abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) is considered a risk factor for the development of @entity242 in @entity1 with @entity0 . However, there are few reports regarding post-irradiation @entity242 (PIS). CASE PRESENTATION: The @entity1 was a 59-year-old @entity1 who presented with a chief complaint of induration in the lower outer quadrant of the left breast. She underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for @entity0 located in the left upper inner region and received endocrine therapy following @entity1161 (50  Gy/25 fractions/5  weeks) for breast conservation 6  years previously. Core needle biopsy revealed @entity1822 . There was no distant @entity3 . Repeat BCS including part of the pectoralis major muscle was performed. Chest wall resection was not performed because of the lack of invasion. Based on the morphological and immunohistochemical features, a diagnosis of @entity1822 was made. All of the resection margins in the specimen were @entity5 -free. She has been disease-free for over 20  months. CONCLUSIONS: Post-irradiation @entity1822 is an extremely rare @entity5 with high malignant potential, and thus, multidisciplinary therapy and close follow-up are advised.

title: XXXX arising in irradiated region after breast-conserving surgery: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Radiation therapy']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Contrast angiography (CA) is the reference examination for the diagnosis of @entity7662 , but this procedure is invasive. In childhood, @entity385 are being increasingly investigated by means of MRI, including @entity90 ( @entity90 ). Very few data are available about the accuracy of @entity90 compared with CA in the specific context of acute pediatric @entity64 . We sought to compare the results of @entity90 with those of CA for the study of cerebral arteries in @entity1 with arterial @entity1188 in an arterial distribution. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 presenting with 26 @entity1188 were studied. All were examined with cerebral MRI and @entity90 and with CA. The interval between CA and @entity90 was <3 days for most of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Arterial lesions were detected in all but 2 @entity1 . They were located in the major cerebral arteries, predominantly in the anterior circulation (85% of cases). All lesions shown by CA were present on @entity90 (19 cases). @entity1 with no lesion on @entity90 had normal CA (2 cases). @entity455 and degree of @entity2791 were more accurately detected with CA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity90 is sensitive enough to provide an adequate initial evaluation of @entity7244 in childhood.

title: Magnetic resonance angiography in childhood arterial brain XXXX : a comparative study with contrast angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity90 :: ('MESH:C564570', 'Disease') :: ['MR angiography', 'MRA']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Associated distal vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['arterial brain disease']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7662 :: ('MESH:D002539', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arterial abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarcts']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity4580 and @entity3403 in the treatment of @entity7566 in adults. DESIGN: An open, randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Seventy-eight adult @entity1 with incluson @entity2024 were enrolled in this multicenter clinical study. @entity1 with @entity7566 as indicated by a positive direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test or cell culture were randomized to receive a single 1-g dose of @entity4580 or @entity3403 , 100 mg twice daily for 10 days. A conjuctival swab for cell culture was obtained from all @entity1 immediately before the treatment for subsequent confirmation of the presence of @entity281 in the central laboratory. Control examinations were performed 10 to 12 days and 4 to 6 weeks after the treatment initiation. Clinical and bacteriological responses to the treatment were evaluated at the last visit. The occurrence and frequency of adverse events were analyzed as well. RESULTS: Of 78 @entity1 enrolled, 51 completed the study and were evaluated for efficacy. The main reasons for withdrawal were lack of confirmation of the presence of @entity281 by the central laboratory and failure to attend the follow-up visit. Eradication of @entity11739 was achieved in 23 of 25 (92%) @entity1 treated with @entity4580 and in 25 of 26 (96%) @entity1 treated with @entity3403 . Clinical cure was observed in 15 (60%) and 18 (69%) @entity1 treated with @entity4580 and @entity3403 , respectively. Both drugs were equally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: A single 1-g @entity4580 therapy was as effective as standard 10-day treatment with @entity3403 (100 mg twice daily) in the treatment of adult inclusion @entity2024 .

title: @entity4580 vs @entity3403 in the treatment of inclusion XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7566 :: ('MESH:D061387', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infection']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['C. trachomatis']

answer: @entity2024 :: (MESH:D003231,Disease) :: ['conjunctivitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Breast milk is the best available food for optimum growth and development of @entity1 and the breastfeeding rate is increasing in Korea. The purpose of this study is to measure the concentrations of macronutrients and to evaluate their changes according to lactation period in breast milk from lactating Korean @entity1 . SUBJECTS/METHODS: Milk samples were obtained from 2,632 healthy lactating @entity1 (mean age; 32.0    3.3 years), where the lactating period was up to a period of 8 months, who also volunteered to participate in the @entity1 Milk Macronutrient Analysis Research. @entity1132 , protein, fat and water content in the breast milk samples were analyzed with infrared spectrometry using MilkoScan FT-2. RESULTS: The mean macronutrient composition per 100 mL of mature breast milk was 7.1 g for @entity1132 , 1.4 g for protein and 3.0 g for fat, and energy content was 61.1 kcal. The protein concentration was significantly lower in milk samples at 1-2 weeks (2.0 g/dL) to 2-3 months (1.4 g/dL) than those at 0-1 week (2.2 g/dL), but it was similar among samples from 3-4 months to 7-8 months (1.3 g/dL). Mean lipid levels varied among different lactational period groups (2.7-3.2 g/dL), but presented no significant difference. @entity1132 concentration in the milk samples did not differ with lactation period. Maternal body mass index was positively related to protein and lipid breast milk contents, but was negatively related to @entity1132 content. General linear models examining the associations between maternal variables and milk macronutrient content revealed that lactation period had a major impact on protein and lipid, but not on @entity1132 content in breast milk. CONCLUSIONS: These results warrant future studies to explore factors that may be associated with changes in macronutrient content in @entity1 milk.

title: Macronutrient composition of @entity1 milk from Korean mothers of full term XXXX born at 37-42 gestational weeks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'infants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1132 :: ('MESH:D007785', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactose', 'lactose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity13741 ( @entity5524 ) synthase is the key enzyme with highly conserved sequences, which is involved in fungal sphingolipid biosynthesis. The antibiotic aureobasidin A (AbA) induces the death of fungi through inhibiting @entity5524 synthase activity. The mutations of AUR1 gene coding @entity5524 synthase in fungi and protozoa causes a resistance to AbA. However, the mechanism of AbA resistance is still elusive. In this paper, we generated two mutants of @entity14261 with AbA-resistance, BcAUR1a and BcAUR1b, through UV irradiation. BcAUR1a lost an intron and BcAUR1b had three @entity3689 mutations ( @entity67044 , @entity67045 and @entity67046 ) in the AUR1 gene. AbA strongly inhibits the activity of @entity5524 synthase in wild-type @entity14261 , which leads to distinct changes in cell morphology, including the delay in conidial germination, excessive branching near the tip of the germ tube and mycelium, and the inhibition of the mycelium growth. Further, AbA prevents the @entity281 of wild-type @entity14261 in @entity523 fruits via reducing @entity11439 secretion and the activity of cellulase and pectinase. On the contrary, AbA has no effect on the growth and pathogenicity of the two mutants. Although both mutants show a similar AbA resistance, the molecular mechanisms might be different between the two mutants.

title: Characteristics of @entity13741 synthase and effects of aureobasidin A on growth and pathogenicity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14261 :: ('40559', 'Species') :: ['Botrytis cinerea', 'B. cinerea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13741 :: ('MESH:C477937', 'Chemical') :: ['Inositol phosphorylceramide']

entities_list: @entity11439 :: ('MESH:D019815', 'Chemical') :: ['oxalic acid']

answer: @entity14261 :: (40559,Species) :: ['Botrytis cinerea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of third ventriculostomy as an alternative to shunt revision in the management of @entity5033 and @entity281 in obstructive @entity1276 . METHODS: All of the clinical notes of 30 @entity1 treated with third ventriculostomy for malfunctioning or infected shunts between January 1, 1974, and December 31, 1996, were retrospectively reviewed. Third ventriculostomy was performed under fluoroscopic control in the first seven @entity1 and endoscopically in the remainder. A successful outcome was achieved if further shunt revision surgery was avoided. The median follow-up duration was 8.7 years RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (76.7%) experienced successful outcomes, resulting in shunt independence. Of the seven failures, three were technical failures at the time of surgery and the remaining four were manifest within a median of 10 days, resulting in shunt revision. There have been no delayed failures. CONCLUSION: Third ventriculostomy is a valuable alternative to shunt revision in @entity1 affected by obstructive @entity1276 presenting with @entity5033 or @entity281 . It should be considered in all suitable cases as the first-line treatment for obstructive @entity1276 of all causes. Because all failures were manifest within a short time, it is likely that these successes will be durable.

