abstract: @entity143 -receptors are a major target in the prevention and treatment of @entity158 states in @entity9 . However, previous studies revealed equivocal results depending on study design and efficacy parameters. We tested the analgesic (generalized reduction of generation and processing of nociceptive signalling) and anti- @entity1931 (prevention of central sensitization) properties of the @entity143 -receptor antagonist @entity32739 and the @entity972 channel opener @entity29588 in the intradermal @entity2951 injection model. Furthermore, we tested the effect on @entity158 summation (wind up). Eighteen healthy subjects received either a single dose of @entity32739 (40 mg p.o.), @entity29588 (100 mg) or placebo in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. @entity158 evoked by intradermal @entity2951 injection as well as @entity158 evoked by pinpricks was significantly reduced by @entity32739 (-22% to -30% vs. placebo) in the non-sensitized skin indicating a marked analgesic effect. Moreover, dynamic mechanical @entity1931 ( @entity158 to light touch) was also significantly attenuated by @entity32739 (-28% vs. placebo). However, static secondary @entity1931 to pinprick stimuli after @entity2951 injection was not significantly reduced (-9% vs. placebo). @entity29588 showed no analgesic or anti- @entity1931 effect. Mechanically-evoked wind up of @entity158 sensation was not affected by any treatment. The results suggests that in a @entity1 surrogate model of @entity1931 a single low-dose of @entity32739 had a marked analgesic effect in the sensitized and in the non-sensitized state and thus may be a useful drug to treat the enhanced @entity158 sensitivity in @entity9 @entity1 . Its efficacy may be based on @entity1337 rather than anti- @entity1931 or anti-windup. In contrast, @entity29588 showed neither an analgesic nor an anti- @entity1931 effect at a dose used for the treatment of @entity282 .

title: Antihyperalgesic and analgesic properties of the N-methyl-D-aspartate ( @entity143 ) receptor antagonist @entity32739 in a XXXX surrogate model of @entity1931 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32739 :: ('MESH:C114144', 'Chemical') :: ['neramexane']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'neurogenic hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity29588 :: ('MESH:C034161', 'Chemical') :: ['flupirtine', 'Flupirtine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'hyperalgesic pain']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prolactin-Janus-kinase-2-signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 ( @entity4016 - @entity11715 ) pathway is essential for the development and functional differentiation of the mammary gland. The pathway also has important roles in mammary tumourigenesis. Prolactin regulated target genes are not yet well defined in @entity5 cells, and we undertook, to the best of our knowledge, the first large genetic screen of @entity0 cells treated with or without exogenous prolactin. We hypothesise that the identification of these genes should yield insights into the mechanisms by which prolactin participates in @entity5 formation or progression, and possibly how it regulates normal mammary gland development. METHODS: We used subtractive hybridisation to identify a number of prolactin-regulated genes in the @entity1 mammary @entity189 cell line SKBR3. Northern blotting analysis and luciferase assays identified the gene encoding heat shock protein 90-alpha ( @entity4041 ) as a prolactin- @entity4016 - @entity11715 target gene, whose function was characterised using apoptosis assays. RESULTS: We identified a number of new prolactin-regulated genes in @entity0 cells. Focusing on @entity4041 , we determined that prolactin increased @entity4041 mRNA in cancerous @entity1 breast SKBR3 cells and that @entity14252 preferentially activated the @entity4041 promoter in reporter gene assays. Both prolactin and its downstream protein effector, @entity4041 , promote survival, as shown by apoptosis assays and by the addition of the HSP90 inhibitor, @entity45335 ( @entity45335 ), in both untransformed @entity2842 mammary epithelial cells and SKBR3 @entity0 cells. The constitutive expression of @entity4041 , however, sensitised differentiated @entity2842 cells to starvation-induced wild-type @entity876 -independent apoptosis. Interestingly, in SKBR3 @entity0 cells, @entity4041 promoted survival in the presence of serum but appeared to have little effect during starvation. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to identifying new prolactin-regulated genes in @entity0 cells, we found that prolactin- @entity4016 - @entity11715 induces expression of the @entity4041 gene, which encodes the master chaperone of @entity5 . This identifies one mechanism by which prolactin contributes to @entity0 . Increased expression of @entity4041 in @entity0 is correlated with increased cell survival and poor prognosis and @entity4041 inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials as a @entity0 treatment. Our results also indicate that @entity4041 promotes survival depending on the cellular conditions and state of cellular transformation.

title: Heat shock protein-90-alpha, a prolactin- @entity11715 target gene identified in XXXX cells, is involved in apoptosis regulation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity45335 :: ('MESH:C112765', 'Chemical') :: ['17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin', '17-AAG']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previously it was shown that a brief yoga-based lifestyle intervention was efficacious in reducing oxidative stress and risk of @entity102 even in a short duration. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of this intervention in reducing stress and @entity32 in @entity1 with chronic inflammatory diseases. DESIGN: This study reports preliminary results from a nonrandomized prospective ongoing study with pre-post design. SETTING/LOCATION: The study was conducted at the Integral Health Clinic, an outpatient facility conducting these yoga-based lifestyle intervention programs for prevention and management of @entity102 . SUBJECTS: @entity1 with chronic inflammatory diseases and overweight/ @entity28 subjects were included while physically challenged, and those on other interventions were excluded from the study. INTERVENTION: A pretested intervention program included asanas (postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), stress management, group discussions, lectures, and individualized advice. OUTCOME MEASURES: There was a reduction in stress (plasma @entity701 and b-endorphin) and @entity32 (interleukin [IL]-6 and @entity5 necrosis factor [ @entity310 ) at day 0 versus day 10. RESULTS: Eighty-six (86) @entity1 (44 female, 42 male, 40.07    13.91 years) attended this program. Overall, the mean level of @entity701 decreased from baseline to day 10 (149.95    46.07, 129.07    33.30 ng/mL; p=0.001) while b-endorphins increased from baseline to day 10 (3.53    0.88, 4.06    0.79 ng/mL; p=0.024). Also, there was reduction from baseline to day 10 in mean levels of @entity650 (2.16    0.42, 1.94    0.10 pg/mL, p=0.036) and @entity310 (2.85    0.59, 1.95    0.32 pg/mL, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: This brief yoga-based lifestyle intervention reduced the markers of stress and @entity32 as early as 10 days in @entity1 with @entity102 ; however, complete results of this study will confirm whether this program has utility as complementary and alternative therapy.

title: Efficacy of a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention in reducing stress and XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate selective and superselective catheter therapy of serious @entity16 associated with orthopedic surgery of the pelvis, hip joint, femur, and knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 2005, 16 consecutive @entity1 with @entity16 after orthopedic surgery (seven @entity1 , nine @entity1 ; mean age, 62 years; age range, 21-82 y) underwent angiographic exploration. Seven @entity1 were in hemodynamically unstable condition. Initial orthopedic procedures were iliac crest internal fixation (n = 1); total hip prosthesis (n = 3); revision of total hip prosthesis (n = 4); revision of acetabular cup prosthesis (n = 1); gamma-nailing, nail-plate fixation, or intramedullary nailing (n = 3); and total knee prosthesis (n = 4). RESULTS: Angiography showed @entity2849 (n = 11), vascular lacerations with active extravasation (n = 3), and @entity2548 with extravasation (n = 2). After angiographic documentation of serious @entity1317 , 14 @entity1 were treated with a single or coaxial catheter technique in combination with coils alone, coils and @entity4832 particles, coils and Gelfoam pledgets, or Gelfoam pledgets; or @entity432 with @entity17592 and coils. Two @entity1 were treated with covered stents. In all, bleeding was effectively controlled in a single session in 16 @entity1 , with immediate circulatory stabilization. Major complications included @entity1151 , and postprocedural @entity1410 . CONCLUSION: Selective and superselective catheter therapy may be used for effective, minimally invasive management of rare but potentially life-threatening @entity455 after orthopedic surgery.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX as an uncommon complication after orthopedic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['arterial damage']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['death, pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity17592 :: ('MESH:D002015', 'Chemical') :: ['isobutyl cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Penetrating orbital injuries constitute a significant threat to ocular and cerebral structures. The incidence of central nervous system damage from @entity2694 is related to the orbital anatomy and the characteristics of the penetrating object. Penetrating orbital injuries involving the brain stem are extremely rare. OBJECTIVES: To present an uncommon case of penetrating @entity2694 and to discuss surgical management. CASE STUDY: A @entity1 suffered from a @entity2982 by a Bakelite comb which extended from his left orbit through the cavernous sinus to the pons. Complete occlusion of the left cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery was detected and a frontotemporal craniotomy with lateral superior orbitotomy was performed to remove the object. A delayed asymptomatic @entity13669 was identified 1 year later. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment remains the mainstay of intervention for penetrating @entity130 . The rationale of surgical removal of a foreign body should focus on safe exposure and removal of the object at the earliest without inflicting further injuries. Close follow-up for a delayed @entity13669 is necessary.

title: The surgical management of a penetrating XXXX with a bakelite foreign body reaching the brain stem.

