abstract: @entity263 ( @entity263 ) is the most common form of @entity5 affecting @entity1 , despite recent advances in PCa treatments, one third of @entity1 diagnosed each year succumb to this disease. The inflammatory response has been implicated in @entity263 progression. The pro-inflammatory transcription factor, NFkB/ @entity9135 has been implicated in PCa progression. Few studies have examined the involvement of NFkB and inflammatory signalling in PCa.Immunohistochemistry was employed to investigate the expression of NFkB/ @entity9135 , @entity1851 and Ki67 in 61 clinical samples. @entity5 expressing high levels of @entity9135 (p=0.004), CRP (p=0.011) and Ki67 (p=0.0003) had a shorter disease specific survival. Upon combining @entity9135 and CRP status it was observed that those @entity5 with low expression of both proteins had a median survival of 11 years compared to 3.9 years for those with @entity5 with high expression of both (p=0.005). CRP expression was significantly higher in the 21 @entity1 who died of their disease and on multivariate analysis CRP expression retained independent significance (p=0.005). This study suggests CRP and NFkB may function collectively to drive @entity263 progression in a subset of @entity1 . Tumoral CRP is a significant independent predictor of @entity5 specific survival. The relationship between @entity5 CRP and signalling pathways warrants further investigation in a larger cohort.

title: Tumoral @entity1851 and nuclear factor kappa-B expression are associated with clinical outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Pca', 'Prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A 58 year old @entity1 had been suffering from intractable left ophthalmic post herpetic @entity9 (PHN) for 7 years. He has also been treated for @entity573 nodosa for 10 years. For @entity158 relief, he was treated initially with frequent (4 times a day) stellate @entity616 (SGB) and peripheral @entity616 for a month without relief. Then supraorbital nerve block with neurolytics, TENS and acupuncture were done with a slight relief of his @entity158 . Recently his @entity158 became worse even with @entity2645 75 mg and @entity2049 100 mg a day which relieved effectively the @entity1 from the @entity158 for the last 3 years. The @entity158 was so severe to disturb his usual daily activity. Gasserian @entity616 with @entity8745 10 mg was done. After the block, his ADL improved markedly. Three months after the block, he had no spontaneous @entity158 and @entity158 with light touch on the injured skin did not annoy him. Several days before the block, electric stimulation to control his @entity158 was tested. Stimulation with the electricity (4.5 mA, 10 cycle and 400 microseconds) brought him complete relief from the @entity158 during the stimulation. Trigeminal SEP showed no response to the stimulation of injured skin.

title: [Relief of intractable XXXX with @entity616 using @entity8745 and with TENS].

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'slight pain']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl prednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion block', 'ophthalmic nerve block']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['post-herpetic neuralgia']


abstract: Epidemiologic, histologic and immunohistochemical data concerning male (penile) and female (cervical and vulvar/vaginal) @entity189 in a Hindu population are reported. The data are from Bali, an Indonesian Hindu island in a country with a predominantly Muslim population. In contrast to the surrounding Muslim population, circumcision is rare in the @entity1 of Bali, and the rate of phimosis in grown @entity1 is very high. The Balinese epidemiologic data of 1985 to 1986 were compared with 1986 data from The Netherlands. In @entity2622 was the most frequent @entity189 in @entity1 , and @entity189 ranked seven. These @entity189 were much less frequent in The Netherlands. In Balinese @entity1 , @entity17539 is the second most frequent @entity189 , whereas it is rarely diagnosed in The Netherlands. @entity17539 are found in Bali in younger age groups than in The Netherlands. Based on the immunohistochemical staining results, it is estimated that over 75% of the studied Balinese @entity189 contain @entity1082 ). The data presented in this paper may indicate that the cofactor of impeded postcoital hygiene can be of great importance for male and female HPV-associated genital @entity105 . It is clear that Balinese @entity1 , in particular @entity1 with extreme phimosis, are both vectors and victims of HPV. In The Netherlands the @entity1 is exclusively the vector of HPV.

title: XXXX )-associated male and female genital carcinomas in a Hindu population. The male as vector and victim.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'man', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['Bali, cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar/vaginal carcinoma', 'genital carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma', 'Penile carcinomas']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: Scaling and root planing (SRP) may not always be effective in preventing @entity2520 ( @entity1726 ) progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to SRP on induced @entity1726 in @entity35 , analyzing histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and immunoenzymatic parameters. Ligatures were placed around the first mandibular molars and second maxillary molars of 60 @entity35 to induce @entity1726 . After 14  days, they were removed and the animals were divided into six groups, with nine animals each: G1   =   no treatment, G2   =   SRP, G3   =   light-emitting diode (LED), G4   =   SRP + aPDT, G5   =   aPDT, and G6   =   @entity13679 . The animals were euthanized after 3, 7, and 15  days. There were also two control groups (n   =   3): @entity1726 ( @entity1726 ) induction and with maximum @entity1726 ( @entity1726 +). In the histomorphometrical analysis of linear @entity604 , G4 showed a statistically significant difference from the other experimental groups after 3 and 15  days. The @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell counting was significantly lower in G4 when compared to G2 and @entity1726 + after 3  days. Immunoenzymatic assay shows the values of the ratio ( @entity9248 / @entity9249   *   100). The lowest value is from the @entity1726 group, and the group that received the SRP + aPDT treatment tended to approach this value over time. After 3  days, statistically significant differences were observed between G4 and all other experimental groups, as well as versus @entity1726 + (one-way ANOVA + Tukey's post hoc test were performed, p   <   0.05). It was concluded that the adjunctive use of aPDT in combination with SRP showed the best therapeutic results in the treatment of @entity2520 in @entity35 .

title: Adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in induced XXXX . Animal study with histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and cytokine evaluation.

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity13679 :: ('MESH:D004923', 'Chemical') :: ['erythrosine']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the correlation between @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) and anterior scleral thickness (ST) in @entity1 of @entity725 ( @entity725 ), normal tension @entity726 (NTG), and @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity2790 , @entity725 , NTG, and normal individuals were recruited. @entity2840 was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry, whereas ST was measured using ultrasonic biomicroscopy at the temporal quadrant, 2 mm posterior to the scleral spur. Investigators were masked to the diagnosis and @entity2840 / ultrasonic biomicroscopy data. Correlation between mean @entity2840 and ST was analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-four subjects (31 with @entity2790 , 31 with @entity725 , 31 with NTG, and 31 normal individuals) were enrolled. The @entity2840 ( @entity2790 548.06+/-30.45 microm; @entity725 519.39+/-42.95 microm; NTG 505.81+/-27.23 microm; controls 529.90+/-43.40 microm) was found to be thicker in @entity1 with @entity2790 than @entity725 (P=0.004) or NTG (P<0.01). There was also a difference in @entity2840 between NTG and control eyes (P=0.012). The ST ( @entity2790 755.03+/-69.58 microm; @entity725 738.45+/-66.83 microm; NTG 708.74+/-71.58 microm; controls 724.45+/-73.27 microm) was thicker in the @entity2790 group than in NTG @entity1 (P=0.012). No significant difference in ST was found among other groups. Among subgroups, the correlation between @entity2840 and ST was found only among the @entity1 with NTG (r=0.440, P=0.013). However, no correlation was seen between @entity2840 and ST in @entity1 with @entity2790 , @entity725 , and controls. CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between @entity2840 and ST among the NTG group but no correlation was seen among @entity2790 , @entity725 , and controls.

title: Correlation between corneal and scleral thickness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['OHT', 'ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: In 1991 Delaitre and Maignien described the first laparoscopic splenectomy, since when a rapid spread of this technique has been observed and the procedure has become the gold standard in the surgical management of benign and malignant @entity66 . In the present study, the results of the first 30 laparoscopic splenectomies performed at the Division of General Surgery of the S. Eugenio Hospital of Rome are reported. The operations were performed in @entity1 with benign (27 cases) and malignant (3 cases) @entity66 , treated in the Regional Haematological Centre of the same hospital. The procedures were carried out according to criteria corresponding to those recently described in the guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery. As regards the results, two procedures (6.7%) were converted to open surgery. @entity86 was observed, requiring a laparoscopic reoperation for haemostasis. No other major @entity532 were observed. Mortality was nil. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.2 days (range: 4-8 days). Medium-term surgical and haematological results were excellent. Laparoscopic splenectomy is the surgical gold standard, but should be performed in advanced centres in close cooperation with a haematology centre. The procedure is indicated in all @entity1 who are candidates for splenectomy, with the sole exception of those affected by portal @entity101 or with general contraindications to laparoscopy. In advanced centres, better early and late results can be achieved, in addition to the well-known benefits of the minimally invasive technique, particularly in aesthetic terms, which in younger @entity1 affected by benign haematological pathologies are very important.

