abstract: A comparative study has been done of the static B-scan ultrasound appearance of the quadriceps muscle of the thigh in 60 new @entity1 attending our muscle clinic and in 60 control @entity1 . In the control subjects there was good visualization of bone and fascia, which stood out clearly against the background of echo-free muscle tissue. Striking change was found in @entity1 with @entity4094 . @entity3986 were associated with an increase in the intensity of echo reflected from the muscle substance, with corresponding loss of bone echo. Spinal muscular @entity194 and @entity16 also showed an increase in muscle echo along with @entity194 of the muscle and increase in depth of subcutaneous tissue. Various @entity121 also showed changes. @entity1 with @entity2421 from nonneuromuscular causes had normal scans. Severity of change on the scan did not relate to functional disability, and some @entity1 had good function yet strikingly abnormal scans. Three degree of change on the scan correlated with the degree of disruption of muscle architecture on biopsy. Ultrasound imaging has proved to be a useful, noninvasive screening tool in the investigation of @entity1 with @entity4094 .

title: Ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['Muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophies', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['congenital myopathies']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle disease']


abstract: Despite the low incidence of the @entity6052 , a profound knowledge of the disease is essential for anaesthesiologists, as a variety of perioperatively administered drugs are potential triggers of an acute attack. There is an ongoing discussion about the use of volatile anaesthetics in porphyrias, but @entity1508 and @entity5161 seem to be safe. There is no clinical data or case report about the use of @entity10233 in this specific @entity1 group, but its fast and relatively unchanged elimination and the minimal induction of the @entity12325 system seem to be favorable in this setting. We report the use of @entity10233 in a @entity1 with @entity6052 , scheduled for hemihepatectomy. To minimize perioperative distress by @entity158 or the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation, we chose a balanced anaesthesia technique with @entity10233 , @entity681 and @entity5159 in combination with a continuous epidural analgesia (bupivacain and @entity3575 ) for the postoperative period. Preoperatively the @entity7170 precursors were analyzed in serum and urine and postoperatively the 24 h-urine was screened every 2 days until postoperative day 6 to monitor the porphyria activity. The preoperative data showed high concentrations of @entity7170 precursor excretion, confirming the diagnosis of @entity6052 . The postoperative data in the 24 h-urine were significantly lower than preoperative levels and reached normal levels at postoperative day 5. There were no clinical symptoms of a porphyric attack during the postoperative hospitalization. The @entity1 was discharged on postoperative day 21 in excellent condition. We conclude that our perioperative management prevented an acute porphyric attack in this case. @entity10233 might be a valuable alternative to other hypnotics in @entity1 with @entity6052 .

title: [ @entity10233 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane', 'Desflurane']

entities_list: @entity6052 :: ('MESH:D017118', 'Disease') :: ['AIP', 'acute porphyrias', 'acute intermittent porphyria']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity6052 :: (MESH:D017118,Disease) :: ['acute intermittent porphyria']


abstract: Tissue @entity26 pressure was measured in the @entity1707 heart during repeated coronary artery occlusions. ptO2 was measured with an array-multiwire-electrode across the border zone, i.e. the transition zone between normal and @entity1562 . The LAD was occluded three times, each lasting 5 min and with 55 min of reperfusion between the occlusions. Three groups of animals were studied: Group 1 served as controls; Group 2 were given @entity1406 0.3 mg/kg i.v. after the first @entity432 ; Group 3 were given @entity3044 in a continuous infusion, started after the first @entity432 and continued throughout the rest of the experiment. Heart rate differed as expected between the two treated groups. The pattern of ptO2 values across the border zone repeated itself for each animal. No change in the pattern of ptO2 values was seen in either treatment group. In conclusion, there were no indications that it was possible to change the ptO2 of the border zone in the @entity1707 heart either with @entity1406 or @entity3044 in the doses used.

title: Myocardial surface @entity26 pressure across the border zone in the @entity1707 during acute coronary artery occlusion. A comparison of pretreatment with @entity1406 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoprenaline']


abstract: Ebola virus (EBOV) and related filoviruses cause severe @entity7593 , with up to 90% lethality, and no treatments are approved for @entity1 use. Multiple recent outbreaks of EBOV and the likelihood of future @entity1 exposure highlight the need for pre- and postexposure treatments. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails are particularly attractive candidates due to their proven postexposure efficacy in nonhuman primate models of @entity2598 . Two candidate cocktails, @entity15839 and ZMAb, have been extensively evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Recently, these two therapeutics have been combined into a new cocktail named ZMapp, which showed increased efficacy and has been given compassionately to some @entity1 @entity1 . Epitope information and mechanism of action are currently unknown for most of the component mAbs. Here we provide single-particle EM reconstructions of every mAb in the ZMapp cocktail, as well as additional antibodies from @entity15839 and ZMAb. Our results illuminate key and recurring sites of vulnerability on the EBOV glycoprotein and provide a structural rationale for the efficacy of ZMapp. Interestingly, two of its components recognize overlapping epitopes and compete with each other for binding. Going forward, this work now provides a basis for strategic selection of next-generation antibody cocktails against Ebola and related viruses and a model for predicting the impact of ZMapp on potential escape mutations in ongoing or future Ebola outbreaks.

title: Structures of protective antibodies reveal sites of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2598 :: ('MESH:D019142', 'Disease') :: ['EBOV infection']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever']

answer: @entity2598 :: (MESH:D019142,Disease) :: ['vulnerability on Ebola virus']


abstract: Disease screening is a fundamental part of health care. To evaluate the accuracy of a new screening modality, ideally the results of the screening test are compared with those of a definitive diagnostic test in a set of study subjects. However, definitive diagnostic tests are often invasive and cannot be applied to subjects whose screening tests are negative for disease. For example, in @entity5 screening, the assessment of @entity66 status requires a biopsy sample, which for ethical reasons can only be obtained if a subject's screening test indicates presence of @entity5 . Although the absolute accuracy of screening tests cannot be evaluated in such circumstances, it is possible to compare the accuracies of screening tests. Specifically, using relative true positive rate (the ratio of the true positive rate of one test to another) and relative false positive rate (the ratio of the false positive rates of two tests) as measures of relative accuracy, we show that inference about relative accuracy can be made from such studies. Analogies with case-control studies can be drawn where inference about absolute risk cannot be made, but inference about relative risk can. In this paper, we develop a marginal regression analysis framework for making inference about relative accuracy when only screen positives are followed for @entity66 . In this context factors influencing the relative accuracies of tests can be evaluated. It is important to determine such factors in order to understand circumstances in which one test is preferable to another. The methods are applied to two @entity5 screening studies, one concerning the effect of race on screening for @entity263 and the other concerning the effect of @entity5 grade on the detection of @entity5 with cytology versus cervicography screening.

title: Comparing disease screening tests when XXXX status is ascertained only for screen positives.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['true disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['true disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: ThinPrep(  ) (TP) cervical cytology, as a liquid-based method, has many benefits but also a relatively high unsatisfactory rate due to debris/lubricant contamination and the presence of blood. These contaminants clog the TP filter and prevent the deposition of adequate diagnostic cells on the slide. An @entity1543 wash (AAW) protocol is often used to lyse red blood cells, before preparing the TP slides. DESIGN: From 23,291 TP cervical cytology specimens over a 4-month period, 2739 underwent AAW protocol due to initial unsatisfactory smear (UNS) with scant cellularity due to blood or being grossly bloody. Randomly selected 2739 cervical cytology specimens which did not undergo AAW from the same time period formed the control (non-AAW) group. Cytopathologic interpretations of AAW and non-AAW groups were compared using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: About 94.2% of the 2739 cases which underwent AAW were subsequently satisfactory for evaluation with interpretations of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) 4.9% (135), @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) 3.7% (102), and @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) 1% (28). From the 2739 control cases, 96.3% were satisfactory with ASCUS 5.5% (151), @entity2784 5.1% (139), and @entity2784 0.7% (19). The prevalence of ASCUS interpretations was similar (P = 0.33). Although there were 32% more @entity2784 interpretations in the AAW group (28 in AAW vs. 19 in non-AAW), the difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.18). AAW category; however, had significantly fewer @entity2784 interpretations (P = 0.02). The percentage of UNS cases remained higher in the AAW group with statistical significance (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: While AAW had a significantly higher percent of UNS interpretations, the protocol was effective in rescuing 94.2% of specimens which otherwise may have been reported unsatisfactory. This improved @entity1 care by avoiding a repeat test. The prevalence of ASCUS and @entity2784 interpretations between AAW and non-AAW groups were comparable. Though not statistically significant, @entity2784 interpretations were relatively higher in the AAW group. @entity2784 interpretations showed lower prevalence in AAW group.

title: The effectiveness of XXXX wash protocol and the interpretation patterns of blood contaminated cervical cytology ThinPrep(  ) specimens.

