abstract: Fetal growth and development are dependent upon the growth and development of the placenta. Control of placental growth and development is little understood. Immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor-I and -II ( @entity442 and @entity5100 ) have been shown to be released by @entity1 placental tissue and @entity1 placental membranes have been observed to contain specific receptors for these growth factors. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the presence of @entity5100 mRNA transcripts in the developing @entity1 placenta and at gestational term in placentae of @entity6 . Thus, the IGFs may have a regulatory role in the growth and development of the placenta via autocrine and/or paracrine mechanism(s) of action. In this report we demonstrate the presence of four differing size species of placental poly(A)+ RNA which specifically hybridize to an @entity442 probe originally isolated from an adult @entity1 liver cDNA library and localize @entity442 and @entity5100 mRNA to syncytiotrophoblasts and fibroblasts, respectively, of the placenta by in situ hybridization. The major transcript is 7500 bases in size and the remaining three transcripts are 5000, 1100, and 900 bases in length with no apparent changes from these sizes throughout gestation and at term in @entity6 . Quantification by densitometry of placental @entity442 mRNA detected by dot blot hybridization indicated that first and second trimester placentae each express more @entity442 mRNA relative to that expressed in placenta at term. These results suggest that there are developmental changes in the relative amount of @entity442 mRNA expressed in the @entity1 placenta. @entity442 is, therefore, most likely important early in gestation as a placental growth factor. This time period is critical for fetal development and growth, when embryonic induction, organogenesis, and rapid cell proliferation occur.

title: Insulin-like growth factor-I messenger ribonucleic acid in the developing XXXX placenta and in term placenta of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity6669 and @entity6670 , potent anti-inflammatory compounds, showed no inhibition against the dextran-, the @entity750 - and the @entity6671 + @entity1421 ( @entity1421 )-induced hind paw @entity4 in @entity35 and neither did typical acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ANSAIDs) such as @entity3352 . On the other hand, @entity3785 , @entity6672 and @entity6673 X @entity5828 inhibited the hind paw @entity4 induced by @entity6671 + @entity1421 in @entity35 . @entity6669 and @entity6670 as well as other ANSAIDs inhibited the @entity1426 (AA)-induced erythema, but did not inhibit the @entity1421 -induced erythema. Mepirizole and @entity6673 X @entity5828 showed no inhibition against both the AA- and the @entity1421 -induced erythemas. @entity6669 and @entity6670 showed analgesic activities in the adjuvant-induced hind paw @entity4 @entity35 . The analgesic activities of these compounds disappeared when @entity1421 was injected into the inflamed paw as well as @entity3352 and @entity5018 . It is concluded that anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of both @entity6669 and @entity6670 were based on the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. @entity6670 showed a protective effect against @entity39 induced by necrotizing agents such as @entity5828 , @entity6674 or @entity6674 + @entity167 . @entity6670 showed about a 4 times less potent activity than @entity5018 in delay of occurring time of castor oil-induced @entity294 in @entity35 . These results suggest that the slight ulcerating effect of @entity6670 on the gastrointestinal tract might be attributed to its gastric protective effect and slight decreasing effect on the gastrointestinal level of @entity1421 .

title: [The modes of anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of @entity6670 ( @entity6670 ) and @entity6669 ( @entity6669 ) and effect of XXXX on the gastrointestinal tract].

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity6672 :: ('MESH:D004840', 'Chemical') :: ['mepirizole']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['gastric necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2', 'PGE2']

entities_list: @entity6671 :: ('MESH:D002351', 'Chemical') :: ['carrageenin']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edemas', 'edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity6673 :: ('MESH:C003468', 'Chemical') :: ['tiaramide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity6670 :: (MESH:C045803,Chemical) :: ['TA-60']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypertensive hypervolemic therapy has been shown to reverse delayed @entity63 after @entity510 . Concern has been raised about systemic complications of therapy, including @entity3126 and @entity741 , especially when high doses of vasopressors are used. @entity1 in whom delayed @entity63 were treated with hypervolemia and @entity2647 were prospectively evaluated for signs of systemic @entity137 . METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 treated with hypertensive hypervolemic therapy after @entity510 were studied. Sixty-seven percent had underlying @entity299 , or @entity101 . No @entity1 was excluded because of age or preexisting @entity299 . @entity1 were closely monitored for signs of @entity712 (physical examination, chest x-ray films, arterial blood gases, cardiac index, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and @entity26 requirement). Indicators of @entity299 and other @entity137 that were monitored included cardiac enzymes, electrocardiograms, serum @entity1011 , electrolyte and @entity880 levels, @entity344 , and urine output. RESULTS: Volume expansion and @entity2647 infusion produced an increase in several hemodynamic parameters including pulmonary artery wedge pressure, which rose 28% (13 +/- 3.6 to 16 +/- 1.9 mm Hg), mean arterial blood pressure, which rose 25% (99 +/- 12.5 to 123 +/- 11.4 mm Hg), and systemic vascular resistance, which rose 46% (1234 +/- 294 to 1739 +/- 315 dyne.s-1.cm-5); however, there was no change in cardiac index (3.9 +/- 0.9 to 4.0 +/- 0.6 L.min-1.m-2). There were no clinically significant episodes of @entity3126 requiring a change in vasopressor therapy and no @entity583 . @entity2647 was stopped in only one @entity1 (incidence, 4%; 95% confidence interval, 0% to 12%), who developed an exacerbation of his preexisting @entity1168 . There was no evidence of noncardiac organ system @entity137 . Eighty-eight percent of the @entity1 exhibited neurological improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertensive hypervolemic therapy with the use of high-dose @entity2647 can be administered with acceptable systemic @entity137 , even in @entity1 with previous @entity299 , provided that close monitoring is performed. To minimize risk, aggressive treatment should probably be reserved for @entity1 with signs of delayed @entity63 rather than administered prophylactically.

title: Safety of hypertensive hypervolemic therapy with @entity2647 in the treatment of delayed @entity63 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'extracerebral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic deficits']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine', 'phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease, vascular disease', 'cardiac ischemia', 'cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The authors evaluate medium-term results of @entity162 as a treatment for @entity2530 of the @entity2738 . Between 1990 and 2000, 57 hips (45 @entity1 ) were treated with a bipolar ( @entity8440 : 37 hips) or total hip arthroplasty ( @entity2445 : 20 hips) depending on the radiographic and macroscopic aspect of the acetabulum. At surgery, all @entity1 were under 65 years of age (average: 45.09 years). All had the same cementless hydroxylapatite coated femoral stem inserted through an anterolateral approach. The @entity8440 were followed during a mean of 4.49 years. One @entity8440 was lost to follow-up. Seven out of 36 hips (19.44%) were considered failures: three due to a poor functional result (Harris Hip Score (HHS) <70) and four which needed conversion to @entity2445 for groin @entity158 . Two hips were revised for @entity3564 . Twenty @entity8440 (55.56%) had a good or excellent result (HHSY80). The @entity2445 were followed for a mean of 4.32 years. One @entity2445 was lost to follow-up. Four out of 19 hips (21.05%) were considered as failures. Three due to a poor functional result (HHS<70) and one which needed cup revision for recurrent dislocation. Fifteen @entity2445 (78.95%) had a good or excellent functional result (HHSY80). @entity8440 as a treatment of @entity2530 of the @entity2738 in young @entity1 preserves bone stock for later revisions and can lead to excellent results. But the outcome seems less predictable than after @entity2445 . Groin @entity158 associated to @entity8440 can be treated successfully with conversion to @entity2445 if necessary. (Hip International 2002; 2: 142-9).

title: @entity162 in the treatment of @entity2530 of the XXXX in young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar and total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head']


abstract: Butterfly vertebra is an uncommon @entity154 . Only a small number of cases with butterfly vertebra have thus far been reported in the literature.We herewith describe a 32-year-old male admitted to our clinic with @entity1643 . He has been suffering from @entity1643 since early adolescence. Radiologic investigations confirmed presence of butterfly vertebra at Lumbar(L)2 level and @entity6357 , L4-5 posterior disc protrusion and slight osteoarthritic changes in lumbar spine which proved to be a coincidental finding along with nonspecific @entity1643 . Routine examination of the motor and sensory system was found to be normal. Hematologic evaluation was made to rule out pathologic causes of anterior wedging of the vertebra like infections and @entity3 in the spine. @entity154 is considered to be incidental and usually asymptomatic. Awareness of this anomaly is important for correct diagnosis, while its imaging features may be confused with traumatic compression @entity174 , or with a pathologic @entity174 . Also, this @entity154 may be associated with many syndromes. This taken into account, all the necessary investigations should be carried out for purposes of achieving a correct diagnosis.

