abstract: @entity1838 O139 emerged in 1992 as a major cause of @entity3081 . However, the incidence of disease due to this new serogroup subsequently decreased for almost a decade. In April 2002, there was a dramatic resurgence of @entity1838 O139 in Bangladesh. We compared the phenotypic properties of the bacterial isolates and the immunological responses in @entity1 with disease due to @entity1838 O139 during the 2002 epidemic with those dating to the emergence of this disease in 1993 to 1995. Strains isolated from @entity1 in the two time periods were compared with respect to capsular polysaccharide, their resistance to the bactericidal effect of serum, and their capacity to be used as target strains in complement-mediated vibriocidal assays. Phase-contrast microscopy showed that strains isolated in 2002 had less capsular material than those isolated from 1993 to 1995 (P = <0.001), a finding confirmed by electron microscopic studies. Strains isolated in 2002 were more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of serum compared to strains from 1993 to 1995 (P = 0.013). Compared to results using a standard O139 strain, a modified vibriocidal assay utilizing a 2002 strain, CIRS 134, as the target organism detected higher vibriocidal responses in both @entity281 @entity3081 @entity1 as well as O139 vaccine recipients. The vibriocidal assay utilizing the less encapsulated 2002 strain, CIRS 134, is a more sensitive indicator of adaptive immune responses to recent infection with @entity1838 O139. Consequently, this assay may be useful in studies of both @entity281 @entity1 and recipients of O139 vaccines.

title: Reduction in capsular content and enhanced bacterial susceptibility to serum killing of @entity1838 O139 associated with the 2002 XXXX in Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity3081 :: ('MESH:D002771', 'Disease') :: ['cholera', 'epidemic cholera']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['cholera epidemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no effective orally administered medication for any @entity281 . We investigated @entity14219 , which can be taken orally, for the treatment of @entity234 . @entity14219 is a @entity2945 analogue that affects cell-signaling pathways and membrane synthesis. METHODS: The study was an open-label, multicenter, phase 2 trial in which four 30- @entity1 cohorts received 50, 100, or 150 mg of @entity14219 per day for four or six weeks. The 120 @entity1 , who ranged in age from 12 to 50 years, had @entity448 , @entity221 , and @entity381 with at least moderate (2+) leishmania in a splenic aspirate. A parasitologic cure was defined by the absence of parasites in a splenic aspirate obtained two weeks after completion of treatment. The clinical response was assessed at six months. RESULTS: In all 120 @entity1 there was an initial parasitologic cure. Six @entity1 had clinical and parasitologic relapses; the remaining 114 @entity1 had not relapsed by six months after treatment, for a cure rate of 95 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 89 to 98 percent). With the regimen of 100 mg of @entity14219 per day (approximately 2.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) for four weeks, 29 of 30 @entity1 (97 percent) were cured. Gastrointestinal side effects were frequent (occurring in 62 percent of @entity1 ) but mild to moderate in severity, and no @entity1 discontinued therapy because of gastrointestinal side effects. In two @entity1 , treatment was discontinued because of elevated levels of @entity492 aminotransferase or @entity1011 ; in both @entity1 the levels rapidly returned to normal. In 12 other @entity1 , the level of @entity492 aminotransferase increased to 100 to 150 U per liter during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Orally administered @entity14219 appears to be an effective treatment for @entity234 .

title: XXXX , an oral agent, for the treatment of @entity234 .

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['Miltefosine', 'miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['Indian visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['leishmania infection']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

answer: @entity14219 :: (MESH:C039128,Chemical) :: ['Miltefosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: One European multicenter study has reported favorable outcomes after ossicular reconstruction with the @entity702 Kurz prosthesis. At the time of this study, however, no study has analyzed its outcomes when used for reconstruction after prior failure with another implant (revision reconstruction). The study reports our experience with the @entity702 Kurz prosthesis for revision ossicular reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was made of all revision ossicular reconstructions at our institution from October 1998 to September 2001. METHODS: Seventeen cases were reviewed. @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity1 who underwent revision ossicular reconstruction with the Kurz prosthesis and @entity1 who underwent revision ossicular reconstruction with another prosthesis (the "other" group). Audiograms were reviewed and air-bone gaps were calculated for each @entity1 . RESULTS: The average postoperative air-bone gap after Kurz revision was 15.6 dB, a statistically significant improvement over the average postoperative air-bone gap from the "other" revision group (P =.022). CONCLUSION: The @entity702 Kurz prosthesis has been an effective implant at our institution for revision ossicular reconstruction. Future research should focus on a prospective, randomized trial comparing the Kurz prosthesis with other prostheses currently in use.

title: Revision ossicular reconstruction with the XXXX Kurz prosthesis.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that, despite an increasing availability of @entity231 surgery, important socioeconomic barriers exist in the acceptance of surgery in many rural areas of south Asia. Nepal has developed a comprehensive national network of eye hospitals but the surgical coverage for the treatment of @entity231 blind is still low. AIMS: To determine the utilisation of @entity231 surgery and the level of physical and @entity73 and the socioeconomic barriers to surgery in a group of non-acceptors of surgery. METHODS: Of 319 @entity231 @entity1 identified in a field screening 96 non-acceptors of surgery were interviewed 1 year after an offer to undergo surgery. The interview included questions on visual function, quality of life, and socioeconomic variables on acceptance of @entity231 surgery. The quality of life questionnaire was based on the field validated protocol addressing the impact of @entity227 on physical and psychosocial functions. The questionnaire was adapted to the local conditions after pretesting. Data were analysed by degree of @entity227 . RESULTS: Of 319 @entity231 @entity1 identified only 45.5% accepted surgery, with @entity1 accepting surgery more readily than @entity1 (RR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.04-1.67) because of a significantly greater acceptance of surgery in @entity1 in the non-blind group. The acceptance rate was significantly higher in the blind group (RR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.36-2.22) compared with those @entity1 having @entity227 and severe @entity1018 . Of 96 non-acceptors interviewed only a further 13% accepted surgery after a second counselling. The most frequent reasons given for not accepting surgery were economic (48%) and logistical (44.8%) constraints followed by fear of surgery (33.3%) and lack of time (18.8%). Half of the subjects complained of problems with self care but only 10% needed help for their most basic every day activities. 17.7% said they needed help to visit neighbours and 26% needed help to attend the field or market. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that in this population with a majority of @entity1 with severe @entity1018 , even when offered transport and free surgery the utilisation of @entity231 surgery is below 60%. Medicine tends to be prescriptive based on technological advances that it is able to offer. Medical practice needs to develop a more holistic understanding of the needs of the communities cultivating a greater capability to analyse the role of cultural, social, and economic factors when planning medical services for the population.

title: Socioeconomic barriers to @entity231 surgery in Nepal: the South Asian XXXX management study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision', 'vision loss and blind']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of vision', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial impairment']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1164 in @entity1 on a liquid protein diet has been suggested to be related to repolarization abnormalities. Although @entity1162 is also associated with @entity1164 , it has not been examined in the setting of @entity353 using liquid protein diet. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 (mean age 42 years, 18 @entity1 ) with a mean initial weight of 116 kg were randomly chosen from @entity1 who had completed 26 weeks of liquid protein diet therapy. QT, @entity1162 and corrected @entity1162 were measured blindly along with serum albumin and electrolytes at the beginning and end of 26 weeks of liquid protein diet therapy. In 57 @entity1 (89.5%) (group 1), @entity1162 shortened after @entity353 while it was prolonged in 6 @entity1 (10.5%) (group 2). The mean @entity353 (group 1: 115+/-21 to 91+/-16 kg; group 2: 122+/-21 to 98+/-13 kg), and serum albumin and electrolyte levels before @entity353 were the same in both groups. The decrease in @entity1162 in group 1 was due to increase in the minimum QT interval (350+/-22 v. 375+/-21 mis, p<0.01) after @entity353 . However, the @entity1162 increase in group 2 was due to prolongation of the maximum QT interval (402+/-27 v. 441+/-19 ms, p<0.05) after @entity353 . This suggests that shortening of the minimum QT interval causes the @entity1162 in @entity28 . Half the @entity1 in group 2 showed a drop in the serum albumin level and 2 @entity1 had an abnormally high phosphorous level at the end of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1162 @entity3207 in most @entity1 (89.5%) using liquid protein diet for @entity353 . However, increase of @entity1162 is seen in 10.5% of @entity1 . The cause of @entity1162 in @entity28 (before @entity353 ) differs from that in @entity1 after weight-loss using liquid protein diet. @entity1162 changes observed in this study may explain the risk of @entity1164 in these @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity353 on @entity1162 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['increased QT dispersion', 'QT dispersion', 'corrected QT interval, QT dispersion']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The @entity8674 are @entity417 that are caused by mutations that reduce or abolish expression of the beta-globin gene. They can be cured by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, but this therapeutic option is not available to most @entity1 . The transfer of a regulated beta-globin gene in autologous HSCs is a highly attractive alternative treatment. This strategy, which is simple in principle, raises major challenges in terms of controlling expression of the globin transgene, which ideally should be erythroid specific, differentiation- and stage-restricted, elevated, position independent, and sustained over time. Using lentiviral vectors, May et al. demonstrated in 2000 that an optimized combination of proximal and distal transcriptional control elements permits lineage-specific and elevated beta-globin expression, resulting in therapeutic hemoglobin production and correction of @entity417 in beta-thalassemic @entity19 . Several groups have by now replicated and extended these findings to various @entity19 models of severe @entity8453 , thus fueling enthusiasm for a potential treatment of @entity8674 based on globin gene transfer. Current investigation focuses on safety issues and the need for improved vector production methodologies. The safe implementation of stem cell-based gene therapy requires the prevention of the formation of replication-competent viral genomes and minimization of the risk of insertional oncogenesis. Importantly, globin vectors, in which transcriptional activity is highly restricted, have a lesser risk of activating oncogenes in hematopoietic progenitors than non-tissue-specific vectors, by virtue of their late-stage erythroid specificity. As such, they provide a general paradigm for improving vector safety in stem cell-based gene therapy.

