abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association of ageing with @entity28 commits elderly @entity1 and has been correlated with multiple degenerative processes, which could be occasioned by an enhancing in levels of @entity1476 (MMPs) as well by an cytokine unbalance that included an enhancing on @entity650 ( @entity650 ). Furthermore, other factors could be also related to degenerative process, as they could be reduced by eccentric resistance exercise (ERE), which seems particularly important to initiate resistance training in @entity28 older adults. In this view, this study aims to determinate the effects of an acute ERE session on serum @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity650 in elderly @entity28 @entity1 . Ten elderly @entity28 @entity1 participated in this study and completed a 10 repetitions maximum test (10 RM) utilizing leg extension exercise. Subjects then completed an acute ERE session consisting of seven sets of 10 repetitions at 110% of 10 RM with a rest of 3  min between sets. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 3, 24 and 48  h following the ERE session. Zymograms were utilized to measure the @entity1476 and @entity1495 enzymes from all individuals. Moreover, @entity650 concentration was also determinated. After ERE session, @entity1476 and @entity1495 decreased, remaining significantly below baseline values after 48  h (P<0  05). Although not statistically significant, there was a tendency for @entity650 to decrease 48  h after the ERE when compared with 3  h (P  =  0  06). An acute ERE session decreases @entity1495 , @entity1476 and @entity650 in elderly @entity28 @entity1 , possibly indicating a transient protection against the @entity32 present in this specific population.

title: Acute eccentric resistance exercise decreases matrix metalloproteinase activity in @entity28 elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['low grade inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2', 'matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiac computed tomographic (CT) scans for the assessment of coronary @entity460 scores include approximately 70% of the lung volume and may be useful for the quantitative assessment of @entity2415 . The reproducibility of lung density measures from cardiac computed tomography and their validity compared to lung density measures from full-lung scans is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) performed paired cardiac CT scans for 6814 @entity1 at baseline and at follow-up. The MESA-Lung Study assessed lung density measures in the lung fields of these cardiac scans, counting voxels below -910 HU as moderate-to-severe @entity2415 -like lung regions. We evaluated: 1) the reproducibility of lung density measures among 120 randomly selected @entity1 ; 2) the comparability of measures acquired on electron beam CT (EBCT) and multidetector CT (MDCT) scanners among 10 @entity1 ; and 3) the validity of these measures compared to full-lung scans among 42 @entity1 . Limits of agreement were determined using Bland-Altman approaches. RESULTS: Percent @entity2415 measures from paired cardiac scans were highly correlated (r = 0.92-0.95) with mean difference of -0.05% (95% limits of agreement: -8.3, 8.4%). Measures from EBCT and MDCT scanners were comparable (mean difference -0.9%; 95% limits of agreement: -5.1, 3.3%). Percent @entity2415 measures from MDCT cardiac and MDCT full-lung scans were highly correlated (r = 0.93) and demonstrated reasonable agreement (mean difference 2.2%; 95% limits of agreement: -9.2, 13.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Although full-lung imaging is preferred for the quantification of @entity2415 , the lung imaging from paired cardiac computed tomography provided a reproducible and valid quantitative assessment of @entity2415 in a population-based sample.

title: Reproducibility and validity of lung density measures from cardiac CT Scans--The Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA) Lung Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We present the case of a @entity174 due to a @entity235 bite in a 9 month old female. @entity235 bites in this age group are rare as are @entity174 mandibles. There are only two reported cases of @entity174 mandibles due to @entity235 bites in the literature. This is the youngest. The other reported cases were in a 1 year old and also in a 4 year old. CASE PRESENTATION: A 9 month old female was brought by her parents to the Emergency Department after sustaining a @entity235 bit to the face. This was assessed by the emergency physicians and deemed to be superficial. The @entity1 wounds were irrigated, and she was given oral antibiotics. She was transferred to our department were she was assessed under anaesthetic. A fracture of her mandible was discovered and treated with open reduction and internal fixation. CONCLUSION: The case presentation highlights the important of proper assessment of facial lacerations for not only neurovascular status and the parotid duct, but also the hard tissues. The case also highlights the difficulty of treating @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity174 of the mandible and the importance of follow-up to monitor growth.

title: @entity235 bite- fracture of the mandible in a 9 month old XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured', 'fractured mandible']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: A prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial was done to evaluate @entity691 versus metal bearing surfaces in total hip replacement. Forty-one @entity1 were randomized to receive either a metal (23 @entity1 ) or a @entity691 (18 @entity1 ) insert. The femoral and acetabular components were identical with the acetabular insert the only variable. @entity1 were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using radiographs, multiple outcome measures (Western Ontario MacMaster University Score, Harris hip score, Short Form-12), erythrocyte metal ion analysis ( @entity1953 , @entity3407 , @entity702 ), and urine metal ion analysis ( @entity1953 , @entity3407 , @entity702 ). @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (mean 3.2 years; range, 2.2-3.9 years). There were no differences in radiographic outcomes or outcome measurement tools between @entity1 . @entity1 receiving a metal-on-metal articulation had significantly elevated erythrocyte and urine metal ions compared with @entity1 receiving a @entity691 insert. @entity1 who had metal-on-metal inserts had on average a 7.9-fold increase in erythrocyte @entity1953 , a 2.3-fold increase in erythrocyte @entity3407 , a 1.7-fold increase in erythrocyte @entity702 , a 35.1-fold increase in urine @entity1953 , a 17.4-fold increase in urine @entity3407 , and a 2.6-fold increase in urine @entity702 at 2 years followup. @entity1 receiving a @entity691 insert had no change in erythrocyte @entity702 , urine @entity1953 , or urine @entity3407 and a 1.5-fold increase in erythrocyte @entity1953 , a 2.2-fold increase in erythrocyte @entity3407 , and a 4.2-fold increase in urine @entity702 . Forty-one percent of @entity1 receiving metal-on-metal articulations had increasing metal ion levels at the latest followup.

title: Metal-on-metal versus XXXX in hip arthroplasty: a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in @entity1149 remains controversial. Limited data indicate that PORT may benefit @entity1 with involved N2 nodes. This study evaluates this hypothesis in a large retrospective cohort treated with chemotherapy and contemporary radiation techniques. METHODS: The National Cancer Data Base was queried for @entity1 diagnosed 2004-2006 with resected @entity1149 and pathologically involved N2 (pN2) nodes also treated with chemotherapy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess factors associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score was used to reduce selection bias. @entity1349 was compared between @entity1 treated with versus without PORT using the adjusted Kaplan-Meier estimator and weighted log-rank test based on IPTW. RESULTS: Two thousand and one hundred and fifteen @entity1 were eligible for analysis. 918 (43.4%) received PORT, 1197 (56.6%) did not. PORT was associated with better @entity1349 (median survival time 42 months with PORT versus 38 months without, p = 0.048). This effect was significant in multivariable and IPTW Cox models (hazard ratio: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.78-0.98, p = 0.026, and hazard ratio: 0.89, 95% confidence interval: 0.79-1.00, p = 0.046, respectively). No interaction was seen between the effects of PORT and number of involved lymph nodes (p = 0.615). CONCLUSIONS: PORT was associated with better survival for @entity1 with pN2 nodes also treated with chemotherapy. No interaction was seen between benefit of PORT and number of involved nodes. These findings reinforce the benefit of PORT for N2 disease in modern practice using the largest, most recent cohort of chemotherapy-treated pN2 @entity1 to date.

title: Postoperative Radiotherapy is Associated with Better Survival in XXXX with Involved N2 Lymph Nodes: Results of an Analysis of the National Cancer Data Base.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['overall survival', 'OS']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: Eighty-nine consecutive @entity1 attending for day-case colonoscopy were randomly allocated either @entity968 /balanced electrolyte ( @entity970 ) mixture (n = 45) or a @entity2656 /Picolax mixture (n = 44). Both preparations were administered in two fractions. @entity1 recorded their experience of the preparation on a questionnaire and one of two experienced endoscopists (unaware of the type of preparation given) assessed the result of bowel cleansing. @entity544 insufflation was used for all examinations. Good/excellent bowel cleansing occurred in significantly more @entity1 given @entity970 , 43 (96%), than those allocated @entity2656 /Picolax, 34 (77%), p = 0.01. More @entity1 receiving @entity2656 /Picolax were able to complete the preparation in full than @entity1 receiving @entity970 (38 vs 27, p = 0.01). More @entity1 found the taste of @entity2656 /Picolax pleasant compared to @entity970 (46% vs 20%). Both preparations had a similar side-effect profile. Of those @entity1 tested, 13% receiving @entity2656 /Picolax had a postural drop in blood pressure and blood parameters suggestive of mild @entity2700 . A fractionated administration of @entity970 as a bowel preparation for day-case colonoscopy is well tolerated and superior as a cleansing agent to a @entity2656 /Picolax combination. Provided @entity544 is used as the insufflating agent, @entity2656 /Picolax is an acceptable alternative in fit, young @entity1 intolerant of @entity970 .

