abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in the antibiotic susceptibility of @entity328 , @entity327 and @entity4195 from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) in community-acquired @entity1729 (CA-RTIs) between 2002 and 2015 in Pakistan. METHODS: This is a review based on previously published studies from 2002-03, 2004-06 and 2007-09 and also new data from 2014-15. Susceptibility was determined by Etest(  ) or disc diffusion according to CLSI and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/ @entity1726 ) breakpoints. RESULTS: A total of 706 isolates from CA-RTIs comprising 381 @entity2260 , 230 @entity327 and 95 @entity4195 were collected between 2002 and 2015 and tested against a range of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance in @entity2260 rose steeply from 2002 to 2009, with isolates non-susceptible to @entity114 and @entity7187 increasing from 10% to 34.1% and from 13%-14% to 29.7%, respectively. Susceptibility to @entity115 / @entity798 (and by inference @entity115 ) remained between 99.4% and 100% from 2002 to 2015. Over the years, the prevalence of susceptibility to @entity2261 was 98%-100% among @entity2260 . Resistance in @entity2260 to some older antibiotics between 2007 and 2009 was high (86.8% for @entity206 / @entity207 and 57.2% for @entity803 ). Between 2002 and 2015, @entity869 resistance (b-lactamase-positive strains) among @entity327 has remained low (between 2.6% and 3.2%) and almost unchanged over the years ( @entity327 was not tested during 2004-06). For @entity4195 isolates, @entity7646 resistance reached 22%; however, susceptibility to @entity114 , @entity115 / @entity798 and @entity2261 remained stable at 100%. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity2260 from Pakistan, there has been a clear reduction in susceptibility to key antibiotics since 2002, but not to @entity115 / @entity798 ( @entity115 ) or @entity2261 . However, susceptibility in @entity327 has remained stable. Local antibiotic susceptibility/resistance data are essential to support informed prescribing for @entity1729 .

title: Antibiotic susceptibility in XXXX , @entity327 and @entity4195 in Pakistan: a review of results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2002-15.

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'CA-RTIs and other infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: @entity30255 ( @entity30255 ) is the clinical manifestation of infection of certain ruminant species with one of a group of pathogenic gammaherpesviruses known as @entity30255 viruses. @entity291 and numerous exotic ruminant species are susceptible to clinical disease that may be sporadic or occasionally epidemic in nature. The most common @entity30255 virus worldwide is ovine herpesvirus ( @entity10883 . Reservoir hosts such as @entity742 , carry and excrete @entity10883 , but do not develop clinical signs, while clinically susceptible species develop severe and often fatal disease. The existence of @entity281 in clinically susceptible hosts is poorly understood, but is documented in some ruminant species. Twenty-six animals from a captive herd of @entity4325 ( @entity4325 ) died and were examined from October 2006 to December 2010. Fifteen of these animals (58%) showed clinical signs and gross and @entity75 consistent with @entity30255 , while 11 (42%) did not. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification yielded product consistent with @entity10883 DNA in samples of spleen from all 26 deer. To examine the possibility of @entity281 in this herd, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined by PCR for @entity10883 DNA, and the test was positive in 23/32 (72%) clinically normal deer. Archived serum samples were used to examine the history of @entity30255 exposure in the herd using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which demonstrated that 10/40 (25%) deer tested had @entity30255 viral antibodies, with nine deer being seropositive over multiple years. Combined with previous observations in deer and other species, these results suggest the existence of @entity281 of @entity4325 with @entity10883 .

title: Active and latent @entity10883 ( @entity10883 ) infection in a herd of captive XXXX ( @entity4325 ).

entities_list: @entity4325 :: ('9874', 'Species') :: ['white-tailed deer', 'Odocoileus virginianus']

entities_list: @entity30255 :: ('MESH:D008304', 'Disease') :: ['MCF', 'Malignant catarrhal fever']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['microscopical lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['latent infection']

answer: @entity4325 :: (9874,Species) :: ['white-tailed deer']


abstract: One hundred and three cases of @entity1893 were evaluated immunohistochemically using a panel of monoclonal antibodies which includes leucocyte common antigen (LCA), @entity8236 (Pan-B marker), L-26 ( @entity25234 -Pan-B marker) and @entity10500 (Pan-T marker). Of the total 63 cases (61.17%) showed a B-cell phenotype while 40 (38.83%) were of T-cell origin. Most B-cell @entity5 belonged to intermediate (79.36%) or high grade (15.87%) according to the International Working Formulation (WF). Most @entity784 were of either intermediate (52.5%) or high grade ( @entity19 %) @entity5 . Some @entity784 presented as specific clinicopathological entities like @entity2884 (2 cases), @entity3217 fungoides (1 case) and @entity1893 (1 case). In 27 cases the immunostaining pattern of two. Pan-B markers i.e., L26 and @entity8236 was compared. L26 staining was expressed in all 27 cases (100% sensitivity) while @entity8236 showed positive reaction in 22 cases (82% sensitivity). @entity10500 is proved to be a sensitive and lineage specific T-cell marker and in 67% cases the staining pattern was moderate (+2) to intense (+3). The mean age for the @entity1892 was 49 years and 36 years in @entity784 . Male to female ratio in both types of @entity706 was 2:1. The study indicates a high prevalence of T-cell when comparing the data from western countries and lower to those from Japan and Caribbean countries.

