abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correct method of bone resection and posterior capsular soft tissue releasing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the @entity1 with @entity309 with stiff knee in flexion. METHODS: From November 2009 to January 2012,15 @entity1 with @entity309 with stiff knee in flexion underwent primary TKA and releasing of the posterior soft tissues. There were 7 males and 8 females,aged 22 to 75 years old (58.7 years old on average). The preoperative range of movement(ROM) was (3.2    1.7)  . According to Knee Society score (KSS) criterion, the preoperative clinical score was 23.3    12.5 and functional score was 35.2    9.8. Based on the correct osteotomy, effective releasing of posterior structures was used for different degrees of @entity1159 during the TKA procedure. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up, and the average duration was 2.3 years (1.6 to 3 years). At the latest follow-up,the KSS clinical score was 81.7    6.5 and functional score was 82.8    9.3. The flexion and extension ROM of the knee joint was (103.5    13.1). Three knees remained 50 flexion @entity1159 , but the function of the affect knees was good. CONCLUSION: The effective releasing of the soft tissue of posterior capsule is a major management for correction of the @entity1159 in TKA. The correct releasing of posterior structure can not only achieve fundamental gap of TKA but also effectively avoid bone over-resection.

title: [Posterior capsule releasing in total knee arthroplasty for @entity1 with XXXX with stiff knees in flexion].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture deformity', 'flexion contracture']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Migrating axons require the correct presentation of guidance molecules, often at multiple choice points, to find their target. @entity30360 , a bifunctional cue involved in both attracting and repelling axons, is involved in many cell migration and axon pathfinding processes in the CNS. The @entity30360 receptor @entity53246 and its @entity2199 homolog @entity33586 have been implicated in directing the guidance of axons toward netrin sources, whereas the @entity2199 @entity30793 receptor, @entity22264 is necessary for migrations away from @entity30793 . However, a role of vertebrate @entity22264 homologs in axonal migration has not been demonstrated. We demonstrate that the Unc5h3 gene product, shown previously to regulate cerebellar granule cell migrations, also controls the guidance of the corticospinal tract, the major tract responsible for coordination of limb movements. Furthermore, we show that corticospinal tract fibers respond differently to loss of UNC5H3. In addition, we observe corticospinal tract defects in @entity19 homozygous for a spontaneous mutation that truncates the @entity53246 transcript. Postnatal day 0 @entity30360 mutant @entity19 also demonstrate corticospinal tract abnormalities. Last, interactions between the @entity53246 and Unc5h3 mutations were observed in gene dosage experiments. This is the first evidence of an involvement in axon guidance for any member of the vertebrate @entity22264 family and confirms that both the cellular and axonal guidance functions of @entity2199 @entity22264 have been conserved in vertebrates.

title: The XXXX receptors Unc5h3 and @entity53246 are necessary at multiple choice points for the guidance of corticospinal tract axons.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans', 'C. elegans']

answer: @entity30360 :: (18208(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['netrin 1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1118 and prescription @entity4784 are extremely prevalent in the United States and worldwide. The consequences of opioid misuse can be life-threatening with significant morbidity and mortality, exacting a heavy toll on @entity1 , physicians, and society. The risk for misuse of prescribed opioids is much higher in @entity1 with @entity1118 , especially those with concurrent substance use and /or @entity146 . Several reasons can account for the occurrence of @entity4784 and misuse, including self-medication, use for reward, compulsive use related to addiction, and diversion for profit. There is a need, therefore, for therapeutic approaches that balance treating @entity1118 , while minimizing risks for @entity4784 , misuse, and diversion. Chronic opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer @entity158 has seen a dramatic increase throughout the @entity16247 decades in conjunction with associated increases in the abuse of prescribed opioids and accidental opioid @entity1445 . Consequently, a validated screening instrument that provides an effective and rational method for selecting @entity1 for opioid therapy, predicting risk, and identifying problems once they have arisen, could be of enormous benefit in clinical practice. An instrument as such has the potential to attenuate the risk of @entity4499 . Despite the recent introduction of various screening strategies and instruments, no single test or instrument can reliably and accurately predict those @entity1 unsuitable for opioid therapy or pinpoint those requiring heightened degrees of surveillance and monitoring throughout their therapy. Current @entity4784 screening tactics include assessing premorbid and comorbid substance abuse; assessing aberrant drug-related behaviors; stratification of risk factors; and utilizing opioid assessment screening tools. Several authors have contributed numerous screening tools and instruments to aid the assessment of appropriate opioid therapy. Additional essential measures include urine drug testing, prescription practice monitoring programs, opioid treatment agreements, and implementing universal precautions. Presently accepted recommendations consist of a combination of strategies designed to stratify risk, to identify and to understand aberrant drug-related behaviors, and to tailor treatments accordingly. This manuscript, Part 2 of a 2 part update, builds on the 2012 opioid guidelines published in @entity158 Physician, and the 2016 guidelines released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It reviews screening, monitoring, and addressing @entity4784 and misuse in @entity1 with chronic non-cancer @entity158 . Opioids, misuse, abuse, @entity1118 , prevalence, risk assessment, risk management, drug monitoring, aberrant drug-related behavior.

title: Prescription XXXX in @entity1118 : An Updated Review of @entity4784 Predictors and Strategies to Curb @entity4784 (Part 2).

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic addiction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid abuse']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['Opioid Abuse']


abstract: The regulatory mechanisms of physical activity are postulated to include environmental and biological/genetic factors. In particular, the @entity58180 @entity230 appear to have profound effects on wheel running in rodents. The purpose of this project was to investigate the effects of 17b-estradiol and @entity251 on wheel running distance, duration, and speed in male and female C57BL/6J @entity19 . The @entity19 (N=46) were provided free access to running wheels interfaced with computers to track daily running distance, duration, and speed. Activity was assessed at baseline in intact @entity19 , after surgical gonadectomy, and after replacement with either 17b-estradiol or @entity251 . Upon removal of the gonads, physical activity levels were significantly reduced in both males and females. Distance (10-30% of baseline) and duration (20-47% of baseline) measures were most affected by the loss of endogenous @entity230 , while running speed (60-77% of baseline) though significantly reduced-decreased by a much lower magnitude. @entity251 replacement fully recovered running distance, duration, and speed to pre-surgical levels in both sexes (100% of baseline). Distance (30-42% of baseline) and duration (43-47% of baseline) were partially recovered by 17b-estradiol, but not to baseline levels. Speed (100% of baseline) was fully recovered by 17b-estradiol replacement in males and females. This study suggests that physical activity in @entity19 is affected by endogenous @entity230 and can be altered by exogenous @entity134 replacement. The differences in the recovery abilities of 17b-estradiol and @entity251 suggest that both estrogenic and androgenic pathways may be involved to variable degrees in activity regulation.

title: Effects of Supraphysiological Doses of @entity58180 XXXX on Wheel Running Activity in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptomatic @entity932 is a rare complication of @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ). OBJECTIVES: To present a unique case of delayed symptomatic @entity932 occurring after a @entity1986 procedure for @entity302 in a high-volume center (68 @entity1986 procedures for @entity302 have been performed). METHODS: An 18-year-old male with @entity302 underwent @entity1986 to an area of @entity3664 near the right lateral ventricle. He did well initially and was discharged home on postoperative day 1 but returned on postoperative day 9 with @entity10 and @entity1269 . He was found to have intraparenchymal and @entity548 in the region of the @entity1986 catheter tract. RESULTS: CT angiography on admission revealed a small vascular abnormality near the focus of @entity548 suspicious for @entity2849 , although conventional angiography was negative. The @entity1 declined neurologically and underwent craniotomy and @entity548 evacuation. He eventually convalesced and was discharged to inpatient rehabilitation with persistent @entity1269 . He has been @entity410 free since the intervention but remains on antiepileptic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from the literature suggests that the pathophysiology of symptomatic @entity548 after @entity1986 may be related to @entity1317 and @entity2849 formation from @entity1986 catheter placement and/or thermal injury from the ablation itself.

