abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3124 requiring @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) management is a life-altering event with    25% of @entity1213 survivors experiencing persistent reductions in physical functioning, impairments in @entity1032 , @entity73 and decreased quality of life. This constellation of problems is known as 'postintensive @entity751 ' (PICS) and may persist for months and/or years. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the scope and magnitude of physical problems associated with PICS during the first year after discharge from @entity1213 , using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework to elucidate the impairments of body functions and structures, activity limitations and participation restrictions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Medline (Ovid), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Ovid), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science and EMBASE will be systematically searched for observational studies reporting the physical impairments of body functions and structures, activity limitations and participation restrictions associated with PICS. Two reviewers will assess the articles for eligibility according to prespecified selection criteria, after which an independent reviewer will perform data extraction which will be validated by a second independent reviewer. Quality appraisal will be performed by two independent reviewers. Outcomes of the included studies will be summarised in tables and in narrative format and meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Formal ethical approval is not required as no primary data is collected. This systematic review will identify the scope and magnitude of physical problems associated with PICS during the first year after discharge from @entity1213 and will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and at conference meetings, to inform practice and future research on the physical problems associated with PICS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42015023520.

title: Impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions experienced in the first year following a XXXX : protocol for a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critical illness']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['care syndrome']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2704 @entity10 is common in pediatrics and is frequently assessed in emergency departments. Altered @entity8526 , including prolongation of the QTc interval on electrocardiogram, has been observed in adults during @entity2704 @entity10 and resolves interictally. Prolonged QTc is associated with life-threatening @entity943 , and many acute and prophylactic therapies for @entity2704 can further prolong the QTc interval. It is the objective of this prospective cohort study to examine whether the QTc interval prolongs significantly during periods of acute @entity2704 @entity10 in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 ages 6 to 17 years presenting to the emergency department with acute @entity2704 @entity10 were recruited prospectively. Exclusion criteria included the use of @entity1162 medications and medical illnesses, including @entity65 , @entity281 , or @entity542 . Paired, one-tailed Student t tests compared QTc intervals with and without @entity10 and evaluated for QTc prolongation of 30 ms or longer during @entity10 . RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity2704 (mean age, 11.6    2.6 years) were evaluated. Mean QTc interval during @entity10 was significantly longer than the QTc interval in the absence of @entity10 (437.9    27.7 ms compared with 419.3    29.9 ms; p = 0.04). Three @entity1 (23%) had unequivocal prolongation of the QTc (>460 ms) during the @entity2704 , two of which normalized with @entity10 resolution. The mean increase in QTc during @entity10 did not reach or exceed 30 ms (p = 0.86) CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to illustrate a connection between QTc prolongation and acute @entity2704 @entity10 in @entity1 . If confirmed in future studies, @entity1 should be monitored for QTc prolongation during the acute treatment of @entity2704 in the emergency department when using medications that can lengthen the QTc interval.

title: QTc Prolongation in Acute Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'Migraine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac conduction']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTc-prolonging']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['Migraine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that older @entity1 in a regional @entity583 ( @entity583 ) transfer program would attain comparable treatment to younger @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Older @entity1 have been either excluded or underrepresented in @entity583 clinical trials. Observational studies suggest that these @entity1 are less likely to receive adjunctive pharmacologies and reperfusion therapy-thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-and therapy is frequently delayed. METHODS: We identified a consecutive series of 2,262 @entity583 @entity1 (March 2003-December 2008) who either presented or were transferred to Abbott Northwestern Hospital for PCI (<65 years [n = 1285], 65-74 years [n = 436], 75-84 years [n = 381], and >= 85 years [n = 160]). Main outcome measures included time-to-reperfusion therapy, adjunctive medications received, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Overall time-to-reperfusion therapy was similar across age strata-94 minutes (<65 years), 101 minutes (65-74 years), 106 minutes (75-84 years), and 103 minutes (>= 85 years). No difference in adjunctive antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications was seen at hospital admission, and only slight differences in standard post- @entity583 medication use were seen by age at hospital discharge. Age was an independent predictor of in-hospital and yearly mortality up to 5 years (1-year mortality 3.4% [<65 years], 9.2% [65-74 years], 15.2% [75-84 years], and 28.9% [>= 85 years]; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity1 receive similar care to younger @entity1 when treated in a regional @entity583 transfer program. Although all-cause mortality in the elderly is increased, the absolute rates are lower than previously established. Our data suggest primary PCI (including transfer) can be applied to all appropriate @entity583 @entity1 , regardless of age.

title: Impact of age on treatment and outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The failure of @entity1 to take medicines in a way that leads to clinical benefit is a major challenge. A consensus has emerged that, on average, compliance sufficient to obtain therapeutic objectives occurs about half the time, with noncompliance contributing to therapeutic failure in the other half. These figures refer to simple oral regimens. There has been little work assessing compliance/concordance with complex treatment regimens for @entity483 . Asthma schools led by specialist nurses have been shown to improve knowledge, use of therapies and clinical outcome. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of education and demonstration of topical therapies by specialist dermatology nurses on therapy utilization and severity of @entity483 . METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity483 attending a paediatric dermatology clinic were followed for up to 1 year. At each visit the parent's knowledge about @entity483 and its treatment and therapy utilization was recorded. The severity of the @entity484 was recorded using the six area, six sign @entity483 severity score (SASSAD) and parental assessment of itch, @entity25 and @entity146 . At the first visit a specialist dermatology nurse explained and demonstrated how to use all of the topical treatments. This education was repeated at subsequent visits depending on the knowledge of the parent. RESULTS: At baseline less than 5% of parents had received/recalled receiving any explanation of the causes of @entity484 or demonstration of how to apply topical treatments. The @entity484 was poorly controlled in all @entity1 (mean SASSAD 42.9). Of the @entity1 , 24% were not being treated with any emollient cream/ointment; the mean use was 54 g weekly. Of the @entity1 , 25% were being inappropriately treated with potent or very potent topical @entity230 . Following repeated education and demonstration of topical therapies by a specialist dermatology nurse, there was an 89% reduction in the severity of the @entity484 . The main change in therapy utilization was an 800% increase in the use of emollients (to 426 g weekly of emollient cream/ointment) and no overall increase in the use of topical @entity230 , accounting for potency and quantity used. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces the importance of specialist dermatology nurses in the management of @entity483 . It also confirms the opinion of @entity1 , @entity1 support groups, dermatologists and best practice guidelines that the most important intervention in the management of @entity483 is to spend time to listen and explain its causes and demonstrate how to apply topical therapies.

title: Comparison of parent knowledge, therapy utilization and severity of XXXX before and after explanation and demonstration of topical therapies by a specialist dermatology nurse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema', 'atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic eczema']


abstract: The intermediate filament nestin is transiently expressed in developing skeletal muscle. In the present investigation, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the presence of nestin, as well as @entity2277 and @entity2283 , in skeletal muscle affected by two diseases characterized by various degrees of @entity39 and muscle regeneration: @entity1555 and @entity5442 . Nestin-positive areas were found in all analyzed muscle biopsies of both diseases. The same areas were, in most cases, also positive for @entity2277 and stained more intensely for @entity2283 than surrounding myofibers. Only nestin was found specifically in @entity121 muscle fibers; @entity2277 was in addition present in muscle fibroblasts and @entity2283 in all myofibers. The areas staining positive for nestin were typically basophilic, small-diameter myofibers, often with centrally located nuclei. With the interesting exception of a 73-year-old healthy control with abundant ring fibers, nestin was not detected in the muscle of healthy controls. The intracellular distribution of nestin in the @entity121 muscle fibers, as well as in the ring fibers, was confined to the vicinity of Z-bands. The presence of nestin protein in @entity121 regenerating areas and in ring fibers correlated more closely to the presence of @entity2283 than to @entity2277 immunoreactivity. Our results suggest that nestin is specifically expressed in newly formed muscle fibers also during regeneration, and that nestin may serve as a useful marker of regenerating muscle fibers in pathological conditions.

