abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) makes up 80-85% of all @entity2 cases. @entity2 in older individuals is frequently undertreated. @entity1 eligible for @entity900 - based chemotherapy should be selected carefully. The aim of this retrospective single-center study was to evaluate prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in elderly (>= 65 years) @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 who received first-line @entity900 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 110 elderly @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 who had been administered @entity900 -based first-line chemotherapy between December 2004 and November 2011. Seventeen potential prognostic variables were chosen for analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with @entity1349 . RESULTS: Among the 17 variables of univariate analysis, 4 were identified to have prognostic significance for @entity1349 : comorbidities (p<0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) (p=0.02), first-line chemotherapy cycles (p<0.001) and serum albumin level (p=0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that only ECOG PS (p=0.01) was independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: PS was important prognostic factor in elderly @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . The findings of this study may facilitate pretreatment prediction of @entity1349 and therefore can be used for selecting the most appropriate treatment for elderly @entity1 .

title: Prognostic factors in elderly @entity1 with advanced XXXX treated with first-line @entity900 -based chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis of single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIMS: We aimed to compare the performance of renal function and age as predictors of inter-individual variability (IIV) in clearance of @entity4509 in neonates through parallel development of population pharmacokinetic (PK) models, and their associated impact on optimal dosing regimens. METHODS: @entity4509 concentrations were retrospectively collected for 149 neonates receiving @entity4509 (postnatal age (PNA) between 4-89 days). Two population pharmacokinetic models were developed in parallel, considering at least as predictors current body @entity353 ( @entity353 ), in combination with either @entity1011 clearance ( @entity35105 ) or age descriptors. Using stochastic simulations for both renal function or age-based dosing, we identified optimal dosing strategies that were based on attainment of optimal peak- (PCC) and trough target concentration coverage (TCC) windows associated with efficacy and @entity137 . RESULTS: The @entity35105 and age-based population PK models both included current body @entity353 ( @entity353 ) on CL, central volume and intercompartmental clearance, in combination with either @entity35105 or PNA as predictors for IIV of clearance (CL). The @entity353 - @entity35105 model explained 6.9% more IIV in CL compared to the @entity353 -PNA model. Both models successfully described an external dataset (n   =   53) of @entity4509 PK. The simulation analysis of optimal dose regimens suggested similar performance of either @entity35105 or PNA based dosing. CONCLUSION: @entity35105 predicted more IIV in CL, but did not translate into clinically relevant improvements of target concentrations. Our optimized dose regimens can be considered for further evaluation to optimize initial treatment with @entity4509 .

title: Evaluating renal function and age as predictors of XXXX clearance in neonates: model-based analysis and optimal dosing strategies.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin', 'Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: Intraglomerular @entity15395 has been linked to @entity8 . However, little is known about the contribution of podocytes (POD) to intraglomerular @entity15395 homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to examine the processing of angiotensin substrates by cultured POD. Our approach was to use matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for peptide determination from conditioned cell media and customized AQUA peptides for quantification. Immortalized @entity19 POD were incubated with 1-2 microM @entity15395 , @entity15395 , or the renin substrate ANG-(1-14) for different time intervals and coincubated in parallel with various inhibitors. @entity1 mesangial cells (MES) were used as controls. POD incubated with 1 microM @entity15395 primarily formed ANG-(1-9) and ANG-(1-7). In contrast, MES incubated with @entity15395 primarily generated @entity15395 . In POD, ANG-(1-7) was the predominant product, and its formation was inhibited by a neprilysin inhibitor. Modest @entity14206 ( @entity14206 ) activity was also detected in POD, although only after cells were incubated with 2 microM @entity15395 . In addition, we observed that POD degraded @entity15395 into ANG III and ANG-(1-7). An @entity18290 inhibitor inhibited ANG III formation, and an @entity24287 inhibitor led to @entity15395 accumulation. Furthermore, we found that POD converted ANG-(1-14) to @entity15395 and ANG-(1-7). This conversion was inhibited by a renin inhibitor. These findings demonstrate that POD express a functional intrinsic renin-angiotensin system characterized by neprilysin, @entity18290 , @entity24287 , and renin activities, which predominantly lead to ANG-(1-7) and ANG-(1-9) formation, as well as @entity15395 degradation. These findings may reflect a specific role of POD in maintenance of intraglomerular renin-angiotensin system balance.

title: Characterization of renin-angiotensin system enzyme activities in cultured XXXX podocytes.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity14206 :: ('11421(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain derived proteins such as 14-3-3, @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ), @entity4483 , tau, phosphorylated tau and Abeta1-42 were found to be altered in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) @entity1 . The pathogenic mechanisms leading to these abnormalities are not known, but a relation to rapid @entity528 is assumed. No systematic analysis on brain-derived proteins in the CSF and neuropathological lesion profiles has been performed. METHODS: CSF protein levels of brain-derived proteins and the degree of @entity7495 , @entity528 and @entity5219 in various brain areas were analyzed in 57 @entity3605 @entity1 . RESULTS: We observed three different patterns of CSF alteration associated with the degree of cortical and subcortical changes. @entity3508 levels increased with lesion severity of subcortical areas. Tau and 14-3-3 levels increased with minor pathological changes, a negative correlation was observed with severity of @entity75 . Levels of the physiological form of the @entity3669 ( @entity3669 ) and Abeta1-42 levels correlated negatively with cortical pathology, most clearly with temporal and @entity75 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the alteration of levels of brain-derived proteins in the CSF does not only reflect the degree of @entity528 , but it is also modified by the localization on the @entity75 . Brain specific lesion patterns have to be considered when analyzing CSF neuronal proteins.

title: Brain-derived proteins in the CSF: do they correlate with XXXX in @entity3605 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['occipital lesions', 'cortical lesions', 'brain pathology']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['spongiform changes']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain pathology']


abstract: Sperm motility encompasses a wide range of events involving epididymal maturation and activation of biochemical pathways, most notably @entity1919 ( @entity268 )-protein kinase A (PKA) activation. Following the discovery of @entity2774 - @entity377 exchange factors (RAPGEFs), also known as exchange proteins activated by @entity268 , we investigated the separate roles of PKA and RAPGEFs in sperm motility. RT-PCR showed the presence of @entity42846 , @entity42847 , and @entity33299 , as well as several known RAPGEF partner mRNAs, in spermatogenic cells. However, @entity42846 and @entity42847 appeared to be less abundant in condensing spermatids versus pachytene spermatocytes. Similarly, many of these proteins were detected by immunoblotting. @entity33299 was detected in germ cells and @entity19 epididymal sperm. Indirect immunofluorescence localized @entity35077 , @entity42848 , @entity1994 pT(308), and @entity33299 to the acrosome, while @entity42849 was found in the postacrosomal region. @entity42848 was present throughout the tail, while @entity42849 and @entity1994 pT(308) were in the midpiece. When motility was assessed in demembranated cauda epididymal sperm, addition of @entity855 and the selective ligand for RAPGEFs, @entity32238 , resulted in motility, but the sperm were unable to undergo hyperactivated-like motility. In contrast, when demembranated cauda epididymal sperm were incubated with @entity855 plus @entity8279 , sperm became motile and progressed to hyperactivated-like motility. However, no significant difference was observed when intact sperm were examined. @entity6913 phosphorylation was altered in the presence of H89, a PKA inhibitor. Significantly, intact caput epididymal sperm became motile when incubated in the presence of extracellular @entity855 . These results provide evidence for a new pathway involved in endowing sperm with the capacity to swim.

title: Signaling in sperm: toward a molecular understanding of the acquisition of sperm motility in the XXXX epididymis.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We report a prospective, controlled study of the incidence of @entity532 following biliary tract stone surgery. This study included a total of 280 @entity1 operated on in eight hospitals in various European countries. In this study the computer program "Surgery" was used. Of 280 @entity1 , 77 (27.5%) were male and 203 (72.5%) were female. The age ranged from 20 to 92 years (mean 54.8 years); 78.9% of the cases corresponded to clean-contaminated surgery; 85% of the patients received antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity7048 . Twenty-one @entity1 developed @entity260 (7.5%) of which 12 (4.3%) were wound infections; five @entity1 (1.8%) had @entity1320 . The wound @entity281 rate was 3.2% in clean-contaminated surgery, 7.7% in contaminated and 20% in dirty (p < 0.02). In laparoscopic cholecystectomy the global rate of @entity532 was 3.6% vs. 12.6% in open cholecystectomy (p < 0.01); 2.4% and 6.3% wound @entity281 respectively. The mean age of @entity1 who developed @entity260 was 61.5 years and 54.2 years old who did not develop any complications (p < 0.03). The duration of the postoperative period was 5 days in @entity1 without @entity281 and 13 days in @entity1 with @entity281 (p < 0.0001). Two @entity1 died, one of them (0.4%) caused by @entity295 . In addition to the European prospective study, a review of the problems of @entity295 in biliary surgery was carried out.

title: XXXX after biliary tract stone surgery: a review and report of the European prospective study.