title: Delayed @entity548 Requiring Surgical Evacuation after MRI-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Lesional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3664 :: ('MESH:C548481', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['LITT', 'laser interstitial thermal therapy']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: Most of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes are expressed in an uneven, zonated pattern in the liver. Factors regulating this regionally restricted expression are not well known. In this study we have analysed cell lysates obtained from opposite zones of @entity35 liver by infusing @entity11040 to the perfused liver to study the zonation of @entity7772 and @entity7771 induction. @entity5954 induced @entity7772 protein in perivenous cells, while a low dose of @entity11423 caused periportal induction. Analysis of @entity7772 mRNA from cell lysates by reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization experiments both demonstrated that this inducer-specific differently localized effect occurred at the pretranslational level. A corresponding difference in the regional pattern of @entity7771 induction was seen: induction by @entity11423 reversed the constitutive perivenous pattern into a periportal @entity7771 mRNA pattern while induction after @entity5954 treatment was more panacinar. Attempts to identify the regiospecific factors involved were made by comparing the in vitro induction of @entity7772 by @entity11423 and @entity5954 in hepatocytes isolated from the periportal and perivenous region. However, after isolation, induction seemed to be independent of the source of the cells. Our results demonstrate the existence in the liver of regionally acting factors that mediate the induction of @entity7772 and 1A2 in a local and inducer-specific fashion. These factors could be Ah receptor associated binding proteins operating in vivo, but no longer in isolated cells.

title: Pretranslational induction of cytochrome P4501A enzymes by @entity11423 and XXXX occurs in different liver zones.

entities_list: @entity11040 :: ('MESH:D004072', 'Chemical') :: ['digitonin']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene', '3-Methylcholanthrene']

entities_list: @entity11423 :: ('MESH:D019324', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-naphthoflavone']

answer: @entity5954 :: (MESH:D008748,Chemical) :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) is a morphological hip condition that can cause hip and/or groin @entity158 in younger active adults. Understanding the nature of physical impairments and activity limitations associated with symptomatic @entity1743 is important to evaluate outcomes and guide development of rehabilitation strategies. The purpose of this systematic review was to establish: (1) whether @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1743 demonstrate physical impairments and/or activity limitations compared with @entity1 without @entity1743 ; and (2) whether treatment affects these parameters. METHODS: Four databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, SportDISCUS and Cochrane Library) were searched until the 21 June 2013. Studies evaluated measures of @entity73 and/or activity limitations in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1743 and included either: (1) a comparison control group; or (2) a pretreatment and post-treatment comparison. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: 16 studies were included. The most commonly reported @entity73 was decreased range of motion (ROM) into directions of hip joint impingement. Other impairments included altered sagittal and frontal plane hip ROM during gait, altered sagittal plane hip ROM during stair climbing, and decreased hip adductor and flexor muscle strength. Effects of surgery on physical impairments are inconsistent but suggest improved hip ROM during gait, but not during stair climbing. Squatting depth improves following surgical intervention for symptomatic @entity1743 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1743 demonstrate physical impairments and activity limitations. Surgical intervention may restore some deficiencies, but not all. Further studies of @entity73 and activity limitation are needed to evaluate outcomes from surgical and conservative interventions and to inform rehabilitation programmes.

title: @entity73 and activity limitations in XXXX with femoroacetabular impingement: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['Femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide a detailed profile of the peripheral IGF system in the @entity16 ; @entity746 ( @entity746 ), @entity11165 ( @entity11165 ) and @entity15 ( @entity15 ). To determine whether subsets of @entity1 within the disease groups could be identified in whom one or more components of the IGF regulatory system are altered compared to healthy control subjects matched for age, sex and BMI. DESIGN: Three cohorts of @entity1 were recruited, 28 with @entity746 , 18 with @entity11165 and 23 with @entity15 . @entity1 were individually matched to a healthy control based on sex, age (+/-3 yr), and BMI (+/-2.5 kg m(-2)). The concentration (ng/ml) of serum @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity10116 , @entity10513 and @entity2301 and acid-labile subunit (microg/ml) was determined by IRMA. RESULTS: In @entity746 @entity1 , there was an increase of 11% in [IGF(TOTAL)] (p=0.042) ([IGF(TOTAL)]=[ @entity442 ]+[ @entity5100 ]) and [ @entity10116 ] was decreased by 34% (p=0.050) compared to matched controls. In "surviving" @entity746 @entity1 , defined as those @entity746 @entity1 with long disease duration (+2 SD from the mean survival time for Irish @entity1 post diagnosis), there was an increase in [ @entity442 ] 36% (p=0.032) and a large decrease in [ @entity10116 ] -58% (p=0.020) compared to controls. These differences were not evident in pre-agonal @entity746 @entity1 . The concentration of serum @entity442 was 38% (p=0.018), acid-labile subunit 17% (p=0.044) and @entity10513 43% (p=0.035) higher in @entity15 @entity1 compared to controls. When stratified for interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) use, we observed an increase in serum [ @entity442 ] 52% (p=0.013) and [IGF(TOTAL)] 19% (p=0.043) in @entity15 @entity1 undergoing @entity2391 treatment, but @entity15 @entity1 not undergoing @entity2391 treatment had similar IGF and IGFBP concentration to controls. Serum [ @entity2301 ] 18% (p=0.033), [ @entity10513 ] 86% (p=0.015) and (acid-labile subunit) 33% (p=0.012) was also higher in @entity2391 @entity1 compared to controls. Stratified by stage of disease the most significant increase in components of the peripheral IGF system was attributed to relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 treated with @entity2391 . All components of the peripheral IGF system in @entity11165 @entity1 were similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in circulating @entity442 and a reduction in regulatory binding protein @entity10116 in @entity746 @entity1 with a "stable" disease profile suggest a potential change in peripheral IGF bioavailability in these subjects. In @entity15 , we report a change in a number of components of the peripheral IGF system, the observed increase in @entity442 in @entity1 treated with @entity2391 being of most significance as a potential therapeutic biomarker.

title: Circulating insulin-like growth factors and related binding proteins are selectively altered in @entity746 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological conditions']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity11165 :: ('MESH:D016262', 'Disease') :: ['PPS', 'post polio syndrome']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Endocrine active substances (EAS) show structural similarities to natural hormones and are suspected to affect the @entity1 endocrine system by inducing hormone dependent effects. Recent studies with in vitro tests suggest that EAS can leach from packaging into food and may therefore pose a risk to @entity1 health. Sample migrates from food contact materials were tested for @entity172 and @entity342 agonists and antagonists with different commonly used in vitro tests. Additionally, chemical trace analysis by @entity15 was used to identify potential hormone active substances in sample migrates. A GC- @entity15 method to screen migrates for 29 known or potential endocrine active substances was established and validated. Samples were migrated according to EC 10/2011, concentrated by solid phase extraction and tested with @entity172 and @entity342 responsive reporter gene assays based on @entity375 cells (YES and YAS) or @entity1 osteoblast cells ( @entity7971 and AR CALUX). A high level of agreement between the different bioassays could be observed by screening for @entity172 agonists. Four out of 18 samples tested showed an @entity172 activity in a similar range in both, YES and @entity7971 CALUX. Two more samples tested positive in @entity7971 CALUX due to the lower limits of detection in this assay. @entity342 agonists could not be detected in any of the tested samples, neither with YAS nor with AR CALUX. When testing for antagonists, significant differences between @entity375 and @entity1 cell-based bioassays were noticed. Using YES and YAS many samples showed a strong antagonistic activity which was not observed using @entity1 cell-based CALUX assays. By GC- @entity15 , some known or supposed EAS were identified in sample migrates that showed a biological activity in the in vitro tests. However, no firm conclusions about the sources of the observed hormone activity could be obtained from the chemical results.

title: Characterization of XXXX and @entity342 activity of food contact materials by different in vitro bioassays (YES, YAS, @entity7971 and AR CALUX) and chromatographic analysis (GC- @entity15 , @entity15 ).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['GC-MS and HPLC-MS', 'MS']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied the effect of suturing technique and the impact of urethral plate characteristics on the complication rate following tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 80 @entity1 (mean age 4.5 years, range 3 to 7) with @entity2650 in a randomized fashion between January 2004 and May 2005. Of the @entity1 64 had anterior and 16 had mid @entity546 . @entity1 were allocated into 2 groups according to suture technique, with continuous sutures used in 40 @entity1 and interrupted sutures in 40. We evaluated urethral plate depth, length and width before and after incision. Correlation between suture technique, plate type, width and length, and complication rate was performed. RESULTS: Mean followup was 3 years. Success rates were 90% and 69% for anterior and mid @entity546 , respectively (p = 0.037). Complications developed in 11 @entity1 (13.8%) and consisted of @entity292 (8), dehiscence (2) and meatal stenosis (3). On univariate analysis the suture technique, depth and length of urethral plate, width after incision and presence of @entity509 had no impact on complication occurrence. However, urethral plate width before incision was significantly related to complication occurrence (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Suture technique has no influence on the outcome of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. Urethral plate characteristics do not affect the complication rate except for plate width, which significantly affects the outcome. Adequate urethral plate width (8 mm or greater) is essential for successful tubularized incised plate repair.

