abstract: Surgical correction of genital defects was formerly proposed when the size of the penis was sufficient to permit easy surgical repair. To enlarge penile size, temporary stimulation with @entity251 or @entity586 cream has been used; however, the results were not only inconsistent, but absorption was also variable. We report our experience with parenteral @entity251 as an adjunct to reconstructive genital surgery in 25 @entity1 aged 6-18 months from July 1999 to December 2000, including 8 with @entity546 , 15 with @entity12094 , and 2 with perineal @entity2650 . Each had a penis that was significantly smaller than usual. @entity2609 25 mg was given i.m. once per month for a total of three doses before surgical repair. Penile length and glans circumference were measured before therapy and at operation. Side effects such as the development of pubic hair and acne were monitored. Bone age was checked 1 year later. An increase in @entity546 (from 19.8 +/- 2.4 mm to 23.8 +/- 2.0 mm) and glans circumference (from 27.4 +/- 1.4 mm to 37.84 +/- 2.6 mm) was apparent in all except 2 @entity1 (P < 0.001 for both, paired t-test). Four @entity1 had a significant increase in either @entity546 or glans circumference after the initial dose so that no further injections were required. No definite secondary effects were found. Preoperative parenteral @entity251 therapy thus causes a significant increase in @entity546 and glans circumference without apparent side effects. We suggest that this therapy prior to @entity2650 repair is appropriate.

title: Use of parenteral XXXX prior to @entity2650 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity12094 :: ('MESH:C566526', 'Disease') :: ['penoscrotal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias', 'microphallic hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile length', 'penile hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity2609 :: ('MESH:C004648', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone enanthate']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blunt @entity542 is a common injury in @entity1 , although it rarely requires surgical intervention. Cranial computed tomography (CT) is the reference standard for the diagnosis of @entity131 but has been associated with increased lifetime malignancy risk. We implemented a multifaceted quality improvement initiative to decrease the use of cranial CT for @entity1 with minor @entity542 . METHODS: We designed and implemented a quality improvement effort that included an evidence-based guideline as well as individual feedback for @entity1 aged 0 to 21 years who present to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) for evaluation of minor blunt @entity542 . Our primary outcome was cranial CT rate, and our balancing measure was any return to the @entity341 within 72 hours that required hospitalization. We used statistical process control methodology to measure cranial CT rates over time. RESULTS: We included 6851 @entity341 visits of which 4242 (62%) occurred in the post-guideline implementation period. From a baseline CT rate of 21%, we observed an absolute reduction of 6% in cranial CT rate (95% confidence interval 3% to 9%) after initial guideline implementation and an additional absolute reduction of 6% (95% confidence interval 4% to 8%) after initiation of individual provider feedback. No @entity1 discharged from the @entity341 required admission within 72 hours of initial evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: An @entity341 quality improvement effort that included an evidence-based guideline as well as individual provider feedback was associated with a reduction in cranial CT rates without an increase in missed significant @entity542 .

title: Quality Improvement Effort to Reduce Cranial CTs for @entity1 With Minor Blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Trauma']


abstract: Thirty strains of @entity880 bacteria (LAB) were isolated from herders' traditional dairy products collected from Xinjiang, China. The species @entity10263 , Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus and Leuconostoc were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis and conventional observation. The strains' fermentation characteristics, including milk acidification, proteolysis, autolysis, antimicrobial activity and @entity12741 production, were assayed and compared. Strains NL24 and NL31 showed the highest proteolytic activity-2  75 and 2  08  mmol @entity815 l(-1) milk, respectively. Strains C, NL41, SW2, Z3-11, NL42 and Z2-91 had high autolytic activity. In addition, most of the wild strains produced @entity12741 , half of them to high levels. This study provides a clue to LAB biodiversity in traditional dairy foods produced by herders in the western Tianshan Mountains. High-performing strains should be further evaluated for practical application in value-added fermented dairy products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our results reveal a certain variety of @entity880 bacteria (LAB) in traditional dairy products from Xinjiang. Some of the LAB strains, such as @entity10263 NL24 and @entity6983 SW2, possess excellent functional properties and have the potential for application in indigenous fermented dairy products. Performance of the newly isolated strains in cheese or yogurt manufacturing was further evaluated. Application of the high-performing strains to enrich the flavour of fermented dairy products is highly desirable and holds great commercial potential.

title: Identification and partial characterization of XXXX bacteria isolated from traditional dairy products produced by herders in the western Tianshan Mountains of China.

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus rhamnosus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity6983 :: ('1597', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: Chronic @entity796 respiratory tract colonization in @entity1 with @entity1577 is associated with development of antibodies to the organism. In contrast to the protection usually afforded by humoral immunity to a bacterial pathogen, the immune response to @entity796 may help perpetuate @entity281 and contribute to @entity358 in @entity1577 . To determine if specific anti-P. aeruginosa antibody levels correlated with @entity358 , we measured antibodies to seven @entity796 serotypes, and correlated the geometric mean titer with pulmonary function tests. @entity1 were divided into groups without @entity796 colonization (n = 20), with recent colonization (n = 20), and with chronic colonization (n = 60). Noncolonized @entity1 had normal pulmonary function or mild @entity3885 , and low anti-P. aeruginosa titers. Pulmonary function tests in recently colonized @entity1 were not different from those of noncolonized patients, but antibody titers were higher. Following colonization FEV1 declined and titers increased rapidly. @entity1 with chronic colonization had worse pulmonary function and higher titers, but while the former were stable the latter gradually increased. An inverse correlation was found between anti-P. aeruginosa titer and FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 (P less than 0.001) in these @entity1 ; age was not a factor. The strong correlation between severity of @entity358 and anti-P. aeruginosa titer demonstrates that an exaggerated immune response to @entity796 is associated with @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

title: Respiratory tract colonization with XXXX in @entity1577 : correlations between anti- @entity796 aeruginosa antibody levels and pulmonary function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary dysfunction', 'pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 136 Background: Accurate @entity5 treatment reporting to a @entity5 registry (TR) is critical as data measurement is the foundation for improvement. Yet as adjuvant treatment moves to outpatient settings, reporting is problematic. We undertook a solutions-focused exercise to identify reporting barriers and facilitators and devise a pilot intervention to improve reporting. METHODS: We convened a multidisciplinary group of community-based surgical and medical oncologists, TR staff, and hospital leadership. The group identified 3 key barriers: 1) inability to identify correct managing @entity601 , 2) poor communication, and 3) manual reporting burden. The intervention focused on the 1st 2 barriers-those with easy fixes and great potential impact: TR obtained correct information, changed contact forms, worked with pathology to ascertain cases in real-time, tracked and reported practice responses weekly; MDs primed office staff to respond to TR requests. RESULTS: Pre-intervention, the TR identified none of 20 pilot @entity1 ' managing medical oncologist or adjuvant treatment. During the April to May 2012 intervention, 22 @entity0 @entity1 listed our volunteer surgeon as managing @entity601 . The TR sent 22 treatment letters to the surgeon's office, received 20 (91%) responses with managing @entity601 data provided for all. @entity1 were referred to full-time (26%) and community (74%) medical oncologists; 64% of required adjuvant treatment was reported. 47% of cases were closed; 53% remain open. Closed cases required 5.9 contacts (38.9 mins; sd=8.99), open cases had 8.2 contacts (48.4 mins; sd=2.85). Surgical staff spent ~1/2 hour per case to identify the oncologist prescribing adjuvant treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The solutions-focused exercise successfully improved identification of managing oncologists from 0% to 86% for @entity1 treated by community oncologists. Treatment reporting increased from 2.6% to 64%. The pilot did not address the burden of reporting which remains great for both TR and community oncologists. While electronic access can reduce this burden through direct interface between an EMR and TR software, this approach is not currently feasible for community-based oncologists.

title: Can we improve community adjuvant treatment reporting to a XXXX registry?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hospital tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hospital tumor']


abstract: Iridovirus-like pathogens have been recognized as a cause of serious @entity262 among feral, cultured and ornamental fish in the recent years. Mortalities of fish due to systemic @entity281 reaching 30-100% were observed in Europe, Australia, Japan and Thailand. Up to now, the molecular biology of these important pathogens has been poorly documented. To get better insights on the genomic organization of these piscine iridoviruses, we have constructed a cosmid viral DNA library from the @entity39 ( @entity39 ). Two recombinant cosmids (Cos7 and @entity66390 ) have been selected for systematic sequencing. Cos7 and 12 are localized side by side along the genome and cover the 2/3 part of the total @entity39 genome which has been estimated to be approximately 101.47 kb in length. Thirty five kilobase pairs (kbps) from Cos7 and 10 kbps from @entity66390 have been determined. Sequence analysis revealed open reading frames (ORF) sharing homologies with sequences from the @entity12716 such as the p31 and p40 proteins. Among the others identified ORFs, some of them presented homologies with known protein sequences, such as the @entity1 @entity12465 protein, and some did not show any significant homologies with sequences available in the databases. But, none were related to @entity778 , a member of the Iridoviridae family, for which the full genome @entity377 sequence has been determined.