title: The quest for a more acceptable bowel preparation: comparison of a @entity968 /electrolyte solution and a XXXX /Picolax mixture for colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide', 'Carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome and confounding factors associated with the development of a @entity867 in solid organ transplant recipients. DESIGN: A 14-year retrospective survey. SETTING: A single, multiorgan, academic transplantation center. @entity1 : A total of 2380 liver transplant recipients, 1650 kidney transplant recipients, and 598 heart, @entity299 , or lung transplant recipients of all ages (pediatric and adult) were included. All @entity1 were given @entity205 -based immunosuppression during this period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A @entity867 was determined to be present it there was histological and/or microbiological confirmation of a @entity75 seen by a computed tomographic scan. A @entity867 was considered suspicious if radiographic findings were seen in the clinical setting of neurologic symptoms and @entity221 without histological or microbiological confirmation. RESULTS: A @entity867 developed in a total of 28 @entity1 (0.61%) of the total study population. The frequency of @entity867 according to organ type was as follows: 0.63%, liver; 0.36%, kidney; and 1.17%, heart and @entity299 . The overall mortality was 86%. Complicating factors associated with fungal (Candida and Aspergillus sp) abscess formation included major subsequent operations, retransplantations, antirejection therapy, associated @entity2259 or @entity646 , and @entity177 . The lung was the primary site of dissemination in 18 @entity1 . Low-dose prophylactic @entity2379 was ineffective in preventing a @entity867 in 10 high-risk @entity1 . Because of the ineffective therapy and the deadly nature of established fungal abscesses, full-dose antifungal therapy and reduced immunosuppression were warranted on identification of a high-risk clinical setting. @entity733 (Nocardia and Toxoplasma sp) occurred in healthy graft recipients long after transplantation. The existing medical therapy is usually effective in these @entity1 , provided that rapid tissue diagnosis is established. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological features of @entity867 formation after solid organ transplantation suggest 2 populations of @entity1 exist that differ in timing, clinical setting, and response to therapy. For the chronically immunosuppressed outpatient, an established abscess should be empirically treated with @entity13135 until tissue diagnosis is confirmed. On the other hand, the acutely immunosuppressed posttransplant recipient, with defined risk factors, should receive full-dose therapy with @entity2379 and concomitantly lowered immunosuppression.

title: XXXX in solid organ transplant recipients receiving @entity205 -based immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin', 'amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['Nonfungal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart-lung']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess', 'fungal brain abscess']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['Brain abscess']


abstract: The authors explored the prevalence and impact of the @entity65 factors (CVRFs) in @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). During a five-month period in 2007, six adjacent Middle Eastern countries participated in the Gulf Registry of acute coronary events. CVRFs were identified on admission. @entity1 ' characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were analyzed across the types of @entity1187 . Among 6704 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1187 , 61% had non-ST elevation @entity1187 (NSTEACS) and 39% had @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Female sex, old age, @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity2299 , and @entity28 were more prevalent in NSTEACS @entity1 . @entity583 @entity1 were more likely to be smokers and less likely to be taking @entity117 prior to the index admission. @entity177 ( @entity177 ) and @entity6 were independent predictors of in-hospital @entity712 in NSTEACS, while @entity177 and @entity101 were predictors of @entity583 . Female sex and @entity177 were independent predictors of mortality in @entity583 (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.13 and odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.47-7.73, respectively). Assessment of the prevalence of CVRF in the acute coronary presentation is of important prognostic value for in-hospital morbidity and mortality. CVRF and its impact may differ according to @entity1187 type, age, and sex. @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. To achieve a significant reduction in the prevalence of @entity301 , it is essential to adopt effective preventive strategies with adequate awareness of the epidemiology of @entity65 factors (CVRFs).1 CVRFs include traditional and nontraditional factors. However, the US Preventive Services Task Force concluded that the evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of using nontraditional risk factors.2,3 The World Health Organization has recognized @entity28 , @entity101 , @entity1007 , and smoking among the top10 traditional risk factors for @entity204 and morbidity.4 Since these risk factors are usually evident before developing @entity301 , knowledge of their prevalence in a given population allows the prediction of the likely burden of @entity301 .3 The American Heart Association has recognized many risk factors; some can be modified, treated, or controlled and some can not.5 The more risk factors present, the greater the likelihood of developing @entity301 . Currently, most reports for prevention of @entity301 are mainly derived from European centers and suggest that risk factors for @entity301 are varying from country to country.6 However, data from the Arab Middle East that evaluate the prevalence and impact of these risk factors in acute coronary events are scarce.4,7,8 We explore the prevalence of CVRFs in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) who are living in the Arab Middle East and the impact of these factors on in-hospital @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and mortality. Copyright    2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.

title: Prevalence and impact of XXXX factors among @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 in the middle East.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: Worldwide, the incidence of @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is increasing. The development of an effective prevention program would provide a promising opportunity to control this disease. We applied the 'plating efficiency index' of @entity3569 lung fibroblasts to demonstrate the presence of cytotoxic effects in saliva samples from @entity5 @entity1 as well as from healthy probands. Correlations between individual risk factors and the cytotoxic effects of saliva specimens were analysed and evaluated. Saliva samples were obtained from male @entity1 (n=43) with @entity189 of the upper aerodigestive tract, and from a healthy age-matched male control group (n=131) with different @entity286 and @entity167 consumption habits. The extraction of non-stimulated sober saliva was chosen for this investigation. In vitro @entity137 of the saliva was detected using the permanent @entity1 cell line V79 (lung fibroblasts) of @entity3569 . The determination of the plating efficiency index was made in the logarithmic growth phase of the initial cell culture. A reduction in cell colonies (plating efficiency) of at least 50% was defined as strongly cytotoxic. A significant direct correlation was found between daily @entity286 consumption and the reduction of plating efficiency (p<0.0001). We found only a moderate increase in the @entity137 of tested saliva samples in correlation with daily @entity167 uptake. The difference between @entity5 @entity1 and healthy probands was highly significant (chi(2) test; p=0.001). Using the method of logistic regression analysis, we found a 3.6-fold increased @entity5 risk in probands with cytotoxic saliva (p<0.001). According to our results, the plating efficiency index seems to be a suitable method for the detection of increased @entity5 risk. In combination with several effective biomarkers on cytogenetic end-points, it may help to establish biomonitoring programs for secondary @entity5 prevention.

title: Saliva as a biomarker for XXXX : in vitro detection of cytotoxic effects by using the plating efficiency index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster', 'Chinese hamsters']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our experience with unilateral versus bilateral stent placement in the treatment of @entity4264 (SVCS). METHODS: The records and films of 84 consecutive @entity1 (69 @entity1 ; mean age 64+/-10 years, range 39-79) referred for stent placement in malignant SVCS were reviewed for venous compromise, technical and clinical success, complications, and reocclusions. Wallstents were placed covering the @entity6480 and both (bilateral technique) brachiocephalic veins ( @entity21168 ) preferentially; unilateral stenting of only one @entity21168 in addition to the @entity6480 was performed based on operator preference or inability to access both sides. Technical success was defined as the ability to stent the @entity6480 and at least one @entity21168 ; clinical success was the elimination of SVCS symptoms. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 83 (99%) @entity1 , using the unilateral technique in 22 and bilateral stenting in 61 @entity1 . The groups did not differ with regard to age, sex, underlying diseases, or location and extent of venous compromise. Immediate clinical success was achieved in 20 (91%) of 22 @entity1 in the unilateral group and 55 (90%) of 61 @entity1 in the bilateral group. Two @entity1 suffered late occlusion in the unilateral group, while in the bilateral group, 8 @entity1 had early occlusion and 9 had late occlusion. Thus, the total occlusion rate was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the unilateral group. There was 1 other complication (pericardial tamponade) in the bilateral group, for a 28% total complication rate, which was significantly higher (p=0.039) than the 9% in the unilateral group. The 1, 3, 6, and 12-month primary stent patency rates were 90%, 81%, 76%, and 69%, respectively. Patency tended to last longer in the unilateral group, but the difference was not significant (p=0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Although bilateral Wallstent placement achieved equal technical and clinical success, it tended to confer shorter-lived patency and caused more complications.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX : is bilateral wallstent placement superior to unilateral placement?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['malignant superior vena cava syndrome']