title: The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['shunt malfunction']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity5033 :: (MESH:C562451,Disease) :: ['shunt malfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2633 is a common problem affecting 1-3% of the population. There has been much debate about the best treatment modality for this condition. There is, however, no conclusive evidence in support of any of the proposed treatment modalities. In this trial, we have studied the effect of corticosteroid injection (with or without splinting) with normal saline injection (with or without splinting). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, individuals were randomly assigned to either of four treatment groups and received either 40 mg @entity8745 injection alone, 40 mg depomedrol injection with splinting, normal saline injection alone, or normal saline injection with splinting. They were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) at weeks 2, 4 and 24 and with the Oxford elbow scale (OES) at 24 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 79 @entity1 were participated in the study. The corticosteroid injection groups had @entity158 relief as measured by VAS at 2 and 4 weeks compared with the two saline injection groups. Mean VAS difference at week 0 versus week 2 was 4.5    0.9 and 2.8    0.6 in corticosteroid injection groups and saline injection groups respectively (P < 0.01) but at 24 weeks, there was only moderate benefit reported for the group which received @entity134 injection and splinting (P < 0.01) compared to the saline injection groups. The saline injection groups reported better improvement in OES scores (20.1    3.7) at the end of the trial compared corticosteroid injection groups (16.1    2.9) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that despite the @entity158 reduction benefit associated with @entity134 injection in short term, this benefit in comparison with normal saline injection fades by the 24(th) week of follow-up.

title: A randomized clinical trial on comparison of corticosteroid injection with or without splinting versus saline injection with or without splinting in XXXX with @entity2633 .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['Lateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['better pain', 'clear pain']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['depomedrol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In total, 189 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1252 were evaluated using the ACR 1990 criteria for @entity239 . @entity1 were classified into three subgroups. The @entity239 group (FM) included @entity1 experiencing @entity158 on palpation in at least 11 of the 18 tender points examined, as well as having a history of @entity158 for at least three months. @entity1 who were noted to have @entity158 in fewer than four quadrants with less than 11 of 18 tender points were considered to have @entity158 ( @entity158 ). All @entity1 who did not meet criteria for either FM or @entity158 were classified as having no @entity158 (NP). Measurement of @entity1252 disease activity, sleep complaints, @entity308 , @entity1295 severity and health status were performed. Only 18 of the @entity1252 @entity1 (9.5%) (95% CI 5.3-14%) fulfilled the ACR criteria for the classification of FM. Of the @entity1 , 106 (56.1%) fulfilled criteria for @entity158 and had a number of tender points of 5.4 +/- 3.4, and the rest of the @entity1 (34.4%) had no tenderness at specific tender point sites. Age, body mass index, educational level and disease duration were comparable between the groups. FM and @entity158 groups had different patterns of symptoms prevalence, with @entity1834 being more distinctive for FM. Sleep disturbances were more severe in the FM than in the @entity158 group. Daytime complaints such as @entity308 were similar for @entity158 and FM groups, but @entity1 with FM reported more disability. @entity239 is not common in Mexican @entity1 with @entity1252 and has a different pattern of symptoms in @entity158 and NP @entity1 . These data add evidence that ethnicity can play an important role in FM manifestations.

title: Prevalence and factors associated with @entity239 in Mexican XXXX with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness, fatigue and depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'RP', 'widespread pain', 'regional pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 45-year-old @entity1 , a smoker, presented acutely with subacute @entity1744 . Abdominal CT scan showed features of ileocaecal @entity30 . She was treated with high dose @entity230 and her symptoms rapidly settled. A few days later she was discharged on a reducing @entity479 course in addition to @entity500 . Outpatient colonoscopy was performed and reported as normal but there was failed terminal ileal intubation. Three months later, she represented as an emergency with @entity1744 . On laparoscopy, a @entity850 was found resulting in an ileocolic resection. Histopathology reported an endometriotic stricture with no evidence of @entity30 . She was advised to stop @entity230 and @entity500 . A subsequent pelvic MRI scan showed no further endometrial deposits and she remained symptom free. This case highlights that @entity46 should always be considered when @entity1 of childbearing age present with @entity1744 , even if the @entity1 has no other evidence of the disease.

title: Endometriosis masquerading as @entity30 in a XXXX with acute small bowel obstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['terminal ileal stricture']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'small bowel obstruction', 'complete small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prediction of drug-induced @entity137 is complicated by the failure of animal models to extrapolate @entity1 response, especially during assessment of repeated dose @entity137 for cosmetic or chronic drug treatments. In this work, we present a 3D microreactor capable of maintaining metabolically active HepG2/C3A spheroids for over 28  days in vitro under stable @entity26 gradients mimicking the in vivo microenvironment. Mitochondrial respiration was monitored using two-frequency phase modulation of phosphorescent microprobes embedded in the tissue. Phase modulation is focus independent and unaffected by cell @entity204 or migration. This sensitive measurement of @entity26 dynamics revealed important information on the drug mechanism of action and transient subthreshold effects. Specifically, exposure to antiarrhythmic agent, @entity2643 , showed that both respiration and the time to onset of @entity2383 were dose dependent showing a TC50 of 425   m. Analysis showed significant induction of both phospholipidosis and @entity1560 during long-term exposure. Importantly, exposure to widely used analgesic, @entity1443 , caused an immediate, reversible, dose-dependent loss of @entity26 uptake followed by a slow, irreversible, dose-independent @entity204 , with a TC50 of 12.3  mM. Transient loss of mitochondrial respiration was also detected below the threshold of @entity1443 @entity137 . The phenomenon was repeated in HeLa cells that lack @entity5321 and 3A4, and was blocked by preincubation with @entity9050 and TMPD. These results mark the importance of tracing @entity137 effects over time, suggesting a NAPQI-independent targeting of mitochondrial complex III might be responsible for @entity1443 @entity137 in extrahepatic tissues.

title: Real-time monitoring of XXXX uptake in hepatic bioreactor shows CYP450-independent @entity2383 of @entity1443 and @entity2643 .

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['microvesicular steatosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of saw palmetto or @entity585 in @entity1 with @entity263 /chronic @entity263 ( @entity2723 /CPPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, open label, 1-year study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of saw palmetto and @entity585 in the treatment of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2723 /CPPS. @entity1 were randomized to @entity585 (5 mg once daily) or saw palmetto (325 mg daily) for 1 year. @entity1 were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Chronic @entity1069 ( @entity1069 , urinary symptoms, quality of life and mean @entity1069 score) and the American Urological Association Symptom Score at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 64 consecutive @entity1 24 to 58 years old (mean age 43.2) with a diagnosis of @entity2723 /CPPS were equally randomized to the 2 treatment arms. All 64 @entity1 had previously received antibiotics (duration of 3 to 93 weeks), 52 (82%) had been on alpha-blockade. There were 61, 57 and 56 @entity1 evaluable at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. At 1 year mean total National Institutes of Health @entity1069 Symptom Index score decreased from 23.9 to 18.1 in the @entity585 group (p <0.003), and from 24.7 to 24.6 in the saw palmetto arm (p = 0.41). In the @entity585 arm the quality of life and @entity1069 domains were significantly improved at 1 year; however, urination was not. Adverse events included @entity10 (3 cases) in the saw palmetto group and decreased libido (2 cases) in the @entity585 group. At the end of the trial 13 of 32 (41%) and 21 of 32 (66%) opted to continue saw palmetto and @entity585 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2723 /CPPS treated with saw palmetto had no appreciable long-term improvement. In contrast, @entity1 treated with @entity585 had significant and durable improvement in all various parameters except voiding. Further studies are warranted to ascertain the mechanism and reproducibility of these effects in a placebo controlled trial.

title: A prospective, 1-year trial using saw palmetto versus @entity585 in the treatment of XXXX /chronic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Prostatitis Symptom Index, individual domains', 'pain', 'Chronic Prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['category III prostatitis', 'pelvic pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['category III prostatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the clinical characteristics and determine mutations in the @entity18356 gene, encoding a kinesin motor protein in @entity1 with congenital @entity82 of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) type 1. METHODS: @entity1 of five families with @entity45747 and two simplex @entity1 with CFEOM underwent ophthalmologic examination and mutation analysis in the @entity18356 gene. RESULTS: Clinical examination and passive motility testing prior to surgery met criteria for CFEOM. All @entity1 had congenital restrictive ophthalmoplegia primarily affecting muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve. Complete mutation screening in the @entity18356 gene revealed the presence of the known and most common recurrent variant @entity59987 in three families and in two simplex cases. Two families demonstrated linkage to chromosome 16. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 included in the study had marked restriction of movement bilaterally with nearly complete loss of @entity1319 , graded reduction of horizontal motility, @entity1736 , and compensatory chin elevation. The phenotype was variable in @entity1 carrying the same mutation. In one family, all @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1032 , indicating that this syndrome might not only affect the development of cranial nerves, but can also be responsible for general @entity51 . The screening data suggest frequent and exclusive appearance of the @entity64308 variant in sporadic and familial cases of @entity18356 in Germany.