title: Partial mapping and sequencing of a fish iridovirus genome reveals genes homologous to the @entity12716 p31, p40 and @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphocystis virus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus', 'EHNV']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['iridovirus infection']

answer: @entity12465 :: (83939,Gene) :: ['eIF2alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Maternal high-fat intake during pregnancy may have long-term consequences in the offspring. Since this might relate to the capacity of mitochondrial metabolic adaptation and hepatic lipid metabolism, we investigated how maternal high-fat intake affected mitochondrial function and @entity1560 in the offspring. DESIGN: @entity35 were fed a high-fat (20% w/w) or a control diet (chow, C) from 10  days before pregnancy and throughout lactation. At weaning the litters were split into two groups; one was continued on the maternal diet and the other was fed low-fat chow. SAMPLE: Skeletal muscle mitochondria and liver lipids. METHODS: Mitochondrial respiration and hepatic lipid content were determined during and after weaning, on days 20 and 70 postpartum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mitochondrial function and hepatic lipids. RESULTS: At 20  days, maternal high-fat diet caused increased Vo2max with @entity2388 as substrate (p  =  0.047), at 70  days, pups born by C-dams, but not those born by high-fat-dams, showed increased oxidation of @entity13134 in the absence of @entity857 (p  =  0.018). Rates of @entity857 -stimulated @entity26 consumption, maximal respiratory capacity and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio with @entity2388 , increased post weaning (p  <  0.001), whereas respiratory control ratio with @entity13134 decreased (p  =  0.013). The increase in respiratory control ratio was most pronounced in pups from C-dams (p  =  0.05). The high-fat-diet caused pronounced @entity1560 in pups at weaning (p  <  0.001), without concomitant @entity2367 accumulation, while high-fat-feeding after weaning induced @entity1674 and @entity2367 accumulation (p  <  0.01), regardless of maternal diet. CONCLUSION: Intake of a fat-rich diet during pregnancy and lactation reduced the age-induced increases in un-coupled fat oxidation.

title: Acute and perinatal programming effects of a fat-rich diet on XXXX muscle mitochondrial function and hepatic lipid accumulation.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity13134 :: ('MESH:D010172', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoylcarnitine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity416 and @entity1311 (XP) has demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity in preclinical models. Three-weekly XP regimens have demonstrated excellent efficacy in phase II and III trials in metastatic @entity0 . We conducted a dose-finding study to identify the recommended 4-weekly XP regimen in @entity1 with inoperable or recurrent @entity0 for phase II evaluation. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had inoperable or recurrent @entity0 previously treated with chemotherapy (but not @entity416 or @entity1311 ) in the (neo)adjuvant or metastatic setting. Each 4-week treatment cycle consisted of escalating doses of @entity416 (628 or 829 mg/m(2) twice daily [b.i.d.] on days 1-21) and @entity1311 (80 or 90 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15). Dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) were evaluated during the first two cycles. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were treated. At dose level 1 ( @entity416 628 mg/m(2) b.i.d. plus @entity1311 80 mg/m(2)), one @entity1 experienced a DLT (grade 3 non-hematologic @entity137 ). There were no further DLTs at dose level 1 or 2. Although the @entity21035 was not reached, dose level 2 ( @entity416 829 mg/m(2) b.i.d., days 1-21, plus @entity1311 80 mg/m(2), days 1, 8, and 15, every 28 days) is recommended for phase II evaluation, taking into consideration the single-agent doses used in Japan and the doses identified in Western studies of 3-weekly XP. The overall response rate was 44%; all @entity1 treated at dose level 2 achieved a partial response. CONCLUSIONS: This 4-weekly XP regimen was well tolerated, active in @entity1 with pretreated @entity0 , and could be given as outpatient treatment. These results are consistent with findings of phase II and III trials evaluating 3-weekly regimens, and indicate that further investigation of a 4-weekly XP regimen is warranted.

title: XXXX and @entity1311 combination chemotherapy for inoperable or recurrent @entity0 : a phase I dose-finding study by the Kinki @entity0 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Gelatinolytic enzymes, which degrade type IV basement membrane collagen, have been shown to be expressed by corneal cells, either constitutively (gelatinase A or @entity1476 ) or after induction (gelatinase B or @entity1495 ). Our aim was to determine whether an enhanced @entity1495 and eventually @entity1476 concentration in tears could be evidenced in the case of corneal-graft failure. METHODS: The amount of @entity1476 and @entity1495 gelatinolytic enzymes was measured by quantitative zymography in tears of twenty-one controls (84 samplings) and in tears of twenty-three corneal-grafted @entity1 in a one-year post-graft follow-up study. RESULTS: The mean @entity1476 values in controls were of 8.4 (+/-7.3) pg/10 micrograms protein and the mean @entity1495 values in controls were of 73 (+/-76) pg/10 micrograms protein. No active gelatinase form was detected in any of controls, but in all cases of @entity177 , the active forms of both enzymes were present, and enzyme concentrations were higher than control values. All @entity1 had significantly higher @entity1495 values than controls at each sampling time (p < 0.0001). The "corneal-graft failure" @entity1 group had statistically significant higher @entity1495 concentrations in tears than the "successful-graft" @entity1 group at one month (p = 0.0312), four months (p = 0.0158) and one year (p < 0.01) after the graft. The presence of active @entity1495 was highly significant of graft failure four months and one year after the graft (p < 0.0001). In contrast, @entity1476 increase was delayed, with significantly higher @entity1476 values than controls in all @entity1 at four months (p = 0.0231) and one year (p = 0.0001) after the graft, but @entity1476 values could not discriminate between @entity1 groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, all cases of graft failure showed abnormally high levels of the active forms of metalloproteinase enzymes, and these values far exceeded the maximum control concentration. @entity1495 measurements in tears made between one and four months after corneal transplantation, and while local corticotherapy is steadily established, should help in predicting corneal graft rejection.

title: Gelatinase concentration in tears of corneal-grafted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['corneal graft failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: I would like to express sincere thanks to all the @entity1 involved in awarding the 2005 Congress Award. It is a great honor to be given the prize. I have been interested in @entity349 toxicology since I was a graduate student and @entity349 toxicology has been my main subject of focus for 30 years. I am proud to continue the research in this field. In this presentation I would like to summarize some of my research works and to talk anecdotes related to the research works. Soon after I became involved in this research field, I came across "behavioral teratology", which is a novel field of study whose focus is understanding the postnatal consequences of exposure to harmful agents in utero. Spyker and her colleagues clearly showed postnatal behavioral deviations in @entity19 offspring exposed to a low dose of @entity5165 prenatally. In various animal experiments, I elucidated the subtle consequences that appear postnatally. I found that these consequences are modified by many factors such as @entity4259 status, @entity3215 , and heat, because the degree of exposure to produce these consequences can be extremely small. These experiments simulate actual @entity1 life and the results will be useful to assess the risk of @entity5165 exposure through fish consumption in the @entity1 population, since fish eating populations are exposed to these factors at a low dose. Recently, cohort studies elucidating the possible effects of prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants in the postnatal period have been established and ongoing. When a conclusion is drawn, it is expected to serve as basic information that is useful for the risk assessment of @entity5165 and other environmental pollutants. This will give great gratification to scientists in environmental health and preventive medicine.

title: [My experience in XXXX toxicology: behavioral teratology study of the effects of prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: @entity1854 ( @entity4982 ) has been widely used to control blood pressure in @entity1 and @entity1 . The goals of this analysis were to develop models that describe the hemodynamic response to @entity4982 dosing in pediatric @entity1 ; examine sources of variation in dose-response, defining age, and size dependencies; and determine vulnerable populations or @entity1 subtypes that may elicit dosing modifications. A multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, dose-ranging, effect-controlled study, followed by an open-label dose titration of an intravenous infusion of @entity4982 was undertaken in 203 pediatric subjects, who required deliberate @entity551 or controlled normotension during anesthesia. A total of 3464 MAP measurements collected from 202 @entity1 during the study's blinded phase, including baseline measurements up to 6 min prior to the blinded were available for analysis. A population K-PD model was developed with a one-compartment model assumed for @entity4982 . Size differences in CL and V of the effect compartment were described using theory-based allometry. An inhibitory sigmoidal Emax model was used to describe the effect of @entity4982 . A power function of age was used to describe age-related differences in baseline MAP. A mixture model of two groups with low and high EC50 was used to explain variability in MAP response. Change in MAP was characterized by a linear disease progression slope during the blinded phase. In the final population model, CL and V increased with weight, and baseline MAP increased with age. The effect compartment half-life of @entity4982 was 13.4 min. The infusion rate producing 50% of Emax (ER50) at steady state for high EC50, was 0.34  g/kg/min and for low EC50 0.103  g/kg/min. The K-PD model well-describes initial dosing of @entity4982 under controlled circumstances; model-based dosing guidance agrees with current practice. An initial titration strategy supported via algorithm-based feedback should improve maintenance of target MAP.