answer: @entity4264 :: (MESH:D013479,Disease) :: ['malignant superior vena cava syndrome']


abstract: Coastal dolphins are regarded as indicators of changes in coastal marine ecosystem health that could impact @entity1 utilizing the marine environment for food or recreation. Necropsy and histology examinations were performed on 35 Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins ( @entity3999 ) and five Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa plumbea) incidentally caught in shark nets off the KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa, between 2010 and 2012. Parasitic lesions included @entity55 (85%), @entity11534 (75%), @entity1902 (70%), @entity99 (62%), and @entity7288 (42%). Parasitic species identified were Halocercus sp. (lung), Crassicauda sp. (skeletal muscle) and Xenobalanus globicipitis (skin). Additional findings included bronchiolar epithelial mineralisation (83%), @entity4558 (45%), non-suppurative @entity5422 (39%), and @entity296 (26%). No immunohistochemically positive reaction was present in lesions suggestive of @entity29123 , @entity3204 and Brucella spp. The first confirmed cases of @entity19547 and @entity37241 in South African dolphins were documented. Most lesions were mild, and all animals were considered to be in good nutritional condition, based on blubber thickness and muscle mass. Apparent temporal changes in parasitic disease prevalence may indicate a change in the host/parasite interface. This study provided valuable baseline information on conditions affecting coastal dolphin populations in South Africa and, to our knowledge, constitutes the first reported systematic health assessment in incidentally caught dolphins in the Southern Hemisphere. Further research on temporal disease trends as well as disease pathophysiology and anthropogenic factors affecting these populations is needed.

title: A systematic health assessment of indian ocean bottlenose ( XXXX ) and indo-pacific humpback (Sousa plumbea) dolphins incidentally caught in shark nets off the KwaZulu-Natal Coast, South Africa.

entities_list: @entity19547 :: ('MESH:D060368', 'Disease') :: ['lobomycosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3999 :: ('79784', 'Species') :: ['Tursiops aduncus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity37241 :: ('MESH:D012523', 'Disease') :: ['sarcocystosis']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic filamentous tags']

entities_list: @entity29123 :: ('37131', 'Species') :: ['dolphin morbillivirus']

entities_list: @entity11534 :: ('MESH:D012700', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal and thoracic serositis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Species) :: ['Tursiops aduncus']


abstract: Bereitschaftspotential (BP) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) were simultaneously recorded during a voluntary wrist flexion in 10 @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) treated with L-Dopa therapy and 10 control subjects. BP and @entity137 were analyzed 2 s before and 0.5 s after the movement, during two successive left and right experimental conditions. @entity137 (9-11 Hz) was computed from 11 source derivations (frontocentral, central, parietocentral). The BP was averaged from these 11 electrodes. For the BP, no spatiotemporal difference was found between the two groups. BP began bilaterally over the 3 groups of electrodes, 1250 ms before movement onset for the right flexion and 1500 ms for the left flexion. A contralateral predominance appeared 500 ms before movement onset over the central area. @entity137 began in the control group 1750 ms before movement over the contralateral central area, and then appeared bilaterally after its execution. In the @entity191 group, the @entity137 appeared with a shorter latency than in the control group, 1250 ms (left flexion) and 1000 ms (right flexion) before movement onset; diffusion over the ipsilateral side was found 500 ms before movement onset. @entity137 also involved the frontocentral area and could be interpreted as a compensatory activity of the supplementary motor area. These findings suggest that with @entity191 and control subjects, @entity137 gives additional and maybe more information than the BP about changes of cortical activity during the motor preparation period. In the @entity191 group the delay of @entity137 appearance seems to confirm that the programming of movement would be affected, thus explaining partially @entity910 .

title: Spatiotemporal study of Bereitschaftspotential and event-related desynchronization during voluntary movement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Event-Related Desynchronization', 'ERD']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian', "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity1945 ( @entity9919 ) on @entity1 @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Cell growth was measured by a @entity98 assay. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after staining with @entity4404 - @entity2823 and @entity2667 . The morphology of apoptotic cells was observed by @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). Furthermore, the antitumor effect on @entity2590 cells in xenotransplanted @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 was evaluated by @entity5 volume and survival. Western blot was used for determining the expression of topoisomerase I (Top1) protein. RESULT: The growth of @entity1 cells was suppressed by @entity9919 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibition in @entity1 cell growth (IC(50)) of @entity9919 for 72 h was 272 ng/L. The percentage of apoptotic cells observed in the @entity1 cells after exposure to @entity9919 (160 ng/L) in 48 h and 72 h was (54.16 +/-4.29)% and (72.97+/-6.12)%, respectively. @entity1579 showed the characteristics of apoptosis in @entity1 cells treated with @entity9919 . The xenotransplanted @entity466 @entity19 treated with @entity9919 showed inhibited @entity5 growth compared with control group. @entity9919 treatment resulted in a longer survival as compared with the control group (P<0.001) and with the @entity9188 -treated group (P<0.001). The cells exposed to @entity9919 exhibited a time-dependent decrease of Top1 protein expression. CONCLUSION: @entity9919 can inhibit @entity1 cell growth and induce apoptosis in vitro.The downregulation of Top1 may be involved in the apoptosis induced by @entity9919 . @entity9919 has a significant antitumor effect in vivo.

title: [Inhibition effect of XXXX on @entity1 @entity2590 cells in vitro and in vivo].

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['topotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influences on the psychological well-being of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 have received limited attention. Illness perceptions are a specific set of cognitive representations that have been shown to predict health-related outcomes in other @entity1 groups. This study sought to explore the role of illness perceptions in the psychological well-being of @entity712 @entity1 by creating a profile of illness perceptions in @entity712 and examining their relations with @entity148 and @entity308 . METHODS: @entity1 were 95 consecutive outpatients. Indices of psychological well-being were @entity308 and @entity148 , measured using the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS). Illness perceptions were measured using the Illness Perception Questionnaire - Revised (IPQ-R). Functional status was also determined using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. RESULTS: Illness perceptions were associated with indices of psychological well-being. Regression analyses showed that illness perceptions accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in both @entity308 and @entity148 . The contribution of illness perceptions was greater than that made by traditional covariates (socio-demographic variables and functional status). CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight dynamic interrelations between perceptions of illness and mental health indices. They also suggest that in considering the role of illness perceptions in psychological well-being, the primary focus should be on the overall dynamic of an individual's illness experience rather than on specific illness dimensions. Findings highlight the potential role of illness perceptions in @entity308 and @entity148 in @entity712 . This has implications for interventions to maximise psychological well-being in this @entity1 group.

title: The contribution of illness perception to psychological distress in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Fever is often an indication of a serious illness in @entity1 . In areas endemic to @entity311 , @entity580 check a febrile @entity1 for @entity311 parasites. @entity1 with a fever associated with @entity693 or @entity311 need immediate attention. To diagnose @entity693 : microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid obtained by lumbar puncture is the only reliable method. If a febrile @entity1 also has a stiff neck, health workers should immediately administer antibiotic treatment without waiting for the results of the lumbar puncture. If available and in epidemic situations, oily @entity2755 may be administered, since it is effective in a single dose. Treatment with other antibiotics should last for 10 days in @entity1 and 14-21 days for young @entity1 . To diagnose @entity311 in endemic areas: laboratory technicians should examine thick and thin blood films of sick @entity1 with fever. Health workers must consider as medical emergencies @entity1 who have a slide positive for @entity311 parasites plus severe @entity417 , @entity4053 , deep rapid breathing, any @entity8 or failure, or altered consciousness. They should begin antimalarial treatment with @entity4807 , the drug of choice for severe and complicated @entity311 . In cases of @entity410 lasting longer than 5 minutes, health workers should administer anticonvulsants and take actions to prevent @entity1174 . If the fever persists for 14 days or if the @entity1 does not emerge from unconsciousness and someone in the family has @entity378 , health workers should consider @entity1906 . If a @entity1 with @entity311 has low hemoglobin levels (5 g/dl) and many @entity311 parasites in the blood and is in @entity712 , a blood transfusion (15-20 ml/kg whole blood over 4 hours) and infusion of 1 mg/kg @entity1483 (to prevent @entity712 ) are needed. If the preceding case has @entity3126 , a single dose of @entity1483 at the same dosage is needed to prevent overloading of the circulation. Health workers should closely monitor that intravenous fluids not exacerbate @entity4 .

