abstract: BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allow assessment of the anatomy (OCT) and composition (NIRS) of coronary lesions. We sought to examine the association between pre-stenting @entity12740 ( @entity12740 ), as assessed by NIRS and post-stenting @entity715 formation, as assessed by OCT. METHODS: We reviewed the angiograms of nine @entity1 who underwent coronary stenting in association with NIRS and OCT imaging. A large @entity12740 by NIRS was defined as at least three 2-mm yellow blocks on the NIRS block chemogram with >200   angular extent. Intracoronary @entity715 was defined as a mass of medium reflectivity protruding into the vessel lumen, discontinuous from the surface of the vessel wall. RESULTS: Mean age was 67    7 years, and all @entity1 were @entity1 , presenting with @entity5749 (56%), @entity1459 (11%), or acute @entity583 (33%). The mean vessel lipid core burden index (LCBI) was 120    45, and the mean highest 6-mm LCBI was 386    190. Three @entity1 had a large @entity12740 and two of them (66%) developed intrastent @entity715 after stent implantation compared to none of six @entity1 without large LCPs (0%, P = 0.02). The @entity715 resolved after intracoronary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa administration and balloon postdilation. Postprocedural @entity583 occurred in 33% versus 17% of @entity1 with and without large @entity12740 , respectively (P = 0.57). CONCLUSION: Stenting of large LCPs may be associated with intrastent @entity715 formation, suggesting that more intensive anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy may be beneficial in such lesions.    2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Association of coronary @entity12740 with intrastent XXXX formation: a near-infrared spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity12740 :: ('MESH:D020512', 'Disease') :: ['lipid core plaque', 'LCP']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: 1. Isolated cat kidneys were perfused in situ with Locke solution and @entity916 release in response to @entity3044 was studied. 2. Perfusion with @entity3044 produced a concentration-dependent enhancement of @entity916 secretion. Increasing the concentration of stimulant also prolonged the duration of the secretory response. 3. After a 10 min exposure to @entity3044 (0-3 micrometer), there was a rapid facilitation of @entity916 release which diminished after 10-30 min, followed by a second transient increase which declined over the next 40-60 min. @entity1880 did not prevent augmented release when added together with the @entity3044 but did produce a reversible inhibition of the late phase when added 10 min after the @entity3044 . 4. Omission of @entity460 from the perfusion medium failed to depress the @entity916 release induced by @entity3044 , glucagon, or @entity1483 . However, during prolonged @entity460 deprivation, the @entity1880 -sensitive phase of @entity3044 -evoked release was depressed. 5. The @entity460 antagonist @entity4473 failed to block the early phase of @entity3044 -induced @entity916 secretion but inhibited the late phase of secretion. 6. @entity460 alone elicited an explosive discharge of @entity916 when added after a prolonged period of @entity460 -free perfusion. 7. These results support the view that extracellular @entity460 does not play an essential role in the mechanism of @entity916 secretion from the renal juxtaglomerular cells, but that an increased influx of this cation is needed for synthesis and/or mobilization of the enzyme. It is tentatively proposed that the release of @entity460 from intracellular storage sites may be the signal which triggers @entity916 secretion.

title: The role of XXXX in @entity916 secretion from the isolated perfused cat kidney.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Pericardial exudate and/or spread of the @entity5 to the pericardium occurs frequently in @entity1778 and @entity5 . @entity3 to the pericardium may be demonstrated at autopsy in 50% and 20-25%, respectively. In the majority of cases no symptoms from the heart occur. In cases with significant @entity2294 or @entity3822 , urgent treatment is indicated. Pericardiocentesis is carried out in cases of @entity2293 . Irradiation has frequently a rapid and dramatic effect in cases of massive @entity5 infiltration in the pericardium. Long-term treatment depends on the malignant haematological disease concerned. Meticulous diagnostic investigation is therefore indicated in every case with @entity299 . This has frequently therapeutic consequences, reduces the morbidity and prolongs survival. Two cases of @entity2294 with haemodynamic consequences are reviewed in this article. The haematological diagnoses were @entity3052 and @entity706 (diffuse large-cell @entity1893 ), respectively.

title: [Pericardial involvement in @entity1778 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomata', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['acute pericardial effusion', 'pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the blood ordering practice and blood transfusion for Caesarean sections at our institution and to compare the estimated @entity190 between anaesthetists and obstetricians. METHODS: A review of 126 @entity1 undergoing both elective and emergency Caesarean section was undertaken in 2002. Information collected included the number of blood units cross-matched preoperatively, type of surgery (emergency or elective), type of anaesthesia, parity of the @entity1 , estimated @entity190 by both anaesthetists and obstetricians, intraoperative and postoperative transfusion within 48 hours and pre and post operative haemoglobin (Hb) and haemocrit (Hct). RESULTS: A total of 215 units were cross-matched for 126 @entity1 undergoing Caesarean section delivery. A small amount (9.5%) were transfused intraoperatively and 5.5% postoperatively. The average @entity190 estimated by anaesthetists was 498 +/- 176 ml and that by obstetricians was 592 +/- 222 ml. The calculated @entity190 based on @entity1 blood volume and drop in Hct was 787 +/- 519 ml. The cross-match transfusion ratio was 9.7. CONCLUSION: Only 13% of our @entity1 needed blood transfusion. The mean @entity190 was estimated to be more by the obstetricians as compared to the anaesthetists. We recommend that the practice of routine cross-match practice prior to Caesarean section should be re-looked by institutions practicing obstetric anaesthesia.

title: Estimation of XXXX during Caesarean section: an audit.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: The aim of this prospective controlled study was to assess the effect of rhGH in short prepubertal @entity1 with @entity1592 and normal @entity2124 status. Twenty-six @entity1 were randomized into treatment (12F, 4M) and control (6F, 4M) groups. Mean ages were 5.3 (1.3) yr and 4.3 (1.7) yr, respectively. rhGH (Genotropin) was used at a dose of 0.2 IU/kg/day as daily s.c. injections for two years. In the treated group, mean height @entity214 increased from -3.0 (0.5) to -1.9 (0.7) and height velocity @entity214 showed a significant increase from -1.3 (2.0) to 3.7 (1.8) in the first year (p < 0.001) and 1.6 (1.8) (p < 0.01) in the second year of treatment. In the controls, height @entity214 , initially -2.7 (1.4), and height velocity @entity214 , initially -0.9 (1.1), remained essentially the same during two years of follow-up. Height @entity214 for bone age changed by 0.6 in the treated group and 0.4 in the control group. Target height @entity214 --initial height @entity214 in the treated group improved by 1.1 SD but declined in the control group. @entity442 levels increased from 9.5 (4.2) nmol/l (72 [31.8] ng/ml) to 32.5 (27.0) nmol/l (244.4 [202.8] ng/ml) (p = 0.004) in the treated group while no change was observed in the controls. No adverse effects were encountered during rhGH therapy. It was concluded that rhGH treatment induces a significant increase in growth velocity in the short term. This outcome, as opposed to the unchanged indices in the control group over the same period, may be indicative of an improved height prognosis in short @entity1 born with @entity1592 treated with rhGH.

title: @entity2124 treatment in short @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to examine whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy for a @entity189 in the thoracic esophagus increased the incidence of @entity260 , and which clinicopathological factors may affect @entity260 after esophagectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-four @entity1 who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy for a @entity189 in the thoracic esophagus were reviewed in a retrospective study. Ninety-six @entity1 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 48 did not. The @entity260 were grouped either general complications (Complications A) or surgery-related complications (Complications B). Complications A consisted of @entity1370 , and @entity295 . Complications B consisted of a gastrointestinal tract leak, gastrointestinal tract @entity39 , an intrathoracic or intraabdominal abscess, @entity548 , ileus, and @entity3746 . In these two categories of complications, 17 factors obtained from subjects were compared between @entity1 with complications and those without by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The @entity1 characteristics did not differ between @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those without. The preoperative serum @entity2313 level was higher in @entity1 without complication than in those with complication in both two categories of complications (Complications A: p = 0.001, Complications B: p = 0.05). The proportion of @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not differ between @entity1 with complication and those without complication in either @entity532 . Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative Onodera's Prognostic Nutritional Index was the only factor reducing the incidence of complications A (p = 0.02, Odds ratio: 0.63). CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was well tolerated and was not associated with any increased morbidity or mortality after esophagectomy for a @entity189 in the thoracic esophagus.

title: Does neoadjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX in the thoracic esophagus increase postoperative morbidity?