title: XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital spinal anomaly', 'Butterfly vertebra anomaly', 'spinal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Butterfly vertebra anomaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to now, none of the breath biomarkers or marker sets proposed for @entity5 recognition has reached clinical relevance. Possible reasons are the lack of standardized methods of sampling, analysis and data processing and effects of environmental contaminants. METHODS: Concentration profiles of endogenous and exogenous breath markers were determined in exhaled breath of 31 @entity2 @entity1 , 31 smokers and 31 healthy controls by means of SPME-GC-MS. Different correcting and normalization algorithms and a principal component analysis were applied to the data. RESULTS: Differences of exhalation profiles in @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 did not persist if physiology and confounding variables were taken into account. Smoking history, inspired substance concentrations, age and gender were recognized as the most important confounding variables. Normalization onto PCO2 or BSA or correction for inspired concentrations only partially solved the problem. In contrast, previous smoking behaviour could be recognized unequivocally. CONCLUSION: Exhaled substance concentrations may depend on a variety of parameters other than the disease under investigation. Normalization and correcting parameters have to be chosen with care as compensating effects may be different from one substance to the other. Only well-founded biomarker identification, normalization and data processing will provide clinically relevant information from breath analysis.

title: Breath biomarkers for XXXX detection and assessment of smoking related effects--confounding variables, influence of normalization and statistical algorithms.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The polymorphism of the @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) promoter @entity20448 can regulate the transcriptional activity of the @entity2204 gene and is related to @entity195 ( @entity195 ). However, its effects on cognitive performance and the underlying brain mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we performed a battery of neuropsychological tests in a large sample (837 subjects) of nondemented elderly Chinese @entity1 , and explored the related brain mechanisms via the construction of diffusion MRI-based structural connectome and graph analysis from a subset (84 subjects) of the sample. Cognitively, the @entity20448 risk allele (TT) carriers showed decreased attention and execution functions compared with noncarriers (GG/GT). Regarding the topological alterations of the brain connectome, the risk allele group exhibited reduced global and local efficiency of white matter structural networks, mainly in the left anterior and posterior cingulate cortices (PCC). Importantly, the efficiency of the left PCC is correlated with the impaired attention function and mediates the impacts of the @entity20448 genotype on attention. These results demonstrated that the @entity20448 polymorphism affects attention function in nondemented elderly @entity1 , possibly by modulating brain structural connectivity of the PCC. This polymorphism may help us to understand the neural mechanisms of @entity73 and to serve as a potential marker assessing the risk of @entity195 . Hum Brain Mapp, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Effects of XXXX promoter polymorphism on the topological organization of brain structural connectome in nondemented elderly.

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE', 'Apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive aging']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex-related disparities in @entity64 have been previously reported. However, the influence of sex on the outcome of recurrent @entity64 in African Americans is less clear. Our objective was to investigate the effect of sex on the outcome of recurrent @entity64 in the African American @entity64 Prevention Study (AAASPS). METHODS: The AAASPS is a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of recurrent @entity64 prevention in African Americans. @entity1 (967 @entity1 and 842 @entity1 ) with noncardioembolic @entity385 were assigned to receive @entity1396 or @entity117 and were followed up for up to 2 years. The National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Barthel score (mBS), and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score were determined at enrollment, at prespecified times thereafter, and at the time of recurrent @entity64 . Survival analysis was used to test for a significant difference in the time to recurrent @entity64 between @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the total 1809 subjects enrolled in AAASPS, 186 (89 @entity1 and 97 @entity1 ) experienced recurrent @entity64 . At enrollment, the NIHSS score (2.87 for @entity1 and 3.00 for @entity1 ; P=.73), the mBS (18.26 for @entity1 and 18.52 for @entity1 ; P=.47) and the GOS score (1.49 for @entity1 and 1.51 for @entity1 ; P=.86) were not significantly different. In follow-up and at the time of @entity64 recurrence, the NIHSS score, mBS, and GOS score were similar for both groups, except for the mBS at the 6-month visit, which was lower in @entity1 (18.49) than in @entity1 (19.37) (P=.02). In the survival analysis, no significant difference in the time to recurrent @entity64 was found between @entity1 and @entity1 (P=.69). CONCLUSIONS: Although sex-related @entity64 disparities have been reported, in the AAASPS cohort outcomes for recurrent nonfatal noncardioembolic @entity385 for @entity1 were not significantly different than for @entity1 . Differences in study populations and methodologies may explain discrepancies in results from the various studies.

title: Effect of sex on outcome after recurrent XXXX in African Americans: results from the African American @entity64 Prevention Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Antiplatelet Stroke', 'nonfatal stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: We have approached the problem of isolating clones unique to specific @entity5 such as @entity11511 ( @entity981 ) and @entity788 by using subtractive hybridization techniques. Our initial studies involved using normal donor tissue (i.e., normal blood donors for @entity981 and cadaver renal transplant donors for normal pancreatic tissue) and cultured malignant cell lines. It occurred to us that normal pancreatic tissue from the same @entity1 source as that of the malignant tissue might subtract out normal sequences more readily and enrich clones unique to @entity788 because of @entity1 /donor identity. Using such a method meant that the amounts of tissue for overcoming this obstacle. We constructed independent UNI-ZAP-XR cDNA libraries (normal and malignant) and used them to amplify either the normal or malignant cDNA prior to subtractive hybridization. We then obtained rescued single stranded cDNA from the malignant ZAP library. The RNA which was not hybridized was isolated. The process was repeated and a double subtraction was effected. The residual non-hybridized RNA was used as a template for first and second strand synthesis. After the EcoRI adaptors were ligated to the double stranded cDNA it was cloned into Lambda ZAP II arms to form a double subtracted malignant cDNA library. A subtracted probe was prepared from the double subtracted cDNA library. Single stranded cDNA was rescued, double stranded plasmid was made, the plasmid DNA was digested with EcoRI, the digested DNA was run on a 1% SeaPlaque gel, and the insert cDNA was recovered using Ultra-Free MC and Ultra-Free Probind filters. The subtracted malignant cDNA library was probed with the subtracted probe and with normal cDNA (obtained from the normal ZAP library) and those plaques which were positive per the subtracted probe and negative per the normal cDNA were isolated; their cDNA inserts are being further characterized.

title: Unique pancreatic carcinoma cDNA found via subtracted libraries with limited normal tissue and @entity5 from the same XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Between 1997 and 1999 three sericite plant workers in Parana, Brazil, were diagnosed with @entity3673 . AIMS: To investigate and describe the radiological, clinical, and pathological changes in miners and millers exposed to sericite dust with mineralogical characteristics of inhaled dust. METHODS: The working premises were visited to examine the sericite processing and to classify the jobs according to make qualitative evaluation. Respirable dust was collected and the amount of crystalline @entity3440 and particle size distribution were measured. Forty four workers were examined by a standard questionnaire for respiratory symptoms, spirometry, and chest x ray. Material from an open lung biopsy was reviewed for histopathological and mineralogical analysis, together with sericite samples from the work site to compare the mineral characteristics in @entity358 and work area. RESULTS: Respirable dust contained 4.5-10.0% crystalline @entity3440 . Particle size distribution showed a heavy burden of very fine particles (23-55%) with a mean diameter of <0.5 microm. Mean age of sericite miners was 41.0 (11.9) and mean number of years of exposure was 13.5 (10.1). In 52.3% of workers (23/44), chest radiographs presented a median category of 1/0 or above, and 18.2% (8/44) had a reduced FEV1. There was a significant association between exposure indices and x ray category. Histological studies of the lung biopsy showed lesions compatible with mixed dust @entity82 with no silicotic nodules. x Ray diffraction analysis of the lung dust residue and the bulk samples collected from work area showed similar mineralogical characteristics. @entity25163 and @entity4563 were the major mineral particle inclusions in the lung. CONCLUSION: Exposure to fine sericite particles is associated with the development of functional and radiological changes in workers inducing mixed @entity75 , which are distinct histologically from silicosis.

title: XXXX after sericite inhalation.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity4563 :: ('MESH:D007616', 'Chemical') :: ['kaolinite']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dust lesions']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity25163 :: ('MESH:C517971', 'Chemical') :: ['Muscovite']

answer: @entity3673 :: (MESH:D011009,Disease) :: ['Pneumoconiosis']


abstract: @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) is one of the most studied cytokines driving T-cell proliferation, activation and survival. It binds to the @entity3647 consisting of three chains, the a ( @entity2902 ), b and common y (yc). The binding of the @entity2902 chain to @entity1199 is necessary to expose high-affinity binding sites for the b and yc chains, which, in turn, are responsible for downstream signalling. A high level of soluble @entity2902 (sCD25) has been associated with a poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1893 . The function and source of origin of this soluble receptor is not well investigated. In the present study we hypothesized that T regulatory (Treg) cells may release @entity2902 to act as a decoy receptor for @entity1199 , thereby depriving T-effector cells of @entity1199 . Peripheral blood from @entity1 with B-cell @entity5 (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 27) was investigated for the presence and function of @entity403 (+) Treg cells and sCD25 by multi-colour flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, the proliferative capacity of T cells was evaluated with or without the presence of recombinant sCD25. The results demonstrate that Treg cells from @entity1 had lower @entity2902 expression intensity and that they released @entity2902 in vitro. Further, high levels of Treg cells correlated with sCD25 plasma concentration. Recombinant sCD25 could suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, the release of sCD25 by Treg cells may be a mechanism to deprive @entity1199 and thereby inhibit anti- @entity5 T-cell responses.

