abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several studies have reported improved survival after adrenalectomy in @entity1 with adrenal metastases from @entity2 . In this study, we evaluated the clinical results of radiotherapy performed for local control in @entity1 with this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 19 @entity1 with adrenal @entity3 from @entity2 , who were treated by radiation therapy between 1999 and 2008. The @entity1 included 18 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , and had a mean age of 63 years. Adrenal @entity3 was defined as synchronous and metachronous in 11 and 8 @entity1 , respectively. All @entity5 were asymptomatic with a median size of 30 mm, and were treated with doses of 30 to 60 Gy (median, 45 Gy) in 1 to 27 fractions (median, 10 fractions). RESULTS: The estimated overall 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates for all @entity1 were 56%, 33%, and 22%, respectively. More favorable prognosis was observed for @entity1 with a metachronous @entity3 , with overall 1-, 2-, and 5- year survival rates following adrenal irradiation of 83%, 56%, and 56%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that radiotherapy may contribute to survival of @entity1 with adrenal @entity3 from @entity2 . We suggest that radiotherapy is a treatment option that can be used in addition to surgical resection.

title: Role of radiotherapy for local control of asymptomatic adrenal XXXX from @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity775 ( @entity775 ) is a chronic @entity409 associated with interface @entity99 , the presence of autoantibodies, regulatory T  -cell dysfunction and raised plasma liver enzyme levels. The present study assessed the hepatoprotective and antiapoptotic role of farnesoid  X receptor ( @entity19005 ) in @entity775 . a @entity19 model of @entity775 was induced by treatment with concanavalin  A (ConA). The @entity19005 agonist, @entity10140 ( @entity13656 ), was administered to @entity19 exhibiting ConA  -induced @entity99 and a normal control. Blood samples were obtained to detect the levels of aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines. Liver specimens were collected, and @entity1710  - @entity1711 staining was used for histopathological examination and detection. Apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase  -mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression levels of apoptosis  -associated genes and proteins were determined by reverse transcription  -quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The results demonstrated that @entity19005 was downregulated at the mRNA and protein level in the liver specimens of @entity19 induced with ConA  -induced @entity99 . Increased levels of aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines, including interferon  -y, @entity5 @entity39 factor  -a, @entity58 and @entity2047 , were detected in ConA  -treated @entity19 . The @entity19 pretreated with the @entity19005 agonist, @entity13656 , were more resistant to ConA @entity99 , as indicated by reduced levels of @entity3929 transaminase/ @entity5906 aminotransferase and aminotransferases. The activation of @entity19005 ameliorated hepatocyte apoptosis, as demonstrated by TUNEL analysis and downregulation of the Fas/Fas ligand, @entity5 @entity39 factor  -related apoptosis  -inducing ligand and caspase  -3. Taken together, @entity19005 activation ameliorated @entity99 and suppressed inflammatory cytokines in ConA  -induced @entity99 . @entity19005 , therefore, exerts a protective role against ConA-induced apoptosis.

title: Activated farnesoid  X receptor attenuates apoptosis and XXXX in @entity775 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'Autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: To assess the prognostic indicators preoperatively presenting and influencing the mortality rate following esophagectomy for @entity418 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective cohort study, conducted at the Department of Surgery, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from 1 January 2003 till 31 December 2008. Group 1 included @entity1 who had undergone sub-total esophagectomy and were alive at completion of 12 months; whereas Group 2 included those @entity1 who died by the completion of 12 months. Data were recollected from the Data Bank. A list of variables common to all @entity1 from both groups was categorized and subsequently all data related to each individual @entity1 were placed and analyzed on the version 13.0 of SPSS R for Windows. RESULTS: Significant findings of a lower mean level of serum albumin from Group 2 were observed, whereas serum @entity69 levels, also found lower in Group 2, were not statistically significant. Findings of serum pre-albumin, with a mean value of 16.12 mg/dl (P < 0.05) and Geansler's index for the evaluation of the presence of @entity3885 prior to surgery showed a lower reading of mean ratio in Group 2. Anastamotic leak was not a common finding in the entire study. In most cases, the choice of conduit was the remodeled stomach. Nine @entity1 from Group 2 were observed with evident leak on the fifth to seventh post-operative day following contrast swallow studies. This was statistically insignificant (P = 0.051) on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Pre-operative variables including weight loss, low serum albumin and pre-albumin, Geansler's index, postoperative chylothorax, @entity1143 , and hospital stay, are predictive of mortality in @entity1 who undergo esophagectomy for @entity418 .

title: Prognostic indicators of surgery for XXXX : a 5 year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Anti- @entity375 cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) have been described in many @entity792 in which there is an increased intestinal permeability. Also in @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), there is an increased intestinal permeability. Since no data are available about ASCA in @entity1723 , we evaluated, retrospectively, the frequency of ASCA in this disease. ASCA, IgG, and IgA, were determined by ELISA in sera of 224 @entity1723 @entity1 in which @entity66 has been excluded and 157 healthy control group. The frequency of ASCA (IgG or IgA) was significantly higher in @entity1723 @entity1 than in the control group (24.5% vs. 2.5%, p < 10(-7)). The same observation was found in @entity1 and in adult @entity1 when we compare them to healthy @entity1 and blood donors group respectively. Compared to @entity1 , adult @entity1 with @entity1723 showed significantly higher frequencies of ASCA of any isotype (38% vs. 13.7%, p < 10(-4)), both ASCA IgG and IgA (12% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.002), ASCA IgG (35% vs. 9.8%, p < 10(-5)) and ASCA IgA (15% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001). The frequency of ASCA was statistically higher in females of all @entity1723 than in males (30.8% vs.17.7%, p = 0.03), in @entity1 than in @entity1 (22% vs.6.2%, p = 0.017), and significantly higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (35.7% vs. 6.2%, p < 10(-4)). The frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher than that of ASCA IgA in all @entity1723 @entity1 (21% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.002), in all females (26.5% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.002), in @entity1 (37.9% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). The frequency of ASCA was significantly higher in all long-term @entity1723 than in an inaugural @entity1723 (29% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.019). The same observation was found in adults (45.8% vs. 17.8%, p = 0.01). In long-term @entity1723 @entity1 , ASCA were significantly more frequent in adults than @entity1 (45.8% vs. 14.5%, p < 10(-4)). The frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher in long-term @entity1723 than in an inaugural @entity1723 (25.2% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.03). @entity1 with @entity1723 had a high frequency of ASCA.

title: Anti- XXXX cerevisiae antibodies are frequent in @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massive endoprostheses provide orthopaedic oncologists with many reconstructive options after @entity5 resection, although failure rates are high. Because the number of these procedures is limited, failure of these devices has not been studied or classified adequately. This investigation is a multicenter review of the use of segmental endoprostheses with a focus on the modes, frequency, and timing of failure. METHODS: Retrospective reviews of the operative databases of five institutions identified 2174 skeletally mature @entity1 who received a large endoprosthesis for @entity5 resection. @entity1 who had failure of the endoprosthesis were identified, and the etiology and timing of failure were noted. Similar failures were tabulated and classified on the basis of the risk of amputation and urgency of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed to identify dependent relationships among mode of failure, anatomic location, and failure timing. A literature review was performed, and similar analyses were done for these data. RESULTS: Five hundred and thirty-four failures were identified. Five modes of failure were identified and classified: soft-tissue failures (Type 1), @entity1349 (Type 2), structural failures (Type 3), @entity281 (Type 4), and @entity5 progression (Type 5). The most common mode of failure in this series was @entity281 ; in the literature, it was @entity1349 . Statistical @entity734 was found between anatomic location and mode of failure and between mode of failure and time to failure. Significant differences were found in the incidence of failure mode Types 1, 2, 3, and 4 when polyaxial and uniaxial joints were compared. Significant @entity734 was also found between failure mode and anatomic location in the literature data. CONCLUSIONS: There are five primary modes of endoprosthetic failure, and their relative incidences are significantly different and dependent on anatomic location. Mode of failure and time to failure also show a significant @entity734 . Because of these relationships, cumulative reporting of segmental failures should be avoided because anatomy-specific trends will be missed. Endoprosthetic design improvements should address failure modes specific to the anatomic location.

