abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular hyporeactivity plays an important role in severe @entity130 and shock. We investigated the beneficial effect of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) on @entity20736 and its relationship to vascular reactivity improvement and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1372 pentobarbital-anesthetized @entity35 were used to induce traumatic @entity548 by left femur @entity174 and @entity548 , the beneficial effects of @entity870 (1, 5, and 10  mg/kg, intravenously) on animal survival, cardiovascular function, tissue blood perfusion, and mitochondrial function of vital organs were observed. In addition, @entity519 -treated vascular smooth muscle cells from normal @entity35 were used to investigate the relationship of this beneficial effect of @entity870 to Rho-associated @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase (ROCK) and protein kinase C. RESULTS: @entity870 prolonged the survival time and increased the 24-h survival rate of traumatic @entity548 (31%, 56%, and 56% in 1, 5, and 10  mg/kg @entity870 group versus 25% in lactated Ringer solution group). Five milligrams per kilogram of @entity870 had the best effect, which stabilized and improved the hemodynamics, increased the tissue blood flow, and improved the liver and kidney function including its mitochondrial function in shock @entity35 . @entity870 had no significant influences on the production of inflammatory mediators and cardiac output after traumatic @entity548 . Further results indicated that @entity870 significantly improved the vascular constriction and dilation reactivity of superior mesenteric artery to @entity1063 and @entity934 , which was antagonized by ROCK inhibitor, @entity12223 , but not by protein kinase C inhibitor, @entity866 . Further studies showed that @entity870 restored @entity519 -induced decrease of ROCK activity and inhibited the opening of MPTP in @entity519 -treated vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity870 is beneficial for the treatment of traumatic @entity548 . The mechanism is mainly through improving the vascular reactivity, stabilizing the hemodynamics, and increasing tissue perfusion. This beneficial effect of @entity870 is related to the inhibitory effect of @entity870 on MPTP opening. ROCK is an important regulator molecule in this process.

title: Beneficial effect of XXXX on traumatic @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity20736 :: ('MESH:D012774', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic shock']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: The postischemic recovery of hypertrophied hearts was studied 24 h after total body @entity221 . To this end, anesthetized aortic-banded and sham-operated @entity35 were subjected to heat shock (AoBHS and ShamHS, respectively). @entity1283 was induced 8 wk earlier. In isolated ejecting hearts, functional recovery after 45 min of global @entity63 was poor and moderate in nonheated (control) hypertrophied (AoBC) and nonheated (control) nonhypertrophied (ShamC) hearts, respectively. @entity1457 significantly improved postischemic recovery in both AoBHS and ShamHS hearts. This improvement of functional recovery was associated with a significant reduction of the duration of @entity943 . In addition, coronary flow was significantly higher in both types of heat-shocked hearts than in the corresponding control hearts during the preischemic as well as the postischemic period. Postischemic endocardial flow, assessed using radioactive microspheres, was significantly improved in AoBHS hearts. Compared with the corresponding control hearts, the native endogenous catalase activity was not changed in AoBHS hearts but was significantly increased in ShamHS hearts. The present findings suggest that the postischemic functional improvement after total body @entity221 can be explained by increased and more homogeneous myocardial perfusion, which may also reduce the duration of @entity943 . This effect is especially beneficial for the hypertrophied heart, which is known to be extremely vulnerable to the @entity63 insult probably caused by subendocardial underperfusion.

title: @entity1457 improves @entity63 tolerance of hypertrophied XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'postischemic arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity440 is commonly used in the management of @entity1 with @entity0 because of its anti-oestrogenic effects to the breasts. However, @entity440 acts as an @entity2931 agonist on the endometrium increasing the incidence of @entity1478 , @entity1373 and @entity5 . In addition, it may be possible that @entity440 increases the occurrence of @entity5 . We describe a rare case of a large endometrial polyp with sarcomatous stromal components in a 73-year-old @entity0 @entity1 treated daily with 20 mg of @entity440 for four years. The glands of the polyp were lined by benign appearing epithelium. The polyp was twisted and protruded from a dilated cervix at the entrance of the vagina. The @entity1 was treated by removal of the polyp and dilatation and curretage. A postoperative computed tomography scan showed many focal @entity75 with a well-defined profile suggestive of @entity3 and the @entity1 was referred for combined chemotherapy. In conclusion, a case of a @entity361 arising in the uterus of a @entity0 @entity1 treated with @entity440 is reported and its clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features are discussed. Also, the international literature is reviewed.

title: Large endometrial polyp with sarcomatous stromal components following long-term @entity440 treatment for XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['uterine body tumours', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypodense lesions in the hepatic lobes']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal malignant neoplasm']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cis-AB, a rare @entity6910 variant, is the result of a mutated @entity6910 gene that produces a glycosyltransferase enzyme with dual A and B glycosyltransferase activity. It may lead to @entity6910 discrepancies and a delay in establishing the blood group. To date, there have been no reports of a de novo mutation leading to a cis-AB allele. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Sequencing of the @entity6910 gene using blood and hair follicle cells from the proposita were performed along with blood from her parents. To establish maternity and paternity, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis was also performed. The A and B enzyme activities of the novel enzyme were measured in an in vitro expression study. RESULTS: A novel cis-AB allele arising from @entity4334 substitution @entity67628 ( @entity67629 ) in the B glycosyltransferase gene were discovered in the blood and hair follicle cells from the proposita, which was absent from her parents. In all 15 autosomal STR loci analysed, the probability of maternity and paternity were 0  999999 and 0  999989, respectively. The novel enzyme created 33  1% and 60  2% of A and B antigen compared to wild type A and B glycosyltransferases. CONCLUSION: A novel mechanism leading to a cis-AB allele was discovered.

title: A novel cis-AB variant allele arising from a de novo @entity4334 substitution @entity67628 ( XXXX ) in the B glycosyltransferase gene.

answer: @entity67629 :: (p|SUB|M|266|V,ProteinMutation) :: ['p.M266V']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 who have surgery for @entity14784 receive postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, with the intent to reduce @entity166 . There is, however, no evidence that extending antibiotics beyond a single perioperative dose is advantageous. This study aimed to determine the effect of extended antibiotic prophylaxis on @entity166 in @entity1 with mild @entity14784 undergoing cholecystectomy. METHODS: For this randomized controlled non-inferiority trial, adult @entity1 with mild acute @entity2679 undergoing cholecystectomy at six major teaching hospitals in the Netherlands, between April 2012 and September 2014, were assessed for eligibility. @entity1 were randomized to either a single preoperative dose of @entity7048 (2000 mg), or antibiotic prophylaxis for 3 days after surgery (intravenous @entity2261 750 mg plus @entity868 500 mg, three times daily), in addition to the single dose. The primary endpoint was rate of @entity166 within 30 days after operation. RESULTS: In the intention-to-treat analysis, three of 77 @entity1 (4 per cent) in the extended antibiotic group and three of 73 (4 per cent) in the standard prophylaxis group developed @entity260 (absolute difference 0  2 (95 per cent c.i. -8  2 to 8  9) per cent). Based on a margin of 5 per cent, non-inferiority of standard prophylaxis compared with extended prophylaxis was not proven. Median length of hospital stay was 3 days in the extended antibiotic group and 1 day in the standard prophylaxis group. CONCLUSION: Standard single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis did not lead to an increase in @entity260 in @entity1 with mild @entity14784 undergoing cholecystectomy. Registration number: NTR3089 (www.trialregister.nl).

title: Randomized clinical trial of extended versus single-dose perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['calculous cholecystitis']


abstract: AIM AND BACKGROUND: @entity5 appearing in an @entity169 indicates @entity189 with @entity843 . A new onset @entity547 is a common clinical presentation of @entity1725 arising in an appendiceal @entity5 . Recurrence of @entity1725 within the inguinal region was previously reported in only a single @entity1 . We present five @entity1 with a recurrence of @entity5 nodules in the inguinal region following cytoreductive surgery and attempt to understand the etiology of this treatment failure. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: From a database of 910 @entity1 with mucinous @entity5 with peritoneal dissemination who had definitive treatment, five @entity1 who had disease recurrence within the inguinal region were identified. The clinical histories were studied and presented in order to make future recommendations regarding the management of these @entity1 . RESULTS: Five @entity1 with ages ranging 39 to 67 years had a @entity5 in the inguinal region as a recurrence after a previous cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. One of them had separate recurrence in both right and left inguinal regions. All these @entity1 were made disease-free by the reoperative surgery with a sacrifice of the testicle in four. None have evidence of a recurrence of an inguinal @entity547 despite the lack of formal repair. CONCLUSION: At the time of initial cytoreductive surgery the surgeon should be aware of the inguinal region as a possible site of relapse. This may be more problematic in @entity1 who have had prior surgery with mucoid fluid in a @entity547 as the presenting sign of @entity1725 . Inguinal recurrences should be removed with clear margins even if orchiectomy is required.