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['catheter sepsis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['category of complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord palsy']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic, renal, and neurological complications']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 increases the frequency of stooling, perhaps due in part to the loss of an ileocecal or colonic braking effect on gastrointestinal transit. To assess whether colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) or with ileostomy accelerates gastrointestinal transit, we studied 16 IPAA @entity1 (mean +/- SEM stool frequency, 8 +/- 1 stools/day), 5 @entity1 after colectomy and @entity17142 , and 8 healthy, unoperated controls (1 +/- 1 stools/day). Gastric emptying of liquids and small bowel transit of chyme were measured concurrently with a dual isotope technique. Gastric emptying was similar among all groups. In contrast, postprandial small bowel transit of the head of a duodenal marker was slowed, not accelerated, in IPAA @entity1 (178 +/- 26 min) compared to Brooke subjects (80 +/- 32 min, P less than 0.05) and controls (75 +/- 15 min, P less than 0.01). Maximal filling of both the ileal pouch (341 +/- 19 min) and the ileostomy bag (348 +/- 12 min) occurred later than filling of the colon in controls (243 +/- 32 min, P less than 0.01). Overall stool frequency did not correlate with small bowel transit in the ileoanal @entity1 , but the two ileoanal subjects with greatest stool frequency (11 and 18 stools/day) had the earliest arrival of marker at the pouch. In conclusion, removal of the colon markedly slowed small bowel transit in most @entity1 , although it did not alter gastric emptying of liquids. Creation of an ileal pouch and @entity254 further slowed transit of the head of the meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gastrointestinal transit after proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal XXXX or ileostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis', 'ileoanal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity17142 :: ('MESH:C536611', 'Disease') :: ['Brooke ileostomy']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most individuals with @entity1316 experience @entity146 and/or medical comorbidity. Available treatment guidelines for @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ) have focused on treating @entity1316 in the absence of comorbidity. Treating comorbid conditions in @entity1 with @entity1316 requires sufficient decision support to inform appropriate treatment. METHODS: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force sought to prepare evidence- and consensus-based recommendations on treating comorbid conditions in @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity162 by conducting a systematic and qualitative review of extant data. The relative paucity of studies in this area often required a consensus-based approach to selecting and sequencing treatments. RESULTS: Several principles emerge when managing comorbidity. They include, but are not limited to: establishing the diagnosis, risk assessment, establishing the appropriate setting for treatment, @entity102 management, concurrent or sequential treatment, and measurement-based care. CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy, effectiveness, and comparative effectiveness research should emphasize treatment and management of conditions comorbid with @entity1316 . Clinicians are encouraged to screen and systematically monitor for comorbid conditions in all individuals with @entity1316 . The common comorbidity in @entity1316 raises fundamental questions about overlapping and discrete pathoetiology.

title: Managing medical and @entity146 comorbidity in individuals with @entity308 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2232 ,2 plays a significant role in the process of atherogenesis and vascular wall injury. The aim of this study was to assess whether plasma @entity2232 ,2 levels were elevated in @entity1 with large or symptomatic @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). DESIGN: a prospective open study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: plasma @entity2232 ,2 levels were measured in 65 consecutive @entity1 with @entity449 and compared with the levels in 44 healthy volunteer controls. The data for @entity439 @entity1 was analysed in four subgroups: (i) small @entity439 (<5 cm), (ii) large @entity439 (>/=5 cm), (iii) asymptomatic @entity439 and (iv) symptomatic @entity439 . Comparisons were made between @entity36625 levels in @entity439 @entity1 and controls and between the different @entity439 subgroups. RESULTS: a highly significant difference (p<0.0001) was found between @entity439 @entity1 and controls. @entity1 with large @entity439 had significantly higher levels than @entity1 with small @entity439 (p<0.01). There was no statistical difference in @entity2232 ,2 levels between symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1 ; however, the highest levels were found in large, symptomatic @entity439 and the lowest in small, asymptomatic @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: plasma @entity36625 is an endogenous marker of @entity439 diameter. Further studies are required to determine whether it relates to the rate of growth of @entity439 .

title: Plasma endothelin levels in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'abdominal aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Minimal invasive surgical approach can achieve quick functional recovery. However, the oncologic outcome for @entity5 is still a concern. This study aims to compare the oncologic outcome between laparoscopic and open methods in the curative resection of Stage II or III left-sided @entity694 . METHODS: In consideration of statistical power up to 90%, 286 eligible @entity1 with curable left-sided @entity694 ( @entity5 Stage II and @entity5 ) requiring the takedown of colonic splenic flexure to facilitate a curative left hemicolectomy were recruited randomly and equally allocated to the laparoscopic and open group. The primary endpoint was time-to-recurrence of @entity5 . Data was analyzed according to intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: Postrandomization exclusion occurred because of metastatic disease detected intraoperatively occurred in 13 @entity1 and because of @entity1 withdrawal from trial in 4. Therefore, 135 and 134 @entity1 actually comprised the laparoscopic and open group, respectively. The median follow-up of @entity1 was 40 months (range: 18-72 months). The oncologic results were similar (P = 0.362, one-sided log-rank test) in laparoscopic and open group of @entity1 , with the estimated cumulative recurrence rate of 13.2% (9/68) versus 17.2% (11/64) in @entity34 and 20.9% (14/67) versus 25.7% (18/70) in @entity5 , respectively. The recurrence patterns were similar between the two groups. Both open and laparoscopic groups were comparable in the number of dissected lymph node (15.6 +/- 3.0 vs. 16.0 +/- 6.0, P = 0.489), various demographic and clinicopathologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated cumulative recurrence rate for the surgery of Stage II or III left-sided @entity694 was the same between laparoscopic and open methods.

title: Oncologic results of laparoscopic versus conventional open surgery for stage II or III left-sided XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage III disease', 'Tumor-Node-Metastasis', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II disease']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancers']


abstract: Difficulties in creating vascular access in @entity1 on hemodialysis are encountered in most dialysis centers. This is usually due to a lack of suitable peripheral vessels due to previous access surgery in @entity1 on long-term hemodialysis, but also may be seen in some @entity1 de novo, particularly @entity6 and @entity1 with @entity1095 . Surgical techniques used to overcome this problem vary depending on @entity1 characteristics and, to a certain extent, on local expertise/preference. We report our experience of using @entity6619 dual-lumen hemodialysis catheters over a 3-year period; during this time, 54 catheters were inserted into 32 hemodialysis @entity1 . The indication for this procedure in 52 catheters (31 @entity1 ) was either exhausted vascular access or obvious difficulty identifying a suitable peripheral blood vessel. Of the catheters inserted, 20 were placed into subclavian veins by primary insertion (ie, @entity1 did not have existing subclavian catheter); 34 were replaced over a guidewire (a procedure used to allow technique salvage). The catheter survival rate was 72.7% at 90 days and 48.7% at 1 year. Corresponding rates at 90 days and 1 year for technique survival were 93.3% and 81.8%, respectively. The mean catheter and technique survival was 387 (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 273, 502) and 844 (95% CIs, 684, 1,005) days, respectively. Poor flow accounted for 70.4% of catheter failures and, despite 18 episodes of catheter-related @entity295 , no catheters were lost due to @entity281 . Factors identified as leading to reduced catheter survival were left-sided placement and catheter tip placement in the superior vena cava (as opposed to right atrial placement). We did not observe poorer survival or increased @entity295 in catheters replaced over a guidewire, and would advocate this technique as a means of salvage in this group of @entity1 .

title: Long-term vascular access for hemodialysis using XXXX dual-lumen catheters with guidewire replacement of catheters for technique salvage.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity6619 :: (MESH:D012825,Chemical) :: ['silicon']


abstract: Using near infrared spectroscopy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we studied interhemispheric interactions between bilateral motor and sensory cortices in @entity1 . RTMS consisted of a triple-pulse burst (50 Hz) repeated every 200 m for 2 s (10 bursts, 30 pulses); one kind of @entity36890 ( @entity36890 ) (Huang et al. in Neuron 45:201-206, 2005). The hemoglobin concentration changes were recorded at the right prefrontal cortex, premotor area (PM), primary hand motor area (M1) and primary sensory area (S1) during and after @entity36890 over the left PM, M1 and S1 or sham stimulation in eight normal volunteers. In addition, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to TMS over the right M1 were recorded from the left first dorsal interosseous muscle after the conditioning @entity36890 over left S1. @entity36890 over PM induced a significant oxy-Hb decrease at the contralateral PM. @entity36890 over M1 elicited a significant oxy-Hb decrease at the contralateral S1, and @entity36890 over S1 significant oxy-Hb decreases at the contralateral M1 and S1. MEPs to TMS of the right M1 were significantly suppressed by the conditioning @entity36890 over the left S1. These results suggest that there are mainly inhibitory interactions between bilateral PMs and bilateral sensorimotor cortices in @entity1 . Those are partly compatible with the previous findings. In addition to between the primary motor cortices, bilateral connection is requisite for smooth bimanual coordination between the sensory cortices or premotor cortices.

