abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations in the @entity15675 ( @entity15675 ) gene are associated with @entity1832 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship of @entity15675 mutations and @entity2204 genotype to LB and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) pathological findings. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Academic research. @entity1 : The 187 subjects included @entity1 with primary neuropathological diagnoses of @entity1832 with or without @entity195 changes (95 cases), randomly selected @entity1 with @entity195 (without significant LB pathological findings; 60 cases), and controls with neither LB nor @entity195 pathological findings (32 cases). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity15675 mutation status, @entity2204 genotype, LB pathological findings (assessed according to the third report of the @entity303 With Lewy Body Consortium), and @entity195 and tangle pathological findings (rated by criteria of Braak and Braak, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for @entity195 , and the National Institute on Aging-Reagan Institute). RESULTS: @entity15675 mutations were found in 18% (34 of 187) of all subjects, including 28% (27 of 95) of those with primary LB pathological findings compared with 10% (6 of 60) of those with @entity195 pathological findings and 3% (1 of 32) of those without @entity195 or LB pathological findings (P=.001). @entity15675 mutation status was significantly associated with the presence of cortical LBs (odds ratio, 6.48; 95% confidence interval, 2.45-17.16; P<.001), after adjusting for sex, age at death, and presence of @entity2204 . @entity15675 mutation carriers were significantly less likely to meet @entity195 pathological diagnostic (National Institute on Aging-Reagan Institute intermediate or high likelihood) criteria (odds ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.79; P=.01) after adjustment for sex, age at death, and @entity2204 . CONCLUSION: @entity15675 mutations may be associated with pathologically "purer" @entity1832 , characterized by more extensive (cortical) LB, and less severe @entity195 pathological findings and may be a useful marker for @entity1832 .

title: Association of XXXX mutations with @entity303 with @entity1832 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity15675 :: ('2629', 'Gene') :: ['GBA', 'glucocerebrosidase']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['LB disorders', 'Lewy body (LB) disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer Disease', 'AD', 'Alzheimer plaque', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity15675 :: (2629,Gene) :: ['glucocerebrosidase']


abstract: AIM: To describe the development and clinimetric properties of a new scale to evaluate changes in the impact of drooling in @entity1 with @entity717 . METHOD: After examining the properties of potential items, 10 items were retained for inclusion in the final Drooling Impact Scale. The clinimetric properties of the scale were evaluated using data from two convenience samples of @entity1 attending a saliva-control clinic: a stable group (n=31, 22 males, nine females; mean age 10y 7mo, SD 4y 5mo, range 3y 6mo-18y 3mo; @entity306 [ @entity306 ] n=17, @entity717 n=10; non-ambulatory n=13, nonverbal n=12) and an intervention group (n=49, 29 males, 20 females; mean age 11y, SD 3y 6mo, range 3y 4mo-16y 10mo; @entity306 n=31, @entity717 n=15; non-ambulatory n=27, nonverbal n=28). To assess validity, changes in scores on the Drooling Impact Scale over time were compared with a carer's global rating of change using Pearson's correlations and t-tests. A concordance correlation coefficient was used to compute the level of agreement between assessments 1 month apart in stable @entity1 . Effect size, standardized response mean, Guyatt responsiveness statistic, and an unpaired t-test were used to estimate responsiveness. RESULTS: The correlation between the global rating and change in Drooling Impact Scale scores was 0.69 (p<0.001). The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.85. An effect size of 1.8, standardized response mean of 1.5, Guyatt responsiveness statistic of 1.4, and mean group difference of 23.5 (95% confidence interval 17.4-29.6) were obtained. INTERPRETATION: The Drooling Impact Scale is a valid and reliable subjective measure that is responsive to change.

title: The Drooling Impact Scale: a measure of the impact of drooling in XXXX with @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability', 'developmental disabilities']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Recessive mutant gene c for "cardiac nonfunction" in @entity7547 results in an absence of normal heart contractions in affected embryos due to a failure of myofibril formation. In the present study, the intermediate filament protein, desmin, is compared in developing normal and mutant hearts by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunofluorescent microscopy, and immunoelectron microscopy. Tissues were fixed in periodate- @entity376 - @entity1604 or @entity1604 - @entity3584 solutions and rapidly frozen or embedded in Lowicryl resin. Frozen sections stained with @entity2823 -conjugated antibodies by an indirect approach revealed that desmin is localized in the I-band regions of adult cardiac myofibrils. In normal embryonic hearts at stage 32 (preheartbeat) desmin is localized as "spots" or amorphous collections in the cells. As development progresses to stage 35, staining for desmin in normal hearts becomes more intense with localization being most pronounced at the cell peripheries. By stage 41 most of the desmin in normal hearts is localized in the I band areas of the organized myofibrils and the staining of amorphous areas is much less prominent. During early development, the distribution of desmin in mutant hearts is similar to normal. However, while most of the desmin in normal organs at stage 41 is associated with myofibrils, the staining remains diffuse in mutants. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis reveals comparable patterns for desmin from normal and mutant hearts. Immunogold staining shows desmin localization to be between the myofibrils and around the I-band regions in adult cardiac muscle and in stage 41 normal embryonic hearts. Immunogold staining confirms a diffuse distribution of desmin in mutant hearts.

title: Immunofluorescent, immunogold, and electrophoretic studies for desmin in embryonic hearts of normal and cardiac mutant Mexican @entity7547 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity7547 :: (8296,Species) :: ['Ambystoma mexicanum']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The risk of @entity210 across CKD stages is not well described. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: We performed a retrospective cohort study using linked health care databases from Ontario, Canada from 2002 to 2010. The primary outcome was the 3-year cumulative incidence of @entity210 , on the basis of diagnostic codes. We presented our results by level of kidney function ( @entity470 >= 90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), 60-89, 45-59, 30-44, 15-29, and chronic dialysis) and by sex. Additional analyses examined the risk of @entity210 adjusting for clinical characteristics, incidence of @entity210 defined by the receipt of @entity208 or @entity3812 , and @entity210 risk in a subpopulation stratified by the level of @entity470 and @entity633 . RESULTS: Of the 282,925 adults aged >= 66 years, the mean age was 75 years and 57.9% were @entity1 . The 3-year cumulative incidence of @entity210 was higher in older adults with a lower level of @entity470 . In @entity1 , the 3-year cumulative incidence of @entity210 was 0.6%, 0.7%, 1.3%, 2.2%, and 3.4%, and in @entity1 the values were 0.8%, 1.2%, 2.5%, 3.7%, and 4.6%, respectively. However, @entity1 on chronic dialysis had a lower 3-year cumulative incidence of @entity210 ( @entity1 2.0%, @entity1 2.9%) than those with more moderate @entity8 (i.e., @entity470 15-44 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). The association between a greater @entity8 and a higher risk of diagnosed @entity210 was also evident after adjustment for clinical characteristics and in all additional analyses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a lower level of @entity470 had a higher 3-year cumulative incidence of @entity210 , with the exception of @entity1 receiving dialysis. Results can be used for risk stratification.

title: The 3-Year Incidence of Gout in Elderly XXXX with CKD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in kidney function', 'loss of kidney function']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with @entity19297 ( @entity7671 ) is an effective treatment for multiple actinic keratoses (AKs). @entity158 , however, is a major side-effect. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity158 intensity, efficacy, safety and cosmetic outcome of MAL PDT with two different light sources in an investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind study. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with multiple AKs grade I-II were assigned to two groups: group 1, MAL PDT with visible light and water-filtered infrared A (VIS+wIRA); group 2, MAL PDT with light from @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ), with a further division into two subgroups: A, no spray cooling; B, spray cooling on demand. MAL was applied 3 h before light treatment. @entity158 was assessed before, during and after PDT. Efficacy, side-effects, cosmetic outcome and @entity1 satisfaction were documented after 2 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months. Where necessary, treatment was repeated after 3 months. RESULTS: Seventy-six of the 80 @entity1 receiving MAL PDT completed the study. @entity1 assessment showed high efficacy, very good cosmetic outcome and high @entity1 satisfaction. The efficacy of treatment was better in the group of @entity1 without spray cooling (P=0  00022 at 3 months, P=0  0068 at 6 months) and showed no significant differences between VIS+wIRA and LED. VIS+wIRA was significantly less @entity158 than LED: the median of maximum @entity158 was lower in the VIS+wIRA group than in the LED group for PDT without spray cooling. @entity158 duration and severity assessed retrospectively were less with VIS+wIRA than with LED, irrespective of cooling. CONCLUSIONS: All treatments showed high efficacy with good cosmetic outcome and high @entity1 satisfaction. Efficacy of treatment was better without spray cooling. VIS+wIRA PDT was less @entity158 than LED PDT for PDT without spray cooling.