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['septic complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative septic complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['Septic complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intranasal glucocorticoids are effective in the treatment of @entity2023 . Their effectiveness as an anti-inflammatory adjunct in the treatment of @entity697 has not been adequately established in a controlled clinical study. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that intranasal @entity228 treatment produces additional relief in the treatment of @entity697 with oral antibiotics. METHODS: @entity1 who were 12 years old and older with a history of recurrent @entity1244 were treated while experiencing a new episode of @entity697 , which was diagnosed by symptoms and confirmed by computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses. @entity1 were treated for 21 days with @entity115 clavulanate @entity972 and randomized to receive concurrent @entity10438 nasal spray (MFNS; Nasonex [400 microg, twice daily]; n = 200 @entity1 ) or placebo spray (twice daily; n = 207 @entity1 ). Symptom scores for @entity10 , @entity158 , @entity384 , postnasal drip, and cough were recorded at baseline and throughout treatment. RESULTS: Baseline symptom scores showed a moderate level of symptom severity comparable in both groups. @entity1 -recorded twice daily symptom scores showed that adjunctive treatment with MFNS caused a significantly greater decrease in total symptom score (primary efficacy variable) and in individual scores of inflammatory symptoms associated with the obstruction process ( @entity10 , @entity384 , and @entity158 ) compared with placebo. Symptoms associated with the secretory processes were improved to a lesser degree. Therapy-related local adverse events were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of intranasal corticosteroid, MFNS 400 microg twice daily, to antibiotics significantly reduces symptoms of @entity697 compared with antibiotic treatment alone.

title: Added relief in the treatment of @entity697 with adjunctive @entity10438 nasal spray. The Nasonex XXXX Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute recurrent sinusitis', 'acute sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion, purulent rhinorrhea', 'congestion']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['Sinusitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endobronchial @entity378 (EBTB) has been shown to frequently complicate @entity850 , a condition which can induce @entity1353 as a result of @entity1224 , and is also frequently misdiagnosed as either @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to determine whether there was a correlation between @entity379 ( @entity379 ) and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) levels in the serum and bronchial washing fluid (BWF), and the results of the treatment of EBTB @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 , all of whom were diagnosed as EBTB, were enrolled, as were 10 healthy control subjects. @entity379 and @entity2533 levels were measured by the ELISA method in the serum and BWF of these 30 EBTB @entity1 before and after treatment. The EBTB @entity1 were divided into two groups: those who exhibited @entity850 after treatment and those who did not. Chest computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) were performed in 16 and 25 @entity1 , respectively, at initial bronchoscopy. RESULTS: @entity379 and @entity2533 levels in the BWF of the EBTB @entity1 were elevated compared to the controls (p < 0.05). After 2 months of treatment, 13 of the 30 EBTB @entity1 exhibited bronchial fibrostenosis and the other 17 cases had recovered without sequelae. In the @entity850 group, the initial serum @entity2533 levels were lower than in the @entity1 without @entity850 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of serum @entity2533 after treatment were shown to have decreased more than in the @entity1 without @entity850 (p < 0.05). On chest CT findings of 16 EBTB @entity1 , bronchial narrowing was suspected except in 2 cases (1 @entity4 -hyperemic type, 1 actively caseating type of segmental bronchus). The common features of PFT in EBTB at the initial diagnosis were a restrictive pattern and normal ventilatory function. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity379 and @entity2533 levels in the BWF of the EBTB @entity1 may be related to EBTB pathogenesis. Lowered initial serum @entity2533 levels as well as the observed changes in the levels of @entity2533 in the serum after treatment have been implicated in bronchial fibrostenosis during the course of the disease.

title: Changes in the levels of XXXX and @entity2533 influence @entity850 during the treatment of endobronchial @entity378 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma or lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 is one of the systemic features of @entity1030 . A correlation between the @entity2415 phenotype of @entity1030 and reduced @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is suggested by some studies, however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. Experimental studies indicate that @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity310 may play important roles in the etiology of both @entity170 and @entity2415 . The @entity5299 /RANK/ @entity5298 system is an important regulator of bone metabolism, and participates in the development of @entity14577 . Whether the @entity5299 /RANK/ @entity5298 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity170 in @entity1030 has not been studied. METHODS: Eighty male @entity1 (current or former smokers) completed a chest CT scan, pulmonary function test, dual x-ray absorptiometry measurements and questionnaires. Among these subjects, thirty @entity1 with normal @entity79 and thirty @entity1 with low @entity79 were selected randomly for measurement of @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity310 (flow cytometry) and @entity5299 /RANK/ @entity5298 (ELISA). Twenty age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. RESULTS: Among these eighty @entity1 , thirty-six had normal @entity79 and forty-four had low @entity79 . Age, BMI and CAT score showed significant differences between these two @entity1030 groups (p < 0.05). The low-attenuation area (LAA%) in the lungs of @entity1030 @entity1 was negatively correlated with lumbar vertebral @entity79 (r = 0.741; p < 0.0001). Forward logistic regression analysis showed that only LAA% (p = 0.005) and BMI (p = 0.009) were selected as explanatory variables. The level of @entity1356 was significantly higher in the @entity1030 @entity1 as compared to the normal controls (p < 0.05), but the difference between the two @entity1030 groups did not reach significance. The levels of @entity650 and @entity310 among the three groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The level of @entity5298 and the @entity5298 / @entity5299 ratio were significantly higher in @entity1030 @entity1 with low @entity79 compared to those with normal @entity79 and the normal controls (p < 0.05), and correlated negatively with lumbar vertebral @entity79 , but positively with LAA%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2415 is correlated with low @entity79 in current and former smokers with @entity1030 . @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity310 , and the @entity170 -related protein system @entity5299 /RANK/ @entity5298 may have some synergetic effects on @entity2415 and @entity604 in @entity1030 .

title: Disturbance of the XXXX /RANK/ @entity5298 pathway and systemic inflammation in @entity1030 @entity1 with @entity2415 and @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['post-menopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['Radiographic emphysema', 'emphysema']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity5299 :: (690,Gene) :: ['OPG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curative treatment options for @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity157 ) include resection, liver transplantation, and percutaneous ablation therapy. However, even @entity1 with solitary @entity157 are not always amenable to these treatments. The authors prospectively investigated the clinical outcomes of @entity1 who received stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for solitary @entity157 . METHODS: A phase 2 study involving @entity1053 (TACE) was conducted in @entity1 with @entity1 -Pugh grade A or B and underlying, solitary @entity157 (greatest @entity5 dimension,  <=4 cm) who were unsuitable candidates for resection and radiofrequency ablation. The prescription dose was 35 to 40 grays in 5 fractions. The primary endpoint was 3-year local @entity5 control. RESULTS: From 2007 to 2012, 101 @entity1 were enrolled, and 90 were evaluable with a median follow-up of 41.7 months (range, 6.8-96.2 months). Thirty-two @entity1 were treatment-na  ve, 20 were treated for newly diagnosed @entity177 , and 38 were treated for residual or recurrent @entity157 as salvage therapy. Thirty-two @entity1 did not receive TACE, 48 received insufficient TACE, and 10 attained full @entity4831 accumulation. The 3-year local control rate was 96.3%, the 3-year liver-related cause-specific survival rate was 72.5%, and the overall survival rate was 66.7%. Grade 3 laboratory abnormalities were observed in 6 @entity1 , and 8 @entity1 had @entity1 -Pugh scores that worsened by 2 points. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT achieved high local control and overall survival with feasible @entity137 for @entity1 with solitary @entity157 , despite rather stringent conditions. SBRT can be effective against solitary @entity157 in treatment-naive, @entity177 , @entity66 , and recurrent settings, taking advantage of its distinctive characteristics. @entity5 2016.    2016 American @entity5 Society.

title: Phase 2 study of stereotactic body radiotherapy and optional transarterial chemoembolization for solitary XXXX not amenable to resection and radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early stage hepatocellular carcinoma', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['SBRT and optional transarterial chemoembolization']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity5 lesions of the pancreas are relatively uncommon. Advances in imaging and pathohistology, including immunohistochemistry, have led to the detection and classification of novel @entity5 entities. A promoting aspect is the extended indication profile in pancreatic surgery, in particular, because of lower perioperative morbidity and mortality. One of these classified @entity5 of the pancreas is @entity652 ( @entity652 ), a rare and @entity5 . We report on a 41-year-old @entity1 with a @entity5409 within the pancreatic head. Therefore, he underwent pylorus-preserving cephal duodenopancreatectomy. Pathohistologic investigation revealed a @entity652 . He had a medical history significant for subtotal colectomy because of a @entity694 . Both @entity5 tissue specimens had been characterized for a high level of @entity124 ( @entity124 ) and loss of @entity6756 , as well as for a corresponding germ line mutation in @entity6756 gene, leading to the diagnosis of @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ). The case is remarkable since the @entity652 revealed @entity124 and loss of @entity6756 protein in the @entity5 cells that has never been reported for this @entity5 type. In addition, there is a rare and extraordinary association between @entity652 and @entity4309 , which has never been published before, since @entity652 , in this case, could have been developed in the setting of @entity4309 .

title: @entity652 ( @entity652 ) of the pancreas--first reported case of a genetically fixed association in a XXXX with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer ( @entity4309 ).