title: [Laparoscopic splenectomy in XXXX : short- and medium-term results in thirty initial cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['haematological diseases']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['local or general complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['One postoperative haemorrhage']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['haematological diseases']


abstract: We reviewed detailed clinical features of 266 @entity1 with @entity3520 , commonly called spasmodic torticollis. Mean age at onset (41 years), female-to-male ratio (1.9:1), clustering of onset between ages 30 and 59 (70%), familial history of @entity3519 (12%), and remissions (9.8%) were similar to those found in previous studies. In contrast to the single prior large clinical study of this disorder, no predominance of right-handers or significant @entity1374 was found. @entity158 , which occurred in 75% of @entity1 and contributed to disability score (p less than 0.01), distinguishes this syndrome from all other @entity3520 . @entity158 was also strongly associated with constant (vs. intermittent) head turning, severity of head turning, and presence of @entity2473 . Eighty-three percent of @entity1 had deviation of the head of greater than 75% of the time when sitting with the head unsupported (constant head deviation at rest). Of the 97% who had head turning, 81% also had head tilting in various combinations. The 23% with hand @entity400 had an older age at onset (mean, 46 vs. 41 years; p less than 0.05). An earlier age at onset (p less than 0.05) was seen in @entity1 with a family history of @entity3519 (mean, 36 years), with @entity130 shortly preceding symptoms (mean, 36 years), with a change in the direction of head turning (mean, 30 years), and with remissions (mean, 33 years). Jerky movements or forced transient @entity2473 of the head occurred in 62% of the @entity1 , and these @entity1 would be the ones for whom the designation "spasmodic torticollis" could logically apply.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : clinical characteristics.

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonias', 'idiopathic cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity3520 :: (MESH:D020821,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic cervical dystonia']


abstract: This study describes 44 cases of @entity226 (41 of whome had been established by arterial biopsy). Special attention has been payed to the type and the significance of initial symptoms. The majority of the @entity1 were from 65-80 years, the youngest 55 years old. The frequency was slightly higher in the male than in the female. All the @entity1 except for two suffered from @entity158 in the area of the head or the face. @entity2788 had been found in 62% of the cases, commonly represented by @entity735 , @entity227 , papillar @entity4 and eventually by occlusion of the retineal artery. The sedimentation rate of red blood cells showed acceleration between 32 and 130 mm after 1 hour. In the average a laps of time of one month was noted between the appearance of the first subjective symptoms and the moment when diagnosis was made. The administration of 60-80 mg @entity229 daily was followed by a decrease in the clinical signs within a few days to 3 weeks. It is important that therapy be started with a high dosis of @entity229 and that it should be reduced to smaller doses given during several years.

title: [Neurologic aspects of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['cranial arteritis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['blindness of one eye']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular disorders']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['cranial arteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) has included the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation in up to 20% of @entity1 with high-risk disease despite known cognitive risks of this treatment modality. METHODS: @entity1 enrolled on the St Jude @entity981 Total Therapy Study XV, which omitted prophylactic cranial irradiation in all @entity1 , were assessed 120 weeks after completion of consolidation therapy (n = 243) using a comprehensive @entity73 .   (2) analysis was used to compare the percentage of below-average performers among the entire @entity981 @entity1 group to the expected rate based on the normative sample. Univariate logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of intensity of chemotherapy (treatment arm), age at diagnosis, and sex on the probability of below-average performance. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Overall, the @entity981 group had a statistically significantly higher risk for below-average performance on a measure of sustained attention (67.31% more than 1 SD below the normative mean for omission errors, P < .001) but not on measures of intellectual functioning, academic skills, or memory. @entity1 given higher intensity chemotherapy were at greater risk for below-average performance compared with those given lower intensity therapy on measures of processing speed (27.14% vs 6.25%, P = .009) and academic abilities (Math Reasoning: 18.60% vs 3.90%, P = .008; Word Reading: 20.00% vs 2.60%, P = .007; Spelling: 27.91% vs 3.90%, P = .001) and had higher parent-reported @entity2915 (23.00% vs 9.84%, P = .018) and @entity4207 (35.00% vs 16.39%, P = .005). Neither age at diagnosis nor sex was associated with risk for below-average cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS: Omitting cranial irradiation may help preserve global cognitive abilities, but treatment with chemotherapy alone is not without risks. Caregiver education and development of interventions should address both early @entity71 and @entity73 .

title: Cognitive outcomes following contemporary treatment without cranial irradiation for childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive late effects', 'cognitive battery']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficits']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning problems']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: AIMS: Obstructive symptoms such as slow stream, dribbling and straining are often reported by @entity2336 and @entity2335 (PBS/ @entity2337 ) @entity1 . Our hypothesis was that some @entity1 with PBS/ @entity2337 have an associated measurable @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ) secondary to @entity409 and that those @entity1 with more severe PBS/ @entity2337 are more likely to have @entity1876 . METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of female @entity1 diagnosed with PBS/ @entity2337 based on the NIDDK research definition. Charts were reviewed for clinical symptom severity, @entity1066 or non- @entity1066 / @entity2337 on cystoscopy, and pressure-flow urodynamics (UDPF). @entity1 were excluded if they had a @entity293 at the time of urodynamics or did not meet study entry requirements. The cut-off values of <or=12 ml/sec and >or=25 cm of water was used to define @entity1876 . RESULTS: Of the 231 @entity1 : 38 had @entity1066 / @entity2337 and 193 had non- @entity1066 / @entity2337 . MCC was 269 ml in non- @entity1066 / @entity2337 and 200 ml in @entity1066 / @entity2337 (P = 0.006). One hundred eleven @entity1 (48%) met criteria for obstruction. MCC was 298 ml in the non-obstructed group and 214 ml in the obstructed group (P < 0.0001). The maximum flow with non- @entity1066 / @entity2337 was 11.0 ml/sec and in @entity1066 / @entity2337 8.9 ml/sec (P = 0.04) Detrusor pressure at maximum flow was 33.3 cm @entity2507 , in non- @entity1066 , and 37.4 cm @entity2507 in @entity1066 / @entity2337 (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Forty-eight percent of our PBS/ @entity2337 @entity1 have @entity1876 , and increasing severity of PBS/ @entity2337 is associated with higher voiding pressure.

title: @entity1876 in XXXX / @entity2335 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer PBS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunctional voiding']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['painful bladder syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction', 'BOO']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

answer: @entity2336 :: (MESH:D018856,Disease) :: ['painful bladder syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed thrombolysis adversely impacts functional outcome after @entity64 . Therefore, great efforts are undertaken to reduce delay in @entity1 presentation and initiate treatment as quickly as possible. However, little is known regarding the impact of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) on outcome in @entity1 who are ineligible for acute @entity64 therapy. Thus, we sought to determine whether the @entity1054 is associated with the 90-day outcome irrespective of eligibility for acute recanalization therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 258 consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 evaluated between January 2013 and February 2014. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether a greater @entity1054 is independently associated with a poor 90-day outcome defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 3-6. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analyses, the @entity1054 was inversely correlated with transfer from an acute facility (r   =   -.126, P   =   .043), @entity64 etiology (r   =   -.146, P   =   .019), and acute recanalization therapy (r   =   .-412, P   <   .001). Conversely, a longer @entity1054 was correlated with a worse 90-day mRS score (r   =   .127, P   =   .045). After adjustment, the @entity1054 (P   =   .019), age (P   <   .001), female sex (P   =   .001), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (P   <   .001), preadmission mRS score (P   =   .001), @entity955 (P   <   .001), and @entity1188 volume (P   <   .001) were independently associated with a poor 90-day outcome. Importantly, a longer @entity1054 (odds ratio 1.016, 95% confidence interval 1.001-1.032, P   =   .036) remained independently associated with the 90-day outcome when we restricted the analyses to @entity1 ineligible for acute intravenous and endovascular recanalization therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Each hour delay in the @entity1054 decreased chances for good outcome by approximately 2% independent of @entity1 eligibility for acute recanalization therapies.