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'LSIL', 'HSIL', 'low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Arterial stiffness increases with age and predicts @entity65 . @entity2002 is an acute-phase protein and some studies showed an association with arterial stiffness. We studied genetic variation in the @entity2002 -alpha ( @entity22802 ) and @entity13178 ( @entity13178 ) genes, by means of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( @entity22802 : @entity22803 , @entity22804 , @entity22805 , 312 Thr/Ala, and @entity13178 : @entity22806 , @entity22807 , @entity22808 ) and resultant haplotypes in relation to arterial stiffness. METHODS: The present study (n = 3891) was embedded in the Rotterdam Study. Associations of the @entity2002 level, genotypes and haplotypes with @entity2333 (pulse wave velocity), carotid stiffness (distensibility coefficient) and pulse pressure were investigated in @entity1 and @entity1 by analyses of variance, linear regression and by haplotype analyses. Analyses were adjusted for age, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, known cardiovascular risk factors and @entity731 . RESULTS: Genotype analyses yielded associations of @entity22802 @entity22803 (P = 0.040, for trend) and @entity22802 @entity22809 (P = 0.004, for trend) with the @entity2002 levels, but no consistent associations with arterial stiffness, in @entity1 . @entity22802 -haplotype 4 was associated with the @entity2002 level (P = 0.02) in @entity1 . @entity22802 -haplotype 3 and @entity13178 -haplotype 2 were associated with @entity2333 (P = 0.05) in @entity1 . No associations were found in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that the @entity2002 level and genetic variation in the @entity22802 and @entity13178 genes may influence arterial stiffness in @entity1 .

title: Genetic variation in the XXXX -alpha and @entity2002 -gamma genes in relation to arterial stiffness: the Rotterdam Study.

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: @entity1468 is a serious complication of pregnancy and it is important to detect the condition as early as possible. @entity633 is an important symptom of @entity1468 and repeated urine analyses to screen for the condition are part of the standard antenatal care. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether measurement of the urine albumin/ @entity1011 ratio in spot samples could be a complement to the dipstick method and could reduce the need for 24-h urine collections. Urine samples were collected for 24 h in weeks 12, 24 and 36 of pregnancy from both normotensive @entity1 and @entity1 who developed @entity101 or who had pregnancy-induced @entity101 ( @entity5029 ) when they entered the study. The 24-h albumin excretion was significantly correlated to the albumin/ @entity1011 ratio in all measurements (Pearson correlation coefficient). In week 12, the values were: n = 44, r = 0.964, p < 0.001 (normotensive group) and in the @entity5029 group: n = 8, r = 0.789, p < 0.05. In week 24, the correlation values were r = 1.0 and p < 0.001 in both the normotensive group (n = 41) and in the @entity5029 group (n = 11). In week 36 the correlation values were r = 0.791 and p < 0.001 in the normotensive group (n = 39) and r = 1.0 and p < 0.001 in the @entity5029 group (n = 16). Microalbuminuria was defined as urine albumin excretion higher than 30 mg/24 h and this corresponded to an albumin/ @entity1011 ratio of 2.9. Microalbuminuria was found in three @entity1 in the @entity5029 group and in two @entity1 in the normotensive group. Overt @entity633 (> 300 mg/24 h) was found in one of the 46 normotensive @entity1 (2%) and in 3 of the 19 @entity5029 @entity1 (16%). In all these @entity1 the high albumin values had been detected by using the albumin/ @entity1011 ratio method. In conclusion, it has been found that the albumin excretion in urine correlates significantly to the albumin/ @entity1011 ratio during pregnancy. The urinary albumin/ @entity1011 ratio appears to be a good alternative to the dipstick method and to 24-h urine collections.

title: Relationship between urinary albumin and albumin/ @entity1011 ratio during normal pregnancy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'Pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are usually controlled by a continuous titration of medication and addition of multiple therapies over the course of the disease. Therapeutic complex schemes, polymedication, comorbidities and the number of medications required contribute to non-adherence. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was performed in 418 @entity1 with @entity191 on treatment with any antiparkinsonian medication. @entity1 adherence was assessed through physicians' subjective perception and the Morisky-Green test (MGT). Several social, demographic and clinical features were correlated through bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: According to the physician's opinion 93.7%, and according to the MGT 60.4% of @entity1 were adherent to parkinsonian therapy. The bivariate analysis showed greater adherence in @entity1 with a high level of knowledge about the disease (62.8%), good clinical control (63.6%), a spouse or life partner (63%) and higher incomes (66%). Negative correlation with @entity146 symptoms was found. In relation to the MGT, the logistic regression model showed a negative correlation between @entity73 and @entity146 pathology and adherence to therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The physician's impression overestimated the compliance of @entity1 when compared with an objective evaluation such as the MGT. @entity73 and @entity146 symptoms are the clinical variables associated with a lower level of adherence.

title: Socio-demographic and clinical factors influencing the adherence to treatment in XXXX : the ADHESON study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: @entity731 develop and progress more rapidly in @entity6 @entity1 than in nondiabetic individuals. This may be caused by accelerated lesion formation in the high- @entity413 environment of @entity6 . Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cultured in high @entity413 are more responsive to growth factors such as @entity24369 ( @entity24369 ). This enhanced response to @entity24369 is due in part to increased activation of the alpha(V)beta(3) integrin. We tested whether alpha(V)beta(3) integrin activation was increased in @entity6 animals and whether an antibody to beta(3) would inhibit @entity24369 action and development of @entity731 . Eight male @entity1707 were made @entity6 with @entity3839 and fed a high-fat diet. A F(ab)(2) antibody fragment directed at beta(3) was infused into one femoral artery, whereas the other artery received control F(ab)(2) for 3.5 months. There was a 65 +/- 8% reduction in @entity731 area in the arteries treated with F(ab)(2) antibody to beta(3). Phosphorylation of beta(3) was reduced by 75 +/- 18% in vessels treated with the antibody. Shc and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, which are required for @entity24369 -stimulated SMC proliferation, were also significantly reduced. We conclude that activation of @entity24370 and alpha(V)beta(3)-linked signaling pathways accelerates @entity731 in @entity6 and that administration of an antibody to beta(3) to @entity6 @entity1707 inhibits alpha(V)beta(3) activation, @entity24369 -stimulated signaling, and @entity731 development. This approach offers a potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of this disorder.

title: A monoclonal antibody against alphaVbeta3 integrin inhibits development of @entity731 in @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Recurrent groin @entity547 is not uncommon in Taiwan. Subsequent surgical repairs are difficult, due to cicartrization and deterioration of the inguinal floor. In this report, the intermediate and long-term outcomes of 212 @entity1 with recurrent groin @entity547 who underwent surgical repair within a 10-year period were analyzed in order to assess the effectiveness of two modified repair techniques. @entity1 with unilateral first-time recurrent @entity547 (UR; n = 87) were treated by a modified Shouldice technique using an inguinal approach. Those with bilateral or @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ; n = 125) were treated with giant prosthetic reinforcement of the visceral sac (GPRVS, Stoppa operation) using a midline preperitoneal approach. Complete exploration of the groin floor on the side of recurrence revealed a high rate of direct space defects (UR, 41.5%; MR, 65%) and multiple posterior wall defects (UR, 29.9%; MR, 30%). In the UR group, a 4 x 10-cm preperitoneal prosthetic mesh was incorporated to reinforce the repair. For MR @entity1 , I reduced the transverse dimension of the mesh prosthesis by 2 cm compared with the original Stoppa protocol; to reduce crinkling, the average dimensions were 23 x 14 cm. Complications in the UR group included @entity194 (3 @entity1 ) and femoral @entity715 (1). Complications in the MR group were transient scrotal fluid accumulation (9 @entity1 ), fatal perioperative @entity583 (1), and failure of the peritoneum to grow over the mesh (1). The average hospital stay was 3 days in the UR group and 6 days in the MR group. The long-term follow-up (1-9 years) revealed a 5.7% re-recurrence rate with an 86.2% follow-up rate in the UR group, and a 1.9% re-recurrence rate with an 86.6% follow-up rate in the UR group. I conclude that GPRVS is an excellent treatment for URs, but the transverse dimension of the prosthetic mesh should be reduced for Taiwanese subjects. However, for first-time @entity4557 , a modified Shouldice technique with incorporation of a preperitoneal prosthetic mesh is still recommended. The surgical dissection is less extensive and the hospital stay is shorter, while the re-recurrence rate is acceptably low.