title: XXXX variant @entity59987 in familial or sporadic cases of @entity18356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity45747 :: ('MESH:C580012', 'Disease') :: ['congenital fibrosis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['vertical ocular motility']

answer: @entity18356 :: (55605,Gene) :: ['KIF21A']


abstract: @entity523 Best Management Practices require Florida packers to treat tomatoes in a flume system containing at least 150 ppm of free @entity3878 or other approved sanitizer. However, research is needed to determine the ability of these sanitizers to prevent the transfer of pathogens from contaminated to uncontaminated tomatoes, particularly under realistic packinghouse conditions. The goal of this research was to assess the minimum levels of sanitizer needed to prevent @entity5746 cross-contamination between tomatoes in a model flume system under clean conditions and conditions where organic matter was added. @entity11102 (ca. 8.3 log CFU per @entity523 ) were treated along with uninoculated tomatoes in a model flume system containing 0, 10, or 25 ppm of @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ) under organic loading conditions of 0, 500, or 4,000 ppm of chemical @entity26 demand (COD). In the absence of @entity9785 , uninoculated tomatoes were highly contaminated (ca. 5 log CFU per @entity523 ) by 15 s. No contamination was detectable (<2 log CFU per @entity523 ) on uninoculated tomatoes when @entity9785 was present, except with 10 ppm at 4,000 ppm of COD, suggesting failure of 10 ppm of @entity9785 as a sanitizer under very high organic loading conditions. In the presence of @entity9785 or @entity3879 , @entity5746 was undetectable (<1 log CFU/ml) in the model flume water samples after 2 and 30 s, respectively. Upon enrichment, none of the uninoculated tomatoes treated with 25 ppm of @entity9785 for 120 s were positive for @entity5746 , even in the presence of organic loading at 500 ppm of COD. Based on these findings, 25 ppm of @entity9785 may be adequate to prevent cross-contamination when the concentration is properly maintained, COD does not exceed 500 ppm, and tomatoes are treated for at least 120 s. Further validation in a larger commercial setting and using higher organic loading levels is necessary because managing @entity9785 at this low concentration is difficult, especially in a recirculating system. The use of less sanitizer by packers could reduce chemical and disposal costs.

title: Control of XXXX Cross-Contamination between Green Round Tomatoes in a Model Flume System.

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity3879 :: ('MESH:D010463', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxyacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['Inoculated tomatoes']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['Salmonella']


abstract: We observed changes of endothelin content and endothelin mRNA in vivo in @entity729 and in vitro in @entity730 of vascular smooth muscle cells to explore the role of endothelin in @entity729 . Calcification model in vivo was induced by administration of @entity3875 plus @entity1239 . Calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was induced by @entity621 . @entity11617 content was measured by using radioimmunoassay. Endothelin mRNA amount was determined by using competitive quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that @entity460 content, 45 @entity141 uptake and @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity were increased in calcified VSMCs, compared with controls, but were decreased, compared with calcified VSMCs plus @entity11344 group. The endothelin content in the medium and endothelin mRNA in VSMCs were elevated by 35 and 120% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with those normal VSMCs. @entity460 content, 45 @entity141 accumulation and @entity623 activity in calcified arteries increased by 5.0-, 1.4-, and 1.4-fold. The endothelin levels in plasma and aorta as well as the amount of endothelin mRNA in calcified aorta were increased by 102, 103, and 22%, respectively, compared with control group. However, @entity460 content, 45 @entity141 uptake and @entity623 activity in VDN plus @entity12584 group was 33, 36.7, and 40.4% lower than those in VDN group. These results indicated an upregulated endothelin gene expression as well as an increased production of endothelin in calcified aorta and VSMCs with @entity11344 and @entity12584 significantly reducing @entity729 . This suggested that endothelin might be involved in pathogenesis of @entity729 .

title: Endothelin-1 is a potent regulator in vivo in XXXX and in vitro in @entity730 of vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity621 :: ('MESH:C031463', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-glycerophosphate']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity11617 :: ('MESH:D016232', 'Chemical') :: ['Endothelin']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['vascular calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of intravesical instillation of immunotoxin (IT) on the prevention of recurrence of @entity150 . METHODS: 128 @entity1 with superficial @entity150 or @entity150 of T2 stage underwent operation, and then were randomly divided into 3 groups 2 - 3 weeks after operation to be instilled intravesically with solution of @entity1138 (n = 53), Calmette-Guerin vaccine (n = 30), or IT (n = 45) once a week for 8 weeks and then once every month for 8 months respectively. Cystoscopy, blood routine examination, routine urine examination, and liver function test were conducted every 3 months. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine 30 samples of resected @entity189 . The effects and side effects were observed. Recurrence was verified by cystoscopy and/or ultrasonography, CT, and surgery. RESULTS: Out of the 30 samples of resected @entity150 , 27 were staining positive (+ - + + +) with a positive rate of 90%. The binding activity was significantly different between the G(1) @entity189 of and the G(3) @entity189 (P < 0.05) and not significantly different between the G(1) and G(2) @entity189 and between the G(2) and G(3) @entity189 (both P > 0.05). The higher the grade of @entity189 , the stronger the binding activity of IT (P < 0.05). The recurrence rate in the first year were 11.1%, 10.0%, and 15.1% in the IT, BCG, and @entity1139 groups respectively without significant difference between any 2 groups (all P > 0.05); and the recurrence rate in the 2nd year were 24.4%, 30.0%, and 28.3% in the 3 groups respectively without significant difference between any 2 groups (all P > 0.05). The side effect rate were 17.8% on the IT group, significantly lower than those in the other 2 groups (70.0% and 56.6% respectively, both P < 0.01). However, the side effect rates between the BCG group and @entity1139 group was not significantly different (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: IT is more effective on the prevention of recurrence of @entity189 with @entity5 and has fewer side effects. The short-term effect of IT is similar to those of BCG and @entity1139 . The activity of IT is associated with the grade and not the stage of @entity189 .

title: [Prevention of postoperative recurrence of XXXX @entity150 by intravesical instillation of immunotoxin, a clinical study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['higher malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) can both suppress and stimulate the immune system. We sought to investigate the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced @entity2905 and its associations with @entity1 outcomes in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Subjects consisted of 711 @entity1 who had received definitive @entity1161 for @entity1149 . A lymphocyte nadir was calculated as the minimum lymphocyte value measured during definitive @entity1161 . Associations between gross @entity5 volumes (GTVs) and lung dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters with lymphocyte nadirs were assessed with Spearman correlation coefficients. Relationships between lymphocyte nadirs with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and event free survival (EFS) were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared with log-rank test results. Multivariate regressions were conducted with linear and Cox regression analyses. All variables were analyzed as continuous if possible. RESULTS: Larger GTVs were correlated with lower lymphocyte nadirs regardless of concurrent chemotherapy receipt (with concurrent: r = -0.26, P<.0001; without: r  =  -0.48, P<.0001). Analyses of lung DVH parameters revealed significant correlations at lower doses (lung V5-V10: P<.0001) that incrementally decreased and became nonsignificant at higher doses (lung V60-V70: P>.05). Of note, no significant associations were detected between GTV and lung DVH parameters with total leukocyte, neutrophil, or monocyte nadirs during @entity1161 or with lymphocyte count prior to @entity1161 . Multivariate analysis revealed larger GTV (P<.0001), receipt of concurrent chemotherapy (P<.0001), twice-daily radiation fractionation ( @entity13676 ), and @entity5 (P=.05) to be associated with lower lymphocyte nadirs. On univariate analysis, @entity1 with higher lymphocyte nadirs exhibited significantly improved @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51 per 10(3) lymphocytes/ L, P=.01) and EFS (HR = 0.46 per 10(3) lymphocytes/ L, P<.0001). These differences held on multivariate analyses, controlling for common disease and treatment characteristics including GTV. CONCLUSIONS: Lower lymphocyte nadirs during definitive @entity1161 were associated with larger GTVs and worse @entity1 outcomes.