title: Time to Presentation Is Associated with Clinical Outcome in @entity64 XXXX Deemed Ineligible for Recanalization Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to presentation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) to provide additional @entity26 for @entity1 with @entity5924 , compared to standard low-flow therapy. The cost-effectiveness was evaluated by decision analyses, using decision tree modeling, and was based on real costs from our recently published retrospective case-control study. The data on the effectiveness of HFNC treatment were collected from earlier published retrospective studies, using admission rates to pediatric intensive care units (PICU). The analyses in the study showed that the expected treatment costs of each episode of @entity1 @entity5924 varied between    1,312-2,644 ( 1,786-3,600) in the HFNC group and    1,598-3,764 ( 2,175-5,125) in the standard treatment group. The PICU admission rates and consequential costs were lower for HFNC than for standard treatment. HFNC treatment proved more cost-effective than standard treatment in all the baseline analyses and was also more cost-effective in the sensitivity analyses, except for in the worst-case scenario analysis. In conclusion, our modeling demonstrated that HFNC was strongly cost-effective for @entity1 @entity5924 , compared to standard treatment because it was both more effective and less expensive. Thus, if @entity1 hospitalized for @entity5924 need @entity26 , it should be delivered as HFNC treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1393-1402.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: High-flow @entity26 therapy is more cost-effective for XXXX than standard treatment-A decision-tree analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: The @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is associated with substantial impairment and @entity146 comorbidities. Thus, an optimized treatment is essential. In 2011, a new multidisciplinary treatment strategy (so-called Versorgungsvertrag) was contracted for the model region of Bremerhaven, Germany. This manuscript describes the results of the feasibility testing, focusing on the effects of the Versorgungsvertrag on @entity1 ' @entity71 symptoms and on the treatment satisfaction of @entity1 ' kins. Material and Methods: @entity1 with @entity71 (4-17 years) were assessed at baseline and at 9 months follow-up. Kins documented the current symptomatology using the FBB-ADHS questionnaire on both occasions, and rated their satisfaction with the Versorgungsvertrag at follow-up. The FBB-ADHS gives information on the severity of the @entity71 core symptoms (0=normal, 3=very noticeable). Results: 69 @entity1 (77 kins) were included. At follow-up, data from 59 @entity1 (67 kins) were available. FBB-ADHS data of both occasions was available for 44 @entity1 . Improvements regarding the @entity71 total score (1.27 at follow-up vs. 1.59 at baseline, p=0.003) and the subdomains inattention (1.42 vs. 1.81, p=0.001) and @entity2915 (0.96 vs. 1.22, p=0.032) were documented. In the subgroup of @entity1 (n=34), inattention (p=0.001), impulsivity (p=0.019) and the @entity71 total score (p=0.002) improved, while no changes were observed in the subgroup of @entity1 (n=10). The majority of kins (52.4 to 68.4%) rated the treatment as helpful. Discussion: Our study shows improvements for the @entity71 core symptoms after 9 months and a high satisfaction of kins with the treatment strategy. Due to the lack of a control group from routine care, no certain statement about the additional benefit of the treatment strategy can be made. The null effect in the subgroup of @entity1 might be explained by the underrepresentation of @entity1 , but the gender distribution observed in our study is commonly observed in @entity1 with @entity71 . Conclusion: The positive effects during the observation period should be confirmed in further studies including a control group from routine care.

title: [Optimizing @entity71 Treatment? Results of a Pilotstudy of the XXXX Selective Contract in Bremerhaven, Germany].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity130 @entity1 often suffer from persisting @entity158 even years after injury, and data on long-term @entity158 management is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of persisting @entity158 and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) among @entity130 victims 2 years after injury. Furthermore, the frequency of @entity158 specialist consultation and the quality of outpatient @entity158 management, including phamacological management, was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed prospectively collected data on severely injured adult @entity1 treated between 2008-2011 at the Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC)/Germany.    Data included the 'Polytrauma Outcome Profile' and a standardized questionnaire on  outpatient @entity158 management. Exclusion criteria were @entity204 , inability to answer the questionnaire due to @entity73 and lack of language knowledge. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: 207/391 (53   %) data sets were available for analysis, presenting a typical @entity130 collective with injury severity of ISS  19, predominantly male and a mean age of 44  years. 2 years after @entity130 59   % still reported that they suffered from severe persisting @entity158 ; 53   % of these @entity1 were under pharmacological @entity158 medication. Only 1/5 of the @entity1 with severe persisting @entity158 was treated by a @entity158 specialist. Successful treatment options do exist; improvement of treatment is required.

title: [Pain assessment of severely injured XXXX 2 years after @entity130 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disabilities']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The extraction of proteins from @entity7050 /PLA microspheres by a two-immiscible liquid phases system with the addition of surfactants was investigated. METHODS: First, the extraction without surfactants and the interaction between proteins ( @entity35449 ) and empty microspheres ( @entity7050 or PLA) was studied. Next, proteins stability in presence of different surfactants was evaluated by: (1) @entity8281 protein assay, (2) reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography, and (3) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, proteins were extracted with PBS/ @entity1044 including selected surfactants and characterized by the above mentioned techniques, biological activity tests, @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Without surfactants, protein recovery was only 27-43% for @entity4020 and 58-73% for @entity4179 . Protein content in solutions incubated with blank microspheres decreased to 66% for @entity4020 and 86% for @entity4179 . It was only possible to quantify the @entity4179 and @entity4020 in the same manner as in PBS alone when the surfactant added was @entity12185 and @entity214 , respectively. Addition of these surfactants allowed the complete isolation of both biomolecules from the microspheres. The extraction procedure did not affect the encapsulated proteins. CONCLUSION: Proteins can be quantitatively extracted, without changes, from @entity7050 /PLA microspheres using PBS/ @entity1044 system that include an appropriate surfactant.

title: Extraction of XXXX -microencapsulated proteins using a two-immiscible liquid phases system containing surfactants.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity8281 :: ('MESH:C047117', 'Chemical') :: ['bicinchoninic acid']

answer: @entity7050 :: (MESH:C043435,Chemical) :: ['PLGA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To use data from a randomized trial to determine the cost-effectiveness of a collaborative care (CC) @entity308 and @entity148 treatment program and to assess effects of the CC program on health care utilization. METHODS: The CC intervention's impact on health-related quality of life, @entity308 ( @entity308 ), and @entity148 ( @entity148 ) over the 24-week postdischarge period was calculated and compared with the enhanced usual care (EUC) condition using independent samples t tests and random-effects regression models. Costs for both the CC and EUC conditions were calculated on the basis of staff time, overhead expenses, and treatment materials. Using this information, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. A cost-effectiveness acceptability plot was created using nonparametric bootstrapping with 10,000 replications, and the likelihood of the CC intervention's cost-effectiveness was assessed using standard cutoffs. As a secondary analysis, we determined whether the CC intervention led to reductions in postdischarge health care utilization and costs. RESULTS: The CC intervention was more costly than the EUC intervention ( 209.86 vs.  34.59; z = -11.71; P < 0.001), but was associated with significantly greater increases in quality-adjusted life-years (t = -2.49; P = 0.01) and @entity308 (t = -2.13; P = 0.03), but not @entity148 (t = -1.92; P = 0.057). This translated into an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of  3337.06 per quality-adjusted life-year saved,  13.36 per DFD, and  13.74 per AFD. Compared with the EUC intervention, the CC intervention was also associated with fewer emergency department visits but no differences in overall costs. CONCLUSIONS: This CC intervention was associated with clinically relevant improvements, was cost-effective, and was associated with fewer emergency department visits in the 24 weeks after discharge.