title: Failure mode classification for XXXX endoprostheses: retrospective review of five institutions and a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Physiological characteristics of insects can influence their susceptibility to @entity364 of which age and nutritional status are among the most important. An understanding of host-pathogen interaction with respect to these physiological characteristics of the host is essential if we are to develop fungal formulations capable of reducing @entity311 transmission under field conditions. Here, two independent bioassays were conducted to study the effect of age and blood-feeding status on @entity364 and survival of @entity313 s.s. Giles. Mosquitoes were exposed to 2   10(10) conidia m(-2) of oil-formulated @entity20703 ICIPE-30 and of @entity20702 I93-825, respectively, and their survival was monitored daily. Three age groups of mosquitoes were exposed, 2-4, 5-8, and 9-12 days since emergence. Five groups of different feeding status were exposed: non-blood-fed, 3, 12, 36, and 72 h post-blood feeding. @entity364 reduced the survival of mosquitoes regardless of their age and blood-feeding status. Although older mosquitoes died relatively earlier than younger ones, age did not tend to affect mosquito susceptibility to @entity364 . Non-blood-fed mosquitoes were more susceptible to @entity364 compared to all categories of blood-fed mosquitoes, except for those exposed to @entity20702 72 h post-blood feeding. In conclusion, formulations of @entity20703 and @entity20702 can equally affect mosquitoes of different age classes, with them being relatively more susceptible to @entity364 when non-blood-fed.

title: Infection of XXXX mosquitoes with entomopathogenic fungi: effect of host age and blood-feeding status.

entities_list: @entity20703 :: ('5530', 'Species') :: ['Metarhizium anisopliae', 'M. anisopliae']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infection', 'fungus infection', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity20702 :: ('475271', 'Species') :: ['Beauveria bassiana', 'B. bassiana']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity313 :: (7165,Species) :: ['Anopheles gambiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and the @entity387 ( @entity387 ) and the beneficial effect of SAS treatment on @entity101 are well known. The direct effect of the continuous nocturnal administration of positive air pressure ( @entity3128 ) on blood pressure is not, however, well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood pressure (BP), plasma @entity2661 (PC) and urinary derivatives of @entity2661 (UDC) in 17 normotensive subjects (4 females; age 49 +/- 11 years) with SAS, prior to and after correction of @entity386 with @entity3128 . METHODS: Twenty-four hour outpatient registry of blood pressure (OPRBP) and after nocturnal polysomnography were performed both basal and during @entity3128 administration for two nights. Urine was collected over these 24 hour period for measurement of UDC. At 7 hours a blood sample was collected for measurement of PC. RESULTS: SAS was corrected by @entity3128 in all the @entity1 with a reduction in mean BP (24 h: 87 +/- 6 vs 84 +/- 6 mmHg, p < 0.05, diurnal, 90 +/- 6 vs 87 +/- 6 mmHg, p < 0.05, nocturnal, 84 +/- 6 vs 82 +/- 7 mmHg, NS) and the percentage of diastolic BP > 90 mmHg (24 h: 10 +/- 7 mmHg vs 6.5 +/- 6 mmHg, p < 0.01, diurnal, 15 +/- 10 vs 10 +/- 10 mmHg, p < 0.05, nocturnal 5.2 vs 5 vs 3 +/- 4 mmHg, p < 0.05). The plasma @entity2661 tended to reduce, although not significantly, without changes of urinary metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant decrease in blood pressure with the administration of continuous positive air pressure even in normotensive @entity1 . An early correction of @entity387 may reduce the high prevalence of @entity101 associated with this syndrome.

title: [Effect of suppression of XXXX on arterial pressure and plasma @entity2661 in normotensive @entity1 with @entity387 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'HBP']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome', 'SPS']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current interventions for @entity66 include traditional haemorrhoidectomy (TH) and stapled haemorrhoidopexy (SH) surgery. However, uncertainty remains as to how they compare from a clinical, quality of life (QoL) and economic perspective. The study is therefore designed to determine whether SH is more effective and more cost-effective, compared with TH. METHODS/DESIGN: eTHoS (either Traditional Haemorrhoidectomy or Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy for @entity66 ) is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Currently, 29 secondary care centres are open to recruitment. @entity1 , aged 18  year or older, with circumferential haemorrhoids grade II to IV, are eligible to take part. The primary clinical and economic outcomes are QoL profile (area under the curve derived from the EuroQol Group's 5 Dimension Health Status Questionnaire (EQ-5D) at all assessment points) and incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) based on the responses to the EQ-5D at 24  months. The secondary outcomes include a comparison of the SF-36 scores, @entity158 and symptoms sub-domains, disease recurrence, complication rates and direct and indirect costs to the National Health Service (NHS). A sample size of n =338 per group has been calculated to provide 90% power to detect a difference in the mean area under the curve (AUC) of 0.25 standard deviations derived from EQ-5D score measurements, with a two-sided significance level of 5%. Allowing for non-response, 400 @entity1 will be randomised per group. Randomisation will utilise a minimisation algorithm that incorporates centre, grade of @entity66 , baseline EQ-5D score and gender. Blinding of @entity1 and outcome assessors is not attempted. DISCUSSION: This is one of the largest trials of its kind. In the United Kingdom alone, 29,000 operations for @entity66 are done annually. The trial is therefore designed to give robust evidence on which clinicians and health service managers can base management decisions and, more importantly, @entity1 can make informed choices. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN80061723 (assigned 8 March 2010).

title: A pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial comparing stapled haemorrhoidopexy to traditional excisional surgery for XXXX (eTHoS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhoidal Disease', 'haemorrhoidal disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['haemorrhoidal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small body size at birth, as a marker of an adverse intrauterine environment, has recently emerged as an important risk factor for @entity204 from @entity65 . Our aim was to study the relationship between small size at birth and all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality, which has been poorly documented. METHODS: We studied 13 830 individuals born between 1924 and 1944 in Helsinki, Finland, at term as singletons. Dates and primary causes of @entity204 between 1971 and 1998 were obtained from the Finnish National Death Register. RESULTS: 1668 @entity1 and 671 @entity1 died during the follow-up at the mean age of 56.0 (range 26.7-74.9) years. Lower birthweight was associated with increased all-cause mortality in females (Odds ratio (OR) for 1 kg decrease in birthweight 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.49; P = 0.01) but not in males (OR 1.08; 0.96-1.19; P = 0.2; P for sex-birthweight interaction = 0.09). Similarly, short length at birth was a predictor of all-cause mortality in females (OR for 1 cm decrease 1.10; 1.05-1.15; P < 0.0001) but not in males (OR 1.01; 0.98-1.02; P = 0.4; P for sex-length at birth interaction = 0.002). Low birthweight and short length at birth predicted @entity204 in adulthood (<55 years) in both sexes. In males, @entity204 from @entity65 (n = 654) was associated with lower birthweight (OR for 1 kg decrease 1.33; 1.12-1.59; P = 0.001), and length (OR 1.05; 1.00-1.10; P = 0.03), and in females @entity204 from @entity65 (n = 179) was associated with short length at birth (OR 1.11; 1.02-1.20; P = 0.02). In females @entity204 from @entity65 was predicted by low birthweight (OR 1.25; 1.01-1.54; P = 0.04) and short length at birth (OR 1.09; 1.03-1.15; P = 0.003) (n = 475), but not in males (n = 975; P for interaction = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively). @entity5 was associated with higher birthweight (OR for 1 kg decrease 0.76; 0.61-0.95; P = 0.02) and ponderal index (OR for 1 kg/m(3) increase 0.95; 0.91-0.99; P = 0.01) in males (n = 361) but not in females (n = 269). CONCLUSIONS: Small size at birth is associated with increased all-cause mortality at all ages among adult @entity1 but only with @entity204 in adult @entity1 . Among @entity1 @entity204 from both @entity65 causes is associated with small body size at birth. Among @entity1 an association between small birthsize and later @entity65 is counterbalanced by an association between large body size at birth and later @entity5 .

title: Size at birth as a predictor of mortality in adulthood: a follow-up of 350 000 XXXX -years.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'premature death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer-related death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['person']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity882 ( @entity882 ) is complex and involves integrating both clinical and laboratory findings. Readily available diagnostic tests such as the heparin-dependant antibody assay (HDAA) lack desired specificity when utilised alone. A diagnostic algorithm incorporating the 4T pretest probability score, HDAA, and optical density (OD) value was implemented as a tool to assist in the diagnosis of @entity882 and with the decision to treat @entity1 . @entity1 with a 4T score >3 and/or positive HDAA result with an OD >= 1 were considered positive. Utilisation of this algorithm was hypothesised to improve the identification of @entity1 without SRA confirmed @entity882 and improve overall specificity compared to other diagnostic strategies. Retrospective chart review was conducted and included @entity1 with a positive or equivocal HDAA result and a @entity750 release assay result during a two-year period. Each @entity1 was evaluated for the diagnosis of @entity882 using the algorithm. The specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic algorithm to identify subjects with SRA confirmed @entity882 was evaluated. A total of 83 @entity1 were identified for inclusion in the study. The diagnostic algorithm identified 22 @entity1 for direct @entity556 inhibitor (DTI) therapy. Nine of these @entity1 were SRA positive. The sensitivity of the algorithm was 0.9 with a specificity of 0.822. The diagnostic algorithm was found to be both more specific and sensitive than other diagnostic strategies including the 4T score alone, HDAA alone, and the combination of the 4T score and HDAA results. This preliminary data suggest a diagnostic algorithm combining 4T score, HDAA, and OD value may be a tool to aid in the identification SRA positive @entity1 for DTI therapy.

