abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1499 is a second-line anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of @entity627 . At low doses (12.5 mg/week), it is associated with few serious side effects. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) with chronic noninfectious ocular inflammatory disease, who had not responded to or who had become intolerant of @entity228 or alternate cytotoxic agents, were treated weekly with oral low-dose, pulse @entity1499 . @entity66 included @entity1596 (9), @entity3170 (4), @entity6437 (3), @entity39711 (3), and @entity4816 (3). RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 2 to 39 months (mean, 11 months). Response time ranged from 3 to 9 weeks (mean, 5 weeks) after implementation of @entity1499 therapy. Sixteen of 22 @entity1 had reduction of inflammatory activity. Fourteen of these 16 @entity1 were able to taper or discontinue corticosteroid therapy. Five @entity1 had complete remission of their disease; six @entity1 did not respond to @entity1499 . CONCLUSION: Treatment with low-dose @entity1499 appears to be effective therapy for @entity134 -resistant ocular inflammatory disease.

title: Low-dose XXXX therapy for ocular inflammatory disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Treated diseases']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['chronic uveitis-vitreitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['scleritis']

entities_list: @entity39711 :: ('MESH:D055622', 'Disease') :: ['orbital myositis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: A prospective double-blind placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial was carried out to determine the effectiveness of short-course of high dose @entity619 therapy on mortality and neurological recovery in @entity64 @entity1 . During a sixteen month period of study, 230 @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity64 were seen. Of these, 40 were eligible for the study (27 were presumed to have had @entity548 ; and 13 were presumed to have had @entity385 ). The commonest cause of exclusion was presentation after 24 hours of the ictus. @entity1 were sequentially paired and randomised into high dose @entity619 and placebo groups in a double-blind fashion. There were twenty @entity1 in either group. Of the 27 @entity1 with @entity548 , 15 were in the @entity619 group and 12 in the placebo group. Of the 13 @entity1 with @entity385 , 5 were in the @entity619 group and 8 in the placebo group. Each @entity1 received 100 mg of @entity619 stat, and 16 mg every 6 hours for a period of 48 hours or equivalent volumes of placebo. Assessment of each @entity1 was done using a neurological score. Sequential analysis by Armitage was employed, using survival at 1 month as the primary criterion of effectiveness. Survivors were followed-up for 6 months. At the end of one month, 16 @entity1 (80%) had died in the @entity619 group and 17 (85%) in the placebo group. The average day of @entity204 was six days in the @entity619 group and 15 days in the placebo group, but this was not statistically significant. Of the seven survivors at one month, four were in the @entity619 group and 3 in the placebo group. Five of them had @entity385 and two had @entity548 . The two in the @entity548 subgroup who survived the first month died at the 2nd and 4th month respectively. At the end of six months, only the five @entity1 with @entity385 were alive. Of these, 2 in the @entity619 group were back at work while the third was chair-bound. The 2 survivors in the placebo group were chair and bed bound respectively. In conclusion, this study failed to demonstrate any benefit of a short-course of high dose @entity134 in improving the mortality of @entity64 @entity1 and its use should be discouraged. However, possible benefit in the morbidity of survivors in the @entity1 with @entity385 requires further studies.

title: Effectiveness of high dose @entity619 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke', 'haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have addressed long-term results comparing laparoscopic and open splenectomy in @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). We analyzed the 1-year results comparing age, sex, length of preoperative @entity134 therapy, diagnosis-to-splenectomy interval, and preoperative platelet count in relation to postoperative response after open and laparoscopic splenectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data collected from two groups, treated by laparoscopic and open splenectomy, respectively, of 20 @entity1 each were retrospectively reviewed. Positive response to splenectomies, evaluated according to the International Working Group guidelines reported by the American Society of Hematology, was statistically related through Student's t test and the Pearson correlation test to the above-mentioned factors. RESULTS: Positive response to splenectomy was observed in 80% and 85% of @entity1 , respectively, in the laparoscopic and open groups (P > .10). No statistical differences were observed comparing each of the studied factors between laparoscopic and open splenectomy responder @entity1 (P > .10). When percentage increase of postoperative platelet count was related to diagnosis-to-splenectomy interval, a positive correlation was found in the laparoscopic group (r = 0.544, P < .05). In addition, a significant negative correlation in both groups was observed comparing preoperative platelet count and percentage postoperative platelet increase, with a greater increase of postoperative platelet count in @entity1 with a lower preoperative platelet count (laparoscopic group, r = -0.663; open group, r = -0.656; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: In this series long-term results after laparoscopic splenectomy in @entity3039 @entity1 were as effective as after the open approach. Higher postoperative platelet percentage increase was achieved in both groups in @entity1 with a lower preoperative platelet count. Finally, laparoscopic splenectomy in this study seems to be superior to the open approach in @entity1 with a longer diagnosis-to-splenectomy interval.

title: Long-term results after splenectomy in adult XXXX : comparison between open and laparoscopic procedures.

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical manifestation, outcome, and factors predicting @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity259 and concurrent @entity1378 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of 37 @entity3935 @entity1 with differentiated @entity189 of the thyroid who were operated on between 1979 and 1995. The follow-up period ranged from 562 days to 14 years 9 months (mean +/- SE, 2093+/-201 days). SETTING: University hospital with an annual performance rate of about 700 thyroid operations. @entity1 : Thyroidectomy was performed in 37 @entity1 (31 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ), including 33 @entity189 . The mean +/- SE age of the @entity1 was 38.6+/-2.2 years. RESULTS: The mean +/- SE diameter of @entity5 was 13.2+/-0.9 mm (range, 2-67 mm). The @entity5 size in 25 @entity1 (68%) was 10 mm or smaller. Subtotal thyroidectomy (21 @entity1 ), total thyroidectomy (8 @entity1 ), near-total thyroidectomy (4 @entity1 ), and completion thyroidectomy (4 @entity1 ) were performed. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent postoperative @entity22598 I 131 (131I) ablation for thyroid remnant. There was 1 local recurrence, 3 @entity3 to regional neck lymph nodes, and 3 distant @entity3 . A @entity1 with @entity189 died of @entity3 at 3 years 4 months after thyroidectomy. Age, sex, duration of @entity1109 , @entity5 size, histopathological findings, type of @entity5651 , extent of surgery, 131I ablation, and 6-week postoperative serum concentrations of @entity3745 or thyrotropin were not significant factors in predicting @entity3 . Serum levels of @entity1954 and @entity1955 before antithyroid treatment in the @entity1 with @entity3 were significantly higher than in those without @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1 with @entity259 and concurrent @entity1378 have small @entity189 .

title: @entity259 with concurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity22598 :: ('MESH:D012974', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium iodide']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'papillary carcinomas and 4 follicular carcinomas', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed a prospective, randomized, controlled study to compare intravesical @entity1259 and @entity632 as adjuvant therapy after endoscopic resection of superficial @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We randomly allocated 253 eligible @entity1 to 4 study arms. Seven to 14 days after transurethral @entity150 resection instillation of the intravesical agent was instituted, including 50 and 80 mg. @entity1259 in study @entity9920 , respectively, and 50 mg. @entity632 in arm 3. Control arm 4 included @entity1 who underwent transurethral @entity150 resection alone. Instillation was repeated weekly for 8 weeks and monthly thereafter to complete 1 year of treatment. All @entity1 were followed every 3 months by cystourethroscopy, urine cytology and deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry for 12 to 48 months (mean 30.1). RESULTS: Rates of recurrence were significantly lower in the chemotherapy groups than in controls (p < 0.001) and in the @entity1259 groups than in the @entity632 group (p = 0.02). In arms 1 to 4 recurrence rates were 25, 17.6, 36.7 and 65.6%, respectively. Recurrence rates per 100 @entity1 months were 0.83, 0.60, 1.18 and 2.73, respectively, which were significant statistically, and lower after chemotherapy in general and @entity1259 in particular (p < 0.05). Mean interval to first recurrence was 16, 15.4, 18.9 and 6.3 months, respectively, with a significant difference between the chemotherapy and control groups (p < 0.05). Progression to muscle invasive disease occurred in 7 (10.9%), 3 (4.4%), 6 (10%) and 5 @entity1 (8.2%), respectively, in arms 1 to 4 (p > 0.05). We studied the relationships among different risk factors, and patterns of recurrence and progression. For @entity2558 @entity5 recurrence rates in arms 1 to 4 were 26.3, 17.8, 39.3 and 70.9%, respectively, which were significantly lower in the chemotherapy group than in controls (p < 0.001) and in the @entity1259 groups than in the @entity632 group (p = 0.01). @entity137 and untoward side effects developed in 10 (15.6%), 16 (23.5%) and 25 (41.7%) @entity1 in chemotherapy arms 1 to 3, respectively, with a marginal insignificant difference between low and high dose @entity1259 (p = 0.3), and significantly lower @entity137 rates in @entity9920 than in 3 (p = 0.002). A contracted bladder developed in 2.1% of all @entity1 who received chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity1259 has better efficacy and lower @entity137 than @entity632 when used as an intravesical agent.