title: Progress toward the genetic treatment of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anemia', 'congenital anemias']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia', 'beta-thalassemias']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemias']


abstract: @entity1028 ( @entity449 ) is widely considered as the disease of elderly white @entity1 . @entity32 is one of the most well-known mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of @entity449 . @entity1760 is one of the most important minerals in the body with established anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of @entity4612 loading following @entity449 surgery on two inflammation markers, @entity65505 , as well as @entity1 's outcome. This study was conducted as a randomized clinical trial on 18 @entity1 (divided into two groups) after surgical correction of @entity449 ( @entity449 ). All the @entity1 admitted in ICU ward of Sina Hospital. In intervention group, 10 g of @entity2400 has been infused through 12 h. The control group has not received the intervention. @entity650 and CRP were measured and compared at times 0, 12, 24 and 36 h. The @entity1 were monitored for 36 h. After intervention, the differences of heart rate and APACHE II score were not statistically significant between intervention and control groups (P = 0.097 and P = 0.472, respectively). @entity650 levels decreased consistently in both groups after inclusion in the study. However, @entity650 level was significantly less in intervention group early after the end of @entity2400 infusion comparing with control group (P = 0.01). Likewise, the @entity1851 level decreased significantly after inclusion in the study (P = 0.005). However, these changes were not significant between intervention and control groups (P = 0.297). According to the results of this study, continuous infusion of @entity2400 after @entity449 surgery may provide @entity650 suppression.

title: Randomized Trial of the Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Continuous Infusion on @entity650 and CRP Serum Levels Following XXXX Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['AAA', 'Acute Aortic Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of i.v. and PR @entity6916 for treatment of acute benign vascular or @entity2701 @entity10 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. SETTING: University emergency department with 50,000 annual census. @entity1 : Forty-five adult @entity1 enrolled on 46 visits. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received 10 mg @entity6916 i.v. and placebo suppository or 25 mg @entity6916 PR and placebo injection. @entity158 assessment was made using a 10-cm visual-analog scale; scores were analyzed using Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum tests (alpha of .01). RESULTS: Mean 60-minute @entity158 scores for i.v. and PR groups were 0.6 and 3.5, respectively (P = .0002). Two @entity1 (8.7%) in the i.v. group and six @entity1 (26.1%) in the PR group required rescue analgesia (P = .12). CONCLUSION: i.v. @entity6916 appears to provide more effective relief than PR @entity6916 for benign vascular or @entity2701 headaches.

title: Intravenous versus rectal @entity6916 in the treatment of benign vascular or @entity2701 XXXX : a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6916 :: ('MESH:D011346', 'Chemical') :: ['prochlorperazine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Upper @entity1729 (URTIs) are the most common reason for individuals to seek health care in the United States. Inappropriate antibiotic use exposes @entity1 unnecessarily to potential adverse events and increases the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. One of the reasons physicians may prescribe an antibiotic inappropriately is to save time. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between antibiotic use and a shorter visit duration in adults with URTIs. METHODS: Visits to office-based primary care physicians made by adults aged 18 to 60 years from 1995 through 2000 were extracted from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Visits that resulted in a primary diagnosis of acute URTI; @entity697 ; acute @entity3617 ; @entity1244 ; streptococcal sore throat, @entity697 , or @entity697 ; or @entity2346 media were included in the study. Visits associated with >1 diagnosis were included in a separate category Visit duration was defined as the face-to-face time between the @entity1 and physician. RESULTS: There were 3764 visits that met the criteria for inclusion in this study, representing an estimated 27 million annual visits to office-based primary care physicians by adults with URTIs. Antibiotics were prescribed in 67% of visits. The mean visit duration associated with prescription of an antibiotic was 14.2 minutes, compared with 15.2 minutes without prescription of an antibiotic (P = 0.007). In multivariable @entity3628 , independent predictors of visit duration were calendar year (additional 0.3 minute per year; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.6), internal medicine specialty (additional 2.2 minutes vs family practice; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1), covisit with a nurse-practitioner or physician assistant (6.6 minutes shorter; 95% CI, -2.7 to -10.6), and Midwestern location of practice (1.1 minutes shorter vs Northeast; 95% CI, -0.1 to -2.2). Antibiotic use was marginally associated with a shorter visit duration (0.7 minute shorter; 95% CI, 0.0 to -1.3; P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, antibiotic use was marginally associated with a shorter visit duration for adults with URTIs. Any potential efficiencies gained by physicians through prescribing antibiotics for adults with URTIs are likely to be outweighed by increases in antimicrobial resistance and exposure of @entity1 to unneeded medication.

title: Association between antibiotic prescribing and visit duration in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pharyngitis', 'acute tonsillitis', 'acute nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']


abstract: Importance: Adjuvant chemotherapy offers a survival benefit to a number of staging scenarios in @entity1149 . Variable recovery from @entity2 surgery may delay a @entity1 's ability to tolerate adjuvant chemotherapy, yet the urgency of chemotherapy initiation is unclear. Objective: To assess differences in survival according to the time interval between @entity1149 resection and the initiation of postoperative chemotherapy to determine the association between adjuvant treatment timing and efficacy. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This retrospective observational study examined treatment-naive @entity1 with completely resected @entity1149 who received postoperative multiagent chemotherapy between 18 and 127 days after resection between January 2004 and December 2012. The study population was limited to @entity1 with lymph node metastases, @entity5 4 cm or larger, or local extension. @entity1 were identified from the National @entity5 Database, a hospital-based @entity5 registry that captures more than 70% of incident @entity2 cases in the United States. The association between time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy and survival was evaluated using Cox models with restricted cubic splines. Exposures: Adjuvant chemotherapy administered at different time points after surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures: Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy according to time to initiation after surgery. Results: A total of 12   473 @entity1 (median [interquartile range] age, 64 [57-70] years) were identified: 3073 @entity1 (25%) with stage I disease; 5981 @entity1 (48%), stage II; and 3419 @entity1 (27%), stage III. A Cox model with restricted cubic splines identified the lowest mortality risk when chemotherapy was started 50 days postoperatively (95% CI, 39-56 days). Initiation of chemotherapy after this interval (57-127 days; ie, the later cohort) did not increase mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.037; 95% CI, 0.972-1.105; P   =   .27). Furthermore, in a Cox model of 3976 propensity-matched pairs, @entity1 who received chemotherapy during the later interval had a lower mortality risk than those treated with surgery only (HR, 0.664; 95% CI, 0.623-0.707; P   <   .001). Conclusions and Relevance: In the National @entity5 Database, adjuvant chemotherapy remained efficacious when started 7 to 18 weeks after @entity1149 resection. @entity1 who recover slowly from @entity1149 surgery may still benefit from delayed adjuvant chemotherapy started up to 4 months after surgery.

title: Association of Delayed Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Survival After Lung XXXX Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) on @entity263 ( @entity263 ) outcome remains controversial. Thus, we investigated the association of @entity6 history, glycemic control, and @entity2449 use with oncologic outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: We reviewed the records of 746 contemporary @entity1 who had hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measured within the 6 months preceding RP. The associations between clinical variables and risk of adverse pathological features and biochemical recurrence (BCR) were tested using a multivariate logistic regression and multiple Cox-proportional hazards model, respectively. BCR was defined as prostatic specific antigen (PSA) > 0.2 ng/mL in 2 consecutive tests. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the rates of adverse pathologic features and BCR-free survival between @entity1 with (n = 209) and without (n = 537) a history of @entity6 diagnosis (all p > 0.05). In multivariate analyses, high HbA1c level (>=  6.5%) was significantly related with high pathologic Gleason score (>=  4+3; odds ratio [OR] 1.704, p = 0.019) and BCR-free survival (OR 1.853, p = 0.007). @entity2449 use was not associated with BCR-free survival (OR 0.662, p = 0.125). CONCLUSIONS: Poor glycemic control was significantly associated with BCR after RP. Meanwhile, @entity2449 use was not associated with biochemical outcome after RP. Further investigation would be needed to identify exact mechanism underlying the impact of glycemic control on @entity263 treatment outcome.

