abstract: Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that @entity5 of the stomach fundic mucosa represent another example of @entity17000 , @entity8243 being the hormone involved in @entity5 induction. In this context @entity1373 of fundic endocrine cells associated with chronic @entity4726 (CAG) and hypergastrinaemia is regarded as the most frequent @entity1613 . However, the cell type involved in this @entity1373 has not been clarified. To elucidate this problem fundic endocrine cells were characterized ultrastructurally in 9 @entity1 from which endoscopic gastric biopsies were obtained. ECL cells were the most frequent cell type in 8 cases, in 4 of which they were more numerous than all other cell types taken together. D1 cells were the most frequent type in one case while they were inconspicuous in the other cases. P cells were found with a frequency in each case intermediate between that of ECL cells and that of D1 cells. These results indicate that @entity4903 occurring in hypergastrinaemic CAG is in most cases cytologically similar to that found in other @entity11726 conditions, in which the @entity8243 -dependent ECL cells were already found to prevail. They also explain why @entity4303 arising in CAG are mostly composed of ECL cells. The relation between ECL, D1 and P cells, if any, remains obscure.

title: Ultrastructural characterization of XXXX associated with @entity4726 and hypergastrinaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity11726 :: ('MESH:C535721', 'Disease') :: ['hypergastrinemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['fundic carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity17000 :: ('MESH:D009376', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-dependent neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['fundic endocrine cell hyperplasia']

answer: @entity4903 :: (MESH:D004700,Disease) :: ['fundic endocrine cell hyperplasia']


abstract: A distinctive slowly progressive @entity179 , which falls under a new category of @entity16 , the hereditary @entity23334 (HSA), is described in three independently ascertained Newfoundland kindreds. HSA is a heterogeneous group of disorders in which pyramidal tract features overlap cerebellar characteristics. The families are assumed to have the same condition as, although apparently unrelated, all originate in a historically isolated cluster of rural communities and link to the same locus at 12p13, @entity23335 . Clinically the phenotype is very variable but lower limb @entity4372 and @entity427 are early and prominent generally preceded by eye @entity910 , an impaired vertical downward saccade and a typical @entity135 . These are followed by variable levels of @entity2055 , @entity4653 , and @entity1282 . Onset occurs in the first two decades and can be detected in most by early adulthood. Significant mobility problems are present by the fourth decade with a broad based ataxic and @entity426 . MRI scans of brain and spinal cord were normal. @entity528 of corticospinal tracts and posterior columns and midbrain @entity528 . The phenotype is striking in its diversity among and within families and the variability of expression can be observed within the same sibship. Pedigree analysis shows no evidence of anticipation or any sex differences in severity. The condition is unusually prevalent in the province of Newfoundland, which is characteristic of a founder effect followed by isolation and large family size. Fine mapping efforts have reduced the critical interval of the @entity23335 locus to 1.9Mb. Identification of the @entity23335 gene will help to clarify the pathogenesis of this type of HSA.

title: A founder effect in three large Newfoundland families with a novel clinically variable XXXX and supranuclear gaze palsy.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary head jerk']

entities_list: @entity23334 :: ('MESH:C564815', 'Disease') :: ['spastic ataxias']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['movement abnormality']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['spastic gait']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonicity']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathology showed degeneration', 'neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity23334 :: (MESH:C564815,Disease) :: ['spastic ataxia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The arterial switch is the procedure of choice for @entity3886 , with or without @entity1757 . The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for hospital mortality. METHODS: The study included 121 @entity1 between January 1994 and June 2008. Of these, 80 (66%) were diagnosed with intact ventricular septum, and 41 (34%) with @entity1757 . Variables were collected pre-operatively, during surgery, and postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean age was 11 [8 to 16] days and a mean weight of 3.5 [3.0 to 3.7] kg. A @entity1757 was closed in 11 @entity1 (9.1%). A total of 81.8% had a normal coronary pattern. There was delayed closure of the chest in 38 @entity1 (31.4%). The hospital mortality was 11.6%, decreasing over the past 5 years to 2.1%. The weight, abnormal coronary pattern, time of cardiopulmonary bypass, mean arterial pressure at admission, pulmonary dead space, and delayed closure of the chest, were risk factors of mortality. The model that best predicts @entity204 , consists of the mean arterial pressure at admission, and delayed closure of the chest. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in extracorporeal circulation time and the use of delayed closure of the chest, have helped to reduce mortality. The abnormal coronary pattern remains a risk factor for mortality. In @entity1 with delayed closure of the chest, a mean arterial pressure at admission >=  47.5 mmHg is a goal to achieve.

title: [Prognostic evaluation of arterial switch in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of great arteries']


abstract: While most data in the literature indicate that chemically-induced mammary @entity105 in the @entity35 proceeds through morphologically identifiable stages, little quantitative data exist on the frequency of their occurrence. A carcinogen induction protocol is reported that defines conditions under which approximately 38% of detectable lesions in the abdominal-inguinal mammary glands were histologically classified as either intraductal proliferations or @entity513 in situ. The remainder of the lesions were classified as @entity189 . This response was observed in a group of 30 female @entity35 injected i.p. with 50 mg @entity7045 ( @entity7045 )/kg body wt at 21 days of age. The experiment was terminated 35 days following carcinogen administration. The methods used to prepare whole mounts and to identify, excise and process lesions in the whole mounts to permit histological classification are described in detail. This @entity105 protocol also induced a significant palpable @entity5 response. The first palpable @entity5 , histologically classified as an @entity420 , was observed 30 days post carcinogen administration. When the experiment was terminated (35 days post @entity7045 ), the cumulative incidence of palpable @entity189 was 60%. The rapidity of the carcinogenic response was remarkable. Unlike the i.v. administration of @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) to @entity35 of this age, @entity7045 injection resulted in > 99% incidence of palpable @entity5 that were malignant. The data reported in this paper confirm and support the pathogenetic pathway described for the induction of @entity5 in the @entity35 by @entity106 . The induction of mammary @entity105 in immature animals described in this paper may be of value in the investigation of early morphologically identifiable stages of this disease process as well as providing an extremely rapid method for @entity5 induction.

title: Rapid induction of mammary intraductal proliferations, @entity513 in situ and XXXX by the injection of sexually immature female @entity35 with @entity7045 .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['MNU', '1-methyl-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'mammary gland tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: The effect of @entity120 on right-ventricular performance in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is unclear. Decreased values of @entity4266 ( @entity4266 ) have been reported, but most @entity1 with stable @entity1030 are not in @entity712 and have normal or even increased cardiac outputs. We therefore hypothesized that @entity4266 may be afterload dependent, and thus a poor parameter of cardiac function, and that right-ventricular contractility may be normal even in @entity1030 @entity1 with @entity120 . We therefore studied 24 @entity1030 @entity1 using a combined hemodynamic and radionuclide approach. @entity4266 and thermodilution @entity64 volume index were measured simultaneously at rest in all 24 @entity1 and also during bicycle ergometry in 9 @entity1 . We then calculated end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indices and derived right-ventricular systolic pressure-volume relations in all and the slopes (E) of the pressure-volume line in 9 @entity1 . @entity4266 was normal in @entity1030 @entity1 without @entity120 , but was reduced in those with @entity120 . A strong inverse linear relation between @entity4266 and mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = -0.73; p less than 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = -0.69; p less than 0.001) could be demonstrated, indicating @entity4266 to be highly afterload dependent. Right-ventricular end-diastolic volume index was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity120 , indicating increased preload as the major mechanism to maintain adequate @entity64 volume in the face of an increased afterload. Right-ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relations, a good parameter to define right-ventricular contractility independent of systolic loading conditions, were not different between @entity1030 @entity1 with or without @entity120 , nor did the slopes of the pressure-volume lines in the 9 @entity1 studied during exercise show any difference. From these data we conclude that (a) @entity4266 is a poor indicator of overall right-ventricular function; (b) right-ventricular contractility is well preserved in stable @entity1030 @entity1 ; (c) the major mechanism of maintaining @entity64 volume in the face of increased right-ventricular afterload seems to be preload augmentation.