title: Hemoglobin concentration changes in the contralateral hemisphere during and after theta burst stimulation of the XXXX sensorimotor cortices.

entities_list: @entity36890 :: ('MESH:C562695', 'Disease') :: ['TBS', 'theta burst TMS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the usefulness of the Mantoux test in the diagnosis of @entity12622 in @entity1 of childbearing age. METHOD: In this report, the investigators studied the ability of a @entity378 ( @entity378 ) Mantoux test to diagnose pelvic @entity378 . A positive @entity378 Mantoux test was clearly defined. The positive control group was of 100 @entity1 treated for @entity378 (study group C). The negative control group was of 100 postpartum @entity1 (study group B). The study group was 100 infertile @entity1 undergoing laparoscopy, in some of whom the diagnosis of @entity378 was made (study group A). RESULT: The Mantoux test had a sensitivity of only 55% and a specificity of 80% in @entity1 with laparoscopically diagnosed @entity378 . Pelvic focal reaction was absent in all groups including infertile @entity1 with a positive Mantoux test. CONCLUSION: Mantoux test has limited utility in diagnosing @entity12622 during the childbearing age. However, in infertile @entity1 with positive a Mantoux test, laparoscopy may be advocated early.

title: The Mantoux test in the diagnosis of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity12622 :: ('MESH:D014401', 'Disease') :: ['active genital tuberculosis', 'genital tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity12622 :: (MESH:D014401,Disease) :: ['genital tuberculosis']


abstract: This study aims to evaluate whether the distribution of vessels inside and adjacent to @entity5 region at three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler ultrasonography (US) can be used for the differentiation of benign and malignant @entity0 . 3-D power Doppler US images of 113 solid breast masses (60 benign and 53 malignant) were used in this study. Blood vessels within and adjacent to @entity5 were estimated individually in 3-D power Doppler US images for differential diagnosis. Six features including volume of vessels, vascularity index, volume of @entity5 , vascularity index in @entity5 , vascularity index in normal tissue, and vascularity index in surrounding region of @entity5 within 2  cm were evaluated. Neural network was then used to classify @entity5 by using these vascular features. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Student's t test were used to estimate the performance. All the six proposed vascular features are statistically significant (p   <   0.001) for classifying the @entity0 as benign or malignant. The A Z (area under ROC curve) values for the classification result were 0.9138. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the diagnosis performance based on all six proposed features were 82.30 (93/113), 86.79 (46/53), 78.33 (47/60), 77.97 (46/59), and 87.04  % (47/54), respectively. The p value of A Z values between the proposed method and conventional vascularity index method using z test was 0.04.

title: Diagnosis of solid XXXX using vessel analysis in three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound images.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adiponectin, a peptide hormone secreted from the adipose tissue, has anti- @entity6 , anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties and is also involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. However, there are discrepancies among the results of the published data regarding its pro- or anti-angiogenic properties. The aim of our study was to examine the direct effect of various adiponectin concentrations applied separately or in combination with @entity2816 on the growth of the @entity19 endothelial cell line HECa 10 in 24- and 72-hour cell cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used immortalized @entity19 endothelial cell line received from endothelial cells of the @entity19 peripheral lymph node. The effect of adiponectin was examined at concentrations from 10(-5) to 10(-12)M. @entity2816 was used at 10(-3)M concentration. The growth of HECa10 cells was assessed by the colorimetric Mosmann method. RESULTS: We found that adiponectin inhibited the growth of HECa 10 line at all examined concentrations in the 24-hour culture, with moderate potency. There were no dose- or time-response effects. In the 72-hour cell culture, adiponectin inhibited the growth with the same or weaker potency and we did not observe its inhibitory effect at 10(-12)M concentration. There was no beneficial interaction between adiponectin and @entity2816 . In this study, however, @entity2816 alone did not cause any inhibitory effect on this cell line. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data show that adiponectin inhibits endothelial cell growth and may participate in angiogenesis regulation as an endogenous antiangiogenic factor.

title: The inhibitory influence of adiponectin on the growth of the XXXX endothelial cell line HECa 10 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity13626 is a @entity3478 that can often be difficult to distinguish from @entity5 . Because misdiagnosis can result in unfavorable clinical outcomes, we have investigated microRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing between these two @entity5 types. Next generation RNA sequencing was used as an expression screen to evaluate >2,000 microRNAs present in tissue derived from rare @entity406 fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) archival @entity5 specimens. MicroRNAs displaying the greatest ability to discriminate between these two @entity5 were validated on an independent @entity5 set, using qPCR assays. Initial screening by RNA-seq identified four microRNA biomarker candidates. Expression of three miRNAs ( @entity15851 , miR-144-3p, miR-486-5p) was higher in @entity13626 , while the @entity10018 was elevated in @entity421 . Validation of these microRNAs on an independent data set of 22 @entity5 specimens by qPCR revealed that @entity10018 is the most discriminating marker. This microRNA displays low levels of expression across all of the @entity13626 specimens and robust expression in the majority of the @entity421 specimens. Application of these biomarkers to a clinical test case showed that these microRNA biomarkers permit re-classification of a misdiagnosed FFPE @entity5 sample from @entity13626 to @entity421 . Our findings establish that the @entity519 -related @entity10018 is a discriminatory marker that distinguishes between @entity13626 and @entity421 . This discovery provides a complementary molecular approach to support pathological classification of two diagnostically challenging @entity85 . Because @entity10018 is linked to the cellular @entity519 response, its detection may be linked to well-established pro-angiogenic and metastatic roles of @entity519 in @entity421 and other @entity5 cell types. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity519 -related @entity10018 is a diagnostic marker for discriminating @entity13626 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastoma', 'Osteoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['benign bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant osteosarcoma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal tumors']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: A functional association between the peripheral nervous and the immune system in @entity1238 , the South African clawed toad, is demonstrated. This association involves the neurotransmitter @entity1063 (NA), produced and released by the sympathetic nerves of the spleen. Chemical sympathectomy prior to immunization reduces splenic NA, and @entity353 ( @entity734 ), but increases thymus-independent (TI), antibody responses. Immune challenge with representatives of the three antigen classes affects splenic NA levels differentially. Thus, the modulatory effect of NA on immunity will depend on the immunogen used. Carrier-priming of helper function in @entity734 responses stimulates a transitory NA release in the spleen, while subsequent immunization activates a more prolonged release. The two types of challenge differ in the antigenic dose given. The effects of NA also depend on the time when it is applied. If used early in the in vivo @entity734 response, antibody production is increased, but if given later, suppressor function is stimulated, thus decreasing antibody production. NA increases both amplifying and suppressing T cell functions in @entity734 responses through stimulation of the alpha 2 adrenoceptor. Alpha 2 adrenoceptor stimulation decreases, and beta adrenoceptor stimulation increases, anti-TNP reactivity. Since an alpha 2 receptor agonist does not affect lectin-stimulated T cell mitogenesis, while a beta receptor agonist depresses it, NA appears to up-regulate T cell functions by affecting their maturation, rather than their clonal expansion.

title: Neuroendocrine regulation of immunity: the effects of @entity1063 in XXXX , the South African clawed toad.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['decreases thymus-dependent']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Permanent sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is a promising emerging treatment for @entity1241 . However, there is little data on morbidity and quality of life (QOL) during long-term stimulation. DESIGN: Prospective trial to assess morbidity and QOL in @entity1 treated with SNS. Median follow-up was 13 months (range, 1-42 months). SETTING: University hospital providing primary, secondary, and tertiary care. @entity1 : Between December 2001 and July 2005, SNS was tested in 44 @entity1 (30 @entity1 ), with a median age of 65 years (range, 15-88 years). INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous nerve evaluation and permanent insertion of an implantable pulse generator. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity, stool diary, and Wexner Score for @entity1241 ; Hanley Score for urinary @entity322 ; and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, the 36-item short form health survey, and the Royal London Hospital questionnaire for QOL. RESULTS: A permanent stimulator was implanted in 37 @entity1 (84%). Eight @entity1 (22%) experienced complications that required surgical intervention. (A successful restimulation was possible for 5 of those @entity1 .) Adverse effects of SNS were remedied in 5 @entity1 by reprogramming the stimulator. Wexner Scores decreased from a median of 16 points preoperatively (range, 6-20), to a median of 5 points postoperatively (range, 0-13; P<.001). The median number of @entity2358 losses and for urge defecations also decreased significantly. Significant improvement in QOL was found in both generic and @entity322 -specific questionnaires (P<.05). The success rate of SNS was 77% (34 of 44 @entity1 ) and 92% (34 of 37) in @entity1 with permanent implantation. CONCLUSIONS: The minimally invasive technique of SNS is safe and effective. Most adverse effects can be easily remedied. Our data demonstrate that SNS significantly improves @entity1 ' QOL, including their physical and psychological well-being.