title: Photodynamic therapy of multiple actinic keratoses: reduced @entity158 through use of visible light plus water-filtered infrared A compared with light from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity19297 :: ('MESH:C475457', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl aminolaevulinate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['light-emitting diodes', 'LEDs']

answer: @entity3917 :: (MESH:D020795,Disease) :: ['light-emitting diodes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of non-coding transcripts in @entity1 , @entity19 , and @entity526 has revealed their widespread occurrence and functional importance in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic life. In prokaryotes, studies have shown that non-coding transcripts participate in a broad range of cellular functions like gene regulation, stress and virulence. However, very little is known about non-coding transcripts in @entity328 (pneumococcus), an obligate @entity1 respiratory pathogen responsible for significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Tiling microarrays enable genome wide mRNA profiling as well as identification of novel transcripts at a high-resolution. RESULTS: Here, we describe a high-resolution transcription map of the @entity2260 clinical isolate @entity21824 using genomic tiling arrays. Our results indicate that approximately 66% of the genome is expressed under our experimental conditions. We identified a total of 50 non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) from the intergenic regions, of which 36 had no predicted function. Half of the identified sRNA sequences were found to be unique to @entity2260 genome. We identified eight overrepresented sequence motifs among sRNA sequences that correspond to sRNAs in different functional categories. Tiling arrays also identified approximately 202 operon structures in the genome. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the pneumococcal operon structures and novel sRNAs identified in this study enhance our understanding of the complexity and extent of the pneumococcal 'expressed' genome. Furthermore, the results of this study open up new avenues of research for understanding the complex RNA regulatory network governing @entity2260 physiology and virulence.

title: Identification of novel non-coding small RNAs from XXXX using high-resolution genome tiling arrays.

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity21824 :: (170187,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze a series of @entity808 . METHODS: From 1987 to 2005, 19 @entity1 with @entity808 involving the cochlea were included in this series. Clinical, audiovestibular, and imaging data concerning initial and follow-up visits were collected. RESULTS: The mean age was 54 years (range, 25-71 yr). The series comprised 10 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 , 18 solitary @entity5 and 1 @entity8605 @entity1 . The mean diagnosis delay was 11 years (range, 1-31 yr). At diagnosis, a total or profound @entity393 (Class D of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery classification) was noted in 17 @entity1 (89%), and a severe loss (Class C) was reported in 2 @entity1 (11%). @entity3541 was reported in 2 @entity1 (11%; Grades 2 and 4 of House and Brackmann classification). Magnetic resonance imaging showed an involvement of the posterior labyrinth in 8 @entity1 (37%), an extension of the @entity808 to the internal auditory meatus in 8 @entity1 (37%), and a cerebellopontine angle extension in 7 @entity1 (32%). In 11 @entity1 (58%), the @entity808 was removed through a transotic route. In the 8 remaining @entity1 , a watch-and-rescan policy was decided. The postoperative course was uneventful. Postoperative follow-up period was 27 months (range, 6-88 mo). Postoperative facial function was assessed as Grade 1 in 7 @entity1 , as Grade 2 in 4, and as Grade 4 in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity808 can be difficult on magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis should be considered in all unilateral @entity393 .

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'schwannomas', 'intracochlear schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity8605 :: ('MESH:D016518', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis Type 2']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['Facial paresis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing losses']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['intracochlear schwannomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity416 is an oral chemotherapeutic agent, already used in breast and @entity694 . Previous data showed encouraging results in the treatment of recurrent @entity43 . The aim of this study was to describe activity and @entity137 of @entity416 in @entity1 with @entity902 resistant or refractory @entity43 . METHODS: @entity1 were eligible if they had cytologically or histologically proven @entity43 , refractory or resistant to prior @entity902 -containing chemotherapy. @entity416 was administered at the dose of 1,250 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle for a maximum of six cycles. The primary end point of the study was activity in terms of objective response rate in according to RECIST criteria. A two-stage minimax design for phase II studies was used: at least four objective responses had to be reached among 32 evaluable @entity1 to define the treatment active. RESULTS: Between March 2006 and October 2007, 36 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 had @entity43 and 83.3% had previously received two or three lines of chemotherapy. Thirty-two @entity1 were evaluable for response and included in the activity analysis. The objective response rate was 3.1% [95% exact confidence interval (CI): 0.08-16.22%], lower than the threshold required to define the treatment as active. The median progression free survival was 68 days (95% CI: 65-120). @entity137 was not frequent. @entity390 and @entity1295 were common, but never severe, and they were observed in 13 (37.1%) and 12 (34.2%) @entity1 , respectively. @entity294 occurred in 11 @entity1 (31.5%) and it was of grade 3 in 8.6% of cases. Grade 1-2 @entity3136 was observed in seven @entity1 (20%). @entity65 was reported in two cases, including a death for @entity1151 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity416 is not active in @entity902 resistant non mucinous @entity43 , producing a response rate lower than that required by study design. Further trials are not warranted in these @entity1 .

title: A phase II study of @entity416 in the treatment of @entity43 resistant or refractory to XXXX therapy: a multicentre Italian @entity43 (MITO-6) trial.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Haematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular toxicity']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: Bone marrow derived cells, especially B lymphocytes, have been shown to function as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APC's) both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, it is well established that immunoglobulins can function as potent tolerogenic carriers for associated epitopes. We have taken advantage of these properties to develop a gene therapy approach to induce unresponsiveness in a number of animal models for clinical diseases. In our system, we engineered target peptide-IgG constructs into retroviral vectors and transduced hematopoietic cells to create tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells. In this review, we discuss the strategies and mechanism of our gene therapy approach mediated by B cells, as well as by bone marrow cells, for tolerance acquisition in various @entity19 models for @entity792 and @entity447 . Our results show that MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules must be expressed on the tolerogenic antigen presenting cells for efficacy. This therapy requires regulatory T cells for both the induction and maintenance of tolerance. The putative role of epitopes provided by the IgG carrier in this process. Studies in non- @entity1 primates and with @entity1 T cell clones in vitro are in progress to transition this approach to the clinic. The use of stem cells and B cell-delivered gene therapy in @entity1 clinical diseases may soon become a reality.

title: Gene therapy for immunologic tolerance: using bone marrow-derived cells to treat @entity792 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia']


abstract: The newly developed radiotelemetry system offers a number of advantages for the measurement of blood pressure and heart rate in laboratory animals. However, no available statistical methods permit valid use of the many data gathered with this continuous recording of hemodynamic parameters. This study describes elaboration and testing of mathematical functions as applied to the measurement of the effects of drugs on blood pressure and heart rate in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . We used parametric functions analogous to those for pharmacokinetic studies. Curve fitting is in fact the only approach that provides reasonable estimates of hemodynamic kinetic constants. Nonlinear functions were assessed by analyzing telemetric hemodynamic effects induced by three @entity859 receptor agonists with different selectivity for the A1 or @entity19348 receptor. After acute administration in conscious @entity35 , the A1 agonist @entity11463 induced dose-related @entity551 (eg, 0.03 mg/kg; peak, -70 mm Hg; time to peak, 0.34 hour) and @entity1168 (eg, 0.03 mg/kg; peak, -186 beats per minute [bpm]; time to peak, 0.38 hour). The @entity19348 agonist @entity19349 induced dose-related @entity551 (eg, 0.003 mg/kg; peak, -36 mm Hg; time to peak, 0.32 hour) with reflex @entity591 (eg, 0.003 mg/kg; peak, 152 bpm; time to peak, 0.35 hour). The nonselective @entity859 agonist @entity19350 (0.1 mg/kg) induced @entity551 (peak, -75 mm Hg; time to peak, 2.2 hours) and @entity1168 followed by @entity591 (first peak, -131 bpm; time to peak, 1.26 hours; second peak, 123 bpm; time to peak, 13.9 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Modeling hemodynamic profiles by telemetry in the XXXX . A study with A1 and @entity19348 @entity859 agonists.

entities_list: @entity19350 :: ('MESH:D019830', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine"]

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity19349 :: ('MESH:C076864', 'Chemical') :: ["2-hexynyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine"]

