abstract: The effect of @entity1426 ( @entity12335 ) intake on @entity565 risk is unclear. The objective of the present review was to systematically evaluate available observational studies on the relationship between @entity12335 exposure and @entity565 risk in @entity1 and adults. A PubMed search was conducted on 22 October 2013 and seventy-three publications were checked against predefined criteria for eligibility. To identify additional eligible publications, potentially relevant articles were searched from bibliographies of articles on @entity12335 and @entity565 . A total of 2924 citations were scrutinised. Finally, fourteen articles were included. A quality assessment was conducted based on the reporting and methodological quality. A meta-analysis was not conducted; therefore, a qualitative assessment is presented. Three high-, two medium- and ten low-quality studies were reviewed. Eleven studies, including two high- and two medium-quality studies, did not find a significant association between @entity12335 exposure and @entity565 risk. In contrast, one high-quality study indicated a significant trend toward reducing @entity565 risk in @entity1 with decreasing maternal @entity12335 intake (P trend  =  0  025), and one low-quality study reported a significant trend of increasing @entity565 risk with higher blood @entity12335 levels (P trend  =  0  007). In two low-quality studies, @entity565 @entity1 had significantly lower blood @entity12335 levels than controls (both P  <  0  05). These studies did not sufficiently demonstrate any relationships between @entity12335 exposure and @entity565 risk because of the limited number of studies and their methodological limitations. They seem to suggest that @entity12335 exposure is not consistently associated with @entity565 risk. Nevertheless, further evidence is required to prove or disprove the association.

title: @entity1426 intake and XXXX risk in @entity1 and adults: a systematic review of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Rho GTPases, including @entity5844 , @entity11120 , play a critical role in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes such as cell morphology, cell migration, transcriptional activation and gene expression. We constructed several FRET-based single-molecule probes containing red fluorescent protein dsRed1, cyan fluorescent protein ECFP, the GTPase binding domain of the effector, @entity21921 or @entity29662 , and @entity5844 or @entity11120 . @entity5844 and @entity11120 signaling pathways were activated in transfected cells by the inducer, insulin or @entity1812 respectively. In vitro fluorescent spectroscopy assays showed that FRET phenomena were observed in transfected NIH3T3 and Hela cells. For all 3 signaling pathways in NIH3T3 cells, the values of FRET efficiency reached the highest after induction for 5 min, but the increasing extents of the values of FRET efficiency varied in 3 signaling pathways. The values of FRET efficiency decreased with the extention of the induction time, but differed significantly in the decreasing speed for the signaling pathways. @entity5844 and @entity11120 activation assays indicated that @entity5844 and @entity11120 were in the activated state ( @entity3007 -bound) in the induced cells. Their relative activated activities in the cells induced for different time were consistent with the values of FRET efficiency. The activated @entity5844 , @entity11120 signaling pathways led to the formation of lamelliopodia and filopodia in the transfected cells respectively. The results showed that these single-molecule probes could be used to directly monitor the spatial and temporal imaging of the induced activation of the signaling pathways in living cells. With these single-molecule probes, the GEF or GAP activities of putative regulatory proteins for @entity5844 and @entity11120 were analyzed and judged, thus greatly simplifying the currently-used methods for identifying the regulatory proteins for Rho GTPases.

title: [Fret-based single-molecule probes for monitoring induced activation of Rac, XXXX signaling pathways in living cells].

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity11120 :: (12540(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cdc42']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study aimed to define the frequencies of type 1 @entity6 -associated gene polymorphisms and their associations with various @entity6 -associated autoantibodies in Egyptian @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred one @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and 160 healthy controls from the same region were studied for @entity3098 ( @entity4107 subtypes) alleles, INS and @entity5812 gene polymorphisms ( @entity34363 and @entity64841 ) and for @entity6 -associated autoantibodies. RESULTS: Most @entity6 @entity1 (77.2%) were positive for the @entity8167 *05- @entity3098 *02 (DR3-DQ2) haplotype compared to 26.2% of the controls (OR   =   9.5; p   <   0.001). @entity1533 *04:02-DQA1*03- @entity3098 *03:02 ( @entity4107 -DQ8) (26.7%, OR   =   3.3; p   <   0.001), @entity1533 *04:05-DQA1*03- @entity3098 *02 ( @entity4107 -DQ2) (23.8%, OR 5.2; p   <   0.001) and @entity1533 *04:05-DQA1*03- @entity3098 *03:02 ( @entity4107 -DQ8) (8.9%, OR   =   7.7; p   =   0.007) were also significantly increased. HLA-(DR15)- @entity3098 *06:01, (DR13)- @entity3098 *06:03 and @entity1533 *04:03-DQA1*03- @entity3098 *03:02 were the most protective haplotypes with OR values from 0.04 to 0.06. @entity1 positive for DR3-DQ2 but negative for @entity4107 haplotypes had a high frequency of GAD antibodies (78%; p <0.001 vs. other genotypes) but only 26.6% of those with DR3-DQ2/ @entity4107 -DQ2 tested positive for GAD antibodies (p   =   0.006 vs. other genotypes). Subjects with the @entity4107 -DQ8 haplotype without DR3-DQ2 or @entity4107 -DQ2 were more often positive for @entity9217 and @entity5920 antibodies (55.5%; p =0.007 and 55.5%, p =0.01, respectively). The AA genotype of INS gene was more common in @entity1 than controls (75.2% vs 59.5%, OR   =   2.07; p   =   0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Besides a strong HLA-DR3-DQ2 association a relatively high frequency of the @entity4107 -DQ2 haplotype characterized the @entity6 population. The low frequency of autoantibodies in @entity1 with HLA- @entity4107 -DQ2 may indicate specific pathogenetic pathways associated with this haplotype. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Risk genes and autoantibodies in Egyptian @entity1 with type 1 XXXX - low frequency of autoantibodies in carriers of the @entity1533 *04:05-DQA1*03- @entity3098 *02 risk haplotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: We investigated the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) in 568 healthy domestic animals (buffaloes, @entity291 , and @entity1237 ) from 98 farms in the central region of Vietnam. The aims of this study were to determine if the prevalence of STEC in South East Asia is similar to that in other parts of the world, to characterize the virulence gene profiles from the recovered STEC and to determine if the recovered STEC belong to serotypes commonly associated with @entity1 disease. STEC and intimin-positive strains were recovered from 27% of buffaloes, 23% of @entity291 , and 38.5% of @entity1237 . Seventy percent of buffalo farms, 60% of @entity291 farms and 100% @entity1237 farms were positive for STEC. Of 170 STEC strains, 99 carried both stx1 and @entity5857 genes, 36 carried the @entity5857 gene, and 35 carried the stx1 gene. The eae gene was found in six @entity36323 isolates, but not in buffalo or @entity291 isolates. Among 173 @entity526 strains (170 STEC and 3 intimin-positive), 110 carried the @entity47409 gene, 106 possessed the @entity53358 gene. Further characterization of stx subtypes demonstrated that among 134 stx1-containing isolates, 107 belonged to the stx1c subtype and 27 were the stx1 subtype. Of the 132 @entity5857 -containing isolates, 36 were @entity5857 , 34 were stx2c, 43 were stx2d subtype, 3 belonged to stx2g, and 16 strains were stx2d(act). The stx2c variant was dominant in strains isolated from buffalo while the stx2d variant occurred more frequently in caprine isolates. Only 9 (5%) STEC strains contained genes encoding for serotypes O26, O91, O121, O145, and O157 @entity558 , which are more frequently associated with @entity1 @entity281 . The results of this study provide data for understanding of epidemiology of STEC among domestic animals in Vietnam and indicate that buffaloes are also an important reservoir of STEC.

title: Prevalence and genetic profiles of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 strains isolated from buffaloes, @entity291 , and XXXX in central Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: A 64-year-old @entity1 presented with a chief complaint of @entity490 . An abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan showed a mass 30-mm in diameter at the splenic flexure, and we diagnosed a @entity733 . Conservative therapy was successful, and the @entity1 was discharged. However, 1 month later, he again experienced @entity490 . To reassess the abscess, contrast-enhanced abdominal CT was performed. In addition to the @entity733 , the CT scan showed an approximate 30-mm mass in the head of the pancreas with no contrast uptake. The abscess was also detected by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. We suspected but could not confirm @entity788 . Two months later, the @entity1 developed @entity3883 . At this time, we diagnosed @entity788 , and subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The histopathologic diagnosis was @entity788 , T4, N0, M0, Stage IVa. The postoperative course was favorable, and the @entity1 received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. He remains alive without recurrence 15 months after surgery.

title: [A case of curative resected XXXX coincident with a @entity733 ].