title: Quality of life and morbidity after permanent sacral nerve stimulation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary stool']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: To describe our diagnostic and therapeutic strategy against @entity0 during the pregnancy. Gestational age at diagnosis of @entity5 was 7; 21 and 25 weeks respectively. @entity1 had stage IV and IIIA of @entity0 in two and one case respectively. They all received chemotherapy, two cases during pregnancy (6TEC and 3AC) and one case after delivery. Bilateral mastectomy was performed in one case. One @entity1 died. The others were alive but all metastatic. @entity1592 was noted in one case. This association leads to delayed diagnosis of @entity5 . Surgery is feasible and the type of intervention is only determined by the @entity5 stage. Chemotherapy is feasible and is associated with @entity532 in the last two quarters of pregnancy.

title: [Synchronous XXXX and pregnancy: about 3 cases at Joliot Curie institute of Dakar (Senegal)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'synchronous, bilateral breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['less foetal complications']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal growth restriction']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['bilateral breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The putative influence of @entity5 location on the biologic behavior of @entity356 remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate if @entity189 arising in the three types of @entity356 ( @entity418 , fundus/body and antrum) have different clinical and pathologic profiles and carry a different prognosis. METHODS: Three hundred and two @entity1 with @entity418 or @entity356 resected between 1984 and 1996 were retrospectively studied. Cases were divided in three groups according to @entity5 location: @entity418 (n = 80); fundus/body (n = 60); antrum (n = 162). The three groups were crosstabulated with clinic and pathologic parameters, such as age, sex, macroscopy, histology, desmoplasia, @entity5 size, depth of @entity5 wall penetration, nodal status, @entity3 and stage. Survival rates were calculated for the three locations according to the aforementioned parameters. Univariate survival analysis and Cox regression were performed for each location. RESULTS: Cases from the @entity418 and fundus/body were similar and distinct from antrum cases according to macroscopy, @entity5 size, depth of wall penetration, @entity3 , nodal status and stage. Cases from fundus/body were similar to antrum cases and distinct from @entity418 cases according to gender and Laur  n's classification. An overall difference in survival between the three locations was observed (p = 0.006). Cumulative survival was better for @entity1 with @entity189 in the antrum than in the @entity418 (p = 0.04) and in the fundus/body (p = 0.003); no significant differences were observed in survival between @entity189 cases. Cox regression identified stage and @entity3 as prognostic factors for @entity1 with @entity189 in the three locations. In the group of @entity5 , older @entity1 had a worse outcome and in the group of @entity189 , large @entity5 were associated with a poorer survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity189 and antrum @entity189 are distinct @entity356 entities whereas @entity189 shares some characteristics from both entities.

title: Clinicopathologic profiles and prognosis of XXXX from the @entity418 , fundus/body and antrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cardia tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cardia carcinoma', 'cardia and fundus/body carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'fundus/body carcinomas', 'fundus/body carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['venous invasion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3347 ( @entity3347 ) in @entity130 @entity1 has not been well studied. We reviewed 10 years of @entity204 at our adult Level I @entity130 center to identify the @entity1 undergoing @entity3347 and to describe the process of @entity130 surgeon-managed @entity3347 . METHODS: This is a retrospective review of @entity3347 . Each @entity1 was assigned to one of three modes of @entity3347 : care withdrawn, limited or no resuscitation, or organ harvest. Frequency, timing, and circumstances of @entity3347 , including family involvement, ethics committee consultation, palliative care, and hospice, were reviewed. RESULTS: From 2000 through 2009, 375 @entity1 died with @entity3347 (54% of all @entity204 ; 93% at >=  24 hours). For age >=  65 years, 80% were @entity3347 . Overall, 15% had advance directive documents. Traumatic brain or high cervical spine injury was the cause of @entity204 in 63%. Factors associated with @entity3347 included age, comorbidities, injury mechanism and severity, and nontrauma activation status. At time of @entity204 , 316 (84%) @entity3347 were under @entity130 surgeon management. In this group, mode of @entity3347 was care withdrawn in 74%, organ harvest in 20%, and limited or no resuscitation in 6%. Rationale for @entity3347 in non-organ harvest @entity1 was poor neurologic prognosis in 86% and futility in 76%. When family was identified, end-of-life discussions with physicians occurred in 100%. Conflicts over @entity3347 occurred in 6.6% and were not associated with any demographic group. Ethics committee was involved in 2.8%. For care-withdrawn @entity1 , median time to @entity204 from first @entity3347 order was 6.6 hours. Palliative care and hospice consults (6% and 9%) increased yearly. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3347 occurred in over 50% of all @entity130 @entity204 and exceeded 90% at >=  24 hours. Hospice and palliative care were increasingly important adjuncts to @entity3347 . Guidelines for @entity3347 should be developed to ensure quality end-of-life care for @entity130 @entity1 in whom further care is futile. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, therapeutic study.

title: Withdrawal of care: a 10-year perspective at a Level I XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['WLC', 'Withdrawal or limitation of care']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sacral neuromodulation (SN) is an emerging treatment for @entity1142 . This review evaluates the mechanism of action, techniques, efficacy, and adverse effects of SN in the management of @entity1142 . METHODS: Electronic searches for studies describing the use of SN were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase. Abstracts were reviewed and full text copies of all relevant articles obtained. RESULTS: Fifty-nine results were obtained on the initial searches. Ten studies discussed the results of SN in @entity1 with @entity1142 . A total of 225 temporary neuromodulations and 125 permanent implants were performed. Bowel diaries showed improvement in assessment criteria in more than 50% of @entity1 on temporary neuromodulation and the results were maintained in approximately 90% of @entity1 who underwent permanent implantation over medium to long-term follow-up. The rate of adverse effects was high, but the majority of them were related to electrode position. Improvements in transit studies and anorectal physiology after neuromodulation were noted in some studies. The recognized limitations included a lack of randomized studies and an inability to perform meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: Sacral neuromodulation may be an effective treatment in selected @entity1 with @entity1142 and should be a part of the management repertoire. Improvement in defecatory frequency with temporary wire placement is a good predictor of subsequent response following permanent implant. Further research into predictive factors for success would improve @entity1 selection.

title: Review of sacral neuromodulation for management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: 1. @entity2945 -reactive protein (PRP) affinity-purified from @entity4576 (Ictalurus punctatus) serum on @entity2945 - @entity3367 , eluted from Bio-Gel A-5M as a 94.6 +/- 2.4 kDa protein when the gel filtration column buffer (Tris-saline) contained 25mM @entity1098 ( @entity1098 ). 2. PRP chelated with @entity1098 immediately after affinity purification and gel-filtered in Tris-saline- @entity1098 , eluted as a 75.5 +/- 2.67 kDa protein referred to as fast-PRP (F-PRP). 3. PRP and F-PRP were identical on @entity214 -PAGE. Both resolved as a broad band of protein (ca 86-100 kDa) on non-reducing gels or as a ca 100 kDa protein after reduction with @entity6514 (2-ME). 4. After gel-filtration in Tris-saline- @entity1098 , nearly complete reduction of 100 kDa PRP was achieved on @entity214 -PAGE. However, the protein regained its resistance to reduction upon storage at -60 degrees C. 5. @entity214 -PAGE and native PAGE also revealed that during storage, PRP and F-PRP combined to form 3 different aggregates referred to as aggregated-PRP (aggPRP). These aggregates are readily dissociated in the presence of 2-ME, suggesting a covalent interaction between adjacent pentamers comprising decameric aggPRPs. 6. PRP, F-PRP, and aggPRP have similar @entity535 compositions.

title: Chelation affects the conformation, lability and aggregation of @entity4576 ( @entity4576 ) XXXX -reactive protein (PRP).