title: T regulatory cells control T-cell proliferation partly by the release of soluble @entity2902 in @entity1 with B-cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: @entity1 neutrophils have multiple @entity6300 -binding proteins. Direct ligand-binding studies with the globular domain of @entity6300 and two-dimensional Western blot analysis revealed two @entity21345 ( @entity21345 ): a 33,000 M(r) protein (pI 4.5) mainly in the neutrophil plasma membrane and an 80,000-90,000 M(r) protein (pI 4.1-4.2) located mainly in the granules. Direct binding studies showed that @entity6300 bound to this higher molecular weight protein under physiological conditions. In contrast, anti- @entity4015 antibody, which recognizes a protein binding to collagenous tails of @entity6300 , detected only a 68,000 M(r) protein in the plasma membrane. Both the 33,000 and 68,000 M(r) receptors appear early on the surface of differentiating HL-60 cells. On mature neutrophils, surface expression of both @entity6300 receptors was evident, but no upregulation was observed upon stimulation. @entity4514 treatment of neutrophils downregulated both the receptors from cell surface, and significant amounts of soluble @entity21345 were in cell media supernatants, suggesting receptor shedding or secretion. @entity21345 , unlike @entity4015 , did not bind to other @entity6300 -like ligands, namely @entity3913 binding protein, surfactant protein-A, surfactant protein-D, or conglutinin under normal ionic conditions, suggesting a greater specificity for @entity6300 than the "collectin" type receptor ( @entity4015 ). Rather, @entity21345 only bound purified @entity6300 , and the binding was enhanced under low ionic conditions and in the absence of @entity460 . The role of @entity6301 shedding and its biologic consequence remain to be defined, but may contribute to the diversity of @entity6300 -mediated responses observed in many cell types.

title: Identification of a gC1q-binding protein ( @entity21345 ) on the surface of XXXX neutrophils. Subcellular localization and binding properties in comparison with the @entity4015 .

entities_list: @entity21345 :: ('708', 'Gene') :: ['gC1q-R', 'gC1q-binding proteins']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is clinically relevant because untreated @entity27 has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The STOP-Bang questionnaire is a validated screening tool for @entity27 . We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of STOP-Bang for screening @entity1 suspected of having @entity27 and to predict its accuracy in determining the severity of @entity27 in the different populations. METHODS: A search of the literature databases was performed. Inclusion criteria were: 1) Studies that used STOP-Bang questionnaire as a screening tool for @entity27 in adult subjects (>18 years); 2) The accuracy of the STOP-Bang questionnaire was validated by polysomnography-the gold standard for diagnosing @entity27 ; 3) @entity27 was clearly defined as @entity386 / @entity387 index (AHI) or respiratory disturbance index (RDI) >=  5; 4) Publications in the English language. The quality of the studies were explicitly described and coded according to the Cochrane Methods group on the screening and diagnostic tests. RESULTS: Seventeen studies including 9,206 @entity1 met criteria for the systematic review. In the sleep clinic population, the sensitivity was 90%, 94% and 96% to detect any @entity27 (AHI >=  5), moderate-to-severe @entity27 (AHI >= 15), and severe @entity27 (AHI >= 30) respectively. The corresponding NPV was 46%, 75% and 90%. A similar trend was found in the surgical population. In the sleep clinic population, the probability of severe @entity27 with a STOP-Bang score of 3 was 25%. With a stepwise increase of the STOP-Bang score to 4, 5, 6 and 7/8, the probability rose proportionally to 35%, 45%, 55% and 75%, respectively. In the surgical population, the probability of severe @entity27 with a STOP-Bang score of 3 was 15%. With a stepwise increase of the STOP-Bang score to 4, 5, 6 and 7/8, the probability increased to 25%, 35%, 45% and 65%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirms the high performance of the STOP-Bang questionnaire in the sleep clinic and surgical population for screening of @entity27 . The higher the STOP-Bang score, the greater is the probability of moderate-to-severe @entity27 .

title: Validation of the STOP-Bang Questionnaire as a Screening Tool for Obstructive Sleep XXXX among Different Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['Apnea']


abstract: The pathological changes, host-parasite relationship and structure of the tissue cysts in the brains of @entity19 chronically infected with four different strains of @entity3204 were examined by light and electron microscopy. In @entity19 infected with the @entity19 -adapted ME49 strain for 4, 8, 12, 16 and 25 weeks, the pathological changes consisted of moderate to severe @entity693 and cuffing of blood vessels by inflammatory cells. At 4 weeks post-infection (p.i.), lymphocytes were the major cell type, but at later time points, plasma cells predominated. Large numbers of cysts were observed at between 4 and 12 weeks p.i., with a decrease being seen at 16 weeks p.i. Microglial nodules, many containing tachyzoites or bradyzoites, were present at all time points. In contrast, the three strains isolated from @entity1 with the @entity791 ( @entity791 ) resulted in no @entity693 in two cases (DEY, DAG) and in mild @entity693 in one case (WIL), although all three showed some cuffing of blood vessels. In addition, only very low numbers of cysts and nodules were observed. Ultrastructurally, the cysts of all four strains were seen to be located within host cells. The cysts of the ME49 strain differed from those of the other strains in that a proportion contained immature and dividing bradyzoites at all time points, whereas those of the other strains contained only mature bradyzoites. From the observation of nodules with parasites and cysts with immature zoites, it would appear that the ME49 strain may result in an unstable @entity281 with a continuous turnover of cysts, a feature that should be taken into consideration when this strain is used as an experimental model of chronic @entity3252 .

title: A morphological study of chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis in XXXX : comparison of four different strains of @entity3204 .

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS', 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Experimentation examined if @entity4022 and Ser ( @entity4022 + Ser) and Pro from gelatin inclusion in @entity258 feeds would relieve impaired performance of broilers after vaccination for @entity7843 . Broilers in floor pens were fed 20-18-16% or 23-20-18% CP @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal regimens from 0 to 8 wk of age such that 1 or more of the most limiting essential @entity535 levels were similar across treatments and considered adequate respective of age. Gelatin was included in diets at 2%, which contributed @entity4022 + Ser and Pro levels comparable to using 5% meat meal. Half of the chicks were spray-vaccinated with live oocysts before placement and received nonmedicated feed, whereas the other half received @entity12416 -medicated ( @entity7844 ) feed to 6 wk of age. Vaccination adversely affected live performance in the first 3 wk, which could not be fully compensated to the level of birds receiving @entity12416 by the end of experimentation. Inclusion of gelatin mitigated vaccination response through the first 3 wk, while improving overall live performance of birds fed low CP diets. Gelatin had no effect on carcass composition, but the low CP regimen increased abdominal fat and reduced carcass and breast meat relative to high CP feeds. Vaccination also reduced overall carcass weight; however, part yields were not affected. Males were generally more sensitive to treatments than females. The conditionally essential @entity1522 @entity4022 + Ser and Pro may be important factors in recovery from live anticoccidial vaccines.