title: Right-ventricular contractility in XXXX : a combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['RVEF', 'right-ventricular ejection fraction']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing initiatives to support @entity1 self-management of @entity299 do not appear to be reaching @entity1 most in need. Providing self-management programs over the Internet (web-based interventions) might help reduce health disparities by reaching a greater number of @entity1 . However, it is unclear whether they can achieve this goal and whether their effectiveness might be limited by the digital divide. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of a web-based intervention in decreasing inequalities in access to self-management support in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ). METHODS: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to explore use made of a web-based intervention over a period of 9 months. @entity1 with @entity301 , with or without home Internet access or previous experience using the Internet, were recruited from primary care centers in diverse socioeconomic and ethnic areas of North London, UK. @entity1 without home Internet were supported in using the intervention at public Internet services. RESULTS: Only 10.6% of eligible @entity1 chose to participate (N=168). @entity1 were predominantly Caucasian well-educated @entity1 , with greater proportions of male and younger @entity301 @entity1 among @entity1 than were registered at participating primary care practices. Most had been diagnosed with @entity301 a number of years prior to the study. Relatively few had been newly diagnosed or had experienced a @entity299 in the previous 5 years. Most had home Internet access and prior experience using the Internet. A greater use of the intervention was observed in older @entity1 (for each 5-year age increase, OR 1.25 for no, low or high intervention use, 95% CI, 1.06-1.47) and in those that had home Internet access and prior Internet experience (OR 3.74, 95% CI, 1.52-9.22). Less use was observed in @entity1 that had not recently experienced a @entity299 or diagnosis (>=  5 years since @entity299 or diagnosis; OR 0.69, 95% CI, 0.50-0.95). Gender and level of education were not statistically related to level of use of the intervention. Data suggest that a recent @entity299 or diagnosis increased the need for information and advice in @entity1 . However, @entity1 that had been diagnosed several years ago showed little need for information and support. The inconvenience of public Internet access was a barrier for @entity1 without home Internet access. The use of the intervention by @entity1 with little or no Internet experience was limited by a lack of confidence with computers and discomfort with asking for assistance. It was also influenced by the level of @entity1 need for information and by their perception of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of a web-based intervention, with support for use at home or through public Internet services, did not result in a large number or all types of @entity1 with @entity301 using the intervention for self-management support. The effectiveness of web-based interventions for @entity1 with @entity102 remains a significant challenge.

title: The potential of Web-based interventions for XXXX self-management: a mixed methods investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a common complication after @entity64 . @entity2133 ( @entity2133 ) is suggested as a novel method for treatment of @entity508 . OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of @entity2133 on wrist flexors @entity508 poststroke. METHODS: A single group, pretest-posttest clinical trial was used. Twenty nine @entity1 with @entity64 (16 male; mean age 54.3 years) were tested at baseline (T0), immediately after @entity2133 (T1), and one hour after @entity2133 (T2). @entity2133 was applied for flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor carpi ulnaris on the affected arm for single session, one minute per muscle. The Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS), passive resistance force, wrist active and passive range of motion, Box and Block Test, and FCR H-reflex were outcome measures. RESULTS: Significant reductions in MMAS scores were seen both immediately after @entity2133 and at 1-hour follow-up (median 2 at T0 to 1 at T1 and T2). There were significant improvements in other measures between the baseline values at T0 and those recorded immediately after the @entity2133 at T1 or one hour later at T2. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity2133 reduced wrist flexors @entity508 and alpha motor neuron excitability in @entity1 with @entity64 , and improvements persisted for one hour after @entity2133 .

title: A single group, pretest-posttest clinical trial for the effects of dry needling on wrist flexors XXXX after @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'Dry needling']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasticity', 'spasticity']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: The @entity177 caused by group A streptococci (GAS) designated streptococcal @entity137 (STSS) is believed to be mediated by cytokines induced by superantigens. In order to study the relationship between superantigen production, cytokine levels in @entity1 sera, and clinical GAS manifestation we examined acute-phase sera and strains from 25 @entity1 with GAS @entity2259 . The @entity1 had various disease manifestations, including STSS (44%), @entity13171 (28%), @entity295 (24%), wound @entity281 (16%), and @entity55 (12%). Serotype T1M1 dominated, representing 56% of the isolates, but also strains of other serotypes were identified. The strains were found to produce the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (Spe) A, B, and F, as determined by immuno-blot analyses. There was no difference in amounts of toxin produced between strains isolated from @entity1 with different manifestations of disease. Levels of @entity310 , @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity379 in acute-phase sera were determined by use of ELISA and RIA assays. The analyses showed higher levels of @entity650 in sera from @entity1 with STSS than in sera from @entity1 with @entity2259 without @entity1457 . @entity310 was elevated in sera from @entity1 with STSS, as compared to sera from @entity1 with @entity13172 . No increase in the levels of @entity1192 , @entity687 , and @entity379 could be found in the @entity1 sera and there was no difference in the level of those cytokines between the various @entity1 categories.

title: Correlation between serum @entity310 and XXXX levels and severity of group A streptococcal infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity13172 :: ('MESH:C536333', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated pharyngotonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL6']


abstract: Near-infrared spectroscopy offers the potential for direct in situ analysis in complex biological systems. Chemical selectivity is a critical issue for such measurements given the extent of spectral overlap of overtone and combination spectra. In this work, the chemical basis of selectivity is investigated for a set of multivariate calibration models designed to quantify @entity413 , @entity3776 , and @entity2388 independently in ternary mixtures. Near-infrared spectra are collected over the combination region (4,000-5,000 cm(-1)) for a set of 60 standard solutions maintained at 37 degrees C. These standard solutions are composed of randomized concentrations (0.5-30 mM) of @entity413 , @entity3776 , and @entity2388 . Individual calibration models are constructed for each solute by using the @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) algorithm with optimized spectral range and number of latent variables. The resulting standard errors are 0.90, 0.72, and 0.32 mM for @entity413 , @entity3776 , and @entity2388 , respectively. A pure component selectivity analysis (PCSA) demonstrates selectivity for each solute in these ternary samples. The concentration of each solute is also predicted for each sample by using a set of @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) calibration models. A comparison of the @entity1625 and @entity7303 calibration vectors demonstrates the chemical basis of selectivity for these multivariate methods. Selectivity of each @entity1625 and @entity7303 calibration model originates from the unique spectral features associated with the targeted analyte. Overall, selectivity is demonstrated for each solute with an order of sensitivity of @entity2388 > @entity3776 > @entity413 .

title: Selectivity for @entity413 , @entity3776 , and XXXX in ternary mixtures from the multivariate analysis of near-infrared spectra.

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['net analyte signal', 'NAS']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PLS', 'partial least-squares']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Many reports have addressed the feasibility and safety of using robotic surgery in @entity1 . To our knowledge, no published report has described the use of a surgical robot in the repair of @entity2463 ( @entity2463 ). METHODS: Included @entity1 underwent robotic-assisted repair of @entity2463 with @entity292 between April 2006 and March 2010 at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using the da Vinci Surgical System. Their medical records were reviewed with respect to demographic data, associated anomalies, techniques and operative procedures, complications, outcomes, and follow-up. RESULTS: Five male @entity1 (mean age, 6.6 months) underwent robotic-assisted repair of @entity2463 with @entity292 using the Georgeson technique. The fistulae were divided and ligated in 4 @entity1 and was left open in 1. All procedures were successfully completed without conversion to an open technique. One @entity1 developed left-sided epididymo- @entity11570 postoperatively. All the @entity1 had their colostomy closed. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months. Fecal continence was difficult to assess in 2 @entity1 . Two @entity1 have @entity717 without soiling. One @entity1 has fecal soiling and is on a laxative/enema for @entity1142 . CONCLUSIONS: Robotically assisted repair of @entity2463 with @entity292 is feasible and safe. It offers a good alternative to the criterion standard, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP), for repair of @entity2463 with @entity292 . More @entity1 and a longer follow-up period are needed for further evaluation of this novel approach.

title: Robotic-assisted anorectal pull-through for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformations', 'ARMs']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['rectourethral fistula']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity2463 :: (MESH:C537771,Disease) :: ['anorectal malformations']


abstract: This study was undertaken to examine prognosis after resection for M1 disease in @entity1721 . Fifty-six @entity1 with M1 @entity418 underwent esophageal resection with two or three-field nodal dissection from 1994 to 2001. Operative mortality occurred in 3 @entity1 . Primary @entity5 sites were as follows; 10 upper, 23 middle, and 20 lower thoracic esophagus. They were found to have M1 disease by pathologic examination of dissected nodes, 24 M1a and 29 M1b. Forty-two @entity1 (79%) were considered to have undergone curative resection. Chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy was given to 38 @entity1 perioperatively. Recurrence was identified in 35 @entity1 (66%) during a mean follow-up of 23 months. Overall median and 5-yr survivals were 19 months and 12.7%. Five-year survivals for M1a and @entity66 were 23.9% and 6.1%, respectively (p=0.0488). Curative resection tended to show better survival (p=0.3846). Chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy provided no advantage (p=0.5370). Multivariate analysis showed that M1b was significant risk factor over @entity66 . Our conclusion is that surgical resection can provide acceptable survival in thoracic squamous @entity418 with @entity66 . Survival differences between M1a and @entity66 support the current subclassification staging system.