title: XXXX association with gross @entity5 volume and lung V5 and its effects on @entity1149 @entity1 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Radiation therapy']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2905 :: (MESH:D008231,Disease) :: ['Lymphopenia']


abstract: Sympathetic nerves are known to reach the heart via classical vagal pathways. Bilateral cervicothoracic sympathectomy (CS) might be expected therefore to leave significant amounts of releasable @entity2661 in the myocardium if the vagi are left intact. Cardiac responses to @entity6114 (500 micrograms intracoronary) were compared in animals with CS, extrinsic @entity299 ( @entity299 ), and chemical sympathectomy with @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ). @entity235 were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and isovolumic pressures were recorded from the heart. In control animals, @entity6114 caused profound increases in rate (58%) and isovolumic pressures (86-170%). Ten CS animals demonstrated responses indistinguishable from control animals. Four @entity299 and four @entity2955 animals showed no response to @entity6114 . Cervical vagal stimulation after @entity3897 in the CS animals produced @entity591 . Histofluorescent studies demonstrated the presence of significant numbers of cardiac adrenergic fibers in this group. The normal @entity6114 responsiveness of the CS animals was attributed to 1) significant numbers of vagal adrenergic fibers remaining in the heart after cervicothoracic sympathectomy, and 2) denervation supersensitivity, rendering the heart very responsive to the @entity2922 that remains.

title: Cardiac catecholamine stores after cardiac sympathectomy, XXXX , and @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac denervation', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-OHDA']


abstract: @entity32 and trauma lead to tissue acidification and release of inflammatory mediators, including @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ). Protons can evoke @entity158 through acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and @entity13812 receptors. In this study, we examined whether @entity1421 can potentiate proton-induced nociception in @entity1 on injection into skin and muscle. Psychophysical and vascular responses to microinjections of protons (pH 6.0 and 6.5), @entity1421 (10-6 and 10-7 M) and their combinations into forearm skin (30 microL) or anterior tibial muscle (50 microL) were assessed in 16 male subjects. @entity158 intensity, axon reflex erythema, and @entity158 thresholds were recorded after skin challenge; @entity158 intensity and thresholds for pressure-evoked @entity158 were recorded after intramuscular injections. Intradermal or intramuscular injections of @entity1421 induced very low levels of @entity158 similar to saline. Administration of low pH caused moderate @entity158 within 5 seconds that declined rapidly over 15 to 20 seconds. In comparison, coinjection of low pH with @entity1421 led to a biphasic profile of the @entity158 response. Combined pH + @entity1421 stimulation provoked significantly increased @entity158 in the second phase after injections (20 to 100 seconds) both in skin and muscle, whereas the initial injection @entity158 was not enhanced. @entity158 thresholds were reduced after @entity1421 and combined pH + @entity1421 , whereas flare responses were rather attenuated on coadministration of low pH with @entity1421 . Intriguingly, when compared with skin, @entity925 was significantly lower in the initial phase (0 to 15 seconds) but significantly higher in the second phase (20 to 100 seconds after injection). PERSPECTIVE: @entity1421 can potentiate nociceptor activation by protons in @entity1 skin and muscle, indicated by increased sustained @entity158 ratings. This can be best explained by @entity13812 sensitization in the presence of @entity1421 , a mechanism potentially relevant for inflammatory and injury-induced @entity158 .

title: Potentiation of nociceptive responses to low pH injections in XXXX by @entity1421 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Heat pain', 'pain', 'heat pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity0 either resistant to @entity4349 -based regimens or relapsing after @entity4349 -based adjuvant chemotherapy received a combination of a 3-h infusion of @entity1311 135 mg/m2 on day 1 and a 4-h infusion of @entity1260 1.7 g/m2 on days 2 to 4 of a 22-day cycle. For inclusion in the study, @entity1 had to have measurable or evaluable progressive @entity3 or @entity66 , and to have received only one prior regimen for metastatic disease; 31 @entity1 with a median age of 49 years (range: 30-69) entered the study. Nine @entity1 (29%) had lung @entity3 , while 17 (55%) had liver @entity3 , and 19 (61%) had bone @entity3 . Only seven @entity1 (23%) had lymph node @entity3 and four (13%) had skin @entity3 . A median of seven cycles of treatment was delivered. Responses were evaluated according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and side effects according to National @entity5 Institute (NCI) criteria. A panel of oncologists and one radiologist reviewed all responses. At baseline, only three @entity1 (10%) were free from the adverse effects of the prior therapy; severe nonhematological @entity137 occurred in less than 8% of @entity1 . However @entity1398 grade 3-4 occurred in 88%, while only 3% had severe @entity281 . Severe @entity882 and @entity417 were rare (4% and 8%, respectively). The overall response rate was 42% (13% complete response). Median survival and progression-free survival rates after initiation of treatment were 19.3 months and 6.1 months, respectively. With an objective response rate of 42% and median survival of 19 months, the combination of @entity1311 and @entity1260 seems to offer a promising regimen with acceptable side effects in @entity0 @entity1 relapsing after @entity4349 -based adjuvant treatment or resistant to @entity4349 treatment.

title: @entity1311 - XXXX for @entity4349 -resistant @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: Background: @entity64 frequently impairs activities of daily living (ADL) and deteriorates the function of the contra- as well as the ipsilesional limbs. In order to analyze alterations of higher motor control unaffected by paresis or sensory loss, the kinematics of @entity3140 in @entity1 with @entity64 has previously been analyzed during prehensile movements and simple tool use actions. By contrast, motion recording of multi-step ADL is rare and @entity1 -control comparisons for movement kinematics are largely lacking. Especially in clinical research, objective quantification of complex externally valid tasks can improve the assessment of @entity16 . Methods: In this preliminary study we employed three-dimensional motion recording and applied kinematic analysis in a multi-step ADL (tea-making). The trials were examined with respect to errors and sub-action structure, durations, path lengths (PLs), peak velocities, relative activity (RA) and smoothness. In order to check for specific burdens the sub-actions of the task were extracted and compared. To examine the feasibility of the approach, we determined the behavioral and kinematic metrics of the (ipsilesional) unimanual performance of seven @entity64 @entity1 (64a    11a, 3 with right/4 with @entity75 ( @entity75 ), 2 with signs of @entity1742 , variable severity of paresis) and compared the results with data of 14 neurologically healthy age-matched control @entity1 (70a    7a). Results: T-tests revealed that while the quantity and structure of sub-actions of the task were similar. The analysis of end-effector kinematics was able to detect clear group differences in the associated parameters. Specifically, trial duration (TD) was increased (Cohen's d = 1.77); the RA (Cohen's d = 1.72) and the parameters of peak velocities (Cohen's d = 1.49/1.97) were decreased in the @entity1 group. Analysis of the task's sub-actions repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) revealed no impact of the different demands of the sub-actions on the relative performance of the @entity1 group. Conclusion: The analyses revealed kinematic peculiarities in the performance with the ipsilesional hand. These deficits apparently arose from the cognitive demands like sequencing rather than motor constraints. End-effector kinematics proved as a sensitive method to detect and quantify aspects of disturbed multi-step ADL performance after @entity64 . If standardized, the examination and the analysis are quick and deliver objective data supporting clinical research.

title: Effects of XXXX on Ipsilesional End-Effector Kinematics in a Multi-Step Activity of Daily Living.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['LBD', 'left brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairments']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilesional upper limb movements']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a pivotal role in airway remodeling observed in the asthmatic airways. C to T base substitution at -509 promoter position in the @entity2533 gene leads to its increased expression which contributes to airway remodeling in @entity565 . We sought to evaluate the association of @entity2533 @entity12172 promoter variant with clinical @entity565 and varying degrees of disease severity. Three hundred and eighty-two clinically diagnosed @entity565 @entity1 and 410 healthy controls were enrolled for the study. @entity1 were classified into severity classes according to the Global Initiative for @entity565 (GINA) guidelines. @entity2533 @entity12172 genotyping was carried out by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. In the present study, we found significantly higher frequency of TT genotype in @entity565 @entity1 compared to controls (for TT vs. CC, p = 0.020). In addition, a significant difference was observed in the frequency of C and T allele in @entity1 and controls (for T vs. C, p   =   0.029). The heterozygous "CT" genotype was higher in moderate and severe @entity748 compared to mild subset of @entity1 (for mild vs. moderate, p   =   0.037). However, there was no significant distribution and association of variant allele with the severity subsets.

title: Association of XXXX Promoter Variant @entity12172 with @entity565 in South Indian Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1', 'Transforming growth factor-beta 1']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1036 ( @entity1036 ) is a sight-threatening emergency. Delayed diagnosis and treatment may exacerbate the condition and @entity281 may spread to the posterior segment with resultant @entity3225 . We describe the presentation, management, visual outcomes and microbial profiles of @entity1036 -associated @entity3225 presenting to a tertiary referral centre. METHODS: Prospective collection of data on all @entity1 presenting with presumed @entity1036 -associated @entity3225 from 1997 to 2007, to the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital. Outcome measures included: visual acuity, microbial profiles, and management strategy. RESULTS: Thirty-seven cases of @entity1036 -associated @entity3225 were identified over the study period, with a mean age of 73 years and 19 were male. Presenting acuities ranged from Snellen 2/60 to no perception of light (NPL). Thrity-four (91.9%) @entity1 had a prior history of @entity2194 . Identifiable non-ocular risk factors were present in 31 (83.8%), including @entity134 use, @entity303 , nursing home care or relative systemic immunosuppression. A culture positivity rate of 83.8% was recorded. The most common organisms identified included: Streptococcal species in 12 (32.4%), @entity796 in 11 (29.7%), and @entity794 in eight (21.6%). Final acuities ranged from 6/36 to NPL. Sixteen (43.2%) eyes were eviscerated/enucleated as primary treatment. Overall, 23 (62.2%) @entity1 required evisceration/enucleation, of which nine (39.1%) were due to @entity796 and seven (30.4%) to Streptococcal species ( @entity883 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1036 -associated @entity3225 is a serious ocular condition occurring more frequently in elderly populations, and those with long standing severe pre-existing @entity2194 . Visual outcomes are poor, often requiring evisceration/enucleation.

