abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of regional cerebral @entity26 saturation (rSo2), fractional cerebral tissue @entity26 extraction (FTOE) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) after @entity600 in relation to neurodevelopmental outcome. METHODS: NIRS measured rSo2, FTOE, and aEEG were monitored simultaneously, together with arterial @entity26 saturation (Sao2) and blood pressure during the first 48 hours after severe @entity600 in 18 term @entity1 . FTOE was calculated as [Sao2-rSo2]/Sao2. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 3, 9, and 18 months and 3 and 5 years of age. At the time points 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 hours after birth, the mean values of Sao2, rSo2, FTOE, and mean arterial blood pressure were calculated over a 1-hour period. A stepwise-regression model was used to investigate the relative contribution of rSo2, FTOE, or aEEG to developmental outcome. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 died during the neonatal period as a result of @entity16 , and 8 @entity1 had a normal outcome at 5 years of age. One @entity1 developed @entity4207 and a mild @entity306 . The rSo2 and FTOE remained stable in @entity1 with a normal outcome. The rSo2 increased and the FTOE decreased after 24 hours in the @entity1 with an adverse outcome. (rSo2: 65% vs 84% at 12 and 48 hours, respectively; FTOE: 0.32 vs 0.12 at 12 and 48 hours, respectively). aEEG showed the closest relationship with outcome, but also rSo2 showed a significant correlation 24 hours after birth. CONCLUSIONS: rSo2 and FTOE seem to reflect secondary energy failure. aEEG showed the closest relationship with outcome after severe @entity600 .

title: Cerebral oxygenation and electrical activity after XXXX : their relation to outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disabilities']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['diplegia']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['birth asphyxia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stress is an important risk factor in the etiology of @entity914 . Preclinical work has shown that stress primarily increases @entity935 (DA) transmission in the frontal cortex. Given that DA-mediated hypofrontality is hypothesized to be a cardinal feature of @entity914 , stress-related extrastriatal DA release may be altered in @entity914 . Here we quantified for the first time stress-induced extrastriatal DA release and the spatial extent of extrastriatal DA release in individuals with non-affective @entity914 (NAPD). @entity17558 matched drug-free NAPD @entity1 underwent a single infusion @entity41385 positron emission tomography scan during which they completed the control and stress condition of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. HV and NAPD did not differ in stress-induced @entity41385 displacement and the spatial extent of stress-induced @entity41385 displacement in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporal cortex (TC). In the whole sample, the spatial extent of stress-induced radioligand displacement in right ventro-mPFC, but not dorso-mPFC or TC, was positively associated with task-induced subjective stress. Psychotic symptoms during the scan or negative, positive and general subscales of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were not associated with stress-induced @entity41385 displacement nor the spatial extent of stress-induced @entity41385 displacement in NAPD. Our results do not offer evidence for altered stress-induced extrastriatal DA signaling in NAPD, nor altered functional relevance. The implications of these findings for the role of the DA system in NAPD and stress processing are discussed.

title: No evidence for attenuated stress-induced extrastriatal @entity935 signaling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity17558 :: ('MESH:C538001', 'Disease') :: ['Twelve healthy volunteers (HV) and 12']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorder']


abstract: This paper reports on @entity751 that is an early complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. The @entity1 , a 69-year-old @entity1 with @entity73 due to @entity195 , was unable to swallow safely. She had undergone percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the standard manner, and it had allowed her to be cared for in her own home. The @entity1 's family had followed the instructions accompanying the device without difficulty until 5 days before presentation, when they noticed leakage around the tube. On examination, the stoma site was reddish, and at endoscopy, we were unable to confirm the internal bumper. Instead, there was a raised mound and a central small round concave area of gastric mucosa without @entity1066 and @entity4 . Fluid under pressure could not be injected through the percutaneous @entity5274 . The internal bumper had become embedded in the anterior abdominal wall. In this case, the first percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was removed with incision of abdominal wall under local anesthesia for a short period, and a second percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was created, without difficulty. Therefore, we should take greater care when we carry out percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in @entity1 with @entity303 and without @entity912 of the upper extremities.

title: The XXXX : an early complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired conversation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['buried bumper syndrome']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['buried bumper syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Shaking limb transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) represent a rare clinical syndrome that has been ascribed to focal @entity2806 attributable to insufficient brain perfusion, usually resulting from carotid @entity432 . The techniques conventionally used to evaluate this condition are contrast angiography, carotid artery ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance angiography. Treatment consists of internal carotid artery (ICA) endarterectomy or, in the case of @entity432 , extracranial-intracranial bypass. In this report, two @entity1 with shaking limb TIAs are presented. For one @entity1 , preoperative evaluations included single-photon emission computed tomographic studies with @entity3791 vasodilator challenge; for the second @entity1 , computed tomographic angiography was used to assess vascular anatomic features. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Two @entity1 with severe @entity2998 presented with brief, recurrent, shaking limb TIAs. Angiograms obtained for @entity1 1 demonstrated @entity432 in association with severe external @entity543 , whereas preoperative single-photon emission computed tomographic scans revealed a lack of cerebrovascular reserve in response to @entity3791 challenge. Carotid artery duplex ultrasonography and computed tomographic angiography demonstrated severe @entity850 of the ICA for @entity1 2. INTERVENTION: @entity1 1 underwent a left external carotid artery endarterectomy. @entity1 2 underwent a right ICA endarterectomy. CONCLUSION: After surgery, the shaking limb episodes ceased for both @entity1 . Postoperative single-photon emission computed tomographic scans for @entity1 1 demonstrated increased cerebral blood flow in response to @entity3791 challenge. These data provide support for the concept that shaking limb TIAs are related to hemodynamic failure and that improvements in cerebral blood flow through conducting vessels can alleviate the condition.

title: Shaking limb transient @entity63 attacks: unusual presentation of carotid XXXX : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusive disease', 'complete ICA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusive disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Correction of a micro-orbit, caused by clinical @entity17347 is a very challenging task. In @entity4802 a micro-orbit may be combined with @entity509 of the malar and the ascending mandibular ramus. MATERIAL: A 5-year-old @entity1 with @entity4802 is described. @entity509 of the malar bone and the tilted occlusal plane were corrected by means of intraoral distraction osteogenesis in the upper jaw following precise simulation surgery on a 3D-model. At the same time, the ascending mandibular ramus was lengthened with a second distraction device and a spherical tissue expander was inserted into the hypoplastic orbit. RESULTS: The malar as well as upper and lower jaws were lengthened and positioned symmetrically. The orbital cavity was expanded to 79% of that of the healthy side. Following removal of the distraction devices, the expander was exchanged for a larger one and orbital expansion was continued until overcorrection of the orbit up to 118 percent was achieved. CONCLUSION: Orbital expansion is a minimally invasive method of enlarging the volume of the eye socket three-dimensionally. Intraorally activated buried distraction devices enable "growth" of the jaws making bone transplants avoidable in many cases. By combining both methods, complex malformations can be corrected simultaneously in @entity1 .

title: Simultaneous orbital expansion and intraoral distraction osteogenesis of upper and lower jaws in a XXXX with @entity4802 .