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal abscess']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Over a 4-year period, 32 @entity1 , 11 females and 21 males between 18 to 62 years of age (mean age 39 years) were operated on because of @entity2792 . Three @entity1 were operated on bilaterally. The most common type of arterial reconstruction was aortorenal venous bypass. Early nephrectomy was performed in two @entity1 , and secondary nephrectomy due to graft occlusion in four @entity1 . There was no operative mortality. Seven @entity1 died during follow-up, five of them of cardiovascular causes. The proportion of @entity1 who were cured or improved by surgery throughout a follow-up of two to 72 months (mean 24 months) exceeded 87%. Nine of these 28 @entity1 were normotensive, the other 19 were improved with less need of drugs following surgery. Four @entity1 were failures. Lateralizing renal venous @entity916 activity was found to be the best single criterion for prediction of improvement following surgery. In the majority of the @entity1 who were cured after surgery, there was no preoperative @entity1283 and fundoscopic findings were normal or mildly pathological. A higher incidence of @entity101 changes in the target organs was observed preoperatively in the improved @entity1 than in the cured ones.

title: Late results of surgical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['heart hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis-promoting effect under @entity221 and chemotherapy treatment, at cellular level. @entity1 @entity356 cell line SGC-7901 was cultivated with @entity1487 at different temperatures. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined, and expression of @entity588 and @entity2285 was measured at different treatments. Cell survival rates and inhibition rates in chemotherapy group, thermotherapy group, and thermo-chemotherapy group were drastically lower than the control group (P<0.05). For @entity5 cells in the thermo-chemotherapy group, survival rates and inhibition rates at three different temperatures were all significantly lower than those in chemotherapy group and thermotherapy group (P<0.05). @entity1487 induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells with a strong temperature dependence, which increased gradually with increase in temperature. At 37  C and 43  C there were significant differences between the thermotherapy group and chemotherapy group and between the thermo-chemotherapy group and thermotherapy group (P<0.01). The expression of @entity588 was downregulated and @entity2285 was upregulated, with increase in temperature in all groups. Cell apoptosis was not significant at 46  C (P>0.05), which was probably due to thermotolerance caused by @entity2285 accumulation. These results suggested that @entity221 combined with @entity1487 had a synergistic effect in promoting apoptosis and enhancing thermotolerance in @entity356 cell line SGC-7901.

title: @entity221 combined with XXXX promoted apoptosis and enhanced thermotolerance in @entity1 @entity356 cell line SGC-7901.

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Circulating @entity1 @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (high) @entity403 (+) T cell populations (Treg) may contain activated @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) T cells interfering with Treg evaluation. To gain insights into the phenotypic and functional characteristics of Treg in @entity1 with @entity5 , we have analyzed @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (high) populations at the clonal level. Single-cell sorted (SCS) @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (high) T cells obtained from PBMC of normal controls (NC) or @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 ( @entity213 ) were plated at 1 cell/well in 96 well plates and expanded with anti-CD3/anti- @entity1361 Abs and 1,000 IU @entity1199 /mL in the presence or absence of @entity3446 (1 nM). All generated clones were evaluated for the phenotype by flow cyometry and suppressor function in CFSE-based proliferation assays. Clones had heterogeneous @entity2902 expression levels. Cloning efficiency of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (high) T cells was low. @entity2902 (high) clones expressed @entity4386 , @entity403 , @entity1196 , but little @entity28267 and suppressed proliferation of autologous @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (-) responder cells. Clones of activated @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (interm./low) cells expressed intermediate to high levels of @entity28267 and HLA-DR and did not suppress proliferation of responder cells. The number, suppressor phenotype and function of @entity2902 (high) Treg clones were significantly enhanced in @entity213 @entity1 relative to NC (p </= 0.001). @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) populations comprise phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of @entity2902 (+) cells. Only a small fraction of these activated @entity404 (+) T cells are potent suppressor cells characterized by high expression levels of @entity2902 , @entity403 , @entity4386 and @entity1196 . The number of expandable Treg is increased in @entity213 @entity1 .

title: Functional and phenotypic characteristics of XXXX +CD25highFoxp3+ Treg clones obtained from peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We previously reported results of a phase II non-comparative trial that randomized @entity1 with @entity463 following radiotherapy to one of two different @entity2903 schedules, followed by @entity10211 (RA) maintenance. Here we report the results of an exploratory cohort of @entity1 accrued with anaplastic @entity5 . @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity816 ( @entity816 ) or @entity816 ( @entity816 ) were treated with concurrent radiotherapy (60  Gy over 6  weeks) and @entity2903 (75  mg/m(2)), and six adjuvant 28-day cycles of either dose-dense (150  mg/m(2), days 1-7, 15-21) or metronomic (50  mg/m(2), days 1-28) @entity2903 . Subsequently, maintenance RA (100  mg/m(2), days 1-21/28) was administered until disease progression. All outcome measures were descriptive without intention to compare between treatment arms. Survival was measured by the Kaplan-Meier method. There were 31 @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ) with median age 48  years (range 28-74), median KPS 90 (range 60-100). Extent of resection was gross-total in 35  %, subtotal 23  %, and biopsy 42  %. Histology was @entity816 in 90  %, and @entity816 in 10  %. @entity8724 promoter methylation was methylated in 20  %, unmethylated in 50  %, and uninformative in 30  % of 30 tested. Median progression-free survival was 2.1  years (95  % CI 0.95-Not Reached), and overall survival 2.9  years (95  % CI 2.0-Not Reached). We report outcomes among a homogeneously treated population with anaplastic @entity5 . Survival was unexpectedly short compared to other reports. These data may be useful as a contemporary historic control for other ongoing or future randomized trials.

title: Radiotherapy and XXXX for anaplastic @entity816 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic tumors']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['AOA', 'anaplastic oligo-astrocytoma', 'anaplastic astrocytoma', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: @entity977 are very rare @entity5 with a poor prognosis. We report a case of @entity699 resulting from a @entity977 in a 22-yr old female, who died of massive @entity1578 . At autopsy, there was invasion of the parasellar structures and vasculature by the @entity5 , which stained positively only for ACTH. There were two metastatic nodules in the liver, which also stained positively for ACTH. When compared to other cases of @entity699 (n = 52), other @entity977 (n = 292). and normal pituitary tissues (n = 21), the @entity977 was the only one with @entity1722 membrane staining in both the sellar-located tissue and liver @entity3 . @entity1722 staining was present in the cytoplasm of a variable number of cells in 40% of the invasive @entity652 (n = 103), while only 1.2% of the noninvasive @entity5 (n = 241) expressed this protein (p < 0.001). No particular immunohistological type preferentially expressed this protein. In normal pituitary tissues, 10% of the cells expressed cytoplasmic @entity1722 . A higher index of @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) in the @entity5 and liver @entity3 (10%) was also found compared to other ACTH-secreting @entity652 (invasive, 3.4 -t 1 S% vs 1 ii +/- 1.5% in noninvasive) and other @entity977 (invasive, 2.9 +/- 1.5% vs 1.5 +/- 1.3% in noninvasive). The @entity1364 index was significantly higher in invasive @entity5 than in noninvasive @entity652 (p = 0.004). @entity1364 staining was negative in normal pituitary tissues. Staining for @entity876 , @entity996 and p(2ras) was negative in the @entity189 and liver @entity3 . We suggest that the @entity1722 membrane pattern and a higher @entity1364 index may indicate a worse prognosis in @entity5 .

title: Adrenocorticotropin-Producing XXXX with Expression of @entity1722 and High @entity1364 Index: A Comparative Study with @entity977 and Normal Pituitary Tissues.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasms', 'adenohypophyseal neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary carcinoma', 'Pituitary carcinomas', 'pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 tendon cells have the capacity for @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) production. It is not known if the tendon cells also have the potential for @entity3451 breakdown, nor if they show expression of the nicotinic @entity934 receptor AChRa7 (a7 @entity6786 ). Therefore, tendon tissue specimens from @entity1 with midportion Achilles @entity924 / @entity924 and from normal midportion Achilles tendons were examined. Reaction for the degradative enzyme @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) was found in some tenocytes in only a few @entity924 tendons, and was never found in those of control tendons. Tenocytes displayed more regularly a7nAChR immunoreactivity. However, there was a marked heterogeneity in the degree of this reaction within and between the specimens. a7nAChR immunoreactivity was especially pronounced for tenocytes showing an oval/widened appearance. There was a tendency that the magnitude of a7nAChR immunoreactivity was higher in @entity924 tendons as compared to control tendons. A stronger a7 @entity6786 immunoreactivity than seen for tenocytes was observed for the cells in the peritendinous tissue. It is likely that the a7nAChR may be an important part of an auto-and paracrine loop of non-neuronal @entity3451 that is released from the tendon cells. The effects may be related to proliferative and blood vessel regulatory functions as well as features related to collagen deposition. @entity3451 can furthermore be of importance in leading to anti-inflammatory effects in the peritendinous tissue, a tissue nowadays considered to be of great relevance for the @entity924 process. Overall, the findings show that tendon tissue, a tissue known to be devoid of cholinergic innervation, is a tissue in which there is a marked non-neuronal cholinergic system.