title: Risk factors, microbial profiles and prognosis of microbial keratitis-associated XXXX in high-risk eyes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['Streptococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['Microbial keratitis', 'MK']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['endophthalmitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe cognitive function and to evaluate the association between potentially predictive factors and cognitive outcome in an unselected population of survivors of childhood @entity1313 . PROCEDURE: We studied a consecutive sample of 133 @entity1 (76 had received radiotherapy (RT)) who had a @entity1313 diagnosed before the age of 15 years and were treated during the period January 1970 through February 1997 in the Eastern part of Denmark. Biologic effective dose of irradiation (BED) was assessed in 71 @entity1 . One hundred twenty-seven @entity1 were able to cooperate to WISC-R and WAIS-R. Multiple regression models were constructed to evaluate relationships between possible risk factors and cognitive outcome. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The mean intelligence (IQ) scores were substantially lower than the expected means of the general population. Younger age at diagnosis, @entity5 site in cerebral hemisphere, @entity1276 treated with shunt, and treatment with RT were found to be significant predictors of lower cognitive functions. RT was the most important risk factor for impaired intellectual outcome. The mean observed full scale IQ was 97.1 (SD = 14.3) for the non-irradiated @entity1 and 78.8 (SD = 14.3) for the irradiated @entity1 (adjusted P < 0.001). Verbal IQ, but not performance and full scale IQ, had a significant negative correlation to BED to the @entity5 site (P < 0.05). These results can be used to identify subgroups of @entity1 who are at increased risk for @entity73 allowing early and goal-directed intervention.

title: @entity73 in long-term survivors of childhood XXXX : Identification of predictive factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have shown that more than 50% of @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have decreased @entity79 ( @entity79 ). There is limited knowledge about the longitudinal changes of @entity79 and how to treat @entity604 in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: The present study was a prospective, longitudinal trial in which 33 male @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction (EF): 30+/-11%) were assigned to 1000 mg @entity460 supplementation or no supplementation. @entity79 was measured at the @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ) and the femoral neck (FN) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: @entity2331 ( @entity3570 33% and FN 36%) and @entity170 ( @entity3570 15% and FN 6%) were frequently seen in these @entity1 ; 70% showed @entity8 , 42% @entity3528 , and 33% @entity6126 . Bone resorption markers were strongly elevated and correlated negatively with the EF. @entity1 without @entity460 supplementation revealed a reduction of @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.7% and FN 1.9%) within 12 months. The @entity174 incidence was 6%. @entity1 with @entity460 supplementation also demonstrated a 6% @entity174 incidence and a decrease in @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.2% and FN 1.6%), which was not significantly different from the untreated group. Loss of @entity79 at FN was only seen in @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity712 demonstrate a progressive decrease in @entity79 when compared with age-matched healthy individuals. Increased bone resorption due to @entity177 with consecutive @entity3528 is a main reason for @entity79 loss in @entity712 . @entity460 supplementation alone cannot sufficiently prevent the decrease in @entity79 .

title: Effects of @entity460 supplementation on @entity604 and XXXX in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spine', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: Despite several works have described the usefulness of negative pressure therapy (NPT) in the treatment of @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ), no studies have reported its ability in the proteases modulation in @entity4760 . The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of NPT as a protease-modulating treatment in @entity4760 . Approach: We conducted a prospective study of a series of @entity6 @entity1 affected by chronic @entity4760 . Each @entity1066 was assessed for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity with a protease status diagnostic test at the baseline and after 2 weeks of NPT. Results: Four @entity1 were included. All @entity1 had @entity164 2 @entity6 with a disease duration of    20 years. A1c was 79.5        15.3 mmol/mol. @entity1066 area was >5   cm(2) in all cases. All wounds showed elevated protease activity (EPA) at the baseline. After 2 weeks, all @entity1 showed a normalization of MMPs activity. Innovation: NPT showed its effectiveness in the reduction of EPA in chronic @entity4760 . Conclusion: This study confirms the role of NPT in the positive modulation of protease activity also in chronic @entity4760 .

title: The Effectiveness of Negative Pressure Therapy in XXXX Ulcers with Elevated Protease Activity: A Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers', 'DFUs']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Foot']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional relationships between standing time, @entity28 , and @entity209 alongside and independent of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). @entity1 AND METHODS: The primary study sample consisted of 7075 adult @entity1 (aged 20-79 years) from Cooper Clinic (Dallas, Texas). In this cross-sectional study we assessed the associations between reported standing time and directly measured @entity28 (body mass index >= 30), elevated waist circumference ( @entity1 : >= 102 cm; @entity1 : >= 88 cm), body fat percentage ( @entity1 : >= 25%; @entity1 >= 30%), and @entity209 (yes/no). In addition, the joint associations of standing and LTPA on each outcome were examined. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for confounders was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Standing a quarter of the time or more was significantly associated with reduced odds of an elevated body fat percentage in @entity1 (P<.001) and a reduced likelihood of @entity28 (P<.009) and @entity1144 (P=.04) in @entity1 . In addition, joint association analyses indicated that compared with the reference group (ie, not meeting the physical activity guidelines/standing almost none of the time), @entity1 and @entity1 who met the physical activity guidelines had lower odds of all @entity28 outcomes and @entity209 with incremental additions of standing time (ie, a dose-response relationship). CONCLUSION: Standing a quarter of the time per day or more is associated with reduced odds of @entity28 . The inverse relationship of standing to @entity28 and @entity209 is more robust when combined with health-promoting LTPA. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and establish a causal relationship.

title: Standing, Obesity, and XXXX : Findings From the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic Syndrome']


abstract: AIM: Interaction with the @entity1246 receptor ( @entity1246 (A)R) complex is recognized as an important component of the mechanism of many anaesthetic agents, including @entity1875 . The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of @entity1875 on @entity1246 (A)R, to determine whether exposure of neurones to @entity1875 influences the localization of @entity1246 (A)R within the cell and to look for cytoskeletal changes that may be connected with activation, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. METHODS: Primary cortical cell cultures from @entity35 , with and without pre-incubation with the @entity1246 (A)R antagonist @entity1027 , were exposed to @entity1875 . The cells were lysed and separated into membrane and cytosolic fractions. Immunoblot analyses of filamentous actin (F-actin), the @entity1246 (A)beta(2)-subunit receptor and @entity2508 ( @entity2508 ) were performed. RESULTS: @entity1875 triggers an increase in @entity1246 (A)R, actin content and @entity2508 phosphorylation in the cytosolic fraction. In the membrane fraction, there is a decrease in @entity1246 (A)beta(2)-subunit content and an increase in both actin content and @entity2508 phosphorylation. The @entity1246 (A)R antagonist @entity1027 blocks the @entity1875 -induced changes in F-actin, @entity2509 and @entity1246 (A)beta(2)-subunit content, and @entity2508 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: We believe that @entity1875 triggers a dose-dependent internalization of the @entity1246 (A)beta(2)-subunit. The increase in internal @entity1246 (A)beta(2)-subunit content exhibits a close relationship to actin polymerization and to an increase in @entity2508 activation. Actin contributes to the internalization sequestering of the @entity1246 (A)beta(2)-subunit.

title: The effect of XXXX on actin, @entity2508 and GABAA receptor content in neurones.