title: A clinical-laboratory algorithm incorporating optical density value to predict XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'heparin-induced thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['heparin-induced thrombocytopenia']


abstract: In @entity796 , virulence determinants and biofilm formation are coordinated via a hierarchical quorum sensing cascade, which involves the transcriptional regulators LasR and @entity21811 and their cognate @entity21812 lactone activators @entity21813 [ @entity21814 ] and c4-hsl ( @entity21815 ), which are produced by LasI and RhlI, respectively. The exoenzyme S regulon of @entity796 , comprises genes for a type III secretion system and for four anti-host effector proteins (ExoS, T, U and Y), which are translocated into host cells. It is a reasonable assumption that this ExoS regulon should be downregulated in the biofilm growth state and thus should also be under the regulatory control of the Las/Rhl system. Therefore, an exoS'-gfp reporter construct was used, and the influence of the Las and Rhl quorum sensing systems and the effect of the stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS on regulation of the exoS gene was examined. Evidence is provided for downregulation of exoS during biofilm formation of @entity5175 . The rhlI mutant PDO100 and @entity21811 mutant PDO111, but not the lasI mutant PDO-JP1, showed approximately twofold upregulation of the exoS'-gfp reporter in comparison to @entity5175 . Upregulation of exoS'-gfp in the PDO100 mutant could be repressed to normal level by adding C4-HSL autoinducer, indicating a negative regulatory effect of @entity21811 /C4-HSL on exoS expression. As @entity21811 /C4-HSL is also involved in regulation of RpoS, the @entity796 rpoS mutant SS24 was examined and the exoS'-gfp reporter was found to be fivefold upregulated in comparison to @entity5175 . For the first time evidence is reported for a regulatory cascade linking @entity21811 /RhlI and RpoS with the expression of the anti-host effector ExoS, part of the exoenzyme S regulon. Moreover, these data suggest that the exoenzyme S regulon may be downregulated in @entity796 biofilms.

title: Expression of XXXX exoS is controlled by quorum sensing and RpoS.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity21812 :: ('CHEBI:15699', 'Chemical') :: ['homoserine']

entities_list: @entity21814 :: ('MESH:C109860', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone']

entities_list: @entity21815 :: ('MESH:C092312', 'Chemical') :: ['n-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of @entity227 with @entity1543 under magnification (VIAM) and colposcopy for detecting @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) to determine if VIAM can substitute colposcopy in identifying the biopsy site in screen-positive cases. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 408 symptomatic multiparous @entity1 in the reproductive age group (15-49 years) at a tertiary care teaching hospital. VIAM and colposcopy were used to screen for cervical @entity1613 . Screen-positive @entity1 underwent guided biopsy and endocervical curettage. The site of biopsy was recorded as VIAM guided or colposcopy guided. Histopathology was taken as the gold standard. RESULTS: The mean age was 32.3    6.8 years (range 15-49), whilst the mean parity was 2.9    1.2 (range 1-9). A total of 113 @entity1 screened positive. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of VIAM and colposcopy were 95, 78, 19, 99 and 79%, and 86, 79, 18, 99 and 79%, respectively for high-grade lesions. CONCLUSIONS: VIAM can be a useful alternative to colposcopy when the latter is not available, as it has better sensitivity and equivalent specificity for detecting high-grade @entity3146 .

title: Can @entity227 with @entity1543 under magnification substitute colposcopy in detecting XXXX in low-resource settings?

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual inspection']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: The prevalence of lumbar and hip pathology is on the rise; however, treatment outcomes have not improved, highlighting the difficulty in identifying and treating the @entity73 . The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical decision making in the examination and treatment of an individual with secondary hip-spine syndrome. Our case study was a 62-year-old male with @entity1643 with concomitant right hip @entity158 . His Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was 18%, back @entity158 rating scale (NPRS) was 4/10, fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) work subscale was 0, FABQ physical activity subscale was 18, and @entity1 specific functional scale (PSFS) was 7.33. Physical examination revealed findings consistent with secondary hip-spine syndrome. He was treated for four visits with joint mobilization/manipulation and strengthening exercises directed at the hip. At discharge, all standardized outcome measures achieved full resolution. Clinical decision making in the presence of @entity158 is often difficult. Previous literature has shown that some @entity1 with @entity158 respond favorably to manual therapy and exercise targeting regions adjacent to the lumbar spine. The findings of this case report suggest that individuals with a primary complaint of @entity5752 with @entity73 may benefit from interventions to reduce @entity73 .

title: Clinical decision making in a XXXX with secondary hip-spine syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['correct impairments', 'hip impairments']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['numeric pain', 'pain', 'lumbopelvic-hip pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While one prospective controlled study in medical @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) @entity1 demonstrated that sedation with @entity1875 leads to a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation compared with scheduled intermittent intravenous @entity2934 , its conclusions may not be applicable to surgical @entity1213 @entity1 and institutions not using daily sedation interruption. OBJECTIVE: To compare the duration of mechanical ventilation between medical and surgical @entity1213 @entity1 receiving @entity1875 versus scheduled intermittent @entity2934 in routine clinical practice. METHODS: Retrospective data (January 2001-December 2005) were obtained from the Project IMPACT database for medical and surgical @entity1213 @entity1 at Tufts-New England Medical Center, a 450 bed academic hospital. These @entity1 had been mechanically ventilated for 24 hours or more and had received 24 hours or more of either @entity1875 or scheduled intermittent @entity2934 as the sole sedative. Clinically relevant variables were identified a priori, and their influence on duration of mechanical ventilation was evaluated. Differences in these variables between @entity1875 and scheduled intermittent @entity2934 groups within the @entity1213 cohorts were then measured. RESULTS: Of 4608 database @entity1 , 287 met criteria. Factors associated with a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation for the medical @entity1213 cohort included sedation use for 5 or more days (OR 13.8; 95% CI 8.3 to 19.4), narcotic use (OR 7.6; 95% CI 2.3 to 13), and scheduled intermittent @entity2934 use (OR 7.0; 95% CI 0.4 to 13.7). For the surgical @entity1213 cohort, these factors included sedation use for 5 or more days (OR 15; 95% CI 11.4 to 19.4), APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score equal to or greater than 18 (OR 4.1; 95% CI 0.4 to 7.8), and scheduled intermittent @entity2934 use ( @entity14347 ; 95% CI 0.2 to 7.7). Duration of mechanical ventilation was the only variable that differed significantly between @entity1875 and scheduled intermittent @entity2934 in both the medical @entity1213 , with a median (range) of 6 (3-12) versus 11 (5-25; p = 0.03), and surgical @entity1213 , with a median of 4 (2-15) versus 9 (4-20; p = 0.001), groups. CONCLUSIONS: Sedation with @entity1875 in the naturalistic setting appears to be associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation compared with scheduled intermittent @entity2934 in both medial and surgical @entity1213 @entity1 when only one sedative drug is used. Data from this uncontrolled observational study are consistent with findings from a randomized clinical trial.

title: XXXX associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation than scheduled intermittent @entity2934 : a database analysis using Project IMPACT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['Propofol']


abstract: This paper describes the isolation and sequence of a @entity1 cDNA homologous to a class of proteins commonly referred to as 90-kDa heat-shock proteins. The complete @entity377 sequence of 2563 bp and the deduced @entity535 sequence are presented. A single long open reading frame encodes a protein of 83,303 Da, the @entity535 composition of which correlates well with that determined for the @entity1 90-kDa heat-shock or 'stress' protein [Welch, W.J. and Feramisco, J.R., J. Biol. Chem. 257 (1982) 14949-14959]. Moreover, sequence analysis of this gene reveals extensive homology with the @entity238 83-kDa and @entity375 90-kDa heat-shock proteins. A comparison of the translated product of the @entity1 cDNA to the published @entity375 90-kDa heat-shock protein reveals more than 60% homology at both the @entity377 and @entity535 levels. Several regions of 50 aa or more show greater than 90% identity. This cDNA also hybridizes with an RNA species which increases upon heat shock of HeLa cells.

title: @entity377 sequence of a cDNA for a member of the XXXX 90-kDa heat-shock protein family.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess reliability of @entity1642 ( @entity13920 )calculations using @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) dependent on @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six unruptured @entity3538 @entity439 were studied. 3D computational meshes were created from 3D digital subtraction angiographic images (Axiom Artis dBA, Siemens Medical Solutions). Transient @entity5173 simulations(Fluent, ANSYS Inc.) were performed for two inflow conditions: (1) idealized averaged waveform from normal subjects (ID) and (2) @entity1 -specific waveform (PS)measured with 2D phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Stability of calculation was assessed by comparing mean @entity13920 (< @entity13920 >), temporal @entity1642 magnitude variation (Delta @entity13920 ), and oscillatory shear index(OSI, a measure of variation in the @entity13920 direction) on the aneurysmal wall for both conditions. RESULTS: For all cases, mean relative difference (PS-ID) of @entity13920 (< @entity13920 >) was -15% (range -32% to 11%). Mean Delta @entity13920 difference was -29.3% ( -100% to 67%). Mean OSI difference was 7.5% (-12% to 40%). Large variations in histograms of these parameters were noted. CONCLUSION: For accurate calculations of @entity13920 parameters, @entity1 -specific information on physiological flow may be necessary. Results obtained with averaged or idealized flow waveforms may have to be interpreted with caution.

title: Temporal variations of @entity1642 parameters in intracranial aneurysms--importance of @entity1 -specific inflow waveforms for XXXX calculations.