title: Recurrence of XXXX within the inguinal canal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei tumor', 'mucinous tumor', 'Tumor', 'appendiceal tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['widespread carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei', 'pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia sac']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: @entity1 with an @entity74 of the adherence glycoproteins @entity1454 , @entity1454 , and @entity329 ,95 are unable to mobilize polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) to peripheral sites of @entity32 . @entity1454 / @entity1454 / @entity329 ,95-deficient PMNL exhibited profoundly impaired movement stimulated by chemotactic factors when the cells were required to move over two-dimensional surfaces. Less @entity717 was demonstrated in three-dimensional movement through cellulose filters. A possible explanation for this difference in cell translational mobility is that movement in cellulose filters is less adherence dependent than movement over a two-dimensional plastic surface. Movement of PMNL in collagen gels is known to be relatively independent of adherence. No @entity6679 of PMNL from @entity1454 / @entity1454 / @entity329 ,95-deficient @entity1 was observed in collagen gels. Antibodies against the common beta subunit effectively blocked two-dimensional movement but had little effect on three-dimensional movement through cellulose filters or collagen gel matrices. HL-60 cells were employed as a model to investigate the effects of adherence on cell movement. Treatment of HL-60 cells with @entity4514 resulted in the appearance of @entity1454 and @entity329 ,95 on the cell surface. Concurrently, the cells exhibited increased adherence to glass and plastic. In spite of increased adherence, HL-60 cells showed no translational movement, indicating factors other than the ability to adhere were important in cell motility. These experiments implied that PMNLs undergo two fundamentally different kinds of motion, one adherence dependent (two-dimensional movement) and the other largely adherence independent (three-dimensional movement). These findings are consistent with the view that egress of PMNLs from the vascular space is adherence dependent. Movement through extravascular tissues may be adherence independent.

title: Two-dimensional and three-dimensional movement of XXXX polymorphonuclear leukocytes: two fundamentally different mechanisms of locomotion [corrected].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited deficiency']

entities_list: @entity6679 :: ('MESH:D014086', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of translational mobility']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of movement']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study (i) the current prevalence of @entity6750 among schoolchildren in south-western Saudi Arabia after universal salt iodization and (ii) the iodine content of table salts and water. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study on a stratified proportional allocation sample of @entity1 . Thyroid gland enlargement was assessed clinically and by ultrasound scanning. Urine, table salt and water samples were taken to measure iodine content. Settings The Aseer region, south-western Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS: Schoolchildren aged 8-10 years. RESULTS: The study included 3046 schoolchildren. The total goitre rate amounted to 24  0 %. Prevalence of enlarged thyroid by ultrasound was 22  7 %. The median urinary iodine concentration of the study sample amounted to 17  0   g/l. The iodine content of table salt ranged from 0 to 112 mg/kg; 22  5 % of the table salt samples were below the recommended iodine content (15 mg/kg) set by WHO. The total goitre rate increased significantly from 19  8 % among @entity1 using table salt with iodine content >= 15 mg/kg to reach 48  5 % among @entity1 using table salt with 0 mg iodine/kg. Analysis of water samples taken from schools showed that the majority of water samples (78  8 %) had an iodine content of 0   g/l. CONCLUSIONS: The study documented that 18 years after the national study, and after more than a decade of universal salt iodization in Saudi Arabia, the problem of @entity6750 is still endemic in the Aseer region. Efforts should focus on fostering advocacy and communication and ensuring the availability of adequately iodized salt.

title: XXXX in the Aseer region, south-western Saudi Arabia: 20 years after the national survey and universal salt iodization.

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['iodine-deficiency disorders']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity6750 :: (MESH:D003409,Disease) :: ['Iodine-deficiency disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hazardous @entity285 use in @entity146 @entity1 may increase the risk of the development of a substance use disorder and negatively affect the course of the @entity146 . AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of hazardous @entity285 and drug use in a Swedish @entity146 outpatient population with particular focus on hazardous @entity285 consumption and assess relationships of hazardous @entity285 use to sex, age and @entity146 diagnosis. METHODS: General @entity146 outpatients, n   =   1,679, completed a self-rating @entity285 Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS: Hazardous or harmful @entity285 habits occurred among 22% of all @entity1 and 30% of all @entity1 with higher prevalence among younger @entity1 . Nine percent of all @entity1 and 22 % of all @entity1 reported binge drinking. Binge drinking was more frequent in younger subjects. @entity1 with a @entity1314 diagnosis had a higher frequency of at risk drinking. Apart from that, @entity146 diagnosis was unrelated to rate of hazardous drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Hazardous @entity285 use was common in this @entity146 outpatient population. With regard to possible risks related to drinking in @entity146 @entity1 , @entity285 habits should be assessed as a part of good clinical practice.

title: Hazardous @entity285 use in general XXXX outpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is always a constant search for a new solution to tackle defects in the limbs. The technique has to be simple, easily reproducible and performed within a short duration. The answer is keystone island flap keystone flap is a simple, less time consuming, durable and easily reproducible option to reconstruct most of the @entity4218 . AIM: The aim of this article is to study the usefulness of keystone flap in reconstruction of various upper and @entity6250 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective review involves study of 20 @entity1 undergoing keystone flap reconstruction for various defects from 2012 to 2014. @entity1 demographic data, medical histories, comorbidities, surgical indications, defect characteristics and locations, hospitalization, complications and follow-up were evaluated and are presented as uncontrolled case series. RESULTS: Ages of the @entity1 were ranging from 18 to 65 y with an average of 38.75y. Among the defects, 10 were following trauma (50%), 5 were due to @entity5 resection (25%), 3 followed debridement of abscess (15%) and another 2 defects were due to surgical wound @entity6783 (10%). The largest defect covered by this flap in our study measured 45 x 18 cm and the smallest defect was 8 x4 cm. The average intra-operative time was 45.5 min (range 20-90 min). Fourteen flaps were done to cover @entity6250 (70%), 4 for @entity3140 and 2 were for @entity154 . @entity39 was observed in one case. The average duration of hospital stay of @entity1 was 3.45 d. All @entity1 were followed until they achieved stable, healed wound.The overall success rate was 95%. CONCLUSION: Keystone flap can be safely used to cover various @entity4218 with @entity158 , a sensate cover and excellent cosmetic outcome, minimizing the need for microsurgical techniques or prolonged operative time.

title: Keystone flap: versatile flap for reconstruction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['defects in the axilla']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Partial flap necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb defects']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb defects']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb defects']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['minimal pain']

answer: @entity4218 :: (MESH:D017880,Disease) :: ['limb defects']


abstract: @entity9303 is an @entity394 associated with @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) and @entity392 . @entity1 with @entity601 have an elevated prevalence of several @entity792 ( @entity309 , @entity1252 , @entity1691 and @entity1569 ), which suggests a shared autoimmune background. Functional variants of several genes involved in the NF-kB pathway, such as @entity4632 , @entity4639 , @entity2451 and @entity32280 , have been associated with two or more immune-mediated diseases and allelic variations in the @entity34617 gene may influence bilateral affectation and clinical course in @entity601 . We have genotyped 716 cases of @entity601 and 1628 controls by using the ImmunoChip, a high-density genotyping array containing 186 autoimmune loci, to explore the association of immune system related-loci with @entity601 . Although no single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reached a genome-wide significant association (p<10(-8)), we selected allelic variants in the NF-kB pathway for further analyses to evaluate the impact of these SNPs in the clinical outcome of @entity601 in our cohort. None of the selected SNPs increased susceptibility for @entity601 in @entity1 with uni or bilateral @entity1274 . However, two potential regulatory variants in the @entity2451 gene ( @entity51486 and @entity64851 ) were associated with a faster @entity393 progression in @entity1 with unilateral @entity1274 . So, individuals with @entity601 carrying the C allele in @entity51486 or G allele in @entity64851 had a shorter mean time to reach hearing stage 3 (>40 dB HL) (log-rank test, corrected p values were p=0.009 for @entity51486 and p=0.003 for @entity64851 , respectively). No variants influenced hearing in bilateral @entity601 . Our data support that the allelic variants @entity51486 and @entity64851 can modify hearing outcome in @entity1 with @entity601 and unilateral @entity1274 .