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['ERK-1/2', 'extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phlebotropic activity, protective effect on the capillaries and anti-inflammatory properties of the @entity3088 have been reported in literature. Recently, we evaluated the effect of these drugs in controlling postoperative symptoms of proctologic surgery. In this randomized study we compared the results obtained in two groups of @entity1 , with grade II haemorrhoids, submitted to radiofrequency coagulation of the @entity6713 with radiofrequency scalpel ( @entity6713 ), to verify the effects of @entity3088 to reduce further symptoms after treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Out of 70 @entity1 initially randomized, a total of 59 @entity1 regularly returned to outpatient visit at least for 1 month of follow-up. Consequently, two groups of @entity1 were considered: Group A, represented by 28 individuals treated with @entity3088 , and Group B, consisting of 31 @entity1 as a control group. Our purpose was to determine: grade of @entity158 after procedure and at first evacuation (score from 1 to 10), @entity548 , incidence of @entity177 and complications, @entity1 's satisfaction after 30 days from the treatment (score from 1 to 10). RESULTS: We observed that the results obtained regarding the @entity158 reported at the end of procedures (2.51    1.4 for group A and 2.54    1.15 for group B) and at the first evacuation (2.6   .1.52 for group A and 2.7    1.18 for group B) are similar in both study groups. Instead, the mean score on overall satisfaction at 30 days from the treatment showed a statistical significance (8.32    1.72 for group A and 6.64    1.78 for group B; p < 0.05). There were no reported other important issues. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the usefulness of @entity3088 to make more comfortable the post-treatment period.

title: Beneficial effects of @entity3088 after ambulatory therapy with XXXX ( @entity6713 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failures']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal nodule', 'CHR']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['Combined Hemorrhoidal Radiocoagulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6363 ( @entity6363 ) is a heterogeneous class of disorders that shows various patterns of inheritance and involves a multitude of different genes. Mutations in the EYA4 gene are responsible for postlingual, progressive, autosomal dominant @entity393 at the DFNA10 locus. EYA4 is orthologous to the @entity238 gene @entity23785 ("eyes absent"), a key regulator of eye formation. EYA4 plays an important role in several developmental processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Here we report a Hungarian family displaying @entity1274 . The family comprising four generations with 11 affected and 8 unaffected members was subjected to genome-wide linkage analysis and candidate gene sequencing. RESULTS: By linkage analysis, the chromosomal region 6q22.3 was shown to segregate with the disease. Mutation analysis of the EYA4 gene, which maps to 6q22.3, revealed an insertion of 4 bp ( @entity63159 ) in all affected family members. This insertion creates a frameshift and results in a stop codon at position 379. Hence, nearly the complete " @entity23785 homologous region" (eyaHR), which is essential for the protein function, would be deleted in the mutant EYA4 protein if the transcription were found to be stable. CONCLUSIONS: This family is the third one linked to DFNA10 and revealing a mutation in the EYA4 gene. In all three families, the mutations are localized in different regions of the eyaHR, suggesting that this protein contains several functional subregions with different tissue-specific importance.

title: A 4-bp insertion in the @entity23785 -homologous region (eyaHR) of EYA4 causes XXXX in a Hungarian family linked to DFNA10.

entities_list: @entity63159 :: ('c|INS|1558|TTTG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['1558insTTTG']

entities_list: @entity6363 :: ('MESH:C537845', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary hearing impairment', 'HHI']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural, progressive hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing impairment']


abstract: Platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ), a phospholipid second messenger, has diverse physiological functions, including responses in differentiated endothelial cells to external stimuli. We used @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model system. We show that @entity5567 activated pertussis toxin-insensitive @entity10158 protein upon binding to its seven transmembrane receptor. Elevated @entity268 levels were observed via activation of adenylate cyclase, which activated protein kinase A (PKA) and was attenuated by a @entity5567 receptor antagonist, blocking downstream activity. Phosphorylation of @entity7242 by @entity5567 required @entity10158 protein and adenylate cyclase activation; there was an absolute requirement of PKA for @entity5567 -induced @entity7242 phosphorylation. Immediate (1 min) @entity5567 -induced @entity4104 phosphorylation required the activation of @entity10158 protein, adenylate cyclase, and PKA, and was independent of these intermediates at delayed (30 min) and prolonged (60 min) @entity5567 exposure. @entity5567 activated @entity20615 through its @entity10158 protein-coupled receptor, whereas activation of @entity7985 ( @entity7985 ) by @entity5567 was independent of G proteins but required the involvement of @entity7242 at prolonged @entity5567 exposure (60 min). We demonstrate for the first time in vascular endothelial cells: (i) the involvement of signaling intermediates in the @entity5567 - @entity5567 receptor system in the induction of @entity1552 and @entity1551 expression, resulting in the coordinated proteolytic activation of @entity1476 , and (ii) a receptor-mediated signal transduction cascade for the @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity3818 by @entity5567 . @entity5567 exposure induced binding of @entity64911 (Cas), @entity7242 , @entity9703 , and paxillin to @entity3818 . Clearly, @entity5567 -mediated signaling in differentiated endothelial cells is critical to endothelial cell functions, including cell migration and proteolytic activation of @entity1476 .

title: Activation of platelet-activating factor receptor-coupled G alpha q leads to stimulation of @entity7242 and focal adhesion kinase via two separate pathways in XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity7985 :: ('5335', 'Gene') :: ['phospholipase C gamma 1', 'PLC gamma 1']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: SWI provides information about blood oxygenation levels in intracranial vessels. Prior reports have shown that SWI focusing on venous drainage can provide noninvasive information about the degree of brain perfusion in pediatric arterial @entity385 . We aimed to evaluate the influence of the SWI venous signal pattern in predicting @entity64 evolution and the development of @entity4 in a large cohort of @entity1 with arterial @entity385 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A semiquantitative analysis of venous signal intensity on SWI and diffusion characteristics on DTI was performed in 16 vascular territories. The mismatch between areas with SWI-hypointense venous signal and restricted diffusion was correlated with @entity64 progression on follow-up. SWI-hyperintense signal was correlated with the development of @entity4 . RESULTS: We included 24 @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of pediatric arterial @entity385 . Follow-up images were available for 14/24 @entity1 . MCA @entity64 progression on follow-up was observed in 5/6 @entity1 , with 2/8 @entity1 without mismatch between areas of initial SWI hypointense venous signal and areas of restricted diffusion on DTI. This mismatch showed a statistically significant association (P = .03) for @entity1188 progression. Postischemic @entity4 developed in 2/10 @entity1 with and 0/14 @entity1 without SWI-hyperintense venous signal on initial SWI (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS: SWI-DTI mismatch predicts @entity64 progression in pediatric arterial @entity385 . SWI-hyperintense signal is not useful for predicting the development of @entity4 . SWI should be routinely added to the neuroimaging diagnostic protocol of pediatric arterial @entity385 .

title: Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in Pediatric XXXX : A Valuable Alternative for the Noninvasive Evaluation of Altered Cerebral Hemodynamics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['malignant edema']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Arterial Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Specific immunotherapy involving systemic injection of allergen, though highly effective, can cause severe side effects due to IgE-mediated activation of effector cells. Allergen-derived peptides might provide a safer alternative. We have investigated the use of mucosally delivered peptide to induce @entity1961 (+) T(H)2 cell tolerance and thus protect against allergen-induced @entity32 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intranasal administration of an allergen-derived peptide, either alone or adsorbed to chitosan, can prevent the induction of T(H)2-mediated @entity55 after sensitization and challenge of the airways with allergen. METHODS: @entity19 were given (intranasally) a peptide containing an immunodominant epitope of the @entity7130 (Der p) 1 allergen, either as soluble antigen or adsorbed to chitosan, before sensitization and allergen challenge. @entity55 , antigen-specific @entity1961 (+) T-cell responses, and antibody levels in sera were then determined. RESULTS: @entity19 given peptide adsorbed to chitosan had significant reductions in airway @entity1712 , which correlated with reduced levels of @entity58 and @entity59 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There was decreased recruitment of activated @entity1961 (+) T cells into the airways after allergen challenge, which correlated with a loss of Der @entity29605 -specific T-cell cytokine responses in the periphery and the localized production of @entity1618 by antigen-specific T cells in bronchial lymph nodes. Induction of peripheral T-cell tolerance was preceded by transient T-cell activation and @entity60 production. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that suppression of @entity32 by intranasal administration of peptide antigen adsorbed to chitosan is initiated by transient T-cell activation and maintained by the production of @entity1618 by antigen-specific T cells in the draining lymph nodes.

title: Kinetics and mode of peptide delivery via the respiratory mucosa determine the outcome of activation versus TH2 immunity in XXXX of the airways.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation', 'Pulmonary inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['allergic inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 252 Background: UPMC CancerCenter includes 40 sites of services in a 100 mile radius in Western Pennsylvania. Consistency and quality of care are critical to such a diverse network. In addition, the UPMC mission includes accrual to clinical trials. To meet these challenges, UPMC developed the Via Oncology Pathways. The program has served UPMC well for over seven years to date and is now a key foundation for UPMC's overall healthcare reform strategy for quality and accountable care. METHODS: Treatment algorithms were developed for 90% of @entity5 types by establishing committees of @entity4207 and community specialists. These committees interpret the literature and define the most efficacious, least toxic, and economically efficient treatment regimens appropriate for highly specific disease presentations (e.g., node +, er-, her2 +, @entity3666 ). Clinical trials are also imbedded into the algorithms. Quarterly, these algorithms are reviewed by the committees to assess relevance, review network feedback, add newly available trials and address emerging data. Equally important to clinical content is its presentation to the practicing physician in a manner that allows real time usage and adds value to physician workflow. This is accomplished with a web portal that presents the individual pathways status through the physician's daily schedule. RESULTS: Over 120 oncologists at UPMC use Via Oncology Pathways in their daily practice. In 2011, UPMC physicians confirmed a pathways status for 94% of their @entity1 visits (195,000) and achieved an On Pathway rate of 82% for their 18,000 treatment decisions. The database also includes @entity1 presentations, reasons for going off pathway and reasons for not accruing to clinical trial. Lower hospitalization rates and mandated adoption of personalized medicine were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: When appropriately developed and implemented, clinical pathways are a solution to improving the quality and cost effectiveness of @entity5 care by enhancing physician decision-making, standardizing care and ensuring access to evidence-based personalized medicine. We continue to expand the scope of our pathways to include diagnostic studies, surveillance protocols and end of life prompts.