title: Preoperative Glycemic Control Status as a Significant Predictor of Biochemical Recurrence in XXXX @entity1 after Radical Prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the degree to which facets of @entity23 predicted future @entity6426 , 2 theorized forms of behavioral addiction. @entity1 were 596 @entity1 and 406 @entity1 from 4 age cohorts randomly recruited from a Canadian province. @entity1 completed self-report measures of 3 facets of @entity23 (negative urgency, sensation seeking, lack of persistence), binge- @entity1277 frequency, and problem-gambling symptoms. @entity23 was assessed at baseline, and assessments of @entity6426 were followed up after 3 years. Weighted data were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial and Poisson regression models. We found evidence of transdiagnostic and disorder-specific predictors of @entity6426 . Negative urgency emerged as a common predictor of @entity6426 among @entity1 and @entity1 . There were disorder-specific personality traits identified among @entity1 only: High lack-of-persistence scores predicted @entity6426 and high sensation-seeking scores predicted problem gambling. Among @entity1 , younger age predicted @entity6426 and older age predicted problem gambling. Thus, there are gender differences in facets of @entity23 that longitudinally predict @entity6426 , suggesting that treatments for these behaviors should consider gender-specific personality and demographic traits in addition to the common personality trait of negative urgency. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: The influence of @entity23 on XXXX : A prospective study of gender differences in Canadian adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsiveness', 'Impulsiveness']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating and problem gambling', 'binge eating']

answer: @entity6426 :: (MESH:D002032,Disease) :: ['binge eating and problem gambling']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury after lung transplantation causes @entity16 , @entity4 , and acute rejection. @entity12874 polymerase (PARP) is a single-stranded DNA repair enzyme that induces apoptosis and @entity39 after DNA damage caused by reactive @entity26 species. We evaluated tissue protective effects of the PARP inhibitor (PARP-i) @entity39744 against @entity5721 . METHODS: @entity35 (total n=45) underwent a thoracotomy with left hilar isolation and saline administration (sham group) or thoracotomy with hilar clamping and saline administration (I/R group) or @entity39744 administration (PARP-i group). Parameters were measured for 7 days after reperfusion. RESULTS: Pathologic analysis revealed that reperfusion injury was drastically suppressed in the PARP-i group 2 days after reperfusion. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick-end labeling-positive cells were significantly decreased in the PARP-i group compared to the I/R group (P<0.05). Accordingly, the wet-to-dry lung ratio in the I/R group was significantly higher compared with the PARP-i group (P=0.025). Four hours after reperfusion, serum tissue @entity39 factor-a and @entity568 were significantly suppressed in the PARP-i group compared with the I/R group (P<0.05). Serum derivatives of reactive @entity26 metabolites increased quickly and remained high in the I/R and PARP-i groups from 4 hr until 7 days after reperfusion. Interestingly, the serum biologic antioxidant potential in the PARP-i group was significantly higher than that in the I/R group from day 2 until day 7. CONCLUSION: The PARP-i decreased @entity32 and tissue damage caused by @entity5721 . These beneficial effects of the PARP-i may be correlated with its antioxidative efficacy.

title: The @entity12874 polymerase inhibitor @entity39744 reduces XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lung edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['pulmonary ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the progression of endoscopic affectation in @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ). 2. To analyze the clinical parameters associated to grade IV of @entity2910 , as well as the degree of endoscopic progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: between 1996 and 2002, 692 @entity1 with @entity354 have been followed prospectively (66% @entity1 and 33% @entity1 , with a mean age of 50.7 years). All were submitted to initial upper endoscopy, without treatment, and different clinical parameters associated to grade IV @entity2910 were analyzed. During follow up, a new endoscopy was repeated in the event of symptomatic relapse, comparing the new findings with those of the initial exploration. RESULTS: the initial endoscopy did not reveal signs of @entity2910 in 49% of the @entity1 . Grade I 11.2%, grade II 22%, grade III 8.1% and grade IV 8.7%. Multivariant analysis showed that advanced age (p <0.01), male sex (p <0.03), smoking (p <0.02) and @entity281 due to @entity1534 (p <0.02) were independent factors associated to grade IV @entity2910 . Throughout follow up, @entity1 without @entity2910 did not show evidence of @entity2910 in successive endoscopies, and a higher grade was found in only 3 of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: the endoscopy did not reveal signs of @entity2910 in approximately half of the @entity1 . Advanced age, male sex, smoking and absence of @entity1534 are risk factors associated with severe stages of @entity2910 . @entity1 with reflux without @entity2910 did not develop inflammatory disorders during follow-up, while those with @entity2910 remained in the stage of the initial diagnosis.

title: Clinical features and endoscopic progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['absence of infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: @entity413  -regulated protein  78 [ @entity1477 , also termed binding @entity7639 protein ( @entity1477 )] may be involved in @entity5 progression and @entity3 . However, to date there has been minimal investigation into its potential role in @entity1 @entity263 cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that asymmetric small interfering RNA (asiRNA)  -mediated gene silencing is more effective and longer  -lasting than conventional symmetric siRNA. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of @entity1477  -specific asiRNA on @entity1 @entity263 cells. A series of asiRNAs was synthesized and their efficiency in silencing @entity1477 expression in PC  -3 @entity1 @entity263 cells was evaluated. The effects of knockdown using asiRNAs were compared to those of knockdown using symmetric siRNAs. The effect of @entity1477 silencing on PC  -3 cell apoptosis and migration, and the possible mechanisms governing these biological processes were examined. Compared with the symmetric siRNA, transfection with the 15  base pair asiRNA (asiGRP78  -3) resulted in greater downregulation of @entity1477 expression. @entity1477 depletion in PC  -3 cells resulted in increased apoptosis and decreased migration of these cells. Experiments investigating the underlying mechanisms of these effects revealed that knockdown of @entity1477 attenuated protein kinase  B activation and decreased the expression of @entity522 and @entity2277 . In conclusion, knockdown of @entity1477 / @entity1477 expression with asymmetric siRNA led to @entity263 cell apoptosis and reduced cellular migration.

title: Knockdown of @entity413  -regulated protein  78/binding @entity7639 protein expression by asymmetric small interfering RNA induces apoptosis in XXXX cells and attenuates migratory capability.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'increased prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity522 :: ('836', 'Gene') :: ['pro  -caspase  9, pro  -caspase  3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To address the question of whether the @entity2516 plays a role in the amount of @entity1781 in @entity726 , we intraindividually compared @entity735 in @entity2516 with @entity735 in parameters indicating the degree of glaucomatous @entity1781 , and we interindividually correlated @entity2516 with @entity227 . DESIGN: Comparative clinical observational study. METHODS: This comparative clinical observational study was conducted in a university eye hospital. The study included 1,444 eyes of 876 @entity1 with primary or secondary chronic @entity1538 . @entity1 with a highly myopic @entity2516 (> or = -8 diopters) were excluded, owing to differences in the anatomy of the optic nerve head. Color stereo optic disk photographs were taken and morphometrically evaluated. The main outcome measures were @entity2516 , @entity2479 area, horizontal and vertical cup/disk diameter ratios, and @entity227 . RESULTS: In an interindividual statistical analysis, area of @entity2479 , horizontal and vertical cup/disk diameter ratios, and mean @entity227 were not significantly (P >.10) correlated with @entity2516 . In an intraindividual comparison, @entity735 in @entity2516 were not significantly (P >.05) correlated with @entity735 in @entity2479 area and mean @entity227 . The eye with the more @entity735 with the less myopic @entity2516 did not vary significantly in @entity2479 area and mean @entity227 . CONCLUSIONS: For nonhighly myopic (< -8 diopters) @entity1 with primary or secondary chronic @entity1538 , the @entity2516 may not play a major role for the amount of @entity1781 . For nonhighly myopic (< -8 diopters) @entity1 with primary or secondary chronic @entity1538 , @entity1714 may not be an important risk factor for @entity726 .