title: Effect of suturing technique and urethral plate characteristics on complication rate XXXX repair: a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['following hypospadias']


abstract: @entity6197 claims the lives of over 600,000 African @entity1 every year. To better understand the pathogenesis of this devastating disease, we compared the cellular dynamics in the cortical microvasculature between two infection models, @entity36698 ( @entity14030 ) infected CBA/CaJ @entity19 , which develop experimental @entity6197 (ECM), and @entity501 17XL (PyXL) infected @entity19 , which succumb to malarial hyperparasitemia without @entity16 . Using a combination of intravital imaging and flow cytometry, we show that significantly more CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages are recruited to postcapillary venules during ECM compared to hyperparasitemia. ECM correlated with @entity8024 upregulation on macrophages, while vascular endothelia upregulated @entity8024 during ECM and hyperparasitemia. The arrest of large numbers of leukocytes in postcapillary and larger venules caused microrheological alterations that significantly restricted the venous blood flow. Treatment with @entity20083 , which inhibits vascular leakage, neurological signs, and death from ECM, prevented the recruitment of a subpopulation of CD45hi CD8+ T cells, @entity8024 + macrophages, and neutrophils to postcapillary venules. @entity20083 had no effect on the ECM-associated expression of the pattern recognition receptor @entity5751 in postcapillary venules suggesting that endothelial activation is insufficient to cause vascular pathology. Expression of the endothelial tight junction proteins @entity14880 , @entity8843 , and @entity23453 in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of PbA-infected @entity19 with ECM was unaltered compared to @entity20083 -treated PbA-infected @entity19 or PyXL-infected @entity19 with hyperparasitemia. Thus, blood brain barrier opening does not involve @entity130 and is likely reversible, consistent with the rapid recovery of many @entity1 with CM. We conclude that the ECM-associated recruitment of large numbers of activated leukocytes, in particular CD8+ T cells and ICAM+ macrophages, causes a severe restriction in the venous blood efflux from the brain, which exacerbates the vasogenic @entity4 and increases the intracranial pressure. Thus, death from ECM could potentially occur as a consequence of intracranial @entity101 .

title: Experimental XXXX pathogenesis-hemodynamics at the blood brain barrier.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity36698 :: ('5823', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei ANKA']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria', 'Cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial injury']

answer: @entity6197 :: (MESH:D016779,Disease) :: ['cerebral malaria']


abstract: Age @entity734 of @entity311 infection was assessed in an age-stratified cluster sample of 308 individuals from Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana during June and July 2000. Overall prevalence of @entity3964 by microscopy was 70%, with the maximum among 5-9 year olds. Parasite density was highest (geometric mean 1922/microl blood) in 1-2 year olds. Eighty-two per cent of samples were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of the @entity3964 msp2 revealed a mean msp2 multiplicity of 3.4 (range: 1-8) genotypes per PCR positive sample. Multiplicity increased with age until 5-9 years and then started to reduce again into adulthood. About 49.3% of infections belonged to the msp2 FC27 allelic family and 50.7% to the 3D7 family. On the day of the survey, only 3.6% of the @entity1 had @entity221 (axillary temperature >or= 37.5 degrees C) and 2.3% had @entity221 associated with parasitaemia. The correlation between parasite density and msp2 multiplicity was 0.42; highest among @entity1 , and decreased with age to a minimum among 5-9 year olds. Contrasting with results from Tanzania, this correlation increased with age in adolescents and adults. Parasite multiplicity is very high in this community, and the patterns of age @entity734 are similar to those in other holoendemic sites in Africa, validating the use of the age-multiplicity relationship as an indicator of @entity311 endemicity.

title: Molecular epidemiology of XXXX infections among asymptomatic inhabitants of a holoendemic malarious area in northern Ghana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: The route of nutrient delivery may alter the production of @entity21787 and induce changes at the molecular level. Donryu @entity35 (n = 75) were divided into the following three groups. The oral feeding (OR) group received a non-purified solid diet ad libitum, the @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) group received a total @entity3147 ( @entity8856 ) solution intravenously, and the enteral nutrition (EN) group received intragastric infusions of the TPN solution for 7 d. Serum @entity21787 and glucocorticoid levels were measured and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of @entity21787 and hepatic specific transcription factors in the liver were analyzed. Serum @entity21787 and @entity21787 mRNA levels in the @entity3147 group became significantly decreased compared to those in the OR group, whereas the EN group did not show a significant difference compared to the OR group. mRNA levels of @entity26938 , D-site binding transcription factor for the @entity21787 gene, showed a circadian rhythm in the OR and EN groups, but not in the @entity3147 group, as indicated by a @entity26938 mRNA level at 2200 h in the @entity3147 group that was significantly lower than that in the OR group. mRNA levels of @entity16596 , @entity16596 , were highest in the OR group and lowest in the @entity3147 group. In contrast, mRNA levels of @entity16597 were highest in the @entity3147 group and lowest in the OR group. Serum glucocorticoid level showed a circadian rhythm in the OR group, highest at 2200 h and lowest at 1000 h, whereas such a rhythm was not found in either the @entity3147 or the EN group. @entity21787 synthesis was down-regulated in @entity3147 in association with changes in transcription factors. A loss of circadian rhythm reflected in changes of @entity26938 mRNA and serum glucocorticoid level may play a role. Down-regulation of @entity21787 was improved by enteral feeding, indicating that EN is more advantageous for @entity21787 synthesis than @entity3147 .

title: Effect of parenteral and enteral nutrition on hepatic XXXX synthesis in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity16596 :: ('24252(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha', 'C/EBP alpha']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

answer: @entity21787 :: (24186(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['albumin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the expression of @entity876 protein and @entity15237 in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs) and @entity9530 ( @entity9530 ) and determined the correlation of these 2 proteins within each cyst type. MATERIAL AND METHOD: @entity876 and @entity15237 in epithelial lining cells were analyzed in 20 OKCs, 20 DCs and 20 @entity9530 using immuno-histochemistry. The percentage of positive cells was assessed and presented as mean +/-SD. The correlation between the expressions of these 2 proteins in each cyst was carried out using Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: @entity876 was found in 95% of OKCs, 50% of DCs and 65% of @entity9530 . @entity876 -positive cells in OKCs (12.2 +/- 8.8%) were significantly higher than those in DCs (1.4 +/- 3.2%) and @entity9530 (1.3 +/- 2.4%). @entity15237 was found in all examined lesions. Statistically, @entity15237 -positive cells in @entity9530 (86.9 +/- 9.9%) were lower than those in OKCs (94.8 +/- 3.5%) and DCs (96.1 +/- 4.4%). No correlation between the expression of @entity876 and @entity15237 was found in each cyst. CONCLUSION: @entity876 was over expressed in OKCs compared with other lesions. @entity9530 showed the lowest expression of @entity15237 .

title: Immuno-histochemical expression of @entity876 protein and XXXX in odontogenic cysts.

entities_list: @entity9530 :: ('MESH:D011842', 'Disease') :: ['radicular cysts', 'RCs']

answer: @entity15237 :: (51477,Gene) :: ['iNOS']


abstract: @entity3068 is a chronic and progressive disease of the intestine in ruminants caused by @entity3069 . @entity3068 (Map). The bacterium is transmitted to young animals, becomes manifest in adulthood and leads to economic losses. The aim of this study is to investigate if @entity291 shedding Map possess oocytes and embryos that are carriers of the bacterium. New genetical material can enter the dairy farm using embryo transfer but the question as to whether this technique is safe with respect to transmission of @entity3068 has yet to be addressed. We selected and bought 16 @entity291 , all proven to be moderate shedders of the bacterium in the faeces immediately prior to the experiment but none were clinically sick. One sample of uterine content was collected from each animal by flushing the uterus on the day of heat and five samples of homogenised uterine tissue were collected on the eighth day of the same cycle by biopsy. In addition, 217 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), ranging from 3 to 35 COCs per animal, were collected using ultrasound guided transvaginal puncture of the ovarian follicles (OPU). On the seventh day of the subsequent cycle 31 embryos were obtained using the classic technique of super ovulation induction, artificial insemination (AI), followed by flushing of the uterus. These embryos have been washed and trypsinised. Fourteen of the 16 @entity291 were treated again for super ovulation in the subsequent cycle and 19 foetuses were collected by opening of the uterus after euthanasia on Days 35-49 of the cycle. All samples were cultured for presence of Map and checked every 2 months during 1 year for bacterial growth. None of the samples showed growth of Map after 12 months of culture. Pathological examination of the @entity291 revealed different degrees of severity of pathological alterations of the intestinal tract and mesenteric lymph nodes. However, the results suggest that neither in vivo embryo's nor oocytes are carriers of the bacteria and do not form an extra risk at transfer. However, due to the limited size of the experiment (sample size of 16 @entity291 ), a certain margin for error remains.

title: Lack of association of @entity3069 . XXXX with oocytes and embryos from moderate shedders of the pathogen.