title: Myofibers from XXXX and @entity5442 express the intermediate filament nestin.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy']


abstract: @entity1 receiving chemotherapy for @entity3052 were prospectively followed up to determine the frequency, nature and outcome, of episodes of @entity281 during a 6 or 12 month period at each of the participating centres. A total of 605 cycles of chemotherapy were surveyed. Of these, 490 cycles were received by @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and 115 by @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). 241 episodes of @entity281 were recorded during the survey: 179 among @entity981 @entity1 and 62 among @entity1 of @entity981 . Infections were more common during chemotherapy for @entity981 than for @entity981 , occurring in 54% (62/115) and 36% (179/490) of chemotherapeutic cycle respectively. A favorable response to empiric antibacterial agents was seen in 39% (23/59) of episodes in @entity981 @entity1 and 77% (134/174) of episodes among @entity981 @entity1 . Infection presented as fever of unidentified origin in an overwhelming majority (63%) of episodes. @entity1902 and @entity55 occurred with a frequency of 11% and 10% while the frequency of all other diagnoses was 3% or less. Overall, @entity526 and Candida were the most frequently isolated organisms while @entity794 and Group A Streptococci were the most frequent isolates from blood and throat swabs, respectively. A high degree of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents was seen among the most frequently isolated organisms. About 75% of episodes of @entity281 which did not respond to antibacterial agents responded to empiric systemic antifungal therapy; although fungi were mycologically isolated in only a quarter of these instances. @entity11876 occurred in association with 3% of chemotherapeutic cycles.

title: Infections in the immunocompromised host: a prospective multicenter survey in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity11876 :: ('MESH:D009959', 'Disease') :: ['Oropharyngeal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to report a novel electrocardiographic (ECG) phenomenon in @entity1151 characterized by @entity1162 with global T-wave inversion. METHODS: Among a total of 140 study @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity1151 , @entity1 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for @entity1162 with global T-wave inversion were examined. Each of these @entity1 had undergone a detailed clinical evaluation including testing for @entity296 and echocardiography. RESULTS: @entity1162 with global T-wave inversion was found in five @entity1 (age 51-68 years) with @entity1151 . Four were @entity1 . @entity1151 was diagnosed by ventilation-perfusion scan in three @entity1 and by spiral computed tomography in other two @entity1 . None of the @entity1 had any right or left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities on echocardiography. All @entity1 had changes characteristic of hemodynamically significant @entity1151 , including right ventricular stunning or hypokinesis and dilatation in five @entity1 with @entity10107 in four. @entity1187 was ruled out in each @entity1 by clinical evaluation, serial ECGs and cardiac markers, and lack of regional wall motion abnormalities on echocardiography. @entity1162 (QTc 456-521 ms) with global T-wave inversion was noted on presentation. The ECG changes gradually resolved in 1 week in all @entity1 with appropriate treatment of @entity1151 . One @entity1 died. None of the @entity1 developed @entity1166 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1151 may occasionally result in reversible @entity1162 with deep T-wave inversion, and, thus should be considered among the acquired causes of the @entity1162 .

title: XXXX with global T-wave inversion: a novel ECG finding in @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['Acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsade de pointes']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'Acute pulmonary embolism', 'acute pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical septal motion']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome', 'QT interval prolongation', 'Prolongation of QT intervals']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QT interval prolongation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuum of care between health institutions is one of the basic elements of healthcare quality. In this article we present a study that was conducted in an acute @entity146 hospitalization unit for adolescent population. The present study analyzes the perception of professionals from community @entity146 care centers on the continuum of care provided to the @entity1 hospitalized in this unit. METHOD: A self-administered and anonymous questionnaire was mailed to each of the mental health centers that refer @entity1 to the unit. The instrument used is a self-created questionnaire, based on previous tools developed for primary healthcare institutions. The data were analyzed and action plans were defined for the improvement of those areas with a lower score. RESULTS: The response rate was 71.4 %. All the items have an average rate higher than 3 on a scale of 1 to 5. The items with a higher score are the possibility to exchange opinions with the professionals of the unit and the knowledge of the doctor responsible for the @entity1 during the hospitalization. The items with a lower level of satisfaction are the referral procedure and the unit's resources. CONCLUSION: The study provides data on the perception that professionals from mental health out- @entity1 centers have about the coordination with the Unit. This data has been found to be useful to define improvement initiatives that will improve the continuum of care.

title: Evaluation of the continuation of care between XXXX hospitalization units and the outpatient clinics in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: We evaluated six @entity1 in whom MR imaging showed unilateral cerebral @entity8568 associated with ipsilateral @entity194 and ipsilateral brain stem @entity194 . The aim of this study was to clarify whether this disorder based on neuroimaging constitutes a new homogeneous clinical entity. The subjects were six @entity1 whose ages at the time of MR imaging ranged from 8 months to 11 years. Their clinical and MR features were analyzed. All of the @entity1 were born between 38 and 42 weeks gestation, without any significant perinatal events. Spastic @entity1158 and @entity302 were observed in all of the @entity1 , and @entity1032 was observed in four. The MR findings included unilateral cerebral @entity8568 associated with @entity1779 and ipsilateral brain stem @entity194 in all @entity1 . The ipsilateral sylvian fissure was hypoplastic in four @entity1 . These @entity1 showed relatively homogeneous clinical and neuroimaging features. Although the additional clinical features varied according to the site and the extent affected by the @entity8568 , this disorder could constitute a new relatively homogeneous clinical entity.

title: Unilateral cerebral XXXX with @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy']

answer: @entity8568 :: (MESH:D065706,Disease) :: ['polymicrogyria']


abstract: @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ), one of the major sequelae of the current @entity2953 , has been shown to be a @entity325 . This study compares the efficacy and safety of two broad-spectrum combination drug regimens, @entity12092 with @entity3403 and @entity3398 with @entity3403 , in the treatment of @entity4134 . A total of 108 @entity1 with @entity697 were hospitalized and randomized into two treatment groups: @entity12092 / @entity3403 (N = 54) and @entity3398 / @entity3403 (N = 54). Before antibiotic administration, @entity11739 was identified in 17 (16%) of the @entity1 , @entity6368 from 72 (67%), and anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were identified from the endometrial cultures of 86 (80%). There were seven @entity43 ( @entity43 ) that were diagnosed in the @entity12092 group, and six in the @entity3398 group. Clinical cure was achieved in 51 of 54 (94%) @entity1 in each group. Of the six @entity1 whose treatment failed, all had positive cultures for @entity6368 and facultative/anaerobic bacteria, whereas none had @entity11739 . Two @entity1 from each study arm whose treatment failed were diagnosed with @entity43 and responded subsequently to @entity3402 plus an @entity4028 . Cultures that were obtained after the completion of inpatient treatment showed the eradication of @entity11739 and @entity6368 in all @entity1 . Also, both regimens were effective in reducing aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. Finally, both regimens were well tolerated, with few side-effects.

title: Comparison of @entity12092 plus @entity3403 with @entity3398 plus XXXX in the inpatient treatment of @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['tubo-ovarian abscesses', 'TOAs']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute salpingitis']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity12092 :: ('MESH:D015313', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotetan']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infection']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'Pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydia trachomatis', 'C. trachomatis']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['doxycycline']