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital injury']

entities_list: @entity13669 :: ('MESH:D020216', 'Disease') :: ['carotid-cavernous fistula']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orbitocranial injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['orbitocranial injury']


abstract: @entity1718 have an important role in providing energy for sustained contractile activity and viability of the heart. However, considerable evidence now supports a role for @entity1718 in the modulation of @entity65 as well. This may be beneficial or detrimental due to the structural differences in the various @entity1718 . @entity1474 appear to provide important protection to the heart during @entity63 reperfusion challenge. Conversely, @entity15018 are thought to mediate detrimental cardiac effects. Potentially pathological features of @entity63 cardiomyocytes may be manifested as qualitative findings in studies of @entity583 and @entity731 . These general conclusions, however, are complicated by opposing effects that different @entity1718 have even within the same group (i.e. n-6 versus @entity9539 within the @entity1474 group, and industrial versus ruminant trans fats). Understanding more about how these @entity844 species alter @entity63 @entity296 is an increasingly attractive area of research. The identification of further targets of @entity844 interactions has great potential to provide valuable information for the modulation of @entity65 .

title: Differential effects of trans and @entity1474 on @entity63 / reperfusion injury and its associated XXXX states.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity15018 :: ('MESH:D044242', 'Chemical') :: ['trans fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyunsaturated fatty acids', 'polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acids', 'fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular pathology']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Resistance to antimicrobial agents in @entity328 is increasing rapidly in many Asian countries. There is little recent information concerning resistance levels in Vietnam. A prospective study of pneumococcal carriage in 911 urban and rural Vietnamese @entity1 , of whom 44% were nasal carriers, was performed. Carriage was more common in @entity1 <5 years old than in those >/=5 years old (192 of 389 [49.4%] versus 212 of 522 [40.6%]; P, 0.01). A total of 136 of 399 isolates (34%) had intermediate susceptibility to @entity114 ( @entity29154 , 0.1 to 1 mg/liter), and 76 of 399 isolates (19%) showed resistance (MIC, >1.0 mg/liter). A total of 54 of 399 isolates (13%) had intermediate susceptibility to @entity2756 , and 3 of 399 isolates (1%) were resistant. @entity114 resistance was 21.7 (95% confidence interval, 7.0 to 67.6) times more common in urban than in rural @entity1 (35 versus 2%; P, <0.001). More than 40% of isolates from urban @entity1 were also resistant to @entity2929 , @entity799 , @entity2755 , and @entity803 . @entity114 resistance was independently associated with an urban location when the age of the @entity1 was controlled for. Multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more antimicrobial agent groups) was present in 32% of isolates overall but in 39% of isolates with intermediate susceptibility to @entity114 and 86% of isolates with @entity114 resistance. The predominant serotypes of the @entity2260 isolates were 19, 23, 14, 6, and 18. Almost half of the @entity114 -resistant isolates serotyped were serotype 23, and these isolates were often multidrug resistant. This study suggests that resistance to @entity114 and other antimicrobial agents is common in carriage isolates of @entity2260 from @entity1 in Vietnam.

title: Nasal carriage in Vietnamese XXXX of @entity328 resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin', 'Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In this study, we searched for patterns in selected, quantitative microscopic features of the developing postnatal @entity1 cortex for 35 cytoarchitectural areas at eight age points from birth to 72 months. These data come from the largest extant survey of the microscopic features of the developing postnatal @entity1 cerebral cortex (JL Conel, 1939-67). In contrast to Jacobson's proposal that cortical surface area increases in proportion to brain weight, Conel's data show that surface area increases as brain weight2/3, with the maximal rate of increase in both brain weight and cortical surface area occurring from 1 to 3 months. We computed the numbers of cortical neurons per cortical layer under 1 @entity202 of cortical surface (neurons/layer per @entity202 column) and divided these values by the total neuron number/ @entity202 column. For all areas, these data show plateaux in most of the layers for periods of months to years, often preceded and followed by changes in their neuron number in a sinusoidal fashion. The age points of the maxima and minima of such laminar values differ across the 35 cortical areas, indicating that their sinusoids are phase-shifted with respect to each other. Ranking the six layers in each area at each age point by their neuron number/layer per @entity202 column shows that, by 72 months, the first areas to receive thalamic auditory or visual input (primary sensory and unimodal association cortices) have the most neurons in layer 4 and in either layer 3 or 6. In contrast, by 72 months, other areas have the most neurons in layers 3 and 6, with the primary motor cortex reaching this ranking earlier than any other area. For temporal and parietal association areas, layers 2 (short cortico-cortical connections) and 4 (thalamo-cortical connections) have the most neurons from birth to 6 months, whereas layers 3 (long cortico-cortical connections) and 6 (cortico-thalamic connections) have the most neurons by 72 months. The quantitative, statistically non-random patterns demonstrated by our analyses suggest that hierarchical correlations between such structural changes and age-specific behavioral acquisitions exist during the first 72 months of postnatal development.

title: Quantitative microscopic anatomy, illustrated by its potential role in furthering understanding of the processes of structuring the developing XXXX cerebral cortex.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Motor neuron (MN) degeneration is the pathological hallmark of @entity4681 , a group of @entity179 clinically manifested as @entity2901 and @entity427 , followed by @entity912 , @entity1576 , and @entity204 . Ample evidence supports a role of @entity3264 -mediated excitotoxicity in @entity204 . In previous work we showed that stimulation of @entity3264 release from nerve endings by perfusion of the @entity3529 -channel blocker @entity973 ( @entity974 ) in the @entity35 hippocampus induces @entity410 and @entity179 , and that @entity140 infusion in the spinal cord produces @entity912 and @entity528 . On these bases, in this work we have tested the effect of the chronic infusion of @entity974 in the spinal cord, using implanted osmotic minipumps, on motor activity and on MN survival, and the mechanisms underlying this effect. @entity974 produced @entity2901 and @entity51 assessed in two motor tests, which start 2-3 h after the implant, which ameliorated spontaneously within 6-7 days, but no @entity179 . These effects were prevented by both @entity140 and @entity3391 receptors blockers. The role of GABAA receptors was also explored, and we found that chronic infusion of @entity1027 induced moderate @entity528 and enhanced the hyperexcitation produced by @entity974 . Unexpectedly, the GABAAR agonist @entity6341 also induced @entity51 and failed to prevent the @entity528 induced by @entity140 . We conclude that motor alterations induced by chronic @entity974 infusion in the spinal cord in vivo is due to ionotropic @entity3264 receptor overactivation and that blockade of GABAergic neurotransmission induces @entity528 under chronic conditions. These results shed light on the role of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the regulation of MN excitability in the spinal cord.

title: Motor Alterations Induced by Chronic XXXX Infusion in the Spinal Cord In vivo: Role of @entity3264 and GABA Receptors.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['MN diseases']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'motor death']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['MN degeneration', 'MN death']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-Aminopyridine']


abstract: CASE STUDY: A case of @entity1031 left anterior descending @entity432 following electrical cardioversion for @entity955 is described. A 66-year-old female @entity1 presenting with exertional @entity951 and @entity955 was subjected to coronary angiography, ventriculography and transesophageal echocardiography. No significant coronary stenoses were found, left ventricular systolic function and regional wall motion were normal, and she had no intracardiac thrombi. Direct-current cardioversion was complicated by @entity1167 which was managed by cardiac massage and 1 mg @entity3897 and 1 mg adrenaline intravenously. Shortly afterwards, the @entity1 regained a normal sinus rhythm. She remained @entity551 and developed ST segment elevation over the chest leads. Angiography was repeated and showed @entity661 and @entity1031 of the proximal LAD, which migrated to the periphery and subsequently disappeared with regain of TIMI 3 flow by the end of angiography. 4 months later, a normal left ventricular global and regional function was seen in echocardiography. HYPOTHESIS: At least part of the @entity661 @entity1 are a sequel of transient @entity1031 . METHODS: Therefore, all @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity301 in the period from September 2004 to September 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Further three @entity1 had @entity453 (two females, one male; age 69-76 years). Two @entity1 had @entity661 , and one showed @entity2845 (known @entity384 ). Cardiac markers were slightly elevated. ST segment elevation was seen in two @entity1 and T-wave inversion in one. All had risk factors for embolization and two had an additional triggering factor. Both cases with @entity661 had regained a normal ejection fraction at follow-up. CONCLUSION: This case series probably bridges the gap between two as yet separate disease entities, namely the @entity661 and @entity301 . The time factor probably plays the pivotal role in determining whether the @entity661 alone or also an @entity887 is seen. It seems possible that some @entity1 presenting with @entity661 are unrecognized coronary @entity1031 cases.

