abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of @entity288 in @entity16206 -resistant chronic @entity110 (CU) is widely accepted although large studies on their use in this disease are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the proportion of patients with @entity16206 -resistant CU that respond to a course of @entity288 . METHODS: We studied 750 adult @entity1 with CU and prescribed a course of oral @entity288 (starting with @entity229 25 mg/day for 3 days) to those who reported little or partial response to @entity16206 treatment. The @entity228 treatment was considered effective if it resulted in long-term control of the disease with antihistamines only. @entity1 showing a temporary response were offered a second course of @entity229 , at the end of which temporary responders and nonresponders were offered @entity205 therapy for 3 months. RESULTS: A total of 660 @entity1 (88%) (male/female, 194/556) responded to @entity16206 treatment. In 40/86 @entity1 (47%), @entity229 induced @entity66 and subsequent control with antihistamines at licensed doses only. Thirty-five @entity1 responded well but relapsed when @entity229 doses were tapered or shortly after withdrawal. In all responders, the effect was appreciable as early as the day after the first 25 mg dose. In 8/23 temporary responders, a second course of @entity229 induced @entity66 ; the other 15 @entity1 responded well but only temporarily. CONCLUSIONS: A single short course of @entity229 induced remission in nearly 50% of @entity1 with CU, and a second course induced remission in a further 9%. Less than 15% of @entity1 did not respond at all to this treatment.

title: Usefulness of a short course of oral @entity229 in @entity16206 -resistant chronic XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['remission of the disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) continue to be utilized at an alarming rate despite having a higher rate of complications when compared to fistulas and grafts. One of the primary complications of @entity1212 involves @entity409 resulting in reduced blood flow and poor dialysis adequacy, often requiring catheter removal in addition to thrombolytic therapy. Our objective was to compare the use of locking solutions containing heparin versus all other locking solutions for primary prevention of @entity409 . METHODS: We searched Medline for English language literature from 1980 through December 2013, along with national conference proceedings and reference lists of all included publications to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were a measure of incidence of @entity409 , catheter exchange or use of thrombolytic therapy. Studies were excluded if they were not in English or if they included pediatric @entity1 . Random effects models were used to derive the pooled risk ratios. RESULTS: Thirteen studies with a total of 1,883 subjects met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in catheter patency in those receiving heparin versus those treated with other lock solutions (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-1.48, p = 0.96). Catheter patency did not differ between treatments in experimental studies (n = 10; IRR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.56-1.39, p = 0.60) or observational design (n = 3; IRR = 1.64; 95% CI 0.40-6.85, p = 0.50). Significant heterogeneity was detected across studies (I2 = 84.4%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is no substantial difference between heparin lock solutions versus all other types of catheter lock solutions for @entity409 . Whether there are significant benefits of @entity1792 or other novel lock solutions requires further robust studies. These findings have significant implications for future design of clinical trials in @entity1212 and the delivery of dialysis-related services.

title: Hemodialysis catheter locking solutions and the prevention of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['Tunneled dialysis catheters', 'TDCs']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['catheter dysfunction', 'TDC dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['catheter dysfunction']


abstract: Incidences of @entity1800 in Mainland China are collected by the Ministry of Health, the @entity1 's Republic of China. The number of confirmed cases and the timing of these outbreaks from May 13 to July 22, 2009 were obtained and subjected to a novel mathematical model to simulate the @entity281 profile (time vs number). The model was predicated upon the grey prediction theory which allows assignment of future trends using limited numbers of data points. During the period of our analysis, the number of confirmed H1N1 cases in Mainland China increased from 1 to 1772. The efficiency of our model to simulate these data points was evaluated using Sum of squares of error (SSE), @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ), Mean absolute deviation (MAD) and Average relative error (ARE). Results from these analyses were compared to similar calculations based upon the grey prediction algorithm. Using our equation, defined herein as equation D-R, results showed that SSE=6742.00, @entity2246 =10.69, MAD=7.07, ARE=2.47% were all consistent with the D-R algorithm performing well in the estimation of future trends of H1N1 cases in Mainland China. Calculations using the grey theory had no predictive value [ARE for GM(1,1)=-104.63%]. To validate this algorithm, we performed a second analysis using new data obtained from cases reported to the WHO and CDC in the US between April 26 and June 8, 2009. In like manner, the model was equally predictive. The success of the D-R mathematical model suggests that it may have broader application to other @entity1800 among the @entity1 population in China and may be modified for application to other regions of the world.

title: A novel algorithm to define XXXX tendencies in H1N1 cases in Mainland China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'People']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['H1N1 viral infections', 'viral infections']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['Relative standard error', 'RSE']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: The morphologic features of fulminant @entity1960 may be nonspecific, making differentiation between @entity31 and @entity30 difficult, even after colectomy. The aims of this study were 1) to identify histologic features that accurately differentiated @entity31 , @entity30 , and indeterminate @entity1960 in fulminant colectomy specimens; 2) to determine how frequently subsequent clinical course altered the pathologic diagnosis; and 3) to evaluate the natural history of histologically diagnosed indeterminate @entity1960 . METHODS: Ninety-five fulminant colectomy specimens were evaluated, of which 85 had an original diagnosis of fulminant @entity29 . Complete pathologic material and comprehensive clinical follow-up information was available on 67 cases of @entity29 . These were re-evaluated in a blinded fashion, and histopathologic features were compared with the original diagnosis and reviewed in the light of subsequent clinical behavior to reach a final diagnosis. RESULTS: Evaluation of macroscopic features was not helpful in differentiating @entity31 from @entity30 . Microscopic examination correctly diagnosed @entity31 or @entity30 in only 58 of 67 (87 percent) cases. A further three cases (4 percent) were definitively classified after correlation with clinical data, leaving a residual six cases that were diagnosed as indeterminate @entity1960 . @entity738 and @entity706 were the two most specific indicators of @entity30 . CONCLUSIONS: Histopathologic evaluation alone has limitations in the accurate classification of fulminant @entity29 . Histologically diagnosed indeterminate @entity1960 is a heterogeneous group that may include some @entity1 who subsequently prove to have @entity31 or @entity30 .

title: Fulminant @entity1960 in XXXX : detailed pathologic and clinical analysis.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid aggregates']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Prognosis of @entity1 post- @entity583 depends largely on the degree of @entity1002 , which results from loss of contractile tissue and remodeling of infarcted and surviving myocardium. This remodeling process may result in chronically progressive dysfunction and ultimately in @entity712 . Next to mechanical determinants humoral control of @entity1184 , dilatation and qualitative changes of surviving myocardium are discussed. A major determinant of the extent of remodeling is @entity1188 size. Efficacy of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors on @entity1188 size was tested in animal experiments with conflicting results. Recent clinical studies also report beneficial (GISSI-3 and ISIS-4) or no (CONSENSUS II) effects on survival post- @entity583 when @entity1289 -inhibitors were used in the acute phase. Up to date it remains unsettled which @entity1 may benefit from acute therapy with @entity1289 -inhibitors. Three days after @entity583 hemodynamically stable @entity1 with @entity712 may be treated with @entity1289 -inhibitors (AIRE study). Prognosis may be improved and manifestation of @entity712 prevented or delayed also in @entity1 without @entity712 treated in this phase of @entity583 with @entity1289 -inhibitors (SAVE study). Prevention of @entity712 may also be observed in @entity1 treated later (at least 4 weeks) after @entity583 (SOLVD prevention arm). It is essential for this indication that @entity1 are carefully selected for treatment depending on left ventricular function. Duration of treatment in @entity1 with severe @entity1002 probably has to be lifelong, the doses of @entity1289 -inhibitors used have to be relatively high (e.g. 3 x 50 mg @entity3371 or 2 x 10 mg @entity4688 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Indications for XXXX inhibitors in the postinfarct period].

