abstract: BACKGROUND: The Bipolar Comprehensive Outcomes Study (BCOS) is a 2-year, prospective, non-interventional, observational study designed to explore the clinical and functional outcomes associated with 'real-world' treatment of @entity1 with @entity162 or @entity914 . All @entity1 received treatment as usual. There was no study medication. METHODS: @entity1 prescribed either @entity1316 ( @entity1316 ; n   =   155) alone, or @entity1037 with, or without, @entity1316 ( @entity1037        @entity1316 ; n   =   84) were assessed every 3   months using several measures, including the Young Mania Rating Scale, 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions Scale - Bipolar Version, and the EuroQol Instrument. This paper reports 24-month longitudinal clinical, pharmacological, functional, and socioeconomic data. RESULTS: On average, @entity1 were 42 (range 18 to 79) years of age, 58%; were female, and 73%; had a diagnosis of @entity162 . Polypharmacy was the usual approach to pharmacological treatment; @entity1 took a median of 5 different psychotropic medications over the course of the study, and spent a median proportion of time of 100%; of the study on mood stabilizers, 90%; on antipsychotics, 9%; on antidepressants, and 5%; on @entity1245 /hypnotics. By 24   months, the majority of @entity1 had achieved both symptomatic and syndromal remission of both @entity162 and @entity308 . Symptomatic relapse rates were similar for both the @entity1316 alone (65%;) and the @entity1037        @entity1316 (61%;) cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity162 or @entity914 in this study were receiving complex medication treatments that were often discordant with recommendations made in contemporary major treatment guidelines. The majority of study @entity1 demonstrated some clinical and functional improvements, but not all achieved @entity1109 .

title: Treatment and outcomes of an Australian cohort of outpatients with XXXX or @entity914 over twenty-four months: implications for clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar I', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['remission of symptoms or syndrome']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['conventional mood stabilizers', 'CMS']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar I']


abstract: Forty-one consecutive @entity1 were managed for post-traumatic @entity571 or dysfunction of the elbow with use of a non-customized semiconstrained Coonrad-Morrey total elbow prosthesis. The average age at the time of the operation was fifty-seven years (range, thirty-two to eighty-two years). The @entity1 were followed for an average of five years and eight months (range, two to twelve years). Radiographs were made at least two years postoperatively (average, five years and one month; range, two to twelve years) for thirty-nine of the forty-one @entity1 . According to the Mayo elbow performance score, sixteen @entity1 (39 per cent) had an excellent result, eighteen (44 per cent) had a good result, five (12 per cent) had a fair result, and two (5 per cent) had a poor result. Thirty-six (95 per cent) of the thirty-eight @entity1 who had a functioning implant at the time of follow-up considered the outcome to be satisfactory. Preoperatively, thirty-seven @entity1 (90 per cent) had moderate or severe @entity158 ; postoperatively, thirty (73 per cent) had no or only mild discomfort. Motion improved from an average arc of flexion of 40 to 118 degrees preoperatively to an average arc of flexion of 27 to 131 degrees postoperatively. All thirty-eight functioning implants rendered the elbow stable. Eleven @entity1 (27 per cent) had a major complication. Nine of them (22 per cent of the series) needed an additional operation. There was no @entity1349 , and most of the complications were primarily due to so-called mechanical failure. The ulnar component fractured in five @entity1 (12 per cent), and the @entity691 bushings wore out in two (5 per cent). These complications were attributed principally to the performance of strenuous physical labor, such as lifting more than ten kilograms on a regular basis, against the advice of the surgeon; excessive preoperative @entity85 ; or an unstable @entity130 . Two @entity1 (5 per cent) had an @entity281 . Semiconstrained joint replacement of the elbow can be a reliable form of treatment, and frequently is the only viable option, for the difficult problems encountered with post-traumatic destruction of a joint. Restoration of function, relief of @entity158 , and @entity1 satisfaction can be achieved even when a @entity1 is less than sixty years old if that @entity1 has low demands and a low level of activity. However, the mechanical failures underscore the fact that this procedure is relatively contraindicated in patients who anticipate strenuous physical activity or who are not expected to comply with the postoperative protocol. This observation reflects the tendency for increased and excessive use of a previously functionless joint, after it has been rendered stable and @entity158 -free, to lead to mechanical failure.

title: Semiconstrained total elbow replacement for the treatment of post-traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of the joint']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether breast conservation and prolonged neoadjuvant chemotherapy have efficacy in locally advanced @entity0 (LABC), as measured by survival and rate of breast conservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine @entity1 with @entity5 were enrolled at the University of Michigan (UM) onto a prospective nonrandomized trial. @entity1 received nine 21-day cycles of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy that consisted of @entity632 30 mg/m2 and @entity786 750 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, conjugated @entity172 0.625 mg orally twice daily on days 6 to 8, @entity1499 40 mg/m2 and @entity1487 500 mg/m2 intravenously on day 8, and @entity440 10 mg orally twice daily on days 9 to 14. @entity1 with a negative biopsy received radiation only, while those with residual disease underwent mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. Eight more cycles of chemohormonal therapy were administered after local-regional therapy. RESULTS: The clinical response rate to neoadjuvant therapy was 97%, 28% of @entity1 had a complete pathologic response evaluated at biopsy. Five-year overall and disease-free survival probabilities were 54% and 44%, respectively. The median disease-free survival time was 2.4 years. The 5-year actuarial rates of local-regional control with local failure as only first failure were 82% and 78% following radiotherapy, and mastectomy and radiotherapy, respectively (P = .99). CONCLUSION: Prolonged neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy and biopsy-driven local therapy have efficacy in LABC, with 28% of @entity1 being candidates for breast conservation and a 5-year overall survival rate of 54%.

title: Breast conservation and prolonged chemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : the University of Michigan experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, @entity137 and safety of an new domestic @entity1205 in the treatment of pretreated @entity0 . METHODS: Fourty-four @entity0 @entity1 who had failed in first-line chemotherapy were included in this trial. They received @entity1205 as the second-line chemotherapy. @entity1205 was administered alone at a dose of 70 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to prevent @entity3028 was not permitted. The response rate and @entity137 were evaluated by World Health Organization @entity137 scale and performance status by Karnofsky scale. RESULTS: Of the 41 evaluable @entity1 , 4 achieved complete response and 14 partial remission, with a response rate and clinical benefit rate of 43.9% and 85.4%, respectively. Grade 3 or grade 4 @entity1398 developed in 42.9%, alopecia in 7.1% and @entity391 in 4.8% of these @entity1 . Fluid retention was not observed in this series. CONCLUSION: Three-week administration of @entity1205 alone at a dose of 70 mg/m2 is effective and tolerable. It provides an alternative for the pretreated @entity0 @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 was generated using a membrane-enriched fraction of a @entity1 @entity189 biopsy. It has demonstrated reactivity to the majority of @entity1 @entity420 including @entity43 , endometrial, mammary, and @entity1149 as well as weak or nondetectable reactivity to the majority of normal adult tissues, with the exception of secretory endometrium. Radiolabeled B72.3 has demonstrated MAb localization of @entity189 in approximately 70% of several hundred @entity43 @entity1 . The B72.3-reactive antigen, @entity5 -associated glycoprotein 72, has been purified from a @entity1 @entity694 xenograft and used as an immunogen to generate second generation MAbs. Twenty-eight of these MAbs, designated @entity694 ( @entity694 ), were shown to be reactive with @entity5 -associated glycoprotein 72; direct-binding radioimmunoassays, Western blotting, live cell surface binding assays, liquid competition radioimmunoassays, and affinity constant measurements distinguished @entity694 MAbs from each other and from B72.3. Two of these MAbs, CC49 and CC112, were selected for further immunohistochemical characterization. These MAbs were tested here against a spectrum of normal, benign, and malignant @entity1 adult tissues using the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase technique, and their reactivity was compared with B72.3. Both @entity694 MAbs were more reactive than B72.3 against a range of @entity5 . Extensive testing with MAbs CC49 and B72.3 using serial tissue sections demonstrated that both MAbs reacted similarly to most normal adult tissues with MAb CC49 reacting stronger to inflammatory colonic tissue. In 35 of 48 (72%) @entity189 biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract, ovary, breast, and lung in which one of the MAbs reacted to at least 20% of the cells, CC49 reacted to a greater percentage of @entity189 cells and/or @entity5 -associated mucin than B72.3. The reciprocal was observed in only 2% of the @entity189 . This study thus provides evidence that these second generation anti- @entity5 -associated glycoprotein MAbs may be more efficient than B72.3 in the further study of @entity1 @entity189 cell populations and in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures presently being pursued with MAb B72.3.