title: Prognosis after surgical resection of M1a/M1b XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['M1a disease', 'M1b disease']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: A prospective study was conducted in 104 consecutive @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography for the evaluation of @entity951 . 50 @entity1 experienced unstable symptoms, while the rest of them were stable. @entity301 reducing the luminal diameter by at least 50% were compared between both groups according to localization, grade, length, type and collateralization. @entity75 ( @entity75 ) appeared more frequently in the unstable group of @entity1 (27% vs 3%, P less than 0.01), while the incidence of concentric lesions was higher in stable group (45% vs 26%, P less than 0.02). There was no significant difference in localization, grade, length, or collateralization. @entity75 were most frequently identified as spontaneous AP producing lesions (55%, P less than 0.001) in 29 @entity1 in the unstable group. Spontaneous angina was associated in 86% with @entity75 , occlusions, or filling defects--all of these lesions might contain occlusive or nonocclusive thrombi. @entity75 with a narrow neck appeared on angiograms earlier than @entity75 with a wall irregularity. We conclude that @entity75 is a sensitive and very specific angiographic marker of unstable AP. The morphologic details of @entity75 may help one to choose appropriate therapy.

title: Angiographic morphology and intraluminal coronary artery thrombus in XXXX with @entity951 : clinical correlations.

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['EIL', 'Eccentric irregular lesions']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few studies that report on @entity850 of the intrahepatic bile ducts associated with @entity2941 . We investigated the presence and clinical significance of @entity850 of the intrahepatic bile ducts associated with @entity2941 . STUDY DESIGN: We examined intrahepatic bile ducts in @entity1 with @entity2941 using cholangiography (93 @entity1 ), endoscopy and direct observation during surgery (19 @entity1 ), and histologic examination (12 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Stenosis of the intrahepatic bile duct was present in 75 (80.6 percent) of 93 @entity1 with @entity2941 . Endoscopic and direct observation detected @entity850 , which consisted of a diaphragm, in 11 of 19 @entity1 . @entity850 , which consisted of a bridge-like septum, was present in eight of 19 @entity1 . Stenoses consisted of mucosal and fibromuscular layers. Intrahepatic calculi developed in eight @entity1 with @entity850 following resection of the @entity2941 . CONCLUSIONS: Membranous or septal @entity850 of the intrahepatic bile duct is a characteristic feature of @entity2941 . Our findings suggest that these stenoses should be treated surgically because of the risk of intrahepatic calculi.

title: XXXX of the intrahepatic bile duct associated with @entity2941 .

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cysts']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['membranous stenosis', 'Septal stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Congenital stenosis']


abstract: We have studied the development of sternum in @entity1 . Complete microscopic series of sections through thorax of @entity1 embryos and fetuses from the second and third months of gestation served as the research material. Preparations were stained by @entity3737 and Mayer's haematoxyline, counterstained by @entity1711 . We also had a set of macroscopic preparations of sterna and adjacent parts of ribs from fetuses of the fifth and sixth months of gestation. These specimens were stained by @entity3737 and by @entity622 and subsequently cleared by @entity653 method. We have found that sternum develops by a fusion of sternal bars. Sternal bars develop from anterior bent parts of ribs, lying one over another like tiles. The newly formed sternum has different proportions in comparison to its definitive state. In all the cases its manubrium is wider and bigger, its xiphoid process is longer, in almost all the cases doubled or at least bifurcated. The sternocostal junctions are provided with interzones with the exception of the first rib. Its primordium continues into sternum without any border. Clavicle is connected with sternal anlage without any visible border and this interzone quickly develops as the primordia of the sternoclavicular articulation and the disc. In the medial part, there is a cartilaginous model which ossifies very early--as the first bone of the body. In young embryos from the end of the second month of gestation the clavicle and sternum show very different structures. Ossification of the sternum begins in the fifth month by developing a large number of very small centers of ossification which are not yet detectable by X-ray or CT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Contribution to the study of the development and ossification of XXXX sternum.

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['Alizarine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerine']

entities_list: @entity3737 :: ('MESH:D000423', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcian blue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To further knowledge of @entity19364 and its importance within the overall condition of the @entity1 , with a view to making it relevant in the differential diagnosis of other conditions such as xanthomata or @entity45 . DESIGN: A descriptive study of a crossover type. SETTING: Primary care and the dermatology clinic of a health centre in the metropolitan area of Madrid. @entity1 AND OTHER @entity1 : The records of @entity1 with @entity19364 confirmed by histological tests during 1990-1993 were examined. @entity1 with only a clinical diagnosis were discarded. The different diagnoses on referral by the primary care doctor were also studied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seven @entity1 (5 @entity1 , two @entity1 ) were confirmed by histological tests as suffering @entity19364 . They were between 16 and 52 years old. Four had lesions only on the eyelids; in the other three they were widespread. All of them were asymptomatic, had been over three years without lesions and had no special previous history. None of them wanted to undergo treatment. The referral diagnoses cited xanthomata in five cases and @entity45 in the others. CONCLUSIONS: The primary care doctor must become better informed about @entity19364 , given its frequent @entity911 with other conditions (xanthomata and @entity45 ). This @entity911 gives rise to unnecessary additional examinations and discomfort for the @entity1 . These lesions should be verified histologically, as it is an nonaggressive method.

title: [ XXXX . Presentation of 7 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['milium cysts']

entities_list: @entity19364 :: ('MESH:D018252', 'Disease') :: ['syringomas', 'syringoma', 'Syringomas']

answer: @entity19364 :: (MESH:D018252,Disease) :: ['Syringomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduced high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) concentration is considered to be an independent risk factor for @entity65 and mortality. Fibrates are useful in managing dyslipidaemia; reports highlight an expected increase in HDL-C of 10-15% in conjunction with falls in plasma @entity1674 of approximately 30%. Despite this, there are several reported cases of paradoxical decreases in HDL-C caused by fibrate treatment. AIM: To report the second largest observational study to date. METHODS: @entity3724 use at a regional lipid clinic was associated with reductions in HDL-C in a considerable proportion of @entity1 , necessitating cessation of the medication. In view of this, characteristics of the first 94 @entity1 to be given @entity3724 were retrospectively analysed, and comparisons were made between those whose profiles responded as expected and those experiencing paradoxical decreases in HDL-C. RESULTS: 94 @entity1 (57 male; mean (SD) age 52.5 (12.5) years; mean (SD) body mass index 28.9 (4.5) kg/m2) were assessed. After 8-12 weeks on daily @entity3724 (200 mg micronised or equivalent), 43 of the @entity1 (46%) showed a paradoxical decrease in HDL-C (in nine the decrease was >50% from baseline). When responses to @entity3724 were compared against baseline variables, there were no significant differences between groups other than a higher baseline HDL-C (p = 0.045) in @entity1 responding appropriately. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3724 was associated with a reduction in HDL-C in almost half the @entity1 studied. This is substantially more than in most studies reported to date. Other HDL-C-raising strategies need to be considered in these @entity1 , and the mechanisms need to be explored.

title: Paradoxical decreases in high-density lipoprotein XXXX with @entity3724 : a quite common phenomenon.