title: Response of XXXX - versus vaccination-protected broilers to gelatin inclusion in high and low crude protein diets.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity7844 :: ('MESH:C010327', 'Chemical') :: ['salinomycin']

entities_list: @entity12416 :: ('CHEBI:35818', 'Chemical') :: ['coccidiostat']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low and high CP']

answer: @entity12416 :: (CHEBI:35818,Chemical) :: ['coccidiostat']


abstract: OBJECT Neurosurgeons are frequently the primary physicians measuring @entity158 relief in @entity1 with @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ). Unfortunately, the measurement of @entity158 can be complex. The Brief Pain Inventory-Facial (BPI-Facial) is a reliable and validated multidimensional tool that consists of 18 questions. It measures 3 domains of @entity158 : 1) @entity158 intensity (worst and average @entity158 intensity), 2) interference with general activities of daily living (ADL), and 3) face-specific @entity158 interference. The objective of this paper is to determine the @entity1 -reported @entity922 ( @entity922 ) using the BPI-Facial. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective study of 234 @entity1 with @entity4254 seen in a single neurosurgeon's office. @entity1 completed baseline and 1-month follow-up BPI-Facial questionnaires. The @entity922 was calculated using an anchor-based approach in which the defined anchor was the 7-point @entity1 global impression of change (PGIC). Two statistical methods were employed: mean change score and optimal cutoff point. RESULTS Using the mean change score method, the investigators calculated the @entity922 for the 3 domains of the BPIFacial: 44% and 30% improvement in @entity158 intensity at its worst and average, respectively, 54% improvement in interference with general ADL, and 63% improvement in interference with facial ADL. Using the optimal cutoff point method, they also calculated the @entity922 for the 3 domains of the BPI-Facial: 57% and 28% improvement in @entity158 intensity at its worst and average, respectively, 75% improvement in interference with general ADL, and 62% improvement in interference with facial ADL. CONCLUSIONS The BPI-Facial is a multidimensional @entity158 scale that measures 3 domains of @entity158 . Although 2 statistical methods were used to calculate the @entity922 , the optimal cutoff point method was the superior one because it used data from the majority of subjects included in this study. A 57% improvement in @entity158 intensity at its worst and a 28% improvement in @entity158 intensity at its average were the MCIDs for @entity1 with @entity158 . A greater improvement was needed to achieve the @entity922 for interference with general and facial ADL. A 75% improvement in interference with general ADL and a 62% improvement in interference with facial ADL were needed to achieve an @entity922 . While @entity158 intensity is easier to measure, @entity158 's interference with ADL may be more important for @entity1 outcomes when designing or evaluating interventions in the field of @entity4254 . The BPI-Facial is a useful instrument to measure changes in multidimensional aspects of @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity4254 .

title: Brief Pain Inventory-Facial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimum clinically important difference', 'MCID']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['minimum clinically important difference']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 is very rare. It represents 33-45% of the all @entity5 of the small bowel. The symptoms are non-specific, and the diagnosis is often accidental. CLINICAL CASE: A 35-year old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with post-prandial @entity490 . Upper gastrointestinal examination revealed a @entity5 of the third duodenal portion, which was diagnosed, using endoscopic biopsy, as a @entity652 with high grade @entity1141 . The computed axial tomography scan, the magnetic resonance imaging, and the endoscopic ultrasound showed the @entity5 of the third duodenal portion with no lymph node or peritoneal metastases. Partial resection of the duodenum was performed. The definitive histopathological diagnosis was primary @entity420 of the third duodenal portion. pT2 N0M0, originated in a @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: Primitive @entity5 of the duodenum is very rare. Duodeno-cephalo-pancreatectomy is recommended in proximally located @entity5 , while segmental resection of the duodenum is appropriated for distal locations, with the same survival.

title: [Moderately differentiated XXXX of the third duodenal portion].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasia', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Monoclonal antibody B72.3, reactive with a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein @entity5 -associated antigen (designated @entity2797 ), has been previously shown to be reactive with @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of @entity420 of the ovary, colon, and breast and not a variety of normal adult tissues. It has demonstrated utility as an immunocytochemical adjunct to diagnose @entity189 in cell block and cytocentrifuge preparations of @entity1 serous effusions, with selective reactivity for @entity5 cells (particularly @entity420 ) over reactive mesothelium. In this study, fine needle aspiration biopsies of 127 @entity2 (93 primary and 34 @entity3 ) as well as 18 benign lung lesions were analyzed with monoclonal antibody B72.3 using avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase techniques. Monoclonal antibody B72.3 showed reactivity with 100% of the 27 lung @entity420 and @entity1962 , with greater than or equal to 10% of @entity5 cells showing reactivity in 22 of 27. A lesser percentage of @entity957 (24 of 31) and @entity152 (7 of 13) were immunoreactive, and of these several were weakly reactive with less than or equal to 1% @entity5 cells reacting. In contrast, monoclonal antibody B72.3 failed to react with any of the 21 @entity4153 or one @entity5 evaluated. In 35 @entity1 @entity5 -bearing tissue was resected, and @entity406 -fixed tissue sections were also evaluated. The staining pattern and percentage of @entity5 cells positive in the aspiration biopsies were, in most cases, highly predictive of the reactivity observed in corresponding resected @entity5 . @entity420 to lung from various body sites were also immunoreactive with monoclonal antibody B72.3; however, a variety of other @entity5 types (including 13 @entity320 ) failed to stain. Staining by monoclonal antibody B72.3 was not noted in any of the 18 benign lesions aspirated, with the exception of occasional fine stippling in the cytoplasm of bronchial epithelial cells. Hence, monoclonal antibody B72.3 and fine needle aspiration biopsy techniques may be of potential use in the differential diagnosis and antigenic phenotyping of a spectrum of @entity2 prior to surgical resection.

title: Phenotypic characterization of XXXX in fine needle aspiration biopsies using monoclonal antibody B72.3.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Metastatic adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancers']


abstract: The opportunistic pathogen @entity7081 produces the siderophores ornibactin and @entity18108 under @entity68 -restricted conditions. Biosynthesis of both siderophores requires the involvement of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Using a transposon containing the lacZ reporter gene, two @entity7081 mutants were isolated which were @entity3749 . Mutant IW10 was shown to produce normal amounts of ornibactin but only trace amounts of @entity18108 , whereas synthesis of both siderophores was abolished in AHA27. Growth of AHA27, but not IW10, was inhibited under @entity68 -restricted conditions. In both mutants, the transposon had integrated into the pobA gene, which encodes a polypeptide exhibiting similarity to the Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyltransferases (PPTases). These enzymes are responsible for activation of NRPSs by the covalent attachment of the @entity25295 (P-pant) moiety of coenzyme A. Previously characterized PPTase genes from other bacteria were shown to efficiently complement both mutants for siderophore production when provided in trans. The @entity7081 pobA gene was also able to efficiently complement an @entity526 entD mutant for production of the siderophore enterobactin. Using mutant IW10, in which the lacZ gene carried by the transposon is inserted in the same orientation as pobA, it was shown that pobA is not appreciably @entity68 -regulated. Finally, we confirmed that Sfp-type bacterial PPTases can be subdivided into two distinct groups, and we present the @entity535 signature sequences which characterize each of these groups.

title: The pobA gene of XXXX encodes a group I Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyltransferase required for biosynthesis of the siderophores ornibactin and @entity18108 .

entities_list: @entity18108 :: ('MESH:C025316', 'Chemical') :: ['pyochelin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3749 :: ('MESH:D007787', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in siderophore production']

entities_list: @entity7081 :: ('95486', 'Species') :: ['B. cenocepacia', 'Burkholderia cenocepacia']

entities_list: @entity25295 :: ('MESH:C003129', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-phosphopantetheine"]

answer: @entity7081 :: (95486,Species) :: ['Burkholderia cenocepacia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 63-year-old @entity1 presented to an emergency department with @entity615 . A 5 x 3 x 2 cm para-aortic mass was found adjacent to the left kidney, but the location of the @entity5 could not be identified. He was referred to a tertiary center with a diagnosis of @entity189 of unknown primary origin. Atrophy of the left testicle was noted. Review of the biopsy material obtained at the first presentation showed histology characteristic of @entity4797 , and imaging revealed the presence of small intratesticular lesions. Repeat CT showed complete resolution of the metastatic para-aortic mass. The @entity1 underwent left orchiectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy, and showed no signs of disease 6 months later. INVESTIGATIONS: CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, measurement of serum @entity5 markers, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, PET-CT and percutaneous needle biopsy of the para-aortic mass at the first presentation; physical examination, review of biopsy specimen with immunohistochemical staining for @entity5 markers, testicular ultrasonography and repeat CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis at the second presentation. DIAGNOSIS: @entity3 with spontaneous regression of the metastatic lesion. MANAGEMENT: Radical orchiectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy.

title: Regression of @entity3 in a XXXX referred for @entity189 of unknown primary origin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal and back pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic seminoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate in vivo collagen fiber behavior around two different dental implant necks placed in the mandibular bone of adult @entity1707 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and profilometric analyses were performed on both types of implant necks to evaluate the different surface morphology. Ten dental implants with machined @entity702 necks and 20 implants with zirconia necks were inserted into the mandibles of five adult @entity1707 . Three months later, the animals were sacrificed; samples from the peri-implant mucosa were obtained and prepared for histologic analysis. Evaluation of collagen fiber orientation in the connective tissue surrounding the implant necks was performed by polarized light microscopy. @entity32 in the peri-implant soft tissues was also measured via the Gingival Index. RESULTS: Postoperative healing was uneventful; all implants, except for one of each type, were osseointegrated after 3 months. @entity4653 and profilometric analyses confirmed that zirconia necks showed Ra, Rq, and Rz values that were lower than those seen around the @entity702 necks. Histologic observation indicated that collagen fiber orientation was similar for both types of implants. The majority of fibers showed a parallel or parallel-oblique orientation to the implant surface for all samples. Implants that were not osseointegrated, as determined by clinical evaluation, showed inflammatory infiltrate, whereas healthy connective tissue was found around all the other implant necks. CONCLUSIONS: Collagen fiber orientation was similar, regardless of implant material, demonstrating a predominantly parallel or parallel-oblique pattern. Moreover, zirconia, which is used as a transgingival collar on some implants, showed connective tissue adhesion that was similar to that seen on the machined @entity702 surface, but demonstrated limited plaque formation and may provide better esthetics.