abstract: Although the etiology of @entity1963 and @entity528 remains obscure, both have histological abnormalities involving @entity4494 cells and neuronal elements. Searching for a common pathway that may inhibit normal maturation of neurogenic precursors, we examined the possible role of an immune mechanism in the maldevelopment of the enteric neural network. Six @entity1 with @entity1963 were studied by comparing biopsy specimens from diseased colon with ones taken from proximal ganglionic colon in the same @entity1 . These were similarly compared with colonic biopsy specimens from @entity1 studied with chronic @entity1142 or bowel removed at the time of operation for other disorders. Biopsies were taken from four other @entity1 with @entity528 . Each was examined by @entity1710 _ @entity1711 staining, acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigens. All rectal samples from @entity1963 @entity1 exhibited elevated acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and absent ganglia to confirm the diagnosis. These findings were correlated with marked elevation of class II MHC in the aganglionic area, whereas the proximal normal ganglionic segments showed no elevation. Rectal biopsy specimens from @entity1 with chronic @entity1142 exhibited no such elevation. A similar elevation of class II MHC was detected in the mucosa and submucosa of all four @entity1 with the rare @entity528 whose diagnosis was confirmed by giant ganglia in Auerbach's plexuses, aberrant Meissner's @entity5932 , and giant neurofibrils in the mucosa and submucosa. The correlation of elevated class II MHC in these two @entity528 may indicate an underlying autoimmune mechanism as is seen in @entity1374 and @entity1723 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ectopic class II major histocompatibility antigens in @entity1963 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia in the lamina propria mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal intestinal dysplasia', 'neuronal dysfunction disorders', 'neuronal intestinal dysplasia disorder']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal intestinal dysplasia']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Our findings have implications for early diagnosis and for the identification of @entity1 at increased risk. BACKGROUND: Invasive @entity5 of the pancreas frequently are preceded by and associated with a spectrum of preneoplastic changes. We investigate the presence of @entity984 mutations and allelic loss at 5q and 18q loci in @entity1613 associated with nine cases of invasive @entity1124 . METHODS: We precisely microdissected 115 foci of normal, preinvasive, and invasive foci from paraffin-embedded sections. RESULTS: 1. @entity984 mutations occur early in the pathogenesis of @entity788 . Mutations were identified in multiple preneoplastic foci associated with al six cases in which ras mutations were present in the corresponding invasive @entity5 , including nearly all foci of mucous cell and @entity1373 , in some cases of @entity1377 (40%), and in one example of morphologically normal epithelium. 2. Ras mutations in preneoplastic foci are widespread, occur distant from the invasive @entity5 , and may present multiple mutations. Two, and in one case three, different types of @entity984 mutations were found in separate preneoplastic foci from three individual cases. 3. Evidence for a "second hit" in the ras gene (i.e., loss of wild-type allele or amplification of the mutant allele) was present in some @entity5 and may be associated with the invasive process. 4. In contrast to ras mutations, limited data suggest that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 5q and 18q are relatively late events.

title: @entity984 mutations and allelic loss at 5q and 18q in the development of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures of the proximal humerus are common in elderly @entity1 , especially in osteoporotic bone. Requirements for surgical treatment are high primary stability to allow early functional physiotherapy. The Non-Contact Bridging (NCB) Plate for the proximal humerus (PH) is a new head locking system for treating @entity174 of the proximal humerus which allows minimally invasive surgery (MIS). METHODS: In this contribution, the implant and technique are described, as well as the analysis of the first clinical results after 61 procedures. RESULTS: In a mainly elderly @entity1 population (mean: 73 years, range: 50-91 years) 61 minimally-invasive procedures were performed. The placement of screws led to a high primary stability. @entity177 occurred in one case (1.69%). The average constant score after 6 months was 62 points (age related mean 72). CONCLUSIONS: Using the MIS-technique, the NCB-PH plate provides high primary stability, allowing functional treatment without postoperative limitations. The first clinical results show a good functional outcome in a mainly elderly @entity1 population.

title: [The Non-Contact Bridging Plate. A new fixed-angle device for the minimally-invasive treatment of XXXX of the proximal humerus--technique and preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Primary implant failure']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Insulin resistance in old, compared with young, @entity1 and animals has been well documented. The resistance is due primarily to @entity121 . In the present study, skeletal muscle sarcolemmal membranes were purified from five age groups of female Fischer @entity35 ranging from 2 to 24 mo. Basal specific @entity413 transport was not significantly different among any of the groups. Maximum insulin-stimulated transport was progressively decreased from 96.4 +/- 5.0 pmol.mg-1.15 s-1 in the 2-mo-old animals to 70.8 +/- 8.9 pmol.mg-1.15 s-1 in the 24-mo-old animals. Most of the decrease occurred during maturation, and in fact there was no significant difference in maximum transport among the 8-, 16-, and 24-mo-old @entity35 . The decrease in insulin-stimulated transport in the 24-mo-old animals was due to a reduction in the number of @entity413 transporters translocated into the sarcolemma membrane (9.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 7.8 +/- 0.6 pmol/mg protein). The intracellular or microsomal pool of @entity413 transporters was not significantly different between the 2- and 24-mo-old animals (8.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 8.5 +/- 0.9/mg protein). Western blotting revealed no differences in the cellular @entity19617 contents between the 2- and 24-mo-old @entity35 . The number of insulin receptors (2.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.5 pmol/mg protein) was not significantly different. @entity669 kinase activity of the insulin receptor was, however, significantly reduced in the 24-mo-old compared with the 2-mo-old animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of maturation and aging on the skeletal muscle XXXX transport system.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['defects in skeletal muscle']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'D-glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate whether the @entity460 channel blocker @entity3988 affects the threshold for @entity2224 during @entity2332 in @entity235 . Ten @entity235 were cooled from 37 to 25 degrees C and rewarmed to 37 degrees C. The threshold for @entity2224 was determined at body temperatures 37, 34, 31, 28 and 25 degrees C by programmed electrical stimulation using a stimulation protocol which involved application of maximal five extrastimuli. At 25 degrees C, six @entity235 were given an i.v. bolus dose of 100 micrograms.kg-1 followed by a continuous infusion of 100 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 of @entity3988 . The other four @entity235 , were given no drugs at 25 degrees C and served as a control group. The @entity235 were rewarmed, and the stimulus protocol was performed at the same temperatures as during cooling. Cooling from 37 to 25 degrees C reduced the threshold for @entity2224 in both groups. Heart rate were reduced, monophasic action potential duration at the apex and base of the heart increased from 167 +/- 5 ms to 469 +/- 17 ms and from 164 +/- 5 ms to 466 +/- 17 ms, respectively, when the temperature was reduced. The ventricular effective refractory period increased from 176 +/- 9 ms at 37 degrees C to 472 +/- 15 ms at 25 degrees C. Cooling increased QRS time on the ECG from 55 +/- 4 ms to 138 +/- 13 ms. Addition of @entity3988 at 25 degrees C did not affect the threshold for @entity2224 during rewarming. Further, @entity3988 at 25 degrees C did not affect the heart rate or refractoriness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX does not increase @entity2224 threshold during @entity2332 .

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'diltiazem hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['Diltiazem']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity41 ( @entity41 ) detected during remission might predict outcome in @entity1 with @entity981 . No population-based studies have been carried out. We studied all @entity1 with @entity981 presenting over 5 years within a defined population to determine its clinical importance. PROCEDURE: @entity1 were investigated for the presence of unique clonal rearrangements of @entity7513 and T-cell receptor genes. Unique @entity1 specific probes were used to detect, by polymerase chain reaction, the presence of clonal markers indicating @entity41 in mononuclear cells obtained from marrow samples at 1, 3, 5, and 24 months. The effect of @entity41 on event-free survival was determined. RESULTS: Seventy-seven of 120 @entity1 with @entity981 had informative markers and samples of remission marrow suitable for testing. Presence or absence of @entity41 did not significantly affect outcome. Gender (P < 0.04) and white cell count (P < 0.04) were independent prognostic factors. Analysis of only those cases with detectable @entity41 showed that cases with one blast per 100 mononuclear cells, or more, 28 days after starting treatment did worse than those with lower levels (hazard ratio 7.77, P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Mere presence or absence of @entity41 is probably too crude a measure to be useful and worse than other standard prognostic indicators. A threshold of 10(-2) blasts at 28 days might be discriminatory, but should not be over-interpreted. The number of @entity1 available for this analysis (31) was small, the threshold and sampling points were arbitrary and any effects could be treatment regimen-specific. Large prospective studies are needed.

title: A demographic study of the clinical significance of minimal residual disease in XXXX with @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'Minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the ability of neuropsychological tests to determine the side of @entity410 onset for preoperative assessment in @entity1 with drug-resistant @entity1315 . METHODS: Twenty-nine consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), in whom the epileptogenic focus was clearly identified and localized to either the right or left hemisphere. @entity1 underwent a full neuropsychological assessment as part of their pre-surgical investigation, including the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and a variety of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III) subtests. Two multivariate analyses of variance were carried out to assess differences on memory and language measures between groups according to side of epileptogenic focus. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to find the sets of tests that best predicted the side of @entity410 onset (determined by EEG and MRI). RESULTS: Memory multivariate analysis of variance failed to show significant differences between the right- and left-sided groups. Among language measures, only the BNT revealed significant differences between the groups. The neuropsychological measures that best predicted the side of @entity410 onset were the BNT and Visual Reproduction II. CONCLUSIONS: Language measures predict the side of @entity410 focus better than memory measures. The results of this study in a sample of drug-resistant @entity1315 @entity1 challenge the memory material-specific theory for the side of @entity410 focus.