title: A hemodynamic model to guide blood pressure control during deliberate @entity551 with @entity1854 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4613 vibrations serve as local probes of @entity3884 bonding and structural fluctuations of hydration shells around ions. Interactions of @entity47525 ions and their aqueous environment are studied combining femtosecond 2D infrared spectroscopy, ab-initio calculations, and hybrid quantum-classical @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations. Two-dimensional infrared spectra of the symmetric (  S( @entity4095 (-))) and asymmetric (  @entity5427 ( @entity4095 (-))) @entity4095 stretching vibrations display nearly homogeneous lineshapes and pronounced anharmonic couplings between the two modes and with the   (P-(OH)2) bending modes. The frequency-time correlation function derived from the 2D spectra consists of a predominant 50 fs decay and a weak constant component accounting for a residual inhomogeneous broadening. @entity74 simulations show that the fluctuating electric field of the aqueous environment induces strong fluctuations of the   S( @entity4095 (-)) and   @entity5427 ( @entity4095 (-)) transition frequencies with larger frequency excursions for   @entity5427 ( @entity4095 (-)). The calculated frequency-time correlation function is in good agreement with the experiment. The   ( @entity4095 (-)) frequencies are mainly determined by polarization contributions induced by electrostatic @entity4613 -water interactions. @entity47525 / @entity4358 cluster calculations reveal substantial frequency shifts and mode mixing with increasing hydration. Predicted @entity4613 -water @entity3884 bond (HB) lifetimes have values on the order of 10 ps, substantially longer than water-water HB lifetimes. The ultrafast @entity4613 -water interactions observed here are in marked contrast to hydration dynamics of phospholipids where a quasi-static inhomogeneous broadening of @entity4613 vibrations suggests minor structural fluctuations of interfacial water.

title: Ultrafast XXXX hydration dynamics in bulk @entity4358 .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity4613 :: ('D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate', 'Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

answer: @entity4613 :: (D010710,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous compounds for treating @entity1 disease have been discovered in nature. @entity47491 ( @entity1 -A) is a natural, well-tolerated microbial metabolite and a potent experimental tumoricide. We recently showed that @entity1 -A stimulated Reactive @entity26 Species (ROS) which were upstream of @entity563 / @entity1889 (Ser/Thr) dephosphorylation and caspase-dependent cleavage of @entity8047 and @entity584 in @entity706 . Conversely, activation-specific, Ser/Thr phosphorylation of @entity8047 and @entity584 proteins was stable in @entity1 -A-resistant @entity5 suggesting that stimulation of Ser/Thr PPase activity might be required for @entity1 -A tumoricidal activity. Pre-treatment with @entity29478 , an equipotent inhibitor of @entity13977 and @entity4333 , blocked all downstream effects of @entity1 -A whereas, the @entity4333 -selective inhibitor, @entity18398 did not, suggesting that @entity13977 and not @entity4333 played a role in @entity1 -A action. Phosphorylation of @entity30152 on Thr320 inhibits its activity. Hence, we posited that if @entity30152 was important for @entity1 -A action, then @entity1 -A treatment should promote dephosphorylation of @entity30152 on Thr320. Indeed, T320 was only dephosphorylated in the @entity5 that underwent apoptosis. Lastly, stable over-expression of a constitutively active @entity30152 mimetic (PP1a @entity65282 mutant), elevated basal ROS levels and enhanced @entity1 -A-stimulated apoptosis. Taken together, we conclude that @entity30152 is an important proximal effector of @entity1 -A mediated @entity706 and that the mechanisms of @entity1 -A action warrant further investigation.

title: The Natural Tumorcide @entity47491 Targets Protein Phosphatase 1a and Reduces Hydrogen Peroxide To Induce XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity29478 :: ('MESH:C059041', 'Chemical') :: ['calyculin-A']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity47491 :: ('MESH:C054474', 'Chemical') :: ['Manumycin-A']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['Okadaic acid']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Lymphoma Apoptosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effectiveness of low dose @entity7576 in the treatment of @entity697 . METHODS: A total of 108 @entity1 , between 16-56 years of age (mean 32.8), suffering from @entity697 took part in the trial. @entity1 received orally 2 x 375 mg @entity7576 , and compared with @entity1 receiving 3 x 500 mg @entity115 . The first control was made between the 5th and 7th days. A @entity1 was considered clinically cured when all pretreatment signs and symptoms of @entity281 were eliminated. Clinical improvement was defined as the partial disappearance of pretreatment signs and symptoms. In either result, study drugs were reconstituted for additional 5 days. Failure was defined as no change or worsening of signs and symptoms; and study drug was changed. The second control was made between 10-12th days, and the third was four weeks later. RESULTS: The clinical success (improvement + cure) rate was (17+11)/42 (66.6%) and (28+21)/66 (74.2%) for @entity115 and @entity7576 respectively, at first control. All improved @entity1 were cured at the second control. No significant side-effects were noted in either @entity115 or @entity7576 treated @entity1 . All side effects were gastrointestinal, 11.9% and 3.0% in the same order. CONCLUSIONS: Low dose @entity7576 was comparable to @entity115 ; @entity7576 has fewer side effects than @entity115 (p>0.05).

title: Low dose @entity7576 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7576 :: ('MESH:C035444', 'Chemical') :: ['sultamicillin']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute sinusitis']


abstract: The diagnosis of uterine smooth @entity11090 including @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ), smooth @entity11090 of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), bizarre (atypical) @entity2909 (BLM), mitotically active @entity2909 (MAL) and @entity2909 ( @entity2909 ) depends on a combination of microscopic features, such as mitoses, cytologic atypia, and @entity5 cell @entity39 . However, a small number of these @entity5 still pose difficult diagnostic challenges. The assessment of accurate @entity6578 ( @entity6578 ) is one of the major parameters in the proper classification of uterine smooth @entity11090 . This assessment can be hampered by the presence of increased number of apoptotic bodies or pyknotic nuclei, which frequently mimic mitoses. Phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) is a recently described immunomarker specific for cells undergoing mitoses. In our study, we collected 132 cases of uterine smooth @entity11090 , including 26 LMSs, 16 STUMPs, 30 BLMs, 30 MALs and 30 LMs. We used mitosis specific marker PHH3 to count @entity6578 ( @entity6578 ) of uterine smooth @entity11090 and compared with the @entity6578 of @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E). There is a positive correlation with the number of @entity6578 in H_E-stained sections and PHH3-stained sections (r=0.944, P<0.05). The ratio of PHH3- @entity6578 to H_E- @entity6578 has no statistically significant difference in each group except for LMs (P>0.05). The counting value of PHH3 in LMSs have significantly higher than STUMPs, BLMs, MALs and LMs (P<0.001) and the counting value of PHH3 is 1.5  0.5 times of the number of @entity6578 in H_E. To conclude, our results show that counting PHH3 is a useful index in the diagnosis of uterine smooth @entity11090 and it can provide a more accurate index instead of the time-honored mitotic figure counts at a certain ratio.

title: Value of counting positive PHH3 cells in the diagnosis of uterine smooth XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['coagulative tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic indexes', 'MI', 'MF', 'mitotic figures']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas', 'LMS']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumors']

answer: @entity11090 :: (MESH:D019042,Disease) :: ['muscle tumors']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the contraction pattern of masticatory muscles during sustained clenching tasks with or without experimental @entity158 induced by @entity2227 injection into the masseter muscle. It was hypothesized that acute @entity925 could induce compensatory changes in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masticatory muscles. METHODS: Fifteen volunteers (seven males, mean age    SD = 29.7    1.1 years; eight females, mean age    SD = 23.5    1.2 years) were recruited in a crossover experimental study. All subjects participated in two randomized 20-minute experimental sessions. Each subject was asked to clench at 25% of the maximum @entity2472 (MVC). After 10 minutes, isotonic saline or @entity2227 was injected in random order into the right masseter. EMG activity (root mean square [RMS] and mean power frequency [MPF]) was assessed in the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles on both sides. @entity158 and @entity1295 were assessed by 0-10 numeric rating scales (NRS) every minute. Differences between conditions (isotonic saline vs @entity2227 ) for all the outcome parameters were analyzed by using a mixed effect model. RESULTS: The EMG activity of the masticatory muscles and @entity158 were not dependent on isotonic saline/ @entity2227 injection (all P > .05). The RMS in the temporalis and masseter muscles increased with time (right masseter P = 0.001, left masseter P = .004, right temporalis P = .22, left temporalis P = .006), whereas the MPF decreased (right masseter P = .0001, left masseter P < .0001, right temporalis P = .51, left temporalis P = .0005). Scores for @entity1295 and @entity158 increased during the experimental sessions (all P < .05). CONCLUSION: Intramuscular injection of @entity2227 caused more @entity158 than isotonic saline but did not affect the contraction pattern of the masticatory muscles during a sustained clenching task. This finding strongly suggests the adaptive capacity of the stomatognathic system in the presence of acute nociceptive inputs.