title: Collagen fiber orientation around machined XXXX and zirconia dental implant necks: an animal study.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['Scanning electron microscopic', 'SEM']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Candidate gene case-control studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with @entity565 susceptibility. Most of these studies have been restricted to evaluations of specific SNPs within a single gene and within populations from European ancestry. Recently, there is increasing interest in understanding racial differences in genetic risk associated with @entity565 . Our aim was to compare association patterns of @entity565 candidate genes between @entity1 of European and African ancestry. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a custom-designed Illumina SNP array, we genotyped 1,485 @entity1 within the Greater Cincinnati Pediatric Clinic Repository and Cincinnati Genomic Control Cohort for 259 SNPs in 28 genes and evaluated their associations with @entity565 . We identified 14 SNPs located in 6 genes that were significantly associated (p-values <0.05) with @entity565 in African Americans. Among Caucasians, 13 SNPs in 5 genes were associated with @entity565 . Two SNPs in @entity3646 were associated with @entity565 in both races (p-values <0.05). Gene-gene interaction studies identified race specific sets of genes that best discriminate between asthmatic @entity1 and non-allergic controls. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We identified @entity3646 as having a role in @entity565 susceptibility in both African American and Caucasian @entity1 . However, while @entity3646 SNPs were associated with @entity565 in asthmatic @entity1 with European and African ancestry, the relative contributions of the most replicated @entity565 -associated SNPs varied by ancestry. These data provides valuable insights into the pathways that may predispose to @entity565 in individuals with European vs. African ancestry.

title: Differences in candidate gene association between European ancestry and African American asthmatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'childhood asthma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The kinetics of triple-helix formation in type III pN-collagen, type III collagen and a quarter fragment of type III collagen was followed by @entity717 and circular dichroism. Kinetic intermediates were detected by trypsin digestion and @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The end products of refolding at 25 degrees C were identical to the native molecules according to their melting profiles, molecular weights and sedimentation behavior. Only at low temperatures (4-15 degrees C) were mismatched structures of lower stability formed. At 25 degrees C helix formation started exclusively at the set of three @entity1520 bridges which link the three chains at the @entity1473 -terminal end. The growth of the triple helix proceeds from this single nucleus at a rather uniform rate in @entity8553 . This gives rise to zero-order kinetics over a large fraction of the conversion. Consequently the time of half conversion is proportional to the length of the molecule. From the appearance and disappearance of intermediates the growth of the triple helix could be observed directly. The rate of helix propagation is determined by the rate of cis leads to trans isomerization of peptide bonds. A model mechanism was devloped which quantitatively described the overall kinetics as well as the time course of the intermediates with a single set of parameters: the rate constant of cis leads to trans isomerization k = 0.015 s-1 and an average number of 30 tripeptide units in uninterrupted stretches of residues with all peptide bonds in trans configuration.

title: Folding mechanism of the triple helix in type-III collagen and type-III pN-collagen. Role of XXXX bridges and peptide bond isomerization.

entities_list: @entity8553 :: ('MESH:C565779', 'Disease') :: ['a zipper-like fashion']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['optical rotation']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['disulfide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major @entity308 is associated with alterations in the neuroendocrine as well as immune system. Few studies examined the impact of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) on these systems in @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). METHODS: In this explorative study 12 @entity1 suffering from medication-resistant @entity308 or @entity308 with @entity716 features were studied during the first, the fifth and eleventh session of @entity34 . Blood samples were taken immediately prior to the electrostimulus and 5, 15 and 30 min after the electrostimulus to assess various lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated or T-cell mitogen induced cytokines, immune cell numbers, Natural Killer cell activity, @entity701 and ACTH. RESULTS: Acute @entity34 increased the LPS-stimulated production of the cytokines @entity650 and @entity310 by peripheral monocytes but not the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 . Acute @entity34 decreased T cell mitogen-induced levels of @entity379 but @entity688 and @entity3646 levels were left unaffected while NK cell activity increased momentarily but significantly. @entity701 and ACTH rose significantly after electrostimulus. Repeated @entity34 had no significant effect on any of the parameters. LIMITATIONS: The study had a small group size. Also the @entity1 group was heterogeneous as it consisted of @entity1 with @entity308 with or without @entity716 features. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that acute @entity34 is associated with transient immunological and neuro-endocrine changes, while repeated @entity34 does not have an additive effect on the immune and neuroendocrine functions.

title: Electroconvulsive therapy has acute immunological and neuroendocrine effects in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'MDD', 'major depressive disorder', 'therapy-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['ECT', 'electroconvulsive therapy']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depressive disorder']


abstract: We used the monoclonal antibody BR96 to determine the expression of the Lewis Y antigen in benign and malignant prostatic tissues. Strong immuno-staining was detected within the basal cells of benign glands in 29 of 30 specimens examined. In contrast, weak immuno-staining of the secretory (luminal) epithelium was detected in only 10 of these same 30 specimens. Moderate to strong immuno-staining of luminal cells, however, was observed in @entity5436 in 15 of 17 specimens. Immuno-staining was detected within the malignant cells in all 49 specimens of primary @entity263 examined. We used a semiquantitative technique to compare the extent of immuno-staining among well (combined Gleason score less than 6), moderately (combined Gleason score 6 to 7) and poorly (combined Gleason score more than 7) differentiated @entity5 as well as metastatic lesions. Poorly differentiated @entity5 demonstrated the greatest extent of immuno-staining compared to moderately and well differentiated @entity420 . Strong immuno-staining was also detected within the malignant cells in 7 metastatic (5 nodal lesions and 2 bone marrow biopsies) @entity5 . The extent of immuno-staining in the metastatic lesions was similar to that observed in the poorly differentiated @entity5 . In summary, the Lewis Y antigen, as detected by BR96, is widely expressed within @entity263 . Furthermore, the poorly differentiated as well as metastatic lesions frequently demonstrated the highest expression of the Lewis Y antigen.

title: Lewis Y antigen as detected by the monoclonal antibody BR96 is expressed strongly in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostatic adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 128 Background: We have recently completed accrual of 63 @entity1 (pts) to our study combining @entity6985 (L), with bevacizumab (B), @entity1205 (D), and @entity229 (P) (ART-P). Due to the lack of improved survival and the increased @entity137 of anti-angiogenic @entity1205 combinations in the MAINSAIL and CALGB 90410 trials we attempted to contrast and compare our studies with the failed phase III trials. METHODS: Among the first 52 pts on the ART-P, 3 received L 15 mg daily, 3 had 20 mg daily, and the rest had 25 mg daily for 14 days of every 21-day cycle (C). We later enrolled 11 more pts at L 15 mg. All pts received D 75 mg/m2 and B 15 mg/kg on day 1 with P 10 mg and @entity2120 daily throughout each C. Pegfilgrastim was given on day 2. @entity1 on CALGB 90410 received D 75 mg/m2 and B 15 mg/kg on day 1 with P 10 mg and on MAINSAIL received D 75 mg/m2, L 25 mg daily for 14 days of every 21-day cycle with daily P. @entity1 on CALGB 90410 and MAINSAIL did not receive @entity2120 or pegfilgrastim prophylactically. RESULTS: Median number of Cs in ART-P was 16 (3-38). PFS was 22 months and median OS has not been reached. Pts with measurable disease had 1 CR and 25 PR (86.7% RR). Two @entity1 (3%) had @entity1150 . Of 1,219 cycles given, 14 cycles were complicated by @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) (1.1%). There were no treatment related @entity204 . In comparison, median number of Cs in MAINSAIL L+DP arm was 6, with a PFS of 45 weeks and an OS of 77 weeks. Thirty-four pts (6.5%) developed @entity1151 and there were 2 @entity204 due to @entity137 in the experimental arm. Nearly 12% of Cs were complicated by @entity1398 . In the experimental arm of CALGB 90410 trial, median OS was 22.6 months with median PFS of 9.9 months. Median number of Cs was 8, and 19 pts developed @entity715 /emboli (3.6%). In addition, 7% of @entity1 developed @entity1398 and treatment related @entity204 were reported at 4%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of supportive care allows the ART-P combination to be given for more cycles than were given in MAINSAIL and CALGB 90401 potentiating a longer PFS, RR and possibly OS with an improved @entity137 profile. This data demonstrates the potential importance of supportive measures and is hypothesis generating for future combination studies. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: NCT00942578.