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC syndrome', 'hereditary non-polyposis associated colon cancer', 'HNPCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic neoplasms', 'benign tumor lesion', 'Cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['SOIA', 'serous oligocystic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous double colonic carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: The immune microenvironment is key to the pathophysiology of @entity978 ( @entity978 ). Twenty percent of @entity1 experience failure of their initial treatment, and others receive excessively toxic treatment. Prognostic scores and biomarkers have yet to influence outcomes significantly. Previous biomarker studies have been limited by the extent of tissue analyzed, statistical inconsistencies, and failure to validate findings. We aimed to overcome these limitations by validating recently identified microenvironment biomarkers ( @entity469 , @entity403 , and @entity2225 ) in a new @entity1 cohort with a greater extent of tissue and by using rigorous statistical methodology. @entity1 AND METHODS: Diagnostic tissue from 122 @entity1 with @entity978 was microarrayed and stained, and positive cells were counted across 10 to 20 high-powered fields per @entity1 by using an automated system. Two statistical analyses were performed: a categorical analysis with test/validation set-defined cut points and Kaplan-Meier estimated outcome measures of 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), disease-specific survival (DSS), and freedom from first-line treatment failure (FFTF) and an independent multivariate analysis of absolute uncategorized counts. RESULTS: Increased @entity2225 expression confers superior @entity1349 . Increased @entity403 expression confers superior @entity1349 , and increased @entity469 confers inferior FFTF and @entity1349 . @entity403 varies independently of @entity469 expression and retains significance when analyzed as a continuous variable in multivariate analysis. A simple score combining @entity403 and @entity469 discriminates three groups: FFTF 93%, 62%, and 47% (P < .001), DSS 93%, 82%, and 63% (P = .03), and @entity1349 93%, 82%, and 59% (P = .002). CONCLUSION: We have independently validated @entity469 , @entity403 , and @entity2225 as prognostic biomarkers in @entity978 , and we demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that combining @entity403 and @entity469 may further improve prognostic stratification.

title: Expression of @entity403 , XXXX , and @entity2225 at diagnosis in the microenvironment of @entity978 is predictive of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['classical Hodgkin lymphoma', 'CHL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity469 :: (968,Gene) :: ['CD68']


abstract: 1. We have determined the physical location of mitochondrial genetic markers in the 21S region of @entity375 mtDNA by genetic analysis of petite mutants whose mtDNA has been physically mapped on the wild-type mtDNA. 2. The order of loci, determined in this study, is in agreement with the order deduced from recombination analysis and coretention analysis except for the position of omega+: we conclude that omega+ is located between C321 ( @entity36819 ) and E514 ( @entity36820 ). 3. The marker E514 ( @entity36820 ) has been localized on a DNA segment of 3800 bp, and the markers E354, E553 and cs23 ( @entity36821 ) on a DNA segment of 1100 base pairs; both these segments overlap the 21S rRNA cistron. The marker C321 ( @entity36819 ) has been localized within a segment of 240 bp which also overlaps the 21S rRNA cistron, and we infer on the basis of indirect evidence that this marker lies within this cistron. 4. In all our rho+ as well as rho- strains there is a one-to-one correlation between the omega+ phenotype, the ability to transmit the omega+ allele and the presence of a mtDNA segment of about 1000 bp long, located between sequences specifying @entity36820 and sequences corresponding to the loci @entity36819 and @entity36821 . This segment may be inserted at this same position into omega- mtDNA by recombination. 5. The role which the different allelic forms of omega may play in the polarity of recombination is discussed.

title: Fine structure of the 21S ribosomal RNA region on XXXX mitochondrial DNA. III. Physical location of mitochondrial genetic markers and the molecular nature of omega.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Detection of immunoreactants including IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 by direct immunofluorescence ( @entity310 ) from skin is useful for distinguishing @entity75 from other @entity272 . Despite their diagnostic value, the type and number of cutaneous immunoreactants as they relate to @entity74 and disease severity has been poorly studied. We examined 36 @entity1 with @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ) with positive @entity310 ( @entity310 ) and 28 @entity1 with negative @entity310 ( @entity310 ) tests performed on lesional skin. Among @entity310 + @entity1 , the most frequent patterns of immunoreactants were IgM alone (36%) and the coexistence of IgM with C3 (28%). IgM was the highest detected individual immunoreactant (86%). As classified by number, 17 of 36 @entity310 + @entity1 had one immunoreactant (= 1), while the remaining @entity1 had two to four immunoreactants (>1). Compared with @entity310 - @entity1 , @entity310 + @entity1 were more likely to have severe disease as indicated by lower serum C3 levels and a higher @entity12319 activity index (SLEDAI). The coexistence of IgM with any other immunoreactants indicated a more severe disease than that present in the @entity310 - group, whereas the IgM-alone group was comparable with the @entity310 - group in both serum C3 levels and SLEDAI. These findings were also applicable in the comparison of @entity1 with more than one (>1) immunoreactant and @entity1 with no ( @entity310 ) and one ( = 1) immunoreactant. Collectively, the presence of multiple immunoreactants in lesional skin implies a more severe disease activity of @entity12319 , while a single immunoreactant may be equal to the absence of immunoreactants ( @entity310 -) in terms of predicting disease activity.

title: Correlation of cutaneous immunoreactants in lesional skin with the XXXX and disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lupus lesions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['serological disorders']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosis', 'SLE disease']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['serological disorders']


abstract: 20 @entity1 with malignant @entity1313 in childhood were treated according to a regimen which included initial surgery, preradiation chemotherapy and subsequent irradiation. The chemotherapy consisted of alternating cycles of high-dose @entity1499 (12 g/m2) and "8 drugs in 1 day" (Bleyer, 1983). Each cycle was to be given up to six times, as tolerated. The diagnoses were @entity2946 in 10 cases, @entity816 in 5 cases, @entity424 and @entity6196 in 2 @entity1 each, and @entity361 in 1 case. 15 @entity1 were previously untreated, 5 @entity1 experienced relapse after a different first line therapy and a longer time interval. 8 @entity1 are in continuous complete remission for 13 to 54 months. The @entity137 upon the bone marrow, the kidney and the inner ear was tolerable. Long lasting emesis contributed a marked problem to the @entity1 but did not cause abbreviation of the therapy. The @entity2359 was notably mild. Three episodes of generalized @entity410 were seen without subsequent sequelae, four cases of @entity1897 were attributable to vincristine. A @entity62 was neither detected on clinical grounds nor on neuroradiological imaging. Therapy related deaths were not seen. We conclude that the combination of HD- @entity1500 and "8 in 1" markedly contributes to the intensification of the chemotherapy for malignant @entity1313 in childhood. In the setting as preradiation chemotherapy the @entity137 is tolerable.