title: Enhanced XXXX binding using immunohistochemical analyses by second generation anti- @entity5 -associated glycoprotein 72 monoclonal antibodies versus monoclonal antibody B72.3 in @entity1 tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, ovarian', 'colorectal and ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'mammary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'CC']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Recently, a highly efficient recombination system for chromosome engineering in @entity526 was described that uses a defective lambda prophage to supply functions that protect and recombine a linear DNA targeting cassette with its substrate sequence (Yu et al., 2000, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 5978-5983). Importantly, the recombination is proficient with DNA homologies as short as 30-50 bp, making it possible to use PCR-amplified fragments as the targeting cassette. Here, we adapt this prophage system for use in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) engineering by transferring it to DH10B cells, a BAC host strain. In addition, @entity4583 inducible cre and flpe genes are introduced into these cells to facilitate BAC modification using loxP and FRT sites. Next, we demonstrate the utility of this recombination system by using it to target cre to the 3' end of the @entity19 @entity20137 ( @entity20137 ) gene carried on a 250-kb BAC, which made it possible to generate BAC @entity19 that specifically express Cre in all mature neurons. In addition, we show that fragments as large as 80 kb can be subcloned from BACs by gap repair using this recombination system, obviating the need for restriction enzymes or DNA ligases. Finally, we show that BACs can be modified with this recombination system in the absence of drug selection. The ability to modify or subclone large fragments of genomic DNA with precision should facilitate many kinds of genomic experiments that were difficult or impossible to perform previously and aid in studies of gene function in the postgenomic era.

title: A highly efficient XXXX -based chromosome engineering system adapted for recombinogenic targeting and subcloning of BAC DNA.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Background and Aims:    @entity1 suffering from peptic ulcer (PU) @entity548 who have @entity454 ( @entity454 ) may encounter more adverse outcomes. The primary objective is to investigate the risk factors that influence the outcomes of @entity454 and @entity740 ( @entity740 ) @entity1 with PU @entity548 after successful @entity1613 . Methods:    A total of 540 @entity1 with PU @entity548 after @entity1613 in a tertiary hospital were investigated retrospectively. They were sorted into three groups after randomised age-matched adjustment: @entity454 group (n   =   90), @entity740 group (n   =   90) and control group (n   =   360). Main outcome measurements were rebleeding, requirement for blood transfusion and surgery, length of hospital stay and mortality. Results:    The rebleeding rates were 43% for the @entity454 group vs. 21% for the @entity740 group vs. 12% for the control group (overall p   =   <   0.001). Multivariate analysis showed the predictors of rebleeding were @entity454 , time to endoscope, and non-high-dose proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) users. The risk factors for @entity548 -related mortality were presence of moderate degree of @entity740 and @entity454 group, time to endoscope, and Rockall score. All-cause mortality was related to presence of moderate degree of @entity740 and @entity454 group, platelet count, time to endoscope, Rockall score and length of hospital stay. Conclusions:    @entity454 @entity1 who suffered from PU @entity548 were at risk of excessive rebleeding and mortality with frequent occurrence of delayed rebleeding. This study suggests that early endoscopy for initial haemostasis and high-dose intravenous PPI are associated with the reduction of rebleeding risk especially in @entity1 with high Rockall scores.

title: Risk factors influencing the outcome of peptic ulcer bleeding in end stage renal diseases after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial endoscopic haemostasis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['initial endoscopic haemostasis']


abstract: 1. The organization of the proteins in the outer membrane of @entity526 was examined by the use of cross-linking agents and two-dimensional @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Treatment of protein A-peptidoglycan complexes with @entity11750 or @entity3584 produced the dimer, trimer, and higher oligomers of protein A. Both forms of this protein, proteins A1 and A2, produced similar cross-linking products. No cross-linking of protein A to the peptidoglycan was detected. 2. The proteins of the isolated outer membrane varied in their ease of cross-linking. The heat-modifiable protein, protein B, was readily cross-linked to give high molecular weight oligomers, while protein A formed mainly the dimer and trimer under the same conditions. The pronase resistant fragment, protein Bp, derived from protein B was not readily cross-linked. No linkage of protein A to protein B was detected. 3. Cross-linking of cell wall preparations, consisting of the outer membrane and peptidoglycan, showed that protein B and the free form of the lipoprotein, protein F, could be linked to the peptidoglycan. A dimer of protein F, and protein F linked to protein B, were detected. 4. These results suggest that specific protein-protein interactions occur in the outer membrane.

title: Cross-linking of the proteins in the outer membrane of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11750 :: ('MESH:C011240', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate)']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, prospective and controlled animal study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lumbar spinal fusion using recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 in a @entity235 model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal fusion using autogenous bone grafting is associated with donor site morbidity and a nonunion rate of 5% to 35%. The use of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 as a bone graft substitute would eliminate donor site morbidity and perhaps augment the rate of successful fusion. METHODS: Mature beagles underwent bilateral paraspinal exposure at L4-L5, followed by transverse process decortication and randomization into one of six groups using differing doses of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 implanted using either a Type I collagen carrier or a @entity7049 carrier. Two control groups were used: one group without recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 and another group using autogenous rib graft alone. RESULTS: Groups treated with recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 demonstrated complete fusion in all animals. Animals treated with collagen carrier alone (no recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 ) demonstrated complete absence of fusion. Successful fusion occurred in one of three @entity235 in the autogenous bone graft group. Fusion masses in the recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 treatment groups were significantly larger in size at 3 months than in the autogenous bone graft group. The collagen carrier was more biocompatible and biodegradable because residual @entity7049 carrier was seen with adjacent multinucleated giant cells. There was no evidence of spinal canal or nerve root encroachment in the recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 implanted using a Type I collagen carrier resulted in 100% fusion without adverse effects.

title: Lumbar spinal fusion using recombinant @entity1 bone morphogenetic protein in the XXXX . A comparison of three dosages and two carriers.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 2']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic acid']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: 1. The hormonal control of glycogen breakdown was studied in hepatocytes isolated from livers of fed @entity35 . 2. @entity413 release was stimulated by @entity1831 (10pm-10nm), @entity398 (1nm-1mum), and @entity1808 (1nm-0.1mum). These responses are all at least as sensitive to hormone as is @entity413 output in the perfused @entity35 liver. 3. The effect of these three hormones on @entity413 release was critically dependent on extracellular @entity141 , unlike that of glucagon. Half-maximal restoration of the @entity1951 response occurred if 0.3mm- @entity141 was added back to the incubation medium. 4. Glycogen breakdown was more than sufficient to account for the @entity413 released into the medium, in the absence or presence of hormones. @entity880 release by hepatocytes was not affected by @entity1951 , but was inhibited by glucagon. 5. If @entity141 was omitted from the extracellular medium, @entity1951 stimulated glycogenolysis, but not @entity413 release. 6. The phosphorylase a content of hepatocytes was increased by @entity1951 , @entity398 and @entity1808 ; minimum effective concentrations were 0.1pm, 0.1nm and 10pm respectively. This response was also dependent on @entity141 . 7. These results demonstrate that hepatocytes can respond to low concentrations of @entity1951 and @entity1808 , i.e. these effects are likely to be relevant in the intact animal. The role of extracellular @entity141 in the effects of these hormones on hepatic glycogenolysis and @entity413 release is discussed.

title: Rapid stimulation by @entity1951 , XXXX and @entity1808 of glycogen degradation in hepatocyte suspensions.

