abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the hip muscle strength and cross sectional area (CSA) in @entity1 with @entity570 ( @entity571 ) compared to age and sex matched healthy controls. METHODS: Based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria regarding classification of hip @entity571 , 27 @entity1 (aged 47-64 yrs) with unilateral or bilateral hip @entity571 and 30 age matched randomly selected healthy male controls were studied. The maximal isometric hip abductor, adductor, flexor, and extensor strength (Nm) at 0 degree of hip flexion in the supine position was determined with a dynamometer. The isokinetic hip flexion and extension strength (peak torque, Nm) was determined using angular velocities of 60 degrees /s and 120 degrees /s. The subjective severity of @entity158 was rated by visual analog scale prior to the muscle strength test. CSA of the pelvic and thigh muscles was measured from magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: The reliability of intraclass correlation coefficients for repeated measures of muscle strength varied from 0.70 to 0.94 in controls and from 0.84 to 0.98 in subjects with @entity571 . Hip isometric adductor and abductor strength was 25% and 31% lower (p < 0.001) in @entity571 subjects than in controls, respectively. The hip isometric and isokinetic flexion strength was 18-22% lower (p < 0.01) in @entity571 subjects than in controls, but extension strength did not differ between groups. In @entity571 subjects, the hip flexion and extension isometric and isokinetic strength values were 13-22% lower (p < 0.05) on the more deteriorated side compared to the better side. CSA of the pelvic and thigh muscles did not differ between the groups. However, in @entity571 subjects, the CSA of the pelvic and thigh muscles was 6-13% less (p < 0.05 to < 0.001) on the more severely affected hip compared to the better hip. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with hip @entity571 have significantly lower abduction, adduction, and flexion muscle strength than controls. The decrease of muscle size and @entity158 may contribute to the decrease of muscle strength in hip @entity571 . Other possible underlying causes of the @entity425 need to be studied.

title: Hip muscle strength and muscle cross sectional area in @entity1 with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Phase angle (PA) is the difference between voltage and current and can be used as an indicator of body cell mass. Clinical studies show that low phase angle is associated with morbidity and mortality of critical @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to know the relation between phase angle and the Pediatric Risk of Mortality I (PRISM I) score, associating this score with the severity of @entity295 . METHODS: A transversal study was performed at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Instituto Fernandes Figueira. The @entity1 were classified according to age, gender, @entity295 severity, cause of @entity1576 , PRISM I score, @entity881 ( @entity881 ). Electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was performed in all @entity1 . Phase angle was calculated directly from reactance (Xc) and resistance (R). AF = arc-tangent reactance/resistance x 180  /Pi. RESULTS: 75 @entity1 (68 septic) were evaluated. The incidence of @entity326 was 39.7%, severe @entity295 42.6% and @entity295 17.6%. There was no significative statistical difference between the mean values of BIA and the categories of PRISM I, @entity881 , or the length of stay the PICU. The PA's lowest values (1.5  -2.2  ) were associated to the greatest PRISM's scores (> 30%). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric critical @entity1 show low phase angle values, which might have prognostic implication.

title: [Association between phase angle, PRISM I and XXXX severity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndromes', 'MODS']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of surgical access to sigmoid resection on recurrence rates in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity4436 of the sigmoid (UDS) at a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Recurrence after surgery was defined as left lower quadrant @entity158 , @entity221 , and leucocytosis with consistent CT and enema findings on admission and at 6 weeks, respectively. Outcome measures included @entity6679 , specimen length, @entity32 at proximal resection margin, and presence of teniae coli at distal resection margin. Seventy-nine @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic sigmoid resection (LSR) were compared with 79 matched controls with open sigmoid resection (OSR) operated on at 2 institutions during the same period. @entity1 were well matched for age, gender, body mass index, ASA grading, and symptoms duration, but not for follow-up length (81.9 versus 86.9 months, P = 0.046). Differences in rates of @entity6679 (19 versus 41, P < 0.001), specimen length (16.1 versus 18.3 cm, P = 0.048), @entity32 at proximal resection margin (21 versus 4, P < 0.001), and teniae coli at distal resection margin (4 versus 53, P < 0.001) did not show an impact on recurrence rates when comparison was made between LSR and OSR. Three LSR @entity1 and 7 OSR @entity1 had 1 recurrence (P = 0.19). There were no significant differences in rates of flexure mobilization, specimen length, and rates of @entity32 present at proximal resection margin in 10 recurring and 145 non-recurring @entity1 . The rate of teniae coli present at distal resection margin was significantly increased in recurring @entity1 (7 versus 43, P = 0.03). Median time of recurrence after surgery was 29 (range 18-74) months. Two of 11 recurrences occurred after 5 years. Surgical access to sigmoid resection for UDS is unlikely to have an impact on recurrence rates provided that the oral bowel end is anastomosed to the proximal rectum rather than to the distal sigmoid.

title: Recurrence rates at minimum 5-year follow-up: laparoscopic versus open sigmoid resection for uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity6679 :: ('MESH:D014086', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure mobilization']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: Introduction:: @entity157 is one of the most frequent types of @entity5 in the world. There is growing evidence of the relationship between it development and @entity28 . The mechanism that links @entity28 to @entity5 is still not fully understood; however, it is essential to the understanding the adipose tissue in metabolic changes related to @entity157 . Objective:: To review the influence of serum @entity1243 levels in @entity1 with @entity189 . Method:: Systematic review of the literature based on the methodology of the Cochrane Institute. The search for articles was in the database: Science Direct, Scielo, Medline, Lilacs e Pubmed. The key words used were @entity157 , @entity1243 , adipokine. Results:: After evaluation of individual studies, were selected seven studies. The results previously studied are still inconsistent and contradictory, and @entity1243 can be effectively involved in the occurrence and development of @entity157 . Conclusion:: Therefore, it is necessary to develop prospective, well-designed and conducted focusing on the role and specific mechanisms of this hormone in @entity1 with @entity157 , so that new correlations can be properly supported. Introdu    o:: O @entity189 hepatocelular    um dos tipos mais frequentes de tumores malignos no mundo. H   crescentes evid  ncias da rela    o entre o seu desenvolvimento e a obesidade. O mecanismo que os relaciona ainda n  o    completamente entendido. Entretanto    essencial a compreens  o do tecido adiposo nas altera    es metab  licas relacionadas    obesidade e ao c  ncer. Objetivo:: Revisar a influ  ncia dos n  veis s  ricos de leptina em pacientes com @entity189 hepatocelular. M  todo:: Trata-se de revis  o bibliogr  fica baseada na metodologia do Instituto Cochrane; a busca de dados foi realizada na base de dados Science Direct, Scielo, Medline, Lilacs e Pubmed, empregando as seguintes descritores: @entity157 , @entity1243 , adipokine. Resultado:: Ap  s avalia    o individual dos artigos selecionaram-se sete estudos. Os resultados ainda s  o inconsistentes e contradit  rios, e a leptina pode estar efetivamente envolvida na ocorr  ncia e no desenvolvimento do @entity189 hepatocelular. Conclus  o:: Faz-se necess  rio o desenvolvimento de estudos prospectivos, bem desenhados e conduzidos sobre o papel e mecanismos espec  ficos deste horm  nio em pacientes com @entity189 hepatocelular para que novas correla    es sejam devidamente comprovadas.

title: SERUM XXXX LEVENS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: REVIEW ARTICLE.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocelular carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['LEPTIN']


abstract: A new @entity1 @entity2828 cell line (CADO-ES1) was established from the @entity3483 of a 19-year-old @entity1 . These cells grew both anchorage dependently and anchorage independently. When cultured in bacteriologic dishes, they grew as tightly packed multicellular @entity5 spheroids; they were also capable of proliferating in soft agar. Flow cytometric DNA analysis demonstrated a nearly diploid DNA content (DNA index = 0.902). Chromosomal studies of cultured cells showed an isodicentric chromosome 8 in all examined cells, but t(11;22)(q24;q12), a translocation reported previously in @entity2828 , was not detected. Under normal culture conditions, no morphologic evidence of neural differentiation was detected. In addition, immunocytochemical studies showed that @entity2277 was intensely positive, whereas neurofilament (NF) and @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) were weakly positive. Treatment with @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) induced pronounced morphologic evidence of neural differentiation and strong expression of NF in cultured cells. S-100 protein, @entity538 ( @entity538 ), @entity2283 , cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen were not detected immunohistochemically in either untreated or @entity268 -treated cells, however. These data suggest that this cell line is derived from a highly undifferentiated neural cell with high chromosomal clonality, differentiating into neural features under certain conditions.