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity11463 :: ('MESH:C058394', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Serotonergic implication in @entity4697 has been demonstrated by the efficacy of @entity750 reuptake blockers in treatment. @entity905 , a potent @entity750 reuptake blocker, has been suggested to have anti- @entity4697 efficacy. This open study examines 30 @entity1 (eight males and 22 females) with an average age of 36.9 years, ranging from 18 to 62, who were treated for eight weeks with @entity905 (mean dose 20 mg per day). All @entity1 fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria of @entity4697 with @entity8396 as determined in a @entity915 interview schedule. Out of 28 @entity1 who started medication, 64% of the @entity1 completed the clinical trial and 36% of the @entity1 dropped out of treatment because of increased @entity148 or a lack of efficacy. Thirty-two percent of the @entity1 had zero @entity4697 attacks by week 3. By the end of eight weeks of treatment, 48% of the @entity1 had zero @entity4697 attacks. There was a significant reduction in @entity148 and phobic avoidance and @entity4697 attacks. Tritiated platelet @entity2645 and @entity903 bindings revealed significantly lower maximal binding for @entity1 with @entity4697 in comparison with controls. @entity903 Bmax showed a trend to increase in the direction of control values by the end of the trial.

title: XXXX in @entity4697 : pharmacologic and tritiated platelet @entity2645 and @entity903 binding study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine', 'Paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['Fluoxetine']


abstract: @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) is a very strong pro-fibrotic factor which mediates its action, at least in part, through the expression of @entity12020 ( @entity12020 / @entity12020 ). Along with these cytokines, the involvement of phospholipids in wound healing and the development of @entity82 has been revealed. Among them, @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) is a novel, potent regulator of wound healing and @entity82 that has diverse effects on many types of cells. We decided to evaluate the effect of @entity4991 together with @entity2533 on @entity12020 expression. We found that myoblasts treated with @entity4991 and @entity2533 produced an additive effect on @entity12020 expression. In the absence of @entity2533 , the induction of @entity12020 expression by @entity4991 was abolished by a dominant negative form of the @entity2533 receptor type II (TGF-bRII) and by the use of @entity21795 , a specific inhibitor of the @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase activity of TGF-bRI, suggesting that @entity12020 induction is dependent on @entity4991 and requires active TGF- @entity4375 . Moreover, we show that @entity4991 requires Smad-2/3 proteins for the induction of @entity12020 expression, but not their phosphorylation or their nuclear translocation. The requirement of TGF-bRI for @entity4991 mediated-effects is differential, since treatment of myoblasts with @entity4991 in the presence of @entity21795 abolished the induction of stress fibers but not the induction of proliferation. Finally, we demonstrated that @entity12020 induction in response to @entity4991 requires the activation of @entity4675 , but not ERK, signaling pathways. The @entity4675 requirement is independent of TGF-bRI-mediated activity. These novel results for the mechanism of action of @entity4991 and @entity2533 are important for understanding the role of pro-fibrotic growth factors and phospholipids involved in wound healing and related diseases.

title: @entity12020 induction by XXXX requires transactivation of transforming growth factor type b receptors and the @entity4675 pathway.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor b', 'TGF-b', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity12020 :: ('1490', 'Gene') :: ['CCN2', 'connective tissue growth factor', 'CTGF']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']


abstract: The @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) is a new screw-plate system that offers the possibility of inserting conventional and locking head screws into the specially designed combination holes. It represents a further development of the PC-Fix and the LISS and was released for clinical application in March 2000. In a prospective multicentre study, the new system was used to treat 144 @entity1 (f: 67, m: 77; average age: 51.4 years) with 169 @entity174 : of these, 57 were @entity174 , 45 humerus, 19 radius and 18 femoral. After one year, clinical and radiological follow-up assessment was carried out on 127 @entity1 with 151 @entity174 (88%). In 130 @entity174 (86%), healing took place within the expected period and without complication or secondary dislocation ("uneventful healing"). In 19 @entity1 , a total of 27 unexpected complications occurred ("adverse events"), in which 18 revision operations were necessary in 13 @entity1 : five for implant loosening/pull-out, four for plate failure, one for non-union, five for secondary @entity174 immediately adjacent to the implant after a subsequent injury and two for @entity281 . Analysis by a committee of experts indicated that mechanical complications arose entirely from @entity2246 (incorrect fixation technique, incorrect choice of plate). No purely implant-related complications were observed. The new system can be regarded as technically mature. It offers numerous fixation possibilities and has proven its worth in complex @entity174 situations and in revision operations after the failure of other implants. A good knowledge of biomechanics is essential as well as precise preoperative planning.

title: First clinical results of the XXXX ( @entity2850 ).

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fractures']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['LCP', 'Locking Compression Plate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['technical errors of application']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['Locking Compression Plate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that @entity281 exacerbates @entity311 , but few existing epidemiological studies adequately control for infection heterogeneities and confounding factors. In this study, we investigate spatial and household heterogeneities, predictors, and consequences of Plasmodium species and @entity325 in rural communities in Uganda. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1770 individuals aged 0-88 years in 4 villages. We recorded demographic, socioeconomic, and microgeographic factors during household surveys. We determined @entity5895 and hemoglobin concentration and collected stool samples on 2 consecutive days. For data analysis, we used a hierarchical, spatially explicit Bayesian framework. RESULTS: Prevalence of Plasmodium- @entity325 was 15.5% overall and highest among school-aged @entity1 . We found strong evidence of spatial and household clustering of coinfection and an enduring positive association between Plasmodium-species and @entity5293 among preschool-aged @entity1 (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI], 1.26-4.30) and adults (OR, 2.09; 95% BCI, 1.35-3.16) but not among school-aged @entity1 . Coinfection was associated with lower hemoglobin level only among school-aged @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Plasmodium- @entity325 exhibits marked age dependency and significant spatial and household heterogeneity, and among preschool-aged @entity1 and adults, occurs more than would be expected by chance. Such heterogeneities provide insight into factors underlying observed patterns and the design of integrated control strategies.

title: Heterogeneities and consequences of Plasmodium species and XXXX : a population based study in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5293 :: ('MESH:D006725', 'Disease') :: ['hookworm infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['helminth infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['hookworm coinfection']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['malaria parasitemia']

answer: @entity325 :: (MESH:D060085,Disease) :: ['hookworm coinfection']


abstract: The rate of incidence and morphology of @entity3 in 284 @entity5274 from 148 @entity1 with primary @entity5 have been investigated. In 44 @entity1 @entity3 were discovered in inner organs, of which in 17 (11.5% @entity1 ) in 23 oviducts. In 10 of these @entity1 the @entity5274 were the only localization of @entity3 . Macroscopical alterations in the form of thickening and condensation, @entity5 nodules on the surface of the affected oviducts were discovered in 7 cases. In the remainder no macroscopical changes have been noted. There predominated lymphogenic @entity3 , in a smaller number of cases there were implantation and lymphogeno-implantation type @entity3 , localized mostly in the ampullary regions of the oviducts. More often, one could observe involvement by lymphogenic @entity3 of the subserosal layers together with muscular tissue, less frequently of mucosal layers, and total involvement of all layers of the wall of @entity5274 in the form of single or multicentric @entity5 nests, or diffuse @entity5 infiltration of tissues of the oviduct wall. Implantation @entity3 in the form of micronodules, multicellular agglomerates were discovered on the serosa more often than on the mucosa of @entity5274 . @entity189 differ from primary ones by their histological structure and character of growth. The @entity5274 play an essential role in the dissemination of @entity3 in the presence of primary uterine @entity189 .

title: Mechanism of development and morphology of secondary @entity189 of the oviducts in primary uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'uterine corpus cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary oviduct carcinomas', 'corpus carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Fallopian tubes']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['corpus carcinoma']


abstract: @entity135 is the eighth most common cause of @entity5 worldwide. Its incidence varies widely among different regions. In North America and the European Union, @entity135 accounts for 3% to 4% of all @entity5 diagnoses. Conversely, in Southeast Asia and Africa, @entity135 accounts for approximately 8% to 10% of all @entity5 . Although the incidence of @entity135 has decreased slightly from 1975 to 2002 in the United States, approximately 46,000 new cases are still expected in 2007 alone. Even if surgery and radiotherapy have remained the core therapy in @entity957 of the @entity135 ( @entity213 ). Radiotherapy following surgery was the standard approach to the treatment of locoregionally advanced (LA- @entity213 ) resectable disease. However, some recent developments highlighted the expanding role of chemotherapy, which is increasingly being incorporated in the management of @entity213 . Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy has shown benefits in randomized trials; in addition, chemotherapy is used by itself as palliative therapy for @entity1 with @entity3 . As our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in @entity5 development improves, we are better able to identify potential targets for biological therapy and to apply novel strategies to the preclinical study and clinical treatment of @entity135 . Current avenues of research, focusing on clinical studies evaluating antibody directed therapies and gene replacement strategies for @entity135 are discussed.