entities_list: @entity1831 :: ('CHEBI:34543', 'Chemical') :: ['[8-arginine]vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic and treatment costs in @entity1 referred to a reference centre with a suspected soft tissue @entity242 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consisted of a historic cohort of 48 consecutive @entity1 who were diagnosed with soft @entity242 and treated in our centres between the years 2009 and 2011, both prior to and after performing the biopsy. The cost per procedure was taken from the official list of prices published in the year 2009. A comparative study of the data was performed using the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: The mean cost per @entity1 was 14,427.58   . In those referred before the biopsy, the overall mean cost was 11,818.67   , and in those referred afterwards, it was 6,456.74    (p=.0073). There were no significant differences in the diagnostic costs between the groups. However, the mean cosy of the treatment per @entity1 was higher in the second group (p=.0121). DISCUSSION: The referral to centres with experienced multidisciplinary teams in this disease is a common fact highlighted in many articles, where the financial savings have also been demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that, as well as improving the care aspect of the @entity1 when they are referred to a specialist centre prior to the biopsy, there is also a lower health care cost.

title: [Cost analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of soft XXXX in reference centres].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'tissue sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['tissue sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work was to evaluate retrospectively, as quality control, the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in @entity43 . METHOD: We compared 243 frozen section results with the final diagnosis in paraffin sections, from cases studied from January 1994 to April 1999. RESULTS: Results with the two methods were analyzed on two parameters: (a) malignant potential and (b) histological type. As for malignant potential, frozen section diagnosis agreed with the @entity982 diagnosis in 94% of all cases (98.5% for @entity5 , 94% for @entity5 , and 78.6% for borderline @entity5 ). There was one false-positive and 13 false-negative cases. Sensitivity and specificity values for @entity5 were 93 and 99%; for borderline @entity5 , 61 and 99%; and for @entity5 , 98 and 93%. With respect to histological type, in 203 cases (84%) the pathologists had no doubt in the diagnosis; in 40 cases (16%) diagnosis was given as "compatible with." In 35 of these (87.5%) the initial diagnosis was confirmed by paraffin. CONCLUSION: Frozen section diagnosis seems to be a reliable method for @entity43 , with high sensitivity for @entity5 and a low false-positive rate which allow the best choice of treatment. The most frequent problems arise with borderline and @entity722 .

title: Accuracy of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'malignant neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['granulosa cell tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: G F Jooste Hospital (GFJH) is a secondary-level referral hospital in a high @entity645 and @entity378 ( @entity378 ) @entity325 setting. AIMS: To assess the proportion of significant @entity99 ( @entity99 ) due to @entity378 treatment ( @entity2385 ) and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART) among @entity1 presenting with @entity409 at GFJH and to describe management and outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed of all cases referred to GFJH with significant @entity409 from 1 January to 30 June 2009. Significant @entity409 was defined by @entity493 transaminase (ALT)>= 200 U/l or total @entity648 (TBR)>= 44   mol/l. @entity2385 - or ART-associated @entity99 was defined as significant @entity409 attributed to @entity2385 and/or ART and which resulted in the halting of treatment or the adjustment thereof. Outcome measures included case numbers, descriptive data, and in-hospital and 3-month mortality. RESULTS: A total of 318/354 cases of significant @entity409 were reviewed: 71 were classified as @entity2385 - or ART-associated @entity99 was attributed to other causes in the remainder. In-hospital and 3-month mortality of @entity2385 - or ART-associated @entity99 @entity1 was 27% (n=19) and 35% (n=25), respectively. The majority of @entity204 were related to @entity295 or @entity295 complicating @entity409 . Twenty-three @entity1 (32%) were lost to follow-up; 23 (32%) were alive and in outpatient care 3 months after presentation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2385 - or ART-associated @entity99 is a common reason for presentation at a referral hospital in South Africa. In-hospital and 3-month mortality are high. Prospective studies are needed to define optimal management.

title: Burden of antituberculosis and antiretroviral XXXX at a secondary hospital in South Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['DILI, while liver dysfunction', 'drug-induced liver injury', 'DILI']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['drug-induced liver injury']


abstract: Increases in the @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) level in cultured @entity3569 V79 cells incubated with @entity3494 compounds were investigated in terms of changes in the activity of @entity2638 synthetase (gamma-GCS), rate of @entity1434 uptake, and utilization of @entity462 . @entity4250 at subtoxic concentrations caused a marked increase of the @entity2197 level at 8 h after addition and then declined. Increase in the @entity2197 level caused by @entity4250 was associated with an increase in the rate of @entity1434 uptake, but not in gamma-GCS activity. Increase in the rate of uptake of @entity1434 was attributed mainly to an increase in the utilization of @entity462 in the synthesis of @entity2197 . @entity3495 ( @entity7450 ) also caused an increase in the @entity2197 level in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Increase in the @entity2197 level was accompanied by increases in gamma-GCS activity and in the uptake of @entity1434 . @entity7450 caused a reduction in the rate of utilization of @entity462 for protein synthesis while enhancing the rate of @entity462 utilization for @entity2197 synthesis. @entity1880 inhibited increases in gamma-GCS activity caused by @entity7450 and in the rate of @entity1434 uptake caused by @entity4250 and @entity7450 . The @entity1434 transport system is suggested to be induced by @entity4250 and @entity7450 with gamma-GCS induced in cells incubated with @entity7450 . Among the @entity3494 compounds, @entity3497 ( @entity11596 ) was not effective in causing an increase in the @entity2197 level. Accordingly, increases in the @entity2197 level caused by @entity4250 and @entity7450 may be specific phenomena in which the cells responded to the arsenicals by increasing the @entity2197 level.

title: XXXX compound-induced increases in @entity2041 levels in cultured @entity3569 V79 cells and mechanisms associated with changes in @entity2638 synthetase activity, @entity1434 uptake and utilization of @entity462 .

entities_list: @entity2638 :: ('MESH:C017341', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['Arsenite', 'arsenite']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3497 :: ('MESH:C020300', 'Chemical') :: ['methylarsonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3495 :: ('MESH:D002101', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethylarsinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['Arsenic']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 82 year-old @entity1 was admitted with a facial Herpes zoster reactivation and a zoster-related @entity5422 . He was treated with @entity1033 over a peripheral venous catheter that was placed in the right elbow pit. The @entity5422 subsided without @entity51 , but the @entity1 developed a catheter-associated @entity3527 . An oral @entity5898 was prescribed and the @entity1 discharged. After developing a @entity221 and general discomfort he was readmitted to hospital three days later. INVESTIGATIONS: A 3   3 cm abscess in the elbow pit was incised and drained, but no swab or blood cultures were taken. When the @entity1 's condition got worse an echocardiogram was ordered. It showed vegetations on the aortic and mitral valves as well as on the cardiac pacemaker wires. TREATMENT AND COURSE: Blood cultures were positive for @entity797 . Although a therapy with @entity2176 and @entity869 was started, the @entity1 's condition impaired. Surgical valve replacement was initiated, but the @entity1 expired 5 weeks later due to @entity881 . CONCLUSION: The danger of peripheral @entity1212 is frequently underrated, early identification of the causing pathogen, sensitivity testing and proper antibiotic treatment are of tremendous importance. Clinical sings of @entity295 must under no circumstances be overlooked.

title: [Peripheral venous catheter-related XXXX @entity295 with fatal outcome].