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['inflow in internal carotid artery aneurysms', 'ICA']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'computational fluid dynamics']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['wall shear stress']

answer: @entity5173 :: (MESH:D065634,Disease) :: ['CFD']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Aim of study was to clarify the cytological characteristics of grade 3 @entity4348 of endometrial origin (G3 EA) by endometrial brushing cytology. METHODS: The subjects were 11 @entity1 in whom G3 EA was diagnosed by review of preoperative cytological specimens obtained at our hospital and related institutions between 2000 and 2010. These @entity1 were investigated with respect to the preoperative cytological diagnosis, background changes, cell cluster patterns, and individual cellular findings. Background changes were classified as inflammatory or tumorous, while cell clusters were classified as overlapping cell cluster, sheet-like cell cluster, clump of high dense gland, papillary, or other cell cluster. Cellular findings were investigated by comparing the incidence of squamous and clear cell metaplasia, the nuclear rounding rate, and the nuclear area with the findings in a control group (35 @entity1 with G1-2 EA). RESULTS: Background changes were classified as inflammatory in 63.6% and @entity39 in 36.4%. The cell clusters were classified as overlapping cell cluster in 44.8%, cell cluster in 21.7%, clump of high dense gland in 10.0%, papillary in 4.0%, and other cell cluster in 19.5%. The incidence of squamous and clear cell metaplasia was 27.2% and 18.1%, respectively. The mean nuclear rounding rate was 0.97, and the mean nuclear area was 55.98   m2. CONCLUSION: Investigation of the cytoarchitecture of G3 EA with endometrial brushing cytology revealed overlapping cell cluster and @entity5 cells of a relatively uniform size. These findings suggest that it is necessary to recognize that there are differences between the cytological findings of G3 EA and the usual features of G1-2 EA.

title: Cytological Study of Grade 3 XXXX of Endometrial Origin: Cytoarchitecture and Features of Cell Clusters Assessed With Endometrial Brushing Cytology -Focusing on a comparison with @entity4348 Grade 1, 2.

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Epistaxis represents one of the most common ENT emergencies. In this paper, the authors report their experience in treating some cases of severe @entity1415 by super-selective embolization of the afferent vessels of the nasal fossae. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 22 @entity1 with severe recurrent @entity1415 (1 anterior and 21 posterior). All @entity1 had been treated unsuccessfully with repeated anteroposterior nasal packing, and presented significant secondary @entity417 . Selective embolization procedures were performed under local anaesthesia. An arterial introducer is inserted into the femoral artery -generally the right one- and diagnosis as well as treatment are performed with the same guide catheter. In all cases, the terminal branches of the facial artery and of the internal maxillary artery on the side on which the @entity548 occurred were embolized. Moreover the contralateral internal maxillary artery was always embolized as well, in order to prevent immediate recurrence of hypervascularisation of the mucosa through anastomotic paths. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , complete devascularisation was achieved in the areas of the embolized arteries at the nasal mucous membranes, arresting the @entity1415 . None of the cases experienced complications attributable to treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Superselective arteriography with embolization can be considered as the method of choice in treating severe @entity1415 because it can be performed under local anaesthesia and can easily be repeated if the first procedure is not successful. Moreover, it is at least as effective as ligation of the internal maxillary artery, if not more so, but it has a significantly lower complication rate which is destined to fall as the quality of the materials being used continues to improve.

title: Treatment of severe XXXX by superselective embolization: a review of 22 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['epistaxis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy doses are limited by @entity137 to normal tissues. Intravenous @entity1160 protects liver cells from oxidant injury by increasing intracellular @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) content. The authors hypothesized that supplemental oral @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) would increase the therapeutic index of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) by improving host tolerance through changes in @entity2041 metabolism. The authors examined the effects of oral @entity1160 on @entity5 and host @entity2041 metabolism and response to @entity1499 . METHODS: Thirty-six 300-g Fischer 344 @entity35 were implanted with @entity1492 . On day 21 after implantation, @entity35 were randomized to receive isonitrogenous isocaloric diets containing 1 g/kg/day @entity1160 or @entity2228 ( @entity4022 ) by gavage. On day 23 after 2 days of prefeeding, @entity35 were randomized to one of the following four groups receiving an intraperitoneal injection of @entity1499 (20 mg/kg) or saline (CON): @entity7647 + @entity1500 , @entity4022 + @entity1500 , @entity7647 -CON, or @entity4022 -CON. On day 24, @entity35 were killed and studied for arterial @entity1160 concentration, @entity5 volume, kidney and gut glutaminase activity, and @entity2041 content ( @entity5 , gut, heart, liver, muscle, kidney, and lung). RESULTS: Provision of the @entity1160 -enriched diets to @entity35 receiving @entity1500 decreased @entity5 @entity2041 (2.38 +/- 0.17 in @entity7647 + @entity1500 vs. 2.92 +/- 0.20 in @entity4022 + @entity1500 , p < 0.05), whereas increasing or maintaining host @entity2041 stores (in gut, 2.60 +/- 0.28 in @entity7647 + @entity1500 vs. 1.93 +/- 0.18; in @entity4022 + @entity1500 , p < 0.05). @entity308 @entity2041 levels in @entity5 cells increases susceptibility to chemotherapy. Significantly decreased @entity2041 content in @entity5 cells in the @entity7647 + @entity1500 group correlated with enhanced @entity5 volume loss (-0.8 +/- 1.0 mL in @entity7647 + @entity1500 vs. +9.5 +/- 2.0 mL in @entity4022 + @entity1500 , p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that oral @entity1160 supplementation will enhance the selectivity of antitumor drugs by protecting normal tissues from and possibly sensitizing @entity5 cells to chemotherapy treatment-related injury.

title: @entity1160 enhances selectivity of chemotherapy through changes in XXXX metabolism.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) has reached pandemic proportions. The impact of it and its long-term sequelae represent a significant burden for many healthcare systems around the world, and a significant number of @entity1 struggle to achieve the internationally recommended targets for the modifiable risk factors that optimize healthy outcomes. In the first part of this two-part review, the scene was set showing that there seems to be a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) gap hindering successful management of @entity2175 . Although theoretical knowledge about how @entity2175 should be managed exists, the attitude of @entity1 and healthcare professionals seems to influence the practicalities of implementing life-enhancing changes for @entity1 living with @entity6 . Following the chronic care model, macro-level initiatives such as Finland's national @entity6 program, "The Development Programme for the Prevention and Care of @entity6 " (DEHKO), encourage a coordinated, supportive policy and financial environment for healthcare system change, and are advocated by the International @entity6 Federation. Over a 10-year period, the DEHKO program aims to demonstrate that a top-down population approach to prevention, focusing on reducing @entity28 , increasing physical activity, and encouraging healthier eating habits, may improve the overall health of the nation. However, the @entity1 is the focus of day-to-day management of @entity2175 , and innovative strategies that use a community (meso-level) approach to encourage self-management, or that embrace new technologies to access @entity6 self-management education or support networks, are likely to be the way forward. Such measures may close the apparent KAP gap and bring about real and measurable benefits in quality of life and life expectancy. The second part of this review describes some of the many and varied initiatives designed to engage and empower @entity1 to self-manage their @entity2175 , with the aim of increasing the proportion of @entity1 reaching health-related targets. This will ultimately impact on national health systems and the quality of life of the nation.