title: New perspectives in medical approach to therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers', 'Head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the important principles of opioid analgesia for @entity5 . DESIGN: We reviewed our personal experience and reports in the literature to characterize commonly prescribed high-potency opioids and their relative efficacy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The pharmacologic features of various opioids, selection of appropriate agents, titration of doses, routes of administration, conversions between drugs, and management of side effects are discussed. RESULTS: In general, the oral route is preferred because of ease of administration and good oral bioavailability of most opioids. In addition to the scheduled dosage of an opioid, extra "rescue" doses (5 to 10% of the total daily opioid dosage) should be available to the @entity1 for @entity158 . @entity1286 is the prototype strong opioid against which other drugs are compared. Common adverse effects of opioids are sedation, @entity390 , @entity1142 , @entity1576 , and @entity2045 . Although no "standard" dose of opioid exists, the goals are to achieve adequate control of @entity158 and to avoid major, unmanageable toxic effects. CONCLUSION: @entity158 is commonly associated with all stages of @entity5 . Despite its widespread occurrence, @entity5 is often inadequately managed because of poor assessment of @entity158 and physicians' misconceptions about use of opioids. The cause of the @entity158 should be carefully sought because it may yield important information about the underlying @entity5 . In most @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity5 , oral administration of the appropriate opioid will achieve effective analgesia.

title: Use of orally administered opioids for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related pain', 'malignant disease', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-related pain']


abstract: Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system in @entity295 has long been recognized, but its role, beneficial or pathologic, has not been defined. Recently, however, specific @entity1812 (BK) antagonists have become available and this study investigated the effects of a BK antagonist, @entity23164 (Scios-Nova) on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in a model of gram-negative @entity295 . Anesthetized @entity1707 were studied for 5 h receiving a 1-h infusion of saline (controls, group 1, N = 8) or live @entity796 (septic, group 2, N = 8). Group 3 (treatment, N = 6) received @entity23164 (5 mg/kg initial bolus followed by 1 mg/kg hourly) just prior to the onset of @entity295 . Group 2 animals showed a rapid decrease in systemic arterial pressure (SAP) from 30 min onward, and sustained significant @entity551 from 2 h onward. In group 3, SAP fell similarly until 2 h then progressively rose, returning to baseline levels by 5 h. In contrast, cardiac index fell progressively from 3 h onward in groups 2 and 3. Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) fell significantly by 2 h in group 2 animals, recovering to baseline by 5 h. Group 3 showed a similar initial fall followed by a rebound increase in SVRI, which, at 5 h was significantly raised above the other groups. Group 2 developed significant, persistent @entity120 which was not reduced by @entity23164 . The data imply a significant role for @entity1812 in the pathogenesis of @entity551 in @entity326 in this model. @entity326 was reversed by a BK antagonist which increased peripheral resistance without affecting cardiac output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Hemodynamic effects of XXXX antagonism in porcine gram-negative @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: In the present study, the effects of acupuncture on the behavioral and physiological responses induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) were evaluated. @entity35 were exposed to a variety of chronic unpredictable, mild stressors for 8 weeks. The effects of acupuncture on stress-induced @entity148 and @entity4270 were investigated using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and @entity969 intake test. In addition, @entity5019 expression, as an early neuronal marker in the brain was also examined utilizing @entity5019 -like immunohistochemistry (FLI). CMS @entity35 significantly reduced the consumption of @entity969 intake and latency in the open arms of the EPM, and gained body weight more slowly, compared to non-stressed normal @entity35 . Exposure to CMS also significantly increased FLI in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Acupuncture stimulation at point @entity16518 on the pericardium channels (3 min), but not at other point ( @entity18476 ), restored stress-induced decrease in the latency in the open arms and significantly attenuated FLI in the PVN produced by CMS. Acupuncture stimulation also tended to restore stress-induced decrease in the @entity969 intake. The present results demonstrated that acupuncture was effective in restoring CMS-related biochemical and @entity146 such as @entity148 and @entity4270 and that acupuncture point was more effective than non-acupuncture point. These results suggest that acupuncture has a therapeutic effect on chronic stress-related diseases such as @entity308 and @entity148 .

title: The effects of acupuncture stimulation at XXXX (Neiguan) on chronic mild stress-induced biochemical and behavioral responses.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impairments']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity16518 :: (116548(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PC6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Muscle strength and thickness were studied in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) to evaluate their muscle function. METHODS: We studied voluntary isometric, isokinetic, and nonvoluntary isometric muscle strength, as well as muscle thickness, in 20 @entity1 with @entity4932 . @entity121 was measured by ultrasound. Results were compared with reference values for healthy @entity1 and a matched control group. RESULTS: Isometric muscle strength in knee extensors, elbow flexors, and wrist dorsiflexors was reduced in @entity1 with @entity4932 . In muscles near an inflamed joint, the strength was 45-65% of expected value. In muscles without adjacent @entity625 , the strength was slightly decreased (80-90% of expected value). Isometric and isokinetic strength in ankle dorsiflexors was reduced only in @entity1 with @entity625 . Nonvoluntary muscle strength in thumb adductors during electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve was reduced in @entity1 with @entity625 in the hand. @entity121 was reduced both in @entity1 with and without knee @entity625 (75 and 90% of expected). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity4932 have reduced muscle strength and thickness, which is most pronounced in muscles near an inflamed joint.

title: Muscle function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Thickness of the quadriceps muscle']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'ankle arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis', 'JCA']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to follow the course of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) in first-trimester fetuses to predict the location of the small bowel. Its abnormal course aids in early detection of @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) and assessment of the contents of omphalocele. METHODS: The @entity6029 can be easily identified in a sagittal section of the fetus by using color Doppler sonography at the 11- to 14-week scan, and normally, it has a downward course caudally to supply the intestines. The course of the @entity6029 points to the location of the bowel. RESULTS: We report a series of 7 cases detected in first trimester with an abnormal course of the @entity6029 , 3 of which had @entity2914 and 4 of which had omphalocele. In @entity2914 , the intestines herniate into the thoracic cavity; hence, the @entity6029 tends to have an upward course toward the thorax. In 4 cases of omphalocele, the @entity6029 follows the exteriorized bowel into the base of the umbilical cord. CONCLUSIONS: Second-trimester sonography for detection of @entity600 is a standardized protocol, but a careful anatomic survey at the 11- to 14-week scan is often rewarding. When there is a suspicion of an intrathoracic mass or a mediastinal shift, the upturned course of @entity6029 serves as a valuable sign in confirmation of @entity2914 . @entity2008 are often reported in cases of omphalocele containing small bowel only, and the upward course of the @entity6029 toward the base of the cord helps in its early prenatal diagnosis, which facilitates early genetic assessment in these fetuses.

title: The Upturned Superior Mesenteric Artery Sign for First-Trimester Detection of XXXX and Omphalocele.