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['Aciclovir']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['venous catheter infections']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['septic multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['E. faecalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In daily practice, ultrasonography (US) is used only to designate the location and pattern of @entity455 . Skin US is not performed between routine venous investigations. METHODS: Skin morphology is evaluated by the same probes used for routine Duplex evaluation of superficial veins. US findings from evident @entity272 are comparatively evaluated with those from the surrounding apparently normal skin and from the contralateral leg. RESULTS: Inflammation and dermal @entity4 can be found in the apparently normal skin of C2 legs. Swollen legs show thickening of the subcutaneous layer as a result of diffuse soaking or anechoic cavities, with or without dermal @entity4 . @entity102 is characterized by @entity4 in initial phases, and by liposclerosis in advanced cases. Recrudescence of @entity32 provokes focal rarefactions of the subcutaneous layer, possibly related to @entity1066 opening. CONCLUSION: In legs with @entity66 , sonography refines clinical evaluation of the skin and may reveal changes not highlighted by inspection. Some of these changes could require further investigation because they have not yet been explained or described. Skin sonography should improve knowledge of the natural history of skin changes, as well as contribute to a better grading of @entity66 severity In particular, US evidence of cutaneous and subcutaneous changes in C2 legs should be considered to stratify the treatment in C2 legs, by identifying those in which varicose veins are not simply a cosmetic problem.

title: Ultrasonography of Skin Changes in Legs with Chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disorders', 'venous diseases']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'inflammatory edema']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hypodermitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Venous Disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We sought to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical activity of @entity6219 plus pemetrexed in @entity1 with solid @entity5 . METHODS: This dose-escalation study used a standard 3 + 3 design to evaluate once daily @entity6219 (400-800 mg) plus pemetrexed (400-500 mg/m(2) on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle). Eight additional @entity1 were enrolled into an expansion cohort. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were enrolled. @entity6219 800 mg plus pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) was the MTD. The most common adverse events at all dose levels included @entity1295 , @entity1398 , @entity294 , and @entity882 . The frequencies of non-hematologic adverse events were consistent with those of the individual agents. The rates of all-grade and Grade 4 @entity1503 (reversible @entity1398 with median duration of 4 days) were higher with the combination regimen than with either monotherapy. Exploratory analyses revealed no association between the plasma levels of 3 biomarkers of @entity2186 metabolism ( @entity3959 , @entity1255 , and @entity15744 ) and the risk of Grade 4 @entity1398 and Grade 3 @entity1398 . Of 20 @entity1 evaluated for efficacy, 2 (10 %) had a partial response. @entity6219 did not affect pemetrexed clearance, but increased pemetrexed maximal concentration by 22 %. In exploratory pharmacogenetic analyses, allelic variants of the @entity7 gene demonstrated weak correlation with development of severe @entity1398 . CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant administration of @entity6219 800 mg once daily plus pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) once every 21 days is feasible, albeit associated with a high frequency of brief, reversible @entity1398 . Preliminary activity was observed in @entity1149 .

title: Phase Ib trial of the oral angiogenesis inhibitor XXXX administered concurrently with pemetrexed in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib', 'Pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3959 :: ('MESH:D003540', 'Chemical') :: ['cystathionine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity15744 :: ('MESH:D008764', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity6219 :: (MESH:C516667,Chemical) :: ['pazopanib']


abstract: @entity3089 (EGCg), a dietary @entity3978 and a major tea @entity12919 , is a known sucrase inhibitor. Since dietary pectin is known to modulate some of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, we investigated whether it could specifically affect the efficacy of EGCg on an oral @entity969 tolerance test in @entity19 . Male Crj:CD-1 (ICR) @entity19 (seven weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups and fed a 5 % apple pectin (PE) or 5 % cellulose (CE) diet (control diet) for 28 days. After the experimental diet period, all @entity19 were fasted overnight. A volume of 0.2 mL EGCg (20 mg/mL) was orally administered to all the @entity19 by stainless steel feeding needle via injection syringe and a @entity969 tolerance test was performed. The blood @entity413 levels were measured in blood collected from the tail vein using the OneTouch   Ultra   blood @entity413 monitoring system. Blood @entity413 levels at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after @entity969 loading in the PE group were significantly higher than initial blood @entity413 levels. However, blood @entity413 levels at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes after @entity969 loading in the CE group were not significantly higher than initial blood @entity413 levels. After laparotomy, plasma lipids were also measured. Plasma @entity412 concentrations were significantly greater in the PE group than in the CE (control) group. This demonstrates that dietary pectin can affect the efficacy of EGCg on the oral @entity969 tolerance test in @entity19 .

title: Apple pectin affects the efficacy of XXXX on oral @entity969 tolerance test in adult @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the hypothesis that endothelial denudation in advanced carotid plaques (CPs) occurs by increased apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in advanced @entity543 ( @entity543 ) and asymptomatic CPs (ACPs). METHODS: 93 consecutive @entity1 underwent carotid endarterectomy. Five additional specimens were studied by SEM. We performed TUNEL assays, and immunostaining against Fas receptor (FasR), @entity12 ( @entity12 ), activated @entity522 (ACA3) and Ki-67. RESULTS: SEM revealed morphological changes consistent with EC detachment. Surprisingly, ACA3 positivity was more pronounced on the endothelium of ACPs (4.6 +/- 0.7% of total EC count) than on @entity543 (3.3 +/- 0.7%, p = 0.049), and was found to correlate positively with nuclear Ki-67 expression (r(s) = 0.275, p = 0.040). @entity12 expression was significantly increased on the endothelium of @entity543 compared with ACPs (66.4 +/- 4.4 vs. 53.9 +/- 4.5%, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Absence of increased positivity of apoptotic markers dismisses apoptosis as a dominant mechanism underlying endothelial detachment of @entity543 . Rather, increased ACA3 with co-expression of Ki-67 in ACPs might suggest that renewal of endothelium by active cell turnover may contribute to clinically silent evolution of plaques with preserved EC integrity. These observations may assist in designing novel therapies to prevent endothelial decay and symptom generation in advanced @entity2998 .

title: Endothelial apoptosis does not determine symptom status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic CPs', 'SCPs']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery disease']


abstract: Effective protocols for oocyte activation are crucial for study of parthenogenetic development and to produce nuclear transfer reconstructed embryos. This study investigated the use of @entity1360 ( @entity39916 ) and @entity31859 ( @entity15410 ) in the activation of parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer porcine oocytes. In-vitro-matured oocytes with a polar body were treated with varying concentrations of ION, @entity15410 or its combinations, and then fixed or cultured to assess activation and development rates, respectively. @entity1360 concentrations of 10 and 15 microM resulted in more frequent oocyte activation and the 15 microM in advanced development compared to 5 microM (71.8 and 70%vs. 47.5%; P=0.04, and 43.7%vs. 19.3%; P=0.008, respectively). Oocytes treated with 10, 20 or 30 mM of @entity15410 for 2 or 4h displayed a pronuclear formation rate ranging from 46.7 to 70%. When employed after a 5 min treatment with 10 or 15 microM ION, exposure to 10 mM @entity15410 for 4 h resulted in higher pronuclear formation than did the 20 mM concentration (82 and 88.6%vs. 63.3 and 73.2%; P=0.03). Nuclear transfer reconstructed oocytes treated with 15 microM/5 min ION followed by 10 mM/4 h @entity15410 resulted in a higher development to blastocyst stage compared to those treated with 15 microM ION alone (17.7 vs. 11.3%; P=0.06). In conclusion, we inferred that the inclusion of @entity15410 in the activation protocol can benefit the development of nuclear transfer reconstructed porcine oocytes.

title: Chemical activation of parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer porcine oocytes using @entity1360 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31859 :: ('MESH:C025700', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['Ionomycin', 'ionomycin']

answer: @entity31859 :: (MESH:C025700,Chemical) :: ['strontium chloride']


abstract: A better understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of @entity1583 has led to the development of immunotherapeutic and immunoregulatory drugs. Many of these agents have revolutionized the current treatment modalities, while others are under investigation. Rituximab (anti- @entity2225 antibody) has been established as the gold standard of treatment for @entity1892 in combination with @entity3726 and has shown significant activity as monotherapy in the treatment of indolent @entity1892 . In @entity706 the combination of Rituximab with chemotherapy improves the outcome compared to chemotherapy alone. @entity2225 -based radioimmunotherapy, with the advantage of the bystander effect, represents an additional therapeutic alternative in @entity1892 and may produce @entity5 regression in Rituximab resistant patients. The anti- @entity7638 monoclonal antibody, alemtuzumab, further expands the armamentarium against @entity706 producing high response rates in these entities. Antibody-targeted chemotherapy such as gemtuzumab ozogamicin, consisting of an anti- @entity1116 antibody combined to @entity10316 , has shown efficacy in the treatment of refractory acute @entity2800 ; exact indications, timing and dosing schedule for optimized efficacy remain to be determined. Interferons have proven significant activity in @entity706 , @entity5734 and chronic @entity2800 by mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. @entity2816 , by acting as an immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic agent can modulate neoplastic cells microenvironment and lead to disease control in multiple @entity1582 as well as in numerous other @entity1583 . Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, displays significant anti- @entity5 activity, especially in multiple @entity1582 and @entity1071 . The addition of these agents in therapeutic regimens has improved considerably the treatment of @entity1583 .

