abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological data on the incidence and prevalence of @entity65 in @entity177 are scant The objective of the present study is to assess the relationship between renal function, measured by the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the presence of early or established @entity65 , in a population of @entity101 from primary care. @entity1 AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, multicentre study carried out in primary care centres all over Spain. @entity101 subjects, older than 55 years, were included. In all of them a structured interview including cardiovascular risk factors or disease was performed. Blood pressure was measured following a standard procedure, and serum biochemistry and an electrocardiogram were obtained. Renal function was estimated using the abbreviated MDRD (Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study Group) equation. For each glomerular filtration rate stratum the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of @entity4346 or @entity65 were calculated, adjusted by confounding variables. RESULTS: A total of 13 687 @entity1 (mean age 68.1 years, @entity1 55.4%, diabetics 30.6%, body mass index 28.6 kg/m2) were included. Of these, 26.4% had established @entity65 and 20.3% electrocardiographic @entity4346 . The average serum @entity1011 was 1.01 mg/dl, @entity1011 clearance 70.0 ml/min, and glomerular filtration rate 74.0 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Thirty-three @entity1 (0.24%) had glomerular filtration rate < 5 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 89 (0.65%) from 15 to 29; 3745 (27.36%) from 30 to 59; 7798 (56.97%) from 60 to 89; and 2019 (14.75%) higher than 89 ml/min per 1.73 m2. In a multiple regression analysis, after adjusting by age, sex, body mass index, @entity551 , and smoking, a lower glomerular filtration rate was associated with a higher prevalence of @entity4346 . Likewise, a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate was also associated with a higher prevalence of @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity101 @entity1 from primary care, the prevalence of @entity65 is inversely proportional to the level of renal function. Estimated glomerular filtration is easy to determine and complements evaluation of the @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Kidney function and @entity65 in the XXXX population: the ERIC-HTA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The term severe motor and @entity717 (SMIDS) refers to describe a heterogeneous group of disorders with severe physical disabilities and profound @entity1032 . Many @entity1 with SMIDS have @entity85 such as @entity717 and @entity1635 . On the other hand, they often have @entity1576 , resulting in high mortality from @entity1576 . Therefore, we hypothesized that @entity4681 might affect @entity1576 , and analyzed the correlation between @entity4681 (observed during tidal breathing at static supine posture) in 10 @entity1 with SMIDS (M: F 2:8, age 29.0 +/- 7.3 years). The @entity1 inability to make effort in spirometry prevented us from evaluating vital capacity and forced expiratory volume. We measured respiratory rate, tidal volume, and expiratory gas during tidal breathing for 10 minutes. There was no @entity1 with the @entity2723 . @entity5513 and @entity717 were found to be correlated with each other (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). @entity5513 was inversely correlated with tidal volume (both Vt and Vt/Height;r = -0.69, p < 0.05). Both @entity5513 and @entity717 correlated with respiratory rate (r = 0.67 and 0.69, respectively). Moreover, the slope of the regression lines of the VO2-VCO2 plots (V-slope) was correlated with @entity5513 (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). Contrary to our expectation, none of the respiratory parameters showed significant correlations with BMI. Moreover, we found no relationship between the @entity85 ( @entity5513 or @entity717 ) and BMI. These observations suggest that the @entity4681 affect respiratory patterns in a restrictive manner and increase the respiratory change rate during tidal breathing in @entity1 with SMIDS.

title: [Relationships between @entity85 and respiratory function in @entity1 with severe motor and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal abnormalities (Cobb angles (CA) and spinal rotation scores (SRS)) and respiratory parameters', 'spinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities syndrome', 'spinal rotation', 'SRS']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity2723 :: ('MESH:C566991', 'Disease') :: ['athethotic type of CP']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disabilities syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences in albumin levels between donors and recipients with twin @entity417 - @entity6582 sequence (TAPS). METHODS: We included all consecutive monochorionic twins with TAPS with double survivors. Each twin pair was matched for gestational age at birth with 2 control monochorionic twin pairs unaffected by TAPS or @entity14244 . We measured levels of albumin, total protein, and hemoglobin on the first day of life in donors and recipients (TAPS group) and the control group. RESULTS: A total of 25 TAPS twin pairs and 50 control twin pairs were included in the study. The median gestational age at birth was 32 weeks in both groups. In the TAPS group, median levels (IQR) of albumin in donor twins were significantly lower than in recipient twins, i.e. 28.0 g/l (24.0-32.0) versus 32.0 g/l (30.0-34.5) (p = 0.008). Median levels (IQR) of total protein in donor twins were also lower than in recipients, i.e. 44.0 g/l (36.5-49.0) versus 49.0 g/l (46.5-51.0), respectively (p = 0.004). The median (IQR) intertwin albumin difference was significantly higher in the TAPS group than in the control group, i.e. 4.0 g/l (2.5-10.5) versus 2.0 g/l (1.0-4.0) (p = 0.003). The rate of @entity4988 (<20 g/l) and @entity9427 (<40 g/l) in donor twins with TAPS was 20% (5/25) and 32% (8/25). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to lower hemoglobin levels, donor twins with TAPS also have significantly lower albumin and total protein levels compared to recipient twins.

title: XXXX in donors with twin @entity417 - @entity6582 sequence: a matched case-control study.

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

answer: @entity4988 :: (MESH:D034141,Disease) :: ['Hypoalbuminemia']


abstract: AIM: Elderly @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 ( @entity4989 ) are increasing in Japan. They have many difficulties related to advanced age, so it is difficult to determine the appropriate therapy, @entity2690 or @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ). The most appropriate indicators for @entity2690 therapy concerning pancreatic beta cell function in extremely elderly cases of @entity4989 were investigated. METHODS: The subjects were 43 late elderly @entity1 older than 75 years old with @entity4989 , who were @entity28 and without advanced @entity99 or @entity8 . They underwent a 1 mg glucagon load test during hospitalization. After discharge, the therapeutic modality was evaluated. RESULTS: Acceptable control was obtained in 25 cases by @entity1697 (group @entity1697 ), 18 cases required treatment with @entity2690 (group I) because they could not achieve acceptable control by only @entity1697 . Fasting CPR and CPR 6 minutes after glucagon loading (CPR6), CPR increment and CPI (fasting CPR/fasting plasma @entity413 x 100) were significantly lower in group I (p<0.001). On the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis to discriminate the group I, the areas under the curve of CPI, CPR6, FCPR and CPR increment in group I, were 0.973, 0.964, 0.922 and 0.858 respectively. At 0.9 of CPI, the efficiency ((true positive+true negative)/total) (93.0%) and the sum of the sensitivity (88.9%) and the specificity (96.0%) were highest. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that CPI less than 0.9, shows a need for @entity2690 therapy in late elderly @entity1 with @entity4989 . This suggests that CPI can be utilized to indicate the need for @entity2690 therapy without performing glucagon load tests.

title: [Indicators for @entity2690 therapy in late elderly @entity1 with @entity6 --the relationship between plasma @entity2690 on glucagon load test and XXXX therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral hypoglycemic agents', 'OHA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: While myriad molecular formats for bispecific antibodies have been examined to date, the simplest structures are often based on the @entity10390 . Issues with stability and manufacturability in @entity10390 -based bispecific molecules, however, have been a significant hindrance to their development, particularly for high-concentration, stable formulations that allow subcutaneous delivery. Our aim was to generate a tetravalent bispecific molecule targeting two inflammatory mediators for synergistic immune modulation. We focused on an @entity10390 -Fc- @entity10390 format, with a flexible ( @entity16399 )3 linker coupling an additional @entity10390 to the C-terminus of an @entity10390 -Fc. While one of the lead scFvs isolated directly from a na  ve library was well-behaved and sufficiently potent, the parental anti- @entity14638 @entity10390 3B4 required optimization for affinity, stability, and cynomolgus ortholog cross-reactivity. To achieve this, we eschewed framework-based stabilizing mutations in favor of complementarity-determining region (CDR) mutagenesis and re-selection for simultaneous improvements in both affinity and thermal stability. Phage-displayed 3B4 CDR-mutant libraries were used in an aggressive "hammer-hug" selection strategy that incorporated thermal challenge, functional, and biophysical screening. This approach identified leads with improved stability and>18-fold, and 4,100-fold higher affinity for both @entity1 and cynomolgus @entity14638 , respectively. Improvements were exclusively mediated through only 4 mutations in VL- @entity2612 . Lead scFvs were reformatted into @entity10390 -Fc-scFvs and their biophysical properties ranked. Our final candidate could be formulated in a standard biopharmaceutical platform buffer at 100 mg/ml with<2% high molecular weight species present after 7 weeks at 4   C and viscosity<15 cP. This workflow has facilitated the identification of a truly manufacturable @entity10390 -based bispecific therapeutic suitable for subcutaneous administration.