title: Anisometropia and degree of XXXX in chronic @entity1538 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'neuroretinal rim area and visual field loss', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['neuroretinal rim']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['inter-eye differences', 'myopic refractive error and the contralateral eye']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy', 'optic nerve damage']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve damage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5078 Background: @entity25856 ( @entity25856 ) antigen is a blood group related antigen expressed in 75% of @entity43 . hu3S193 is a humanized anti- @entity25856 IgG1 mAb with strong complement dependent @entity137 and excellent targeting characteristics with a good safety profile in Phase I studies. METHODS: This phase II study accrued pts with PRR, @entity43 , @entity3906 or @entity6887 , with @entity25856 expression by IHC, <=  1 prior chemotherapy regimens in the PRR state, and a KPS >=  70%. Pts received weekly intravenous infusions (1 cycle = 8 weeks) of hu3S193 at 20mg/m(2) for up to 3 cycles, until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . Primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate [objective response (OR) + @entity66 ( @entity66 ) >=  24 weeks]. A two-stage design was utilized with H1 set at 15%, requiring at least 1 OR. Secondary objectives were safety, progression-free survival (PFS) and pharmacokinetics (PK). RESULTS: 31 pts were enrolled. Median age: 55 yrs (range 25-78); primary site: @entity43 -29, @entity3906 -1 @entity6887 -1; @entity25856 -positive by IHC (N): 1+ (15), 2+ (5), 3+ (8), 4+ (3). Prior @entity902 response: refractory 8, primary resistant 8, secondary resistant 14, @entity566 1; median KPS: 90% (range 70-100); median CA-125: 257 (range 18-10,041). Number of cycles of hu3S193 delivered: 32 (median 1, range <1-3). Evaluable @entity1 : 26 (5 pts < 4 doses); Responses: OR=0; @entity66 =11 (42%); @entity66 >=  24 weeks=6 (23%). No grade 4 @entity137 observed. Most frequent @entity137 in all pts (N any grade/grade 3): fatigue 4/1, @entity566 4/1, @entity400 2/1, fever 3/0, nausea 4/0, @entity101 3/0. Median PFS was 10 weeks (95 % CI, 4-15). PK data will be presented. CONCLUSIONS: single agent hu3S193 induces disease stabilization in a significant rate in this heavily pretreated population, including long term stabilization. PFS is comparable to historic chemotherapy data with acceptable @entity137 . Further studies in combination with chemotherapy are underway.

title: Anti- @entity25856 monoclonal antibody (mAb) hu3S193 (Rebmab 100) in XXXX with advanced @entity902 resistant/refractory (PRR) @entity43 ( @entity43 ), @entity3906 ( @entity3906 ), or @entity6887 ( @entity6887 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Application of @entity2067 to the skin has been used for suppression of pigmentation and resolution of @entity2981 . However, in @entity35 , no study was reported on its effect regarding wound healing. Thus, the present study was designed to examine the healing effects of creams prepared from @entity17105 on full-thickness wound in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: For inducing full-thickness wound in @entity35 , the excisional wound model was used. Five groups consisting of 8 @entity35 each were used. @entity2067 cream (1% and 2%, w/w) was prepared in eucerin base and applied on the wound once a day until complete healing had occurred. Healing was defined by decreased wound margin (wound contraction), re-epithelialization, tensile strength and @entity720 content. Histopathological examination was also done. RESULTS: The effects produced by the topical @entity2067 showed significant (P < 0.01) healing when compared with control group in parameters such as wound contraction, epithelialization period, @entity720 content and tensile strength. Histopathological studies also showed improvement with @entity2067 . CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity2067 demonstrates wound healing potential in full-thickness wound model.

title: Topical XXXX promotes repair of full thickness wound in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K', 'Vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity17105 :: (MESH:D010837,Chemical) :: ['vitamin K1']


abstract: The @entity137 and effects on protein synthesis of the @entity5244 esters @entity26459 ( @entity13202 ) and @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) was studied in radish seedings (Raphanus sativus cv. K    penhaminan tori). @entity5243 are a class of commercially important compounds used mainly as plasticizers in high molecular-weight polymers such as many plastics. They can enter soil through various routes and can affect plant growth and development. First the effect of @entity13202 and @entity5248 on the growth of radish seedings was determined in an aqueous medium. It was found that @entity13202 , but not @entity5248 , caused retardation of growth in radish. A further investigation on protein synthesis during @entity13202 -stress was executed by in vivo protein labeling combined with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). For comparisons with known stress-induced proteins a similar experiment was done with @entity1457 , and the induced @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) were compared with those of @entity13202 -stress. The results showed that certain HSPs can be used as an indicator of @entity13202 -stress, although the synthesis of most HSPs was not affected by @entity13202 . @entity13202 also elicited the synthesis of numerous proteins found only in @entity13202 -treated roots. The toxic effect of @entity5243 and the roles of the induced proteins are discussed.

title: @entity1457 protein synthesis is induced by XXXX but not by @entity5248 in radish (Raphanus sativus).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['DEHP', 'di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate']

entities_list: @entity26459 :: ('MESH:C007379', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5243 :: ('CHEBI:35484', 'Chemical') :: ['Phthalate esters', 'phthalate esters']

answer: @entity26459 :: (MESH:C007379,Chemical) :: ['diethyl phthalate']


abstract: @entity3168 perfringensA (CPA) entering the gastrointestinal system depends on favorable conditions to develop and subsequently extend pathogenicity. Reduction in digestive dynamics progressing from the duodenum decreases lumen @entity26 , leading to anaerobic conditions in the distal lumen that favor CPA. When nutritional support is concurrently provided, an expanding population threatens the mucosa. Dietary nonstarch polysaccharides that increase viscosity further impair @entity26 transfer from the mucosa, improving the ability of CPA to thrive. Incompletion of feed digestion early in the small intestine along with endogenous N provide additional support for population expansion. Glucosidase versatility with mucin elicited by distal CPA concurrently erodes the villus unstirred water layer at the apex, providing access to underlying binding sites for colonization. Proteolytic destruction within the lamina propria supports colonization to create subclinical @entity39 . Eventual vascular entry of CPA and toxins provides a portal path for instituting cholangiohepatitis. Liver condemnations from inspection detect acute @entity281 compared with preceding marginal losses in nutrient absorption that decrease feed efficiency. Enterocyte lysis by coccidia enable CPA access to binding sites, thereby extending villus @entity39 and further impairing feed conversion. Loss of BW and increased mortality follow as mucosa involvement proceeds. In practice, supplemental feed hemicellulases that reduce digesta viscosity minimize a favorable environment for CPA, while superimposing a combination of amylase, phytase, and protease avoids nutritional support. Physical dynamics of the small intestine together with characteristics of feed that modify digesta viscosity and nutritional availability are central to establishing transient CPA as a pathogen.

title: Intestinal events and nutritional dynamics predispose XXXX virulence in broilers.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['flock infection']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic enteritis']

answer: @entity3168 :: (1502,Species) :: ['Clostridium perfringens']


abstract: Excess @entity842 (NO) induces apoptosis of some cell types, including macrophages. As NO is synthesized by @entity17693 ( @entity17693 ) from @entity369 , a common substrate of arginase, these two enzymes compete for @entity369 . There are two known isoforms of arginase, types I and II. Using @entity19 macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, we asked if the induction of arginase II would downregulate NO production and hence prevent apoptosis. When cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity60 ( @entity60 ), the inducible form of @entity17693 ( @entity13633 ) was induced, production of NO was elevated, and apoptosis followed. When @entity619 and @entity268 were further added, both @entity13633 and arginase II were induced, NO production was much decreased, and apoptosis was prevented. When the cells were transfected with an arginase II expression plasmid and treated with LPS/ @entity60 , some cells were rescued from apoptosis. An @entity23233 expression plasmid was also effective. On the other hand, transfection with the arginase II plasmid did not prevent apoptosis when a NO donor SNAP or a high concentration (12 mM) of @entity369 was added. These results indicate that arginase II prevents NO-dependent apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells by depleting intracellular @entity369 and by decreasing NO production.

title: Arginase II downregulates @entity842 (NO) production and prevents NO-mediated apoptosis in XXXX macrophage-derived RAW 264.7 cells.