title: Intravesical @entity1259 versus @entity632 for superficial @entity150 (stages pTa and XXXX ): a randomized prospective study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

answer: @entity2558 :: (58492,Gene) :: ['pT1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of high-dose @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) has been established in pollen @entity7370 . This treatment has now been evaluated using an ultra-rush incremental dose regimen with a Juniperus ashei allergen extract in @entity1 @entity56 and Cupressus arizonica. METHODS: @entity1 received either placebo or @entity1282 . Evaluation of safety was based on the frequency of adverse events during the incremental dose period (half a day) and during maintenance therapy (4 months). Evaluation of efficacy was based on symptom and medication scores at the pollen peak. RESULTS: Seventy of the 76 @entity1 included completed the study. There were no drop-outs during the rush procedure. One @entity1 in the active group dropped out during the maintenance therapy due to adverse events: @entity158 and @entity391 . There was also 1 drop-out in the placebo group due to pregnancy. Adverse events were infrequent, local and mild. Symptom scores for @entity2490 and @entity2024 were not statistically different between groups, but there was a marked and significant (p < 0.03) decrease of the medication score (about 50%) and nasal @entity134 consumption (about 75%) in the active treatment group. An increase from baseline of serum IgE and IgG4 J. ashei-specific antibodies was only observed in actively treated @entity1 (p < 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The tolerability and safety of high-dose ultra-rush @entity1282 were comparable to those reported in previous @entity1282 studies. @entity1282 with J. ashei extract, due to its high Jun a 1 content, significantly reduced nasal @entity134 consumption in @entity1 allergic to European cypress.

title: Safety and efficacy of Juniperus ashei sublingual-swallow ultra-rush pollen immunotherapy in XXXX . A double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic to Cupressus sempervirens']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['gastric pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['sublingual-swallow immunotherapy', 'SLIT']

answer: @entity7370 :: (OMIM:613207,Disease) :: ['cypress rhinoconjunctivitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To solve the problem of donor scarcity, many attempts have been made including improved community education, relaxed organ acceptance criteria, increased reliance on single lung transplantation, and the use of partial organ donation. Unfortunately, these efforts have produced only modest increases in lung allograft availability; therefore, the so-called non-heart-beating organ donation must be considered. The aim of this study is to assess the viability of the non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) lung transplant @entity35 model and determine the best strategy to manage the donor before and after @entity1167 . METHODS: Fifty-five inbred Fischer @entity35 were used as donors and recipients in an isogenic model of left lung transplantation. The @entity35 were divided into 6 groups (n = 5): group I, normal controls without transplant; group II, @entity299 ( @entity299 ); group III, NHBD, no heparin, no ventilation during @entity63 ; group IV, NHBD, heparin, no ventilation; group V, NHBD, no heparin, ventilation; group VI, NHBD, heparin, ventilation. All lungs were stored at 4 degrees C for 4 hours. Animals were killed 24 hours after implantation. Gas exchange, pulmonary artery pressure, compliance, chest x-ray score, and histological score were assessed. RESULTS: Heparinized and ventilated animals during @entity63 (group VI) had similar performance than those transplanted without @entity63 time in a scenario of heart-beating donor (group II). Groups III, IV, and V transplanted lungs showed severe damage. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that the @entity35 lung transplantation model is useful to study the phenomena that occur in a setting of transplantation using NHBD and that heparinization and ventilation before @entity1167 is the best strategy to manage non-heart-beating donors in this model.

title: Pre-arrest heparinization and ventilation during XXXX preserves lung function in non-heart-beating donors.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['warm ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart-beating donor controls', 'HBD']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['warm ischemia']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this multi-hospital study was to assess the in vitro activity of @entity19010 and its comparators, @entity2892 and @entity2889 , using the new CLSI breakpoints against a large population of a frequently isolated nosocomial pathogen, @entity3064 . METHODS AND RESULTS: During a 2-year period, four referral or tertiary hospitals submitted 400 isolates of A. baumannii for susceptibility testing using @entity2892 , @entity2889 , and @entity19010 via disk diffusion and E-test methods. A subset of 390 isolates was resistant to all three tested carbapenems. @entity19010 and @entity2889 (MIC50 , 32  g ml(-1) ) had comparable activity, albeit @entity19010 's activity was greater than @entity2892 (MIC50 , >32  g ml(-1) ). A significantly higher proportion of the isolates were inhibited by @entity19010 than by @entity2892 at MIC values of 12, 16, 24 and 32  g ml(-1) (P<0.05). The cumulative percentage of @entity2892 MICs were lower compared to its comparators. The comparison of resistance rate to @entity2892 and @entity2889 based on old and new breakpoints showed less than 1% difference. The overall agreement between the two susceptibility testing methods was >=  95%. CONCLUSION: @entity19010 has a slightly greater in vitro activity than @entity2892 in terms of zone breakpoints and MIC values, but its activity is comparable to @entity2889 . SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: @entity19010 should be considered as a therapeutic option for monotherapy or combination therapy, particularly when the therapeutic options are limited. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Comparative in vitro activity of carbapenems against clinical isolates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity19010 :: ('MESH:C099245', 'Chemical') :: ['Doripenem', 'doripenem']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the values of detecting @entity453 by computed tomography angiogram (CTA) on non-cardiac surgery planning and cardiac risk assessment of @entity453 during perioperative period. METHODS: A total of 89 @entity1 with suspected @entity301 ( @entity301 ) scheduled for non-cardiac surgery underwent coronary CTA to evaluate luminal stenosis and calculate @entity730 score. There were 56 males and 33 females with a mean age of 65.1 years. Operative sites included chests (n = 29), abdomens and pelvis (n = 26), large vessels (n = 3), bones and joints (n = 19) and other regions (n = 12). Reasons of abandoned or postponed surgery were documented to analyze the influence of CTA results on surgery planning. @entity299 were recorded to assess the correlation with @entity453 . RESULTS: Among them, 75 @entity1 (84.27%) were diagnosed as @entity731 while 10 @entity1 (11.24%) were negative; 2 @entity1 had coronary artery bypass and another 2 had stent implantation. According to the results of CTA, 12 operations (13.48%) were canceled and 8 (8.98%) postponed after interventions. Severe stenosis of coronary lumen had significant effects on surgery planning (P = 0.003) while @entity730 score did not. In @entity1 undergoing surgery as scheduled or after intervention, 1 had @entity955 at post-operation. CONCLUSION: For the @entity1 with suspected @entity301 scheduled for non-cardiac surgery, severity of @entity3979 may greatly influence surgery planning. Preoperative coronary CTA may decrease the incidence of @entity299 during perioperative period.

title: [Values of computed tomography angiogram in non-cardiac surgery planning and cardiac risk assessment of XXXX during perioperative period].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac events', 'cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The choice of a valve substitute in young adults requires a decision balancing the risks of long-term anticoagulation versus reoperation(s). This article analyzes the long-term risk and determinants of @entity1031 ( @entity548 ) complications after mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS: From December 1963 to January 1974, 249 @entity1 survived a mechanical AVR at our institution. Mean age was 41.8+/-12.4 years and 81% (n = 202) were male. Ball valves were implanted in 24% (n = 61) and disc valves in 76% (n = 188). Patients were anticoagulated with @entity2067 antagonists and @entity4341 . A total of 4,855 @entity1 -years was available for analysis. Mean follow-up was 19.5+/-9.4 years and was 100% complete. Analyses were performed with Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression methods. RESULTS: One hundred and two @entity1 had one @entity1031 or @entity548 postoperative event and 58 @entity1 had two postoperative events. Six @entity1 had more than five postoperative events. Freedom from a first postoperative event was 74.8%+/-2.9%, 55.3%+/-3.5%, and 46.8%+/-4.0% at 10, 20, and 30 years, respectively. Freedom from a second postoperative event was 45.4%+/-5.4%, 29%+/-6.0%, and 23.2%+/-7.1% at 10, 20, and 30 years, respectively. Multivariate predictors for @entity1031 or @entity548 complications were ball valve (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.9), @entity86 (OR = 2.2), and any surgery (OR = 2.2). The incidence of events was highest the first 5 postoperative years. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of adverse events is highest the first 5 postoperative years. Once an event has occurred, the risk for a second event is increased. The incidence and frequency of events is substantial and should be considered in the choice of a valve substitute.