title: Neuropsychological tests with lateralizing value in XXXX with @entity1315 : reconsidering material-specific theory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2432 is a @entity12354 causing @entity294 in young @entity291 . This cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of @entity2432 infected herds in a sample of Swedish dairy herds and to identify potential risk factors associated with shedding of oocysts. Fifty dairy herds, selected by stratified random sampling, were included. The herds were visited once during the indoor seasons of 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. Faecal samples were collected from 10 @entity291 , 10 young stock and 5 @entity291 in each herd. Clinical observations of sampled animals and environmental status were recorded, and farmers were interviewed about management procedures. Faecal samples were cleaned by @entity2827 flotation and detection of oocysts was made by epifluorescence microscopy. @entity2432 -like oocysts were found in 96% of the herds. Prevalence was 52% in @entity291 , 29% in young stock and 5.6% in @entity291 . Three two-day-old @entity291 shed oocysts. @entity2432 andersoni was found in seven animals from four different herds. Factors associated with prevalence of shedders among sampled animals in a herd were age at weaning, cleaning of single @entity291 pens, placing of young stock, system for moving young stock, and year of sampling. Factors associated with shedding in @entity291 were age, placing of young stock, routines for moving young stock and time @entity291 stays with the @entity291 . The only significant factor in young stock was age. In @entity291 , number of @entity291 in the herd and type of farming (organic vs. conventional) affected shedding.

title: Prevalence and associated management factors of XXXX shedding in 50 Swedish dairy herds.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum', 'Cryptosporidium']

entities_list: @entity12354 :: ('MESH:D011528', 'Disease') :: ['protozoan parasite']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity2432 :: (5807,Species) :: ['Cryptosporidium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of @entity1211 , acute @entity583 , and @entity385 among transdermal contraceptive system users compared with users of @entity20169 -containing oral contraceptives with 35 mcg @entity2082 . METHODS: We began with insurance claims data from UnitedHealthcare. We identified @entity1 exposed to the transdermal contraceptive system or @entity20169 -containing oral contraceptives from April 2002 through December 2004. Outcomes were confirmed from medical records. We calculated incidence rates and age-adjusted incidence rate ratios. In a nested case-control analysis, we investigated and controlled for confounding. RESULTS: There were 49,048 @entity1 -years of transdermal contraceptive system exposure and 202,344 @entity1 -years of @entity20169 -containing oral contraceptives exposure. There was a more than two-fold increase in the @entity1211 rate (incidence rate ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.8) among transdermal contraceptive system users (20 cases, 40.8 per 100,000 @entity1 -years) compared with @entity20169 -containing oral contraceptives users (37 cases, 18.3 per 100,000 @entity1 -years). Acute @entity583 occurred in three transdermal contraceptive system users compared with seven among @entity20169 -containing oral contraceptives users (incidence rate ratio 1.8, 95% CI 0.5-6.8). No @entity64 occurred among transdermal contraceptive system users, whereas 10 occurred among @entity20169 -containing oral contraceptives users. In the nested case-control analysis, after exclusions for high-risk factors, the odds ratio for @entity1211 was 2.4 (95% CI 1.1-5.5). CONCLUSION: There was a more than two-fold increase in the risk of @entity1211 associated with use of the transdermal contraceptive system. Acute @entity583 and @entity64 occurred too rarely to ascertain precise risk estimates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: @entity1211 , XXXX , and @entity64 among transdermal contraceptive system users.

entities_list: @entity20169 :: ('MESH:C017576', 'Chemical') :: ['norgestimate']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Biventricular repair of aortic @entity1146 (or severe @entity2333 ) is possible in the presence of a @entity1757 and normal left ventricle. We considered whether primary biventricular repair was a safe alternative in all cases, even in the presence of interrupted aortic arch. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent primary biventricular repair consisting of a combination Norwood-type reconstruction of the aortic arch, baffle of the left ventricle to both semilunar roots, and conduit placement from the right ventricle to pulmonary arteries. RESULTS: Between January 1995 and January 2005, a total of 21 @entity1 underwent primary biventricular repair at a median age of 5 days and a median weight of 3.0 kg. @entity2333 was present in 7 and @entity472 in 14; 6 had interrupted aortic arch. All @entity1 with @entity472 had annular diameters 3 mm or smaller. Median circulatory arrest time was 55 minutes, aortic crossclamp time was 56 minutes, and total support time was 99 minutes. In-hospital survival was 100%. Postoperative echocardiography in 19 @entity1 demonstrated no significant outflow tract obstruction. Total stay was a median of 17 days. At midterm follow-up, there has been 1 late death, and reoperation has been necessary in 10 cases. CONCLUSION: Primary biventricular repair is a safe alternative to staged repair in all cases of @entity2333 with @entity1757 and normal left ventricle.

title: Early results of single-stage biventricular repair of severe @entity2333 or XXXX with @entity1757 and normal left ventricle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic atresia', 'aortic hypoplasia']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: Differentiated trophoblast cell lineages arise from @entity3567 ( @entity3567 ) cells. To date such a stem cell population has only been established in the @entity19 . The objective of this investigation was to establish @entity3567 cell populations from @entity35 blastocysts. Blastocysts were cultured individually on a feeder layer of @entity35 embryonic fibroblasts (REFs) in @entity26684 ( @entity26684 ) and heparin supplemented culture medium. Once cell colonies were established REF feeder layers could be replaced with REF conditioned medium. The blastocyst-derived cell lines, in either proliferative or differentiated states, did not express genes indicative of ICM-derived tissues. In the proliferative state the cells expressed established stem cell-associated markers of @entity3567 cells. Cells ceased proliferation and differentiated when @entity26684 , heparin, and REF conditioned medium were removed. Differentiation was characterized by a decline of stem cell-associated marker gene expression, the appearance of large polyploid cells (trophoblast giant cells), and the expression of trophoblast differentiation-associated genes. Collectively, the data indicate that the @entity35 blastocyst-derived cell lines not only possess many features characteristic of @entity19 @entity3567 cells but also possess some distinct properties. These @entity35 @entity3567 cell lines represent valuable new in vitro models for analyses of mechanisms controlling @entity3567 cell renewal and differentiation.

title: @entity26684 -dependent stem cells derived from XXXX blastocysts differentiate along the trophoblast lineage.

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblast stem', 'TS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The HandiHaler is a dry powder breath activated inhaler system developed for inhalation therapy for @entity1 with @entity1030 . Its operation is based on the evacuation of powder from a pierced capsule. We sought to document the inspiratory flow rates attained by @entity1 inspiring through the HandiHaler with various degrees of airflow limitation. Subjects with stable @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) were the study's population. An in vitro study of fine particle dose was conducted using an Andersen Cascade Impactor to assess medication delivery at low inspiratory flow rates. Subsequently, an in vivo study was conducted to determine inspiratory flow rates in @entity1 with @entity1030 as measured through a pneumotach with a custom coupler device with and without the HandiHaler. @entity1 were classified into three approximately equal groups of spirometric severity ranging from mild (46-65% predicted normal forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1]), to moderate (28-45%) to severe (< or = 27%). The in vitro study indicated delivery of medication at flow rates as low as 20 L/min. Twenty-six @entity1 completed the in vivo study (age 66.9 +/- 10.9 years, FEV1 = 1.02 +/- 0.45 l.). The median peak inspiratory flow rates attained in the mild (n = 8), moderate (n = 10), and severe (n = 8) categories were 45, 45.6, and 35.4 L/min respectively. The minimum peak inspiratory flow rates in the three groups were 28.2, 21.6 and 20.4 L/min. The HandiHaler device effectively delivers particles to the lung over a wide range of airflow limitation in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Effective delivery of particles with the HandiHaler dry powder inhalation system over a range of XXXX severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD', 'airway disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that intracoronary (IC) @entity1854 ( @entity9953 ) injection is a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of no-reflow (NR) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The present study tested the hypothesis that, on the basis of @entity715 aspiration for the treatment of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), the selective IC administration of a fixed dose of NTP (100  g) plus @entity6541 is a safe and superior treatment method compared with the IC administration of @entity6541 alone for the prevention of NR during primary PCI. A total of 162 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 , who underwent primary PCI within 12 h of onset, were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A, IC administration of a fixed dose of NTP (100  g) plus @entity6541 (10  g/kg) and group B, IC administration of @entity6541 (10  g/kg) alone (n=80 and n=82, respectively). The drugs were selectively injected into the @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) via a @entity715 aspiration catheter advanced into the @entity1188 . The primary end-point was post-procedural corrected thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) frame count (CTFC). The proportion of complete (>70%) ST-segment resolution (STR); the @entity296 ( @entity296 ) 2-3 ratio following PCI; the peak value of @entity908 kinase (CK)-MB; the TIMI flow grade; the incidence of major adverse @entity299 (MACEs) and the @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) after 6 months of follow-up were observed as the secondary end-points. There were no significant differences in the baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics between the two groups. Compared with group B, group A had i) a lower CTFC (23  7 versus 29  11, P=0.000); ii) a higher proportion of complete STR (72.5 versus 55.9%, P=0.040); iii) an enhanced @entity296 2-3 ratio (71.3 versus 53.7%, P=0.030) and iv) a lower peak CK-MB value (170  56 versus 210  48 U/l, P=0.010). There were no statistically significant differences in the final TIMI grade-3 flow between the two groups (92.5 versus 91.5% for groups A and B, respectively; P=0.956). The @entity1002 at 6 months was higher in group A than group B (63  9 versus 53  11%, respectively; P=0.001); however, the incidence of MACEs was not statistically different between the two groups, although there was a trend indicating improvement in group A (log rank   (2)=0.953, P=0.489). The selective IC administration of a fixed dose of NTP (100  g) plus @entity6541 via a @entity715 aspiration catheter advanced into the @entity1188 is a safe and superior treatment method compared with @entity6541 alone in @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing primary PCI. This novel therapeutic strategy improves the myocardial level perfusion, in addition to reducing the @entity1188 size. Furthermore, it may improve the postoperative clinical prognosis following PCI.