title: Establishment and characterization of a new XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: AIM: Objective of the study was to determine the most common cutaneous lesions in @entity1 with haematologic @entity5 observed at dermatologic consultation and to identify the impact parameters related to the @entity558 , like disease type/duration, remission, chemotherapy and transplantation, have on skin manifestations. METHODS: A total of 101 consecutive @entity1 with onco-haematological @entity5 referred for dermatological consultation over a two-year period were included in this prospective single-centre observational cohort study. RESULTS: The most common finding was infection (19.8%), followed by @entity137 (16.8%) and malignant @entity5 (11.9%). Elderly @entity1 and those with a longer disease duration had a higher frequency of cutaneous @entity5 . @entity957 was the most frequent cutaneous @entity5 ; three cases of @entity320 were diagnosed and had a high Breslow thickness. Cutaneous involvement due to the haematological @entity5 was observed in 5 @entity1 . Common chronic dermatoses ( @entity1569 and @entity484 ) were found in 10% of @entity1 . Transplant had no effect on the percentage of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with haematological @entity5 have a higher incidence of @entity137 with peculiar morphologic features and a lower incidence of common chronic dermatoses than @entity1 referred for dermatological consultation by their general practitioner or other hospital services. @entity166 were less frequent than in solid organ transplanted @entity1 . The complex variety of cutaneous lesions, the differential diagnostic pitfalls and the prognostic relevance of early @entity1489 diagnosis, evidence the importance of a correct dermatological approach.

title: Clinicopathologic spectrum of cutaneous diseases in XXXX with hematologic malignancies with or without allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: an observational cohort study in 101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['haematologic condition']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug adverse reactions', 'adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infections or tumours', 'neoplasia', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious dermatoses']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical differentiation between @entity347 and @entity347 ( @entity347 ) is challenging. We aimed to determine the diagnostic value of @entity25 and performance tests in @entity1 with @entity25 ( @entity25 ) of organic and non-organic origin. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective comparison of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), pupillography, and the Steer Clear performance test in three @entity1 groups complaining of @entity25 : 19 @entity1 with @entity347 , 23 @entity1 with @entity2724 ( @entity2724 ), and 46 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity27 ( @entity27 ). RESULTS: As required by the inclusion criteria, all @entity1 had @entity25 ( @entity25 ) scores >10. The mean sleep latency in the MSLT indicated mild @entity25 in @entity347 (8.1    4.0 min) and @entity27 (7.2    4.1 min), but more severe @entity25 in @entity2724 (2.5    2.0 min). The difference between @entity2724 and the other two groups was significant; the difference between @entity347 and @entity27 was not. In the Steer Clear performance test, @entity347 @entity1 performed worst (error rate = 10.4%) followed by @entity2724 (8.0%) and @entity27 @entity1 (5.9%; p = 0.008). The difference between @entity27 and the other two groups was significant, but not between @entity347 and @entity2724 . The pupillary unrest index was found to be highest in @entity2724 (11.5) followed by @entity347 (9.2) and @entity27 (7.4; n.s.). CONCLUSION: A high error rate in the Steer Clear performance test along with mild @entity25 in an @entity25 test (MSLT) in a @entity1 with @entity25 ( @entity25 ) is suggestive of @entity347 . This disproportionately high error rate in @entity347 may be caused by factors unrelated to sleep pressure, such as anergia, reduced attention and motivation affecting performance, but not conventional @entity25 measurements.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Sleepiness and performance is disproportionate in XXXX with @entity347 in comparison to @entity1 with @entity2724 and mild to moderate @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['NAR', 'narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'subjective sleepiness', 'Epworth Sleepiness Scale', 'ESS', 'excessive daytime sleepiness', 'EDS', 'objective sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['non-organic hypersomnia', 'organic hypersomnia', 'NOH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The transit peptides of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins are necessary and sufficient for targeting and import of proteins into chloroplasts. However, the sequence information encoded by transit peptides is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated sequence motifs in the transit peptide of the small subunit of the Rubisco complex by examining the ability of various mutant transit peptides to target green fluorescent protein reporter proteins to chloroplasts in @entity958 ( @entity958 ) leaf protoplasts. We divided the transit peptide into eight blocks (T1 through T8), each consisting of eight or 10 @entity1522 , and generated mutants that had @entity493 (Ala) substitutions or deletions, of one or two T blocks in the transit peptide. In addition, we generated mutants that had the original sequence partially restored in single- or double-T-block Ala (A) substitution mutants. Analysis of chloroplast import of these mutants revealed several interesting observations. Single-T-block mutations did not noticeably affect targeting efficiency, except in T1 and T4 mutations. However, double-T mutants, @entity13872 / @entity59014 , @entity12817 / @entity25458 , @entity12817 / @entity55641 , @entity59014 / @entity25458 , and @entity59014 / @entity55641 , caused a 50% to 100% loss in targeting ability. @entity12817 / @entity25458 and @entity59014 / @entity25458 mutants produced only precursor proteins, whereas @entity13872 / @entity59014 and @entity59014 / @entity55641 mutants produced only a 37-kD protein. Detailed analyses revealed that sequence motifs ML in T1, LKSSA in T3, FP and RK in T4, CMQVW in T6, and KKFET in T7 play important roles in chloroplast targeting. In T1, the hydrophobicity of ML is important for targeting. LKSSA in T3 is functionally equivalent to CMQVW in T6 and KKFET in T7. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation revealed that Ala substitution in T1, T3, and T6 produced soluble precursors, whereas Ala substitution in T4 and T7 produced intermediates that were tightly associated with membranes. These results demonstrate that the transit peptide contains multiple motifs and that some of them act in concert or synergistically.

title: Functional characterization of sequence motifs in the transit peptide of XXXX small subunit of rubisco.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The usual approach for using single base pair polymorphisms (SNPs) for the investigation of the genetics of @entity146 is to examine a single diagnostic syndrome or personality trait based on variables relating to a cluster of behavioral symptoms. However, since some of these variables may address behaviors that are associated with one allele while others are associated with the other allele, the overall association may be non-significant and significant sub-syndromal associations may be missed. Thus, we have reversed the process in a technique we term a "line item" approach. As a test of the technique we have examined the association between genotypes of a @entity6993 -1291 Msp I promotor SNP of the @entity23510 gene and 390 individual symptoms from a structured review of DSM-IV criteria for twelve different groups of symptoms. We examined 334 individuals consisting of controls and subjects with @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ). Based on the mean scores for each genotype, those symptoms that were individually significant at alpha < or = 0.05 fell into three major groups by mode of inheritance: allele 1 codominant (11 > 12 > 22), allele 2 codominant (22 > 12 > 11), and negative heterosis (12 < 11, 22). Within each mode of inheritance group, the number of symptoms that were significant for the twelve symptom clusters was compared by chi-square analysis. This showed that symptoms were drawn from the diagnostic groups in a significantly non-random fashion. Thus, the allele 1 codominant symptoms came from the @entity148 , affective, schizoid, and somatization diagnostic groups (internalizing symptoms) (chi(2) = 80.0, d.f. = 11, P < or = 0.0000001), while the allele 2 codominant symptoms came from the @entity71 and @entity952 diagnostic groups (externalizing symptoms) (chi(2) = 81.0, d.f. = 11, P < or = 0.0000001). The questions that fell in the negative heterosis type of inheritance were not significantly associated with specific diagnostic groups (P = 0.87). These results showed that the @entity23510 gene was associated with symptoms of autonomic, sympathetic dysfunction from different diagnostic groups. The advantages of the "line item" approach include (a) the identification of the symptoms associated with each allele, (b) the identification of symptom clusters independent of DSM diagnoses, (c) the elucidation of heterosis and other mode of inheritance effects, (d) the distinction between an association with a @entity74 versus a @entity74 , (e) the identification of associations with @entity751 that do meet full DSM-IV criteria, and (f) the identification of symptom clusters across databases.