title: Repeated XXXX and @entity548 events after mechanical aortic valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic (TE) and bleeding', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endocarditis']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are prototypes of agents targeting epigenetic modifications and have received considerable attention for their promise as targeted anticancer drugs. We examined the effects and potential mechanism(s) of combining @entity13537 and irradiation in @entity1 @entity5 cells having activated @entity470 or @entity1722 signaling, focusing on the role of @entity15688 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We evaluated whether the HDI, @entity13537 , would radiosensitize a panel of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines having activated @entity470 or @entity1722 signaling. A mechanistic role for the @entity15688 isotype was investigated using RNA interference and ectopic overexpression @entity15688 . RESULTS: The HDI, @entity13537 , enhanced the radiosensitivity of the @entity1 @entity189 cell lines we tested. Radiosensitization was accompanied by abrogation of radiation-induced G2/M arrest and was associated with aberrant mitotic features and prolonged gammaH2AX foci. Radiation-induced apoptosis was also increased. @entity13537 radiosensitized cells with activated @entity470 or @entity1722 signaling to a greater degree than the HDIs @entity40648 or @entity10319 . However radiosensitization by the three HDI was equivalent in cells without activation of this signaling. @entity13537 led acetylation of histone H3 and @entity4041 . This was associated with down-regulation of the client oncoproteins @entity470 , @entity1722 , and decreased phosphorylation of Akt and @entity3963 . Specific inhibition of @entity15688 by RNAi increased radiosensitivity as well as increasing acetylation of @entity4041 and reducing the association of @entity4041 with its client proteins. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of @entity15688 isotype increased the levels of p- @entity470 and p-AKT expression, and reduced @entity13537 -mediated radiosensitization. CONCLUSIONS: These findings define a unique mechanism for counteracting pro-survival signaling from @entity470 or @entity1722 that is present in many @entity5 cells.

title: Epigenetic modulation of radiation response in XXXX @entity5 cells with activated @entity470 or @entity1722 signaling: potential role of @entity15688 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was carried out to evaluate whether @entity194 varies among different chronic @entity1538 . METHODS: The study included 625 Caucasian @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ), 123 @entity1 with secondary @entity1538 ( @entity9998 n=86; @entity1538 n=37), and 481 normal subjects. @entity725 was differentiated into highly myopic @entity725 (n=32), juvenile @entity725 (n=33), focal normal-pressure @entity726 (n=46), " @entity725 " with marked fundus tesselation (n=89), and "ordinary @entity725 " comprising the remaining @entity725 eyes (n=425). Color stereo optic disc photographs were morphometrically evaluated. RESULTS: The beta zone of @entity194 was significantly larger in @entity725 (1.00+/-1.37 mm(2)) than in @entity9998 (0.65+/-0.93 mm(2)), @entity1538 (0.42+/-0.58 mm(2)), ordinary @entity725 (0.66+/-1.06 mm(2)), and focal normal-pressure @entity726 (0.34+/-0.36 mm(2)). In ordinary @entity725 , the beta zone was significantly larger than in juvenile @entity725 (0.33+/-0.72 mm(2)). Compared with all @entity726 groups, the beta zone was significantly the smallest in the normal eyes (0. 18+/-0.57 mm(2)). The alpha zone of @entity194 was significantly larger in the @entity726 groups than in the normal control group, with no significant difference between the @entity726 groups. The myopic crescent (4.11+/-3.42 mm(2)) present in the highly myopic eyes was significantly larger than the beta zone in any other group. CONCLUSION: The beta zone of @entity194 varies by a factor of more than 3 between the various types of chronic primary and secondary @entity1538 . This may be important diagnostically and pathogenetically.

title: @entity194 in the chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG', 'sclerotic POAG']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'pigmentary glaucoma', 'open-angle glaucomas']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoexfoliative glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['parapapillary atrophy']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucomas']


abstract: It has been proposed that the presence of enduring, @entity191 define a group of @entity1 with a disease ( @entity51 , DS) that is separate from other forms of @entity161 (nondeficit @entity161 , NDS). Although several findings support this hypothesis, the possibility that DS represents the severe end of a single @entity161 continuum cannot be excluded yet. We tested the hypothesis that DS and NDS differ relative to event-related potentials (ERPs). Amplitude, scalp topography and cortical sources of the ERP components were assessed in clinically stable DS and NDS outpatients and in matched healthy subjects (HCS). Twenty subjects per group were recruited. Among the subjects who completed the target detection task, there were no group difference in accuracy. For N1, only @entity1 with DS, as compared with HCS, showed an amplitude reduction over the scalp central leads and a reduced current source density in cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus. For P3, only @entity1 with NDS, as compared with HCS, showed a lateralized amplitude reduction over the left posterior regions and reduced current source density in left temporal and bilateral frontal, cingulate and parietal areas. The DS and @entity20650 groups differed significantly from each other with regard to N1 amplitude and topography, as well as P3 amplitude and cortical sources. The N1 was affected in DS but not in NDS @entity1 , whereas P3 was affected in NDS only. This double dissociation is consistent with the hypothesis that DS represents a separate disease entity within @entity161 .

title: Double dissociation of N1 and P3 abnormalities in deficit and nondeficit XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic negative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of bone density changes in lumbar vertebrae and femoral necks in @entity1 with @entity11810 (OP) at various ages. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed on @entity1 who had their primary visits between March 2008 and February 2009. The @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the lumbar vertebrae 1-4 (L1-L4) in anteroposterior projection and the proximal femoral neck in lateral projection were measured. If the @entity79 values (T score) of any site is -2.5 or less (T  <= -2.5), the @entity1 were diagnosed as primary OP, and the T scores were statistically analyzed. The 81 @entity1 who had lumbar vertebrae with a T  <= -2.5 led to a positive rate of 80.1 % in the diagnosis of primary OP; the 47 @entity1 who had femoral neck with a T  <= -2.5 gave a positive rate of 47.0 %. The @entity1 with type I or type II primary OP were divided into two age groups of  <=70 and >= 71 years old. The comparison of lumbar spine T score values did not show significant statistical difference (P > 0.05) between the age groups, while the result of the femoral necks revealed significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). In diagnosis of primary OP, anteroposterior lumbar spine offers a significantly higher detection rate than that of the femoral neck, but to the @entity1 older than 70, the measurement of femoral neck may generate higher detection rate. It is more sensitive to measure lumbar trabecular bone, especially to the @entity1 in early postmenopausal period. @entity79 in elderly @entity1 may falsely increase with age, attention should be paid to the determination of the hip bone mass.

title: Study on bone density at various skeletal sites for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity11810 :: ('MESH:C537700', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoporosis']

answer: @entity11810 :: (MESH:C537700,Disease) :: ['primary osteoporosis']


abstract: Deregulation of the hedgehog (HH) pathway results in overexpression of the GLI target @entity1379 and is an initiating event in specific @entity5 types including @entity1491 . Regulation of the HH pathway during keratinocyte differentiation is not well understood. We measured HH pathway activity in response to differentiation stimuli in keratinocytes. An upregulation of suppressor of fused ( @entity39597 ), a negative regulator of the HH pathway, lowered HH pathway activity and was accompanied by loss of @entity1379 expression associated with keratinocyte differentiation. We used in vitro and in vivo models to demonstrate that /\Np63a, a crucial regulator of epidermal development, activates @entity39597 transcription in keratinocytes. Increasing @entity39597 protein levels inhibited GLI-mediated gene activation in suprabasal keratinocytes and promoted differentiation. Loss of @entity39597 expression caused deregulation of keratinocyte differentiation and @entity1379 overexpression. Using in vivo @entity19 models, we also provide evidence of GLI-mediated regulation of the @entity14161 pathway. @entity14161 expression appears essential to establish an optimally functioning HH pathway. These observations present a regulatory mechanism by which @entity39597 acts as an interacting node between the HH and @entity14161 pathways to mediate differentiation and maintain epidermal homeostasis. Disruption of this regulatory node can be an important contributor to multistep @entity105 .