title: Cost-Effectiveness of a Collaborative Care Depression and XXXX Treatment Program in Patients with Acute Cardiac Illness.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['DFDs', 'depression', 'depression-free days']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'AFDs', 'anxiety-free days']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: PURPOSE: From February 2001 to February 2002, 946 @entity1 with advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) treated with @entity2213 were included in a controlled EORTC/ISG/AGITG (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Group/Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group) trial. This analysis investigates whether the response classification assessed by RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 ), predicts for @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Per protocol, the first three disease assessments were done at 2, 4, and 6 months. For the purpose of the analysis (landmark method), disease response was subclassified in six categories: partial response (PR; > 30% size reduction), minor response (MR; 10% to 30% reduction), no change (NC) as either NC- (0% to 10% reduction) or NC+ (0% to 20% size increase), @entity74 ( @entity74 ; > 20% increase/new lesions), and subjective @entity74 (clinical progression). RESULTS: A total of 906 @entity1 had measurable disease at entry. At all measurement time points, complete response (CR), PR, and MR resulted in similar @entity1054 and @entity1349 ; this was also true for NC- and NC+, and for @entity74 and subjective @entity74 . @entity1 were subsequently classified as responders (CR/PR/MR), NC (NC+/NC-), or @entity74 . This three-class response categorization was found to be highly predictive of further progression or survival for the first two measurement points. After 6 months of @entity2213 , responders (CR/PR/MR) had the same survival prognosis as @entity1 classified as NC. CONCLUSION: RECIST perfectly enables early discrimination between @entity1 who benefited long term from @entity2213 and those who did not. After 6 months of @entity2213 , if the @entity1 is not experiencing @entity74 , the pattern of radiologic response by @entity5 size criteria has no prognostic value for further outcome. @entity2213 needs to be continued as long as there is no progression according to RECIST.

title: Absence of progression as assessed by response evaluation criteria in @entity5 predicts survival in advanced @entity5 treated with XXXX : the intergroup EORTC-ISG-AGITG phase III trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'GI stromal tumors', 'Solid Tumors', 'GISTs', 'Cancer/Italian Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib mesylate']


abstract: A small subset of @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) harbors mutations in the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) that predict unique sensitivity to @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The characteristics and behavior of brain metastases (BMs) in these @entity1 have not been well described. The longitudinal records of all @entity1149 @entity1 who underwent @entity470 mutation screening at our center from August 2004 to November 2008 were reviewed for eligibility, and 93 @entity1 were identified who developed BM during the course of their disease. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Multivariable predictors were assessed via the Cox proportional hazards model. Among the 93 @entity1 with BM, 41 (44%) had mutations in @entity470 , including 13 exon 19 deletions and 12 @entity9512 mutations. Eighty-three percent of @entity1 with BM were treated initially with whole brain radiation, either alone (53%) or in combination with craniotomy for neurosurgical resection (22%) or stereotactic radiosurgery (8%). Median survival from the time of BM was 11.7 months and was longer for @entity1 with an @entity470 mutation (14.5 vs 7.6 months, P = .09). On multivariable analysis, @entity470 mutation (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.82), age (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05), and @entity85 (HR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.70-6.41) were independently associated with survival. In @entity1149 @entity1 with BM, @entity470 mutation status is associated with improved survival, independent of age, functional status, @entity85 status, and number of BMs.

title: XXXX mutation status and survival after diagnosis of brain metastasis in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['active extracranial disease', 'extracranial disease']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine if dissatisfaction with psychosocial work climate predicts psychiatrically diagnosed @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity734 . METHODS: In Aarhus County, Denmark, 13 423 public service employees at 683 workplace units answered a questionnaire survey assessing psychosocial work environment. An average workplace unit score of overall satisfaction with psychosocial working conditions, rated on a scale from 0-10 with 10 being most satisfied, was computed and assigned to the individual employees at each work unit. Aggregated satisfaction scores were divided into three levels, according to the 25-75 percentiles. Data on hospitalisations and outpatient treatments for @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity734 was obtained from the Danish Central Psychiatric Research Register. HRs and 95% CIs were computed for first onset of studied disorders, starting from the baseline survey at 1 January 2002 through to 30 April 2008. Risk estimates were adjusted for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: A low satisfaction with psychosocial working conditions was associated with an increased risk of any @entity146 , HR(adj) 1.71, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.82. The lower the satisfaction level, the higher was the risk of @entity146 . Moreover, @entity734 were more frequent among @entity1 dissatisfied with work climate, HR(adj) 3.53, 95% CI 1.55 to 8.03. CONCLUSION: Working in a dissatisfying psychosocial environment increases the risk of subsequent @entity146 . Randomised, controlled intervention trials may help in resolving whether this association is causal.

title: Does dissatisfaction with psychosocial work climate predict @entity308 , XXXX and @entity734 ? A prospective study of Danish public service employees.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders', 'mental health disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7893 is common in Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 . The etiology of this finding remains unclear, but it has been speculated to be based on @entity5 -induced suppression of the 'uninvolved' immunoglobulin production DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated the incidence of IgA and @entity12587 in 207 untreated @entity1 with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 and investigated the associated clinicopathological findings and impact of therapy. We also sequenced eight genes ( @entity3224 , @entity13852 , @entity2936 , @entity11603 , @entity10190 , @entity24603 , @entity28577 , @entity28578 ) implicated in immunoglobulin deficiency in 19 Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 @entity1 with IgA and/or @entity12587 . RESULTS: At baseline 63.3%, 58.0% and 49.3% of the 207 @entity1 had abnormally low serum levels of IgA, IgG, or both. No association between IgA and @entity12587 and disease burden, serum IgM levels, @entity2262 , International Prognostic Scoring System score, or incidence of recurrent infections was observed, although the presence of @entity3018 and/or @entity381 was associated with a lower incidence of @entity7893 . Lower IgA and IgG levels were associated with disease progression in @entity1 managed with a 'watch and wait' strategy. IgA and/or IgG levels remained abnormally low despite response to treatment, including complete remissions. A missense mutation in the highly conserved catalytic site of @entity28578 was observed in a @entity1 with @entity7893 , warranting further study of this pathway in Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 . CONCLUSIONS: IgA and @entity12587 is common in Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 and persists despite therapeutic intervention and response. IgA and @entity12587 does not predict the risk of recurrent infections in @entity1 with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 , although lower levels of serum IgA and IgG are associated with disease progression in Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 @entity1 being managed with a 'watch and wait' strategy.

title: IgA and @entity12587 in Waldenstr  m's XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12587 :: ('MESH:D017099', 'Disease') :: ['IgG hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta(2)-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['Hypogammaglobulinemia', 'hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['macroglobulinemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Parent @entity432 with/without bypass surgery is one of the treatment choices for the internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity439 to treat by clipping or coiling. There have been few reports regarding postoperative cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes after surgery. This study evaluated the present bypass selection strategy based on balloon test occlusion (BTO) in terms of clinical and hemodynamic outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive @entity1 with @entity3538 underwent parent @entity432 . High flow bypass (n=9), superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass (n=10), or no bypass (n=2) was performed depending on the changes in clinical symptoms and CBF during BTO. Quantitative CBF measurement with @entity3791 challenge was performed in the chronic stage. RESULTS: Overall outcome at discharge was good recovery 18, moderate disability 2, and severe disability 1. Two @entity1 suffered symptomatic @entity1188 associated with the surgical manipulations. Preoperative cranial nerve pareses improved completely or partially in all @entity1 except one. CBF in the chronic stage (n=18) demonstrated no significant difference between the surgical and non-surgical cerebral hemispheres. No cerebral ischemic event was observed during the follow-up period (mean 2.9 years). CONCLUSION: The present surgical strategy based on preoperative BTO provides a reliable tool to achieve acceptable clinical and hemodynamic outcomes in @entity1 with complex @entity3538 to be treated by parent @entity432 .

title: Parent XXXX with bypass surgery for the treatment of internal carotid artery @entity439 : clinical and hemodynamic results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['ICA aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm difficult']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['embolic or perforator infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe blunt @entity764 is associated with high mortality. @entity295 represents a serious risk factor for mortality in @entity649 ( @entity649 ). In septic @entity1 with @entity649 complement activation products were found to be elevated in the plasma. In single models like @entity558 or @entity130 complement has been studied to some degree, however in clinically highly relevant double hit models such as the one used here little data is available. Here, we hypothesized that absence of C5 is correlated with a decreased inflammatory response in @entity130 induced septic @entity647 . METHODS: 12 hrs after DH in @entity19 the local and systemic cytokines and chemokines were quantified by multiplex bead array or ELISA, activated @entity185 by western blot. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Sidak's multiple comparison test (significance, p <= 0.05). RESULTS: In lung tissue @entity777 , @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity24778 ( @entity24778 ) was elevated in both C5-/- @entity19 and wildtype littermates (wt), whereas @entity185 was reduced in lungs after DH in C5-/- @entity19 . Systemically, reduced keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) levels were observed after DH in C5-/- compared to wt @entity19 . Locally, lung @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ), protein, @entity777 , @entity1750 and @entity24778 in brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were elevated after DH in C5-/- compared to wt. CONCLUSIONS: In the complex but clinically relevant DH model the local and systemic inflammatory immune response features both, C5-dependent and C5-independent characteristics. Activation of @entity185 in lung tissue after DH was C5-dependent whereas local inflammation in lung tissue was C5-independent.

title: Role of Complement C5 in Experimental Blunt XXXX -Induced Septic @entity647 ( @entity647 ).

