score, time taken for intubation, or total @entity4490 dose. Thus, neuromuscular blocking agents did not aid endotracheal intubation of adult sows anesthetized with @entity4490 .

title: The effects of XXXX or low-dose @entity2898 to aid endotracheal intubation of adult sows.

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopental']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity46136 :: ('MESH:D001376', 'Chemical') :: ['azaperone']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['succinylcholine']


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity1 suffering @entity791 and disseminated @entity3219 were included in this study, comprising twenty-three males and four females, from 18 to 46 years of age (mean = 32.9). The most frequent clinical manifestations were @entity221 , @entity353 , @entity417 , @entity272 , pulmonary micronodules, @entity828 and adenomegalies. All of them presented other @entity166 or @entity5 frequently found in @entity791 @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity3219 was based upon the finding of @entity3218 in microscopic examination or in cultures from the following specimens: skin scrapings, @entity236 , bronchoalveolar lavage, blood cultures, buccal biopsies and lymph node biopsy. Serologic reactions, searching for antibodies, were positive in 11 cases. @entity2059 by oral route, at a daily dose of 200 mg (24 cases) or 400 mg (3 cases), was administered for 6 months. Those @entity1 who were clinically cured after receiving this scheme of treatment were treated with @entity2059 100 mg day-1 as a suppressive therapy. Twenty-three @entity1 were considered responders, 1 as a non-responder and 3 non-assessable. The average survival time was 7.8 months and eleven cases are still alive. @entity2059 proved to be a useful medication in disseminated @entity3219 associated with @entity791 and it was very well tolerated.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity3219 associated with @entity791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['Itraconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While the effectiveness of @entity1729 has been established for acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal tract @entity548 , its optimal timing has not been clearly defined. Early endoscopy has been advocated for its ability to achieve prompt diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic hemostasis. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early vs delayed endoscopy improves @entity1 and economic outcomes for all risk groups with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal tract @entity548 . METHODS: A systematic review of 3 computerized databases (MEDLINE, HEALTHSTAR, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) was performed along with hand searching of published abstracts to identify English-language citations from 1980 to 2000. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies met explicit inclusion criteria. The highest-quality study examining outcomes in low-risk @entity1 found no significant complications at 1-month follow-up for any outpatients managed with early endoscopy. The largest randomized trial of high-risk @entity1 showed no mortality benefit but a significant decrease in transfusion requirements with early endoscopy. Seven of the 8 studies examining the effect of early endoscopy on length of stay as a measure of resource utilization demonstrated a significant reduction compared with that of delayed endoscopy. However, most included studies were found to suffer from 1 or more potentially significant methodologic shortcomings. CONCLUSIONS: The overwhelming majority of existing data suggest that early endoscopy is safe and effective for all risk groups. The clinical and economic outcomes of early endoscopy should be confirmed in additional well-designed randomized controlled trials. Given the strength of the evidence, efforts to develop a more standardized and time-sensitive approach to acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal tract @entity548 should be undertaken.

title: Endoscopy for acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal tract XXXX : is sooner better? A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between the prevalence of @entity458 reported in published studies and design features of those studies to determine if differences in design contribute to variation in prevalence estimates. DESIGN: Systematic review, multivariate analysis. SETTING: Studies published internationally in English. @entity1 (S): Not applicable. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Prevalence estimates of difficulty with desire, arousal, orgasm, and @entity158 reported in published studies. RESULT(S): Our systematic literature search identified 1,380 publications. Fifty-five studies met our inclusion criteria (reporting prevalence, sample size and response rate, sample size greater than 100, not clinic based). Reported prevalence of sexual difficulty varied across studies (up to tenfold). Eleven aspects of research conduct in these studies were included in our multivariate analysis as explanatory variables. Five aspects of study design and conduct (data collection procedures, inclusion criteria, duration of sexual difficulty recorded, sample size, and response rate) were associated with the reported prevalence of at least one type of sexual difficulty independently of likely predictors of true variation in prevalence: study location, study year, and age range of @entity1 . CONCLUSION(S): This review provides evidence that study design may influence reported prevalence estimates of female @entity458 and contribute to the wide variation in published estimates.

title: Are aspects of study design associated with the reported prevalence of female XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual difficulties']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sexual pain']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual difficulties']


abstract: @entity189 affects preferentially young adults and is characterized by a high rate of node and visceral metastases that explains a part of therapeutic failure. We report a case of thyroid @entity3 of a @entity189 . A 50-year-old @entity1 had been treated of a @entity189 (T4 N2M0). Four years after a concomitant chemoradiotherapy, he presented with a compressive mass in the thyroid loge associated to cervical nodes. He underwent a total thyroidectomy and the definitive result concluded to an carcinome indiff  renci   de type nasopharyng   (UCNT) thyroid @entity3 . A new concomitant chemoradiotherapy was delivered and consequently the @entity5 disappeared. Secondly, several node recurrences occurred. @entity3 of UCNT in thyroid gland is exceptional. Several problems are related to its aetiopathogenesis and to its treatment that is not systematized in the literature. The prognosis like for all metastatic forms of @entity5 is unfavorable.