title: CDR-restricted engineering of native XXXX scFvs creates highly stable and soluble bifunctional antibodies for subcutaneous delivery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We carried out a retrospective study to assess the different B-mode and color Doppler features of @entity195 and to compare them with cytologic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and eighty autonomous nodules were studied with B-mode US. Mean @entity1 age was 55 years for @entity1 and 56 years for @entity1 . Twenty-seven @entity1 were also submitted to color Doppler US. Forty-nine autonomous nodules were also submitted to cytologic examination by fine needle aspiration (FNA). RESULTS: The most frequent US pattern was a hypoechoic solid nodular lesion (59.8%), while 45.6% of the nodules exhibited a mixed US pattern. No mixed areas were found in 100% of the nodules in the @entity1 under 20 and over 60. In contrast, various degrees of mixed areas were found in the @entity1 20-59 years old, with the highest rate (24.9%) in the 40-49 age range and the lowest rate (6.2%) in the 20-29 age range. The mixed areas were most frequently correlated with bigger nodules and the toxic phase. Calcifications were found in 4.3% of the partially autonomous nodules in 4.1% of the pretoxic nodules and in 8.6% of the toxic nodules. Color Doppler US showed rich internal and peripheral vascularization (pattern A) in 74.1% of the nodules and a mostly perilesional flow (pattern B) in 25.9% of the cases. Pattern A prevailed in the toxic phase (75%), while pattern B in the partially autonomous nodules (85.7%). @entity1869 was the most frequent (63.3%) cytologic feature in the solid nodular lesions, while bleeding (10.2%) was typical of the mixed @entity75 . Cytologically undifferentiated lesions were found in the toxic phase of @entity195 (50%). DISCUSSION: Solid lesions in @entity195 are characterized by @entity1373 , while the diagnosis of @entity548 is typical of mixed lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler US provides data on the functional phase of @entity195 and is a very useful tool to monitor medical treatment results; moreover, it permits to characterize the lesions with the richest vascularization, avoiding inadequate cytologic sampling.

title: [Ultrasonography, with Doppler color, and cytologic correlations in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['anechoic nodular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['Simple hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Plummer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Plummer's disease']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity11465 in outpatients with @entity22 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, controlled trial recruited 253 outpatients randomized to receive either @entity11465 (n = 126) or @entity17133 (n = 127) for 14 days followed by 1 week of follow-up for rebound detection. Sleep Dysfunction Rating Scale (SDRS) and Clinical General Impression Scale were applied for efficacy evaluation. Safety evaluation was based on data regarding vital signs, physical examination, lab tests, ECG and collection of adverse events. RESULTS: @entity10281 ( @entity10281 ) and Safety Set (SS) included data of 251 subjects, with 126 from @entity11465 group and 125 from @entity17133 group. @entity10281 ( @entity10281 ) analysis included data of 235 subjects, with 121 and 114 from each group. After 14 days of treatment, there was no difference with statistical significance between the two groups regarding SDRS total score change from baseline. @entity10281 and @entity10281 analysis showed that the @entity11465 is non-inferior to @entity17133 in efficacy evaluation. There was also no difference with statistical significance regarding rebound rate between @entity11465 and @entity17133 group in @entity10281 . The rate of adverse event in two groups was with no statistically significant difference in SS. CONCLUSION: @entity11465 is effective and safe in relieving the symptoms of @entity22 .

title: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, controlled trial on @entity11465 intervention in outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17133 :: ('MESH:D004949', 'Chemical') :: ['estazolam']

entities_list: @entity11465 :: ('MESH:C020960', 'Chemical') :: ['Brotizolam', 'brotizolam']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['Full Analyses Set', 'PPS', 'FAS', 'Per Protocol Set']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We hypothesize that serum human @entity27656 ( @entity14958 ) levels predict the presence of @entity263 among @entity1 prescreened by @entity1486 (PSA). @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 324 @entity1 who had no history of @entity263 and who were referred for prostate biopsy. PSA and @entity14958 levels were measured using specific nonisotopic immunometric techniques. Cases were @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity420 of the prostate from biopsy, and controls were @entity1 who had no evidence of @entity5 from biopsy. The odds ratio for detection of @entity263 was determined for @entity14958 measurements, controlling for age, total-PSA level, digital rectal examination, and symptoms of @entity1876 . RESULTS: Of 324 @entity1 , 159 (49.1%) had @entity5 . Mean @entity14958 levels and @entity14958 :free-PSA ratios were significantly higher in cases than in controls (1.18 v 0.53 ng/mL, respectively, for @entity14958 , P =.0001; 1.17 v 0.62 for @entity14958 :free-PSA ratio, P =.0001). The crude odds ratio for @entity263 detection for @entity1 in the highest quartile of @entity14958 level was 5.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8 to 12.1; P =.0001) compared with @entity1 in the lowest quartile. The adjusted odds ratio was 6.72 (95% CI, 2.9 to 15.6; P =.0001). Similarly, the crude and adjusted odds ratios for @entity263 detection using the @entity14958 :free-PSA ratio were 7.36 (95% CI, 3.6 to 15.1; P =.0001) and 8.06 (95% CI, 3. 7 to 17.4; P =.0001), respectively. These odds ratios were higher than that observed for @entity263 detection by total-PSA level (2.73; P =.03). CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 prescreened with PSA for @entity263 , @entity1 with high @entity14958 measurements have a five- to eight-fold increase in risk for @entity263 , adjusting for PSA level and other established risk factors. @entity14958 measurements may be a useful adjunct to PSA in improving @entity1 selection for prostate biopsy.

title: Serum human @entity27656 protease levels predict the presence of XXXX among @entity1 with elevated @entity1486 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity27656 :: ('3817', 'Gene') :: ['glandular kallikrein-2']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the timing, predictive factors, and prognostic value of cerebrovascular events (CVEs) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study included 1061 consecutive @entity1 who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a balloon-expandable (64%) or self-expandable (36%) valve. CVEs were classified as acute ( <=24 hours), subacute (1-30 days), or late (>30 days). CVEs occurred in 54 @entity1 (5.1%; @entity64 , 4.2%) within 30 days after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (acute in 54% of cases). The predictors of acute CVEs were balloon postdilation of the valve prosthesis (odds ratio, 2.46; 95% confidence interval,1.07-5.67) and @entity887 (odds ratio, 4.36; 95% CI, 1.21-15.69); new-onset @entity955 (odds ratio, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.11-6.83) was a predictor of subacute CVEs. Late CVEs occurred in 35 @entity1 (3.3%; @entity64 , 2.1%) at a median follow-up of 12 months (3-23 months). The predictors of late CVEs were chronic @entity955 (2.84; 95% CI, 1.46-5.53), @entity1095 (hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.02-3.97), and prior @entity66 (hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.01-4.15). Major @entity64 was associated with 30-day (odds ratio, 7.43; 95% CI, 2.45-22.53) and late (hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.01-3.04) mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of @entity1 undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation, the rates of acute and subacute CVEs were 2.7% and 2.4%, respectively. While balloon postdilation and @entity887 were the predictors of acute CVEs, new-onset @entity955 determined a higher risk for subacute events. Late events were determined mainly by a history of chronic @entity955 and peripheral and @entity66 . The occurrence of major @entity64 was associated with increased early and late mortality. These results provide important insights for the implementation of preventive measures for CVEs after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

title: Timing, predictive factors, and prognostic value of cerebrovascular events in a large cohort of XXXX undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['valve dislodgment/embolization']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our goals were to test the effect of @entity647 on @entity5 @entity3 and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We combined bacteria-induced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity647 ( @entity647 ) @entity19 models with @entity19 metastatic models to study the effect of acute @entity32 on lung @entity3 in @entity19 . The mechanisms were investigated in ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo studies. RESULTS: Both bacteria- and LPS-induced @entity647 significantly enhanced lung @entity3 of four tail vein-injected @entity19 @entity5 cell lines. Bacteria also enhanced lung @entity3 when 4T1 cells were orthotopically injected. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from LPS- or bacteria-injected @entity19 stimulated migration of @entity5 cells. In vivo tracking of metastatic RM-9 cells showed that bacterial injection enhanced early dissemination of @entity5 cells to the lung. The majority of the BALF migratory activity could be blocked by @entity9019 , a @entity9843 ( @entity9843 ) inhibitor. All tested cell lines expressed @entity9843 . The levels of extracellular ubiquitin, but not stromal cell-derived factor-1, in BALF were significantly increased by LPS. Ubiquitin was able to induce @entity9019 -sensitive migration of @entity5 cells. Finally, the antibacterial agent @entity115 and the @entity9843 inhibitor @entity9019 blocked the enhancement effect of @entity2348 @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity358 dramatically increased @entity5 cell homing to the lung and lung @entity3 . This change may be due to an alteration of the lung microenvironment and preparation of a favorable metastatic "niche." This effect was seen in @entity5 types and thus may have broad applications for @entity5 @entity1 in prevention and/or treatment of @entity3 .