title: Surgical treatment of recurrent groin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['multiple recurrences', 'MRs']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The blood pressure (BP) of most patients on antihypertensive monotherapy or bitherapy remains uncontrolled. Our study evaluated the efficacy of triple therapy with @entity4687 , @entity3591 , and @entity7486 sustained release (SR) in @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity101 on previous antihypertensive therapy. METHODS: This 4-month, multicenter, prospective, observational, open-label study included @entity1 switched from previous antihypertensive therapy to triple therapy with @entity4687 , @entity3591 , and @entity7486 SR. The main outcome was change in office BP from baseline to 4 months, as well as changes in 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) parameters in a subgroup of @entity1 . RESULTS: Age was 62.8    11.3 years in 6,088 @entity1 (55 % were male). Office BP at baseline was 158.1    13.0/92.6    8.8 mmHg. By 4 months, office BP decreased by 26.7    13.3/12.9    9.4 mmHg (p < 0.001). ABPM was performed in 62 @entity1 . In these @entity1 , 24-h systolic BP decreased (from 138.7    12.5 to 125.5    12.8 mmHg), as did 24-h diastolic BP (from 77.5    11.4 to 70.4    8.7 mmHg) (both p < 0.0001). Heart rate remained unchanged. In @entity1 previously on renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) inhibitor/ @entity3591 , 24-h ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP decreased from 136.9    12.8 to 125.4    13.3 mmHg (p = 0.0003) and from 76.3    12.6 to 70.2    9.5 mmHg (p = 0.0005). In those previously on RAAS inhibitor/ @entity918 , 24-h ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP decreased from 137.8    12.7 to 122.7    15.4 mmHg (p = 0.0039) and from 73.6    9.4 to 65.7    7.3 mmHg (p = 0.002). Most (74 and 80 %, respectively) @entity1 reached target ABPM values (<130/80 mmHg). CONCLUSION: A triple combination of @entity4687 , @entity3591 , and @entity7486 SR controlled BP effectively in @entity101 @entity1 uncontrolled by previous antihypertensive monotherapy or bitherapy, including RAAS inhibitor/ @entity3591 or RAAS inhibitor/ @entity918 combinations.

title: Triple combination therapy in @entity101 : the antihypertensive efficacy of treatment with @entity4687 , @entity3591 , and XXXX SR.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity7486 :: (MESH:D007190,Chemical) :: ['indapamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosing @entity697 clinically is still difficult. We developed random forests, support vector machines, and artificial @entity1274 models to diagnose @entity697 . METHODS: Between January 2006 and December 2008, @entity1 who had a consultation session with surgeons for suspected @entity697 were enrolled. Seventy-five percent of the data set was used to construct models including random forest, support vector machines, artificial @entity1274 , and logistic regression. Twenty-five percent of the data set was withheld to evaluate model performance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate performance, which was compared with that of the Alvarado score. RESULTS: Data from a total of 180 @entity1 were collected, 135 used for training and 45 for testing. The mean age of @entity1 was 39.4 years (range, 16-85). Final diagnosis revealed 115 @entity1 with and 65 without @entity698 . The AUC of random forest, support vector machines, artificial @entity1274 , logistic regression, and Alvarado was 0.98, 0.96, 0.91, 0.87, and 0.77, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of random forest were 94%, 100%, 100%, and 87%, respectively. Random forest performed better than artificial @entity1274 , logistic regression, and Alvarado. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that random forest can predict @entity697 with good accuracy and, deployed appropriately, can be an effective tool in clinical decision making.

title: Novel solutions for an old disease: diagnosis of @entity697 with random forest, support vector machines, and artificial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural network', 'neural networks']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['neural networks']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of transnasal trans-sphenoid endoscopic optic nerve fenestration for the reversal of @entity1018 in pediatric @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a single center observational retrospective case series. Fifteen diagnosed pediatric @entity1 of @entity5576 satisfying the modified Dandy criteria and reported to the out- @entity1 services of otolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India were included in this study. All @entity1 underwent thorough clinical examination, complete neuro-ophthalmological work up including visual acuity (V/A), visual field charting(V/F), fundus venogram and radiological work up with MRI for special optic nerve sections in sagittal reconstruction. cerebro-spinal fluid pressure (CSF) measured pre operatively for all @entity1 . Standard endoscopic optic nerve sheath fenestration was performed on all @entity1 . Visual improvement was assessed by comparing pre-operative ophthalmological findings. RESULTS: Improvement in vision was taken as a positive outcome. Vision improved in all except two @entity1 , who had pre-existing @entity1952 . CONCLUSION: Endoscopic optic nerve fenestration is an effective minimally invasive procedure to revert @entity227 in pediatric @entity5576 .

title: Endoscopic optic nerve fenestration amongst pediatric XXXX : A new surgical option.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve atrophy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension', 'idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the ability of the "biphasic" response (i.e., initial improvement in wall thickening followed by reduced wall thickening) during serial @entity452 stress echocardiography to detect @entity63 in @entity1 with a wall motion abnormality. Furthermore, we compared the power of the biphasic echocardiographic response with that of myocardial perfusion imaging for the detection of @entity741 . BACKGROUND: Stress echocardiography has been shown to be less sensitive than radionuclide perfusion imaging for detecting @entity63 in @entity1 with a wall motion abnormality. Peak stress wall thickening in such areas may not give a full account of the intermediate changes, whereas initial improvement (the biphasic response) may enhance diagnosis. METHODS: @entity1 with a wall motion abnormality and documented coronary artery disease underwent simultaneous graded @entity452 (5 to 40 micrograms/kg body weight per min) stress echocardiography and radionuclide perfusion imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography using either @entity1136 sestamibi or @entity1136 tetrofosmin. Semiquantitative analyses of image groups were performed in blinded manner by two separate groups of observers. RESULTS: @entity741 was detected by perfusion imaging in 45 of the 54 @entity1 . High dose @entity452 echocardiography detected @entity63 in only 25 (56%) of these @entity1 . However, when the biphasic response was taken into account, @entity63 was detected in 44 (98%) of the 45 @entity1 (p < 0.001). Agreement between radionuclide imaging and echocardiographic findings for the detection of @entity63 was significantly enhanced (p = 0.03) when the biphasic response was used (89%, kappa = 0.51) instead of high dose stress @entity452 echocardiography (56%, kappa = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: The detection of @entity741 may be significantly enhanced by utilizing the biphasic response during serial stress @entity452 echocardiography in @entity1 with a wall motion abnormality.