title: [ @entity301 with XXXX complicating electrical cardioversion--is it part of the @entity661 ? Case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary embolism', 'coronary emboli']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['global hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic occlusions', 'thromboembolic subtotal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['apical ballooning syndrome', 'apical ballooning']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery embolism']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['apical ballooning']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity662 . Chest X-ray and CT revealed an anterior mediastinal mass as well as several small masses attached to the left chest wall. @entity704 was diagnosed by percutaneous biopsy. The serum level of anti- @entity934 receptor antibody was 30.3 pmol/ml. At operation, the @entity704 was found left in the anterior mediastinum, extending to the upper lobe of the lung. There were also numerous @entity5 of various size in the left parietal pleura. Thymectomy, partial resection of the upper lobe of the lung and pleurectomy were performed. One month later, she developed @entity1737 . After a complete remission of @entity1737 brought about by anti- @entity1877 esterase therapy, the @entity1 was treated with irradiation. She has been well for more than five years after the operation but her serum anti- @entity934 receptor antibody level is still higher than normal.

title: [A case of @entity704 which was treated by pleurectomy with XXXX survival without recurrence for more than five years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['Thymoma', 'thymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: This present study aims to investigate the changes in the inflammatory markers after elective endovascular treatment of @entity1580 with @entity439 , as related to different anatomical features of the dissection flap in the paravisceral perfusion. Consecutive @entity1 with type B aortic dissections with elective endovascular stent graft repair were recruited and categorized into different groups. Serial plasma levels of cytokines ( @entity1356 , @entity310 ), chemokines ( @entity2842 ), and serum @entity1011 were monitored at pre-, peri- and post-operative stages. The length of stent graft employed in each surgery was retrieved and correlated with the change of all studied biochemical parameters. A control group of aortic dissected @entity1 with conventional medication management was recruited for comparing the baseline biochemical parameters. In total, 22 endovascular treated and 16 aortic dissected @entity1 with surveillance were recruited. The endovascular treated @entity1 had comparable baseline levels as the non-surgical @entity1 . There was no immediate or thirty day-mortality, and none of the surgical @entity1 developed post-operative mesenteric ischaemia or clinically significant @entity8 . All surgical @entity1 had detectable pro-inflammatory mediators, but none of the them showed any statistical significant surge in the peri-operative period except @entity1356 and @entity650 . Similar results were obtained when categorized into different groups. @entity1356 and @entity650 showed maximal levels within hours of the endovascular procedure (range, 3.93 to 27.3 higher than baseline; p=0.001), but returned to baseline 1 day post-operatively. The change of @entity1356 and @entity650 at the stent graft deployment was statistically greater in longer stent graft (p>0.05). No significant changes were observed in the serum @entity1011 levels. In conclusion, elective endovascular repair of @entity1580 associated with insignificant changes in inflammatory mediators and @entity1011 . All levels fell toward basal levels post-operatively suggesting that thoracic endovascular aortic repair is rather less aggressive with insignificant inflammatory modulation.

title: Changes in inflammatory response after endovascular treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection', 'Type B aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type B aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atypical @entity1381 (aHUS) is associated with mutations affecting complement proteins and regulators and with autoantibodies against @entity4050 ( @entity4050 ). Approximately half of the aHUS @entity1 progress to @entity454 . DNA analysis of the risk factor genes is important for prognosis of aHUS recurrence after renal transplantation. METHODS: Mutational screening of C3 encoding the central complement component was performed by Sanger sequencing in 70 aHUS @entity1 . Mutated and wild type recombinant @entity4417 proteins were produced and their affinity to @entity4050 was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: A single novel missense change @entity44750 in C3 was found in 3 aHUS @entity1 . The alteration leads to decreased binding of @entity4417 to @entity4050 in vitro. All three @entity1 acquired the illness as adults and had a first aHUS episode after renal transplantation or suffered recurrence of the disease after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: The novel C3 change was found in 3 aHUS @entity1 . It results in decreased @entity4417 binding to @entity4050 and thus might lead to impaired @entity4417 inactivation in vivo. The @entity44750 is likely to be associated with aHUS after kidney transplantation and, therefore, might be an important prognostic factor.

title: Novel C3 mutation XXXX in aHUS affects @entity4050 binding.

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4050 :: ('3075', 'Gene') :: ['complement factor H', 'CFH']

entities_list: @entity44750 :: ('p|SUB|K|65|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Lys65Gln']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity44750 :: (p|SUB|K|65|Q,ProteinMutation) :: ['p.Lys65Gln']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the occurrence of @entity6795 ( @entity31304 ) and its relationship to @entity85 in @entity1645 ( @entity1645 ) is limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity6795 and its relationship to @entity85 regarding @entity1645 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain and cervical spinal MRI from 66 @entity1 (age range, 1-256  days; mean age, 22.3  days) with @entity1645 were retrospectively reviewed. If present, the type, number and location of @entity6795 were recorded. @entity85 was assessed for the level of the medullary kink, the descent of the pons and the shape of the fourth ventricle; these parameters were compared in @entity1 with and without @entity6795 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity6795 were identified. Only @entity27448 was noted. The median level of the medullary kink was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity6795 compared with @entity1 without it (P   =   0.037). A low pontomesencephalic junction was identified more frequently in @entity1 with @entity6795 (65.0%), relative to @entity1 without @entity6795 (34.8%) (P   =   0.045). The fourth ventricular shape was not significantly different in @entity1 with or without @entity6795 (P   =   0.684). CONCLUSION: @entity27448 was seen in a relatively high proportion of @entity1 with @entity1645 , suggesting that it may be associated with severe @entity85 .

title: @entity27448 is related to severity of the XXXX in @entity1645 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari II malformation', 'CIIM']

entities_list: @entity27448 :: ('MESH:D054091', 'Disease') :: ['Periventricular nodular heterotopia', 'periventricular nodular heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Hindbrain deformity', 'hindbrain deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['hindbrain deformity']