title: Effects of XXXX induced by @entity2227 injections during sustained clenching on the contraction pattern of masticatory muscles.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain and fatigue scores', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['muscle pain']


abstract: The diminishing risk of @entity810 ( @entity8 ) after infancy is unexplained, but might reflect kidney maturation. The mechanisms of @entity8 @entity2318 are best explained by a piglet model in which vesicoureteric reflux allows infected urine to enter those segments of renal parenchyme that are drained by compound papillae. We carried out a similar study in adult @entity1707 to determine whether protective maturation occurs. Adult @entity1707 were exposed to urine infection after surgery to produce unilateral vesicoureteric reflux. The intravesical portion of one ureter was deroofed in six female adult Gottingen mini- @entity1707 and the bladder and the ureteric mucosae stitched around the perimeter of the new orifice. One week later @entity526 was injected into the urinary bladder to produce @entity2335 . Three weeks later the animals were killed humanely and the urinary tracts were examined. The animals sustained persistent urine @entity281 ; the untreated ureters and kidneys remained normal. However, on the operated side, the ureters were thickened and dilated, vesicoureteric reflux was shown in four cases, and the kidneys had one or more flattened area overlying a renal segment, which showed severe inflammatory changes and early scar formation. The risk of @entity8 @entity2318 is not eliminated by maturation of the kidney in @entity1707 . It is unlikely that the much-reduced risk of initiating @entity2318 that is seen in older @entity1 with urine @entity281 is due to a protective maturation of the @entity1 kidney. A possible explanation is that most @entity1 born with risk factors for developing @entity2318 will have already sustained scars when very young.

title: XXXX caused by vesicoureteric reflux and urinary infection: a study in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['reflux nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal scarring with urine infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal scarring']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Head and neck is one of the most prevalent site for @entity5 along with lungs, cervix, breast and stomach. Hospital based @entity5 registries required for effective evaluation of diagnosis and management of @entity5 is inadequate in Nepal. Cancer registry system established by WHO is acquired by seven major hospitals in our country. However, data from tertiary health care centres like ours remain undocumented. Objective The objective of this study is to perform retrospective analysis of clinicohistopathological types of @entity135 which were eventually diagnosed as @entity5 in Dhulikel Hospital, a tertiary health care centre of Central East Nepal. Method Data regarding @entity135 diagnosed as @entity5 (January 2001- December 2014) were extracted from the archives of Department of General Pathology. These cases were categorised according to demographic profile, site of @entity5 and histological diagnosis. Result A total of 240 cases matched the inclusion criteria and were selected for this study. Male: Female ratio of 1.3:1 with a mean age of 52 years (52.82  1.8) was found. Two hundred and two (84.16%) @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity189 , 31 (15%) with @entity706 , 3 (1.25%) with @entity320 , 2(0.83%) with small round cell @entity5 and 2 (0.83%) with @entity242 . The most common histological types of @entity189 seen were @entity957 (138 cases; 57.5%) followed by @entity1377 (26 cases; 10.8%). Among the @entity706 (21 cases; 8.75%) was the most predominant type. The most common site of presentation was oral cavity (60 cases; 25%) followed by skin (36 cases; 15%), thyroid (32 cases; 13.33%) and oesophagus (27 cases; 11.25%). @entity3 to cervical lymph node was found in 39 cases (16.25%). Conclusion Based on these finding, it was observed that @entity957 was the most common type followed by different epithelial and @entity361 in head and neck region. The results revealed by this study will provide useful information for planning the health care policies about @entity5 in Nepal and will be more effective and helpful to the @entity1 of remote areas.

title: Clinico-histopathological Survey of XXXX at Tertiary Health Care Centre -Dhulikhel Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck lesions']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', "lymphomas Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']


abstract: Determination of @entity4664 pools is still a step impossible to circumvent in studies aimed at determining the pathophysiological role of natural @entity4663 . In addition, @entity4664 measurement in biological fluids and tissues may have clinical relevance, especially in @entity5 @entity1 . Among the wide panel of analytical methods developed for the quantification of @entity4663 , high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of @entity4663 after derivatization with @entity42817 remains the most commonly used method. In this work, we show that atmospheric pressure chemical @entity66 ( @entity66 ) can be used to detect and quantify biologically relevant @entity4663 after dansylation, without chromatographic separation. Positive-ion mass spectra for each dansylated @entity4664 were generated after optimization by flow injection analysis (FIA). FIA coupled with @entity66 detection by selected ion monitoring greatly increased the sensitivity of the @entity4664 detection. The method is linear over a wide range of @entity4664 concentrations and allows detection of quantities as low as 5 fmol. The FIA/ @entity66 method is about 50-fold more sensitive than the conventional HPLC/fluorimetry procedure. A good correlation (r>0.98) between these two methods was observed. The FIA/ @entity66 method notably reduces the time of analysis per sample to 1.5 min and turns out to be rapid, efficient, cost saving, reproducible, and sufficiently simple to allow its routine application.

title: Atmospheric pressure chemical XXXX method to improve the determination of dansylated @entity4663 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ionization-mass spectrometry', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity42817 :: ('MESH:C029038', 'Chemical') :: ['dansyl chloride']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['ionization-mass spectrometry']


abstract: Pathogen-mediated selection is thought to maintain the extreme diversity in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, operating through the heterozygote advantage, rare-allele advantage and fluctuating selection mechanisms. Heterozygote advantage (i.e. recognizing and binding a wider range of antigens than homozygotes) is expected to be more detectable when multiple pathogens are considered simultaneously. Here, we test whether MHC diversity in a wild population of European badgers ( @entity11562 ) is driven by pathogen-mediated selection. We examined individual prevalence (infected or not), @entity281 intensity and @entity325 of 13 pathogens from a range of taxa and examined their relationships with MHC class I and class II variability. This population has a variable, but relatively low, number of MHC alleles and is infected by a variety of naturally occurring pathogens, making it very suitable for the investigation of MHC-pathogen relationships. We found associations between pathogen infections and specific MHC haplotypes and alleles. @entity325 status was not correlated with MHC heterozygosity, but there was evidence of heterozygote advantage against individual pathogen infections. This suggests that rare-allele advantages and/or fluctuating selection, and heterozygote advantage are probably the selective forces shaping MHC diversity in this species. We show stronger evidence for MHC associations with @entity281 intensity than for prevalence and conclude that examining both pathogen prevalence and @entity281 intensity is important. Moreover, examination of a large number and diversity of pathogens, and both MHC class I and II genes (which have different functions), provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms driving MHC diversity.

title: Pathogen burden, @entity325 and major histocompatibility complex variability in the European badger ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Co-infection', 'co-infection']

answer: @entity11562 :: (9662,Species) :: ['Meles meles']


abstract: The study objectives were to ascertain historical and clinical criteria differentiating @entity1504 ( @entity1504 ) in elderly @entity1 with @entity542 ( @entity542 ), and determine applicability of current head computed tomography (CT) scan indications in this population. A 12-month retrospective chart review was performed at a community teaching hospital with 34,000 annual Emergency Department (ED) visits. Included were @entity1 > or = 65 years old sustaining @entity542 with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score of 13-15 who had a CT scan performed during their hospital stay. Data included: injury mechanism, symptoms, signs, GCS, anticoagulation use or studies, presence of @entity167 or drug, CT scan result, diagnosis, and outcome and intervention(s). There were 133 @entity1 , with 19 (14.3%) suffering @entity1504 . Four @entity1504 @entity1 required neurosurgical intervention. The mean age was 80.4 years and 66% were female. Four of 19 @entity1504 @entity1 (21%) had a GCS of 15, no neurologic symptoms, @entity167 use or anticoagulation. Only 1 of 13 signs and symptoms correlated with @entity1504 . In this study, no useful clinical predictors of @entity1504 in elderly @entity1 with @entity542 were found. Current protocols based on clinical findings may miss 30% of elderly @entity1504 @entity1 . Head CT scan is recommended on all elderly @entity1 with @entity542 .