title: [High dosage XXXX in combination with "8 in 1" in therapy of pediatric grade III/IV @entity1313 ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesenchymoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: @entity11165 ( @entity11165 ) characterized by new neuromuscular problems can appear many years after @entity3328 in @entity3328 survivors. We report a 77-year-old @entity1 with antecedent @entity3328 who newly developed @entity4094 with a clinical course of 27 years, the final 10 years of which were characterized by apparent progression, thus raising doubt as to the clinical diagnosis of @entity746 ( @entity746 ) following @entity11165 . Pathologically, plaque-like, old @entity3328 lesions were found almost exclusively in the lumbosacral cord, showing complete @entity528 and glial scars in the anterior horns. Although less severe, @entity528 and @entity5219 were also evident outside the old lesions, including the intermediate zone. Moreover, symmetrical degeneration of the corticospinal tracts, as evidenced by @entity469 immunostaining, was a feature of the white matter of the lower spinal cord. In the motor cortex, loss of Betz cells was also confirmed. @entity5473 immunostaining of the lumbosacral cord also revealed decreased expression outside the old lesions, excluding the posterior horn. Interestingly, decreased expression of @entity5473 was also evident in the cervical anterior horns, where no old lesions were observed. No Bunina bodies, @entity529 inclusions, or @entity1949 were found. @entity194 was evident in the iliopsoas and scalenus muscles, and inclusion body @entity5442 -like changes were also observed in these muscles and the tongue. Was it possible to have diagnosed this @entity1 as having @entity746 ? We consider that the features in this case may have represented the pathology of long-standing and/or fatal @entity11165 itself, and not @entity746 .

title: A fatal @entity4094 in an adult XXXX after @entity3328 in early childhood: consideration of the pathology of @entity11165 .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Golgi fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['acute poliomyelitis', 'poliomyelitis', 'polio']

entities_list: @entity5473 :: ('6855', 'Gene') :: ['Synaptophysin', 'synaptophysin']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Neurogenic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity11165 :: ('MESH:D016262', 'Disease') :: ['Post-polio syndrome', 'PPS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Nonsymbiotic hemoglobins (nsHbs) are involved in a variety of cellular processes in plants. Previous studies indicate that nsHb expression improves plant tolerance during waterlogging and @entity519 . In the present work, the nsHb class-1 coding sequence was cloned from Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang and subsequently named MhGLB1. The results elucidated the expressed characteristics and physiological effects of MhGLB1. The full-length cDNA contained a 477 bp open reading frame encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 17.8 KDa with 158 @entity1522 . Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that MhGLB1 expresses in roots, stems and leaves growing under normal and @entity1507 -induced conditions. @entity519 stress induced accumulation of MhGLB1 within 12 h, and @entity2271 significantly induced expression of MhGLB1 in roots. The photosynthetic, transpiration and stomatal conductance rates of transgenic MhGLB1 @entity523 plants decreased more slowly than that of wild-type plants under waterlogging treatment. These results indicated that the MhGLB1 gene has an important role in @entity519 .

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a nonsymbiotic hemoglobin gene (GLB1) from Malus hupehensis Rehd. with heterologous expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous Phase II trials evaluating @entity1311 as a single agent have produced objective response rates of 38-40%. However, in these studies @entity1 had recurrent disease and had received previous treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or some combination of the same. To the authors' knowledge, the study reported here is the first to examine the role of @entity1311 in affecting objective antitumor response, as a single agent, in a previously untreated @entity1 population. METHODS: @entity1 with untreated, resectable, advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 were eligible for this Phase II trial. The treatment plan included @entity1311 250 mg/m(2) administered by 24-hour intravenous infusion every 21 days for a total of 3 courses and primary prophylaxis with colony stimulating factor during each course of chemotherapy. Surgical resection was performed after recovery from the final course of chemotherapy. After adequate wound healing, @entity1 received external beam radiotherapy (median dose to primary site, 55.8 Gray [Gy]; median dose to neck sites, 50.4 Gy). RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 were registered. Thirty-eight @entity1 completed the planned chemotherapy, 41 @entity1 underwent surgical resection, and 37 @entity1 completed the intended radiotherapy. The objective response rate was 50% (10% complete response; 40% partial response). Severe or life-threatening (Grade 3 or higher) @entity3028 or @entity882 occurred in 78% and 27% of @entity1 , respectively. Two @entity1 died of @entity295 . Seventy-one percent, 67%, and 91% of @entity1 were free of local, lymph node, and distant recurrence, respectively, with a median follow-up of 37 months. The 4-year overall survival and disease-related survival rates were 44.4% and 52.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that @entity1311 is an active agent in @entity1 with advanced @entity135 . However, the overall disease control, achieved by using @entity1311 as induction therapy, did not appear to be better than that achieved with standard treatment methods. Combined modality regimens with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy have demonstrated more promise.

title: Induction @entity1311 in previously untreated, resectable, advanced @entity957 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a sample of Iranian @entity1 , and to evaluate the validity of predictive equations for estimating RMR in normal and @entity28 subjects. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 187 healthy @entity1 aged 18-45 years. Anthropometric data were collected and subjects' RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry for 15 minutes following an overnight fast. RMR was also predicted using various types of formulas based on subjects' height, age, weight or fat-free mass. Body composition was estimated by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). RESULTS: Measured RMR (mean    SD) was found to be 1473    296 kcal/day. The abbreviation formula overestimated RMR, while other formulas underestimated it. Harris-Benedict formula was valid among all BMI categories (normal weight, overweight, @entity28 ). Two Schofield formulas were valid in normal weight, overweight and morbidly @entity28 subjects; and Cunningham formula was valid only among overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . Overweight and @entity28 Iranian @entity1 had higher RMR in comparison with normal weight subjects (p<0.01); although after age and weight adjustment, the differences were not significant in any of the BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS: The Harris-Benedict for mula provides a valid estimation of RMR at the group level in a range of normal-weight to morbidly @entity28 Iranians. However, at the individual level, errors might be so high that using a measured value has to be preferred over an estimated value.

title: Validity of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure among Iranian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese and morbidly obese', 'obese']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Most previous neuroimaging studies of age-related brain structural changes in older individuals have been cross-sectional and/or restricted to clinical samples. The present study of 345 community-dwelling non-demented individuals aged 70-90years aimed to examine age-related brain volumetric changes over two years. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained at baseline and at 2-year follow-up and analyzed using the FMRIB Software Library and FreeSurfer to investigate cortical thickness and shape and volumetric changes of subcortical structures. The results showed significant @entity194 across much of the cerebral cortex with bilateral transverse temporal regions shrinking the fastest. @entity194 was also found in a number of subcortical structures, including the @entity1399 and subiculum subfields of the hippocampus. In some regions, such as left and right entorhinal cortices, right hippocampus and right precentral area, the rate of @entity194 increased with age. Our analysis also showed that rostral middle frontal regions were thicker bilaterally in older @entity1 , which may indicate its ability to compensate for medial temporal lobe @entity194 . Compared to @entity1 , @entity1 had thicker cortical regions but greater rates of @entity194 . @entity1 also had smaller subcortical structures. A longer period of education was associated with greater thickness in a number of cortical regions. Our results suggest a pattern of @entity1010 with non-demented @entity1 that resembles a less extreme form of the changes associated with @entity195 ( @entity195 ).

title: A longitudinal study of XXXX over two years in community-dwelling older individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy', 'atrophy', 'Atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1010 :: (MESH:C566985,Disease) :: ['brain atrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent studies have shown that @entity3513 ( @entity3513 ) stem/progenitor cells within blood vessel walls may contribute to @entity8233 formation, but the mechanism behind their recruitment has not been explored. In this work @entity3513 progenitor cells were cultivated from @entity19 vein graft tissue and found to exhibit increased migration when co-cultured with SMCs or when treated with SMC-derived conditioned medium. This migration was associated with elevated levels of chemokines, @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity15891 ( @entity15891 ), and their corresponding receptors on @entity3513 progenitors, @entity13766 ( @entity13766 ) and @entity18510 ( @entity18510 ), which were also up-regulated following SMC conditioned medium treatment. Knockdown of either receptor in @entity3513 progenitors significantly inhibited cell migration. The GTPases @entity11120 and @entity5844 were activated by both @entity1750 and @entity15891 stimulation and @entity1995 phosphorylation was increased. However, only @entity5844 inhibition significantly reduced migration and @entity1995 phosphorylation. After @entity3513 (+) progenitors labeled with GFP were applied to the adventitial side of wire-injured @entity19 femoral arteries, a large proportion of GFP- @entity3513 -cells were observed in neointimal lesions, and a marked increase in neointimal lesion formation was seen 1 week post-operation. Interestingly, @entity3513 (+) progenitor migration from the adventitia to the @entity8233 was abrogated and @entity8233 formation diminished in a @entity130 model using @entity1750 (-/-) @entity19 . These findings suggest vascular stem/progenitor cell migration from the adventitia to the @entity8233 can be induced by SMC release of chemokines which act via @entity13766 / @entity5844 / @entity1995 and @entity18510 / @entity5844 / @entity1995 signaling pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Migration Induced by SMC-derived XXXX and @entity15891 Contributes to Neointima Formation.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wire injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity1750 :: (20296(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CCL2']


abstract: The expressions of epidermal growth factors (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptors ( @entity470 ), and the @entity1722 oncoprotein were immunohistochemically examined in 25 cases of @entity1 @entity3123 and @entity788 and in 10 non-cancerous/non-inflammatory pancreatic tissues. The positive rates of EGF, @entity470 , and the @entity1722 oncoprotein in @entity5 tissues were 72%, 36%, and 28%, respectively. EGF was stained mainly in the cytoplasm and partly on the surfaces of the @entity5 cells. @entity470 and the @entity1722 oncoprotein were stained mainly on the surfaces of the @entity5 cells and partly in the cytoplasm. The expressions of these 3 products correlated significantly with @entity5 invasion into the anterior and posterior areas surrounding the pancreas. In the EGF, @entity470 , and @entity1722 positive @entity5 tissues, some stromal cells, that is fibroblasts and endothelial cells, were also positive. In the adjacent pancreatic tissues with @entity32 , these products were noted in some ductal cells, acinar cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. No distinct staining was detected in non-cancerous/non-inflammatory tissues. The survival period for @entity1 who tested positive for these three proteins was statistically shorter than for those who tested negative. These results suggest that the coexpression of EGF and @entity470 and the expression of the @entity1722 oncoprotein are related to the existence of the invasion of @entity1 @entity788 . Furthermore, an immunohistochemical examination of these three products is useful in forming a prognosis for @entity788 @entity1 .