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate polymorphisms of @entity1192 , @entity1356 and @entity1356 receptor R1 genes in @entity1 with @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ), their relationship to the age of onset of @entity1569 and the @entity2720 . METHODS: One hundred and forty well-characterized @entity1 with @entity5144 were studied. One hundred healthy controls were recruited from primary care. All were genotyped for single- @entity377 polymorphisms in the genes for @entity1192 (position -889), @entity1356 (position +3953) and @entity10496 (position +970). The frequencies of the respective variants were compared between @entity1 and controls and in relation to age of onset of @entity1569 , to clinical subsets of the disease and to the presence of erosions. RESULTS: All three polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both @entity1 and controls. The frequency of @entity1192 -889 CC homozygotes was significantly increased in @entity5144 @entity1 compared with normal controls [58 vs 40%, odds ratio (OR) 2.06, 95%, confidence interval (CI) 1.22-3.47]. The frequency of the @entity1192 -889 C allele was significantly increased in @entity5144 @entity1 compared with controls (75 vs 65%, OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.11-2.45). In subset analysis there were no other significant differences in allelic frequencies for the @entity1192 @entity35404 , @entity1356 @entity40533 and @entity10496 @entity63702 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1356 gene complex may play a role in the development of @entity5144 and/or @entity1569 or act as a marker for other genes on chromosome 2q12 to 2q13.

title: XXXX , @entity1356 and interleukin 1 receptor gene polymorphisms in @entity5144 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1alpha', 'interleukin (IL) 1alpha']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['pattern of joint involvement']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['Interleukin 1alpha']


abstract: Macrophages produce a large amount of @entity1421 during @entity32 . This lipid mediator modulates various immune responses. @entity1421 acts on macrophages and inhibits production of cytokines such as @entity637 and IL-12. Membrane-bound @entity2041 -dependent @entity1421 synthase ( @entity8207 ) has been shown to be a terminal enzyme of the @entity1996 -mediated @entity1421 biosynthesis. Here we identified @entity8207 as a molecule that is induced by @entity558 in macrophages. The expression of @entity8207 was not induced by @entity558 in @entity19 lacking @entity1990 or @entity5001 . Furthermore, @entity19 deficient in @entity19775 showed neither induction of @entity8207 nor biosynthesis of PGE(2) in response to @entity558 , indicating that @entity8207 expression in response to @entity558 is regulated by a @entity1990 / @entity5001 / @entity19775 -dependent signaling pathway. We generated @entity8207 -deficient @entity19 and investigated the role of @entity8207 in vivo. The @entity19 showed no augmentation of the @entity1421 production in response to @entity558 . However, they were not impaired in the @entity558 -induced production of inflammatory cytokines and showed normal response to the @entity558 -induced @entity1457 . Thus, @entity8207 is critically involved in the biosynthesis of @entity1421 induced by @entity558 , but is dispensable for the modulation of inflammatory responses.

title: Lipopolysaccharide-dependent @entity1421 production is regulated by the XXXX -dependent @entity1421 synthase gene induced by the @entity1990 / @entity5001 / @entity19775 pathway.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: PURPOSE: We quantified the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on the anatomical configuration of the levator ani using magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five female @entity1 with stress urinary @entity322 underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and after participating in a pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy program. Axial T1-weighted images of the levator ani were taken with the @entity1 in a supine position. Source images were then manually segmented and surface modeling was applied to build a 3-dimensional model of the levator ani. Models were then measured to determine the levator ani surface area as well as the encircled volume at rest and during @entity2472 . The percentage of levator ani retraction and symphysis pubis movement during @entity2472 before and after physiotherapy were also measured. RESULTS: After physiotherapy the levator ani surface area at rest was significantly smaller than before physiotherapy, decreasing from 677.11 +/- 45.00 to 620.48 +/- 36.14 mm(2) (p = 0.04). The relative reduction in volume encircled by the levator ani during contraction increased significantly from -11.66 +/- 7.42 to -26.02 +/- 13.52 mm(3) (p = 0.04). Levator ani surface retraction during a @entity2472 increased significantly from 65.61% +/- 17.07% to 81.70% +/- 16.30% (p = 0.02). Symphysis pubis movement during pelvic floor muscle contraction decreased from 1.45 +/- 1.32 to 0.44 +/- 0.61 mm (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this preliminary study indicate that pelvic floor muscle training results in anatomical changes in the levator ani and reduction of pubic movement. These results provide insight into the possible anatomical mechanisms through which physiotherapy enables the pelvic floor muscle to minimize urine leakage.

title: Changes in levator ani anatomical configuration following physiotherapy in @entity1 with stress urinary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective was to identify changes in quantitative MRI measures in @entity1 with @entity5083 ( @entity5083 ) occurring in common after oral acetazolamide (ACZ) and external lumbar drainage (ELD) interventions. METHODS: A total of 25 @entity5083 @entity1 from two clinical sites underwent serial MRIs and clinical assessments. Eight received ACZ (125-375  mg/day) over 3  months and 12 underwent ELD for up to 72  hours. Five clinically-stable @entity5083 @entity1 who were scanned serially without interventions served as controls for the MRI component of the study. Subjects were divided into responders and non-responders to the intervention based on gait and cognition assessments made by clinicians blinded to MRI results. The MRI modalities analyzed included T1-weighted images, diffusion tensor Imaging (DTI) and arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion studies. Automated threshold techniques were used to define regions of T1 hypo-intensities. RESULTS: Decreased volume of T1-hypointensities and decreased @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) within remaining hypointensities was observed after ACZ and ELD but not in controls. @entity1 responding positively to these interventions had more extensive decreases in T1-hypointensites than non-responders: ACZ-responders (4,651        2,909  mm(3)), ELD responders (2,338        1,140  mm(3)), ELD non-responders (44        1,188  mm(3)). Changes in DTI @entity1893 within T1-hypointensities were greater in ACZ-responders (7.9%        2%) and ELD-responders (8.2%        3.1%) compared to ELD non-responders (2.1%        3%). All the acetazolamide-responders showed increases in whole-brain-average cerebral blood flow (wbCBF) estimated by ASL (18.8%        8.7%). The only observed decrease in wbCBF (9.6%) occurred in an acetazolamide-non-responder. A possible association between @entity194 and response was observed, with subjects having the least @entity194 (as indicated by a positive z-score on cortical thickness measurements) showing greater clinical improvement after ACZ and ELD. CONCLUSIONS: T1-hypointensity volume and DTI @entity1893 measures decreased in the brains of @entity5083 @entity1 following oral ACZ and ELD. The magnitude of the decrease was greater in treatment responders than non-responders. Despite having different mechanisms of action, both ELD and ACZ may decrease interstitial brain water and increase cerebral blood flow in @entity1 with @entity5083 . Quantitative MRI measurements appear useful for objectively monitoring response to acetazolamide, ELD and potentially other therapeutic interventions in @entity1 with @entity5083 .

title: MRI assessment of the effects of acetazolamide and external lumbar drainage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5083 :: ('MESH:D006850', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus', 'iNPH']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy', 'cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

answer: @entity5083 :: (MESH:D006850,Disease) :: ['idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and chemotherapy has been established. However, whether ADC could be considered as a measure for monitoring response to @entity2857 in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) has not been demonstrated. This study was to investigate the ADC changes of advanced @entity157 under @entity2857 treatment. METHODS: Athymic @entity19 with HepG2 xenografts were allocated to two groups: control and @entity2857 (40 mg/kg, bid). T2 and diffusion images were acquired at each time point (0, 10, 14, and 18 d post-therapy). @entity5 volume and changes in ADC were calculated. RESULTS: @entity5 volumes on Days 10, 14, and 18 after treatment showed significant decreases in the @entity2857 -treated group compared with the control. Pretreatment ADC values were not significantly different between the control and treated groups. A slow increase in ADC in the peripheral zone of @entity5 appeared in the treated group, which was significantly higher compared with the control group on Days 10, 14, and 18. In the central part of @entity5 on Day 10 after treatment, an increase in ADC appeared in the treated and control groups, the ADC of the control group being significantly lower compared with the treated @entity5 . From Day 10 to Day 14, the ADC map showed a progressive decrease in the central region of @entity5 in the treated and control groups. However, this change is more significant in the treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early changes in mean ADC correlated with @entity2857 treatment in @entity157 , which are promising indicators for predicting @entity2857 response in this @entity189 .

title: Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficient as an indicator of response to @entity2857 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity320 antigen epitope peptides @entity16524 (27L)), gp100(209-217 (210M)),and tyrosinase(368-376 (370D)) were emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant and administered with @entity62767 (progenipoietin), an agonist of @entity1261 and the FLT-3 receptor, to evaluate the @entity137 of and immune responses to this regimen as primary end points and time to relapse and survival as secondary end points. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fifteen @entity1 with high-risk resected stage III and IV @entity320 were enrolled. Each @entity1 received peptides + incomplete Freund's adjuvant with @entity62767 at doses of either 10, 20, or 40 microg/kg s.c. for 3 days before and 7 days after each vaccination. Immunizations were administered every month for 6 months and then administered once 6 months later. A leukapheresis to obtain peripheral blood mononuclear cells for immune analyses as well as skin testing with peptides and recall antigens was performed before and after vaccination. @entity379 release assay, ELISPOT, and MHC-peptide tetramer analysis were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected before and after vaccination to evaluate peptide-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses. RESULTS: @entity158 and @entity738 formation and fatigue of grade I or II were the most common side effects. One patient developed antibody-mediated @entity1431 and transient @entity1398 that resolved after stopping @entity62767 . Six of 12 @entity1 tested developed a positive skin test response to one or more of the peptides. Seven of 10 @entity1 tested demonstrated an immune response to at least one peptide when evaluated by @entity379 release assay and ELISPOT assay after vaccination, as did 11 of 12 @entity1 analyzed by MHC-peptide tetramer assay. Four of 15 @entity1 have relapsed with a median follow-up of 20 months, and 1 @entity1 in this high-risk group has died of disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity62767 with a multipeptide vaccine was generally well tolerated, although one @entity1 developed reversible antibody-mediated @entity1398 . These data suggest that the majority of @entity1 with resected @entity320 mount an antigen-specific immune response against a multipeptide vaccine administered with @entity62767 .