title: A "line item" approach to the identification of genes involved in @entity146 : the XXXX ( @entity23510 ) gene.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['primary disorder', 'comorbid disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant/conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['sub-syndromal symptom clusters']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity23510 :: (150,Gene) :: ['adrenergic alpha2A']


abstract: Antipsychotics can induce @entity2332 , but intraoperative temperature regulation in @entity161 patients taking antipsychotics remains unclear. We investigated intraoperative temperature regulation and postoperative shivering in chronic @entity161 patients receiving antipsychotics. We studied 30 @entity161 @entity1 and 30 control @entity1 who underwent orthopedic surgery. Tympanic membrane temperatures (35.7 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, 35.6 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, 35.6 degrees C +/- 0.4 degrees C, 35.5 degrees C +/- 0.4 degrees C, 35.4 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, and 35.4 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C) 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min, respectively, after induction in @entity161 @entity1 were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than those (36.5 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, 36.4 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, 36.3 degrees C +/- 0.4 degrees C, 36.2 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, 36.2 degrees C +/- 0.4 degrees C, and 36.1 degrees C +/- 0.4 degrees C) in control @entity1 . Mean skin temperatures (31.1 degrees C +/- 0.4 degrees C [P = 0.008], 31.1 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C [P = 0.007], and 31.1 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C [P = 0.006]) 60, 75, and 90 min, respectively, after induction in @entity161 @entity1 were significantly lower than those (31.5 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C, 31.5 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C, and 31.5 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C) in control @entity1 . Four of 30 @entity161 @entity1 and 7 of 30 control @entity1 developed postanesthesia shivering. There were no significant differences within 1 h after tracheal extubation in tympanic membrane temperatures between @entity1 who shivered and those who did not shiver. In conclusion, chronic @entity161 @entity1 were more hypothermic during anesthesia. The incidence of postanesthesia shivering was not significantly increased. IMPLICATIONS: Antipsychotics inhibit autonomic thermoregulation. This is caused by @entity393 , increased @entity393 , and impaired central action at the hypothalamus. Thus, @entity161 patients receiving antipsychotics may have impaired intraoperative temperature regulation.

title: Chronic treatment with antipsychotics enhances intraoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['heat loss', 'decreased heat production']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['core hypothermia']


abstract: @entity1086 is a rare @entity5 with a poor prognosis, and few risk factors have been identified to date. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the association of cigarette smoking and @entity167 consumption with the risk of @entity1086 death. A baseline survey in 45 areas throughout Japan was conducted from 1988 to 1990 using a self-administered questionnaire, and a total of 113,496 @entity1 (65,740 @entity1 ) aged 40-89 years at entry were followed for 15 years. During the follow-up period, 165 @entity1086 deaths (95 @entity1 ) were observed. Among @entity1 , the hazard ratio (HR) [95 percent confidence interval: 95% CI] of current smoker was 2.00 [0.91-4.42], when adjusted for age and drinking. There was no clear association between @entity167 consumption and the risk. Among @entity1 , HR of current smoker was 2.27 [1.05-4.90]. HRs of those who smoked 21 cigarettes or more per day and those with 801-1,000 cigarette-years were 3.18 [1.18-8.53] and 3.44 [1.40-8.45], respectively, and positive linear associations were observed between that risk and the number of cigarettes per day (p for trend = 0.007) or "cigarette-years" (p for trend = 0.012). The @entity167 dose was linearly associated with risk (p for trend = 0.004), where the HR among those who consumed 72.0 g or more of @entity167 per day was 3.60 [1.29-9.85]. Among both @entity1 and @entity1 , cigarette smoking may elevate the risk of death from @entity1086 . Drinking may pose an elevated risk among @entity1 , but that seems to be less true among @entity1 .

title: Cigarette smoking, @entity167 drinking and the risk of XXXX death: a prospective cohort study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adverse reactions to @entity8 ( @entity8 ) are well documented with a wide range of incidences reported. The objective of this study was to determine how many @entity1 in a sample of 200 who presents for interventional @entity158 treatments report a history of adverse reactions to @entity8 . METHODS: Data from 200 outpatients were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information about prior exposure to @entity8 and any adverse events plus other general information about @entity56 including known risk factors for @entity56 . Demographic data and information about past medical history were obtained from each @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 200 @entity1 surveyed, 16 reported having had an @entity56 to @entity8 . The events met criteria for immediate @entity56 . Chemotoxic reactions cannot be ruled out. Of factors associated with risk of @entity56 , none were clearly more prevalent in subjects reporting an @entity56 vs. subjects who did not. @entity1097 @entity1 generally considered susceptible to contrast @entity566 reported no @entity56 . The number of medications and foods the subjects reported caused them to have @entity56 was extensive. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a history suggestive of an immediate @entity56 to @entity8 may report for interventional @entity158 procedures normally performed with @entity8 . @entity1 who have experienced an immediate @entity56 to @entity8 have increased risk for another reaction if injected again with contrast agent. Therefore, facilities should be prepared to implement measures to prevent recurrent reactions.

title: Prevalence of adverse reactions to radiopaque contrast reported by XXXX presenting for interventional @entity158 procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RCM', 'radiopaque contrast media']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction', 'allergic reaction', 'allergic reactions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Induced @entity2472 in anesthetized animals results in significant hemodynamic and @entity450 ( @entity450 ) changes. Although reflex cardiovascular responses initiated in contracting muscle have been firmly established, little is known about the effects of age on these responses. Because other reflex responses that involve sympathetic activation appear to be attenuated with age, it was hypothesized that reflex efferent cardiovascular responses that normally occur during @entity2472 would be impaired in senescent @entity235 . Therefore, hemodynamic and @entity450 responses to induced @entity2472 (HLC) were evaluated in 8- to 14- and 2- to 3-yr-old beagles during alpha-chloralose anesthesia. Most baseline hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups, but heart rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in old @entity235 . During HLC, heart rate and blood pressure increased in the young and old @entity235 . However, increases in @entity64 volume and cardiac output were greater in old @entity235 , combined with a reduction in systemic vascular resistance not observed in young @entity235 . No age-related difference in baseline @entity450 (microspheres) was observed in six of eight abdominal regional circulations and in each of four skeletal muscle groups. During HLC, @entity450 reductions occurred in six of eight abdominal organs in young and old @entity235 . However, the reduction in @entity450 and concomitant increase in vascular resistance in all eight abdominal regions combined was almost twice as great in young vs. old @entity235 . In noncontracting skeletal muscle, @entity450 decreased and vascular resistance increased four times more in young vs. old @entity235 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of age on cardiovascular responses to static XXXX in beagles.

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['regional blood flow', 'RBF']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['static hindlimb contraction', 'muscular contraction']

answer: @entity2472 :: (MESH:C536214,Disease) :: ['muscular contraction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study was designed to evaluate the antitumor activity and @entity137 of @entity416 and @entity901 in previously untreated @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . The primary endpoint of the study was to determine the objective response rate, and a secondary endpoint was to measure the time to disease progression. METHODS: A 2-stage trial was planned with an accrual goal of 35 @entity1 . The treatment included @entity901 given at a dose of 130 mg/m2 on Day 1 of each 3-week cycle. Initially, @entity416 at a dose of 2000 mg/m2/day in 2 divided doses was given on Days 1-14 of each cycle, but this was reduced to a dose of 1500 mg/m2/day because of @entity137 . @entity1 were followed by computed tomography scans every two cycles to evaluate treatment response, and @entity137 was monitored. RESULTS: The first 13 @entity1 on the trial received the higher dose of @entity416 . Although 5 responses (38.5%) were noted, 5 @entity1 were hospitalized with @entity294 and @entity2700 . This @entity137 led to a decrease in the dose of @entity416 to 1500 mg/m2/day and an additional 35 @entity1 were treated. At the lower dose, the partial response rate was 37.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21.5-55.1%). The estimated median progression-free survival was 6.9 months (95% CI, 4.4-8.2 months). At the lower dose, four @entity1 were hospitalized with @entity294 / @entity2700 (with one death reported), one with @entity1398 , and one with @entity2224 . Overall, Grade (according to version 2.0 of the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria) 3-4 @entity294 was reported to develop in 20% of those @entity1 treated at the @entity416 dose of 1500 mg/m2/day compared with 62% of @entity1 treated at the dose of 2000 mg/m2/day. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity901 and @entity416 is an active and convenient regimen for the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity14 and should be compared with other front-line regimens as therapy for disease.

title: Treatment of advanced @entity14 with XXXX and @entity416 : a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Childhood @entity131 (CTBI) is one of the most common causes of impairment in @entity1 and adolescents, with @entity2673 found to be the most persisting. Given that the transition into adolescence and adulthood can be a stressful period, it is likely that young @entity1 who have sustained a CTBI will be more vulnerable to developing @entity2673 . To date, most research has focused on psychosocial development up to five years following a CTBI and it is unclear how survivors develop in the long-term as young adults. The aim of this research was to track the long-term psychosocial outcomes of @entity1 with CTBI and compare them with healthy controls over a period of 16 years. Seventy-five @entity1 with a CTBI and 29 control @entity1 were followed up at five time-points over a period of 16 years. To measure psychosocial functioning (social skills, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms), questionnaires were completed by the primary caregiver acutely (pre-injury baseline), then six months, five years, 10 years, and 16 years post-injury. No significant group differences were found regarding the developmental trajectory of social skills, or internalizing and externalizing symptoms between the CTBI and control groups. The severe CTBI group demonstrated a trend of lower social skills, while the mild CTBI group showed a trend of higher internalizing and externalizing skills at six months, five years, and ten years post-CTBI event, compared with other groups. The mild CTBI group scored in the borderline range for externalizing symptoms six months post-CTBI; however, all other mean scores were within the normal range. Over a period of 16 years, young adults with CTBI showed similar developmental trajectories regarding psychosocial outcomes, compared with healthy controls. This study confirmed previous literature that CTBI is associated with increased levels of @entity2673 .