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to examine the psychometric properties of the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) originally developed by Newton et al. (1999); as there are no data concerning the factorial structure of the FPI, a special focus is placed on construct validity through factor analysis. SETTING: public hospital in Athens, Greece. DESIGN: a cross-sectional study. @entity1 : 108 @entity1 undergoing fertility treatment with in-vitro fertilisation. METHODS: the FPI was 'forward-backward' translated from English to Greek. The translated instrument was then administered to a set of infertile @entity1 for pilot testing. @entity2270 factoring with promax rotation was used to test the factor structure of the FPI. Measures of @entity148 State Trait @entity148 Inventory, @entity308 (Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale) and mood states Profile of Mood States were used to assess the convergent validity of the FPI. Cronbach's a was used to measure internal consistency of the FPI scales. FINDINGS: exploratory factor analysis suggested four factors. The majority of relationship and sexual concern items grouped into one solid factor, named 'spousal concern'. The original scales of social concern, need for parenthood and rejection of childfree lifestyle were reproduced after rearranging nine cross-loading items. Construct validity was confirmed by computing correlations between the derived FPI scales and conceptually similar constructions of @entity148 , @entity308 and mood states. Internal consistency reliability was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: the FPI was found to have a relatively stable factor structure and satisfactory reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. The FPI may enable researchers and clinicians to apply a reliable measure that focuses on various/many dimensions of infertility-related stress.

title: Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Fertility Problem Inventory in a sample of infertile XXXX undergoing fertility treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['Principal axis']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Rational development of novel therapeutic strategies for @entity988 requires understanding of its underlying neurobiology and pathophysiology. Obtaining this knowledge largely relies on animal studies. Thus, choosing the appropriate animal model is one of the most critical steps in pre-clinical medication development. Among the range of animal models that have been used to investigate excessive @entity167 consumption in rodents, the postdependent model stands out. It was specifically developed to test the role of negative affect as a key driving force in a perpetuating addiction cycle for @entity988 . Here, we will describe our approach to make @entity35 dependent via chronic intermittent exposure to @entity167 , discuss the validity of this model, and compare it with other commonly used animal models of @entity988 . We will summarize evidence that postdependent @entity35 fulfill several criteria of a 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV/V-like' diagnostic system. Importantly, these animals show long-lasting excessive consumption of and increased motivation for @entity167 , and evidence for loss of control over @entity167 intake. Our conclusion that postdependent @entity35 are an excellent model for medication development for @entity988 is underscored by a summary of more than two dozen pharmacological tests aimed at reversing these abnormal @entity167 responses. We will end with open questions on the use of this model. In the tradition of the Sanchis-Segura and Spanagel review, we provide comic strips that illustrate the postdependent procedure and relevant phenotypes in this review.

title: Postdependent state in @entity35 as a model for medication development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: Alterations in the activities of some enzymes in a freshwater catfish, @entity6528 , have been examined in liver, kidney, intestine, ovary, gills, and muscles after exposure to 0.26 mg/liter of @entity3409 for 15, 30, and 60 days. The fish were @entity1602 and hyperlactemic after 15 and 30 days of exposure. The liver and muscle glycogen content was depleted in the first two periods of exposure. In contrast, 60 days of @entity3409 treatment increased the glycogen content of the two tissues. Liver @entity880 level was elevated after 15 days. Muscle @entity880 content fell significantly after 15 and 60 days of exposure, but it was elevated after 30 days. Acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in liver, ovary, and gills but the enzyme activity increased in kidney and intestine. The activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased in liver, kidney, and intestine but elevation was recorded in ovary and muscles. In all three exposure periods, hexokinase activity of kidney and ovary was inhibited but the enzyme activity increased in intestine. Hexokinase showed elevation in liver, gills, and muscle after 15 and 30 days of exposure and inhibition after 60 days of exposure. The activity of @entity3624 oxidase decreased in liver and muscles and elevated in the rest of the tissues. @entity2227 dehydrogenase fell significantly in intestine, ovary, and gills. In liver, kidney, and muscles the enzyme activity was elevated. Liver, intestine, gills, and muscles showed elevation in @entity535 oxidase activity. However, the enzyme activity was inhibited in kidney and in ovary.

title: In vivo effects of @entity3409 on some enzyme activities in tissues of the freshwater catfish, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity6528 :: ('93621', 'Species') :: ['Heteropneustes fossilis']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoacid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

answer: @entity6528 :: (93621,Species) :: ['Heteropneustes fossilis']


abstract: It is commonly accepted that the endocochlear DC potential (EP) of the cochlea is generated by electrogenic transport of @entity972 ion into the scala media from the marginal cells of the stria vascularis. In recent years, many models of the marginal cell have been developed in which the EP is generated by an electrogenic ion transport system localized in either the basal or apical membranes of the marginal cell. On the other hand, Salt et al. reported that EP cannot be generated by the marginal cells alone but, rather, may involve passive @entity972 movement across the apical membranes of basal cells. In this study, the effect of @entity7976 , a @entity972 channel opener, on EP and @entity18129 ( @entity18129 ) were investigated by perfusion through the perilymphatic space of the @entity840 from the scala tympani to the scala vestibuli with an artificial perilymph. The results of several concentrations were examined. Characteristic of @entity7976 , a vasodilatory agent, is an increase in membrane @entity972 conductance due to the opening of plasmalemma @entity855 -regulated K+ channels in cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle. This effect results from the membrane hyperpolarization and consequent reduced opening probability of voltage-dependent @entity141 channels. When the perilymphatic space was perfused with a solution containing 1 x 10(-4) M @entity7976 , the EP level decreased from 74.8 +/- 2.4mV to +50.0 +/- 12.8mV and the @entity18129 amplitude fell to 78.6% of the control. At a concentration of 5 x 10(-4) M, EP decreased from 77.8 +/- 4.1mV to 47.0 +/- 7.6mV and @entity18129 amplitude fell to 16.7%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effect of XXXX channel opener, @entity7976 , on cochlear electrical potentials in the @entity840 ].

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicorandil']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cochlear microphonics']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: We studied the effect of @entity35 brain extract on @entity35 muscle cells in vitro by light and electron microscope (EM) autoradiography after labeling @entity934 receptors ( @entity9176 's) with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin. We found that: (a) In the absence of brain extract, peak site densities within @entity9176 clusters usually do not exceed 4,000 sites/micrometer2. (b) Within hours after exposure to brain extract, @entity9176 's redistribute to form clusters in which the peak site densities are greater than 10,000 sites/micrometer2. Receptor concentration within extract-induced clusters is thus within a factor of 2 of that at the neuromuscular junction (nmj). (c) In the absence of extract, the @entity9176 's and @entity9176 clusters are predominantly on the bottom surface of the myotubes (facing the tissue culture dish). After extract treatment, they are predominantly at the top surface. (d) Plasma membrane in regions of high-density @entity9176 clusters is enriched in membrane with enhanced electron density and surface basal lamina whether or not cells are treated with extract. Extract causes an increase in both these specializations on the top surface of the myotubes. (e) Brain extract does not produce an overall increase in @entity9176 site density or a marked change in degradation rate of receptors in either clustered or nonclustered regions. By producing @entity9176 clusters with junctional site densities and enhanced surface specialization, and by causing an overall shift in @entity9176 's distribution, brain extract mimics early events reported at developing neuromuscular junctions.

title: Brain extract causes XXXX receptor redistribution which mimics some early events at developing neuromuscular junctions.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that the expression of some @entity1 HOX genes can be induced by @entity1968 (RA) in cultured @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cells. However, the mechanisms for the regulation of HOX gene expression by RA are still unclear. We have examined the effects of RA on the @entity1 @entity18429 (formerly named @entity18429 ) gene expression in cultured @entity189 cells (NT2/D1). Furthermore, we have cloned and characterized the @entity1 @entity18429 promoter and analyzed the activities of the promoter in response to RA. Our results demonstrate that transcription of @entity1 @entity18429 is activated by RA in cultured @entity189 cells. This activation is dose and time responsive. The @entity18429 promoter was shown to be TATA-box independent and able to promote transcription in RA-treated @entity189 cells. DNase-I footprinting studies revealed protection of several GAGA factor binding sites and an @entity2451 site upstream to the transcription start site by nuclear extracts prepared from @entity189 cells. A downstream sequence was differentially protected by the nuclear extract from RA treated cells. This differential binding of the sequence with the nuclear extract was further confirmed by gel shift assays. This sequence confers to a heterologous promoter with the ability to respond to RA induction. Point mutation within this DNA fragment abolished the binding of the fragment to the nuclear extract and the response of this element in a heterologous promoter to RA induction. Deletion of this enhancer element together with the adjacent @entity2451 and GAGA sites abolished the ability of the promoter to direct transcription in RA-treated @entity189 cells. However, removal of a downstream DNA fragment from the promoter endowed the promoter with the ability to direct transcription in RA-untreated cells. Taken together, both positive and negative regulatory cis-elements are involved in the regulation of the @entity18429 promoter and coordinate to control the gene expression.