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate', 'Fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The dramatic increase in obesity-related diseases emphasizes the need to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fat metabolism. To investigate how natural substances influence lipolysis and adipogenesis, we determined the effects of White Tea extract on cultured @entity1 subcutaneous preadipocytes and adipocytes. METHODS: For our in vitro studies we used a White Tea extract solution that contained @entity6398 and @entity13318 . Utilizing cultured @entity1 preadipocytes we investigated White Tea extract solution-induced inhibition of @entity412 incorporation during adipogenesis and possible effects on cell viability. In vitro studies on @entity1 adipocytes were performed aiming to elucidate the efficacy of White Tea extract solution to stimulate lipolytic activity. To characterize White Tea extract solution-mediated effects on a molecular level, we analyzed gene expression of essential adipogenesis-related transcription factors by qRT-PCR and determined the expression of the transcription factor @entity1404 / @entity21434 on the protein level utilizing immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS: Our data show that incubation of preadipocytes with White Tea extract solution significantly decreased @entity412 incorporation during adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner (n = 10) without affecting cell viability (n = 10). These effects were, at least in part, mediated by @entity3090 (n = 10, 50  M). In addition, White Tea extract solution also stimulated lipolytic activity in adipocytes (n = 7). Differentiating preadipocytes cultivated in the presence of 0.5% White Tea extract solution showed a decrease in @entity6864 , @entity1404 / @entity21434 , @entity6863 and @entity6863   mRNA levels. Moreover, the expression of the transcription factor @entity1404 / @entity21434 was not only decreased on the mRNA but also on the protein level. CONCLUSION: White Tea extract is a natural source that effectively inhibits adipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis-activity. Therefore, it can be utilized to modulate different levels of the adipocyte life cycle.

title: White Tea extract induces lipolytic activity and inhibits adipogenesis in XXXX subcutaneous (pre)-adipocytes.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity13318 :: ('CHEBI:25348', 'Chemical') :: ['methylxanthines']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To study the mechanism of alcoholic @entity2298 , @entity6599 were pair-fed liquid diets containing 50% of energy as @entity1068 or as additional @entity1735 for 5-16 months. @entity167 -fed animals developed @entity2298 and early stages of alcoholic @entity99 with or without perivenular @entity82 . In the fasting state, the @entity412 content was sixfold higher in very low density (VLDL) and intermediate density (IDL) lipoproteins and twofold higher in low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoproteins. The increase in VLDL was markedly exaggerated in the postprandial state. To investigate the source of these increases, we determined net output or removal of serum @entity1674 during circulation through either splanchnic or extrasplanchnic (lower extremities) vascular beds. In the splanchnic territory, there was net output of @entity1674 in VLDL and net removal from the other lipoproteins. In alcohol-fed @entity6599 , the output of VLDL- @entity1674 into the hepatic (but not into the portal) vein tripled. This increase was mainly due to production of VLDL particles that were larger and had a flotation (Sf greater than 400) different from the Sf 20-400 which predominated in controls. This was associated with increased splanchnic removal of labeled chylomicron- or VLDL- @entity1674 . In the lower extremities, there was an arteriovenous difference in VLDL- @entity412 concentration and this was increased in the alcohol-fed animals. Thus, the primary mechanism of the @entity2298 in alcohol-fed @entity6599 was increased production of large, chylomicron-like VLDL by the liver, whereas both the extrasplanchnic extraction of VLDL- @entity1674 and the splanchnic extraction of @entity1674 from chylomicron- and VLDL-remnants were secondarily enhanced.

title: Pathogenesis of the @entity2298 at early stages of alcoholic XXXX in the baboon.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['injury, namely fatty liver']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: The weak bases @entity503 , @entity12433 , @entity8777 and the ionophore @entity6193 exert similar but not identical effects on sorting, transport and processing of @entity10815 in several @entity1 cell lines (fibroblasts, HepG2 cells, U937, monocytes). The drugs inhibit the segregation of newly synthesized @entity10815 from the secretory route. The kinetics of transport of nonsegregated @entity10815 precursor along the secretory route is retarded resulting in a delayed @entity4089 . Higher concentrations of the drugs can arrest the intracellular transport completely. The extent of inhibition of segregation varies among the different @entity1 cell types tested. Thus, in fibroblasts the secretion can be stimulated to exceed 80%, while in U937 cells the secretion cannot be enhanced above 50% although both cell types have the same basal rate of secretion (approximately 10% of the synthesized @entity10815 ). We suggest that pH-independent sorting mechanisms contribute to the targeting of @entity10815 in U937 cells. Processing of the @entity10815 remaining in cells is characteristically changed depending on the drug. The proteolytic processing is strongly inhibited by @entity503 and is rather insensitive to @entity6193 . Unlike the other drugs, @entity6193 blocks the formation of complex oligosaccharides in @entity10815 and allows for extensive secretion solely of molecules that are sensitive to endo H.

title: On the effects of weak bases and @entity6193 on sorting and processing of lysosomal enzymes in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['monensin']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretion']

entities_list: @entity12433 :: ('MESH:D011319', 'Chemical') :: ['primaquine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1817 has been previously reported to occur in 13% to 16% of @entity1 after the Fontan operation. Although there is concern that an intermediate cavopulmonary connection may increase the risk of @entity1817 , previous studies have not reported on @entity1 routinely staged to a Fontan operation. This study sought to determine the early and late incidences of @entity1817 in @entity1 systematically and uniformly staged to a Fontan operation after a prior hemi-Fontan. METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine the early incidence of @entity1817 , hospital records and perioperative ECGs were reviewed in all 287 @entity1 having had a staged Fontan operation between January 1990 and December 1995. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 220 of 239 surviving @entity1 (92%) to determine the late incidence of @entity1817 . @entity1817 was present in 7% of the @entity1 before and in 15% after the hemi-Fontan. Although most @entity1 (81%) regained normal sinus node function between the 2 stages, 23% had @entity1817 in the early postoperative period after the Fontan. Of the 95 @entity1 followed for > 4 years after the Fontan operation, 44% had @entity1817 . However, at a mean follow-up of 3.5 +/- 1.7 years, only 16 @entity1 (6.7%) had received a pacemaker and only 10 (4.1%) had documented @entity956 . CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative @entity1817 is common after both the hemi-Fontan and the Fontan procedures. Although many @entity1 regain sinus node function between the 2 stages, late @entity1817 is common and more likely to occur in @entity1 with @entity1817 and those with longer follow-up.

title: XXXX after a systematically staged Fontan procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus node dysfunction', 'early sinus node dysfunction', 'sinus node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

answer: @entity1817 :: (MESH:D012804,Disease) :: ['Sinus node function']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We assessed the clinical value of repeat spine CT scan in 108 @entity1 aged 18-60years who underwent repeat lumbar spine CT scan for @entity1643 or @entity614 from January 2008 to December 2010. @entity1 with a @entity5 or symptoms suggesting underlying disease were excluded from the study. Clinical data was retrospectively reviewed. Index examinations and repeat CT scan performed at a mean of 24.3  11.3months later were compared by a senior musculoskeletal radiologist. @entity854 ( @entity3976 , sequestration, bulge), @entity612 , disc space @entity543 , and bony changes (osteophytes, @entity174 , other changes) were documented. Indications for CT scan were @entity1643 (60 @entity1 , 55%), @entity614 (46 @entity1 , 43%), or nonspecific @entity615 (two @entity1 , 2%). A total of 292 spine pathologies were identified in 98 @entity1 (90.7%); in 10 @entity1 (9.3%) no spine pathology was seen on index or repeat CT scan. At repeat CT scan, 269/292 pathologies were unchanged (92.1%); 10/292 improved (3.4%), 8/292 worsened (2.8%, disc @entity3976 or @entity612 ), and five new pathologies were identified. No substantial therapeutic change was required in @entity1 with worsened or new pathology. Added diagnostic value from repeat CT scan performed within 2-3years was rare in @entity1 suffering chronic or recurrent @entity1643 or @entity614 , suggesting that repeat CT scan should be considered only in @entity1 with progressive @entity51 , new @entity16 , or signs implying serious underlying conditions.