title: [A case of thyroid @entity3 of an XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['unusual cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the addition of @entity2176 and @entity801 to the irrigating solutions during phacoemulsification with lens implantation reduces the incidence of positive postoperative intraocular cultures. DESIGN: Two-part double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : In the preliminary study, intracameral antibiotic concentrations were measured immediately after surgery (in 10 eyes) and 2 hours after surgery (in 10 eyes) in @entity1 treated with antibiotics. In the primary study, 120 eyes underwent uncomplicated surgery. The treatment group and the placebo group were composed of 60 eyes each. INTERVENTION: The treatment group received @entity2176 , 20 micrograms/mL, and @entity801 , 8 micrograms/mL, in the irrigating fluid. The placebo group received only irrigating fluid. All @entity1 in the primary study underwent anterior chamber @entity1173 following surgery, and culturing was performed 2 hours later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Identification and quantification of positive cultures in thioglycolate broth and @entity6353 agar. RESULTS: In the preliminary study, the half-life of both intraocular antibiotics was less than 2 hours. In the primary study, intraocular aspirates yielded positive cultures in 3 specimens (5.0%) in the antibiotic-treated group and in 7 specimens (12.0%) in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Although we found a higher rate of positive postoperative cultures in the placebo group (odds ratio = 2.51), 2 hours of contact between the antibiotic solution and bacteria did not produce results that reached statistical significance (P =.18) to support adding @entity2176 and @entity801 to the irrigating solutions during phacoemulsification. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical implications of using antibiotics in irrigating solutions.

title: Postoperative contamination after using @entity2176 and XXXX during phacoemulsification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: In anaesthetized @entity468 exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide failed to elicit any secretion of saliva from the submandibular and parotid glands. However, protein release from both glands occurred in response to @entity18646 in the presence of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and was dose-dependent. This response was revealed by means of a subsequent washout flow of saliva evoked by intravenous injections of @entity2710 or stimulations of the parasympathetic innervation. The submandibular glands responded to vasoactive intestinal peptide at a lower dose than the parotid glands. In the presence of @entity3897 (but in the absence of adrenoceptor blockers), stimulation of the parasympathetic @entity27905 , which of itself elicited no secretion of saliva, contributed to the release of protein within the submandibular gland, since the output of protein in response to a subsequent stimulation of the sympathetic innervation was increased. Vasoactive intestinal peptide administered in combination with @entity2710 or during ongoing parasympathetic nerve-induced salivary secretion revealed positive interactions, particularly with respect to protein release. In-vitro protein release in response to vasoactive intestinal peptide was also demonstrated by perfusing small pieces of the two glands in the presence of muscarinic and adrenoceptor blockers. As in vivo, submandibular tissue responded at a lower concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide than the parotid tissue. One to two weeks after combined parasympathetic and sympathetic denervation of the parotid glands, the glands were sensitized to vasoactive intestinal peptide when tested in vitro. It is concluded that vasoactive intestinal peptide or a structurally related peptide is a potential transmitter in the parasympathetic control of protein secretion in salivary glands of @entity468 .

title: Protein secretion in salivary glands of XXXX in vivo and in vitro in response to vasoactive intestinal peptide.