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoplasia', 'hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity17347 :: ('MESH:D000853', 'Disease') :: ['anophthalmia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial microsomia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4310 with @entity5200 and @entity11604 (FHHNC) is a rare @entity74 exhibiting a high risk for progressive @entity740 ( @entity740 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective multicentre study of 25 paediatric cases with FHHNC in Poland. Median age at diagnosis was 4 years and median follow-up time was 4.8 years. RESULTS: All cases of FHHNC carried recessive mutations in @entity23631 . The founder mutation in @entity23631 , @entity23632 , was the most frequent cause of FHHNC in Polish @entity1 , with 13 (52%) cases being homozygous and 5 (20%) carrying @entity23632 allele in compound heterozygosity. All cases showed @entity11604 , increased urinary fractional excretion of @entity1760 and @entity5200 . Other disease features included hypomagnesaemia (76%), @entity2742 (76%), hyperuricaemia (56%) and hypocitraturia (60%). Treatment with @entity7206 effectively reduced @entity5200 in most cases. During follow-up, renal function declined in 60% of @entity1 ; 12% of @entity1 reached @entity740 stage 3 or 4 and one @entity1 developed @entity454 . CONCLUSIONS: We report one of the largest cohorts of FHHNC cases caused by @entity23631 mutations. A missense variant of @entity23631 , @entity23632 , is the most common mutation responsible for FHHNC in Poland. Additionally, we found that normomagnesaemia does not exclude FHHNC and the calculation of fractional excretion of Mg can be diagnostic in the setting of normomagnesaemia. We also demonstrate the efficacy of a treatment with thiazides in terms of @entity5200 in the majority of @entity1 .

title: Retrospective cohort study of @entity4310 with XXXX and @entity11604 due to @entity23631 mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity23632 :: ('p|SUB|L|151|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Leu151Phe']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive tubular disorder']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['Familial hypomagnesaemia']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity5200 :: (MESH:D053565,Disease) :: ['hypercalciuria']


abstract: Nano- @entity575 colloid was synthesized by using microwave method on the mixtures of @entity4958 solution and @entity7292 solution. The method has advantages of fast heating speed, uniform temperature distribution and easily controlled reaction conditions. The sizes and size distributions of the @entity575 particles were characterized by means of quasi-elastic laser scattering (QLS). The average particles size was (53.27 +/- 2.65) nm and the size of the particles was mainly distributed around 56 nm. Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of the degradation products from @entity1237 horn were obtained with @entity575 colloid as active substrate. It was observed that the Raman signal of SERS was enhanced significantly compared with that of regular Raman spectrum, especially at the Raman bands of 659, 830, 850, 929, 999, 1 028, 1 280, 1 439 and 1 599 cm(-1) which reflect the biochemical components in degradation products. The characteristic Raman bands of degradation products from @entity1237 horn were preliminary assigned. The assignments showed that the main constituents of the degradation products from @entity1237 horn were @entity1522 and polypeptides. It was for the first time that Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was used to detect trace degradation products from the horns. Raman signal enhancement can be obtained with high sensitivity for the trace concentrations as low as ppm level. It is concluded that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can provide a fast, direct and precise detecting method for the detection of trace degradation solution from horns.

title: [Surface-enhanced Raman spectra analysis of trace degradation products from XXXX horn].

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: The pathologic material from 56 @entity1 diagnosed initially as @entity2828 of the distal extremity and treated on National @entity5 Institute protocols between 1968 and 1984 was reviewed and correlated with clinical outcome. Histologically, the @entity5 were categorized, based on recent pathologic criteria, into three diagnostic groups: (1) typical @entity2828 , (2) atypical @entity2828 , and (3) other (predominantly @entity10476 [ @entity10476 ]). Thirty-two @entity1 (57%) had typical Ewing's, 13 (23%) were atypical, and 11 (20%) were in the "other" diagnostic category (seven [13%] @entity10476 , two primitive @entity980 , one primitive @entity79 , and one @entity1352 ). No cases of @entity3 , @entity421 , or @entity706 were found. Forty-five @entity1 had @entity66 at diagnosis; 11 had @entity3 . @entity1 with typical @entity2828 were less likely to have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Only two of 32 @entity1 with typical @entity2828 had @entity3 compared with nine of 24 @entity1 in the two other groups. The pattern of relapse was also different in these other groups compared with typical Ewing's @entity1 ; five @entity1 developed lymph node @entity3 and two @entity1 developed brain @entity3 . Although the presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis was a strong negative prognostic factor, our histologic grouping was independently prognostic of clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity1 with typical osseous @entity2828 had an improved overall survival (P2 = 0.03) and @entity1 with other @entity5 (neither typical nor atypical @entity2828 ) had a poorer disease-free survival (P2 = 0.02). Since no generally accepted histopathologic prognostic criteria exist for @entity2828 , the potential value of our proposed classification should be evaluated in a larger retrospective and a prospective study.

title: Prognostic value of histopathology in @entity2828 . Long-term follow-up of distal extremity primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity10476 :: ('MESH:D018241', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuroepithelioma', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial cell sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma of bone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic neuroblastoma', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Scarce data are available regarding the molecular mechanisms implicated in @entity1311 resistance. There is controversial data about beta-tubulin mutations role in @entity1311 resistance. We have conducted this trial to address the influence of beta-tubulin mutations in @entity1311 resistance in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). A group of 15 @entity1 were biopsied and diagnosed of stages IIIB and IV @entity1149 . Tumor specimens were used for DNA isolation and exon 4 of HM40 beta-tubulin isotype was amplified and automatically sequenced, using both intronic and exonic primers. Next, the chemotherapy schedule consisted of weekly @entity1311 (100 or 150 mg/m(2) x 6) followed 2 weeks later by @entity900 100 mg/m(2) on day 1, @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 14, and @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 14, every 28 days. Using exonic primers, gene sequence alterations were found in 13/15 (87%) @entity1 , including transitions (codons 180 and 182) and one silent transversion (codon 195). Also, three transversions (codons 231, 234, and 235) were found in all @entity1 and controls. All alterations disappeared when sequenced with intronic primers. Our results suggest that point mutations demonstrated with exonic primers but not with intronic ones are probably due to beta-tubulin pseudogenes present in advanced @entity1149 specimens. Even so, when these beta-tubulin pseudogenes are found there is a clear relation with clinical response. Although these changes could be relevant in @entity1311 resistance, this observation must be proven in future clinical trials to resolve "the tubulin dilemma".

title: New insights in beta-tubulin sequence analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative modality for @entity2150 ; the preferred stem cell source is bone marrow. However, allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) used in high-risk @entity1 is associated with higher risk of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Our center receives multitransfused, alloimmunized, infected, late referrals for transplant. METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 of median age 22 years (range 8-37) received allogeneic-PBSCT from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donors. The median time since diagnosis was 12 months (range 4-65) and median pretransplant transfusions were 37 (range 6-160). Six @entity1 were platelet refractory and one alloimmunized for pan-red blood cell (RBC) antigens. Several @entity1 had pretransplant @entity8 and 26 (63.4%) had unresponsive @entity2348 . Our conditioning regimen included @entity3118 30 mg/m(2) for 6 days (days -10 to -5), @entity786 60 mg/kg/d for 2 days (days -6 to -5), and antithymocyte globulin (ATGAM) 30 mg/kg/d for 4 days (day -4 to -1), which was reduced to 2 days in 2 @entity1 . We used standard @entity2132 prophylaxis with @entity205 and @entity1499 on days 1, 3, 6, 11. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 29 months (range 6-78) and median engraftment time 10 days (range 8-17). Thirty-one @entity1 (75.6%) were treated for @entity281 , with 20 of these on antifungals for preexisting @entity281 . There were two graft rejections and 10 (24.4%) deaths, with three @entity932 , two rejections with infection, three cases of refractory @entity2132 ( @entity697 ) with cytomegalovirus reactivation, and two invasive @entity364 . Overall incidence of acute @entity2132 was 39% with 2 grade IV cases. Ten (25%) cases developed chronic @entity2132 , with extensive @entity2132 in four. CONCLUSION: With more experience using shortened course of ATGAM, HLA-matched donor transfusions, and availability of newer antifungals, we have been able to decrease PBSCT-related mortality. Further improvement will be possible with early referrals.

title: Audit of peripheral stem cell transplantation for XXXX in @entity281 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['icterus or renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute/overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial/fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and other oligosaccharides has been suggested to be an important property for the selection of bacterial strains used as probiotics. However, little information is available on FOS transport and metabolism by @entity880 bacteria and other probiotic bacteria. The objectives of this research were to identify and characterize the FOS transport system of @entity6983 1195. Radiolabeled FOS was synthesized enzymatically from [(3)H]sucrose and purified by column and thin-layer chromatography, yielding three main products: @entity413 (G) alpha-1,2 linked to two, three, or four @entity948 (F) units (GF(2), GF(3), and GF(4), respectively). FOS hydrolysis activity was detected only in cell extracts prepared from FOS- or @entity969 -grown cells and was absent in cell supernatants, indicating that transport must precede hydrolysis. FOS transport assays revealed that the uptake of GF(2) and GF(3) was rapid, whereas little GF(4) uptake occurred. Competition experiments showed that @entity413 , @entity948 , and @entity969 reduced FOS uptake but that other mono-, di-, and trisaccharides were less inhibitory. When cells were treated with @entity3163 , @entity13638 , or other metabolic inhibitors, FOS transport rates were reduced by up to 60%; however, ionophores that abolished the proton motive force only slightly decreased FOS transport. In contrast, uptake was inhibited by @entity8870 , an inhibitor of @entity855 -binding cassette transport systems. De-energized cells had low intracellular @entity855 concentrations and had a reduced capacity to accumulate FOS. These results suggest that FOS transport in @entity6983 1195 is mediated by an @entity855 -dependent transport system having specificity for a narrow range of substrates.

title: Metabolism of fructooligosaccharides by XXXX 1195.