title: A phase I trial of XXXX (progenipoietin) with a multipeptide vaccine for resected @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['grade III neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Local pain']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumor']

answer: @entity62767 :: (MESH:C434603,Chemical) :: ['SD-9427']


abstract: Four experiments were conducted to evaluate lipid digestibility in finishing @entity1707 fed chemically hydrogenated fats. Dietary @entity6213 was used as an inert marker to measure the apparent digestibility of supplemental fat (SF) that consisted of fully hydrogenated (FH), partially hydrogenated (PH), or PH products blended with other fat sources. In Exp. 1, diets containing 5% SF (as-fed basis) comprising 100, 66.7, 33.3, or 0% FH animal fat ( @entity1496 value = 2.5), with the balance contributed by soy oil, were fed to gilts (n = 24). Apparent digestibility increased linearly (-12.0, 26.0, 61.2, and 72.6%; P < 0.001) as the amount of FH fat in the diet decreased, suggesting the digestibility of FH to be near zero. Experiment 2 (2 x 4 factorial; n = 48) evaluated diets containing 5% (as-fed basis) blended fat (FH tallow and yellow grease) to achieve @entity1496 values of 20, 30, 40, or 50 compared with PH tallow with identical @entity1496 values. Digestibility of diets formulated with PH tallow was greater than those containing blended fat (73.4 vs. 67.2%; P < 0.01), especially at lower @entity1496 values (interaction; P < 0.10). In Exp. 3, digestibility was measured in @entity1707 (n = 96) fed 5% (as-fed basis) PH choice white grease with @entity1496 values of 20, 40, 60, or 80. Increasing @entity1496 value did not alter digestibility (66.2, 69.2, 68.2, and 69.7%). Experiment 4 investigated digestibility (n = 32) of diets formulated with 8% (as-fed basis) PH fat ( @entity1496 value 20 or 50) with 0.10% lysolecithin as an emulsifier. Lipid digestibility was 14.5% greater in the 8% SF diet with an @entity1496 value of 50 compared with the diet with an @entity1496 value of 20 (79.15 vs. 69.12%; P < 0.001), but lysolecithin was without effect. These experiments indicate that partial hydrogenation is superior to blending unsaturated fat with saturated fat sources and that digestibility is not greatly affected by decreasing the @entity1496 value via partial hydrogenation.

title: Effects of chemical hydrogenation of supplemental fat on relative apparent lipid digestibility in finishing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6213 :: ('MESH:C023600', 'Chemical') :: ['chromic oxide']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aerobic training has some benefits for delaying the onset or progression of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Little is known about the implication of the brain's two main fuels, @entity413 and @entity16623 ( @entity4323 ), associated with thesebenefits. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether aerobic exercise training modifies brain energy metabolism in mild @entity195 . METHODS: In this uncontrolled study, ten @entity1 with mild @entity195 participated in a 3-month, individualized, moderate-intensity aerobic training on a treadmill (Walking). Quantitative measurement of brain uptake of @entity413 (CMRglu) and @entity4323 (CMRacac) using neuroimaging and cognitive testing were done before and after the Walking program. RESULTS: Four @entity1 and six @entity1 with an average global cognitive score (MMSE) of 26/30 and an average age of 73 y completed the Walking program. Average total distance and treadmill speed were 8km/week and 4km/h, respectively. Compared to the Baseline, after Walking, CMRacac was three-fold higher (0.6  0.4 versus 0.2  0.1  mol/100g/min; p=0.01). Plasma @entity4323 concentration and the blood-to-brain @entity4323 influx rate constant were also increased by 2-3-fold (all p<= 0.03). CMRglu was unchanged after Walking (28.0  0.1  mol/100g/min; p=0.96). There was a tendency toward improvement in the Stroop-color naming test (-10% completion time, p=0.06). Performance on the Trail Making A_B tests was also directly related to plasma @entity4323 and CMRacac (all p<= 0.01). CONCLUSION: In mild @entity195 , aerobic training improved brain energy metabolism by increasing @entity6178 uptake and utilization while maintaining brain @entity413 uptake, and could potentially be associated with some cognitive improvement.

title: A 3-Month Aerobic Training Program Improves Brain Energy Metabolism in  Mild  XXXX : Preliminary Results from a Neuroimaging Study.

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: Protein misfolding and formation of structured aggregates are considered to be the earliest events in the development of @entity179 , but the mechanism of these biological phenomena remains to be elucidated. Here, we report a study of heat- and pressure-induced unfolding of @entity1 Q26 and @entity19 Q6 @entity1903 using spectroscopic methods. UV absorbance and fluorescence revealed that heat and pressure induced a structural transition of both proteins to a molten globule conformation. The unfolding pathway was partly irreversible and led to a protein conformation where tryptophans were more exposed to water. Furthermore, the use of fluorescent probes ( @entity31313 and @entity7732 ) allowed the identification of different intermediates during the process of pressure-induced unfolding. At high temperature and pressure, @entity1 Q26, but not @entity19 Q6, underwent concentration-dependent aggregation. Fourier transform infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that these aggregates are characterized by an increased beta-sheet content. As revealed by electron microscopy, heat- and pressure-induced aggregates were different; high temperature treatment led to fibrillar microaggregates (8-10-nm length), whereas high pressure induced oligomeric structures of globular shape (100 nm in diameter), which sometimes aligned to higher order suprastructures. Several intermediate structures were detected in this process. Two factors appear to govern ataxin unfolding and aggregation, the length of the @entity2035 tract and its protein context.

title: Structural instability and fibrillar aggregation of non-expanded @entity1 XXXX revealed under high pressure and temperature.

entities_list: @entity2035 :: ('MESH:C097188', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglutamine']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity31313 :: ('MESH:C515594', 'Chemical') :: ['8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity7732 :: ('MESH:C009462', 'Chemical') :: ['thioflavin T']

answer: @entity1903 :: (4287,Gene) :: ['ataxin-3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To use threshold concentrations of @entity1324 and @entity4322 in milk and serum, respectively; identify risk for @entity1270 and @entity7288 ; and assess analyses of blood and milk samples as predictors of risk for @entity1270 in high-yielding dairy @entity291 . ANIMALS: 90 multiparous Holstein @entity291 . PROCEDURE: At intervals before and after parturition, blood samples were obtained for determination of @entity413 , nonesterified @entity1718 , @entity24168 , and @entity4322 concentrations. Samples of milk were obtained at similar intervals after parturition for determination of fat content and concentrations of @entity1324 , protein, and @entity1132 . Reproductive examination of each @entity291 was performed weekly. RESULTS: For each @entity291 , threshold concentrations of @entity1324 and @entity4322 were calculated as 75th and 90th percentiles of maximum postpartum concentrations of @entity1324 in milk (0.40 and 0.87 mmol/L) and @entity4322 in serum (2.30 and 3.51 mmol/L). Significant decrease in milk production (442 to 654 kg of energy-corrected milk/305-day period per @entity291 ) was associated with @entity1324 or @entity4322 in excess of threshold values. Milk @entity1324 concentrations > 0.40 mmol/L were associated with 3.2 times higher risk for @entity7288 . Low plasma @entity413 , high serum @entity4322 , and high milk @entity1324 concentrations during week 1 after parturition were indicators of increased risk for @entity1270 later during lactation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Determination of milk @entity1324 concentration during the week after parturition may identify @entity291 at risk for @entity1270 and @entity7288 ; with appropriate interventions, development of disease and production losses may be reduced.