title: Use of supportive measures to improve outcome and decrease @entity137 in XXXX -based antiangiogenesis combinations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Near-infrared spectroscopy estimates soft-tissue oxygenation approximately 2 to 3 cm below the skin. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate muscle oxygenation in the setting of an @entity697 of the leg and to determine if near-infrared spectroscopy is capable of detecting perfusion deficits. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with unilateral lower extremity @entity130 were enrolled after the diagnosis of an @entity697 was made clinically and confirmed with intracompartmental pressure measurements. Lower extremity muscle compartments were evaluated with near-infrared spectroscopy, and near-infrared spectroscopy values of the uninjured, contralateral leg of each @entity1 were used as internal reference values. The compartment perfusion gradient was calculated as the diastolic blood pressure minus the intracompartmental pressure. RESULTS: Intracompartmental pressures ranged from 21 to 176 mm Hg (mean, 79 mm Hg) and exceeded 30 mm Hg in all compartments but two (both in the same @entity1 ). Thirty-eight compartments had a perfusion gradient of < or = 10 mm Hg (indicating @entity63 ). Among ischemic compartments, near-infrared spectroscopy values in the anterior, lateral, deep posterior, and superficial posterior compartments of the injured limbs were decreased by an average 10.1%, 10.1%, 9.4%, and 16.3% in comparison with the corresponding compartments of the uninjured leg. Differences in near-infrared spectroscopy values (the near-infrared spectroscopy value for the injured leg minus the near-infrared spectroscopy value for the uninjured leg) were positively correlated with compartment perfusion gradient within each compartment (r = 0.82, 0.65, 0.67, and 0.62, for the anterior, lateral, deep posterior, and superficial posterior compartments, respectively; p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Normalized near-infrared spectroscopy values decrease significantly with decreasing lower limb perfusion pressures. Near-infrared spectroscopy may be capable of differentiating between injured @entity1 with and without an @entity697 .

title: Correlation between muscle oxygenation and compartment pressures in XXXX of the leg.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute compartment syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 is one of the deadliest @entity1 @entity5 , with few therapeutic options. Re-activation of embryonic signaling pathways is commonly in @entity1 @entity788 and provided rationale to explore inhibition of these pathways therapeutically. Notch signaling is important during pancreatic development, and it is re-activated in @entity788 . The functional role of Notch signaling during pancreatic @entity105 has been previously characterized using both genetic and drug-based approaches. However, contrasting findings were reported based on the study design. In fact, Notch signaling has been proposed to act as @entity5 -suppressor. Given the availability of Notch inhibitors in the clinic, understanding how this signaling pathway contributes to pancreatic @entity105 has important therapeutic implications. Here, we interrogated the role of Notch signaling specifically in the epithelial compartment of the pancreas, in the context of a genetically engineered @entity19 model of @entity788 . METHODS: To inhibit Notch signaling in the pancreas epithelium, we crossed a @entity19 model of @entity788 based on pancreas-specific expression of mutant @entity11518 with a transgenic @entity19 that conditionally expresses a dominant negative form of the Mastermind-like 1 gene. MAML is an essential co-activator of the canonical Notch signaling-mediated transcription. DNMAML encodes a truncated MAML protein that represses all canonical Notch mediated transcription in a cell autonomous manner, independent of which Notch receptor is activated. As a result, in @entity19 co-expressing mutant @entity11518 and DNMAML, Notch signaling is inhibited specifically in the epithelium upon Cre-mediated recombination. We explored the effect of epithelial-specific DNMAML expression on @entity11518 -driven @entity105 both during normal aging and following the induction of acute @entity788 . RESULTS: We find that DNMAML expression efficiently inhibits epithelial Notch signaling and delays PanIN formation. However, over time, loss of Notch inhibition allows PanIN formation and progression. CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial-specific Notch signaling is important for PanIN initiation. Our findings indicate that PanIN formation can only occur upon loss of epithelial Notch inhibition, thus supporting an essential role of this signaling pathway during pancreatic @entity105 .

title: Epithelial Notch signaling is a limiting step for pancreatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-promoter or tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the preliminary study was to investigate the value of @entity8984 - @entity6758 micro-PET/CT in predicting radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity189 ( @entity189 ) xenografts in @entity19 models. METHODS: Twelve BALB/c-nu @entity19 were randomly divided into two groups. They were subcutaneously injected with either CNE1 or CNE2 cell suspension. Xenograft volumes were measured after @entity5 formation. When the @entity5 reached nearly 10  mm in diameter, they received 15-Gy irradiation. Before and 24  h after irradiation, @entity19 were performed with @entity8984 - @entity6758 micro-PET/CT. The region of interest (ROI) was manually drawn, and the percent of injected dose per gram of the @entity5 and muscle in the ROIs was recorded. Tumor-to-muscle ratio (T/M) was calculated and compared with volume changes. Additionally, we also used ten untreated @entity19 as control group. RESULTS: After irradiation, CNE2 @entity5 decreased significantly while CNE1 @entity5 continuously grew and became stable after 1  week. However, in control group, CNE1 and CNE2 @entity5 continuously enlarged in the observed time. Therefore, we could regard CNE2 group as irradiation responder while CNE1 group as non-responder. In irradiation group, the value of T/M before irradiation (T/M 0) of CNE1 @entity19 was statistically lower than CNE2 @entity19 (1.62      0.38 versus 5.57      1.30; P  =  0.004). Besides, T/M decreased significantly in CNE2 group after irradiation (5.57      1.30 versus 3.59      1.06; P  <  0.001). By means of a receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cut value of T/M 0 and    T/M to predict responder was 2.38 and -0.15, respectively (both sensitivity and specificity  =  100.0  %). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8984 - @entity6758 PET/CT has the potential to predict radiosensitivity in @entity189 xenografts @entity19 models.

title: The preliminary study of @entity8984 - @entity6758 micro-PET/CT in predicting radiosensitivity of @entity1 XXXX xenografts.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: Brain @entity3 from @entity14 are rare, with an incidence of 0.6-4%. The risk and outcome of @entity75 after hepatic and pulmonary metastasectomy have not been previously described. This study aimed to determine the incidence, predictive factors, treatment and survival of @entity1 developing colorectal @entity75 , who had previously undergone resection of hepatic @entity3 . METHOD: A retrospective review was carried out of a prospectively maintained database of @entity1 undergoing liver resection for colorectal @entity3 . RESULTS: Fifty-two (4.0%) of 1304 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity75 . The annual incidence rate was 1.03% per @entity1 -year. In the majority of cases @entity75 were found as part of @entity66 . Median survival was 3.2 months (95% CI: 2.3-4.1), but was best for six @entity1 treated with potentially curative resection [median survival = 13.2 (range, 4.9-32.1) months]. Multivariate analysis showed that a lymph node-positive primary @entity5 [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8-6.19; P = 0.019], large liver @entity3 (> 6 cm) [HR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.19-2.33; P = 0.012] and recurrent @entity6687 [HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.2-4.62; P = 0.013] were independent predictors for the development of @entity75 . CONCLUSION: The annual risk of developing @entity75 following liver resection for colorectal @entity3 is low, but highest for @entity1 presenting with a @entity5 , large liver @entity3 or who subsequently develop disseminated disease. The overall survival from colorectal @entity75 is poor, but resection with curative intent offers @entity1 their best chance of medium-term survival.

title: The incidence and outcome of @entity75 after liver resection for @entity14 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain metastases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' C primary tumour", 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic and extrahepatic disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The renal effects of @entity3363 ( @entity435 ) were studied in two experiments. 1) The effects of @entity435 -energy restriction was evaluated by comparing uremic growing @entity35 (initial weight: 80 g) fed "ad lib" ( @entity35 ) or @entity435 -restricted (starch and @entity413 ) but receiving identical amounts of all other nutrients ( @entity5698 ). @entity5698 showed reduced growth, slower increase in plasma @entity1011 , lower mortality rate, and less histological renal damage than @entity35 . 2) Two types of @entity435 restriction, low @entity413 (R1 @entity35 ) or low starch (R2 @entity35 ) were compared to "ad lib" feeding (L1 @entity35 ) in adult @entity35 (initial weight: 130 g). Growth was identically reduced in R1 and R2 @entity35 . Mean plasma @entity1011 levels at week four was lower in R1 than in L1 @entity35 . The overall rate mortality was higher for @entity17098 than in R1 @entity35 (79%, 81%, 53%) but included deaths from other causes than @entity177 . Actuarial survival excluding these deaths was 27%, 83% and 10% in @entity17099 @entity35 , respectively. @entity8 were found in 25 of 30 L1, 5 of 15 R1, and 12 of 15 R2 @entity35 (R1 vs. R1 and R2, P less than 0.01). The results show that @entity435 restriction may preserve the @entity8 , and suggest that restriction of "simple" rather than "complex" @entity435 restriction may be beneficial, a finding which could be of clinical importance if confirmed by further investigations.