title: Engaging and empowering @entity1 to manage their type 2 XXXX , Part II: Initiatives for success.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of malfunction of shunts in adults with @entity3570 who have shunts to control @entity1276 . DESIGN: A retrospective review of the medical notes and contact by questionnaire of adults with @entity3570 to assess symptoms, function of shunts, frequency of operative procedures, and follow-up. SUBJECTS: 110 @entity1 with shunts who attended Lord Mayor Treloar College for the physically disabled between 1978 and 1993. RESULTS: The average (range) number of revisions of shunts per @entity1 was 3.6 (0-28). Although 37 @entity1 underwent an emergency operation for revision in their first year of life, there was a continuing low incidence, increasing in the early teenage years, which persisted into the third decade. Intervals between emergency revisions varied: 202/320 occurred within one year of the last shunt operation, 56 occurred after five years, 24 after 10 years, and 15 after 15 or more years. Fifteen @entity1 had chronic intermittent headaches, of whom four died and three suffered severe morbidity. Thirteen died; three had @entity428 , and four died suddenly; these deaths were presumed to be related to their shunts. Up to the age of 16 there was 100% hospital follow up, but after that only 40% of young adults underwent review, including review of their shunt function. CONCLUSION: Shunts to control @entity1276 may fail after many years without symptoms. This is difficult to diagnose and if missed may lead to chronic morbidity and @entity204 . As hospital follow up of this group is falling, both general practitioners and hospital doctors must be aware that a shunt may malfunction after prolonged quiescent periods.

title: Complications with shunts in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spina bifida']


abstract: The specific @entity10810 (EC 3.1.1.7) activity of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of normal donors was determined. On Leukopak filter the isolated T lymphocytes showed activity, whereas in stepwise Percoll gradient, population TLD displayed enzyme activity. The THD and B cells were inactive. [Szel  nyi J. G., Bartha E. _ Holl  n S. R. (1982) Br. J. Haemat. 50, 241]. A mixed cell population derived from @entity706 @entity1 had significantly lower enzyme activity than normal. With the progress of B-cell proliferation @entity10810 activity decreased in parallel with the number of T cells. The sp. act. of TLD population isolated from @entity706 @entity1 was the same as that of normal donors whereas their B cells were inactive.

title: @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) activity of lymphocytes in @entity706 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['CLL']


abstract: The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of twenty-two antibiotics, in liquid and solid media, and three anti-peptic @entity1066 drugs in liquid media were determined against twenty isolates of @entity1534 . Camp. pyloridis was very susceptible to most antibiotics, more so than Camp. jejuni and Camp. fetus, but was resistant to @entity802 . The MIC90 of @entity4444 against Camp. pyloridis was 512 mg/l, and of @entity5616 was 6400 mg/l. The difference in susceptibility patterns between Camp. pyloridis and other campylobacters may indicate that Camp. pyloridis is not a member of the Campylobacter genus.

title: The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics and anti- XXXX agents against @entity1534 .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter pyloridis']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1370 due to ingestion of oleander plant seeds in Sri Lanka and some other South Asian countries is very common. At present symptomatic oleander seed @entity4968 carries a mortality of 10% in Sri Lanka and treatment of @entity4968 is limited to gastric decontamination and @entity3897 administration. The only proven effective antidote is digoxin antibodies but these are not available for routine use because of the high cost. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a new and inexpensive antidote for @entity1 with life threatening @entity943 due oleander @entity4968 . METHOD/DESIGN: We set up a randomised double blind clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of @entity4567 ( @entity4568 ) in acute @entity4968 @entity1 admitted to the adult medical wards of a tertiary hospital in Sri Lanka. @entity1 will be initially resuscitated following the national guidelines and eligible @entity1 will be randomised to receive either @entity4568 or an equal amount of normal saline. The primary outcome measure for this study is the sustained reversion to sinus rhythm with a heart rate greater than 50/min within 2 hours of completion of @entity4568 /placebo bolus. Secondary outcomes include @entity204 , reversal of hyperkalaemia on the 6, 12, 18 and 24 hour samples and maintenance of sinus rhythm on the holter monitor. Analysis will be on intention-to-treat. DISCUSSION: This trial will provide information on the effectiveness of @entity4568 in @entity4968 . If @entity4568 is effective in @entity1370 , it would provide substantial benefit to the @entity1 in rural Asia. The drug is inexpensive and thus could be made available at primary care hospitals if proven to be effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled trial ISRCTN71018309.

title: @entity4567 ( @entity4568 ) as a novel antidote for yellow oleander-induced XXXX : a randomized controlled double blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning', 'yellow oleander poisoning']

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['Fructose 1, 6 diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac glycoside toxicity', 'Cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiac toxicity']


abstract: Fractional excretion (FE) of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) was studied in @entity1 with glomerular (N = 114), tubular (N = 50) or other (N = 18) @entity8 . FE- @entity2262 (normal less than 0.36%) was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in @entity8 (mean 0.104%) than in tubular lesions (mean 4.27%). Unexpectedly, several @entity1 with @entity8 were found to have increased values for FE- @entity2262 . To determine whether this was due to a tubular component in a primary @entity8 process, FE- @entity2262 was measured in 30 @entity1 with various @entity8 who underwent renal biopsy. Thirteen of these @entity1 had tubulo-interstitial lesions in addition to their @entity8 . FE- @entity2262 in these @entity1 averaged 3.76% (range 0.14 to 44.6%); only two results were normal. Mean FE- @entity2262 in the 17 @entity1 without biopsy evidence of tubulo-interstitial disease was 0.063% (range 0.02 to 0.34%); all values were in the normal range. The types of @entity8 in the two groups of @entity1 were similar. @entity1 with a @entity8 complicated by tubulo-interstitial lesions had a poorer prognosis than did those with a pure @entity8 . The high incidence of tubulo-interstitial lesions in @entity1 with @entity8 was unexpected. Our data demonstrates that FE- @entity2262 represents a reliable non-invasive method to diagnose such involvement. Measurements of @entity2262 also provide a convenient method to follow the course and response to treatment of @entity8 .

title: Use of XXXX to diagnose tubulo-interstitial renal lesions in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'glomerular lesion', 'glomerular diseases', 'glomerulopathies', 'glomerular disease', 'renal tubular injury']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2M', 'beta 2 microglobulin']

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta 2 microglobulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Growing evidence implicates @entity2451 as an important contributor to @entity3 and increased chemoresistance of @entity320 . Here, we report the effects of @entity10512 on either untreated, @entity900 - or @entity310 -treated @entity320 cell lines A375, 1205Lu and WM793, exhibiting different levels of constitutive @entity2451 activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to assess changes in @entity2451 activity, and real-time PCR to evaluate expression of @entity2451 -regulated genes. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell death was also visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Migration was determined by scratch assay and invasiveness by Matrigel assay. KEY RESULTS: @entity10512 suppressed both constitutive and induced @entity2451 activity in @entity320 cells. This was accompanied by down-regulation of cancer-related genes, with @entity2451 -binding sites in their promoters, including: @entity1836 , survivin, @entity4910 , @entity687 and @entity1495 . When the various effects of 6 microM @entity10512 were compared, apoptosis associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was most efficiently induced in @entity1 cells, cell cycle arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase was observed in WM793 cells, and high metastatic potential was markedly reduced in A375 cells. These findings not only reflected differences between @entity320 cell lines in basal expression of @entity2451 -regulated genes, but also suggested other @entity10512 targets involved in cell cycle progression, @entity4222 , invasiveness and survival. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of constitutive and therapeutically induced @entity2451 pathway by @entity10512 might be useful in the treatment of @entity320 , although the diversity of changes induced in @entity320 cells with different genetic backgrounds indicate context-dependent poly-pharmacological properties of this compound.

title: Cell context-dependent activities of XXXX in primary and metastatic @entity320 cells.

entities_list: @entity10512 :: ('MESH:C002669', 'Chemical') :: ['parthenolide', 'Parthenolide']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity10512 :: (MESH:C002669,Chemical) :: ['parthenolide']


abstract: The objective of this study was to expose our results in the treatment of @entity79 ( @entity79 ), paying attention to diagnosis, surgical strategy, facial management, results, and recurrences. The main objective is to compare the results of obliterative and open techniques in their management concerning the recurrence rate, due to the controversy elicited on obliterative or closed techniques in large @entity3540 . A retrospective study was performed from July 1977 to September 2007 at the Tertiary referral cranial base center. Thirty-five @entity1 were treated for @entity79 through different surgical approaches, and in 25 cases (72%) the surgical cavity was obliterated with a muscle flap. Four @entity1 (11%) had a long-term recurrence. These @entity1 received an open technique and after surgical re-exploration using a closed technique they had no recurrence. There were no recurrences in @entity1 who underwent an obliterative technique and they received periodic MRI controls. The facial function after surgery was acceptable (71% of @entity1 had House-Brackmann grades I to III). @entity79 is a complex pathology and presents difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. Surgical technique should be suitable for removing the pathology and preventing @entity75 or great vessels. Obliterative techniques, where possible, are at least as safe as open cavity procedures and they have fewer @entity260 ; however, regular follow-up with CT and MRI is mandatory.