title: Use of threshold serum and milk ketone concentrations to identify risk for @entity1270 and XXXX in high-yielding dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity24168 :: ('280836(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity7288 :: (MESH:D004716,Disease) :: ['endometritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantable biosensors for continuous @entity413 monitoring can greatly improve @entity6 management. However, their applications are still associated with some challenges and one of these is the gradual functionality loss postimplantation as a consequence of the foreign body response (FBR). Sensor miniaturization in combination with drug-eluting biocompatible coatings is a promising strategy to enhance in vivo performance. However, limited study has been performed to understand the effect of initial @entity130 and implant size on foreign body reaction as well as in vivo performance of implantable @entity413 sensors. METHODS: Different initial @entity130 was induced by implanting composite coated dummy sensors into @entity35 using various sized needles and 3 different-sized dummy sensors were implanted to examine the size effect. Histological evaluation was performed to relate the inflammatory cell counts and foreign body capsule thickness with the implantation needle size and sensor size respectively. The effect of biocompatible coating on the performance of implantable @entity413 sensors was determined using both coated amperometric @entity413 sensors and microdialysis probes. RESULTS: The results revealed that the degree of acute @entity32 was mainly controlled by the extent of the initial @entity130 : the greater the @entity130 , the greater the acute inflammatory response. Implant size did not affect the acute inflammatory phase. However, the extent of @entity32 and fibrous encapsulation were affected by sensor size: the smaller the size the less the extent of @entity32 and fibrous encapsulation. @entity413 sensors implanted using 14 gauge needles showed significantly lower initial in vivo response compared to those implanted using 16 gauge needles. This was not observed for sensors with @entity619 -eluting biocompatible coatings since @entity32 was suppressed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study indicate that the extent of the inflammatory response post-sensor implantation varies as a function of the initial tissue @entity130 as well as the sensor size. Accordingly, miniaturization of implantable biosensors together with the utilization of a drug-eluting biocompatible composite coating may be a promising strategy to achieve long-term reliable continuous @entity413 monitoring.

title: Foreign Body Reaction to Implantable Biosensors: Effects of Tissue XXXX and Implant Size.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have observed an inverse association between height and risk for @entity301 , but it is unclear whether other traditional @entity301 risk factors may have confounded this association. We examined the original Framingham Heart Study cohort to determine whether @entity851 is associated with all-cause mortality, @entity65 mortality, and @entity583 after adjusting for age and other traditional coronary heart disease risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 2019 @entity1 and 2585 @entity1 were followed up to 35.6 years. Subjects were stratified by sex and divided into quartiles according to height. Risk ratios were calculated from proportional hazards analyses comparing the first, second, and third quartiles of height to the tallest quartile before and after adjusting for age, @entity101 , smoking, serum @entity165 , @entity6 , relative weight, and @entity167 intake. In both sexes, there were significant differences in the unadjusted event rates between the shortest and the tallest quartile for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and @entity583 . Once the analyses were age adjusted, differences among height quartiles persisted only for risk of @entity583 in @entity1 . Further adjustment for other clinical variables had little additional impact on the results. CONCLUSIONS: After considering age and other @entity301 risk factors, @entity851 was not associated with increased risk for all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in either sex. It was associated with increased risk for @entity583 in @entity1 but not in @entity1 .

title: XXXX and risk for mortality and @entity65 events. The Framingham Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['Short stature']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine long-term trends in rates of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) mortality, a leading cause of mortality in Hungary. The study examined the effects of age, period, and cohort on @entity299 mortality rates and compared mortality rates between the capital (Budapest) and non-capital counties. METHODS: Data on @entity299 deaths and population censuses were obtained from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Age-period-cohort analysis utilized nine age-group classes for ages 40 to 84 years, eight time periods from 1970 to 2009, and 16 birth cohorts from 1886 to 1969. RESULTS: Age-adjusted @entity299 mortality rates for @entity1 and for @entity1 generally increased from 1970 to 1993 and from 1980 to 1999, respectively, decreasing thereafter for both sexes. @entity299 mortality rates for @entity1 and for @entity1 from Budapest were lower from 1991 and from 1970, respectively, than corresponding rates in non-capital counties, with the difference increasing after 1999. Age had a more significant influence on mortality rates for @entity1 than for @entity1 . The period effect increased from 1972 to 1982 and decreased thereafter for @entity1 , while the period effect decreased consistently for @entity1 from 1972 to 2007. The decline in period effect for both sexes was larger for individuals from the capital than for those from non-capital counties. The cohort effect for both sexes declined from birth years 1890 to 1965, with a steeper decline for individuals from the capital than for those from non-capital counties. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate a need for programs in Hungary for @entity299 prevention, especially for non-capital counties.

title: Health Disparities in XXXX Mortality in Hungary From 1970 to 2010: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic Heart Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and plasmapheresis treatment outcome of hyperlipidemic acute @entity788 among Uyghur population. METHODS: The clinical data of 41 cases (treatment group) diagnosed with acute hyperlipidemic @entity788 and treated with plasmapheresis from August 2007 to August 2012 was studied, and treatment outcomes were statistically analyzed. Fifty @entity1 during the same period who received medical treatment without plasmapheresis (control group) were collected, and were compared to the treatment group. Clinical data of 72 Han Chinese @entity1 with hyperlipidemic acute @entity788 from the same study period were compared to 91 Uyghur @entity1 mentioned above. The data were analyzed by t test or   (2) test. RESULTS: Treatment group and control group were comparable in terms of gender, age, APACHE II score at admission, BMI, and blood lipid levels. Thirty-two @entity1 out of 41 in the treatment group were improved after routine medical treatment and plasmapheresis, but 9 died. In the control group, 28 out of 50 cases were improved, 22 died. The mortality of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (  (2) = 10.824, P = 0.001). Time of hospital stay in treatment group was (17  16) days, and significantly shorter than that of control group ((28  20) days) (t = 2.851, P = 0.005). Before plasmapheresis in the treatment group, serum @entity412 and total @entity165 levels were (58  39) mmol/L and (24  8) mmol/L, after plasmapheresis, these values dropped significantly to (10  10) mmol/L and (6  5) mmol/L. APACHE II score of those died were 18  2, and significantly higher than those who survived (11  3) (t = 0.570, P = 0.000); Time from hospital admission until plasmapheresis were significantly longer in died @entity1 ((49  9) hours) than in survived @entity1 ((38  8)hours, t = 3.549, P = 0.040). Furthermore, serum @entity412 levels were significantly higher in survived cases ((46  16) mmol/L) than those who died ((37  15) mmol/L) (t = 2.386, P = 0.010). Both serum @entity412 and @entity165 levels were reduced significantly in control group (t = 3.484, P = 0.001; t = 4.086, P = 0.000), but the degrees of reduction were significantly lower than that of the treatment group. When comparing Uyghur @entity1 to Han @entity1 , Uyghur cases had higher serum @entity412 (t = 2.083, P = 0.039), and @entity165 levels (t = 2.535, P = 0.012), and their age was significantly younger than that of Hans (t = 3.373, P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Uyghur @entity1 with @entity407 acute @entity788 tend to have higher serum @entity412 and @entity165 levels, and age at disease onset is younger. Plasmapheresis is a more effective treatment option for @entity1 with @entity407 acute @entity788 . Treatment outcome is related to APACHE II score, serum @entity412 levels, and time frame between admission and plasmapheresis treatment.

title: [The clinical experience and plasmapheresis treatment outcome in treatment of XXXX acute @entity788 among Uyghur].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) from adult @entity19 are now believed to generate non-hematopoietic cell types. This newly defined property is referred to as stem cell plasticity. We tested the potential of lineage negative @entity17777 positive (Lin- @entity17777 +), GFP+ BMSC to differentiate into cardiac myocytes in @entity583 produced by ligation of the left coronary artery. At 9 days post-transplant the hearts showed a band of developing GFP+ myocytes within the damaged @entity1562 . These GFP+ myocytes were positive for cardiac specific myosin and early expressed transcription factors. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells also developed from the donor bone marrow cells. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) were improved. Lin- @entity17777 - cells did not regenerate @entity1562 . We next tested the ability of cytokine-mobilized BMSC to regenerate @entity1562 . Nuclei in regenerating cardiomyocytes were positive for @entity39756 / @entity39756 , @entity7006 and @entity25734 . Cytoplasmic proteins included @entity11825 , @entity60263 and @entity16899 . Regenerating arterioles consisted of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells positive for @entity14160 , and flkl. These regenerating vessels contained circulating @entity62938 positive red blood cells. Repair of @entity1188 resulted in improved heart function and survival. At day 27 after cytokine treatment and surgery, 11 of 15 @entity19 survived compared with 9 of 52 non-treated @entity19 . Left ventricular ejection fraction in infarcted hearts in cytokine-treated @entity19 was 48%, 62% and 114% higher than the ejection fraction in non-treated @entity19 at 9, 16 and 26 days following @entity1563 . These findings demonstrate that circulating autologous stem cells traffic to the @entity63 , @entity1188 and undergo differentiation into cardiomyocytes and vascular structures. We conclude that adult BMSC have the potential for repair in acute, @entity741 .