abstract: A central feature of chronic @entity32 is accumulation of monocyte/macrophages in the tissue. It is well known that circulating monocytes are short-lived cells whereas tissue macrophages are longer-lived cells. One mechanism that may account for accumulation of inflammatory cells includes enhanced survival and/or differentiation of these cells. Recent studies imply that signals released by tissue structural cells may be crucial in these events. To investigate this notion, @entity1 blood monocytes were cultured with either culture medium alone as a control, @entity1 nasal epithelial cell- @entity558 (EpCM), or fibroblast- @entity558 (FCM) for more than 1 wk. Survival of monocytes in medium alone was 17% at day 7, whereas survival of those cultured with 50% of EpCM or FCM was 62% and 64%, respectively. The effect of EpCM and FCM was dose dependent. Preincubation of either @entity558 ( @entity558 ) with an antibody against @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) or an antibody against @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ) resulted in a partial abrogation of the survival-enhancing effect, to an average of 50% and 30%, respectively. Complete inhibition was obtained by preincubation of the @entity558 with a combination of both antibodies. The effect of @entity558 represented true survival because @entity558 only induced a low profile of @entity665 incorporation and, furthermore, less than 0.3% of the cells cultured with @entity558 underwent DNA synthesis as assessed by autoradiography. In addition, ultrastructural observations demonstrated that most monocytes cultured with either @entity558 but not with control culture medium assumed ultrastructural features of macrophages by day 8 of culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1 upper airway structural cell-derived cytokines support XXXX peripheral blood monocyte survival: a potential mechanism for monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the tissue.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several therapeutic options are available for the treatment of @entity1694 . Concern exists that there is no uniform approach towards the management of @entity1694 among Dutch dermatologists. METHODS: A written survey concerning the management of @entity1694 was sent to 332 dermatologists in The Netherlands. RESULTS: The response rate was 86%. "Giving information and reassurance concerning the nature of disease" was regarded by most dermatologists (68%) as being the most important goal in the management of @entity1694 . Only 16% of the dermatologists aimed for active treatment in @entity1694 . The reported therapy choices in @entity1 resembled those of adults, except that slightly more dermatologists did not prescribe active therapy in @entity1 . Nine different therapeutic modalities were mentioned as first choice therapies. Topical corticosteroids were indicated by most dermatologists as first choice therapy (241 out of 266, i.e. 91%); however, only 2% indicated that 50% or more of the @entity1 achieved a successful treatment; 66% found that less than 25% of the @entity1 were successfully treated with topical corticosteroids. Only 15% of the respondents reported that 50% or more of the @entity1 were treated successfully with narrow-band UVB. The observed response profile to broad-band UVB therapy was found to be comparable with that of narrow-band UVB. The classical therapy with oral psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) was prescribed as first choice therapy by only 12% (32 out of 266) of the dermatologists. Only 6% of these respondents observed that 50% or more of the @entity1 achieved successful therapy using oral PUVA. The recommended maximum treatment duration for topical corticosteroids, oral PUVA, and UVB therapy was found to vary from 3 to 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Most dermatologists in The Netherlands do not offer active treatment in @entity1694 , probably because the estimated effectiveness of (nonsurgical) repigmentation therapy is low. In cases where treatment is prescribed, there appears to be no consensus on the choice of therapies and treatment strategies. The development of practice guidelines may be helpful in reducing inappropriate care and improving treatment outcome.

title: Management of XXXX . Results of a questionnaire among dermatologists in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: @entity1 with inoperable @entity356 were given either of two regimens of combined @entity20941 and @entity900 with different dose intensities. The results were compared based on ratios of the actual and the scheduled total doses of the regimens [relative performance (RP)]. The overall response rates and survival curves between the regimens showed no differences, but the incidences of severe adverse drug reactions was higher with regimen A, which had a higher dose intensity. Furthermore, survivals with regimen A were no different between the responding and non-responding @entity1 , whereas the survivals of responding @entity1 under regimen B were significantly longer than those of non-responding @entity1 . Average RP were 0.87 with regimen A and 0.93 with regimen B. The mean RP of responding and non-responding @entity1 were 0.94 and 0.84, respectively, with regimen A, and 0.99 and 0.89 with regimen B. Regarding survivals in both the RP = 1.0 and the RP < 1.0 groups, no difference was observed with regimen A. However, with regimen B, the RP = 1.0 group exhibited significantly better survival curves. Furthermore, survivals of the RP = 1.0 group under regimen B were much more favorable than in the RP = 1.0 group under regimen A. The above findings show that a regimen with an appropriate dose intensity has a favorable survival effect on @entity1 .

title: [Two regimens of combined XXXX and @entity900 showing different dose intensities--investigation based on relative performances].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity20941 :: ('MESH:C025034|MESH:C534213', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine"]

answer: @entity20941 :: (MESH:C025034|MESH:C534213,Chemical) :: ['5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Outcome of @entity409 in @entity1 is mainly determined by severity and progression of @entity1575 . Liver biopsy is the accepted standard for evaluating @entity82 but is limited by the need for sedation in @entity1 , sampling error, and risks including @entity548 . The aim of the present study was to compare tools for noninvasive assessment of @entity1575 in a paediatric cohort. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing liver biopsy for @entity409 were recruited and underwent transient elastography (TE). Liver biopsies were scored by a hepatohistopathologist from F0 (no @entity82 ) to F4 ( @entity82 ). TE was compared with biopsy score. RESULTS: During the study period, 104 @entity1 (62 @entity1 ) were enrolled (median age 13.6 years). Diagnosis was @entity409 in 27; @entity1561 in 37; posttransplant in 16; @entity1956 /C in 8; @entity2360 in 5; and the remainder, miscellaneous. TE was successful in all but 7 @entity1 and was a good discriminator of significant @entity82 (>=  F2) (P < 0.001), severe @entity82 (>=  F3) (P < 0.001), and @entity82 (F4) (P = 0.003). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction of >=  F2, >=  F3, and F4 using TE was 0.78, 0.79, and 0.96, respectively. TE performed best in @entity1 with @entity409 and in those posttransplant. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that TE is a reliable tool in distinguishing different stages of @entity1575 in paediatric @entity1 . Thus, TE may serve as a useful adjunct to liver biopsy for diagnostic purposes providing a reliable method of noninvasively monitoring @entity409 progression in @entity1 .

title: Transient elastography is a useful noninvasive tool for the evaluation of @entity82 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver disease', 'autoimmune liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['Wilson disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['paediatric chronic liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intraarticular hyaluronic acid (HA) (Artzal, Seikagaku Corp., Japan) in geriatric @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHOD: This was a prospective, observer-blind study with 6 months follow-up done in the setting of an outpatient rehabilitation department in a university-affiliated tertiary care medical center. Sixty-eight @entity1 , aged 65 years or above, with symptoms and radiographic evidence of unilateral knee @entity571 for at least 6 months were recruited. @entity1 received five weekly intraarticular injections of Artzal into symptomatic knees. Fifty-six @entity1 completed the study. Fifty age-, body mass- and gender-matched healthy individuals were selected as control. Visual analog scale (VAS), Lequesne index and four balance tests including @entity13197 ( @entity13197 ), function reach test (FRT), timed "Up-and-Go" test (TUG) and Berg balance scale (BBS) were assessed before injection and at each follow-up visit in the @entity571 group. Four balance tests were obtained on healthy @entity1 for data comparison. RESULTS: Before Artzal injections, the @entity571 group showed significantly worse VAS, Lequesne index and four balance tests scores than did the control group (P < 0.001). Significant improvement in all outcome measures were noted at 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months post the fifth injection compared with baseline before injection. Local adverse events were reported in four @entity1 (7.1%). CONCLUSION: Significant improvement in @entity158 , physical function and balance tests was demonstrated after five weekly Artzal injections in geriatric @entity1 with knee @entity571 . The effect had rapid onset at 1 week and may last for 6 months.

title: Hyaluronate improves XXXX , physical function and balance in the geriatric osteoarthritic knee: a 6-month follow-up study using clinical tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity13197 :: ('MESH:D010264', 'Disease') :: ['SLS', 'single-leg stance test']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: 1. A patch-clamp set-up was optimized for low noise and high time resolution. An Axoclamp 200B amplifier was modified to incorporate a Teflon connector to the electrode. An electrode puller was equipped with a @entity3884 - @entity26 burner to produce quartz-glass pipettes with optimally 0.2 micron openings and 20 MOmega resistance. 2. The r.m.s. (root mean square) noise of sealed pipettes in the bath ranged from 3.6 fA with 100 Hz filter cut-off to 1.5 pA with 61 kHz filter cut-off. At these extremes currents of 17 fA and more than 3 ms, or 9 pA and more than 6 micros could be resolved with a negligible error rate. 3. The system was tested on @entity19 myoballs, recording 9-10 pA single channel currents on-cell at -200 mV polarization which were elicited by 0.1-5000 microM @entity934 ( @entity1617 ). 4. Distributions of open and closed times and of correlations of open times to the preceding closed time defined several open states: single openings with mean durations of 1.2 and 25 micros, from single-liganded receptors, and bursts of 10 ms mean duration containing on average 800 micros openings and 16 micros closings, from double liganded receptors. Above 0.1 mM @entity1617 these openings are interrupted increasingly by on average 18 micros and 72 micros channel blocks by @entity1617 .