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepharose']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine', 'Phosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['EDTA', 'ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity2945 :: (MESH:D010767,Chemical) :: ['phosphorylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hyperglycaemia is a strong risk factor for the development of @entity8 in @entity1723 but it is uncertain whether it contributes to the progression of incipient or established @entity8 . The rigorous treatment of blood pressure in recent years may help uncover the contribution of hyperglycaemia, if any, to the progression of @entity177 . Our aim therefore, was to assess in a current cohort of insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2316 the relative importance of glycaemic control and blood pressure on disease progression. METHODS: All insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 with persistent @entity633 (> 300 mg/24 h) attending the @entity6 clinic at Guy's Hospital between 1977 and 1993 were recruited. Serial measurements of blood pressure, @entity4051 and GFR were performed every 6 months until @entity454 or @entity204 . Only @entity1 with at least 1 year of follow up were analysed. The mean follow up period was 8 years (range 1.5-15.5 years). Baseline and time dependent variables were related to the rate of change of GFR using weighted linear regression and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The impact of each variable on the change of GFR with time was adjusted for the effect of other potentially confounding variables by analysis of co-variance. RESULTS: @entity1 had well-controlled blood pressure throughout the observation period (mean arterial pressure 97 +/- 8 mmHg) and the average rate of decline of GFR was 4.32 +/- 4.08 ml/min/year. In univariate analysis baseline and mean @entity4051 were linearly related to the rate of decline of GFR (baseline r5-0.565, P < 0.001; mean r-0.5107, P < 0.001) with those with a higher @entity4051 having a faster rate of progression. In stepwise multivariate analysis both mean @entity4051 mean diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.019, respectively) was significantly and independently related with a faster rate of decline of GFR. CONCLUSIONS: Worse glycaemic control is associated with a faster rate of progression of @entity2316 once blood pressure is controlled. Thus improvement of glycaemic control in @entity1 where good blood pressure control has been achieved may potentially further delay the progression of @entity8 .

title: Promoters of progression of XXXX : the relative roles of blood glucose and blood pressure control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: @entity1 registries are valuable tools to study long-term morbidity and mortality of @entity395 . @entity2012 is rare (incidence 3-4/mill/year, prevalence 40-70/mill; approx. 300 new @entity1 /yr and up to 5700 @entity1 in Germany). Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities have considerably improved, but treatment results remain often unsatisfactory. The main cause is residual disease activity after surgery, most importantly due to invasive macroadenomas. The German @entity2012 Registry is an initiative of the Pituitary Study Group of the German Endocrine Society (DGE). Formally established in January 2003 by the Board of the DGE, long-term financial support is guaranteed by an unrestricted grant from Novartis Pharma GmbH to the DGE. The registry cooperates closely with the United Kingdom and the Austrian registries. The aim of the German @entity2012 Registry is to establish a database of sufficient epidemiological strength in order to (1) document co-morbidity and mortality, (2) provide data on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures/effectiveness, (3) enable comparison of procedures in different national centres, (4) provide information for @entity1 support groups/interaction with health care providers, (5) enable comparison with other national registries within Europe. The registry has at present 82 participating centres, and 42 have included @entity1 (20 university clinics, 8 non-university hospitals, 14 centres in private practice). The database aims to include all acromegalic @entity1 in Germany who are cared for and treated at present. Up to December 2005 1543 @entity1 have been entered in a retrospective manner. Data collection is by external monitoring by highly trained study nurses who visit the individual centres. Inclusion is planned to continue at a rate of 500 per year. Starting in 2005 centres are revisited every 3 years at a rate of 500 per year (prospective phase of the registry). Quality of the data has been validated by an independent monitoring team which demonstrated high data concordance. CONCLUSIONS: Initial results of the German @entity2012 Registry show that it was possible to include a large number of @entity1 within 3 years into the registry. Data quality has been validated and shown to be satisfactory. Therefore, the registry will be a useful tool to study long-term morbidity and mortality in a large series of @entity1 .

title: The German XXXX Registry: description of the database and initial results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['Acromegaly']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of @entity6058 in the treatment of @entity158 refractory to the administration of local anesthetic alone. DESIGN: Intraoperative acute- @entity158 treatment model consisting of awake, nonsedated @entity1 who randomly received either an opioid or a study drug in a double-blind fashion. SETTING: University medical center. @entity1 : Eighty @entity1 who underwent breast biopsy, lumpectomy, or central venous catheter placement. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received either @entity6058 1 mg/kg intravenously (IV) up to a total dose of 60 mg or @entity3575 3 micrograms/kg IV up to a total dose of 250 micrograms to supplement the local anesthetic. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity158 evaluation and the visual analog scale (VAS) were used for perioperative measurement of @entity158 . Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded before and after analgesic drug injections at 10-minute intervals, both intraoperatively and while the @entity1 was in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Speed of recovery was quantified by p-deletion and digit substitution tests on admission to the PACU and at 30-minute intervals until discharge. The frequency of @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity111 were recorded. There were no differences between the groups in perioperative @entity551 , diastolic blood pressure, or RR. @entity1 who received @entity6058 exhibited a significantly lower frequency of intraoperative and postoperative medication administration intraoperatively, than those who received @entity3575 . No additional @entity158 medication was required by @entity1 in the PACU in either group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6058 is a useful alternative to @entity3575 for the treatment of @entity158 refractory to the administration of local anesthetic alone during monitored anesthesia care. A decided advantage of @entity6058 over @entity3575 is the absence of @entity390 and @entity391 in the intraoperative and postoperative periods.

title: @entity6058 or XXXX to supplement local anesthesia?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac', 'Ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'intraoperative pain', 'Verbal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['verbal pain evaluation, VAS scores, HR, systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity135 ( @entity135 ) has produced conflict between visual and vestibular stimuli because the @entity135 image does not move with the head motion of the wearer. The @entity135 can show binocular parallax three-dimensional (3D) images, in which vergence and accommodation conflict. Thus, the @entity135 may affect the normal @entity227 . We attempted to develop a system that makes possible the measurement of torsional eye movements, vergence eye movements, and pupillary responses of the @entity135 wearer. METHODS: Our apparatus is composed of two infrared CCD cameras installed in the @entity135 . Iris images produced by these cameras are analyzed by a personal computer using free software. Further, a third camera fixed on the @entity135 projects an image of the view as the subject sees it, via video tape recorder or frame memory to the @entity135 . Images can be stored, replayed, or frozen. RESULTS: Our system can measure torsional eye movement with 0.20 degrees resolution every 1/30 ( @entity42929 ) seconds even though the pupil size alternates during measurement. @entity1319 and pupillary response are also measured. CONCLUSION: A system was developed which can be used for assessment of the effect of 3D @entity135 on the visual system. A third camera coupled with @entity135 can control visual stimulus independently of head motion (vestibular stimulus).

title: Use of infrared TV cameras built into head-mounted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-mounted display', 'HMD']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual/vestibular functions']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Binocular eye movement']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['display to measure torsional eye movements']


abstract: A process, outcome and salary-cost analysis was made of the use of a @entity293 / @entity365 protocol. Three nurse practitioners, in a university-based, walk-in clinic, cared for 128 @entity1 presenting with complaints of @entity3833 or vaginal discharge, or both. There were no significant differences among the nurse practitioners in data collection, diagnostic accuracy or @entity1 outcome. The diagnoses were correct in 92 percent, incorrect in 6 percent and indeterminate in 2 percent of the @entity1 . Incorrect diagnoses were due to presumption of @entity293 in @entity1 with the @entity6369 or @entity365 . Of the @entity1 , 78 percent were actually sent home without seeing a physician. Concordance with the nurse practitioners' physical examination was 100 percent in those @entity1 examined by a physician. In 82 percent of the @entity1 there was alleviation of symptoms. @entity1 satisfaction with this method of care was extraordinary, with 98 percent of the @entity1 giving favorable reports. True physician extension was achieved with a reduction in physician time per @entity1 from 20 minutes to 6 minutes. In contrast to previously reported data, only a modest reduction in salary cost savings (10 percent) could be shown. The author concludes that nurse practitioners working in an acute care clinic or emergency department can see the @entity1 defined in the study and provide high-quality care at a reasonable cost.

title: Urinary tract infection/ XXXX protocol. Use in a walk-in clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethral syndrome']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginitis']


abstract: Sex chromosome aberrations commonly lead to abnormal sexual development. Here we cytogenetically and molecularly characterized Y isochromosome in an intersex @entity1641 . Blood lymphocyte analysis showed a mosaic karyotype with 96% 63,XO and 4% 64,Xi(Y) cells. Molecular analysis of the isochromosome was carried out by fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction with male-specific and pseudoautosomal markers from the @entity1641 Y chromosome. We found that the isochromosome was monocentric, composed of 2 long arms, carrying 2 sets of genes of the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) and the male-specific region of the Y (MSY), including the @entity38647 - thus being genetically equivalent to Y disomy. Sequence analysis of a 1,955-bp region including the @entity38647 exon, the promoter and the UTRs, revealed no mutations in the aberrant Y. The presence of an intact @entity38647 in a small proportion of cells is the proposed cause for the intersex phenotype. Given that the i(Yq) was present in a mosaic form, both post-zygotic and meiotic mechanisms of its origin were proposed. We speculated that nonmosaic 64,Xi(Yq) karyotypes might be rare or absent because of the likely instability of the i(Yq) during cell division. Genetic and phenotypic implications of Y isochromosome formation in other mammals are discussed in the light of the diversity of Y chromosome organization between species.