title: Using a pathways process to ensure measurable evidence-based standardized care in a large XXXX network.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity13169 ( @entity13169 ) is a rare @entity943 that occasionally appears to be genetically determined. This study investigates the genetic background of this @entity74 in a large family. Forty-four family members were clinically evaluated. One deceased and three living relatives were unambiguously affected by @entity13169 . All other relatives appeared unaffected. Candidate gene screening revealed a novel mutation in the cardiac @entity1372 channel gene @entity1788 ( @entity62847 ) in all three affected living relatives and in five unaffected relatives, and the deceased relative was an obligate carrier. In addition, two closely linked polymorphisms were detected within regulatory regions of the gene for the atrial-specific gap junction protein @entity8439 ( @entity8439 ) at @entity2036 @entity20420 and @entity62848 . Eight relatives were homozygous for both polymorphisms, which occurred in only approximately 7% of control subjects, and three of these relatives were affected by @entity13169 . The three living @entity13169 @entity1 exclusively coinherited both the rare @entity8439 genotype and the @entity1788 - @entity62847 mutation. @entity1788 - @entity62847 channels showed a small depolarizing shift in activation compared with wild-type channels. Rare @entity8439 genotype reporter gene analysis showed a reduction in reporter gene expression compared with the more common @entity8439 genotype. In this study, familial @entity13169 was associated with the concurrence of a cardiac @entity1372 channel mutation and rare polymorphisms in the atrial-specific @entity8439 gene. We propose that, although the functional effect of each @entity74 is relatively benign, the combined effect of genetic changes eventually progresses to total @entity13169 .

title: A cardiac XXXX channel mutation cosegregates with a rare @entity8439 genotype in familial atrial standstill.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic disorder', 'genetic change']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity13169 :: ('MESH:C563984', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Atrial standstill']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: Ionic @entity3740 has been used to study transepithelial ion permeation in in vitro @entity95 gallbladder and intestine (ileum) by adding 1 mM @entity11329 to only the mucosal bathing solution. Transepithelial fluid transport electrical potential differences (p.d.), and resistances were measured. During @entity11329 treatment the gallbladder's rate of active solute-coupled fluid transport remained constant, the resistance increased, and the 2:1 @entity1219 diffusion p.d. decreased. Mucosa-to-serosa fluxes of (140) @entity11329 were measured and indicate a finite permeability of the gallbladder to @entity11329 . @entity11329 also increased the transepithelial resistance and p d. of ileum. Electron microscopic examination of @entity11329 -treated gallbladder showed: (a) good preservation of the fine structure, (b) electron-opaque @entity3740 precipitates in almost every lateral intercellular space, most frequently near the apical end of the lateral spaces close to or within the junctional complex, (c) @entity3740 among the subjacent muscle and connective tissue layers, and (d) @entity3740 filling almost the entire length of so-called "tight" junctions. No observations were made which unequivocally showed the penetration of @entity3740 into the gallbladder cells. Electron micrographs of similar @entity11329 -treated ilea showed @entity3740 deposits penetrating the junctional complexes. These results coupled with other physiological studies indicate that the low resistance pathway for transepithelial ion permeation in gallbladder and ileum is through the tight junctions A division of salt-transporting epithelia into two main groups, those with "leaky" junctional complexes and those with tight junctional complexes, has been proposed.

title: Permeable junctional complexes. The movement of XXXX across @entity95 gallbladder and intestine.

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

answer: @entity3740 :: (MESH:D007811,Chemical) :: ['lanthanum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity58010 ( @entity8670 ) is a @entity3096 from plants of the Polygonaceae family and is also an immediate metabolite of @entity3092 in mammals. To date, the anti  - @entity5 effects of @entity8670 and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated in @entity2 cells. The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of @entity8670 on the growth of @entity1 @entity2 A549  cells. Treatment of the @entity2 cells with @entity8670 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation. @entity8670 treatment also resulted in a significant increase in apoptotic cell death of A549 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Further investigation showed that the apoptosis proceeded via the mitochondria  -dependent pathway as indicated by alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of @entity4674 and caspase activation. Of note, treatment with @entity8670 also induced the formation of autophagosomes and light chain  3  -II protein in A549 cells. Furthermore, co  -treatment with autophagy inhibitors @entity2456 and @entity6383 significantly inhibited the @entity8670  -induced autophagy and enhanced the @entity8670  -induced apoptotic cell death in  vitro as well as in  vivo. Thus, the results of the present study suggested that @entity8670 is a @entity2 agent. In addition, the results indicated that the inhibition of autophagy may be a useful strategy for enhancing the chemotherapeutic effect of @entity8670 on @entity2 cells.

title: Autophagy inhibition enhances XXXX  -induced mitochondria  -dependent apoptosis in non  -small cell lung cancer cells.

entities_list: @entity2456 :: ('MESH:C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3  -methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity58010 :: ('MESH:C047368', 'Chemical') :: ['Isorhamnetin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['potential anti  -lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity58010 :: (MESH:C047368,Chemical) :: ['isorhamnetin']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the national incidence of @entity164 1 @entity6 in @entity1 aged 0-14 years and examine trends in incidence between 2000 and 2006 by age, sex and calendar year. METHODS: Case ascertainment was from the Australian National @entity6 Register, a prospective population-based incidence register established in 1999, with two sources of ascertainment: the National @entity6 Services Scheme and the Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group's state-based registers. Denominator data were from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS: There were 6350 new cases of @entity164 1 @entity6 (3323 @entity1 and 3027 @entity1 ). Case ascertainment was 97.1% complete using the capture-recapture method. The mean adjusted incidence rate for 2000-2006 was 21.6 per 100,000 @entity1 -years [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.0, 22.1], and increased from 19.8 in 2000 to 23.4 per 100,000 in 2006, an average increase of 2.8% (95% CI 1.5, 4.1) per year. Mean incidence for the 7-year period increased with age, and was significantly higher in @entity1 aged 0-4 years and 10-14 years than in @entity1 of the same age. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity164 1 @entity6 among 0-14-year-olds in Australia is very high compared with available data from many other countries. The rate of increase observed globally in the last decade has continued well into this decade in Australia. The rising incidence cannot be explained by changes in genetic susceptibility; there is an urgent need to examine the environmental factors that have contributed to this increase. The findings of this study also have important implications for resource planning.

title: Australia's national trends in the incidence of XXXX 1 @entity6 in 0-14-year-olds, 2000-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'person', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to: 1). compare rates of in vitro bone formation following reamed and nonreamed intramedullary fixation in a @entity19 model of femoral @entity174 healing; and 2). examine whether antibodies to @entity7424 , @entity10247 , or @entity3352 (an inhibitor of the inflammatory process) affect bone formation following intramedullary reaming. DESIGN: Experimental study. @entity1 : Twenty-four C57 black @entity19 were randomized to two groups: reamed ( = 12), and nonreamed intramedullary nail insertion ( = 12). INTERVENTION: In the reamed group, the femoral canals were successively reamed with 30-, 27-, 25-, and 23-gauge stainless steel pins and stabilized with a 27-gauge pin. In @entity19 randomized to the nonreamed group, a 27-gauge pin was inserted. An external three-point bending force created a midshaft transverse femoral @entity174 . Seven days postsurgery, each @entity19 was killed, and the right femur was removed. Following pin removal, the callus was minced, the bone marrow was removed, and both were ultracentrifuged at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatent was cocultured with 3-day-old @entity19 calvarial cells in culture media. At day 5 of culture, reamed plasma and calvarial cell cocultures were exposed to either 1.0 micro g/mL of anti- @entity7424 , 1.0 micro g/mL of anti- @entity10247 , 2 micro M @entity3352 , or served as controls (calvarial cells only). The cells were cultured for a total of 21 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The number of bone nodules was quantified by light microscopy. RESULTS: Reamed pin insertion resulted in 4.1-fold and 8.9-fold increases in the mean number of bone nodules compared to pins inserted without reaming and controls, respectively (399 +/- 40.0 vs. 97.0 +/- 21.0, < 0.001). The positive effect of intramedullary reaming on bone nodule formation was reversed with the administration of antibodies to @entity7424 and @entity10247 . The addition of anti- @entity7424 or anti- @entity10247 to @entity9332 , cells treated with supernatent from the callus and bone marrow of @entity19 with prior intramedullary reaming resulted in significant declines in the mean number of bone nodules ( < 0.001). Specifically, treatment of osteoblastlike cells with anti- @entity7424 or anti- @entity10247 resulted in 7.0-fold and 5.4-fold declines in mean bone nodule formation compared to cells without such treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intramedullary reaming prior to pin insertion resulted in a significantly greater number of bone nodules than pin insertion only. Antibodies to @entity7424 , @entity10247 , and @entity3352 reversed the stimulatory effect of reaming on bone nodule formation, suggesting their role in modulating the course of @entity174 healing following intramedullary reaming.