title: Role of amount and nature of XXXX in the course of experimental @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchyma', 'Diffuse renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrates']


abstract: Blood flow, arteriovenous @entity3612 difference, and lumen pressure were measured in isolated loops of @entity235 ileum. Ileal pressure was increased by an intra-arterial infusion of either Met-enkephalin or @entity934 . Pressures were quantitated using a motility index (MI = mean of the pressure peaks divided by number of contractions per minute). Both Met- @entity3000 and @entity934 increased MI in a dose-dependent fashion. The highest MI achieved with @entity934 was 37.9 mmHg, while Met-enkephalin produced a maximal MI of 8.1 mmHg. Ileal @entity26 uptake increased when MI reached values greater than 6. There was a direct linear relationship between @entity26 uptake and MI. Distension of the lumen in the absence of motility resulted in a decrease in @entity26 uptake when lumen pressure reached 15-20 mmHg. The results of these studies indicate that contractions of intestinal smooth muscle can increase intestinal @entity26 uptake and may contribute to the overall @entity26 demands of the gut under conditions of fasting and feeding. Furthermore, large (greater than 20 mmHg) increments in lumen pressure during enhanced motility may compromise intestinal oxygenation.

title: Relations among XXXX intestinal motility, blood flow, and oxygenation.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3000 :: ('MESH:D004745', 'Chemical') :: ['enkephalin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3361 ( @entity3361 ) has been reported to be an @entity32 , reflected by elevated high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP). We investigated the interactions among gender, age, @entity101 and hs-CRP in @entity1 with @entity3361 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined 722 Taiwanese @entity1 with or without @entity3361 during an 8-year period. None of the @entity1 had obstructive @entity453 . Serum hs-CRP levels were examined in a subset of 375 @entity1 to evaluate the interactions of hs-CRP with gender, age, smoking and @entity101 in the development of @entity3361 . RESULTS: In @entity1 , only the highest hs-CRP tertile (> 3 mg L     ) was independently associated with @entity3361 . In @entity1 , age > 58 years and the highest hs-CRP tertile were independently associated with @entity3361 . In @entity1 , elevated risk was only demonstrated in @entity1  <= 58 years of age with hs-CRP levels in the highest tertile. In @entity1 , a positively monotonic trend was demonstrated between hs-CRP levels and @entity3361 in those > 58 years of age. The odds ratios of @entity3361 in both @entity1 and @entity1 with hs-CRP in the highest tertile reduced from 6  01 to 1  48 and 6  35-2  69 respectively, if they had @entity101 . CONCLUSION: The relationship between hs-CRP and @entity3361 differed between @entity1 and @entity1 . Our findings that there is a non-threshold model in @entity1 and a threshold model in @entity1 provide evidence that more smokers in @entity1 (life-style) and age (induction time) contribute to the natural history of @entity3361 development. The negative effect of @entity101 on @entity3361 suggests that the pathogenesis of @entity3361 differs from that of @entity453 .

title: Interactions among gender, age, @entity101 and @entity1851 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary vasospasm', 'CVsp']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3361 :: (MESH:D003329,Disease) :: ['coronary vasospasm']


abstract: A heterozygous @entity23851 mutation in the @entity3669 ( @entity3669 ) gene, @entity3669 , was identified in a @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity75 . Clinically, this form of @entity1579 was characterized by early-onset @entity303 as the predominant sign, along with @entity194 and hypometabolism. The age at onset was 40 years and the disease duration was 4 years. Additional neurological signs including @entity6447 and @entity854 were absent until late stages of the disease. The @entity23851 mutation was not found in non-affected family members. This mutation results in the removal of one of the two consensus sites for glycosylation of @entity3669 . Neuropathological examination revealed severe @entity528 and @entity528 in the neocortex, putamen and claustrum, small plaque-like @entity3669 -immunoreactive deposits in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, and faint intracellular cytoplasmic @entity3669 immunoreactivity. Western blot analysis of the @entity1 's brain tissue showed protease K-resistant @entity3669 with a definite preponderance of the monoglycosylated form. The additional appearance of a band representing diglycosylated PrPSc strongly suggests that non-mutated @entity3669 also acquires protease resistance in the present setting. Cell culture experiments confirmed previous reports on intracellular retention of the mutant protein in vitro. This is the second report of a disease-causing @entity23851 mutation of @entity3669 , and the clinical, histological and genetic observations strongly suggest that @entity23851 is a disease-causing mutation.

title: Loss of glycosylation associated with the @entity23851 mutation in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['spongiform encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['EEG abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['global cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spongiform degeneration', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity1579 :: (MESH:D017096,Disease) :: ['prion disease']


abstract: We have earlier shown that a peptide derived from the @entity15864 (pBMP-9) stimulates @entity19 preosteoblasts MC3T3-E1 differentiation in vitro. Here, we evaluated the effects of two delivery systems (DSs) for pBMP-9, one based on collagen and the other on chitosan. The release kinetics of @entity15864 (used as control) and pBMP-9 from these DSs were first determined in vitro by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high performance liquid chromatography assays, respectively. Micro-computerized tomography and histological analysis were then performed to study in vivo the @entity2736 induced by both DSs containing these molecules in C57BL/6 @entity19 @entity121 . We found that collagen DS released in vitro about 35% of its @entity15864 within 1   h, whereas chitosan DS released 80%. The pBMP-9 was released from both DSs more slowly for up to 10 days. These release kinetics seemed to fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Only chitosan DS containing @entity15864 induced strong bone formation in all @entity19 @entity121 within 24 days. All @entity19 @entity121 treated by pBMP-9 trapped in this DS also favored bone structures that started to mineralize. However, pBMP-9 in collagen DS failed to promote @entity2736 within 24 days in vivo. This study highlights the importance to optimize carrier, thus improving the efficiency of pBMP-9 in vivo.

title: The evaluation of ectopic bone formation induced by delivery systems for XXXX or its derived peptide.

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps']

answer: @entity15864 :: (12165(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-9']


abstract: @entity358 constitute only 0.1-0.5% of all primary @entity358 . These @entity5 may derive from the lung parenchyma, bronchial tree or pulmonary arteries. The most important entity in the differential diagnosis is metastatic @entity1352 . A 76-years-old @entity1 was admitted for investigation of a fever, productive cough, @entity1353 , @entity353 and left-sided @entity662 which had been present for one month. A chest computerised tomography showed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes were observed, as well as a @entity1143 . Thoracentesis revealed @entity1143 which was exudate and lymphocyte predominant, closed pleural biopsy showed @entity32 . Left sided thoracoscopy was performed under local anesthesia, total collapse of left lung and multiple pleural nodules were observed on the visceral pleura multiple biopsies were obtained from those nodules. Pathologic examinations revealed " @entity1352 ". As skeleton single photon emission tomography was unremarkable, primary @entity1352 was decided as diagnosis and chemotherapy was planned for the @entity1 . Primary @entity1352 is a rare @entity2 but it is rare entity.

title: An old @entity1 with @entity353 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic pleural effusion', 'left-sided pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm of lung and pleura']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma', 'synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary sarcomas', 'lung malignancies']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: Caustic ingestion is a common cause for acquired esophageal strictures in @entity1 . Thoracoscopic esophagectomy can be very useful in this setting, particularly for short segments of disease [1-4]. Thus far, the use of endoscopy to guide resection margins has not been described. METHODS: A 6-year-old @entity1 developed a tight, short esophageal stricture from a lye ingestion injury at the age of 4 years. He had a @entity5274 placed at the time for supplemental feedings and subsequently failed attempts at antegrade and retrograde esophageal dilatation. This video demonstrates an endoscopically guided (endoscopes simultaneously passed retrograde via the gastrostomy and antegrade through the oropharynx) thoracoscopic esophagectomy and primary @entity254 management of the stricture. METHODS: In the left lateral decubitus position, four 5-mm ports were placed in the right chest in the fifth intercostal space, anterior-axillary line; sixth intercostal space, midaxillary line; fourth intercostal space, midaxillary line; and seventh intercostal space, posterior axillary line. A 5-mm 30 degrees Storz telescope and 4.9-mm and 9.6-mm Olympus endoscopes were used. The area of esophageal stricture was identified using the endoscopes and thoracoscopically dissected circumferentially. The vagus nerves were identified and circumferentially freed from the strictured esophageal segment. Primary resection and @entity254 was performed using intracorporeal sutures and then tested for leak using the endoscope via the @entity3337 . RESULTS: Esophagram on postoperative day (POD) 7 revealed no leak and a widely patent @entity254 . He was discharged home on a soft diet on POD 8 and continues to feed orally over 1 year following his operation. CONCLUSION: As demonstrated by our video, endoscopy is a useful adjunct in the performance of a thoracoscopic esophagectomy for short esophageal stricture. It is particularly helpful because it provides direct visualization of the compromised lumen and allows for a more precise resection.