title: Single channel currents at six microsecond resolution elicited by XXXX in @entity19 myoballs.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: @entity977 is a rare @entity5 and is difficult to manage. @entity977 commonly produce either PRL or ACTH, but some do not produce pituitary hormones. The alkylating reagent @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) was recently shown to be effective as a treatment for @entity977 . Most of the published reports of @entity2904 use in @entity977 cases were against hormone-producing @entity189 . Only a few @entity1 with a nonfunctioning @entity977 treated with @entity2904 have been reported. Here we describe our treatment of a @entity1 with nonfunctioning @entity977 and a background of @entity7582 . The @entity977 was accompanied by @entity693 with cerebral and L1 spinal bone metastasis. The @entity1 received continuous dosing of @entity2904 along with external radiation, followed by standard dosing of @entity2904 . There was an apparent antitumor response seen in MRI. @entity8724 , an enzyme antagonized by @entity2904 , was negative in the @entity5 . The therapeutic efficacy of @entity2904 and dosing schedules of @entity2904 in @entity977 are discussed.

title: A case of nonfunctioning @entity977 that responded to XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7582 :: ('MESH:D018761', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal dissemination']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary carcinoma', 'Pituitary carcinomas', 'Pituitary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: The number of Americans undergoing surgery for @entity1820 is increasing, as is the prevalence of @entity65 . Clinical risk factors have been found to be useful in predicting @entity299 after vascular procedures. Their utility for predicting @entity299 after @entity1820 surgery is unclear. We performed a retrospective review in order to determine whether clinical risk factors are useful in predicting @entity299 in @entity1 undergoing @entity1820 surgery and to ascertain the incidence of postoperative @entity299 . From 1998 to 2003, 333 @entity1 were identified, with an average age of 56 years. One hundred one (30.3%) @entity1 had one or more clinical risk factors. The overall @entity299 rate was 3.9 per cent. Age > 70 years was the only risk factor associated with a @entity299 . There was a trend toward increased cardiac risk with increasing number of risk factors. In the absence of clinical risk factors, @entity299 after surgery for @entity1820 are low. There is an increased cardiac risk in @entity1 > 70 years and a trend toward increased @entity299 as the number of clinical risk factors increases.

title: Cardiac morbidity and mortality after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['GI carcinoma', 'gastrointestinal (GI) cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Knowledge on the long-term effects of anti-TNF therapy in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) is still limited. Our objective was to study the long-term efficacy and safety of anti-TNF therapy in @entity1691 . METHODS: After having completed the first part of the EASIC trial a total of 71 @entity1 were enrolled into this 96-week extension study. @entity1 were treated with the same dosages and dosing intervals of infliximab as in the EASIC core study. Efficacy was assessed by using standardised assessment tools such as BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, @entity1 global assessment, @entity1851 levels and the proportion of @entity1 without any sign of @entity4932 or @entity625 . Long-term safety was assessed by documenting adverse events (AE), @entity137 ( @entity137 ) and reasons for dropping out. RESULTS: Of the 71 @entity1 included, 64 (90.1%) completed the trial , and 7 discontinued: one was lost to follow-up, 3 withdrew informed consent and in 3 @entity1 therapy was stopped for different reasons: secondary loss of response, recurrent @entity1491 . The completers showed rather stable low scores of BASDAI (mean 2.4, median 2.52), BASFI (mean 3.1, median 2.76) and BASMI (mean 3.2, median 3) as well as @entity1 global assessment and @entity1851 . The vast majority of @entity1 did not have @entity4932 or @entity625 . A total of 476 AE were observed, 13 of which were @entity137 . The majority of these were @entity281 and most of them affected the respiratory tract. Two @entity5 occurred: one @entity1491 and one @entity320 . These were the only @entity137 judged to be possibly related to the study drug. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-TNF treatment with infliximab is efficacious over long periods of time in @entity1 with @entity1691 . The observation of two skin related @entity5 , including one @entity320 , during the whole study period of 7 years is in line with reports from previous large @entity1691 data sets.

title: Clinical experience with the European XXXX Infliximab Cohort (EASIC): long-term extension over 7 years with focus on clinical efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['serious adverse events', 'SAE']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'infections and basal cell carcinoma of the skin']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and define a model of acute @entity603 / @entity2585 in the @entity1641 metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock) to study clinical effects of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. ANIMALS: 5 adult Standardbreds. PROCEDURE: @entity4832 foam particles were injected into the left front fetlock of @entity1641 ; the right front fetlock was used as a control. @entity1641 were examined clinically and for @entity1273 on a regular basis. Blood samples were taken to measure routine variables. Synovial fluid samples were collected from both fetlocks, and macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical variables were measured. The effects of local diagnostic nerve blocks and intra-articular anesthesia of the fetlock on ensuing @entity1273 were determined on days 2 and 3. After macroscopic evaluation at necropsy, histologic examination was performed on the fetlock cartilage and capsule. RESULTS: Changes in synovial fluid variables included increased @entity10659 and matrix metalloproteinases values and in other indicators of acute @entity32 . With respect to application of local nerve blocks, @entity1273 decreased most after a combination of metacarpal and palmar nerve blocks, whereas @entity1273 could only partially be blocked by intra-articular anesthesia. At necropsy, mild @entity32 of the synovium and deeper layers of the joint capsule was found; @entity4832 particles had been incorporated into the joint capsule. There was no evidence of articular cartilage damage. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of @entity4832 foam particles induces transient @entity603 / @entity2585 in the fetlock, mimicking @entity922 . The model does not seriously affect the @entity1641 's long-term wellbeing. Such model serves well for studying the effect of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

title: Experimental model of @entity603 / @entity2585 in the XXXX metacarpophalangeal joint.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horse', 'horses', 'equine']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol', 'Polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['capsulitis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical joint disorders']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the @entity943 profile in survivors of @entity583 in whom recanalization of the @entity1188 was attempted. 127 @entity1 with @entity583 were randomized to intravenous and intracoronary thrombolysis with or without transluminal coronary angioplasty. 84 of them, aged 54 +/- 9 years, had angiographic control, 24-hour Holter electrocardiographic monitoring and programmed electrical stimulation 4 weeks after @entity1188 . The study protocol of programmed electrical stimulation included single and double extrastimuli at 2 driving cycle lengths. The end point was the induction of @entity1165 with 10 and more beats. During @entity1188 28 @entity1 had @entity432 of the left anterior descending, 12 of the circumflex and 44 of the right coronary artery. Holter monitoring revealed both frequent (greater than 100 ventricular premature complexes per 24 hours) and repetitive ( @entity3480 , IVB) @entity943 in 23 @entity1 (27%). Inducible @entity1165 (greater than 6 beats) was found in 25 @entity1 (30%), which was sustained in 4 @entity1 . According to the angiographic results two groups of @entity1 could be identified: group A consisted of 64 @entity1 who showed primary recanalization of the @entity1188 with persistent patency at control. Group B consisted of 20 @entity1 who showed late reopening (n = 5) or a closed @entity1188 (n = 15) due to late reocclusion in 9 of them. Frequent @entity1540 occurred in 18 group A and in 5 group B @entity1 (n.s.). Repetitive @entity1540 were found in 21 group A and in 2 group B @entity1 (P less than 0.05). Inducible @entity1165 was observed in 17 @entity1 of group A (27%) and in 8 @entity1 of group B (40%) (n.s.). The incidence of spontaneous and stimulus-induced @entity943 was not influenced by the type of recanalization procedure. Furthermore no relation to the time interval between onset of preinfarct @entity951 and angiographically demonstrated reperfusion of the @entity1188 was found. The @entity1 in the two groups did not differ with respect to left ventricular ejection fraction, number of abnormal contracting wall segments or site of @entity1188 . It is concluded that reperfusion @entity1188 does not differ from @entity1188 due to permanent @entity432 with respect to inducible @entity1165 but may favor repetitive ectopic activity.

title: Outcome of primary coronary recanalization and @entity943 profile in survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related vessel', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature contractions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of classic risk scores in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 have numerous limitations. Relationships between coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) and traditional risk factors are derived from statistical analyses. At present, there are no data on the evaluation of the CACS on 64  -slice multi-detector computed tomography in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity63 symptoms based on a head  -to  -head comparison with matched nondiabetics. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the associations between traditional risk factors and the CACS in a nested case  -control study. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 2482 consecutive symptomatic subjects with known CACS. We identified 325 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . From the remaining subjects, 325 controls matched for age, sex, and risk factors were selected. RESULTS:   Higher CACS values were observed in @entity1 with @entity6 (median, 50 Agatston units [AU]; range, 0-4330) compared with nondiabetic controls (9 AU, 0-3036, P <0.001). Positive CACS values were more common in @entity6 @entity1 (73.5%) compared with nondiabetic controls (60.9%, P <0.001). The highest CACS value was observed in @entity1 (95.5 AU, 0-3755). The median CACS value in nondiabetic @entity1 was comparable to those in @entity6 @entity1 (24.5 AU, 0-3036 vs. 24.5 AU, 0-3755). The lowest CACS values were observed in control @entity1 (3 AU, 0-2144). Coronary artery @entity460 was more diffused in @entity6 @entity1 compared with controls (P <0.01). A multivariate analysis showed that older age and male sex were independent predictors of the CACS. Traditional risk factors accounted only for 10% of interindividual variance in the presence of calcified @entity731 . CONCLUSIONS: Coronary @entity75 are more frequent in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 compared with matched nondiabetic subjects. Our results seem to provide evidence that traditional risk factors do not explain more common, diffuse, and extensive @entity75 in @entity6 subjects.