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemo attractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity24778 :: ('12985(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['Chest Trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Functional and radiographic outcomes, in addition to complication and reoperation rates of open curettage and grafting without instrumentation or with intramedullary nailing, in the treatment of simple @entity2001 (SBCs) of the humerus were compared. Thirty-seven @entity1 [25 males, 12 females; median age=9.5 years (range, 3-17 years)] with humeral SBC were treated with curettage and grafting without instrumentation (group 1, 21 @entity1 ) or with intramedullary nailing (group 2, 16 @entity1 ). The pathological fracture rate was 85.7% in group 1 and 87.5 in group 2. The follow-up duration ranged from 26 to 85 months. The average last follow-up Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional scores for groups 1 and 2 were 28.9 and 29.5 (P>0.05). Higher, but statistically insignificant (P>0.05), complete or significant partial radiographic healing rates were achieved in group 2 (100%) compared with group 1 (76.2%). The overall complication rate of the entire study population was 21.6% (19%; 4/21 in group 1; 25%; 4/16 in group 2). The reoperation rates for groups 1 and 2 were 9.5% (2/21; one for partial @entity45 , one for recurrence) and 56.25% (9/16; one for surgical complication, eight for implant removal). Surgical intervention is indicated for selected @entity1 with SBCs. Even though perfect functional results were possible with open curettage and grafting, continuous intramedullary decompression with elastic nails led to a higher radiographic healing rate in the treatment of humeral SBCs. Open curettage and grafting with or without intramedullary nailing was associated with a high number of complications, but the rate of reoperation for complications was very low.

title: A comparative study for the treatment of simple XXXX of the humerus: open curettage and bone grafting either without instrumentation or with intramedullary nailing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cyst healing']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['bone cysts']

answer: @entity2001 :: (MESH:D001845,Disease) :: ['bone cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess vitreous findings in optic disc pit @entity1020 using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). METHODS: Thirty-eight eyes of 38 @entity1 (14-51 years of age) with macular detachment associated with optic disc pit @entity1020 were included in the study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. In group 1, 16 eyes were studied by OCT at presentation and after surgical treatment. In group 2, 22 eyes were examined by OCT only after treatment. In both groups thorough vitreous examination was performed over the macula and the optic disc. All @entity1 were operated by the macular buckling procedure. RESULTS: @entity854 were found in 28 out of 38 eyes (74%) of both groups. In group 1, 10 of the 16 eyes had vitreous traction on the macula at presentation. The traction started from the optic disc and terminated to the macula. The posterior hyaloid that exerted the traction between the points of adhesion at the optic disc and the macula had a course parallel to the retinal surface in 9 of the 10 cases. Postoperatively, vitreous traction on the macula was not found. Of the remaining 6 eyes 4 had complete or @entity20699 . In group 2, 8 eyes had @entity20699 . In the remaining 9 cases no vitreous involvement was noticed. CONCLUSIONS: OCT was able to detect vitreous abnormalities such as vitreomacular traction, vitreous strands over the optic disc and complete or @entity20699 associated with optic disc pit @entity1020 . Our observations support the view that the abnormal vitreous over the macula and optic disc is likely to play a role in the development of macular elevation in cases with optic disc pit. Prospective OCT studies could further assist to better understand the role of vitreous in this disease.

title: Vitreous findings in optic disc pit XXXX based on optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Vitreous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['partial posterior vitreous detachment', 'vitreous strands over the optic disc and 5 eyes posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity308 during anesthesia and operation. Graded exercise testing has demonstrated a high correlation between @entity308 and @entity741 . Therefore, 11 @entity1 without and 29 @entity1 with known @entity453 were monitored during surgical procedures with a commercially available exercise electrocardiographic monitor (Viagraph). Comparisons were made between this device, which monitored lead V5, and the standard operating room monitor, which monitored lead 11. Eleven of 29 @entity1 in the disease group demonstrated significant ST @entity308 . Nine of the 11 @entity63 episodes were not recognized on the standard operating room monitor. Retrospective review of anesthetic records of those 11 @entity1 with @entity308 revealed rate--pressure product values greater than 11,000 for ten of them. Postoperatively, three of the 11 @entity1 with significant @entity308 had changing electrocardiograms compatible with @entity63 . None of the control group demonstrated significant @entity308 . The incidence of @entity63 was 38 per cent during anesthesia and operation in the @entity453 group. Lead V5 analysis is superior to lead 11 analysis in detecting @entity308 . The period in which intubation is performed is one of the highest-risk intervals during anesthesia and operation, particularly when it is associated with an increased rate--pressure product.

title: @entity741 during non-cardiac surgical procedures in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary-artery disease', 'coronary-artery-disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary-artery disease']


abstract: Collagen synthesis was measured in liver slices obtained from @entity19 with @entity2040 . Enlarged fibrotic livers from these @entity19 contained 20 times more collagen than normal. This model of @entity1575 results from an inflammatory granulomatous host response to @entity380 ova in portal tracts, rather than from direct lover cell injury as with @entity4314 -induced @entity1575 . Collagen synthesis, as measured by the formation of labeled protein-bound @entity720 , occurred in @entity738 isolated from fibrotic livers. Labeled collagen that cochromatographed with type I collagen was extracted with neutral salt solution from liver slices incubated with labeled @entity1521 . The free @entity1521 pool of the liver was doubled in infected @entity19 ; coordinately, liver slices from these animals showed maximal collagen production when the concentration of free @entity1521 in the medium was raised to 0.4 mM, the same level measured in the fibrotic livers. Under such conditions, collagen synthesis was at a rate equivalent to the formation of 5.4 nmol of protein-bound @entity720 per g liver @entity32877 . In comparative incubations in medium containing 0.2 mM @entity1521 , fibrotic liver slices produced 16-fold more collagen than normal slices. The @entity1521 analogue, @entity25846 , effectively inhibited synthesis of labeled collagen by fibrotic liver slices. These studies show the synthesis of collagen in a reproducible animal model of the most prevalent form of @entity1 @entity1575 . Difinitition of the controlling factors in this system is of interest for the general problem of @entity82 produced by immunological responses.