title: Characterization of the @entity1 @entity18429 promoter and an enhancer responsible for XXXX induction.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: The @entity3392 system is an excellent vertebrate genetic model to study hemostasis and @entity715 because saturation mutagenesis screens can identify novel genes that play a role in this vital physiologic pathway. To study hemostatic mutations, it is important to understand the physiology of @entity3392 hemostasis and @entity715 . Previously, we identified @entity3392 thrombocytes and have shown that they participate in arterial @entity715 formation. Here, we recognized 2 populations of thrombocytes distinguishable by @entity9717 ( @entity18516 ) staining. @entity18516 + thrombocytes have a high density of adhesive receptors and are functionally more active than @entity18516 - thrombocytes. We classified @entity18516 + thrombocytes as young and @entity18516 - thrombocytes as mature thrombocytes. We found young and mature thrombocytes each formed independent clusters and that young thrombocytes clustered first. We have also shown that young thrombocytes initiate arterial @entity715 formation. We propose that due to the increased adhesive receptor density on young thrombocytes, they adhere first to the subendothelial matrix, get activated rapidly, release agonists, and recruit more young thrombocytes, which further release more agonists. This increase in agonists activates the less active mature thrombocytes, drawing them to the growing @entity715 . Since arterial @entity715 formation is a fundamental hemostatic event, this mechanism may be conserved in mammals and may open new avenues for prevention of arterial @entity715 .

title: Young thrombocytes initiate the formation of arterial thrombi in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Acute @entity4391 without @entity3885 in a previously healthy colon. Our study is of 13 @entity1 , all of whom presented a pre-existing extradigestive disorder, for which 12 were taking medication. Nine @entity1 were treated by mechanical ventilation, and five of these had previously presented meteorism. Colic dilatation was maximal in the cecum, the diameter of which measured 9 to 14.5 cm. Two @entity1 were treated by decompression colonoscopy, which completely cured meteorism in one case. Two @entity1 treated by digestive aspiration died due to extra-abdominal causes. Operations were carried out on 6 @entity1 : once for @entity298 due to cecal perforation five times for deterioration of meteorism. Five @entity1 died due to @entity260 . These observations show that the diameter of the cecum should be monitored daily. When it exceeds 9 cm, decompression colonoscopy must be performed. Surgery should only be envisaged when there are setbacks, due to the seriousness of the operation and the possibility of @entity260 .

title: [Syndrome of acute XXXX ( @entity4391 ). Study of 13 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4391 :: ('MESH:D003112', 'Disease') :: ['pseudo-obstruction of the colon involves acute colic distension']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical obstruction or stercoroma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity4391 :: (MESH:D003112,Disease) :: ['colonic pseudo-obstruction']


abstract: We describe the case of an adolescent who was admitted to the hospital because of sudden occurrence of @entity662 , @entity1353 and @entity9285 . On admission, physical examination revealed subcutaneous crepitations in the superior part of the rib cage, and auscultation of the chest showed widespread wheezing. The radiological assessment confirmed the diagnosis of @entity14303 and pneumothorax. A follow-up CT scan performed one week after the admission showed almost complete resolution of the radiological alterations. At the following visits, the @entity1 was asymptomatic, but reported to have suffered from frequent episodes of rhinorrea, sneezing, nasal blockage, and sometimes, chest @entity3431 , especially during exposure to pets and/or windy weather. Skin prick testing showed sensitivities to @entity7130 and farinae, grass pollen and @entity235 dander. Spirometry documented significant improvement in lung function after short-acting bronchodilator, allowing for the diagnosis of @entity565 to be made. Although @entity14303 may be a complication of various @entity1576 , including @entity565 , it has never been reported as the first presentation of underlying @entity565 . Herein, the physiopathological mechanisms, the diagnostic procedures and treatment of @entity14303 in @entity565 are discussed. We suggest that the diagnosis of @entity565 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity14303 in adolescence.

title: A 15-year-old XXXX with anterior @entity662 , progressive @entity1353 , and @entity9285 of the neck.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity3431 :: ('MESH:C536920', 'Disease') :: ['tightness']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity14303 :: ('MESH:D008478', 'Disease') :: ['pneumomediastinum']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is a chronic @entity272 . In small studies, @entity29 ( @entity29 ) has been associated with increased prevalence of @entity1751 , but data on the concurrence of @entity29 in @entity1 with @entity1751 is limited. We therefore investigated the prevalence and risk of @entity29 in @entity1 with @entity1751 compared with the general population. The study linked all Danish individuals >= 18 years in nationwide registers. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by logistic regression and @entity797 regression, respectively. The study comprised 7,732 @entity1 with @entity1751 , and 4,354,137 subjects from the general population. The prevalence ( @entity1751 vs. general population) was 0.8% and 0.3% (OR 2.04; 1.59-2.62) for @entity1050 and 1.3% and 0.7% (OR 1.75; 1.44-2.13) for UC. The risk of new-onset @entity1050 (HR 2.19; 1.44-3.34) and UC (HR 1.63; 1.18-2.27) was significantly increased among @entity1 with @entity1751 . In conclusion, @entity1751 was significantly associated with presence and risk of new-onset @entity29 , although the prevalence remained low. @entity344 in @entity1 with @entity1751 should warrant further clinical examination.

title: Prevalence and risk of XXXX in @entity1 with hidradenitis suppurativa.

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory skin disease']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are generally acknowledged as a safer alternative to the use of combusted @entity286 products. Nevertheless, there are increasing conflicting claims concerning the effect of these novel industrial products on the health of e-cigarettes users. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the liquids of e-cigarettes on @entity1 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and to compare the effects of @entity1239 -containing fluid to the fluid itself. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HGFs were treated with different concentrations (0-5  mg/mL) of fluids of e-cigarettes for different times (0-72  h) and @entity137 was analyzed by @entity98 assay. Fluids were administered also after being vaped (e.g., warmed into the cartomizer). Apoptosis occurrence and @entity589 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry; ROS production was analyzed by fluorescence optical microscopy. RESULTS: Both @entity1239 -containing and @entity1239 -free fluids induced an increased ROS production after 24  h, along with an increased @entity589 expression, followed by apoptosis occurrence after 48  h of exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity137 exerted on HGFs by e-cigarettes fluids is not entirely ascribable to @entity1239 . Since the e-cigarettes are advertised as a safer alternative to traditional ones, especially for the possibility of "smoking" @entity1239 -free fluids, further studies are necessary to clarify the mechanism involved in the occurrence of @entity137 exerted by such compounds. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results suggest a role for e-cigarette fluids in the pathogenesis of @entity66 , such as @entity2521 .

title: XXXX and apoptosis induction by e-cigarette fluids in @entity1 gingival fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral diseases']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: Health care costs continue to rise, and hospitalization represents the single largest component of direct medical costs associated with @entity5 care. @entity1398 and its complications including @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) remain the major dose-limiting @entity137 of systemic @entity5 chemotherapy. The risk of @entity1398 varies considerably across treatment regimens but appears to be significantly higher among elderly @entity1 . The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have been used effectively in a variety of clinical settings to prevent or treat @entity1398 and to assist @entity1 receiving dose-intensive chemotherapy with or without stem cell support. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of the prophylactic use of CSFs. A recently presented meta-analysis of the available RCTs has confirmed the efficacy of prophylactic CSFs. The cost of these agents, along with their large-scale clinical use, has prompted a number of economic investigations. Economic models based on measures of resource utilization derived from RCTs have provided @entity1398 risk threshold estimates for the cost-saving use of prophylactic CSF. A number of important studies concerning the clinical and economic impact of these agents in elderly @entity5 @entity1 have been reported during the past year. Continuing clinical and economic evaluation along with an updating of clinical practice guidelines especially related to elderly @entity1 is recommended because of rapid technologic and clinical advances.

title: Cost-benefit analysis of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the management of elderly XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'FN', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Although a single binary functional complex between cytochrome P450 (P450 or @entity13323 for a specific isoform) and @entity13324 ( @entity13324 ) has been generally accepted in the literature, this simple model failed to explain the experimentally observed catalytic activity of recombinant @entity5321 in dependence on the total concentration of the added @entity13324 - @entity13325 mutant. Our rejection of the simplest 1:1 binding model was based on two independent lines of experimental evidence. First, under the assumption of the 1:1 binding model, separate analyses of titration curves obtained while varying either P450 or @entity13324 concentrations individually produced contradictory results. Second, an asymmetric Job plot suggested the existence of higher order molecular complexes. To identify the most probable complexation mechanism, we generated a comprehensive data set where the concentrations of both P450 and P450 were varied simultaneously, rather than one at a time. The resulting two-dimensional data were globally fit to 32 candidate mechanistic models, involving the formation of binary, ternary, and quaternary P450. @entity13324 complexes, in the absence or presence or P450 and @entity13324 homodimers. Of the 32 candidate models (mechanisms), two models were approximately equally successful in explaining our experimental data. The first plausible model involves the binary complex P450. @entity13324 , the quaternary complex (P450)2.( @entity13324 )2, and the homodimer (P450)2. The second plausible model additionally involves a weakly bound ternary complex (P450)2. @entity13324 . Importantly, only the binary complex P450. @entity13324 seems catalytically active in either of the two most probable mechanisms.