title: The ubiquitin- @entity9843 axis plays an important role in @entity647 -enhanced lung tumor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection on tumor']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung infection', 'ALI', 'acute lung injury/inflammation']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: This study evaluates the progression of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) in the adult New Zealand white @entity95 temporomandibular joint following unilateral disc perforation. Thirty-seven animals were divided into five groups: control (n = 8), 6-week sham (n = 5), and experimental 6-, 12-, and 24-weeks (n = 8 each). Quantitative data was examined with two-way analysis of variance, and followed by Scheffe pair-wise comparisons. Transmission electron microscopy, acid phosphatase [AcP] activity, uronic acid content, and gross morphologic analysis indicated that disc perforation induced remodeling activity and degenerative changes in the condylar cartilage and bone as early as 6 weeks postoperatively. AcP activity of homogenized cartilage samples was significantly increased in experimental joints versus the side that did not undergo surgery at 6 and 12 weeks (P < .05). @entity13275 content was significantly greater in experimental joints versus the side that did not undergo surgery at 6 weeks (P < .05). Heightened cellular activity was present in the deep zone of osteoarthritic fibrocartilage of the 6- and 12-week experimental groups. Degenerating chondrocytes appeared to contain greater proportions of intracytoplasmic filaments and lysosome-like bodies. Disc perforation provided the impetus for @entity179 changes in the condylar cartilage of experimental joints, and is consistent with secondary @entity571 . These dynamic events were most significant in the deep zone of articular fibrocartilage.

title: Experimental temporomandibular joint disc perforation in the XXXX : a gross morphologic, biochemical, and ultrastructural analysis.

entities_list: @entity13275 :: ('CHEBI:27252', 'Chemical') :: ['Uronic acid']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative or remodeling']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of lymphocyte-related serum miRNAs to the pathogenesis of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and evaluate the predictive and prognosis value of miRNAs. Consecutive @entity1 who received allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT) in General Hospital of Jinan Military District were enrolled. @entity2132 @entity1 were diagnosed and graded clinically, and divided into the training set and the testing set. Blood samples were collected, total RNA was isolated, and RT-PCR was performed for miRNA expression (miR-181a-3p, @entity15453 -3p and @entity10398 ). Intracellular cytokines levels were assayed by flow cytometry, and the disease specificity assay of miRNAs for @entity2132 was detected. A total of 120 @entity1 were admitted. Serum level of miR-181a in @entity2132 @entity1 was highly increased and associated with the severity of @entity2132 , but not @entity15453 and @entity10398 . Levels of cytokines including @entity1199 , @entity13236 , and @entity4155 were positively correlated with miR-181a level, while serum @entity4047 level was negatively correlated with miR-181a level in @entity2132 @entity1 . Moreover, increased miR-181a level was not detected in @entity1 with acute rejection after kidney transplantation or @entity295 @entity1 . MiR-181a level was sensitively and specifically increased, especially in severe @entity2132 @entity1 . MiR-181a may be a potential biomarker for the identification, diagnosis, and prognosis of @entity2132 @entity1 .

title: Serum microRNA181a: Correlates with the intracellular cytokine levels and a potential biomarker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease', 'aGVHD']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous meta-analyses have had conflicting conclusions regarding the differences between laparoscopic and open techniques in @entity1 with @entity30 . The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare outcomes in @entity1 with @entity30 undergoing laparoscopic or open surgical resection. METHODS: A literature search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the US National Institute of Health's Clinical Trials Registry was completed. Randomized clinical trials and non-randomized comparative studies were included if laparoscopic and open surgical resections were compared. Primary outcomes assessed included perioperative complications, recurrence requiring surgery, @entity1744 and incisional @entity547 . RESULTS: 34 studies were included in the analysis, and represented 2,519 @entity1 . Pooled analysis showed @entity146 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic resection vs. open resection (Risk Ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.58 - 0.86, P = 0.001). There was no evidence of a difference in the rate of surgical recurrence (Rate Ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.54 - 1.11, P = 0.17) or @entity1744 (Rate Ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.28 - 1.45, P = 0.28) between techniques. There was evidence of a decrease in incisional @entity547 following laparoscopic surgery (Rate Ratio 0.24, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.82, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest review in this topic. The results of this analysis are based primarily on non-randomized studies and thus have significant limitations in regards to selection bias, confounding, lack of blinding and potential publication bias. Although we found evidence of @entity532 and incisional @entity547 in the laparoscopic group, further randomized controlled trials, with adequate follow up, are needed before strong recommendations can be made.

title: Laparoscopic surgery for XXXX : a meta-analysis of perioperative complications and long term outcomes compared with open surgery.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced perioperative complications']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['decreased perioperative complications']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) reduces @entity158 through central mechanisms involving spinal cord and brainstem sites. Since TENS acts through central mechanisms, we hypothesized that TENS will reduce chronic @entity1931 produced by unilateral @entity32 when applied either ipsilateral or contralateral to the site of @entity121 . @entity35 were injected with carrageenan in the left gastrocnemius muscle belly. Mechanical withdrawal threshold was tested bilaterally before and 2 weeks after carrageenan injection. After testing withdrawal thresholds at 2 weeks, @entity35 received TENS treatment either ipsilateral or contralateral to the site of @entity32 . In each of these groups, @entity35 were randomized to control (no TENS), low frequency (4 Hz), or high frequency (100 Hz) TENS treatment. TENS was applied for 20 min at sensory intensity under light @entity1508 anesthesia. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds were re-assessed after TENS or 'no TENS' treatment. Unilateral injection of carrageenan to the gastrocnemius muscle significantly reduced the mechanical withdrawal threshold ( @entity1931 ) bilaterally 2 weeks later. Either low or high frequency TENS applied to the gastrocnemius muscle ipsilateral to the site of @entity32 significantly reversed @entity1931 , both ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of @entity32 . Low or high frequency TENS applied to the gastrocnemius muscle contralateral to the site of @entity32 also significantly reduced @entity1931 , both ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of @entity32 . Since ipsilateral or contralateral TENS treatments were effective in reducing chronic @entity1931 in this animal model, we suggest that TENS act through modulating descending influences from supraspinal sites such as rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM).

title: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) reduces chronic XXXX induced by @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia', 'bilateral hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle inflammation']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Grafts are used for vaginal repair after prolapse, but their use to carry stem cells to regenerate vaginal tissue has not been reported. In this study, we investigated whether 1) muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) grown on small intestinal submucosa (SIS) generate smooth-muscle cells (SMC) in vitro and upon implantation in a @entity35 model of @entity8218 ; 2) express markers applicable to the in-vivo detection of vaginal endogenous stem cells; and 3) stimulate the repair of the vagina. METHODS: @entity19 MDSC grown on monolayer, SIS, or polymeric mesh, were tested for cell differentiation by immunocytochemistry, Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Stem cell markers were screened by DNA microarrays followed by real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot. @entity35 that underwent hysterectomy and partial vaginectomy were left as such or implanted in the vagina with @entity14939 ( @entity14939 )-labeled MDSC on SIS, or SIS without MDSC, immunosuppressed, and killed at 2-8 weeks. Immunofluorescence, @entity1710 - @entity1711 , and Masson trichrome were applied to tissue sections. RESULTS: Muscle-derived stem cell cultures on monolayer and on scaffolds differentiate into SMC, as shown by @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ), calponin, and @entity47275 markers. Muscle-derived stem cells express embryonic stem cell markers Oct-4 and nanog. Dual DAPI/ @entity1918 fluorescence indicated MDSC conversion to SMC. Muscle-derived stem cells/SIS stimulated vaginal tissue repair, including @entity47276 positive epithelium formation and prevented @entity82 at 4 and 8 weeks. Oct-4+ putative endogenous stem cells were identified. CONCLUSION: Muscle-derived stem cells/SIS implants stimulate vaginal tissue repair in the @entity35 , thus autologous MDSC on scaffolds may be a promising approach for the treatment of vaginal repair.