title: Managing @entity693 and severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infants', 'child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['indication of kidney malfunction']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure', 'cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['fursemide']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital workers should']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['active tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells are considered to be key players in the early innate responses to @entity12354 , primarily indirectly by producing @entity12028 ) in response to cytokines, like interleukin 12 (IL-12). We demonstrate that live, as well as heat-inactivated, tachyzoites of Neospora caninum, a Toxoplasma-like protozoan, directly trigger production of @entity12028 from purified, @entity8621 -activated @entity291 NK cells. This response occurred independently of IL-12 but was increased by the addition of the cytokine. A similar @entity12028 response was measured in cocultures of NK cells and N. caninum-infected autologous fibroblasts. However, no NK cell-derived @entity12028 response was detected when cells were cultured with soluble antigens from the organism, indicating that intact tachyzoites or nonsoluble components are necessary for NK cell triggering. Furthermore, N. caninum-infected autologous fibroblasts had increased susceptibility to NK cell @entity137 compared to uninfected fibroblasts. This @entity137 was largely mediated by a perforin-mediated mechanism. The activating receptor @entity42088 was involved in @entity137 against fibroblasts but could not explain the increased @entity137 against infected targets. Interestingly, N. caninum tachyzoites were able to infect cultured NK cells, in which tachyzoites proliferated inside parasitophorous vacuoles. Together, these findings underscore the role of NK cells as primary responders during a @entity12354 , describe intracellular @entity12354 of NK cells in vitro for the first time, and represent the first functional study of purified @entity291 NK cells in response to infection.

title: The protozoan Neospora caninum directly triggers XXXX NK cells to produce gamma interferon and to kill infected fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity12028 :: ('281237(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['gamma interferon (IFN-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity12354 :: ('MESH:D011528', 'Disease') :: ['protozoan infections', 'protozoan infection']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although early intravenous beta-blocker therapy during @entity583 ( @entity583 ) reduces the incidence of @entity943 in @entity1 not treated with thrombolytic agents, its antiarrhythmic effect in thrombolysed @entity1 remains controversial. We investigated prospectively the @entity943 incidence in 244 @entity1 with @entity583 receiving alteplase and a double-blind randomized adjunctive therapy with intravenous @entity2165 , @entity6231 , or placebo. Moreover, the characteristics and prognostic significance of early @entity943 and their relation with @entity1188 size and coronary patency were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring on day 1 and were clinically followed in the hospital for 10 to 14 days. Coronary angiography was performed on day 10 to 14. @entity2165 and @entity6231 significantly decreased the basic heart rate without causing more @entity16507 or higher-degree @entity713 . The prevalence of @entity955 in @entity6231 @entity1 was lower than in the atenolol @entity1 (P = .007) but not lower than in placebo @entity1 (P = .11). There was no effect of either agent on the incidence and frequency distribution of ventricular or supraventricular premature beats or on the incidence and characteristics of nonsustained @entity1165 , accelerated idioventricular rhythm, sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). On day 1, seven @entity2224 episodes were recorded in six @entity1 (2.5%) and five @entity1165 in five @entity1 (2%). @entity2224 always started at < 2.5 hours after start of thrombolytic treatment and @entity1165 always at > 2.5 hours (average of 6 hours). Five of the seven @entity2224 and three of the five @entity1165 started with an R-on-T. However, for all @entity1165 , the morphology of the first beat was the same as that of the following beats, suggesting that the sustained @entity943 was not induced by an extrasystole. After day 1 and before hospital discharge, @entity2224 and @entity1165 developed in one and six @entity1 , respectively. Three of the seven @entity1 who developed @entity2224 during the first 2 weeks underwent coronary angiography; all three had an occluded @entity1188 . In contrast, only one of nine @entity1 with early or late @entity1165 had an occluded vessel. @entity1 with @entity1165 and @entity2224 on day 1 had a significantly larger enzymatic @entity1188 size than those without the @entity943 (P = .02), and a similar trend was noted for @entity1165 or @entity2224 after day 1 (P = .19). However, none of the @entity1 with @entity1165 or @entity2224 on day 1 developed a life-threatening @entity943 later during the hospital stay. Also, none of the seven @entity1 with @entity1165 or @entity2224 after day 1 had experienced a major rhythm disturbance during the first 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Our data do not support the hypothesis that beta-blockers or bradycardiac agents might reduce the incidence of major @entity943 when used in conjunction with thrombolytic therapy. (2) The pathogeneses of @entity1165 and @entity2224 early during @entity583 are clearly distinct. (3) @entity1165 or @entity2224 during the first 2 weeks is a marker for a larger @entity1188 . (4) We could not detect a relation between malignant @entity943 on day 1 and recurrences within the following 2 weeks.

title: Significance of XXXX during the first 24 hours of @entity583 treated with alteplase and effect of early administration of a beta-blocker or a bradycardiac agent on their incidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6231 :: ('MESH:C022192', 'Chemical') :: ['alinidine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'VT episodes']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol', 'Atenolol']

entities_list: @entity16507 :: ('MESH:D054138', 'Disease') :: ['sinus arrest']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['fatal arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: Neuroimmune factors have been proposed as the contributors to the pathogenesis of @entity146 . The effects of female gonadal hormones on both neuroinflammation and @entity308 have also been well considered. In the present study, the capability of deletion of ovarian hormones to induce sickness-like behaviors in @entity35 was compared with the effect lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The groups were including Sham, OVX, Sham-LPS, and OVX-LPS. The Sham-LPS and OVX-LPS groups were treated with LPS (250    g/kg) two hours before conducting the behavioral tests. In the forced swimming (FST), the immobility times in both OVX and Sham-LPS groups were higher than that of Sham (P < 0.001). In open-field (OP) test, the central crossing number by OVX and Sham-LPS groups were lower than Sham (P < 0.001) while there were no significant differences between OVX-LPS and OVX groups. In elevated plus maze (EPM), the percent of entries to the open arm by both OVX and Sham-LPS groups was lower than that of Sham group (P < 0.001). The results of present study showed that deletion of ovarian hormones induced @entity146 in @entity35 which were comparable to the effects of LPS. Moreover, further investigations are required in order to better understand the mechanism(s) involved.

title: Deletion of ovarian hormones induces a sickness behavior in XXXX comparable to the effect of lipopolysaccharide.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sickness behaviors']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: To improve the drug concentration in liver metastases, @entity1205 was encapsulated in @entity968 -liposomes and administered regionally with degradable starch microspheres ( @entity9854 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rodent model of solitary metastasis (CC-531 @entity420 ) was studied. The animals were randomized into six groups and treated with 15 ng/kg @entity1205 : I: intravenous (i.v.). II: @entity970 -liposomes i.v.; III: intraartial (i.a.) via the hepatica artery; IV: i.a.) + @entity9854 ; V: @entity970 -liposomes i.a.; and VI: @entity970 -liposomes i.a. + @entity9854 . The @entity1205 concentration in the serum, liver and @entity96 at defined times (5, 15, 30, 60,120 240 min and 24 h) was measured using HPLC. RESULTS: The area under the concentration (AUC) versus time curves showed an 11-fold higher concentration in the @entity5 tissue when comparing the @entity1205 - @entity970 -liposomes i.a. + @entity9854 group to the i.v. group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Compared to intravenous therapy, i.a. therapy with @entity1205 - @entity970 -liposomes + @entity9854 results in higher @entity5 tissue concentrations.