entities_list: @entity27905 :: ('MESH:D061222', 'Disease') :: ['chorda-lingual nerve']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In recent years @entity358 has been reported in @entity1 with @entity1778 and @entity706 and bone marrow transplant recipients. It carries an extremely poor prognosis. We report our experience of clinical findings, diagnostic procedures, treatment and outcome of @entity2583 diagnosed in @entity1398 @entity1 affected by @entity1583 admitted to our Department. DESIGN AND METHODS: From November 1987 to July 1999 we observed 13 cases of Mucor. Their median age was 61 years (range 20-75), and they were predominantly in the aplastic post-chemotherapy period (12/13), affected by @entity3052 (11 cases ) or @entity1893 (2 cases). Six @entity1 (all with @entity1778 ) were receiving inductionEth consolidation therapy, 7 had progressive @entity1503 . At the onset of @entity281 all @entity1 were @entity1398 (N < 0.5x10(9)/L). No @entity1 had @entity6 . Two @entity1 had been receiving @entity134 therapy for 5 and 7 days. RESULTS: The lung was involved in all cases (13/13); disseminated disease was present in 8/13 @entity1 . All cultures (blood, sputum, nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage) were negative. In 3 @entity1 a histologic diagnosis was made in vivo: in 1 @entity1 by percutaneous pulmonary biopsy, in 1 @entity1 by @entity358 , and in the last @entity1 by percutaneous pulmonary biopsy confirmed by excision of a @entity76 . In the remaining 10 cases diagnosis was made post-mortem. Five @entity1 were not treated, 2 because of poor clinical condition and 3 because @entity364 was not suspected. @entity2379 (1 mg/kg/day) was given empirically to 6 @entity1 and 2 responded to treatment. The remaining 2 @entity1 with neurologic symptoms at the onset of @entity281 were treated with liposomal @entity2379 , Ambisome, one with 3 and one with 5 mg/kg/day; of these two @entity1 the first died in 4 days; the second, with both pulmonary and cerebellar localizations, was treated successfully with 5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks and then with 3 mg/kg/day, and excision of a @entity867 at neutrophil recovery (total dose of Ambisome: 12,000 mg). The 3 surviving leukemic @entity1 were able to complete subsequent consolidation therapy using @entity2379 or liposomal @entity2379 as secondary prophylaxis during @entity3894 . INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1398 hematologic @entity1 Mucor is rarely suspected. In our @entity1 @entity281 was often characterized by disseminated disease and a rapidly fatal course; only early aggressive @entity2379 (or Ambisome) treatment together with neutrophil recovery appeared to improve the outcome. Diagnosis is very important for programming antifungal therapy and secondary prophylaxis with @entity2379 , because Mucor is usually resistant to @entity2059 .

title: XXXX in @entity1583 : an emerging @entity364 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B', 'amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary mucormycosis', 'pulmonary lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar abscess']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['Mucormycosis']


abstract: RATIONALE: Chronic exposure to indoor @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) is a public health concern. Over half of U.S. households have a source of @entity6836 , and experimental data suggest potential for adverse respiratory effects. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of indoor @entity6836 exposure with @entity1576 among @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: @entity6836 was measured using Palmes tubes, and @entity1576 in the month before sampling were collected during home interviews of mothers of 728 @entity1 with active @entity565 . All were younger than 12 yr, lived at the sampled home for at least 2 mo, and had @entity565 symptoms or used maintenance medication within the previous year. MEASUREMENTS: Respiratory symptoms (wheeze, persistent cough, @entity1353 , chest tightness). RESULTS: Mean (SD) @entity6836 was 8.6 (9.1) ppb in homes with electric ranges and 25.9 (18.1) ppb in homes with gas stoves. In models stratified by housing type (a factor associated with socioeconomic status), gas stove presence and elevated @entity6836 were each significantly associated with @entity1576 , controlling for age, ethnicity, medication, mold/mildew, water leaks, and season of sampling. Among @entity1 in multifamily housing, exposure to gas stoves increased likelihood of wheeze (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.15, 4.47), @entity1353 (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.12, 5.06), and chest tightness (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.76, 10.69), whereas each 20-ppb increase in @entity6836 increased both likelihood of any wheeze (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04, 2.21) or chest tightness (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.04, 2.49), and days of wheeze (rate ratio (RR), 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05, 1.68) or chest tightness (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.18, 1.91). CONCLUSION: Exposure to indoor @entity6836 at levels well below the Environmental Protection Agency outdoor standard (53 ppb) is associated with @entity1576 among @entity1 with @entity565 in multifamily housing.

title: Association of indoor @entity7459 exposure with XXXX in @entity1 with @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']


abstract: The purpose of this project was to investigate the psychological and physical effects of training of body awareness and slow stretching on @entity1 with @entity137 ( @entity137 ). In the present study, a method of self-regulation, a body-mind training, is presented. The body-mind training used was a guided relaxation technique combined with meditative stretching. The techniques are introduced and the psychological and physiological effects of the training is presented. Eight subjects with @entity137 , 48.5 years, were trained for 8 weeks. Outcome measures were percentage alpha brain waves (alpha%), electromyography (EMG) on the frontalis muscle, state-trait @entity148 (STAI), creativity ( @entity35 ), and mood measured as anxiousness, @entity3777 . The mean alpha% increased 52% during the training period (P < 0.01), and the EMG decreased 31% (P < 0.001. State @entity148 decreased 22% during the training period (P < 0.01), but no changes were observed in trait @entity148 and in the creativity score. The level of anxiousness and @entity1295 before a training session decreased during the training period. In conclusion, the body-mind training resulted in an improved ability for physical and mental relaxation as indicated from the lower EMG, the higher alpha% and the decrease in state @entity148 .