title: Intronic variants in the XXXX gene may influence hearing forecast in @entity1 with unilateral @entity1274 in @entity9303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['SNHL', 'sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'unilateral MD', 'sporadic MD']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['episodic vestibular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['NFKB1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5 Background: Hypervascular liver @entity3 , classically seen in @entity320 and other @entity5 , may be best seen on a @entity99 ( @entity99 ) CT and possibly missed on the standard portal venous phase (PVP). @entity0 sometimes produces hypervascular liver @entity3 , but the incidence of this is not well established. Hence, some centers perform biphasic liver CT ( @entity99 + PVP) as standard protocol in @entity0 @entity1 , while others do not. Our center does not include @entity99 in this @entity1 population; although, it is sometimes protocolled with @entity99 as per radiologist preference. We sought to determine if the detection for presence or absence of liver @entity3 is significantly affected by the addition of @entity99 in @entity0 . METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted using a custom search on our Picture Archiving and Communication System for all female @entity1 who received a biphasic liver CT ( @entity99 + PVP) from Mar 2013 - Mar 2015. Inclusion criteria included known @entity0 , liver @entity3 described on CT report, and follow-up imaging to confirm the finding. A total of 25 CT studies met inclusion criteria. RESULTS: 14/25 (56%) studies demonstrated typical @entity99 . 11/25 (44%) demonstrated @entity99 . Of these latter, 4/25 (16%) represented hypervascular @entity3 , while 7/25 (28%) pertained to indeterminate @entity455 called suspicious by the reporting radiologist. Further imaging including MRI, ultrasound, and follow-up CT were recommended in these indeterminate suspicious lesions, all of which confirmed benign entities. Of the 18 studies with true hepatic @entity3 , the presence of @entity3 was detectable on the PVP in 18/18 (100%, P< .0001) regardless of the @entity3 ' hypervascular status. CONCLUSIONS: We found hypervascular @entity3 to be present in 22% (4/18; CI95 [3-41%]) of @entity0 @entity1 with true liver @entity3 . However, the detection for the presence of hepatic @entity3 was not improved with the addition of @entity99 . The @entity99 instead led to detection of more indeterminate but ultimately benign entities of no clinical significance, thus resulting in unnecessary imaging and arguably greater @entity1 @entity148 .

title: Assessing the value of @entity99 CT imaging in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial-enhancing lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hypervascular hepatic lesions', 'non-hypervascular hepatic metastases', 'hepatic arterial phase', 'HAP']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study macular topography and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 during pregnancy and post partum. METHODS: A prospective study of 46 pregnant @entity1 with @entity1723 and 11 nondiabetic pregnant controls. Macular surface topography was analyzed by Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph. Volume above the reference plane (VARP) was measured with 1.0-, 1.5-, 2.0-, and 3.0-mm-diameter circles. @entity8 was measured with the Vistech 6500 Contrast Test System. RESULTS: The @entity6 @entity1 had greater VARP than the controls measured with the 1.5-mm diameter circle. In @entity6 @entity1 , the mean VARP was 0.084+/-0.064 mm(3) (mean +/- SD) in the first trimester, 0.080 +/- 0.056 mm(3) in the third trimester, and 0.087 +/- 0.067 mm(3) 3 months post partum compared with the values of 0.069+/-0.043, 0.054+/-0.024, and 0.036+/-0.020 mm(3) in the controls ( P=0.036 between groups). In @entity6 @entity1 requiring laser treatment, the difference from controls was more significant ( P<0.001). @entity8 at 3 cpd and 6.0 cpd was lower in @entity6 @entity1 than in controls throughout pregnancy and post partum ( P=0.012 and P=0.043). A statistically significant negative correlation appeared between macular topography and @entity8 during the third trimester; between @entity5320 and VARP 1.5 mm ( r=-0.471, P=0.001), and between @entity5320 and VARP 2.0 mm ( r=-0.446, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity6 @entity1 , especially in those with clear progression of @entity989 during pregnancy and post-partum, the macula seemed to be slightly more elevated than in the controls, and @entity8 was lower at mid-range spatial frequencies. @entity8 loss in the @entity6 @entity1 correlated with macular elevation during the third trimester.

title: Topographic change in the central macula coupled with XXXX loss in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'contrast sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['contrast sensitivity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the circadian rhythms of DNA synthesis and telomerase expression in @entity96 transplanted in @entity19 . METHOD: Sixteen BALB/C @entity19 were synchronized with an alternative lighting regimen with 12 h for light and 12 h for darkness (12:12 LD) for 4 weeks. @entity96 cells (SMMC-7721) were implanted into both flanks of each @entity19 . One week after transplantation, sampling from the @entity5 was conducted at 3, 9, 15 and 21 @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ). Single cell suspension was obtained and stained with @entity2667 . The cellular DNA content was measured by flow cytometry. Telomerase activity was measured by PCR-ELISA assay. Data were documented by ANOVA and Cosinor analysis. RESULT: The proportion of @entity5 cells in phase G1, S, @entity28761 activity varied according to circadian time with statistical significance, and the telomerase activity showed a synchronized variation. The distribution curves of both phase S and the expression level of telomerase were fit for Cosinor changes. CONCLUSION: DNA synthesis and telomerase expression of SMMC-7721 cells transplanted into the @entity19 varies according to the circadian rhythm. The results provide a guidance for laying down the chemotherapy protocol for @entity1 @entity5 , especially when the telomerase inhibitor was used as the anti- @entity5 agent.

title: [Circadian rhythms of DNA synthesis and telomerase expression in @entity96 transplanted in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic cancer', 'hepatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['h after light onset', 'HALO']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: According to DSM IV criteria, @entity25 are incorporated in the definition of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). These include the re-experiencing symptoms (nightmares, criteria B) and a hyperarousal state (difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, criteria D). @entity1005 @entity1 commonly complain of @entity25 . @entity25 and @entity130 -related dreams might be the primary complaint of some @entity1 . However, although subjective @entity25 are considered characteristic of @entity1005 , sleep laboratory studies have provided inconsistent evidence of objective @entity25 . A variety of @entity25 and sleep patterns has been reported in @entity1005 . However, only a few studies have controlled for comorbidities. Thus, uncertainty exists to what extent the sustained complaints of @entity25 in chronic @entity1005 are specifically related to the impact of exposure to traumatic stress, or rather are a consequence of comorbid disorders. Specific changes in REM sleep suggest a pathophysiologic role of @entity1949 in @entity1005 (e.g. @entity148 dreams, increased REM density, exaggerated @entity427 response, decreased dream recall and elevated awakening thresholds from REM sleep). However, again, studies have failed to show consistent changes in percentage of REM sleep or in REM latency. There might be a coexistence of pressure to REM along with inhibitory forces of REM that result in high variability of REM parameters across @entity1 . Alternatively, changes in REM sleep might reflect the effect of comorbid @entity146 that results in inconsistent findings between @entity1 . The current review tries to address these issues based on recent studies carried out in this field.

title: XXXX and sleep-what a nightmare!

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep abnormality']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'sleep architectures', 'sleep disturbances', 'Moreover, insomnia, restless sleep']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['Post-traumatic stress disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diminutive @entity1586 , defined as 5 mm or less, are encountered increasingly at colonoscopy. The risk of serious pathology in such @entity1127 is low. There is a risk and cost of resecting all such @entity1127 and sending tissue for  pathologic evaluation. Enhancement of endoluminal imaging may enable discrimination of neoplastic vs non-neoplastic @entity1127 . If this discrimination can be performed accurately with high confidence, it may be possible to either resect and discard diminutive @entity652 , or inspect and do-not-resect diminutive @entity1127 . In 2011, an expert group recommended thresholds of 90% negative predictive value for @entity652 , and 90% accuracy in predicting appropriate surveillance intervals. Since 2011, criteria for polyp discrimination have been published and validated by experts and nonexperts. In  vivo studies have been performed to compare endoscopic impression and pathologic diagnosis. An expert panel was convened in late 2014 to review the literature to determine if the proposed thresholds for discrimination can be attained and to recommend the next steps for introducing changes in clinical practice. We conclude that threshold levels can be achieved with several endoscopic image enhancements. The next steps to implementation of practice change include acquiring data on training and competence, determining best practices for auditing performance, understanding @entity1 education needs, and the potential cost benefit of such changes.