title: Value of repeat CT scans in XXXX and @entity614 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complaints']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Disc abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['narrowing']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: We examined the mechanism of @entity2151 pool changes in @entity1499 -treated @entity8270 cells in culture. In exponentially growing cells, @entity1499 inhibited @entity855 and @entity3007 formation and stimulated @entity856 and @entity93 formation by the de novo pathways. Over the following 4 h, @entity855 and @entity3007 decreased and @entity856 and @entity93 increased. During this period RNA synthesis rates decreased by 30 to 40%. Inhibitors of nucleolar RNA synthesis ( @entity4316 , @entity632 , or @entity1880 ), but not of DNA synthesis ( @entity2592 ), prevented @entity855 and @entity3007 depletion. These results suggest that @entity855 and @entity3007 were depleted in @entity1499 -treated cells because the shift-down of RNA synthesis occurred more slowly than the inhibition of @entity855 and @entity3007 supply. @entity856 and @entity93 pools increased because of increased de novo synthesis and because of decreased consumption in RNA synthesis. @entity14165 triphosphates were increased and their syntheses by de novo pathways were inhibited in cells treated with RNA synthesis inhibitors. @entity855 decreased slightly and @entity3007 remained unchanged in growth-arrested cells treated with @entity1499 . In growth-arrested cells, de novo purine @entity377 synthesis was inhibited less and RNA synthesis rates were lower than in growing cells.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity2151 pools in growing and in growth-arrested tumor cells and antagonism by RNA synthesis inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity14165 :: ('CHEBI:18254', 'Chemical') :: ['Ribonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich ascites tumor']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the leading cause of @entity5 worldwide. Pemetrexed, a multi-target folate antagonist, has demonstrated efficacy in @entity1149 histological subtypes characterized by low @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) expression. Among many other potential targets, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) modulate @entity1382 expression, potentially sensitizing to the cytotoxic action of anti- @entity5 drugs that target the @entity1501 pathway, such as pemetrexed. Since high levels of @entity1382 have been linked to clinical resistance to pemetrexed in @entity1149 , herein we investigated the molecular and functional effects of combined pemetrexed and @entity15184 , a pan-HDACi currently in clinical trials as an anti- @entity5 agent. RESULTS: In @entity1149 cell lines, HDAC inhibition by @entity15184 induced histone and tubulin acetylation and downregulated @entity1382 expression at the mRNA and protein level. In combination experiments in vitro @entity15184 and pemetrexed demonstrated sequence-dependent synergistic growth-inhibitory effects, with the sequence pemetrexed followed by @entity15184 inducing a strikingly synergistic reduction in cell viability and induction of both apoptosis and autophagy in all cell line models tested, encompassing both @entity420 and @entity957 . Conversely, simultaneous administration of both drugs achieved frankly antagonistic effects, while the sequence of @entity15184 followed by pemetrexed had additive to slightly synergistic growth-inhibitory effects only in certain cell lines. Similarly, highly synergistic growth inhibition was also observed in @entity1 -derived @entity2 stem cells (LCSC) exposed to pemetrexed followed by @entity15184 . In terms of molecular mechanisms of interaction, the synergistic growth-inhibitory effects observed were only partially related to @entity1382 modulation by @entity15184 , as genetic silencing of @entity1382 expression potentiated growth inhibition by either pemetrexed or @entity15184 and, to a lesser extent, by their sequential combination. Genetic and pharmacological approaches provided an interesting link between the autophagic and apoptotic pathways, and showed that sequential pemetrexed/ @entity15184 causes a toxic form of autophagy with consequent activation of a caspase-dependent apoptotic program. In vivo experiments in @entity1149 xenografts confirmed that sequential pemetrexed/ @entity15184 is feasible and results in increased inhibition of @entity5 growth and increased @entity19 survival. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these data provide a strong rationale for the clinical development of sequential schedules employing pemetrexed followed by HDACi in @entity1149 .

title: Histone deacetylase inhibition synergistically enhances pemetrexed cytotoxicity through induction of apoptosis and autophagy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['thymidylate synthase', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The humanitarian response to the crisis in Darfur is the largest humanitarian operation in the world. To investigate the evolution of the conditions of the affected population, we analysed trends in @entity3147 and mortality, the most widely accepted indicators for assessing the degree of severity of a crisis. METHODS: We did a meta-analysis of 164 publicly available surveys taking into account changes in the contextual situation and humanitarian aid; type of population [residents and internally displaced @entity1 (IDPs)]; and seasonal variations. Data on global acute @entity3147 (GAM), @entity697 ( @entity697 ), crude @entity204 rate (CDR) and under-five @entity204 rate (U5DR) were analysed using a random effect model. RESULTS: GAM and @entity697 decreased by 16% and 28%, respectively, in 2004-05, whereas CDR dropped by 44-75% per year depending on state and type of population and U5DR decreased by an overall 50% yearly. Both security and the humanitarian contexts became increasingly complex after 2005, but levels of @entity3147 stabilized in North and South Darfur. In West Darfur, GAM remained stable but @entity697 tended to increase for IDPs, although mortality rates remained constant. Mortality increased slightly for residents in South Darfur after 2005, even though nutritional status was stable. GAM, @entity697 , CDR and U5DR fluctuated markedly with seasons. CONCLUSION: A meta-analysis of myriads of surveys permitted us to draw an overall picture of the situation in Darfur and to identify some of its influencing factors. The large humanitarian operation, which gained momentum through 2004-05, was able to contain the crisis despite huge difficulties, but did not compensate for seasonal variations. The situation has remained fragile with some negative patterns tending to emerge. It is crucial that the humanitarian situation continues to be closely monitored.

title: Trends in XXXX and mortality in Darfur, Sudan, between 2004 and 2008: a meta-analysis of publicly available surveys.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['SAM', 'severe acute malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is a  common complex disease characterized by @entity32 which may involve several tissues and organs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR)  3 and  9 in @entity1252 @entity1 , and to investigate their relationship to clinical features, disease activity, and damage. @entity1 AND METHODS: The current study included 24  Egyptian female @entity1252 @entity1 and 15  matched controls. Disease activity was assessed using the @entity1252 Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and damage using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) index. Expression of @entity6800 and @entity6801 in B- ( @entity1075 -positive) and T-lymphocytes (CD3-positive) was studied using flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity1 age ranged between 17  and 42  years (mean 26.17        5.78  years). There was a  significant difference between @entity1 and controls regarding @entity6800 /CD3, @entity6800 / @entity1075 , @entity6801 /CD3, and @entity6801 / @entity1075 expression (p   <  0.0001). There were significant correlations of @entity6800 /CD3, @entity6800 / @entity1075 , and @entity6801 / @entity1075 with serum @entity1011 (r   =   0.52, p   =   0.009; r   =   0.504, p   =   0.012; and r   =   0.58, p   =   0.003; respectively) and negative correlations with ALT levels (r   =   -0.42, p   =   0.04; r   =   -0.49, p   =   0.016; and r   =   -0.472, p   =   0.02; respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that @entity6800 and @entity6801 play a  role in the pathogenesis of @entity1252 , and have an impact on organ involvement in this disease. More studies concerning the biology and function of TLRs are required in larger @entity1 cohorts, and may lead to development of a  new class of drugs.

title: Expression of Toll  -like receptors  3 and  9 in Egyptian @entity1252 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic generalized inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Biopsy is required to confirm @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 in position emission tomography (PET)-positive @entity1600 due to the low specificity of PET. Currently, invasive surgical techniques such as mediastinoscopy or mediastinotomy are standard procedures for obtaining @entity1600 specimen. It would be desirable to have a less invasive way of sampling suspicious @entity1600 . Herein, we report a case of successful endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for the diagnosis of CT-negative and PET-positive @entity1600 that was found after curative resection in @entity2 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description in Korea to perform EUS-FNA for the evaluation of metastatic @entity1600 during the follow-up period after @entity2 resection.A 63-years old male @entity1 was diagnosed as a stage T4N0M0 @entity1149 . VATS-aided left upper lobectomy with mediastinal @entity1600 dissection was performed, and the @entity1 revealed no recurrence for a year. During the follow up, serum level of @entity787 increased to 7.8 ng/mL, but CT failed to show any suspicious lesions. On PET-CT finding, a @entity75 was noted in paraesophageal @entity1600 . We performed EUS-guided FNA to obtain a biopsy specimen from paraesophageal @entity1600 , and this proved to be a metastatic @entity420 . In conclusion, EUS-FNA provided minimally invasive confirmation of the metastatic @entity1600 in recurrent a @entity2 @entity1 after curative resection. EUS-FNA should be considered for suspicious metastatic @entity1600 to confirm @entity5 .