title: The immunohistochemical expressions of epidermal growth factors, epidermal growth factor receptors and @entity1722 oncoprotein in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'epineoplastic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe shortage of liver donors and hepatocytes highlights urgent requirement of extra-liver and stem cell source of hepatocytes for treating @entity409 . Here we hypothesized that spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can directly transdifferentiate to hepatic stem-like cells capable of differentiating into mature hepatocyte-like cells in vitro without an intervening pluripotent state. RESULTS: SSCs first changed into hepatic stem-like cells since they resembled hepatic oval cells in morphology and expressed @entity10585 , @entity2873 , @entity5822 , @entity4166 , OV6, and albumin. Importantly, they co-expressed @entity10585 and @entity4166 but not ES cell markers. Hepatic stem-like cells derived from SSCs could differentiate into small hepatocytes based upon their morphological features and expression of numerous hepatic cell markers but lacking of bile epithelial cell hallmarks. Small hepatocytes were further coaxed to differentiate into mature hepatocyte-like cells, as identified by their morphological traits and strong expression of @entity10585 , @entity2873 , @entity30050 , @entity10354 , @entity2313 , Tat, @entity20117 , albumin, and @entity4914 but not @entity5822 or @entity4166 . Notably, these differentiated cells acquired functional attributes of hepatocyte-like cells because they secreted albumin, synthesized @entity1133 , and uptake and released @entity3194 . Moreover, phosphorylation of @entity1366 and @entity14877 rather than @entity584 was activated in hepatic stem cells and mature hepatocytes. Additionally, @entity7596 , cyclin B and cyclin E transcripts and proteins but not @entity4910 or @entity10610 and @entity15308 transcripts or proteins were reduced in mature hepatocyte-like cells or hepatic stem-like cells derived from SSCs compared to SSCs. CONCLUSIONS: SSCs can transdifferentiate to hepatic stem-like cells capable of differentiating into cells with morphological, phenotypic and functional characteristics of mature hepatocytes via the activation of @entity1366 and @entity14877 signaling pathways and the inactivation of @entity7596 , cyclin B and cyclin E. This study thus provides an invaluable source of mature hepatocytes for treating @entity409 and @entity137 screening and offers novel insights into mechanisms of liver development and cell reprogramming.

title: Direct transdifferentiation of spermatogonial stem cells to morphological, phenotypic and functional hepatocyte-like cells via the @entity1366 and XXXX signaling pathways and the inactivation of @entity7596 , cyclin B and cyclin E.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

answer: @entity14877 :: (4087;4088,Gene) :: ['Smad2/3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To describe the results of electrochemotherapy (ECT) in @entity235 with mast cell @entity5 (MCTs) either as first line therapy or as an adjuvant to surgery. The treatment combines administration of low dose chemotherapeutic drugs with the application of microsecond electric pulses, which cause the temporary permeabilization and increased porosity of the @entity5 cell membranes. The design of this study is a retrospective case series. A total of 51 @entity235 with MCTs were included and classified according to ECT procedure into 4 groups (ECT only, 15 cases, intra-surgery ECT, 11, ECT Adjuvant to surgery, 14, Surgery followed by ECT, 11). The four groups (staged with location, size and grade) were evaluated to assess complete or partial remission, disease free interval, overall survival time and local @entity137 . In this case series, Boxers, mixed breed and Labrador Retrievers, male @entity235 , between 4 and 9 years old were more represented. MCTs were predominantly grade 2 (Patnaik) and T stage 0-1, I-1 (World Health Organization). @entity75 were most commonly identified on the hindlimb and head where curative surgery would involve @entity177 . The intra-surgery group of @entity235 showed the @entity3987 free interval with Kaplan-Meyer analysis. Local @entity137 induced by ECT ranged mostly from 1 to 4 in a 5-point arbitrary scale with 0  -  no @entity137 to 5  -  highest @entity137 . In this study, ECT can be applied successfully as an exclusive therapy in smaller MCTs as an alternative to surgery. ECT can be combined with surgery either intra-operatively or post operatively for larger lesions without significant @entity137 .

title: The treatment of @entity235 mast cell XXXX with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Treated lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cosmetic or functional compromise']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['best disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity28 remains controversial. PURPOSE: This study aims to assess whether adolescents' @entity458 was associated with body mass index (BMI) class membership determined by latent class analysis. METHODS: Distress ( @entity148 , @entity308 ) and BMI were measured annually for 4 years in 1,528 adolescents. Growth mixture modeling derived latent BMI trajectory classes for models with 2-11 classes. The relationship of distress to class membership was examined in the best-fitting model using vector generalized linear regression. RESULTS: BMI trajectories were basically flat. The five-class model [normal weight (48.8%), overweight (36.7%), @entity28 who become overweight (3.7%), @entity28 (9.4%), and severely @entity28 (1.3%)] was the preferred model (Bayesian information criterion = 22789.2, df = 31;    = 0.84). Greater distress was associated with higher baseline BMI and, therefore, class membership. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress is associated with higher BMI class during adolescence. To determine whether distress "leads" to greater weight gain may require studies of younger populations.

title: A prospective study of XXXX and weight status in adolescents/young adults.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity-psychological distress relationship', 'obese']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: In the very few previous investigations of the CSF-proteins in @entity3986 the results have generally been reported as normal. In @entity2057 a @entity16 pattern of CSF-proteins has been found in @entity746 ( @entity746 ). In the present investigation the CSF-proteins were examined by isoelectric focusing and quantitative paper electrophoresis in 13 @entity1 with @entity3986 and in 11 @entity1 with @entity2057 . On isoelectric focusing, @entity854 were found in 85% of the cases with @entity3986 and in all @entity1 with @entity2057 . Differences in the CSF-protein patterns were observed within the group of @entity3986 and between these and the cases of @entity2057 . In @entity746 and in @entity3918 , abnormal CSF-protein fractions occurred mainly in the alkaline pH-range, while in @entity17325 and the @entity1 with @entity20588 , aberrant fractions appeared mainly in the acidic region. @entity854 were found in both the alkaline fractions (HAFs) with pI 9.2-9.6 and a fraction with PI 7.1 were found in half of the @entity1 with @entity3918 . The CSF electrophoresis in @entity3918 showed increased levels of beta1-globulin in all cases examined. Signs of @entity16 were commonly encountered in @entity746 in contrast to the @entity3986 , except for @entity3918 . The results are discussed in terms of possible diagnostic value and with regard to pathogenetic significance, particularly in relation to the current hypothesis of a neural involvement in @entity121 .