title: Intracoronary fixed dose of XXXX via @entity715 aspiration catheter for the prevention of the no-reflow phenomenon following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['TIMI myocardial perfusion grade', 'TMPG']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity6541 :: ('CHEBI:9605', 'Chemical') :: ['tirofiban']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'IRA', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity1854 :: (MESH:D009599,Chemical) :: ['nitroprusside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tenecteplase, a modified plasminogen activator with higher fibrin specificity and longer half-life, may have advantages over alteplase in acute @entity385 . AIMS: We undertook an individual @entity1 data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared alteplase with tenecteplase in acute @entity64 . METHODS: Eligible studies were identified by a MEDLINE search, and individual @entity1 data were acquired. We compared clinical outcomes including modified Rankin Scale at three months, early neurological improvement at 24   h, @entity1779 , symptomatic @entity1779 , and mortality at three months between all dose tiers of tenecteplase and alteplase. RESULTS: Three relevant studies (Haley et  al., Parsons et  al., and ATTEST) included 291 @entity1 and investigated three doses of tenecteplase (0.1, 0.25, 0.4   mg/kg). There were no differences between any dose of tenecteplase and alteplase for either efficacy or safety end points. Tenecteplase 0.25   mg/kg had the greatest odds to achieve early neurological improvement (OR [95%CI] 3.3 [1.5, 7.2], p   =   0.093), excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-1) at three months (OR [95%CI] 1.9 [0.8, 4.4], p   =   0.28), with reduced odds of @entity1779 (OR [95%CI] 0.6 [0.2, 1.8], P   =   0.43) compared with alteplase. Only 19 @entity1 were treated with tenecteplase 0.4   mg/kg, which showed increased odds of symptomatic @entity1779 compared with alteplase (OR [95% CI] 6.2 [0.7, 56.3]). CONCLUSIONS: While no significant differences between tenecteplase and alteplase were found, point estimates suggest potentially greater efficacy of 0.25 and 0.1   mg/kg doses with no difference in symptomatic @entity1779 , and potentially higher symptomatic @entity1779 risk with the 0.4   mg/kg dose. Further investigation of 0.25   mg/kg tenecteplase is warranted.

title: Tenecteplase versus alteplase in XXXX thrombolysis: An individual @entity1 data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke thrombolysis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the infection status of @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) and sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics in Taizhou district,Zhejiang province. METHODS: 39 099 cases aged between 5 and 95 years old (mean as 48.42 years) were involved during January 2010 to December, 2013 for this study. Sex ratio was 1 : 0.95. Yearly distribution of the number of cases were 5 031, 6 709, 11 902 and 15 457 in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. Gastric mucosal specimens were collected and @entity1534 strains were isolated and cultured in the same platform in Zhiyuan Medical Inspection Institute of Hangzhou. Resistance tests of all the @entity1534 isolates were performed to 6 commonly used antibiotics: @entity868 , @entity4581 , @entity115 , @entity801 , @entity800 and @entity15183 with the agar dilution method. The antibiotic resistance rates of @entity1534 strains isolated during year 2010-2013 and the changing trends were analyzed. RESULTS: Resistance rates to @entity800 and @entity4581 kept at higher level and the highest was in 2011 and then decreased in both 2012 and 2013 (P < 0.01). The resistance rates to both @entity800 and @entity4581 reached the highest in 2011 (P < 0.01), and decreased thereafter, with no significant change in 2013 to 2012 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic resistance rate against @entity868 for HP isolate was highest. Resistance rate against @entity115 and @entity15183 , @entity801 was low. Clinical treatment should choose @entity115 and @entity15183 , @entity801 . The resistance rates to @entity800 and @entity4581 had been seen at a significantly downwarding trend since 2011. However, the combined resistance rates to @entity800 and @entity4581 did not seem to reduce since 2012.

title: [Epidemiological study on antibiotic resistance among XXXX in Taizhou district, Zhejiang, 2010-2013].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity15183 :: ('MESH:D005664', 'Chemical') :: ['furazolidone']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed the extent to which individuals with surgically operable @entity5 in Southeast Asia experience financially catastrophic out-of-pocket costs, discontinuation of treatment, or @entity204 . METHODS: The ACTION study is a prospective, 8-country, cohort study of adult @entity1 recruited consecutively with an initial diagnosis of @entity5 from public and private hospitals. @entity1 were interviewed at baseline and 3 months. In this paper, we identified 4,584 @entity1 in whom surgery was indicated in initial treatment plans and assessed the following competing outcomes: @entity204 , financial @entity16839 (out-of-pocket costs of >30% of annual household income), treatment discontinuation, and hospitalization without financial @entity16839 incurred. We then analyzed a range of predictors using a multinomial regression model. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 72% were female and 44% had health insurance at baseline. At 3 months, 31% of @entity1 incurred financial @entity16839 , 8% had died, 23% had discontinued treatment, and 38% were hospitalized but avoided financial @entity16839 . Health insurance status was found to be associated with lower odds of treatment discontinuation (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.77) relative to hospitalization without financial @entity16839 . @entity1 had greater odds of financial @entity16839 than @entity1 (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05-1.74), whereas lower socioeconomic status (range of indicators) was generally found to be associated with higher odds of @entity204 , treatment discontinuation, and financial @entity16839 . CONCLUSION: Priority should be given to measures such as programs to extend social health insurance to offset the out-of-pocket costs associated with surgery for @entity5 faced in particular by @entity1 , the uninsured, and individuals of low socioeconomic status in Southeast Asia.

title: Financial XXXX , treatment discontinuation and @entity204 associated with surgically operable @entity5 in South-East Asia: Results from the ACTION Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophe']

answer: @entity16839 :: (MESH:D002388,Disease) :: ['catastrophe']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to estimate the association between two key aspects of self-regulation, 'task attentiveness' and 'emotional regulation' assessed from ages 2-3 to 6-7 years, and @entity4207 achievement when @entity1 were aged 6-7 years. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 3410) were @entity1 in the Longitudinal Study of Australian @entity1 . Parents rated @entity1 's task attentiveness and emotional regulation abilities when @entity1 were aged 2-3, 4-5 and 6-7. @entity4207 achievement was assessed using the @entity4207 Rating Scale completed by teachers. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association between developmental trajectories (i.e. rate of change per year) of task attentiveness and emotional regulation, and @entity4207 achievement at 6-7 years. RESULTS: Improvements in task attentiveness between 2-3 and 6-7 years, adjusted for baseline levels of task attentiveness, @entity1 and family confounders, and @entity1 's receptive vocabulary and non-verbal reasoning skills at age 6-7 were associated with greater teacher-rated literacy [B = 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04-0.06] and maths achievement (B = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03-0.06) at 6-7 years. Improvements in emotional regulation, adjusting for baseline levels and covariates, were also associated with better teacher-rated literacy (B = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01-0.04) but not with maths achievement (B = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.01-0.02) at 6-7 years. For literacy, improvements in task attentiveness had a stronger association with achievement at 6-7 years than improvements in emotional regulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that improved trajectories of task attentiveness from ages 2-3 to 6-7 years are associated with improved literacy and maths achievement during the early school years. Trajectories of improving emotional regulation showed smaller effects on @entity4207 outcomes. Results suggest that interventions that improve task attentiveness when @entity1 are aged 2-3 to 6-7 years have the potential to improve literacy and maths achievement during the early school years.