title: Global analysis of protein-protein interactions reveals multiple XXXX -reductase complexes.

entities_list: @entity13324 :: ('5447', 'Gene') :: ['CPR', 'cytochrome P450 reductase']

entities_list: @entity13325 :: ('p|SUB|K|56|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K56Q']

answer: @entity5321 :: (1571,Gene) :: ['CYP2E1']


abstract: We have reported previously that simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SST-CPR) using a device that compresses the sternum and constricts the thorax circumferentially during a compression systole that can be achieved using standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (STD-CPR). This study was designed to assess whether SST-CPR improves the survival rate of @entity235 with @entity1167 compared with STD-CPR. Twenty-nine mongrel @entity235 (19-31 kg) were enrolled in this study. After 4 min of @entity2224 induced by an AC current, animals were randomized to be resuscitated by either STD-CPR (n=15) or SST-CPR (n=14). Defibrillation was attempted 10 min after the induction of @entity1167 . Standard advanced cardiac life support was started if defibrillation was unsuccessful. Aortic blood pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, and end tidal @entity3158 tension were measured during CPR and the post-resuscitation period. Survival was determined 12 h after the induction of @entity1167 . SST-CPR resulted in a significantly (P<0.001) higher systolic arterial pressure (91+/-47 vs 47+/-24 mmHg), diastolic pressure (43+/-24 vs 17+/-10 mmHg), coronary perfusion pressure (35+/-25 vs 13+/-9 mmHg), and end tidal @entity3158 tension (9+/-4 vs 3+/-2 mmHg). Two of 15 animals (13%) resuscitated by STD-CPR and seven of 14 animals (50%) resuscitated by SST-CPR survived for 12 h after @entity1167 (P<0.05). In conclusion, SST-CPR improves the short-term survival rate in @entity235 @entity1167 compared with STD-CPR.

title: Simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves short-term survival rate in XXXX cardiac arrests.

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditionally, blunt traumatic @entity1755 (BTAR) is thought to be a high-velocity injury. It was hypothesised that BTAR has a higher than suspected incidence in low-speed accidents, with unique kinematic and demographic risk factors. METHODS: Using the UK Cooperative Crash Injury Study (CCIS) framework, impact profiling was undertaken for accidents involving BTAR. Equivalence Test Speed (ETS) was the parameter used to compare crash severity within comparable impact configurations, as it is a surrogate marker reflecting the net impact forces acting on the vehicle. ETS=40 mph (the threshold used for safety testing within the EURONCAP scheme) was used to delineate low-impact blunt traumatic @entity1755 (LIBTAR) cases, which were subsequently analysed for aetiological risk factors. RESULTS: 119 fully analysed cases of @entity130 were identified from a total of 16,444 cases reported to the UK CCIS between 1998 and 2007. 79 cases (66.4%) qualified as LIBTAR. Risk factors for LIBTAR were age >60 (p<0.0001), lateral impact direction (OR 2.041, RR 1.99, p=0.003), and struck side seat position (OR 1.934, RR 1.885 p=0.101). @entity258 crash scenarios were found to represent more than 95% of UK road traffic accidents. CONCLUSION: @entity258 collisions account for two thirds of fatal @entity130 . Age >60, lateral impacts and struck side seat position are predictive of LIBTAR. @entity258 cases were associated with minor (potentially subclinical) intimomedial injuries. Therefore, it is recommended that a higher index of suspicion of @entity130 is used in low-impact scenarios in the risk groups identified.

title: @entity258 scenarios may account for two-thirds of blunt traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injuries', 'aortic injury']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['Low-impact']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['aortic rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the clinical presentation of @entity1475 has changed in recent years compared with historic controls (1965-1975). METHODS: Chart review of all 74 @entity1 referred to the New England Trophoblastic Disease Center for the primary management of @entity1475 during 1988-1993 was performed and comparison made to historic controls (1965-1975). RESULTS: @entity3556 remained the most common presenting symptom, occurring in 62 of 74 (84%) current @entity1 , compared with 297 of 306 (97%) controls (P = .001). However, @entity417 was present in only four of 74 (5%) current @entity1 , compared with 165 of 306 (54%) controls (P = .001). Excessive uterine size, @entity1468 , and @entity7494 occurred in only 21 of 74 (28%), one of 74 (1.3%), and six of 74 (8%) current @entity1 , respectively, compared with 156 of 306 (51%), 83 of 306 (27%), and 80 of 306 (26%), respectively, of historic controls (P = .001). No cases of clinical @entity1378 or respiratory distress were found in recent years. Ultrasound diagnosed @entity1475 before the onset of clinical symptoms in seven of 69 (10%) current @entity1 . Among @entity1 not receiving chemoprophylaxis, persistent @entity3567 developed in 23% of current @entity1 and 18.6% of historic controls. CONCLUSION: Fewer current @entity1 with @entity1475 present with the traditional symptoms of @entity1475 (excessive uterine size, @entity417 , @entity1468 , @entity1378 , or @entity7494 ) when compared with historic controls. However, there has been no statistically significant change in the development of persistent @entity3567 in current @entity1 compared with historic controls.

title: The changing clinical presentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7494 :: ('MESH:D006939', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemesis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['complete hydatidiform mole']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic tumor']

answer: @entity1475 :: (MESH:D006828,Disease) :: ['complete molar pregnancy']


abstract: The technique of percutaneous balloon compression for treatment of @entity4254 is demonstrated by using embedded audiovisual kernels. A text-based description with linked images is also provided to accomodate varying computer hardware capabilities. A new needle system for guiding the balloon catheter to the entrance of Meckel's cave and a balloon pressure monitoring system for the procedure is described and demonstrated. Results from a series of 141 consecutive @entity1 treated during the period between 1983 and 1995 indicate an initial success rate of 92%. Fifty-seven percent of @entity1 have @entity86 , which is described as mild to moderate by 94% of them. Sixteen percent have ipsilateral masseter-pterygoid weakness after compression. The overall recurrence rate is 26%. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicates that 60% of @entity1 are @entity158 free 8 years after surgery without recurrence requiring reoperation. The recurrence rate does not significantly differ from @entity1 with first division @entity158 to @entity1 without first division involvement. An absent corneal reflex has not occurred, nor has anesthesia dolorosa. Balloon compression injures the myelinated fibers that mediate the "trigger" to the lancinating @entity158 of @entity4254 . Because the corneal reflex is mediated by unmyelinated fibers, selective, monitored compression of myelinated fibers should preserve the corneal reflex when first division @entity158 is present.

title: Percutaneous balloon compression of the trigeminal nerve for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative numbness']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined the associations of (combinations of) social roles (employee, partner and parent) with the prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 and whether social roles contribute to the explanation of the female preponderance in these disorders. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study using data from 3857 respondents aged 25-55 of NEMESIS (Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study). @entity308 and @entity148 were measured using the CIDI 1.1. RESULTS: The OR of @entity308 and @entity148 among @entity1 compared to @entity1 was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.40-2.10). Among both genders, the partner role was associated with decreased risks of @entity308 and @entity148 and the parent role was not. The work role was a significant protective factor of @entity308 and @entity148 for @entity1 (OR=0.40; 95% CI: 0.24-0.69) but not for @entity1 (OR=0.86; 95% CI: 0.66-1.12). The effect of the work role was positive among @entity1 without @entity1 (OR=0.28; 95% CI: 0.14-0.54), but not among those with @entity1 (OR=1.01; 95% CI: 0.75-1.35). The gender risk for @entity308 and @entity148 decreased significantly by adding the work role variables into the model. LIMITATIONS: This was a cross-sectional study. This study did not give insight into the quality of social roles. CONCLUSION: The work role contributed to the explanation of the female preponderance in @entity308 and @entity148 . Considering @entity308 and @entity148 among @entity1 , a focus upon quality and meaning of the work role, and barriers in combining the work role and parent role may be essential.

title: Work and family roles and the association with @entity308 : differences between @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Different doses of the hepatocarcinogen @entity107 ( @entity108 ) were injected into fertilized @entity233 eggs 8 days before hatching. The embryos were removed from the eggs after 4 days and liver samples were shock frozen. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was purified from the samples. Electrophoresis on agarose gels with native mitochondrial DNA and with ribonuclease-treated mitochondrial DNA revealed a @entity108 -induced effect on the molecular size of the mtDNA. The content of mtDNA of the regular size of 16 kb dose-dependently decreased, whereas the amount of mtDNA fragments of various size increased. Fluorescent staining of the electrophoresis gels allowed the densitometric quantification of the mitochondrial DNA of the regular band at 16 kb and the amount of fragments of irregular size (smear). The @entity107 -induced effect was dose-dependent over the whole dose range from 1.24 to 6.2 mmol/kg. Even the lowest dose (10 mg @entity108 per egg) showed clear-cut effects. @entity2383 may be mechanistically involved in the neoplastic transformation and in aging phenomena. The in ovo model is a simple and rapid approach for investigations on chemically induced alterations of mtDNA.

title: Damage to mitochondrial DNA induced by the hepatocarcinogen XXXX in ovo.