title: Isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in @entity3986 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity20588 :: ('MESH:D020391', 'Disease') :: ['facioscapulohumeral dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['barrier-damage']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CSF-protein abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity17325 :: ('MESH:D049288', 'Disease') :: ['limb-girdle dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophies']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscular disorders']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['spinal muscular atrophies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Information on the features of long-term modifications of clinic and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) by treatment is limited. The present study aimed to address this issue. METHODS: Ambulatory BP monitoring and clinic BP (CBP) measurements were performed at baseline and at yearly intervals over a 4-year follow-up period in 1523 @entity101 (56.1 +/- 7.6 years) randomized to treatment with @entity25007 or @entity2165 in the European Lacidipine Study on @entity731 (ELSA). RESULTS: CBP was always greater than ABP, while reductions in all BP values (greater for CBP than for ABP) were on average maintained throughout 4 years, CBP changes showing limited relationship with ABP changes (r = 0.14-0.27). BP reductions by treatment during daytime and night-time were correlated (r = 0.63-0.73). BP normalization was achieved in a greater percentage of @entity1 for CBP (41.7%) than for ABP (25.3%), with systolic BP control being always less common than diastolic BP control. BP normalization was more frequent at single yearly visits than throughout the 4 years. Twenty-four-hour BP variability was reduced by treatment over 4 years in absolute but not in normalized units. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides the best evidence available on long-term effect of antihypertensive treatment on both ABP and CBP. On average, ABP was sustainedly reduced by treatment throughout the follow-up period, but 24-h BP was more difficult to control than CBP. In several @entity1 , ABP control was unstable between visits, the percentage of @entity1 under control over 4 years being much less than that of those controlled at each year. Treatment induced a reduction in absolute but not in normalized BP variability estimates. This has clinical implications because of the prognostic importance of ABP mean values and variability.

title: Assessment of long-term antihypertensive treatment by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure: data from the European Lacidipine Study on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity25007 :: ('MESH:C060285', 'Chemical') :: ['lacidipine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of the prenatal ultrasound finding of subjectively small/absent stomach bubble in the prenatal diagnosis of @entity292 and @entity354 ( @entity215 / @entity571 ). METHODS: A retrospective study of prenatal ultrasound scans showing small/absent stomach bubble was carried out between 1st January 1994 and 31st December 2003. RESULTS: There were 62 cases with prenatally suspected (n = 40) and/or post-natally diagnosed (n = 22) @entity215 / @entity571 . Among the 40 cases of prenatally suspected @entity215 / @entity571 15 were thought to be isolated and 25 non-isolated. Of the 15 suspected isolated cases, 7 were normal and 8 had @entity215 / @entity571 (5 isolated + 3 @entity215 / @entity571 with another @entity154 ) at delivery. Among the 25 cases of prenatally suspected non- @entity215 / @entity571 , there was confirmation in only two cases, in the remaining 23 cases other anomalies were confirmed but @entity215 / @entity571 was not present.Twenty-two babies with @entity215 / @entity571 were identified in whom there had been no prenatal ultrasound suspicion on ultrasound scanning. Six had @entity215 / @entity571 and 16 had non- @entity215 / @entity571 . CONCLUSION: Of the 32 cases of confirmed @entity215 / @entity571 ,10 (31%) were suspected prenatally. If the @entity215 / @entity571 was an @entity154 (11 cases), the prenatal detection rate was 45%. Interpretation of ultrasound findings suspicious of @entity215 / @entity571 requires caution, particularly, when there are associated multiple anomalies on scan.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX and @entity354 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'isolated anomaly']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'isolated TOF']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['tracheo-oesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal atresia']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['tracheo-oesophageal fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lymphatic @entity3 is a poor prognostic factor in @entity43 , which correlates to the majority of @entity5 deaths. @entity26098 ( @entity26098 ) of @entity8310 virus (VSV) exhibits potent antitumor and antiangiogenic activities through inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. In this study, the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of @entity26098 were further investigated. Wild-type SKOV3 (WT-SK) cells were successfully transfected with empty vector pcDNA3.1 plasmid, or pcDNA3.1- @entity36105 recombinant plasmid to construct cell lines named EV-SK, and VEGFD-SK, respectively. Inhibition of VEGFD-SK cell migration and invasion was detected by Transwell and wound healing assay. Then, lymphogenous metastatic model of @entity43 was established by injecting VEGFD-SK cells subcutaneously into the left hindlimb claw pad of @entity19 . The inducted apoptotic effect of @entity26098 on VEGFD-SK cells were assessed by flow analysis and @entity2455 staining, respectively, in  vitro. The in  vivo antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of @entity26098 gene were evaluated with lymphogenous metastatic model of @entity43 . @entity5 volume and lymphatic @entity3 rates were measured. Lymphatic vessels were delineated using Evan's blue and @entity14530 staining. Expression of @entity36105 and @entity5780 were evaluated by immunostaining. Apoptosis of @entity5 cells was analyzed by @entity2455 staining. @entity19 bearing VEGFD-SK @entity5 cells displayed more rapid tumorigenesis, higher lymphogenous metastatic tendency and increased lymphatic vessel density compared with the @entity19 bearing WT-SK or EV-SK cells. However, @entity36105 -enhanced @entity3 was evidently reversed by @entity26098 . @entity26098 significantly reduced the invasion of VEGFD-SK cells, @entity5 volume, lymphatic @entity3 rates and lymphatic vessel density compared with control groups (P<0.05), accompanied with down-expression of @entity36105 and @entity5780 and increased apoptosis. Our data indicate that @entity26098 has strong antitumor and antimetastatic abilities, and it may be a promising therapeutic strategy against the lymphatic @entity3 of @entity1 @entity43 .

title: @entity36105 -enhanced lymph node XXXX of @entity43 is reversed by @entity8310 virus matrix protein.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity26098 :: ('MESH:C535501', 'Disease') :: ['MP', 'Matrix protein']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) is a common @entity2348 in @entity1 that can result in permanent @entity8 . This study prospectively assessed the diagnostic performance of @entity1904 (PCT) for predicting @entity2885 ( @entity2885 ) among @entity1 with febrile @entity293 presenting to the paediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: @entity1 aged  <=10 years with febrile @entity293 admitted to hospital from the paediatric @entity341 were prospectively studied. @entity1503 , @entity1851 (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count were measured in the @entity341 . Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, multilevel likelihood ratios, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess quantitative variables for diagnosing @entity2885 . RESULTS: The 136 enrolled @entity1 (56 @entity1 and 80 @entity1 ; age range 1 month to 10 years) were divided into @entity2885 (n=87) and lower @entity293 (n=49) groups according to @entity29582 scan results. The cut-off value for maximum diagnostic performance of PCT was 1.3 ng/ml (sensitivity 86.2%, specificity 89.8%). By multivariate regression analysis, only PCT and CRP were retained as significant predictors of @entity2885 . Comparing ROC curves, PCT had a significantly greater area under the curve than CRP, WBC count and fever for differentiating between @entity2885 and lower @entity293 . CONCLUSIONS: PCT has better sensitivity and specificity than CRP and WBC count for distinguishing between @entity2885 and lower @entity293 . PCT is a valuable marker for predicting @entity2885 in @entity1 with febrile @entity293 . It may be considered in the initial investigation and therapeutic strategies for @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 .

title: Diagnostic performance of @entity1904 for hospitalised XXXX with @entity2885 presenting to the paediatric @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity29582 :: ('MESH:D019783', 'Chemical') :: ['(99m)Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['APN', 'acute pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['UTI', 'Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the healing pattern of @entity10545 on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after successful and unsuccessful thermocoagulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 were examined by CT and 18 @entity1 by dynamic @entity2287 -enhanced MRI before and after thermocoagulation for @entity10545 . Thermocoagulation was successful in 73% (63/86) and unsuccessful in 27% (23/86) of @entity1 followed by CT. Thermocoagulation was successful in 72% (13/18) of @entity1 followed by MRI. After treatment, the healing of the nidus on CT was evaluated using different healing patterns (complete ossification, minimal nidus rest, decreased size, unchanged size or thermonecrosis). On MRI the presence of reactive changes (joint effusion, " @entity4 -like" changes of bone marrow and soft tissue @entity4 ) and the delay time (between arterial and nidus enhancement) were assessed and compared before and after thermocoagulation. RESULTS: Complete ossification or a minimal nidus rest was observed on CT in 58% (16/28) of treatment successes (with > 12 months follow-up), but not in treatment failures. " @entity4 -like" changes of bone marrow and/or soft tissue @entity4 were seen on MR in all @entity1 before thermocoagulation and in all treatment failures. However, residual " @entity4 -like" changes of bone marrow were also found in 69% (9/13) of treatment successes. An increased delay time was observed in 62% (8/13) of treatment successes and in 1/5 of treatment failures. CONCLUSION: Complete, or almost complete, ossification of the treated nidus on CT correlated with successful treatment. Absence of this ossification pattern, however, did not correlate with treatment failure. CT could not be used to identify the activity of the nidus following treatment. The value of MR parameters to assess residual activity of the nidus was limited in this study.