title: Are trajectories of self-regulation abilities from ages 2-3 to 6-7 associated with XXXX achievement in the early school years?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic', 'Academic']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['academic']


abstract: Dying is strikingly private and personal, and it breaks the interconnectedness of all @entity1 life. It is at such a time that the physician's humanity must touch the unique personhood of the afflicted if the @entity204 is to be "good". A physician's duty does not rest on the medical profession's code of conduct; it consists of the physician's moral obligation to a specific @entity1 in a specific situation. That @entity1 's entire identity--not just the physical being--is assaulted by @entity221 ; the emotional, familial, and social dimensions of selfhood are ravaged by the disease as surely as is the body. Each individual is involved in his or her suffering in a way that is unique and that cannot be understood or appreciated by anyone else. But the physician must try to bridge the distance that is placed around the sufferer by the dying process. And it is only with his or her own humanity that the care giver can accomplish this. That humanity should inform all decision making, and thus bring with it genuine control and comfort. In this way the @entity1 can truly "own" his or her own @entity204 . The @entity1 can thereby attain reason and courage, which together are the quality of grace.

title: Reason, courage, and grace: notes of a XXXX watcher.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['terminal illness']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity460 -channel blockers (CCBs) have been shown to afford protection against acute (ARF) and @entity177 ( @entity177 ). The effects of CCBs against @entity810 occur at both the vascular and tubular epithelial level. At the vascular level, experimental ARF-associated loss of @entity8 and @entity8 has been shown to be reversed by CCBs. These beneficial vascular effects of CCBs occur on the background of the finding that renal @entity63 is associated with an increase in cellular @entity141 concentration. A rise in tubular epithelial @entity141 concentration also occurs very early after a renal @entity63 insult. This effect of @entity63 is associated with evidence of membrane depolarization, opening of slow @entity460 channels, increased cellular @entity141 uptake, and reversal by CCBs. There is evidence that the increased cellular @entity141 uptake activates phospholipases, which prolong and increase membrane damage. Experimental @entity177 is also associated with increased renal cellular @entity141 concentration, an effect that can be attenuated by CCBs. The CCBs probably slow progression of @entity177 by both cytoprotective and antihypertensive effects. These findings of vascular and tubular effects of CCBs in experimental ARF and @entity177 have led to their clinical use to prevent @entity22 of cadaveric kidney transplants, @entity205 nephrotoxicity, radiocontrast-induced ARF, and progression of @entity177 . Randomized clinical studies are necessary to further examine the efficacy of CCBs in ARF and @entity177 .

title: Role of @entity460 -channel blockers in preventing acute and chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal autoregulation', 'hypersensitivity to renal nerve stimulation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal injury']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['initial dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injury']


abstract: The objective is to review the most common causes of @entity1018 in @entity1 with @entity6 with the goal of better managing @entity1 with @entity6 . In this review, the causes of @entity1018 , and the clinical evaluation and management of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) are outlined. @entity1 with @entity6 have an increased risk of @entity1018 . In @entity1 with @entity6 , the primary mechanism responsible for @entity1018 is centrally involved @entity1103 or @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ), defined as vascular leakage resulting in fluid accumulation that affects the center of the macula. @entity6 and @entity1103 are thought to result from the effects of excessive blood @entity413 on the vessels that produces @entity16 . The progression of @entity6 can be slowed by intensive glycemic and blood pressure control. Severe @entity227 from proliferative @entity6 and moderate @entity227 from @entity1103 can be reduced by laser photocoagulation. @entity6 and @entity1103 are diagnosed on dilated retinal examination and confirmed with diagnostic testing. Many experts and associations recommend that @entity1 with @entity6 have an yearly, thorough, dilated eye exam. This manuscript describes the case history of a @entity1 with @entity1018 .

title: How the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss', 'vision loss and blindness', 'diabetes and vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'DR', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic eye disease', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CSME', 'clinically significant macular edema', 'DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['diabetic eye loses vision']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High doses of @entity1732 administered to @entity1 with @entity706 lead to significant lung @entity137 in general, and to apoptosis of epithelial cells, in particular. Apoptosis of alveolar epithelium is an important step in the pathogenesis of @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 . The Fas- @entity12 pathway is one of the main apoptotic pathways involved. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein RNA-dependent DNA polymerase complex consisting of an RNA template and a catalytic protein, @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ). Telomerase also possess extra-telomeric roles, including modulation of transcription of anti-apoptotic genes, differentiation signals, and more. We hypothesized that telomerase overexpression affects Fas-induced epithelial cell apoptosis by an extra-telomeric role such as regulation of anti-apoptotic genes, specifically @entity1182 ( @entity1182 ). Telomerase in @entity19 (MLE) and @entity1 (A549) lung epithelial cell lines was upregulated by transient transfection using cDNA @entity2215 expression vector. Telomerase activity was detected using a real-time PCR-based system. @entity1732 , and @entity1732 -induced Fas-mediated apoptosis following treatment with anti-Fas activating mAb or control IgG, were assessed by @entity4404 staining, FACS analysis, and confocal microscopy; caspase cleavage by Western blot; @entity1182 or Fas molecule detection by Western blot and flow cytometry. @entity2215 transfection of lung epithelial cells resulted in a 100% increase in their telomerase activity. Fas-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis was significantly reduced in @entity2215 -transfected cells compared to controls in all experiments. Lung epithelial cells with increased telomerase activity had higher levels of @entity1182 expression but membrane Fas expression was unchanged. Upregulation of @entity2215 + in @entity1 lung epithelial cells and subsequent downregulation of @entity1182 by shFLIP-RNA annulled @entity2215 -mediated resistance to apoptosis. Telomerase-mediated @entity1182 overexpression may be a novel mechanism to confer protection from apoptosis in @entity1732 -exposed @entity1 lung epithelial cells.

title: Overexpression of Telomerase Protects XXXX and @entity19 Lung Epithelial Cells from Fas- and @entity1732 -Induced Apoptosis via FLIP Upregulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1182 :: ('8837', 'Gene') :: ['FLICE-like inhibitory protein', 'FLIP']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas and other tumors']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['TERT', 'hTERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To ascertain rates of @entity3119 among adolescents with @entity162 ( @entity162 ), unipolar @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity146 comparison @entity1 , to assess their relationships to suicidality, @entity716 , comorbidity patterns and familiality. METHODS: The first author ( @entity5099 ) interviewed 313 Latino adolescents using a structured interview based on the @entity915 . Family history was ascertained by live interview or interview by proxy. @entity1 were classified as @entity162 , @entity308 , or non-affectively ill comparison controls (CC). Data regarding suicidality and @entity716 were collected. Regression analysis was used to test associations and control for confounding effects. Positive likelihood ratios were used to measure the dose-response relationships between number of @entity148 and measures of severity of illness and familial loading for affective illness. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 36.7% were @entity162 , 44.7% @entity308 and 18.5% CC. In @entity162 vs. @entity308 the odds of @entity4697 were 4.4, of @entity3119 5.1, and of @entity913 3.3. @entity308 , in turn, were more likely to have these disorders than CC. @entity162 (but not @entity308 ) with @entity4697 and @entity913 , were more likely to have suicidal ideation; among the @entity148 , @entity913 was associated with having greater odds of suicide attempts. Among @entity162 and @entity308 , @entity1 with all three @entity148 were more likely to be @entity716 . Presence of any @entity1316 among first-degree relatives substantially increased the odds of having @entity4697 and @entity913 . The presence of one comorbid @entity148 increased the odds of having another. Finally, there were dose-response relationships between number of @entity148 and measures of severity of illness and familial loading for affective illness. LIMITATIONS: Single interviewer using the @entity915 ; cross sectional exploratory study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity162 adolescents have a greater @entity148 burden than their @entity308 counterparts. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that heavy familial-genetic loading for affective illness in juveniles is associated with bipolarity, cumulative @entity148 comorbidity, suicidality and @entity716 . These observations are in line with pioneering psychopathologic observation in the early 1900s by two French psychiatrists, Gilbert Ballet and Pierre Kahn, who saw common ground between what until then had been considered the distinct categories of the neuroses and cyclothymic (circular) psychoses. This perspective has much in common with current @entity74 .