title: The Trajectory of Long-Term Psychosocial Development 16 Years following Childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial problems', 'psychosocial difficulties']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: @entity26 profiles of the @entity35 mammary 13672 @entity189 were determined using a @entity4095 histograph prior to treatment and 24 hrs. and 48 hrs. after 2 or 5 fractions of 3 gray given once daily. The @entity5 were much more @entity519 at 24 hrs. post radiation therapy than prior to therapy. There was little increase in the oxygenation of the @entity5 at 48 hrs. post therapy compared with 24 hrs. post therapy indicating that reoxygenation was occurring very slowly in this @entity5 . @entity15436 breathing improved the oxygenation of the @entity5 under each of the conditions studied. Administration of a perflubron emulsion (8 ml/kg) produced little or no change in the oxygenation of the @entity5 under normal air breathing conditions. However, with the addition of @entity15436 breathing to administration of the perflubron emulsion there was an increase in the mean/median @entity4095 's of the @entity5 to levels equal to or greater than @entity15436 breathing alone. Perhaps most significantly administration of the perflubron emulsion with @entity15436 breathing increased the oxygenation of the most @entity519 regions of the @entity5 but @entity15436 breathing alone did not.

title: Reduced oxygenation in a XXXX mammary @entity189 post-radiation and reoxygenation with a perflubron emulsion/ @entity15436 breathing.

entities_list: @entity15436 :: ('MESH:C011700', 'Chemical') :: ['carbogen', 'Carbogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although current guidelines recommend continuing the same antithrombotic strategy regardless of rhythm control after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), anticoagulation has a risk of major @entity548 . We evaluated the safety of switching @entity1229 to @entity117 in @entity1 with successful @entity955 ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 721 @entity1 who underwent RFCA of @entity955 , 608 @entity1 (age, 57.3  10.9 years; 77.0% male, 75.5% paroxysmal @entity955 ) who had no evidence of @entity955 recurrence at 3 months post-RFCA were included. We compared the @entity1031 and hemorrhagic events in @entity1 for whom @entity1229 was switched to @entity117 (ASA group; n=296) and @entity1 who were kept on @entity1229 therapy (W group; n=312). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity23012   DS   -VASc or HAS-BLED scores between the groups. In 30 @entity1 in the ASA group and 37 @entity1 in W group, @entity955 recurred and @entity1229 was restarted or maintained during the 18.0  12.2 months of follow-up. There were no significant differences in @entity1031 (0.3% vs. 1.0%, p=0.342) and major @entity548 incidences (0.7% vs. 0.6%, p=0.958) between ASA and W groups during the follow-up period. In the 259 @entity1 with a @entity23012   DS   -VASc score>= 2, there were no significant differences in @entity1031 (0.8% and 2.2%, p=0.380) or major @entity548 incidences (0.8% and 1.4%, p=0.640) between ASA and W groups. CONCLUSION: Switching @entity1229 to @entity117 3 months after successful RFCA of @entity955 could be as safe and efficacious as long-term anticoagulation even in @entity1 with @entity23012   DS   -VASc score>= 2. However, strict rhythm monitoring cannot be overemphasized.

title: Safety and efficacy of switching anticoagulation to XXXX three months after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The tremendous rise in the economic burden of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) has prompted a search for alternative and less expensive medicines. @entity61342 offers a compelling profile of bioactive components with potential anti- @entity6 properties. The Taraxacum genus from the Asteraceae family is found in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere. It is available in several areas around the world. In many countries, it is used as food and in some countries as therapeutics for the control and treatment of @entity2175 . The anti- @entity6 properties of @entity61342 are attributed to bioactive chemical components; these include @entity61343 , @entity25588 (TS), @entity13259 , and @entity28285 . Studies have outlined the useful pharmacological profile of @entity61342 for the treatment of an array of diseases, although little attention has been paid to the effects of its bioactive components on @entity2175 to date. This review recapitulates previous work on @entity61342 and its potential for the treatment and prevention of @entity2175 , highlighting its anti- @entity6 properties, the structures of its chemical components, and their potential mechanisms of action in @entity2175 . Although initial research appears promising, data on the cellular impact of @entity61342 are limited, necessitating further work on clonal b-cell lines (INS-1E), a-cell lines, and @entity1 skeletal cell lines for better identification of the active components that could be of use in the control and treatment of @entity2175 . In fact, extensive in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical research is required to investigate further the pharmacological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms underlying the effects of @entity61342 -derived compounds on @entity2175 .

title: The Physiological Effects of @entity61342 ( XXXX ) in Type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity61342 :: ('50225', 'Species') :: ['Dandelion', 'dandelion']

entities_list: @entity61343 :: ('MESH:C100435', 'Chemical') :: ['chicoric acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28285 :: ('CHEBI:37667', 'Chemical') :: ['sesquiterpene lactones']

entities_list: @entity13259 :: ('MESH:D002726', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorogenic acid']

entities_list: @entity25588 :: ('MESH:C079988', 'Chemical') :: ['taraxasterol']

answer: @entity61342 :: (50225,Species) :: ['Taraxacum Officinale']


abstract: @entity1205 has been evaluated in 293 @entity1 with advanced @entity43 in three phase II trials. All @entity1 had previously received @entity900 and/or @entity3003 as first-line treatment. In all three studies, treatment comprised @entity1205 100 mg/m2 as a 1 h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks, without premedication for @entity56 reactions or emesis. To date, 200 @entity1 are evaluable for response. Of these, 63 @entity1 achieved complete or partial response, giving an overall response rate of 31.5% (95% confidence interval 24-39%) for all evaluable @entity1 , or 21.5% for all @entity1 entered in the studies. Of the 57 @entity1 whose disease had progressed either during previous therapy or within 4 months of discontinuing previous therapy, 13 (23%) responded to @entity1205 (EORTC data). Major adverse effects of @entity1205 observed in approximately half the @entity1 (particularly those who received more than four courses) included skin reactions and @entity6112 . Grade III or IV @entity1398 was common but short-lived. Severe acute @entity56 reactions occurred in approximately 5% of @entity1 . @entity1205 now warrants evaluation as part of first-line therapy. Studies aimed at reducing the incidence of @entity6112 and skin reactions with @entity1205 are ongoing.

title: XXXX in advanced @entity43 : preliminary results from three phase II trials. EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group and Clinical Screening Group, and the MD Anderson Cancer Center.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['fluid retention']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features of @entity2194 in Cairn Terriers. ANIMAL STUDIED: One hundred and fourteen Cairn Terriers diagnosed with @entity2194 . PROCEDURES: A complete eye examination was performed on each @entity235 . Four @entity235 (and two unaffected control @entity235 ) underwent a high frequency ultrasound examination of the anterior segment. The pedigrees of affected @entity235 were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-four (38.6%) @entity235 were male and 67 (58.7%) female; the sex of three @entity235 (2.6%) was not provided. A four-stage grading system of the ocular changes was developed. There was a variable age of onset, and the earliest change was a dark-colored thickening of the iris root. This was followed by the development of episcleral/scleral pigment plaques, release of pigment into the aqueous and deposition in the drainage apparatus, particularly ventrally. @entity726 developed in the most severely affected @entity235 . A slow progression of pigmentation in the tapetal fundus was observed and in some @entity235 pigment on the surface of the optic nerve head was seen. Three @entity235 developed uveal @entity5 . Pedigree analysis suggested a possible autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2194 is an inherited, probably @entity74 with a variable age of onset and rate of progression. It results in a thickening and pigmentation of the iris, release of pigmented material into the aqueous, pigment deposition in the sclera/episclera, and to a lesser extent posterior segment pigment deposition. Following extensive pigment deposition in the aqueous drainage pathways it can result in secondary @entity726 .