title: Bone formation following intramedullary femoral reaming is decreased by XXXX and antibodies to insulin-like growth factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial, or osteoblastlike']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity7424 :: ('16000(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF I', 'insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13377 or @entity13377 is commonly found in homes across the inter-tropical region. The contribution of sensitisation to @entity13377 in @entity1 with @entity565 in sub-Saharan Africa has not received attention. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and investigate the predicting factors of sensitisation to @entity13377 in @entity1 with @entity565 in Yaounde, Cameroon. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2012 and June 2013. All @entity1 (aged 15  years and above) with @entity565 , receiving care at the Yaounde Jamot Hospital and the CEDIMER medical practice during the study period and who had received a prick skin testing for perennial aeroallergens were included in the study. RESULTS: The final sample comprised 184 @entity1 including 123 (66.8%) @entity1 . The median age (25th-75th percentiles) was 38 (24-54) years. Prick skin test for @entity13377 was positive in 47 (25.5%) @entity1 . Sensitisation to @entity13377 was associated with a sensitisation to mite in 41 (87.2%) @entity1 , a sensitisation to Alternaria in 18 (38.3%) @entity1 , and a sensitisation to cat or @entity235 dander in 7 (14.9%) @entity1 . Independent predicting factors of a sensitisation to @entity13377 were the sensitisation to Blomia tropicalis [adjusted odd ratio (95% confidence interval) 4.10 (1.67-10.04), p   =   0.002] and sensitisation to Alternaria [3.67 (1.53-7.46), p   =   0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Sensitisation to @entity13377 is present in about a quarter of adult @entity1 with @entity565 in Yaounde. Sensitisation to Alternaria and Blomia tropicalis appears to be a powerful predicting factor of sensitisation to @entity13377 in this setting.

title: Sensitisation to XXXX among adults with @entity565 in Yaounde, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity13377 :: ('6973', 'Species') :: ['German cockroach', 'Blattella germanica']

answer: @entity13377 :: (6973,Species) :: ['Blattella germanica']


abstract: The present study investigated the pattern of limb @entity600 induced in @entity19 by @entity25786 ( @entity11596 ), one of @entity67560 ( @entity67561 ) metabolites. Pregnant Jcl:ICR @entity19 were given orally at gestational day (gd) 10.5, 11.0, or 11.5 (vaginal plug = gd 0) a single dose of @entity11596 10 mmol/kg of body weight. Fetuses were examined at gd 15.5 for @entity853 . @entity4218 were maximum in frequency and severity after administration at gd 11.5. Forelimbs had greater susceptibility than hindlimbs. Treatment at gd 10.5 produced cutaneous or @entity15723 between digits I and II, II and III, and @entity34263 of digit II or digit I. Intercalary defects in the forelimbs were also detected. No hindlimb @entity600 were induced. Treatment at gd 11.0 induced @entity34263 of digit II and digit I in the forelimbs, as well as @entity15723 or intercalary defects of the metacarpals or phalanges, and the frequency became increased. Hindlimb @entity600 were also detected in a small number with syndactyly between digits I and II or @entity34263 in digit I. Treatment at gd 11.5 induced @entity34263 in the forelimbs. Half of the forelimbs showed @entity34263 with four missing digits (digits I, II, III, and V) and the remaining limbs showed @entity34263 with a similar frequency with one, two, or three missing digits, either in the pre- or postaxial area. In the hindlimbs @entity34263 with one, two, or three missing digits was the most common @entity600 observed. Syndactyly between digits I and II was also induced in a small percentage.

title: Pattern of limb XXXX in @entity19 induced by @entity25786 .

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['external and skeletal malformations']

entities_list: @entity34263 :: ('MESH:C574275', 'Disease') :: ['ectrodactyly']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['Limb defects']

entities_list: @entity67560 :: ('MESH:C035983', 'Chemical') :: ['di(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity25786 :: ('MESH:C013598', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxyacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity15723 :: ('MESH:D013576', 'Disease') :: ['osseous syndactyly']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformations']


abstract: Between 1985 and 1999, 43 @entity1 with locally-advanced, resectable @entity5 were treated with combined surgery and post-operative radiation therapy (RT) at Oregon Health and Science University. Five @entity1 (12 per cent) had @entity5 and 38 @entity1 (88 per cent) had Stage IV disease. All @entity1 had gross total resections of the primary @entity5 . Thirty-seven @entity1 had neck dissections for regional disease. RT consisted of a mean @entity5 -bed dose of 63.0 Gy delivered in 1.8-2.0 Gy fractions over a mean of 49 days. At three- and five-years, the actuarial local control was 96 per cent and the actuarial local/regional control was 80 per cent. The three- and five-year actuarial rates of distant metastases were 41 per cent and 46 per cent, respectively. The actuarial overall survival at three- and five-years was 41 per cent and 34 per cent, respectively. The actuarial rates of progression-free survival were 49 per cent at three-years and 45 per cent at five years. Combined surgery and post-operative RT for @entity5 results in excellent local/regional control. This particular group of @entity1 experienced a high-rate of developing distant metastases.

title: Post-operative radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III disease', 'oropharyngeal cancer', 'advanced-stage oropharyngeal cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced-stage oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Exploration of the subjective visual vertical in pitch and Romberg's test in @entity1 with @entity1276 . @entity1 Eleven @entity1 with communicating normal pressure @entity1276 and six with non-communicating @entity1276 due to @entity1276 were examined before and after surgical treatment. METHODS: The subjective visual vertical was examined with a simple, custom-made articulated rod. The rod was faintly illuminated from within so as to appear floating in space when presented in darkness. The test task was to manually adjust the rod's position in pitch so that it appeared perfectly vertical. Romberg's test was performed under standardized conditions. RESULTS: @entity1 with a backward movement on Romberg's test showed a deviation of the subjective visual vertical, tilting the upper end of the rod closer to their eyes. @entity1 moving in other directions tilted the rod in the opposite direction (p < 0.01). The time in which the @entity1 managed Romberg's test with open eyes correlated with the intratest variability of rod placement (r = 0.86, p < 0.001). After surgery, improvements on Romberg's test correlated with a decreased intratest variability of the subjective visual vertical. There were no differences between the two @entity1 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative measurements of the subjective visual vertical in pitch correlate strongly with results of Romberg's test in @entity1 with @entity1276 .

title: Subjective visual vertical and Romberg's test correlations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'aqueductal stenosis']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: @entity9 , caused by a lesion or dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system, is a severe debilitating condition with which clinical treatment remains challenging. Jun activation domain-binding protein (JAB1) is a multifunctional protein that participates in several signaling pathways, controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the expression and possible function of JAB1 in the pathogenesis of @entity9 has not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of JAB1. Here, employing a @entity9 model induced by @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) on @entity35 , we reported the role of JAB1 in the maintenance of @entity9 . By western blot, we found that @entity8638 markedly up-regulated JAB1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord. Immunofluorescent assay demonstrated that JAB1 was extensively localized in IB4-, @entity4655 - and NF200-positive neurons in the injured L5 DRG, and mainly co-localized with @entity2141 in spinal cord. In addition, we showed that @entity8638 induced phosphorylation of @entity12149 and @entity6336 in vivo. Intrathecal injection of JAB1 siRNA significantly attenuated the @entity8638 -induced @entity6336 65 phosphorylation and alleviated both mechanical @entity1931 and @entity1931 in @entity35 . Taken together, these results suggested that JAB1 promotes @entity9 via positively regulating @entity6336 and @entity14185 activation.

title: JAB1 is Involved in @entity9 by Regulating @entity6336 and XXXX Activation After Chronic Constriction Injury.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

answer: @entity14185 :: (309165(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NF-kB']