title: Management of petrous bone XXXX : open versus obliterative techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['damage to structures such as the facial nerve']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['petrous bone cholesteatomas', 'PBC']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatomas']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatoma']


abstract: Intravesical immunotherapy for @entity150 is arguably the most effective form of @entity5 immunotherapy described to date. Following repeated instillations of BCG organisms into the bladder, large quantities of cytokines are detected in @entity1 ' urine. This study concerns the production of @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity379 ( @entity379 ) and soluble @entity2071 (sICAM-1) throughout the six weekly instillations which comprise a therapeutic course. Sequential instillations of BCG induced secretion of @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity310 , @entity379 and sICAM-1 into urine. The responses were heterogeneous between @entity1 and cytokines, but some general trends were evident. Although cytokine levels were initially low, their concentration increased with repeated instillation of BCG. Certain cytokines (e.g. @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity688 ) could be detected after the first instillation, whilst others (e.g. @entity1199 and @entity379 ) were not detected until after the third or fourth instillation. Interestingly, @entity3646 was not detected, perhaps suggesting a differential effect on Th2-like responses. Some @entity1 produced particularly elevated or non-detectable levels of cytokines, and a positive correlation was found between the production of various cytokines. The production of a particular cytokine did not correspond with lack of production of another species. Whether monitoring the production of cytokines following therapy may be of prognostic value will be determined in a larger series of @entity1 . However, as these potent immunomodulators are thought to be important for the 75% complete clinical response observed with BCG therapy, there remains the possibility that detection of the products of an activated immune system may correlate with eventual clinical outcome. This study is a necessary forerunner to full prognostic evaluation of such immunological data.

title: Changes in urinary cytokines and soluble XXXX ( @entity2071 ) in @entity150 @entity1 after bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The observation of an increased prevalence of @entity56 coinciding with a decreasing frequency of @entity166 in early childhood has led to the speculation that @entity281 may prevent @entity56 sensitization. Information on the role of parasites in this context is limited. @entity5924 in infancy has been linked with @entity748 symptoms later in childhood, although the underlying cause of this association is unknown. METHODS: To test the hypothesis that early parasitic @entity281 in infancy might prevent the development of @entity56 manifestations later in life, the effect of @entity281 during the first year of life on the risk of @entity5924 was studied in 675 Tanzanian @entity1 at 18 months of age. The study was conducted as part of an intervention trial of @entity311 and/or @entity68 supplementation for the prevention of @entity311 and @entity417 in @entity1 . RESULTS: The incidence of @entity5924 up to 18 months of age in the 675 @entity1 was 0.58 episode per @entity1 per year. The risk factors analysis was based on 470 @entity1 with complete data. There was no difference in the incidence of @entity5924 between those who had received @entity311 during the first year of life and those who had not. However, the proportion of @entity1 who had @entity5924 was lower among those who had had @entity311 episodes than among those who had not (48% vs. 55%, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support the hypothesis that reduced exposure to parasites may modulate the development of @entity5924 early in life.

title: XXXX does not appear to modify the risk of @entity5924 early in life.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiolitis', 'bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria chemoprophylaxis', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Malaria infection']


abstract: One hundred consecutive @entity1 , admitted to the coronary care unit with @entity158 at rest but no evidence of recent @entity583 have been followed up for nine to 26 (mean 14) months. They were treated initially with bed rest, beta-adrenergic blockade, and @entity3362 . In 54 @entity1 @entity158 subsided within 24 hours. Coronary angiography was carried out in 46. Thirty-five had coronary artery lesions and three had @entity2473 in normal coronary arteries. One had @entity1121 and seven had normal findings. Seventeen @entity1 with previous @entity951 and severe @entity301 were operated on, with one @entity204 and one perioperative @entity1188 ; two died late, 12 were symptom free, and two had @entity951 . Seven of 18 @entity1 treated medically had recurrent @entity951 and underwent operation. Of the 11 unoperated @entity1 , one died, three had @entity951 , and seven were symptom free. Two of the eight @entity1 who were not catheterised developed @entity1188 , four had @entity951 , and three were symptom free. Recurrent @entity158 continued for more than 24 hours in 46 @entity1 , and all underwent angiography. Forty-three had @entity453 and 34 underwent early bypass surgery; there were two operative deaths and three perioperative @entity1188 . Twenty-six symptom free at follow-up. Of the nine unoperated @entity1 with @entity301 , four developed @entity1188 , two were operated on for recurrent @entity951 , two were symptom free, and one had mild @entity951 . Optimal management of @entity1 with @entity158 at rest can be determined only with knowledge of the coronary artery anatomy and of left ventricular function. Many respond initially to intensive medical treatment and coronary angiography can be performed electively. In those with continuing @entity158 , urgent angiography is required and can be done safely.

title: XXXX at rest. Management and follow-up of 100 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'cardiac pain']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Cardiac pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and access flap (AF) surgery in @entity1 with @entity146 ( @entity146 ). METHODS: Eighteen @entity146 @entity1 with similar bilateral @entity154 were treated in this split-mouth, single-blinded, randomised, controlled clinical trial. All @entity1 presented with >= 3  mm @entity154 and >= 5  mm @entity6885 ( @entity6885 ). In each @entity1 , one defect was treated with a @entity6886 membrane according to the GTR principle, whereas the contralateral side was treated with AF. For both sides, a simplified papilla preservation flap was used. At baseline, 6 and 12  months post-surgery, the clinical attachment levels (CAL) and @entity6885 were evaluated. RESULTS: At 6 and 12  months, at the GTR sites, the mean [95  % CI] CAL gain was 1.7  mm [1.1, 2.3] and 1.6  mm [0.9, 2.1], respectively, while the mean [95  % CI] @entity6885 reduction was 2.3  mm [1.9, 2.8] and 2.4  mm [1.9, 2.8], respectively. Similar CAL (1.6  mm [1.0, 2.2] and 2.1  mm [1.4, 2.7]) and @entity6885 (2.0  mm [1.5, 2.4] and 2.5  mm [2.0, 3.0]) outcomes were observed at the control sites at 6 and 12  months, respectively. Notably, at the GTR-treated sites, 13 subjects presented with various degrees of membrane exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Both therapies were effective in the treatment of @entity154 in @entity146 @entity1 , and no statistically significant differences between them could be demonstrated, possibly as a result of the differing degrees of membrane exposure at the GTR sites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Both periodontal regeneration and conventional periodontal surgery are effective treatments for @entity146 @entity1 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with guided tissue regeneration in @entity146 : clinical outcomes at 6 and 12  months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intrabony defects']

entities_list: @entity6885 :: ('MESH:D010514', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal pocket depths', 'PPD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['AgP', 'aggressive periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolide']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['intrabony defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative intracranial @entity551 -associated @entity450 (PIHV) is an uncommon cause of clinical deterioration after a neurosurgical procedure that is often unrecognized until late in its course. Functional outcomes range from remarkable neurological recovery to death. Little is understood about the reason for deterioration in certain @entity1 compared with improvement in others. A 68-year-old @entity1 with a progressive @entity3799 underwent an uncomplicated cervical decompression and alignment restoration at our hospital and suffered violent generalized @entity410 intraoperatively and postoperatively. A postoperative head CT showed a right parietal @entity1410 , but no other cranial findings. A subsequent MRI demonstrated what we describe as early PIHV with symmetric T2 signal changes in the bilateral deep gray structures. No diffusion restriction corresponded to these areas. A CT myelogram revealed a considerable CSF collection within the operative bed. Upon returning to the operating room to localize the source of the leak, a large dural tear was identified off of midline with a bone chip alongside the defect. The defect was repaired, and the @entity1 remained @entity772 for over a week postoperatively. He made a remarkable gradual recovery, and after a month in the hospital and rehabilitation, he returned home with relatively minimal @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: We postulate that if caught early and treated aggressively, @entity16 resulting from PIHV may be reversible despite initially ominous imaging. Neurosurgeons and neurointensivists should therefore be compelled to search for dural defects and return to the operating room for immediate repair.