title: Dose-response relationship between number of comorbid XXXX in adolescent @entity162 , and @entity716 , suicidality, substance abuse and familiality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BP']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['only social phobia', 'social phobia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex genetic models of anxious diatheses in bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'panic, obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and social phobic disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorders']


abstract: In certain subgroups of severely head-injured @entity1 , the mortality rate remains unacceptably high. The authors describe a randomized, controlled trial of prophylactic pentobarbital therapy in a group of these @entity1 . @entity4485 was started as soon as possible after the @entity542 , regardless of the @entity428 ( @entity428 ), and was continued for a prescribed period of time. The study included 53 consecutive head-injured @entity1 over the age of 12 years, who had either an acute intradural @entity1410 (subdural and/or intracerebral, large enough to warrant surgical decompression), or no mass lesion but whose best motor response was abnormal flexion or extension. All @entity1 in the study were randomly assigned to a control group (26 cases) or a @entity4485 -treated group (27 cases) once the diagnosis had been made and informed consent obtained. All @entity1 were treated with the same protocol of aggressive resuscitation, prompt diagnosis and treatment of mass lesions, and intensive care, with close follow-up monitoring. The randomization was effective in producing a close match between the control and treated groups with respect to age, sex distribution, cause of injury, neurological status, @entity1504 , prevalence of early systemic insults, midline shift, and @entity428 . Outcome was essentially the same in each group. There was no difference between groups in the incidence of @entity428 , the duration of @entity428 elevation, or the response of @entity428 elevations to treatment. Arterial @entity551 occurred in 14 @entity1 (54%) in the treated group and only two @entity1 (7%) in the untreated group. Based on these data the authors cannot recommend the prophylactic use of pentobarbital @entity772 in the treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity542 . They also believe that its use is accompanied by significant side effects which can potentially worsen the condition of a @entity1 with severe @entity542 .

title: Failure of prophylactic barbiturate @entity772 in the treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital', 'Pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated ICP', 'ICP', 'intracranial pressure', 'initial ICP']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: Some of the actions of @entity53 occur through stimulation of growth factor pathways in target organs. @entity669 -phosphorylated (Tyr(P)) @entity7423 ( @entity7423 ) and the @entity3241 are found in the uterus of @entity19 treated with @entity53 . Immunoprecipitates of uterine Tyr(P) @entity3241 contained both @entity57710 , the regulatory subunit of @entity4357 (PI) 3-kinase, and PI 3-kinase catalytic activity. @entity53 also stimulated binding of @entity3241 and PI 3-kinase to the @entity7423 . Depletion of @entity3241 from uterine extracts reduced PI 3-kinase associated with the receptor, which suggests that binding of the enzyme to @entity7423 occurs primarily in a complex that also contains @entity3241 . Following treatment with @entity53 , formation of Tyr(P) @entity7423 , Tyr(P) @entity3241 , and the @entity57710 . @entity3241 complex was very weak in the uterus of @entity7424 (m/m) @entity19 , which are severely deficient in @entity7424 . This indicated that most, if not all, of the @entity53 -stimulated Tyr phosphorylation of uterine @entity3241 originates from ligand activation of @entity7423 kinase. @entity3238 was also Tyr-phosphorylated in the normal uterus and bound more @entity7423 and @entity57710 in response to @entity53 ; however, a marked decrease in levels of uterine @entity3238 occurred 12-24 h after treatment with @entity53 . Since @entity3238 was present in @entity7423 precipitates and a recombinant form of @entity7424 (long R3 @entity7424 ) stimulated formation of Tyr(P) @entity3238 , hormonal activation of this docking protein probably occurs through the @entity7423 . In summary, our findings show that @entity172 activation of uterine @entity7423 kinase results in enhanced binding of @entity57710 (PI 3-kinase) to @entity3241 and @entity3238 . The formation of one or both of these complexes may be important for the potent mitogenic action of this @entity134 . That @entity53 stimulated a decrease of @entity3238 , but not of @entity3241 , suggests that these docking proteins have different roles in hormone-induced signaling in the uterus.

title: Insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity7424 ) receptor-insulin receptor substrate complexes in the uterus. Altered signaling response to @entity53 in the XXXX (m/m) @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity7423 :: ('16001(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1R', 'insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity3241 :: ('16367(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1', 'IRS-1']

answer: @entity7424 :: (16000(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IGF-1']


abstract: In the @entity35 @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) model of @entity64 , @entity460 antagonists, as well as competitive and noncompetitive @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) antagonists have been studied extensively by various groups. However, there are divergent conclusions concerning their efficiencies. These discrepancies may be due to the different experimental conditions and/or @entity35 strains used. In this study we have assessed in five commonly used @entity35 strains, under identical experimental conditions, the ability of one representative of each of these drug classes to reduce the @entity1188 size in this model. Drugs or corresponding vehicle were injected immediately after permanent unilateral @entity2500 and the @entity1188 volume was determined 48 hr later by magnetic resonance imaging. In vehicle-treated controls, the total @entity1188 volume was strain-dependent (range, 70-200 microliters), primarily due to variations in the cortex. The extent of total @entity1188 (up to 65%) elicited by the three drugs also was strain-dependent, the main effect and variation being observed in the cortex (range, 0-83% reduction). No difference in efficiency was seen between the competitive and noncompetitive @entity143 antagonist, whereas the @entity460 antagonist showed better results in all five strains. The potential to reduce the @entity1188 size in the @entity35 @entity2500 model with @entity460 or @entity143 antagonists depends upon the strain used. The exact reasons and mechanisms are presently not understood. Such knowledge would certainly add to the confidence in this model and would allow more accurate predictions concerning the clinical efficacy of drugs in @entity64 trials.

title: Strain-dependent drug effects in XXXX @entity2500 model of @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarct volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Recently, perfusion imaging has been of increasing interest in MRI. We applied this method for semiquantitative evaluation of hepatic parenchymal portal blood flow in @entity1 with @entity409 . Twenty @entity1 with @entity99 were divided according to the @entity1 's Classification and studied. @entity7241 ( @entity7241 ) was administered into the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and a dynamic series of T2*-weighted fast low angle shot (FLASH) images was obtained. We evaluated relative regional portal blood volume (rrPBV), mean transit time ( @entity98 ), and relative regional portal blood flow (rrPBF). The relationship between the rrPBV, rrPBF, and plasma @entity3194 retention rate test at 15 minutes (ICGR15 was also evaluated in 12 @entity1 . Both rrPBF and rrPBV are significantly decreased in @entity1 B _ C @entity1 compared with @entity1 A @entity1 . On the other hand, the @entity98 is significantly prolonged in @entity1 B _ C @entity1 compared with @entity1 A @entity1 . Significant correlations were also noted between rrPBV and ICGR15 and between rrPBF and ICGR15. By means of selective catheterization into the SMA, we were able to estimate rrPBV, rrPBF, and @entity98 . This method may play a clinical role for assessment of regional portal perfusion in various diseases with @entity409 .

title: Assessment of hepatic portal perfusion using T2 measurements of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse liver damage']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid', 'Gd-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hepatic damage']

answer: @entity7241 :: (MESH:D019786,Chemical) :: ['Gd-DTPA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have evaluated diverse allergens in paediatric populations. Consensus is still lacking on which allergens are most commonly implicated in @entity3408 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the proportion of positive reactions for allergens tested in @entity1 and to identify allergens with positive reactions in at least 1% of them. METHODS: This was a systematic review of studies in PubMed (1966-2010) investigating allergens in at least 100 enrolled @entity1 . Proportions of positive reactions for each allergen were combined with random effects models across studies. RESULTS: We included 49 studies with available data on 170 allergens. Each study tested a median of two allergens. Among the 94 allergens evaluated by at least two studies, 58 had estimates of positive reactions of at least 1% by random effects calculations, and for 21 of them the 95% confidence interval ensured that the proportion of positive reactions was at least 1%. The top five allergens tested by at least two studies included @entity9760 , @entity23896 , gold @entity15451 , @entity13084 , and @entity37426 ( @entity37426 ). For most allergens, the proportion of positive reactions was higher in studies published after 1995 than in earlier studies (p = 0.0065). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis offers guidance on which allergens are most prevalent in the paediatric population and should have priority for inclusion in standardized allergen series.