title: Further proof of the existence of a non-neuronal cholinergic system in the XXXX Achilles tendon: Presence of the AChRa7 receptor in tendon cells and cells in the peritendinous tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy', 'tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase', 'AChE']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Background and purpose - Surgical correction of @entity5109 as part of single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) to optimize postoperative training is sometimes indicated in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity306 . We have, however, experienced excessive @entity282 and rehabilitation problems in a number of these @entity1 . We therefore investigated @entity1 who underwent such procedures regarding postoperative rehabilitation and @entity158 , gait parameters 1 year after surgery, and mobility 5 years after surgery. @entity1 and methods - 9 @entity1 with @entity306 who had also undergone bony foot surgery were identified from a cohort of 70 @entity1 treated with SEMLS according to a standardized protocol. 2 @entity1 were excluded due to @entity1032 and atypical surgery, and 7 @entity1 (4 of them @entity1 ) were included. The @entity1 and their parents underwent a semi-structured interview on average 5 (3-7) years after the surgery. Gait parameters preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively were compared. Results - 5 @entity1 had experienced @entity158 and considerable sociopsychological problems during the first postoperative year. 5 years after surgery, 4 of the 5 @entity1 still had hypersensitive and painful feet, 2 had lost their ability to walk, 1 @entity1 was no longer self-reliant in daily care, and 3 were wheelchair bound. There were, however, no clinically significant differences in @entity177 ( @entity177 ) or gait parameters preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Interpretation - We found troublesome postoperative rehabilitation and poor outcomes in this series of @entity1 who had undergone simultaneous multilevel surgeries and bony foot corrections. Caution is warranted when treating marginally ambulatory @entity1 with bilateral @entity306 and @entity5109 .

title: XXXX and rehabilitation problems after single-event multilevel surgery including bony foot surgery in @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional mobility scale', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'regional pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy', 'diplegic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Low-frequency ultrasound (US) in combination with microbubbles (MBs) is able to inhibit the growth of VX2 @entity95 @entity96 . In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using percutaneous @entity1068 injection (PEI) followed by low-frequency ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) to inhibit VX2 @entity5 growth. METHODS: Eighteen @entity95 with hepatic VX2 @entity5 were divided into three groups: PEI, low-frequency ultrasound and MBs followed by PEI (USMB  +  PEI), and PEI followed by USMB (PEI  +  USMB). PEI was performed by ultrasound-guided injection of 95  % anhydrous @entity285 into internal @entity96 in @entity95 twice a week for 2  weeks. The US parameters were 20  kHz, 2  W/cm(2), 40  % duty cycle, 5  min, and once every other day for 2  weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to observe @entity5 before and after treatment, to examine changes in the @entity5 , and to measure the diameters of the @entity5 . All animals were followed up for 180  days after @entity5 implantation. Autopsy was performed at the end of the scheduled follow-up or immediately after @entity204 . Anatomically observed metastatic sites included the liver, lung, abdomen, and pelvic cavity. The survival time of all @entity95 was recorded. RESULTS: After 4  weeks of treatment, on MRI, the @entity5 diameters in the PEI, USMB  +  PEI, and PEI  +  USMB groups were 8.33      1.83, 19      2.61, and 4.5      1.22  mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in @entity5 size indicated by MRI in the three groups. @entity5 size was smaller in the PEI  +  USMB group than in the PEI and USMB  +  PEI groups, with t  =  4.54, p  =  0.0062, and t  =  16.38, p  <  .0001, respectively. The PEI  +  USMB group showed the fewest @entity3 sites (   (2)  =  11.7333, p  =  0.0194) and the longest survival period (   (2)  =  7.448, p  =  0.0241). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous @entity1068 injection followed by low-frequency ultrasound and microbubbles can be effective in inhibiting @entity95 @entity96 and prolonging survival time.

title: The effects of percutaneous @entity1068 injection followed by 20-kHz ultrasound and microbubbles on XXXX hepatic tumors.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 are an infrequent (though possible) cause of cerebral calcifications due to the speed with which they grow. We report the case of a @entity1 in whom some metastatic looking calcified @entity75 led to the discovery that she was suffering from @entity2 . CASE REPORT: @entity1 , aged 60, with no antecedents of interest except hyperlipaemia who came to clinic after suffering from alterations of her higher functions for three weeks. Nothing abnormal was found during the general exploration. Neurologically, she was found to have sensory aphasia together with impaired gnosia and praxis. A brain CAT scan revealed several calcified @entity75 throughout both hemispheres, associated with perilesional @entity4 and mass effect with contrast enhancement. Cerebral MRI confirmed these findings. X ray of the thorax was normal but the thoracic CAT scan revealed a spiculated lesion that suggested a @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The presence of cerebral calcifications with perilesional @entity4 and contrast enhancement forces us to rule out a metastatic origin. Although no respiratory clinical features are present, a study of the lungs should be performed as they are the most probable source of the aetiology.

title: [Multiple calcified XXXX , probably due to @entity3 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Woman']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malign primary lung neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cerebral lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aging of the baby boomers presents a unique set of challenges for health care workers. @entity4064 among @entity1 may be a barrier to providing appropriate @entity1 care, may impede communication, and may decrease @entity1 ' satisfaction with health care. It is important to train the medical workforce to understand the unique challenges of the aging population. OBJECTIVE: To test an interactive educational learning model targeting health care workers to improve knowledge and awareness of @entity4064 . METHODS: @entity1 completed a survey prior to and after an educational intervention that consisted of 4 components: (1) normal aging, (2) @entity2194 of the elderly, (3) experiential learning, and (4) written material with references and further resources. RESULTS: Three hundred eight-six members of the hospital workforce completed the training. There was statistically significant improvement in 7 of the 8 test questions. One question demonstrated a positive trend but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: An interactive educational model on @entity4064 can improve the knowledge of the health care team. This may lead to improvement in @entity1 ' satisfaction and quality of care and help create a vision-friendly hospital.

title: XXXX education for the health care workforce: strategy to create a vision-friendly hosital.

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['low vision', 'Low vision']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye-disease']

answer: @entity4064 :: (MESH:D015354,Disease) :: ['Low-vision']


abstract: In @entity1 , @entity3002 , including @entity9 , often result from traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). @entity1566 can induce cellular changes in the CNS, termed central sensitization, that alter excitability of spinal cord neurons, including those in the dorsal horn involved in @entity158 transmission. Persistently elevated levels of neuronal activity, glial activation, and glutamatergic transmission are thought to contribute to the hyperexcitability of these dorsal horn neurons, which can lead to maladaptive circuitry, aberrant @entity158 processing and, ultimately, chronic @entity9 . Here we present a @entity19 model of @entity1566 -induced @entity9 that exhibits a persistent @entity158 phenotype accompanied by chronic @entity528 and glial activation in the spinal cord dorsal horn. We generated a unilateral cervical @entity2244 or C6 level of the adult @entity19 spinal cord. Following injury, an increase in the number of neurons expressing   @entity27618 (a marker of chronic neuronal activation), persistent astrocyte activation and proliferation (as measured by @entity9327 and @entity14160 expression), and a decrease in the expression of the astrocyte @entity2227 transporter @entity15368 are observed in the ipsilateral superficial dorsal horn of cervical spinal cord. These changes have previously been associated with @entity528 and may contribute to altered @entity158 transmission and chronic @entity9 . In our model, they are accompanied by robust at-level hyperaglesia in the ipsilateral forepaw and @entity1931 in both forepaws that are evident within two weeks following injury and persist for at least six weeks. Furthermore, the @entity158 phenotype occurs in the absence of alterations in forelimb grip strength, suggesting that it represents sensory and not motor abnormalities. Given the importance of transgenic @entity19 technology, this clinically-relevant model provides a resource that can be used to study the molecular mechanisms contributing to @entity9 following @entity1566 and to identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic @entity158 .