title: Prompt Recognition and Management of Postoperative Intracranial XXXX -Associated @entity450 : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Hypotension']


abstract: External ventricular drains (EVD) are associated with a high @entity281 rate. Early detection of @entity281 is frequently problematic due to a lack of clinical signs and the time period required for culturing. Bacterial biofilms have been suggested to play an important role in the @entity281 of EVD, but direct evidence is as yet lacking. We report the case of a 17- year-old male with @entity1647 who presented with @entity10 , @entity390 and drowsiness; a CT scan revealed enlarged ventricles. The @entity1 had a history of ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision 3 weeks prior to admission. The shunt was removed on suspicion of @entity281 and an EVD placed. Daily surveillance cultures through the EVD were negative and the EVD was replaced on day 5. Examination of the initial EVD by confocal microscopy demonstrated clear intraluminal biofilm formation; molecular analysis by PCR identified @entity794 resident on the catheter. To our knowledge, this is the first direct demonstration of an intraluminal biofilm compromising an EVD. Despite the presence of biofilm on this catheter, the @entity1 demonstrated no clinical signs of @entity281 , and the routine surveillance culture was negative. Undetected biofilm may pose a latent risk on EVD and other neurosurgical catheters.

title: Direct demonstration of @entity794 biofilm in an external ventricular drain in a XXXX with a history of recurrent ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1647 :: ('MESH:D003616', 'Disease') :: ['Dandy-Walker malformation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Delayed @entity2806 (DCI) after @entity510 worsens the prognosis and is difficult to diagnose. We investigated the diagnostic value of noncontrast CT (NCT), CT perfusion ( @entity93 ), and CT angiography ( @entity13542 ) for DCI after clinical deterioration in @entity1 with @entity510 . METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 42 @entity1 with @entity510 with clinical deterioration suspect for DCI (new focal deficit or Glasgow @entity772 Scale decrease >or=2 points) within 21 days after @entity548 . All @entity1 underwent NCT, @entity93 , and @entity13542 scans on admission and directly after clinical deterioration. The gold standard was the clinical diagnosis DCI made retrospectively by 2 neurologists who interpreted all clinical data, except @entity93 and @entity13542 , to rule out other causes for the deterioration. Radiologists interpreted NCT and @entity93 images for signs of @entity63 (NCT) or hypoperfusion ( @entity93 ) not localized in the neurosurgical trajectory or around intracerebral @entity1410 , and @entity13542 images for presence of @entity2553 . Diagnostic values for DCI of NCT, @entity93 , and @entity13542 were assessed by calculating sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values with 95% CIs. RESULTS: In 3 @entity1 with clinical deterioration, imaging failed due to motion artifacts. Of the remaining 39 @entity1 , 25 had DCI and 14 did not. NCT had a sensitivity of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.73), specificity=0.71 (0.57 to 0.77), positive predictive value=0.78 (0.55 to 0.91), negative predictive value=0.48 (0.28 to 0.68); @entity93 : sensitivity=0.84 (0.65 to 0.94), specificity=0.79 (0.52 to 0.92), positive predictive value=0.88 (0.69 to 0.96), negative predictive value=0.73 (0.48 to 0.89); @entity13542 : sensitivity=0.64 (0.45 to 0.80), specificity=0.50 (0.27 to 0.73), positive predictive value=0.70 (0.49 to 0.84), negative predictive value=0.44 (0.23 to 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: As a diagnostic tool for DCI, qualitative assessment of @entity93 is overall superior to NCT and @entity13542 and could be useful for fast decision-making and guiding treatment.

title: Diagnosing delayed @entity2806 with different CT modalities in XXXX with @entity510 with clinical deterioration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is characterized by dry skin and a hyperactive immune response to allergens, 2 cardinal features that are caused in part by epidermal barrier defects. Tight junctions (TJs) reside immediately below the stratum corneum and regulate the selective permeability of the paracellular pathway. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the expression/function of the TJ protein @entity3670 in epithelium from @entity483 and nonatopic subjects and screened 2 American populations for single @entity377 polymorphisms in the @entity3670 gene ( @entity3670 ). METHODS: Expression profiles of nonlesional epithelium from @entity1 with extrinsic @entity483 , nonatopic subjects, and @entity1 with @entity1569 were generated using Illumina's BeadChips. Dysregulated intercellular proteins were validated by means of tissue staining and quantitative PCR. Bioelectric properties of epithelium were measured in Ussing chambers. Functional relevance of @entity3670 was assessed by using a knockdown approach in primary @entity1 keratinocytes. Twenty-seven haplotype-tagging SNPs in @entity3670 were screened in 2 independent populations with @entity483 . RESULTS: We observed strikingly reduced expression of the TJ proteins @entity3670 and @entity3671 only in @entity1 with @entity483 , which were validated at the mRNA and protein levels. @entity3670 expression inversely correlated with T(H)2 biomarkers. We observed a remarkable impairment of the bioelectric barrier function in @entity483 epidermis. In vitro we confirmed that silencing @entity3670 expression in @entity1 keratinocytes diminishes TJ function while enhancing keratinocyte proliferation. Finally, @entity3670 haplotype-tagging SNPs revealed associations with @entity483 in 2 North American populations. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these data suggest that an impairment in tight junctions contributes to the @entity409 and immune dysregulation observed in @entity483 subjects and that this may be mediated in part by reductions in @entity3670 .

title: Tight junction defects in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['barrier dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) is more effective treatment than conventional-dose ara-C regimens for @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Previously, we have reported that @entity2101 -ara-C administered during the first remission of @entity3052 has resulted in long remission durations and a high proportion of @entity1 with long-term disease-free survival. In this update, those @entity1 have been observed further and additional @entity1 have been treated, affirming the initial conclusions. Since August 1979, 55 adult @entity1 with @entity3052 in first remission received one to three courses of @entity2101 -ara-C (3 g/m2 by one-hour infusion every 12 hours for 12 doses on days 1 to 6) alone or with @entity5699 (30 mg/m2 for two or three doses on days 7 to 9). Three @entity1 died of @entity295 or @entity548 during consolidation and 19 @entity1 have relapsed from 5 to 48 months after diagnosis. The remaining 33 @entity1 remain in continued complete remission (CCR) from 5 to 75 months. Denoting all deaths in remission as relapse, the actuarial probability of CCR is 51% at 75 months with an apparent plateau in the survival curve. Of the first 22 @entity1 is 27 months. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, age is the only statistically significant prognostic parameter with the actuarial CCR of ages less than 25, 25 to 44, and greater than 44 being 100%, 48%, and 23%, respectively. Due to its heightened antileukemic activity, @entity2101 -ara-C allows brief but effective consolidation of @entity3052 in first remission with long-term disease-free survival comparable with other approaches including bone-marrow transplantation.

title: @entity2101 @entity2592 and XXXX as consolidation therapy for @entity3052 in first remission: an update.

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'ara-C']

answer: @entity5699 :: (MESH:D003630,Chemical) :: ['daunorubicin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Asymptomatic conditions such as @entity101 are generally hard to diagnose, absent routine medical examinations. This is especially problematic in developing countries, where most citizens do not engage in routine examinations due to limited economic resources. We study the roles of education and individual time preferences in @entity10094 and management. Using discrete choice models on a sample of 4209 @entity101 Indonesian adults surveyed between November 2007 and April 2008, we find that both education and individual time preferences play important roles. However, the effects are different for @entity1 in good health than they are for @entity1 in bad health. Education does not seem to matter for disease detection when respondents are in good general health, and its effects on disease management vary largely in magnitudes between these groups. In terms of disease detection, more educated respondents have a higher probability of being diagnosed, but only conditional on being in poor general health. Time preferences, on the other hand, matter for respondents in good general health, but the effect is not significant for those in bad health. More impatient respondents that are in good health have a higher probability of being under-diagnosed because they are more likely to forgo routine physicals. The findings point to two distinct channels through which education can affect health, and suggest that different types of policies need to be implemented, in order to reach the entire population. Traditional programs that stimulate education and improve the socio-economic status of individuals in developing countries are helpful, but they do not address the whole problem. Besides its more usual positive effects, education can also negatively affect the health of asymptomatic @entity1 , because it reflects a higher opportunity cost of engaging in preventative health screenings.

title: Education, individual time preferences, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic disease detection']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity10094 :: (MESH:D058070,Disease) :: ['asymptomatic disease detection']


abstract: In 43 @entity1 with @entity2150 we assessed the accuracy of different prognostic systems. @entity1 dying within 6 months after diagnosis were correctly predicted in 60% of cases with the Lynch-index with a sensitivity of 82%. With the Najean-index 40% of these @entity1 are correctly predicted, this index has a sensitivity of 100%. More accurate are the prognostic criteria proposed by Camitta et al [5]. With these criteria, this rapidly fatal group is correctly predicted in 85% of the @entity1 , indicating that 15% of the @entity1 are incorrectly predicted to have a limited survival. The sensitivity, however, is 100%. The Lohrmann-index, based on reticulocyte count predicts 64% of this group with severe @entity3894 . None of these prognostic systems do accurately predict long survival. We suggest that the best differentiation between @entity1 with a long-term prognosis (more than 5 years) and @entity1 who die from @entity2150 within 5 years, is made by re-evaluating the leucocyte and platelet count 3 months after the initial diagnosis. Decrease in blood counts (over 10%) predicts @entity204 from @entity2150 within 5 years correctly in all @entity1 ; stable or increased blood counts predict long survival in 75% of the @entity1 .