title: XXXX in the Cairn Terrier: clinical description and investigation of mode of inheritance.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular melanosis', 'Ocular melanosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'Secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant condition']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Ocular melanosis']


abstract: Interest in the field of neuroimmunoendocrinology is in full expansion. With regard to this, @entity134 influence on the immune system, in particular sex @entity230 and glucocorticoids, has been known for a long time. Sex @entity230 are part of the mechanism underlying the immune sexual dimorphism, as particularly emphasized in @entity792 . Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids are now considered a physiological negative feedback loop to cytokines produced during an immune and/or inflammatory response. Psychosocial factors may play a role in the development of immunologically-mediated diseases, e.g. @entity792 . The nonobese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 , that develops an immunologically-mediated @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is an interesting model to study the role of endogenous @entity230 . Insulitis is present in both sexes, but @entity6 has a strong preponderance in females. Hormonal alteration, such as castration, modulates the incidence of @entity6 , whereas environmental factors, such as stress, accelerate the disease. In the present paper, we have reviewed the role of gender, sex @entity134 hormones, stress and glucocorticoids in @entity792 as well as analyzed their different levels of actions and interrelationships, focusing particular attention on the immunologically-mediated @entity1723 of the NOD @entity19 .

title: Sex @entity230 , glucocorticoids, stress and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: Exposure to low doses of radiation and/or chemicals can prime an organism to withstand the stress of a subsequent exposure to higher doses of the same agent. In the case of radiation, this phenomenon has been called radioadaptive response. Cytogenetic studies have been undertaken in @entity1 lymphocytes to investigate @entity3626 ( @entity3626 ) to ionizing radiation, in particular to seek the role of variables such as priming dose, cell cycle stage, and age and gender of the donor. We demonstrated that pre-exposure of lymphocytes in whole blood cultures to very low doses in the range of about 1 cGy (priming or @entity3626 [ @entity3626 ]) reduced the frequency of micronuclei in binucleated cells induced by 100 cGy--that is, produced an @entity3626 in these cells in vitro. However, pre-exposure of cells to 10.0 cGy did not reduce the chromosomal damage (micronuclei) induced by the challenging dose (CD) of 100 cGy under the same protocol, thus exhibiting an inverse dose-response relationship. There was marked variability in the @entity3626 among the individuals investigated in the study. The extent of @entity3626 also depended on the stage of cell cycle exposed to the CD of radiation. Maximum @entity3626 was observed when CD of 100 cGy was given 4 hours after @entity3626 , 30 hours following the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes. The least @entity3626 was observed when CD was given 48 hours after stimulation. Interestingly, @entity3626 was also found to be dependent on the age of the donor, a decrease in @entity3626 being observed with an increasing age. No significant difference in @entity3626 was observed between male and female donors. To understand the molecular events underlying @entity3626 , protein synthesis patterns were studied in @entity1 lymphocytes subjected to mitogen, heat, or radiation stress. @entity1457 (45 degrees C, for 15 min) induced 7 proteins with molecular weights ranging from 40 to 80 kDa, while treatment with phytohemagglutinin (40 microg/mL) showed induction of 2 proteins of molecular weights 38 and 48 kDa, respectively. However, exposure of @entity1 lymphocyte cultures to gamma radiation did not significantly induce synthesis of any protein, up to 800 cGy dose. Lack of induction of proteins by gamma radiation in @entity1 lymphocytes contrasts with the previous reports showing X-ray radiation-enhanced gene expression in @entity320 cells and/or @entity1 @entity5 fibroblasts.

title: Radioadaptive response in XXXX lymphocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity3626 :: ('MESH:D018489', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'AR', 'adaptive response', 'adaptive dose']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The subject of the present paper is the simultaneous determination of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) and @entity3094 ( @entity1617 ) concentrations in the striatum of freely moving @entity35 using an in vivo microdialysis followed by head-space gas chromatography (GC). Major operation conditions of GC were as follows: column, injector and detector temperatures 90, 110 and 200 degrees C, respectively; Supelcowax wide bore capillary column (60 m length, 0.53 mm i.d., 2 microm film thickness); carrier gas, @entity1568 ; flow rate, 20 ml/min. The recovery of @entity167 and @entity1617 at a concentration 40 mM and 250 microM, respectively, by microdialysis showed a maximum of 83.8+/-12.2 and 51.2+/-6.5%, respectively, at a flow rate of 0.8 microl/min. A good linear calibration curve in the concentration range of 5-50 mM for @entity167 (r=0.998), and 10-250 microM for @entity1617 (r=0.988) was observed. Microdialysates were collected for 10 min each after insertion of probe into the striatum. @entity35 were treated with @entity58713 (100mg/kg, a potent @entity264 dehydrogenase inhibitor) and 60 min later with @entity167 (1g/kg) intraperitoneally. A 10 min sample was about 8 microl. This volume was mixed with 40 microl of 0.002% @entity23053 as an internal standard in 0.6N @entity9901 , and then analyzed by head-space GC method. The peak @entity167 and @entity1617 concentrations in the striatal dialysates reached maximum at 30 min, and then gradually decreased. This method represents a reasonable tool to quantify in vivo both @entity1617 and @entity167 levels simultaneously in @entity35 brain.

title: Microdialysis for the determination of XXXX and @entity1068 concentrations in the striatum of freely moving @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloric acid']

entities_list: @entity58713 :: ('MESH:D003484', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanamide']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity3094 :: (MESH:D000079,Chemical) :: ['acetaldehyde']


abstract: The priming of @entity3616 by radiation therapy (RT) to the breast is now a well recognised syndrome. This study describes the occurrence of @entity9757 following RT after surgery for @entity0 in five female @entity1 , with a mean age of 68 yrs (range 49-77). All @entity1 had a history of @entity565 and/or @entity566 . At the onset of @entity5930 , all @entity1 were symptomatic. Chest radiograph showed pulmonary infiltrates, unilateral and limited to the irradiated lung in three @entity1 , and bilateral in two. Pulmonary opacities were migratory in one @entity1 . All @entity1 had blood @entity1712 >1.0 10(9) x L(-1) and/or @entity1712 >40% at bronchoalveolar lavage differential cell count. The median time interval between the end of radiation therapy and the onset of @entity5930 was 3.5 months (range 1-10). All @entity1 rapidly improved with oral corticosteroids without sequelae. Relapse occurred in two @entity1 after treatment withdrawal. Priming of @entity3794 by radiation therapy to the breast might promote either @entity3616 or @entity9757 , with the latter depending on genetic or acquired characteristics of @entity1 and/or further stimulation that may trigger a T-helper cell type 2 form of lymphocyte response, especially in @entity1 with @entity565 or other @entity1097 .

title: XXXX after radiation therapy for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic manifestations']

answer: @entity9757 :: (MESH:C535590,Disease) :: ['Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The effect of endovascular treatment for @entity2553 was investigated by analysing the results of @entity1 treated in Wakayama City in 1994. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety nine @entity1 with @entity1756 , who survived more than one week and were treated in Wakayama City in 1994, were studied. Twenty five @entity1 caused symptomatic @entity2553 and 25 were treated by endovascular therapy, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and/or intra-arterial @entity3302 infusion (IAP). PTA was performed for proximal @entity2553 which located in the main arterial trunk, such as ICA, M1, BA (n = 3). IAP was chosen for distal @entity2553 which located mainly in the M2, A1, A2 (n = 12). @entity865 and/or IAP was performed for diffuse @entity2553 which located in proximal and distal arteries (n = 10). RESULTS: In the proximal @entity2553 group, all @entity1 were good to moderately disabled on the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). In the distal @entity2553 group, 8 @entity1 were good to moderately disabled, and 4 @entity1 were severely disabled. The overall results were as follows: 17 (68%), good to moderately disabled, 4 (16%), severely disabled, 4 (16%), dead. The morbidity and mortality rate was 8/25 (32%) in symptomatic @entity2473 group. CONCLUSION: PTA was very effective especially for proximal @entity2553 , but IAP was not always effective for distal or diffuse @entity2553 . Diffuse @entity2553 revealed a high mortality rate in spite of the endovascular therapy.

title: The effect of endovascular therapy for cerebral arterial XXXX , its limitation and pitfalls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the authors' experience fitting @entity1 with pellucid marginal @entity528 (PMCD) with bitoric gas-permeable contact lenses. METHODS: The records of 11 @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of PMCD were retrospectively reviewed. The numbers of diagnostic contact lenses at the first visit, office visits, and lenses ordered to complete the fitting; uncorrected, spectacle-corrected, and contact lens-corrected Snellen visual acuities; contact lens success or failure; and complications encountered were all assessed. These data were compared to historic data for @entity1 with other corneal irregularities (keratoconus, penetrating keratoplasty, and refractive surgery). RESULTS: The mean number of diagnostic contact lenses used at the first visit was 1.09 +/- 0.302, and the number of lenses ordered to complete the fitting was 1.82 +/- 1.33. The number of visits during 4 months was 6.18 +/- 2.14. Uncorrected visual acuity (logMAR) was 0.957 +/- 0.398 (20/181 in Snellen); the best-corrected spectacle visual acuity (logMAR) was 0.231 +/- 0.309 (20/34 in Snellen); and the best contact lens-corrected visual acuity (logMAR) was 0.0424 +/- 0.06275 (20/22 in Snellen). Corrected vision in eyes with PMCD improved approximately two lines with bitoric gas-permeable contact lenses compared to that achieved with spectacles. Ten (91) of the @entity1 met the criteria of contact lens success during the 4-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Bitoric gas-permeable contact lenses achieved a comfortable and visually successful fit in most eyes with PMCD. @entity1 with PMCD used the fewest contact lenses and had the fewest lens exchanges, but required more office visits than other groups of @entity1 with various corneal irregularities.