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has been shown to induce anti- @entity5 immune responses in @entity5 @entity1 , but so far its clinical efficacy is limited. Recent evidence supports an immunogenic effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pre-clinical data indicate that the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy may result in an enhanced anti- @entity5 activity. Most studies have focused on the immunogenic aspect of chemotherapy-induced cell death, but only few studies have investigated the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the effector lymphocytes of the immune system. METHODS: Here we investigated the effect of treatment with @entity901 and @entity416 on non-specific and specific DC vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. Stage III @entity694 @entity1 receiving standard adjuvant @entity901 / @entity416 chemotherapy were vaccinated at the same time with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and @entity787 ( @entity787 )-peptide pulsed DCs. RESULTS: In 4 out of 7 @entity1 , functional @entity787 -specific T-cell responses were found at @entity56 ( @entity56 ) skin testing. In addition, we observed an enhanced non-specific T-cell reactivity upon @entity901 administration. KLH-specific T-cell responses remained unaffected by the chemotherapy, whereas B-cell responses were diminished. CONCLUSION: The results strongly support further testing of the combined use of specific anti- @entity5 vaccination with @entity901 -based chemotherapy.

title: A pilot study on the immunogenicity of dendritic cell vaccination during adjuvant XXXX / @entity416 chemotherapy in @entity694 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed type hypersensitivity', 'DTH']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: A case of @entity166 in a @entity1 who had undergone trabeculectomy without @entity1487 is described. Chronic low-dose topical @entity230 were employed. Crystalline @entity2372 occurring in this setting has not been previously described. A 73-year-old @entity6 @entity1 presented with @entity4532 . These were cultured and treated with antibiotics based on the sensitivities. The cultures showed a nutritional variant of Streptococcus that was difficult to grow on routine culture plates. It was sensitive to @entity2176 . Resolution of the @entity281 occurred with topical treatment. @entity166 is a rare but classical @entity281 . The microbiological characteristics that give rise to its clinical appearance and laboratory characteristics are discussed. A rationale for diagnosis and treatment is suggested.

title: @entity166 following trabeculectomy and low-dose topical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity4532 :: ('MESH:C537431', 'Disease') :: ['feathery crystal-like corneal infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious crystalline keratopathy', 'infectious crystalline keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: Chitosan is a polycationic and biocompatible polysaccharide composed of @entity4823 and @entity3954 that is chemotactic for neutrophils and stimulates wound repair through mechanisms that remain unclear. It was previously shown that chitosan depletes complement proteins from plasma, suggesting that chitosan activates complement. Complement activation leads to cleavage of C5 to produce @entity2242 , a neutrophil chemotactic factor. Here, we tested the hypothesis that chitosan generates @entity2242 in @entity1 whole blood, citrated plasma, and serum. @entity2242 fragment appeared in coagulating whole blood, and mixtures of chitosan- @entity17864 /whole blood, in parallel with platelet and thrombin activation. However, in plasma and serum, thrombin and chitosan-GP failed to generate @entity2242 , although native @entity17865 adsorbed noncovalently to insoluble chitosan particles incubated in citrated plasma, serum, @entity1098 -serum and @entity8776 -treated plasma. By surface plasmon resonance, pure C3 adsorbed to chitosan. The profile of serum factors associating with chitosan was consistent with a model in which anionic blood proteins with a pI lower than the pK(0) 6.78 of chitosan (the upper limit of chitosan pK(a)) associate electrostatically with cationic chitosan particles. Zymosan, a @entity375 ghost particle, activated complement in serum and citrated plasma, but not in @entity1098 -serum or @entity8776 plasma, to generate fluid-phase @entity2242 , while C3b formed covalent cross-links with zymosan-associated proteins and became rapidly cleaved to iC3b, with factor Bb stably associated. These data demonstrate that chitosan is a nonreactive biomaterial that does not directly activate complement, and provide a novel basis for predicting anionic serum protein-chitosan interactions.

title: XXXX bind to chitosan without complement activation.

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity17864 :: ('CHEBI:26707', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methylamine']

answer: @entity17865 :: (9510,Gene) :: ['C3, C5, and factor B']


abstract: Lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) are cytolytic lymphocytes with the unique capacity of killing NK-resistant fresh @entity1 @entity5 cells in short-term assays. LAK appear to kill @entity5 as well as TNP-modified self and allogeneic @entity5 with complete crossreactivity, both at the population and clonal level. Initial studies on the classification of LAK conclude that LAK are distinct from the classical NK and T-lymphocyte systems based on a number of criteria including surface phenotype, activation conditions, and spectrum of susceptible target cells. LAK kill rasoncogene-transfected fibroblasts in a manner similar to fresh @entity5 . As yet, the target cell determinant responsible for susceptibility to LAK lysis is unknown, but cell-surface proteins are definitely involved. Activation of LAK requires only @entity1199 , and is most efficient using serum-free conditions. Because @entity1199 alone is sufficient for LAK activation, we have tested in vitro whether fresh PBL could be activated in the presence of @entity5 , as might be desired in vivo. LAK activation was greatly suppressed by @entity5 presence. LAK activation is also suppressed by @entity701 , but not @entity205 . Because of the above and other findings, we have initiated a clinical protocol to test whether LAK made from @entity1313 @entity1 ' PBL could eliminate residual @entity5 cells. Autochthonous LAK, plus @entity5041 to maintain lytic ability, are injected during surgery. Preclinical studies in a @entity35 @entity11 model have shown this approach to be safe. @entity11 @entity1 have been injected intracerebrally with @entity1199 and/or LAK with no immediate or long-term (14 months follow-up) adverse effects. Much work is needed to understand the LAK phenomenon and to resolve its potential usefulness in @entity5 therapy as well as its inherent biologic role.

title: XXXX lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells) as a potential immunotherapeutic modality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain-tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glioma tumor', 'autologous tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'Eleven glioma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A 30-yr-old @entity1 was found to have intractable @entity4053 associated with @entity694 metastatic to the liver. Analysis of @entity413 requirements before death revealed a level of @entity413 turnover in excess of 12.9 mg/kg X min, consistent with maximally stimulated whole body @entity413 utilization. This high level of @entity413 turnover was present at a time when plasma immunoreactive @entity2690 was very low. @entity2690 binding was measured in freshly isolated circulating mononuclear cells before death and in plasma membranes prepared from several tissues obtained at autopsy. A 3- to 5-fold increase in @entity8277 number was found in the mononuclear cells and liver and muscle plasma membranes. In contrast, skin fibroblasts maintained in tissue culture demonstrated no increase in @entity2690 binding, thus suggesting that the increase in @entity2690 receptors in freshly isolated tissues was acquired rather than intrinsic. Antibodies directed against the @entity8277 were not present. The patient's serum concentration of @entity2690 -like growth factor I was low, but the serum level of nonsuppressible @entity2690 -like protein was elevated. Serum bioassayable @entity2690 -like activity was decreased. Based on @entity5 bulk at autopsy and in vitro analysis of @entity413 transport by his @entity5 cells maintained in monolayer tissue culture, it was estimated that his @entity5 could directly account for less than one third of the whole body @entity413 requirement. These data suggest that the increased tissue utilization of @entity413 in this hypoglycemic @entity1 was caused by proliferation of @entity2690 receptors in liver and muscle induced by his nonislet cell @entity5 through an unknown humoral mechanism(s).

title: @entity8277 proliferation: a mechanism for XXXX -associated @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of palmar @entity1119 with botulinum toxin (BTX) requires effective anesthesia, but previous methods have not provided enough @entity158 relief or have resulted in a prolonged @entity73 . OBJECTIVE: This is a study of bilateral forearm intravenous regional anesthesia using @entity5403 for BTX treatment of palmar @entity1119 . METHODS: In all, 166 @entity1 (100 female and 66 male) were treated bilaterally with intracutaneous BTX type A injections using intravenous regional anesthesia with @entity5403 (5 mg/mL). In a subgroup of @entity1 , forearm nerves were studied with neurophysiologic methods and blood concentrations of @entity5403 were measured. @entity158 evaluation with a visual analog scale was accompanied with a questionnaire about the treatment. RESULTS: In all, 95% of the @entity1 answering the questionnaire (response rate 89%) were satisfied with the anesthetic effect. No serious adverse events occurred. There was a fast recovery of motor function (in median 6 minutes) and sensory function (in median 20 minutes). No subclinical signs of @entity16 were found. LIMITATIONS: Recall and reporting bias are potential sources of limitations in this study. CONCLUSION: Bilateral forearm intravenous regional anesthesia provides an effective and well-tolerated anesthesia during BTX treatment of palmar @entity1119 .