title: Enhanced detection of @entity741 by stress XXXX echocardiography utilizing the "biphasic" response of wall thickening during low and high dose @entity452 infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: @entity1 and adolescents with a @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) frequently undergo @entity158 or frightening medical procedures and hospitalizations. They often need multiple invasive procedures at a very young age and require regular checkups during their entire life. From other pediatric populations, it is known that these kinds of experiences can result in acute stress reactions and even in @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) in the long-term. @entity1005 and also subthreshold @entity1005 can lead to serious (psychosocial) impairment. However, limited information is available about @entity1005 in @entity1 with @entity4297 . Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current literature on post-traumatic stress (PTS) in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity4297 describing the prevalence of @entity1005 and its predictors/correlates. This review indicates that a range of 12-31% of @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery develop @entity1005 . A range of 12-14% shows elevated post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). These findings are comparable to those of hospitalized @entity1 without @entity4297 . Noteworthy, most studies used varying self-report questionnaires to measure @entity1005 and only one study used a semistructured interview. Although all studies point in the same direction of elevated @entity1005 and PTSS, systematic research is necessary to be able to draw firm conclusions. At present, as far as we know, in most clinics treating @entity1 with @entity4297 , there is no regular screening for PTS in @entity1 with @entity4297 . In the reviewed literature, there is strong consensus that screening for PTSS and (preventive) psychological care for @entity1 and adolescents with @entity4297 is urgently needed.

title: Medically Related Post-traumatic Stress in @entity1 and Adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['ConHD', 'congenital heart defect']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['Congenital Heart Defects']


abstract: The grim prognosis of @entity2 , that has an overall 10-15% survival at 5 years, remains in the US the leading cause of @entity5 mortality, provides a compelling rationale for studying the molecular basis of this malignancy. Surmising the common, general association with smoking, @entity2 differ at the microscopic, anatomical, epidemiological and clinical level and harbor complex genetic and epigenetic alterations. Currently, @entity2 is divided into @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) for the purpose of clinical management. ( @entity1149 ) constitutes 80-85% of @entity2 and is further divided into histological subtypes such as @entity420 , @entity957 , and @entity152 , etc. The ultimate goal for @entity2 research is to develop a strategy to block the @entity5 progression and improve the prognosis of @entity2 . This goal can realistically be achieved only when the biological complexity of this disease is taken into account. To this end, identification and understanding of molecular markers that are mechanistically involved in @entity5 progression is needed. Our recent studies suggest histological subtype-dependent distinct correlations between the expression and/or subcellular localization of @entity5 suppressive @entity24208 with the progression and prognosis of @entity1149 . @entity24208 is an epithelial specific member of the @entity563 protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily but recently identified as an endogenous inhibitor of @entity17029 ( @entity17029 ). This novel biochemical activity coincides with a consensus emerged recently from the evidence that nuclear @entity24208 confers better differentiated epithelial phenotypes, decreased @entity5 angiogenesis, @entity5 sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis, and a more favorable prognosis. In the current review, we discuss the evidence that @entity24208 may be a marker that stratifies the progression and prognosis of different subtypes of @entity1149 .

title: The natural @entity5 suppressor protein XXXX and potential application in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'increased tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity17029 :: ('3065', 'Gene') :: ['HDAC1', 'histone deacetylase 1']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity24208 :: (5268,Gene) :: ['maspin']


abstract: @entity1592 , a major source of fetal/ @entity1 morbidity and mortality, remains difficult to detect reliably before birth. In a previous study from our laboratory, determination of the presence of @entity3634 (PG) in amniotic fluid was found to be potentially useful for separating the @entity851 fetus from the appropriately grown fetus of similar size. In the current study, this finding was confirmed and a clinical model for applying this method of detecting the small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetus was developed. Among 249 pregnancies in which ultrasound examination and amniocenteses were performed at or beyond 34 weeks' gestation and within a week of delivery, a fetal biparietal diameter of less than or equal to 87 mm and the presence of PG in amniotic fluid were found to be capable of detecting 80% of all SGA fetuses. Moreover, one half of the predictions of the birth of an SGA @entity1 would have been correct. A positive screen with the use of this model was associated with a fifteen fold increase in risk for the birth of an SGA @entity1 . These findings suggest a series of diagnostic steps to improve the antenatal detection of the @entity851 fetus. (1) The clinician should assess risks and have a high index of suspicion. (2) When the at-risk pregnancy is thought to be at least 34 weeks, ultrasound examination may be helpful in confirming that the fetus is small. (3) Carefully amniocentesis, with the determination of PG, may then be useful in diagnosing @entity1592 .

title: Using ultrasound and amniotic fluid determinations to diagnose XXXX before birth: a clinical model.

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['Intrauterine growth retardation', 'intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth-retarded']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether two commonly used newer @entity902 -based regimens offer any advantage over @entity1206 - @entity900 (reference regimen) in response rate for @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity136 1,250 mg/m(2) days 1 and 8 plus @entity900 75 mg/m(2) day 2 every 21 days (GC arm), or @entity1311 225 mg/m(2) (3-hour infusion) then @entity3003 (area under the concentration-time curve of 6 mg/mL x min), both on day 1 every 21 days ( @entity21366 arm), or @entity1206 25 mg/m(2)/wk for 12 weeks then every other week plus @entity900 100 mg/m(2) day 1 every 28 days (VC arm). RESULTS: Six hundred twelve @entity1 were randomized to treatment (205 GC, 204 @entity21366 , and 203 VC). Overall response rates for the GC (30%) and @entity21366 (32%) arms were not significantly different from that of the VC arm (30%). There were no differences in overall survival, time to disease progression, or time to treatment failure. Median survival for the GC, @entity21366 , and VC groups was 9.8, 9.9, and 9.5 months, respectively. Neutropenia was significantly higher on the VC arm (GC 17% or @entity21366 35% v VC 43% of cycles, P <.001), as was @entity882 on the GC arm (GC 16% v VC 0.1% of cycles, P <.001). Alopecia and @entity1897 were most common on the @entity21366 arm, as was @entity390 / @entity391 on the VC arm (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Efficacy end points were not significantly different between experimental and reference arms, although @entity137 showed differences. These findings suggest that chemotherapy in @entity1149 has reached a therapeutic plateau.

title: Phase III randomized trial comparing three XXXX -based doublets in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity158 management requires appropriate @entity1 assessment, ongoing reassessment, and an understanding of the options available for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1118 . Opioids have long been an important option in the management of moderate to severe @entity1118 , but optimal use requires understanding the variety of choices currently available. METHODS: Literature search was carried out using PubMed. Search terms included "steady state," "pharmacokinetics," "pharmacodynamics," "chronic non-cancer @entity158 ," "sustained release opioid," "extended release opioid," "controlled release opioid," " @entity1286 ," " @entity12336 ," " @entity10748 ," " @entity1288 ," and " @entity3575 ." RESULTS: This search found 12 @entity1118 studies that compared short- and long-acting opioids head-to-head. These were supplemented with representative studies from the @entity1118 literature. DISCUSSION: The objective of this article is to review clinical data for the use of long-acting and short-acting opioids in a variety of chronic @entity158 conditions. Although some @entity1 with @entity1118 appear to prefer short-acting opioids, many @entity1 receiving long-acting opioid formulations show improved treatment responses and better perception of quality of life. In addition, the sustained reductions in @entity158 seen with long-acting opioid formulations may promote @entity1 ' focus on daily activities rather than on their @entity158 , thereby improving therapy adherence and reducing @entity158 -related anxieties. CONCLUSION: Long-term clinical trials of these formulations are needed to allow clinicians to make informed decisions about which @entity1 groups might benefit most from these formulations.

title: What is the case for prescribing long-acting opioids over short-acting opioids for @entity1 with XXXX ? A critical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

entities_list: @entity12336 :: ('MESH:D010111', 'Chemical') :: ['oxymorphone']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['noncancer pain', 'Effective pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Obesity results in an increased risk of @entity209 ( @entity209 ) and @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM). Body fat percentage (BF%) is a common index of body composition. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal BF% cut-offs for @entity28 to predict @entity209 and T2DM in Chinese adults. The baseline study group comprised 3916 Chinese adults (age 30-70  years of age); 2033 subjects without @entity209 or T2DM were followed up for a maximum of 5.5  years. The BF% was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Optimal BF% cut-offs were analysed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to measure the association between @entity28 at baseline defined by BF% and newly developed @entity209 and T2DM. Mean BF% levels were lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 (23.9      6.1% vs 33.5      7.1%, respectively; P  <  0.01). For @entity1 , the optimal BF% cut-offs for the prediction of @entity209 and T2DM were 25.45% and 26.65%, respectively; for @entity1 , the corresponding values were 34.95% and 36.55%. Subjects with high BF% (>=   25% in @entity1 ; >=   35% in @entity1 ) had higher risks of incident @entity209 or T2DM than those with low BF% (<  25% in @entity1 ; <  35% in @entity1 ). The relative risks were 3.43 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.59-4.54) and 2.92 (95% CI 1.85-4.60), respectively. The optimal BF% cut-offs for @entity28 for the prediction of @entity209 and T2DM in Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 were around 25% and 35%, respectively.