title: Immunotherapeutic and immunoregulatory drugs in haematologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphomas', 'follicular lymphomas', 'lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia', 'myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'aggressive B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity10316 :: ('CHEBI:64068', 'Chemical') :: ['calicheamicin']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) was used as an alternative to operative therapy in 21 elderly or critically ill @entity1 with suspected acute @entity2679 . All had associated disabling diseases, ten (48 percent) were older than 65 years, nine (43 percent) were in the intensive care unit and eight (38 percent) were recovering from recent operations. Among the 21 @entity1 , 18 had @entity2679 (eight calculous and ten acalculous); in three @entity1 , the procedure was only diagnostic. In 16 of 18 @entity1 with acute @entity2679 , immediate relief of symptoms and significant improvement of laboratory signs of @entity2679 occurred. Persistent signs of @entity298 and uncertainty of diagnosis led to cholecystectomy without complication in one @entity1 . @entity694 , as a result of technical complications, necessitated laparotomy in another @entity1 . No other complication of PC was noted. Mortality rate of a @entity1 with @entity2679 , treated by PC, was 5.5 percent (one of 18). Among ten @entity1 with @entity7140 , only one @entity1 underwent cholecystectomy because of a direct complication of PC. The other nine @entity1 are alive and symptom-free with an intact gallbladder after a mean follow-up period of 16 months. Among eight @entity1 with @entity2679 , four later underwent cholecystectomy, three died from underlying disease, and one @entity1 had stones extracted percutaneously. These results indicate that PC is an effective temporary measure in elderly or critically ill @entity1 with acute @entity2679 and, under close clinical supervision, a safe alternative to surgical intervention. In @entity1 with @entity7140 , PC can be used as an immediate and definitive therapy, and cholecystectomy can be avoided.

title: Indications and limitations of percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis', 'calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic perforation']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) is a life-threatening @entity166 in childhood for which there is no confirmed therapeutic strategy. Endothelial inflammation leading to microthrombosis formation via complement activation is the main pathology of @entity1381 . @entity9820 is an endothelial membrane protein that has anticoagulation and anti-inflammatory effects, including the suppression of complement activity. Recombinant @entity1 soluble @entity9820 (rTM) is a novel therapeutic medicine for disseminated @entity5642 . We administered rTM to 3 @entity1 with @entity1381 for 7 days and investigated the outcomes in view of the @entity1 ' prognoses, changes in biochemical markers, complications, and adverse effects of rTM. Symptoms and laboratory data improved after initiation of rTM in all 3 @entity1 . Abnormal activation of complements was also dramatically suppressed in 1 @entity1 . The @entity1 recovered without any complications or adverse effects of rTM. They were discharged having normal neurologic status and with no @entity8 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of rTM being used to treat @entity1381 . These case reports show the positive effect of rTM in @entity1 with @entity1381 . Randomized controlled studies should be performed to assess the efficacy and safety of rTM for @entity1 with @entity1381 .

title: A novel strategy for @entity1381 : successful treatment with XXXX a.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombomodulin', 'thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['HUS', 'Hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity9820 :: (7056,Gene) :: ['thrombomodulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF WORK: Organ transplantation is an accepted treatment for @entity1 with end-stage organ failure. There is limited information about transplantation in @entity1 with @entity370 . While there has been no systematic study of transplantation in @entity370 , there have been several reports of @entity1 with @entity370 undergoing organ transplantation. The purpose of this review is to analyze the available literature. METHODS: We reviewed the literature regarding transplantation of kidney, liver, heart, @entity299 and lung in @entity1 with @entity370 with attention to survival, complications and the incidence of recurrence of @entity370 in the transplanted organ and at distant sites. RESULTS: Survival and complication rates are similar to those of @entity1 undergoing transplantation for other indications. Recurrence of @entity10070 has been estimated to be 47% following lung transplantation. The published cases represent a fraction of the @entity1 reported to the International Registry maintained by the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS). CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation can be carried out safely in @entity1 with @entity370 . Recurrence is frequent, often asymptomatic, and does not compromise graft function or @entity1 survival. Radiographic @entity2526 associated with recurrence are responsive to increased adrenocorticosteroid therapy. Exacerbation of @entity370 in transplant recipients occurs in the setting of intense immunosuppression.

title: XXXX and transplantation.

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities or symptoms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart-lung']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Sarcoidosis']


abstract: This study examined the sensitivity of ultra-high field (16.4 T) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI; 70  m in-plane resolution, 1mm slice thickness) to evaluate the spatiotemporal development of severe mid-thoracic contusive @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) in @entity19 . In vivo imaging was performed prior to @entity1566 , then again at 2h, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 30 days post- @entity1566 using a Bruker 16.4 T small animal nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Cross-sectional spinal cord areas were measured in axial slices and various DTI parameters, i.e. fractional anisotropy (FA), @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), axial diffusivity (    ) and radial diffusivity (     ), were calculated for the total spared white matter (WM), @entity4037 ( @entity4037 ), lateral funiculi (LF) and dorsal columns (DCs) and then correlated with histopathology. Cross-sectional area measurements revealed significant @entity194 (32% reduction) of the injured spinal cord at the lesion epicentre in the chronic phase of injury. Analysis of diffusion tensor parameters further showed that tissue integrity was most severely affected in the DCs, i.e. the site of immediate impact, which demonstrated a rapid and permanent decrease in FA and     . In contrast, DTI parameters for the ventrolateral white matter changed more gradually with time, suggesting that these regions are undergoing more delayed degeneration in a manner that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Of all the DTI parameters,       was most closely correlated to myelin content whereas changes in FA and      appeared more indicative of axonal integrity, @entity6441 and associated presence of macrophages. We conclude that longitudinal DTI at 16.4T provides a clinically relevant, objective measure for assessing white matter pathology following contusive @entity1566 in @entity19 that may aid the translation of putative neuroprotective strategies into the clinic.

title: Longitudinal assessment of white matter pathology in the injured XXXX spinal cord through ultra-high field (16.4 T) in vivo diffusion tensor imaging.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral funiculi', 'VF']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many therapeutic techniques have been used for the treatment of @entity2695 ( @entity2695 ), and each has its own limitations. Our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of @entity167 ablation for treating these lesions. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity2695 were treated by injection of absolute @entity167 into the lesion via the percutaneous transpedicular route under CT guidance. Symptoms before treatment included @entity51 in 13 @entity1 and debilitating @entity158 in one. All @entity1 underwent preprocedural MR imaging. All @entity1 had clinical and MR imaging follow-up (14 @entity1 at 48-96 hours and 2 months; six at 9-15 months). Results were divided into excellent (resumption of work, alleviation of @entity158 ), good (significant improvement), and failure of treatment categories on the basis of subjective assessment of clinical improvement. Clinical improvement/deterioration was correlated with MR-revealed changes. RESULTS: All @entity1 showed transient deterioration of neurologic status after @entity167 ablation. Subsequently, excellent results were seen in five @entity1 and eight were in the good category. One @entity1 in whom treatment failed also developed a complication ( @entity733 ). Four of the eight @entity1 with good results had preprocedural cord changes. Total follow-up ranged from 5 to 31 months, with 11 @entity1 showing stable improvement. One @entity1 developed recurrent @entity2695 within a month. Another @entity1 became symptomatic after initial good response, secondary to the collapse of the involved vertebral body. Good correlation was found between clinical improvement and reduction of epidural soft-tissue masses on MR images. Cord signal alteration seen on MR images in four treated @entity1 , however, did not show any change after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity167 ablation is an effective management option for @entity2695 . Although encouraging results were seen in almost 86% of our @entity1 , a longer follow-up period still is needed to assess the stability of improvement. Potential complications include @entity891 and @entity281 .