title: Persistent at-level thermal @entity1931 and tactile @entity1931 accompany chronic neuronal and astrocyte activation in superficial dorsal horn following XXXX cervical contusion @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['contusion injury at the C5']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['sensory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pathological pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal hyperexcitability']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity75 in adolescents are primarily located in loading areas at the level of the femoral condyles. Lesions located in the trochlea are exceptional and account for less than 1%. The etiology of @entity1843 ( @entity1843 ) is still unknown. @entity75 may be caused by direct frontal @entity130 of the femoral condyles and by direct @entity130 of the patella on the trochlea in dislocations of the latter. At this level both mechanisms may cause both @entity75 . We present herein two cases with the same characteristics that include one @entity1 with bilateral involvement of the trochlea. Arthroscopy was performed with removal of loose bodies, regularization of the bed and perforations, with appropriate long term results. @entity75 are rarely found in the trochlea; the literature contains very few bilateral cases described. The exact etiology of @entity1843 of the knee continues to be debated. In our cases the mechanism could be explained by a low-pressure high-speed impact of the patella on the trochlea. This type of lesions may be added to defects or @entity854 during childhood. The bilaterality of one of these cases would support this hypothesis. Treatment depends on lesion stability and @entity1 age. Surgical treatment should be considered in @entity1 with open physes with an un stable or detached lesion and in those in whom the physis is about to close but have not responded to conservative treatment, as well as in @entity1 with an intraarticular loose body. Another point to consider is that insufficient fixation or fixation without a bone chip leads to mediocre results.

title: [Unusual location of XXXX in adolescent's knees].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondral lesions', 'Osteochondral knee lesions', 'chondral and osteochondral lesions']

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['JOCD', 'juvenile osteochondritis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of ossification']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['osteochondral lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of @entity6838 in @entity1 having @entity955 ( @entity955 ) with or without @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is not without controversy. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of @entity6838 therapy on mortality stratified by @entity712 . METHODS: Gulf Survey of @entity955 Events was a prospective, multinational, observational registry of consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 recruited from the emergency department of 23 hospitals in 6 countries in the Middle East. @entity1 were recruited between October 2009 and June 2010 and followed up for 1 year after enrollment. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: The study included a total of 1962 @entity1 with @entity955 , with an overall mean age of 56    16 years, and 52% (n = 1026) were males. At hospital discharge, @entity6838 was prescribed in 36% (n = 709) of the @entity1 , whereas @entity712 was present in 27% (n = 528) of the cohort. A total of 225 (12.1%) @entity1 died during the 12-month follow-up period after discharge (5.3% [n = 104] were lost to follow-up). @entity1 with @entity712 were consistently associated with higher mortality at 1 month (5.1% vs 2.1%; P < .001), 6 months (17.2% vs 5.0%; P < 0.001), and 12 months (24.3% vs 7.6%; P < .001) when compared to those without @entity712 . When stratified by @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was associated with significantly higher mortality in those without @entity712 at 6 months (8.7% vs 3.7%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 5.07; P < .001) and 12 months (12.3% vs 6.0%; aOR, 4.22; P < .001) but not in those with @entity712 (6 months: 18.6% vs 14.7%; aOR, 1.62; P = .177 and 12 months: 25.4% vs 22.4%; aOR, 1.37; P = .317). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity955 and @entity712 , @entity6838 did not offer any survival advantages. However, in those without @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was, in fact, associated with significantly higher long-term mortality.

title: Impact of @entity6838 on Mortality in XXXX With @entity955 Stratified by Heart Failure: Findings From Gulf Survey of @entity955 Events in the Middle East.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The unfolded protein response is known to contribute to the inherited retinal pathology observed in @entity1998 rhodopsin ( @entity1998 ) @entity19 . Recently it has been demonstrated that the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated @entity35123 is activated during progression of @entity2000 in different animal models. Therefore, we wanted to explore the role of @entity35123 in the mechanism of @entity989 in @entity1998 @entity19 and determine if inhibiting apoptosis in this way is a viable approach for halting @entity2000 . METHODS: One, two-, and three-month-old C57BL6/J, @entity35123 -/-, @entity1998 , and @entity1998 @entity35123 -/- @entity19 were analyzed by scotopic ERG, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), histology, quantitative (q)RT-PCR, and Western blot of retinal RNA and protein extracts. Calpain and @entity185 /7 activity assays were measured in postnatal (P) day 30 retinal extracts. RESULTS: @entity35123 ablation significantly prevented a decline in the a- and b-wave ERG amplitudes in @entity1998 @entity19 during three months, increasing the amplitudes from 232% to 212% and from 160% to 138%, respectively, as compared to @entity1998 retinas. The SD-OCT results and photoreceptor row counts demonstrated preservation of retinal structural integrity and postponed photoreceptor cell death. The delay in photoreceptor cell death was due to significant decreases in the activity of @entity57027 , which correlated with an increase in calpastatin expression. CONCLUSIONS: We validated @entity35123 as a therapeutic target, ablation of which significantly protects @entity1998 photoreceptors from deterioration. Although the inhibition of apoptotic activity alone was not sufficient to rescue @entity1998 photoreceptors, in combination with other nonapoptotic targets, @entity35123 could be used to treat @entity74 .

title: Targeting @entity35123 to Preserve Vision in XXXX With @entity2000 .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1998 :: ('p|SUB|T|17|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T17M']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the @entity5345 gene confer a high risk for the development of @entity5344 . The aim of this study was to establish the frequency and spectrum of @entity5345 mutations in Czech @entity5344 families. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We have screened 28 @entity1 with early-onset @entity5 and 54 @entity1 from risk families for germ-line mutations in @entity5345 . All coding exons were analyzed by the protein truncation test (PTT) and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Detected variants were characterized by direct sequencing of PCR products. RESULTS: Five distinct deleterious mutations have been identified in six families. All the mutations led to the premature termination of translation. One mutation was detected in a group of 11 (9.1%) @entity1 with early-onset @entity0 . Two mutations were observed in 32 (6.3%) families with a history of @entity0 only. Three mutations were found in 22 (13.6%) families with both @entity5344 . The @entity26207 mutation was the only abnormality detected twice. In addition, two variant transcripts, the loss of exon 5 and in-frame 3-bp deletion at the beginning of exon 8, were identified only at the cDNA level. Their biological significance remains unknown. CONCLUSION: PTT analysis enables examination of long PCR products. The technique is useful for rapid detection of mutations in @entity0 .

title: Mutations of the XXXX gene in @entity5344 in the Czech Republic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'hereditary breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of @entity1317 with @entity3031 or knee @entity174 , and to evaluate the role of clinical assessment and colour Doppler ultrasound examination in diagnosing these injuries. METHODS: The prospective case series study was done at the Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, and comprised @entity1 with @entity3031 or knee @entity174 presenting between February 2013 and April 2014. All @entity1 underwent clinical assessment including distal pulse examination and signs of @entity1545 . Following @entity3029 , repeat clinical examination and assessment of limb with colour Doppler ultrasound was carried out. RESULTS: Out of 9 @entity1 in the study, 6(66.7%)had simple dislocations, while 3(33.3%) sustained @entity174 of the knee. Two (22%) @entity1 sustained @entity1317 which was effectively managed via surgical treatment. Clinical examination of the affected extremities effortlessly revealed the 2(22%) @entity1545 cases. Doppler ultrasound was carried out in 8(89%) cases and it successfully excluded 7(78%) cases for @entity1545 and identified 1(11%) injury with reduced flow. This case underwent computed angiography scan and later surgery revealed popliteal artery @entity130 . Doppler ultrasound was not carried out in 1(11%) case which was a spontaneously relocated knee with hard signs of @entity1317 . CONCLUSIONS: Popliteal @entity1317 can be a limb-threatening complication following @entity130 to the knee. Carefully performed clinical examination and colour Doppler ultrasound are effective tools for identification of such cases.