title: The use of head computed tomography in elderly @entity1 sustaining XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['MHT', 'minor head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['ICI', 'intracranial injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['minor head trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity75 has been described as a syndrome of @entity75 and high serum antithyroid antibody concentrations that is responsive to glucocorticoid therapy, but these could be chance associations. OBJECTIVE: To study a @entity1 with @entity75 and to review the literature to determine whether @entity75 is an identifiable syndrome. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION: We searched the MEDLINE database to June 2002 for " @entity2621 " or " @entity1669 " and " @entity75 " and examined all identified articles and articles referenced therein, including all languages. We included all @entity1 with noninfectious @entity75 (clouding of @entity1662 and @entity73 ) and high serum antithyroid antibody concentrations. We excluded @entity1 if they did not meet these inclusion criteria or if their symptoms could be explained by another @entity16 . We recorded clinical features and the results of imaging, electroencephalographic, thyroid function, and cerebrospinal fluid studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: We identified 85 @entity1 (69 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ; mean age, 44 years) with @entity75 and high serum antithyroid antibody concentrations. Among these @entity1 , 23 (27%) had strokelike signs, 56 (66%) had @entity410 , 32 (38%) had @entity716 , 66 (78%) had a high cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, and 80 (98%) of 82 had abnormal electroencephalographic findings. Thyroid function varied from @entity1375 to overt @entity1378 ; the most common abnormality was @entity1375 (30 @entity1 [35%]). Among @entity1 treated with glucocorticoids, 66 (96%) improved. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity75 , high serum antithyroid antibody concentrations, and responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy seems unlikely to be due to chance. However, there is no evidence of a pathogenic role for the antibodies, which are probably markers of some other @entity792 affecting the brain.

title: XXXX : syndrome or myth?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'overt hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto encephalopathy', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto encephalopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 54 Background: With improvements in @entity5 treatment, the number of @entity5 survivors is growing rapidly. Survivorship care plans (SCPs) can provide survivors with necessary information and resources to engage in risk-based follow-up care. Online @entity1 motivated SCPs are promising for adult survivors of @entity5 with multiple care transitions and the need for self-management outside clinical encounters. METHODS: An existing online @entity17938 generator (OncoLife) was adapted to create Smart Adult Living After Childhood Cancer plans for survivors of pediatric @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and @entity978 ( @entity978 ) by incorporating @entity1 's Oncology Group Long Term Follow-Up Guidelines into existing information technology logic. RESULTS: Adult survivors (n = 20) of @entity981 or @entity978 , registered to be seen in radiation oncology or survivorship clinic at the University of Pennsylvania, created an online @entity17938 and completed an online survey. Approximately 80% of @entity1 contacted consented and completed @entity17938 indicating high acceptability; two-thirds (66%) completed the survey. @entity1 were a median of 35.5 years of age and of 26.5 years since diagnosis. They were 50% female, majority Caucasian (90%), 70% @entity981 and 30% @entity978 survivors. SCPs took an average of 9 minutes 46 seconds to complete. The majority (95%) of respondents found the @entity17938 generator easy to use, would recommend it to others (85%), and were satisfied with the amount of information received (80%). Ninety percent stated they intended to discuss their @entity17938 with a healthcare provider. Only a third (35%) of survivors stated they had previously received a formal @entity17938 . Seventy percent (70%) stated a written or online plan was the best way to convey health information between visits. Preferences for use of online @entity17938 included: 70% wanting a treatment summary to complete their @entity17938 and 50% wanting personal information to be saved for later use. CONCLUSIONS: Online @entity1 -motivated SCPs are a feasible and acceptable way to deliver information to adult survivors of @entity5 about long term health risks. Further research into optimal methods for creation, use and health benefits of SCPs is warranted.

title: @entity1 -generated online survivorship care plans for adult survivors of @entity5 : Feasibility and XXXX preferences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma', 'pediatric ALL', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's Lymphoma", 'HL']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The association between macrolide resistance mechanisms and clinical outcomes remains understudied. The present study, using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model, assessed @entity4581 (CLR) activity against mef(A)-positive and erm(B)-negative @entity328 isolates by simulating free-drug concentrations in serum and both total (protein-bound and free) and free drug in epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Five mef(A)-positive and erm(B)-negative strains, one mef(A)-negative and erm(B)-positive strain, and a control [mef(A)-negative and erm(B)-negative] strain of @entity2260 were tested. CLR was modeled using a one-compartment model, simulating a dosage of 500 mg, per os, twice a day (in serum, free-drug C(p) maximum of 2 micro g/ml, t(1/2) of 6 h; in ELF, C(ELF(total)) maximum of 35 micro g/ml, t(1/2) of 6 h; C(ELF(free)) maximum of 14 micro g/ml, t(1/2) of 6 h). Starting inocula were 10(6) CFU/ml in Mueller-Hinton broth with 2% lysed @entity1641 blood. With sampling at 0, 4, 8, 12, 20, and 24 h, the extent of bacterial killing was assessed. Achieving @entity1619 /MIC values of > or =90% (AUC(0-24)/MIC ratio, > or =61) resulted in bacterial eradication, while T>MIC values of 40 to 56% (AUC(0-24)/MIC ratios of > or =30.5 to 38) resulted in a 1.2 to 2.0 log(10) CFU/ml decrease at 24 h compared to that for the initial inoculum. @entity1619 /MIC values of < or =8% (AUC(0-24)/MIC ratio, < or =17.3) resulted in a static effect or bacterial regrowth. The high drug concentrations in ELF that were obtained clinically with CLR may explain the lack of clinical failures with mef(A)-producing @entity2260 strains, with MICs up to 8 micro g/ml. However, mef(A) isolates for which MICs are > or =16 micro g/ml along with erm(B) may result in bacteriological failures.

title: Pharmacodynamic modeling of XXXX against macrolide-resistant [PCR-positive mef(A) or erm(B)] @entity328 simulating clinically achievable serum and epithelial lining fluid free-drug concentrations.

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity4581 :: (MESH:D017291,Chemical) :: ['clarithromycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe and document the clinical features, mode of presentation, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of @entity19865 . DESIGN: An observational and descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Histopathology department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi from January, 1997 to December, 2001. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-one cases of @entity19865 were diagnosed during the study period. @entity1710 and @entity1711 stained slides were examined and histological features including extent of architectural effacement, zonation, extent of @entity39 , and cellular composition were recorded. Special stains and immunohistochemistry was done. RESULTS: @entity19865 was diagnosed in 31 cases (1.9%) out of 5762 lymph node biopsies received. There were 10 male and 21 female @entity1 . Ten @entity1 were aged between 21 and 25 years (33%). Eight (25.8%) @entity1 were from pediatric age group. Thirty @entity1 (96.4%) presented with cervical @entity3329 . Thirteen (41.9%) lymph nodes showed fragmentation, while 8 (25.8%) revealed perinodal spill. Seventeen cases (54.7%) showed more than 50% @entity39 . Zonation was seen in 13 (41.9%) cases. Immunohistochemistry showed majority of cells to be histiocytes and T-lymphocytes. Eight cases were followed-up, all of which showed regression of symptoms over 4-8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity19865 is an uncommon cause of cervical @entity3329 in young females. @entity39 , karyorrhexis, zonation, absence of neutrophils and predominance of histiocytes with many plasmacytoid monocytes are features that aid in diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry can be used to differentiate it from @entity706 . It is important for clinicians and pathologists to be aware of this entity as it is a benign disorder with a self-limiting course.