title: Improvement of biodistribution with PEGylated liposomes containing @entity1205 with degradable starch microspheres for hepatic arterial infusion in the treatment of liver metastases: a study in CC-531 XXXX -bearing WAG RIJ rats.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumor']


abstract: SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Involvement of the hepatic veins requiring reconstruction has traditionally been considered a contraindication to resection for advanced @entity5 of the liver because the surgical risks are high and the long-term prognosis poor. Recent advances in liver surgery gleaned from split and live donor liver transplantation that necessitate hepatic vein reconstruction can be applied to hepatic resection in some cases. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection requiring hepatic vein reconstruction from 1996-2001 were reviewed. The mean age was 43 years (range 2-61). Nine @entity1 were resected for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), five @entity1 for colorectal metastases, and one @entity1 each for @entity4177 and @entity201 . In six @entity1 with @entity157 and @entity82 , the right hepatic vein was reconstructed to provide venous outflow to liver segments not adequately drained by a remaining major hepatic vein. Four of these six @entity1 required the use of Gore-Tex (W. L. Gore _ Associates, Inc., Newark, DE) interposition grafts. In the 10 other cases the entire venous outflow from the remnant liver was reconstructed or reimplanted into the inferior vena cava primarily (n = 8) or using segments of the portal vein from the resected side of the liver as a graft (n = 2). Ex-vivo procedures with the use of veno-venous bypass were required in two cases and in-situ cold perfusion of the liver was used in one case. RESULTS: There were two perioperative @entity204 (12%). One @entity1 died of @entity1578 3 weeks after right trisegmentectomy with reconstruction of the left hepatic vein and one @entity1 died at 3 months after resection due to sepsis from a segment of small bowel that perforated into a @entity2914 . Four @entity1 had evidence of @entity1578 that resolved with supportive management and one @entity1 required temporary dialysis. All vascular reconstructions were patent at last followup. With median followup of 23 months, 3 @entity1 have died of recurrent @entity5 at 14, 18 and 30 months, while an additional @entity1 went on to die of progressive @entity1578 at 22 months. Actuarial 1 and 3 year survival was 88% and 50% respectively. CONCLUSION: Hepatic vein involvement by @entity99 does not necessarily preclude resection. Liver resection with reconstruction of the hepatic veins can be performed in selected cases. The increased risk associated with the procedure appears to be balanced by the possible benefits, particularly when the lack of alternative curative approaches is considered.

title: Hepatic vein reconstruction for resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative liver failure', 'liver failure']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic tumors']


abstract: Changes in the mass and subunit structure of liver @entity6625 carboxylase (ACC) accompany altered nutrition in vivo. Enzyme activity in different tissues and cell lines is also, in part, determined by variations in both total mass and ACC isoenzyme composition. ACC isoenzyme mass and hetero/homo-isoenzyme association were quantified by three sandwich e.l.i.s.a. assays, i.e. an avidin-based assay that measured total isoenzyme mass and two antibody-sandwich assays which measure polypeptide association. Results from the avidin-based assay reveal that the two major isoenzymes, of molecular mass 265 kDa (ACC 265) and 280 kDa (ACC 280), are present in markedly variable concentration in several @entity35 and @entity19 tissues and in cell lines of @entity35 and @entity19 origin. Hepatic ACC mass has been reported to be distributed between mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions and to undergo only a change in subcellular distribution without alteration in total mass on induction/repression of activity in vivo [Roman-Lopez, Shriver, Joseph _ Alfred (1989) Biochem. J. 260, 927-930]. However, in the present study, immunoblotting and e.l.i.s.a. analysis reveals that, in @entity35 liver, the mass of both isoenzymes is predominantly cytosolic in distribution, is markedly diminished on fasting and rises 6-8-fold on refeeding of a high- @entity1735 diet. These data support the results of several other investigations of hepatic ACC mass, and are consistent with known nutritionally altered changes in ACC mRNA content. By the two antibody-sandwich e.l.i.s.a. assays, isoenzyme complexes either composed of both ACC 280 and 265 or with multiple copies of ACC 265 are detectable in @entity35 liver enzyme; their concentration varies independently of total ACC mass with the nutritional state of the @entity35 , being lowest in fasting and highest on fasting/refeeding. E.l.i.s.a. analysis, applicable to crude tissue/cell extracts, provides a simple, sensitive and quantitative measurement of ACC mass and subunit composition. Its use may permit needed quantitative insight into the role of variable total ACC and isoenzyme mass and of alterations in ACC subunit composition that occur in vivo or in isolated cells in response to a variety of hormonal and nutritional influences.

title: Immunological analysis of XXXX carboxylase mass, tissue distribution and subunit composition.

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity6625 :: (MESH:D000105,Chemical) :: ['acetyl-CoA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the late postoperative outcome and complication rate after lensectomy with primary @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) implantation for traumatic @entity231 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 11 @entity1 who were operated on for traumatic @entity231 after penetrating or blunt @entity2194 between 1997 and 2002. One @entity1 developed @entity231 due to a large rupture of the posterior capsule after blunt @entity130 . Ten @entity1 sustained a penetrating @entity4858 with (7 eyes) or without (3 eyes) intraocular foreign body (IOFB). In all @entity1 the @entity2790 was implanted at the beginning of the operation into the ciliary sulcus in front of the opaque lens followed by pars-plana lensectomy and vitrectomy. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 27.4 months. Eight eyes (72.7 %) achieved a final visual acuity of 0.5 or better. Major causes of limited visual acuity were central @entity267 causing irregular @entity940 . In all @entity1 the @entity2790 was safely and easily implanted into the ciliary sulcus. During the subsequent pars-plana lensectomy and vitrectomy as well as during the follow-up period all IOLs remained anatomically stable and well centered. In one @entity1 PVR @entity1713 had to be treated by pars-plana vitrectomy with @entity1346 oil tamponade. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2790 followed by pars-plana lensectomy is an easy and safe method to treat traumatic @entity231 in the setting of penetrating @entity2194 repair. It is associated with a favorable visual outcome and a low rate of @entity260 .

title: [Long-term results after XXXX following traumatic @entity231 ].

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal scars']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injury']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Epilenticular IOL implantation', 'IOL', 'epilenticular intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['epilenticular intraocular lens implantation']


abstract: The organizer anchors the primary @entity2085 , and balance between dorsal (organizer) and ventral domains is fundamental to body patterning. @entity58293 ( @entity58293 ) is a RING finger and four PDZ domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase. @entity58293 serves as a binding platform and may have a role in cell fate determination, but its in vivo functions are unknown. Here we show that @entity58294 ( @entity58293 -like) functions as a critical regulator of dorso-ventral axis formation in @entity3392 . Depletion of @entity58294 using specific antisense morpholinos (MOs) caused strong embryonic dorsalization. We identified @entity58295 ( @entity58295 , also known as @entity58295 or @entity58295 ) as a binding partner and substrate of @entity58294 . @entity58295 is a homeodomain-containing transcriptional repressor induced by canonical Wnt signalling that is critical for dorsal organizer formation. @entity58294 induced K48-linked polyubiquitylation of @entity58295 , leading to its proteasomal degradation in @entity1 293T cells and in @entity3392 embryos. Dorsalization induced by @entity58295 overexpression was suppressed by raising the level of @entity58294 , but @entity58294 failed to counteract dorsalization caused by mutant @entity58295 lacking a critical motif for @entity58294 binding. Furthermore, dorsalization induced by depletion of @entity58294 was alleviated by attenuation of @entity58295 expression. We conclude that @entity58294 modulates @entity58295 activity to prevent the invasion of ventral regions of the embryo by organizer tissue. These studies introduce a ubiquitin ligase, @entity58294 , as a balancing modulator of axial patterning in the @entity3392 embryo.

title: Organizer restriction through modulation of @entity58295 stability by the E3 ubiquitin ligase XXXX -like.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic axis']

answer: @entity58293 :: (561226(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['Lnx']


abstract: Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) secrete @entity1456 (tPA) in an active form and thus its facilitated secretion directly enhances fibrinolytic activity. We have recently demonstrated its unique secretory dynamics in GFP-tagged tPA expressing VECs using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. tPA-GFP appeared to remain on the cell surface after secretion. Studies using a domain-deleted mutant of tPA-GFP suggested that its binding to the cell surface was heavy-chain dependent. @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) facilitated dissociation of tPA-GFP by forming a high molecular weight complex. Lack of dissociation from the cell surface of catalytically inactive mutant tPA-GFP, which does not complex with @entity2289 , supported @entity2289 dependence of the disappearance of tPA from the VEC surface. To confirm the possibility that retained active tPA modified cell surface fibrinolytic activity, we analyzed binding of @entity28164 -labeled plasminogen (plg-568) in tPA-GFP expressing cells. Plg-568 appeared to accumulate at tPA-GFP-retained spots as well as in pericellular/matrix adhesive areas. Either modification of the active site or deletion of the tPA-GFP heavy chain resulted in decreased accumulation of plg-568. Prolonged retention appeared essential for tPA to effectively express and amplify fibrinolytic activity on VECs, which may also be responsible for development of deleterious effects in the case of @entity64 .

title: Novel situations of endothelial injury in XXXX --mechanisms of @entity64 and strategy of drug development: novel mechanism of the expression and amplification of cell surface-associated fibrinolytic activity demonstrated by real-time imaging analysis.