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity13638 :: ('MESH:D019807', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity6983 :: ('1597', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei', 'L. paracasei']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['ortho-vanadate']

answer: @entity6983 :: (1597,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei']


abstract: Most @entity5 originating from the biliary tract are @entity420 , and @entity189 of @entity6984 is a very rare finding. An 83-yr-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity1087 . The abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed wall thickening and luminal stenosis of both the intrahepatic duct confluent portion and the common hepatic duct. These findings were compatible with @entity6984 , Bismuth type III. Considering the @entity1 's old age, palliative combined modality therapy was performed. After percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, biopsy was performed via percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. The histopathologic findings showed @entity1962 . External radiotherapy and intraluminal brachytherapy through the endobiliary Y-type stent were then done. Nine months after the radiotherapy, the laboratory findings and the abdominal computed tomography revealed @entity99 . The combined modality therapy of external radiotherapy, intraluminal brachytherapy and stenting assisted him to live a normal life until he finally experienced @entity253 .

title: XXXX of extrahepatic bile duct: a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['adenosqamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ["Klatskin's tumor"]

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction and progressive hepatic metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1962 :: (MESH:D018196,Disease) :: ['Adenosquamous carcinoma']


abstract: Excess @entity842 (NO) induces apoptosis of some cell types, including macrophages. As NO is synthesized by @entity17693 ( @entity17693 ) from @entity369 , a common substrate of arginase, these two enzymes compete for @entity369 . There are two known isoforms of arginase, types I and II. Using @entity19 macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, we asked if the induction of arginase II would downregulate NO production and hence prevent apoptosis. When cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity60 ( @entity60 ), the inducible form of @entity17693 ( @entity13633 ) was induced, production of NO was elevated, and apoptosis followed. When @entity619 and @entity268 were further added, both @entity13633 and arginase II were induced, NO production was much decreased, and apoptosis was prevented. When the cells were transfected with an arginase II expression plasmid and treated with LPS/ @entity60 , some cells were rescued from apoptosis. An @entity23233 expression plasmid was also effective. On the other hand, transfection with the arginase II plasmid did not prevent apoptosis when a NO donor SNAP or a high concentration (12 mM) of @entity369 was added. These results indicate that arginase II prevents NO-dependent apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells by depleting intracellular @entity369 and by decreasing NO production.

title: Arginase II downregulates XXXX (NO) production and prevents NO-mediated apoptosis in @entity19 macrophage-derived RAW 264.7 cells.

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since its initial application in 1976, the transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) has improved the detection of cardiovascular emboligenic sources. Even though its indication in @entity1 with @entity64 is still controversial, its use has contributed to the identification of potential @entity64 sources. OBJECTIVE: To describe the transesophageal echocardiographic findings in @entity385 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed case series of 162 TEE performed on a total of 576 @entity63 events dated between 01/01/99 to 01/05/01. The required information was collected prospectively in the @entity64 Data Bank of the Neurology Department at Policl nico Bancario in Buenos Aires. RESULTS: TEE was carried out in 162 (28.1%) cases. Of theses cases 13% belonged to the clinical subtype @entity24603 , 37% to PACI, 17% to POCI, and 37% to @entity11524 subtype. Pathologic findings corresponded to cardiac level: spontaneous contrast in 29% of the cases, and to aortic level: plaques grade IV in 34% and debris in 13% of the cases. According to the etiology of @entity385 , 67 @entity1 had been registered under the diagnosis of @entity1188 (60 in the anterior region and 7 in the posterior region), 93 had been diagnosed medium and grand @entity1188 (73 in the anterior region and 29 in the posterior region), and 2 had remained unclassified. Emboligenic sources were found in 69.5% of @entity24603 , 65% of PACI, 52% of POCI, and 53% of @entity11524 . CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of aortic artheroembolic pathology was detected in the population under study. However, spontaneous contrast was the echocardiographic phenomenon more frequently reported. It is to be pointed out the presence of potential cardiac and/or aortic emboligenic sources in 48% of the population with @entity1188

title: [ XXXX : transesophageal echocardiographic findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['artery infarct', 'lacunar infarct']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic stroke']


abstract: A biomechanical model of a one-month old baby was designed and tested by Duhaime and co-workers in 1987 in an attempt to assess the biomechanics of the @entity3702 ( @entity3702 ). The study implied that pure shaking alone cannot cause fatal @entity542 , a factor which has been applied in criminal courts. In an attempt to test the validity of the model a preliminary study was undertaken in which a replica was constructed and tested. The broad description of the design and construction of the Duhaime model allowed for variations and therefore uncertainties in its reproduction. It was postulated therefore that differences in certain parameters may increase angular head accelerations. To further investigate this observation, an adjustable replica model was developed and tested. The results indicated that certain parameter changes in the model did in fact lead to an increase in angular head acceleration. When these parameter changes were combined and an injurious shake pattern was employed, using maximum physical effort, the angular head acceleration results exceeded the original Duhaime et al. (1987) results and spanned two scaled tolerance limits for concussion. Additionally, literature suggests that the tolerance limits used to assess the shaking simulation results in the original study may not be reliable. Results from our study were closer to the internal @entity542 , subdural haematoma, tolerance limits. A series of end point impacts were identified in the shake cycles, therefore, an impact-based @entity542 measure ( @entity542 Criterion - @entity47219 ) was utilized to assess their severity. Seven out of ten tests conducted resulted in @entity47219 values exceeding the tolerance limits (critical load value, St  rtz, 1980) suggested for @entity1 . At this present stage the authors conclude that it cannot be categorically stated, from a biomechanical perspective, that pure shaking cannot cause fatal @entity542 in an @entity1 . Parameters identified in this study require further investigation to assess the accuracy of simulation and increase the biofidelity of the models before further conclusions can be drawn. There must now be sufficient doubt in the reliability of the Duhaime et al. (1987) biomechanical study to warrant the exclusion of such testimony in cases of suspected @entity3702 .

title: Can shaking alone cause fatal brain injury? A biomechanical assessment of the Duhaime XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity3702 :: ('MESH:D038642', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'shaken baby syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injury', 'head injuries', 'head injury']

answer: @entity3702 :: (MESH:D038642,Disease) :: ['shaken baby syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity341 ( @entity341 ) often serves as the first site for the recognition and treatment of @entity1 with suspected severe @entity295 . However, few evaluations of the national epidemiology and distribution of severe @entity295 in the @entity341 exist. We sought to determine national estimates of the number, timing, @entity341 length of stay, and case distribution of @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with suspected severe @entity295 . DESIGN: Analysis of 2001-2004 @entity341 data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. SETTING: National multistage probability sample of United States @entity341 data. @entity1 : Adult (age, >or=18 yrs) @entity1 with suspected severe @entity295 , defined as the concurrent presence of an infec-tion ( @entity341 International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision; ICD-9) diagnosis of @entity281 , or a triage temperature <96.8 degrees F or >or=100.4 degrees F) and @entity881 ( @entity341 ICD-9) diagnosis of @entity881 , intubation, or a triage systolic blood pressure <or=90 mm Hg). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS: Estimated number of @entity341 @entity1 presenting with suspected severe @entity295 , and their times of arrival, @entity341 lengths of stay, and clinical characteristics. MAIN RESULTS: Of 331.5 million adult @entity341 visits, approximately 2.3 million (571,000 annually, 0.69%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.77%) were for suspected severe @entity295 . Mean @entity341 length of stay for suspected severe @entity295 was 4.7 hrs (95% CI, 4.3-5.1 hrs), with 20.4% spending >6 hrs in the @entity341 . Of suspected severe @entity295 @entity1 , 20.6% presented to a @entity258 (<or=20,000 annual visits), 15.6% presented to @entity341 in non-Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and 53.5% presented to EDs without medical school affiliations. More than half arrived by ambulance. CONCLUSIONS: Suspected severe @entity295 @entity1 account for more than 500,000 @entity341 visits annually, with individual @entity1 spending an average of almost 5 hrs in the @entity341 . These national data offer key systemwide information for designing and implementing strategies for severe @entity295 treatment.