title: XXXX ablation of @entity2695 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas', 'SVH']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['paravertebral abscess']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies that assessed the role of birth weight in the risk of @entity565 have been limited because of selection bias and covariate imbalance. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between birth weight and risk of @entity565 by applying a propensity score approach. METHODS: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study based on a birth cohort of @entity1 born between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 1979, in Rochester, Minnesota. The propensity scores for birth weight were formulated using 16 covariates. We matched the propensity scores for @entity1 having low birth weight (<2,500 g) within a caliper of 0.2 SD of logit function of propensity scores. We calculated the cumulative incidence of @entity565 between low and normal birth weight groups using the Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS: There were 3933 eligible @entity1 born between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 1979. Before matching, 13 of the 193 @entity1 (6.7%) born weighing 2,500 g developed @entity565 , whereas 201 of the 3,740 @entity1 (5.4%) born weighing 2,500 g and above developed @entity565 (P=.42). There were significant covariate imbalances between comparison groups. However, after propensity score matching, covariate imbalance was significantly reduced, and @entity1 born weighing less than 2,500 g had a similar risk to matched @entity1 born with normal birth weight (8.3% vs 7.3%, P=.75). CONCLUSION: Birth weight is not associated with risk of @entity565 during the first 6 years of life. The propensity score may be a useful method for observational studies concerning @entity565 epidemiology.

title: Population-based study on association between birth weight and risk of XXXX : a propensity score approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progressive non-infectious anterior vertebral fusion is a unique @entity74 with distinctive radiological features. Early radiographic findings consist of narrowing of the anterior aspect of the intervertebral disk with adjacent end plate erosions. There is a specific pattern of progression. The management needs a multi-disciplinary approach with major input from the orthopaedic surgeon. CASE REPORT: We report a 12-year-old-female with progressive anterior vertebral fusion. This occurred at three vertebral levels. In the cervical spine there was progressive fusion of the lateral masses of the Axis with C3. Secondly, at the cervico-thoracic level, a severe, progressive, anterior thoracic vertebral fusion (C7-T5) and (T6-T7) resulted in the development of a thick anterior bony ridge and massive @entity1463 and thirdly; progressive anterior fusion at L5-S1. Whereas at the level of the upper lumbar spines (L1) a @entity602 was encountered. @entity17316 was an additional @entity600 . The role of the CT scan in detecting the details of the @entity600 was important. To our knowledge, neither this @entity600 complex and nor the role of the CT scan in evaluating these @entity1 , have previously been described. CONCLUSION: The constellations of the @entity853 in our @entity1 do not resemble any previously reported conditions with progressive anterior vertebral fusion. We also emphasise the important role of computerized tomography in the investigation of these @entity1 in order to improve our understanding of the underlying pathology, and to comprehend the various stages of the progressive fusion process. 3D-CT scan was performed to improve assessment of the spinal changes and to further evaluate the catastrophic complications if @entity174 of the ankylosed vertebrae does occur. We believe that prompt management cannot be accomplished, unless the nature of these @entity600 is clarified.

title: Progressive non-infectious anterior vertebral fusion, XXXX and situs inversus visceralis.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['split cord malformation']

entities_list: @entity17316 :: ('MESH:D012857', 'Disease') :: ['Situs inversus visceralis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['bony malformations', 'vertebral malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disorder']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['split cord malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many non- hormonal abnormalities can be observed in @entity164 2 @entity6 , including @entity1503 and especially @entity417 . AIM: Determine biological characteristics of @entity417 in @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: This is a case-control study conducted from June to August 2014 in Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of Congo) where assays of serum hemoglobin (Hb) , measuring the mean corpuscular volume (MCV ) and the calculation of the rate hematocrit ( Hct ) were done in 30 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (group I ) and in 30 other considered healthy with a normal rate of @entity413 ( group II). The results obtained were compared in the two groups and the level of significance was set at p <0.05. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity6 (57 %) had @entity417 , the mean age of @entity1 was 55    8.1 years for @entity1 and 48    4.1 years in @entity1 . Hypo hemoglobin was found in 53 % of cases in male diabetics , reduced MCV in 47 % of cases and a filtration rate decrease glomerular in 33 % of cases. In the group of female @entity6 @entity1 , 60% of cases showed a hypo hemoglobin , MCV and decreased in 33 % of cases and a filtration rate decrease glomerular in 20 % of cases. In contrast, in the control groups of both sexes, the parameters studied rates remained in the standard. CONCLUSION: @entity417 is often found in @entity6 @entity1 . Its etiology appears to be dominated by the presence of @entity2316 , in which the kidneys are affected by @entity4854 and @entity1307 is affected and not known to produce red blood cells. These @entity417 rarely require a blood transfusion and well conducted etiological treatment allows the correction of the @entity417 .

title: Evaluation of the anemic condition of @entity164 2 XXXX cases of the city of Lubumbashi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia', 'anemias']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity36183 ( @entity36183 ) is a rare, congenital @entity4848 generally resulting in early death from neurological decline due to @entity3554 . @entity75 presenting in later childhood in the absence of @entity66 are rare. This report summarizes a rare presentation and curative @entity302 surgery. The authors discuss the case of a 14-year-old @entity1 with @entity36183 who originally presented with intractable partial-onset @entity410 . The MRI, PET, and SPECT studies subsequently revealed a focal epileptogenic source in the right temporal lobe. Results of video-electroencephalography monitoring concurred with the imaging findings, and a right temporal lobectomy was performed including the medial structures. Following surgery, histopathological features of the lesion included multiple scattered mononuclear cells with @entity2118 in the amygdala specimen. The @entity1 remains @entity410 free 2 years postresection, and no longer needs medication for @entity410 management. This @entity1 presented with an atypical CNS manifestation of @entity36183 that is curable by @entity302 surgery. Her intractable @entity302 developed @entity3528 , which had no associated @entity1709 , an uncommon occurrence. As evidenced by the lack of @entity410 activity following resection, the @entity1 's quality of life greatly improved after neurological surgery.

title: Amygdalar neuromelanosis intractable XXXX without @entity3554 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal disease']

entities_list: @entity36183 :: ('MESH:C537387', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocutaneous melanosis', 'NCM']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Nonmeningeal CNS epileptogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to amygdalar neuromelanosis']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['brown pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal melanosis']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal involvement']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new 2-step technique for obtaining adequate but short-term parenchymal @entity1184 in oncologic @entity1 requiring extended right hepatic resection with limited functional reserve. BACKGROUND: @entity1 presenting with primary or metastatic @entity96 often face the dilemma that the remaining liver tissue may not be sufficient. @entity887 has thus far been established as the standard procedure for achieving resectability. METHODS: Two-staged hepatectomy was performed in @entity1 who preoperatively appeared to be marginally resectable but had a @entity5 -free left lateral lobe. Marginal respectability was defined as a left lateral lobe to body weight ratio of less than 0.5. In the first step, surgical exploration, right portal vein ligation (PVL), and in situ splitting (ISS) of the liver parenchyma along the falciform ligament were performed. Computed tomographic volumetry was performed before ISS and before completion surgery. RESULTS: The study included 25 @entity1 with primary @entity96 ( @entity157 : n = 3, @entity1419 : n = 2, extrahepatic @entity201 : n = 2, @entity13904 : n = 1, @entity1086 : n = 1 or metastatic disease [colorectal liver metastasis]: n = 14, @entity43 : n = 1, @entity356 : n = 1). Preoperative CT volumetry of the left lateral lobe showed 310 mL in median (range = 197-444 mL). After a median waiting period of 9 days (range = 5-28 days), the volume of the left lateral lobe had increased to 536 mL (range = 273-881 mL), representing a median volume increase of 74% (range = 21%-192%) (P < 0.001). The median left lateral liver lobe to body weight ratio was increased from 0.38% (range = 0.25%-0.49%) to 0.61% (range = 0.35-0.95). Ten of 25 @entity1 (40%) required biliary reconstruction with hepaticojejunostomy. Rapid perioperative recovery was reflected by normalization of International normalized ratio (INR) (80% of @entity1 ), @entity1011 (84% of @entity1 ), nearly normal @entity648 (56% of @entity1 ), and albumin (64% of @entity1 ) values by day 14 after completion surgery. Perioperative morbidity was classified according to the Dindo-Clavien classification of surgical complications: grade I (12 events), grade II (13 events), grade III (14 events, III a: 6 events, III b: 8 events), grade IV (8 events, IV a: 3 events, IV b: 5 events), and grade V (3 events). Sixteen @entity1 (68%) experienced perioperative complications. Follow-up was 180 days in median (range: 60-776 days) with an estimated overall survival of 86% at 6 months after resection. CONCLUSIONS: Two-step hepatic resection performing surgical exploration, PVL, and ISS results in a marked and rapid @entity1184 of functional liver tissue and enables curative resection of marginally resectable @entity96 or @entity3 in @entity1 that might otherwise be regarded as palliative.