title: Bilateral forearm intravenous regional anesthesia with XXXX for botulinum toxin treatment of palmar @entity1119 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired hand function']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

answer: @entity5403 :: (MESH:D011318,Chemical) :: ['prilocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of antibiotics in treating @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) in primary health centers in Kuwait and investigate the extent to which antibiotic use follows international guidelines. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 615 @entity1 selected by using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Of these, 270 @entity1 had URTI and were included in the analysis. Data collection was done by observing the whole process starting from @entity1 presentation and history taking to final diagnosis and treatment by the physicians. RESULTS: Our study showed that about 135 (50%) of the @entity1 with @entity1729 were given antibiotics, of which only 8 (6%) could be justified according to the NICE guidelines. However, prescriptions for 132 (98%) @entity1 who were not given antibiotics could also be considered as evidence-based. @entity1 presenting with symptoms such as fever (OR = 2.7; p < 0.001) and sore throat (OR = 1.9; p < 0.01) were more likely be given antibiotics than those presenting without such symptoms. Furthermore, @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5389 (OR = 25; p < 0.002), @entity2346 media (OR = 9; p < 0.004), common cold (OR = 3; p < 0.049) or @entity7551 (OR = 2.7; p < 0.003) were more likely be given an antibiotic treatment as well. We also found that non-Kuwaitis were prescribed antibiotics more often than Kuwaitis (OR = 2.0; p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: This study showed a very high percentage of non-evidence-based prescriptions of antibiotics in Kuwait, and should be of great public health concern. Although overuse of antibiotics in primary care settings has been well reported from around the world, our finding of non-evidence-based use at 94% is of great public health concern since this may be linked primarily to the lack of evidence-based practice in Kuwait.

title: Evidence-based practice in the use of antibiotics for XXXX in primary health centers in Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections', 'URTIs']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: The @entity6987 gene coding for @entity3397 acylase ( @entity6987 ) in @entity526 ATCC11105 was cloned, and its complete @entity377 sequence including 5'- and 3'-flanking regions was determined. Two nonidentical subunits that constitute an active @entity6987 enzyme complex are known to be formed by processing of a common precursor molecule [B  ck et al., FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 20 (1983) 141-144]. This novel type of protein processing was confirmed by a @entity377 sequencing study together with @entity535 sequencing of two @entity6987 subunits. In addition, it was found that the initiation codon, AUG, is preceded by an authentic ribosome-binding site, a consensus promoter sequence and putative @entity268 receptor protein (CRP)-binding sites, and that the termination codon, UAA, is followed by a putative transcriptional terminator. The promoter function was confirmed by galactokinase assay using galK fusion plasmids. A recombinant plasmid was constructed to overproduce the enzyme using @entity5999 pL promoter. Unexpectedly, thermal induction led to accumulation of the 94-kDa polypeptide rather than active @entity6987 in large amounts. Western immunoblot analysis showed that this large polypeptide is the real precursor of @entity6987 . It is evident, therefore, that the synthesis of active @entity6987 in @entity526 is affected by growth temperature and that the precursor processing step(s) is temperature-sensitive.

title: Complete XXXX sequence of the @entity3397 acylase gene and the flanking regions, and its expression in @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: The extent of tau phosphorylation is thought to regulate the binding of tau to microtubules: Highly phosphorylated tau does not bind to tubules, whereas dephosphorylated tau can bind to microtubules. It is interesting that the extent of tau phosphorylation in vivo has not been accurately determined. Tau was rapidly isolated from @entity1 temporal neocortex and hippocampus, @entity2608 temporal neocortex, and @entity35 temporal neocortex and hippocampus under conditions that minimized dephosphorylation. In brain slices, we observed that tau isolated under such conditions largely existed in several phosphorylated states, including a pool that was highly phosphorylated; this was determined using epitope-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. This highly phosphorylated tau was dephosphorylated during a 120-min time course in vitro, presumably as a result of neuronal phosphatase activity. The @entity73 forms of tau were shifted to faster-mobility forms following in vitro incubation with alkaline phosphatase. Laser densitometry was used to estimate the percent of tau in @entity73 , highly phosphorylated forms. Approximately 25% of immunoreactive tau was present as @entity73 (66- and 68-kDa) forms of tau. The percentage of immunoreactive tau in faster-mobility pools (42-54 kDa) increased in proportion to the decrease in content of 66-68-kDa tau as a function of neuronal phosphatases or alkaline phosphatase treatment. These data suggest that the turnover of phosphorylated sites on tau is rapid and depends on neuronal phosphatases. Furthermore, tau is highly phosphorylated in normal-appearing @entity1 , primate, and rodent brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tau phosphorylation in XXXX , primate, and @entity35 brain: evidence that a pool of tau is highly phosphorylated in vivo and is rapidly dephosphorylated in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow-mobility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the result of surgery for @entity5 with @entity715 in the supra-diaphragmatic @entity6323 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Five @entity1 with @entity16663 and three with phaeochromocytoma were reviewed. All the thrombi were removed through a right thoracophrenolaparotomy in the fifth intercostal space, with clamping of the intrathoracic portion of the inferior vena cava, with no cardiopulmonary bypass. In the first two cases the thrombi were removed in a second surgical procedure after resecting the @entity5 . In the other six the complete procedure was done in one surgical stage. RESULTS: There were no surgery-related @entity204 . The major complications after surgery were @entity891 , @entity810 , a large retroperitoneal collection, @entity1150 and @entity1151 , each in one @entity1 . Of the five @entity1 with @entity16663 one is still alive after 15 years with no evidence of disease, one is alive with pulmonary metastases 15 months after surgery and the other three died from @entity66 after 5, 12 and 15 months. Of the three @entity1 with phaeochromocytoma, two show no evidence of the disease 2.5 and 11 years later and one died from @entity583 , with no evidence of the disease, 9 years later. CONCLUSION: Thrombi from @entity5 in the supra-diaphragmatic @entity6323 may be removed with no need for cardiopulmonary bypass and @entity1167 , thus avoiding the associated morbidity and high cost.

title: Surgery for XXXX with @entity715 in the supra-diaphragmatic @entity6323 , with no cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'adrenal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal cortex carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['infra-atrial inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adrenal tumours']


abstract: The @entity1032 often need concomitant antiepileptic and neuroleptic drug treatment. High doses of neuroleptic drugs may provoke @entity410 . Antiepileptic drugs may aggravate behavioural problems. The mutual influence of neuroleptic and antiepileptic drug treatment and the effect of @entity410 control were studied in 20 @entity1032 @entity1 between 1980 and 1989. The treatment was tailored individually, aiming at the lowest effective dose. @entity2049 was preferred to @entity109 and @entity3174 . The mean @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) of neuroleptics and antiepileptics was reduced by 64% and 5%, respectively. Changing the mean @entity2794 of neuroleptics neither correlated significantly with @entity410 activity nor with the change of the mean @entity2794 of the antiepileptics. Evidently, @entity410 control may be improved by small neuroleptic doses in some @entity1 . In one @entity1 , however, a @entity159 was associated with the introduction of neuroleptics. The assumption that @entity2049 has a beneficial effect on behavioural problems was not supported. Apparently, changing the regime of antiepileptics contributed to less neuroleptic requirements, possibly through reduced side-effects and/or improved @entity410 control. When combining neuroleptics and antiepileptics, interactions should always be considered. The epileptogenic effect of small to standard doses of neuroleptic drugs should, however, not be overemphasized.

title: Neuroleptic and antiepileptic treatment in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['defined daily dose', 'DDD']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['non-convulsive status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mentally retarded']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors explore the antecedents, symptom progression, and long-term outcome of @entity1 diagnosed as having the @entity51 , a putative domain of psychopathology and subtype of @entity161 defined by Carpenter's group. METHOD: @entity1 from the Chestnut Lodge Follow-Up Study were retrospectively rediagnosed as having deficit (N = 46) or nondeficit (N = 141) forms of @entity161 by using the criteria of Carpenter's group. @entity1 with deficit and nondeficit forms of @entity161 were compared in relation to symptom progression between first and index admission, natural history and @entity221 , and long-term outcome assessed at follow-up a mean of 19 years after index admission. RESULTS: 1) Significantly fewer @entity1 with the deficit form of @entity161 were married before @entity221 onset, but few other differences between @entity1 with deficit and nondeficit @entity161 emerged. 2) Illness onset was often insidious for @entity1 with the @entity51 ; once established, the @entity221 was nearly always continuous with few remissions, and its course appeared unreactive to life events. 3) Negative symptoms among @entity1 with the @entity51 were often present at @entity221 onset and progressed in severity over the first 5 years of @entity221 ; thought disorder and bizarre behavior also increased in severity over time. 4) Once established, the @entity51 was highly stable. 5) The @entity51 was associated with a very high risk of poor outcome and long-term disability. 6) None of the @entity1 with the @entity51 were known to have committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS: The data support the validity of the @entity51 as a subtype of @entity161 with a relatively distinct natural history.