title: Stimulating vaginal repair in XXXX through skeletal muscle-derived stem cells seeded on small intestinal submucosal scaffolds.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ASMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity8218 :: ('MESH:D014623', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal defects']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ['DAPI', "4',6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Eph-ephrin system is a unique system that can induce multiple cellular responses such as cell migration, regulation of angiogenesis, and axonal guidance. Previously, the Eph-ephrin system was reported to regulate @entity1 extravillous trophoblast invasion. In this study, we examined the possible involvement of the Eph-ephrin system in the invasion of @entity1469 using a @entity1 @entity1466 -derived cell line, JEG-3. METHODS: The mRNA expression of class A Ephs and ephrins on JEG-3 cells was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The effects of recombinant @entity1 @entity6259 (r- @entity6259 ) and r- @entity50516 on the proliferation and invasion of JEG-3 cells were investigated by cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion assays. The alterations of integrin expression on JEG-3 cells in the presence of r- @entity6259 and r- @entity50516 were investigated by flow cytometry. The induction of phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in JEG-3 cells by r- @entity50516 was examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, mRNAs of @entity6259 , A2, and A4 and @entity25334 , A4, and A5 were detected on JEG-3 cells. In Matrigel invasion assay, both r- @entity6259 and r- @entity50516 promoted the invasion of JEG-3 cells without affecting cell proliferation. During 24-hour culture with r- @entity6259 and r- @entity50516 , the increase in integrin a 5 expression on JEG-3 cells was observed by flow cytometry. Western blotting analysis showed that r- @entity50516 induced dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in JEG-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Eph-ephrin interaction plays some role in the regulation of @entity1466 invasion in cooperation with integrins.

title: Eph-ephrin A system regulates XXXX @entity1466 -derived JEG-3 cell invasion.

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gestational trophoblastic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although wild ruminants have been identified as reservoirs of Shiga-toxin producing @entity526 (STEC), little information is available concerning the role of @entity5746 spp. and Campylobacter spp. in large game species. We evaluated the presence of these pathogens in faeces (N=574) and carcasses (N=585) sampled from @entity2498 (N=295), @entity1707 (N=333) and other ungulates (fallow deer, mouflon) (N=9). Animal sampling was done in situ from 33 hunting estates during two hunting seasons. @entity5746 spp. and Campylobacter spp. strains associated with @entity1 campylobacteriosis were infrequently detected indicating that both pathogens had a limited zoonotic risk in our study area. The overall STEC prevalence in animals was 21% (134/637), being significantly higher in faeces from @entity2498 (90 out of 264). A total of 58 isolates were serotyped. Serotypes O146:H- and O27:H30 were the most frequent in @entity2498 and the majority of isolates from @entity2498 and @entity1707 were from serotypes previously found in STEC strains associated with @entity1 @entity281 , including the serotype O157:H7. The STEC prevalence in @entity2498 faeces was significantly higher with the presence of livestock (p<0, 01) where high densities of @entity2498 (p<0.001) were present. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the occurrence of @entity5746 spp. and STEC in carcasses of large game animals. Furthermore, this study confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) that cross contamination of STEC during carcass dressing occurred, implying the likelihood of these pathogens entering into the food chain.

title: Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 , XXXX spp. and Campylobacter spp. in large game animals intended for consumption: relationship with management practices and livestock influence.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['Salmonella']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to study the correlation between diagnostic delay and the stage of the @entity2 at the time of operation. A second objective was to study differences in symptoms between the @entity1 grouped according to stage. METHODS: A total of 172 @entity1 consecutively admitted for surgery between 1 January 1994 and 1 June 1995 at the Department of @entity65 of Rigshospitalet National Hospital of Denmark were included in the retrospective study. Two groups of @entity1 were compared, one group with good prognosis ( @entity1 in Stages I and II) and one group with poor prognosis ( @entity1 in Stages III and IV). The time-spans studied were: (1) interval from the @entity1 's perception of the first symptom to operation; and (2) the time from first contact with the healthcare-system to operation. The median delay between the @entity1 -groups was compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. To compare the symptoms which brought the @entity1 in contact with the healthcare-system, the chi2-test was used. RESULTS: In the time interval between appearance of the first symptom and operation, a significantly shorter median delay was found for @entity1 with Stages I and II compared to Stages III and IV (P = 0.037). Concerning the interval from first contact with the healthcare system to operation a significantly shorter median delay was found for the group of @entity1 in Stage I and II compared to the @entity1 -group in Stage III and IV (P = 0.017). It was found that the @entity5 was an accidental finding, significantly more often in @entity1 in Stages I or II compared to @entity1 in Stages III or IV (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: A few months delay before final treatment of a @entity1149 seems to have an impact on the perioperative stage of the @entity5 , and thereby on the @entity1 prognosis. A screening of asymptomatic risk-group @entity1 will result in recognition of early @entity2 .

title: The impact of delayed diagnosis of XXXX on the stage at the time of operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor ( @entity6823 ), the product of the @entity6823 proto-oncogene, regulates normal proliferation and differentiation of macrophages and trophoblasts. Recent research found abnormal expression of @entity6823 in @entity1 @entity189 of the breast, endometrium, and ovary. Furthermore, activation of @entity6824 R by its ligand has been shown to regulate invasiveness and anchorage-independent growth in @entity0 cells. To study the significance of @entity6823 expression in @entity0 , we designed a case-controlled immunohistochemical study. We chose 80 @entity1 from a database of 1200 early stage I or II @entity0 @entity1 treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy. Expression of @entity6823 in the @entity5 of 40 @entity1 who experienced an ipsilateral @entity0 recurrence (IBTR) as a primary site of relapse were compared with 40 @entity1 who had not experienced an IBTR. The index and control @entity1 were matched by age, clinical stage, nodal status, and follow-up. @entity982 -embedded sections were immunostained with antibodies directed toward @entity6823 . For the @entity6823 antibody, a total of 28 index cases (70%) demonstrated strong staining, whereas only 16 control cases (40%) demonstrated high immunoreactivity (P = 0.007). The @entity6824 R antibody showed a positive correlation for local relapse, but no correlation was found between @entity6823 expression and distant @entity3 . In summary, our findings provide evidence for the poor prognostic role of @entity6823 in IBTR.

title: Prognostic significance of colony-stimulating factor receptor expression in ipsilateral XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity99 is endemic in areas of the Far East, including Taiwan, where @entity1 commonly eat raw or partially cooked freshwater fish. GOALS: To analyze and explore the cholangiographic findings of @entity99 with respect to the clinical data. STUDY: From February 1990 to May 1999, 64 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity99 in the Kaoshiung Veterans General Hospital. Eighteen of the 64 @entity1 were indicated for @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ). The final diagnosis was confirmed by identification of ova in bile or worms in the biliary tract. RESULTS: Fifteen (83%) of 18 @entity1 had history of raw fish consumption and seven @entity1 (39%) came from an endemic area. Clinically, @entity255 (8 of 18) was the most frequent indication for @entity10747 . All of the @entity1 were diagnosed by the presence of ova in bile. Only seven (39%) @entity1 had peripheral @entity1712 , and seven (39%) had ova in stool. The most characteristic cholangiographic finding of @entity99 in @entity10747 is filamentous or elliptic filling defects of the biliary tract (16 of 18). CONCLUSION: When presented with biliary symptoms, a history of raw fish consumption in an endemic area should arouse suspicion of @entity99 . Filamentous filling defects in @entity10747 with bile analysis may confirm the diagnosis.

title: The clinical and cholangiographic picture of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic clonorchiasis', 'hepatic clonorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic clonorchiasis']


abstract: AIMS: To determine levels of @entity262 among cases of @entity204 due to @entity137 . DESIGN: Analysis of coronial cases. SETTING: Sydney, Australia. CASES: A total of 841 cases of @entity204 due to @entity137 (1 January 1998-31 December 2002). FINDINGS: @entity123 was present in 5.9% of cases and severe @entity453 in 5.7%. Severe coronary pathology was more pronounced among older cases. Pre-existing @entity3127 was present in 13.2% of cases. Hepatic pathology was the most common type of pathology, and was far more marked among older cases. @entity82 was present in 25.3% of those aged > 44 years. Levels of renal pathology were comparatively low, but were related significantly to increasing age. @entity262 in more than one organ system was present in 24.4% of cases, and was related to increasing age (44% of those aged > 44 years). The only pathology for which gender was an independent predictor among opioid cases was @entity123 , more common in males. CONCLUSIONS: @entity409 , is common among fatal @entity137 cases, and may be a factor in understanding the dynamics and age demographics of opioid-related @entity204 .