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis', 'Paratuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

answer: @entity3068 :: (MESH:D010283,Disease) :: ['paratuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Active @entity360 is a potentially dangerous situation because @entity1 with this condition may fall into shock. Colonoscopy, angiography, and scintigraphy have been used widely to localize the source of @entity548 , but time is needed to perform these examinations. The purpose of this study was to illustrate how vividly enhanced computed tomography (CT) may show @entity360 in a short time. METHODS: Five of 10 @entity1 with @entity360 underwent dynamic enhanced CT. Scans were obtained 0.5 and 5 min after intravenous contrast. RESULTS: Pooling of contrast medium was found in four of five @entity1 . Among the five @entity1 , three had @entity1049 , one had a rectal ulcer, and one had a small intestinal ulcer. The localization procedure completed within 15 min in all @entity1 . Extravasations of medium were confirmed by two surgeons. CONCLUSION: Enhanced helical CT was useful for the detection of an @entity360 source. The procedure was brief, less invasive, and less demanding. Enhanced CT may be the first step for diagnosing lower GI tract @entity548 .

title: Enhanced CT for initial localization of active lower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease of the colon']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding', 'active lower GI bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe temporal changes in mitochondrial function during the septic process, including the recovery phase. DESIGN: Literature review. SUBJECTS: Clinical studies and laboratory models. MAIN RESULTS: Biochemical and ultrastructural @entity2383 have been recognized in in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro laboratory models of @entity295 for >30 yrs. Short-term models show variable effects on mitochondrial function and structure; this is likely related to differences in model design, including species, organs studied, degree of septic insult, and degree of resuscitation. Longer-term models more consistently reveal @entity2383 and damage. There is a rebound increase in @entity26 consumption and resting energy expenditure in the recovery phase of @entity295 . This could reflect mitochondrial recovery (biogenesis) that may restore the energy supply needed to fuel restorative metabolic processes and enable @entity1 survival. CONCLUSION: @entity2383 seems to be intrinsically involved in the pathogenesis of @entity881 . As a consequence of a progressive decrease in energy availability, metabolism must decrease or the cell will die. The interplay between @entity6883 supply and demand, dictated by the degree of @entity2383 and the level of metabolic shutdown (analogous to a hibernation-type response), seems to be crucial in determining outcome. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

title: Mitochondrial function in @entity295 : acute phase versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'mitochondrial abnormalities', 'Mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity12837 (ALA) has been shown to combat oxidative stress by quenching a variety of reactive @entity26 species. It is involved in the regeneration of exogenous and endogenous antioxidants, chelation of metal ions, and repair of oxidized proteins. This study aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of ALA on @entity1959 ( @entity10776 )-induced gut @entity13570 and @entity1960 in @entity35 . METHOD: After 48 h of fasting, @entity35 underwent a laparotomy under ether anesthesia. TNBS solution 30 mg/mL in 40% @entity1068 (1 mL) was injected into the lumen, 10 cm proximal to the ileocolonic junction to induce @entity13570 or intrarectally 8 cm proximal to the anal sphincter to induce @entity1960 . ALA (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally, twice a day) was given after induction of @entity32 and continued for 3 days. All animals were decapitated 3 days after induction of the @entity32 . The @entity3137 of the ileum and colon were scored macroscopically and microscopically. Samples were taken for the measurement of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels, tissue-associated @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity and @entity6931 - or @entity12487 -enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). RESULTS: Macroscopic scores, morphological changes and increased tissue lipid peroxidation with a concomitant reduction in @entity2197 of the @entity13570 or @entity1960 groups were all reversed by treatment with ALA. ALA treatment was also effective in improving tissue @entity1589 activity and CL values, which were elevated in untreated @entity13570 or @entity1960 groups. CONCLUSION: ALA is beneficial in TNBS-induced gut @entity32 in @entity35 via suppression of neutrophil accumulation, preservation of endogenous @entity2041 and inhibition of reactive oxidant generation.

title: XXXX modulates gut @entity32 induced by @entity1959 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['Alpha-lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

answer: @entity12837 :: (MESH:D008063,Chemical) :: ['Alpha-lipoic acid']


abstract: Various neurological and @entity146 manifestations have been recorded in @entity1 with @entity74 . Based on literature review and on personal case-studies and case-series we focused on the pathophysiological and clinical implications of glucocorticoid-related, mineralcorticoid-related, and @entity2922 -related @entity3002 . Childhood @entity699 can be associated with long-lasting @entity73 and @entity854 , even after resolution of the @entity699 . Exposure to excessive replacement of exogenous glucocorticoids in the paediatric age group (e.g., during treatments for @entity1887 ) has been reported with neurological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities (e.g., delayed @entity17 and @entity1010 ) due to potential corticosteroid-related myelin damage in the developing brain and the possible impairment of limbic system ontogenesis. @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ), a disorder of unclear pathophysiology characterised by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, has been described in @entity1 with @entity699 , @entity1887 , and @entity1368 , reflecting the potential underlying involvement of the @entity75 in the regulation of CSF pressure homeostasis. Arterial @entity101 caused by paediatric @entity652 or @entity5 of the adrenal cortex or medulla has been associated with various @entity101 -related neurological manifestations. The development and maturation of the central nervous system (CNS) through childhood is tightly regulated by intrinsic, paracrine, endocrine, and external modulators, and perturbations in any of these factors, including those related to adrenal hormone imbalance, could result in consequences that affect the structure and function of the paediatric brain. Animal experiments and clinical studies demonstrated that the developing (i.e., paediatric) CNS seems to be particularly vulnerable to alterations induced by @entity74 and/or supraphysiological doses of corticosteroids. Physicians should be aware of potential neurological manifestations in @entity1 with @entity409 to achieve better prevention and timely diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Further studies are needed to explore the potential neurological, cognitive, and @entity146 long-term consequences of high doses of prolonged @entity228 administration in childhood.

title: XXXX and the paediatric brain: pathophysiological considerations and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelination']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal-brain axis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric nervous system involvement']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing syndrome', 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behaviour']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal disorders']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Adrenal disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Poststreptococcal reactive @entity625 (PSReA) is a nonsuppurative sequela of antecedent @entity883 , and can be investigated when detecting the anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer. The relationship between ASO titer and involvement of the peripheral @entity2720 has been examined in PSRA, but data are sparse for the sacroiliac (SI) joint. Quantitative SI joint scintigraphy has been used clinically to detect active @entity2720 , but not for PSReA. METHODS: A total of 84 subjects were recruited; mean age at enrollment was 23 years (range 18.0-36.4 yrs). All subjects were examined for ASO titer levels (range 25-520 IU/ml) and SI joint imaging, determined by sacroiliac to sacrum (SI/S) ratio derived from SI scintigraphy. RESULTS: Most of the subjects with high ASO titer had unclassified or undifferentiated @entity625 . Good correlation between the ASO titer and the SI/S ratio was determined statistically using Pearson correlation coefficients. The relationships between ASO titer and SI/S ratio at various locations (laterality: left, right; location of part: upper, middle, lower) were found to be significantly correlated using generalized estimating equations. After adjustment for potential confounders, a highly significant association was determined between ASO titer and SI/S ratio (p < 0.0001), with an increase of 1 IU/ml of titer resulting in a significant increase in SI/S ratio by 0.0008 units. Age was significantly associated with SI/S ratio (p = 0.0022), with each extra year increasing the ratio by 0.0074. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate a high correlation between SI joint involvement and high ASO titers. Subjects with SI joint involvement should be advised to have an ASO titer examination and quantitative SI joint scintigraphy.