title: Optimal body fat percentage cut-offs for XXXX in Chinese adults.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wound dressing changes after @entity130 expose the @entity1 to repeated @entity158 and frightening procedures in short intervals. Safe, adequate, and easily administered @entity1337 and sedation are required. The goal of this study was to evaluate the off-label use of rectally administered @entity16346 and @entity1363 by paediatric surgeons during repeated outpatient dressing changes for paediatric burns and @entity5391 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 47 dressing changes of 30 @entity1 with I - IIa degrees burns were evaluated. Vital signs, side-effects, complications, anxiolysis, and @entity1337 were recorded during the procedure and for the following two hours. @entity1 were assessed by a discharge scoring system and an age-appropriate @entity158 scoring system at regular intervals. Before discharge, parents were interviewed on their level of satisfaction with the protocol. RESULTS: Adequate sedation and @entity1337 was achieved in 44 procedures (94 %). No complications and, in particular, no compromise of breathing, ventilatory, and cardiovascular functions were recorded. The discharge scoring system indicated a return to baseline function 30 minutes after the procedure in all @entity1 . The parents were generally very satisfied with the protocol. All @entity1 old enough to be questioned were found to have an anterograde @entity2730 for the duration of the procedure. CONCLUSION: Conscious sedation with rectally applied @entity16346 and @entity1363 allows safe and painless dressing changes after @entity130 in @entity1 .

title: Conscious sedation: Off-label use of rectal @entity16346 and XXXX for wound dressing changes in paediatric @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['heat injuries']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: A case of @entity980 of the spermatic cord in a 6-year-old @entity1 is reported. On February 26, 1986, he visited Nakamura Hospital with the chief complaint of enlargement of the left scrotal content. The contralateral scrotum was normal. The left scrotal content was a hard thumb-head-sized @entity5 . The left testis and epididymis were not distinguishable from the @entity5 . On the same day, left high inguinal orchiectomy was performed. The @entity5 was 3.5 by 2.5 by 2.5 cm in size and was distinguishable from the testis, epididymis and tunica vaginalis. Histopathological findings were @entity2875 and it appeared to have originated from the spermatic cord. Two years after operation, the @entity1 is living without @entity3 . Including our experience, 101 cases of the @entity980 found in Japanese literature are reviewed and briefly discussed.

title: [A case of XXXX of the spermatic cord].

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity2875 :: (MESH:D018233,Disease) :: ['embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: This study investigated the association between positive genetic diagnosis for @entity6069 mutations and @entity25 in Ashkenazi asymptomatic @entity1 . Seventy-three @entity1 , including 17 asymptomatic @entity6069 carriers and 20 non-carriers from the oncogenetic clinic, and 36 community controls, participated in a cross-sectional design. @entity1 completed sociodemographic, clinical, general @entity458 , @entity5 in their homes, and wore actigraphs for 5-7 nights. @entity25 was demonstrated in @entity5345 /2 carriers compared to non-carriers and controls [mean Pittsburgh @entity25 index (PSQI) total scores 7.29 +/- 4.34; 3.94 +/- 2.49; 4.21 +/- 2.80, respectively, P = 0.021] and poor @entity25 (PSQI total score >5) was significantly higher in carriers (53%) compared to non-carriers (20%) and controls (28%, P = 0.03). Based on actigraphic measures, sleep latency tended to be longer in carriers compared to counterparts, albeit not significantly. Increased @entity25 was related significantly to increased fatigue in the entire sample and in the control group; to @entity458 in the entire sample and in non-carriers; and to @entity5 in the entire sample. In carriers, @entity25 was related strongly but non-significantly to @entity1295 and @entity5 . Fatigue and carrier status were significant predictors of @entity25 , accounting for 15.7% of the variance. In conclusion, asymptomatic @entity5345 /2 carriers experience poor @entity25 compared to non-carriers and controls. Our study design is unique in that it offers insight regarding the nature of being an asymptomatic carrier, and affords the opportunity to examine factors that may contribute to the development of @entity22 in @entity1 at risk for @entity5344 .

title: Sleep disturbances in asymptomatic @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers: @entity1 at high risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast-ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related worry (CRW), fatigue and sleep questionnaires', 'CRW']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue, psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired global subjective sleep quality', 'sleep quality', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['breast-ovarian cancer']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1820 differ greatly internationally. Blacks have higher rates than whites for esophagus, stomach, liver, and @entity788 in the U.S. Differences also occur between other racial groups. Studies on migrants suggest environmental causes for these differences. @entity5 rates have fallen, intestine @entity5 is stable, @entity788 rates rose, but are now falling in males. The incidence of colon, rectal, breast, corpus-uterus, ovary, and @entity263 are positively correlated, but @entity694 are negatively correlated. Colon and @entity5 mortality are positively and @entity5 negatively associated with social class. Esophageal, liver, colon, and @entity788 in males are higher in urban areas. Seventh Day Adventists and Mormons show a low risk of @entity694 . Internationally intake of fat is correlated with @entity788 , and starch with @entity5 .

title: Risk factors from geographic epidemiology for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['colon, rectal, and pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'Stomach cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or rectal and stomach cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, it has been known that the bronchogenic artery participates in the blood supply of primary @entity153 , but there is controversy about the blood supply from pulmonary artery in primary @entity153 . The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the blood supply from pulmonary artery and pathological characteristis of @entity1 with primary @entity153 . METHODS: The pulmonary arteries in 43 surgical @entity153 were marked, then the @entity16940 was used to selective pulmonary arteriography in digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The relationship between @entity5 with blood supply from pulmonary artery and the pathologic characteristics was observed. RESULTS: There were 34 samples with blood supply from pulmonary artery ( 79.07%) , and 9 samples without blood supply from pulmonary artery (20.93%). The development rate of @entity2 (100.00%) was significantly higher than that of central @entity2 (64.00%) (P < 0.01) . The development rate of @entity957 (91.30%) was remarkably higher than that of @entity420 (61.11%) (P < 0.05). The development rate of poorly differentiated @entity2 (95.00%) was remarkably higher than that of well and moderately differentiated @entity2 (65.22%) (P < 0.05). There was a positive relationship between the @entity5 size and the development rate (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In primary @entity153 , the pulmonary artery blood supply exists in most of @entity5 . There is relationship between the blood supply from pulmonary artery and general type, histopathology, cell differentiation and @entity5 size of @entity2 . The blood supply from pulmonary artery doesn't relate to @entity5 stage.