title: XXXX among cases of fatal @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['opioid toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic disease, most prominently liver disease']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic disease', 'systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular hypertrophy', 'ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['Systemic disease']


abstract: Anterior rhinomanometry (aR) is the standard method for measurement of nasal resistance, but it has some drawbacks because it requires full co-operation of the @entity1 and the results are disturbed by forced ventilation due to @entity850 . The @entity1 must generate flow by active ventilation. Resistance results from the flow/pressure ratio. Forced oscillation technique (IOS) does not affect spontaneous @entity1353 . Flow/pressure ratio is generated externally by a loudspeaker. IOS measures not only resistance but also reactance. Whereas former methods used only a single frequency IOS is capable of applying and analysing frequencies between 0 and 100 Hz. The range from 5 to 35 Hz is useful for diagnostic issues. We compared IOS with aR in nasal provocation tests with @entity112 and checked the sensitivity of resistance (R) and reactance (X) at different frequencies. METHOD: 20 @entity1 (13 m, 7 f) underwent nasal challenge test using increasing doses of @entity112 (max. 3.2 mg). Resistance (aR, IOS) and reactance (IOS) were measured parallel. To compare the two methods, we calculated the dose of @entity112 which is required to double nasal resistance. RESULTS: 1. IOS demonstrates the increase of R at all frequencies. 2. The highest increase of R is measured at a frequency of 5 Hz (5 Hz: @entity1219 0.41 +/- 0.25; Hist. 1.26 +/- 0.57; 35 Hz: @entity1219 0.36 +/- 0.172; Hist. 0.60 +/- 0.1 kPa/l/s, p < 0.001). 3. The critical dose is significantly lower in IOS than in aR (2.29 +/- 2.59 vs. 1.06 +/- 1.16 mg/ml, p < 0.02). 4. Basal values of R do not differ significantly between aR and IOS (0.37 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.25 kPa/l/s, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude from our results that IOS is at least equivalent to aR in measuring nasal resistance. R at 5 Hz is the most important parameter in IOS. IOS is less dependent on the cooperation of the @entity1 . In case of @entity850 it does not require forced ventilation to achieve the required flow-pressure ratio.

title: [Comparison of anterior rhinomanometry and impulse oscillometry in nasal provocation with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of using the proximal fibular graft for partial wrist arthrodesis or arthroplasty after the resection of @entity5 of the distal radius. METHODS: Between February 2006 and August 2010, 14 @entity1 (seven males, seven females; average age, 35.7 years) with grade II and @entity5 of the distal radius were treated by @entity5 resection and autologous proximal fibular grafts to reconstruct the wrist in our hospital. Seven @entity1 each were treated by wrist arthroplasty and partial wrist arthrodesis, and were followed up for 2.2-6.8 years (average, 3.9 years). RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved primary healing. No @entity5 recurrence was observed during follow-up in any of the @entity1 . No statistically significant difference in forearm rotation was observed between @entity1 undergoing the two different treatments. However, wrist flexion-extension activities were significantly better and the wrist grip strengths were significantly worse in the arthroplasty group than in the arthrodesis group. The @entity5 Society score did not significantly differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, joint arthroplasty remains a favourable treatment with regard to the functional outcome for @entity5 of the distal radius; however, some of these @entity1 may have a weaker grip strength. In comparison, partial wrist fusion appears to provide a durable and stable wrist with good long-term functional outcome.

title: Partial wrist arthrodesis versus arthroplasty for distal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumour', 'III giant cell tumours', 'giant cell tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['radius giant cell tumours']


abstract: Ultrastructural and morphometric features of 10 @entity189 of the breast (MC) were investigated. Cases with a long follow-up were selected by applying stringent histologic criteria. All @entity5 had a homogeneous appearance by light microscopy. Under transmission electron microscopy, they showed occasional intracellular lumen formation or keratinization. In one @entity5 squamous differentiation was prominent and diffuse. @entity5 with lymph node metastases possessed over 40% more desmosomes than @entity5 . The number of cells with three or more nucleoli per nuclear section was significantly higher in metastatic than in @entity5 (p = .02). Classic cases of MC of the breast display a relatively uniform appearance. However, subtle differences can be identified between metastatic and @entity5 by ultrastructural morphometry. Although these differences are not associated with changes in the outcome of @entity1 in this study, they seem to bear some relationship to the peculiar behavior of MC.

title: XXXX of the breast: an ultrastructural morphometric study of nine cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'nonmetastatic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Medullary carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: Long-term (>20 years) survival and clinical outcome are only partly documented in @entity1 who underwent surgical repair for isolated @entity849 . Yet, such data are of critical importance for the future perspectives, medical care, employability, and insurability of these @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity849 between 1968 and 1980 at the Thoraxcenter. A systematic follow-up study was performed in 1990 and again in 2001. Survival after 25 years was 93%. Re-intervention was necessary in 15% of the @entity1 , mainly for @entity338 . Right @entity2554 and @entity10107 were associated with the need for reoperation. No major @entity943 occurred. @entity943 occurred, only in @entity1 with severe @entity338 and disappeared after reoperation. At last follow-up, 67% of the @entity1 was in NYHA Class I and maximal exercise capacity was 90% of normal. Moderate or severe @entity338 was present in 37% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Although long-term survival and quality of life are good, @entity338 is found in a third of the @entity1 22-33 years after surgical repair for isolated @entity849 and reoperation for @entity338 was necessary in 9%, especially after the transannular patch technique.

title: Long-term outcome after surgery for XXXX (a longitudinal study of 22-33 years).

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical septal motion']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'Supraventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 treated with conventional hemodialysis (HD) develop @entity209 that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. More frequent and longer HD has been associated with improvement in @entity2265 that may improve outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis to inform the clinical practice guideline on intensive dialysis for the Canadian Society of Nephrology. SETTING _ POPULATION: Adult @entity1 receiving outpatient long (>= 5.5 hours/session; 3-4 times per week) or long-frequent (>= 5.5 hours/session, >= 5 sessions per week) HD. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: We included clinical trials, cohort studies, case series, case reports, and systematic reviews. INTERVENTIONS: Dialysate @entity460 concentration >= 1.5 mmol/L and/or @entity1391 additive. OUTCOMES: @entity174 , peripheral arterial and @entity453 , @entity730 , mortality, intradialytic @entity551 , parathyroidectomy, @entity730 , markers of mineral metabolism, diet liberalization, @entity1391 -binder use, and muscle mass. RESULTS: 21 studies were identified: 2 randomized controlled trials, 2 reanalyses of data from the randomized controlled trials, and 17 observational studies. Dialysate @entity460 concentration >= 1.5 mmol/L for @entity1 treated with long and long-frequent HD prevents an increase in parathyroid hormone levels and a decline in bone mineral density without causing harm. Both long and long-frequent HD were associated with a reduction in serum @entity1391 level of 0.42-0.45 mmol/L and a reduction in @entity1391 -binder use. There was no direct evidence to support the use of a dialysate @entity1391 additive. LIMITATIONS: Almost all the available information is related to changes in laboratory values and surrogate outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Dialysate @entity460 concentration >= 1.5 mmol/L for most @entity1 treated with long and long-frequent dialysis prevents an increase in parathyroid hormone levels and decline in bone mineral density without increased risk of @entity730 . It seems prudent to add @entity1391 to the dialysate for @entity1 with a low predialysis @entity1391 level or very low postdialysis @entity1391 level until more evidence becomes available.