title: Interaction between the XXXX and SHH pathways is an important determinant of epidermal homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma of the skin']

answer: @entity14161 :: (22061(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TP63']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5858 and @entity6330 are used in the fermentation of milk to produce yoghurt. These species normally metabolize only the @entity413 moiety of @entity1132 , secreting @entity3649 and producing @entity880 as the main metabolic end product. We have used multiple serial selection steps to isolate spontaneous mutants of industrial strains of @entity5859 and Lb. delbrueckii subsp. @entity6330 which secrete @entity413 rather than @entity3649 when utilizing @entity1132 as a @entity505 source. Sequencing revealed that the @entity5859 strains have mutations in the galKTEM promoter, the glucokinase gene and in genes encoding elements of the @entity413 / @entity3913 phosphotransferase system (PTS). These strains metabolize @entity3649 but are unable to phosphorylate @entity413 internally or via the PTS. The Lb. delbrueckii subsp. @entity6330 mutants have mutations in genes of the @entity413 / @entity3913 PTS and in the @entity2388 kinase gene. These strains cannot grow on exogenous @entity413 but are proficient at metabolizing internal @entity413 released from @entity1132 by b-galactosidase. The resulting strains can be combined to ferment milk, producing yoghurt with no detectable @entity1132 , moderate levels of @entity3649 and high levels of @entity413 . Since @entity413 tastes considerably sweeter than either @entity1132 or @entity3649 , the sweetness of the yoghurt is perceptively enhanced. These strains were produced without the use of recombinant DNA technology and can be used for the industrial production of yoghurt with enhanced intrinsic sweetness and low residual levels of @entity1132 . IMPORTANCE: Based on a good understanding of the physiology of the @entity880 bacteria @entity5858 and @entity6330 we were able to dramatically change the metabolic products secreted into the growth medium by selection of spontaneously occurring mutants. These mutants consume substantially more of the @entity1132 , metabolize some of the @entity3649 and secrete the remaining @entity3649 and most of the @entity413 back into the milk. This allows production of yoghurt with very low @entity1132 levels and enhanced natural sweetness because @entity1 perceive @entity413 as sweeter than either @entity1132 or @entity3649 .

title: Enhancing the sweetness of yoghurt through metabolic remodeling of carbohydrate metabolism in @entity5858 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6330 :: ('1585', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus', 'bulgaricus']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Species') :: ['S. thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity6330 :: (1585,Species) :: ['bulgaricus']


abstract: In reentrant @entity1165 (VT), the postpaced @entity3205 ( @entity3205 ) during transient entrainment at a pacing site far from the central common pathway is longer than the @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ), when VT is represented by a figure-eight model. However, the reentrant circuit has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to present VT in which the postpaced @entity3205 became identical to @entity3656 during transient entrainment while fusion is evident in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Among 38 @entity1 with inducible reentrant VTs who underwent electrophysiologic study (EPS), 10 VTs of six @entity1 were selected. All @entity1 had underlying @entity299 : dilated @entity296 (n = 2), @entity453 (n = 1), postoperative @entity215 ( @entity215 ; n = 2), and @entity4128 right @entity67 (n = 1). Catheter mapping was performed to demonstrate that the site of origin was distant from the pacing site. The cycle length of induced VT (n = 10 VTs) was 380 +/- 41 msec. Five @entity1 (83%) had two morphological VTs; one a @entity714 ( @entity714 ) and the other a @entity714 ( @entity714 ) pattern. During rapid pacing, constant fusion was observed in all VTs, but the postpaced @entity3205 was identical to @entity3656 . In 2 @entity1 (4 VTs), the revolution of wavefronts around an anatomical obstacle (scar of myotomy in @entity215 , and @entity1188 ) was demonstrated. The fact that the postpaced @entity3205 was identical to @entity3656 but showed fusion in the surface ECG can be explained by macro-reentry. The pacing site must be located at the preferential route of the macroreentrant circuit.

title: Fusion with postpaced XXXX identical to tachycardia cycle length during transient entrainment of @entity1165 and its implications.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['VTCL', 'VT cycle length']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['LBBB', 'RBBB', 'right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity3205 :: ('MESH:D056806', 'Disease') :: ['return cycle', 'RC']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysplasia']

answer: @entity3205 :: (MESH:D056806,Disease) :: ['return cycle']


abstract: Drug resistance of mutations in @entity2858 protease (PR) is the most severe challenge to the long-term efficacy of @entity2858 PR inhibitor in highly active antiretroviral therapy. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of drug resistance associated with mutations ( @entity41612 , @entity24599 , @entity41613 , and @entity28298 ) and inhibitor ( @entity41614 ) complexes, we have performed five @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations and calculated the binding free energies using the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method. The ranking of calculated binding free energies is in accordance with the experimental data. The free energy spectra of each residue and inhibitor interaction for all complexes show a similar binding model. Analysis based on the @entity74 trajectories and contribution of each residues show that groups R2 and R3 mainly contribute van der Waals energies, while groups R1 and R4 contribute electrostatic interaction by @entity3884 bonds. The drug resistance of @entity41612 can be attributed to the decline in binding affinity of residues 28 and 29. The size of Val50 is smaller than Ile50 causes the residue to move, especially in chain A. The stable hydrophobic core, including the side chain of Ile54 in the @entity164 ( @entity164 ) complex, became unstable in @entity41613 because the side chain of Met54 is flexible with two alternative conformations. The binding affinity of Ala82 in @entity28298 decreases relative to Val82 in @entity164 . The present study could provide important guidance for the design of a potent new drug resisting the mutation inhibitors.

title: Computational Studies of a Mechanism for Binding and Drug Resistance in the Wild Type and Four Mutations of @entity2858 Protease with a XXXX Inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity41612 :: ('p|SUB|D|30|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D30N']

entities_list: @entity28298 :: ('p|SUB|V|82|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V82A']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity41613 :: ('p|SUB|I|54|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I54M']

entities_list: @entity24599 :: ('p|SUB|I|50|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I50V']

answer: @entity41614 :: (MESH:C579815,Chemical) :: ['GRL-0519']


abstract: @entity3178 ( @entity3178 ) is comprised of two entities, lymphocytic (LC) and @entity4143 . Up to 20% of @entity1 with chronic @entity294 that have a normal appearing colonoscopy will be diagnosed with @entity3178 . Since @entity3178 was first described less than 40 years ago, little is known about the mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with an increased risk of @entity3178 and some reports suggest a dysregulation in @entity3009 production. Recent genome wide screens have found an association between @entity3009 receptor @entity2912 expression and @entity29 ; however, @entity2912 expression has never been studied in @entity3178 . The aim of this study was to assess colonic mucosal inflammatory cytokine profiles in @entity1 with LC and to assess expression of the @entity3009 receptor @entity2912 . Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained from @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy for investigation of @entity294 and in those undergoing @entity694 screening. Following histological assessment, expression of cytokines and the @entity3009 receptor @entity2912 was analyzed using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemistry. @entity1 with LC had markedly increased mRNA expression for @entity310 , @entity379 and @entity687 compared to normal controls (p<0.001). No significant differences were noted for @entity1356 , @entity3646 , @entity688 or IL-12/23. Interestingly, those with LC had increased @entity2912 receptor expression, which positively correlated with increased @entity310 expression. This is the first report to demonstrate that LC is associated with increased @entity310 , INF-y and @entity687 concurrent with a marked up-regulation of @entity2912 . These findings add to our knowledge on the pathogenesis of LC and may give rise to possible new therapeutic and/or diagnostic tools in the management of @entity3178 .

title: Lymphocytic colitis is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine profile and up regulation of XXXX receptor @entity2912 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['Microscopic colitis', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: The extent to which @entity1372 levels may be regulated by consumption was examined in two experiments that offered @entity35 foods varying in @entity2827 ( @entity1219 ) content. In the first, @entity35 received single purified diets containing from 0% to 3% @entity1219 . There were no effects of @entity1219 level on the amount or pattern of daily food intake; water intake, however, increased with salt content. In the second study, @entity35 had choices between a @entity1219 -free food and a food containing either 1, 2, or 3% @entity1219 for 1 week each. Total food intake was unaffected. Proportional intake of the salt-free option increased with the salt content of the alternate food, but not sufficiently to maintain a constant @entity1219 intake. After 8 weeks of exposure to a single food, intake of the salty option increased in the choice tests, but the level of @entity1219 (from 0.5 to 3.0%) in the exposure-phase food did not affect the subsequent choice. We conclude that when only one food is available, salt intake is governed by caloric requirements and @entity1372 levels are regulated by excretion. When foods differing in @entity1219 content are available, consumption does contribute to the regulation of @entity1372 balance, but the amount consumed is not tightly controlled. @entity35 ' salt preference appears to increase with age or with experience eating the purified foods offered here, but experience eating salty food does not affect the preferred level of salt.

title: Consumption of salty food by XXXX : regulation of @entity1372 intake?