title: Evidence-based correlation between anti-streptolysin O serum titer and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['synovial joints', 'SI joint disorders']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['sacroiliac joint disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY @entity927 is an antifibrinolytic agent which blocks plasmin-mediated fibrin degradation. It is used in surgery to reduce intra-operative and post-operative @entity190 . The aim of our study was to assess the effect of @entity927 administration on @entity190 after elective primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 119 @entity1 (50 @entity1 , 69 @entity1 ) with an average age of 69.2 years were included. The @entity1 were randomised into two groups: Group A received a single dose of @entity927 ( @entity927 , 1.5 g i.v.) before the operation; Group B (control) did not receive any antifibrinolytic agent. All @entity1 underwent surgery under spinal anaesthesia with a tourniquet applied to the operated leg. The intra-operative @entity190 , post-operative @entity190 based on drainage, pre- and post-operative levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit, and the number of administered blood transfusions were analysed. RESULTS The administration of @entity927 led to a reduction in post-operative @entity190 at all intervals tested, including the @entity190 (504    214 vs 815    231 ml; p < 0.001), and to reduced requirements for blood transfusion (1.18    0.51 vs 1.54    0.84 transfusion units; p < 0.05). A similar effect was observed in the subgroups of @entity1 and @entity1 ; the @entity190 was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 in both group B (non-significant) and group A (p < 0.05) @entity1 . There was a gradual decline in haemoglobin and haematocrit levels during the post-operative period, with no significant differences between the two groups. Nor were there any differences in intra-operative blood losses either. No severe complications such as @entity64 , acute @entity583 or @entity1031 were recorded. DISCUSSION The administration of @entity927 before the application of a tourniquet resulted in reducing post-operative, but not intra-operative, blood losses in @entity1 undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty. Transfusion requirements were reduced as well. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the efficacy and safety of @entity927 administration in relation to @entity190 after total knee arthroplasty. In this indication, the administration is in accordance with the literature data. KEY WORDS: @entity927 , total knee arthroplasty, post-operative @entity548 , haemoglobin.

title: [The Effect of XXXX on @entity190 after Primary Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty. Prospective Single-Centre Study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid', 'Tranexamic acid', 'Exacyl']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic Acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 462 Background: To evaluate the complication rate and short term oncological outcome of @entity1358 treated with cryoablation. METHODS: 91 biopsy verified @entity1358 were cryoablated between 2006-11. @entity1 treated had primarily T1a @entity5 , but exceptions were made. @entity1 with @entity5 not directly accessible percutaneously were selected for laparoscopy. To ensure complete coverage of the @entity5 , cryoneedle placement and freezing procedure was peroperatively monitored by ultrasound in both modalities. Presice machine with Ice-Seet and Ice-Rod needles from Galil Medical was used. Treatment was considered successful when @entity5 gradually shrunk and showed no sign of contrast enhancement, assessed by CT or MRI. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age and @entity5 size was 65 yr [17 - 83] and 26 mm [10 - 62], respectively [min-max]. Treatment modalities consisted of percutaneous route; n=34 (47%) and laparoscopic guided; n=39 (53%). The mean follow-up time was 19 months [1 - 56]. 18 @entity1 were excluded from follow-up analysis (8 pt. with short observation time, 5 pt. treated despite severe co-morbidity with no planned follow-up, 3 pt. lost to follow-up, 1 pt. emigrated, 1 pt. died as a result of @entity548 from perforation of iliac artery by troicar). @entity41 was diagnosed by imaging in 10 @entity1 (perc n=6 and lap n=4, p>0,05) after a mean follow-up time of 13 months [1 - 31]. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy in all but one case, in which the diagnosis was @entity39 . Of the 10 @entity1 with @entity41 , 8 @entity1 were reablated and 2 @entity1 were referred to oncological treatment. Cancer specific survival was 100%. Overall survival was 91%. COMPLICATIONS: 8 pt. had minor @entity548 in relation to cryoneedle removal, requiring Tachosil. 1 pt. had subcutaneous @entity548 , 2 pt. was readmitted due to @entity158 and discharged the following day. No @entity1 required blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Although percutaneous and laparoscopic guided cryoablation are minimally invasive procedures and the overall complication rate is low, serious complications may occur. Close follow-up and continuous evaluation of criteria for @entity1 selection and relapse is necessary. An international database is recommended.

title: Percutaneous and laparoscopic-assisted cryoablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'small renal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['small renal cell carcinomas']


abstract: We conducted a retrospective observational study to determine the rate of @entity137 , pattern of @entity5 recurrence and survival associated with radiotherapy treatment for FIGO stage I @entity5 . All @entity1 had undergone definitive surgery and had been referred to the oncology department of the University Hospital Birmingham, U.K. Two hundred and forty-five @entity1 were included in the study; 228 @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy; 160 had external beam radiation alone; 32 had vaginal vault brachytherapy alone; 36 @entity1 had both modalities; and 17 @entity1 were not given radiotherapy. There were nine cases of Grade 3 and 4 radiation reactions, of which four were acute, four were late and one was acute and late @entity137 . The severity of both acute and late radiation effects was significantly associated with the delivery of vault brachytherapy (external beam radiotherapy alone compared with brachytherapy alone (1/158 vs 3/32; P = 0.02). Thirty-four @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 recurrence (11 distant, 14 local, 4 @entity1 had both distant and @entity66 and 5 @entity1 had recurrence diagnosed at the time of @entity204 ). @entity1 who received no radiotherapy were at greater risk of @entity5 recurrence (P < 0.0001; hazard ratio [HR] 9.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5-26.3). Vaginal vault brachytherapy had no discernible effect on the pattern of @entity5 recurrence. Forty-six @entity1 died during the follow-up period, 28 of these were attributable to @entity1204 . There was no difference in survival between the four treatment groups (P = 0.68). The overall 5-year survival rate in our study group was 89.6% (85.4-93.8%). In a proportional hazards model, @entity5 grade (HR 2.0 per level [1.25, 3.17]; P = 0.004]) and age (HR 1.74 per 10 years [1.12, 2.69]; P = 0.01) were the only factors found to have an independent influence on survival. This study suggests that, although pelvic radiation may not alter overall survival, it does reduce the risk of @entity66 recurrence. In this study population, vaginal vault brachytherapy using a vaginal stock/dobbie showed no additional benefits compared with external beam radiotherapy; it was, however, associated with a higher rate of both acute and late radiation effects.

title: @entity137 , recurrence and survival after adjuvant radiotherapy treatment for FIGO stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the endometrium']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local pelvic tumour', 'cancer of the endometrium', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the endometrium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditionally, the choice of tidal volume for mechanical ventilation was based on body weight (BW) and usually, predicted BW was used to correct actual BW inter-individual variations in @entity28 and muscle weight. The method of selecting tidal volume depended on the fact that normal lung volumes, especially functional residual capacity (FRC), were mainly determined by height (indirectly by predicted BW), sex and age in healthy @entity1 . However, FRCs in @entity1 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ) might not abide by the same rule and be significantly different from each other in @entity1 with the same height and sex. We hypothesized that FRC was determined by body length (surrogate for predicted BW) and age in healthy male @entity235 but not in lung injured ones. METHODS: A total of 24 @entity235 were recruited and @entity649 model was induced by intravenous injection of @entity3952 . FRC was measured by chest computer tomography. Blood gas analysis, extra vascular lung water and respiratory system mechanics were tested at baseline and @entity651 . Age, body length and actual BW were also recorded before experiments. RESULTS: After @entity651 , FRC decreased sharply from baseline (414  84) to (214  70) mL. For healthy lungs, FRC could be estimated by the following formula: FRC =21.86 * age (months) + 20.55 * body length (cm) - 1,337.98 (P<0.05), while for injured lungs, the formula of multiple linear regression was invalid (P=0.305). CONCLUSIONS: FRC was linearly related to body length in healthy @entity235 but not in lung injured ones. The traditional view of setting tidal volume based on predicted BW should be challenged cautiously.

title: Functional residual capacity in XXXX with and without @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['dogs', 'beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury', 'post-lung injury']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Current evidence suggests that the presence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity43 ( @entity43 ) has a role in chemoresistance and relapse. Surface markers such as @entity1759 / @entity11707 , @entity2467 , and @entity5439 expression have been reported as potential markers for @entity5 related to @entity43 and tumorigenic cell lines. In this study, we have investigated if spheroid forms are TIC specific or whether they can also be produced by somatic stem cells from healthy tissue in vitro. In addition, we also investigated the specificity of surface markers to identify @entity5 from papillary serous @entity43 @entity1 . METHODS: Cells were obtained from fresh @entity5 from 10 chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with @entity43 , and cells from ovarian and tubal epithelium were obtained from 5 healthy menopausal @entity1 undergoing surgery for benign pathology and cultured in standard and in selective medium. Cells forming nonadherent spheroids were considered @entity5 , and the adherent cells were considered as non-TIC-like. Percentages of @entity11707 , @entity1759 , @entity2467 , @entity5439 , and @entity319 ( @entity319 ) cell surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Four of 10 @entity43 cell tissues were excluded from the study. @entity5 cells cultured in selective medium developed spheroid forms after 1 to 7 weeks in 5 of 6 @entity43 @entity1 . No spheroid forms were observed in cultures of cells from healthy @entity1 . Unlike previously published data, low levels of @entity11707 , @entity1759 , @entity2467 , and @entity319 expression were observed in spheroid cells, whereas expression of @entity5439 was moderate but higher in adherent cells from papillary serous @entity43 cells in comparison with adherent cells from controls. CONCLUSIONS: Papillary serous @entity43 contains @entity5 that form spheroids with low expression of @entity1759 , @entity11707 , @entity2467 and @entity319 . Further research is required to find specific surface markers to identify @entity1358 .