title: Dialysate XXXX concentration and mineral metabolism in long and long-frequent hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis for a Canadian Society of Nephrology clinical practice guideline.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fragility fracture']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification', 'extraosseous calcification', 'calcific uremic arteriolopathy']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of mineral metabolism']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors are often the first ionotropic @entity2227 receptors expressed at early stages of development and appear to influence neuronal differentiation by mediating @entity141 influx. Although less well studied, @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptors also can generate @entity141 elevations and may have developmental roles. We document the presence of @entity140 and @entity143 class receptors and the absence of kainate class receptors with whole cell voltage-clamp recordings from @entity1238 embryonic spinal neurons differentiated in vitro. Reversal potential measurements indicate that @entity140 receptors are permeable to @entity141 both in differentiated neurons and at the time they first are expressed. The PCa/Pmonocation of 1.9 is close to that of cloned @entity141 -permeable @entity140 receptors expressed in heterologous systems. @entity141 imaging reveals that @entity141 elevations are elicited by @entity140 or @entity143 in the absence of @entity1025 . The amplitudes and durations of these agonist-induced @entity141 elevations are similar to those of spontaneous @entity141 transients known to act as differentiation signals in these cells. Two sources of @entity141 amplify @entity140 - and @entity143 -induced @entity141 elevations. Activation of voltage-gated @entity141 channels by @entity140 - or @entity143 -mediated depolarization contributes approximately 15 or 30% of cytosolic @entity141 elevations, respectively. Activation of either class of receptor produces elevations of @entity141 that elicit further release of @entity141 from @entity2426 -sensitive but @entity8452 -insensitive stores, contributing an additional approximately 30% of @entity141 elevations. Voltage-clamp recordings and @entity141 imaging both show that these spinal neurons express functional @entity140 receptors soon after neurite initiation and before expression of @entity143 receptors. The @entity141 permeability of @entity140 receptors, their ability to generate significant elevations of [ @entity141 ]i, and their appearance before synapse formation position them to play roles in neural development. Spontaneous release of agonists from growth cones is detected with @entity2227 receptors in outside-out patches, suggesting that spinal neurons are early, nonsynaptic sources of @entity2227 that can influence neuronal differentiation in vivo.

title: @entity140 and @entity143 receptors expressed by differentiating XXXX spinal neurons.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl--aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA', 'alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: A wide spectrum of @entity358 occurs in @entity1 with @entity3673 . Those complications include @entity1030 , hemoptysis, pneumothorax, @entity456 , @entity378 , @entity792 , anthracofibrosis, @entity401 , and @entity5 . Generally, imaging workup starts with plain chest radiography. However, sometimes, plain radiography has limited role in the diagnosis of @entity358 of @entity3673 because of overlapping pneumoconiotic infiltration. Computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are potentially helpful for the detection of @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity3673 . CT, with its excellent contrast resolution, is more sensitive and specific method than plain radiograph in the evaluation of @entity358 . CT is useful in detecting lung parenchymal abnormalities caused by @entity281 , anthracofibrosis, and @entity401 . Also, CT is valuable in distinguishing localized pneumothorax from bullae and aiding the identification of multiloculated effusions. US can be used in detection of complicated pleural effusions and guidance of the thoracentesis procedure. MRI is useful for differentiating between progressive massive @entity82 and @entity2 . Radiologists need to be familiar with the radiologic and clinical manifestations of, as well as diagnostic approaches to, complications associated with @entity3673 . Knowledge of the various imaging features of @entity358 of @entity3673 can enhance early diagnosis and improve the chance to cure.

title: Complications of XXXX : radiologic overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications', 'pulmonary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['chronic interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural disease']

answer: @entity3673 :: (MESH:D011009,Disease) :: ['pneumoconiosis']


abstract: Synthesis rates of @entity28431 , trypsinogen 2 (Tg2), chymotrypsinogen 1 (Chtg1), and @entity9112 , were measured in control @entity35 fed a 20% protein diet for 46 days and in malnourished @entity35 fed a 5% protein diet for 23 days ( @entity3147 ) followed by refeeding a balanced diet for 23 days. In the control group, a progressive pancreatic maturation (namely an increase in hydrolase synthesis per gram of tissue) appeared with age. In the malnourished group, pancreas maturation of the four hydrolases was inhibited. Synthesis rates of the four hydrolases were reduced to a lesser extent from day 2 of @entity3147 . With continued @entity3147 , Tg2 synthesis rates remained steady, whereas the @entity9112 synthesis rate continued to decrease and Chtg1 and amylase rates started to increase. As soon as refeeding was initiated, an important enhancement in synthesis was observed. The synthesis rates of Tg2, Chtg1, and amylase actually showed a rebound effect, then decreased with the refeeding time to reach control values, except for Chtg1, which remained higher than control values throughout the refeeding phase. @entity9112 synthesis rate rose more slowly and reached the control values only after 9 days of refeeding. The retention threshold (pancreas tissue versus pancreatic secretion) values showed that the storage levels were different from one hydrolase to the other and were variable with age in the control group, and with @entity3147 and refeeding times in the malnourished group. In the control group, a preferential secretion of newly synthesized enzymes was observed in young @entity35 , whereas with age, the proportion of newly synthesized hydrolases excreted decreased slowly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Time course of changes in XXXX pancreatic synthesis rates and retention thresholds of four hydrolases during consumption of a low-protein followed by a balanced diet.

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['protein malnutrition']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the introduction of an early medical abortion program with @entity1499 and @entity396 , using a standardized protocol. METHODS: A total of 1973 @entity1 at 34 Planned Parenthood sites participated in a case series of early medical abortion. Ultrasound was used to confirm gestational age of less than 49 days from the first day of the last menstrual period. @entity1 were given intramuscular @entity1499 50 mg/m(2) of body surface area on day 1, and then they inserted @entity396 800 microg vaginally at home on day 5, 6, or 7. @entity1 were advised to have a suction curettage if the pregnancy appeared viable 2 weeks after @entity1499 or if any gestational sac persisted 4 weeks after @entity1499 . Outcomes were complete medical abortion and suction curettage. RESULTS: Sixteen hundred fifty-nine @entity1 (84.1%) had a complete medical abortion, and 257 (13.0%) had suction curettage. The most common reason for curettage was @entity1 option (8.9%). At 2 weeks after @entity1499 use, 1.4% of @entity1 had curettage because of a viable pregnancy; at 4 weeks, 1.6% of @entity1 had curettage because of a persistent but nonviable pregnancy. One percent of @entity1 had curettage because of physician recommendation, most commonly for @entity548 . Suction curettage rates decreased with site experience (P <.006) and were lower at early gestational ages (P <.004) and in nulliparous @entity1 (P <.004). CONCLUSION: Medical abortion with @entity1499 and @entity396 is safe and effective and can be offered in a community setting.

title: Early medical abortion with @entity1499 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We present a rare but serious complication of Essure microinsert sterilization. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. RESULTS: A 42-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity490 and abdominal distension 1 month after uncomplicated Essure sterilization. Abdominal X-ray showed @entity1744 . At subsequent laparotomy, a stretched Essure device was found ensnaring the terminal ileum. It had caused strangulation and local perforation of the bowel wall. The device was removed and an ileocecal resection with side-to-side ileocolostomy was performed. In retrospect, the aberrant location of the right Essure device near the ileocecal junction was noticed on the abdominal X-ray. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates that perforation of an Essure device can result in a serious complication leading to ileocecal resection. An abdominal X-ray with specific attention to the correct location of the Essure coils is advisable for @entity1 presenting with @entity1744 after Essure sterilization.

title: XXXX and perforation after Essure sterilization: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Small bowel obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A recent review of the national @entity5 center registry Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database revealed that in the United States, 25% of @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) are managed with observation. Several articles have questioned the aggressive treatment of these slow growing @entity5 . Concern has been raised that data from the SEER database might be biased towards treatment as @entity1 who chose observation are less likely to be seen at a @entity5 center. To try and adjust for this potential bias, we decided to investigate management trends of @entity5513 in the United States using @entity1 surveys conducted by the @entity5513 Association (ANA). Study design. Database review. METHODS: Data from the 1998 and 2008 ANA @entity1 's surveys were analyzed to detect trends between @entity5 size and treatment modality. Management trends including observation, microsurgical resection and radiation were examined as well based on @entity5 size criteria. RESULTS: During this study period, @entity5 size at diagnosis decreased significantly (1966-1998: 23.8%  <= 1.5 cm; 1999-2008: 45.3%  <= 1.5 cm). The use of microsurgery decreased from 92.7% to 53.4%, while the use of radiosurgery/radiotherapy increased from 5% to 24.2% and observation increased to 22.4%. CONCLUSION: Review of data from the ANA confirmed that radiosurgery, and watch and wait are gaining popularity as treatment options. Regardless of this shift in @entity5 management, microsurgery continues to be the primary method of treatment across @entity5 sizes in the United States of America and observation remains the least common management modality.