title: Antecedents, symptom progression, and long-term outcome of the @entity51 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit syndrome']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness', 'illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity385 is a frequent pathology with high rate of recurrence and significant morbidity and mortality. There are several causes of @entity64 , affecting prognosis, outcomes, and management, but in many cases, the etiology remains undetermined. We hypothesized that @entity955 was involved in this pathology but underdiagnosed by standard methods. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of @entity955 in cryptogenic @entity385 by using continuous monitoring of the heart rate over several months. The secondary objective was to test the value of atrial vulnerability assessment in predicting spontaneous @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively enrolled 24 @entity1 under 75 years of age, 15 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 of mean age 49 years, who within the last 4 months had experienced cryptogenic @entity64 diagnosed by clinical presentation and brain imaging and presumed to be of cardioembolic mechanism. All causes of @entity64 were excluded by normal 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring, echocardiography, cervical Doppler, hematological, and inflammatory tests. All @entity1 underwent electrophysiological study. Of the @entity1 , 37.5% had latent atrial vulnerability, and 33.3% had inducible sustained @entity943 . @entity1 were secondarily implanted with an implantable loop recorder to look for spontaneous @entity955 over a mean follow-up interval of 14.5 months. No sustained @entity943 was found. Only one @entity1 had non-significant episodes of @entity955 . CONCLUSION: In this study, symptomatic @entity955 or AF with fast ventricular rate has not been demonstrated by the implantable loop recorder in @entity1 under 75 years with unexplained @entity2806 . The use of this device should not be generalized in the systematic evaluation of these @entity1 . In addition, this study attests that the assessment of atrial vulnerability is poor at predicting spontaneous @entity943 in such @entity1 .

title: Unexpected low prevalence of @entity955 in cryptogenic XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To compare the effectiveness and safety of @entity968 with and without electrolytes (EL) over a 12 week period in treatment of chronic @entity1142 in paediatrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an observational, prospective, longitudinal, parallel group study, including 62 @entity1 with chronic @entity1142 according to @entity3354 and a history of @entity3355 . The @entity1 were divided into groups, one group of 30 received @entity968 without EL ( @entity970 ) and 32 @entity970 with EL ( @entity970 +EL) for at least 12 weeks. The main outcomes were the number of bowel movements at 6 and 12 weeks, and the presence of electrolyte disturbances at 6 weeks. RESULTS: The mean weekly stool frequencies were similar in both groups at 6 and 12 weeks, with 5.4 and 4.6 stools per week in the @entity970 +EL and @entity970 groups, respectively at 12 weeks. After 6 weeks of treatment, 83% (25 of 30) of the @entity970 group had at least one electrolyte disturbance compared with 56% (18 of 32) in the @entity970 +EL group (P=.02). Hyponatraemia was found in 15% (5 of 32) vs. 36% (11 of 30) of @entity970 +EL and @entity970 groups, respectively (P=.05). None of the @entity854 were clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity970 formulations with or without EL have a quite similar effectiveness, safety and acceptability. @entity970 without EL produced more electrolyte abnormalities, but none of them were symptomatic.

title: [Comparison of the effectiveness and safety of @entity968 with and without electrolytes in the treatment of chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['faecal impaction']

entities_list: @entity3354 :: ('MESH:C565336', 'Disease') :: ['ROME III criteria']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1814 ( @entity5688 )-related @entity56 ( @entity56 ) trigger adverse clinical events. Prediction and prevention of @entity5688 - @entity56 are thus essential to minimize the risk and maximize the benefit of @entity5688 therapy. However, the incidence of @entity5688 - @entity56 and the associated risk factors remain unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively examined @entity1 who received @entity5688 monotherapy between April 2011 and July 2015 in Nagoya University Hospital. @entity56 severity was defined according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4 (CTCAE ver.4). Risk factors for @entity5688 - @entity56 were determined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 111 @entity1 who received @entity5688 monotherapy, 90 (81%) were female; median age was 59  years (range, 29-78  years). Eighty-eight @entity1 had gynecological @entity5 and 20 suffered from @entity135 . Eight of 111 @entity1 (7.2%) experienced @entity5688 - @entity56 , six of which developed in the second @entity5688 cycle. However, all @entity1 with @entity5688 - @entity56 were treated with @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) for more than three cycles. Grade 3 and 4 @entity56 developed in 2 @entity1 . @entity5688 - @entity56 were significantly associated with a history of @entity3003 - @entity56 (odds ratio 37.5, 95% confidence interval 5.38-262, p  <  0.001) and with the interval between @entity5688 administration and the previous @entity902 treatment (odds ratio 13.9, 95% confidence interval 1.23-158, p  =  0.034). CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity5688 - @entity56 increases in @entity1 with a history of @entity3003 - @entity56 and in those administered @entity5688 for more than 6  months after previous @entity902 treatment. Such individuals must be closely monitored if given @entity5688 , even if they are expected to benefit from the treatment.

title: Incidence of and risk factors associated with @entity1814 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['CBDCA', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['HSRs', 'hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['Nedaplatin']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']


abstract: One hundred and fourty episodes of @entity1407 @entity1 seen at Songklanagarind Hospital during a period of two years were reviewed to determine factors related to mortality. One hundred episodes (70.4%) of @entity295 were hospital-acquired in which 98 (69%) were caused by gram negative bacilli, with Pseudomonas being the most common agent. Thirty episodes were from gram-positive cocci and eight were from polymicrobial infections. The remainder were caused by Candida species. The overall case-fatality rate was 28.6%. Using a logistic regression model, appropriateness of antibiotic use and host status (being newborn or a compromised host compared to a normal host), but not @entity1398 and acquisition of @entity281 were the only statistically significant risk factors. The exact odds ratio of inappropriate use of antibiotic adjusted for host status was 13.6 (95% confidence limits = 5.7-32.3). Percentages of inappropriate usage among the premature and full term newborn, compromised host and normal were 50, 11, 28 and 24, respectively. Inappropriate antibiotic use was the major cause of case-fatality in the study population. It was more common among the premature newborn and compromised hosts.

title: Factor influencing case-fatality rate of @entity1407 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1407 :: ('MESH:D010930', 'Disease') :: ['septicemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of a novel Stealth liposomal encapsulated formulation of @entity632 ( @entity632 ). A Phase I/II dose escalation study was carried out in a specialist @entity645 oncology unit in a teaching hospital (predominantly in an outpatient department). Fifteen @entity1 with @entity645 related, biopsy confirmed, cutaneous @entity2826 , with or without visceral involvement of sufficient severity to require systemic chemotherapy, were treated. Most @entity1 had poor prognosis disease as assessed by the @entity5 /Immune status/Systemic symptoms (TIS) system and Karnofsky indices; six @entity1 had previously received combination chemotherapy. Primary treatment consisted of a dose of @entity632 10 mg/m2, repeated after 2 weeks. If the @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ) responded and the treatment was tolerated, the @entity1 began maintenance therapy at the same dose every 2 weeks. If there was no clinical response, the dose was increased to 20 mg/m2 for the further two cycles, before proceeding to maintenance therapy. Treatment continued until other intercurrent disease, lack of further response, @entity1 preference, or @entity137 precluded further treatment. @entity5 response was assessed 2 weeks after completion of at least two cycles of chemotherapy. @entity137 was assessed for each cycle. @entity632 was well tolerated, and @entity137 was manageable, the principal @entity137 being haematological. A partial response rate of 11/15 (73%) was achieved, with disease stabilization in the remaining @entity1 . We conclude that @entity632 is an effective palliative treatment for @entity2826 in a @entity1 group with a poor predicted outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Liposomal @entity632 ( XXXX ): an effective new treatment for @entity2826 in AIDS.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxil']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", 'epidemic KS', 'KS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxil']


abstract: The present study was performed in Vila Itoupava, an area of the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, in which a tick-borne spotted @entity221 has been endemic since 2003. Notably, both the etiological agent and the vector of these spotted @entity221 cases remain unknown. During January 2011, @entity1 , domestic @entity235 , and their ticks were sampled in households that are typically surrounded by highly preserved Atlantic rainforest fragments. Ticks collected from @entity235 were Amblyomma ovale (34% prevalence), Amblyomma aureolatum (18.9%), and @entity278 (3.8%). A total of 7.8% (6/77) A. ovale and 9.3% (4/43) A. aureolatum were infected by @entity15286 sp. strain Atlantic rainforest, a @entity15286 -like agent recently shown to cause spotted @entity221 in southeastern Brazil. Overall, 67.3% (35/52) of the @entity235 were seroreactive to spotted @entity221 group rickettsiae, mostly with highest endpoint titers to @entity15286 . Among @entity1 , 46.7% (7/15) reacted serologically to rickettsiae at low to moderate endpoint titers. Because @entity235 seroreactivity to @entity15286 was strongly associated with frequent contact with forests (the preferred habitat for A. ovale and A. aureolatum), it is concluded that sampled @entity235 have been infected by strain Atlantic rainforest through the parasitism of these tick species. The present study provides epidemiological evidence that the spotted @entity221 in the study area has been caused by @entity15286 sp. strain Atlantic rainforest, transmitted to @entity1 by either A. ovale or A. aureolatum. Further studies encompassing direct diagnostic methods on clinical specimens from @entity1 are needed to confirm the above epidemiological evidence.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX sp. strain Atlantic rainforest in a spotted @entity221 -endemic area of southern Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15286 :: ('35792', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia parkeri', 'Rickettsia', 'R. parkeri']