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Effects of a topical cream containing P. amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (Lamiaceae) and @entity37101 (L.) Urban (Umbelliferae) were evaluated and compared to effects of @entity15850 fiber wound dressing for @entity4760 . A single-center, randomized, controlled, open-label study was conducted. Twenty-four @entity164 1 or @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 aged 20 years or older with Wagner grade 3 foot ulcers postsurgical debridement were enrolled between October 2008 and December 2009. Twelve randomly assigned @entity1 were treated with WH-1 cream containing P. amboinicus and @entity37101 twice daily for two weeks. Another 12 @entity1 were treated with hydrocolloid fiber dressings changed at 7 days or when clinically indicated. Wound condition and safety were assessed at days 7 and 14 and results were compared between groups. No statistically significant differences were seen in percent changes in wound size at 7- and 14-day assessments of WH-1 cream and hydrocolloid dressing groups. A slightly higher proportion of @entity1 in the WH-1 cream group (10 of 12; 90.9%) showed Wagner grade improvement compared to the hydrocolloid fiber dressing group but without statistical significance. For treating @entity4760 , P. amboinicus and @entity37101 cream is a safe alternative to hydrocolloid fiber dressing without significant difference in effectiveness.

title: Plectranthus amboinicus and Centella asiatica Cream for the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15850 :: ('MESH:D003102', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocolloid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Foot Ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We performed this prospective study on @entity1 with signs and symptoms of chronic @entity66 to emphasize short saphenous vein ( @entity12432 ) insufficiency, which is not routinely evaluated with Doppler ultrasonography in every center. METHODS: One hundred seventy-eight @entity1 with signs and symptoms of chronic @entity66 were included in the study. We used the @entity17622 (clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathophysiologic data) classification in evaluation of the limbs with isolated and nonisolated @entity12432 @entity337 . @entity1 were classified according to age, occupation, body mass index, and associated @entity102 . A chi(2) test and a t test were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Reflux was observed in 190 (53%) of 356 limbs. In 11 limbs, isolated @entity12432 reflux was observed. These 11 limbs were classified as @entity17622 grade 2 (3 limbs), @entity17622 grade 3 (3 limbs), and @entity17622 grade 4 (5 limbs). Short saphenous vein reflux was observed in 21 (5.9%) of 356 limbs. Mean @entity12432 diameters were 3.89 mm (range, 1-11 mm) on the right and 4.03 mm (1.3-10 mm) on the left. CONCLUSIONS: No statistical significance was found between age, sex, body mass index, occupation, and associated @entity102 . A statistically significant difference was found between the @entity12432 diameter of the limbs and associated @entity1211 .

title: Short saphenous vein incompetence and chronic lower extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease and deep or superficial venous system incompetence', 'chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous incompetence']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['venous disease']


abstract: Using a chemical proteomics approach, we efficiently enriched for the generally low abundant @entity268 signaling proteins, and their interactors, directly from @entity19 ventricular tissue. The presence of undesired contaminating (noncyclic) @entity377 -binding proteins was diminished using a tailored sequential elution protocol. Through further optimization of this affinity purification and elution protocol, we were able to detect all known protein kinase A regulatory isoforms (PKA-R). Furthermore, 11 different A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) were detected. A proposed fusion protein of @entity37797 and @entity37798 could be decisively established as a novel @entity37799 at the protein level in ventricular tissue. When comparing this dataset of @entity268 -affinity purified proteins with earlier data obtained with immobilized @entity6708 from @entity35 ventricular tissue, we observe a large overlap in the retained proteins but also some clear differences. Furthermore, implementation of an in-depth analysis of in vivo phosphorylation sites on PKA-R revealed the presence of several differentially phosphorylated PKA-R isoforms. This illustrates yet another layer of functional regulation in cyclic @entity377 signaling. In general, our improved chemical proteomics screen offers a broad, but detailed, view on nature's complex diversity in cyclic @entity377 signaling mechanisms. Possibly different @entity37799 -isoforms may direct differentially phosphorylated PKA-R isoforms to different cellular compartments, providing a multifaceted platform for just this kinase.

title: Diversity of XXXX -dependent protein kinase isoforms and their anchoring proteins in @entity19 ventricular tissue.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop an artificial @entity1274 (ANNs) model for predict successful surgery outcome in @entity890 ( @entity890 ). METHODS: An ANN model and a logistic regression (LR) model were used to predict outcomes outcomes. The age, gender, duration of symptoms, smoking status, surgical level, visual analog scale (VAS) of @entity615 , the Zung Depression Scale (ZDS), and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Score, were determined as the input variables for the established ANN model. The Macnab classification was used for outcome assessment. ANNs on data from @entity890 @entity1 , who had surgery, were trained to predict 2-year successful discectomy using several input variables. Sensitivity analysis to the established ANN model was used to identify the relevant variables. For evaluating the two models, the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), accuracy rate of predicting, and Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) statistics were considered. RESULTS: A total of 203 (96 male, 107 female, mean age 48.3  9.8 years) @entity1 were caterigized into training, testing, and validation data sets consisting of 101, 51, and 51 cases, respectively. Surgical successful outcome was: categorized as excellent, 32%; good, 40.9%; fair, 20.7% and poor, 6.4% at 2-year follow-up. Compared to the LR model, the ANN model showed better results: accuracy rate, 95.8%; @entity8108 -L statistic, 41.5%; and AUC, 0.82% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that an ANNs can predict successful surgery outcome with a high level of accuracy in @entity890 @entity1 . Such information is of use in the clinical decision-making process.

title: The prediction of successful surgery outcome in @entity890 based on artificial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['leg/ back pain']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation', 'LDH']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['neural networks']


abstract: Curve walking in two species of crayfish, @entity11110 and Astacus leptodactylus, was investigated to test whether the mechanism underlying curve walking is the synchronous action of a centrally pre-programmed leg tripod or whether it is the action of one principal leg that produces the main body yaw torque. Curve walking was induced by an optomotor visual stimulus, and the yaw torque produced by the tethered animals was measured in open-loop conditions. Our main results suggest that the @entity41352 in both @entity11110 and A. leptodactylus are related to the movement of outer leg 4 (i.e. leg 4 on the outside of the turn). That is, the peaks in the yaw torque occur, on average, in synchrony with the power @entity64 of outer leg 4. When comparing the results of this open-loop experiment on @entity11110 with results previously obtained for curve walking in untethered individuals of the same species, we found a much higher variability in leg coordination in the open-loop situation. Similarly, here we did not find the same level of synchrony in the tripod (formed by outer leg 4 and inner legs 2 and 5) observed during untethered free walking. Therefore, we suggest that tethered conditions may diminish the need for stability and thus allow outer leg 4 to produce a body rotation regardless of the leg stepping configuration. The characteristics of leg 4 are in line with its major role in turning. According to previous studies, legs 4 provide the largest force and the largest step amplitude during walking, and their force includes both a pulling and a pushing component which can facilitate the control of turning. Although it is apparent that outer leg 4 is not the only leg that can produce an inward yaw torque, its major role in modulating the yaw torque suggests that there may be a specific, centrally generated control of outer leg 4 during curve walking in crayfish.

title: The relationship between leg stepping pattern and XXXX in curve walking of two crayfish species

entities_list: @entity11110 :: ('6728', 'Species') :: ['P. clarkii', 'Procambarus clarkii']

entities_list: @entity41352 :: ('MESH:D015001', 'Disease') :: ['yaw torque oscillations']

answer: @entity41352 :: (MESH:D015001,Disease) :: ['yaw torque oscillations']


abstract: The aortic stentless bioprothesis are expected to have an improved hemodynamic function because of their lack of a sewing ring and stents. From April 1993 to March 1994 we implanted aortic Edwards " @entity33078 " stentless bioprotheses in 21 @entity1 suffering from @entity886 . In some @entity1 additional cardiac procedures (CABG, MVR, tricuspid valve anuloplasty) were performed. The @entity1 ' age ranged from 56 to 78 years. The size of the bioprothesis ranged from 23 mm to 29 mm in diameter. We used either the subcoronary or the "mini-root" continuous suture technique. Aortic cross-clamp time ranged from 52 min to 128 min. There was no operative mortality. The intraoperative measurements showed that the pressure gradient across the aortic valve was very low or even undetectable. The echocardiographic control after 1 year revealed @entity340 . Our initial experience with this new valve shows a very good short-term result with an only slightly longer cross-clamp time. Since the valve has not been available for a long line, long-term results could not yet be observed.