title: The healing pattern of XXXX on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after thermocoagulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Oedema', 'oedema']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma', 'osteoid osteomas']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['osteoid osteomas']


abstract: @entity1283 was induced in @entity35 by daily injections of @entity1955 (1.0 mg/kg). Regression from @entity1184 was studied 4 days after discontinuing @entity1955 . Isolated, Langendorff-perfused hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer, @entity413 , insulin, and @entity1522 . To measure protein synthesis, left ventricular tissue was assayed for incorporation of tritiated @entity815 into protein. Indices of rates of protein degradation were obtained by measuring the release of cold @entity815 after blocking protein synthesis with @entity1880 . After 3 days of @entity1955 (when cardiac growth was maximally increased), the rate of protein synthesis increased by 22% (P less than 0.001). After 1 week, synthesis was 8% greater than control (P less than 0.05), and by 2 weeks (when @entity1184 was stable and the rate of cardiac growth was similar to controls), synthesis had returned to control levels. In hearts regressing from @entity1184 , synthesis was reduced to 68% of control (P less than 0.001). The rate of protein degradation was decreased by 12% (P less than 0.05) after 3 days of @entity1955 , but was not different from control at 1 or 2 weeks. During regression, degradation was 12% below control (P less than 0.05). Changes in the release of several @entity1522 that are synthesized or metabolized in heart (e.g., @entity493 , @entity2228 , @entity563 ) were different from changes in @entity815 release. In conclusion @entity1955 -induced @entity1283 and regression are accompanied by changes in protein synthesis and degradation, and @entity535 metabolism. The predominant change in @entity1184 is increased protein synthesis with a minor contribution from reduced degradation. Regression of @entity1184 is accompanied by decreased synthesis, not increased degradation.

title: Synthesis and degradation of myocardial protein during the development and regression of @entity1955 -induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: Underserved populations have limited access to care. Improved access to effective @entity565 care potentially improves quality of life and reduces costs associated with @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits. The purpose of this study is to examine return on investment (ROI) for the Breathmobile Program in terms of improved @entity1 quality-adjusted life years saved and reduced costs attributed to preventable @entity341 visits for 2010, with extrapolation to previous years of operation. It also examines cost-benefit related to reduced morbidity ( @entity341 visits, hospitalizations, and school absenteeism) for new @entity1 to the Breathmobile Program during 2008-2009 who engaged in care (>= 3 visits). This is a retrospective analysis of data for 15,986 pediatric @entity1 , covering 88,865 visits, participating in 4 Southern California Breathmobile Programs (November 16, 1995-December 31, 2010). The ROI calculation expressed the cost-benefit ratio as the net benefits ( @entity341 costs avoided+relative value of quality-adjusted life years saved) over the per annum program costs (    500,000 per mobile). The ROI across the 4 California programs in 2010 was  6.73 per dollar invested. Annual estimated emergency costs avoided in the 4 regions were  2,541,639. The relative value of quality-adjusted life years saved was  24,381,000. For @entity1 new to the Breathmobile Program during 2008-2009 who engaged in care (>= 3 visits), total annual morbidity costs avoided per @entity1 were  1395. This study suggests that mobile health care is a cost-effective strategy to deliver medical care to underserved populations, consistent with the Triple Aims of Therapy.

title: Mobile health care operations and return on investment in predominantly underserved @entity1 with XXXX : the breathmobile program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relationship between the stated consumption of @entity286 by pregnant @entity1 who say they smoked before pregnancy and the levels of @entity4874 in their urine at the start and end of pregnancy. DESIGN: Observational, longitudinal study. @entity1 : During 1997. STUDY GROUP: 147 pregnant @entity1 at their first pre-natal visit to outclinics of the Hospital del Mar. CONTROL GROUP: 50 non-smoker pregnant @entity1 monitored during their pregnancy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The numbers of cigarettes per day that they said they smoked on their first monitoring visit to our centre and at the last attendance before giving birth were recorded. @entity4874 levels in the urine samples taken on these visits were measured. Mean @entity4874 in pregnant @entity1 who said they had given up smoking was higher than in non-smokers. There was a statistically significant linear relationship between the number of cigarettes stated and @entity4874 levels at the first and last pregnancy monitoring visits, as well as between the variation in the number of cigarettes and @entity4874 levels at these two visits. The negative predictive value of what they said about their @entity286 habit was 82.9%. CONCLUSIONS: There was a certain under-declaration by pregnant smokers, although their statements of consumption and @entity4874 levels correlated closely. The under-declaration did not increase despite reiterated advice to stop smoking, which means that, despite its limitations, it could be a useful indicator for evaluating the effect of interventions aimed at stopping @entity1 smoking during pregnancy.

title: [Validity of the declared XXXX consumption in pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine', 'Cotinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15833 ( @entity12046 ) is part of the WHO recommended first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, there are limited data comparing @entity12046 to other @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors in resource-limited-settings. Using a routine workplace and community-based ART cohort in South Africa, we assessed single drug substitution, @entity645 RNA suppression, @entity404 count increase, loss-from-care, and mortality between @entity12046 , @entity14027 ( @entity14027 ) 30 mg dose, and @entity9611 ( @entity5647 ). METHODS: In a prospective cohort study we included ART na  ve @entity1 aged >= 17 years-old who initiated ART containing @entity12046 , @entity14027 , or @entity5647 between 2007 and 2009. For analysis of single drug substitutions we used a competing-risks time-to-event analysis; for loss-from-care, mixed-effect Poisson modeling; for @entity645 RNA suppression, competing-risks logistic regression; for @entity404 count slope, mixed-effects linear regression; and for mortality, proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: Of 6,196 @entity1 , the initial drug was @entity12046 for 665 (11%), @entity14027 for 4,179 (68%), and @entity5647 for 1,352 (22%). During the first 6 months of ART, the adjusted hazard ratio for a single drug substitution was 2.3 for @entity14027 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27, 19) and 5.2 for @entity5647 (95% CI: 1.1, 23), compared to @entity12046 ; whereas, after 6 months, it was 10 (95% CI: 5.8, 18) and 4.4 (95% CI: 2.5, 7.8) for @entity14027 and @entity5647 , respectively. Virologic suppression was similar by agent; however, @entity404 count rise was lowest for @entity5647 . The adjusted hazard ratio for loss-from-care, when compared to @entity12046 , was 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.9) for @entity14027 and 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) for @entity5647 . The adjusted hazard ratio for mortality, when compared to @entity12046 , was 2.7 (95% CI: 2.0, 3.5) and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3, 1.5) and for @entity14027 and @entity5647 , respectively. DISCUSSION: In routine care, @entity12046 appeared to perform better than either @entity14027 or @entity5647 , most notably with less drug substitution and mortality than for either other agent.

title: Comparison of @entity15833 , XXXX , or @entity14027 as part of first-line antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited-setting: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['Tenofovir']

answer: @entity9611 :: (MESH:D015215,Chemical) :: ['zidovudine']


abstract: RATIONALE: Pharmacological and genetic evidence support antidepressant-like effects elicited by the blockade of the @entity21457 receptor. The learned helplessness (LH) model employs uncontrollable and unpredictable electric footshocks as a stressor stimulus to induce a @entity308 -like phenotype that can be reversed by classical antidepressants. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the action of @entity21457 receptor antagonists in helpless @entity19 . METHODS: Male Swiss @entity19 were subjected to the three steps of the LH paradigm (i.e., (1) induction, (2) screening, and (3) test). Only helpless animals were subjected to the test session. During the test session, animals were placed in the electrified chamber and the latency to escape after the footshock and the frequency of escape failures were recorded. The effect of the following treatments administered before the test session were evaluated: @entity5080 (30  mg/kg, ip, 60  min), @entity905 (30  mg/kg, ip, four consecutive days of treatment), and @entity21457 antagonists @entity40455 (1-10  mg/kg, ip, 30  min) and @entity40456 (1-10  nmol, icv, 5  min). To rule out possible biases, the effects of treatments on controllable stressful and non stressful situations were assessed. RESULTS: In helpless @entity19 , @entity5080 , @entity905 , @entity40456 (3-10  nmol), and @entity40455 (3-10  mg/kg) significantly reduced escape latencies and escape failures. No effects of drug treatments were observed in @entity19 subjected to the controllable electric footshocks and non stressful situations. CONCLUSIONS: Acute treatment with @entity21457 antagonists reversed helplessness similarly to the classical antidepressants. These findings support the proposal that @entity21457 receptor antagonists are worthy of development as innovative antidepressant drugs.