title: Is sphere assay useful for the identification of XXXX initiating cells of the ovary?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TICs', 'tumor-initiating cells', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-R', 'vascular endothelial growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous TICs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment options in advanced soft @entity242 (STS) are limited. In a pilot study, an antimetastatic and radiosensitizing treatment concept was explored. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with unresectable and/or oligometastatic STS received the drugs @entity10976 and @entity7324 supported by radiotherapy and surgery. Long-term treatment was intended in metastatic disease. Forty-one @entity1 with comparable stages of STS treated with contemporary chemotherapy served as non-randomised controls. The prognostic parameters of the groups were comparable. RESULTS: In the study group, the median number of new @entity3 after 6 months was 0 (range, 0-40) and after 9 months likewise 0 (0-70). The corresponding numbers in the control group were 4.5 (range, 0-40) and 9 (0->100) (p<0.001). The progression-free survival at 6 months was 71% in the study group and 23% in the controls, and the median survival time from the occurrence of the first @entity3 was 16 months versus 9 months. The rate of major responses under radiotherapy combined with @entity10976 and @entity7324 was 88%, and in the control group 62% (p=0.007). The combined treatment was associated with a low to moderate @entity137 . CONCLUSION: The treatment combination inhibited the development of remote @entity3 in the majority of @entity1 with STS and prolonged survival to some extent.

title: @entity10976 and @entity7324 in advanced soft XXXX : impact on @entity3 , survival and radiation response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['tissue sarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutations have been found in the majority of @entity4562 -responsive @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 from retrospective studies. We sought to compile the available phase II and prospective trials of this @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) to better understand the efficacy and safety of selecting @entity1 to receive @entity4562 based on their genotype. DESIGN: We searched published trials involving @entity470 -mutant @entity1 and @entity4562 . Five reports were identified (published between June 2006 and April 2007) in which @entity4562 was given in a prospective manner to @entity470 mutation positive @entity1 at a dose of 250mg/day. Responses were determined by RECIST and @entity137 by NCI-CTC. RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity1 were pooled from these studies. Fifty-nine received @entity4562 as their first line of therapy and 42 after having received chemotherapy. The combined rate of complete and partial response (CR+PR) in the 99 measured @entity1 was 80.8% (80/99) and only 7.1% (7/99) had progressive disease as best response. The response rate (CR+PR) for exon 19 deletion and @entity9512 @entity1 were 80.3% (53/66) and 81.8% (27/33), respectively. The median progression-free survival ranged from 7.7 to 12.9 months. Overall survival had not been reached in 4/5 reports and was 15.4 months in one of them. @entity4562 administration was safe (<50% of @entity1 developed grades 1-2 @entity1910 or @entity294 ) and @entity401 was only reported in two @entity1 (2%), without @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4562 monotherapy leads to objective responses in most @entity1 with @entity470 mutations. Both @entity9512 and deletion 19 mutations derived similar clinical benefits. Small molecule TKIs are the new treatment paradigm for @entity470 -mutant @entity1149 .

title: Pooled analysis of the prospective trials of XXXX monotherapy for @entity470 -mutant @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations in the gene coding for the podocyte slit-pore membrane protein, nephrin, are responsible for the Finnish-type @entity3441 . The present study sought to examine whether nephrin expression may also be altered in experimental @entity6 , and how such changes related to the development of @entity644 . In addition, the study also sought to examine nephrin expression in animals treated with different anti-proteinuric therapies. METHODS: Nephrin gene expression and localization were examined in @entity35 with @entity3839 -induced @entity6 at 6 months duration (proteinuric phase) and at 7 days (pre-proteinuric phase). In addition, the effects of anti-proteinuric drug therapies were also assessed in long-term @entity6 @entity35 , treated with either the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity4687 , or the blocker of advanced glycation end-product formation, @entity5118 . Nephrin expression was determined using quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: When compared with control animals, nephrin expression was reduced in the late proteinuric phase (45% reduction vs controls, P<0.01) but not in the early, pre-proteinuric phase of experimental @entity2316 . While @entity1811 inhibition and @entity5118 both reduced @entity644 , only the former attenuated the @entity6 -associated reduction in nephrin expression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggests that reduction in nephrin may be a determinant of @entity8 in @entity2316 . Attenuation of these changes with @entity1811 inhibition suggest that this mechanism may contribute to the anti-proteinuric effects of this, but not all classes of drug which reduce urinary protein in @entity2316 .

title: Expression of the slit-diaphragm protein, nephrin, in experimental XXXX : differing effects of anti-proteinuric therapies.

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular hyperpermeability']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: @entity0 often contain different clones of @entity5 cells. Attention to the cellular properties of @entity0 @entity3 may identify characteristics in @entity5 that are associated with @entity3 . Such characteristics could include DNA content, cell proliferation, abnormal oncogene expression, or relative cell population (clonal dominance). We examined DNA ploidy (image analysis), proliferation index (proliferating cell nuclear antigen-1 immunostaining), and expression of @entity1722 oncoprotein in 17 invasive @entity0 samples (36 @entity5 samples) and 82 corresponding regional @entity3 . In all samples the @entity5 was multiclonal (usually biclonal) by DNA ploidy analysis. In approximately 90% of metastatic DNA clones (30 of 34) the corresponding clone was identified in a @entity5 sample representing 25% or more of the @entity5 cell population (significant clone). A majority DNA clone (> or = of @entity5 cell population) existed in 60% (21 of 36) of @entity5 samples and in 70% (60 of 82) of @entity3 (30% diploid v 70% nondiploid in both groups). In approximately 50% of @entity3 (37 of 82) an unexpected majority clone was identified (not a majority in any @entity5 sample) and the ratio of diploid to nondiploid clones also was 30% to 70%. However, in 80% of majority metastatic clones (46 of 60) that clone was a significant @entity5 clone. Proliferation index was quite variable in @entity5 samples and in corresponding @entity3 . Overexpression of @entity1722 oncoprotein in the @entity5 of seven of 10 @entity1 also was identified in all corresponding @entity3 in five of seven @entity1 and in some @entity3 in two of seven @entity1 . The @entity3 in three @entity1722 /neu-negative @entity1 were all negative. We conclude that (1) DNA clones are stable after @entity3 , (2) clonal majorities in @entity3 reflect clones identified in @entity5 , (3) different metastatic clones from an individual @entity5 can establish clonal majorities, (4) neither diploid nor aneuploid cells have a metastatic advantage in @entity0 , (5) proliferation indices are heterogeneous, and (6) overexpression of @entity1722 is usually consistent between @entity5 and corresponding @entity3 .

title: XXXX heterogeneity: evaluation of clonality in primary and metastatic lesions.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: The @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) inhibits @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 in experimental models; in addition, @entity2843 is supposed to possess another important function, cell growth promotion. The potential prognostic significance of @entity2843 in @entity0 remains unclear. We evaluated the significance of the immunohistochemical expression of @entity2843 in a well-documented series of 133 infiltrating @entity0 by examining any possible statistical association between this expression and numerous clinicopathological parameters as well as @entity1 ' disease-free interval. @entity2843 was generally expressed in both stromal and @entity5 cells in our specimens. @entity2843 was overexpressed in @entity5 cells of 60.15% of all cases. @entity5 of high histological and nuclear grade were found to overexpress @entity2843 less frequently than the rest (p=0.003 and p=0.057, respectively). Interestingly, @entity2843 overexpression was inversely associated with cell proliferation, the latter being evidenced by Ki67 immunoreactivity (p=0.028). @entity2843 immunostaining was in parallel with metalloproteinase-2 ( @entity1476 ) immunoexpression in both @entity5 and stromal cells. Multivariate analysis disclosed that @entity2843 overexpression in @entity5 cells was an independent determining factor for prognosis (p=0.006); @entity2843 overexpression in malignant cells appeared to correlate with favorable outcome, particularly in @entity1 with lack of nodal metastases and in @entity1 with @entity1476 -negative immunophenotype (p=0.0252). The upregulation of @entity2843 @entity5 cell expression in @entity0 may suggest that this marker has a multifunctional role apart from that of metalloproteinase inhibitor since it was found to be related to malignant cells' differentiation and proliferation. @entity2843 overexpression in @entity5 cells appears for the first time to be a promising indicator of favorable prognosis in @entity0 .