title: XXXX and @entity1317 : A single centre experience from Karachi.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['vascular trauma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture dislocations']

entities_list: @entity3031 :: ('MESH:D031221', 'Disease') :: ['simple knee dislocations']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['popliteal artery injury', 'injury to the popliteal artery', 'vascular injury', 'artery injury']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of dislocation']

answer: @entity3031 :: (MESH:D031221,Disease) :: ['Knee dislocations']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the predictive power of Ki67 area% (Ki67), mitotic activity index (MAI), @entity876 area% ( @entity876 ), and the mean area of the 10 largest nuclei (MNA10) for progression of stage in 195 primary consecutive @entity16064 urothelial cell @entity189 of the urinary bladder. METHODS: Ki67- and @entity876 -positive versus negative nuclei, MAI, and MNA10 using motorized systematic random sampling morphometry were determined. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate survival analysis (Cox model) were used to assess the prognostic value of the quantitative and classic clinicopathologic risk factors (age, sex, stage, grade, @entity189 in situ, multicentricity). RESULTS: Thirteen (6.7%) of the 195 @entity1 had progression (0 [0%] of 36 low-risk, 1 [1.1%] of 85 intermediate-risk, and 12 [16.2%] of 74 high-risk @entity1 ). In univariate analysis (all variables), the strongest predictors with the highest hazard ratios were Ki67 (threshold 25.0%), MAI (threshold 30), and MNA10 (threshold 170 microm2). In multivariate analysis, the strongest independent combinations for progression--MNA10 (170 microm2) plus MAI (threshold 30) and MNA10 (threshold 170 microm2) plus Ki67 (threshold 25.0%)--overshadowed all other features. @entity876 was weaker but, combined with Ki67, still predicted progression fairly well. In the total group, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of MNA10-MAI and MNA10-Ki67 at the thresholds mentioned were 100%, 89%, 38%, and 100%, respectively. These feature combinations were also strongest prognostically in the high-risk treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: The combined biomarkers MNA10-MAI or MNA10-Ki67 are accurate, well reproducible, and easy to assess progression predictors in all @entity1 with @entity16064 urothelial cell @entity189 , as well as in high-risk (bacille Calmette-Gu  rin-treated) @entity1 .

title: Prognostic value of proliferative activity and nuclear morphometry for progression in XXXX urothelial cell @entity189 of the urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity16064 :: (117247,Gene) :: ['TaT1']


abstract: The obstetrical management of pregnant @entity1 with pregestational @entity6 has been significantly improved throughout recent years. In the past, efforts to maintain euglycaemia during pregnancy in the presence of a labile maternal metabolism led to repeated, long-term hospitalization. In an interdisciplinary joint effort a protocol was delineated to obtain euglycemia throughout pregnancy by functional insulin therapy aiming at "near-normoglycemic insulin substitution (NIS)". In order to achieve this goal, home @entity413 monitoring and, depending on the @entity413 levels, self-made adjustments to the insulin therapy (according to individual algorithm) are the essential parts of this protocol. Of our study group of 18 pregnant @entity6 @entity1 , already eight of them (2 class B, 1 class C, 1 class D, 2 class R and 2 class RF) have been delivered. The mean maternal age was 27 years (21-39). All metabolic variables of consequence for a @entity6 @entity1 were within the normal limits. The mothers' mean weight gain was 16 kg (12-20), and the mean gestational age at delivery was 37.8 weeks (35-40). The mean birth weight was 3293 grams (2700-3700) and all newborns were within the 50th percentile. Five fetuses were delivered by caesarian section (indications: proliferative retinopathy 3, breech presentation 1, previous caesarian section 1). No @entity600 were found, nor @entity8455 , @entity649 or postpartum hyperglycaemia in the newborn. These preliminary results are encouraging. We feel that functional insulin therapy aiming at "near-normoglycaemic insulin substitution" promises to be very effective for @entity1 who are able and willing to follow the instructions received in the special education program.

title: [ XXXX and pregnancy: an interdisciplinary management program].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type I diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether or not baseline serum transaminases and @entity1011 measurements, before administration of @entity1499 , identified significant @entity8 , which have the potential to alter the management plan for the treatment of @entity5849 . DESIGN: This is a retrospective study of @entity1 treated for ectopic pregnancy. SETTING: @entity1 's emergency room and reproductive endocrinology office at a teaching hospital over a 3-year period. @entity1 (S): @entity1 presenting for treatment of ectopic pregnancy. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Assessment of baseline serum transaminases and @entity1011 measurements before administration of @entity1499 to identify significant @entity8 . RESULT(S): A total of 383 @entity1 were managed for ectopic pregnancy from January 2006 to December 2008. Of these, 320 @entity1 received @entity1499 as part of their treatment. No @entity1 was denied treatment with @entity1499 secondary to concerns regarding liver or renal function. No complication related to @entity1499 administration was documented. A subgroup of 81 @entity1 had pre- and postadministration labs, and no significant difference was noted upon comparing the values. CONCLUSION(S): Routine measurement of serum @entity492 aminotransferase and @entity1011 levels may not be necessary before instituting a single-dose @entity1499 treatment regimen for the management of ectopic pregnancy.

title: Role of routine monitoring of liver and renal function during treatment of XXXX with single-dose @entity1499 protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver or kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity5849 :: (MESH:D011271,Disease) :: ['ectopic pregnancies']


abstract: The effects of dietary fat on experimental mammary @entity5 have typically been observed in relatively young animals. However, in @entity1 populations, @entity0 incidence and mortality are highest in postmenopausal @entity1 . To develop an animal model that stimulates the @entity1 situation more closely, female @entity35 were given a relatively small dose (1.5 mg) of @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) at 50 days of age while on a semipurified diet containing 3% sunflower-seed oil. One week later, half of the 70 @entity35 were transferred to a diet containing 20% sunflower-seed oil. Very few mammary lesions appeared until about 35 weeks after administration of @entity106 , at which time palpable mammary @entity9384 began to appear in many of the animals on the high-fat diet. More than half of the animals in this group had developed @entity9384 by Week 41, whereas the other half of the animals on the low-fat diet developed @entity9384 by Week 46. @entity35 on the high-fat diet gradually became much more @entity28 than those on the low-fat diet and were significantly heavier at the time they developed lesions. The incidence of @entity9384 continued to increase in both groups and reached 100% in the group fed the high-fat diet by Week 55, with a 70% incidence of @entity420 . At this time, 79% of the animals on the low-fat diet had palpable @entity9384 without a plateau in incidence being reached. On autopsy, @entity420 were found in 57% of animals on the low-fat diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of dietary fat on long-term growth and mammary tumorigenesis in female XXXX given a low dose of @entity106 .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To gain recent epidemiologic information about @entity29 in The Netherlands, a prospective study over four years (1991-1995) was performed. METHODS: The incidence of @entity29 and its subgroups was examined using standardized reports of newly diagnosed @entity1 . A separate study compared the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registration and computerized diagnostic files of a subgroup of general practitioners with the aim of estimating completeness of case ascertainment. RESULTS: The following mean incidence rates (per 100,000 inhabitants and year) were found: 6.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.9-7.9) for @entity30 , 10 (95 percent confidence interval, 8.7-11.2) for @entity31 (23 percent of these with @entity1066 ), and 1.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.7-1.5) for indeterminate @entity1960 . In the age category 20 to 29 years, the incidence rate of @entity30 with small-bowel involvement was higher in females than in males. In extended @entity31 , a male preponderance was observed in the older age groups. Estimated case ascertainment was 78 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with recent studies in neighboring countries, the observed age and gender standardized incidence rates are high in the south of The Netherlands. Completeness of case ascertainment might have contributed to this observation; however, case ascertainment was low in @entity1066 . In the study area, differences in age and gender standardized incidence rates and in disease localizations could be compatible with an influence of environmental risk factors.

title: High incidence of XXXX in The Netherlands: results of a prospective study. The South Limburg IBD Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is implicated in tissue destruction under inflammatory conditions. An important mechanism controlling enzymatic activity might involve reactive @entity26 species generated by phagocytes. @entity3335 , a heme protein secreted by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, uses @entity273 to generate @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ). We demonstrate that @entity9785 inhibits the activity of @entity1 matrilysin ( @entity1917 ) in vitro, suggesting that it might limit proteolytic activity during @entity32 . When @entity1917 was exposed to @entity9785 generated by @entity3335 , the proteinase lost activity. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the tryptic digest of the @entity9785 -treated proteinase demonstrated the absence of two peptides that were present in the untreated enzyme. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis revealed that both of the lost peptides contained @entity1853 and @entity2340 - @entity2228 residues. The @entity1853 residue of one of the peptides had been oxidized to @entity18440 . In contrast, the major product from the other peptide was 4 atomic mass units smaller than its precursor (WG-4). This novel oxidation product was derived though modification of adjacent @entity2340 and @entity2228 residues in the catalytic domain of the enzyme. Loss of proteolytic activity was associated with conversion of the precursor peptide to WG-4 but not with @entity1853 oxidation. In contrast, @entity273 failed to oxidize @entity1917 or to inactivate the enzyme. Thus, @entity9785 inactivates @entity1917 , perhaps by site-specific conversion of @entity2340 - @entity2228 to WG-4. This inactivation mechanism is distinct from the well studied mechanisms involving tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Our findings suggest that local pericellular production of @entity9785 by phagocytes is a physiological mechanism for governing MMP activity during @entity32 .