title: XXXX of lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'Necrotic areas']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity19865 :: ('MESH:D020042', 'Disease') :: ["Kikuchi's disease", "Kikuchi's disease of lymph node"]

answer: @entity19865 :: (MESH:D020042,Disease) :: ['Kikuchi's disease']


abstract: @entity1 @entity1582 cells are heterogenous morphologically and phenotypically. @entity1582 cells can be classified into at least 5 subpopulations; @entity66958 + @entity16445 -, @entity5903 - @entity1195 - @entity16445 - immature @entity1582 cells, @entity5903 + @entity1195 - @entity16445 -, @entity5903 + @entity1195 + @entity16445 - intermediate @entity1582 cells and @entity5903 + @entity1195 + @entity16445 + mature @entity1582 cells. @entity650 ( @entity650 ) is a major growth factor for @entity1 @entity1582 cells, but only @entity66958 + @entity16445 - immature @entity1582 cells can response directly to @entity650 to proliferate. In the @entity1 cell lines, @entity650 can lead to the induction of @entity1195 expression and @entity1195 + @entity1 cells can proliferate in response to @entity650 . In primary @entity1582 cells, @entity5903 - @entity1195 - @entity16445 - immature @entity1582 cells sorted from bone marrow samples can be changed to @entity1195 + cells by addition of @entity650 in vitro. In both @entity1195 - and @entity1195 + @entity1 cells, @entity4104 and MAPK( @entity1366 ) can be activated in response to @entity650 equally between them, but src family kinases such as @entity18226 , @entity7984 can be activated only in @entity1195 + @entity1 cells. Thus, the activation of the src family kinases associated with @entity1195 expression is a prerequisite for the proliferation of @entity1582 cells. In the bone marrow of @entity1582 @entity1 , most @entity1582 cells do not express @entity1195 , and @entity1195 + immature @entity1582 cells are only 1 approximately 2%. In order to clarify the difference of cellular context between @entity1195 - and @entity1195 + @entity1582 cells, PCR-based cDNA subtraction was performed from @entity1195 + @entity1 cells to @entity1195 - @entity1 cells. The series of this subtraction selected several genes. Furthermore, sensitivity to stress stimuli between @entity1195 + and @entity1195 - @entity1 cells was also compared. @entity1195 - @entity1 cells were markedly more resistant to stress conditions such as serum-free condition. Therefore, we can speculate that in the bone marrow of @entity1 @entity1582 @entity650 can induce proliferation of @entity1195 + immature cells, but the amount of @entity650 is too low to support @entity1195 + @entity1582 cells and loss of @entity1195 results in no direct response to @entity650 to proliferate but confers resistance to stress condition leading to the longer survival at the limited amount of @entity650 .

title: Growth mechanism of XXXX @entity1582 cells by @entity650 .

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'myelomas', 'Myeloma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Nearly half of prescription medicines are metabolized by @entity1 cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A. @entity5322 and 3A5 are two major isoforms of @entity1 @entity5322 and share most of the substrate spectrum. A very limited previous study distinguished the activity of @entity5322 and @entity5396 , identifying the challenge in predicting @entity5322 -mediated drug clearance and drug-drug interaction. In the present study, we introduced @entity55091 (GA) with a @entity55092 skeleton as a novel selective probe of @entity5322 . The major metabolite of GA was fully characterized as 8-hydroxylated GA by LC-MS and NMR. @entity5322 was assigned as the predominant isozyme involved in GA 8-hydroxylation by reaction phenotyping assays, chemical inhibition assays, and correlation studies. GA 8-hydroxylation in both recombinant @entity1 @entity5322 and @entity1 liver microsomes followed classic Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The intrinsic clearance values indicated that @entity5322 contributed 12.8-fold more than @entity5396 to GA 8-hydroxylation. Molecular docking studies indicated different @entity3884 bonds and   -   interactions between @entity5322 and @entity5396 , which might result in the different catalytic activity for GA 8-hydroxylation. Furthermore, GA exhibited a stronger inhibitory activity towards @entity5322 than @entity5396 , which further suggested a preferred selectivity of @entity5322 for the transformation of GA. More importantly, GA has been successfully applied to selectively monitor the modulation of @entity5322 activities by the inducer rifampin in hepG2 cells, which is consistent with the level change of @entity5322 mRNA expression. In summary, our results suggested that GA could be used as a novel probe for the selective sensing of @entity5322 in tissue and cell preparations.

title: @entity55091 is a Novel Isoform-Specific Probe for the Selective Sensing of XXXX Cytochrome P450 3A4 in Liver Microsomes and Living Cells.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity55092 :: ('MESH:C511097', 'Chemical') :: ['dibenzocyclooctadiene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is momentum internationally to improve coordination of complex care pathways. Robust evaluations of such interventions are scarce. This paper evaluates the @entity5 care @entity5 @entity1 , who generally require surgery followed by chemotherapy. METHODS: We compared a hospital-based nurse @entity5 care coordinator (CCC) with 'business-as-usual' (no dedicated coordination service) in @entity5 @entity1 in New Zealand. A discrete event microsimulation model was constructed to estimate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs from a health system perspective. We used New Zealand data on @entity694 incidence, survival, and mortality as baseline input parameters for the model. We specified intervention input parameters using available literature and expert estimates. For example, that a CCC would improve the coverage of chemotherapy by 33  % (ranging from 9 to 65  %), reduce the time to surgery by 20  % (3 to 48  %), reduce the time to chemotherapy by 20  % (3 to 48  %), and reduce @entity1 @entity148 ( @entity717 weight of 33  %, ranging from 0 to 55  %). RESULTS: Much of the direct cost of a nurse CCC was balanced by savings in business-as-usual care coordination. Much of the health gain was through increased coverage of chemotherapy with a CCC (especially older @entity1 ), and reduced time to chemotherapy. Compared to 'business-as-usual', the cost per QALY of the CCC programme was  NZ 18,900 (     US 15,600; 95  % UI:  NZ 13,400 to 24,600). By age, the CCC intervention was more cost-effective for @entity694 @entity1   <   65  years ( NZ 9,400 per QALY). By ethnicity, the health gains were larger for M  ori, but so too were the costs, meaning the cost-effectiveness was roughly comparable between ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Such a nurse-led CCC intervention in New Zealand has acceptable cost-effectiveness for @entity5 , meaning it probably merits funding. Each CCC programme will differ in its likely health gains and costs, making generalisation from this evaluation to other CCC interventions difficult. However, this evaluation suggests that CCC interventions that increase coverage of, and reduce time to, effective treatments may be cost-effective.

title: XXXX care @entity5 : a cost-utility analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer', 'cost-utility of cancer', 'cancer', 'coordinators for stage III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in disability']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) experience excess @entity65 ( @entity65 ). We investigated the effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and dietary intervention on @entity65 risk in @entity625 . Twenty-two @entity1 (17 @entity1 ; 15 with @entity309 and seven with @entity5145 ) who were @entity2690 resistant (n = 20), as determined by the Homeostasis Model Assessment, and/or were dyslipidemic (n = 11) were identified. During the third month after initiation of DMARD therapy, body weight, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity2690 resistance, and lipids were re-evaluated. Results are expressed as median (interquartile range). DMARD therapy together with dietary intervention was associated with weight loss of 4 kg (0-6.5 kg), a decrease in @entity1851 of 14% (6-36%; P < 0.006), and a reduction in @entity2690 resistance of 36% (26-61%; P < 0.006). Diet compliers (n = 15) experienced decreases of 10% (0-20%) and 3% (0-9%) in total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , respectively, as compared with increases of 9% (6-20%; P < 0.05) and 3% (0-9%; P < 0.05) in diet noncompliers. @entity1 on @entity1499 (n = 14) experienced a reduction in @entity1851 of 27 mg/l (6-83 mg/l), as compared with a decrease of 10 mg/l (3.4-13 mg/l; P = 0.04) in @entity1 not on @entity1499 . Improved cardiovascular risk with DMARD therapy includes a reduction in @entity2690 resistance. @entity1499 use in @entity309 may improve @entity65 risk through a marked suppression of the acute phase response. Dietary intervention prevented the increase in total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 upon acute phase response suppression.

title: Effects of disease modifying agents and dietary intervention on XXXX resistance and dyslipidemia in @entity625 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding mechanisms regulating @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) self-administration during adolescence or if the mechanisms differ from adults. One of the best models of abuse liability is operant self-administration. Therefore, we characterized operant sweetened @entity167 self-administration behavior in adolescent and adult @entity35 . METHODS: Adolescent (36  days old at first @entity167 exposure) and adult male Long-Evans @entity35 were first trained to self-administer 10% @entity969 (10S) in an appetitive/consummatory operant model for 1  week, and then the drinking solution was switched to 10% @entity969 plus 10% @entity167 (10S10E) for 2  weeks. Next, @entity35 were switched to a fixed ratio 2 schedule, and this was followed by 1 session using a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Last, @entity35 were tested for cue-induced reinstatement of lever-pressing behavior under extinction conditions after 13  days of abstinence. Blood @entity167 concentration (BEC) of sweetened @entity167 (self-administered or intragastric [IG] administration of 1  g/kg) was determined via gas chromatography. Control @entity35 drank only 10S. RESULTS: Consumption of sweetened @entity167 was not different between adolescents and adults under any schedule tested, reaching 1  g/kg in 20  minutes in the appetitive/consummatory model. Appetitive behavior directed at sweetened @entity167 was less focused in adolescents versus adults. No age differences were found in motivation for sweetened @entity167 . Cue-induced reinstatement of @entity167 -seeking behavior after abstinence also did not differ by age. In control groups, no age difference was found in appetitive behavior or the amount of @entity969 consumed, although adults exhibited greater cue-induced reinstatement. BEC after self-administration or IG administration of sweetened @entity167 was higher in adults than adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption and motivation for sweetened @entity167 are similar in adolescents and adults, although adolescents are more vulnerable to the effects of @entity167 consumption on appetitive behavior. The IG results suggest larger volume of distribution and higher first-pass metabolism of sweetened @entity167 in adolescents versus adults, which may limit the reinforcing effects of @entity167 in some adolescents. Overall, we have begun to establish an operant sweetened @entity167 self-administration model in adolescent @entity35 .