title: National estimates of severe XXXX in United States emergency departments.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-volume ED']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Evidence is needed to justify whether investment in an internationally agreed core outcome set for @entity169 surgery is needed. This study aimed to assess outcome reporting from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses in @entity169 surgery. METHODS: RCTs and meta-analyses comparing surgical technique or mesh type for primary @entity169 were systematically identified. Verbatim details, type, frequency and definition of clinician-observed and -assessed outcomes were summarised. @entity1 -reported outcome measures (PROMs) were analysed for instrument validity and frequency of domain reporting. RESULTS: 40 RCTs (10,810 @entity1 ) and 7 meta-analyses (17,280 @entity1 ) were identified. No single @entity4942 was reported by all studies. There were 58 different clinician-observed outcomes, with recurrence (n  =  47, 100  %), wound @entity281 (n  =  33, 70.2  %), haematoma (n  =  31, 77.5  %) and @entity2080 formation (n  =  22, 46.8  %) being most frequently reported. All studies measured @entity1 ' views, although only 12 (30.0  %) used validated instruments. The SF36 was the most commonly used multi-dimensional valid @entity4942 (n  =  7), and a visual analogue scale assessing @entity158 (n  =  32) was the most frequently used unidimensional scale. Non-validated questionnaires assessed 25 other aspects of @entity1 ' health. Two meta-analyses defined recurrence and three chronic @entity158 although neither ensured that included RCTs adhered to the definitions. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome reporting from RCTs concerning @entity169 is inconsistent and poorly defined, limiting meta-analyses, which themselves do not control for the differing definitions of assessed outcomes. This study justifies investment in a standardised core outcome set for @entity169 surgery, to improve outcome reporting and evidence synthesis.

title: A detailed analysis of outcome reporting from randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at risk for life-threatening @entity1800 . @entity7076 is often used first-line for @entity9504 , despite the absence of randomized controlled trials in HSCT @entity1 , and as a second-line agent for resistant herpesvirus infections. The frequency and severity of adverse effects, particularly nephrotoxicity, in pediatric HSCT recipients is unclear, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of @entity7076 in @entity1 have not previously been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an open-label, non-randomized, single-dose pilot study to determine the safety and PK of @entity7076 in pediatric HSCT recipients with symptomatic @entity9504 , @entity2353 -resistant @entity2834 or HSV, and/or @entity1 papovavirus infections. Subsequent dosing and frequency was determined by clinical response and side effects, as assessed by the treating physician. @entity1 had blood and urine samples obtained for PK- studies, assessment of @entity137 , and virologic response. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were enrolled (median 9 years; 33.5 days post-transplant). 4/7 @entity1 with @entity9504 were successfully treated and eventually cleared their infections. 4/12 @entity1 died of disseminated @entity1800 and @entity881 . 2/12 had evidence of @entity810 after the first dose and one of these developed @entity740 ; two other @entity1 developed late nephrotoxicity. Mean drug half-life was 9.5 hours. There was no correlation between nephrotoxicity and plasma maximum concentration, clearance, or half-life. DISCUSSION: PK was similar to those reported in adults, although drug half-life was significantly longer. @entity7076 was well-tolerated in the majority of @entity1 . However, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to support @entity1 until immune reconstitution.

title: Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous @entity7076 for Life-Threatening XXXX in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'Patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections', 'viral disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity7076 :: ('MESH:C059262', 'Chemical') :: ['cidofovir', 'Cidofovir']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Viral Infections']


abstract: The @entity1 is a young infertile lady with right @entity616 on hysterosalpingogram was subjected for diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy.Hysterolaparoscopy findings were normal. Transcervical chromopertubation was performed using 20 -30 ml of diluted @entity6693 through hysterosalpingogram cannula. Hesitant flow of dye was noted on left side after 2-3 flushing attempts. Ampullary block noted on right side with no spillage of the dye. @entity1 made an uneventful anaesthetic recovery. Five hours later @entity1 developed @entity7405 , @entity551 and bluish colored urine was drained. She was shifted to ICU and @entity1 eventually recovered after hemodynamic support with @entity26 , @entity230 and inotropes. Spectrophotometric analysis showed @entity3961 levels of 26.3%. This case is reported for its rare but potentially fatal complication of @entity4 following @entity6693 . In this case @entity4 manifested late in the postoperative period compared to other reported cases in the literature where @entity4 was seen during intraoperative period.

title: A Rare Case of Delayed XXXX due to Methemoglobinemia Following Laparoscopic Chromopertubation with @entity6693 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['tubal block']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Oedema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fibrin glue, which is formed from the action of @entity19318 (a @entity563 protease) on fibrinogen, has been developed for use as an adhesive to increase the success of skin graft surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate if bubaline fibrin glue would promote skin graft survival in @entity1707 . The grafting was divided into two steps. First, granulation wound preparation was performed in a healthy @entity1707 by creating four full-skin depth wounds (3   *   12 cm(2)) at the dorsal part of the loin area on each side. Second, pinch and punch skin grafting, where eight skin discs (0.6   cm diameter) were regularly placed (0.6   cm distance apart) in the granulation tissue bed of each wound, was performed 5 days later. The bubaline fibrin glue was added prior to application of the 16 skin graft discs in two of the wounds, while no glue was added to the other 16 skin graft discs in the other two wounds. The number of surviving graft pieces and histological examination was evaluated after 3, 7, and 14 days post-operation and compared by pairing between the control and the bubaline fibrin glue groups. The number of grafts that remained at 3 and 7 days post-operation and the number of new microvessels at 3 days post-operation were significantly higher ( p   <   0.05) in the bubaline fibrin glue group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the number of fibroblasts, the intensity of scarring and the intensity of @entity32 between the two groups, except for the significantly lower intensity of @entity32 at 7  days post-operation in the bubaline fibrin glue group. In conclusion, bubaline fibrin glue has the advantage of decreasing the skin graft loss by approximately 31.3-37.5% compared with the control group and also promotes angiogenesis.

title: Efficacy of bubaline fibrin glue on full-thickness pinch and punch skin grafting in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate for an association between @entity12145 ( @entity12145 ) and @entity1645 (CM1). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity12145 underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the cervicomedullary junction. Images were analyzed by three radiologists for @entity76 , syringohydromyelia, calvarial bone thickening, a flat posterior fossa, and @entity612 . Final diagnoses were made by means of consensus. Tonsillar ectopia of 4 mm indicated CM1. Subjects underwent neurologic examination and completed a questionnaire. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. A two-sided Fisher exact test was used to test for independence between CM1 and bone thickening or @entity1276 . RESULTS: Seven subjects (44%) had CM1. The more severe the bone thickening, the more likely that a CM1 was present. Four subjects (25%) had @entity612 . CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that CM1 is associated with @entity12145 and that the primary abnormality in @entity1 with CM1 is a small posterior fossa caused by a bony @entity600 .

title: XXXX : association with hypophosphatemic rickets and MR imaging appearance.

entities_list: @entity12145 :: ('MESH:D053098', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypophosphatemic rickets', 'FHR']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tonsillar ectopia']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is ample knowledge reported in the literature about the role of oxidative stress in @entity565 pathogenesis. It is also known that the interaction of reactive @entity26 species with DNA may result in DNA strand breaks. The aim of this study was to investigate if @entity5203 monotherapy affects oxidative stress and DNA damage parameters in a population of pediatric @entity565 @entity1 . METHODS: Group I consisted of 31 newly diagnosed @entity748 @entity1 not taking any medication, and group II consisted of 32 @entity1 who had been treated with @entity5203 for at least 6 months. Forty healthy control subjects were also enrolled in the study. Plasma @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity159 ( @entity159 ) were measured to assess oxidative stress. DNA damage was assessed by means of alkaline comet assay. RESULTS: The @entity1 in both group I and group II had statistically significant higher plasma @entity66 (13.1    4 and 11.1    4.1  mol @entity5568 equivalent/liter, respectively) and low @entity159 levels (1.4    0.5 and 1.5    0.5 mmol @entity22143 equivalent/liter, respectively) compared with the control group ( @entity66 : 6.3    3.5  mol @entity5568 equivalent/liter and @entity159 : 2.7    0.6 mmol @entity22143 equivalent/liter; p < 0.05). DNA damage was 18.2    1.0 arbitrary units (a.u.) in group I, 16.7    8.2 a.u. in group II and 13.7    3.4 a.u. in the control group. There were statistically significant differences only between group I and the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings, @entity5203 therapy makes only minimal but not statistically significant improvement in all @entity66 , @entity159 and DNA damage parameters.