title: Liver collagen synthesis in @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity25846 :: ('CHEBI:6198', 'Chemical') :: ['L-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenic schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate histologically and histometrically the effect of experimental unilateral @entity432 (right side) on the mandibular condyle in @entity35 . 1. Histological findings of the periodontal tissues. i. Group A (Control Group) Periodontal tissues of the right mandibular first molar: Throughout the entire experimental period, a normal structure was observed. ii. Group B (1 mm Group) Periodontal tissues of the right mandibular first molar: At 1 and 2 weeks, resorption of the dentin and cementun, irregular arrangement of the periodontal fibers, resorption of the alveolar bone, and widening of the periodontal space were observed. At 3 and 4 weeks, these changes were gradually repaired. At 8 weeks, the changes were almost repaired except the change of the alveolar bone. Periodontal tissues of the left mandibular first molar: Throughout the entire experimental period, no changes were found. iii. Group C (2 mm Group) Periodontal tissues of the right mandibular first molar: At 1 and 2 weeks, resorption of the dentin and cementum, irregular arrangement of the periodontal fibers, @entity39 of the periodontal ligament, resorption of the alveolar bone, and widening of the periodontal space were observed. These changes were more marked than those of the same molar in Group B. From 3 to 8 weeks, the changes were similar to those of the same molar in Group B. Periodontal tissues of the left mandibular first molar: Throughout the entire experimental period, no changes were found. 2. Histological and histometrical findings of the mandibular condyles. i. Group B (1 mm Group) Right mandibular condyle: The layers of differentiation and @entity1184 showed a marked decrease in thickness and cellularity at 4 and 8 weeks. The layer of cartilage decreased significantly in thickness at 4 and 8 weeks (p less than 0.01). The cancellous bone showed a marked widening of bone marrow spaces at 4 and 8 weeks. It also decreased significantly in volumetric density at 4 and 8 weeks (p less than 0.01 or p less than 0.05). Left mandibular condyle: The layers of differentiation and @entity1184 showed a marked decrease in thickness and cellularity at 4 and 8 weeks. The layer of cartilage decreased significantly in thickness at 4 and 8 weeks (p less than 0.01). ii. Group C (2 mm Group) Right mandibular condyle: The layer of articular surface showed a marked decrease in cellularity at 1, 2, 3 and 8 weeks. It also decreased significantly in thickness at 1, 2, 3 and 8 weeks (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [The effect of experimental @entity432 on the mandibular condyle in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unrealistic expectations about illness duration are likely to result in reconsultations and associated unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. An evidence-based account of clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) may help avoid unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and reconsultations. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify clinical factors that may predict a prolonged clinical course or poor outcome for @entity1 with @entity1729 and to provide an evidence-based account of duration of an @entity1729 and the impact of the illness on daily activities in @entity1 consulting in general practice. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 247 adult @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity1729 presenting to 25 GPs in The Netherlands was carried out. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify baseline clinical and infection parameters that predicted the time taken for symptoms to resolve. A Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyse time-to-symptom resolution. Clinical cure was recorded by the GPs at 28 days after the initial consultation and by the @entity1 at 27 days. RESULTS: Co-morbidity of @entity565 was a statistically significant predictor of delayed symptom resolution, whereas the presence of fever, perspiring and the prescription of an antibiotic weakly predicted enhanced symptom resolution. The GPs considered 89% of the @entity1 clinically cured at 28 days, but 43% of these nevertheless reported ongoing symptoms. @entity1 -reported cure was much lower (51%), and usual daily activities were limited in 73% of the @entity1 at baseline, and 19% at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The course of @entity1729 was generally uncomplicated, but the morbidity of this illness was considerable with a longer duration than generally reported, especially for @entity1 with co-existent @entity565 . These results underline once again the importance of providing GPs with an evidence-based account of outcomes to share with @entity1 in order to set realistic expectations and of enhancing their communication skills within the consultation.

title: Prognostic factors and clinical outcome in XXXX : a prospective study in general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['LRTI', 'lower respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['acute lower respiratory tract infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to review our experience of radiation therapy to regional nodes in @entity1 with proven nodal @entity3 , with respect to regional control, late @entity137 , and overall survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: All @entity1 with a histological diagnosis of @entity320 , with involvement of the regional nodes but without distant @entity3 , who commenced nodal irradiation between January 1985 and July 1995 at Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute were studied. The study population of 113 @entity1 was divided into two categories: those with no residual @entity66 following nodal surgery (adjuvant group, 42 @entity1 ) and those who had no surgery (8) or had macroscopic @entity66 following nodal surgery (63) (palliative group, 71 @entity1 ). RESULTS: In the adjuvant group at 5 years following commencement of nodal irradiation 26% were estimated to be failure-free. Of the 74% who had experienced treatment failure by 5 years, an estimated 20% failed first with nodal relapse, 52% with distant @entity3 , and 2% with both nodal relapse and distant @entity3 . The estimated 5-year overall survival for this group was 33%. In the palliative group 16 @entity1 (23%) had an objective complete response. Altogether 48 @entity1 (68%) had a symptomatic response. At 5 years the overall survival in this group was 8% and an estimated 4% were failure-free. Of the 96% who had failed by 5 years, 68% failed first in the regional nodes, 25% had distant @entity3 as the first failure, and 3% had both nodal relapse and distant @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We recommend adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy for @entity1 with proven nodal @entity3 and high risk of regional recurrence (multiple nodes, extracapsular extension, or recurrent @entity66 ) in addition to adjuvant interferon.

title: Nodal radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'macroscopic disease', 'nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6863 -mutated normal karyotype @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) has recently been included as a provisional entity in the World Health Organization classification. The @entity6863 mutations are heterogeneous, including missense/nonsense base exchanges, frameshift mutations, and insertions/deletions being distributed throughout the gene. One of the genetic alterations within @entity6863 ( @entity26068 ; @entity26069 ) was later suggested to represent an inherited polymorphism. As this is not a simple single nucleotide polymorphism, but a six-base pair insertion that leads to a two @entity535 elongation of the protein, functional implications cannot be excluded. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 1135 @entity3052 @entity1 from selected cytogenetic subgroups for @entity6863 mutations. RESULTS: Besides acquired @entity6863 mutation in 76 cases (6.7%), we detected the @entity26069 polymorphism in 61 of 1135 @entity3052 cases (5.4%). In healthy controls, @entity26069 was detected in a comparable frequency (10 of 187; 5.3%) and therefore is unlikely to be predisposing for @entity3052 . More detailed analysis (taking French-American-British classification subtype, cytogenetics, and etiology into account) showed no preference for the @entity26069 for any subgroup. Prognosis of the @entity3052 with @entity26069 was comparable with @entity3052 without CEBPAmut. In this primary cohort, we never detected coincidence of the @entity26069 and a @entity6863 mutation in the same @entity3052 @entity1 . Validation of these results was performed in an independent cohort of 1131 @entity3052 cases: There were 67 @entity6863 mutations (5.9%) and 55 @entity26069 (4.9%). The @entity26069 was again associated with unmutated @entity6863 alleles. CONCLUSIONS: These results further confirm that the @entity26069 is a polymorphism and illustrate the difficulties that can arise in the differentiation of genetic polymorphisms from malignancy-inducing alterations.

title: A copy number repeat polymorphism in the transactivation domain of the CEPBA gene is possibly associated with a protective effect against acquired @entity6863 mutations: an analysis in 1135 @entity1 with XXXX and 187 healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair offers a less invasive approach for the treatment of @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 (rDTAA). Due to the low incidence of this life-threatening condition, little is known about the outcomes of endovascular repair of rDTAA and the factors that affect these outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively investigated the outcomes of 87 @entity1 who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair for rDTAA at 7 referral centers between 2002 and 2009. The mean age was 69.8+/-12 years and 69.0% of the @entity1 were @entity1 . @entity1457 was present in 21.8% of @entity1 , and 40.2% were hemodynamically unstable. The 30-day mortality rate was 18.4%, and @entity1457 (odds ratio 4.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 16.5; P=0.014) and hemothorax at admission (odds ratio 6.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 27.1; P=0.008) were associated with increased 30-day mortality after adjusting for age. @entity64 and @entity451 occurred each in 8.0%, and @entity1070 was diagnosed in 18.4% of @entity1 within the first 30 days after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Four additional @entity1 died as a result of procedure-related complications during a median follow-up of 13 months; the estimated @entity439 -related mortality at 4 years was 25.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of rDTAA is associated with encouraging results. The endovascular approach was associated with considerable rates of neurological complications and procedure-related complications such as @entity1070 .

title: Outcomes of endovascular repair of XXXX descending thoracic @entity449 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock', 'Hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptured']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2976 ( @entity2976 ) is an often-fatal complication of long-term @entity298 ( @entity298 ). We here report the clinical features of @entity2976 in @entity298 @entity1 from a single university center. METHODS: The data were collected retrospectively from 606 @entity298 @entity1 at Kyungpook National University Hospital, between August 2001 and August 2011. The diagnosis of @entity2976 was based on clinical signs and symptoms, and confirmed by radiological findings. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (1.3%, four males) were diagnosed with @entity2976 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 48.5 years (range, 33 to 65). The mean duration of @entity298 was 111.8 months (range, 23 to 186). All @entity1 except for one had three or more episodes of @entity298 . Seven @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2976 after stopping @entity298 , and only one stayed on @entity298 after initial diagnosis and treatment. Total parenteral nutrition and corticosteroids, in addition to @entity440 therapy, were used to treat most of the @entity1 , and one @entity1 underwent surgery (adhesiolysis). The overall mortality rate was 50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2976 is a serious, life-threatening complication in @entity1 on long-term @entity298 . To reduce the incidence and mortality rate of @entity2976 , careful monitoring and early diagnosis is needed.

title: XXXX : case series from a university center.