title: Operant self-administration of sweetened @entity1068 and time course of blood @entity1068 levels in adolescent and adult male long-evans XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the differential effect of joint ultrasound on the syndrome differentiation of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) by observing the high frequency ultrasound performances among inactive stage and different syndromes in active stage. METHODS: Totally 83 @entity309 @entity1 in the active stage were assigned to the @entity8291 ( @entity8291 , 59 cases)and the @entity5032 ( @entity5032 , 24 cases) according to Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome typing. Besides, 20 @entity309 @entity1 in the remission stage were recruited as the control group (abbreviated as the remission group). By using high frequency ultrasound and power Doppler ultrasound technology, a comparative observation of @entity603 , @entity2762 , synovial blood flow, and @entity79 in the 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, wrist joints, knee joints, the second and the fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints (a total of 24 joints) was performed in all @entity1 . Correlation analyses were performed between the ultrasound performance, laboratory indices, and the disease activity. Ultrasound data of each @entity309 @entity1 were analyzed by their total scores.   2 test was used for enumeration data. The measurement data was expressed as x    s. One-way ANOVA was used for data of normal distribution, while non- parametric test was used for data of non-normal distribution. Correlation analysis of two variables was performed for clinical indicators and ultrasound indicators. Its significance was detected using Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Compared with the remission group, the severity degree of @entity603 , @entity2762 , synovial blood flow, and @entity79 significantly increased in the @entity8291 group (P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in ESR, CRP, anti-CCP, DAS28 score, and the positive rate of RF (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in the severity degree of @entity603 and synovial blood flow, and DAS28 score in the @entity5032 group (P < 0.05). Compared with the @entity5032 group, there was statistical difference in the four ultrasound indices (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), ESR, CRP, anti-CCP, DAS28 score, and the positive rate of RF in the @entity8291 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in G, IgG, IgA, or IgM among the three groups (P > 0.05). There existed positive correlation between ESR and the @entity603 degree, synovial blood flow, and @entity79 in the @entity8291 group (r = 0.444, 0.397, 0.486, P < 0.05).There existed positive correlation between ESR and the @entity603 degree, @entity79 , and synovial blood flow in the @entity8291 group (r = 0.378, 0.270, P < 0.05). There existed positive correlation between the DAS28 score and the @entity603 degree and synovial blood flow in the @entity8291 group (r = 0.304, 0.351, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity32 degree was the most severe in @entity309 @entity1 of @entity8291 . High frequency ultrasound could provide better evidence for Chinese medical syndrome differentiation of @entity309 @entity1 .

title: [The correlation study on syndrome differentiation of XXXX and joint high fre- quency ultrasound performance].

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['cold dampness syndrome group', 'CDS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity8291 :: ('MESH:D018882', 'Disease') :: ['dampness heat syndrome group', 'DHS']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the initial treatment for majority of newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in chronic phase (CP) and are associated with marked improvement in hematological, cytogenetic, molecular response and survival rates compared with other therapies. In this review, we summarize the evidence of TKI efficacy for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity2212 . Six trials at low risk of bias evaluating TKIs as an initial treatment in adults with newly diagnosed @entity2212 and enrolling 2,456 @entity1 were included. Follow-up times ranged from a median of 3 months to 5 years. Direct comparison showed statistically higher rates of major molecular response (MMR    <=   0.1%(IS) ) achievement with second-generation TKIs at 12 months which was sustained throughout treatment period. Bayesian mixed-treatment comparison (MTC) analysis demonstrated superiority of both @entity10542 and @entity8947 over @entity2213 in terms of efficacy. @entity10542 was associated with higher deeper molecular responses (MR(4.5)     <=   0.0032%(IS) ) at 60 months than @entity8947 but no difference in MMR. The differences between @entity10542 and @entity8947 are likely clinically trivial. Among TKIs, @entity10542 was found to have the best survival profile. Both @entity10542 and @entity8947 are associated with significantly better MMR compared to @entity2213 that is sustained over 60 months. This analysis shows that new-generation TKIs are not only showing faster response but also maintaining a more potent one through longer follow-up period. It is important to note out that MTC is not a substitute for well-conducted RCTs investigating direct comparisons.

title: @entity4149 kinase inhibitors as a first-line treatment in XXXX with newly diagnosed @entity1860 in chronic phase: A mixed-treatment comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['Nilotinib', 'nilotinib']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in the treatment of @entity979 ( @entity979 ). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 147 cases of @entity979 primarily treated with GKRS at our hospital between 1999 and 2009. Mean follow-up time was 67  months (range 60.5-100.1). The @entity5 control rates (LTCRs) and overall survival rates were calculated to evaluate the results of the GKRS treatment. RESULTS: At 2  months after GKRS, @entity5 volume was significantly reduced in 91 cases (61.9  %). At 6  months, average @entity5 volume was 4.2  cm(3) as compared to 8.47  cm(3) before GKRS. By 1  year after GKRS, the @entity5 completely disappeared in 57 @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 underwent second treatment, and one @entity1 had third treatment. The overall survival rates were 72.1  % at 3  years and 66.7  % at 5  years for all @entity1 and 62.4  % at 3  years and 54.5  % at 5  years for @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ). The LTCRs were 94.30  % at 3  years and 90.80  % at 5  years for all @entity1 and 88.00  % at 3  years and 77.27  % at 5  years for @entity2971 . CONCLUSIONS: GKRS is an effective and safe modality that can be widely used to @entity979 as the primary therapy.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for XXXX : a study of 147 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['GCTs', 'germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal region tumors', 'PRTs']

answer: @entity979 :: (MESH:D010871,Disease) :: ['pineal region tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oncocytic @entity14890 transporter (LAT) 1 could be a target of new molecular therapy against @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between overexpression of @entity16063 and local progression (LP) in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 under expectant management (EM). METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 109 @entity1 with @entity263 who received EM from 1991 to 2006. The expression of @entity16063 , @entity16062 , and @entity16063 , as well as Ki-67 labeling indices (LI), was analyzed immunohistochemically in first biopsy or TUR samples diagnosed as @entity420 . RESULTS: Of the 109 @entity1 , 44 (40%) showed LP on clinical examinations, whereas 65 showed @entity66 ( @entity66 ). @entity16063 score and intensity were significantly higher in the LP than in the @entity66 group, as well as among Gleason score (GS)-low (GS < 7) @entity1 who were associated with low-risk. When the LP group was subdivided by D'Amico risk category (low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups), each showed higher @entity16063 expression than the @entity66 group. @entity16063 expression did not correlate with GS or Ki-67 LI. CONCLUSIONS: Independently of GS, aberrant overexpression of @entity16063 in @entity263 could predict LP under EM. Although prostate biopsy samples are small, @entity16063 may be a novel prognostic biomarker of LP.

title: XXXX transporter 1 may be a prognostic marker for local progression of @entity263 under expectant management.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity14890 :: ('CHEBI:15705', 'Chemical') :: ['L-amino acid']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14890 :: (CHEBI:15705,Chemical) :: ['L-amino acid']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Chemoradiation therapy has become increasingly popular in the treatment of advanced @entity5 as part of an organ preservation protocol. However, several studies have reported a decline in survival, possibly attributable to the increased use of radiation and chemoradiation therapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate survival outcomes of laryngeal conservation vs surgical therapy in the treatment of advanced @entity5 in the United States using a large population-based @entity5 database. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Population-based, nonconcurrent cohort study of 5394 @entity1 who received a diagnosis of stage III or IV @entity957 between 1992 and 2009. Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 Database. INTERVENTIONS: Surgical or nonsurgical therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ). RESULTS: @entity1 who received surgical therapy had better 2-year and 5-year @entity66 (70% vs 64% and 55% vs 51%, respectively; P < .001) and 2-year and 5-year @entity1349 (64% vs 57% and 44% vs 39%, respectively; P < .001) than @entity1 who received nonsurgical therapy. The difference in @entity66 and @entity1349 between treatment groups remained after stratification by year-of-diagnosis cohorts (P < .001). The survival gap consistently narrowed with subsequent year-of-diagnosis cohorts. On multivariable analysis, nonsurgical @entity1 had worse @entity66 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33 [95% CI, 1.21-1.45]) and @entity1349 (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.22-1.43]) after adjustment for year of diagnosis, American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage, age, sex, subsite, race, and marital status. @entity5 (HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.54-0.65]), glottic subsite (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.67-0.82]), 2004 to 2009 year-of-diagnosis cohort (HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.70-0.90]), female sex (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.72-0.89]), and married status (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.62-0.75]) positively affected @entity66 . Black race (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.05-1.30]) and increased age (HR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02-1.03] for each year) negatively affected @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Surgical therapy leads to better survival outcomes than nonsurgical therapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . @entity1 need to be made aware of the modest but significant survival disadvantage associated with nonsurgical therapy as part of the shared decision-making process during treatment selection.