title: Effect of @entity5203 monotherapy on oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage in XXXX with @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['total oxidant status', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['total antioxidant status', 'TAS']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The approved immunomodulatory agents for the treatment of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) are only partially effective. It is thought that the combination of immunomodulatory and neuroprotective strategies is necessary to prevent or reverse disease progression. Irradiation with far red/near infrared light, termed photobiomodulation, is a therapeutic approach for @entity179 . Data suggests that near-infrared light functions through neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. We sought to investigate the clinical effect of photobiomodulation in the @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) model of @entity15 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The clinical effect of photobiomodulation induced by 670 nm light was investigated in the C57BL/6 @entity19 model of @entity6503 . Disease was induced with @entity6504 ( @entity6504 ) according to standard laboratory protocol. @entity19 received 670 nm light or no light treatment (sham) administered as suppression and treatment protocols. 670 nm light reduced disease severity with both protocols compared to sham treated @entity19 . Disease amelioration was associated with down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-y, @entity5 @entity39 factor-a) and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines ( @entity58 , @entity1618 ) in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These studies document the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation with 670 nm light in the @entity6503 model, in part through modulation of the immune response.

title: Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 XXXX by photobiomodulation induced by 670 nm light.

entities_list: @entity6504 :: ('17441(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein', 'MOG']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Down syndrome is a condition which extra genetic material causes delays in @entity1 development, both mentally and physically. Strengthening the study of the neural defects of DS is of great significance. METHODS: @entity20213 @entity19 were used in this study. We removed the brain and isolated their hippocampus. We customized 54 genes in one PCR arrays, included some important genes related to @entity195 . The expression of genes were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: PCR arrays contained 54 genes related to @entity195 . After real-time PCR, three genes ( @entity65451 , @entity65452 ) expressed differently in the hippocampus of @entity20213 , compared with the normal @entity19 . @entity65451 was decreased significantly, while @entity65452 were increased obviously. The levels of fold-changes of @entity65451 , @entity65452 were 86.19, 4.49 and 2.89 respectively. Significantly different levels of expression were found in the @entity20213 @entity19 compared with the normal control group (P=0.00 for @entity65451 , P=0.02 for @entity15370 , P=0.01 for Mapt respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There are differential expressed genes in the hippocampus of @entity20213 @entity19 that may be closely related to @entity195 . PCR array technology was used in the screening and identification of these genes.

title: Whether XXXX related genes also differently express in the hippocampus of @entity20213 @entity19 ?

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the survival rates of endosseous implants placed in the @entity5386 of @entity1 in whom bone augmentation was undertaken prior to or in conjunction with implant placement with survival rates in @entity1 who did not undergo bone augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 2 retrospective @entity1 groups: the graft group, which included 64 @entity1 with 437 implants, and the nongraft group, which included 118 @entity1 with 683 implants. The @entity1 were treated consecutively between 1990 and 1996. In addition, the retrospective @entity1 groups were also followed prospectively using a standardized clinical and radiographic study design. RESULTS: The implant survival rate was 75.1% for the graft group and 84.0% for the nongraft group after a mean follow-up of 5 to 6 years, a statistically significant difference. However, there was no difference with regard to the prosthesis survival rate, and after reoperation, more grafted @entity1 had a fixed prosthesis at the end of the study (87.5% versus 85.3%). Implant failure appeared to be related to the original jawbone volume in the anterior regions. In the premolar region, where the inlay graft technique was used, the implant survival rate for the graft group was comparable to that of the nongraft group. The graft group had significantly more failures than the nongraft group in the incisor region, but not in the @entity235 , premolar, or molar regions. DISCUSSION: The majority of implant failures occurred before loading. Occlusal overload during the healing period may have been a causative factor. CONCLUSIONS: The overall implant survival rate was lower in grafted maxillae than in nongrafted maxillae after a mean of 5 to 6 years of follow-up. Analysis revealed that jawbone volume in the anterior regions at the start of treatment was directly related to implant survival rates in both groups: the greater the volume, the higher the survival rate. Moreover, the implant survival rate was similar in grafted posterior @entity5386 of classes V and VI and in nongrafted posterior @entity5386 of classes III and IV.

title: Survival analysis of endosseous implants in grafted and nongrafted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5386 :: ('MESH:D007575', 'Disease') :: ['edentulous maxillae']

answer: @entity5386 :: (MESH:D007575,Disease) :: ['edentulous maxillae']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the reproducibility of the static pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system by using a "mini-syringe" technique; to assess the temporal change in upper ( @entity2416 ) and @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) measured from pressure-volume curves of the respiratory system; to assess the inter- and intraobserver variability in detection of the @entity2416 and @entity1166 in @entity1 with @entity647 ( @entity647 )/acute @entity649 ( @entity649 ); and to compare the syringe and multiple occlusion techniques for determining @entity1166 and @entity2416 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Academic medical-surgical critical care unit. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 with @entity647 or @entity649 . INTERVENTIONS: Static inspiratory pressure-volume curves of the respiratory system were determined twice on day 1 of diagnosis of @entity647 / @entity649 and then once daily for up to 6 days by using the syringe technique. Pressure-volume curves were determined from zero positive end-expiratory pressure. At each time point, three separate measurements of the pressure-volume curve were made to determine reproducibility. A 100-mL graduated syringe was used to inflate @entity1 ' lungs with 50- to 100-mL increments up to an airway pressure of 45 cm @entity2507 or a total volume of 2 L; each volume step was maintained for 2-3 secs until a plateau airway pressure was recorded. On day 1, the static pressure-volume curve also was determined by using the multiple occlusion technique. In a random and blinded sequence, the pressure-volume curves were examined visually by three critical care physicians on three different occasions, to determine the intra- and interobserver variability in visual detection of the @entity1166 and @entity2416 . Observers were given objective instructions to visually identify @entity1166 and @entity2416 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were enrolled, with a total of 134 pressure-volume curves generated. @entity1166 and @entity2416 could be detected in 90-94% and 61-68% of curves, respectively. When the three successive pressure-volume curves were compared, both the @entity1166 and @entity2416 were within 3 cm @entity2507 in >65% of curves. The index of reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) in @entity1166 and @entity2416 was 0.92 and 0.89 for interobserver variability and 0.90 and 0.88 for intraobserver variability. Daily variability was as high as 7 cm @entity2507 for @entity1166 and 5 cm @entity2507 for @entity2416 . When pressure-volume curves obtained by using the multiple occlusion and syringe techniques were compared, @entity1166 was within 2 cm @entity2507 , and @entity2416 was within 4 cm @entity2507 with the two techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The static pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system is reasonably reproducible, thus avoiding the need for multiple measurements at a single time. We found excellent interobserver and intraobserver correlation in manual identification of the @entity1166 and @entity2416 . Both @entity1166 and @entity2416 show appreciable daily variability in @entity1 with @entity647 / @entity649 . The multiple occlusion and syringe techniques generate similar values for @entity1166 and @entity2416 .

title: Temporal change, reproducibility, and interobserver variability in pressure-volume curves in adults with @entity647 and acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['LIP', 'lower inflection points']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: As the primary cause of @entity2 , whether smoking confers the same risk of @entity2 for @entity1 as @entity1 is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to compare male and female susceptibility for cigarette smoking-attributable @entity2 . METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching articles published up to July 2013 in three online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database). All studies estimated the association of cigarette smoking with the risk of @entity2 between @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. A random effects model with inverse variance weighting was used to pool data. Male to female ratio of relative risk (RRR) was calculated to compare male and female susceptibility for cigarette smoking-attributable @entity2 . RESULTS: 47 articles containing 404,874 individuals were included in the final analysis. Compared with non-smokers, male to female RRR was 1.61 (95%CI: 1.37, 1.89) among current smokers. Based on pathological type, @entity420 had the highest RRR (1.42; 95%CI: 0.86, 2.35), followed by @entity5 and @entity151 . Furthermore, compared with non-smoking @entity1 , current smoking @entity1 had higher risk of @entity2 than @entity1 in spite of smoking quantity, smoking duration or years since quitting. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that males had higher susceptibility for cigarette smoking-attributable @entity2 than females. It is contradicted with traditional opinion that females would be more easily suffered from cigarette smoking-attributable health problems than males. Hence, @entity286 control is very crucial in both males and females.