title: Antidepressant activity of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor antagonists in the XXXX learned helplessness.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The influence of @entity4854 on peripheral nerve function was studied in 9 @entity1 with long-term @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 . Blood @entity413 concentration was raised 13.5 +/- 0.5 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) within 15 min and kept approximately 15 mmol/l over basal level for 120 min by intravenous @entity413 infusion. @entity4854 was accompanied by increased plasma osmolality. Sensory and motor nerve conduction and distal motor latency in the ulnar nerve were determined before, immediately after induction of @entity4854 , and again after 120 min @entity4854 . Distal (5th finger - wrist) and proximal (wrist - elbow) sensory nerve conduction showed an insignificant increase as @entity4854 was induced. During @entity4854 mean distal sensory conduction decreased from 53.1 m/s to 50.4 m/s (P less than 0.05) and mean proximal sensory conduction decreased from 56.0 m/s to 54.2 m/s (P less than 0.01). A mean of distal and proximal sensory conduction increased (53.5 m/s vs 54.6 m/s) (P less than 0.05) as @entity4854 was induced and decreased (54.6 m/s vs 52.3 m/s) (P less than 0.01) during clamping. Motor nerve conduction decreased insignificantly throughout the study. Mean distal motor latency decreased from 3.1 ms to 2.8 ms (P less than 0.005) immediately after induction of @entity4854 . During @entity4854 it increased from 2.8 ms to 3.1 ms (P less than 0.001). We conclude that acute induction of @entity4854 in long-term diabetics seems to increase sensory conduction and decrease distal motor latency, while 120 min @entity4854 seems to decrease sensory conduction and increase distal motor latency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Peripheral nerve function during hyperglycemic clamping in @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of @entity432 with prescribed full-time patching and determine its effect on long-term visual acuity outcomes. METHODS: The records of @entity1 younger than 10 years diagnosed as having @entity4457 between 1970 and 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were prescribed full-time occlusion and observed until completion of therapy. RESULTS: Of 597 @entity1 treated for @entity4457 by full-time patching, 115 were diagnosed as having @entity432 (19.3%). Seventy-five percent (86 of 115) developed @entity432 during the first episode of full-time patching. Occlusion @entity4457 occurred more frequently in @entity1 prescribed full-time patching at an earlier age (P = .0002), with an odds ratio of 8.56 (95% confidence interval: 2.73, 26.84) in @entity1 younger than 36 months and 2.66 (95% confidence interval: 0.96, 7.37) in @entity1 between 36 and 59 months old. Seven of the @entity1 with @entity432 did not reverse fixation and continued to fixate with the initially amblyopic eye after treatment. Final visual acuity in these eyes with @entity432 was 20/30 or better. After cessation of treatment, the final interocular difference in visual acuity was less in @entity1 with a history of @entity432 (P = .003). CONCLUSION: Occlusion @entity4457 occurred at all ages, but the incidence decreased with increasing age. @entity1 who developed @entity432 with prescribed full-time occlusion had less interocular visual acuity difference than @entity1 who did not, suggesting that development of @entity432 can indicate the potential for the development of better vision in the originally amblyopic eye.

title: Effect of XXXX after prescribed full-time occlusion on long-term visual acuity outcomes.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion amblyopia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusion amblyopia']


abstract: @entity6795 ( @entity6795 ) is a well-recognised cause of @entity302 , but its functional anatomy is not fully understood. We recorded cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in 13 adult @entity1 with @entity302 and various CDs excluding @entity600 as diagnosed by MRI. The @entity6795 involved the perirolandic/perisylvian region in 7 @entity1 . Six @entity1 had neurological signs but only 3 had @entity409 (astereognosis). As compared with 12 control subjects, SEPs were considered definitely abnormal in 7 @entity1 (including the 6 with neurological signs) and equivocally abnormal in 2. The abnormalities ranged from defects affecting single components to absence of all potentials of cortical origin in one @entity1 with @entity1269 and astereognosis. In this case it appears that gross sensory function must have been mediated by subcortical structures or through diffuse cortical projections. The initial cortical potentials (N20/ @entity9289 ) were absent in 6 @entity1 , 5 of whom had @entity6795 in zones involving or bordering on the primary sensory cortex. Parietal potentials following N20 were absent or attenuated in 4 @entity1 and of abnormally wide distribution, spreading to frontal, midline and ipsilateral electrodes, in 3 frontal components following @entity9289 were absent, attenuated, delayed or distorted by abnormal spread of the parietal activity in 5 @entity1 . Five @entity1 with unilateral @entity6795 showed definite or equivocal SEP abnormalities to stimulation of both arms, suggesting there may be more widespread disturbance of cortical organisation and/or synaptogenesis, beyond the resolution of present day neuroimaging.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials in adults with cortical dysgenesis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['sensory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse gyral malformations']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Cortical dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Higher @entity308 have been associated with lower future income. However, studies examining this issue have had limited follow-up times and have used self-reported measures of income. Also, possible confounders or mediators have not been accounted. METHODS: 971 @entity1 and 738 @entity1 were selected from the ongoing prospective Young Finns Study (YFS) that began in 1980. @entity308 were measured in 1992 when @entity1 were from 15 to 30 years old. Information on annual income and earnings from 1993 to 2010 were obtained from the Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data (FLEED) of Statistics Finland and linked to the YFS. RESULTS: Higher @entity308 were associated with lower future income and earnings. For @entity1 , the associations were robust for controlling childhood parental socioeconomic status, history of unemployment, and adulthood health behavior, but attenuated circa 35% when three major temperament traits were taken into account. For @entity1 , similar pattern was found, however, in the models adjusted for temperament traits the associations did not remain statistically significant. The association between @entity308 and earnings was three times stronger for @entity1 than @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Previous @entity308 episodes could have influenced on some @entity1 ' economic and educational choices. CONCLUSIONS: Higher @entity308 in adolescence and early adulthood lead to significant future losses of total income and earnings, and this association is particularly strong for @entity1 .

title: XXXX and long-term income: The Young Finns Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressive', 'Depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive symptoms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity439 wall has been reported to play a critical role in the formation, development, and even rupture of an @entity439 . We used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) to investigate the @entity439 wall in an effort to identify evidence of @entity32 invasion and define its relationship with @entity146 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity438 who were prospectively evaluated using HRMRI between July 2013 and June 2014 were enrolled in this study. The @entity439 's wall enhancement and evidence of @entity32 invasion were determined. In addition, the relationship between @entity439 wall enhancement and @entity439 size and symptoms, including @entity1756 , giant unruputred @entity438 (UIAs) presenting as mass effect, progressively growing @entity439 , and @entity439 associated with @entity16 , was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 with 30 @entity439 were available for the current study. Fourteen @entity439 showed wall enhancement, including 6 ruptured and 8 unruptured @entity439 . Evidence of @entity32 was identified directly through histological studies and indirectly through intraoperative investigations and clinical courses. The statistical analysis indicated no significant correlation between @entity439 wall enhancement and @entity439 size. However, there was a strong correlation between wall enhancement and @entity439 , with a kappa value of 0.86 (95  % CI 0.68-1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity439 wall enhancement on HRMRI might be a sign of inflammatory change. Symptomatic @entity439 exhibited wall enhancement on HRMRI. Wall enhancement had a high consistent correlation of symptomatic @entity439 . Therefore, wall enhancement on HRMRI might predict an unsteady state of an @entity438 .

title: Wall enhancement on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging may predict an unsteady state of an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm behavior']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm symptoms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'intracranial saccular aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial saccular aneurysm']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is an emerging therapy for @entity1 with severe @entity792 ( @entity792 ). We report data on 368 @entity1 with @entity792 who underwent @entity8 in 64 North and South American transplantation centers reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research between 1996 and 2009. Most of the HCTs involved autologous grafts (n = 339); allogeneic @entity8 (n = 29) was done mostly in @entity1 . The most common indications for @entity8 were @entity15 , @entity785 , and @entity1252 . The median age at transplantation was 38 years for autologous @entity8 and 25 years for allogeneic @entity8 . The corresponding times from diagnosis to @entity8 were 35 months and 24 months. Three-year overall survival after autologous @entity8 was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81%-91%). Median follow-up of survivors was 31 months (range, 1-144 months). The most common causes of @entity204 were @entity792 progression, @entity281 , and organ failure. On multivariate analysis, the risk of @entity204 was higher in @entity1 at centers that performed fewer than 5 autologous HCTs (relative risk, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-11.1; P = .03) and those that performed 5 to 15 autologous HCTs for @entity792 during the study period (relative risk, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.5-11.7; P = .006) compared with @entity1 at centers that performed more than 15 autologous HCTs for @entity792 during the study period. @entity792 is an emerging indication for @entity8 in the region. Collaboration of hematologists and other disease specialists with an outcomes database is important to promote optimal @entity1 selection, analysis of the impact of prognostic variables and long-term outcomes, and development of clinical trials.

title: Transplantation for XXXX in north and South America: a report of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'Hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases', 'AID']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']