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Mitochondrial damage and malfunction']

answer: @entity107 :: (MESH:D004052,Chemical) :: ['diethylnitrosamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have described in general the @entity130 associated with mountain biking, and detailed accounts of spine @entity130 sustained in hockey, gymnastics, skiing, snowboarding, rugby, and paragliding have previously been published. However, no large-scale detailed assessment of mountain biking associated @entity174 and @entity1566 has previously been published. PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to describe the @entity1 demographics, @entity130 , mechanisms, treatments, outcomes, and resource requirements associated with spine @entity130 sustained while mountain biking. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: @entity1 who were injured while mountain biking, and who were seen at a provincial spine referral center between 1995 and 2007 inclusive, with @entity1566 and/or spine @entity174 were included. A chart review was performed to obtain demographic data, and details of the injury, treatment, outcome, and resource requirements. RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 were identified for inclusion. The mean age at injury was 32.7 years (95% confidence interval 30.6, 35.0). Seventy-nine @entity1 (73.8%) sustained cervical @entity130 , while the remainder sustained thoracic or lumbar @entity130 . Forty-three @entity1 (40.2%) sustained a @entity1566 . Of those with @entity1566 , 18 (41.9%) were American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) A, 5 (11.6%) were ASIA B, 10 (23.3%) ASIA C, and 10 (23.3%) ASIA D. Sixty-seven @entity1 (62.6%) required surgical treatment. The mean length of stay in an acute hospital bed was 16.9 days (95% confidence interval 13.1, 30.0). Thirty-three @entity1 (30.8%) required intensive care unit attention, and 31 @entity1 (29.0%) required inpatient rehabilitation. Of the 43 @entity1 (40.2%) seen with @entity1566 , 14 (32.5%) improved by 1 ASIA category, and 1 (2.3%) improved by 2 ASIA categories. Two @entity1 remained ventilator-dependent at discharge. CONCLUSION: Spine @entity174 and @entity1566 caused by mountain biking accidents typically affect young, male, recreational riders. The medical, personal, and societal costs of these @entity130 are high. Injury prevention should remain a primary goal, and further research is necessary to explore the utility of educational programs, and the effect of helmets and other protective gear on spine @entity130 sustained while mountain biking.

title: Spinal column and XXXX in mountain bikers: a 13-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury', 'cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Synaptic defects represent a major mechanism underlying altered brain functions of @entity1 suffering @entity195 ( @entity195 ) 123. An increasing body of work indicates that the oligomeric forms of beta-amyloid (Abeta) molecules exert profound inhibition on synaptic functions and can cause a significant loss of neurotransmitter receptors from the postsynaptic surface, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated a potential contribution of mitochondria to Abeta inhibition of @entity140 receptor (AMPAR) trafficking. RESULTS: We found that a brief exposure of hippocampal neurons to Abeta oligomers not only led to marked removal of AMPARs from postsynaptic surface but also impaired rapid AMPAR insertion during chemically-induced synaptic potentiation. We also found that Abeta oligomers exerted acute impairment of fast mitochondrial transport, as well as mitochondrial translocation into dendritic spines in response to repetitive membrane depolarization. Quantitative analyses at the single spine level showed a positive correlation between spine-mitochondria association and the surface accumulation of AMPARs. In particular, we found that spines associated with mitochondria tended to be more resistant to Abeta inhibition on AMPAR trafficking. Finally, we showed that inhibition of @entity9459 alleviated Abeta impairment of mitochondrial transport, and effectively abolished Abeta-induced AMPAR loss and inhibition of AMPAR insertion at spines during cLTP. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that mitochondrial association with dendritic spines may play an important role in supporting AMPAR presence on or trafficking to the postsynaptic membrane. Abeta disruption of mitochondrial trafficking could contribute to AMPAR removal and trafficking defects leading to synaptic inhibition.

title: Inhibition of XXXX receptor trafficking at hippocampal synapses by beta-amyloid oligomers: the mitochondrial contribution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: In order to determine whether signal-averaged electrocardiography was useful in the diagnosis of syncopal @entity1165 , 244 subjects with malaise or unexplained @entity1163 without documented @entity1165 underwent endocavitary electrophysiological study and signal-averaged electrocardiography with a 25 Hz bandpass filter. Ninety-three @entity1 had no apparent @entity299 whereas 151 @entity1 had cardiac problems. @entity1165 was induced in 91 @entity1 . Fifty-two of them (57%) had ventricular late potentials. Twenty-two @entity1 without inducible @entity1165 also had late potentials (14%). The diagnostic value of signal-averaged electrocardiography depended on the @entity299 : in the absence of @entity299 , its sensitivity was poor (31%) but the specificity was excellent (96%). In the presence of @entity299 , the sensitivity improved (63%) but the specificity was not as good (67%). The lack of sensitivity in the group with @entity299 generally concerned subjects with inducible rapid @entity1165 . The authors conclude that signal-averaged electrocardiography should not be requested in the investigation of unexplained @entity1163 in subjects without @entity299 to demonstrate abnormal ventricular excitability which is very rate in these subjects. On the other hand it is more valuable in those with underlying @entity299 although inducible rapid @entity1165 may still escape detection.

title: [Should a signal-averaged electrocardiogram be requested in the evaluation of malaise and XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Awareness of the significance of @entity3657 is increasing, but quantitative estimates of the ensuing burden and the impact of other risk factors remains limited. The objective of this study was to fill this need. METHODS: Morbidity and mortality were examined in 16,440 index @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3657 in Saskatchewan, Canada between 1985 and 1995. Medical history and @entity1 characteristics were available retrospectively to January 1980 and follow-up was complete to March 1998. Crude and adjusted event rates were calculated and Kaplan-Meier survival curves estimated. Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted to examine the effect of risk factors on these rates. @entity1 suffering a @entity583 or @entity385 in Saskatchewan provided two reference populations. RESULTS: Half of the index @entity1 were male; the majority was over age 65; 73% had at least one additional risk factor at index diagnosis; 10% suffered a subsequent @entity64 , another 10% a @entity583 , and 49% died within the mean follow-up of 5.9 years. Annual mortality (8.2%) was higher among @entity1 with PAD than after a @entity583 (6.3%) but slightly lower than that in @entity1 suffering a @entity64 (11.3%). Index @entity1 with comorbid disease (e.g., @entity6 ) were at highest risk of @entity204 and other events. CONCLUSION: A diagnosis of @entity3657 is critical evidence of more widespread @entity66 , with substantial risks of subsequent cardiovascular events and @entity204 . Given that the majority has additional comorbidities, these risks are further increased.

title: The morbidity and mortality following a diagnosis of XXXX : long-term follow-up of a large database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: Soy diet ameliorates @entity8 in the Han:SPRD-cy @entity35 . The relative roles of protein, @entity6400 and changes in @entity5204 ( @entity5204 ) status are not determined. We fed male Han:SPRD-cy heterozygotes casein (C), high @entity3093 soy protein (HIS), @entity167 -extracted low @entity3093 soy protein (LIS) or mixed soy protein diet (MIS). LIS and MIS were associated with a small decrease in animal weight compared with HIS or C. Soy diets preserved normal renal function and reduced relative renal weight (10.9-14.6 g/kg, cf. 23.6, P < 0.001), scores for cystic change (0.168-0.239, cf. 0.386, P < 0.05), @entity82 (0.013-0.015, cf. 0.032, P < 0.05), tissue oxidized LDL content (0.012-0.021, cf. 0.048, P < 0.05), @entity32 (8.5-12.9, cf. 31.2, P < 0.05) and epithelial cell proliferation (6.5-13.8, cf. 26.3, P < 0.05). In post hoc testing, LIS produced a greater reduction in relative renal weight, cystic change and epithelial proliferation, whereas HIS produced a significantly greater reduction in oxidized-LDL. Soy diets were associated with increased hepatic content of 18C @entity5204 (P < 0.001). LIS and HIS diets were associated with a small increase in body fat content (P < 0.001). @entity167 -extracted soy protein retains its major protective effects in this model with subtle differences attributable to @entity6400 .