title: Gender susceptibility for cigarette smoking-attributable XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine the impact of expanded newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry ( @entity15 / @entity15 ) on the overall detection rate of @entity2246 in Germany and to assess the outcome for the @entity1 that were diagnosed. METHODS: During the period of study, 250,000 neonates in a German population were investigated for 23 @entity2246 by electrospray ionization- @entity15 / @entity15 . The overall value of the screening program was estimated by 1) complete ascertainment of all positive tests; 2) definite assignment of all diagnoses including reconfirmation at 12 months; and 3) clinical follow-up of all detected @entity1 in an overall interval of 42 months. The mean observation period was 13.5 months per @entity1 . RESULTS: In 106 newborns, confirmed @entity2246 were found. The disorders were classified as 50 classic forms and 56 variants. A total of 825 tests (0.33%) were false-positives. Seventy of the 106 newborns with confirmed disorders were judged to require treatment. Six @entity1 developed symptoms despite treatment. Three @entity1 had died. Among 9 @entity1 who became symptomatic before report of the results of screening, in 6 the diagnosis had been made in advance of the screening report. In evaluation of the screening program, 61 of the 106 identified @entity1 (58% of true-positives, or 1 of 4100 healthy newborns) were judged to have benefited from screening and treatment, because the diagnosis had not been made before screening. None of these @entity1 had died and none developed @entity1155 or metabolic crisis during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The screening by @entity15 / @entity15 for up to 23 additional disorders has approximately doubled the detection rate compared with that achieved by the conventional methods used in Germany. This strategy represents valuable preventive medicine by enabling diagnosis and treatment before the onset of symptoms.

title: Expanded newborn screening for XXXX by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry: results, outcome, and implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity2246 :: (MESH:D008661,Disease) :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the primary and secondary patency rates for @entity850 , with or without superimposed @entity715 , of @entity2548 treated with angioplasty and to compare it with National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative treatment guidelines for stenosed and occluded @entity2548 (50% primary patency rate at 12 months). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis, covering a period of 5(1/2) years. Forty-three hemodialysis @entity1 were referred due to secondary @entity409 , and angiography was diagnostic of a @entity75 . Interventions consisted of standard angioplasty techniques along with thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy and intravascular stent placement as needed. Follow-up was performed at the attending dialysis center, and repeat angiography was performed as clinically required. RESULTS: Immediate postprocedural angiography demonstrated an angiographic success rate of 98%. Clinical success, with at least one session of normal dialysis, occurred in 95% of interventions. Primary patency rates at 12 months for the stenosed and stenosed/thrombosed @entity292 were 56% and 64%, respectively. Secondary patency rates at 12 months were 64% and 63%, respectively. Half of the stenosed @entity292 were patent at 1.5 years, 28% were patent at 4 years, and 13% remained patent at 6 years. No major complications were documented. Four minor complications, which did not require therapy, were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The results achieved are comparable to those reported for interventions at nonjuxtaanastomotic sites and exceed those quoted by the National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. Angioplastic interventions in a juxtaanastomatic area of @entity2548 are safe, promote prolonged patency, and postpone the need for surgical intervention or creation of a new @entity292 .

title: Endovascular interventions of @entity850 and @entity715 of hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['juxtaanastomotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulas', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fistula dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['juxtaanastomotic stenoses']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: Mammographic mass screening for @entity0 that would grow so slowly that the @entity1 concerned would die from other causes before developing noteworthy symptoms. This "overdiagnosis" unnecessarily exposes @entity1 to @entity5 treatments and their adverse effects. To assess the risk of overdiagnosis during mammographic mass screening for @entity0 , we conducted a review of the literature using the standard Prescrire methodology. The most reliable estimates of overdiagnosis are obtained by deduction, based on data from randomised trials with lengthy post-screening follow-up. A randomised trial in Sweden and two in Canada compared screening versus no screening, and monitored the @entity1 for an average of 15 and 17 years after the end of screening. For every 10 000 @entity1 who were screened, there were 63 cases of @entity0 in the Swedish trial and 26 in the Canadian trials, representing about 25% of all @entity5 diagnosed by screening. This rate of overdiagnosis is probably on the low side, as about 20% of the @entity1 in the unscreened control groups had at least one mammogram. Studies of the general female population confirm that mammographic mass screening leads to overdiagnosis, but the results add little to those of randomised trials. In 2015, the most reliable estimate is that at least 25% of @entity0 detected by screening mammography are overdiagnosed. In France, at least 19 @entity0 would be overdiagnosed for every 1000 @entity1 screened during a 20-year period, corresponding to a total of about 3800 overdiagnosed @entity5 for each year of mass screening. @entity1 must be informed of the risk of overdiagnosis and its consequences in terms of unnecessary treatment, along with other factors influencing the harm-benefit balance. See page 190 for our proposals on how to inform @entity1 wondering whether or not to undergo mammographic screening.

title: Mammographic screening for XXXX . Overdiagnosis: an insidious adverse effect of screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer sometimes detects tumours', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast cancer overdiagnosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High amounts of dietary @entity948 may contribute to @entity2299 in adults, but there are few data in @entity1 . Childhood adiposity is associated with smaller LDL particle size, but the dietary predictors of LDL size in overweight @entity1 have not been studied. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine whether LDL particle size is associated with dietary factors and specifically with @entity948 intake in normal-weight and overweight @entity1 . DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study of normal-weight and overweight 6-14 y-old Swiss @entity1 (n = 74), dietary intakes were assessed by using two 24-h-recalls and a 1-d dietary record. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were measured, and plasma lipid profile and LDL particle size were determined. RESULTS: Compared with the normal-weight group, overweight @entity1 had significantly higher plasma @entity1674 concentrations, lower HDL- @entity165 concentrations, and smaller LDL particle size (P < 0.05). LDL particle size was inversely correlated to BMI SD scores and WHR (P = 0.007). Although there were no significant differences in total @entity948 intake, the overweight @entity1 consumed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage of @entity948 from sweets and sweetened drinks than did the normal-weight @entity1 . After control for adiposity, the only dietary factor that was a significant predictor of LDL particle size was total @entity948 intake (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: In school-age @entity1 , greater total and central adiposity are associated with smaller LDL particle size and lower HDL @entity165 . Overweight @entity1 consume more @entity948 from sweets and sweetened drinks than do normal-weight @entity1 , and higher @entity948 intake predicts smaller LDL particle size.

title: XXXX intake is a predictor of LDL particle size in overweight schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity948 :: (MESH:D005632,Chemical) :: ['Fructose']


abstract: Oscillations of arterial pressure occur spontaneously at a frequency of approximately 0.1 Hz coupled with @entity7158 of sympathetic nerve activity ("Mayer waves"). This study investigated the extent to which corresponding oscillations may occur in ventricular action potential duration (APD). Fourteen ambulatory (outpatient) @entity712 @entity1 with biventricular pacing devices were studied while seated upright watching movie clips to maintain arousal. Activation recovery intervals ( @entity10916 ) as a measure of ventricular APD were obtained from unipolar electrograms recorded from the LV epicardial pacing lead during steady state RV pacing from the device. Arterial blood pressure was measured non-invasively (Finapress) and respiration monitored. Oscillations were quantified using time frequency and coherence analysis. Oscillatory behavior of @entity10916 at the respiratory frequency was observed in all subjects. The magnitude of the @entity10916 variation ranged from 2.2 to 6.9 ms (mean 5.0 ms). Coherence analysis showed a correlation with @entity1576 for an average of 43% of the recording time at a significance level of p < 0.05. Oscillations in systolic blood pressure in the Mayer wave frequency range were observed in all subjects for whom blood pressure was recorded (n = 13). @entity10916 oscillation in the Mayer wave frequency range was observed in 6/13 subjects (46%) over a range of 2.9 to 9.2 ms. Coherence with Mayer waves at the p < 0.05 significance level was present for an average of 29% of the recording time. In ambulatory @entity1 with @entity712 during enhanced mental arousal, left @entity67 ( @entity10916 ) oscillated at the respiratory frequency (approximately 0.25 Hz). In 6 @entity1 (46%) APD oscillated at the slower Mayer wave frequency (approximately 0.1 Hz). These findings may be important in understanding sympathetic activity-related arrhythmogenesis.