title: Right portal vein ligation combined with in situ splitting induces rapid left lateral liver lobe XXXX enabling 2-staged extended right hepatic resection in small-for-size settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative portal vein embolization']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity13904 :: ('MESH:D018323', 'Disease') :: ['malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: In South Africa, cervical @entity5 is the most common female @entity5 followed by @entity0 . Despite the high incidence of these @entity5 , population-based screening is limited to cervical screening available at primary health clinics. Cervical screening uptake is, however, low. In 2009 a new @entity5 prevention initiative was launched in a specific resource poor community in Tshwane, South Africa. The low cervical screening uptake as well as a potentially low breast screening uptake could have resulted in the failure of this initiative. The purpose of the study was to develop and pilot test an intervention to address this risk. A Community Health Worker was trained and tasked to raise @entity0 and motivate @entity1 to take up screening. The intervention was assessed in terms of three outcomes: screening uptake, awareness and the value of the Community Health Worker. Despite the fact that the Community Health Worker's role was valued, screening uptake was disappointing and the level of awareness remained low. Unfortunately this intervention failed and once again we are left with the challenge of improving screening uptake.

title: Creating awareness and facilitating cervical and XXXX screening uptake through the use of a Community Health Worker: a pilot intervention study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['awareness of cervical and breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Twenty-three adolescent schizophrenics were studied in regard to the problems of the course of @entity221 , prognosis and defect. Illustrations of cases (follow-up for three to 15 years) were presented. 1) The course was considered chiefly from the viewpoint of positive symptoms, namely paranoid-hallucinatory experiences. It was divided into the following four categories; remittent, persistent, scanty and fading types. At the same time, general characteristics of each type were discussed. 2) As to the changes in clinical forms, hebephrenia was gradually manifested in more than half of the cases. There were some cases in which the expansion of paranoid activities were observed. These two prominent tendencies might be explained in terms of personality disintegration and maturation. We were impressed, in this regard, that @entity2438 tendencies and @entity146 were more manifest in the initial stages in @entity1 who later turned more @entity23440 . 3) A mild defect was observed in fourteen cases, while a medium or severe defect was recognized in eight cases. Generally, the degree of defect seemed to be more manifest in female @entity1 than in males. Moreover, the defect was generally more severe in early adolescent cases and in @entity1 with insidious onsets as well as in those with a longer duration of @entity221 than in mid-adolescent @entity1 and those with acute onsets and a shorter duration of @entity221 . 4) As the result of this investigation, it was substantiated that the prognosis in adolescent @entity161 , especially in early adolescence, was unfavorable. 5) Finally, we were impressed by the fact that there were many @entity1 who were treated mainly in ambulatory clinics or who stayed at home in spite of the above-mentioned unfavorable prognosis.

title: On early and mid-adolescent XXXX .--Part II: prognosis, course and defect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disturbances']

entities_list: @entity23440 :: ('MESH:D012562', 'Disease') :: ['hebephrenic']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity73 are common in @entity15 @entity1 without any generally recommended treatment. Recent brain imaging studies show considerable neuroplasticity for cognitive tasks in @entity15 @entity1 , but also @entity1010 already early in the disease progression. We explored the benefits of a home-based cognitive training program for memory and working memory functions in relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 controlling for whole brain and central @entity1010 as covariates. METHODS: Using a single-blinded controlled study design, 42 @entity1 were randomised into a treatment group and a control group. Home based computer training focusing on memory and working memory was started at least 4 weeks after the discontinuation of @entity1667 treatment and lasted for 6 weeks. Two weeks later the @entity1 were re-investigated for their clinical and cognitive performance. We assessed also quality of life (QoL), @entity308 and fatigue using self-rating scales. RESULTS: Training had no effect on the neurological status and on QoL or fatigue. However, the treatment group showed better verbal learning, long-delay verbal memory performance, and working memory performance. The impact of treatment on long-delay verbal memory performance was independent from the extent of @entity1010 , whereas for the other findings @entity1010 played a significant role. CONCLUSIONS: An intensive home-based cognitive training program is suitable to improve the cognitive performance of @entity15 @entity1 . The impact of @entity1010 on rehabilitation outcome may differ for cognitive functions.

title: Cognitive training in XXXX : effects and relation to @entity1010 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: At least one member of the @entity2533 family, @entity2533 , has been previously shown to inhibit the anchorage-independent growth of some @entity1 @entity0 cell lines (Knabbe et al., 1987; Arteaga et al., 1988). Members of the @entity2533 family might, therefore, provide new strategies for @entity0 therapy. We have studied the inhibitory effects of @entity2533 and @entity6474 on the anchorage-independent growth of the @entity2931 receptor-negative cell lines MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, Hs578T, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-468-S4 (an MDA-MB-468 clone not growth inhibited by EGF) and the @entity172 receptor-positive cell lines MCF7, ZR-75-1, T-47D. @entity2533 and @entity6474 caused a 75-90% growth inhibition of MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, Hs578T, and MDA-MB-468 cells and a 50% growth inhibition of ZR-75-1 and early passage (less than 100) MCF7 cells. T-47D cells responded to @entity2533 only in serum-free conditions in the presence of @entity442 or EGF. The growth of MDA-MB-468-S4 cells and late passage (greater than 500) MCF7 cells was not inhibited by @entity2533 or @entity6474 . @entity2533 -sensitive MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells did not respond to Muellerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a @entity2533 -related polypeptide. @entity2533 or @entity6474 were mutually competitive for receptor binding with a similar affinity (Kd 25-130 pM, 1,000-13,000 sites per cell). To determine the time course of the @entity2533 effect, an anchorage-dependent growth assay was carried out using MDA-MB-231 cells. Growth inhibition occurred at 6 days, and cell-cycle changes were seen 12 hr after the addition of @entity2533 . Cells accumulated in the G1 phase and were thus inhibited from entering the S-phase. These data indicate that @entity2533 is a potent growth inhibitor in most @entity0 cell lines and provide a basis for studying @entity2533 effects in vivo.

title: Transforming growth factors type beta 1 and beta 2 are equipotent growth inhibitors of @entity1 XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity68 deficiency @entity417 (IDA) is a global public health concern, being responsible for about 800 000 deaths per year worldwide. To date, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of IDA in Europe. This study therefore aimed to assess the incidence rate and determinants of IDA in four European countries. METHODS: Demographic and clinical information was obtained from four national primary care databases, respectively, for Italy, Belgium, Germany and Spain. IDA-related determinants were estimated using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS: The annual incidence rates of IDA ranged between 7.2 and 13.96 per 1000 @entity1 -years. The estimates were higher in Spain and Germany. Females, younger and older @entity1 were at greater risk of IDA, as well as those suffering from @entity344 , pregnant @entity1 and those with history of menometrorrhagia, and @entity117 and/or antacids users. A Charlson Index >0 was a significant determinant of IDA in all countries. CONCLUSIONS: The use of primary care databases allowed us to assess the incidence rate and determinants of IDA in four European countries. Given the crucial role of general practitioners in the diagnosis and management of this condition, our findings may contribute to increase the awareness of IDA among physicians as well as to reduce its occurrence among at-risk @entity1 .