title: The favorable prognostic impact of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 protein overexpression in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP1', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether circular plastic wound edge protectors (CWEPs) significantly reduce the rate of @entity281 ( @entity281 ) in comparison to standard surgical towels in @entity1 undergoing laparotomy. BACKGROUND: @entity281 cause substantial morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and costs and remain one of the most frequent surgical complications. CWEPs have been proposed as a measure to reduce the incidence of @entity281 . METHODS: In this randomized controlled, multicenter, 2-arm, parallel-group design, @entity1 - and observer-blinded trial @entity1 undergoing open elective abdominal surgery were assigned to either intraoperative wound coverage with a CWEP or standard coverage with surgical towels. Primary endpoint was superiority of intervention over control in terms of the incidence of @entity281 within a 30-day postoperative period. RESULTS: Between September 2010 and November 2012, 608 @entity1 undergoing laparotomy were randomized at 16 centers across Germany. Three @entity1 in the device group and 11 @entity1 in the control group did not undergo laparotomy. @entity1 ' and procedural characteristics were well balanced between the 2 groups. Forty-eight @entity1 discontinued the study prematurely, mainly because of relaparotomy (control, n=9; intervention, n=9) and @entity204 (control, n=4; intervention, n=7). A total of 79 @entity1 experienced @entity281 within 30 days of surgery, 27 of 274 (9.9%) in the device group and 52 of 272 (19.1%) in the control group (odds ratio=0.462, 95% confidence interval: 0.281-0.762; P=0.002). Subgroup analyses indicate that the effect could be more pronounced in colorectal surgery, and in clean-contaminated/contaminated surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Our trial shows that CWEPs are effective at reducing the incidence of @entity281 in elective and clean or clean-contaminated open abdominal surgery.

title: Multicenter double-blinded randomized controlled trial of standard abdominal wound edge protection with surgical dressings versus coverage with a sterile circular polyethylene drape for prevention of XXXX : a CHIR-Net trial (BaFO; NCT01181206).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['SSIs', 'surgical site infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical site infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopy has traditionally been used to risk-stratify @entity1 with @entity360 ( @entity360 ). This is problematic in resource-poor environments. The study aimed to identify @entity1 who would not require urgent endoscopy by identifying clinical variables before endoscopy that predict uneventful recovery. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. SUBJECTS: Two hundred consecutive @entity1 aged over 12 years, presenting with haematemesis and/or melaena. OUTCOME MEASURES: Good outcome, i.e. no blood transfusion, endotherapy or surgery, and alive at 1 month following presentation. RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 (40%) had a good outcome. Haemoglobin > 10 g/dl (odds ratio (OR) 25.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.9-74.8; p < 0.001), absence of melaena (OR 4.8, 95% CI: 1.79-12.94, p = 0.002) and absence of @entity1163 (OR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.67-9.48; p = 0.002) were independent predictors of good outcome. The three variables combined as a positive test had the best association with good outcome when compared with a single variable or a combination of two variables. The three-variable model had sensitivity for good outcome of 34%, specificity of 98%, and likelihood ratio for a positive test of 13.5 and for a negative test of 0.68. Thirty @entity1 (15%) had the combination for the prediction rule, i.e. haemoglobin > 10 g/dl, no melaena and no @entity1163 ; 3 (10%) had a poor outcome (required endotherapy). CONCLUSION: The prediction rule accurately excluded poor outcome, a priority in the clinical context, but did not predict good outcome. Clinical implications are a 15% reduction in unnecessary urgent endoscopies, with less than 5% of @entity1 with poor outcome not undergoing urgent endoscopy. These findings may have particular clinical relevance in under-resourced health care environments.

title: Clinical predictors of outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['UGIB', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The circadian clock regulates many physiological functions including physical activity and feeding patterns. In addition, scheduled exercise and feeding themselves can affect the circadian clock. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical/feeding activity and expression of clock genes in hair follicle cells in older adults. Twenty adult @entity1 (age, 68        7 years, mean        SE) were examined in this cross-sectional study. Prior to hair follicle cell collection, the @entity1 were asked to wear a uniaxial accelerometer for one week. The timings of breakfast, lunch, and dinner were also recorded. Hair follicle cells were then collected over a 24   h period at 4   h intervals. The amplitude of @entity5395 expression was positively correlated with moderate and vigorous physical activity (r   =   0.582, p   =   0.007) and peak @entity26 uptake (r   =   0.481, p   =   0.032), but these correlations were not observed for @entity32226 or @entity4429 . No association was noted between meal times and the amplitude or the acrophase for any of these three clock genes. These findings suggest that rhythmic expression of the circadian clock gene @entity5395 is associated with the amount of daily physical activity and physical fitness in older adults.

title: Positive association between physical activity and XXXX expression in older adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity5395 :: (8863,Gene) :: ['PER3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: LytM proteins belong to a family of bacterial metalloproteases. In Gram-negative bacteria, LytM factors are mainly reported to have a direct effect on cell division by influencing cleavage and remodeling of peptidoglycan. In this study, mining nontypeable @entity327 (NTHI) genomes, three highly conserved open reading frames (ORFs) containing a LytM domain were identified, and the proteins encoded by the ORFs were named YebA, EnvC, and NlpD on the basis of their homology with the @entity526 proteins. Immunoblotting and confocal analysis showed that while NTHI NlpD is exposed on the bacterial surface, YebA and EnvC reside in the periplasm. NTHI   yebA and   nlpD deletion mutants revealed an aberrant division phenotype characterized by an altered cell architecture and extensive membrane blebbing. The morphology of the   envC deletion mutant was identical to that of the wild-type strain, but it showed a drastic reduction of periplasmic proteins, including the chaperones HtrA, SurA, and Skp, and an accumulation of b-barrel-containing outer membrane proteins comprising the autotransporters Hap, IgA @entity563 protease, and HMW2A, as observed by proteomic analysis. These data suggest that EnvC may influence the bacterial surface protein repertoire by facilitating the passage of the periplasmic chaperones through the peptidoglycan layer to the close vicinity of the inner face of the outer membrane. This hypothesis was further corroborated by the fact that an NTHI envC defective strain had an impaired capacity to adhere to epithelial cells and to form biofilm. Notably, this strain also showed a reduced serum resistance. These results suggest that LytM factors are not only important components of cell division but they may also influence NTHI physiology and pathogenesis by affecting membrane composition. IMPORTANCE: Nontypeable @entity327 (NTHI) is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the @entity1 nasopharynx and can cause serious infections in @entity1 ( @entity697 ) and adults ( @entity1030 ). Several virulence factors are well studied, but the complete scenario of NTHI pathogenesis is still unclear. We identified and characterized three NTHI LytM factors homologous to the @entity526 LytM proteins. Although LytM factors are reported to play a crucial role in the cell division process, in NTHI they are also involved in other bacterial functions. In particular, YebA and NlpD are fundamental for membrane stability: indeed, their absence causes an increased release of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). On the other hand, our data suggest that EnvC could directly or indirectly affect peptidoglycan permeability and consequently, bacterial periplasmic and outer membrane protein distribution. Interestingly, by modulating the surface composition of virulence determinants, EnvC also has an impact on NTHI pathogenesis.

title: LytM Proteins Play a Crucial Role in Cell Separation, Outer Membrane Composition, and Pathogenesis in Nontypeable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia  coli']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and psychometric properties of observational gait assessment for @entity1 with @entity16 . DATA SOURCES: The databases consulted for the literature research were MEDLINE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL). The search was carried out between September and November 2014. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that describe and validate observational gait scales in @entity1 with central nervous system  s disorders. DATA EXTRACTION: General characteristics of the studies, including number of @entity1 , observational gait scales analyzed and their psychometric properties were collected. DATA SYNTHESIS: After the literature search, 15 articles were included in this review. Seven of the 15 articles studied the Tinetti Gait Scale, two the Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment, one the Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool, three the Wisconsin Gait Scale, and one of them compared the Tinetti Gait Scale and the Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The scale that appears to be the most suitable both in clinical practice and in terms of research is the GAIT, because it has shown to be valid, reliable and sensitive to change, homogeneous and comprehensive, containing a large number of items that assess most components of gait pattern. The RVGA was studied in groups of mixed neurological diagnoses, including @entity15 . For those with @entity1726 , the TGS showed sensitivity, and the Tinetti POMA showed predictive capability for falls and mortality, as well as inter and intra-rater reliability. The Tinetti @entity15422 also has been studied in those with normal pressure @entity1276 , showing sensitivity; and the Tinetti POMA was studied in those with @entity2033 showing reliability and validity. More research would be valuable to test more comprehensively the psychometric properties of RVGA, WGS, TGS and GAIT in @entity1 with diverse @entity16 , other than @entity64 .