title: Bitoric gas-permeable contact lens application in pellucid marginal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['corneal degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['corneal degeneration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies have shown a relationship between circulating lipids and @entity778 ; however, the association of altered lipid profiles with @entity7643 remains little studied. The aim of this study was to determine the association between circulating lipid content and severe @entity1423 . Ninety-eight @entity1 (2-66  years old) classified as having @entity779 ( @entity779 ), @entity779 ( @entity779 ), or @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) and 62 healthy individuals were studied. Blood samples were tested for @entity8768 , anti- @entity779 IgM, platelet content, total @entity165 (TC), @entity1674 (T), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Lipid alterations were observed mainly in @entity1 with @entity7643 . Increased T and VLDL was observed in @entity7643 , and increased HDL was observed in @entity779 and @entity7643 . Decreased TC was found in all forms of @entity779 , and the lowest LDL values were found in @entity7643 . Platelet counts were significantly decreased in @entity779 and @entity7643 when compare to @entity779 . A positive correlation (p  =  0.019) between LDL values and platelet counts and a negative correlation (p  =  0.0162) between VLDL values and platelet counts were found. Lipid profile alterations were associated with @entity7643 .

title: Association of lipid profile alterations with severe forms of @entity779 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['dengue virus infection']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['dengue and/or platelet counts']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['severe dengue', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue with warning signs', 'DNWS', 'DWWS', 'dengue without warning signs', 'dengue']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an alternative surgical treatment of refractory urge @entity322 and/or fecal @entity322 . Despite its clinical efficacy, the mechanisms of action of SNS remain poorly understood. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of SNS on visceral mechanosensitivity in @entity35 . METHODS: Anesthetized @entity35 were treated with SNS or sham stimulation. SNS was performed by implanting an electrode close to the sacral nerve root S1. @entity35 were administered either a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist ( @entity1510 ) or a @entity842 synthase inhibitor ( @entity6462 ). Colonic mechanosensitivity was evaluated using the variation of arterial blood pressure as a spino-bulbar reflex in response to graded isobaric @entity14 ( @entity14 ). @entity5019 immunoreactive neurons were quantified in spinal and supraspinal sites.  -opioid receptor (MOR) internalization was counted in the sacral spinal cord with sham or effective SNS in response to @entity14 . KEY RESULTS: SNS reduced visceral mechanosensitivity in response to @entity14 . This effect was reversed by intrathecal and intraveinous @entity1510 administration. In both models, @entity14 induced increased @entity5019 immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn neurons of the sacral spinal cord and supraspinal areas. This increase was prevented by SNS. MOR internalization was significantly higher in stimulated group. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: SNS impacts on visceral mechanosensitivity by decreasing the spino-bulbar reflex in response to @entity14 . Spinal opioid receptors are likely involved in this effect.

title: Acute sacral nerve stimulation reduces visceral mechanosensitivity in XXXX through spinal opioid pathway.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'colorectal distension']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Biofeedback training has been shown as an effective therapeutic measure in @entity1 with @entity3087 , at least in the short term. Long-term effects have received less attention. Moreover, its effects in @entity1 with @entity73 have been scarcely investigated. This study was designed to assess in an objective way the medium- and long-term effects of biofeedback and muscle training in @entity1 with @entity3087 and @entity73 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 (14 with @entity3087 and 10 with slow transit) meeting the Rome II criteria for @entity1142 , and unresponsive to conventional treatments, entered the study. Clinical evaluation and anorectal manometry were performed basally and three months after a cycle of electromyographic biofeedback and muscle training; moreover, a clinical interview was obtained one year after biofeedback. @entity1 with @entity73 also had colonic transit time reassessed at one year. RESULTS: Clinical variables ( @entity490 , straining, number of evacuations/week, use of laxatives) all significantly improved in both groups at three-month assessment; anorectal manometric variables remained unchanged, apart from a significant decrease of sensation threshold in the @entity3087 group and of the maximum rectal tolerable volume in the @entity73 group. At one-year control, 50 percent of @entity1 with @entity3087 still maintained a beneficial effect from biofeedback, whereas only 20 percent of those complaining of @entity73 did so. Moreover, the latter displayed no improvement in colonic transit time. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, @entity1 with @entity3087 are likely to have continued benefit from biofeedback training in the time course, whereas its effects on @entity73 seems to be maximal in the short-term course.

title: Long-term study on the effects of visual biofeedback and muscle training as a therapeutic modality in XXXX and @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow-transit constipation']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity3087 :: (MESH:D059952,Disease) :: ['pelvic floor dyssynergia']


abstract: We isolated and characterized mutant repressors (GalR) of the gal operon in @entity526 . These repressors (super-repressors), called GalRs, have a non-inducible phenotype. Repression of the gal operon by super-repressors cannot be lifted by inducer. The mutant galR genes, galRs, have been cloned and the mutational changes determined. Two of them, galRuv7s and galR78s, were located in the proposed sugar binding domains of the repressor. The repressor from wild-type (galR+), as well as from mutant galRuv7s, was purified and characterized biochemically. The results showed that, like wild-type GalR+, GalRuv7s binds to DNA normally and represses transcription from the P1 promoter and stimulates that from the P2 promoter of the gal operon. Nevertheless, compared to GalR+, GalRuv7s is much less sensitive to the presence of the inducer, @entity3649 . The affinity of @entity3649 to GalRuv7s is 10 to 30-fold lower, as measured by the effect of the inducer on GalR @entity2340 fluorescence; GalR complexes with DNA and on GalR repression of transcription. Our results suggest that the super-repressor phenotype of GalRuv7s is because of a defect in @entity3649 binding rather than a defect in the ligand-induced allosteric change or increased affinity for the operator.

title: The non-inducible nature of super-repressors of the gal operon in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The study in chronic experiment on 26 pregnant @entity95 females induced in labor by @entity398 on the 30th day ofpregnancy was conducted. The effects of @entity1341 (0,5% - I ml) epidural anesthesia (EA) on the contractile activity of the uterus, the functional state of the females and their fetuses were studied. On the 28th day of pregnancy under thiopental anesthesia electrodes were administered: to thefetus - ECG, in the female myometrium for recording electrical activity. In order to check the uterus mechanical activity the original sensor was used filled by @entity15583 , which was placed around one horn of the uterus. The contractile activity of the myometrium was evaluatedfor each 5-minute interval by the number ofuterine contractions, duration and amplitude of one uterine contraction. The functional state offemale fetuses and @entity95 female were evaluated by the frequency change of the heart rate. In 12 females occured to delivery. Registration of uterine contractions, heart rate of the female and fetuses were carried out simultaneously and continuously throughout the whole experiment. It was shown that under standard conditions EA didn't induce changes in uterine activity parameters of the female located in its natural position, and didn't affect on the fetal heart rate (3-factor analysis of variance - ANOVA). 10minutes after EA, the momentary acceleration of female heart rate (9%) was recorded in relation to the reference level, which may be associated with transient @entity551 . Thus, in conditions of our experience the @entity1341 (0,5% - 1,0 ml) EA in induced labor of female @entity95 has no significant effect on the uterus contractile activity and the functional state of the fetus. Short-term adaptive @entity591 is registered in females.

title: [The influence of the XXXX regional anesthesia on the contractile activity of the uterus and the functional state of the fetus].