title: Management of Diminutive XXXX Based on Endoluminal Imaging.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyps']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['Colon Polyps']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tongue Retaining Devices (TRD) anteriorly displace the tongue with suction forces while @entity1 sleep. TRD provide a non-surgical treatment option for @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the international literature for TRD outcomes as treatment for @entity27 . METHODS: Three authors independently and systematically searched four databases (including PubMed/MEDLINE) through June 26, 2016. We followed guidelines set within the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS: Sixteen studies with 242 @entity1 met criteria. The overall means  standard deviations (M  SD) for @entity27 index (AHI) decreased from 33.6  21.1/h to 15.8  16.0/h (53% reduction). Seven studies (81 @entity1 ) reported lowest @entity26 saturation (LSAT), which improved from 79.8  17.5% to 83.9  8.6%. Four studies (93 @entity1 ) reported @entity25 scale (ESS), which decreased from 10.8  4.8 to 8.2  4.5, p <0.0001. Four studies (31 @entity1 ) reported @entity26 Desaturation Index (ODI) which decreased from 29.6  32.1 to 12.9  8.7, a 56.4% reduction. CONCLUSION: Current international literature demonstrates that tongue retaining devices reduce @entity27 index by 53%, increase lowest @entity26 saturation by 4.1 @entity26 saturation points, decrease @entity26 desaturation index by 56% and decrease @entity25 scale scores by 2.8 points. Tongue retaining devices provide a statistically effective alternative treatment option for @entity27 .

title: Tongue retaining devices for XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA', 'Obstructive Sleep Apnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Epworth sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the FACED score has demonstrated a great prognostic capacity in @entity4595 , it does not include the number or severity of exacerbations as a separate variable, which is important in the natural history of these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: Construction and external validation of a new index, the E-FACED, to evaluate the predictive capacity of exacerbations and mortality. METHODS: The new score was constructed on the basis of the complete cohort for the construction of the original FACED score, while the external validation was undertaken with six cohorts from three countries (Brazil, Argentina, and Chile). The main outcome was the number of annual exacerbations/hospitalizations, with all-cause and respiratory-related @entity204 as the secondary outcomes. A statistical evaluation comprised the relative weight and ideal cut-off point for the number or severity of the exacerbations and was incorporated into the FACED score (E-FACED). The results obtained after the application of FACED and E-FACED were compared in both the cohorts. RESULTS: A total of 1,470 @entity1 with @entity4595 (819 from the construction cohorts and 651 from the external validation cohorts) were followed up for 5 years after diagnosis. The best cut-off point was at least two exacerbations in the previous year (two additional points), meaning that the E-FACED has nine points of growing severity. E-FACED presented an excellent prognostic capacity for exacerbations (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.82 for at least two exacerbations in 1 year and 0.87 for at least one hospitalization in 1 year) that was statistically better than that of the FACED score (0.72 and 0.78, P<0.05, respectively). The predictive capacities for all-cause and respiratory mortality were 0.87 and 0.86, respectively, with both being similar to those of the FACED. CONCLUSION: E-FACED score significantly increases the FACED capacity to predict future yearly exacerbations while maintaining the score's simplicity and prognostic capacity for @entity204 .

title: Predicting high risk of exacerbations in XXXX : the E-FACED score.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) which has no cross-resistance with chemotherapy, has given responses in @entity5 resistant to chemotherapy, and shown to be more effective when @entity5 burden is low. 13-cis @entity1968 (RA) has immunomodulatory properties, potentially synergistic with @entity1199 . The objective of this pilot phase II study was to verify the immunomodulatory properties, activity and @entity137 of outpatient immunotherapy with subcutaneous low dose @entity1199 and oral RA, identified in a previous phase-I study, in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 in whom a response or stable disease as a result of standard chemotherapy had been achieved. Eighty @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 after standard chemotherapy, were treated with @entity1199 : 1.8 x 106 IU and RA: 0.5 mg/kg for 5 days/week for 2 consecutive cycles of 3 weeks, with a 1-week rest, for up to 1 year. A total of 511 courses of @entity2902 therapy were administered (median 6.4 per @entity1 ). Tumor markers, T4/T8 ratio and NK were monitored every 2 months. Response evaluation was carried out every 4 months. After a median follow-up time of 31 months there was a statistically significant improvement in the number of total lymphocytes, T4/T8 ratio and NK after @entity1199 and RA therapy. Responses and disease stabilization were maintained for a median time of 19.3 months. Six @entity1 were converted from partial to complete response, while 5 @entity1 progressed. Median survival time was not reached yet. Grade 2 cutaneous @entity137 and fever were observed in 29 and 13% of @entity1 , respectively. These preliminary data show that after chemotherapy the administration of low-dose subcutaneous @entity1199 and oral RA is feasible and has low @entity137 . A sustained increase in the immunological parameters known to be prognostically relevant was observed and a clear benefit on @entity5 response from immunotherapy was obtained in 7.5% of @entity1 .

title: @entity1199 and 13-cis XXXX in the treatment of minimal residual disease: a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: @entity11 is a rare benign neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis occurring in the third ventricle/ /suprasellar region. Recently, data have emerged suggesting that @entity11 is a variant of @entity424 related to a specialised ependyma of the subcommisural organ or the lamina terminalis area. In this study, we report clinicopathological and ultrastructural findings in two @entity11 cases. In case 1, a @entity5 (1.5 cm in diameter) in a 62-year-old @entity1 invaded the anterior-basal part of the third ventricle in the lamina terminalis region. In case 2, a large @entity5 in a 51-year-old @entity1 occupied the whole third ventricle. The @entity5 attached to the medio-basal hypothalamic region. Histologically, both cases revealed a distinct @entity3580 -like pattern and glial immunophenotype of @entity5 cells. Under the electron microscope the @entity5 cells exhibited microvilli, intercellular lumina, intermediate type junctions and focal basal lamina formations. These findings were similar to those previously reported in the @entity11 cases. Moreover, the intracytoplasmic cilia and subplasmalemmal pinocytic vesicles or caveoles were observed. The study supports the view of ependymal derivation of @entity11 . Its relation to lamina terminalis or infundibular/median eminence area presumably reflecting @entity5 origin from the modified ependyma of circumventricular organs of the third ventricle is discussed.

title: Clinicopathological and ultrastructural study in two cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['chordoid glioma', 'Chordoid glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['chordoid glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased arterial stiffness has been shown to be a good predictor of @entity65 and mortality and to be associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between adolescent blood pressure and @entity2333 in 524 healthy young adults aged 27-30 years, as a means of investigating early determinants of arterial stiffness. SETTING: General community. @entity1 : We studied 524 healthy young adults, aged 27-30 years, who attended secondary school in Utrecht, The Netherlands. MEASUREMENTS: Data on adolescent weight, height, blood pressure and stage of puberty were available from the original school health records of the Municipal Health Service. At young adulthood, a questionnaire on cardiovascular risk factors was completed and a fasting blood sample was drawn. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Arterial stiffness, assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ). RESULTS: Adolescent blood pressure did not predict aortic @entity122 at young adulthood (linear regression coefficient 0.03 m/s per 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure; 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.14). Repeated analysis in a subgroup (n = 199) for whom two adolescent blood pressure measurements were averaged showed stronger (2-19x) associations with adult @entity122 , although these were not significant. CONCLUSION: Adolescent blood pressure did not predict arterial stiffness in healthy young adults. Measurement error in the baseline blood readings (regression to the mean phenomenon) may partly explain the lack of association in our study. Further studies should confirm our results in order to enable better understanding of the role of adolescent blood pressure in the aetiology of @entity1504 .

title: Adolescent blood pressure does not predict XXXX in healthy young adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults (ARYA) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic stiffness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ultrasound elastography is envisioned as an optional modality to augment standard ultrasound B-mode imaging and is a promising technique to aid in detecting uterine masses which cause abnormal uterine bleeding in both pre- and post-menopausal @entity1 . In order to determine the effectiveness of strain imaging, mechanical testing to establish the elastic contrast between normal uterine tissue and stiffer masses such as @entity2909 ( @entity2909 ) and between softer pathologies such as uterine @entity5 and @entity1870 has to be performed. In this paper, we evaluate the stiffness of normal uterine tissue, @entity2909 , and @entity1204 using a EnduraTEC ElectroForce (ELF) system. We quantify the viscoelastic characteristics of uterine tissue and associated pathologies globally by using two mechanical testing approaches, namely a dynamic and a quasi-static (ramp testing) approach. For dynamic testing, 21 samples obtained from 18 @entity1 were tested. The testing frequencies were set to 1, 10, 20, and 30Hz. We also report on stiffness variations with pre-compression from 1% to 6% for testing at 2%, 3%, and 4% strain amplitude. Our results show that @entity1 uterine tissue stiffness is both dependent on percent pre-compression and testing frequencies. For ramp testing, 20 samples obtained from 14 @entity1 were used. A constant strain rate of 0.1% was applied and comparable results to dynamic testing were obtained. The mean modulus contrast at 2% amplitude between normal uterine tissue (the background) and @entity2909 was 2.29 and 2.17, and between the background and @entity5 was 0.47 and 0.39 for dynamic and ramp testing, respectively.