title: Stem cell repair in XXXX : an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we use a novel automated method for localization and quantitative comparison of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) delta activity in @entity1 with and without recurrent @entity410 after @entity302 surgery as well as healthy controls. METHODS: We identified the generators of delta activity by source location in frequency domain between 1 and 4  Hz in spontaneous MEG data. Comparison with healthy control subjects by z-transform emphasized relative changes of activation in @entity1 . The individual results were compared to spike localizations and statistical group analysis was performed. Additionally, MEG results were compared to 1-4  Hz activity in invasive EEG (iEEG) in two @entity1 , in whom this data was available. RESULTS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity410 exhibited significantly increased focal MEG delta activity both in comparison to healthy controls and @entity410 free @entity1 . This slow activity showed a correlation to interictal @entity302 activity and was not explained by consequences of the resection alone. In two @entity1 with iEEG, iEEG analysis was concordant with the MEG findings. SIGNIFICANCE: The quantity of delta activity could be used as a diagnostic marker for recurrent @entity410 . The close relation to @entity302 spike localizations and the resection volume of @entity1 with successful second surgery imply involvement in @entity410 recurrence. This initial evidence suggests a potential application in the planning of second @entity302 surgery.

title: The delta between postoperative @entity410 freedom and persistence: Automatically detected focal slow waves after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The safety implications of blocking the @entity1 cardiac @entity4024 channel ( @entity1788 ) make it prudent to test for this activity early in the drug discovery process and design-out any potential liability. This needs a method with adequate throughput and a demonstrable predictive value to effects in native cardiac tissues. Here we describe the validation of a method that combines the ability to screen tens of compounds a day, with direct assessment of channel function. METHODS: The electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of @entity1788 were compared using two methods: conventional, low-throughput electrophysiology and planar-array-based, medium-throughput electrophysiology (IonWorks HT). A pharmacological comparison was also made between IonWorks HT and @entity235 cardiac Purkinje Fibre action potential upstroke data. RESULTS: Activation curve parameters for @entity1788 in IonWorks HT were not statistically different (p>0.05) from those generated using conventional electrophysiology. IonWorks HT V(1/2)=-22+/-0.8 mV, slope=6.9+/-0.2 (n=11); conventional electrophysiology V(1/2)=-20+/-1.6 mV, slope=6.4+/-0.3 (n=11). Potency values for a range of @entity1788 blockers determined using IonWorks HT correlated closely with those obtained using conventional electrophysiology (R=0.967, p<0.001). The assay was able to distinguish between highly use-dependent blockers (e.g. @entity6513 ) and blockers that do not display strong use-dependence (e.g. @entity5126 ). Comparison of the degree of @entity1788 inhibition and decrease in @entity235 Purkinje fibre action potential upstroke velocity (V(max)) showed that the IonWorks HT assay would have predicted the outcome in Purkinje fibres in the majority of cases, with false negative and positive rates estimated at 8 and 7%, respectively. Finally, @entity18127 .5 pharmacology was similar when determined using either IonWorks HT or IonWorks Quattro, although the latter yielded more consistent data. DISCUSSION: The assay described combines a functional assessment of @entity1788 with medium-throughput. Furthermore the assay was able to reveal information on the use-dependency of compound block, as well as predicting @entity4024 channel effects in more integrated systems such as the cardiac Purkinje fibre action potential. This makes it possible to determine quantitative potency data, and mechanistic information about use-dependence, in a timeframe short enough to influence medicinal chemistry.

title: Optimisation and validation of a medium-throughput electrophysiology-based XXXX .5 assay using IonWorks.

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

answer: @entity18127 :: (89796,Gene) :: ['hNav1']


abstract: Recent research on immunological @entity249 in @entity1 and @entity1 is reviewed and the possibilities for therapeutic success in this area are assessed. Surface antigens of the acrosome and main tail piece appear to provoke antibodies of special relevance to male and female @entity249 and are recognized by circulating sperm-immobilizing antibodies in @entity1 and by immobilizing and agglutinizing antibodies in @entity1 . Assessment methods have focused on the development of tests of local immunity to sperm. Antisperm antibodies have been tested via sperm microagglutination, the gelatin agglutination test, the sperm immobilization test, and immunofluorescence techniques. In addition, measurement has focused on antibodies in cervical mucus, antibodies in seminal plasma, and cell-mediated immunity. Methods involving both partners include postcoital test, the sperm-cervical mucus penetration test, and the sperm-cervical mucus contact test. There remains a need for the development of specific radioimmunoassys for the precise detection and quantitation of antibodies to sperm antigens, especially those of cell membrane origin. In males, autoimmunity to sperm antigens can be related to @entity249 by 2 main pathogenic mechanisms: 1) the adverse effects of antibodies directly on spermatozoa, and 2) the association with disordered spermatogenesis resulting in @entity6660 and @entity3893 . In @entity1 , the effector pathways of local immunization mediate both systemic and cell-mediated immune responses. Local antibodies can interfere with the reproductive process by arming macrophages and enhancing phagocytic clearance of spermatozoa from the genital tract, mediating cytotoxic effects on sperm, preventing sperm from adequately penetrating cervical mucus, intefering with sperm capacitation, and influencing sperm selection within the female genital tract. Between 5-10% of infertile @entity1 and @entity1 show evidence of anitbodies to sperm. Treatment has included occlusion therapy, intrauterine insemination, immunosuppression, and spermatogenesis suppression. There is a need for prospective controlled assessment of the therapeuatic approaches currently in use, as well as for research on the role of cell-mediated immunity.

title: Immunology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The discovery of @entity0 subtypes and subsequent development of treatments aimed at them has allowed for a great reduction in the mortality of @entity0 . But despite this progress, @entity5 with similar characteristics that belong to the same subtype continue to respond differently to the same treatment. Five subtypes of @entity0 , namely intrinsic subtypes, have been characterized to date based on their gene expression profiles. Among other characteristics, subtypes vary in their degree of intra-subtype heterogeneity. It is not clear, however, whether this heterogeneity is shared across all @entity5 traits. It is also unclear whether individual traits can be highly heterogeneous among a majority of homogeneous traits. RESULTS: We employ network theory to uncover gene modules and accordingly consider them as @entity5 traits, which capture shared biological processes among the subtypes. We then use the b-diversity metric from ecology to quantify the heterogeneity in these gene modules. In doing so, we show that @entity0 heterogeneity is contained in gene modules and that this modular heterogeneity increases monotonically across the subtypes. We identify a core of two modules that are shared among all subtypes which contain nucleosome assembly and mammary morphogenesis genes, and a number of modules that are specific to subtypes. This modular heterogeneity, which increases with global heterogeneity, relates to @entity146 . Indeed, we observe that Luminal A, the most treatable of subtypes, has the lowest modular heterogeneity whereas the Basal-like subtype, which is among the hardest to treat, has the highest. Furthermore, our analysis shows that a higher degree of global heterogeneity does not imply higher heterogeneity for all modules, as Luminal B shows the highest heterogeneity for core modules. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, modular heterogeneity provides a framework with which to dissect @entity5 heterogeneity and better understand its underpinnings, thereby ultimately advancing our knowledge towards a more effective personalized @entity5 therapy.

title: Combining functional genomics strategies identifies modular heterogeneity of XXXX intrinsic subtypes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7853 ( @entity7853 ) is one of prevalent causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Our data demonstrated that @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) induced @entity4024 - @entity10406 -co-transporter 1 ( @entity19837 ) increasing in hippocampus. Previous studies demonstrated that @entity19837 regulates various stages of neurogenesis. In this study, we studied the role of increased @entity19837 in regulating of HI-induced neurogenesis. @entity7853 model was established in 7days old @entity35 pup, and the expression of @entity19837 was detected by western blot and qPCR. Brain electrical activity in freely @entity35 was monitored by electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. HI-induced neurogenesis was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Neurobehavioral test was to investigate the neuro-protective role of @entity11623 , an inhibitor of @entity19837 , on neonatal @entity35 after HI. The results showed that @entity11623 treatment significantly reduced brain electrical activity and the @entity410 stage of @entity302 induced by @entity5093 ( @entity17202 ) in vivo after HI. In addition, @entity11623 restored aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis and associated cognitive function. Our data demonstrated that @entity11623 reduces the susceptibility of @entity302 induced by @entity17202 in @entity35 suffering from @entity7853 during neonatal period via restoring the ectopic newborn neurons in dentate gyrus (DG) and cognitive function.

title: @entity11623 reduce the @entity410 susceptibility induced by XXXX via inhibition of aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis in neonatal @entity35 after @entity519 - @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7853 :: ('MESH:D020925', 'Disease') :: ['HI injury', 'HIBD', 'Hypoxia-ischemia brain damage']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['bumetanide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rat', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazol']

answer: @entity5093 :: (MESH:D010433,Chemical) :: ['pentylenetetrazol']