title: Coronary artery XXXX in @entity164 2 @entity6 : a nested case  -control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calcified lesions']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Many psychotropic drugs may affect plasma lipids profile and their metabolism, with @entity2049 being the best known among them. @entity2727 is a @entity23966 derivative structurally related to @entity889 and acts as a central nervous system stimulant. Its effect on lipid metabolism has not been investigated. The authors evaluated how @entity2727 affects the lipid profile in the plasma of @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity71 ( @entity71 ). All consecutive @entity1 undergoing treatment for @entity71 at the Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic (2003-2007) were enrolled. Blood samples for total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1674 , apolipoprotein A, @entity755 , and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) were collected before starting treatment and after 3 months of continuous treatment. Forty-two @entity1 (22 @entity1 ), median age 16, participated. The median total @entity165 count decreased by 9 mg/dL (P<.0002), LDL-C decreased by 5.0 mg/dL (P<.016), and @entity1674 decreased by 8.0 mg/dL (P<.016). Changes in the levels of HDL-C, apolipoprotein A, and @entity755 were nonsignificant, and Lp(a) levels decreased by 2.0 mg/dL (P<.0007). @entity2727 improves the lipid profile by decreasing total @entity165 , @entity1674 , LDL-C, and Lp(a).

title: XXXX has positive hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects: new data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity23966 :: ('MESH:C032727', 'Chemical') :: ['piperidine']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: The goal of this article was to validate the existence and qualities of a peer-rejected group of @entity1 using latent profile analysis ( @entity4991 ). Two separate racially/ethnically diverse samples (Study 1: N = 2,052 second graders; Study 2: N = 594 fourth and fifth graders) completed peer nominations of liking and disliking, from which we calculated Social Preference and Social Impact scores. These scores served as indicators in the LPAs to form @entity4991 groups. In addition, we collected self-, teacher-, and peer-report report data on @entity146 , @entity308 , peer victimization, and social competence. In each sample, an @entity4991 group emerged in which most @entity1 were classified as rejected using the Coie, Dodge, and Coppotelli ( 1982 ; CDC) approach (Study 1: 95%; Study 2: 86%). However, in both samples, only a minority of @entity1 classified as rejected using the CDC approach fell into this @entity4991 group (Study 1: 46%; Study 2: 36%). The @entity4991 group that mirrored the CDC rejected group received more maladjusted scores than all other @entity4991 groups on @entity146 , @entity308 , peer victimization, and social competence. Furthermore, when compared to @entity1 classified as rejected using only the CDC approach, @entity1 classified as rejected under both the @entity4991 and CDC approaches were more maladjusted in terms of all sociometric and socioemotional variables. @entity4991 analyses across two developmental levels validated the existence of an empirically derived group of @entity1 who overlapped closely with the CDC rejected group. However, this group was considerably smaller and more maladjusted than the CDC rejected group.

title: Use of latent profile analysis to assess the validity of a peer-rejected group of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pattern and risks for intrahepatic recurrence after percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 62 @entity1 with 72 HCCs (< or =4 cm) who were treated with percutaneous RF ablation. The mean follow-up period was 19.1 months (6.0-49.1). We assessed the incidence and cumulative disease-free survival of local @entity5 progression (LTP) and intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR). To analyze the risk factors, we examined the following, for the LTP: (1) @entity5 diameter, (2) contact with vessels, (3) degree of approximation to hepatic hilum, (4) contact with hepatic capsule, (5) presence of ablative safety margin, (6) degree of benign periablational enhancement and (7) serum @entity160 ; for the IDR: (1) severity of @entity99 , (2) presence of HBsAg, (3) serum @entity160 , (4) whether RF ablation was the initial treatment and (5) multiplicity of @entity5 for IDR. RESULTS: The incidence of overall recurrence, LTP and IDR was 62.9%, 26.4% and 53.2%, respectively. The cumulative disease-free survival rates were 52%, 82% and 56% at 1 year, 26%, 63% and 30% at 2 years, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for LTP were: a @entity5 with a diameter >3 cm, contact of @entity157 with a vessel and an insufficient safety margin (p<0.05). A multivariate stepwise Cox hazard model showed that the measurement of a @entity5 diameter >3 cm and insufficient safety margin were independent factors. Only the increased serum @entity160 was a significant risk factor for IDR (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Intrahepatic recurrence after percutaneous RF ablation is common. Large @entity157 (>3 cm) with high serum @entity160 should be treated more aggressively because of higher risk for recurrence.

title: Intrahepatic recurrence after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of XXXX : analysis of the pattern and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the 6-month angiographic results from a prospective single-center study investigating the efficacy and outcome of @entity3446 -eluting stents used for bailout after infrapopliteal revascularization of @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 (21 @entity1 ; mean age 68.7 years) underwent infrapopliteal revascularization with bare metal stents (group B) implanted for bailout in 65 lesions (38 stenoses and 27 occlusions) in 40 infrapopliteal arteries. Another 29 @entity1 (21 @entity1 ; mean age 68.8 years) underwent infrapopliteal bailout stenting with @entity3446 -eluting stents (group S) in 66 lesions (46 stenoses and 20 occlusions) in 41 vessels. Preliminary 6-month angiographic and clinical results were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity407 and symptomatic @entity299 were more pronounced in group S (p<0.05). Technical success was 96.6% (28/29 limbs) in group B versus 100.0% in group S (p=0.16). Six-month primary patency was 68.1% in group B versus 92.0% in group S (p<0.002). Binary in-stent and in-segment restenosis rates were 55.3% and 66.0%, respectively, in @entity1 with bare stents versus 4.0% and 32.0%, respectively, in @entity1 treated with the @entity3446 -eluting stents (both p<0.001). The @entity75 re-intervention rate at 6 months was 17.0% in group B versus 4.0% in group S (p=0.02). Limb salvage was 100% in both groups. Six-month mortality and minor amputation rates were 6.9% and 17.2%, respectively, in group B versus 10.3% and 3.4%, respectively, in group S (p=0.32 and p=0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3446 -eluting stents seem to restrict neointimal @entity1373 in the infrapopliteal vascular bed.

title: @entity3446 -eluting versus bare stents for bailout after suboptimal infrapopliteal angioplasty for XXXX : 6-month angiographic results from a nonrandomized prospective single-center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and carotid diseases']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: Single populations of Meloidogyne arenaria races 1 (MA1) and 2 ( @entity34131 ) and @entity8352 ( @entity8352 ), and mixed populations of MA1 + @entity34131 and MA1 + @entity8352 with four inoculum levels of eggs were tested on peanut cv. 'Florigiant' and M. incognita-resistant @entity286 cv. 'McNair 373' in a greenhouse experiment. Root @entity281 , female development, and reproduction of @entity34131 on peanut and MA1 on resistant @entity286 were limited at 2 and 6 weeks. MA1, @entity8352 , and MA1 + @entity8352 on peanut had similar @entity281 (total parasitic forms per root unit) at both 2 and 6 weeks, and similar female development and reproduction potentials at 6 weeks. @entity34131 tended to depress @entity281 , female development, and reproduction of MA1 on peanut. @entity8352 had little effect on MA1 on this crop. On @entity286 , @entity34131 population had greater incidence of @entity281 than did @entity8352 at 2 weeks. The two @entity2199 species had similar development in roots at 6 weeks. All of these processes were restricted when either @entity34131 or @entity8352 was present together with MA1. As initial inoculum level of parasitically fit populations increased, relative @entity281 ratio on both peanut and @entity286 , and reproduction factor on peanut decreased. Populations that had high @entity281 incidence and reproduction rates induced greater root galling than did other populations. Root galling was suppressed in the presence of antagonistic response between @entity2199 populations.