title: One-year experience with the Edwards stentless " XXXX " aortic bioprosthesis.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['very good valve function']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

answer: @entity33078 :: (145270,Gene) :: ['Prima']


abstract: A 69-year-old @entity1 presented with bilateral arm claudication caused by segmental occlusions of both brachial arteries. Bilateral retrograde ring-desobliteration resulted in restauration of full pulses. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen revealed @entity226 . No other manifestations of the disease could be detected. At autopsy affection of the aortic arch and of the arm arteries is found in about 70% of @entity1 with giant cell arterities. Symptoms occur in only about 5% of them. Arterial stenoses are successfully treated with @entity288 . In case of chronic occlusion, however, @entity63 -induced symptoms may necessitate an operation. Endarterectomy (i.e. total dissection of the destroyed inner arterial wall layers) should be preferred to bypass procedures. Subsequent long-term corticosteroid therapy should be instituted in order to treat the underlying disease, and to prevent reocclusions.

title: [Bilateral brachial claudication as the initial manifestation of XXXX . Case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant cell arteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue sampling for @entity253 is important for differential diagnosis and further treatment. This study aims to assess the differences of transpapillary biliary biopsy for @entity5 between @entity201 and @entity788 . METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2013, we retrospectively studied 79 @entity1 who suffered from @entity253 and received transpapillary forceps biopsy after sphincterotomy for tissue sampling. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) of forceps biopsy were calculated in all cases for both @entity201 and @entity788 @entity1 . Possible factors that distinguish malignant strictures from benign strictures and which could affect the accuracy of tissue sampling were analyzed. RESULTS: There are 65 malignant and 14 benign @entity253 @entity1 enrolled. The malignant group has a significantly higher serum @entity648 level than the benign group, but age, clinical presentation, level of serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ), @entity1735 antigen (CA) 19-9, and alkaline phosphatase are not. The sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV of forceps biopsy for @entity253 are 53.85, 100, 100, and 31.82%, respectively. The @entity201 group has a higher sensitivity (73.53 versus 29.17%, p   <   0.001), older age, lower CA 19-9 level, and more common hepatic duct strictures than the pancreatic group. The age, serum @entity787 , CA 19-9 and the alkaline phosphatase level, serum @entity648 level >10 mg/dL, tissue sampling    3 are not significant factors affecting diagnostic accuracy in forceps biopsy for @entity850 . There is neither major @entity548 nor perforation in our study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity36468 of @entity253 after sphincterotomy for tissue sampling is safe and a significantly higher sensitive method in @entity201 but not in @entity788 .

title: Transpapillary biliary biopsy for @entity5 : comparison between @entity201 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity36468 :: ('MESH:C536385', 'Disease') :: ['Transpapillary forceps biopsy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures', 'biliary stricture']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of surgery for the treatment of metachronous @entity153 . METHODS: From 1985 to 1999, 38 @entity1 were operated on for a metachronous @entity2 , accordingly to the criteria of Martini. All @entity5 were staged using the new International Classification System revised in 1997. RESULTS: Diagnosis of the second @entity5 was done at radiological follow-up in 30 asymptomatic @entity1 . Seventeen metachronous locations were ipsilateral. Histology of the metachronous lesion was the same as that of the first @entity5 in 23 @entity1 (60%). The first resection was a lobectomy (n=35), a pneumonectomy (n=2) and a carinal resection (n=1). The second one was a wedge resection (n=7), a segmentectomy (n=3), a lingulectomy (n=2), a lobectomy (n=9), a bilobectomy (n=1), and a pneumonectomy (n=16). There were five in-hospital deaths (13%). Completion pneumonectomy was performed in 15 @entity1 , with one @entity204 (7%). The overall estimated 5 and 10-years actuarial survival rates from the treatment of the first @entity5 were 70 and 47% respectively. The 5-year survival rate after the treatment of the second @entity5 was 32% (median survival: 31 months), including the operative mortality. Survival was negatively affected by a resection interval of less than 2 years and the performance of atypical lung sparing pulmonary resection for the treatment of the second @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Good long-term results are achievable by the means of a second pulmonary resection in selected @entity1 with metachronous @entity2 . Optimal @entity5 operations should be applied whenever functionally possible.

title: Surgical management of metachronous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of a proprietary formulation of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in a phase 1 study. @entity2727 extended-release orally disintegrating tablets ( @entity7541 XR-ODTs) combine two technologies in a single-tablet formulation-an extended-release profile that was designed for once-daily dosing in an ODT that does not require water or chewing for ingestion. METHODS: This was a single-dose, open-label, single-period, single-treatment study, in which 32 @entity1 with @entity71 who were receiving @entity7541 in doses of 40 or 60   mg before beginning the study each received a 60-mg dose (2   *   30   mg) of @entity7541 XR-ODT. The following plasma PK parameters of @entity7541 were determined for @entity1 grouped by age (6-7, 8-9, 10-12, and 13-17 years old): maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), elimination half-life (T  ), area under the curve from 0 hours to infinity (AUCinf), oral clearance (CL/F), and volume of distribution in the terminal phase (Vz/F). Safety and tolerability were also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 32 @entity1 received the study drug. For all @entity1 , plasma concentration-time profiles of @entity7541 exhibited a broad peak after administration of @entity7541 XR-ODT through    8 hours, indicating extended release from the formulation, followed by an apparent first-order elimination phase. As age increased, @entity7541 exposure decreased and mean estimates of CL/F increased; however, weight-normalized CL/F values were comparable across age groups. Similarly, mean estimates of Vz/F increased with age, but weight-normalization decreased differences across age groups, with the exception of the youngest age group, which had higher values. All adverse events (AEs) were mild. CONCLUSION: This XR-ODT formulation of @entity7541 demonstrated weight-normalized clearance rates that were consistent across all age groups, a PK profile consistent with once-daily dosing, and an AE profile consistent with this class of medication in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity71 .

title: A Single-Dose, Single-Period Pharmacokinetic Assessment of an Extended-Release Orally Disintegrating Tablet of @entity2727 in @entity1 and Adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder', 'ADHD']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether moderate water loss (approximately 1.5-2% of body mass (BM)) represents a significant impairment to soccer match-play and the related fitness variables. METHODS: 11 moderately active male soccer players (mean (SD) age 24.4 (3) years, BM 74.03 (10.5) kg, peak @entity26 consumption 50.91 (4.0) ml/kg/min) volunteered to participate. The experimental procedure comprised: (1) a 45 min pre-match period of cycle ergometry exercise (90% of individual ventilatory threshold); (2) the completion of a 45 min soccer match; and (3) the immediate post-match performance of sport-specific and mental concentration tests. The subjects completed the procedure on three occasions each in a different experimental condition ( @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ), no fluid (NF) and mouth rinse (MR)) in an individually randomised order. Core temperature (Tc), heart rates, plasma and urine osmolalities, BM, sweat rates and heat storage were all measured. RESULTS: The only condition-dependent difference during the match-play element of the protocol was a significantly increased Tc in the NF condition compared with the @entity5173 condition (39.28 degrees C (0.35 degrees C) and 38.8 degrees C (0.47 degrees C), respectively; p<0.05). The immediate post-match performance of a sport-specific fitness test was significantly impaired where @entity5173 had been denied (p<0.01). The post-test evaluation of rating of perceived exertion and thirst indicated that the NF condition was perceived to be the most challenging (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The condition-dependent differences in match-play and post-match tests demonstrate that moderate @entity2700 is detrimental to soccer performance. However, it remains unclear whether this could be attributable to water loss in itself or the negative psychological associations derived from a greater perception of effort in that condition.

title: Influence of moderate XXXX on soccer performance: physiological responses to 45 min of outdoor match-play and the immediate subsequent performance of sport-specific and mental concentration tests.