title: Allergens responsible for XXXX among @entity1 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity13084 :: ('MESH:D013849', 'Chemical') :: ['thimerosal']

entities_list: @entity37426 :: ('MESH:C007303', 'Chemical') :: ['p-toluenediamine', 'toluene-2,5-diamine']

entities_list: @entity15451 :: ('MESH:C017717', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium thiosulfate']

entities_list: @entity9760 :: ('MESH:C029938', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel sulfate']

entities_list: @entity23896 :: ('MESH:C031276', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium persulfate']

answer: @entity3408 :: (MESH:D017449,Disease) :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13266 is one of the most useful aromatic compounds. Despite its versatility and simple structure, @entity13266 production using microbes has not been reported previously. @entity25068 are aerobic, Gram-positive, mycelia-forming soil bacteria, and are known to produce various kinds of antibiotics composed of many aromatic residues. S. maritimus possess a complex @entity535 modification pathway and can serve as a new platform microbe to produce aromatic building-block compounds. In this study, we carried out @entity10555 fermentation using S. maritimus. In order to enhance @entity10555 productivity using cellulose as the @entity505 source, we constructed endo-glucanase secreting S. maritimus. RESULTS: After 4 days of cultivation using @entity413 , @entity8692 , or starch as a @entity505 source, the maximal level of @entity10555 reached 257, 337, and 460 mg/l, respectively. S. maritimus expressed b-glucosidase and high amylase-retaining activity compared to those of @entity14936 and @entity25068 . In addition, for effective @entity10555 production from cellulosic materials, we constructed endo-glucanase-secreting S. maritimus. This transformant efficiently degraded the @entity8718 swollen cellulose (PASC) and then produced 125 mg/l @entity10555 . CONCLUSIONS: Wild-type S. maritimus produce @entity10555 via a plant-like b-oxidation pathway and can assimilate various @entity505 sources for @entity10555 production. In order to encourage cellulose degradation and improve @entity10555 productivity from cellulose, we constructed endo-glucanase-secreting S. maritimus. Using this transformant, we also demonstrated the direct fermentation of @entity10555 from cellulose. To achieve further @entity10555 productivity, the @entity10841 availability needs to be improved in future.

title: XXXX fermentation from starch and cellulose via a plant-like b-oxidation pathway in @entity25068 maritimus.

entities_list: @entity13266 :: ('MESH:D019817', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoic acid', 'Benzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8692 :: ('MESH:D002475', 'Chemical') :: ['cellobiose']

entities_list: @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['L-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['S. coelicolor', 'Streptomyces']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity13266 :: (MESH:D019817,Chemical) :: ['Benzoic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4675 Background: The prognosis for @entity1 with progressive or recurrent invasive @entity150 is generally poor. Best responses are seen when @entity1 are treated with a @entity900 based combination chemotherapy. Unfortunately, poor renal function and performance status precludes use of @entity900 in all @entity1 . Identifying those @entity1 who may benefit from a non- @entity902 combination is important. Poor Performance status and presence of visceral @entity3 identifies @entity1 who are at a higher risk of relapse and lower survival. METHODS: @entity1 with histological proven metastatic @entity150 , who have normal organ function and be able to give informed consent, were eligible. @entity1 received chemotherapy in the outpatient clinic with @entity1311 at110 mg/m(2,) q weekly day 1 and day 15 and @entity136 1000mg/m2 on day 1, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. @entity1 were evaluated after 2 cycles of therapy with CT scans and bone scans. Response and survival were evaluated in the low risk and intermediate/high risk group. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (65%) had an objective response rate. Complete responses were seen in 17% of @entity1 . The median duration of response was 5 months and the @entity137 was mild. The median survival was 7.5 months. Grade 3/4 hematological toxicities included @entity221 and @entity1398 (9%) and @entity417 requiring blood transfusions (18%). The most common nonhematologic @entity137 was @entity1295 (36%), @entity448 (27%), @entity1910 , paraesthesia and @entity925 (18%. All @entity1 with low risk disease had a response compared to 27% in intermediate/high risk group (P=0.001) Conclusions:The combination of @entity1311 and @entity136 given in a q 2 week regimen is very well tolerated and has significant activity in good risk @entity1 with metastatic transitional cell @entity150 and disease. @entity900 based chemotherapy is essential for @entity1 with visceral @entity3 or impaired performance status. [Table: see text].

title: @entity136 and XXXX chemotherapy effective for good risk advanced urothelial malignancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study tested the validity of an automated @entity1068 dispensing apparatus that is capable of identifying individual monkeys and precisely measuring their levels of @entity1068 consumption while living in a social group, and assessed individual subjects' level of consumption when alone and in social groups. METHODS: In Experiment 1, 21 @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ) were given access for 1-h each day to the dispensing apparatus, which contained an @entity14006 -sweetened 8.4% (v/v) @entity1068 solution. Measurements of blood @entity1068 concentrations were taken for each subject and compared with the level of consumption recorded by the apparatus for those subjects. To examine the possibility that competition among the animals limited their access to the dispensing unit, in Experiment 2, 10 of the subjects used in Experiment 1 were singly housed to allow them to drink without interference from other monkeys. A correlation was then performed to assess the interindividual relationship between the amount of @entity1068 consumed in these two housing conditions. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, the volume of solution measured and recorded by the apparatus correlated positively with the true volume dispensed. Furthermore, the volume of solution reported by the computer to have been consumed by an individual subject correlated positively with blood @entity1068 concentrations. In Experiment 2, the volume of @entity1068 consumed by individual subjects in single cages correlated positively with their consumption in the social group. CONCLUSIONS: The apparatus accurately identified and measured individual patterns of @entity1068 consumption among socially housed animals. Additionally, individual differences in @entity1068 consumption remained stable across settings, as shown by the strong positive correlation between drinking in a social setting versus drinking alone. This finding may thus reflect an individual's constitutional proclivity to consume @entity167 .

title: A computerized apparatus designed to automatically dispense, measure, and record XXXX consumption by individual members of a @entity2608 social group: trait-like drinking across social- and single-cage conditions.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity14006 :: ('MESH:D001218', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartame']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The adult @entity19 submandibular salivary gland provides a good model system to study gene regulation during normal and abnormal cell behavior because it synthesizes functionally distinct products ranging from growth factors and digestive enzymes to factors of relevance to homeostatic mechanisms. The present study describes the long-term growth and differentiation of submandibular salivary epithelial cells from adult male @entity19 as a function of the culture substratum. Using a two-step partial dissociation procedure, it was possible to enrich for ductal cells of the granular convoluted tubules, the site of @entity6354 synthesis. Long-term cell growth over a period of 2 to 3 mo. with at least 3 serial passages was obtained only within three-dimensional collagen gels. Cells grew as ductal-type structures, many of which generated lumens with time in culture. Electron microscopic analysis in reference to the submandibular gland in vivo revealed enrichment for and maintenance of morphologic features of granular convoluted tubule cells. Reactivity with a keratin-specific monoclonal antibody established the epithelial nature of the cells that grew within collagen. Maintenance of cell differentiation, using immunoreactivity for @entity6354 as criterion, was determined by both cytochemical and biochemical approaches and was found to be dependent on the collagen matrix and hormones. Greater than 50% of the cells in primary collagen cultures contained @entity6354 only in the presence of @entity251 and @entity1954 . In contrast, cells initially seeded on plastic or cycled to plastic from collagen gels were virtually negative for @entity6354 . Biochemical analysis confirmed the presence of a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 6000 which comigrated with purified @entity19 @entity6354 . @entity6354 was also present in detectable levels in Passage 1 cells. This culture system should permit assessment of whether modulation of submandibular gland ductal cell growth can be exerted via a mechanism that in itself includes @entity6354 and its receptor and signal transduction pathway.

title: XXXX submandibular salivary epithelial cell growth and differentiation in long-term culture: influence of the extracellular matrix.

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']