title: Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Fine Needle Aspiration for Computed Tomography-negative and Positron Emission Tomography-positive Mediastinal Lymph Node in a XXXX with Recurrent @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: A retrospective study was conducted on 22 @entity1 with @entity703 treated at our University Hospital between 1970 and 1984. The @entity1 included 18 males and 4 females, from 31 to 81 years of age. The left kidney was involved in 14 cases, and the right in 8. More than 60% of them also presented gross @entity811 . IVP abnormalities included filling defects in 9 cases and non-visualizing kidney in 8 cases. Pretreatment urinary cytology was positive in 65.7%. Radical nephroureterectomy was performed in 18 cases, followed by adjuvant therapy in 10 cases; radiation in 5 cases, chemotherapy in 4 cases, and radiation/chemotherapy in one case. Histology revealed @entity1606 in all cases. On diagnosis, simultaneous @entity5 were identified in one case in the ureter and the bladder, and in one case in the bladder. @entity5 development after surgery was observed in 9 cases, 8 in the bladder and one in the @entity8 . The 5-year actual survival rate was 58.2% over all: that of the low-grade group was 100%; that of the high-grade group, 45.1%; that of the low-stage group, 100%; that of the high-stage group, 19%. In conclusion, the prognosis in our series was significantly influenced by the stage and grade of the @entity5 .

title: [Clinical study of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral renal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'urothelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal pelvic tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 is common in the early period following resuscitation from @entity1167 and has been shown to be a predictor of neurologic outcome in retrospective studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate neurologic outcome and early postarrest @entity4854 in a @entity1707 @entity1167 model. METHODS: Electrically induced @entity2224 @entity1167 was induced in 22 anesthetized and instrumented @entity1707 . After 7 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support were initiated. Twenty-one animals were resuscitated and plasma @entity413 concentration was measured at intervals for 60 minutes after resuscitation. The animals were observed for 72 hours and the neurologic score was determined at 24-hour intervals. RESULTS: Ten animals had a peak plasma @entity413 value >=  226 mg/dL during the initial 60 minutes after resuscitation. The neurologic scores at 72 hours in these animals (mean score = 0, mean overall cerebral performance category = 1) were the same as those in the animals with a peak plasma @entity413 value <226 mg/dL. The end-tidal @entity544 ( @entity515 ) values measured during CPR, times to restoration of spontaneous circulation, and @entity1425 doses were not significantly different between the animals with a peak @entity413 concentration >=  226 mg/dL and those with lower values. The sample size afforded a power of 95% to detect a 50-point difference from the lowest score (0 points) of the porcine neurologic outcome scale. CONCLUSION: In this standard porcine model of witnessed out-of-hospital @entity1167 , early postresuscitation @entity4854 did not appear to affect neurologic outcome. During the prehospital phase of treatment and transport, treatment of @entity4854 by emergency medical services providers may not be warranted.

title: Does early postresuscitation @entity4854 affect 72-hour neurologic outcome? Preliminary observations in the XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'stress hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Swine']


abstract: Tissue @entity26 pressure was measured in the @entity1707 heart during repeated coronary artery occlusions. ptO2 was measured with an array-multiwire-electrode across the border zone, i.e. the transition zone between normal and @entity1562 . The LAD was occluded three times, each lasting 5 min and with 55 min of reperfusion between the occlusions. Three groups of animals were studied: Group 1 served as controls; Group 2 were given @entity1406 0.3 mg/kg i.v. after the first @entity432 ; Group 3 were given @entity3044 in a continuous infusion, started after the first @entity432 and continued throughout the rest of the experiment. Heart rate differed as expected between the two treated groups. The pattern of ptO2 values across the border zone repeated itself for each animal. No change in the pattern of ptO2 values was seen in either treatment group. In conclusion, there were no indications that it was possible to change the ptO2 of the border zone in the @entity1707 heart either with @entity1406 or @entity3044 in the doses used.

title: Myocardial surface XXXX pressure across the border zone in the @entity1707 during acute coronary artery occlusion. A comparison of pretreatment with @entity1406 or @entity3044 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity14485 ( @entity14485 ) for @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutations is a very rare finding, particularly in non-Ashkenazi individuals, and only a few cases have been reported to date. In addition, little is known on the pathological features of the @entity5 that occur in @entity14485 cases and on their family history of @entity5 . Four carriers of pathogenic mutations in both @entity5345 and @entity2674 were identified among @entity1 who underwent genetic counseling for hereditary susceptibility to @entity5344 at three different Italian institutions. Clinical, pathological, and family history data were collected from medical records and during genetic counseling sessions. All identified @entity14485 cases developed @entity0 and three of them were also diagnosed with @entity43 . Mean ages of breast and @entity43 diagnosis were 42.7 and 48.6 years, respectively. The majority of @entity0 showed a @entity5345 -related phenotype, being negative for hormone receptors and @entity1722 . Two cases reported different @entity1820 among relatives. Although the individuals described in this study show more severe clinical features in comparison to previously reported @entity5345 and @entity2674 @entity14485 cases, our observations support the hypothesis of a non specific phenotype of @entity14485 cases in terms of age of disease onset. In addition, our observations indicate that in @entity14485 @entity1 breast carcinogenesis appears to be driven mainly by the mutations in @entity5345 . The possible association of @entity14485 for @entity5345 gene mutations with @entity1820 is in keeping with previous reports, but needs to be confirmed by further analyses.

title: Four new cases of double heterozygosity for XXXX and @entity2674 gene mutations: clinical, pathological, and family characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['Double heterozygosity', 'DH']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety and clinical outcome of long-term therapy with @entity1945 (Hycamtin) in recurrent or persistent @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all @entity1 treated with @entity1945 ( @entity9919 ) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Italy between 1999 and 2007. Pertinent clinicopathologic information, response and @entity137 following treatment with @entity9919 were collected. @entity9919 was given at a dosage ranging between 1.5 and 1.0 mg/m2 every three to four weeks. All @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 acording to the CTC and response according to the RECIST response criteria. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was calculated from initiation of @entity9919 treatment and start of the next chemotherapy regimen. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 received @entity9919 for at least eight cycles for recurrent ovarian (22), fallopian tube (3) or @entity298 (5). A total of 432 cycles of chemotherapy were given, with an average of 14.4 cycles per @entity1 (range 8-22). Dose reduction was necessary in 20 @entity1 (66%). About half of the @entity1 required blood transfusions and growth factors. Non hematologic @entity137 was mild and manageable. Responses were observed in 16/30 @entity1 (53%), the remaining having SD. Median time to treatment progression was 28 months (range 9-88). CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with @entity1945 in recurrent/persistent @entity43 is feasible with limited evidence of cumulative @entity137 . The results of this retrospective analysis suggest a potential role for late response and survival benefit for those @entity1 without disease progression who continue @entity1945 therapy beyond six cycles of treatment.

title: Long-term @entity1945 therapy in recurrent or persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary peritoneal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'Time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In industrialized nations a curative therapy of @entity995 can be achieved in a large number of @entity1 due to timely diagnosis and therapy. In developing countries the survival rates are much lower and very little data have been published especially from Africa. OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the survival and prognostic factors of @entity995 @entity1 admitted to Kenyatta National Hospital, the national referral hospital in Kenya. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study all records of @entity1 admitted with @entity995 from January 2000 to December 2004 were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical presentation, intraoperative findings and histology reports were recorded and the @entity1 or their relatives were contacted during follow-up to investigate the outcome and survival. RESULTS: Files of 160 @entity1 (86 males and 74 females) were retrieved for this study. Data on 3-year survival could be acquired from 105 @entity1 and the cumulative 3-year survival rate was 26.6   %. Factors significantly influencing survival were age at presentation less than 12 months, early disease at presentation (leukocoria only), no extraocular growth and total delay of management  <=   5 months. Proptosis and @entity5 recurrence were associated with a 3-year mortality of 100   %. CONCLUSION: The main reasons for poor outcome were late presentation and recurrent disease after initial treatment elsewhere, extraocular growth and delay between initial presentation and treatment. Awareness of the public and of healthcare workers should be increased in order to reduce the time delay until diagnosis and treatment.

title: [ XXXX in Kenya : Survival and prognostic factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: Enhanced extracorporeal removal of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) may prevent the development of dialysis-related @entity2783 (DRA). One mechanism of @entity2262 removal is membrane adsorption. Therefore, we fundamentally characterized @entity2262 adsorption to the highly permeable @entity7540 ( @entity7540 ) membrane. Porous and nonporous @entity7540 fragments were incubated in buffer containing 125I- @entity2262 . Over a concentration range of 8 to 60 mg/liter, the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was linear (r = 0.99) for porous @entity7540 while the isotherm for nonporous @entity7540 suggested either multilayer binding or adsorption of proteins with differing orientations. In kinetic analyses, the approach to equilibrium versus (time)1/2 was evaluated. For both porous and nonporous @entity7540 , this relationship was linear (r = 0.99), consistent with a diffusion-controlled process. Adsorption reversibility was assessed by comparing the amount bound at varying residence times (0 to 4 hr) to the amount remaining adsorbed after a subsequent incubation in buffer. The fractions remaining bound at 60, 120, and 240 minutes (0.34 +/- 0.02, 0.36 +/- 0.06, and 0.44 +/- 0.03; mean +/- SEM) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the value at five minutes (0.23 +/- 0.01). This suggests membrane-induced conformational changes in adsorbed @entity2262 . This investigation permits the comparison of @entity2262 adsorptive properties of @entity7540 to those of other membrane-based and nonmembrane-based therapies designed to prevent DRA.