title: Oscillatory behavior of ventricular action potential duration in @entity712 XXXX at respiratory rate and low frequency.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous oscillations']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory oscillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular epicardial APD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Vaccination coverage for vaccine-preventable diseases in Austria as well as in many Central European countries has been reported to be too low to eradicate such diseases and prevent further outbreaks. Austria lacks an adequate surveillance system to monitor prevalence of the diseases, the vaccination coverage and seroconversion. School @entity1 aged 10-14 years (n = 1077) were recruited in all four schools in the city of Schwaz, Austria, to present their vaccination documents and to give blood for serological testing ( @entity7394 , @entity5695 , measles, mumps, @entity2462 ). All @entity1 received a report with a personal guideline for (re-) vaccination. Overall vaccination coverage was 86.4% for measles, 85.5% for mumps and 35.0% for @entity2462 . @entity116 vaccination coverage was 98.4% for the first, 97.8% for the second and 96.7% for the third dose, while 55.4% of the study subjects received the recommended two booster injections. For @entity7394 the corresponding vaccination coverage was found to be almost identical. @entity5695 coverage was lower in general (first dose: 90.9%; second dose: 89.0%; third dose: 86.5%). @entity3328 vaccination showed a coverage of 98.6, 96.5, 95.3%, with 78.7% receiving the fourth dose. Overall 38.7% were classified as fully vaccinated. Seropositivity for measles was found in 90.4%, for mumps in 61.8%, for @entity2462 in 82.3%, for @entity7394 in 65.8%, for @entity5695 in 35.6% and for varicella in 95.0%. In summary, fully vaccinated @entity1 are rare and intensive public health efforts will be necessary to reach higher levels of immunity and prevent further outbreaks.

title: Fully vaccinated XXXX are rare: immunization coverage and seroprevalence in Austrian school @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['Oral poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis', 'Pertussis']

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity2462 :: ('MESH:D012409', 'Disease') :: ['rubella, varicella', 'rubella']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The principal aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of M-mode sonography as a noninvasive technique to evaluate diaphragm excursion. The secondary aim was to assess the efficacy of pneumatic abdomino-diaphragmatic belt ventilation in @entity1 with @entity1555 . Using M-mode sonography, we measured the amplitude of diaphragm excursion in seven @entity1 with @entity1555 in various positions (0 degrees, 45 degrees, 75 degrees ) with and without pneumatic abdomino-diaphragmatic belt respiratory assistance. The belt significantly increased mean amplitude of diaphragm excursion by 62% at 45 degrees and by 55% at 75 degrees, and increased mean tidal volume by 43.5% at 45 degrees and by 49% at 75 degrees. Two @entity1 were unable to tolerate the horizontal position (0 degrees ) During quiet breathing without the belt, amplitude of diaphragm excursion and tidal volume were positively correlated at 45 degrees (r=0.81; P=0.027) and 75 degrees (r=0.75; P=0.05). There was a significant intra-individual correlation between these two parameters during belt use but no inter-individual correlation. Without the belt, thoracic posture had no significant effect on amplitude of diaphragm excursion, either in quiet or deep breathing. After overnight respiratory assistance, arterial @entity26 pressure and arterial @entity26 saturation increased significantly, and arterial @entity544 pressure decreased from 52+/-6.4 to 46.4+/-4 mmHg. The pneumatic abdomino-diaphragmatic belt significantly improved gas exchanges and ventilation by increasing diaphragm excursion, as was clearly shown by noninvasive M-mode sonography. Indeed, M-mode sonography may be helpful in pneumatic abdomino-diaphragmatic belt pressure adjustment.

title: Diaphragm kinetics during pneumatic belt respiratory assistance: a sonographic study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anticonvulsant @entity2682 has proven effective for @entity9 in three large placebo-controlled clinical trials. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated antihyperalgesic effects in models @entity528 . It has been suggested that central neuronal sensitization may play an important role in @entity282 . The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of @entity2682 on @entity1286 consumption and @entity282 in @entity1 undergoing radical mastectomy. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 70 @entity1 received a single dose of oral @entity2682 (1,200 mg) or placebo 1 h before surgery. @entity1 received @entity1 -controlled analgesia with @entity1286 at doses of 2.5 mg with a lock-out time of 10 min for 4 h postoperatively. @entity158 was assessed on a visual analog scale at rest and during movement, and side effects were assessed on a four-point verbal scale 2 and 4 h postoperatively. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 in the @entity2682 group and 34 @entity1 in the placebo group completed the study. @entity2682 reduced total @entity1286 consumption from a median of 29 (interquartile range, 21-33) to 15 (10-19) mg (P< 0.0001). @entity158 during movement was reduced from 41 (31-59) to 22 (10-38) mm at 2 h postoperatively (P < 0.0001) and from 31 (12-40) to 9 (3-34) mm at 4 h postoperatively (P = 0.018). No significant differences between groups were observed with regard to @entity158 at rest or side effects. CONCLUSION: A single dose of 1,200 mg oral @entity2682 resulted in a substantial reduction in postoperative @entity1286 consumption and movement-related @entity158 after radical mastectomy, without significant side effects. These promising results should be validated in other @entity12761 models @entity528 .

title: A randomized study of the effects of single-dose @entity2682 versus placebo on XXXX and @entity1286 consumption after mastectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['involving central neuronal sensitization']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study considered the presence of @entity154 , @entity513 , area of @entity82 and, mainly, the @entity1 's age in cases of @entity2876 submitted to surgery. The present study verified the influence of these factors on the follow-up of a @entity2876 sample. METHODS: A sample of 47 @entity1 with @entity2876 was evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Their histologic specimens were stained for antibody anticytokeratin 19 and CAM 5.2 through immunohistochemistry in order to study biliary structures, and for picrosirius red to evaluate the area of @entity82 . The study of biliary structures was performed by two pathologists and the first author of the study. They were "blind" with regard to the clinical follow-up. The area of @entity82 was quantitatively evaluated. Data on the @entity1 with regard to age, @entity204 and occurrence of liver transplantation were searched on the @entity1 records. RESULTS: Age at portoenterostomy varied between 24 and 251 days of life (90.4 +/- 44.8 days) and follow-up was available in 32 cases (72%). The nine cases (19%) with extrahepatic @entity154 associated to @entity2876 did not present different prognosis from the remaining @entity1 . Age at portoenterostomy influenced the prognosis (p=0.016). The area of @entity82 was different on @entity1 aged less than 60 days and those aged more than 90 days at portoenterostomy (p=0.023), but did not influence the prognosis. The presence of @entity513 , as well, did not influence the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Age at portoenterostomy was the only factor that influenced prognosis on this sample of @entity2876 . It is necessary to increase the @entity2876 sample to check the influence of @entity154 on the follow-up post-portoenterostomy.

title: [Factors related to the post-portoenterostomy prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies', 'congenital extrahepatic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal plate malformation']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 138 Background: Whether @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) remains elusive. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertook to establish the relationship between TIL and pathological complete response (pCR) rate in NAC of @entity0 . A PubMed and Web of Science literature search was designed. Studies were included, in which the predictive significance of intratumoral and/or stromal TIL, and/or CD3+, @entity404 +, @entity405 +, and @entity403 + lymphocytes were determined . Pooled ORs and publication bias was evaluated by STATA software. RESULTS: A total of 13 published studies (including 3,555 @entity1 ) were eligible. In pooled analysis, higher number of TIL in pre-treatment biopsy was correlated with higher pCR rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and odds ratio (OR) was 3.82 (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.10-4.70), no matter tested in intratumor (OR=3.32, 95% CI: 2.52-4.37), in stroma (OR=4.15,95% CI: 2.94-5.86), or in combined sites (OR=8.98, 95% CI: 3.79,21.30). Moreover, TIL predicts higher pCR rate in triple negative (OR=5.03,95% CI: 2.31-10.97) and @entity1722 + (OR=5.54,95% CI: 1.39-22.12) @entity1 , but not in hormonal receptor (HR) +/ @entity1722 - @entity1 (OR=2.57, 95% CI: 0.20-33.24). For TIL subsets, @entity405 + T-lymphocytes predict better pathological response to NAC no matter in pre- (OR=3.36,95%CI: 1.15-9.85) or post-NAC (OR=4.71,95%CI: 1.29-17.27) tissue, while @entity403 + T-lymphocytes have similar predictive roles only when tested after NAC (OR=4.26, 95%CI: 1.83-9.92).With limited study, the predictive role of CD3+ and @entity404 +T-lymphoctes were unclear, more perspective studies were needed in future to establish the relationship. CONCLUSIONS: High level of TIL in pre-treatment biopsy could be a good marker indicates better pathological response to NAC in triple-negative and @entity1722 + @entity0 @entity1 . Different subsets have different predictive roles in the pCR rate to NAC. However, significant heterogeneity and an insufficient number of studies underscore the need for further prospective studies on subsets of T lymphocytes and different subtypes of @entity0 to increase the robustness of the analyses.