title: Effects of body-mind training and relaxation stretching on @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['CTE', 'chronic toxic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3777 :: ('MESH:D005222', 'Disease') :: ['humour and mental fatigue']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['chronic toxic encephalopathy']


abstract: Repopulation of memory T cells (Tmem) in allograft recipients after lymphodepletion is a major barrier to transplant tolerance induction. Ineffective depletion of na  ve T cells (Tn) and Tmem may predispose to repopulation of Tmem after transplantation. @entity5434 monkeys given heart allografts were lymphodepleted using Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H; anti- @entity14260 ). Peripheral blood (PB) and @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) were analyzed for CD95(-) (Tn) and CD95(+) cells (Tmem), one day, one month and up to three months after Alemtuzumab infusion. @entity14260 expression, susceptibility to Alemtuzumab @entity137 and pro-apoptotic @entity55066 were evaluated in Tn and Tmem. In vivo, Alemtuzumab induction profoundly depleted lymphocytes in PB (99% reduction) but exerted a lesser effect in @entity1600 (70% reduction), with similar depletion of Tn and Tmem subsets. After transplantation, Tmem comprised the majority of lymphocytes in PB and @entity1600 . In vitro, @entity1600 cells were more resistant to Alemtuzumab-mediated @entity137 than PB lymphocytes. CD4(+) Tn and Tmem were equally susceptible to Alemtuzumab-mediated @entity137 , whereas CD8(+) Tn were more resistant than CD8(+) Tmem. However, no significant differences in @entity14260 expression between lymphocyte subsets in PB and @entity1600 were observed. @entity55066 expression was higher in PB than @entity1600 cells. CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tn expressed lower levels of @entity55066 than Tmem, in both PB and @entity1600 . Thus, after Alemtuzumab infusion, residual Tn in secondary lymphoid tissue may predispose to rapid recovery of Tmem in allograft recipients.

title: Post-transplant repopulation of na  ve and memory T cells in blood and lymphoid tissue after alemtuzumab-mediated depletion in heart-transplanted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Cynomolgus macaque']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'LN T', 'lymph nodes']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) are unique in that they exhibit diverse biological characteristics and pathological features. Although several in vivo @entity1777 models are available, studies on @entity2971 are hampered because in vivo development of @entity2971 is time consuming and prevents a detailed molecular analysis of the transformation process. Here we developed a novel strategy to transform @entity19 testis cells in vitro. Lentivirus-mediated transfection of dominant negative @entity186 , @entity18122 , and activated @entity11517 into a @entity36826 -expressing testis cells caused tumorigenic conversion in vitro. Although these cells resembled embryonic stem (ES) cells, they were @entity2007 and lacked Nanog expression, which is involved in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state in ES cells. Euploid ES-like cells were produced by transfecting the Yamanaka factors ( @entity11824 , @entity18122 , @entity2005 , and @entity14231 ) into the same cell population. Although these cells expressed Nanog, they were distinct from ES cells in that they expressed @entity3844 , a @entity5 stem cell antigen. Both treatments induced similar changes in the DNA methylation patterns in differentially methylated regions of imprinted genes. Moreover, despite the differences in their phenotype and karyotype, both cell types similarly produced mixed @entity2971 on transplantation, which were composed of @entity44 , @entity4797 , and @entity189 . Thus, in vitro testis cell transformation facilitates an analysis of the @entity1777 formation process, and our results also suggest the close similarity between @entity1777 formation and reprogramming.

title: In vitro transformation of XXXX testis cells by oncogene transfection.

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['GCTs', 'Germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Hoarseness in unilateral vocal fold @entity912 is mainly due to irregular vocal fold vibrations caused by asymmetries within the larynx physiology. By means of a digital high-speed camera @entity3746 can be observed in real-time. It is possible to extract the irregular @entity3746 from the high-speed recordings using appropriate image processing techniques. An inversion procedure is developed which adjusts the parameters of a biomechanical model of the vocal folds to reproduce the irregular @entity3746 . Within the inversion procedure a first parameter approximation is achieved through a knowledge-based algorithm. The final parameter optimization is performed using a genetic algorithm. The performance of the inversion procedure is evaluated using 430 synthetically generated data sets. The evaluation results comprise an error estimation of the inversion procedure and show the reliability of the algorithm. The inversion procedure is applied to 15 healthy voice subjects and 15 subjects suffering from unilateral vocal fold @entity912 . The optimized parameter sets allow a classification of pathologic and healthy @entity3746 . The classification may serve as a basis for therapy selection and quantification of therapy outcome in case of unilateral vocal fold @entity912 .

title: Classification of unilateral vocal fold XXXX by endoscopic digital high-speed recordings and inversion of a biomechanical model.

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal fold oscillations']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']