title: The changing face of XXXX management in the USA: analysis of the 1998 and 2008 @entity1 surveys from the @entity5513 association.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['Acoustic Neuroma', 'Acoustic Neuromas', 'AN']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: @entity5003 ( @entity5003 ) is a potent agent that induces a wide range of biological effects. The action of @entity5003 is mediated by surface @entity5003 receptors (IL-1R). Two types of @entity5003 receptors have been identified in lymphocytes. In this study we examined activity of @entity634 in two @entity19 lymphocyte lines that express different types of @entity5003 receptors. The T lymphoid cell line EL-4 6.1 C10 expresses type I IL-1R that mediates @entity634 -induced @entity2047 gene expression and secretion of @entity2047 . The pre-B lymphoid cell line 70Z/3 was previously shown to express type II IL-1R and responds to @entity634 by expressing immunoglobulin kappa light chain mRNA and increased levels of surface IgM. We found that @entity634 was as potent in inducing IgM expression in 70Z/3 cells as it was in inducing @entity2047 secretion in EL-4 6.1 C10 cells. Likewise, the @entity634 concentration sufficient to trigger kappa light chain gene expression in 70Z/3 cells was similar to the concentration of @entity634 sufficient to trigger @entity2047 gene expression in EL-4 6.1 C10. In both cell lines, @entity634 activated @entity1991 -like DNA-binding activity but in EL-4 6.1 C10 cells the @entity634 concentration sufficient to induce @entity1991 response was 1000-fold lower than in 70Z/3 cells. Monoclonal antibody, mAb M15, to the type I IL-1R blocked @entity5003 -induced responses in EL-4 6.1 C10 cells. Surprisingly mAb M15 also blocked @entity5003 action in 70Z/3 cells, even though these cells predominantly express type II IL-1R. 15% of the total @entity5003 binding sites in 70Z/3 cells were recognized by mAb M15. @entity1 @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ), which binds to the natural @entity19 type I but not the type II IL-1R, blocked @entity634 responses in EL-4 6.1 C10 and 70Z/3 cells. Although at low levels, Northern blot analysis confirmed that 70Z/3 cells express low levels of type I IL-1R mRNA. Taken together, these results suggest that type I IL-1R are expressed and transduce @entity5003 signals in both 70Z/3 and El-4 6.1 C10 cells.

title: Comparison of @entity634 effectiveness in activating XXXX pre-B and T cell lines.

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity6058 0.5% ophthalmic solution with its vehicle in the treatment of @entity32 after @entity231 surgery and intraocular lens implantation. DESIGN: Multicenter clinical study. @entity1 : One hundred four @entity1 were prospectively randomized, 52 @entity1 in treatment group, 52 @entity1 in control group. METHODS: @entity1 received either @entity6058 or vehicle four times daily in the operated eye for 14 days starting the day after surgery in a prospective, double-masked, randomized, parallel group study. Only @entity1 with moderate or greater postoperative @entity32 the day after surgery were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures include @entity32 (cell, flare, @entity1671 ), intraocular pressure and visual acuity. RESULTS: @entity6058 was significantly more effective than vehicle in reducing the manifestations of @entity86 , including: anterior chamber cells (P: = 0.002) and flare (P: = 0.009), conjunctival erythema (P: = 0.010), @entity1671 (P: = 0.022), @entity3917 (P: = 0.027), and @entity158 (P: = 0.043). Five times as many @entity1 were dropped from the study for lack of efficacy from the vehicle group (22/52) than from the @entity6058 group (4/52; P: = 0.001). @entity6058 was found to be equally as safe as vehicle in terms of adverse events, changes in visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and biomicroscopic and ophthalmoscopic variables. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6058 @entity8973 0.5% ophthalmic solution was significantly more effective than vehicle in the treatment of moderate or greater @entity32 following routine @entity231 surgery, while being as safe as vehicle.

title: Topical @entity6058 @entity8973 0.5% ophthalmic solution in XXXX after @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1671 :: ('MESH:D005483', 'Disease') :: ['ciliary flush']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac', 'Ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['ocular inflammation']


abstract: @entity2910 are rare. We report the clinicopathologic features of one of the largest series of @entity2910 from a single institution. We retrospectively reviewed the Cleveland Clinic pathology database (1985-2010) for @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity2910 (s). Clinicopathologic features of 30 cases from 28 @entity1 were analyzed. The group included 15 females and 13 males with a mean age at diagnosis of 56 years. These include 9 excisions, 9 esophagectomies, and 12 endoscopic biopsies. Only one partial esophagectomy was performed solely for a symptomatic 14-cm @entity2909 ; the remainder of the resections (n= 8) were for other indications, including @entity418 (Barrett's esophagus-related @entity420 and @entity957 ) and emergent esophageal perforation, with @entity2909 being an incidental finding. One @entity1 (2.5%) had two @entity7158 (14 cm and 0.3 cm). @entity5 size ranged from 0.1 to 14 cm (mean = 2.0 cm). Mean @entity5 size among symptomatic @entity1 was 5.2 cm, as compared with 0.4 cm in asymptomatic @entity1 . @entity1282 was the most common complaint in symptomatic @entity1 (71.4%). Sixty-nine percent of the @entity5 were located in the distal and middle thirds of the esophagus, with most (69.6%) arising from muscularis propria. Histologically, these @entity5 were composed of bland spindle cells with low cellularity, no nuclear atypia, or mitotic activity. Only one case (14 cm) showed focal moderate cellularity and nuclear atypia, with low mitotic activity (<1/10 high power field). Immunohistochemical studies showed @entity5 cells were positive for smooth muscle actin, and negative for @entity2280 and @entity2467 . Follow-up information was available for 22 @entity1 (78.6%), and none had adverse events related to @entity2909 . In summary, @entity2910 is a rare @entity5 . @entity1 with @entity5 were more likely to have symptoms. The majority of the @entity5 were in the lower and mid-esophagus, and arose from muscularis propria. These @entity5 behave in a clinically benign fashion.

title: XXXX : experience from a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'benign tumor of the esophagus', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal leiomyomas', 'esophageal leiomyoma', 'Esophageal leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['Esophageal leiomyoma']


abstract: @entity66 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute @entity788 . Generally, cells respond to oxidative stress with adaptive changes in gene expression aimed at preventing cellular damage and increasing their survival. However, the overall extent of these genetic changes remains poorly defined. This issue was, therefore, examined in the current study. Following exposure of @entity35 pancreatic AR42J cells to 0.08 mM @entity273 ( @entity274 ), a concentration failing to induce @entity39 cell death, the expression of 96 stress-related genes was monitored by cDNA microarray analysis. @entity274 provoked a time-dependent reorientation of 54 genes. In particular, at 6 and 24 h, 27 and 11 genes were induced, whereas 10 and 6 genes were suppressed, respectively, showing that the degree of change was stronger at the early time point, and that the number of up-regulated genes was obviously larger than the number of down-regulated genes. Reverse transcription-PCR for selected genes confirmed the gene expression pattern. Many of the differentially up-regulated genes can be related to the antioxidant enzymatic defense system, to cell cycle arrest, to repair and/or replacement of damaged DNA, to repair of damaged protein, and to activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. The results suggest that AR42J cells respond to sublethal oxidative stress with transient transcriptional activation of multiple defense mechanisms that may be an indication for a complex adaptation process. An understanding of the cellular stress responses may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related diseases including acute @entity788 .

title: @entity273 -induced activation of defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in XXXX pancreatic acinar AR42J cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This review examines evidence that genetic factors may be important determinants of response of the pulmonary circulation and ventilation at @entity2222 . Early observations of @entity291 at @entity2222 with @entity120 with @entity712 -found that the disorder @entity44884 in families. Subsequent studies confirmed a genetic determination of the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to @entity519 by selective breeding of @entity291 for high and low responses. Clear interspecies and interstrain differences in the @entity519 pulmonary pressor response also underscore a major role for genetic influence in animals. In @entity1 , differences in pulmonary hemodynamics are also evident among discrete populations living at altitude in the Andes, Himalayas, and North America suggesting an evolutionary, genetic influence on the response of the lung circulation to the @entity519 of altitude. Ventilation is increased by the @entity519 of @entity2222 . The strength of the ventilatory response to @entity519 shows considerable variation among individuals at low altitude. Family clusters of high and low responses and greater concordance among identical than fraternal twins suggest a strong genetic modulation of the @entity1 @entity519 ventilatory response. Similar effects are seen in interstrain differences among inbred strains of @entity35 and @entity19 . Differences among diverse altitude populations support the possible influence of genetic variation in the @entity519 response on ventilation and adaptation at altitude. Mechanisms linking genetic influences to variation in the @entity519 pulmonary pressor and ventilatory responses are unknown, but could reflect effects on @entity519 sensor, mediator or effector limbs of the response.