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity149 , including @entity409 , are potential late effects of pediatric @entity981 treatment. Surveillance for @entity149 in a timely and efficient manner is imperative to ongoing clinical care. We sought to determine if the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) Parent Form identified @entity1778 survivors with @entity73 . In this 28-site cross-sectional study, parents of 256 @entity1 , a mean of 8.9  2.2 years after treatment for standard-risk precursor-B @entity981 and in first remission, completed the BRIEF. We used a multivariate logistic regression to calculate the association between elevated scores on 3 composite BRIEF indices (Behavioral Regulation Index, Metacognition Index, Global Executive Composite [GEC]) and special education and @entity71 ( @entity71 ) outcomes. All BRIEF index scores were significantly associated with receipt of special education services or @entity71 . The BRI was most strongly associated with @entity71 (odds ratios=4.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-10.9). The GEC was most strongly associated with @entity71 (odds ratios=4.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.77-11.22). Elevated scores on the BRIEF GEC were associated with low sensitivity (24.1 to 39.1) for detecting the outcomes but better specificity (range, 87.7 to 89.3). These results suggest that the parent-completed BRIEF is associated with clinical outcomes but is not a sensitive tool to identify @entity1778 survivors that require a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.

title: The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) to Identify @entity981 ( @entity981 ) Survivors At Risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive problems', 'neurocognitive impairment']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['Neurocognitive Impairment']


abstract: The complete sequence of the @entity6853 dehydrogenase (D-ldh) gene from @entity14921 . cremoris, cloned in @entity526 , were determined. The deduced @entity535 sequence showed homologies with all members of the D-specific-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. Furthermore, the essential residues detected so far as being involved in catalysis were also conserved. Purification of the enzyme revealed physico-chemical properties corresponding to those predicted from the sequence. The active enzyme was a dimer of 40-kDa subunits. The Km values for @entity2388 , @entity880 , @entity2125 and @entity2125 were 0.3, 19, 0.03 and 0.16 mM, indicating that the enzyme reduced @entity2388 in vivo. Besides the D-LDH activity, @entity14921 . cremoris also displayed HicDH enzymatic activity, catalysing the reduction of @entity2388 analogs. The purified D-LDH displayed low HicDH-type activity; therefore, differences in specificity profiles between the crude extract and the purified enzyme suggested the occurrence of a specific HicDH.

title: Purification, properties and DNA sequence of the XXXX dehydrogenase from @entity14921 subsp. cremoris.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity14921 :: ('1245', 'Species') :: ['L. mesenteroides subsp', 'Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp']

entities_list: @entity6853 :: ('CHEBI:16004', 'Chemical') :: ['D-lactate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6853 :: (CHEBI:16004,Chemical) :: ['D-lactate']


abstract: @entity577 ( @entity578 ) generated from low-organic waste degradation at four Danish landfills was estimated by three @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) landfill gas (LFG) generation models ( @entity58842 , IPCC, and Afvalzorg). Actual waste data from Danish landfills were applied to fit model (IPCC and Afvalzorg) required categories. In general, the single-phase model, @entity58842 , significantly overestimated @entity578 generation, because it applied too high default values for key parameters to handle low-organic waste scenarios. The key parameters were biochemical @entity578 potential (BMP) and @entity578 generation rate constant (k-value). In comparison to the IPCC model, the Afvalzorg model was more suitable for estimating @entity578 generation at Danish landfills, because it defined more proper waste categories rather than traditional municipal solid waste (MSW) fractions. Moreover, the Afvalzorg model could better show the influence of not only the total disposed waste amount, but also various waste categories. By using laboratory-determined BMPs and k-values for shredder, sludge, mixed bulky waste, and street-cleaning waste, the Afvalzorg model was revised. The revised model estimated smaller cumulative @entity578 generation results at the four Danish landfills (from the start of disposal until 2020 and until 2100). Through a @entity578 mass balance approach, fugitive @entity578 emissions from whole sites and a specific cell for shredder waste were aggregated based on the revised Afvalzorg model outcomes. Aggregated results were in good agreement with field measurements, indicating that the revised Afvalzorg model could provide practical and accurate estimation for Danish LFG emissions. This study is valuable for both researchers and engineers aiming to predict, control, and mitigate fugitive @entity578 emissions from landfills receiving low-organic waste. IMPLICATIONS: Landfill operators use the @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) models to estimate @entity577 ( @entity578 ) generation. A single-phase model ( @entity58842 ) and a traditional model (IPCC) could result in overestimation when handling a low-organic waste scenario. Site-specific data were important and capable of calibrating key parameter values in @entity1547 models. The comparison study of the revised Afvalzorg model outcomes and field measurements at four Danish landfills provided a guideline for revising the Pollutants Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR) model, as well as indicating noteworthy waste fractions that could emit @entity578 at modern landfills.

title: Evaluation and application of site-specific data to revise the XXXX model for estimating landfill gas generation and emissions at Danish landfills.

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane', 'Methane']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['first-order decay', 'FOD']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['first-order decay']


abstract: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of paralyzed muscles holds promise as a strategy to assist @entity1 in executing functional movements after @entity1566 . @entity2057 is one of the major problems that must be addressed for this approach to be successful. Loss of muscle mass may occur as a result of lesions to motoneurons in either the spinal cord or the central command pathway, or a combination of the two. For injuries to spinal motoneurons, muscle fibers undergo denervation @entity194 . Damage to the central command pathway, on the other hand, results in @entity2537 . In association with @entity194 , the low contractile forces and inability of the muscles to sustain contractions are of direct therapeutic concern. In this review, methods aimed at recovery of function of paralyzed limbs by reducing susceptibility to fatigue and @entity194 of paralyzed muscles are discussed. One is related to promoting nerve sprouting in partially denervated muscles to reinnervate muscle fibers and reverse denervation @entity194 . The other regards training of paralyzed muscles to increase strength (muscle force) and endurance (fatigue resistance) by means of FES. Most training regimens with low-frequency FES increase muscle endurance. Efforts to design optimal regimens for increasing both muscle strength and endurance must involve consideration of several factors that are still controversial. These factors, which include muscle properties (such as fiber type composition and physiological type) and conditions imposed on the muscle (such as loading) during contractions elicited by FES, are discussed in detail.

title: @entity2057 and procedures for training after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['disuse atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Hispanic youth are at risk for experiencing @entity308 and smoking cigarettes, and risk for @entity308 and cigarette use increase as Hispanic youth acculturate to U.S. culture. The mechanism by which acculturation leads to symptoms of @entity308 and cigarette smoking is not well understood. The present study examined whether perceived discrimination explained the associations of acculturation with @entity308 and cigarette smoking among 1,124 Hispanic youth (54% female). Youth in Southern California completed surveys in 9th-11th grade. Separate analyses by gender showed that perceived discrimination explained the relationship between acculturation and @entity308 for @entity1 only. There was also evidence that discrimination explained the relationship between acculturation and cigarette smoking among @entity1 , but the effect was only marginally significant. Acculturation was associated with @entity308 and smoking among @entity1 only. Perceived discrimination predicted @entity308 in both genders, and discrimination was positively associated with cigarette smoking for @entity1 but not @entity1 . These results support the notion that, although Hispanic @entity1 and @entity1 experience acculturation and discrimination, their mental health and smoking behaviors are differentially affected by these experiences. Moreover, the results indicate that acculturation, gender, and discrimination are important factors to consider when addressing Hispanic youth's mental health and substance use behaviors.

title: Acculturation, gender, XXXX , and cigarette smoking among U.S. Hispanic youth: the mediating role of perceived discrimination.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: CONTEXT: There are currently few published studies that compare hippocampal volume ( @entity3531 ) in @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). Aims : T0 o compare HCVs in @entity1 with @entity1315 and in relation to normal controls (NC), and to analyze @entity3531 change in the acute phase in pediatric subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Setting and Design : T0 he case group (n=24) was matched in gender and age range with NC subjects (n=24). Subjects were divided into three groups according to age: 2-5.9 years, 6-8.9 years and 9-13 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: M0 anual measurements were used to obtain HCVs on oblique coronary MRI images obtained by three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3D-MPRAGE) sequence. Statistical Analyses : T0 he @entity3531 was calculated and normalized. Paired t-tests were used to compare the right and left HCVs within each study group. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to consider the impact of age and gender on HCVs. RESULTS: T0 wenty-two @entity1 were diagnosed with definite/probable @entity1315 , and two were @entity1625 which was distributed in the 2-5.9 years group. The range of left to right mean HCVs of the case and NC group aged 2-13 years was 2014.14    54.32 mm 3 to 2165.31    80.99 mm 3 and 2015.46    26.97 mm 3 to 2100.93    57.33 mm 3 respectively. There were age-related differences in left and right @entity3531 , but no effect of gender. Relative to NC subjects, cases group aged 2-5.9 years had significantly different HCVs, while no significant difference was found in the other two groups. There was significant difference in the right to left HCVs in the case subjects aged 2-5.9 years, but not in the other age groups. CONCLUSIONS: T0 he heterogeneity in the 2-5.9 years age cohort may relate to the increased HCVs. The @entity3531 data from NC subjects may be used as a reference to assess @entity75 in clinical practice.