title: Hypochlorous acid generated by @entity3335 modifies adjacent @entity2340 and @entity2228 residues in the catalytic domain of XXXX (matrilysin): an oxidative mechanism for restraining proteolytic activity during @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase', 'Myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity18440 :: ('MESH:C013111', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity1917 :: (4316,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-7']


abstract: Current treatment options for @entity1887 are limited to corticosteroid replacement therapies. However, hormone therapy does not replicate circadian rhythms and has unpleasant side effects especially due to the failure to restore normal function of the @entity2339 . @entity550 function would be a feasible and useful therapeutic strategy for @entity1 with @entity1887 . We created a bioartificial adrenal with 3D cell culture conditions by encapsulation of @entity291 adrenocortical cells (BACs) in alginate (enBACs). We found that, compared with BACs in monolayer culture, encapsulation in alginate significantly increased the life span of BACs. Encapsulation also improved significantly both the capacity of adrenal cells for stable, long-term basal hormone release as well as the response to pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and @entity1640 luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, [D- @entity66052 ]LHRH. The enBACs were transplanted into adrenalectomized, immunodeficient, and immunocompetent @entity35 . Animals received enBACs intraperitoneally, under the kidney capsule (free cells or cells encapsulated in alginate slabs) or s.c. enclosed in oxygenating and immunoisolating bAir devices. Graft function was confirmed by the presence of @entity701 in the plasma of @entity35 . Both types of grafted encapsulated cells, explanted after 21-25 d, preserved their morphology and functional response to ACTH stimulation. In conclusion, transplantation of a bioartificial adrenal with xenogeneic cells may be a treatment option for @entity1 with @entity5343 and other stress-related disorders. Furthermore, this model provides a microenvironment that ensures 3D cell-cell interactions as a unique tool to investigate new insights into cell biology, differentiation, tissue organization, and homeostasis.

title: Transplantation of XXXX adrenocortical cells encapsulated in alginate.

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal cell transplantation and the restoration of HPA axis']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pain quantification is essential for diagnostic and @entity158 monitoring purposes in disorders around the knee. Pressure algometry is a method described to determine pressure @entity158 threshold (PPT) by applying controlled pressure to a given body point. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of this method when it was applied to the medial part of the proximal tibia metaphysis and to evaluate the PPT levels between genders. METHODS: Fifty healthy (mean age; 46.9) volunteers were recruited, 25  @entity1 and 25  @entity1 . Pressure algometry was applied to a 1  cm(2)-probe area on the medial part of the knee by 2  raters. Intra- and interclass correlation (ICC) was obtained and differences between genders were evaluated. Bland-Altman plots were performed to evaluate the variability of the measures. RESULTS: The mean values of PPT obtained by rater  1 and 2 were 497.5  Kpa and 489  Kpa respectively. The intrarater reliability values (95% IC) for rater  1 and 2 were 0.97 (0.95-0.98) and 0.84 (0.73-0.90) respectively. With regard to interrater reliability, the ICC (95% IC) for the first measurement was 0.92 (0.87-0.95) and 0.86 (0.78-0.92) for the second one. @entity1 showed significant lower values of PPT than @entity1 . The Bland-Altmand plots showed excellent agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Pressure algometry has excellent reliability when it is applied to the medial part of the proximal metaphysis of the tibia. @entity1 have lower values of PTT than @entity1 . The high reliability of the PA in an individual volunteer makes it a more valuable tool for longitudinal assessment of a given @entity1 than for comparison between them. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III. Prospective study.

title: Pressure algometry is a useful tool to quantify XXXX in the medial part of the knee: An intra- and inter-reliability study in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: A case of @entity4607 is reported with clinical, roentgenographical and histopathologic findings. The @entity1 was a 53-year-old @entity1 who had undergone right hemithyroidectomy for @entity259 4 years before. An abnormal shadow, which was a non-clearly demarcated @entity5 , 2 cm in diameter, in the left middle lung field, was noted on her routine X-ray in February 2001. Physical examination and laboratory data revealed no significant findings, but computed tomography(CT) scans of the chest showed a gathering of small-sized high-density lesions in the nodule. She underwent left S8 segmentectomy on March 21, 2001. The pathology report on the frozen section was @entity4607 . Histopathologically, the lesion was characterized by a composition of bronchial epithelium, fat tissue and cartilage, with being diagnosed as a chondromatous @entity4607 . The @entity1 's postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged with no supportive therapy 14 days after the operation. To date, 14 months after the operation, the @entity1 has been in good condition, without evidence of recurrence or distant @entity3 on diagnostic imaging. This case is particularly interesting because a gathering of small-sized @entity4607 was demonstrated by imaging.

title: [Chondromatous XXXX with a unique demonstration on diagnostic imaging; report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hamartoma', 'hamartoma of the lung']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['hamartoma of the lung']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: High spatial resolution of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR imaging allows characterization of heterogenous @entity5 microenvironment. Our purpose was to determine which is the best advanced MR imaging protocol, focused on additional MR perfusion method, for predicting recurrent metastatic @entity1313 following gamma-knife radiosurgery (GKRS). METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive @entity1 with post-GKRS metastatic @entity1313 were enrolled. Two readers independently calculated the percentile histogram cutoffs for normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV) from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging and initial area under the time signal-intensity curve (IAUC) from DCE imaging, respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and interreader agreement were assessed. RESULTS: For differentiating @entity5 recurrence from therapy effect, adding DCE imaging to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) significantly improved AUC from 0.79 to 0.95 for reader 1 and from 0.80 to 0.96 for reader 2, respectively. There was no significant difference of AUC between the combination of DWI with DSC imaging and the combination of DWI with DCE imaging for both readers. With the combination of DWI and DCE imaging, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.7 and 88.1  % for reader 1 and 90.0 and 85.7  % for reader 2, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between readers was highest for calculation of the 90th percentile histogram cutoffs for IAUC (ICC, 0.87). CONCLUSION: Adding perfusion MR imaging to DWI significantly improves the prediction of recurrent @entity3 ; however, the diagnostic performance is not affected by selection of either DSC or DCE MR perfusion method.

title: Which is the best advanced MR imaging protocol for predicting recurrent metastatic XXXX following gamma-knife radiosurgery: focused on perfusion method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Reduced @entity251 , a recognized comorbidity of @entity1720 ( @entity1720 ) and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), has also been reported in adult males with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). However, there are limited data on how early reduced @entity251 occurs, and whether it is related to the reduced @entity1720 in @entity1723 . @entity1243 , a modulator of the @entity2270 , may also influence @entity251 in @entity1723 . We hypothesized that @entity1720 and @entity1243 would be associated with total @entity251 (TT), and free @entity342 index (FAI) in adolescent males with @entity1723 . METHODS: @entity1723 (n   =   35), @entity2175 (n   =   13), lean (n   =   13) and @entity28 (n   =   9) adolescent males had @entity1720 measured by @entity1717 ( @entity413 infusion rate [GIR]), in addition to @entity1243 , @entity443 ( @entity443 ), TT, and FAI. The cohort was stratified into those with @entity1723 (n   =   35) and those without (n   =   35). RESULTS: TT and @entity443 were lower in @entity2175 @entity1 vs. lean controls, and GIR and @entity1243 correlated with FAI and TT in non- @entity1723 @entity1 . However, despite being insulin resistant, adolescent males with @entity1723 had normal TT and FAI, unrelated to GIR. In @entity1723 , @entity1243 was inversely associated with TT (p   =   0.005) and FAI (p   =   0.01), independent of puberty, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), @entity6 duration, body mass index (BMI) z-score and GIR. CONCLUSION: @entity1243 accounted for a significant proportion of the variability of @entity251 in @entity1723 . However, despite reduced @entity1720 , there was no association between @entity1720 and @entity251 in @entity1723 adolescents. These observations suggest that the mechanisms affecting @entity251 may differ between adolescent males with and without @entity1723 .