title: Observation Gait Assessments in subjects with XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common sustained @entity943 encountered in clinical practice. In developing countries, @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) is the most frequent underlying condition in @entity1 with @entity955 . Sinus rhythm (SR) is difficult to achieve and maintain in these @entity1 , but would be more easily achieved with reduction of left atrial pressure after successful balloon mitral valvotomy ( @entity1899 ). METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 with persistent @entity955 following @entity1899 received @entity2643 (600 mg once daily for two weeks, 200 mg daily thereafter). Electrical cardioversion was performed in those with persistent @entity955 (at six and 12 weeks of drug therapy). RESULTS: Among @entity1 , 33 (39%) converted with @entity2643 alone. Of 52 @entity1 who underwent cardioversion at six weeks, 41 (79%) converted to SR. Overall, 87% of @entity1 converted to SR. None of the 11 @entity1 with persistent @entity955 could be converted to SR, despite a second attempt with direct current (DC) cardioversion at 12 weeks. Those who converted to SR had significantly shorter @entity955 duration (AFD) (2.7+/-1.1 versus 3.2+/-0.7 years) and smaller left atrial (LA) size (50.0+/-7.7 versus 57.9+/-4.7 mm). @entity1 age, gender, NYHA class, ejection fraction and post- @entity1899 variables were comparable between the two groups. Successful maintenance of SR was possible in 61/74 (82%) @entity1 at a mean follow up of 30.6+/-7.1 months (range: 16-43 months). Again, mean AFD was shorter (1.8+/-0.6 versus 3.0+/-0.7 years) and LA size smaller (48.9+/-7.5 versus 54.7+/-6.9 mm) among those who maintained SR. However, even in @entity1 with AFD > or =2 years, successful conversion and maintenance of SR was possible in 74% and 62% of @entity1 , respectively. Among @entity1 with LA size > or =60 mm (n = 16), the corresponding value were 84% and 77%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, only AFD was a predictor of acute and long-term success. The probability of SR remaining in those with AFD <2 years at 21, 30 and 43 months was 96%, 95% and 94.6%, respectively, while for those with AFD > or =2 years these values were 62%, 48% and 40%. CONCLUSION: Low-dose @entity2643 was safe and effective in restoring and maintaining SR in @entity1 with @entity955 and @entity6331 .

title: Management of persistent @entity955 following balloon mitral valvotomy: safety and efficacy of low-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'rheumatic mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the second @entity5 incidence in @entity263 @entity1 treated with brachytherapy (BT) relative to radical prostatectomy (RP) and to compare both groups with the @entity5 incidence in the general population. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1998 to 2010, 2418 @entity1 were treated with @entity1496 125 prostate BT monotherapy at the British Columbia @entity5 Agency, and 4015 referred @entity1 were treated with RP. @entity5 incidence was compared with the age-matched general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). @entity5 included @entity150 and @entity5 . Cox multivariable analysis was performed with adjustment for covariates to determine whether treatment (RP vs BT) was associated with second @entity5 risk. RESULTS: The median age at BT was 66  years and at RP 62  years. The SIR comparing BT @entity1 with the general population was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91-1.22) for second @entity5 and was 1.53 (95% CI 1.12-2.04) for @entity5 . The SIR comparing RP @entity1 with the general population was 1.11 (95% CI 0.98-1.25) for second @entity5 and was 1.11 (95% CI 0.82-1.48) for @entity5 . On multivariable analysis, older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05) and smoking (HR 1.65) were associated with increased second @entity5 risk (P<.0001). Radical prostatectomy was not associated with a decreased second @entity5 risk relative to BT (HR 0.90, P=.43), even when excluding @entity1 who received postprostatectomy external beam radiation therapy (HR 1.13, P=.25). Older age (HR 1.09, P<.0001) and smoking (HR 2.17, P=.0009) were associated with increased @entity5 risk. Radical prostatectomy was not associated with a decreased @entity5 risk compared with BT (HR 0.57, P=.082), even when excluding postprostatectomy external beam radiation therapy @entity1 (HR 0.87, P=.56). CONCLUSIONS: After adjustment for covariates, BT @entity1 did not have an increased second @entity5 risk compared with RP @entity1 . Further follow-up of this cohort is needed given the potential latency of radiation-induced @entity5 .

title: Incidence of Second XXXX @entity1 Treated With Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy and Radical Prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'malignancies', 'malignancy', 'pelvic malignancy', 'Pelvic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['invasive and noninvasive bladder cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Malignancies in Prostate Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity901 -based chemotherapy plays a central role in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). This treatment, however, has been associated with hepatic @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ), a clinically important adverse effect characterized by a bluish hue of the liver, @entity381 and @entity882 , resulting in @entity409 . The significant association between the sinusoidal endothelium and platelets has suggested that @entity901 -based chemotherapy affects platelets in the liver. This study compared platelet counts in @entity1 who did and did not receive @entity901 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The peripheral blood platelet count was significantly lower in the NAC group (n=17) compared to that in the non-NAC, or control group (n=15) (P<0.05). The spleen index was also higher in the NAC group, although the difference was not significant. However, the spleens of the @entity1 in the NAC group were significantly enlarged following treatment (P<0.01). Immunostaining for the platelet surface marker @entity27463 (glycoprotein Ib), revealed more platelets in the liver in the NAC compared to the control group, particularly in the centrilobular zone III, adjacent to the hepatic central vein and in contact with hepatocytes (P<0.01). The platelets present in the spaces of Disse, referred to as extravasated @entity1423 (EPA), secrete a number of growth factors, including transforming growth factor-b, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and @entity2404 . In conclusion, EPA may play an important role in the development of hepatic @entity5501 . Moreover, antiplatelet drugs may prevent the onset of @entity5501 and @entity99 in @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy for @entity14 .

title: @entity901 -based chemotherapy induces extravasated XXXX in the liver.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['SOS', 'sinusoidal obstruction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRLM', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that @entity1162 increases the incidence of unintentional hysterotomy extensions at cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of term pregnant @entity1 who underwent primary cesarean delivery after failed second stage of labor at Stanford University was assessed for hysterotomy extensions and other maternal and neonatal morbidities. Groups included second stage length of 1-3 hours and >4 hours. Data were analyzed with the use of chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Of the 239 @entity1 who were studied, the second stage of labor lasted 1-3 hours in 82 @entity1 and >4 hours in 157 @entity1 . @entity1162 was associated with unintentional hysterotomy extensions (40% vs 26%; P = .03), particularly to the cervix (29% vs 5%; P = .005), and with surgery that lasted >90 minutes (9% vs 1%; P = .01). The incidence of hysterotomy extensions was associated positively with the length of the second stage. Other maternal and neonatal morbidities were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1162 is associated with an increase in unintentional hysterotomy extensions at cesarean delivery and prolonged operative time. The future risk of hysterotomy extensions merits further investigation.

title: Cesarean delivery outcomes after a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Prolonged second stage of labor', 'prolonged second stage of labor']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['prolonged second stage of labor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for @entity311 enable proper diagnosis and have been shown to reduce overuse of @entity507 combination therapy. Few studies have evaluated the feasibility and use of RDTs in the private sector in Myanmar. The objectives of the study were to: 1) understand the acceptability of using RDTs in the informal sector in Myanmar; 2) examine motivations for use among informal providers; and, 3) highlight decision-making and knowledge of providers for diagnostic testing and treatment. METHODS: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 informal providers. Purposeful sampling was used to enrol study @entity1 in the Mon and Shan State in Myanmar. All interviews were conducted in Burmese, translated into English, and two researchers coded all interviews using Atlas ti. RESULTS: Major themes identified included: 1) informal provider and outlet characteristics, including demographic and background characteristics; 2) the benefits and challenges of using RDTs according to providers; 3) provider experiences with using RDTs, including motivations for using the RDT; 4) adherence to test results, either positive or negative; and, 5) recommendations from informal providers to promote increased use of RDTs in their communities. This study found that introducing RDTs to informal providers in Myanmar was feasible, resulting in improved provider empowerment and @entity1 -provider relationships. Specific challenges included facility infrastructure to use and dispose RDTs and provider knowledge. This varied across the type of informal provider, with itinerant drug vendors more comfortable and knowledgeable about RDTs compared to general retail sellers and medical drug representatives. CONCLUSIONS: This study found informal providers in Myanmar found the introduction of RDTs to be highly acceptable. Providers discussed improvement in service quality including provider empowerment and @entity1 -provider relationships. The study also highlighted a number of challenges that informal providers face which may be used for future development of interventions.

title: Motivation and challenges for use of XXXX rapid diagnostic tests among informal providers in Myanmar: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']