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Despite an increase in recent years, @entity157 remains uncommon in the Netherlands. The aim of the current study is to explore potential effects of hospital type and volume on outcomes after resection or @entity2857 in @entity1 with @entity157 . METHODS: Initial treatment and survival of @entity1 with @entity157 diagnosed in the period 2005-2011 were based on data of the Netherlands Cancer Registration. Potential risk factors (including hospital type and volume) for 30-days postoperative and long-term mortality in @entity1 who underwent resection and in @entity1 treated with @entity2857 were evaluated by uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In the period 2005-2011, 2402 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity157 : 12% received resection and 9% @entity2857 . Postoperative mortality was higher in non-university hospitals (13% versus 4%; P=0.01). Resection in non-university hospitals was associated with higher postoperative mortality (odds ratio 3.38, 95% confidence interval 1.37-10.68) and long-term mortality (hazard ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.40). @entity2857 treatment in non-university hospitals was also associated with higher long-term mortality (hazard ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.82). Hospital volume was not independent predictor for outcome. CONCLUSION: In low incidence countries, outcome after resection or @entity2857 for @entity157 may differ between various hospital types.

title: Survival in relation to hospital type after resection or XXXX treatment for @entity157 in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: Volume expansion and @entity101 are widely used for the hemodynamic management of @entity1 with @entity510 . OBJECTIVE:: To investigate the feasibility, adherence, and retention in a trial of volume expansion and blood pressure manipulation to prevent delayed @entity2806 . METHODS:: A randomized pilot trial using a 2-way factorial design allocating @entity1 within 72 hours of @entity510 to either normovolemia (NV) or volume expansion (HV) and simultaneously to conventional ( @entity16221 ) or @entity551 ( @entity551 ) for 10 days. The study endpoints were protocol adherence and retention to follow-up. The quality of endpoints for a larger trial were 6-month modified Rankin Scale score, comprehensive neurobehavioral assessment, delayed @entity2806 , new @entity64 , and discharge disposition. RESULTS:: Twenty @entity1 were randomized and completed follow-up. The overall difference in daily mean intravenous fluid intake was 2099 mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 867, 3333), HV vs NV group. The overall mean systolic blood pressure difference was 5 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.65, 14.75), @entity551 vs @entity16221 group. Adverse events included @entity204 (n = 1), delayed @entity2806 (n = 1), and @entity358 (n = 3). There were no differences in modified Rankin Scale score between HV and NV (difference 0.1; 95% CI: -1.26, 1.46, P = .87) or between @entity551 and @entity16221 groups (-0.5, 95% CI: -1.78, 0.78, P = .43). Neuropsychological scores were similar between HV vs NV, but tended to be worse in @entity551 (57    27) vs @entity16221 group (85    21, P = .04). CONCLUSION:: This pilot study showed adequate feasibility and excellent retention to follow-up. Given the suggestion of possible worse neurobehavioral outcome with @entity551 , a larger trial to determine the optimal blood pressure management in this @entity1 population is warranted. (ClinTrials.gov NCT01414894.) ABBREVIATIONS:: @entity551 , augmented blood pressureCBP, conventionalDCI, delayed @entity1779 , Glasgow Outcome Scale-ExtendedHV, volume expansionmRS, modified Rankin ScaleNV, normovolemiaPHQ-9, @entity1 Health QuestionnaireRAVLT, Ray Auditory Verbal Learning TestSWLS, Satisfaction with Life scaleTCD, transcranial DopplerWASI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of IntelligenceWASI-III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition.

title: Randomized Pilot Trial of Intensive Management of Blood Pressure or Volume Expansion in XXXX (IMPROVES).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemiaGOSE']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['augmented blood pressure', 'ABP']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aims Recent ability to derive endothelial cells (ECs) from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells holds a great therapeutic potential for personalised medicine and stem cell therapy. We aimed that better understanding of the complex molecular signals that are evoked during iPS cell differentiation towards ECs may allow specific targeting of their activities to enhance cell differentiation and promote tissue regeneration. Methods and Results In this study we have generated @entity19 iPS cells from fibroblasts using established protocol. When iPS cells were cultivated on type IV @entity19 collagen-coated dishes in differentiation medium, cell differentiation toward vascular lineages were observed. To study the molecular mechanisms of iPS cell differentiation, we found that @entity58418 is involved in EC differentiation. A step-wise increase in expression of miR-199 was detected during EC differentiation. Notably, @entity58418 targeted the Notch ligand @entity5239 , resulting in @entity1611 transcriptional activation and secretion through the transcription factor @entity10433 . Upon shRNA-mediated knockdown of the Notch ligand @entity5239 , the regulatory effect of @entity58418 was ablated and there was robust induction of @entity10433 and @entity1611 during EC differentiation. Knockdown of @entity5239 also inhibited @entity58418 -mediated inhibition of iPS cell differentiation towards SMCs. Using the in vitro tube formation assay and implanted Matrigel plugs, in vivo, @entity58418 also regulated @entity1611 expression and angiogenesis. Conclusions This study indicates a novel role for @entity58418 as a regulator of the phenotypic switch during vascular cell differentiation derived from iPS cells by regulating critical signaling angiogenic responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: MicroRNA-199b modulates vascular cell fate during iPS cell differentiation by targeting the notch ligand @entity5239 and enhancing XXXX signaling.

answer: @entity1611 :: (22339(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial flora of root filled teeth with @entity1546 and to determine the prevalence of b-lactamase producing strains in isolated bacteria in Latvian @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 33 root filled teeth with asymptomatic persisting periapical lesions were selected for the present study. During nonsurgical endodontic retreatment, the root filling material was removed and canals were sampled. Determination of microbial species was based on series of biochemical tests using identification kits. All strains of bacteria were tested for b-lactamase production by using chromogenic @entity23287 -impregnated slides. RESULTS: Bacteria were found in 32 (97%) of initial specimens from the teeth. The number of isolated microbial strains in the specimens ranged from one to six (mean 2.7). 79% of the isolated microbial species were Gram-positive bacteria. The most common isolates were Streptococcus (27%), Actinomyces (27%), @entity1793 (18%), Enterococcus (18%) and Lactobacillus (18%) spp. @entity375 were found as four isolates in 3 cases (9%). b-lactamase-producing bacterial strains were detected in 12 specimens, 36% of the @entity1 . The most common enzyme-producing bacteria belonged to Actinomyces and @entity1793 spp. CONCLUSIONS: The microbial flora in previously treated root canals with @entity1546 is limited to a small number of predominantly Gram-positive microbial species. The most common isolates are Streptococcus, Actinomyces, @entity1793 , Enterococcus and Lactobacillus spp. A moderately high prevalence of b-lactamase producing bacterial strains was detected in @entity1 with root filled teeth with @entity1546 .

title: Microflora of root filled teeth with @entity1546 in Latvian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1546 :: ('MESH:D010485', 'Disease') :: ['apical periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity23287 :: ('MESH:C021720', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrocefin']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['Staphylococcus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to explore the incidence of in-hospital inappropriate empiric antibiotic use in @entity1 with severe @entity281 and to identify its relationship with @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: Medline (from 2004 to 2014) was systematically searched by using predefined inclusion criteria. Reference lists of retrieved articles were screened for additional relevant studies. The systematic review included original articles reporting a quantitative measure of the association between the use of (in)appropriate empiric antibiotics in @entity1 with @entity580 and their outcomes. A meta-analysis, using a random-effects model, was conducted to quantify the effect on mortality by using risk ratios. RESULTS: In total, 27 individual articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The percentage of inappropriate empiric antibiotic use ranged from 14.1% to 78.9% (Q1-Q3: 28.1% to 57.8%); 13 of 27 studies (48.1%) described an incidence of 50% or more. A meta-analysis for 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality showed risk ratios of 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.82) and 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.80), respectively. Studies with outcome parameter 28-day and 60-day mortality reported significantly (P  <=0.02) higher mortality rates in @entity1 receiving inappropriate antibiotics. Two studies assessed the total costs, which were significantly higher in both studies (P  <=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review with meta-analysis provides evidence that inappropriate use of empiric antibiotics increases 30-day and in-hospital mortality in @entity1 with a severe @entity281 .

title: Incidence and outcome of inappropriate in-hospital empiric antibiotics for severe XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['severe in-hospital infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The routine use of health-related quality-of-life questionnaires in @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 is limited due to the time required to complete them. The Airways Questionnaire 20 (AQ20) contains 20 easy-to-answer questions, making it ideal for use in routine practice. However, a Spanish version is not available. Our aim was to create a version of the AQ20 for use in Spain that would be equivalent to the original English questionnaire. METHOD: The original questionnaire was adapted using the translation-backtranslation method. We evaluated the conceptual equivalence of the translation to the original questionnaire, classifying items as type A if they were fully equivalent, type B if they contained questionable wording, and type C if there were doubts about their equivalence. The items in categories B and C were re-examined by the researchers and translators, with input from the author of the original questionnaire and a group of @entity1 . The final version was piloted among 30 @entity1 . RESULTS: Low difficulty ratings were given to both the translation (3.45) and backtranslation (3.52). Sixty-five percent of the backtranslated items were considered to be fully equivalent to the original English items (type A), 15% were classified as type B, and 20% as type C. The final Spanish version, produced after discussion of items B and C, was administered to 15 @entity1 with @entity565 (66% @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 53.13 [19.6] y) and 15 @entity1 with @entity1030 (13% @entity1 ; mean age, 67.8 [8.94] y). A Cronbach alpha of 0.92 was obtained. CONCLUSION: The adaptation process produced a Spanish questionnaire that is conceptually equivalent to the English original, easy to understand, and satisfactory in terms of internal consistency.