title: @entity251 concentration and XXXX in young @entity1 with type 1 and @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['reduced insulin sensitivity', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity1720 :: (MESH:D007333,Disease) :: ['insulin sensitivity']


abstract: Variable numbers of @entity2280 + cells can be harvested from the blood of @entity3052 @entity1 in CR after @entity1261 supported mobilization following consolidation chemotherapy. We hypothesized that a decreased ability to mobilize stem cells reflects a chemotherapy-induced reduction in the number of normal and leukemic stem cells. We therefore analyzed whether the mobilizing capacity of these @entity1 was of prognostic significance. 342 @entity3052 - @entity1 in first CR received daily @entity1261 from day 20 of the consolidation course and underwent 1-6 aphereses to obtain a minimum dose of 2 x 10(6) @entity2280 + cells/kg. Afterwards they were randomized for autologous bone marrow (BM) or blood @entity12497 . As a surrogate marker for the mobilizing capacity, the highest yield of @entity2280 + cells of a single apheresis was adopted. @entity1 could be categorized into four groups: no harvest (n = 76), low yield (<1 x 10(6) @entity2280 +/kg; n = 50), intermediate yield (1-6.9 x 10(6) @entity2280 + cells/kg; n = 128) and high yield (> or = 7 x 10(6) @entity2280 + cells/kg; n = 88). The median follow-up was 3.4 years; 163 relapses and 16 deaths in CR were reported. Autologous blood or BM @entity12497 was performed in 36%, 64%, 81% and 88%, respectively, of the @entity1 assigned to the no harvest, low, intermediate and high @entity2280 + yield group. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 46.7%, 65.0%, 50.4% and 26.9% (P = 0.0002) and the relapse incidence was 47.5%, 30.1%, 43.1% and 71.9% (P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox's proportional hazards model showed that the @entity2280 + yield was the most important independent prognostic variable (P = 0.005) after cytogenetics. @entity1 with the highest mobilizing capacity have a poor prognosis due to an increased relapse incidence.

title: The stem cell mobilizing capacity of @entity1 with XXXX in complete remission correlates with relapse risk: results of the EORTC-GIMEMA @entity3052 -10 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Recent data suggested that daytime somnolence in @entity1 with @entity2023 was secondary to disrupted sleep caused by nasal @entity384 . Medications, which decreased @entity384 , would be expected to improve sleep and daytime somnolence. Previously, we showed that nasal @entity230 improved all three symptoms. Presently, we have not performed objective sleep testing to determine if there is a correlation between subjective improvement of @entity384 , sleep, and daytime somnolence. The objective of this 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine if topical nasal @entity5023 is effective at decreasing subjective @entity384 and daytime somnolence and improving sleep and if this improvement correlated with a change in overnight sleep testing (polysomnography). We recruited 32 subjects with @entity9590 and randomized them in a double-blinded, cross-over fashion, to receive placebo or @entity5023 (50 micrograms a spray), 2 sprays each side everyday, using Balaam's design. Questionnaires, quality of life instruments, daily diary, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and an overnight sleep test with polysomnograms were used as tools. The last 2 weeks of each 4-week treatment period were summarized, scored, and compared by @entity3790 MIXED in SAS. Correlations between arousals on sleep tests and subjective tests were performed. @entity5023 improved subjective sleep when compared with placebo (p = 0.04); however, there was no difference in the @entity386 / @entity387 index in those that were treated. Daytime @entity25 and @entity1295 were decreased by > 10% in the treated group; however, this was not statistically significant. However, @entity5023 used at approved doses improves subjective sleep in @entity1 with @entity9590 without a change in the @entity386 / @entity387 index.

title: The effect of topical nasal @entity5023 on objective sleep testing and the symptoms of rhinitis, sleep, and daytime somnolence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluticasone', 'fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

answer: @entity9590 :: (MESH:D012221,Disease) :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Atrophic non-unions are a major clinical problem. @entity8038 ( @entity8038 ) are electrolyte-coated @entity692 particles that have been shown in vitro to bind growth factors electrostatically and enable a tuneable sustained release. Herein, we studied whether @entity8038 can be used in vivo to apply @entity8385 ( @entity8385 ) to improve bone repair of @entity3202 . For this purpose, @entity3202 were induced in femurs of CD-1 @entity19 (n = 48). Animals either received @entity8385 -coated @entity8038 ( @entity8038 + BMP; n = 16), uncoated @entity8038 ( @entity8038 ; n = 16) or no @entity8038 (NONE; n = 16). Bone healing was evaluated 2 and 10 weeks postoperatively by micro-computed tomographic (  CT), biomechanical, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses.   CT revealed more bone volume with more highly mineralised bone in @entity8038 + BMP femurs. Femurs of @entity8038 + BMP animals showed a significantly higher bending stiffness compared to other groups. Histomorphometry further demonstrated that the callus of @entity8038 + BMP femurs was larger and contained more bone and less fibrous tissue. After 10 weeks, 7 of 8 @entity8038 + BMP femurs presented with complete osseous bridging, whereas NONE femurs exhibited a non-union rate of 100 %. Of interest, immunohistochemistry could not detect macrophages within the callus, indicating a good biocompatibility of @entity8038 . In conclusion, the local application of @entity8385 -coated @entity8038 improved bone healing in a challenging @entity19 non-union model and, thus, should be of clinical interest in the treatment of non-unions.

title: @entity8385 -coated mineral coated microparticles improve bone repair in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['MCM', 'Mineral coated microparticles']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic non-unions']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity8385 :: ('12156(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2', 'BMP-2']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic non-unions']


abstract: The aims of present study were to determine whether @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is involved in the central integration of the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex and whether this effect is mediated by the @entity10340 type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) receptor. While the animals were under @entity4486 and @entity4774 anesthesia, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded in sinoaortic-denervated and cervical-vagotomized @entity35 . A cannula was inserted into the left PVN for microinjection of @entity1808 . The cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex was tested by electrical stimulation (5, 10, 20, and 30 Hz in 10 V and 1 ms) of the afferent cardiac sympathetic nerves or epicardial application of @entity1812 (BK) (0.04 and 0.4 microg in 2 microl). Microinjection of @entity1808 (0.03, 0.3, and 3 nmol) into the PVN resulted in dose-related increases in the RSNA responses to electrical stimulation. The percent change of RSNA response to 20- and 30-Hz stimulation increased significantly at the highest dose of @entity10340 II (3 nmol). The effects of @entity1808 were prevented by pretreatment with @entity9886 (50 nmol) into the PVN. Microinjection of @entity1808 (0.3 nmol) into the PVN significantly enhanced the RSNA responses to epicardial application of BK, which was abolished by pretreatment with @entity9886 (50 nmol) into the PVN. These results suggest that exogenous @entity1808 in the PVN augments the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex evoked by both electrical stimulation of @entity299 and epicardial application of BK. These central effects of @entity1808 are mediated by @entity1129 (1) receptors.

title: Microinjection of XXXX II into paraventricular nucleus enhances cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity10340 :: (305843(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['ANG']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity19518 inhibits angiogenesis as well as proliferation and survival of @entity980 cells. However, it promotes migration of these cells in an IGF-independent manner. The IGF system is implicated in @entity43 , so we studied the effects of @entity19518 in @entity43 cells. METHODS: The effects of wild type (wt) and a non-IGF-binding mutant (m) of @entity19518 on migration of HEY and SKOV3 @entity43 cells, which, respectively, @entity5 , were studied. @entity3963 and @entity4675 phosphorylation were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: @entity5100 , wt-, and @entity10252 each promoted SKOV3 cell migration by 77-98% (p   <   0.01). In contrast, @entity5100 also increased HEY cell migration to 155        13% of control (p   <   0.001), but wt- @entity19518 and @entity10252 decreased migration to 62        5 and 66        3%, respectively (p   <   0.001). In these cells, coincubation of @entity5100 with wt but not @entity10252 increased migration. MAP kinase pathways are involved in @entity19518 -induced @entity980 cell migration, so activation of these pathways was studied in HEY and SKOV3 cells. Wt and @entity10252 increased @entity3963 phosphorylation by 62-99% in both cell lines (p   <   0.05). Wt- @entity19518 also increased @entity4675 phosphorylation by 139-153% in both cell lines (p   <   0.05), but the effect of @entity10252 was less clear. @entity3963 and @entity4675 inhibitors partially inhibited the migratory effects of wt and @entity10252 in SKOV3 cells, whereas the @entity3963 inhibitor partially restored wt and @entity10252 -induced inhibition of HEY cell migration. The @entity4675 inhibitor had a lesser effect on the actions of wtIGFBP-6 and no effect on the actions of @entity10252 in HEY cells. CONCLUSION: @entity19518 has opposing effects on migration of HEY and SKOV3 @entity43 cells, but activates MAP kinase pathways in both. Delineating the pathways underlying the differential effects on migration will increase our understanding of @entity43 metastasis and shed new light on the IGF-independent effects of @entity19518 .