title: Dietary soy protein benefit in experimental @entity8 is preserved after XXXX depletion of diet.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'PUFA']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity3093 :: (CHEBI:18220,Chemical) :: ['isoflavone']


abstract: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) with a standard @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) regimen for adults with newly diagnosed @entity463 multiforme (GBM), twenty-six consecutive adults (range 39-79  years) who met our enrollment criteria received short courses of hypofractionated RT (45  Gy in 15 fractions over three weeks) with concomitant @entity2904 at 75  mg/m(2)/d. After 28  days, @entity2904 was maintained at 150-200  mg/m(2)/d on five days for 12 cycles or until @entity5 progression or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary end point was determined by @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity137 . Secondary assessed end points were: progression-free survival (PFS) at six months, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and pseudo-progression. We assessed HRQOL by use of the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) Subscale. All 26 @entity1 were evaluated for @entity1349 , PFS, and HRQOL. At a median follow-up of 20  months, the median @entity1349 was 15.6  months (95% confidence interval 9.0-22.2  months) with acceptable @entity137 . PFS rate at six months was 65%. KPS and FACT-Br Subscale scores did not decline after this procedure. Pseudo-progression occurred in two (8%) @entity1 . Adult @entity1 with GBM benefitted from favorable @entity1349 and PFS rate as a result of the hypofractionated RT with @entity2904 . An additional advantage is that this procedure may reduce the course of treatment. Further studies using this procedure are warranted.

title: A pilot study of hypofractionated radiation therapy with XXXX for adults with @entity463 multiforme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: @entity12110 is a @entity7545 caused by Theileria species. The Theileria species are classified into two groups depending on the cell type in which they proliferate and the clinical symptoms. The first group consists of lymphoproliferative Theileria species ( @entity11250 and @entity7546 ), which mainly proliferate in lymphocytes, causing uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation. The other group consists of a nonlymphoproliferative Theileria species ( @entity20535 , also known as T. sergenti) that proliferates in erythrocytes and causes @entity5714 . Based on reports of generation of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in lymphoproliferative @entity12110 , we investigated whether T cells specific to the T. orientalis antigen are present in the nonlymphoproliferative form of the disease. In this study, we developed a new assay based on an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) to detect @entity12028 ( @entity12028 )- and @entity17838 ( @entity17838 )-secreting cells in a series of cryogenically preserved @entity291 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We first determined that @entity12028 - and @entity17838 -secreting T cells were present in PBMCs by stimulating them with phytohemagglutinin L (PHA-L=red @entity11297 lectin L, known as T cell stimulator), and then determined whether @entity20535 -specific T cells are present in @entity20535 -infected @entity291 . Peptides derived from @entity20535 major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) were used as a @entity20535 -specific stimulator in the ELISpot assay, and peptides from glycoprotein B (gB) of the @entity4377 ( @entity4374 ) were used as a @entity4374 -specific stimulator as a control for monitoring the immune response. Compared with results obtained using the @entity4374 (gB peptides)-specific @entity12028 ELISpot assay to assess @entity4374 -immunized Holsteins, prominent @entity20535 MPSP peptide-specific @entity12028 and @entity17838 positive spots were detected in @entity20535 -infected Holsteins but weak positive responses were exhibited by @entity20535 -infected Angus and Japanese Black @entity291 . As far as we are aware, this is the first report to show direct evidence of the presence of @entity20535 -specific T cells in @entity20535 -infected @entity291 using an antigen-specific ELISpot assay system and that @entity20535 -specific, @entity12028 - and @entity17838 -producing T cells are produced in @entity20535 -infected Holsteins.

title: Generation of @entity12028 -producing cells that recognize the major piroplasm surface protein in Theileria orientalis-infected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4377 :: ('10385', 'Species') :: ['bovine herpes virus-1']

entities_list: @entity12110 :: ('MESH:D013801', 'Disease') :: ['theileriosis', 'Theileriosis']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['bovines', 'cattle', 'bovine']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne protozoan disease']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovines']


abstract: The aim of this study is to point out the late diagnosis and initiation of treatment in male with @entity0 . At the same time, to show the importance of the correlation between different markers in assessing the prognostic, as well as the treatment for the @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study on a group of 15 males with @entity0 , out of 1043 @entity1 with the disease, in a period of 10 years. Eight @entity1 were stage III of disease, 2 were stage II, one was stage I, and in other 3 cases the evaluation of the @entity5 and of the axillary lymph nodes was performed only by echography, considered stage II. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent radically modified Madden mastectomy; 4 @entity1 needed a partial resection of the great pectoralis muscle. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 9 @entity1 , and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 2 cases. Three @entity1 refused the chemotherapy, and one @entity1 chose an alternative paramedical treatment. The treatment with @entity440 was done in 11 @entity1 with high values of @entity1420 and @entity172 Receptors (PR, ER). At the date of our study, 8 @entity1 were alive, without clinical signs of disease (free of disease), while in 3 @entity1 , alive, clinical signs of disease were detected (recurrence). Survival rate couldn't be evaluated in 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 in male is usually discovered in locally advanced stages, although most of the @entity1 are regularly screened for chronic @entity99 . Use of biological markers allows a more accurate evaluation of the @entity146 , as well as a more specific treatment for each @entity1 . Modified radical mastectomy type Madden remains the preferred surgical approach. Surgical approach should be considered even in locally advanced cases, as well as in elder @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX in the male].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: @entity3177 has a multifunctional RNA polymerase (pol) I that transcribes ribosomal gene units (RRNA) and units encoding its major cell surface proteins variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and procyclin. Previous analysis of tandem affinity-purified, transcriptionally active RNA pol I identified ten subunits including an apparently trypanosomatid-specific protein termed RPA31. Another ortholog was identified in silico. No orthologs of the @entity375 subunit doublet @entity12514 / @entity12515 have been identified yet. Instead, a recent report presented evidence that RPB7, the RNA pol II paralog of @entity12514 , is an RNA pol I subunit and essential for RRNA and VSG transcription in bloodstream form trypanosomes [18]. Revisiting this attractive hypothesis, we were unable to detect a stable interaction between RPB7 and RNA pol I in either reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation or tandem affinity purification. Furthermore, immunodepletion of RPB7 from extract virtually abolished RNA pol II transcription in vitro but had no effect on RRNA or VSG ES promoter transcription in the same reactions. Accordingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed @entity2915 to known RNA pol II transcription units but not to the VSG ES promoter or to the 18S rRNA coding region. Interestingly, RPB7 did crosslink to the RRNA promoter but so did the RNA pol II-specific subunit RPB9 suggesting that RNA pol II is recruited to this promoter. Overall, our data led to the conclusion that RNA pol I transcription in @entity3177 does not require the RNA pol II subunit RPB7.

title: Transcription by the multifunctional RNA polymerase I in XXXX functions independently of RPB7.

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linking of RPB7']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']


abstract: Tetramer analysis is a novel technique in immunological research that has dramatically changed our knowledge of the immune response to pathogens, @entity5 and @entity792 . Through the formation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide tetrameric complexes, it can provide accurate counts of antigen-specific T-cells and it allows their phenotypical and functional analysis. The tetramer is composed of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) heavy chain, beta-2 microglobulin (beta-2m), the nominal peptide, and streptavidin. The HLA heavy chain and the beta-2m are expressed in @entity526 . But up to now, all laboratories have been expressing these two proteins by using @entity8507 IPTG. IPTG is very expensive, and it is tedious and laborious to induce expression protein. So it is difficult to scale up to express the objective protein. To address this problem, extracellular fractions of HLA-A0201 and beta-2m (absent signal peptide) genes were cloned from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by RT-PCR. DNA coding for a Gly-Ser linker and a BSP (15- @entity535 substrate peptide for BirA-dependent biotinylation) was added to the @entity1473 -terminus of the extracellular fraction of @entity25067 by PCR, using an HLA-A0201 as the template. Then the HLA-A0201-BSP and beta-2m genes were cloned into pBV220 vector and expressed, respectively. The expressed proteins were purified and detected by ELISA and Western blot analyses. High-efficient expressions of HLA-A0201-BSP and beta-2m proteins lay a good foundation for further expression and purification in prokaryotic system and constructing MHC class I-peptide tetramer complexes to study the function of CTLs.

title: Cloning, expression, and purification of HLA-A2-BSP and beta-2m in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8507 :: ('CHEBI:61448', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropyl beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity161 display an impaired sense of temporal continuity, and we showed that they judge events as being simultaneous even in case of large onset asynchronies. We check here whether this means a fusion of events in time, or on the contrary, a segregation of events and a deficit in coding time-event structure. Subjects decided whether 2 squares were displayed simultaneously or asynchronously on the screen and gave their response by hitting a left or right response key. The implicit processing of asynchrony was explored by means of the Simon effect, which refers to the finding that manual responses are biased to the side of the stimulus. We checked whether responses were biased to the side of the first or second square, when squares were asynchronous and displayed on opposite sides. Results revealed an enlarged time window in @entity1 irrespective of the squares' position (intra- vs interhemispheric presentation). But for asynchronies eliciting "synchronous" judgments, @entity1 ' responses were biased to the side of the first square. In contrast, controls were biased in all cases to the side of the second square. The inverse effects observed below thresholds in @entity1 and controls cannot be attributed to a generalized deficit. In controls, elementary predictive mechanisms would allow anticipation of upcoming events, whereas @entity1 appear to process squares as if isolated rather than following each other. Predictive mechanisms would be impaired in @entity1 , who would rather rely on reactive mechanisms in order to perceive asynchrony.