title: Epidemiology of XXXX deficiency @entity417 in four European countries: a population-based study in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: Evidence is increasing suggesting that adding progestogens to @entity172 can increase the risk of @entity0 . However, our experimental data as a result of scientific collaboration between university of Tuebingen, Germany, and university of Beijing, China, comparing all available progestogens used in hormone therapy and hormonal contraception present high evidence that there may be differences regarding @entity0 risk. Especially of concern may be to differentiate between primary and secondary risk i.e. between the effect of on benign and malignant breast epithelial cells suggesting differences in primary risk and risk in @entity1 after @entity0 . Of importance also is that in contrast to natural @entity1420 the apocrine impact of stromal growth factors and also certain cell components of breast epithelial cells can strongly increase proliferation rates of some (but not all. synthetic progestogens which can lead to clinical @entity5 before (in contrast to @entity172 -only therapy. carcinoprotective mechanisms can work. Regarding clinical data, epidemiological studies and especially the @entity1 's Health Initiative, so far the only prospective placebo-controlled study, demonstrate an increased risk under combined @entity172 /progestogen-, but not under @entity172 -only therapy. However, up to now the clinical studies cannot discriminate between the various progestogens mostly due to too small @entity1 numbers in the subgroups, and in most studies either @entity11796 or @entity8098 have been used. However, there is evidence that the natural @entity1420 and @entity21909 , possibly also the transdermal usage of synthetic progestogens, may have less risks, but this must be proven in further clinical trials.

title: XXXX risk during hormone therapy: experimental versus clinical data.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity21909 :: ('MESH:D004394', 'Chemical') :: ['dydrogesterone']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue dysfunction is an important feature of @entity28 characterized by enlarged adipocytes and marked changes in secretion of cytokines. These changes result in insulin resistance, @entity32 , oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), eventually leading to type 2 @entity6 , @entity28 -related @entity101 , and @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Several trials have shown that bariatric surgery significantly reduces these comorbidities. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms whereby bariatric surgery reduces the burden of @entity65 in @entity28 individuals. METHOD: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from adipose tissue collected from three groups: (1) nonobese control subjects, (2) @entity28 subjects undergoing @entity356 ( @entity356 ), and (3) subjects 1  year or more after @entity356 . In the study, MSCs were induced to adipogenic differentiation, and RAS-related gene expressions were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effect of @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) on adipogenic differentiation of MSCs also was investigated. RESULTS: @entity2178 mRNA levels in MSCs and differentiated adipocytes were significantly higher in the @entity28 group than in the nonobese control subjects. Renin mRNA levels were significantly higher in the @entity28 group MSCs than in the nonobese and post- @entity356 groups. Angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA levels were significantly lower in the MSCs derived from the post- @entity356 group than in the @entity28 and nonobese control subjects. Serum @entity2178 levels were significantly lower in the post- @entity356 group (52.1      4.2  pg/ml) than in the nonobese (85.4      12.4  pg/ml) and @entity28 (84.7      10.0  pg/ml) groups. @entity2178 treatment inhibited adipogenesis of MSCs in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of @entity2178 was mainly abolished by @entity11083 , a receptor 2 blocker. CONCLUSIONS: The adipogenesis of MSCs is inhibited by @entity2178 treatment. Obese individuals are characterized by an upregulation of the RAS-related gene expressions in adipose tissue. This upregulation resolves in post- @entity356 subjects.

title: Adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived human mesenchymal stem cells: effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Ang II', 'Angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bypass surgery', 'GBS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric bypass surgery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Constitutive activation of @entity12363 (caMEK) can induce the oncogenic transformation of normal intestinal epithelial cells. To define the genetic changes that occur during this process, we used oligonucleotide microarrays to determine which genes are regulated following the constitutive activation of @entity8047 in normal intestinal epithelial cells. RESULTS: Microarray analysis was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip and total RNA from @entity3403 inducible RIEtiCAMEK cells in the presence or absence of @entity3403 . @entity8047 -activation induced at least a three-fold difference in 115 gene transcripts (75 transcripts were up-regulated, and 40 transcripts were down-regulated). To verify whether these mRNAs are indeed regulated by the constitutive activation of @entity8047 , RT-PCR analysis was performed using the samples from caMEK expressing RIE cells (RIEcCAMEK cells) as well as RIEtiCAMEK cells. The altered expression level of 69 gene transcripts was confirmed. Sixty-one of the differentially expressed genes have previously been implicated in cellular transformation or tumorogenesis. For the remaining 8 genes (or their @entity1 homolog), RT-PCR analysis was performed on RNA from @entity1 @entity694 cell lines and matched normal and @entity5 @entity694 tissues from @entity1 @entity1 , revealing three novel targets ( @entity35 brain @entity563 protease2, @entity860 deaminase 3, and @entity43751 ). CONCLUSION: Following @entity8047 -activation, many @entity5 -associated genes were found to have significantly altered expression levels. However, we identified three genes that were differentially expressed in caMEK cells and @entity1 @entity14 , which have not been previously linked to cellular transformation or tumorogenesis.

title: Gene expression profiling following constitutive activation of MEK1 and transformation of XXXX intestinal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether identification of comorbidities (in addition to daily Braden scale assessment and early aggressive pressure reduction interventions) would impact the development of facility-acquired pressure @entity1066 (FAPU) of the heel. METHODS: @entity1 admitted to a 333-bed community hospital located 20 miles west of Chicago. Overall, 70 medical records were reviewed, while 242 adult @entity1 (46 in the intervention groups and 196 in the control groups) and 24 nurses participated in the study. The study was conducted in 4 phases, including a retrospective chart audit, 2 prospective interventions, and a product evaluation. Phase 1 entailed a retrospective chart review of @entity1 who were admitted with or developed heel pressure @entity1066 over a 2-year period to identify factors most predictive of skin breakdowns. Phase 2 included two 10-day aggressive assessment and tailored intervention periods. Phase 3 involved prevalence day assessments of effectiveness of interventions as compared to @entity1 on control nursing units. Phase 4 involved a staff survey comparing effectiveness and satisfaction of the current and trial heel pressure-relieving products. FINDINGS: Risk factors for development of heel @entity1066 during hospital stay or prior to admission included @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity1095 ( @entity1095 ), low albumin, and Braden scale score. During implementation of phase 2 (two 10-day assessment and tailored intervention periods), no heel FAPU were associated with the intervention. During the phase 3 FAPU prevalence assessment, 3 @entity1 had facility-acquired heel @entity1066 ; 2 were in the control group and would have met inclusion criteria if included in the intervention. One @entity1 was in the intervention group but was not following the protocol. During phase 4, there were significant preferences for the trial heel pressure relief device on effectiveness, as well as @entity1 and staff satisfaction. CONCLUSION: A pressure ulcer prevention protocol that incorporated accurate assessment of risk factors (Braden Scale and comorbidities) with frequent documentation of heel skin integrity had a positive impact on the incidence of heel FAPU. In addition, early aggressive implementation of pressure-reducing and pressure-relieving devices was effective in reducing FAPU rates.

title: Evaluation of a protocol for prevention of facility-acquired heel pressure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: @entity293 is a major health problem among @entity1 , accounting for considerable morbidity and health care costs. We review recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of these infections. In @entity293 , empiric short-course therapy (single-dose or 3-day therapy) with one of several antibiotics is recommended in the absence of complicating factors. When complicating factors are present, the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the infecting organism should be determined and therapy with an appropriate agent should be provided for 7 days. @entity869 and related drugs are probably inferior to @entity206 - @entity207 in the treatment of occult @entity8 . In acute @entity2885 , most @entity1 require hospitalization and treatment with intravenous antibiotics until they can take oral medications. In uncomplicated cases, a single broad-spectrum intravenous agent can be used initially, followed by an oral agent selected on the basis of antibiotic-susceptibility testing results. @entity1 with uncomplicated acute @entity2885 who are less ill can be managed with oral therapy as outpatients, again with reference to the results of antibiotic-susceptibility testing. Complicated acute @entity2885 requires more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Therapy for uncomplicated acute @entity2885 should be given for 14 days. The role of post-therapy cultures in the management of urinary tract infection is not well defined, but cultures probably can be safely omitted in most cases of uncomplicated acute @entity2335 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 : diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal infection']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Acute urinary tract infection', 'acute lower urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['Urinary tract infections']