title: The value of prognostic indices in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anaemia']


abstract: Ectopic expression of oncogenes such as Ras induces expression of @entity14293 (Arf), which, in turn, activates @entity899 and growth arrest. Here, we used a multistage model of @entity957 development to investigate the functional interactions between Ras, @entity14293 (Arf), and @entity899 during @entity5 progression in the @entity19 . @entity1489 were induced in wild-type, @entity14293 (Arf)-deficient, and @entity899 -deficient @entity19 using the @entity106 /TPA two-step protocol. Activating mutations in @entity11517 were detected in all @entity1185 and @entity189 examined, regardless of genotype. Relative to wild-type @entity19 , the growth rate of @entity1185 was greater in @entity14293 (Arf)-deficient @entity19 , and reduced in @entity899 -deficient @entity19 . Malignant conversion of @entity1185 to @entity957 , as well as @entity3 to lymph nodes and lungs, was markedly accelerated in both @entity14293 (Arf)- and @entity899 -deficient @entity19 . Thus, @entity14293 (Arf) inhibits the growth rate of @entity5 in a @entity899 -independent manner. Through its regulation of @entity899 , @entity14293 (Arf) also suppresses malignant conversion and @entity3 . @entity899 expression was upregulated in @entity1185 from wild-type but not @entity14293 ( Arf)-null @entity19 , and @entity899 mutations were more frequently seen in wild-type than in @entity14293 ( Arf)-null @entity189 . This indicates that selection for @entity899 mutations is a direct result of signaling from the initiating @entity75 , @entity11517 , acting through @entity14293 (Arf).

title: p19Arf suppresses growth, progression, and @entity3 of @entity11517 -driven XXXX through @entity899 -dependent and -independent pathways.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['Skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oncogenic lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: @entity9085 is an uncommon @entity455 that is usually an incidental product on autopsy or angiography. None of the cases in the literature had clinical symptoms associated with this @entity154 except for @entity510 when accompanied with @entity439 . We report a rare case of the basilar artery fenestration associated with clinical symptoms without any @entity439 . A 71-years-old male, who had been treated for labile @entity101 and had had recurrent attacks of vertigo, @entity390 , sometimes @entity892 or unsteady gait, for 5 years, was referred to our hospital on Sept. 13, 1985. One day prior to admission, he suddenly felt @entity892 and vertigo and unsteady gait. His family noticed he was dysarthric. On admission, he was alert and normotensive. He complained of @entity809 on the right half of the perioral region and his right fingers. A neurological examination showed a mild @entity427 on his right leg. His motor coordination was almost normal, but he was unsteady when he stood on one foot with his eyes closed. Laboratory examinations were normal except for an elevated serum @entity414 level. A chest x-ray film showed a sclerotic change of aorta and mild @entity1283 . @entity4346 was observed on his ECG. His CT scans showed multiple lacunae and mild @entity1010 . On cerebral angiography, his basilar artery (BA) had a fenestration almost in its total length that divided the BA, like a duplication, into two components with a smaller diameter than normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of basilar artery fenestration with recurrent attacks of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['Fenestration of basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['weakness and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity9085 :: (MESH:D014715,Disease) :: ['vertebrobasilar insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The complete resection of liver metastases from @entity14 is the major determinant of longterm survival. The effectiveness of current chemotherapy regimens has made treatment algorithms more flexible and resulted in many different options. Recently, the pathological response to chemotherapy has emerged as another important prognostic marker. Different systems have been used to grade the pathological response in these @entity1 . METHODS: This study prospectively evaluates the prognostic value of the pathological response grade (PRG) in liver metastases treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2006, 50 @entity1 were treated with a sandwich chemotherapy regimen and underwent liver resection. Complete resection was achieved in 45 @entity1 (90%). A strong pathological response to chemotherapy (<10% viable @entity5 cells in all lesions) was seen in 17 @entity1 (34%). It was associated with a statistically significant longer overall survival (P= 0.019) and was also identified on multivariate analysis as an independent predictor of survival (odds ratio = 243). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates the prognostic potential of the PRG, which could be used clinically to select @entity1 for an aggressive multimodal adjuvant algorithm. Larger multicentre studies are required to validate this particular grading system. The keys to longterm survival are resectability and chemo-responsiveness.

title: Pathological response grade of XXXX treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are rare; diagnosis and prognosis of these @entity5 are often complex. We present short and long term results of surgical resection for @entity674 at the Department of Surgery, University of Insubria, during a period of 14 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All @entity1 ' data, @entity5 characteristics, surgical procedure and survival data were analyzed retrospectively. @entity5 were divided in risk classes using a new classification proposed by Fletcher, based on @entity5 size and number of mitosis. RESULTS: From 1987 to 2001 19 @entity1 underwent surgical resection for @entity674 . Stomach was the most common site of localization. Complete resection was achieved in 78.9 % cases, while in 21.1% radical resection was not possible. The mean @entity5 size was 8.4 cm (1.2-30 cm): < 5 cm diameter in 11/19 cases (58%), 5-10 cm in 4/19 (21%) and > 10 cm in 4/19 (21%). Mitotic count was < 10/50 HPF in 68.5 % (13/19) and > 10/50 in 31.5 % (6/19). Using Fletcher's classification, @entity5 were divided in very low (8/19, 42.2 %), low (3/19, 15.8 %), intermediate (4/19, 21%) and high risk (4/19, 21%). The 5 years overall survival was 63 % and 34 % respectively with a statistically significant difference between @entity5 < 5cm and > 10 cm in diameter and between complete and incomplete resection. High risk @entity5 have a significantly shorter survival than low or very low risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience confirms that @entity674 are uncommon and aggressive @entity5 which prognosis is strictly related to @entity5 size and number of mitosis. Although significant advances on new chemotherapic regimes have been made, to date, radical surgical removal is the only chance of long term survival.

title: Outcome and long term results of surgical resection for XXXX ( @entity674 ).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of bone marrow cell implantation into the @entity39 of the femoral head on clinical symptoms and the progression of @entity2530 of the femoral head in comparison with core decompression. METHODS: We studied nineteen @entity1 and twenty four hips with early stage @entity2530 of the femoral head. The hips were allocated to either core decompression only or core decompression and implantation of bone marrow cells. Both @entity1 and assessors were blind with respect to treatment group assignment. The primary outcomes were clinical symptoms and disease progression. RESULTS: Bone marrow implantation afforded a significant reduction in @entity158 and in joint symptoms and reduced the incidence of fractural stages. At 60 months, eight of the eleven hips in the control group had deteriorated to the fractural stage whereas only three of the thirteen hips in the bone marrow graft group had progressed to that stage. Survival analysis showed a significant difference in the time to failure between the two groups at 60 months. @entity1 had only minor side-effects after the treatments. CONCLUSIONS: This long term follow-up study confirmed that implantation of autologous bone marrow cells in the @entity39 might be an effective treatment for @entity1 with early stages of @entity2530 of the femoral head.

title: Autologous bone marrow cell implantation in the treatment of non-traumatic XXXX of the femoral head: Five year follow-up of a prospective controlled study.

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesion']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine if the daily use of a verbal @entity158 scale could improve the correlation of @entity158 perception between hospitalized oncology @entity1 and their caregivers. @entity1 AND METHODS: Hospitalized oncology @entity1 were asked to rate verbally their average @entity158 over the past 24 hours on a scale ranging from 0 to 10. The @entity1 ' primary-care physicians and nurses were asked the same question on the same morning after they had evaluated their @entity1 . RESULTS: During a baseline study, only 64% of caregivers' @entity158 scores were within two points of the respective @entity1 's score. Caregivers tended to underestimate @entity1 ' @entity158 scores. Caregivers were alerted to these poor results and then requested to ask each @entity1 daily for the average @entity158 score and record this score on the @entity1 's medical record. Nonetheless, correlation between @entity1 ' and caregivers' @entity158 scores remained poor (68% within two points of each other) during a second study. The major reason for the poor results appeared to be because caregivers did not routinely ask @entity1 for @entity158 scores. Subsequently, a renewed, more intensive educational effort was undertaken and a third study was conducted. During the third study, 85% of caregivers' and @entity1 ' @entity158 scores were within two points of each other (P = .001 when compared with baseline). CONCLUSION: The enforced use of a simple verbal @entity158 assessment tool appears to improve caregiver's understanding of the @entity158 status of hospitalized oncology @entity1 .

title: Regular use of a verbal @entity158 scale improves the understanding of oncology inpatient XXXX intensity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']