title: Dynamic and quasi-static mechanical testing for characterization of the viscoelastic properties of XXXX uterine tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'fibroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is the most common @entity96 in the worldwide. @entity4020 has been used in clinics as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat @entity157 . Inspite of the therapeutic effects, @entity4020 caused much side effects due to its short half-life and high dose. Here, we aim to detect the anti- @entity5 effect of a novel gene delivery system - @entity4020 b gene-modified @entity1 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in @entity157 . MAIN METHODS: Two @entity157 cell lines, HepG2 and @entity5959 were used in the current study. The secretion of @entity4020 in the BMSC cultured conditioned media (CM) was measured by ELISA. The cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. The Xenografted @entity9719 / @entity915 @entity19 @entity5 model was generated by subcutaneous inoculation with HepG2 cells. KEY FINDINGS: We found that the @entity4020 2b-modified BMSC (BMSC/ @entity4020 ) could express @entity4020 stably. The CM from BMSC/ @entity4020 inhibited the proliferation of @entity157 cells with a much lower growth rate compared with BMSC/vector-CM or DMEM culture group. We further demonstrated that the population of G2/M phase was higher in BMSC/ @entity4020 -CM treated cells than the other two groups. In addition, BMSC/ @entity4020 could significantly inhibit @entity5 growth in @entity9719 / @entity915 @entity19 . Moreover, we found that BMSC/ @entity4020 -CM could significantly decrease the mRNA and protein levels of Notch signaling molecules of @entity157 in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrated that @entity4020 could significantly inhibit @entity157 cell growth through negatively regulating the Notch signaling, which suggested that @entity4020 2b-modified BMSC may be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for @entity157 .

title: Interferon-a2b gene-modified XXXX bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit @entity157 by reducing the Notch1 levels.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatomas', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: MOTIVATION: The success or failure of an @entity302 surgery depends greatly on the localization of @entity302 focus (origin of a @entity410 ). We address the problem of identification of a @entity410 origin through an analysis of ictal electroencephalogram (EEG), which is proven to be an effective standard in @entity302 focus localization. SUMMARY: With a goal of developing an automated and robust way of visual analysis of large amounts of EEG data, we propose a novel approach based on multiway models to study @entity410 . Our contributions are 3-fold. First, we construct an @entity302 Tensor with three modes, i.e. time samples, scales and electrodes, through wavelet analysis of multi-channel ictal EEG. Second, we demonstrate that multiway analysis techniques, in particular parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), provide promising results in modeling the complex structure of an @entity302 @entity410 , localizing a @entity410 origin and extracting artifacts. Third, we introduce an approach for removing artifacts using multilinear subspace analysis and discuss its merits and drawbacks. RESULTS: Ictal EEG analysis of 10 @entity410 from 7 @entity1 are included in this study. Our results for 8 @entity410 match with clinical observations in terms of @entity410 origin and extracted artifacts. On the other hand, for 2 of the @entity410 , @entity410 localization is not achieved using an initial trial of PARAFAC modeling. In these cases, first, we apply an artifact removal method and subsequently apply the PARAFAC model on the @entity302 tensor from which potential artifacts have been removed. This method successfully identifies the @entity410 origin in both cases.

title: Multiway analysis of XXXX tensors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'epilepsy seizure structure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Unilateral @entity393 causes difficulty hearing in noise (the "cocktail party effect") due to absence of redundancy, head-shadow, and binaural squelch. This study explores the emergence of the head-shadow and binaural squelch effects in @entity1 with unilateral congenital aural @entity1146 undergoing surgery to correct their hearing deficit. Adding @entity1 and data from a similar study previously published, we also evaluate covariates such as the age of the @entity1 , surgical outcome, and complexity of the task that might predict the extent of binaural benefit-- @entity1 ' ability to "use" their new ear--when understanding speech in noise. METHODS: @entity1 with unilateral congenital aural @entity1146 were tested for their ability to understand speech in noise before and again 1 month after surgery to repair their @entity1146 . In a sound-attenuating booth @entity1 faced a speaker that produced speech signals with noise 90 degrees to the side of the normal (non-atretic) ear and again to the side of the atretic ear. The Hearing in Noise Test ( @entity5387 for adults or @entity5387 -C for @entity1 ) was used to estimate the @entity1 ' speech reception thresholds. The speech-in-noise test (SPIN) or the Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI) Test was used in the previous study. RESULTS: There was consistent improvement, averaging 5dB regardless of age, in the ability to take advantage of head-shadow in understanding speech with noise to the side of the non-atretic (normal) ear. There was, in contrast, a strong negative linear effect of age (r(2)=.78, selecting @entity1 over 8 years) in the emergence of binaural squelch to understand speech with noise to the side of the atretic ear. In @entity1 over 8 years, this trend replicated over different studies and different tests. @entity1 less than 8 years, however, showed less improvement in the @entity5387 -C than in the PSI after surgery with noise toward their atretic ear (effect size=3). No binaural result was correlated with degree of hearing improvement after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: All @entity1 are able to take advantage of a favorable signal-to-noise ratio in their newly opened ear; that is with noise toward the side of the normal ear (but this physical, bilateral, head-shadow effect need not involve true central binaural processing). With noise toward the atretic ear, the emergence of binaural squelch replicates between two studies for all but the youngest @entity1 . Approximately 2dB of @entity1017 is lost for each decade that surgery is delayed, and zero (or poorer) binaural benefit is predicted after 38 years of age. Older adults do more poorly, possibly secondary to their long period of auditory deprivation. At the youngest ages, however, binaural results are different in open- and closed-set speech tests; the more complex hearing tasks may involve a greater cognitive load. Other @entity73 (late evoked potentials, grey matter in auditory cortex, and multitasking) show similar effects of age, peaking at the same late-teen/young-adult period. Longer follow-up is likely critical for the understanding of these data. Getting a new ear may be--like multitasking--challenging for the youngest and oldest subjects.

title: Understanding speech in noise after correction of congenital unilateral aural XXXX : effects of age in the emergence of binaural squelch but not in use of head-shadow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive abilities']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['binaural gain']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: This retrospective study is aimed to evaluate the long-term outcome of arthrocentesis for the treatment of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) internal derangements, and to document the impact of @entity1 , time and symptom-related factors on the outcome of the procedure. Thirty-four @entity1 (48 joints) who underwent @entity1348 arthrocentesis were included in this study. The scores for preoperative @entity2133 , and VAS scores for @entity158 and dysfunction were compared with the follow-up scores obtained by the questionnaire and clinical examination. Several factors that may affect the long-term outcome of arthrocentesis are further evaluated. Statistical evaluation of the baseline and follow-up data was made by linear regression analysis and paired t-test. The mean follow-up period was 22 months. There was a significant (P< 0.001) increase in the @entity2133 ( @entity2133 ) postoperatively that held during the longer term follow-up period. The @entity158 and dysfunction levels at the follow-up were significantly (P< 0.001) lower than the preoperative values. Twenty-six per cent of @entity1 were @entity158 free and also showed a total relief in dysfunction at the follow-up. Although both preoperative and follow-up @entity158 scores were higher in @entity1 with @entity8599 , there was not a significant difference in the outcome when compared with non-bruxers. However, there was a greater reduction in dysfunction with improvement in @entity2133 in non-bruxers. The duration of symptoms before arthrocentesis has not been found to affect the outcome. Also, there were no significant differences between the results of follow-up when comparing the shorter follow-up time results (<20 months) and longer term results. Arthrocentesis for the treatment of @entity1348 internal derangements offers favourable long-term stable results with regard to increasing @entity2133 , and @entity2531 .

title: Five-year retrospective evaluation of XXXX arthrocentesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['maximal mouth opening', 'MMO']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['reducing pain and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: A 74-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with advanced @entity356 (cStage III B). Laparotomy showed N2 lymph node @entity3 and pancreatic invasion. Radical resection appeared impossible and was thus not performed. Chemotherapy consisting of a combination of @entity11730 (80mg/m 2, 2-week administration and 1-week rest), and @entity1205 (40mg/m2day 1)was administered with the expectation of @entity5 downstaging. A partial response(PR)was obtained after five courses of this regimen in which the @entity75 and lymph node swelling remarkably improved. Total gastrectomy, splenectomy, partial colectomy, and D2 lymph node dissection were then performed. Pathological analysis revealed very few @entity5 cells in the @entity75 and that the lymph nodes had become scarred and fibrotic. The histological appearance was judged to be grade 2 and the final diagnosis was T1N0H0P0CY0M0, fStage I A, curability A. Currently, more than 6 years and 4 months after the operation, the @entity1 is alive without any evidence of recurrence. Thus, @entity1205 / @entity11730 combination therapy was an effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy for this case of advanced @entity356 .