title: [Study on relationship between blood supply from pulmonary artery and pathological characteristics of @entity1 with primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16940 :: ('MESH:C038192', 'Chemical') :: ['iopromide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma', 'samples of bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: Age is a strong adverse prognostic factor in @entity3052 . Little is known about the biology of @entity3052 in elderly @entity1 . The aim of this study was to identify genes with age-dependent changes of expression in leukemic blasts and their relevance for the @entity1 prognosis. Gene expression profiling was carried out by mRNA microarray analysis from blasts of 67 adult @entity3052 @entity1 of different age (range, 17-80 years). Among the genes that correlated with age, @entity24436 and @entity24437 were selected for protein expression studies on a tissue array containing bone marrow histologies of 135 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3052 of different ages. A significant correlation between mRNA expression levels and @entity1 age was shown by 131 genes. Increasing age was associated with significantly decreased mRNA levels of @entity24437 . On the protein level, expression of @entity24437 was low or absent in 74 out of 116 @entity3052 specimens. Importantly, @entity1 with low protein expression levels of @entity24437 experienced significantly shortened event free (2.6 months versus 10.3 months, p=0.003) and overall survival (10.4 months versus 22.6 months, p=0.015). The @entity24437 protein expression level remained a significant prognostic factor for event free survival (p=0.014) with a borderline significance for overall survival (p=0.066) in a multivariate analysis. @entity24437 protein expression might play a role in the determination of the prognosis and might have possible implications in therapy decision in @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: Low @entity24437 protein expression predicts poor survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Eighty-three @entity1 with serious @entity293 were treated with oral @entity2177 . Of these @entity1 , 79 were hospitalized, and 41 had known structural or @entity16 of the urinary tract. The most common pathogens were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (MICs, less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml), @entity796 (MICs, 0.13 to 2 micrograms/ml), and @entity797 (MICs, 0.5 to 2 micrograms/ml). Sixty-eight @entity1 were able to be evaluated for determining efficacy; all responded symptomatically, and all urinary pathogens were eradicated on days 3 to 5 of treatment. Five @entity1 , who were treated for a relatively short duration (2 to 10 days), relapsed 5 to 9 days posttreatment. Six @entity1 became colonized with @entity375 during treatment, and seven @entity1 developed bacterial reinfections 5 to 9 days posttreatment. All @entity1 whose @entity281 relapsed or who developed @entity281 with new organisms had neurogenic bladders, structural abnormalities of the genitourinary tract, or urinary catheters. There was no instance of bacteria developing resistance during treatment. @entity2177 probably caused @entity390 with or without @entity391 in 7 of the 83 @entity1 , @entity10 in 3 @entity1 , and mild elevation of hepatic enzymes in 2 @entity1 ; other adverse reactions were observed but were probably not drug related. Oral @entity2177 was effective and safe for the treatment of serious @entity293 caused by a variety of bacterial pathogens.

title: Efficacy and safety of oral @entity2177 for treatment of serious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: Injectable contraceptions appeal to @entity1 who value the efficacy, convenience, and safety provided by this reversible birth control option. Since FDA approval for contraceptive use in 1992, depot @entity11796 ( @entity12135 )--already used by millions of @entity1 worldwide--has been used by several million U.S. @entity1 . Although @entity1 using this 3-month progestin-only injectable often experience irregular @entity548 and spotting (initially), long-term @entity12135 use typically results in @entity2588 . Many users, including adolescents, choose @entity12135 because of its convenience--nearly 100% contraceptive effectiveness is achieved with 4 injections per year. Because @entity12135 does not contain @entity172 , it represents an appropriate contraceptive choice for postpartum or lactating @entity1 , as well as those whose medical status precludes use of contraceptive doses of @entity172 . Some examples include: @entity1 over age 35 who smoke, those with increased @entity1031 risk, @entity1 with @entity65 , as well as @entity1 with complex @entity2704 . Although fertility resumes on the average 10 months following the last injection, suppression of ovulation occasionally persists for as long as 22 months. Consequently, @entity12135 is not an appropriate choice for @entity1 who may wish to conceive within the next two years. Since the use of @entity12135 lowers ovarian @entity53 production, reversible loss of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) may occur. Studies currently in progress may clarify @entity12135 's long-term impact, if any, on @entity79 . Therapeutic uses of @entity12135 include treatment of: @entity1834 , @entity931 (including that associated with fibroid uterine @entity5 ), @entity46 , @entity1869 , @entity158 , @entity158 associated with @entity2670 , @entity3010 and perimenopausal symptoms.

title: Injectable depot XXXX contraception: an update for U.S. clinicians.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraines']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian adhesive disease']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ovulatory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual dysphoria']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular or liver disease']

answer: @entity11796 :: (MESH:D017258,Chemical) :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']


abstract: We investigated the participation of catecholaminergic mechanisms in the functional recovery from motor cortex lesions in young (9 months) and aged (26 months) @entity35 . The animals were studied during the recovery period from an @entity2795 secondary to small motor cortex lesions potentiated by the localized, chronic (7 days) infusion of @entity1246 into the lesion site. Acute administration of @entity1767 (0.1 mg/kg IP) to these recovered animals induced a re-emergence of the @entity717 in both groups. In the young group, the @entity1767 -induced @entity1158 lasted one day whereas in the aged animals the deficit was significantly prolonged lasting three days. @entity3826 administration (0.5 mg/kg IP) prior to or immediately after @entity1767 injection failed to prevent or reverse the reappearance of the @entity51 . Adult animals recovered from motor cortex aspirations performed 7 to 12 months prior were refractory to @entity1767 effects. @entity4944 administration to young @entity35 treated chronically with saline or @entity1246 infusion into the somatomotor region also failed to alter the clinical evolution of the @entity51 . The evidence suggests that dopaminergic mechanisms are involved in the functional recovery from @entity75 and that these mechanisms are most susceptible to neuroleptic blockade during the early post-lesional period. The deleterious effects of dopaminergic blockade are heightened in aged populations. The use of dopaminergic antagonists in brain-lesioned subjects, and particularly in geriatric populations, is considered potentially harmful, particularly in the early stages of the recovery process.

title: Recovery from @entity1246 -mediated @entity1158 in young and aged XXXX : effects of catecholaminergic manipulations.

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral motor syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphetamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Cells of @entity14681 were grown photoorganotrophically and chemoorganotrophically and then starved for organic @entity505 and combined @entity1568 under four conditions: anaerobically in the light and dark and aerobically in the light and dark. Illumination prolonged viability and suppressed the net degradation of cell material of phototrophically grown cells, but had no effect on chemotrophically grown cells that did not contain bacteriochlorophyll. The half-life survival times of @entity1735 -rich phototrophically grown cells during starvation anaerobically or aerobically in the light were 17 and 14.5 days, respectively. The values for starvation aerobically and anaerobically in the dark were 3 and 0.5 days, respectively. Chemotrophically grown cells had half-life survival times of 3 and 4 days during starvation aerobically in the light and dark, respectively, and 0.8 day during starvation anaerobically in the light or dark. Of all cell constituents examined, @entity1735 was most extensively degraded during starvation, although the rate of degradation was slowest for phototrophically grown cells starved anaerobically in the light. Phototrophically grown cells containing @entity13099 as @entity505 reserve were less able to survive starvation anaerobically in the light than were @entity1735 -rich cells starved under comparable conditions. Light intensity had a significant effect on viability of phototrophically grown cells starving anaerobically. At light intensities of 320 to 650 lx, the half-life survival times were 17 to 24 days. At 2,950 to 10,500 lx, the survival times decreased to 1.5 to 5.5 days. The kinetics of cell @entity204 correlated well with the rate of loss of cell mass of starving cells. However, the cause of @entity204 could not be attributed to degradation of any specific cell component.

title: Viability and endogenous substrates used during starvation survival of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity13099 :: ('MESH:C003182', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity14681 :: ('1085', 'Species') :: ['Rhodospirillum rubrum']

answer: @entity14681 :: (1085,Species) :: ['Rhodospirillum rubrum']


abstract: The peripheral blood, spleen, and liver lymphocyte subsets of @entity19 with experimental cheek @entity1489 were determined. The @entity189 was induced by the topical application of 2% (w/v) @entity106 ( @entity106 ) to cheek skin twice a week for 12 weeks, and it was examined macroscopically and histopathologically. The composition of lymphocyte subsets (T cells, B cells, @entity1961 + single-positive [SP] T cells, and CD8+SP T cells) in peripheral blood, spleen, and liver was determined by flow cytometry at 3-week intervals for up to 24 weeks. Spleens and livers were assessed by determining their content of natural killer (NK)T cells. The results showed histopathological progression of the @entity272 from @entity957 at week 12. Body weight was significantly reduced from weeks 15 to 24, and spleen weight was significantly increased at weeks 21 and 24, but liver weight was not significantly different from the control. The lymphocyte subset composition of peripheral blood showed significant elevation of T cells at weeks 6 and 9, followed by reduced levels at weeks 21 and 24, with significant reduction of B cells at weeks 6 and 9, followed by elevation at weeks 21 and 24. @entity1961 +SP T-cell content was elevated at weeks 6, 9, and 12, and reduced at weeks 21 and 24. CD8+SP T-cell content was significantly reduced at weeks 6, 9, and 12, and elevated at weeks 21 and 24. The composition of the lymphocyte subsets in the spleen was similar to their composition in peripheral blood. The composition of both T and B cells in the liver was significantly different from that in the corresponding control group, but no significant differences were found in either @entity1961 +SP or CD8+SP T cells. These findings revealed that the @entity106 -induced cheek @entity1489 in @entity19 affected not only the lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, but the cells in the spleen and liver as well.