title: Hippocampal volume in XXXX with @entity1315 compared to healthy @entity1 : a magnetic resonance imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy', 'TLE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided @entity616 with that of procedural sedation and @entity1337 in @entity1 with acute distal radial @entity174 reduction @entity158 control. METHODS: This was a randomised clinical trial on adult @entity1 conducted in two teaching hospitals. @entity1 received intravenous @entity1363 plus @entity3575 in the procedural sedation and @entity1337 group, and @entity174 site injection of @entity3303 10% in the ultrasound guided @entity616 group. We measured @entity158 scores before reduction, during reduction and 5, 10 and 15   min after reduction by a numeric rating scale, and @entity1 and physician satisfaction by a four-level Likert scale. Time to discharge, early adverse effects and late complications were also compared. RESULTS: We enrolled 160 @entity1 with distal radial @entity174 and randomised 143 @entity1 into two groups (after excluding 17 @entity1 ). @entity158 was effectively controlled in both groups. @entity158 scores had no statistically significant difference before and during reduction and 5 and 15   min after reduction in the procedural sedation and @entity1337 and ultrasound guided @entity616 groups. @entity1 and physician overall satisfaction were similar in the two groups. Time to discharge was significantly lower in the ultrasound guided @entity616 group. Four @entity1 (5.5%) in the procedural sedation and @entity1337 group showed early adverse effects. No @entity1 in either group showed any late complications. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound guided @entity616 may be a safe and effective alternative to procedural sedation and @entity1337 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: 201112308104N5.

title: Ultrasound-guided hematoma block in distal radial XXXX reduction: a randomised clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['haematoma block']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine overall and decade-long trends (1999-2009), characteristics, treatment practices, and hospital outcomes in individuals aged 65 and older hospitalized for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and to describe how these factors varied in the youngest, middle, and oldest-old individuals. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Population-based @entity299 Study. MEASUREMENTS: Analyses were conducted to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, cardiac treatments, and hospital outcomes of older adults in three age strata (65-74, 75-84, >= 85). @entity1 : The study sample consisted of 3,851 individuals aged 65 and older hospitalized with @entity583 every other year between 1999 and 2009; 32% were aged 65 to 74, 43% aged 75 to 84, and 25% aged 85 and older. RESULTS: Advancing age was inversely associated with receipt of evidence-based cardiac therapies. After multivariable adjustment, the odds of dying during hospitalization was 1.46 times as high in @entity1 aged 75 to 84 and 1.78 times as high in those aged 85 and older as in those aged 65 to 74. The oldest-old @entity1 had approximately 25% lower odds of a prolonged hospital stay (>3  days) than those aged 65 to 74. @entity1162 in the principal study outcomes were also examined. Although the oldest-old @entity1 hospitalized for @entity583 were at the greatest risk of dying, persistent age-related differences were observed in hospital treatment practices. Similar results were observed after excluding @entity1 with a do-not-resuscitate order in their medical records. CONCLUSION: Although there are persistent disparities in the care and outcomes of older adults hospitalized with @entity583 , additional studies are needed to delineate the extent to which less-aggressive care reflects individual preferences and appropriate implementation of palliative care approaches.

title: Characteristics, treatment practices, and in-hospital outcomes of older adults hospitalized with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Decade-long trends']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Worcester Heart Attack']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: 1. @entity855 -mediated @entity141 signalling was studied in freshly isolated @entity35 portal vein myocytes by means of a laser confocal microscope and the patch-clamp technique. 2. In vascular myocytes held at -60 mV, @entity855 induced a large inward current that was supported mainly by activation of @entity16312 receptors, although other P2X receptor subtypes ( @entity22752 , @entity22753 and @entity22754 ) were revealed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 3. Confocal @entity141 measurements revealed that @entity855 -mediated @entity141 responses started at initiation sites where spontaneous or triggered @entity141 sparks were not detected, whereas membrane depolarizations triggered @entity141 waves by repetitive activation of @entity141 sparks from a single initiation site. 4. @entity855 -mediated @entity141 responses depended on @entity141 influx through non-selective cation channels that activated, in turn, @entity141 release from the intracellular store via @entity8452 receptors (RYRs). Using specific antibodies directed against the @entity48744 subtypes, we show that @entity855 -mediated @entity141 release requires, at least, @entity48744 , but not @entity58234 . 5. Our results suggest that, in vascular myocytes, @entity141 influx through @entity16312 receptors may trigger @entity141 -induced @entity141 release at intracellular sites where RYRs are not clustered.

title: Calcium signalling through nucleotide receptor XXXX in @entity35 portal vein myocytes.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

answer: @entity16312 :: (25505(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['P2X1']


abstract: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is the fourth most common @entity146 . It is associated with somatic complaints like @entity158 problems. Only a proportion of @entity1 exposed to traumatic events develop @entity1005 . Several factors, like genetic predisposition, stressor intensity, cognitive appraisal mechanisms and coping processes influence the likelihood of developing @entity1005 after exposure to a @entity130 . We used a single session of footshocks in @entity35 , an animal model with a high degree of validity for @entity1005 , to study whether individual behavioural traits predict long-term stress-induced sensitisation of behavioural responsivity and @entity158 sensitivity and therefore can act as a vulnerability factor. @entity35 were selected for low (LA) and high ( @entity15773 ) open-field locomotor reactivity and then underwent a single session of footshocks. Two to 5 weeks after footshocks, behavioural sensitisation was investigated using a noise challenge, an electrified prod challenge and a forced swim test. @entity158 sensitivity was measured using a tail-immersion test. During exposure to noise in a novel cage, footshocked @entity35 showed increased immobility compared to controls, which was significantly greater in LA than in @entity15773 @entity35 . Footshocked @entity35 showed increased burying in the electrified prod challenge and no effect was found in the forced swim test. Footshocks caused @entity1931 in LA @entity35 , but hypoalgesia in @entity15773 @entity35 . We conclude that low open-field locomotor reactivity predicts the degree of stress-induced behavioural sensitisation and the direction of altered @entity158 sensitivity, suggesting that an @entity148 or passive coping style may increase the risk of developing stress-related @entity5539 .

title: Individual reactivity to the open-field predicts the expression of stress-induced behavioural and XXXX sensitisation.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-prone personality']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Somatic pain', 'somatic pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['somatic pain']


abstract: A @entity3459 Factor XIII A subunit (F XIII A) is a rare @entity74 that is characterized by a life-long @entity548 tendency complicated by a difficulty in healing. Thus far, no molecular genetic analysis of this disorder has been reported. In this study, we demonstrate the molecular abnormalities in a family with this disorder. We performed Northern blot analysis of peripheral blood monocytes obtained from the propositus and found a 4-kb single band of F XIII A mRNA whose size was identical with that of normal subjects. Exons II-XV, which encode all the @entity1522 , were individually amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All PCR products from the propositus had lengths indistinguishable from those of the wild type on agarose gel, suggesting that this defect results from either a point mutation or a short deletion/insertion. The sequencing of F XIII A cDNA from the propositus revealed a deletion of the @entity2354 AG within the AGAG repeat at the position of 210 to 213. Concerning the genomic sequence, a deletion of dinucleotide AG was also demonstrated in the intron B-exon III boundary. This deletion appeared to cause a frameshift mutation making a new stop codon shortly thereafter, and leading to a @entity4777 F XIII A. The heterozygosity of the F @entity1051 in the @entity1 's offspring was documented by the nucleotide sequences of their exon III.