title: [A case of @entity356 with N2 lymph node @entity3 and pancreatic invasion effectively treated with docetax-el/ XXXX as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity11730 :: (5707,Gene) :: ['S-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Steady-state bone marrow (SS-BM) and granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor-primed BM/peripheral blood stem-cell (G-BM/G-PBSC) are the main stem-cell sources used in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Here, we evaluated the treatment effects of SS-BM and G-BM/G-PBSC in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling transplantation. METHODS: A total of 226 @entity1 ( @entity3052 -complete remission 1, @entity1860 -chronic phase 1) received SS-BM, G-BM, or G-PBSC from an HLA-identical sibling. Clinical outcomes ( @entity2132 [ @entity2132 ], overall survival, transplant-related mortality [TRM], and @entity1778 -free survival [LFS]) were analyzed. RESULTS: When compared to SS-BM, G-BM gave faster recovery time to neutrophil or platelet (P < 0.05). Incidence of grade III-IV acute @entity2132 and extensive @entity102 ( @entity2132 ) was lower than seen with SS-BM (P < 0.05) and similar to G-PBSC. Although the incidence of @entity2132 in the G-BM group was similar to SS-BM, both were lower than G-PBSC (P < 0.05). G-BM and G-PBSC exhibited similar survival, LFS, and TRM, but were significantly different from SS-BM (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in @entity1778 relapse rates among the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1261 -primed bone marrow shared the advantages of G-PBSC and SS-BM. We conclude that G-BM is an excellent stem-cell source that may be preferable to G-PBSC or SS-BM in @entity1 receiving HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

title: @entity1261 -primed bone marrow: an excellent stem-cell source for transplantation in XXXX and @entity1860 .

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic GVHD']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'cGVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelocytic leukemia']


abstract: @entity1003 and fibrinolytic activity was studied in SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature)-stressed animals found to exhibit @entity882 and prolonged bleeding time, and drug effects on the abnormalities were evaluated. 1) SART-stressed @entity35 revealed prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin and thrombin time, no change in prothrombin time, decreased plasma fibrinogen levels, and shortened euglobulin clot lysis time (ELT). @entity18529 and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor activity remained constant following stress exposure. 2) During stress, fibrinogen levels declined from day 5 and remained @entity308 up to day 14. Reduction in ELT developed in a similar manner to fibrinogen. 3) Decreased fibrinogen levels were prevented by consecutive doses of @entity927 , an antifibrinolytic, and Neurotropin, a sedative analgesic. Shortened ELT was counteracted by chronic treatment with @entity55967 and @entity1401 , an anxiolytic. Single administrations of the above agents failed to affect either change. These results indicate that SART-stressed animals exhibit suppressed @entity3459 and enhanced fibrinolytic activity, but normal extrinsic coagulability. Considering the previous report together with the above results, the hemostatic system under SART stress tends uniformly toward @entity548 . Moreover, Neurotropin appears to improve and normalize hemostatic imbalance due to SART stress, a chronic form of stress.

title: XXXX and fibrinolysis in SART-stressed (repeated cold-stressed) @entity35 and drug effects on the altered hemostatic parameters.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['Blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic coagulability']

entities_list: @entity55967 :: ('MESH:C010491', 'Chemical') :: ['Neurotropin']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['Blood coagulation']


abstract: One of the most devastating consequences of early @entity75 is the @entity73 that results in a noticeable deficit while manipulating small objects. One purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent to which a deficit in the coordination of fingertip forces when grasping and lifting an object between the thumb and index finger could account for the @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity1158 ( @entity1158 ). A second objective was to examine whether, in these @entity1 , deficits in skilled hand movements are correlated with the importance of structural damage to the corticospinal tract. The scaling and coordination of fingertip forces during precision grip was investigated in 16 @entity1158 @entity1 (aged 8-19 years) and 16 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Proprioception, stereognosis, pressure sensitivity and motor upper limb function (including digital and manual dexterity) were also assessed quantitatively. The structural damage of the corticospinal tract was estimated by measuring the cross-sectional area of cerebral peduncles with MRI and by calculating an index of symmetry between the two peduncles. In @entity1158 @entity1 , a large number of parameters measured during the grip-lift task were significantly different when compared with those found in control subjects. Among those, the duration of the preloading and loading phases was significantly longer in @entity1158 @entity1 . In addition, both the dissimilarity and time-shift between the profiles of the grip and load force rates, quantified with the cross-correlation method, were also significantly larger in @entity1158 @entity1 ; the time-shift was strongly correlated with @entity73 . These findings suggest that @entity717 in @entity1158 @entity1 may specifically result from their inability to ensure a precise synergy between fingertip forces while manipulating an object. Finally, the finding that the time-shift also correlated with the corticospinal tract @entity16490 , as estimated with the cerebral peduncle asymmetry, argues in favour of a critical role of the corticospinal system in the temporal coordination between different muscles involved in dextrous hand movements. Both digital and manual dexterity were also altered in the non-paretic hand of @entity1158 @entity1 . This deficit may reveal the contribution of the lesioned hemisphere to the control of ipsilateral skilled finger movements.

title: Correlation between XXXX and corticospinal tract @entity16490 in @entity1158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['CH', 'congenital hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['corticospinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired dexterity']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impaired dextrous finger movements']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impaired dexterity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Silent @entity385 are the most common @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity3458 and are associated with the recurrence of an @entity1188 ( @entity64 or silent @entity385 ). We tested the hypothesis that the incidence of the recurrence of an @entity1188 would be lower among @entity1 who underwent regular blood-transfusion therapy than among those who received standard care. METHODS: In this randomized, single-blind clinical trial, we randomly assigned @entity1 with @entity3458 to receive regular blood transfusions (transfusion group) or standard care (observation group). @entity1 were between 5 and 15 years of age, with no history of @entity64 and with one or more silent @entity385 on magnetic resonance imaging and a neurologic examination showing no abnormalities corresponding to these lesions. The primary end point was the recurrence of an @entity1188 , defined as a @entity64 or a new or enlarged silent @entity385 . RESULTS: A total of 196 @entity1 (mean age, 10 years) were randomly assigned to the observation or transfusion group and were followed for a median of 3 years. In the transfusion group, 6 of 99 @entity1 (6%) had an end-point event (1 had a @entity64 , and 5 had new or enlarged silent @entity385 ). In the observation group, 14 of 97 @entity1 (14%) had an end-point event (7 had @entity64 , and 7 had new or enlarged silent @entity385 ). The incidence of the primary end point in the transfusion and observation groups was 2.0 and 4.8 events, respectively, per 100 years at risk, corresponding to an incidence rate ratio of 0.41 (95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.99; P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Regular blood-transfusion therapy significantly reduced the incidence of the recurrence of @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity3458 . (Funded by the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 and others; Silent @entity385 Multi-Center Clinical Trial ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00072761, and Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN52713285.).

title: Controlled trial of transfusions for silent XXXX in @entity3458 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury', 'Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarct', 'Cerebral Infarct', 'cerebral infarcts']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarcts']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2806 -induced progression of brain, liver, and erythrocyte oxidative injuries might be modulated by @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug. The present study was conducted to explore whether two different doses of @entity9170 protect against plasma cytokine and brain, liver and erythrocyte oxidative @entity137 and apoptosis in @entity2806 -induced @entity35 . Forty-two @entity35 were equally divided into 7 groups. The first and second groups were used as untreated and sham controls, respectively. The third (DEX4) and fourth (DEX40) groups received 4mg/kg and 40mg/kg @entity9170 treatments. The fifth, sixth and seventh group were operated on to induce @entity2806 . The fifth, sixth and seventh groups are used to represent @entity2806 , @entity2806 +DEX4, and @entity2806 +DEX40, respectively. @entity9170 was intraperitoneally given to the @entity9170 groups at the 3rd, 24th and 48th hour. Brain and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation ( @entity1865 ) levels and plasma @entity3426 and @entity1505 levels were high in the @entity2806 group although they were low in the DEX4 and DEX40 groups. Decreased @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity6172 -Px) and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) values in the brain and erythrocyte of the @entity2806 group were increased by the @entity9170 treatments, although PARP, and the @entity18629 expressions in the brain were further decreased. Conversely, the @entity2806 -induced decrease in the liver @entity904 , @entity270 , @entity6172 , and @entity6172 -Px were further decreased by the @entity9170 treatments, although @entity1865 level, PARP, and @entity18629 expressions were further increased by the @entity9170 treatments. In conclusion, @entity9170 induced protective effects against @entity2806 -induced brain and erythrocyte oxidative injuries through regulation of the antioxidant level and cytokine production. However, both doses of @entity9170 induced oxidative @entity137 and apoptotic effects in the @entity35 ' livers.