title: When predictive mechanisms go wrong: disordered visual synchrony thresholds in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The effects of anesthetics on @entity428 ( @entity428 ) may be different in preterm neonates than in adults because the neonate's cranial sutures are not yet fused. The authors monitored changes in anterior fontanel pressure (AFP), a noninvasive indicator of @entity428 , during anesthesia in 44 preterm neonates without @entity16 . @entity3897 , 0.02 mg/kg, and @entity6305 , 0.1 mg/kg, were given intravenously to all @entity1 , who were ventilated with @entity26 and air. Anterior fontanel pressure was monitored and recorded continuously with a Ladd AFP monitor. Systolic blood pressure (SAP) and @entity551 ( @entity551 ) were recorded at 1-min intervals. After a 5-min control period of stable AFP, each of the four groups of 11 @entity1 then received either 0.75% @entity5161 , 0.5% @entity1508 , 20 micrograms/kg @entity3575 , or 2 mg/kg @entity3652 . Anterior fontanel pressure decreased 11% during @entity5161 administration, 9% during @entity1508 administration, 10% after @entity3575 , and 10% after @entity3652 . These changes were statistically significant, but clinically mild, and AFP remained within the normal range. Statistically significant decreases in SAP and @entity551 occurred during @entity5161 and @entity1508 administration, but not after @entity3575 or @entity3652 . The authors conclude that indirectly measured @entity428 decreases slightly in preterm neonates without @entity16 after administration of the anesthetics studied. The difference between these results and those of studies of @entity428 in adults is presumably due to the compliance of the neonate's open-sutured cranium.

title: Changes in anterior fontanel pressure in preterm neonates receiving @entity5161 , @entity1508 , @entity3575 , or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MAP', 'mean blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) usually arise in @entity2513 ( @entity2513 ) displaying @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ). The aim was to assess the frequency of @entity652 displaying @entity1893 or @entity2735 in a cohort of consecutive @entity2513 with @entity189 . Ninety-two consecutive @entity652 were investigated. Sub-mucosal invasion was present in the 39 @entity652 with @entity1893 (42%) and in 58% (53/92) of the @entity652 with @entity2735 (p<0.05). Sections from 49 @entity652 were stained with the DNA-specific Feulgen reaction and for the proliferation marker Ki-67. Five consecutive high power fields (HPFs) were evaluated using a x40 objective. Marked Feulgen reaction was recorded in 91.8% or in 101 of the 110 HPFs studied in @entity652 with @entity1893 , but in none of the 135 HPFs studied in @entity652 with @entity2735 (p<0.05). Intense Ki-67 expression (>/=75%) was present in 98.2% or in 108 of the 110 HPFs studied in @entity652 with @entity1893 , but only in 1.4% or in 2 of the 135 HPFs in @entity652 with @entity2735 (p<0.05). Hence, @entity1893 cells and @entity2735 cells can be differentiated not only morphologically but also chemically by the semi-quantitative appreciation of their DNA content and immunohistochemically by the apparent difference in cell proliferation. Although @entity3 occurred significantly more frequently in @entity652 with @entity2735 than in those with @entity1893 , as many as 42% of the @entity652 with @entity3 displayed @entity1893 at histology. Despite morphological, chemical and immunohistochemical dissimilarities, these 2 non-invasive @entity5 might have similar biological behaviour in terms of progression towards @entity3 .

title: @entity189 may arise in XXXX with @entity1893 and with @entity2735 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'Colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['CRA', 'colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: @entity0 studies implant @entity1 @entity5 cells under the renal capsule, subcutaneously, or orthotopically and often use @entity172 supplementation and immune suppressants ( @entity2879 ) in xenograft @entity19 models. However, cell behavior is significantly impacted by signals from the local microenvironment. Therefore, we investigated how the combinatorial effect of the location of injection and procedural differences affected xenograft characteristics. @entity1 -derived @entity0 cells were injected into @entity19 abdominal or thoracic mammary glands +/- @entity172 and/or @entity2879 pretreatment. Abdominal xenografts had increased @entity5 incidence and volume, and decreased latency (P < 0.001) compared to @entity5 . No statistically significant difference in @entity5 volume was found in abdominal xenografts treated +/- @entity172 or @entity2879 ; however, @entity2879 suppressed @entity5 volume in thoracic xenografts (P < 0.02). The combination of @entity172 and @entity2879 significantly decreased @entity5 incidence in both sites. In addition, @entity19 treated +/- @entity53 were injected orthotopically or subcutaneously with well-characterized @entity0 cell lines (MCF7, ZR75-1, MDA MB-231, or MCF10Ca1h). Orthotopic injection increased @entity5 volume; growth varied with @entity172 supplementation. Location also altered methylation status of several @entity0 -related gene promoters. Lastly, vascularization of @entity5 was significantly enhanced compared to subcutaneous @entity5 . These data suggest that optimal xenograft success occurs with orthotopic abdominal injections and illustrate molecular details of the compelling influence of the local microenvironment on in vivo models.

title: Local regulation of XXXX breast xenograft models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'thoracic tumors', 'orthotopic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity544 ( @entity515 ) laser ablative fractional resurfacing produces @entity272 , with removal of the epidermis and variable portions of the dermis as well as associated residual heating, resulting in new collagen formation and skin tightening. The nonresurfaced epidermis helps tissue to heal rapidly, with short-term postoperative erythema. The results for 40 @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ) after a single session of a fractional @entity515 resurfacing mode were studied. The treatments included resurfacing of the full face, periocular upper lip, and residual acne scars. The @entity1 had skin prototypes 2 to 4 and wrinkle degrees 1 to 3. The histologic effects, efficacy, and treatment safety in various clinical conditions and for different phototypes are discussed. The @entity515 laser for fractional treatment is used in super-pulse mode. The beam is split by a lens into several microbeams, and super-pulse repetition is limited by the pulse width. The laser needs a power adaptation to meet the set fluence per microbeam. Laser pulsing can operate repeatedly on the same spot or be moved randomly over the skin, using several passes to achieve a desired residual thermal effect. Low, medium, and high settings are preprogrammed in the device, and they indicate the strength of resurfacing. A single treatment was given with the @entity1 under topical anesthesia. However, the anesthesia was injected on areas of scar tissue. Medium settings (2  Hz, 30  W, 60  mJ) were used, and two passes were made for dark skins and degree 1 wrinkles. High settings (2  Hz, 60  W, 120  mJ) were used, and three passes were made for degree 3 wrinkles and scar tissue. Postoperatively, resurfaced areas were treated with an ointment of @entity801 , @entity6247 , and @entity7836 (Novartis; Farmaceutics, S.A., Barcelona, Spain). Once epithelialization was achieved, antipigment and sun protection agents were recommended. Evaluations were performed 15  days and 2  months after treatment by both @entity1 and clinicians. Treatment improved wrinkle aspect and @entity2318 , and no @entity1 reported adverse effects or complications, irrespective of skin type, except for plaques of erythema in areas that received extra laser passes, which were not seen at the 2-month assessment. The results evaluated by clinicians were very much in correlation with those of @entity1 . Immediately after treatment, vaporization was produced by stacked pulses, with clear ablation and @entity3459 . An increased number of random pulses removed more epidermis, and with denser pulses per area, a thermal deposit was noted histologically. At 2  months, a thicker, multicelluar epidermis and an evident increase in collagen were observed. Fractional @entity515 laser permits a variety of resurfacing settings that obtain safe, effective skin rejuvenation and correct scar tissue in a single treatment.