title: Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of Y isochromosome in a 63XO/64Xi(Yq) mosaic karyotype of an intersex XXXX .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: NCCN guidelines recommend 1 or 2 cm margins for @entity320 1-2 mm (T2 @entity320 ) in depth; however, no head-to-head comparison has been performed. We hypothesized 1- or 2-cm margins would have similar local recurrence (LR) and overall survival (OS). METHODS: An institutional database was queried for @entity1 with 1.0-2.0 mm @entity320 treated from July 1995 to January 2011. All had wide excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. @entity1 without documented surgical margins or follow-up were excluded. Clinicopathologic and recurrence data were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of 2,118 @entity1 , 1,225 met study criteria. Of these, 576 had complete data: 224 (38.9%) had 1 cm margins and 352 (61.1%), 2 cm margins. Median follow-up was 38 months. Mean age was 52.6 years (range 11.3-86.7). Mean thickness was 1.27 and 1.48 mm (1 and 2 cm, respectively, p<0.001) with @entity1066 more common in the 2 cm group (12.3 and 21.3%, respectively; p=0.009). LR was 3.6 and 0.9% in the 1 cm versus 2 cm group, respectively (p=0.044). OS was 29.1 months with 1 cm and 43.7 months in the 2 cm group. On multivariate analysis, only head and neck location and nodal status were associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, 1 cm margins were associated with a small increase in LR that did not impact OS. This is concordant with the NCCN recommendations; however, a prospective, randomized trial would be optimal.

title: 1 or 2 cm margins of excision for T2 XXXX : do they impact recurrence or survival?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, affecting mainly the joint but also other tissues. @entity309 @entity1 usually present weakness and @entity2057 , nonarticular manifestations of the disease. Although causing great impact, the understanding of @entity2057 , its development, and the mechanisms involved is still very limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate the development of @entity2057 in skeletal muscle of a @entity19 model of @entity625 . METHODS: The experimental @entity19 model of @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) was used. DBA/1J @entity19 were randomly divided into three groups: control (CO, n   =   25), sham @entity625 (SA, n   =   25), and @entity625 ( @entity1753 , n   =   28), analyzed in different time points: 25, 35, and 45  days after the induction of @entity625 . The @entity625 development was followed by clinical scores and hind paw @entity4 three times a week. The spontaneous exploratory locomotion and weight were evaluated weekly. In all time points, serum was collected before the death of the animals for cytokine analysis, and myofiber cross-sectional areas (CSA) of gastrocnemius (GA) and tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscles were evaluated. RESULTS: The clinical parameters of @entity625 progressively increased in @entity1753 in all experimental times, demonstrating the greatest difference from other groups at 45  days after induction (clinical score: CO, 00        00; SA, 1.00        0.14; @entity1753 , 3.28        0.41 p   >   0.05). The @entity1753 animals had lower weights during all the experimentation periods with a difference of 6  % from CO at 45  days (p   >   0.05). @entity1753 animals also demonstrated progressive decrease in distance walked, with a reduction of 54  % in 35 and 74  % at 45  days. Cytokine analysis identified significant increase in @entity777 serum levels in @entity1753 than CO and SA in all experimental times. CSA of the myofiber of GA and TA was decreased 26 and 31  % (p   >   0.05) in @entity1753 in 45  days after the induction of disease, respectively. There was significant and inverse correlation between the disease clinical score and myofiber CSA in 45  days (GA: r   =   -0.71; p   =   0.021). CONCLUSION: Our results point to a progressive development of @entity2057 , with premature onset @entity625 . These observations are relevant to understand the development of @entity121 , as well as for the design of future studies trying to understand the mechanisms involved in @entity2057 . As far as we are concerned, this is the first study to evaluate the relation between disease score and @entity2057 in a model of @entity625 .

title: Temporal development of XXXX in @entity19 model of @entity625 is related to disease severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy', 'muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle atrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives. To clarify what kind of pathological factor is necessary for the extension of @entity5 diameter in localized @entity1358 , we studied localized @entity1358 @entity1 . Methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 237 @entity1358 @entity1 in our institute who underwent nephrectomy. We performed immune histological analysis of @entity1476 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 , @entity1552 , and @entity1551 for all samples. Results. Among the clinicopathological factors, multivariate analysis revealed nuclear grade; @entity1552 and @entity1551 were independent prognostic factors of localized @entity1358 (risk ratio 1.50, p = 0.037, risk ratio 1.12, p = 0.008, and risk ratio 1.84, p = 0.045, resp.). By the multiple logistic regression analysis among pT1a versus pT1b, @entity2843 was an independent factor (risk ratio 3.30, p = 0.010) whereas all @entity2558 versus pT2a and all @entity2558 + pT2a versus pT2b high nuclear grade (risk ratio 5.15, p = 0.0015) and Micro vessel invasion (MVI, risk ratio 3.08, p = 0.002) were independent factors. For all @entity2558 + pT2a versus pT2b, nuclear grade (risk ratio 3.39, p = 0.020) and MVI (risk ratio 2.91, p = 0.018) were independent factors. Conclusion. Higher expression of @entity2843 is necessary for advancement @entity5 diameter from pT1a to pT1b, and a process of @entity5 diameter extension beyond @entity2558 and pT2a category needs presence of MVI and high nuclear grade.

title: @entity2843 as well as Microvessel Invasion and High Nuclear Grade Is a Significant Determinant Factor for Extension of Tumor Diameter in Localized XXXX .

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['RCC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity37302 , a potent cytolytic agent, causes an increase in cytosolic free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) via activation of @entity141 -permeable, non-selective cation channels (CaNSC). Channel activation is followed by formation of large endogenous pores that allow @entity5611 and @entity2667 -based vital dyes to enter the cell. Although activation of these cytolytic/oncotic pores, or COP, precedes release of @entity880 dehydrogenase, an indication of oncotic cell death, the relationship between CaNSC, COP, membrane lysis, and the associated changes in cell morphology has not been clearly defined. In the present study, the effect @entity37302 on [ @entity141 ]i, vital dye uptake, @entity880 dehydrogenase release, and membrane blebbing was examined in @entity291 aortic endothelial cells. RESULTS: @entity37302 produced a concentration-dependent increase in [ @entity141 ]i followed by a biphasic uptake of @entity5611 . Comparison of @entity5611 (Mw 314 Da), @entity30826 (Mw 375 Da), and @entity42128 (Mw 715 Da) showed that the rate of dye uptake during the first phase was inversely proportional to molecular weight, whereas the second phase appeared to be all-or-nothing. The second phase of dye uptake correlated in time with the release of @entity880 dehydrogenase. Uptake of vital dyes at the single cell level, determined by time-lapse videomicroscopy, was also biphasic. The first phase was associated with formation of small membrane blebs, whereas the second phase was associated with @entity384 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity37302 -induced @entity141 influx in @entity291 aortic endothelial cells is followed by activation of COP. COP formation is associated with controlled membrane blebbing which ultimately gives rise to uncontrolled @entity384 , @entity880 dehydrogenase release, and oncotic cell death.

title: XXXX -induced membrane blebbing and cell death in @entity291 aortic endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity37302 :: ('MESH:C020394', 'Chemical') :: ['Maitotoxin', 'maitotoxin']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['bleb dilation', 'dramatic bleb dilation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity37302 :: (MESH:C020394,Chemical) :: ['Maitotoxin']


abstract: The largest excess in @entity5 incidence due to pollution (616%) was observed in the fish species: Ictalurus nebulosis (the brown bullhead). Extensive analysis of waters on the Fox River in Illinois disclosed a heavy chemical and physical organic and inorganic materials far exceeding State and Federal minimal safety standards. Additional tests showed the presence of numerous @entity1 viral agents in the Fox River. Certain chemicals in the water appear to be potential carcinogens for fish. Two types of @entity1778 were found in 11% of the @entity15830 caught in the Fox River. It is hypothesized that these @entity1778 might also be of viral etiology. Experiments were conducted on @entity15830 caught in the Fox River. It is hypothesized that these @entity1778 might also be of viral etiology. Experiments were conducted on @entity15830 ( @entity15830 ). Interest centered around the possible viral origin of @entity89 in that species. Cell-free filtrates of this @entity5 were inoculated into a test group of fish from pollution-free waters. At the end of seven weeks, @entity1893 developed in 89% of the fish inoculated with cell-free homogenates. Control fish receiving inoculation of either Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) or normal tissues and kept in separate tanks at all times did not develop @entity1893 .

title: XXXX in fish caught in polluted waters: possible explanations.

entities_list: @entity15830 :: ('8010', 'Species') :: ['Esox lucius', 'Northern Pike']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['lymphosarcoma of the jaw']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['lymphosarcomas', 'lymphosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased prevalence of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in @entity1 with @entity2023 ( @entity1240 ) has been reported. Our previous study showed that @entity1 with untreated @entity1240 had higher @entity71 scores than did the controls. OBJECTIVE: This prospective follow-up study aimed to investigate whether elevated @entity71 scores in @entity1 with @entity1240 could be decreased by @entity1240 treatment. METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 with @entity1240 ( @entity1240 , 6-14 years) and who were drug naive were enrolled and evaluated by @entity1240 symptom score, @entity71 symptom scores, and computerized continuous performance test, before and after @entity1240 therapy, which included nonpharmacologic intervention, oral antihistamines, and topical @entity230 . Thirty-one age-matched controls and 13 @entity1 with pure @entity71 were also enrolled for comparison. The relationship between the @entity1240 and @entity71 score change was analyzed by a partial correlation test, and univariate and multivariate linear regression models were applied to investigate possible predictors for the improvement of @entity71 scores by @entity1240 treatment. RESULTS: @entity1240 symptom scores in @entity1 with @entity1240 decreased significantly after treatment (p < 0.001), and their @entity71 scores also decreased significantly (p < 0.001). An improved @entity1240 symptom score was positively correlated with improved detectability (rp = 0.617, p = 0.001) and commission error (rp = 0.511, p = 0.011). Significant predictors for the improvement of @entity71 scores included age, @entity1240 drugs, @entity1240 subtypes, and multiple @entity66 (ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Higher @entity71 scores in @entity1 with @entity1240 compared with healthy controls decreased significantly with @entity1240 treatment. For @entity1 with @entity1240 and borderline @entity71 symptoms, who do not meet full @entity71 diagnostic criteria, we recommend initially treating their @entity1240 and monitoring improvement of @entity71 symptoms.

title: @entity71 /hyperactivity disorder-related symptoms improved with @entity2023 treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Mitochondria have @entity20672 and @entity40078 activity. It has been an unsettled issue whether mitochondrial @entity20672 is encoded by @entity35145 . Unlike the @entity40078 gene which encodes @entity40078 with alternative transcription and translation start sites determining the subcellular localization of @entity40078 , the @entity35145 gene appears to have a single translation start site. Additionally, mitochondrial @entity20672 has been shown to have different chromatographic and kinetic properties from the cytosolic @entity35145 . We studied @entity19 liver mitochondrial @entity20672 activity in homozygous @entity35145 -knockout @entity19 . Mitochondria were enriched at the density of 1.10 g/ml in the Percoll gradients as shown by electron microscopy. The @entity274 -reducing @entity20672 activity in the highly enriched mitochondrial fraction of wild-type @entity19 liver is 2700 mU/mg which is about one-half of specific activity found in cytosol. There is less than 0.5% @entity20672 activity in the cytosol and no @entity20672 activity in the mitochondria of @entity35145 -knockout @entity19 liver compared to the cytosol of wild-type @entity19 liver using @entity274 or @entity2470 as the substrate. The fact that the knockout @entity19 express normal levels of plasma @entity20672 as well as testis and liver @entity40078 activity indicates that animals are not @entity4259 -deficient. Based on these observations, we concluded that mitochondrial @entity20672 is the product of the @entity35145 gene.

title: The @entity35145 gene encodes mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase in the XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity2470 :: ('MESH:C007164', 'Chemical') :: ['cumene hydroperoxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: There are controversial views as to whether intratumoral or peritumoral lymphatics play a dominant role in the metastatic process. Most clinical observations originate from studies of @entity694 . Colon contains mucosa and submucosa rich in lymphatics and with high lymph formation rate. This seems to be a prerequisite for easy @entity3 of @entity5 cells to regional lymph nodes. However, there are other tissues as pancreas with a rudimentary lymphatic network where @entity5 @entity3 formation is as intensive as in @entity694 . This contradicts the common notion that intratumor lymphatics play major role in metastases. We visualized interstitial space and lymphatics in the central and peripheral regions of @entity694 using the color stereoscopic lymphography and simultaneously immunohistochemical performed stainings specific for lymphatic and blood endothelial cells. The density of open and compressed lymphatic and blood vessels was measured in the @entity5 core and edge. There were very few lymphatics in the @entity694 core but numerous minor fluid "lakes" with no visible connection to the peritumoral lymphatics. Lining of "lakes" did not express molecular markers specific for lymphatic endothelial cells. Dense connective tissue surrounding @entity5 foci did not contain lymphatics. Peritumoral lymphatics were irregularly distributed in both types of @entity5 and only sporadically contained cells that might be @entity5 cells. Similar @entity15803 were seen in @entity694 despite of different structure of both tissues. This suggests a uniform reaction of tissues to the growing @entity5 irrespective of the affected organ.

title: Lack of functioning intratumoral lymphatics in XXXX tissue.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and pancreas tumor', 'colon cancer', 'colon and pancreas cancer', 'colon and pancreas tumors']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoscintigraphic and histological pictures']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon and pancreas cancer']


abstract: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs- @entity1851 ) has been shown to be linked with immune stimulation, but is not well studied over the lifetime in @entity4784 . hs- @entity1851 was measured by standard laboratory methods in @entity734 ( @entity734 ) @entity1 and @entity734 ( @entity734 ) aged 18-48 years. Data were log transformed to improve normality. 1231 @entity734 were compared with 326 @entity734 @entity1 of comparable ages. hs- @entity1851 was 7.46    14.24 versus 4.75    13.40 mg/l (mean    SD) significantly higher in the @entity734 group (P < 0.0001), a difference which persisted after exclusion of acutely elevated hs- @entity1851 values (P < 0.0001). In multiple regression with age, addictive status was significant both by itself (P < 0.0001) and in interaction with age (P < 0.0001). At age 40 years, the @entity734 group had a mean hs- @entity1851 of 3.68 which the @entity734 group did not achieve till a modelled age of 157.09 years. In an interactive multivariate regression, interactions between age, addictive status, ALT and AST were significant. These data show that hs- @entity1851 is elevated in @entity4784 both per se, and when controlled for age. Furthermore, they suggest that hs- @entity1851 and immune stimulation seen in @entity4784 may underlie the acceleration of age-related multi-system chronic and coronary @entity731 well described in @entity4784 .

title: High-sensitivity @entity1851 in XXXX : relative and age-dependent elevations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opiate dependence', 'opiate addiction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'non-SUD', 'NSUD', 'SUD']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opiate addiction']


abstract: @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ) is an important determinant of cardiovascular function and organ perfusion, and it is the target of infusion and diuretic therapies in daily clinical practice. Despite its fundamental importance @entity8450 is not commonly measured because available methods of tracer dilution are reliant on dye substances that suffer from numerous drawbacks including binding plasma proteins, spectral changes, and clearance kinetics that complicate analysis and interpretation. To address these issues, we have tested the utility of fluorescent nanoparticles comprised of a dye-rich @entity3440 core and @entity968 -coated shell. Photophysical and visual analysis showed discrete size-gradated nanoparticle populations could be synthesized within a distribution tolerance of   4 nm, which were optically unaffected in the presence of plasma/albumin. In normal @entity19 , the cutoff for renal filtration of nanoparticles from blood into urine was  <=11 nm. A linear relationship between body weight and @entity8450 was readily determined in @entity19 administered far red fluorescent nanoparticles sized either 20 or 30 nm. @entity8450 measurements using nanoparticles were correlated to values obtained with @entity5934 . Induced expansion or contraction of @entity8450 was demonstrated with albumin or @entity1483 administration, respectively, in @entity19 . Longitudinal experiments >30 min required matched untreated control @entity19 to correct for @entity393 (   30%) putatively to the reticuloendothelial/phagocyte system. Collectively, the findings support a nanotechnology-based solution to methodological problems in measure of @entity8450 , notably in clinical settings where information on hemodynamic changes may improve treatment of @entity66 .

title: Measurement of plasma volume using fluorescent XXXX -based nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury and disease']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity5934 :: ('MESH:C536380', 'Disease') :: ['Evans blue dye']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['nanoparticle loss']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'Plasma volume']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: Myelosuppression continues to represent the major dose-limiting @entity137 of @entity5 chemotherapy. @entity1398 and its complications, including @entity1398 , occur most often early in the course of treatment but are often underreported in clinical trials. In addition to associated morbidity, mortality, and cost, myelosuppression is often associated with reduced chemotherapy dose intensity. Reduction in chemotherapy dose intensity may compromise disease control and survival in @entity1 with curable @entity5 . Several investigators have argued, based on retrospective reviews of large clinical trials, that myelosuppression and @entity1398 are surrogates for delivered dose intensity with @entity1 encountering @entity1398 events uniformly experiencing better survival. While the number of randomized trials in which @entity1 were deliberately assigned to reduced dose intensity are limited, they consistently demonstrate poorer long-term outcomes in @entity1 with responsive and potentially curable @entity5 . The design and implementation of such studies are limited by both ethical concerns and study power and sample size considerations. Recent interest in dose dense schedules also suggests that such an approach may further increase the proportion of @entity1 surviving for 5 years or more. Despite the compelling data available, national practice pattern surveys in the United States have consistently demonstrated a high frequency of dose reductions and delays such that more than half of @entity1 being treated with curative intent receive significantly reduced dose intensity. This review will summarize and discuss the reasons for such undertreatment and strategies available to avoid dose reductions and delays. Randomized controlled trials as well as meta-analyses of those trials have demonstrated that the myeloid growth factors, in addition to reducing the risk and consequences of @entity1398 , are capable of sustaining or increasing chemotherapy dose intensity. Recent economic studies suggest that due to the impact of greater relative dose intensity on long-term outcomes, growth factor support to sustain dose intensity is both an effective and cost-effective management strategy. The delivery of optimal chemotherapy dose intensity in @entity1 with potentially curable @entity5 should be considered a major quality indicator in @entity5 @entity1 care.

title: Chemotherapy dose intensity and quality XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In recent years, many studies have revealed the prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). In general, some clinic-pathological parameters have been related with prognosis. The aim of this study is to detect the relationship among lymphatic vessel density (LVD), microvessel density (MVD), expression of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) mRNA, @entity3 suppressor genes ( @entity14048 and @entity33913 ), and the prognosis of @entity1149 @entity1 . METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 57 cases of @entity1149 . The transcription of @entity787 mRNA was detected via nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and micro-fluid chip. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of LVD, MVD, @entity14048 and @entity33913 in the @entity1 . All follow-up data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The overall five-year survival rate was 18%, and the median survival was 34 months. TNM stage, lymph node @entity3 , and expression of MVD, LVD, @entity787 mRNA and @entity33913 were factors to survival, as determined via single survival analysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TNM stage, lymph node @entity3 , and expression of @entity787 mRNA were independent prognostic factors for @entity1149 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The expression of MVD, LVD, @entity33913 and @entity787 mRNA is related to the prognosis of @entity1149 .

title: [Relationship among the expression of lymphatic vessel density, microvessel density, carcinoembryonic antigenic mRNA, XXXX , and @entity33913 , and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity14048 :: (3732,Gene) :: ['KAI1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Studies regarding the effects of parity on blood pressure in later life produced conflicting results. The aim of our study is to analyse whether parity influences the prevalence of @entity101 in perimenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: One thousand perimenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age 55.2  5.4 years) were enrolled with a median follow-up of 63.0 months. The study sample consisted of @entity1 who self-referred, in 1998-2009, to the BenEssere Donna Clinic, dedicated to @entity74 . RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two (12.2%) @entity1 were nulliparous and 878 (87.8%) had at least one @entity1 . Thirty-four (27.9%) @entity1 among nulliparous and 326 (37.1%) among parous were @entity101 at baseline (P=0.046) and 812 @entity1 (81.2%) were in their postmenopausal period. Univariate analysis showed that @entity1 with one or more @entity1 were at higher risk of being @entity101 [odds ratio (OR): 1.529; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.006-2.324; P=0.047]. Likewise, multivariate analysis revealed that parity (OR: 2.907; 95% CI: 1.290-6.547; P=0.010), BMI (OR: 1.097; 95% CI: 1.048-1.149; P<0.001) and family history of @entity101 (OR: 3.623; 95% CI: 2.231-5.883; P<0.001) were independently related to @entity101 at baseline. In a subanalysis of 640 initially normotensive @entity1 , 109 (17.0%) @entity1 developed @entity101 after follow-up, without a statistically significant association with parity (13.6% in nulliparous versus 17.6% in parous; P=0.362). Consistently, parity showed no relationship with the incidence of @entity101 during follow-up (OR: 1.350; 95% CI: 0.707-2.579; P=0.363). CONCLUSION: For the first time in a population of White perimenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 , parity was demonstrated to be independently associated with early @entity101 during menopausal transition. Conversely, postmenopausal @entity101 was not related with parity.

title: Parity as predictor of early XXXX during menopausal transition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['menopause-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Changes in plants following insect attack are referred to as induced responses. These responses are widely viewed as a form of defence against further insect attack. In the current study we explore whether it is possible to make generalizations about induced plant responses given the unpredictability and variability observed in insect-plant interactions. Experiments were conducted to test for consistency in the responses of two congeneric thrips, Frankliniella schultzei Trybom and Frankliniella occidentalis Pergrande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to @entity2708 seedlings ( @entity2708 Linneaus (Malvales: Malvaceae)) damaged by various insect herbivores. In dual-choice experiments that compared intact and damaged @entity2708 seedlings, F. schultzei was attracted to seedlings damaged by @entity13708 (H  bner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), @entity7213 (Koch) (Trombidiforms: Tetranychidae), Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), F. schultzei and F. occidentalis but not to mechanically damaged seedlings. In similar tests, F. occidentalis was attracted to undamaged @entity2708 seedlings when simultaneously exposed to seedlings damaged by @entity13708 , T. molitor or F. occidentalis. However, when exposed to F. schultzei or @entity7213 damaged plants, F. occidentalis was more attracted towards damaged plants. A quantitative relationship was also apparent, F. schultzei showed increased attraction to damaged seedlings as the density of @entity7213 or F. schultzei increased. In contrast, although F. occidentalis demonstrated increased attraction to plants damaged by higher densities of @entity7213 , there was a negative relationship between attraction and the density of damaging conspecifics. Both species showed greater attraction to @entity7213 damaged seedlings than to seedlings damaged by conspecifics. Results demonstrate that the responses of both species of thrips were context dependent, making generalizations difficult to formulate.

title: How predictable are the behavioral responses of insects to herbivore induced changes in plants? Responses of two congeneric thrips to induced XXXX plants.

entities_list: @entity13708 :: ('29058', 'Species') :: ['Helicoverpa armigera', 'H. armigera']

entities_list: @entity7213 :: ('32264', 'Species') :: ['T. urticae', 'Tetranychus urticae']

entities_list: @entity2708 :: ('3635', 'Species') :: ['cotton', 'Gossypium hirsutum']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: AIM: The objectives were to determine the prevalence and outcome of @entity101 , significant microerythrocyturia and @entity644 among @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) due to Burkitt-type @entity1893 (BNHL). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data of @entity1 with BNHL/ @entity810 was undertaken. RESULTS: Nine of 23 (39.13%) BHNL/ @entity810 @entity1 aged 5-14 years were found to have significant microerythrocyturia and @entity644 as urinary markers of @entity631 ( @entity631 ). Eight of nine were @entity101 with @entity101 ( @entity101 ) in three, and @entity712 ( @entity5149 )/ @entity4 in six. Three of nine @entity1 (33.3%) died from these complications; two from @entity5149 and one from a combination of @entity5149 and @entity101 . A fourth @entity204 was due to uraemia. Treatments with cytotoxic drugs and anti- @entity5 lysis syndrome therapy resulted in normotension, improved clinical outcome and normalisation of laboratory features of @entity810 and @entity631 in all five (55.6%) survivors. CONCLUSION: We conclude that all the @entity1 with BNHL/ @entity810 had enlarged kidneys and evidence of @entity8 . The mechanism of the @entity8 is unclear. It is associated with a high mortality rate.

title: @entity101 , erythrocyturia and @entity644 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive encephalopathy', 'HTE', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity1 with primary recurrent @entity11 and @entity463 , were treated with @entity3600 ( @entity3600 ) and the @entity4664 inhibitor @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ). There were 5 brain stem, 1 cerebellar, and 32 supratentorial @entity5 . All had been treated with surgery (except in the case of 4 @entity3308 for which biopsies were not obtained) and radiotherapy. Eight @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy. Of the 21 @entity1 with evaluable supratentorial @entity11 , 2 (9.5%) had a partial response and 10 (47.6%) had stable disease. The median time to @entity5 progression for the @entity11 has not been attained yet. However, median survival for these 12 @entity1 was 119 weeks measured from the initiation of chemotherapy. Median survival for the entire anaplastic glioma group of 21 was 56 weeks. Minimal activity was seen against @entity463 multiforme. The median time to @entity5 progression was 8 weeks with median survival of 21 weeks. Of the 5 @entity1 with @entity3308 , 3 are alive with stable disease at 77, 93, and 220 weeks. The combination was well tolerated with dose-limiting @entity137 being myelosuppression and @entity393 . Further trials are warranted to compare the combination of @entity3600 and @entity11747 against @entity3600 alone in a prospective randomized trial.

title: Treatment of recurrent @entity11 with XXXX and @entity11747 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glioma tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['BCNU', '1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine', 'DFMO']

answer: @entity3600 :: (MESH:D002330,Chemical) :: ['1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']