title: [Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the Airways Questionnaire 20, a short health-related quality-of-life questionnaire for the clinical evaluation of @entity565 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To date, clinical success of cardiac cell-therapies remains limited. To enhance the cardioreparative properties of stem cells, the concept of lineage-specification through cardiopoietic-guidance has been recently suggested. However, so far, only results from @entity19 studies and from a clinical pilot-trial in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) are available, while systematic evidence of its therapeutic-efficacy is still lacking. Importantly, also no data from large animals or for other indications are available. Therefore, we here investigate the therapeutic-efficacy of @entity1 cardiopoietic stem cells in the treatment of post- @entity1188 @entity409 using a translational @entity1707 -model. Using growth-factor priming, lineage-specification of @entity1 bone-marrow derived MSCs was achieved to generate cardiopoietic stem cells according to @entity34857 -compliant protocols. Thereafter, @entity1707 with post- @entity1188 @entity409 (sub-acute phase;1-month) were randomized to either receive transcatheter NOGA 3D electromechanical-mapping guided intramyocardial transplantation of cardiopoietic cells or saline (control). After 30days, cardiac MRI (cMRI) was performed for functional evaluation and in-vivo cell-tracking. This approach was coupled with a comprehensive post-mortem cell-fate and mode-of-repair analysis. Cardiopoietic cell therapy was safe and ejection-fraction was significantly higher when compared to controls (p  =  0.012). It further prevented maladaptive @entity5707 and revealed a significantly lower relative and total infarct-size (p  =  0.043 and p  =  0.012). As in-vivo tracking and post-mortem analysis displayed only limited intramyocardial cardiopoietic cell-integration, the significant induction of neo-angiogenesis (   40% higher; p  =  0.003) and recruitment of endogenous progenitors (   2.5x higher; p  =  0.008) to the @entity1188 appeared to be the major modes-of-repair. This is the first report using a pre-clinical large animal-model to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of cardiopoietic stem cells for the treatment of post- @entity1188 @entity409 to prevent negative @entity5707 and subsequent @entity712 . It further provides insight into post-delivery cardiopoietic cell-fate and suggests the mechanisms of cardiopoietic cell-induced @entity299 . The adoption of @entity34857 -/GLP-compliant methodologies may accelerate the translation into a phase-I clinical-trial in @entity1 with post-ischemic @entity409 broadening the current indication of this interesting cell-type.

title: Safety and efficacy of cardiopoietic stem cells in the treatment of post- @entity1188 left-ventricular dysfunction - From cardioprotection to functional repair in a translational XXXX @entity1188 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart-failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV-dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct border-zone', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LV-remodeling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac-repair']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: In this pilot clinical investigation we have investigated the concept of modulating suppressor T lymphocyte (Ts) function to augment @entity56 ( @entity56 ) and antitumor immunity in @entity1 with @entity1358 . @entity786 (CY) was used for modulating Ts function. We used three doses of CY per 100 mg/m2, 500 mg/m2, and 1000 mg/m2. @entity786 was administered i.v. 24 h prior to the first of 6 weekly immunizations with irradiated @entity5 cells mixed with Corynebacterium parvum. Twenty of 26 @entity1 were evaluable for response. Five of these 20 (25%) evaluable @entity1 had responses, one complete response and four partial responses. Fifteen @entity1 had post-treatment skin testing with @entity5 cells. Four of these 15 (26%) @entity1 developed @entity56 to @entity5 cells. Of the four @entity1 acquiring skin test positivity three also had clinical responses, whereas among the 11 skin-test negative @entity1 , only one clinical response was observed. Six of six (100%) @entity1 who had serial T lymphocyte subset studies done had increases in their mean T helper/inducer:T suppressor/cytotoxic ratios after CY administration and immunization. These observations in an exploratory study suggest that further investigations of Ts modulation, @entity5 cell skin testing, and T lymphocyte subsets may be of value.

title: Specific immunotherapy with suppressor function inhibition for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['autologous tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'delayed type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The relationship between mutagenesis and @entity105 was investigated in T x @entity101 crossbred @entity19 using diaplacental application of @entity330 ( @entity331 ) at different stages of embryonal development. Mutagenesis was detected by induction of coat color spots, and the carcinogenic response was investigated in a long-term follow-up study of the F1-generation. The animals were particularly sensitive to induction of @entity5 at the central nervous system (CNS)-skull/vertebra interface (30% and 20% in ENU-treated male and female offspring, respectively, compared with less than 1% in controls). There was a correlation between the appearance of these @entity5 and the presence of color spots. This correlation was low but statistically significant in female offspring. Three other types of @entity5 showed a correlation with the presence of coat color spots. @entity96 were significantly increased in color spot-positive females but unchanged in males. @entity2 were reduced in color spot-positive males and appeared earlier in color spot-positive females. There was a lower incidence of @entity706 / @entity1778 in all spot-positive @entity19 . The reduction in @entity5 incidence beyond the spontaneous rate in spot-positive animals might be caused by a high cytolethal response to ENU in the relevant organs and tissues.

title: Simultaneous induction of mutagenic and cancerogenic effects in T x XXXX @entity19 with transplacental @entity330 treatment.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylnitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['HT']


abstract: We report the long-term follow-up (greater than 1 year) of 46 @entity1 (12 pediatric) randomized to receive OKT3 for the first 14 days after OLT with low-dose @entity230 compared with 39 @entity1 (8 pediatric) who received @entity205 , @entity230 , and @entity500 . The mean period of follow-up for survivors was 648 +/- 261 days for the OKT3 group and 682 +/- 216 days for the @entity205 group. Of the OKT3 @entity1 , 46% were rejection-free in the first month compared with 31% of @entity870 -treated @entity1 (P = NS). Rejection occurred after 1 month in 21% of the OKT3 group @entity1 compared with 19% of the @entity870 group @entity1 . One @entity1 in each group developed @entity1157 . Eight @entity1 in the OKT3 group and 13 in the @entity870 group experienced @entity134 -resistant rejection and required OKT3 rescue. In the 8 @entity1 in whom OKT3 was reused, 4 had a positive ELISA after prophylaxis, and in 6, CD3-positive cells were greater than 10% during OKT3 reuse. Five @entity1 resolved the episode. Of @entity1 receiving OKT3 prophylaxis, 39% developed anti-OKT3 antibodies. In the OKT3 group 83% of @entity1 and in the @entity870 group 75% currently have normal liver function. There was no difference in serum @entity1011 for either adult or pediatric recipients at 12 months in the two groups. Eight episodes (2 @entity2834 ) of severe @entity281 occurred after 1 month in the OKT3 group compared to 11 (4 @entity2834 ) in the @entity870 group. Graft survival, 63% for the OKT3 group and 73% for the @entity870 group, and @entity1 survival, 67% for the OKT3 group and 84% for the @entity870 group, were not significantly different in the two groups. We recommend reserving the use of OKT3 for resistant rejection or when @entity205 is contraindicated, as we can show no long-term benefit from its routine prophylactic use.

title: The long-term outcome of OKT3 compared with XXXX prophylaxis after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['vanishing bile duct syndrome']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Intraoperative radiation techniques allow an additional local dose in areas at high-risk for local failure. With brachytherapy techniques, perioperative radiation can be fractionated. Fractionated treatment might offer an interesting alternative to a single dose, both to increase the therapeutic ratio and to protect late reacting tissues at risk. The dose distribution for brachytherapy applicators can be optimized using spacer materials. In this prospective study a new tissue equivalent bendy applicator (TEBA) that can remain in situ for several days is introduced, and the feasibility of fractionated perioperative @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy is examined. 31 @entity1 with different @entity5 (soft tissue sarcoma, @entity2828 , @entity5 , and locally infiltrating diseases) were treated. The TEBA was applied, depending on resection status and intraoperative findings. Planning was based on digitized radiographs and CT scans. Perioperative @entity1168 brachytherapy was performed using an individual treatment schedule. In 29 @entity1 perioperative radiation was given and in 26 cases fractionated brachytherapy application was possible. TEBA application time varied from 1 day to 11 days. During this time between 1 and 8 fractions were given with total doses from 10 Gy to 25 Gy. Fractionated perioperative brachytherapy with this technique is feasible and adequate. Further studies will show whether fractionated perioperative treatment using the TEBA technique fulfils its theoretical advantages over single dose intraoperative radiotherapy by decreased late @entity137 and @entity5 control.

title: Fractionated perioperative XXXX brachytherapy using a tissue equivalent bendy applicator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewings sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumours', 'increased local tumour']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['high dose rate']