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'fluid intake']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['dehydration']


abstract: Wound healing is a complicated, multistep process involving many cell types, growth factors and compounds(1-3). Because of this complexity, wound healing studies are most comprehensive when carried out in vivo. There are many in vivo models available to study acute wound healing, including incisional, excisional, dead space, and burns. @entity1620 models are artificial, porous implants which are used to study tissue formation and the effects of substances on the wound. Some of the commonly used dead space models include @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) sponges, steel wire mesh cylinders, expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) material, and the Cellstick(1,2). Each dead space model has its own limitations based on its material's composition and implantation methods. The steel wire mesh cylinder model has a lag phase of infiltration after implantation and requires a long amount of time before granulation tissue formation begins(1). Later stages of wound healing are best analyzed using the ePTFE model(1,4). The Cellstick is a cellulose sponge inside a @entity6619 tube model which is typically used for studying @entity1 surgery wounds and wound fluid(2). The @entity939 sponge is limited to acute studies because with time it begins to provoke a foreign body response which causes a giant cell reaction in the animal(5). Unlike other materials, @entity939 sponges are easy to insert and remove, made of inert and non-biodegradable materials and yet are soft enough to be sectioned for histological analysis(2,5). In wound healing the @entity939 sponge is very useful for analyzing granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, wound fluid composition, and the effects of substances on the healing process(1,2,5). In addition to its use in studying a wide array of attributes of wound healing, the @entity939 sponge has also been used in many other types of studies. It has been utilized to investigate @entity5 angiogenesis, drug delivery and stem cell survival and engraftment(1,2,6,7). With its great alterability, prior extensive use, and reproducible results, the @entity939 sponge is an ideal model for many studies(1,2). Here, we will describe the preparation, implantation and retrieval of @entity939 sponge disks (Figure 1) in a @entity19 model of wound healing.

title: The XXXX sponge model implantation.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['Dead space']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded in 10 adult male @entity840 with @entity75 . Lesions were produced in 5 animals by superficial suction of the occipital lobe. The other 5 animals were orally administered with @entity14631 (about 35 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. In the VEP following the ablation of the occipital lobe, the peaks P10, N20, P55, N75, N140 and P200 disappeared in many cases. The amplitude of the peak N40 decreased to approximately one half its control VEP. In the VEP obtained from the animals administered with @entity14631 , the peak latencies of N20, P30, P55, N75 and P100 were slightly prolonged after the 7th day following the first administration. On the other hand, there was no change in the latency of N40 during the whole period of administration. The peak-to-peak amplitude showed some variability in different peaks. Histologically, @entity159 were found in the white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. As described above, the ablation of the occipital lobe caused markedly depressed VEPs, however, the responses to the photic stimulation persisted after the injury. On the other hand, the VEPs of animals administered with @entity14631 showed a high probability of peak appearance, and a decrease in amplitude was not marked.

title: Visual evoked potentials in @entity840 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity14631 :: ('MESH:D006582', 'Chemical') :: ['hexachlorophene']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse status spongiosis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain lesion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity344 is an uncommon and often unexpected finding, the best treatment requires removal of all endometriotic lesions. The purpose of our study was to report our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of bowel @entity46 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 1997 to January 2004, 13 @entity1 (mean 35.7y ; range 21-55y) were operated for bowel @entity46 . We noted: age, history of @entity46 , previous pregnancies, preoperative investigations and symptoms, operative procedure and intraoperative findings. Follow-up varied between one month postoperative examination and seven years. RESULTS: Presenting symptoms of the cases were: acute @entity698 (3), dysmenorrhoea (7), @entity1142 (6), @entity2371 (2), @entity548 (3) and @entity546 (2). Operative management was performed in accordance with the anatomical distribution. Seven @entity1 had a history of previous operations and multifocal involvement was present in 61.5% of cases. At a median follow-up of 12.2 months, 83.3% had complete relief of their initial complaints, with only one reoperation needed. The pregnancy rate after surgery was 66.6%. Preoperative tests were: ultrasound for @entity43 , coloscopy, barium enema, vaginal palpation for detecting rectovaginal involvement, MRI and CT scan. These tests predicted the extension of endometriotic process correctly in 50% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Endometriosis of the sigmoid and rectum is rare but can give rise to severe @entity344 . Preoperative investigations are not infallible in predicting the extent of the disease, sometimes placing the surgeon before a dilemma, because it involves mostly young @entity1 in the reproductive phase of life. The colorectal surgeon, therefore, should seek the advice of an experienced gynaecologist and vice versa. Removal of all endometriotic lesions is mandatory for obtaining an optimal relief of symptoms.

title: Surgery for XXXX : indications and results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and pelvic symptoms', 'gastrointestinal endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal endometriosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1759 , an integral membrane glycoprotein, may have an important role in early tumorigenesis, specifically, facilitating early @entity5 progression. Reports of the expression of @entity1759 in early uterine cervical squamous @entity105 are conflicting. We examined the expression of @entity1759 in microinvasive @entity189 (MIC), as yet unreported, and compared it to that in @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 1 and @entity3146 3 to further elucidate its role in early squamous @entity105 . METHODS: Seventeen cases of @entity3146 1, 24 cases of @entity3146 3, and 20 cases of MIC were stained with antibodies to @entity1759 s, CD44v5, and CD44v6. Only membranous staining was considered positive. RESULTS: Positive membranous staining (>50% cells) was observed in 97% of cases of @entity3146 1 using all three antibodies. In @entity3146 3, positive staining was seen more often with CD44v6 (18/24) and CD44v5 (19/24) than with CD44s (6/24). Expression of CD44v6 was retained more often in MIC (16/20) compared with CD44s (3/20) and CD44v5 (9/20). Those cases of @entity3146 3 and MIC that failed to meet our criteria for positive staining showed either heterogeneous or absent staining. CONCLUSION: There is a qualitative and quantitative reduction in expression of @entity1759 in MIC and @entity3146 3 compared with @entity3146 1. Down-regulation of @entity1759 variants may occur later in neoplastic progression than CD44s. This pattern may reflect their important biological function in early progression by cervical @entity5 cells. Patchy and heterogeneous staining in more advanced lesions limits the usefulness of @entity1759 and its variants in the assessment of microinvasion.

title: Expression of @entity1759 in uterine cervical XXXX : a predictor of microinvasion?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['squamous neoplasia']


abstract: Transmissible spongiform @entity75 , or @entity1579 , are @entity179 that affect @entity1 and animals. Prions are nonconventional infectious agents whose replication depends on the host @entity30935 (PrP). Transmission of prions to cultured cells has proved to be a particularly difficult task, and with a few exceptions, their experimental propagation relies on inoculation to laboratory animals. Here, we report on the development of a permanent cell line supporting propagation of natural @entity742 scrapie. This model was obtained by stable expression of a @entity803 -regulatable ovine PrP gene in a @entity95 epithelial cell line. After exposure to scrapie agent, cultures were repeatedly found to accumulate high levels of abnormal PrP (PrPres). Cell extracts induced @entity11506 in @entity19 overexpressing ovine PrP. These cultures remained healthy and stably infected upon subpassaging. Such data show that (i) cultivated cells from a nonneuronal origin can efficiently replicate prions; and (ii) species barrier can be crossed ex vivo through the expression of a relevant PrP gene. This approach led to the ex vivo propagation of a natural transmissible spongiform @entity75 agent (i.e., without previous experimental adaptation to rodents) and might be applied to @entity1 or @entity291 prions.

title: Ex vivo propagation of infectious @entity742 scrapie agent in heterologous epithelial cells expressing ovine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['fatal degenerative disorders of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity11506 :: ('MESH:D012608', 'Disease') :: ['a scrapie-like disease']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity30935 :: (493887(Tax:9940),Gene) :: ['prion protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The endothelial @entity842 synthase cofactor @entity8083 ( @entity8084 ) plays a pivotal role in maintaining endothelial function in experimental @entity455 models and in @entity1 . Augmentation of endogenous @entity8084 levels by oral @entity8084 treatment has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy in @entity455 states. We sought to determine the mechanisms relating exogenous @entity8084 to @entity1 vascular function and to determine oral @entity8084 pharmacokinetics in both plasma and vascular tissue in @entity1 with @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity453 were randomized to receive low-dose (400 mg/d) or high-dose (700 mg/d) @entity8084 or placebo for 2 to 6 weeks before coronary artery bypass surgery. Vascular function was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment, along with plasma @entity8084 levels. Vascular @entity224 , endothelial function, and @entity8084 levels were determined in segments of saphenous vein and internal mammary artery. Oral @entity8084 treatment significantly augmented @entity8084 levels in plasma and in saphenous vein (but not internal mammary artery) but also increased levels of the oxidation product @entity43835 (BH2), which lacks endothelial @entity842 synthase cofactor activity. There was no effect of @entity8084 treatment on vascular function or @entity224 production. Supplementation of @entity1 vessels and blood with @entity8084 ex vivo revealed rapid oxidation of @entity8084 to BH2 with predominant BH2 uptake by vascular tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity8084 treatment augments total biopterin levels in @entity1 with established @entity453 but has no net effect on vascular redox state or endothelial function owing to systemic and vascular oxidation of @entity8084 . Alternative strategies are required to target @entity8084 -dependent endothelial function in established @entity455 states.