title: Safe and effective one-session fractional skin resurfacing using a XXXX laser device in super-pulse mode: a clinical and histologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity6247 :: ('MESH:C014794', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinol Palmitate']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['scar condition']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['collateral heat coagulation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin damage']

entities_list: @entity7836 :: ('CHEBI:16811', 'Chemical') :: ['DL-methionine']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the incidence and risk factors for the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) among renal transplant recipients on @entity1140 -based immunosuppressive regimens during the first year posttransplant. In addition, we studied the relationship between @entity209 and @entity6 with transplant renal function at 1 year. METHODS: We included the 100 @entity1 who received a renal transplant in our unit between January 2007 and June 2008, collecting demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics at 1, 6, and 12 months posttransplantation. We excluded 15% of @entity1 with pretransplantation @entity6 . @entity209 was defined according to the National @entity165 Education Program criteria and @entity6 according to World Health Organization criteria. Insulin resistance at one year posttransplant was measured using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. RESULTS: Insulin therapy was required in 46% of @entity1 during the first hospitalization and @entity4854 was present in 65% of the cases. The incidence of @entity6 decreased throughout the first year posttransplant, namely, 44%, 24%, and 13% at 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The incidence of @entity209 increased to 33%, 48% and 50% at 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Age, body mass index, plasma fasting @entity413 levels at 1 month posttransplant, and pretransplant fasting triglyceridemia predicted @entity6 . Rejection and in- @entity1 @entity4854 predicted @entity209 . @entity6 and @entity209 were closely correlated (P=.004). The HOMA index was higher among @entity1 with @entity209 than other subjects at 1 year posttransplant: 3.2 (1.2) versus 2.3 (0.9; P=.035). Neither @entity6 nor @entity209 was associated with impaired plasma @entity1011 levels at 1 year after kidney transplantation. CONCLUSION: There was an high incidence of @entity6 and @entity209 among kidney transplant recipients treated with @entity1140 as the main immunosuppressive agent. The HOMA index was a good test of insulin resistance in this population. Screening and treatment of risk factors may avoid the development of these entities, which are related to poor cardiovascular outcomes.

title: Incidence and risk factors for the XXXX in renal transplant recipients taking @entity1140 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['PTDM', 'diabetes', 'posttransplant diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome and posttransplant diabetes']


abstract: The response of cytosolic @entity460 [ @entity141 ]i to @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), fetal calf serum, and @entity2036 was determined in individual A431 cells, using the fluorescent probe @entity593 and quantitative digital video fluorescence microscopy. In the presence of 1 mM external @entity141 , @entity4179 caused a rapid rise in [ @entity141 ]i, followed by a slower and variable decrease. The cells responded after a lag that varied from 10 to 30 seconds, and there was considerable cell-to-cell variation in extent of the rise in [ @entity141 ]i. A second challenge with @entity4179 gave negative results. No response was obtained in nominally @entity141 -free medium supplemented with 100 microM EGTA. Somewhat similar results were obtained with fetal calf serum except that a rise in [ @entity141 ]i was observed both in the presence and absence of external @entity141 . The A431 cells responded to external @entity855 with a rise in [ @entity141 ]i in less than 10 seconds, both in @entity141 -containing and @entity141 -free media. A coverslip with attached cells was mounted on a small chamber, allowing complete change of medium in 2 seconds. A nearly full response was obtained with only 10 seconds of contact of cells with @entity855 -containing medium. After washing out @entity855 , there was little or no response to a second addition given 100 seconds after the first. However, a second response was obtained when the concentration of agonist was increased 10-20-fold. These data favor the idea of receptor desensitization. Both homologous and heterologous receptor desensitization was observed. A transient rise in [ @entity141 ]i was also noted with @entity856 , while @entity10761 and @entity93 were inactive.

title: Studies on the increase in cytosolic free @entity460 induced by @entity4179 , serum, and XXXX in individual A431 cells.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2036 :: (MESH:D009711,Chemical) :: ['nucleotides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between @entity453 and polymorphisms at the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) and @entity7743 ( @entity7743 ) genes. METHODS: A total of 181 @entity1 younger than 50 years and 240 controls from the same homogeneous Caucasian population (Asturias, Northern Spain) were genotyped (using polymerase chain reaction) for the @entity1289 insertion/deletion ( @entity1289 -I/D) and the @entity7743 A/C transversion ( @entity7743 -A/C) (3-untranslated region) polymorphisms. RESULTS: The @entity336 -genotype was at a non-significant higher frequency among @entity1 (50%) than in controls (41%). No difference between the two groups was found for the @entity7743 -genotypes. Distribution of @entity1289 -genotypes according to @entity7743 -genotypes showed a significant association between @entity1289 - @entity336 and @entity7743 -CC and early @entity301 . Among the CC @entity1 58% were @entity336 , compared to 21% among the controls (p = 0.02; OR = 5.32, 95% CI = 1.45, 19.51). We determined the distribution of these genotypes among the @entity101 and non- @entity101 @entity1 . Frequencies of @entity1289 - or @entity7743 -genotypes did not differ between the two groups. However, we found an interaction between the @entity336 - and CC-genotypes in the group of normotensives. Among the CC @entity1 , 13% of the @entity101 and 75% of the normotensives were @entity336 (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a synergistic contribution of @entity1289 and @entity7743 polymorphisms to the risk of @entity453 . This gene-gene interaction could have clinical implications. Approximately 2% of individuals in our population are CC + @entity336 , and the genotyping of both polymorphisms could identify those with a high relative risk for @entity453 .

title: @entity1289 and angiotensin II receptor 1 polymorphisms: association with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor', 'AT1R']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: @entity1110 oxidase has been considered a major source of reactive @entity26 species in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Apoptosis linked to oxidative stress has been implicated in @entity788 . Recently, we demonstrated that @entity1110 oxidase subunits @entity12613 , p27phox, @entity12614 , and p67phox are constitutively expressed in pancreatic acinar cells, which are activated by @entity8629 , a @entity8586 analogue. @entity8629 induces an acute and @entity4 form of @entity788 . We investigated whether inhibition of @entity1110 oxidase by @entity3056 suppresses the production of reactive @entity26 species and apoptosis by determining viable cell numbers, DNA fragmentation, TUNEL staining, @entity4124 activity, and the expression of apoptosis-inducing factor in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells stimulated with @entity8629 . Inhibition on @entity1110 oxidase by @entity3056 was assessed by the alterations in @entity1110 oxidase activity and translocation of the cytosolic subunits p67phox and @entity12614 to the membrane. Intracellular @entity141 level was monitored to investigate the relationship between @entity1110 oxidase and @entity141 in cells stimulated with @entity8629 . As a result, @entity8629 induced the activation of @entity1110 , increased production of reactive @entity26 species, and apoptotic indices determined by the expression of apoptosis-inducing factor, @entity4124 activation, TUNEL staining, DNA fragmentation, and cell viability. Treatment with DPI inhibited @entity8629 -induced activation of @entity1110 oxidase, the production of reactive @entity26 species, and apoptosis, but not the increase of intracellular @entity141 levels in pancreatic acinar cells. These results demonstrate that the @entity8629 -induced increase in intracellular @entity141 level may be an upstream event of @entity1110 oxidase activation. @entity3056 , an @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor, inhibits the expression of apoptosis-inducing factor and @entity4124 activation, and thus apoptosis in pancreatic acinar cells.

title: @entity3056 suppresses apoptosis in XXXX -stimulated pancreatic acinar cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity3056 :: ('MESH:C007517', 'Chemical') :: ['Diphenyleneiodonium', 'diphenyleneiodonium']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['Cerulein', 'cerulein']

answer: @entity8629 :: (MESH:D002108,Chemical) :: ['cerulein']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3652 abuse may cause variable lower urinary tract symptoms and severe @entity2335 . In this study, we evaluated the relevance of urodynamic parameters according to the dose and duration of @entity3652 use and investigate the value of urodynamic studies in determining the severity of @entity3652 -associated @entity2335 (KC). METHODS: The urodynamic study results of 30 @entity1 with KC between January 2009 and December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. All @entity1 had been diagnosed based on their history and clinical features before urodynamic investigations. Cystoscopy was performed to confirm the diagnosis and measure the @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) (under spinal anesthesia). RESULTS: The mean (   standard deviation) age of @entity1 with KC was 22.0        3.3   years. The mean duration of @entity3652 abuse was 39.0        20.8   months. Maximum cystometric capacity was 115        66.6   mL. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 had a high maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) (>   90   @entity10020 O). There was no significant difference of urodynamic parameters between the high-dose (>=    5   gm/day) and low-dose groups (<   5   gm/day) or the long-duration (>=    3   years) and short-duration (<   3   years) groups. However, the @entity1494 was significantly lower in high-dose and long-duration groups compared to the low-dose and short-duration groups (191.3        68.5 vs. 299.0        99   mL; P   =   0.01; 219.0        59.7 vs. 325.5        104.5   mL; P   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The urodynamic test results help diagnose KC, but may not be useful in determining the severity of the disease. The @entity1494 measured under anesthesia may be a better predictor of the disease progression in KC.

title: Is Urodynamic Study a Good Witness to the Progression of @entity3652 -Associated XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['maximum anesthetic bladder bladder capacity', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Cystitis']