title: Differential Effects of @entity19518 ( @entity19518 ) on Migration of Two XXXX Cell Lines.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['represent aggressive and transitional cancers']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity4341 stimulates @entity842 action via inhibition of phosphodiesterase and also has an antioxidant effect. @entity1811 inhibitor reduces glomerular pressure and enhances NO action via increased bradykinin. Thus, we evaluated the effect of the combination of @entity4341 and @entity1811 inhibitor in @entity2316 . METHODS: @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 at 2 weeks were treated with @entity4341 , @entity9383 or both. The expression of NOS and @entity1110 oxidase @entity12614 was investigated using immunohistochemistry and western blot, and urinary albumin, @entity6708 and lipid peroxidation products (LPO) were measured at 4 weeks. RESULTS: @entity1110 oxidase and urinary LPO were significantly enhanced in @entity6 , and suppressed by each treatment to the same extent. The @entity5612 expression in macula densa and eNOS increased significantly with combination therapy compared to @entity9383 treatment alone contributing to an enhanced urinary excretion of @entity6708 and to maintain the @entity1011 clearance. Increased @entity633 in @entity6 was reduced more effectively with combination therapy to the control level than with single treatments. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with @entity4341 and @entity9383 suppressed urinary LPO via reduction of @entity1110 oxidase increase in @entity6 . The combination therapy reduced microalbuminuria to the control level and maintained @entity1011 clearance with enhanced @entity5612 and eNOS expression compared to @entity9383 alone.

title: Effect of combination therapy with XXXX and @entity9383 in @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9383 :: ('MESH:C041125', 'Chemical') :: ['quinapril']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endocrine therapy is provided to all @entity1 with @entity172 receptor (ER)-positive @entity0 , but only a subset of them derives clinical benefit. The discovery of @entity1783 and its five isoforms added another layer of complexity in the regulation of @entity172 activity in @entity0 cells. Two large retrospective studies showed conflicting results with regard to the prognostic value of the different @entity1783 isoforms in @entity1 treated with @entity440 in an adjuvant setting. This study tested the hypothesis that ERb1 and, or ERb2 are correlated with clinical outcome. We identified @entity1 with @entity0 who had undergone surgery at Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, between January 2004 and March 2006. We evaluated 101 consecutive cases for ERb1 and ERb2 expression using immunohistochemical staining and obtained other clinicopathology by reviewing medical records. ERb1 was expressed in 81.2% (79 of 97) and ERb2 was expressed in 50.5% (51 of 101) of primary @entity0 tissues. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with @entity5 expressing ERb2 was significantly worse. Moreover, in subgroup analysis according to the @entity440 treatment, ERb2 expression was significantly associated with shorter DFS of @entity440 -treated @entity1 . This study indicates that @entity0 with ERb2 expression was associated with worse DFS and @entity1349 , especially in @entity440 treated @entity1 . Our results suggest a role for ERb2 as an independent prognostic marker and might serve as a new therapeutic target.

title: The potential role of @entity172 receptor b2 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity385 swiftly induces a wide spectrum of pathophysiological sequelae, particularly in the aged brain. The translational failure of experimental therapies might hence at least partially be related to monotherapeutic approaches, not ideally addressing potential counter-mechanisms to their full extent or within the best time window. For example, therapeutic effect relying on stem/progenitor cell mobilization by @entity7420 ( @entity7420 ) require about a week to become manifest, which is potentially beyond the optimal timing. Here, we tested the hypothesis that treating post- @entity64 aged @entity35 with the combination of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM MNC) and @entity7420 improves the long term (56 days) functional outcome by compensating the delay before @entity7420 effects come to full effect. To this end, 1x106 syngeneic BM MNC per kg bodyweight (BW) in combination with @entity7420 (50  g/kg, intraperitoneal application, continued for 28 days) were administered via the jugular vein to aged @entity35 at six hours post- @entity64 . @entity1188 volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging at 3 and 48 days post- @entity64 and additionally by immunohistochemistry at day 56. Functional recovery was tested during the entire post- @entity64 survival period. Daily @entity7420 treatment led to robust and consistent improvement of neurological function, but did not alter final @entity1188 volumes. The combination of @entity7420 and BM MNC, did not further improve post- @entity64 recovery. The lack of an additional benefit may be due to an hitherto not well investigated interaction between both approaches and, to a minor extent, to the insensitivity of the aged brains to regenerative mechanisms. Also considering recent findings on other tandem approaches involving @entity7420 in animal models featuring relevant co-morbidities, we conclude that such combination therapies are not the optimal approach to treat the acutely injured aged brain.

title: Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor And Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells For XXXX Treatment In The Aged Brain.

entities_list: @entity7420 :: ('25610(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the literature on the neuropsychological, psychosocial, and functional profiles of @entity1 with unruptured @entity438 . METHODS: This review was limited to peer-reviewed research articles that reported cognitive, psychosocial, and/or functional profiles of @entity1 with unruptured @entity438 . Studies were identified through Medline and PsychINFO by searching "(unruptured [intracranial OR cerebral] aneurysm) AND (cogniti* OR neuropsycholog* OR @entity148 OR @entity308 OR [quality of life] OR work OR employment OR [activities of daily living] OR [instrumental activities of daily living])." Only articles that were published since January 1997 were considered. Reference lists of included articles were inspected for additional studies. Only articles in English were included. Case studies were excluded. Twenty-two articles were included in this review. RESULTS: The literature demonstrates that although treatment for unruptured @entity438 allays @entity148 , it also results in an observable, though transient decline in cognition and daily functioning. Even before treatment, preliminary evidence hints that these @entity1 are not free of @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: The algorithm that underlies the decision to treat an unruptured @entity438 ought to add more weight to the neuropsychological, psychosocial, and functional profiles of these @entity1 . The clinical relevance of these @entity1 does not begin and end with their risk of @entity397 .

title: Behavioral profile of unruptured XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['such impairments']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between manifold measures of @entity410 and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the hip and spine in 233 middle--aged @entity1 . An additional objective was to determine the effect of several potential confounding variables, including age, body weight, @entity460 consumption, @entity560 intake, and menopause status on the relationships between @entity410 and @entity79 . METHODS: A cross--sectional design was used. Fitness was indexed using multiple variables: bench press, sit--ups, best jump, VO 2 max, and Total Fitness. Total Fitness was indexed using the mean Z--score of the other @entity410 tests. Hip and spine @entity79 were assessed using dual energy X--ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The associations between hip @entity79 and bench press (F=5.3, P=0.0219), sit--ups (F=7.5, P=0.0065), best jump (F=11.6, P=0.0008), VO 2 max (F=9.3, P=0.00251), and Total Fitness (F=16.1, P=<0.0001) were statistically significant. Relationships between spine @entity79 and four of the dimensions of @entity410 were significant: bench press (F=9.4, P=0.0025), sit--up (F=11.7, P=0.0007), best jump (F=6.9, P=0.0093), and the composite @entity410 score (F=13.4, P=0.0003). VO 2 max was not predictive of spine @entity79 (F=2.0, P=0.1610). Age had the strongest confounding effect on the hip @entity79 associations, whereas menopause status had the strongest influence on the spine @entity79 relationships. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, findings suggest that objectively measured @entity410 is a strong predictor of differences in @entity79 of the hip and spine in middle--aged @entity1 , before and after adjusting for differences in several potential confounding variables.

title: Fitness and bone density in @entity1 : the role of age, weight, XXXX , @entity560 , and menopause.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This trial investigated the decrease of blood pressure, safety and tolerability of @entity917 , an angiotensin-receptor blocker, alone or combined with the diuretic @entity918 . In addition, the effect on pulse pressure, heart rate and mean blood pressure were recorded as independent markers of cardiovascular risk. @entity1 AND METHODS: 12278 @entity101 @entity1 were treated for 12 weeks with @entity917 alone or combined with @entity918 in a multi-centre open trial. Previously established antihypertensive treatment was continued. Systolic and diastolic pressure, pulse pressure and resting heart rate were recorded at the start of the trial and at 1, 4 and 12 weeks thereafter. RESULTS: Data on 11447 were complete enough to be evaluated (54% males, 46% females; mean age 60.8 years). 44% of the @entity1 were at the same time receiving other antihypertensive drugs at the start of the trial, but the numbers so treated decreased during the trial period. Systolic pressure was reduced by 27.8 mmHg. diastolic pressure by 14.7 mmHg, with a calculated reduction of pulse pressure from 71.5 to 58.7 mmHg. Heart rate was reduced by 3.4 beats. The treatment had to be stopped prematurely in 2.3% of @entity1 because of side effects. There were no severe or life-threatening side effects. CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity917 alone or combined with @entity918 provides effective blood pressure reduction and is well tolerated. This trial suggests that, in addition to the fall in blood pressure, the independent risk factors of @entity65 , pulse pressure and resting heart rate, were also reduced during administration of @entity917 .

title: [Lowering of blood pressure, blood pressure amplitude and heart rate by treatment with @entity917 or @entity917 / @entity918 . Results of an open observation study of 11,447 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensives']