abstract: Metastatic @entity409 is a challenging and life-threatening situation often with dismal prognosis. Nearly half of the @entity1 with @entity14 develop liver @entity3 during the course of their diseases. Hepatic resection is the treatment of choice in @entity1 with @entity14 . This study was conducted to compare the results of @entity1 undergoing simultaneous liver and colorectal resection for synchronous liver @entity3 and of those for whom a colorectal and liver resection was made separately. A retrospective analysis was performed on 1597 @entity1 who underwent surgery because of @entity14 between January 1999 and December 2008. The results of the treatment were separately evaluated in case of the 152 @entity1 who had liver @entity3 . The proportion of the liver @entity3 was 9.52%. The @entity3 arose in 40.8% from the rectum and in 31.8% from the sigmoid colon. It proved to be inoperable in 109 (71.7%) of the 152 @entity1 who had liver @entity3 . Simultaneous liver resection was performed because of synchronous @entity3 in 14 (32.6%) cases (Group 1) and two step resection in 29 (67.4%) cases (Group 2). In case of synchronous operations only minor liver surgery was done. The mean size of the @entity3 was 2.6 cm in diameter in Group 1 and 4.6 cm in Group 2 (p<0.005). The transfused blood volume was 0.3 U/ @entity1 . Only minor complications could be observed in Group 1. The hospitalization was 13.1 days in Group 1 and 11.7 days in Group 2. The mean survival time was 37.3 and 47.9 months (p<0.005). Simultaneous liver resection seems to be a safe procedure on those @entity1 who develop small @entity3 with a limited number. However, the optimal timing of the liver resection and the identification of @entity1 who will have the greatest benefit in survival still remain obscure.

title: [Surgical treatment of liver @entity3 in XXXX with simultaneous liver resection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a population-based study of incidence and screening rates for secondary breast and @entity14 after @entity1204 and to assess implications for follow-up. METHODS: This was a retrospective population-based study from administrative databases. The inception cohort included all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1204 in Ontario, Canada from 1996 to 2000, without a previous history of breast or @entity14 . We ascertained 5-year recurrence and overall survival rates and practitioner type during follow-up. Primary outcomes were age-standardized incidence and screening rates of breast and @entity14 during follow-up compared with the general female population. RESULTS: There were 3,473 @entity1 in the cohort. The 5-year recurrence rate was 15.0% and overall survival was 79.3%. Family physicians were most often involved in follow-up care. Age-standardized incidence rates of breast and @entity14 were 0.5% and 0.7%, respectively, compared with 0.5% (P=.76) and 0.2% (P<.001) in the general population. Age-standardized screening rates for these @entity5 were 64.0% and 30.0%, respectively, compared with 31.0% (P<.008) and 15.0% (P<.001) in the general population. @entity1 aged older than 70 years and those with the lowest income were least likely to have secondary @entity5 screening. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1204 have a comparable risk of @entity0 but higher risk of @entity14 compared with the general population. Follow-up after @entity1204 should include counseling and uptake of secondary @entity5 prevention strategies, which will contribute to maximizing long-term survivorship for these @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Secondary XXXX prevention during follow-up for @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity11989 ( @entity2026 or neglect) are a regular concomitant symptom of cortical, and, occasionally, subcortical @entity2806 . In 19 @entity1 with @entity75 (eight with @entity11989 , 11 without @entity11989 ), F/V-SPECT was employed to search for changes in @entity16417 in both, lesions and ipsilateral cortex. Results were correlated with @entity11989 and MRI findings. Compared to the unaffected hemisphere, all @entity75 showed reduced regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) (-16 to -23%), increased regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) (+34 to +62%), and decreased or missing @entity16417 (-27 to -28%). Compared to MRI, there was no difference in lesion size in the @entity1031 . Hemodynamic low-flow @entity1188 , however, were greater with SPECT than in MRI. In @entity1 without @entity11989 , the adjacent cortex was normal in SPECT and MRI. In addition, @entity1 with @entity11989 revealed reduced @entity13279 (-18%), increased rCBV (+19%), and decreased @entity16417 (-22%) in the adjacent cortex. MRI was normal in the same cortical area. These results indicate that @entity11989 in @entity75 may be caused by a hemodynamic mechanism causing reduction of @entity16417 in the adjacent cortex.

title: [Determination of regional cerebrovascular perfusion reserve ( XXXX ) using quantitative flow/volume (F/V)-SPECT. Results in @entity1 with subcortical @entity75 with or without neuropsychological symptoms].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic lesions']

answer: @entity16417 :: (29441(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['rCPR']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Perivascular Lumbar plexus inguinal block, (3-in-1 block) has been used for postoperative @entity1337 . This study aimed at comparing postoperative @entity1337 of 3-in-1 block and spinal @entity1286 in @entity1 submitted to lower limb orthopedic surgeries (LL). METHODS: Forty ASA I - II @entity1 of both genders, aged 15 to 75 years, scheduled for LL orthopedic surgeries, were distributed in two groups: (M and LPB). Spinal anesthesia was performed in all @entity1 at L3-L4 or L4-L5 with 20 mg of 0.5% isobaric @entity1341 . In group M (n = 20), 50 microg @entity1286 were associated to local anesthetics. In group LPB (n = 20) 3-in-1 blockade was performed after surgery with 200 mg of 0.5% @entity1342 . @entity1337 and @entity158 intensity were evaluated at 4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20 and 24 hours after surgery completion, in addition to spinal blockade level, surgery duration and complications. RESULTS: @entity1337 duration in group LPB was 13.1 +/- 2.47 while all group M @entity1 referred @entity158 and lack of motor block in the first moment evaluated (4 hours). There has been blockade failure in one of the three nerves in three @entity1 . The incidence of @entity390 and @entity111 was significantly higher in group M. There was no significant difference between groups in urinary retention. There were no @entity1576 , arterial @entity551 or @entity1168 . @entity86 was more effective in group LPB as compared to group M at 4, 8, 12, 14 and 16 hours. There were no significant differences between groups at 20 and 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 induced by 3-in-1 blockade showed less side-effects as compared to spinal @entity1286 with similar @entity1337 duration.

title: [ @entity86 following orthopedic surgery: a study comparing perivascular lumbar plexus inguinal block with @entity1342 (3 in 1) and spinal anesthesia with XXXX .].

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine a prognostic model derived from @entity263 -enhanced transcripts in whole blood of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 and explore its applicability as a surrogate of treatment response. METHODS: Six out of twenty-three selected transcripts were identified as specific for detection of metastatic @entity263 cells in peripheral blood using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Their prognostic value was explored in whole blood samples of a training cohort (n   =   22 @entity263 @entity1 , New York, USA). A resulting 2-gene panel (2GP) including @entity27656 and @entity5435 was validated in an independent cohort with pre- and post-treatment blood draws after 9-16 weeks of systemic treament (n   =   86 @entity263 @entity1 , Munich, Germany). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), and clinical PFS were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: An unfavorable 2GP (>= 1 marker positive) identified @entity1 with poor survival (median @entity1349 10.0 months [95%CI 5.7-14.2] vs. not reached; P   =   0.023). This was validated in an independent cohort at pre-treatment (median @entity1349 7.8 [95%CI 6.5-9.2] vs. 17.3 months [95%CI 10.7-23.8]; P   =   0.004) and post-treatment blood draw (median @entity1349 5.0 [95%CI 0.0-10.0] vs. 18.0 months [95%CI 9.5-26.6]; P   =   0.003). The 2GP independently predicted @entity1349 on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.1 [95%CI 1.1-4.0]; P   =   0.034) and performed better than PSA decline at correlation with @entity1349 . Conversion to favorable 2GP during treatment correlated with improved @entity1349 (7.8 to 20.9 months), PSA-PFS (2.8 to 12.0 months), and clinical PFS (4.6 to 8.0 months). CONCLUSIONS: The established 2GP is prognostic for survival at pre- and post-treatment blood draw in @entity263 @entity1 and conversion to favorable 2GP predicts treatment benefit. Prostate    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: A 2-gene panel derived from XXXX -enhanced transcripts in whole blood is prognostic for survival and predicts treatment benefit in metastatic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduction and modification of dietary fats have differing effects on cardiovascular risk factors (such as serum @entity165 ), but their effects on important health outcomes are less clear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of reduction and/or modification of dietary fats on mortality, cardiovascular mortality, @entity65 and individual outcomes including @entity583 , @entity64 and @entity5 diagnoses in randomised clinical trials of at least 6 months duration. METHODS: Search methods: For this review update, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline and Embase, were searched through to June 2010. References of Included studies and reviews were also checked. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomized with appropriate control group, 2) intention to reduce or modify fat or @entity165 intake (excluding exclusively omega-3 fat interventions), 3) not multi factorial, 4) adult @entity1 with or without @entity65 , 5) intervention at least six months, 6) mortality or @entity65 data available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: @entity1 numbers experiencing health outcomes in each arm were extracted independently in duplicate and random effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, sub-grouping, sensitivity analyses and funnel plots were performed. MAIN RESULTS: This updated review suggested that reducing saturated fat by reducing and/or modifying dietary fat reduced the risk of cardiovascular events by 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.96, 24 comparisons, 65,508 @entity1 of whom 7% had a cardiovascular event, I2 50%). Subgrouping suggested that this reduction in cardiovascular events was seen in studies of fat modification (not reduction - which related directly to the degree of effect on serum total and LDL @entity165 and @entity1674 ), of at least two years duration and in studies of @entity1 (not of @entity1 ). There were no clear effects of dietary fat changes on total mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.04, 71,790 @entity1 ) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.04, 65,978 @entity1 ). This did not alter with sub-grouping or sensitivity analysis. Few studies compared reduced with modified fat diets, so direct comparison was not possible. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The findings are suggestive of a small but potentially important reduction in cardiovascular risk on modification of dietary fat, but not reduction of total fat, in longer trials. Lifestyle advice to all those at risk of @entity65 and to lower risk population groups, should continue to include permanent reduction of dietary saturated fat and partial replacement by unsaturates. The ideal type of unsaturated fat is unclear.

title: Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'humans', 'Participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Robotic exoskeletons are increasingly being used in objective and quantitative assessment of upper limb (UL) movements. A set of instrumental indices computed during robot-assisted reaching tasks with the Armeo  Spring has been proven to assess UL functionality. The aim of this study was to test the construct validity of this indices-based UL assessment when used with @entity1 who have had a @entity64 . METHODS: Forty-four 45- to 79-year-old @entity64 @entity1 with a Wolf Motor Function Test ability score (WMFT-FAS) ranging from 10 to 75 and a @entity894 ( @entity894 ) ranging from 14 to 33 at shoulder and elbow were enrolled, thus covering a wide range of impairments. Residual UL function was assessed by both the WMFT-FAS and the WMFT-TIME, as well as by a set of 9 numerical indices assessing movement accuracy, @entity28308 and smoothness computed from a 3D endpoint trajectory obtained during the "Vertical Capture" task of the Armeo  Spring device. To explore which variables better represented motor control deficits, the Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare @entity1 ' indices to those obtained from 25 healthy individuals. To explore the inner relationships between indices and construct validity in assessing accuracy, @entity28308 and smoothness, a factor analysis was carried out. To verify the indices concurrent validity, they were compared to both WMFT-FAS and WMFT-TIME by the Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Seven indices of @entity64 subjects were significantly different from those of healthy controls, with effect sizes in the range 0.35-0.74. Factor analysis confirmed that specific subsets of indices belonged to the domains of accuracy, @entity28308 and smoothness (discriminant validity). One accuracy index, both @entity28308 indices and two smoothness indices were significantly correlated with WMFT-FAS and WMFT-TIME ( rho    =   0.31-0.50) (concurrent validity). One index for each of the assessed movement domains was proven to have construct validity (discriminant and concurrent) and was selected. Moreover, the indices were able to detect differences in accuracy, @entity28308 and/or smoothness in @entity1 with the same WMFT level. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed index-based UL assessment can be used to integrate and support clinical evaluation of UL function in @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Instrumental indices for upper limb function assessment in XXXX @entity1 : a validation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['Motricity Index', 'MI']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Important alterations of noradrenergic activity are known to occur in specific brain regions and in different lymphoid tissues during the course of an immune response. Our recent characterization of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor ( @entity2162 )- @entity268 system of the @entity35 thymus gland, the identification of a thymic @entity2162 gene expression, and the marked modulation of receptor mRNA concentration after castration and replacement with @entity172 prompted us to study the ability of products of immune axis activation to modulate @entity2162 number, distribution, and expression in the male @entity35 thymus. Moreover, the effect of adrenergic stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity on thymus gland membrane preparations was measured. The @entity2162 present in the @entity35 thymus undergoes marked changes in both number and distribution during the course of an immune response. At 3 days after antigenic challenge (injection of BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant), a sharp decrease of receptor number coupled with a significant loss of the autoradiographic reaction in the medullary compartment of the @entity35 thymus gland were observed. These effects were followed by a significant increase in receptor density and number without changes in receptor affinity at 7 and 15 days post immunization, corresponding to the pick of the immune response. Parallel alterations in adenylyl cyclase activity were measured. Northern blot analysis, using a @entity1 @entity2162 cDNA as a probe, revealed dramatic alterations of the @entity2162 mRNA in the thymus, characterized by an approximately 75% decrease of mRNA level 3 days after immunization, and by a progressive increase at 7 and 15 days, with @entity2162 mRNA concentration rising to levels even higher than those found in control animals. These results suggest that the immune response evokes marked alterations of the thymic @entity2162 -cAMP signaling pathway. Moreover, antigenic stimulation triggers a down- and up-modulation of @entity2162 gene expression. Although it is presently unknown whether factor(s) released by immune axis activation act at the level of gene transcription to modulate adrenergic receptor function in the @entity35 thymus, such down- and up-regulation of @entity2162 mRNA may play a role in the dynamic regulation of the immune response.

title: The immune response evokes up- and down-modulation of beta 2-adrenergic receptor messenger RNA concentration in the male XXXX thymus.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this 10-year follow-up study was to determine changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time among ambulatory @entity1 with @entity15 (PwMS) at the baseline using generic and disease-specific instruments. METHODS: Of 109 independently walking PwMS included in a population-based study in 2002, 77 (70.6  %) were re-assessed in 2012. HRQoL was captured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (RAND-36), 15D instrument (15D), and the @entity15 Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54). Repeated-measures ANOVA and effect size (ES) calculations (Cohen's d) were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The RAND-36 physical health composite score (p  =  0.003, ES  =  0.26) and 15D total score (p  =  0.012, ES  =  0.25) declined from the baseline levels. In particular, lower scores were observed on the RAND-36 scales of physical functioning (p  =  0.001, ES  =  0.27), @entity158 (p  =  0.020, ES  =  0.25), and general health perceptions (p  =  0.002, ES  =  0.36), on the MSQOL-54 scales of physical functioning (p  =  0.001, ES  =  0.27), @entity158 (p  =  0.040, ES  =  0.21), sexual functioning (p  =  0.003, ES  =  0.43), and satisfaction with sexual functioning (p  =  0.012, ES  =  0.38), and in the 15D dimensions of mobility (p  =  0.004, ES  =  0.31) and sexual functioning (p  <=   0.001, ES  =  0.59). Improvement was observed on the RAND-36 scale of social functioning (p  =  0.049, ES  =  0.25). The other composite scores, scales, and dimensions remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that ambulatory PwMS at baseline reported reduced HRQoL in physical functioning after a 10-year follow-up period, while emotional well-being was maintained and social functioning improved. The scores in the other HRQoL dimensions and scales remained unchanged. More long-term population-based studies are needed to precisely determine the development of HRQoL among PwMS.

title: Ten-year follow-up of health-related quality of life among ambulatory XXXX with @entity15 at baseline.

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the role of @entity1759 , @entity2225 ( @entity2225 ) and survivin for the detection and prognosis of @entity1 with @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 82 @entity1 who underwent transurethral resection of @entity150 between 2009 and 2014. The @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics with relevance to age, @entity5 size and focality, grade and stage, recurrence and progression were noted. @entity1 with @entity189 in situ, those who had at more than 3 sites of lesions and greater than 3 cm @entity5 were excluded. All cases were ex-smokers. All histological samples stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 were re-evaluated according to the 2004 World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) classification system and immunohistochemically stained for @entity1759 , @entity2225 and survivin. RESULTS: The study group comprised 57 (69.5%) males and 25 (30.5%) females with a mean age of 60 years (range, 26-87 years). All were newly-diagnosed @entity1 with @entity150 . Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the grade and stage of the @entity5 with @entity2225 and survivin positivity (P < .05). As the grade and stage increased @entity1759 immunoreactivity significantly decreased (P = .002, P = .0001, respectively). However, relationship of protein expressions with recurrence and progression remained insignificant (P > .05). CONCLUSION: In cases of @entity150 positivity for @entity1759 , @entity2225 , and survivin has significant relation with the @entity5 grade and stage while no significant relationship was determined in terms of recurrence and progression_nbsp.

title: Clinical Use of Tumor Markers for the Detection and Prognosis of @entity150 : A Comparison of XXXX , @entity2225 and Survivin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'urothelial carcinoma of the bladder', 'bladder urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity1759 :: (960,Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: This investigation studied the effect of vehicles on the in vitro permeation of @entity1405 from saturated solutions across porcine skin and selected appropriate penetration enhancers. @entity29741 , @entity35018 , @entity968 400, @entity2771 , @entity1068 , @entity3952 , @entity27149 , and @entity1391 buffered saline (pH 7.4) containing 40% v/v @entity968 400 as control, were used as vehicles; @entity4108 , @entity23919 , @entity9679 , @entity4746 , @entity35018 , and @entity29741 at 5% w/v concentrations were used as penetration enhancers. Skin permeation studies were conducted in Franz diffusion cells using excised porcine ear skin. Solubility was highest (369.13 mg/mL) in @entity35018 , whereas @entity27149 showed the lowest solubility (0.79 mg/mL) among all the vehicles. The flux of @entity1405 from @entity35018 , @entity29741 , @entity968 400, @entity1068 , and @entity3952 was 10.5, 8.6, 4.2, 2.9, and 1.5 times higher, respectively, than that observed with control. The flux obtained using @entity35018 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the flux obtained using the other vehicles. However, the flux values of @entity1405 using @entity27149 (P < 0.01) and @entity2771 (P < 0.05) were significantly lower than that of the control. Solutions containing 5% w/v @entity9679 showed maximum permeation (232.54 microg) in 24 h with a flux of 3.19 microg/cm2/h, which was significantly different (P < 0.05) than the flux obtained using other permeation enhancers. The control sample showed lowest permeation (30.50 microg), with a flux of 0.33 microg/cm2/h. The flux of @entity1405 from the solutions containing 5% w/v @entity9679 , @entity4108 , @entity35018 , @entity23919 , @entity29741 , and @entity4746 were 9.7, 7.6, 7.6, 6.3, 4.7, and 2.3 times higher, respectively, than that observed using the control. The present study suggests that @entity35018 , @entity29741 , and @entity968 may be used as potential vehicles and @entity9679 , @entity4108 , and @entity35018 at a 5% w/v level as penetration enhancers.

title: In vitro permeation of XXXX through porcine skin: effect of vehicles and penetration enhancers.

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity4108 :: ('MESH:C008281', 'Chemical') :: ['limonene']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity27149 :: ('MESH:C008205', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropyl myristate']

entities_list: @entity35018 :: ('MESH:C010111', 'Chemical') :: ['Transcutol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol', 'polyethylene glycol 400']

answer: @entity1405 :: (MESH:C043211,Chemical) :: ['carvedilol']


abstract: The @entity750 (3) receptor antagonist, @entity3974 , has been shown to correct the auditory gating deficit in medicated @entity161 @entity1 . Inhibition of @entity750 (3) receptors releases @entity934 , the endogenous ligand for nicotinic @entity934 receptors. The @entity161 -related auditory gating deficit is modulated, in part, by nicotinic @entity934 receptors, as is the @entity19 (DBA/2) model of the deficit. The present study assessed the effects of both acute and chronically administered @entity3974 on auditory gating in DBA/2 @entity19 . Auditory gating is defined as a decrease in amplitude of response to the second of a paired identical auditory stimulus presented 0.5 s following an initial auditory stimulus. Acute @entity3974 administration at the lowest dose (0.1 mg/kg, IP) tested had no effect, while other doses (0.33 and 1 mg/kg, IP) produced improvements in auditory gating. The improvements were produced through both an increase in response to the first auditory stimulus and a decrease in the response to the second auditory stimulus. Co-administration of an alpha7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor antagonist, alpha-bungarotoxin, or the alpha4beta2 nicotinic @entity934 receptor antagonist @entity6325 , with the 0.33 mg/kg dose of @entity3974 blocked the improvement in auditory gating produced by @entity3974 alone. There was no difference in response between the chronically injected @entity19 and naive @entity19 . Both showed improved auditory gating, thus, demonstrating no "carry over" effect of daily injections. These data demonstrate that indirect stimulation of nicotinic @entity934 receptors by @entity3974 can improve auditory gating parameters in DBA/2 @entity19 .

title: @entity3974 results in improved auditory gating in DBA/2 XXXX through a cholinergic mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity6325 :: ('MESH:D004079', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydro-beta-erythroidine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interventions to increase hand washing in schools have been advocated as a means to reduce the transmission of @entity281 . However, the feasibility and acceptability of effective school-based hygiene interventions is not clear. METHODS: A pilot study in four primary schools in East London was conducted to establish the current need for enhanced hand hygiene interventions, identify barriers to their implementation and to test their acceptability and feasibility. The pilot study included key informant interviews with teachers and school nurses, interviews, group discussions and essay questions with the @entity1 , and testing of organised classroom hand hygiene activities. RESULTS: In all schools, basic issues of personal hygiene were taught especially in the younger age groups. However, we identified many barriers to implementing intensive hygiene interventions, in particular time constraints and competing health issues. Teachers' motivation to teach hygiene and enforce @entity10281 was primarily educational rather than immediate infection control. @entity1 of all age groups had good knowledge of hygiene practices and germ transmission. CONCLUSION: The pilot study showed that intensive hand hygiene interventions are feasible and acceptable but only temporarily during a period of a particular health threat such as an @entity683 pandemic, and only if rinse-free hand sanitisers are used. However, in many settings there may be logistical issues in providing all schools with an adequate supply. In the absence of evidence on effectiveness, the scope for enhanced hygiene interventions in schools in high income countries aiming at infection control appears to be limited in the absence of a severe public health threat.

title: Formative research on the feasibility of hygiene interventions for XXXX control in UK primary schools.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pandemic influenza and other infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['hygienic behaviour']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the cost-effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart ( @entity14184 ) compared to other insulin regimens in the treatment of @entity164 2 @entity6 based on published literature. METHODS: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and EconLit and a selection of congress/meeting databases were systematically searched using combinations of search terms designed to identify publications describing cost-effectiveness analyses of @entity14184 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Searches were limited to studies in @entity1 , and published in the English language between January 1999 and July 2009. All records were screened for inclusion in the review. RESULTS: Seven published cost-effectiveness analyses and ten abstracts were identified. One was a health technology assessment from the UK, which evaluated cost-effectiveness using the UKPDS Outcomes Model and meta-analysis of published clinical trials and concluded that premixed insulin analogs were unlikely to be cost-effective versus insulin glargine or biphasic @entity1 insulin. In all other studies the cost-effectiveness of @entity14184 versus other insulin regimens was assessed using the validated CORE @entity6 Model and outcomes from either the INITIATE randomized controlled trial, or the PRESENT or IMPROVE observational studies. However, notable limitations include the fact that all cost-effectiveness analyses to date have been performed using a single model and that a number of these are based on data from observational studies rather than randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, long-term clinical and economic outcomes were reported for several countries: UK, US, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, Poland, South Africa, South Korea and China. @entity14184 was associated with improvements in quality-adjusted life expectancy in all countries. Estimates of direct costs varied according to country and comparator, but incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the US and UK were USD 46 533 and GBP 6951 per quality-adjusted life year gained for @entity14184 versus insulin glargine. CONCLUSIONS: Although cost-effectiveness data on @entity14184 are scarce the majority of the analyses identified in this review suggest that @entity14184 is likely to be cost-effective compared to insulin glargine and biphasic @entity1 insulin across a wide range of settings, and under certain circumstances would be a dominant treatment option.

title: Systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Introduction. At the present time, there is no reliable method or drug for effective relief of the severe @entity158 caused by the amyloldotic @entity305 (AP). Objective. To explore the possibility of relieving this type of @entity158 by intrathecal (IT) infusion of opioid ( @entity1286 or @entity4783 ), with or without @entity1341 . @entity1 , Materials and Methods. A 49-year-old male AP @entity1 with Intractable @entity158 in the low back, lower abdomen, and lower extremities. Opioids (up to 20 mg parenteral @entity1286 -eq/day), and epidural injections of @entity1286 (up to 36 mg/day) failed to provide long-term satisfactory @entity158 relief. Therefore, an IT catheter was inserted via the L3-L4 interspace with its tip located at the L1-L2 intervertebral disk. Results. Intermittent IT injections of @entity1286 from 5 to 30 mg per day, for 124 days, and continuous IT infusion of @entity1286 (2-4 mg/ml), combined with @entity1341 (1.0-2.0 mg/ml), in daily rates from 2 to 12 ml (median = 9.5) for another 67 days, were associated with occurrence of @entity410 , suspected to be caused by the IT @entity1286 . Therefore, the IT @entity1286 was replaced with IT @entity4783 . Thereafter, the @entity158 was treated with IT infusion of @entity4783 (0.06 mg/ml) and @entity1341 (1.25 mg/ml) in daily rates from 4 to 13 ml (median = 5) for another 676 days, until the @entity1 's death, for reasons unrelated to the IT treatment. He experienced satisfactory @entity158 relief with daily doses of IT opioid from 4.5 to 39 mg @entity1286 -eq (median = 19.6 mg) and IT @entity1341 from 0 to 20 (median = 12.5). The mean visual Analog Scores (VASmean), decreased from 7 to 0 (out of 10), the gait improved; and nocturnal sleep increased from 1 to 7-8 hours. @entity1576 (attributed to an an IT daily dose of     5 mg @entity1286 ) and @entity551 , pareses, and urinary retention occurring at low doses of (12-18 mg/day) of IT @entity1341 were recorded. The @entity1 had the IT treatment for 867 days, of which 777 days (> 90%) were spent at home. Conclusion. Long-term IT administration of opioid and @entity1341 provided satisfactory long-term @entity158 relief in a @entity1 with @entity158 due to AP.

title: Long-Term Intrathecal (IT) Administration of Opioid and @entity1341 Relieved Intractable XXXX in a @entity1 with Familial Amyloidosis Polyneuropathy: A Case Report(1).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'refractory pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) is @entity395 , varied in etiology, inconsistent in presentation, unpredictable in progression, and challenging in therapy. AIM OF STUDY: The aim of this study is to review experience of @entity3181 at KFSH, Riyadh; over a ten-year period. METHODS: In a retrospective study using a computer data search of the medical records from May 1990 to May 2000, 43 @entity1 ' charts suspected of @entity3181 were reviewed. 29 @entity1 were found to have @entity3181 , diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound, venography, MRI, or CT with or without liver biopsy. FINDINGS: Of the 29 @entity1 , 18 were male (62.1%) and I 1 were female (37.9%); mean age was 35.4 (range 17-69 years). Nine @entity1 had @entity2403 ; seven @entity1 had @entity5 (five HCC, one @entity320 and one @entity1358 ). Eight patients had @entity1701 , two @entity1 had no known cause and three (one related to @entity130 , the other related to @entity7131 and the third related @entity1985 ). Nineteen @entity1 presented acutely with @entity490 , progressive @entity843 and @entity382 . Ten @entity1 had subacute presentation mimicking @entity1575 . Five @entity1 had web in the intrahepatic IVC or ostium HV and the remaining 24 @entity1 had @entity715 of hepatic veins. Five @entity1 received surgical shunts, three had balloon dilatation of webs, 11 had anticoagulant therapy and seven @entity1 had symptomatic treatment. Eleven @entity1 died, six of them had @entity5 , two died while awaiting liver transplantation and three died with @entity879 . Fourteen @entity1 are still on follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity3181 in Saudi Arabia is related to a defined cause in majority of @entity1 (92%). @entity2403 is a dominant cause of @entity3181 in Saudi Arabia. This is in contrast to world literature where around 50% of @entity1 are of unknown etiology.

title: XXXX : experience at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of liver']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephroma']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-chiari syndrome', 'Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'Budd Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ["Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd Chiari syndrome']


abstract: Immature glutamatergic synapses in cultured neurons contain high-release probability (Pr) presynaptic sites coupled to postsynaptic sites bearing @entity13430 -containing @entity3391 receptors (NMDARs), which mature into low-Pr, @entity13430 -deficient synapses. Whether this coordinated maturation of high-Pr, @entity13430 (+) synapses to low-Pr, @entity13430 -deficient synapses actually occurs in vivo, and if so, what factors regulate it and what role it might play in long-term synapse function and plasticity are unknown. We report that loss of the integrin-regulated @entity35140 / @entity534 kinase in vivo yields a subpopulation of "immature" high-Pr, @entity13430 (+) hippocampal synapses that are maintained throughout late postnatal development and early adulthood. These high-Pr, @entity13430 (+) synapses are evident in @entity534 (-/-) animals as early as postnatal day 21 (P21), a time that precedes any observable defects in synapse or dendritic spine number or structure in @entity534 (-/-) @entity19 . Using focal @entity3264 uncaging at individual synapses, we find only a subpopulation of @entity534 (-/-) spines exhibits increased @entity13430 -mediated responses at P21. As @entity534 (-/-) @entity19 age, these synapses increase in proportion, and their associated spines enlarge. These changes coincide with an overall loss of spines and synapses in the @entity534 -deficient @entity19 . We also demonstrate that, although LTP and LTD are normal in P21 @entity534 (-/-) slices, both forms of plasticity are significantly altered by @entity18757 . These data demonstrate that the integrin-regulated @entity534 kinase coordinates the maturation of presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments in a subset of hippocampal synapses in vivo, and this coordination is critical for @entity13429 -dependent long-term synaptic stability and plasticity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Synapses mature in vitro from high-release probability (Pr) @entity13430 (+) to low-Pr, @entity13430 (-), but it is unknown why this happens or whether it occurs in vivo High-Pr, @entity13430 (+) synapses persist into early adulthood in @entity534 -deficient @entity19 in vivo and have elevated @entity3391 receptor currents and increased structural plasticity. The persistence of these high-Pr, @entity13430 (+) synapses is associated with a net synapse loss and significant disruption of normal synaptic plasticity by early adulthood. Together, these observations suggest that the maturation of high-Pr, @entity13430 (+) synapses to predominantly low-Pr, @entity13430 (-) synapses may be essential to preserving a larger dynamic range for plasticity while ensuring that connectivity is distributed among a greater number of synapses for optimal circuit function.

title: Disruption of Coordinated Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Maturation Underlies the Defects in Hippocampal Synapse Stability and Plasticity in @entity35140 / @entity534 -Deficient XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with acute type B aortic dissection, presence of recurrent or @entity158 and/or refractory @entity101 on medical therapy is sometimes used as an indication for invasive treatment. The International Registry of Acute @entity1580 (IRAD) was used to investigate the impact of @entity158 and/or refractory @entity101 on the outcomes of acute type B aortic dissection. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-five @entity1 affected by uncomplicated acute type B aortic dissection, enrolled in IRAD from 1996 to 2004, were categorized according to risk profile into 2 groups. @entity1 with recurrent and/or @entity158 or refractory @entity101 (group I; n=69) and @entity1 without clinical complications at presentation (group II; n=296) were compared. "High-risk" @entity1 with classic complications were excluded from this analysis. The overall in-hospital mortality was 6.5% and was increased in group I compared with group II (17.4% versus 4.0%; P=0.0003). The in-hospital mortality after medical management was significantly increased in group I compared with group II (35.6% versus 1.5%; P=0.0003). Mortality rates after surgical (20% versus 28%; P=0.74) or endovascular management (3.7% versus 9.1%; P=0.50) did not differ significantly between group I and group II, respectively. A multivariable logistic regression model confirmed that recurrent and/or @entity158 or refractory @entity101 was a predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 10.45; P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent @entity158 and refractory @entity101 appeared as clinical signs associated with increased in-hospital mortality, particularly when managed medically. These observations suggest that aortic intervention, such as via an endovascular approach, may be indicated in this intermediate-risk group.

title: Importance of @entity158 and XXXX in acute type B aortic dissection: insights from the International Registry of Acute @entity1580 (IRAD).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic Dissection']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'refractory pain']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIM: To determine long-term outcomes of surgical treatments for @entity1 with @entity1142 and features of @entity4391 . METHODS: Consecutive 42 @entity1 who underwent surgery for chronic @entity1142 within the last 13 years were prospectively collected. We identified a subgroup with @entity4391 ( @entity4391 ) features, with dilatation of the colon proximal to the narrowed transitional zone, in contrast to typical @entity73 ( @entity73 ), without any dilated @entity694 . The outcomes of surgical treatments for chronic @entity1142 with features of @entity4391 were analyzed and compared with outcomes for @entity73 . RESULTS: Of the 42 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1142 , 33 @entity1 had @entity4391 with dilatation of the colon proximal to the narrowed transitional zone. There were 16 males and 17 females with a mean age of 51.2    16.1 years. All had symptoms of chronic @entity1321 , including @entity1661 , @entity158 , @entity390 , or @entity391 , and the mean duration of symptoms was 67 mo (range: 6-252 mo). Preoperative defecation frequency was 1.5    0.6 times/wk (range: 1-2 times/wk). Thirty-two @entity1 underwent total colectomy, and one @entity1 underwent diverting transverse colostomy. There was no surgery-related mortality. Postoperative histologic examination showed hypoganglionosis or agangliosis in 23 @entity1 and hypoganglionosis combined with @entity16 or @entity121 in 10 @entity1 . In contrast, histology of @entity73 group revealed @entity528 type B (n = 6) and @entity10478 (n = 3). Early postoperative complications developed in six @entity1 with @entity4391 ; wound @entity281 (n = 3), @entity8442 (n = 2), and intraabdominal abscess (n = 1). Defecation frequencies 3 mo after surgery improved to 4.2    3.2 times/d (range: 1-15 times/d). Long-term follow-up (median: 39.7 mo) was available in 32 @entity1 ; all @entity1 had improvements in @entity1142 symptoms, but two @entity1 needed intermittent medication for management of @entity294 . All 32 @entity1 had distinct improvements in @entity1142 symptoms (with a mean bowel frequency of 3.3    1.3 times/d), social activities, and body mass index (20.5 kg/m(2) to 22.1 kg/m(2)) and were satisfied with the results of their surgical treatment. In comparison with nine @entity1 who underwent colectomy for @entity73 without @entity384 , those in the @entity4391 group had a lower incidence of @entity1744 (0% vs 55.6%, P < 0.01) and less difficulty with long-distance travel (6.7% vs 66.7%, P = 0.007) on long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: Chronic @entity1142 @entity1 with features of @entity4391 caused by narrowed transitional zone in the left colon had favorable outcomes after total colectomy.

title: Favorable surgical treatment outcomes for chronic XXXX with features of @entity4391 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4391 :: ('MESH:D003112', 'Disease') :: ['CPO', 'colonic pseudo-obstruction']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['visceral myopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['STC', 'slow-transit constipation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['visceral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic segments']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['colon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstructions']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal neuronal dysplasia']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: @entity64 was diagnosed in 337 (26%) of the 1,273 @entity1 with @entity385 among the 1,805 total in the @entity64 Data Bank. We analyzed the 316 @entity1 with @entity8987 . Among these, 181 (57%) had pure @entity1269 , 63 (20%) sensorimotor syndrome, 33 (10%) @entity1269 , 21 (7%) pure @entity13317 , and 18 (6%) @entity4653 . No striking differences were found among the risk factors for the lacunar subtypes, but differences were found between @entity64 as a group and other types of @entity1188 . Compared to 113 @entity1 with large-vessel @entity731 , those with @entity64 had fewer previous transient @entity63 attacks and @entity64 . Compared to 246 with @entity1188 , @entity1 with @entity64 more frequently had @entity101 and @entity6 and less frequently had @entity299 . We found a lesion in 35% of the @entity64 @entity1 ' computed tomograms, with most lesions located in the internal capsule and corona radiata. The mean @entity1188 volume was greater in @entity1 with pure @entity1269 or sensorimotor syndrome than in those with the other @entity64 subtypes. In @entity1 with pure @entity1269 and @entity1188 in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, there was a correlation between lesion volume and @entity1269 severity except for the few whose @entity1188 involved the lowest portion of the internal capsule; in these @entity1 severe @entity51 occurred regardless of lesion volume. Taken together, the computed tomographic correlations with the syndromes of @entity1269 showed only slight support for the classical view of a homunculus in the internal capsule.

title: Clinical-computed tomographic correlations of @entity1188 in the XXXX Data Bank.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'strokes', 'Lacunar stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic infarction']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic hemiparesis', 'motor hemiparesis', 'hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'cardioembolic infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity8987 :: ('MESH:D059409', 'Disease') :: ['classic lacunar syndromes']

entities_list: @entity13317 :: ('MESH:C580162', 'Disease') :: ['sensory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) advances in imaging techniques, permits the ability to accurately characterise tissue injury post @entity583 . Pre-contrast T1 mapping enables this through measurement of pre-contrast T1 relaxation times. We investigate the relationship between T1 characterisation of @entity296 with global and regional diastolic function. METHODS: Revascularised acute @entity583 @entity1 with normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function on TTE were assessed by 1.5T CMR. Acute regional diastolic wall motion abnormalities, global diastolic function measurements, acute segmental damage fraction with LGE and mean segmental pre-contrast T1 values were assessed on matching @entity851 slices. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were analysed. Mean LVEF was 62.1  9.4%. No difference between NSTEMI (22/44) and STEMI in mean pre-contrast T1 values of infarcted (1025.0  109.2 vs 1011.0  81.6ms, p=0.70), adjacent (948.3  45.3 vs 941.1  46.6ms, p=0.70) and remote (888.8  52.8 vs 881.2  54.5ms, p=0.66) segments was detected. There was no correlation between pre-contrast T1 of @entity1188 (E/A, r(2)=0.216, p=0.06; S/D, r(2)=0.243, p=0.053; E/E', r(2)=0.240, p=0.072), but there was significantly positive, moderate correlation with circumferential diastolic strain rate, (r(2)=0.579, p<0.01) with excellent agreement and reproducibility. CONCLUSION: Cardiac magnetic resonance evaluation of pre-contrast T1 values revealed no difference between NSTEMI and STEMI @entity1 in terms of tissue characterisation post- @entity583 . However, pre-contrast T1 of infarcted tissue is significantly correlated with regional diastolic circumferential strain rate.

title: Characterisation of XXXX via T1 Mapping in Early Reperfused @entity583 and its Relationship with Global and Regional Diastolic Dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short axis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted segments with global diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1069 has been linked to a number of @entity4623 such as @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ), @entity1069 , and @entity263 . Major unanswered questions include what pathogenic mechanisms, such as @entity2348 , may drive the accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates in the @entity1 prostate, and how @entity32 might contribute to disease. To study this potential link in an in vivo system, we developed a @entity19 model of long-term bacteria-induced @entity32 of the prostate using a @entity1 prostatectomy-derived strain of @entity5478 . METHODS: C57BL/6J @entity19 were inoculated, via urethral catheterization, with vehicle control or a prostatectomy-derived strain of @entity5478 (PA2). Animals were assessed at 2 days, 1, 2, or 8 weeks post-inoculation via histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: PA2 inoculation resulted in severe @entity32 confined to the dorsal lobe of the prostate. @entity32 persisted for at least 8 weeks post-inoculation. Inflammatory lesions were associated with an increase in the Ki-67 proliferative index, and diminished Nkx3.1 and @entity342 receptor (AR) production. Interestingly, the observed response required live bacteria and both IHC and in situ hybridization assays for @entity5478 indicated a potential intracellular presence of @entity5478 in prostate epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first @entity19 model of long-term prostatic @entity32 induced by @entity5478 , and more generally, any prostatectomy-derived bacterial isolate. This model may serve as a valuable preclinical model of @entity1069 that can be used to mechanistically study the link between @entity32 and @entity4623 .

title: A @entity19 model of @entity1069 using a @entity1 @entity263 -derived isolate of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'acute and chronic inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis syndromes', 'chronic prostatic inflammation', 'Prostatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['P. acnes', 'Propionibacterium acnes']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic diseases', 'prostatic disease']

answer: @entity5478 :: (1747,Species) :: ['Propionibacterium acnes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the imaging features of @entity808 in the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), especially focusing on dynamic enhanced multi-slice CT (MSCT) and MR findings. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 with pathologically proved @entity808 in the @entity1347 underwent dynamic enhanced multi-slice CT (MSCT), while three of these @entity1 also had a contrast-enhanced MR examination. The imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All eight cases exhibited forward displacement of the pancreas, and three cases showed lateral displacement and compression of the inferior vena cava. The @entity5 had round or oval shape with a maximal axial diameter of 4.0-12.3 cm (average, 6.7 cm). All eight @entity5 were solitary and well circumscribed. Of the eight @entity808 in the @entity1347 , six exhibited a capsule with thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm, one showed @entity730 , two displayed @entity528 , and three revealed a "target sign" on CT and MR. The @entity5 were hypo-dense on unenhanced CT images, hyper-intense on T2W images, and homogeneously hypo-intense on T1W images. All eight @entity5 exhibited gradual enhancement on dynamic enhanced CT or MR images. One case showed delayed enhancement. Heterogeneous enhancement was the dominant pattern occurring in seven out of eight @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The imaging findings of @entity808 in the @entity1347 correspond with its pathological composition. @entity808 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 in the @entity1347 .

title: XXXX in the @entity1347 : dynamic enhanced multi-slice CT and MR findings.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'schwannomas', 'retroperitoneal schwannomas', 'Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior pararenal space', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['punctate calcification']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cystic degeneration']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Retroperitoneal schwannomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this meta-analysis to evaluate safety and efficacy of transradial vs the transfemoral approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Randomized controlled trials that compared the transfemoral vs the transradial approach in @entity583 @entity1 who underwent PCI were searched in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and clinicaltrials.gov. Random effect models were used to pool effect sizes. RESULTS: Sixteen trials, comprising data from 9726 @entity1 , were included in the meta-analysis. All-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.85; relative risk reduction [RRR], 32.8%; I(2)  = 0), major @entity548 (RR 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.74; RRR, 48.1%; I(2)  = 0), access site @entity548 (RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.29-0.50; RRR, 63.9%; I(2)  = 0), major adverse cardiovascular events (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68-0.94; RRR, 19.3%; I(2)  = 0), and length of hospital stay (standardized mean difference,  -0.38 days; 95% CI,  -0.46 to  -0.31 days) were significantly lower with the transradial compared with the transfemoral approach. The greatest reduction in major @entity548 was found in the subgroup with trials recruiting only primary PCI @entity1 compared with varying proportions of rescue PCIs. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use and cross-over rates did not have a significant association with outcome measures in the subgroup analysis. Incidence of @entity64 was numerically greater with the transradial approach but did not achieve statistical significance (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.56-2.66; I(2)  = 0). Overall statistical heterogeneity (I(2)) was very low except for length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The transradial approach for PCI in @entity583 @entity1 significantly reduced all-cause mortality, major and access site @entity548 , major adverse cardiovascular events, and length of hospital stay. Difference in @entity64 incidence was not statistically significant with the transradial vs the transfemoral approach.

title: Transradial vs Transfemoral Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment Elevation XXXX : A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No immunohistologic techniques are currently available to demonstrate clonality of @entity784 . Monoclonal antibodies to the variable region of the @entity6057 ( @entity6057 ) have been produced that identify minor populations of normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression of @entity6057 V-region genes in @entity706 to determine whether immunostaining with these antibodies may be a simple method to detect clonal T-cell proliferations and help to distinguish benign lymphoid infiltrates from @entity706 . METHODS: Cutaneous samples were obtained from 18 @entity784 (14 @entity3217 fungoides, 1 S  zary syndrome, 2 pleomorphic @entity784 , and 1 large cell @entity706 ) and 8 benign lymphoid infiltrates. Frozen sections were incubated with monoclonal antibodies and stained by the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase technique. Staining was performed with a panel of 7 anti- @entity6057 V-region antibodies, 6 T-cell markers, 1 anti-beta chain antibody, and 1 anti-delta chain antibody. RESULTS: Clonality could be demonstrated in 2 of 18 @entity706 . We observed the strictly intraepidermal localization of clonal proliferation in one case of early-stage @entity3217 fungoides. CONCLUSION: Anti- @entity6057 V-region antibodies may identify a strictly epidermotropic clone in early @entity3217 fungoides. However, the panel of antibodies currently available stains only a minority of @entity784 . The usefulness of these antibodies as a clonotypic marker needs to be reevaluated when a larger panel of antibodies becomes available.

title: Intraepidermal localization of the clone in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphomas', 'anaplastic lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'T-cell lymphoma', 'cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of combined @entity1487 , @entity2600 , bevacizumab and @entity3446 in refractory advanced @entity14 . METHODS: We initiated a regimen with at day 1 an injection (iv) of bevacizumab at 5 mg/kg, followed by 180 mg/m(2) @entity2600 , followed by @entity4181 400 mg/m(2), followed by a @entity1487 bolus 400 mg/m(2); and a 46-h infusion 2400 mg/m(2). @entity3446 was given orally as continuous administration of 2 mg twice a day every days. This treatment was repeated every 14 d. RESULTS: A total of 12 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 presented with metastatic disease that had failed at least three lines of chemotherapy that contained @entity901 , @entity2600 and bevacizumab. Cetuximab failure was also observed in all @entity984 wild-type @entity1 . The median number of cycles was 8.5 (range 2-20) and clinical benefit was observed in eight @entity1 . The median time to progression was 5 mo and the median survival was 8 mo. Grade 3 @entity1398 developed in four @entity1 , and grade 3 @entity294 and @entity3136 in two. CONCLUSION: The combination regimen of @entity1487 , @entity2600 , bevacizumab and @entity3446 in advanced @entity14 after failure of classical treatment is feasible and promising. Further evaluation of this combination is required.

title: @entity3446 , bevacizumab, XXXX and @entity2600 for advanced @entity14 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to make a prospective evaluation of the effect of @entity6839 0.1% eye gel on short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) after an intravitreal injection (IVI) of ranibizumab. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty eyes of 150 IVI-na  ve @entity1 with @entity1103 caused by various pathological conditions (age-related @entity1020 , central or branch @entity2994 , and @entity6 ) were scheduled to undergo an IVI of ranibizumab (0.5 @entity32227 cc). The @entity1 were randomly divided into three groups: 50 were not treated with @entity6839 before the IVI (group 1); 50 received an instillation of @entity6839 0.1% eye gel the evening before the IVI (group 2); and 50 received an instillation of @entity6839 0.1% eye gel 2 hours before the IVI (group 3). The incidence of clinically significant intraocular @entity101 spikes (>25 mmHg and >40 mmHg) was then assessed. RESULTS: Our findings showed that mean IOP at baseline was significantly higher than at both 5 and 60 minutes after IVI (P<0.01). Spikes of >25 mmHg were recorded at either time in 27 @entity1 (54%) in group 1, 23 @entity1 (44%) in group 2, and 24 @entity1 (48%) in group 3. None of the between-group differences were significant. Spikes of >40 mmHg (which were only detected 5 minutes after IVI) were recorded in nine (18%), eight (16%), and one @entity1 (2%) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The only significant difference was between the control and group 3 (P=0.012). CONCLUSION: An increase in IOP after antivascular endothelial growth factor IVI is a frequent complication. The prophylactic use of @entity6839 0.1% gel effectively reduced the mean IOP when administered 2 hours before IVI and was also effective in preventing dangerous IOP spikes of >40 mmHg. It is therefore recommended before IVIs as a means of preventing emergency procedures and preserving the health of the optic nerve.

title: Effect of prophylactic XXXX 0.1% gel on intraocular pressure after an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab: a randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity6839 :: (MESH:D013999,Chemical) :: ['timolol']


abstract: Sublingual @entity3371 (25 mg) was compared with sublingual @entity594 (10 mg) to determine their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of @entity101 emergencies. In nine of 10 @entity1 who received sublingual @entity3371 , mean (+/- SD) systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure dropped from 245 +/- 39 to 190 +/- 25 mm Hg (P less than .0025) and from 144 +/- 8 to 115 +/- 8 mm Hg (P less than .001) at 50 minutes, respectively. The @entity551 effect of the drug was maintained for a mean of 4 hours. In six of nine responders to sublingual @entity3371 , blood pressure-lowering effect was associated with a clear improvement of end-organ failure within 60 minutes. There were no side effects, including a @entity551 or reflex @entity591 . Sublingual @entity594 lowered diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure in eight of 10 @entity1 . The @entity551 effect of @entity594 was more rapid than that of @entity3371 (10 vs 20 minutes for diastolic blood pressure and 20 vs 30 minutes for systolic blood pressure, respectively), but no difference was observed in the time or in the magnitude of peak @entity551 effect between the two treatments, nor was a difference observed in the duration of @entity551 effect. In six of eight responders to @entity594 therapy, a clear improvement of symptoms and signs of end-organ failure was observed within 60 minutes. In three @entity1 , minor side effects were observed. We conclude that sublingual @entity3371 effectively and safely lowers arterial blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity101 emergencies.

title: Comparison of sublingual @entity3371 and XXXX in immediate treatment of @entity101 emergencies. A randomized, single-blind clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'dangerous fall in blood pressure']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little information exists regarding what occurs in the affected artery in the days after acute @entity385 and its impact in the outcome. We sought to determine the hemodynamic evolution and correlated this evoution with clinical outcome in @entity64 @entity1 treated with intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: Using serial transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) on days 1 (TCD1), 3 to 6 (TCD2), and 7 to 10 (TCD3) after @entity64 , we determined the hemodynamics in the affected artery by means of the thrombolysis in @entity2806 (TIBI) score and compared this with clinical outcome (National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale [NIHSS] score) and functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score) at discharge and at 3 months. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 were studied. There were 24 @entity1 with a mean (   SD) age of 72.9    16.2 years. The mean time from @entity64 onset to the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator was 181    54.4 minutes, and the mean NIHSS score at admission was 16.9    9. Hemodynamic changes were observed in 23 (68%) @entity1 , including improvement in 17 (50%) @entity1 and worsening in 6 (18%) @entity1 within the first 10 days poststroke. @entity922 (NIHSS >= 4 points) was timely associated with @entity5122 in 3 cases. @entity1 achieving full recanalization at TCD3 had better mRS scores at 3 months (4 v 3; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic changes in the affected artery occurred in about two-thirds of @entity1 within the first 10 days after receiving intravenous thrombolysis; 18% had @entity5122 , which was associated with clinical worsening in half of these cases.

title: @entity922 following middle cerebral artery hemodynamic changes after intravenous thrombolysis for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical deterioration']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The existence of a local @entity916 angiotensin system (RAS) of the kidney has been established. @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ), @entity916 , @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ), angiotensin receptors, and high concentrations of luminal @entity2178 have been found in the proximal tubule. Although functional data have documented the relevance of a local RAS, the dualism between biosynthesis and endocytotic uptake of its components and their cellular processing has been incompletely understood. To resolve this, we have selectively analyzed their distribution, endocytosis, transcytosis, and biosynthesis in the proximal tubule. The presence of immunoreactive @entity2178 , restricted to the early proximal tubule, was due to its retrieval from the ultrafiltrate and storage in endosomal and lysosomal compartments. Cellular uptake was demonstrated by autoradiography of radiolabeled @entity2178 and depended on intact endocytosis. @entity2178 was identified as a ligand of the multiple ligand-binding repeats of @entity17893 . @entity2178 biosynthesis was restricted to the proximal straight tubule, revealing substantial @entity2178 mRNA expression. Transgenic @entity2178 overexpression under the control of an endogenous promoter was also restricted to the late proximal tubule. Proximal handling of @entity916 largely followed the patterns of @entity2178 , whereas its local biosynthesis was not significant. Transcytotic transport of @entity2178 in a proximal cell line revealed a 5% recovery rate after 1 h. @entity1289 was expressed along late proximal brush-border membrane, whereas @entity15505 was present along the entire segment. Surface expression of @entity1289 and @entity15505 differed as a function of endocytosis. Our data on the localization and cellular processing of RAS components provide new aspects of the functional concept of a "self-contained" renal RAS.

title: Intrarenal @entity916 angiotensin system revisited: role of XXXX -dependent endocytosis along the proximal nephron.

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'AGT', 'Angiotensinogen']

answer: @entity17893 :: (4036,Gene) :: ['megalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Red @entity375 @entity579 is an herbal supplement that decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 level. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of red @entity375 @entity579 and therapeutic lifestyle change to treat @entity2299 in @entity1 who cannot tolerate @entity6817 therapy. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Community-based cardiology practice. @entity1 : 62 @entity1 with @entity2299 and history of discontinuation of @entity6817 therapy due to @entity925 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 were assigned by random allocation software to receive red @entity375 @entity579 , 1800 mg (31 @entity1 ), or placebo (31 @entity1 ) twice daily for 24 weeks. All @entity1 were concomitantly enrolled in a 12-week therapeutic lifestyle change program. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome was LDL @entity165 level, measured at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Secondary outcomes included total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , @entity412 , liver enzyme, and @entity1011 phosphokinase (CPK) levels; weight; and Brief Pain Inventory score. RESULTS: In the red @entity375 @entity579 group, LDL @entity165 decreased by 1.11 mmol/L (43 mg/dL) from baseline at week 12 and by 0.90 mmol/L (35 mg/dL) at week 24. In the placebo group, LDL @entity165 decreased by 0.28 mmol/L (11 mg/dL) at week 12 and by 0.39 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) at week 24. Low-density lipoprotein @entity165 level was significantly lower in the red @entity375 @entity579 group than in the placebo group at both weeks 12 (P < 0.001) and 24 (P = 0.011). Significant treatment effects were also observed for total @entity165 level at weeks 12 (P < 0.001) and 24 (P = 0.016). Levels of HDL @entity165 , @entity412 , liver enzyme, or CPK; @entity353 ; and @entity158 severity scores did not significantly differ between groups at either week 12 or week 24. LIMITATION: The study was small, was single-site, was of short duration, and focused on laboratory measures. CONCLUSION: Red @entity375 @entity579 and therapeutic lifestyle change decrease LDL @entity165 level without increasing CPK or @entity158 levels and may be a treatment option for dyslipidemic @entity1 who cannot tolerate @entity6817 therapy.

title: Red @entity375 @entity579 for @entity2299 in XXXX -intolerant @entity1 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6817 :: (D019821,Chemical) :: ['statin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the imaging findings of @entity8 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 treated at two institutions were pathologically diagnosed as having epithelioid @entity359 . All of them underwent computed tomography, and four underwent magnetic resonance imaging. The @entity5 size, existence of fat, heterogeneity, computed tomography attenuation, degree of enhancement, enhancement pattern and magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity were evaluated. RESULTS: Intratumoral fat was not detected in any of the cases. On unenhanced computed tomography, the intratumoral attenuation was hyperattenuating in six of the seven @entity1 who were examined using this modality. On T2-weighted images, the signal intensity of the solid component, cyst wall or septum was low in three of the four cases. Four of the eight cases were heterogeneous solid-type accompanied by @entity548 , @entity39 or @entity8855 . One homogeneous solid-type lesion was large in size and was pathologically accompanied by neither @entity548 nor @entity39 . All three multilocular cystic types were pathologically accompanied by @entity548 in the cystic component. One was accompanied by spontaneous perirenal @entity1410 . CONCLUSIONS: The radiological appearance of most epithelioid @entity359 has a tendency to be hyperattenuating on unenhanced computed tomography images, with low intensities on T2-weighted images. They can be heterogeneously solid, homogeneously solid or a multilocular cystic lesion with @entity548 .

title: Epithelioid XXXX : radiological imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal epithelioid angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['hyalinization']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas', 'angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['angiomyolipoma of the kidney']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The optimal extent of lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy for @entity418 remains debatable. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and recurrence after esophagectomy in @entity418 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred thirty-three @entity1 who were operated on between January 1995 and December 2003 due to @entity418 were included. The study subjects were stage I, II, and III esophageal squamous cell @entity189 @entity1 who had undergone curative resection without neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy. To analyze the extent of lymphadenectomy, lymph node stations were classified into three regions, namely, paraesophageal, upper thoracic, and abdominal regions, and @entity1 were allocated to one of three groups, i.e., group 1 received lymphadenectomy in one region only, group 2 in two regions, and group 3 in three regions. RESULTS: The pathologic stages were stage I in 57 (24.5%), IIA in 69 (29.6%), IIB in 27 (11.6%), and III in 80 (34.3%). There were 67 @entity1 in group 1, 102 in group 2, and 64 in group 3. The operative mortality rate was 2.1%. Postoperative morbidity rates and hospital stay periods were no different for the three groups. The overall 5-year survivals in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 21.2, 36.3, and 53.7%, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences between groups (p=0.019). Overall 5-year survival for those with N0 disease was different significantly in the groups (26.7, 56.8, and 74.4% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; p=0.001). However, overall 5-year survival differences for N1 disease were not significant. Group 1 showed more frequent locoregional recurrence than groups 2 and 3 (34.3 vs 12.7% and 15.6%, p=0.002). However, distant recurrence was no different in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: A wider extent of lymphadenectomy in @entity418 was associated with better long-term survival than limited lymphadenectomy, especially in N0 @entity1 . In addition, increased survival was found to be inversely associated with locoregional recurrence.

title: Lymphadenectomy extent is closely related to long-term survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies reactive with intracellular neuronal proteins have been described in paraneoplastic and other @entity792 . Because neurons have been thought impermeable to immunoglobulins, however, such antibodies have been considered unable to enter neurons and bind to their specific antigens during life. Cerebellar Purkinje cells - an important target in paraneoplastic and other @entity792 - have been shown in experimental animals to incorporate a number of molecules from cerebrospinal fluid. IgG has also been detected in Purkinje cells studied post mortem. Despite the possible significance of these findings for @entity1 disease, immunoglobulin uptake by Purkinje cells has not been demonstrated in living tissue or studied systematically. METHODS: To assess Purkinje cell uptake of immunoglobulins, organotypic cultures of @entity35 cerebellum incubated with rat IgGs, human IgG, @entity941 -conjugated IgG, and @entity35 IgM were studied by confocal microscopy in real time and following fixation. An IgG- @entity5699 immunotoxin was used to determine whether conjugation of pharmacological agents to IgG could be used to achieve Purkinje cell-specific drug delivery. RESULTS: IgG uptake was detected in Purkinje cell processes after 4 hours of incubation and in Purkinje cell cytoplasm and nuclei by 24-48 hours. Uptake could be followed in real time using IgG- @entity5610 conjugates. Purkinje cells also incorporated IgM. Intracellular immunoglobulin did not affect Purkinje cell viability, and Purkinje cells cleared intracellular IgG or IgM within 24-48 hours after transfer to media lacking immunoglobulins. The IgG- @entity5699 immunotoxin was also rapidly incorporated into Purkinje cells and caused extensive, cell-specific death within 8 hours. Purkinje cell death was not produced by unconjugated @entity5699 or control IgG. CONCLUSION: Purkinje cells in @entity35 organotypic cultures incorporate and clear host ( @entity35 ) and non-host ( @entity1 or donkey) IgG or IgM, independent of the immunoglobulin's reactivity with Purkinje cell antigens. This property permits real-time study of immunoglobulin-Purkinje cell interaction using fluorochrome IgG conjugates, and can allow Purkinje cell-specific delivery of IgG-conjugated pharmacological agents. Antibodies to intracellular Purkinje cell proteins could potentially be incorporated intracellularly to produce cell injury. Antibodies used therapeutically, including immunotoxins, may also be taken up and cause @entity131 , even if they do not recognize Purkinje cell antigens.

title: Cerebellar Purkinje cells incorporate immunoglobulins and immunotoxins in vitro: implications for XXXX neurological disease and immunotherapeutics.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Purkinje cell injury']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunomycin', 'daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity5610 :: ('CHEBI:51217', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorochrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3622 constitute a serious burden for the affected @entity1 and a major challenge for the attending surgeon. Definitive surgical treatment of the @entity292 depends on the size and location of the @entity292 , the underlying disease, and any previous therapies. In regards to complicated recurrent @entity3622 , transposition of the gracilis muscle is one of the well-established therapeutic options with a success rate of up to 70%. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 01/2004 and 06/2010, ten @entity1 diagnosed with a recurrent @entity3622 were treated in the surgical department of Klinikum Oldenburg by gracilis muscle transposition; their data were collected and analyzed. Post-operative evaluation was performed using a standardized telephone interview. All @entity1 had a protective stoma. The primary endpoint of assessment was the long-term healing of the @entity292 following stoma reversal, and the comparison between those who were treated successfully versus those who were not. RESULTS: Over a time span of 6years, ten @entity1 with a complicated @entity3622 underwent @entity292 repair with the gracilis muscle transposition. @entity1 age ranged from 29 and 64years. There were five @entity3622 , four @entity12478 , and one @entity292 . The underlying disease was @entity5 in seven @entity1 , @entity30 in one @entity1 , previous complicated gynecologic surgery in one @entity1 , and @entity9292 in one @entity1 . All seven @entity1 with @entity5 underwent radiochemotherapy with 50.4Gy (n=6 neo-adjuvant, n=1 adjuvant). All ten @entity1 had previously undergone repair by a different surgical approach while five presented with a second or third recurrence. @entity532 were noted in two @entity1 (perineal wound defect, thigh @entity1410 ). Follow-up of the @entity1 ranged from 8 to 60months. Recurrent @entity3622 occurred in four @entity1 . Evaluation of the data failed to identify statistically significant criteria for treatment failure of @entity3622 repair. CONCLUSION: Our results are similar to previous studies in this area. For the majority of the @entity1 , the gracilis muscle transposition was a long-term effective treatment of recurrent @entity3622 , however recurrences were noted in 40% of cases. Predictive criteria for treatment failure could not be established.

title: Treatment of recurrent rectovaginal/ XXXX by gracilis muscle transposition  -  a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['pouch-vaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistulas', 'rectovaginal fistula', 'Rectovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'anovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity12478 :: (MESH:D014624,Disease) :: ['pouch-vaginal fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16090 ( @entity2858 ) has been shown to be frequently transmitted by acutely infected @entity1 . We investigated the relationship between the dynamics of @entity2858 transmission within recently infected @entity1 , the @entity2858 variability and the transmission of antiretroviral drug resistance. METHODS: We included @entity1 infected between 1996 and 2006, with a plasma sample obtained <18 months after seroconversion and prior to antiretroviral therapy initiation. Reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease sequences were determined by direct population sequencing from plasma samples. Genotypic resistance was interpreted with the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les H  patites Virales 2006 algorithm and International @entity791 Society-USA list. Phylogenetic analysis (neighbour-joining and maximum likelihood methods) of RT sequences was used to determine the @entity2858 subtype and the interrelationship between sequences. RESULTS: Genotypic resistance was detected in 37/263 (14.1%) @entity1 . @entity1 were infected by @entity2858 clade B in 222 (84%) cases and with non-B subtypes in 41 (16%). A total of 80 (30.4%) RT sequences were segregated in 24 clusters with bootstrap values >98% for 22 clusters. The frequency of grouping in clusters was higher within B sequences compared with non-B sequences (35.1% versus 4.9%; P<2.10(-4)). Drug-resistant isolates were retrieved in only 3 clusters, but the prevalence of resistance in clustering viruses (10/80, 12.5%) was not different than in isolated sequences. CONCLUSIONS: The segregation into clusters suggested frequent forward transmission events in @entity1 infected with @entity2858 subtype B, including the possibility of transmission of drug-resistant isolates. These findings warrant increasing prevention efforts and serological screening in the at-risk populations.

title: XXXX transmission dynamics in recent seroconverters: relationship with transmission of drug resistance and viral diversity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity16090 :: (11709,Species) :: ['HIV type-1']


abstract: @entity460 ( @entity141 ), as a second messenger, is crucial for signal transduction processes during many biotic interactions. We demonstrate that cellular [ @entity141 ] elevations are early events in the interaction between the plant growth-promoting fungus Piriformospora indica and @entity958 . A cell wall extract (CWE) from the fungus promotes the growth of wild-type seedlings but not of seedlings from P. indica-insensitive mutants. The extract and the fungus also induce a similar set of genes in @entity958 roots, among them genes with @entity141 signalling-related functions. The CWE induces a transient cytosolic @entity141 ([ @entity141 ](cyt)) elevation in the roots of @entity958 and @entity286 ( @entity286 ) plants, as well as in BY-2 suspension cultures expressing the @entity141 bioluminescent indicator aequorin. Nuclear @entity141 transients were also observed in @entity286 BY-2 cells. The @entity141 response was more pronounced in roots than in shoots and involved @entity141 uptake from the extracellular space as revealed by inhibitor studies. Inhibition of the @entity141 response by @entity866 and the refractory nature of the @entity141 elevation suggest that a receptor may be involved. The CWE does not stimulate @entity274 production and the activation of defence gene expression, although it led to phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in a @entity141 -dependent manner. The involvement of @entity32689 in the mutualistic interaction was shown for an mpk6 line, which did not respond to P. indica. Thus, @entity141 is likely to be an early signalling component in the mutualistic interaction between P. indica and @entity958 or @entity286 .

title: A cell wall extract from the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica promotes growth of XXXX seedlings and induces intracellular @entity460 elevation in roots.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Parents are advised to get their @entity1 back to school soon after exposure to @entity130 , so that they may receive social support and restore the supportive structure of everyday life. This study explores parents' experiences of supporting adolescents in regaining school functioning after the July 2011 massacre at Ut  ya summer camp in Norway. One year after the attack, 87 parents of 63 young @entity1 who survived the massacre were interviewed using qualitative interviews. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. All parents were actively supportive of their @entity1 , and described a demanding process of establishing new routines to make school attendance possible. Most parents described radical changes in their adolescents. The struggle of establishing routines often brought conflict and frustration into the parent-adolescent relationship. Parents were given general advice, but reported being left alone to translate this into action. The first school year after the @entity130 was described as a frustrating and lonely struggle: their adolescents were largely unable to restore normal daily life and school functioning. In 20% of the cases, school-home relationships were strained and were reported as a burden because of poor understanding of needs and insufficient educational adaptive measures; a further 20% reported conflict in school-home relationships, while 50% were either positive or neutral. The last 10%, enrolled in apprenticeship, dropped out, or started working, instead of finishing school. Implications for supporting parents with traumatized adolescent students are indicated.

title: Negotiating a new day: parents' contributions to supporting students' school functioning after exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity14 is the fourth most frequently diagnosed @entity5 and the second leading cause of @entity5 death in the United States. @entity984 mutations occur in 35-45% of metastatic- @entity14 and preclude responsiveness to cetuximab or panitumumab. However, less than 20% of @entity984 wild-type (wt) @entity1 achieve objective response. Alterations of @entity817 / @entity8497 / @entity10160 / @entity983 , have independently been found to give rise to resistance. The first-line trials with cetuximab chemotherapy are conflicting, because of the many differences among prospective and retrospective evaluations. In neoadjuvant regimens, cetuximab with CT obtained a significant and early increase of the RR. In second-line studies cetuximab improved RR and PFS. In third-line studies cetuximab- @entity2600 is associated with a significant advantage in ORR, @entity31002 and @entity3012 . Cetuximab has not reported any benefit neither in adjuvant nor in trials with bevacizumab. In third-line studies cetuximab- @entity2600 is associated with a significant advantage in ORR, @entity31002 and @entity3012 . Value of @entity984 is questioned, since a high percentage of @entity984 -wt @entity1 has no benefit with cetuximab. More and more data on the molecular patterns of these @entity5 underline their biological complexity. Cetuximab treatment is usually well tolerated. Moreover, @entity137 seems to correlate with response to treatment. This patents review focuses on recent advances in the treatment of @entity14 with cetuximab including several novel therapeutic protocols of intervention.

title: Emerging role of cetuximab in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']