title: Lymphocyte changes in peripheral blood, spleen, and liver in XXXX -induced @entity957 of @entity19 cheek skin.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma to squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity106 :: ('MESH:D015127', 'Chemical') :: ['DMBA', '9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity106 :: (MESH:D015127,Chemical) :: ['DMBA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) classically occurs after group A Streptococcus (GAS) @entity7551 in @entity1 aged over 5 years in developing countries. The present report describes the bacterial and host determinants in non-related toddlers who developed @entity4789 diagnostic criteria after @entity137 ( @entity137 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: A 13-month-old @entity1 and a 14-month-old @entity1 presented GAS @entity137 . After several weeks, multiple subcutaneous nodules as well as @entity625 or monoarthritis developed in both @entity1 , fulfilling Jones criteria of @entity4789 . The relevance of the Jones criteria for very young @entity1 is, however, debatable and their use might lead to the unnecessary prescribing of secondary prophylaxis. A molecular analysis of both bacterial and host factors was carried out in an attempt to decipher the combination that could have led to such uncommon, but very similar presentations. The two GAS isolates belonged to the usual, although distinct, invasive emm-types 1 and 3. Both isolates carried a wide set of prophage-encoded virulence factors, with only the @entity21511 and speA superantigen-encoding genes in common. Both @entity1 shared the @entity3098 *0301 allele, which has been associated with susceptibility to GAS necrotizing @entity9156 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study exemplifies the particularity of @entity4789 in young @entity1 and the complex role of superantigens and streptodornases in GAS-related pathologies.

title: Group A Streptococcus virulence and host factors in two toddlers with XXXX following @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'Rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['migratory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['rheumatic fever']


abstract: @entity1841 ( @entity1841 )-containing bone grafts are useful regenerative materials for oral and maxillofacial surgery; however, several in vitro and in vivo studies previously reported @entity5 progression-related adverse effects caused by @entity1841 . In this study, by quantifying the rhBMP-2 content released from bone grafts, the rhBMP-2 concentration that did not show @entity137 in each cell line was determined and applied to the in vitro monoculture or coculture model in the invasion assay. Our results showed that 1 ng/ml rhBMP-2, while not affecting @entity5 cell viability, significantly increased the invasion ability of the @entity5 cells cocultured with fibroblasts. Cocultured medium with rhBMP-2 also contained increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases. rhBMP-2-treated cocultured fibroblasts did not show a prominent difference in mRNA expression profile. Some cytokines, however, were detected in the conditioned medium by a human cytokine antibody array. Among them, the @entity5 invasion-related factor @entity5737 was quantified by ELISA. Interestingly, @entity5737 neutralizing antibodies significantly reduced the invasion of @entity5 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that 1 ng/ml rhBMP-2 may induce invasion of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) cells by @entity5737 release in coculture models. Therefore, we propose that a careful clinical examination before the use of rhBMP-2-containing biomaterials is indispensable for using rhBMP-2 treatment to prevent @entity5 progression.

title: @entity1841 Promotes Oral @entity957 Cell Invasion by Inducing XXXX Release.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-2', 'Bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5737 :: (6352,Gene) :: ['CCL5']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Genetic studies of @entity66 such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ) require the recruitment of @entity1 and acquisition of @entity1 data in a time- and cost-effective manner. An effective method to do so may be genetic field work (GFW) that recruits the relatives of index cases, these relatives then replying to appropriate questionnaires. This study investigated the validity of GFW data compared with @entity1 interviews by a physician who had examined those @entity1 . METHODS: 122 relatives were identified through GFW among a cohort of 35 families with @entity6 . Questionnaires with self-reported information on past medical history, cardiovascular risk factors and life style were obtained. In a second step these famiy members were interviewed and examined by a physician in an outpatient setting. RESULTS: Comparison of the two data sets of the 122 individuals yielded clear differences which favored interviews by a physician. The number of @entity1 declaring themselves as having @entity6 was significantly lower by GFW than direct examination (18 vs. 27). @entity2316 was reported by four individuals by GFW, while examination resulted in the identification of 16 cases. Body weight was also clearly too low when self-reported, so that significantly lower values were recorded for BMI in the questionnaire. @entity101 was reported by 25 vs. 54 @entity1 . The amount of cigarettes smoked was significant lower in the GFW than in physicians' examination. But the numbers recorded for @entity583 , @entity1095 and @entity64 were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: These data show that information obtained by GFW is less accurate than that collected in interview and examination by physicians. The latter are necessary to gain valid data for accurate phenotyping, while GFW is useful in the initial recruitment of relatives.

title: [Phenotyping of type 2 XXXX by "genetic field work": are data sufficient that are based only on a questionnaire?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complex diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1575 often are malnourished and wasted. If @entity5693 ( @entity5693 ) develops, restriction of dietary protein in an attempt to treat @entity75 may further promote negative @entity1568 balance. There is considerable interest in providing nutritional supplements to @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity5693 which would lead to improvement in @entity1568 balance while improving or at least not worsening @entity5693 . @entity535 supplements designed to correct the abnormal @entity535 pattern characteristically found in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity5693 are under investigation as potential therapeutic agents. The levels of the branched chain @entity1522 (BCAAs) are decreased in almost all @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity5693 . The exact mechanism for the reductions in @entity18200 concentrations is unknown. Furthermore, @entity9750 (AAA) and @entity1853 (MET) concentrations are usually increased in these @entity1 . It has been suggested that BCAAs and neutral @entity1522 compete for transport across the blood-brain barrier and that a decrease in @entity18200 concentrations promotes entrance of neutral @entity1522 into the brain. @entity9750 , MET, and their derivatives may have a role in the production of @entity5693 . These observations have increased interest in the potential therapeutic benefit of administering BCAAs to @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity5693 in order to decrease the entrance of putative toxins into the brain. Treatment trials using BCAAs alone or in solutions containing other @entity1522 in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity5693 have given conflicting results. In one trial, there appeared to be less @entity5693 induced by a @entity18200 -enriched solution when compared to equinitrogenous dietary protein. However, other controlled studies have not demonstrated any advantage to the addition of BCAAs as compared to placebo with regards to reducing mortality or improving cerebral function in @entity1 with acute @entity82 and @entity5693 . Some of the differences in study outcomes may relate to the @entity1 population evaluated; the type, amount, and duration of treatment; and whether other therapy was administered. @entity18200 supplements may also be useful in minimizing or reversing the catabolic state characteristic of @entity1 with @entity82 . A reduction of increased urinary @entity7981 excretion by infusions of BCAAs in cirrhotic @entity1 suggests an anticatabolic effect. These potential anticatabolic effects of BCAAs are most interesting and deserve further study.

title: Branched chain XXXX therapy in liver disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['portal-systemic encephalopathy', 'PSE']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity7981 :: ('CHEBI:70959', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylhistidine']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity9750 :: ('CHEBI:33856', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amino acids', 'Aromatic amino acids']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Objective. This open-label study examined the safety and efficacy of @entity1280 intramuscular with geriatric @entity1 experiencing @entity716 or @entity2146 .Design. During an inpatient stay, consenting subjects who became acutely @entity716 or @entity2146 received @entity1280 intramuscular 10mg q 6 to 8 hours, up to a maximum dose of 20mg/24 hours. A within-group repeated measures design was employed to study whether the use of @entity1280 over the 24-hour observation period contributed to decreased @entity2146 or to extrapyramidal side effects. The data were analyzed using an Analysis of Variance with trend analysis.Setting. The study was conducted on the geriatric psychiatry inpatient unit at the University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio. @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 , six @entity1 and eight @entity1 with mean age 77+/-8 years, participated in this study. Each @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity303 , co-occurring with one of the following: @entity933 , major @entity308 with @entity716 , @entity161 , @entity162 , or @entity914 .Measurements. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Delirium Rating Scale, and the Behavioral Activity Rating Scale were obtained at baseline and at 0.5, 2, and 24 hours after the first dose of @entity1280 intramuscular.Results. Overall, physiologic measures that would indicate undesirable side effects, including QTc intervals, remained unchanged pre- and post-study. However, there were significant improvements in scores on a variety of measures assessing @entity2146 or @entity716 .Conclusion. This study suggests that @entity1280 intramuscular may be a safe and effective short-term treatment for @entity2146 or @entity716 geriatric @entity1 , and, therefore, additional studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.