title: Different doses of @entity6948 reduce plasma cytokine production, brain oxidative injury, PARP and caspase expression levels but increase liver oxidative @entity137 in @entity2806 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'Cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Connetics Corporation (USA) is developing a foam formulation of 2% @entity3102 [Extina] for the treatment of mycoses and dermatological indications, particularly @entity1909 . The product utilises Connetics' proprietary foam drug delivery technology, VersaFoam, and is currently awaiting registration in the US for the treatment of @entity1909 . @entity3102 is a common antifungal used for the treatment of broad-spectrum mycoses, including Candida spp. @entity3102 binds to fungal @entity12325 enzymes and inhibits cells from producing @entity12364 , the main component of the cell wall. In late 2001, the initiation of clinical trials was delayed after Connetics decided to reformulate the foam to eliminate a particular ingredient derived from @entity291 . In its 2001 Annual Report, Connetics stated that although the ingredient is acceptable in US products, the company felt that it was prudent to reformulate the product before beginning clinical trials. Connetics has already completed a pilot study comparing Extina with Nizoral in 50 @entity1 with @entity1909 . The trial, while not sized for efficacy, did show strong efficacy trends in favour of Extina. This outcome was anticipated based on the advantages seen in skin permeation studies, which demonstrated that Extina penetrated the skin twice as effectively as Nizoral cream. The skin permeation studies were conducted by Connetics' Center for Skin Biology. Complete results from the skin permeation and pilot efficacy studies were to be submitted for publication in the second half of 2002. Results were also presented in March 2003 at the 61st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD-2003). In July 2002, Connetics estimated the US market for topical antifungals to be worth approximately  US700 million annually.

title: @entity3102 foam--connetics: connetics XXXX foam.

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['seborrhoeic dermatitis']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the in vitro activity of antibiotics, including @entity10999 , @entity7407 , @entity8912 and @entity23381 which are all still unavailable in India, against Gram-negative clinical isolates. METHODS: We prospectively collected and tested all consecutive isolates of @entity526 , @entity4005 spp., @entity796 and Acinetobacter spp. from blood, urine and sputum samples between March and November 2012. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 16 antibiotics was determined by the broth micro-dilution method. RESULTS: Overall 925 isolates were included; 211 @entity526 , 207 @entity4005 spp., 153 @entity796 , and 354 Acinetobacter spp. The MIC50 and MIC90 were high for @entity7407 , @entity23381 and @entity10999 for all pathogens but interpretative criteria were not available. The MIC50 was categorized as susceptible for a couple of antibiotics, including @entity3400 / @entity7120 , carbapenems and @entity4509 , for @entity526 , @entity4005 spp. and @entity796 . However, for Acinetobacter spp., the MIC50 was categorized as susceptible only for @entity3273 . On the other hand, @entity8912 was the only antibiotic that inhibited 90% of @entity526 and @entity4005 spp. isolates, while 90% of @entity796 isolates were inhibited only by @entity3273 . Finally, 90% of Acinetobacter spp. isolates were not inhibited by any antibiotic tested. CONCLUSION: @entity8912 and @entity3273 might be promising antibiotics for the treatment of infections due to @entity526 or @entity4005 spp. and @entity796 , respectively, in India; however, clinical trials should first corroborate the in vitro findings. The activity of @entity9001 should be evaluated, as this is commonly used as last-resort option for the treatment of @entity19650 .

title: Determination of MIC distribution of XXXX , @entity7407 , @entity8912 , @entity23381 and other antibiotics against gram-negative clinical isolates in South India: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['Fosfomycin', 'fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity7407 :: ('MESH:C046079', 'Chemical') :: ['cefminox']

entities_list: @entity10999 :: ('MESH:C031986', 'Chemical') :: ['arbekacin']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity19650 :: ('MESH:D000151', 'Disease') :: ['multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections']

answer: @entity10999 :: (MESH:C031986,Chemical) :: ['arbekacin']


abstract: Existing studies indicate a high prevalence rate and poor management of @entity5 in the elderly. @entity158 is often considered an expected concomitant of aging, and older @entity1 are considered more sensitive to opioids. Despite the well known pharmacokinetic changes in the elderly, the complex network of factors involved in the opioid response make the evaluation of a single element, such as age, more difficult. Notwithstanding such difficulties, appropriate analgesic treatment is able to control @entity5 in the elderly in most cases. Skills necessary to optimise @entity158 control in older @entity5 @entity1 include the ability to objectively assess functional age (not necessarily related to chronological age since the rate of decline is variable), understand the impact of coexisting conditions, carefully manage the numbers and types of drugs taken at the same time and adequately communicate with @entity1 and relatives. The most common treatment of @entity5 consists of the use of regularly given oral analgesics. The elderly are at increased risk of developing @entity137 from NSAIDs, and the overall safety of these drugs in frail elderly @entity1 should be considered. When older @entity1 have clear contraindications to NSAIDs, manifest signs of @entity137 from these agents, or find that @entity158 is no longer controlled with this class of drugs, opioids should be started. A variety of opioids are available, and they differ widely with respect to analgesic potency and adverse effects among the elderly. Although the aged population requires lower doses of opioids, only careful titration based on individual response can ensure the appropriate response to clinical demand. Elderly @entity1 are potentially more likely to be affected by @entity137 because of the physiological changes associated with aging. Nevertheless, appropriate dosage and administration may limit these risks. @entity5 @entity1 with @entity158 who do not respond to increasing doses of opioids because they develop adverse effects before achieving acceptable analgesia may be switched to alternative opioids. Despite the favourable effects reported with opioid switching, monitoring is crucial, particularly in the elderly or @entity1 who are switched from high doses of opioids. Adjuvant analgesics, including antidepressants, antiepileptics, @entity288 and @entity171 may help in the treatment of certain types of @entity1118 . With an appropriate and careful approach, it should be possible to reduce or eliminate unrelieved @entity5 in most elderly @entity1 and, consequently, to enhance their quality of life. Older @entity1 with @entity5 should be continuously assessed for @entity5 , both before and after analgesic treatment.

title: Pharmacological management of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'opioid toxicity']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: The expression of @entity1996 participates strongly in @entity1127 formation of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 )-mutated @entity19 . However, the mechanism of growth inhibition by @entity1996 inhibition remains unclear. The aims of this study were to assess the role of @entity1996 during the process of @entity1127 formation in @entity1412 ( @entity64718 ) knockout @entity19 . Starting at 4 weeks of age, the treated group (T group) were given a diet containing @entity43089 , a selective @entity1996 inhibitor, and the control group (C group) were given a control diet. At 12 weeks of age, @entity19 were killed and @entity1127 located in a proximal 10 cm of the small intestine were classified into two morphological stages: large @entity652 (>300 microm in diameter) which lacked normal villous structure, and small @entity652 (</=300 microm) covered with normal villous epithelia. In both classes, after counting the incidence, @entity652 were examined for vascularity, expression of @entity1996 and @entity1611 protein, labeling @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ) and apoptosis with the @entity23929 -mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling method, including expression of @entity1379 and @entity26667 . @entity43089 significantly reduced the incidence of large @entity652 , but not of small @entity652 . Although it did not affect the proliferating potential of @entity652 , the apoptosis index increased significantly in the T group accompanied by a reduction in @entity26667 expression in both small and large @entity652 . In the C group, macrophages with both @entity1996 and @entity1611 expression were observed in the submucosa of large @entity652 , where some large vessels were also observed. @entity43089 inhibited the @entity1611 expression of these macrophages, resulting in a @entity455 . In conclusion, macrophages with @entity1996 and @entity1611 expression in the submucosal layer are responsible for angiogenesis in large @entity652 , and a selective @entity1996 inhibitor reduced the growth of @entity652 mainly by its inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.