title: Membrane adsorption of XXXX : equilibrium and kinetic characterization.

entities_list: @entity7540 :: ('CHEBI:61639', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylonitrile', 'PAN']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2m', 'beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Active muscular trigger points (aMTPs) presenting with radiating @entity158 can interfere in diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 suffering from @entity614 . OBJECTIVES: We aimed to diagnose and evaluate the trigger point therapy on the outcome of @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity614 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 98 @entity1 were enrolled suffered with @entity1118 at L4-L5 and L5-S1 who were candidates of non-surgical management. All @entity1 received conservative modalities, including bed rest, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID), and physiotherapy. These treatments continued for a week. @entity1 were examined for the presence of trigger points in their lower extremities. Those who had trigger points were divided into 2 groups (TP and N). @entity1 in TP group underwent trigger point injection therapy. No further therapy was done for the N group. @entity158 scores and straight leg raise (SLR) test in both groups were collected and analyzed on the seventh and 10th days of the therapy. Results were analyzed by paired t test and chi-square test. RESULTS: Out of 98 @entity1 , 64 had trigger points. Thirty-two @entity1 were assigned to each group. @entity158 scores (Mean    SD) in TP group was 7.12    1.13 and in N group was 6.7    1.16, P = 0.196. Following the treatment, @entity158 scores were 2.4    1.5 in TP group and 4.06    1.76 in N group P = 0.008. SLR test became negative in all @entity1 in TP group but only in 6 (19%) @entity1 in N group, P = 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that trigger point injection therapy in @entity1 suffering from chronic @entity614 with trigger points can significantly improve their recovery, and conservative therapy may not be adequate.

title: Effect of trigger point injection on XXXX source.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain andlumbosacral radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral radiculopathy']


abstract: Access problems remain the major difficulty associated with chronic hemodialysis. Despite recent recommendations by the Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (DOQI) that native arteriovenous (AV) fistulae are the optimal form of vascular access, grafts and central catheters are used by many @entity1 . We analyzed our large Canadian regional dialysis program, which has a high prevalence of peritoneal dialysis, to examine the effect of dialysis modality choice on vascular access utilization. Point prevalence data were collected from our program in October 1997, and technique and @entity1 survival data for the period 1990-1996 were analyzed and compared to data for the remainder of Canada from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register. Mortality rate ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model to correct for comorbidity, age, and @entity454 etiology. Of 141 in-center hemodialysis @entity1 , 91 had an @entity2548 , 1 had a @entity736 ( @entity736 ) graft, and 49 were catheter-dependent. The program also included 20 home hemodialysis @entity1 with AV fistulae, and 156 @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis. No mortality risk differences between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are seen in our center, nor are they seen for each modality in comparison with the remainder of Canada. Technique survival for peritoneal dialysis at our center was about 80% at 2 years, significantly greater than for Canada. For the program as a whole, 49% of @entity1 used peritoneal dialysis 35% a native @entity2548 , and 15% a central catheter. For Canada and the U.S.A. respectively, the comparable data were: peritoneal dialysis, 32% and 17%; native @entity292 , 33% and 15%; PTFE, 19% and 41%; and central catheter 16% and 27%. These data suggest that the use of peritoneal dialysis may allow reduced use of non native @entity2548 access without mortality penalty.

title: Peritoneal dialysis reduces the use of non native XXXX access in dialysis programs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AV fistula']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: The @entity369 ( @entity534 )-induced unfolding and the salt-induced folding of @entity908 kinase (CK) have been studied by measuring enzyme activity, fluorescence emission spectra, native @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results showed that @entity534 caused inactivation and unfolding of CK, but there was no aggregation during CK denaturation. The kinetics of CK unfolding followed a one-phase process. At higher concentrations of @entity534 (>160 mM), the CK dimers were fully dissociated, the alkali characteristic of @entity534 mainly led to the dissociation of dimers, but not denaturation effect of @entity534 's @entity2097 groups on CK. The inactivation of CK occurred before noticeable conformational changes of the whole molecules. @entity4338 induced monomeric and dimeric molten globule-like states of CK denatured by @entity534 . These results suggest that as a protein denaturant, the effect of @entity534 on CK differed from that of @entity2097 and alkali, its denaturation for protein contains the double effects, which acts not only as @entity2097 but also as alkali. The active sites of CK have more flexibility than the whole enzyme conformation. Monomeric and dimeric molten globule-like states of CK were formed by the salt inducing in 160 and 500 mM @entity534 @entity2507 solutions, respectively. The molten globule-like states indicate that monomeric and dimeric intermediates exist during CK folding. Furthermore, these results also proved the orderly folding model of CK.

title: Effects of XXXX on rabbit muscle @entity908 kinase and salt-induced molten globule-like state.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine', 'guanidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A substantial literature indicates that @entity158 acceptance is a useful behavioral process in @entity1118 rehabilitation. @entity158 acceptance consists of willingness to experience @entity158 and to engage in important activities even in the presence of @entity158 and is often measured using the Chronic @entity158 Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). Previous traditional cluster analyses of the 20-item CPAQ identified 3 @entity1 clusters that differed across measures of @entity1 functioning in meaningful ways. The aims of this study were to replicate the previous study in a new sample, using the more robust method of latent class analysis (LCA), and to compare the cluster structure of the CPAQ and the shorter CPAQ-8. In total, 914 @entity1 with @entity1118 completed the CPAQ and a range of measures of psychological and physical function. @entity1 clusters identified via LCA were then used to compare @entity1 across functional measures. Contrary to previous research, LCA demonstrated that a 4-cluster structure was superior to a 3-cluster structure. Consistent with previous research, cluster membership based on patterns of @entity158 and activity engagement was significantly associated with specific patterns of psychological and physical function, in line with theoretical predictions. These cluster structures were similar for both CPAQ-20 and CPAQ-8 items. These results provide further evidence of the relevance of @entity1118 acceptance, and a more nuanced understanding of how the components of acceptance are related to function. PERSPECTIVE: @entity158 acceptance is important in @entity1118 . The findings of the present study, which included 914 individuals with @entity1118 , provide support for 4 discrete groups of @entity1 based on levels of acceptance (low, medium, and high), as well as a group with a high level of activity engagement and low willingness to have @entity158 . These groups appear statistically robust and differed in predictable ways across measures of functioning.

title: Latent Class Analysis of the Short and Long Forms of  the  XXXX Acceptance Questionnaire: Further Examination of  @entity1  Subgroups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pain willingness']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic  Pain']


abstract: @entity2746 belongs to indirect effects of @entity3002 . Although the involvement of immune system is accepted as a hypothesis of its pathology, the clinical observations of ineffective immunomodulatory therapy suggest complex pathomechanisms, which await elucidation. The aim of this study was to prove the blood-brain barrier integrity, its relation to @entity2746 and the role of circulating @entity4646 ( @entity4646 ) and Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant-2alpha (CINC-alpha) in indirect effects of experimental @entity5 . Two transplantable @entity5 : @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and @entity7283 ( @entity7283 ) in @entity35 were used in the study. The blood-brain barrier breakdown was clearly proved in the course of both @entity5 . We observed also morphological signs of @entity2746 in both models, with linear loss of Purkinje cells and homogenization changes more pronounced in @entity0 bearing @entity35 . We have found a significant decrease of @entity4646 concentration in serum of @entity35 with growing @entity7283 , however @entity0 had no effect on @entity4646 concentration. Changes in serum CINC-2alpha concentrations in @entity0 did not reach the level of significance, however in @entity7283 bearing @entity35 the concentrations increased three weeks after @entity5 transplantation. In conclusion, we may state that the development of @entity2746 as an indirect effect of experimental @entity5 can result from blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and possible passage of @entity2359 factors. The decreased serum concentration of @entity4646 as neuroprotective agent and increased CINC-2alpha in late stage of @entity7283 may be considered for their contribution to @entity2746 .

title: Blood-brain barrier breakdown and @entity2746 in the course of experimental @entity5 . Are circulating XXXX ( @entity4646 ) and -2alpha(CINC-2alpha) the involved mediators?