entities_list: @entity278 :: ('34632', 'Species') :: ['Rhipicephalus sanguineus']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever illness', 'fever']

answer: @entity15286 :: (35792,Species) :: ['Rickettsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the history, clinical symptoms, imaging and histology of a rare distinct @entity7492 . METHODS: 12 @entity1 (5 female, 7 male; aged 18 months - 26 years) diagnosed as non-involuting @entity2695 were retrospectively analyzed. The history, imaging, histologic examination and the treatment were collected. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 had only one lesion which was round or ovoid, flat or plaque-like. The average size was about 5 cm x 6 cm. The overlying skin was usually had coarse @entity8721 with central or peripheral pallor. The skin has a high skin temperature. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography findings were similar to those of common @entity7492 . Histologic examination revealed lobular collections of small, thin-walled vessels with a large, often stellate, central vessel. "Hobnailed" endothelial cells lined along the intralobular vessels. Small arteries were observed "shunting" directly into lobular vessels or into abnormal extralobular veins. All lesions were easily excised without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Non-involuting @entity2695 is a distinct @entity5 . It should be diagnose early and treated appropriately.

title: [Non-involuting XXXX : a study for diagnosis and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infantile vascular tumor']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['congenital hemangioma']


abstract: In Peninsular Malaysia, only @entity10065 and @entity2757 are reported to cause @entity1 @entity6565 . @entity281 many of the same animal hosts as the zoonotically transmitted subperiodic @entity2757 . There is a well-recognized need for improved diagnostic techniques for @entity3754 . Parasite antigen detection is a promising new approach, and it will probably prove to be more sensitive and specific than clinical, microscopic and antibody-based serological methods. We recently generated monoclonal antibodies (MAb XC3) from in vitro culture products of adult B. pahangi (B.p. IVP). Filarial antigenemia was quantitated in various hosts including the sera from 6 Malaysian Aborigines with acute @entity3754 . In hosts infected with @entity6565 and dirofilariasis, antigenemia was scored ranging from 90 ng/ml to 960 ng/ml. None of the control animal and @entity1 sera had antigenemia above 90 ng/ml. In addition, MAb XC3 and B.p. IVP were applied in several seroepidemiological surveys among household @entity468 in Kuala Selangor in order to correlate information gathered for future studies of possible cases of @entity1 @entity281 . Out of the 81 @entity468 surveyed, 10 (12.35%) and 5 (6.17%) were parasitologically positive for B. pahangi and @entity2757 , respectively. However, 21 (25.92%) were antigenemia positive when serologically investigated with MAb XC3. Antifilarial antibodies to B.p. IVP by direct ELISA showed very high cross-reactivity with non-filarial gut worm infections. 16 (19.75%) @entity468 had reciprocal titers ranging from 320 to 2,560. Only 1 (1.23%) cat from this group was antigenemic.

title: Detection of circulating antigens and parasite specific antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis', 'brugian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity2757 :: ('6279', 'Species') :: ['Brugia malayi', 'B. malayi']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Brugia pahangi infects', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['filariasis']


abstract: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was carried out in 28 @entity1 with an undiagnosed @entity1143 . In four @entity1 , the diagnosis was made by this examination. Three @entity1 had @entity153 , and one had @entity378 . None of these four @entity1 had roentgenographic evidence of @entity358 , @entity891 , or mass lesions. Pleuroscopic examination was performed in 14 @entity1 with the fiberoptic bronchoscope. The diagnosis was made in three. Prior nondiagnostic blind needle biopsy had been carried out in 11 @entity1 and in all three diagnosed by pleuroscopy. Two @entity1 had @entity189 of the @entity3254 . Of 12 @entity1 with effusions and positive Mantoux tests who had no other evidence of @entity378 , none had clinical evidence of the disease during the period of follow-up. We conclude that bronchoscopic and pleuroscopic examination is of value in the work-up of @entity1 with undiagnosed @entity1143 without roentgenographic evidence of @entity66 or @entity891 .

title: The diagnosis of XXXX by fiberoptic bronchoscopy and pleuroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['pleural and one tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An organized, population-based, @entity14 screening programme was initiated in England in 2006 offering biennial faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) to adults aged 60-69 years. Organized screening programmes with no associated financial costs to the individual should minimize barriers to access for lower socio-economic status (SES) groups. However, SES differences in uptake were observed in the pilot centres of the UK programme, so the aim of this analysis was to identify the extent of inequalities in uptake by SES, ethnic diversity, gender and age in the first 28 months of the programme. Design Cross-sectional analysis of @entity14 screening uptake data. METHODS: Between October 2006 and January 2009, over 2.6 million adults aged 60-69 years were mailed a first FOBT kit by the five regional screening hubs. Uptake was defined as return of a test kit within 13 weeks. We used multivariate generalized linear regression to examine variation by area-based socioeconomic deprivation, area-based ethnicity, gender and age. RESULTS: Uptake was 54%, but showed a gradient across quintiles of deprivation, ranging from 35% in the most deprived quintile to 61% in the least deprived. Multivariate analyses confirmed an independent effect of deprivation, with stronger effects in @entity1 and older @entity1 . The most ethnically diverse areas also had lower uptake (38%) than other areas (52-58%) independent of SES, age, gender and regional screening hub. Ethnic disparities were more pronounced in @entity1 but equivalent across age groups. More @entity1 than @entity1 returned a kit (56 vs 51%), but there was also an interaction with age, with uptake increasing with age in @entity1 (49% at 60-64 years; 53% at 65-69 years) but not @entity1 (57 vs 56%). CONCLUSIONS: Overall uptake rates in this organized screening programme were encouraging, but nonetheless there was low uptake in the most ethnically diverse areas and a striking gradient by SES. Action to promote equality of uptake is needed to avoid widening inequalities in @entity5 mortality.

title: Inequalities in participation in an organized national XXXX screening programme: results from the first 2.6 million invitations in England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity3125 that are produced following the breakdown of @entity1068 ( @entity3094 ) and lipid peroxidation of membranes ( @entity1234 ) have been shown to bind (adduct) proteins. Additionally, these two @entity3125 can combine ( @entity11596 ) on nonsyngeneic and syngeneic proteins to initiate numerous immune responses to the unmodified part of the protein in the absence of an adjuvant. Therefore, these studies provide a potential mechanism for the development of antigen-specific immune responses resulting in @entity409 should syngeneic liver proteins be adducted with @entity11596 . METHODS: This study sought to test whether @entity11596 -modified syngeneic liver cytosolic proteins administered daily in the absence of adjuvant into C57BL/6 @entity19 abrogates tolerance to initiate a @entity11596 -induced @entity99 . RESULTS: In @entity19 immunized with @entity11596 -modified cytosols, there was an increase in @entity409 as assessed by @entity5906 aminotransferase/ @entity3929 aminotransferase levels that correlated with liver pathology scores and the presence of the pro-fibrotic factors, smooth muscle actin, @entity641 , and collagen. IgG antibodies and T-cell proliferative responses specific for cytosolic proteins were also detected. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were produced in the livers of animals exposed to @entity11596 -modified cytosols. Finally, transfer of immunized T cells to na  ve animals caused biochemical and histological evidence of @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that a disease with an autoimmune-like pathophysiology can be generated in this animal model using soluble @entity11596 -modified syngeneic liver cytosols as the immunogen. These studies provide insight into potential mechanism(s) that the metabolites of @entity285 may play in contributing to the onset of an @entity792 in @entity1 with @entity5881 .

title: Autoimmune hepatitis induced by syngeneic liver cytosolic proteins biotransformed by XXXX metabolites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldehydes', 'aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune-like disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune-like hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']