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'Korean PD', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity2976 :: (MESH:D056627,Disease) :: ['Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis']


abstract: During @entity295 there is an increase in the plasma content of several compounds, e.g., bacterial toxins, cytokines, cell debris, free hemoglobin and @entity5632 . In blood, these compounds activate various cascade systems, which in large amounts or in more vulnerable @entity1 lead to a @entity1003 ( @entity1003 ) with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and @entity204 , despite conventional intensive care unit therapy. Therapeutic attempts to reverse these conditions have so far been of limited benefit. These effects have mainly been focused on lowering the blood concentration of single substances such as @entity5 @entity39 factor. By the use of low-and high-flux hemodialysis filters, usually only small amounts of these substances are removed. By the use of plasmapheresis or plasma exchange, the extent of removal is considerably increased. The efficacy varies between the techniques (centrifugation vs. filtration or adsorption) and has also different influences on e.g. the complement system. This report describes these techniques and the therapeutical possibilities given by them. In small trials, blood or plasma exchange has been used as rescue therapy in critically ill @entity1 with a progressive @entity409 and @entity1003 . A survival of about 80% of the @entity1 has been reported in these studies and the use of combined therapy will be discussed. Controlled trials are required in this field.

title: Apheresis of plasma compounds as a therapeutic principle in severe XXXX and @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intra-vascular coagulopathy']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: Various mechanisms may exist for activation of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes during @entity548 and reinfusion. During activation of PMN leukocytes, @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ) is produced in addition to @entity26 free radicals. We studied the effects of @entity548 and reinfusion on cardiac function and contractility, @entity26 free radical producing activity of PMN leukocytes (PMN chemiluminescence), and serum and cardiac tissue @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), a lipid peroxidation product, with and without @entity1853 (quencher of @entity9784 ) in anesthetized @entity235 , in order to assess the role of @entity9784 in @entity308 of cardiac function and contractility in @entity548 . The @entity235 were divided into two groups: group I, @entity548 (2 hr) followed by reinfusion (2 hr); and group II, @entity548 and reinfusion similar to group I but @entity1853 (30 mg/kg i.v.) was administered before bleeding, before reinfusion, and after 1 hr of reinfusion in this group. Mean arterial pressure (mAo), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), index of @entity296 (dp/dtmax), and cardiac function ( @entity64 volume index [SVI], left-ventricular work index [LVWI]) decreased significantly during shock and the decreases were similar in both groups. The indices of @entity296 which are independent of pre- and/or afterload ([dp/dt]/IIP and [dp/dt]/IIP/CPIP) were affected to a lesser degree than the other indices of @entity296 (dp/dtmax) during shock and reinfusion. However, the systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly in both groups. Postinfusion recovery of cardiac function and contractility in group II was greater than in group I. Cardiac function and contractility after reinfusion returned to preshock levels initially followed by a decrease below the preshock values in group I. However, these parameters remained at or above preshock levels after reinfusion in group II. Cardiac tissue @entity1865 levels were higher in group I, as compared to those in control @entity235 . The tissue levels of @entity1865 in group II were lower than in group I but similar to those of control. The serum @entity1865 did not change significantly during shock and reinfusion in either group. Although there were increases in the serum @entity1865 after reinfusion in group I, they were not significant. While the chemiluminescent activity of PMN leukocyte increased significantly in group I, this activity decreased significantly in group II during shock and reinfusion. @entity1853 in in vitro studies did not affect the @entity26 free radical producing activity of PMN leukocyte. These results suggest that @entity9784 is produced during shock and reinfusion. The decrease in the cardiac function and contractility after reinfusion may be due to @entity9784 .

title: @entity1853 in protection of @entity548 : role of @entity26 free radicals and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contractility']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['Methionine', 'methionine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity9784 :: (MESH:D006997,Chemical) :: ['hypochlorous acid']


abstract: The effects of @entity3352 (I), a blocker of @entity3009 (PG)-synthetase, was studied in @entity35 in an attempt to elucidate the physiological role of renal PGE. Plasma-I-concentrations of 13-14 mug/ml reduced renal venous plasma @entity5014 -concentration significantly from 216 to 85 pg/ml within 45 min. Urine flow and solute excretion decreased by 42% and 20%, respectively, while urine osmolality increased 450 mOsm. Inulin clearance (CIN) and proximal reabsorption rate was unaffected, while @entity8 ( @entity8 ) decreased by 18%. Plasma @entity3449 concentration decreased slightly but significantly. An i.v. saline load equal to 1% b.wt. given to I-treated @entity35 failed to elevate significantly either urine flow, solute excretion, CIN, @entity8 or proximal reabsorption rate, but plasma @entity3449 decreased further. The normal inverse relationship between plasma @entity3449 and proximal reabsorption rate was absent. The data are consistent with the concept that intrarenal PGE plays in adjustment of renal vascular resistance, and support the concept of a physiological role of intrarenal PGE in regulating salt and water excretion. The data do not support any major physiological role of PGE in regulating proximal tubular function.

title: @entity3352 blockade of renal PGE-synthesis: effect on total renal and tubular function and plasma @entity3449 concentration in hydropenic XXXX and on their response to isotonic saline.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal plasma flow', 'RPF']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest a potential predictive role of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation in responsiveness to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed- @entity3003 combination as first-line chemotherapy in advanced non-squamous @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) limited to @entity470 -wild-type cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this single-arm, multicenter clinical trial, @entity1 received pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2)) and @entity3003 (area under the curve=6) intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks for three to six cycles. The objective response rate (ORR) was the primary end-point; secondary end-points included the disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. RESULTS: A total of 54 @entity1 were enrolled and 53 @entity1 received therapy. No complete response was observed and partial response was observed in 19 (35.8%) cases, resulting in an ORR of 35.8% [95% confidence interval (CI)=23.1-50.2%]. Stable disease was observed in 20 (37.7%) @entity1 and therefore the DCR was 73.6% (95% CI=59.7-84.7%). The median PFS was 5.4 months (95% CI=4.1-6.8 months) and the median OS was 12.7 months (95% CI=9.3-16.1 months). Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 hematological @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity1431 , @entity417 and @entity882 in 35.8%, 11.3%, 30.2%, and 32.1% of @entity1 , respectively. No grade 3 @entity1398 was observed, and grade 3 or 4 non-hematological @entity137 were mild. There was no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The pemetrexed- @entity3003 combination was effective and well-tolerated in @entity1 with @entity470 -wild-type non-squamous @entity1149 (UMIN-CTR number: UMIN000003393).

title: Phase II Study of @entity3003 and Pemetrexed in Advanced @entity470 -wild-type Non-squamous XXXX : The Central Japan Lung Study Group Trial 0906.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: AIM: @entity414 stone disease is dependent on three pathogenetic factors: acid urine pH, low urine volume, and hyperuricosuria. However, the most important factor for @entity414 stone formation is persistently acidic urine that represents a prerequisite for @entity414 stone formation and growth. Urinary alkalization with alkali administration has been advocated for dissolution of stones on the basis of estabilished clinical experience. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of therapy with @entity15514 / @entity30198 for dissolution of radiolucent stones. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 8 @entity1 with radiolucent stones (< or = 15 mm) in functioning kidneys were enrolled (4 M, 4 F; mean age 66 +/- 2 years) Ultrasonography (or computed tomography scan) was done to confirm stone presence and burden and plain X-ray to exclude @entity5990 . At basal a blood sample was drawn for @entity413 , @entity1011 and @entity414 measurement and a 24 hour urine sample was collected for evaluation of daily @entity414 excretion. Urine cultures were also performed in order rule out urinary tract infection. All @entity1 at presentation and weekly during the study period filled out urinary pH and volume diaries. Each study day three samples of urine were collected for pH and volume measurement (morning from 8 AM to 2 PM; afternoon from 2 PM to 8 PM, and night from 8 PM to 8 AM). Two study periods were considered: during the first 6 week period a daily water intake of 1500 ml was suggested whereas in the following 6 week period the same water intake plus @entity15514 40 mEq and @entity30198 20 mEq (divided in two doses). @entity972 alkali were chosen in order to reduce the risk of @entity460 precipitation because of their @entity460 -lowering effect. The effects of treatment on stone dissolution was evaluated by ultrasonography after each study period (6 weeks and 12 weeks). RESULTS: During the first period of treatment stone burden remained unchanged in all @entity1 . On the contrary after 6 weeks of @entity15514 / @entity3157 treatment, complete stone dissolution was found in three of the @entity1 . In the other five cases a partial dissolution was observed and in two of them complete dissolution of the stone was achieved after prolongation of the treatment for 4 and 6 month respectively. Mean urinary volumes were unchanged during all the two study periods. Mean urinary pH was significantly higher during the @entity15514 / @entity3157 treatment period in comparison to the first study period (morning 6.60 +/- 1.06 vs 5.53 +/- 0.51, p = 0.030; afternoon 6.53 +/- 0.70 vs 5.63 +/- 0.41, p = 0.007; night 6.57 +/- 0.51 vs 5.98 +/- 0.80, p = 0.092). Tolerance of the drug was good, and no serious effects were observed sufficient to interrupt treatment. None of the @entity1 required subsequent interventions for stone treatment. CONCLUSION: Urinary alkalization with @entity15514 / @entity3157 is a well tolerated and highly effective treatment, resulting in dissolution of nonobstructing @entity414 stones.