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'neoplasm', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy on the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity7283 :: ('MESH:D008114', 'Disease') :: ['MH', 'Morris hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebellar degeneration', 'cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4646 :: ('81503(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CINC-1', 'Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant-1']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity4646 :: (81503(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant-1']


abstract: The prevalence and prognostic significance of bacterascites (BA) were prospectively studied in 443 predominantly HBsAg-positive cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity843 . @entity298 ( @entity298 ), culture-negative neutrocytic @entity843 ( @entity8773 ), and BA were identified in 12.4%, 8.4%, and 10.8%, respectively. Of these, 67%, 70%, and 71%, respectively, had @entity298 -related signs or symptoms. Among @entity1 with @entity298 or @entity8773 , the clinical and laboratory data showed no significant difference between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. In contrast, among the @entity1 with BA, the symptomatic group had significantly higher levels of serum total @entity648 and prolonged prothrombin time and significantly lower levels of ascitic fluid total protein than the asymptomatic group. Furthermore, the clinical and laboratory data were relatively similar between @entity1 with asymptomatic BA and those with sterile @entity843 . In contrast, @entity1 with @entity298 , @entity8773 , or symptomatic BA exhibited significantly more severe degrees of @entity409 and significantly lower levels of ascitic fluid total protein than those with sterile @entity843 . There was no statistically significant difference between @entity298 and bacterascites regarding flora. All @entity1 with @entity298 , @entity8773 , or symptomatic BA received antibiotic treatment immediately after paracentesis, as did six of the 14 @entity1 with asymptomatic BA for concurrent @entity1729 , while the remaining eight @entity1 with asymptomatic BA were followed clinically without treatment. Repeated paracentesis in the latter revealed no evidence of @entity298 or @entity8773 . The in-hospital mortality for sterile @entity843 was 22.8%, significantly lower than the 54.5% for @entity298 , 43.2% for @entity8773 , and 50% for symptomatic BA, but similar to the 21.4% for asymptomatic BA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prevalence and prognostic significance of bacterascites in cirrhosis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory or urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['SBP', 'peritonitis', 'Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) is a chronic condition that has a profound impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study measured changes in bother of @entity2182 symptoms and self-perceived HRQoL over 6 months in @entity1 treated with extended-release (ER) @entity2181 in a naturalistic setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective, single-cohort observational study of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2182 , na  ve to antimuscarinic treatment and prescribed @entity2181 ER for the first time. @entity1 were asked to complete the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire ( @entity2182 -q) containing a symptom bother scale (0-100) and an HRQoL scale (0-100), which measures coping, social interaction, concern and sleep, at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: In total, 235 @entity1 (211 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 61 years (30-87), were recruited. The numbers of @entity1 who completed the @entity2182 -q were 220 and 169 at 3 and 6 months, respectively. The mean reductions in the symptom bother score from baseline were 19.6 and 19.3 at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Significant improvement (p < 0.0001) was seen in all HRQoL subscale scores. The proportion of responders who met the minimally important difference (change in the score of 10 or more units between baseline and 6 months) was 64% for the symptom bother score and 34-60% for the total HRQoL and subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2182 @entity1 beginning treatment with @entity2181 ER reported clinically significant improvement in @entity2182 symptoms and self-perceived HRQoL over the 6 months of this observational study. The rate of discontinuation from treatment was 49%.

title: A prospective observational study of the effects of treatment with extended-release @entity2181 on health-related quality of life of XXXX suffering overactive bladder syndrome in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['Overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: Evaluate the effect of intra and postoperative @entity2400 infusion on @entity282 in abdominal surgery. METHODS: Prospective double-blind randomized controlled study. Forty eight @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive in the induction of anaesthesia, intraoperatively and six hours postoperatively either @entity2400 M Group (bolus 50 mg/kg and 0.5 g/h) or placebo (P Group). @entity1 were given a dose of @entity1286 (0.1 mg/kg) IV, 45 min before the end of surgery. Sedation, @entity158 scores, cumulative @entity1286 consumption and adverse effects were recorded up to 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: The duration of anaesthesia was similar in both groups. The time of the first demand of @entity1286 was significantly longer in M Group then in P Group, respectively (18+/-5 min vs 7+/-1 min, p=0.03). @entity1286 consumption was significantly higher in control group than M group on the first postoperative day (52+/-4 mg vs 30+/-3 mg, p=0.0002). @entity158 scores were significantly lower in M group than in P group. Serum @entity1760 concentration was significantly higher in the M group. The frequency of side effects was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of the study support @entity2400 as useful adjuvant for postoperative @entity1337 in abdominal surgery.

title: [Effect of intra and postoperative @entity2400 infusion on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: AIM: The optimal antiproteinuric dose of aliskiren is unknown. This study compared the effect of placebo and increasing doses of aliskiren on urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER). METHODS: The trial was a double-blind crossover design. Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity633 were randomised to 2-month treatments with placebo or aliskiren 150 mg, 300 mg or 600 mg once daily, in random order. Primary endpoint was change in UAER; secondary endpoints included changes in 24-h BP, GFR, biomarkers and components of the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system. RESULTS: Placebo geometric mean UAER was 350 mg/day, mean 24-h BP was 137/81 (SD 12/9) mmHg, GFR was 85 (SD 26) ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2). Aliskiren 150, 300 and 600 mg daily reduced UAER significantly by 36% (95% CI 17-51), 48% (33-60) and 52% (38-63) respectively (p < 0.001) compared with placebo. UAER reduction during the 600 mg dose was not significantly different from the 300 mg dose. Twenty-four-hour systolic BP was reduced by 4.5, 8.0 and 9.2 mmHg versus placebo, significant for 300 and 600 mg (p < or = 0.001). Twenty-four-hour diastolic BP was reduced by 3.0, 4.1 and 4.4 mmHg, significant versus placebo (p = 0.019, p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). GFR was reduced by 3.0, 5.1 and 6.5 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2). hsPRA was reduced by 63%, 70%, and 82% (p < 0.001 for all). Adverse events, most frequently @entity1296 and @entity1295 , occurred during all doses. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity633 there is no improved antiproteinuric effect when using 600 mg aliskiren daily compared with the maximal recommended antihypertensive dose of 300 mg. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00464776 FUNDING: Novartis Pharma AG.

title: Optimal antiproteinuric dose of aliskiren in XXXX : a randomised crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies suggest that @entity689 inhibitors (NIs) can reduce the duration of @entity683 symptoms. However, data regarding their effectiveness in reducing @entity683 complications are scarce. METHODS: We evaluated the effectiveness of NIs in reducing @entity683 complications and mortality of @entity1 with seasonal @entity683 , by performing a meta-analysis of @entity23 ( @entity23 ), retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus databases, comparing NIs with placebo. RESULTS: Eleven @entity23 (10 double-blind) were included; 8 involved adults/adolescents. In total, 5315 @entity1 were included; 3491 (65.7%) with confirmed @entity281 . Total @entity683 -related complications were significantly less likely in otherwise healthy @entity1 with confirmed @entity281 that were treated with NIs versus placebo [7 @entity23 , 2621 @entity1 , risk ratio (RR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58-0.95] This finding was more pronounced in high-risk @entity1 [4 @entity23 , 475 @entity1 , RR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.24-0.59]; P < 0.01 for the chi(2) test for subgroup differences. In the comparisons regarding individual complications, a trend in favour of NIs was observed. @entity697 media was significantly less likely in @entity1 with confirmed @entity281 treated with NIs versus placebo (3 @entity23 , 1124 @entity1 , RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.30-0.85). No differences were found in the comparisons regarding the safety outcomes. No deaths were observed in trials that reported on mortality. CONCLUSIONS: NIs seem to be effective in reducing total @entity683 -related complications in otherwise healthy and high-risk @entity1 , and have an acceptable safety profile. However, @entity23 providing separate data for mild to serious complications and detailed reporting of adverse events and mortality are needed.

title: Effectiveness and safety of @entity689 inhibitors in reducing @entity683 complications: a meta-analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute otitis']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['randomized controlled trials']