title: Infection, Reproduction Potential, and Root Galling by Root-knot @entity2199 Species and Concomitant Populations on Peanut and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'root infection']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: The control of @entity19682 levels is essential for DNA synthesis and repair. This control is exerted through regulation of @entity2151 reductase (RNR). One mode of RNR regulation is differential localization of its subunits. In @entity375 , the catalytic subunit hererodimer, @entity19685 / @entity11866 , is localized to the nucleus while its regulatory subunit, @entity19684 , is cytoplasmic. During S phase and in response to DNA damage, @entity19685 - @entity11866 enters the cytoplasm, where it presumably combines with @entity19684 to form an active complex. The mechanism of its nuclear localization is not understood. Here, we report the isolation of the WTM (WD40-containing transcriptional modulator) proteins as regulators of @entity19685 / @entity11866 localization. Overproduction of @entity45644 increased @entity19685 / @entity11866 . Deletion of @entity45645 , a homolog of @entity45644 , leads to the cytoplasmic localization of @entity19685 / @entity11866 , and increased @entity1862 (HU)-resistance in @entity20091 mutants. @entity45645 binds @entity45646 complexes and release them to the cytoplasm in response to DNA damage. Forced localization of @entity45645 to the nucleolus causes @entity19685 / @entity11866 complexes to relocalize to the nucleolus. Thus, @entity45645 acts as a nuclear anchor to maintain nuclear localization of @entity45646 complexes outside of S phase. In the presence of DNA damage this association is disrupted and @entity19685 / @entity11866 become cytoplasmic, where they join with @entity19684 to form an intact complex.

title: Control of XXXX reductase localization through an anchoring mechanism involving @entity45645 .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity19682 :: ('CHEBI:4431', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity2151 :: (CHEBI:26561,Chemical) :: ['ribonucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1109 in @entity1 with @entity15 is frequent and can be associated with interference with daily life activities. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) showed to increase tactile discrimination in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we investigated whether tDCS may be effective in ameliorating tactile sensory deficit in @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 received sham or real anodal tDCS of the somatosensory cortex for 5 consecutive days in a randomized, double blind, sham-controlled study. Discrimination thresholds of spatial tactile sensation were measured using the grating orientation task (GOT). As secondary outcomes we also measured subjective perception of tactile sensory deficit through a visual analog scale (VAS), quality of life and overall disability to evaluate the impact of the treatment on @entity1 daily life. Evaluations were performed at baseline and during a 4-week follow-up period. RESULTS: Following anodal but not sham tDCS over the somatosensory cortex, there was a significant improvement of discriminatory thresholds at the GOT and increased VAS for sensation scores. Quality of life, and disability changes were not observed. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a five day course of anodal tDCS is able to ameliorate tactile sensory loss with long-lasting beneficial effects and could thus represent a therapeutic tool for the treatment of tactile sensory deficit in @entity15 @entity1 .

title: Transcranial direct current stimulation ameliorates tactile sensory deficit in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Deficit of tactile sensation']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Severe abnormalities of @entity972 balance constitute medical emergencies. Symptoms of @entity1371 are vague between 3.5 and 3.0 mEq/liter. Clinical problems can occur with the plasma @entity972 value lower than 2.7 mEq/liter. @entity1371 and digitalis glycosides share electrophysiologic actions. @entity1371 is both synergistic and potentiating for digitalis. In the presence of a normal amount of digitalis, @entity137 may be prompted by coexisting @entity1371 . @entity4144 does not threaten life until plasma @entity972 values are greater than 7.0 mEq/liter. The immediate suspicion and recognition of @entity1371 or @entity4144 in various clinical situations is imperative. Once suspected, confirmation of the diagnosis should follow immediately. Probably the single most useful diagnostic aid is the electrocardiogram, especially in critical situations with @entity4144 . Prompt intravenous infusion of a @entity460 preparation, @entity4388 , @entity413 , and insulin will provide rapid relief from serious @entity4144 . The appropriate administration of these readily available drugs may obviate an otherwise critical situation.

title: XXXX -related cardiac arrhythmias and their treatment.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia', 'Hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia', 'Hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors reduce @entity65 and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity712 or @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). Three large trials have assessed the effect of @entity1289 inhibitors in stable @entity1 without these conditions but with @entity731 . We undertook a systematic review of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE), the European trial on Reduction Of @entity299 with Perindopril among @entity1 with stable @entity453 (EUROPA), and the Prevention of Events with @entity1289 inhibition (PEACE) studies to determine the consistency with which @entity1289 inhibitors reduce total mortality and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. METHODS: We computed cardiovascular outcomes and total mortality in the 29,805 @entity1 of these three trials, randomly assigned an @entity1289 inhibitor or placebo and followed up for a mean of about 4.5 years. The results were also analysed within the context of five large trials of @entity1289 inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity712 or @entity1002 . FINDINGS: When the findings of the HOPE, EUROPA, and PEACE trials were combined, @entity1289 inhibitors significantly reduced all-cause mortality (7.8 vs 8.9%, p=0.0004), @entity65 (4.3 vs 5.2%, p=0.0002), non-fatal @entity583 (5.3 vs 6.4%, p=0.0001), all @entity64 (2.2 vs 2.8%, p=0.0004), @entity712 (2.1 vs 2.7%, p=0.0007), coronary-artery bypass surgery (6.0 vs 6.9%, p=0.0036) but not percutaneous coronary intervention (7.4 vs 7.6%, p=0.481). The composite outcomes of @entity65 , non-fatal @entity583 , or @entity64 occurred in 1599 (10.7%) of the @entity1 allocated @entity1289 inhibitor and in 1910 (12.8%) of those allocated placebo (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CIs 0.76-0.88; p<0.0001). Except for @entity64 and revascularisation, these results were similar to those of the five trials in @entity1 with @entity712 or @entity1002 . INTERPRETATION: @entity1289 inhibitors reduce serious vascular events in @entity1 with @entity731 without known evidence of @entity1002 or @entity712 . Results showing these benefits in intermediate-risk @entity1 complement existing evidence of similar benefit in higher-risk @entity1 with @entity1002 or @entity712 . Therefore, use of @entity1289 inhibitors should be considered in all @entity1 with @entity731 .

title: XXXX inhibitors in stable vascular disease without @entity1002 or @entity712 : a combined analysis of three trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'Angiotensin-converting-enzyme']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary Artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVSD', 'left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin-converting-enzyme']


abstract: @entity859 -induced @entity591 is suggested to be mediated via A(2A) receptors; however, the exact mechanism for this effect remains to be understood. The present study was carried out using @entity23155 , a selective A(2A) @entity859 receptor agonist, to determine the role of the A(2A) receptor subtype in @entity859 -induced @entity591 . @entity23155 (0.3-50 microg/kg) given as a rapid i.v. bolus to awake @entity35 caused a dose-dependent increase in @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased at lower doses, whereas at higher doses, there was a decrease in MAP. The increase in @entity299 was evident at the lowest dose (0.3 microg/kg) of @entity23155 at which there was no appreciable decrease in MAP. Pretreatment with 30 microg/kg @entity42123 [ @entity42123 ], an A(2A) receptor antagonist, attenuated the decrease in MAP and the increase in @entity299 caused by @entity23155 . Pretreatment with @entity1406 (1 mg/kg), a beta-blocker, attenuated the increase in @entity299 but had no effect on the @entity551 caused by @entity23155 . In the presence of @entity4033 (10 mg/kg), a ganglionic blocker, the @entity591 was completely prevented even though MAP was further reduced. @entity23155 treatment (10 microg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased plasma @entity1063 levels almost 2-fold above baseline. The dissociation of @entity299 and MAP effects by dose, time, and pharmacological interventions provides evidence that @entity591 caused by @entity23155 is independent of the decrease in MAP and may not entirely be baroreflex-mediated, suggesting that @entity23155 may cause a direct stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system via activation of A(2A) @entity859 receptors.