title: Multimedia article: endoscopically guided thoracoscopic esophagectomy for stricture in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy site']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: The molecule of @entity2964 that belongs to the chromoprotein family of antitumor antibiotics is composed of an apoprotein ( @entity2965 ) and an enediyne chromophore. The @entity2966 moiety of the molecule is responsible for the potent @entity137 ; however, the biological function of the apoprotein moiety, particularly its interaction with @entity5 cells, remains unclear. In present study, the binding capability of @entity2965 to @entity1 @entity5 was detected for the first time by tissue microarray. @entity2965 bound to various @entity1 @entity5 with significant difference from the corresponding normal tissues. Positive correlation between binding activity and the overexpression of @entity7 and @entity470 was confirmed by @entity2 tissue microarray. A fusion protein LG- @entity2965 that consists of @entity2965 and a ligand oligopeptide to @entity470 was constructed by DNA recombination. LG- @entity2965 showed augmented binding to @entity470 -overexpressing @entity5 cells. Furthermore, an energized fusion protein LG- @entity2965 -AE was prepared by integrating the active enediyne (AE) into LG- @entity2965 molecule. By @entity98 assay, LG- @entity2965 -AE displayed extremely potent @entity137 to @entity5 cells with IC50 approximate to 0.01nM. The results indicate that @entity2965 binds to various @entity1 @entity5 and it might serve as a delivery carrier by integration of ligand oligopeptide to manufacture motif-based, targeted fusion proteins for @entity5 .

title: Binding capability of the enediyne-associated apoprotein to @entity1 XXXX and constitution of a ligand oligopeptide-integrated protein.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2964 :: ('MESH:C058024', 'Chemical') :: ['lidamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2966 :: ('CHEBI:53272', 'Chemical') :: ['enediyne']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Twenty-eight consecutive recipients of HLA-identical sibling marrow grafts received prophylaxis for GVHD with high-dose @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity288 . @entity870 5 mg/kg/day (2.5 mg/kg infused over 4 h twice daily) was started on day -1 and continued until @entity1 could take oral @entity870 (15 mg/kg/day). @entity870 doses were adjusted to maintain concentrations between 200-800 ng/ml (whole-blood HPLC) until the tapering period (days 268-361). @entity1667 0.5 mg/kg/day was started on day 7, increased to 1 mg/kg/day during days 15-28, and tapered thereafter until discontinuance on day 194. Low @entity870 trough levels occurred in 15 @entity1 (54%) during the i.v. administration period. Ten @entity1 (36%) developed grade I and 3 @entity1 (11%) developed grade II acute GVHD; there were no cases of @entity66 . The actuarial incidence of chronic GVHD was 29% at 1 year but 57% at 2 years due to development of chronic GVHD after discontinuation of immunosuppressive agents. High blood @entity870 concentrations in stable outpatients led to dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. Infections occurred throughout the period of extended immunosuppression (from 6 to 12 months) but were not life-threatening. The actuarial incidence of leukemic relapse was 18% at 1 year and 25% at 2 years. Actuarial survival at 1 and 2 years was 68 and 51%, respectively. Despite the frequent occurrence of low @entity870 trough levels, this regimen appeared to be effective in preventing acute GVHD. Immunosuppressive prophylaxis beyond 1 year may be required to reduce late-onset chronic GVHD.

title: High-dose XXXX and @entity288 for prophylaxis of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['grade III or IV disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a new three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence (Turbo LAVA) that uses undersampled k-space acquisition combined with a two-dimensional parallel imaging technique for hepatobiliary MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty @entity1 underwent T1-weighted @entity18497 -enhanced hepatobiliary axial MRI during a single breath-hold using both Turbo LAVA (thickness/interval=1.6/0.8mm) and conventional three-dimensional gradient-echo (4/2mm; LAVA) sequences at 3T. Axial 4-mm-thick reformation was performed from Turbo LAVA images. Portal vein-to-liver contrast (PLC), bile duct-to-liver contrast (BLC), and lesion-to-liver contrast (LLC) were compared. Two radiologists independently assessed image quality using a five-point scale. Sagittal 4-mm-thick multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) were performed from both sequences and assessed together with directly obtained 4-mm-thick sagittal LAVA images in terms of @entity2406 . The paired t-test was used to compare PLC, BLC, and LLC. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare five-point scales. RESULTS: The mean PLC (P<0.001), BLC (P<0.001), and LLC (P<0.005) were significantly higher for Turbo LAVA than for LAVA; the scores for image noise and @entity2406 were inferior (P=0.000 and 0.005) and superior (0.005 and 0.157) for Turbo LAVA. There were no significant differences in the scores for bile duct visualization, artifacts, fat suppression quality, overall quality, and focal lesion conspicuity. For sagittal images, MPR Turbo LAVA showed significantly better @entity2406 than MPR LAVA but showed significantly worse @entity2406 compared with directly obtained LAVA. CONCLUSION: High-spatial-resolution single-breath-hold hepatobiliary MRI using Turbo LAVA was feasible. Diagnostic-quality MPR images can be obtained using this sequence.

title: Single-breath-hold thin-slice XXXX -enhanced hepatobiliary MR imaging using a newly developed three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo sequence.

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoxetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['sharpness']

answer: @entity18497 :: (MESH:C073590,Chemical) :: ['gadoxetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors investigated the associations between enamel @entity3296 , caries and early @entity1388 use among Norwegian @entity1 who received @entity1388 supplementation under a protocol similar to the current U.S. protocol. METHODS: Two examiners whose techniques were calibrated examined randomly selected middle-school-aged @entity1 living in Bergen, Norway-where the water supply contains less than 0.10 milligrams of @entity1388 per liter-for both enamel @entity3296 and caries by using the Fluorosis Risk Index and modified National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research criteria. The authors ascertained past @entity1388 exposure via a follow-up questionnaire mailed to parents. RESULTS: The questionnaire had an 88 percent response rate and 87 percent reliability. Adjusted analyses revealed a strong association between regular supplementation (given in the form of lozenges) and mild to moderate enamel @entity3296 (odds ratio [OR], 6.85; P < .05), as well as @entity3296 of lesser severity (OR, 3.07; P < .05). No @entity1 who had exclusively used only a @entity3587 -sized amount of toothpaste (0.1 percent @entity1388 ) had mild to moderate @entity3296 . The authors found a 40 percent reduction in caries risk associated with early use of @entity3587 -sized amounts of fluoridated toothpaste and a 46 percent reduction associated with regular use of @entity1388 supplement lozenges. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that both risk of @entity3296 development and caries-preventive benefit are associated with regular use of @entity1388 supplements, and caries prevention was associated with early use of a @entity3587 -sized amount of toothpaste. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings underscore the need for clinicians to consider thoroughly-and discuss with a @entity1 's parent or guardian-both the benefit and the potential risk of @entity3296 development associated with preventive @entity1388 agents before introducing them. Clinicians also should emphasize the proper use of such agents.

title: The risk of enamel @entity3296 and caries among Norwegian XXXX : implications for Norway and the United States.

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Agitation after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is observed in approximately 7% of @entity1 . @entity4489 is an @entity16206 with sedative properties that has no antiseizure effects and therefore can be administered before ECT to prevent the onset of @entity2146 . In the current study, we present a series of 8 @entity1 who reacted to ECT with severe @entity2146 and improved under the treatment of @entity4489 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 were included (5 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ), ages 22 to 77 years. All @entity1 showed severe post-ECT @entity2146 as demonstrated by severe @entity2146 , crying, or mumbling loudly. Seven of them required the administration of intravenous @entity1363 . ECT was given according to established clinical protocols at the Sheba Medical Center. All @entity1 were prescribed either 25 to 50 mg of @entity4489 2 hours before the treatment to avoid @entity2146 . RESULTS: All 8 @entity1 suffered from extreme @entity2146 after ECT treatment, and 7 required the administration of intravenous @entity1363 . After a clinical protocol, these @entity1 were prescribed 25-50 mg of @entity4489 orally 60-120 minutes before the ECT. Improvement was observed in all @entity1 both immediately post-ECT and also in their overall sense of well-being after the ECT. No @entity1 complained of adverse reactions to the @entity4489 . Most @entity1 reported a relief in pre-ECT fears. CONCLUSION: In this small case series, we found that @entity4489 can be used to prevent post-ECT @entity2146 . Further double-blind controlled studies are needed to better evaluate the usefulness and appropriateness of @entity4489 in the prevention of pre-ECT fears and post-ECT @entity2146 .

title: @entity4489 for the treatment of XXXX after electroconvulsive therapy: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['Promethazine', 'promethazine']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['restlessness', 'agitation']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity2146 :: (MESH:D011595,Disease) :: ['agitation']