title: Survival outcomes in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'Stage III disease', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: In a phase I study conducted by the EORTC Soft Tissue and @entity79 Group, 40 @entity1 with @entity242 , most of whom had @entity674 ( @entity674 ), received @entity2213 at doses of 400 mg q.d., 300 mg b.i.d., 400 mg b.i.d., or 500 mg b.i.d. Dose-limiting @entity137 , including severe @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity4 and @entity1910 , were seen at the highest dose level; the maximum tolerated dose was therefore 400 mg b.i.d. @entity2213 was active in the group of 35 @entity1 with @entity674 , producing partial responses in 19 (54%) @entity1 and stable disease in 13 @entity1 (37%). Responding @entity1 have now been followed for a minimum of 10 months. The most common side effects seen in @entity1 continuing on therapy have been periorbital @entity4 (40%), peripheral @entity4 (37.5%), @entity1295 (30%), @entity1910 (30%) and @entity390 / @entity391 (25%). Severe late myelosuppression has also been seen occasionally. Eighteen (51%) @entity677 @entity1 continue to have partial responses and 11 (31%) continue with stable disease. Thus, 82% of @entity1 with @entity674 are still obtaining clinically important benefits with continued @entity2213 therapy. Some @entity1 showed accelerated progressive disease shortly after starting @entity2213 . On the other hand, following drug withdrawal, 2 @entity1 had reductions in @entity5 burden and remain alive without drug therapy. In summary, @entity2213 is generally well tolerated and has significant activity during long-term treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity674 .

title: Update of phase I study of @entity2213 ( @entity2213 ) in @entity242 and XXXX : a report of the EORTC Soft Tissue and @entity79 Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['advanced soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['rash', 'skin rash']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Generalised Joint Hypermobility (GJH) is considered an intrinsic risk factor for @entity3331 . Knee neuromuscular control during landing may be altered in GJH due to reduced passive stability. The aim was to identify differences in knee neuromuscular control during landing of the Single-Leg-Hop-for-Distance test (SLHD) in 25 @entity1 with GJH compared to 29 @entity1 without GJH (controls), all 10-15years. Inclusion criteria for GJH: Beighton score   5/9 and minimum one hypermobile knee. EMG was recorded from the quadriceps, the hamstring and the @entity291 muscles, presented relative to @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ). There was no difference in jump length between groups. Before landing, GJH had 33% lower Semitendinosus, but 32% higher Gastrocnemius Medialis activity and 39% higher co contraction of the lateral knee muscles, than controls. After landing, GJH had 36% lower Semitendinosus activity than controls, all significant findings. Although the groups performed equally in SLHD, GJH had a Gastrocnemius Medialis dominated neuromuscular strategy before landing, plausibly caused by reduced Semitendinosus activity. Reduced Semitendinosus activity was seen in GJH after landing, but with no compensatory Gastrocnemius Medialis activity. Reduced pre and post-activation of the Semitendinosus may present a risk factor for traumatic @entity3331 as @entity397 in GJH with knee @entity8018 .

title: Altered knee joint neuromuscular control during landing from a jump in 10-15year old XXXX with Generalised Joint Hypermobility. A substudy of the CHAMPS-study Denmark.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ACL ruptures']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Maximum Voluntary Electrical activity', 'MVE']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Epidemiological studies have linked the @entity4185 matter (PM) to increased morbidity and mortality in @entity1 . However, the mechanisms of @entity137 of these particles remain unclear. Some hypotheses state that the @entity137 might stem from PM transition metal content, adhered organic compounds, the biological component, or ultrafine particle content. In order to analyze metal involvement in PM @entity137 , @entity1 airway epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) cultures were exposed for 24 h to an aqueous extract of PM collected in the Utah Valley. A portion of the extract was treated with Chelex, an agent that removes cations (including transition metals) from solution. Removal of the majority of the metal mass was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses. Cells that were incubated with the untreated extract (62-1000 microg dry extract equivalent) showed a significant concentration-dependent increase in the inflammatory mediator interleukin-8 (IL-8) when compared to the control cells. However, cells incubated with Chelex-treated extract produced no change (relative to control) in IL-8. We exposed @entity35 in vivo for 24 h to the same treatments as the cells and found significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein in the @entity35 exposed to the untreated extract and to the Chelex-treated extract with metals added back to achieve original concentrations. There was an attenuation of the observed LDH and total protein increases in the @entity35 instilled with the Chelex-treated extract. Taken together, our results suggest that removal of metal cations attenuates cellular responses to the aqueous extract and support a role for transition metal involvement in PM-associated increases in morbidity and mortality.

title: Effect of metal removal on the XXXX of airborne particulate matter from the Utah Valley.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['inhalation of airborne particulate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity230 , inhaled and systemic, are used to treat airway @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity565 ; however, @entity230 are recognized to cause a number of side effects, including @entity170 . We evaluated the prevalence of @entity2331 / @entity170 in @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity565 managed through the Edmonton Regional Severe Asthma Centre. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review and analyzed 57 charts on @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity565 followed through the specialty clinic, and recorded their @entity79 ( @entity79 ). @entity479 use was reviewed and the frequency of @entity2331 / @entity170 was compared in @entity1 requiring continuous systemic @entity230 (Group 1, n=15), intermittent systemic @entity230 (Group 2, n=15) or inhaled @entity230 only (Group 3, n=27). RESULTS: The mean age (mean  SD) was 50  14.8 years. Cumulative systemic @entity479 dose of @entity229 equivalent was higher in Group 1 (12.5 mg/day) than Group 2 (3.2 mg/day) (p=0.002). The frequency of @entity2331 / @entity170 was not significantly different between @entity1 in Group 1(67%) and Group 2 (53%, p=0.46) but was significantly greater in @entity1 from Group 1 in comparison with Group 3 (33%, p=0.038). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity565 have a high prevalence of reduced bone density. Many @entity1 treated with intermittent systemic @entity230 for exacerbations, or who were stable on inhaled @entity230 , had either @entity2331 or @entity170 before the age of 50. National and international @entity170 guidelines should emphasize earlier screening for @entity565 @entity1 ; and increase awareness of the detrimental effects of short-term systemic @entity230 and inhaled @entity230 on @entity79 , especially when started at an early age and in northern climates.

title: Prevalence of @entity2331 and @entity170 in @entity1 with moderate to severe XXXX in Western Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lumbosacral @entity24148 poses a unique problem because it can cause gross imbalance and progressive @entity85 . Previous studies have reported @entity10145 resection through a combined anterior and posterior approach, but there have been no reports on the results and complications of @entity24148 resection via a posterior-only procedure and short fusion with large series of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study of a prospective collected database comprises a consecutive series of 14 @entity1635 due to @entity10145 treated by 1-stage posterior @entity24148 resection with @entity1347 , with at least a 2-year follow-up period (24-144  months). Surgical reports and @entity1 charts were reviewed. Radiographic evaluation included measured changes in segmental @entity1635 and @entity1515 , @entity1635 , @entity1513 , @entity1515 , and trunk shift. Quality of life data from Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaires were also collected. RESULTS: Our results showed that the mean follow-up period was 38.4  months. The mean fusion level was 3.2 segments. Mean operation time was 207.8  min with the average @entity190 of 235.7  ml. The mean segmental @entity1635 was 30   preoperatively, 5   postoperatively (83  % correction rate), and 4   (87  %) at the latest follow-up. The compensatory coronal curve of 30   was spontaneously corrected to 13   at most recent follow-up. Trunk shift was significantly improved on both coronal (63  %) and sagittal plane (58  %) after the surgery, and kept stable during the follow-up. The total SRS-22 score, the self-image domain score and the satisfaction domain score demonstrated significant improvement compared with preoperative status. Only one intra-operative complication was observed, a pedicle @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our results showed that one-stage HV resection and short segment fusion by a posterior approach can offer excellent @entity1635 correction and trunk shift improvement without @entity16 , while saving motion segments as much as possible. This strategy is not only corrective of the deformity but also preventive of compensatory curve progression, thus avoiding long lumbar fusion.

title: One-stage posterior-only XXXX resection with @entity1347 : a more than 2-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['short segmental fusion']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'compensatory scoliosis', 'congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity24148 :: ('MESH:C535881', 'Disease') :: ['hemivertebra']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory thoracolumbar deformity']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral hemivertebra']

answer: @entity10145 :: (MESH:C537221,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral hemivertebra']