title: Systemic and vascular oxidation limits the efficacy of oral @entity8083 treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43835 :: ('MESH:C017226', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of incorporating trans-arterial radioembolization ( @entity34221 ) with systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of liver-dominant metastatic @entity1124 , with the aim of destroying liver @entity3 and improving @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 16 @entity1 with liver-dominant metastatic @entity1124 who underwent @entity34221 between February 2012 and August 2015; 15 of these @entity1 also underwent concurrent systemic chemotherapy. @entity1 outcomes were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria In @entity5 (RECIST), Version 1.1 and included disease response, median overall survival from the time of diagnosis of @entity3 , and median overall survival following receipt of @entity34221 . Treatment-related adverse events were assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), Version 4.03. RESULTS: The median overall survival from the time of diagnosis of @entity3 and following receipt of @entity34221 was 22.0 and 12.5  months, respectively. Overall and liver specific disease response were assessed for 13 @entity1 with follow-up imaging available at the time of study (range 2-13 weeks post @entity34221 ). Four @entity1 (31  %) demonstrated partial response and five @entity1 (38  %) had stable disease in the liver at follow-up. One @entity1 developed grade 3 elevation of total @entity648 three months post-treatment and another @entity1 developed radiation @entity2679 directly following @entity34221 . No treatment-related grade 4 or 5 @entity137 were seen. CONCLUSION: @entity34221 can be safely combined with systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of liver-dominant metastatic @entity788 . @entity1 outcomes following this treatment strategy are promising but prospective evaluations are needed to validate these preliminary findings.

title: Incorporating Yttrium-90 trans-arterial radioembolization ( XXXX ) in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcioma: a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity34221 :: (3908,Species) :: ['TARE']


abstract: A total of 144 @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ) were randomized to receive @entity900 / @entity2879 (PE) or @entity1260 / @entity2879 (IE) combination chemotherapy. PE consisted of @entity900 , 80 mg/m2, intravenously (IV) on day 1, and @entity2879 , 150 mg/m2, IV on days 3 through 5. IE consisted of @entity1260 , 1,500 mg/m2, IV on days 1 through 5, and @entity2879 , 120 mg/m2, IV on days 3 through 5. Six cycles were administered in 3-week intervals. Nonresponders were switched immediately to @entity3895 , consisting of @entity786 , 600 mg/m2, IV on days 1 and 2, @entity632 (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity2145 ), 50 mg/m2, IV on day 1, and @entity1891 , 2 mg, IV on day 1. @entity1 obtaining complete remission (CR) received prophylactic cranial irradiation with 30 Gy. After completion of chemotherapy, @entity1 with limited disease received chest irradiation with 45 Gy. No maintenance therapy was given to @entity1 in CR. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Of the 141 @entity1 evaluable, the overall response rate was 65% in PE therapy and 68% in IE therapy. The CR rate was 32% v 20% for all @entity1 , 50% v 24% for limited disease, and 22% v 18% for @entity66 , all in favor of PE therapy. Median survival for all @entity1 was 11.6 months v 9.4 months, for limited disease 14.8 months v 11.0 months, and for @entity66 8.9 months v 7.5 months, all preferring PE therapy. The 2-year survival rate was higher in PE therapy than in IE therapy for all @entity1 (12% v 9%) and for limited disease (23% v 10%), but not for @entity66 (5% v 9%). Median progression-free survival was 7.5 months v 6.0 months for all @entity1 , 12.2 months v 8.8 months for limited disease, and 5.9 months v 4.4 months for @entity66 , all in favor of PE. Relapse in the area of the @entity5 was found less often after PE than after IE therapy (25% v 38%). Response to second-line @entity3895 was seen in 30% of @entity1 with prior PE and 43% with prior IE therapy, but was usually short lasting, and only one @entity1 achieved CR. @entity137 included three lethal complications. @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity294 , and @entity272 occurred more often after PE than after IE therapy. These results suggest that PE is superior to IE chemotherapy in limited-stage, but not in extensive-stage @entity151 , and that @entity3895 is cross-resistant to PE, as well as to IE in the majority of @entity1 .

title: @entity900 / XXXX versus @entity1260 / @entity2879 combination chemotherapy in @entity151 : a multicenter German randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carbapenems are considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of serious @entity281 caused by extended-spectrum @entity14474 ( @entity25323 )-producing @entity4005 and @entity526 . However, controversy exists about the antibiotic choice for @entity281 due to @entity25323 -producing organisms of other genera. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated the risk factors and outcomes of 54 adult @entity1 with @entity2259 due to @entity25323 -producing Enterobacteriaceae other than @entity4005 spp. or @entity526 treated at a tertiary care hospital in northern Taiwan from January 2001-December 2003. @entity1 were categorized into @entity2893 (n = 22) and non- @entity2893 (n = 32) treatment groups. All @entity1 had at least one positive blood culture together with fever or other clinical features compatible with @entity281 . RESULTS: Higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, glucocorticoid use, and presentation of @entity326 were significant risk factors for mortality (p<0.05). @entity1 treated with a @entity2893 had a better 14-day or overall survival rate (i.e., survived to discharge) than those treated with non- @entity2893 antibiotics, although this difference was not significant. Among @entity1 in the non- @entity2893 group, the overall survival rates of @entity2177 , @entity4028 , and @entity5505 were 70% (14/20), 62.5% (5/8), and 50% (2/4), respectively (p=0.877). The overall survival rates of the @entity2893 (72.7%) and @entity2177 (70.0%) groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity2177 , when indicated based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, may serve as an alternative choice for @entity281 caused by @entity25323 -producing Enterobacteriaceae other than @entity526 or @entity4005 spp. and may not affect the clinical outcome at discharge.

title: @entity2259 due to extended-spectrum @entity14474 -producing Enterobacteriaceae other than @entity526 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity4005 :: (MESH:D007710,Disease) :: ['Klebsiella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinician's knowledge of a @entity1 's @entity5 family history (CFH) and counseling about @entity146 ( @entity146 ) is necessary for appropriate @entity0 care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether clinicians solicit CFH and counsel @entity1 on @entity146 ; to assess relationship of well visits and @entity1 risk perception or worry with clinician's behavior. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based telephone survey. @entity1 : Multiethnic sample; 1,700 @entity1 from San Francisco Mammography Registry with a screening mammogram in 2001-2002. MEASUREMENTS:                 <AbstractText Label="PREDICTORS" NlmCategory="METHODS">well visit in prior year, self-perception of 10-year @entity0 risk, worry scale. OUTCOMES: @entity1 report of clinician asking about CFH in prior year, or ever counseling about @entity146 in relation to @entity0 risk. Multivariate models included age, ethnicity, education, language of interview, insurance/mammography facility, well visit, ever having a breast biopsy/follow-up mammography, Gail-Model risk, Jewish heritage, and body mass index. RESULTS: 58% reported clinicians asked about CFH; 33% reported clinicians ever discussed @entity146 . In multivariate analysis, regardless of actual risk, perceived risk, or level of worry, having had a well visit in prior year was associated with increased odds (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.6, 3.3) that a clinician asked about CFH. Regardless of actual risk of @entity0 , a higher level of worry (OR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.4, 2.6) was associated with increased odds that a clinician ever discussed @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians are missing opportunities to elicit family @entity5 histories and counsel about @entity146 and @entity0 risk. Preventive health visits offer opportunities for clinicians to address family history, risk behaviors, and @entity1 ' worries about @entity0 .

title: Missed opportunities: family history and behavioral risk factors in @entity0 risk assessment among a multiethnic group of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['health-related behaviors', 'HRB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIM: To assess the incidence and clinicopathological significance of @entity124 ( @entity124 ) and the protein expression of @entity6756 and @entity4311 in @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 with pure @entity1204 were enrolled in the study. @entity124 analysis was done using five polymorphic markers (BAT26, D5S346, BAT25, D17S250, D2S123) and the protein expression of the @entity6756 and @entity4311 genes was determined by immunohistochemical staining. @entity124 was detected in 24% (12/50) of @entity1204 cases. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between @entity124 status and loss of @entity6756 , @entity4311 expression, respectively. No significant association was found between @entity124 status and clinicopathological parameters, including age, grade, stage, depth of myometrial invasion, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVI), lymph node involvement or peritoneal cytology. However, significant correlations were found between loss of @entity6756 and a lower histological grade and the absence of LVI in @entity1 with @entity1204 . CONCLUSIONS: According to these results, @entity124 and a loss of protein expression of @entity6756 and @entity4311 may be associated with the pathogenesis of @entity1204 . In addition, @entity6756 immunostaining might have a role as a prognostic parameter. Further research using a large number of cases is needed to confirm our observations.

title: Loss of XXXX expression is associated with less aggressive clinicopathological features in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'SEEA', 'endometrioid sporadic endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

answer: @entity6756 :: (4292,Gene) :: ['hMLH1']