title: Dissolution of radiolucent renal stones by oral alkalinization with XXXX / @entity30198 .

entities_list: @entity30198 :: ('MESH:C026329', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity15514 :: ('MESH:D019357', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium citrate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['calcified stones']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid', 'uric acid']

answer: @entity15514 :: (MESH:D019357,Chemical) :: ['potassium citrate']


abstract: Inhibin-related proteins were identified in @entity1 follicular fluid following fractionation by gel permeation chromatography under neutral and acidic conditions, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and preparative @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. A number of molecular mass forms of inhibin (30-36 and 59-66 kDa) based on their in vitro biological and immunological activities were identified, of which 59-66 kDa inhibin was the predominant form. Bioactive fractions devoid of inhibin immunoactivity were also identified with molecular masses of 46 and 55 kDa. Based on their retention positions on reversed-phase HPLC and their lack of inhibin immunoactivity, these proteins are likely to be follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) suppressing proteins/follistatins previously identified in @entity291 and porcine follicular fluids. In addition, an immunoactive inhibin fraction devoid of bioactivity was identified in large amounts in the 50-70 kDa region of the gel permeation chromatogram at neutral pH. This material, based on previous findings with the fractionation of @entity291 follicular fluid, is likely to be the alpha-inhibin subunit precursor protein. No FSH stimulating activity ( @entity723 ) was identified in any of the chromatograms, suggesting that the levels of @entity723 in @entity1 follicular fluid are low. In conclusion, inhibins of molecular mass 30, 36, 59 and 66 kDa have been identified in @entity1 follicular fluid. Proteins with inhibin bioactivity devoid of immunoactivity and vice versa have also been detected and these proteins are probably FSH suppressing protein and an alpha-inhibin subunit precursor protein. @entity723 could not be identified.

title: Identification of inhibin and inhibin-related proteins in XXXX follicular fluid.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Data suggest that @entity3978 -rich products may improve endothelial function and other cardiovascular health risk factors. Grape and wine contain high amounts of @entity6398 , but effects of these @entity6398 have hardly been investigated in isolation in randomized controlled studies. Our objective in this study was to test the chronic effect of @entity3978 -rich solids derived from either a @entity13788 mix or grape seed on @entity384 ( @entity384 ). Blood pressure and other vascular function measures, platelet function, and blood lipids were secondary outcomes. Thirty-five healthy males were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study consisting of three 2-wk intervention periods separated by 1-wk washout periods. The test products, containing 800 mg of @entity6398 , were consumed as capsules. At the end of each intervention period, effects were measured after consumption of a low-fat breakfast (~751 kJ, 25% fat) and a high-fat lunch (~3136 kJ, 78% fat). After the low-fat breakfast, the treatments did not significantly affect @entity384 . The absolute difference after the @entity13788 solid treatment was -0.4% (95% CI = -1.8 to 0.9; P = 0.77) and after grape seed solids, 0.2% (95% CI = -1.2 to 1.5; P = 0.94) compared with after the placebo treatment. @entity384 effects after the high-fat lunch and effects on secondary outcomes also showed no consistent differences between both of the grape solids and placebo treatment. In conclusion, consumption of grape @entity6398 has no major impact on @entity384 in healthy @entity1 . Future studies should address whether grape @entity6398 can improve @entity384 and other cardiovascular health risk factors in populations with increased cardiovascular risk.

title: Grape @entity6398 do not affect vascular function in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity51 are a well-established phenomenon in @entity161 @entity1 and studies have typically used unimodal emotion tasks, presenting either emotional faces or emotional vocalizations. We introduced bimodal emotion conditions in two previous studies in order to study the process of multisensory integration of visible and audible emotion cues. We now build on our earlier work and address the regulatory effects of selective attention mechanisms on the ability to integrate emotion cues stemming from multisensory channels. METHODS: We added a neutral secondary distractor condition to the original bimodal paradigm in order to investigate modality-specific selective attention mechanisms. We compared @entity161 @entity1 (n=50) to @entity716 @entity1 (n=46), as well as to healthy controls (n=50). A trained psychiatrist used the Schedules of Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN 2.1) to diagnose the @entity1 . RESULTS: As expected, in healthy controls, and to a lesser extent in @entity716 @entity1 , modality-specific attention attenuated multisensory integration of emotional faces and vocalizations. Conversely, in @entity161 @entity1 , auditory and visual distractor conditions yielded unaffected and even exaggerated multisensory integration. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that schizophrenics, as compared to healthy controls and @entity716 @entity1 , have modality-specific @entity71 when attempting to integrate information regarding emotions that stem from multichannel sources. Various explanations for our findings, as well as their possible consequences, are discussed.

title: Modality-specific attention and multisensory integration of emotions in XXXX : reduced regulatory effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Deficits in emotion perception']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['non-schizophrenic psychotic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The term " @entity1185 " indicates the tendency towards multicentricity and recurrence that these @entity5 exhibit (Snyder et al. 1972). A typical @entity1185 arises from the nasal vestibule and is characterized by the epithelial proliferation growing an exophytic manner. We report a rare case of @entity1544 of the bilateral nasal cavities. A 65-year-old @entity1 presented with a 2-year-history of bilateral nasal obstruction. Computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed a soft density mass in the bilateral nasal cavities and ethmoid sinuses. Because the @entity5 were limited to the nasal cavities and anterior ethmoid sinuses, total @entity5 was performed endoscopically. On the basis of the clinicopathological findings, the @entity5 were diagnosed as @entity1185 . His post-operative course was uneventful, and he is currently free from disease 13 months after surgery. @entity1185 usually arise from the unilateral nasal cavity or paranasal sinus. While some cases of inverted (inverting) @entity1185 arising from the bilateral nasal cavities have been reported, bilateralism of the nasal @entity1185 is quite rare. Diagnosis, clinical behavior and treatment of @entity1544 of the bilateral nasal cavities are reviewed.

title: XXXX of the bilateral nasal cavities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'squamous papillomas', 'papillomatosis', 'Nasal papillomas', 'squamous papilloma']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['Squamous papillomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3291 is a very rare benign @entity4617 in @entity235 . This is the first description of a @entity299 originating from the left ventricular outflow tract, presumably causing @entity944 . CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 12-year-old male West Highland white terrier was found dead during its 1-week stay in a kennel. The @entity235 was known to have a cardiac murmur. On necropsy, a pedunculated @entity5 was found attached to the interventricular aspect of the left ventricular outflow tract, resulting in @entity35164 . As this was the only abnormality identified, the @entity5 was considered as the cause of @entity944 . Histopathologic findings were compatible with a @entity3291 . CONCLUSIONS: Benign intraluminal @entity5 of the heart are very rare in @entity235 , but may have fatal consequences. Echocardiography could have revealed the cause of the cardiac murmur of this previously asymptomatic @entity235 . Surgical removal could have been possible, as the @entity5 was pedunculated.

title: XXXX and @entity944 in a @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['Myxoma', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma']

entities_list: @entity35164 :: ('MESH:C537010', 'Disease') :: ['almost complete obstruction of the aorta']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular cardiac myxoma']