title: XXXX factor XIII A subunit caused by the dinucleotide deletion at the 5' end of exon III.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['XIII A deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2354 :: ('CHEBI:47885', 'Chemical') :: ['dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['congenital deficiency of the coagulation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of plasma']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['Deficiency of coagulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considerable controversy exists over the relationship of paresthesia to nerve stimulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency with which @entity1 report paresthesia at the point that an acceptable motor response is obtained to low-intensity current electrical stimulation. METHODS: Low-intensity current nerve stimulation (0.6 mA, 200 microseconds, 2 Hz) was used to identify the brachial plexus in 64 consecutive @entity1 having shoulder or arm surgery with an interscalene block. During nerve localization and while maintaining a motor response (0.20 mA-0.40 mA), the @entity1 were queried regarding any radiating sensation or @entity158 (paresthesia) in the shoulder or extremity on the side of the blockade. Sensory distribution of the block, motor strength of the arm muscles, and adequacy of anesthesia were used to assess the extent of blockade. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of @entity1 had satisfactory surgical anesthesia. None of the @entity1 spontaneously reported having a paresthesia during nerve stimulation. However, on careful questioning, half of the @entity1 (55%) reported electrical paresthesia, defined as dull tingling sensation traveling down to their hands and coinciding with the motor response. In addition, most @entity1 (71%) spontaneously reported having a mild, radiating paresthesia on initial injection of local anesthetic. CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 paresthesiae should be infrequent when a low-stimulating current is used to identify the neural components of the brachial plexus and when the block needle is advanced slowly. Low-current intensity nerve stimulation can be used to achieve successful interscalene block with minimal discomfort to the @entity1 .

title: XXXX paresthesiae are infrequent during brachial plexus localization using low-current peripheral nerve stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Painful']


abstract: @entity796 is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen with the capacity to cause serious disease, including chronic biofilm @entity281 in the lungs of @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 . These @entity281 are treated with high concentrations of antibiotics. Virulence modulation is an important tool utilized by @entity796 to propagate @entity281 and biofilm formation in the @entity1577 airway. Many different virulence modulatory pathways and proteins have been identified, including the @entity1760 transporter protein MgtE. We have recently found that isogenic deletion of mgtE leads to increased @entity137 through effects on the type III secretion system. To explore the role of the @entity1577 lung environment in MgtE activity, we investigated mgtE transcriptional regulation following antibiotic treatment. Utilizing quantitative real-time-PCR, we have demonstrated an increase in mgtE transcript levels following antibiotic treatment with most of the 12 antibiotics tested. To begin to determine the regulatory network governing mgtE expression, we screened a transposon-mutant library of @entity796 to look for mutants with potentially altered mgtE activity, using @entity137 as a readout. In this screen, we observed that AlgR, which regulates production of the biofilm polysaccharide alginate, alters MgtE-mediated @entity137 . This cross-talk between MgtE and AlgR suggests that AlgR is involved in linking external inducing signals (e.g. antibiotics) to mgtE transcription and downstream virulence and biofilm activities. Analysing such interactions may lead to a better understanding of how the @entity1577 lung environment shapes @entity796 biofilm @entity281 .

title: Antibiotic treatment of @entity796 biofilms stimulates expression of the XXXX transporter gene mgtE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was carried out with an objective to find out the frequency of different reasons of non-compliance to treatment in a sample of out door @entity146 @entity1 . METHODS: This study was conducted at Psychiatry department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from Aug. 2001 to Jan. 2002. Data from a non-probability sample of two hundred follow up @entity1 with a definite @entity146 was collected. A questionnaire designed for this purpose was administered by a consultant psychiatrist to the @entity1 . The data was categorized into different causes of discontinuation of treatment accordingly. RESULTS: The commonest reasons for non-compliance were unawareness of the benefits of treatment (43%), nonaffordability of drugs (33.5%), physical side effects (28.5%), no awareness given by the doctor (03%) and unfriendly attitude of doctors (02%). The commonest illnesses leading to non-compliance were @entity308 (31.5%), @entity161 (19.5%) and @entity162 (19%). CONCLUSION: Non-compliance is quite common in Pakistan like any other society. Medical practitioners need to be aware of it and address this problem because compliance is directly related to the prognosis of the illness. It is recommended that all efforts should be exerted to improve the compliance of @entity146 @entity1 by eliminating the factors leading to non-compliance.

title: A study of reasons of non-compliance to XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature concerning the physiology of the endocannabinoid system, current drug development of cannabinoid agonists, and current clinical research on the use of cannabinoid agonists for @entity1337 . DATA SOURCES: Articles were identified through a search of MEDLINE (1966-August 2005) using the key words @entity835 , cannabinoid, cannabi*, @entity18865 , @entity36584 , @entity839 , @entity158 , and @entity1337 . No search limits were included. Additional references were located through review of the bibliographies of the articles identified. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies of cannabinoid agonists for treatment of @entity158 were selected and were not limited by @entity158 type or etiology. Studies or reviews using animal models of @entity158 were also included. Articles that related to the physiology and pharmacology of the endocannabinoid system were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: The discovery of cannabinoid receptors and endogenous ligands for these receptors has led to increased drug development of cannabinoid agonists. New cannabimimetic agents have been associated with fewer systemic adverse effects than @entity839 , including recent development of @entity835 medicinal extracts for sublingual use (approved in Canada), and have had promising results for @entity1337 in initial @entity1 trials. Several synthetic @entity7785 have also been studied in @entity1 , including 2 cannabinoid agonists available on the international market. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7785 provide a potential approach to @entity158 management with a novel therapeutic target and mechanism. @entity1118 often requires a polypharmaceutical approach to management, and @entity7785 are a potential addition to the arsenal of treatment options.

title: Cannabinoid @entity1337 as a potential new therapeutic option in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity7785 :: ('MESH:D002186', 'Chemical') :: ['cannabinoids', 'Cannabinoids']

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol', 'THC']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity18865 :: ('MESH:D002185', 'Chemical') :: ['cannabidiol']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: This was a Phase II study of 24 late (FIGO) Stage IIb and 39 Stage III @entity1 . External beam radiotherapy was given daily, five days a week, using 15 x 15 cm parallel opposed pelvic fields. The first 20 @entity1 had 45.00 Gy mid-plane dose in 20 fractions, Days 1-28, the last 43 @entity1 had 50.40 Gy in 28 fractions, Days 1-43. This was followed by an intracavitary boost of 17.00 Gy to Point A in two fractions over seven days. The first seven @entity1 had concomitant @entity1487 (5FU) 1 g/m2/day (maximum 1.5 g/day) Days 2-5, 30-33 and 57-60, with @entity1138 10 mg/m2 (maximum 15 mg) Days 2 and 57. Two @entity1 had WHO Grade 4 @entity1503 , and only two were able to have full dose intensity. The 5FU dose was reduced to 0.8 g/m2/day, for Days 2-5 and 30-33; @entity1138 was given on Day 2 only. Treatment morbidity with the reduced chemotherapy intensity was comparable with that of radiotherapy alone. Median follow-up was 16 months (range 6-44). Median survival was 35 months. The results were compared with historical controls treated using the same radiation method alone. Two-year survival for late Stage IIb @entity1 was 67% with the combination and 72% with radiotherapy alone; for Stage III, 67% and 49% respectively. Two-year pelvic control for late Stage IIb was 87% (combination) and 84% (radiotherapy alone) and for Stage III, 61% and 55% respectively. In contrast to reports from other centres, these results do not show an overall significant improvement on radiotherapy alone. A Phase III study may not be practicable.

title: Concomitant pelvic irradiation, XXXX and @entity1138 in the treatment of advanced cervical carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: From 1971 until 1982, we studied the ecological factors which stead fast a perennial @entity2040 in Guadeloupe on an exhaustive mode. More recently, we start a similar investigation in Martinique. In Guadeloupe the single vector of @entity380 is the snail @entity10300 which is an ubiquist species. But the transmission to @entity1 is restricted to the "canal-sewers" where faeces are dropped and not in the rivers of Basse-Terre or the ponds of Grande-Terre. Moreover, the infection is possible only during the hottest hours of the day, when the cercariae get out of the snail. We built a "cercariometer" with which we are able to know the number of cercariae per litre in a given place at every hour of day and night. The @entity5698 (and not the grey @entity35 !) seems, alone, able to maintain the life-cycle of the parasite, at least in the mangrove forests. It is now possible to "clone" @entity383 by sporocysts transplantation in non-infected snails. The biological control of @entity10300 populations is possible by sterilizating Trematodes such as Ribeiroia guadeloupensis. A new built irrigation reservoir in Grande-Terre give a chance of spread for the endemy in an area which was, till now, unharmed.

title: [Evaluation of 10 years of research on @entity383 XXXX A in the French West Indies].

entities_list: @entity10300 :: ('6526', 'Species') :: ['Biomphalaria glabrata', 'B. glabrata']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']