title: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in XXXX : A systemic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity356 is classified into intestinal and diffuse types, which exhibit different biological behavior. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity2290 ), its receptor ( @entity10431 ) and @entity28403 are considered to play important roles in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . We have already suggested a functional duality of these matrix-degrading enzymes/factors; they may also be involved in the matrix turnover (remodeling) or host immune/inflammatory reactions as far as they are expressed by host cells. We performed a retrospective study on the immuno-histochemical expression of these enzymes/factors in surgical specimens from @entity1 with @entity356 , including 26 with the diffuse and 78 with the intestinal type. We also evaluated macrophages since they are major sources of @entity10431 . The positivity rate for @entity2290 in @entity5 cells was significantly lower in diffuse-type than in intestinal-type. Stromal expression was seen mainly along the invasive margin ( @entity5 -host interface). The degree of stromal expression of @entity10431 and @entity1495 and the macrophage number were markedly decreased in diffuse-type compared with intestinal-type. Stromal expression of @entity10431 and macrophage number in intestinal-type were higher in @entity1 without liver @entity3 than in @entity1 with liver @entity3 , while @entity2290 expression in @entity5 cells was more pronounced in @entity1 with liver @entity3 . Studies using frozen sections revealed that the expression of @entity3334 , restricted to the stromal area, was more decreased in diffuse-type (18 @entity1 ) than in intestinal-type (21 @entity1 ). Our results show that the in situ expression of matrix-degrading enzymes/factors in @entity356 is significantly more diminished in diffuse-type than in intestinal-type, suggesting a multifunctional aspect of the matrix-degradation process in @entity5 tissue.

title: Differing expression of @entity28403 between diffuse- and intestinal-type XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity28403 :: ('4312;4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1 and -9']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: @entity978 belong to the most curable @entity5 diseases in adults. About 80% of @entity1 in all anatomical stages and of all histological subtypes can be cured with modern treatment strategies. In spite of the great clinical progress, the pathogenesis of this peculiar lymphoproliferative entity has not been elucidated completely up until now. In Section I Drs. Stein, Hummel, and Zollinger describe the different pro-proliferative and antiapoptotic pathways and molecules involved in the transformation of the germinal center B-lymphocyte to the malignant Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cell. They use a comprehensive gene expression profiling (Affymetrix gene chip U133A) on B- and T-Hodgkin cell lines and state that the cell of origin is not the dominant determinant of the Hodgkin cell phenotype, but the transforming event. H-RS cells lack specific functional markers (B-T-cell receptors) and physiologically should undergo apoptosis. Why they do not is unclear and a matter of intensive ongoing research. In Section II Dr. Diehl summarizes the commonly used primary treatment strategies adapted to prognostic strata in early, intermediate and advanced anatomical stages using increasing intensities of chemotherapy (two, four, eight courses of chemotherapy such as ABVD) and additive radiation with decreased doses and field size. ABVD is without doubt the gold standard for early and intermediate stages, but its role as the standard regimen for advanced stages is challenged by recent data with time- and dose-intensified regimens such as the escalated BEACOPP, demonstrating superiority over COPP/ABVD (equivalent to ABVD) for FFTF and OS in all risk strata according to the International Prognostic Score. In Section III, Dr. Connors states that fortunately there is a considerably decreased need for salvage strategies in @entity978 since primary treatment results in a more than 80% @entity5 control. Nevertheless, a significant number of @entity1 experience either a @entity5 refractory to therapy or an early or late relapse. Therefore, one of the continuing challenges in the care for @entity978 today is to find effective modes for a second @entity5 control. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell support has proved to be the treatment of choice when disseminated @entity5 recur after primary chemo- and or radiotherapy. Nodal relapses respond well to local radiation when they recur outfield of primary radiation without @entity1109 and in stages I-II at relapse. Allogeneic stem cell support needs further intensive evaluation in controlled studies to become an established alternative.

title: XXXX : biology and treatment strategies for primary, refractory, and relapsed disease.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are controversies about the benefits of prophylactic antibiotics in the prevention of postoperative @entity281 ( @entity281 ) in mesh herniorrhaphy for a long time. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of systemic prophylactic @entity7048 in prevention of @entity2737 in various types of @entity547 repair with mesh materials. METHODS: This is a prospective randomized control study. We evaluated @entity2737 rates in 395 @entity1 with various kinds of @entity547 who underwent elective mesh repair using @entity7502 mesh from 2007 to 2011. A total of 237 (60.0%) @entity1 received prophylactic @entity7048 (study group) and the remaining 158 (40.0%) @entity1 did not receive any prophylactic antibiotics (control group). @entity1 were followed for @entity281 at the following periods after the operation by an independent surgeon: 10 days, 30 days, 12 months, and then annually for at least 2 years. RESULTS: Eight (2.03%) @entity1 had @entity281 in the site of surgery [2 (1.27%) in the control group and 6 (2.53%) in the study group]. The distribution of @entity281 was not significantly different between the two groups (p  =  0.364). The superficial infections were managed by drainage and irrigation. One @entity1 from the study group developed deep @entity281 and was readmitted and subsequently received antibiotic therapy, drainage, and debridement. CONCLUSION: Preoperative administration of single-dose @entity7048 for prosthetic @entity547 repairs did not markedly decrease the risk of @entity2737 . Our results do not support the use of @entity7048 as a prophylactic antibiotic for various kinds of @entity4036 repair with mesh.

title: The role of prophylactic @entity7048 in the prevention of @entity281 after various types of XXXX repair with mesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall hernia']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'surgical site infection', 'SSI']

answer: @entity4036 :: (MESH:D046449,Disease) :: ['abdominal wall hernia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of preoperative MRI for the staging of @entity1843 ( @entity1843 ) lesions of the knee and the talus in juvenile @entity1 , using arthroscopy as the gold standard of diagnosis. METHODS: Sixty-three juvenile @entity1 (range 8-16  years) with an @entity1843 of the knee or the talus underwent arthroscopy after MRI. In 54/9 out of 63 cases, 1.5/3  T MR scanners were used. The @entity1843 stage was classified according the staging criteria of Dipaola et al. Arthroscopic findings were compared with MRI reports in each @entity1 . RESULTS: From the 63 juvenile @entity1 , MRI/arthroscopy revealed a stage I @entity1843 in 4/19 @entity1 , stage II in 31/22 @entity1 , stage III in 22/9 @entity1 and stage IV in 6/6 @entity1 . No osteochondral pathology was evident in arthroscopy in seven out of 63 @entity1 . The overall accuracy of preoperative MRI in staging an @entity1843 lesion of the knee or the talus was 41.3  %. In 33 out of 63 @entity1 (52.4  %), arthroscopy revealed a lower @entity1843 stage than in the preoperative MRI grading, and in four out of 63 cases (6.4  %), the intraoperative arthroscopic grading was worse than in preoperative MRI prior to surgery. The utilization of the 3  T MRI provided a correct diagnosis with 44.4  %. CONCLUSIONS: Even with today's modern MRI scanners, it is not possible to predict an accurate @entity1843 stage in @entity1 . The @entity1 's orthopaedist should not solely rely on the MRI when it comes to the decision to further conservative or surgical treatment of a juvenile @entity1843 , but rather should take surgical therapy in consideration within persisting symptoms despite a low @entity1843 stage provided by MRI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Discrepancy between morphological findings in @entity1843 ( XXXX ): a comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'osteochondritis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['OCD']