title: @entity591 caused by A2A XXXX receptor agonists is mediated by direct sympathoexcitation in awake @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity23155 :: ('MESH:C430916', 'Chemical') :: ['Regadenoson', 'regadenoson']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Crude myocardial sarcolemmal membrane fractions were prepared from @entity35 hearts subjected to total global @entity63 with and without normoxic reperfusion, or global anoxic (N2) perfusion with and without normoxic reperfusion. The direct effects on beta-adrenoceptor number, G-protein levels and stimulation of the adenylate cyclase (AC) complex were assessed. In terms of AC activation, @entity63 led to a marked increase (4-fold) in sensitivity to @entity4183 (beta2-agonist) and @entity4621 ( @entity4514 = @entity865 ) stimulation, whereas the @entity452 (beta1) responsiveness and Gpp(NH)p activation through G(s)alpha/G(i2)alpha remained unaltered. However, @entity1928 -elicited holoenzyme activity fell markedly during normoxic reperfusion. @entity63 did not change the @entity10343 number, while beta2-receptor population increased by approximately 45%. Western blots of myocardial G(s)A and G(i2)alpha contents revealed that @entity63 selectively diminished G(i2)alpha levels only by some 50-70%. Contrastingly, @entity519 selectively increased the AC sensitivity (2-fold) to beta1-adrenergic stimulation. As subsequent to @entity63 , @entity519 also increased the sensitivity to @entity865 stimulation, however, only 2-fold. Gpp(NH)p activation was unchanged, while @entity1928 -enhanced activity gradually declined, also during ensuing normoxic reperfusion. @entity519 brought about a 75% enhancement in beta1-receptor number, while beta2-receptors remained unaffected. However, altered receptor number normalized on termination of normoxic reperfusion. Finally, @entity519 led to a 50-60% decimation of myocardial G(i2)alpha levels, while G(s)alpha was only marginally reduced. Despite the fact that the @entity63 and @entity519 effectuated a similar deterioration of physiological heart parameters, myocardial contents of energy rich @entity1391 moieties and loss of G(i2)alpha, @entity63 rendered the most profound increase in responsiveness of the sarcolemmal AC system.

title: Enhanced responsiveness of the myocardial beta-adrenoceptor-adenylate cyclase system in the perfused XXXX heart (I).

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'Anoxia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: It is difficult to induce ovulation in @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) resistant to @entity4082 (CC) because of the narrow safety margin of @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin preparations. In the present study, @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity3610 according to the Japanese diagnostic criteria were divided into two groups (Groups H and N). @entity251 level was used as a cut-off value between Groups H and N to examine the usefulness of @entity43 ( @entity43 ) to induce ovulation. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity3610 resistant to CC who underwent @entity43 were evaluated. The @entity1 were divided into a high and a normal @entity342 group (Groups H and N with 19 and 13 @entity1 , respectively) based on the level of @entity251 measured 1 week before surgery using a cut-off value of 50 ng/dL. @entity43 was performed with microlaparoscopy under intravenous anesthesia. RESULTS: After @entity43 , spontaneous ovulation occurred in 16 (84.2%) and nine (69.2%) @entity1 in Groups H and N, respectively. Additional treatment with CC was given to 12 (63.2%) and 11 (84.6%) @entity1 , respectively. No significant difference was noted with regard to the spontaneous ovulation rate after @entity43 . Eighteen pregnancies were established in 17 @entity1 (53.1%). The pregnancy rate after @entity43 was not significantly different between Groups H and N: 42.1% (8 @entity1 ) and 76.9% (10 @entity1 ), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity3610 as diagnosed based on the Japanese diagnostic criteria include those with increased and normal @entity342 levels. @entity43 is considered an effective ovulation induction method for both types of @entity1 with @entity3610 .

title: Efficacy of @entity43 for @entity3610 resistant to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic ovarian drilling', 'LOD']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity4082 :: (MESH:D002996,Chemical) :: ['clomiphene citrate']


abstract: Although aberrant integrin expression has been documented in many @entity5 , little is known about how integrins influence neoplastic progression. To examine this issue, @entity19 in which the alpha2beta1 or alpha3beta1 integrin was expressed in the suprabasal epidermal layers via the involucrin promoter were subjected to @entity105 . Equal numbers of @entity1185 were observed in transgenic and wild-type animals. However, the frequency of conversion of @entity1185 to @entity957 was much lower in alpha3beta1 transgenic than in alpha2beta1 transgenic and wild-type @entity19 . No differences were observed in apoptosis or in the expression of endogenous integrins in transgenic and wild-type @entity1185 . However, alpha3beta1 @entity1185 displayed a diminished proliferative capacity and were more highly differentiated as judged by BrdUrd incorporation and @entity31326 expression, respectively, than alpha2beta1 transgenic and wild-type @entity1185 . Two proteins that associate with alpha3beta1 and not alpha2beta1 are extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and @entity3533 . Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer expression correlated inversely with the degree of differentiation in normal epidermis and in transgenic and wild-type @entity1185 . Up-regulation of @entity3533 was observed in 100% of wild-type and 88% of alpha2beta1 @entity1185 but in only 25% of alpha3beta1 @entity1185 . @entity3533 was undetectable in untreated epidermis and strongly expressed in all transgenic and wild-type @entity957 . Our results demonstrate that the alpha3beta1 integrin can suppress malignant conversion, and that the mechanism may involve @entity3533 .

title: Influence of beta1 integrins on XXXX formation in a transgenic @entity19 model: alpha3beta1, but not alpha2beta1, suppresses malignant conversion.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'transgenic papillomas', 'benign squamous papillomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['malignant squamous cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['epidermal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct a transgene expressing @entity1 endomorphin-2 by linking the signal peptide of @entity19 nerve growth factor (PN) to a @entity1 endomorphin-2 DNA sequence containing a short linker recognized by the protease @entity13379 and test the analgesic effect of endomorphin-2 on @entity9 . METHODS: The transgene was inserted into the cosmid pAxCAwt to generate PN-EM-2-pAxCAwt. The recombinant adenovirus Ad-PNEM2 was packaged and propagated in HEK293 cells. After the Ad-PNEM2-infected NIH3T3 cells had been cultured, protein expression was examined by immunofluorescence and ELISA. A CCI @entity35 model was constructed and the Ad-PNEM2 was administered intrathecally. The @entity35 ' @entity158 thresholds (PWL) were measured and the presence of endomorphin-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid was confirmed through ELISA. RESULTS: The Ad-PNEM2 expressed endomorphin-2 smoothly and abundantly in NIH3T3 cells at a significantly higher rate than the viral control (P<0.01) or blank control (P<0.01). The expressed endomorphin-2 was mainly observed in the cytoplasm. The concentration of @entity44063 in the cerebrospinal fluid increased 1 day after injection and peaked between 7 and 14 days after injection. After injection, PWL approached normal levels in the operated study group. No significant change was observed in the control groups. There was a significant correlation between PWL and endomorphin-2 level (r = 0.944, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The constructed @entity1 endomorphin-2 transgene was expressed effectively, and endomorphin-2 expressed by the recombinant adenovirus altered the threshold to thermal stimulus and showed good analgesic effect.

title: Effect of recombinant adenovirus coding for endomorphin-2 on @entity9 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity44063 :: ('MESH:C105294', 'Chemical') :: ['endomorphin-2']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of the structured treatment and teaching programme for @entity1 with @entity565 ( @entity48217 ) at D  sseldorf University. We investigated whether the monetary benefits outweighed the costs of the intervention. Adult @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity565 participated in a 5 day in- @entity1 programme. Follow-up was 3 yrs. The incremental costs and benefits of the intervention, compared with standard treatment, were calculated. Costs were incurred by the hospitalization and by lost productivity. Compared to the year before the programme, (average reduction) days spent in hospital (5.2 days per @entity1 per year), days of absence from work (18.4 days per @entity1 per year), acute severe @entity565 attacks (3.8 attacks per @entity1 per year), and physician consultations (2.3 visits per @entity1 per month), decreased in the 3 yrs after the intervention. The programme produced net benefits of @entity3918 12,850 (in 1991 German marks) per @entity1 within 3 yrs. Within the health care sector, the net benefits were @entity3918 5,900. Within 3 yrs, the paying bodies saved @entity3918 2.70, and society as a whole saved @entity3918 5 on each @entity3918 spent for the programme. We conclude that the intervention produced net monetary benefits. This result was stable over a wide range of variation of the outcome measures. Therefore, programme deserves implementation, not only for its demonstrated medical benefits but also for its economic savings.

title: Cost-effectiveness of a structured treatment and teaching programme on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']