title: Potential genetic contributions to control of the pulmonary circulation and ventilation at XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2222 :: ('MESH:C535833', 'Disease') :: ['high altitude']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['brisket disease-pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity2222 :: (MESH:C535833,Disease) :: ['high altitude']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single applications of sustained-release local anaesthetics may provide prolonged @entity158 relief without requiring indwelling catheters, but have not yet been investigated for epidural @entity282 management. We synthesized injectable sustained-release @entity3303 particles (SRLPs) from biodegradable polymers and examined their effect in a @entity35 model of @entity282 . METHODS: Two types of @entity7049 particles, SRLP-10 and SRLP-25, containing 10% or 25% @entity3303 , respectively, were generated and the @entity3303 release was evaluated in vitro for 14 days. The SRLPs were then injected epidurally in the male @entity35 immediately before they received a hindpaw incision (the @entity282 model), and hindpaw @entity56 was evaluated with the von Frey test. Motor @entity912 and coordination were also assessed using a @entity912 score and rota-rod test. @entity2359 and @entity32 of the spinal cord, cauda equina, and tissue surrounding the injection site were histologically evaluated. RESULTS: In vitro, SRLP-10 and SRLP-25 released @entity3303 over 7 and 3 days, respectively. The in vivo injection of SRLP-10 (80 mg) produced anti- @entity56 with no evidence of motor @entity912 for 7 days after the paw incision, and SRLP-25 (60 mg) inhibited postoperative @entity56 for 7 days. Temporary motor @entity912 (15 min) was observed after the injection of SRLP-25 (even with 40 mg). Foreign body reactions were observed around the SRLP injection site at 1 and 4 weeks after injection. No histopathological changes were observed at 1 or 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The epidural injection of SRLPs produced prolonged anti- @entity56 in a @entity35 model of @entity282 with no major complications.

title: Long-term effect of epidural injection with sustained-release @entity3303 particles in a XXXX model of @entity282 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic acid']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. The role of the arterial and cardiac baroreceptors on the @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) and plasma @entity28637 activity (PRA) responses to @entity548 was studied in conscious @entity95 . They were bled at a rate of approximately 3% of their blood volume (BV)/min, both when the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was intact and during ANS blockade, which markedly enhances the @entity1831 response due to the much greater haemodynamic disturbance. Under each condition of ANS function 2 x 2 factorial analysis was performed, each with four groups of @entity95 , including animals with both sets of baroreceptors working, one or other set working and neither set working. 2. With intact ANS, @entity548 had to be terminated at different times in the four groups. This presents problems for factorial analysis due to differences in the relationship between plasma @entity1831 (or PRA) and release rate. A method for overcoming this was developed by extrapolating the BV-log @entity1831 curves to a common time from the start of bleeding. 3. Under both conditions of ANS function the arterial and cardiac baroreceptors together accounted for 90-95% of the rise in @entity1831 during @entity548 . With normal ANS function, the rise in @entity1831 was about 70% through cardiac (probably ventricular) baroreceptors (P = 0.01) and about 30% through arterial baroreceptors (P = 0.08). This compares with an earlier study at a rate of bleeding of 1.8% BV/min, where the entire drive came from the cardiac receptors. During ANS blockade, plasma @entity1831 was enhanced approximately five-fold, which was mostly mediated through the arterial baroreceptors, but the cardiac baroreceptor component was also greater; arterial/cardiac baroreceptor drive was 2/1. 4. Baroreflexes played no role in @entity28637 release during @entity548 , but the experiments with ANS blockade suggest that a hormonal factor, which was related to the cardiac innervation, may limit the rise in PRA in the latter part of @entity548 .

title: Afferent control of vasopressin and XXXX release during @entity548 in normal and autonomically blocked @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

answer: @entity28637 :: (100358545(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Given the asymptomatic nature of @entity170 , a @entity174 provides an opportunity to make the issue of @entity170 relevant to @entity1 . @entity1 who link their @entity174 with @entity170 are more likely to initiate @entity170 treatment, yet to date, we know little about who is likely to make this link. This study examined whether demographic, health, and @entity170 belief factors predicted a perceived link between a @entity174 and @entity170 . STUDY DESIGN: This longitudinal cohort study analyzed baseline and follow up data collected as part of a provincial @entity170 screening initiative targeting @entity174 @entity1 . Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between hypothesized predictors and the outcome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity1 perception of the @entity174 link at follow up. RESULTS: At baseline, 93% (1615/1735) of @entity1 did not believe their @entity174 could have been caused by @entity170 . Of these, only 8.2% changed this perception at follow up. Adjusted analyses showed that baseline characteristics associated with making the @entity174 link at follow up were: a previous @entity174 (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.6), perception of @entity170 pharmacotherapy benefits OR 1.2 (CI 1.0-1.5), diagnosis of @entity309 OR 2.6 (CI 1.4-4.9) and the perception of bones as "thin" OR 8.2 (CI 5.1-13.1). CONCLUSION: These results shed more light on @entity1 -level barriers to @entity170 management following an @entity170 educational programme. They may be used to identify @entity1 less likely to make the link between their @entity174 and @entity170 and to inform interventions for this @entity1 group.

title: Factors predictive of the perceived @entity174 link in @entity174 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis-fracture', 'fragility fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that long-term cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of @entity14 . Whether the association is causal or due to confounding remains unclear. METHODS: We examined cigarette smoking in relation to @entity14 mortality, evaluating smoking duration and recency and controlling for potential confounders in the @entity5 Prevention Study II. This prospective nationwide mortality study of 1 184 657 adults (age > or =30 years) was begun by the American @entity5 Society in 1982. After exclusions, our analytic cohort included 312 332 @entity1 and 469 019 @entity1 , among whom 4432 colon or @entity5 deaths occurred between 1982 and 1996 among individuals who were @entity5 free in 1982. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by fitting Cox proportional hazards models. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Multivariate-adjusted @entity14 mortality rates were highest among current smokers, were intermediate among former smokers, and were lowest in lifelong nonsmokers. The multivariate-adjusted RR (95% CI) for current compared with never smokers was 1.32 (1.16-1.49) among @entity1 and 1.41 (1.26-1.58) among @entity1 . Increased risk was evident after 20 or more years of smoking for @entity1 and @entity1 combined as compared with never smokers. Risk among current and former smokers increased with duration of smoking and average number of cigarettes smoked per day; risk in former smokers decreased significantly with years since quitting. If the multivariate-adjusted RR estimates in this study do, in fact, reflect causality, then approximately 12% of @entity14 deaths among both @entity1 and @entity1 in the general U.S. population in 1997 were attributable to smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of @entity14 mortality in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Clear reduction in risk is observed with early smoking cessation.

title: Cigarette smoking and XXXX mortality in the @entity5 prevention study II.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In spite of numerous investigations, the relation between @entity1576 and @entity304 in the general population remains unclear, since population-based studies are few. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between @entity1576 and @entity304 in the population. SUBJECT AND METHODS: In a cohort of 65,363 individuals representing 71.2% of the adult population in the Norwegian county of Nord-Tr  ndelag, 58,596 individuals (89.6%) responded to questions concerning @entity304 . The 3,153 @entity1 (5.4%) with severe and recurrent @entity304 constituted the case group, and the 40,210 @entity1 (68.6%) without @entity304 served as the control group. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) represented relative risks. Potential confounding was tested in multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity565 had reflux to a 60% greater extent than those without @entity565 after including adjustment for @entity565 medication (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.9). There was a statistically significant dose-response association between @entity1353 and @entity304 (p for trend < 0.0001), and the OR of severe @entity1353 was 12.0 (95% CI, 9.5 to 15.2). @entity1 with heavy and wheezy breathing, daily cough, daily productive cough, or chronic cough showed a twofold to threefold statistically significant increase in risk of @entity304 . Adjustment for @entity565 or use of @entity565 medication did not substantially influence the risk estimates for any of the studied @entity1576 . CONCLUSIONS: Reflux symptoms commonly coexist with @entity565 and other @entity1576 on a population-based level, seemingly irrespective of @entity565 medication.

title: The relation between gastroesophageal reflux and XXXX in a population-based study: the Nord-Tr  ndelag health survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms', 'respiratory disorders']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']