title: The role of @entity1996 ( XXXX ) in two different morphological stages of intestinal polyps in @entity1412 ( @entity64718 ) knockout @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in vascular area']

entities_list: @entity4698 :: ('18538(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC']

answer: @entity1996 :: (19225(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 2006 avian @entity683 (AI) outbreak resulted in mass removal of @entity1573 in Lower Egypt, which decreased the household supply of poultry. Poultry, a key animal-source food, contains nutrients critical for @entity1 growth. This paper examines determinants of stunting between 2006 and 2008 in @entity1 6 to 59  months of age within the context of the AI outbreak. METHODS: The 2005 and 2008 nationally representative Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) were used to analyse anthropometric data from 7,794 @entity1 in 2005 and 6,091 @entity1 in 2008. @entity1 , 6-59 months of age, with length for age Z-score   <   -2  S.D. were categorized as stunted. Predictors of stunting were examined by bivariate and multivariable analyses, focusing on Lower Egypt, where a rise in stunting occurred, and Upper Egypt, where stunting declined. RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2008, Upper Egypt experienced a significant decline in stunting (28.8 to 21.8%, P   <   0.001). Lower Egypt experienced a significant rise in stunting (16.6 to 31.5%, P   <   0.001), coinciding with the 2006 AI outbreak. In Lower Egypt (2008), households owning poultry were 41.7% less likely to have a stunted @entity1 [aOR 0.58; 95% CI (0.42, 0.81) P   =   0.002], and 12-47 month old @entity1 were 2.12-2.34 times [95% CI (1.39 - 3.63) P    <=   0.001] more likely to be stunted than 6-11 month old @entity1 . Older @entity1 were likely affected by AI, as these @entity1 were either in-utero or toddlers in 2006. In Upper Egypt, stunting peaked at 12-23 months [aOR 2.62, 95% CI (1.73-3.96), P   <   0.001], with lowered risk (22-32%) of stunting in 24-47 month old @entity1 [aOR1.65, 95% 1.07-2.53, P   =   0.022, 24-35 month old] and [aOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.01-2.43, P   =   0.043 36-47 months old]. A two-fold increase in @entity1 consumption of sugary foods between 2005 and 2008 was found in Lower Egypt (24.5% versus 52.7%; P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased dietary diversity, reduced poultry consumption, substitution of nutritious foods with sugary foods paralleled a reduction in household raising of birds, following the AI outbreak in Lower Egypt and not Upper Egypt. Increased feeding of sugary foods due to fear of illness or greater penetration of these foods may be related to stunting. Advice on @entity1 and young @entity1 feeding is needed to improve dietary intake and reduce sugary food consumption.

title: The rise in stunting in relation to avian XXXX and food consumption patterns in Lower Egypt in comparison to Upper Egypt: results from 2005 and 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Low temperature regulates gene expression in bacteria, @entity375 , and animals as well as in plants. However, the signal transduction cascades mediating the low temperature responses are not well understood in any organism. To identify components in low temperature signaling genetically, we isolated @entity958 mutants in which cold-responsive genes are no longer induced by low temperatures. One of these mutations, @entity67196 -1, specifically blocks low temperature-induced transcription of cold-responsive genes. Surprisingly, cold-induced expression of the early response transcriptional activators, C-repeat/dehydration responsive element binding factors (CBF/DREB1s), is enhanced by the @entity67196 -1 mutation. The @entity67196 -1 mutation also reduces the capacity of plants to develop freezing tolerance but does not impair the vernalization response. Genetic analysis indicated that @entity67196 -1 is a recessive mutation in a single nuclear gene. The @entity67196 gene encodes a translation elongation factor 2-like protein. Protein labeling studies show that new protein synthesis is blocked in @entity67196 -1 mutant plants specifically in the cold. These results reveal a critical role of new protein synthesis in the proper transduction of low temperature signals. Our results also suggest that cold-induced transcription of CBF/DREB1s is feedback inhibited by their gene products or by products of their downstream target genes.

title: An XXXX mutation in translation elongation factor 2 causes superinduction of CBF/DREB1 transcription factor genes but blocks the induction of their downstream targets under low temperatures.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 has been rising rapidly in the USA. The rate is higher among those at a lower socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic minority groups. In Alabama, nearly half of the @entity1 from rural African American families are overweight or @entity28 . Studies suggest that @entity1 's eating behaviours and weight could be influenced by surrounding food environments. The purpose of this paper is to assess the community food environment and examine the associations with @entity28 in Alabama's Black Belt region. METHODS: This research uses both qualitative and quantitative methods. Weight status of 613 African American students in four elementary schools in a rural county of Alabama was assessed. We examined community food environments around @entity1 's home through GIS (Geographic Information System) and statistical methods. The interrelations between @entity1 's weight and community food environments are explored with multi-level models. RESULTS: Approximately 42.1% of surveyed @entity1 were overweight or @entity28 , much higher than the national average, 30.6%. In Model 1, convenience stores (3.44; P < 0.01), full service restaurants (8.99; P < 0.01) and supermarkets (-37.69; P < 0.01) were significantly associated with the percentile of body mass index. Fast food stores (-0.93; P = 0.88) were not related to @entity1 's weight. In Model 2, the additions of sociodemographic factors and school effects cause significant changes of the relationships between @entity1 's weight and four types of food outlets. The percentage of African American population (90.23, P < 0.01) and school (6.68, P < 0.01) were positively associated with @entity1 's weight; while median household income (-39.6; P < 0.01) was negatively related to it. CONCLUSION: @entity1 's weight is influenced by community food environments, sociodemographic factors and school context. Findings suggest that policymakers and planners need to improve community food environments of low-income minority communities. Parents and schools should pay more attention to reduce the negative impacts of food environments on @entity1 .

title: XXXX and community food environments in Alabama's Black Belt region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'Childhood obesity', 'obese']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Childhood obesity']


abstract: Bacteria tolerant to high pesticide concentration could be used for designing an efficient treatment technology. Bacterial strains T14 was isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil in mineral salt medium (MSM) and identified as Psychrobacter alimentarius T14 using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Bench scale bioreactor was evaluated for biotreatment of high @entity10687 (CP) concentration using P. alimentarius T14. Effect of various parameters on bioreactor performance was examined and optimum removal was observed at optical density (OD600   nm): 0.8; pH: 7.2; CP concentration: 300   mg   L(-1) and hydraulic retention time: 48   h. At optimum conditions, 70.3/79% of CP/chemical @entity26 demand (COD) removal was achieved in batch bioreactors. In addition, P. alimentarius T14 achieved 95/91, 62.3/75, 69.8/64% CP/COD removal efficiency with addition of CS (co-substrates), CS1 ( @entity375 extract   +   synthetic wastewater), @entity40424 ( @entity413   +   synthetic wastewater) and CS3 ( @entity375 extract), respectively. Addition of CS1 to bioreactor could accelerate CP removal rate up to many cycles with considerable efficiency. However, accumulation of @entity67339 affects reactor performance in cyclic mode. First-order rate constant k1 0.062   h(-1) and t1/2 11.1   h demonstrates fast degradation. Change in concentration of total @entity3878 and @entity1568 could be the result of complete mineralization. Photodegradation of CP in commercial product was more than its pure form. Commercial formulation accelerated photodegradation process; however no effect on biodegradation process was observed. After bio-photodegradation, negligible @entity137 for seeds of @entity3505 was observed. Study suggests an efficient treatment of wastewater containing CP and its metabolites in batch bioreactors could be achieved using P. alimentarius.

title: Biotreatment of XXXX in a bench scale bioreactor using Psychrobacter alimentarius T14.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity67339 :: ('MESH:C012587', 'Chemical') :: ['3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol']

entities_list: @entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['Triticum aestivum']

entities_list: @entity10687 :: ('MESH:D004390', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpyrifos']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity10687 :: (MESH:D004390,Chemical) :: ['chlorpyrifos']


abstract: @entity179 ( @entity129 ) rupture is characterized histologically by degenerating extracellular matrix (ECM) and chondroid metaplasia. Here, we describe the progression of chondroid metaplasia and the changes in the expression of ECM components in @entity235 @entity397 ( @entity397 ). CCLs from 26 stifle joints with @entity397 ( @entity397 group) and normal CCLs from 12 young beagles (control group) were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for expression of type I (COLI), type II (COLII), type III collagen (COLIII) and @entity58917 ( @entity58917 ). Cell density and morphology of CCLs were quantified using @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. The percentage of round cells was higher in the @entity397 group than in controls. COLI-positive areas were seen extensively in the connecting fibers, but weakly represented in the cytoplasm of normal CCLs. In the @entity397 group, there were fewer COLI-positive areas, but many COLI-positive cells. The percentages of COLII-, COLIII- and @entity58917 -positive cells were higher in the @entity397 group than in controls. The number of spindle cells with perinuclear halo was high in the @entity397 group, and most of these cells were @entity58917 -positive. Deposition of COLI, the main ECM component of ligaments, decreased with increased COLIII expression in degenerated @entity129 tissue, which shows that the deposition of the ECM is changed in @entity397 . On the contrary, expression of @entity58917 increased, which may contribute to the synthesis of cartilage matrix. The expression of COLII and @entity58917 in ligamentocytes showed that these cells tend to differentiate into chondrocytes.

title: Degenerative changes of the @entity129 harvested from XXXX with @entity129 rupture.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['CCLR', 'CCL rupture']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative cranial cruciate ligament']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']