title: Use of intramuscular @entity1280 for the control of acute XXXX or @entity2146 in an inpatient geriatric population: an open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitated', 'agitation']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic features', 'psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity158 still afflicts most @entity5 @entity1 , mainly in the metastatic phases, and under-treatment is well documented. Transdermal delivery systems (TDS) containing @entity3575 or @entity4783 could potentiality have advantages over oral and parenteral routes, but evidence from comparative trials are scanty. In the framework of a wider initiative, an Outcome Research Study was carried out in Italy in 2006 to evaluate the effects of various analgesic options, particularly @entity4783 TDS. METHODS: This is a multicenter, open-label, prospective, nonrandomized study. Data were collected using a web-based standardized system, with a follow-up up of to 3 months. @entity158 intensity, the primary outcomes of the study, was measured using 11-point numerical rating scales from the Brief @entity158 Inventory. RESULTS: One-hundred ten centers recruited 1801 cases, most of which (60%) were receiving a strong opioid at the time of inclusion. Of these, 257 had TDS @entity4783 as first choice. Of the remaining 709 @entity1 who at the time of inclusion were not on a strong opioid, 325 changed to a strong opioid and in 43% it was TDS @entity4783 . During the follow-up, physicians had to increase the dosage to control @entity158 (average increase between 16% and 17%). About 34% of @entity1 had an improvement of at least 2 points in worst @entity158 , 15% had a 20% improvement in @entity158 relief, and 40% in satisfaction. Results were in line with those of @entity1 receiving other World Health Organization-level III opioids. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations owing to the observational design, these findings may be useful to clinicians to judge the value of the drug under evaluation better and to help researchers design further comparative studies.

title: Effects of transdermal @entity4783 on XXXX -reported outcomes in @entity5 @entity1 : results from the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In this study 34 @entity1 with @entity788 were treated postoperatively with monoclonal antibodies (MABs). The antibody @entity17458 is directed against a membrane antigen of differentiated @entity420 of the pancreas and mediates cellular cytotoxicity. The @entity1 suffered from non resectable @entity5 , mostly with lymph-node or liver metastases. The @entity1 received repeated doses of MABs over a time period from 5 to 14 days. The highest single dose was 100 mg, the highest cumulative dose 490 mg. At the moment 16 out of 34 @entity1 are eligible for evaluation of @entity5 response. There was no complete or partial remission (reduction more than 50% of @entity5 volume). However, two @entity1 responded with minor @entity5 regression up to 32 weeks documented by reduction of liver metastases and primary @entity5 in cat scan. Five additional @entity1 presented with a long period of stable disease after immunotherapy (up to 40 weeks). 9 @entity1 had progressive @entity5 disease in spite of MAB-treatment. Two to three weeks after antibody infusion most @entity1 produce human anti-murine-antibodies, so that severe @entity56 may occur, if the application is repeated.

title: [Monoclonal antibodies in the therapy of non-resectable XXXX . Initial experiences].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancers']


abstract: In order to assess the value of @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) for detecting @entity453 ( @entity453 ), 67 consecutive @entity1 (mean age +/- SD was 58 +/- 8 years, range 35 to 75; 46 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 ) with known or suspected @entity453 undergoing selective coronary angiography within the week following the DSE were studied. Two @entity1 were excluded from the study because of insufficient echocardiographic imaging. @entity452 (5 to 30 micrograms/kg/min by 5 micrograms/kg/min increments) was infused in 5-minute intervals. All the @entity1 had 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded at rest and at each stage of @entity452 infusion. There was significant @entity453 (> or = 50% diameter stenosis) in 42 @entity1 (64.6%) with 16 @entity1 having 1-vessel, 7 @entity1 having 2-vessel and 19 @entity1 having 3-vessel @entity453 . In 22 @entity1 coronary angiogram was normal. DSE was positive in 33 of 42 @entity1 with @entity453 . The test was negative in 20 of 23 @entity1 without @entity453 . Compared with coronary angiography, the overall sensitivity of DSE for detecting @entity453 was 78.6% specificity 87%, positive predictive value 91.7%, negative predictive value 69%, and accuracy 81.5%. The sensitivity in those with one-vessel, two-vessel, three-vessel and multivessel disease was 62.5%, 85.7%, 94.7%, and 92.3% respectively. DSE was well tolerated in all @entity1 . The study was not prematurely terminated due to a side effect in any @entity1 . This study indicated that DSE is a practical method for the non-invasive assessment of significant @entity453 , for determining the @entity1 who require invasive tests, and for predicting the extent of disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Diagnostic value of @entity452 stress echocardiography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Protease activated receptors (PARs) are G-protein coupled receptors that are activated by an unique proteolytic mechanism. These receptors play crucial roles in hemostasis and @entity715 but also in @entity32 and vascular development. PARs have also been implicated in @entity5 progression, invasion and @entity3 . In this study, we investigated expression and signaling of @entity8781 in nonmalignant pleural mesothelial (Met-5A) and @entity3620 ( @entity1 ) cells. We found that the expression level of @entity8781 was markedly higher in @entity1 cells compared to @entity1 and @entity1 primary mesothelial cells. Other three @entity3620 cell lines, i.e. @entity916 , Ist-Mes2, and Mero-14, did not show any significant @entity8781 over-expression compared to @entity1 cell line. Thrombin and @entity8781 activating peptides enhanced @entity1 and @entity1 cell proliferation but in @entity1 cells higher thrombin concentrations were required to obtain the same proliferation increase. Similarly, thrombin caused extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in both cell lines but @entity1 cells responded at higher agonist concentrations. We also determined that @entity8781 signaling through Gq and G12/13 proteins is severely altered in @entity1 cells compared to @entity1 cells. On the contrary, @entity8781 signaling through Gi proteins was persistently maintained in @entity1 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated a reduction of cell surface @entity8781 expression in NCI-H28 and @entity3620 @entity916 cells. Thus, our results provide evidences for dysfunctional @entity8781 signaling in @entity1 cells together with reduced plasma membrane localization. The role of @entity8781 in mesothelioma progression is just emerging and our observations can promote further investigations focused on this G-protein coupled receptor.

title: Altered @entity8781 Expression and Signaling in a XXXX Cell Line, NCI-H28, with Homozygous Deletion of the b-Catenin Gene.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 (LAPC) are most commonly managed with chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which may or may not include non-involved regional lymph nodes in the clinical target volume. We present our results of CRT for LAPC using @entity416 and delivering radiotherapy to a limited radiation field that excluded non-involved regional lymph nodes from the clinical target volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were studied. @entity1 received 50.4 Gy external beam radiotherapy in 28 fractions, delivered to a planning target volume expanded from the primary @entity5 and involved nodes only. @entity416 (500-600 mg/m2) was given twice daily continuously during radiotherapy. @entity137 and efficacy data were prospectively collected. RESULTS: @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity5 pain were the most common grade 2 @entity137 . One @entity1 developed grade 3 @entity390 . The median time to progression was 8.8 months, with 20% remaining progression free at 1 year. The median overall survival was 9.7 months with a 1 year survival of 30%. Of 21 @entity1 with imaged progression, 13 (62%) progressed systemically, three (14%) had local progression, two (10%) had locoregional progression and three (14%) progressed with both @entity262 . CONCLUSION: CRT using @entity416 and limited field radiotherapy is a well-tolerated, relatively efficacious treatment for LAPC. The low @entity137 and low regional progression rates support the use of limited field radiotherapy, allowing evaluation of this regimen with other anti- @entity5 agents.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of limited field radiotherapy with concurrent @entity416 in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['local/locoregional and systemic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']