title: Immunophenotypic analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2884 :: ('MESH:D008230', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'T-cell neoplasm', 'T-cell neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['AILD type NHL', "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the @entity5 nursing research papers published in the past decade; identify their characteristics in terms of country of origin, @entity1 , settings, diagnostic foci, and methodologic choices; and evaluate their quality. A systematic review was carried out of all published papers in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature between the years 1994 and 2003, using the keywords " @entity5 ," "nursing," and "research." A total of 619 papers met inclusion criteria and were evaluated by 5 researchers. Almost half the papers were derived from the United States (49.1%), followed by the UK, Sweden, Canada, and Australia. In more than half of the published papers (52.2%), health professionals (mostly nurses) were the studies' @entity1 . Also, much of the published research used @entity1 with mixed diagnosis, or @entity1 with @entity0 . Two-thirds of the studies were quantitative, whereas most studies were descriptive in nature. The quality of both quantitative and qualitative studies was low, with only a small percentage meeting the highest quality criteria. Studies reporting funding and those published in journals with an impact factor showed a higher quality score than those not reporting funding or not published in journals with an impact factor. @entity5 nursing research is still in a developmental stage, although it has made a considerable contribution to the evidence base of the discipline. A number of issues need to be tackled before we improve our output, such as organizational or workforce issues, infrastructure support, funding, and methodologic challenges.

title: A systematic review of worldwide XXXX nursing research: 1994 to 2003.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or hematologic cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) have been reported in @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ) type 1A and axonal subtypes of @entity5108 , respectively. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate both prevalence and severity of @entity27 , @entity4531 and periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) in adult @entity1 with genetically proven @entity32852 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 61 @entity1 with @entity32852 and 61 insomnic control subjects were matched for age, sex, and Body Mass Index. @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity5108 was assessed using the Functional Disability Scale (FDS). @entity4531 diagnosis was based on a screening questionnaire and structured clinical interviews. All @entity1 underwent overnight polysomnography. RESULTS: @entity27 was present in 37.7% of @entity1 with @entity32852 and 4.9% of controls (p<0.0001). The mean Apnoea Hypoponea Index (AHI) was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity32852 than in control individuals (9.1/h vs 1.2/h). @entity4531 was present in 40.9% of @entity1 with @entity32852 and in 16.4% of controls (p<0.001). In the @entity32852 group, @entity27 was significantly more common in @entity1 and @entity4531 in @entity1 . The AHI correlated with both age and the FDS score, the latter being a significant independent predictor of @entity27 . PLMS were found in 41.0% of @entity1 with @entity32852 , but were not correlated with measures of @entity25 . CONCLUSIONS: In addition to known risk factors, @entity5108 may predispose to @entity27 . @entity4531 is highly prevalent not only in axonal subtypes of @entity5108 but also in primarily demyelinating subforms of @entity5108 . PLMS are common in @entity32852 , but do not significantly impair @entity25 .

title: XXXX in @entity5108 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease', 'CMT']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome', 'RLS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Sleep disorders']


abstract: Results of ovulation studies in the @entity1707 from 1935-1975 are reviewed. The @entity1707 studies set out to determine the age at which the ovaries might respond to gonadotropic hormones and when ovulation could be produced. It was found that a response may be obtained once the foll icle reaches the vesicular stage. The fertility of ovulations produced in the luteal and follicular phase of the estrous cycle was tested and low luteal phase egg fertility noted. Early postpartum estrus suggested the possibility of increasing the numbers of litters/year. However, estrus proved to be without ovulation. The effects of feed level on ovulation rate has shown increased ovulations with high energy feed. Possible causes of differences in ovulation rate due to feed intake and breed are: 1) differences in level of gonadotropic hormones; and 2) differences in ovarian sensitivity. In experiments measuring follicular development in gilts receiving 100 mg @entity1420 or @entity1420 plus 1150 I.U. pregnant mare serum gonadotropins, the breed differences in ovulation rate could be based on the number of sensitive follicles present. An experimental herd composed on non-inbred descendents (both purebred and crossbred) was used to determine if variability in ovulation rate could be attributed to breed and to feed levels and if other traits of the reproductive mechanism were covariates of ovulation rate. Developmental differences between the breeds showed insignificant differences in ovary weight at birth but differences appearing by Day 42 and continuing to maturity. Only insignificant differences in percent of follicular @entity1146 was found between the different feed levels. Follicle size was studied. Maternal effects had negative associations with additive genetic effects upon mature follicle number and may be a h emeostatic mechanism to protect the female from litters of large size.

title: The seventh annual Carl G. Hartman lecture. Ovulation studies with particular reference to the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Nine @entity1 had a surgical correction of high @entity940 following perforating keratoplasty. In seven of them the reason for the perforating keratoplasty was @entity9042 , in two of them @entity13189 . The correction was performed in the seven 31-69 yrs old @entity9042 @entity1 4-19 years (median 10 yrs) after the transplant, in the @entity1 with @entity13189 13 month and 1 year following corneal transplant. In eight cases two circular shaped relaxing incisions of 60 degrees were performed in the steeper meridian, seven times combined with sutures in the opposite meridian. Once a wedge resection was performed. The @entity940 before correcting surgery was 8-19 dpt (median 13 dpt), 3-24 month (median 11 month) 1.75-13 dpt (median 8 dpt). The reduction of @entity940 was 3-10 dpt (median 8 dpt). In 5 of 9 @entity1 the @entity940 could be corrected by spectacles, in two more @entity1 no spectacles were prescribed because of @entity231 . After this series of astigmatic correction we think that incisions without sutures are superior. This method could replace rekeratoplsty in the future.

title: [Correction of XXXX after penetrating keratoplasty].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ["Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy", "Fuchs' dystrophy"]

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemiarthroplasty has been shown superior to internal fixation for displaced @entity2249 ( @entity2249 ) in the first 2 years. However, there are unanswered questions about the performance of hemiarthroplasty over the longer term compared with internal fixation. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We sought to compare hemiarthroplasty with internal fixation in terms of (1) outcomes scores for @entity158 , hip function, and quality of life at a minimum of 5 years after surgery in a randomized trial. A secondary purpose was to compare (2) @entity1 survival and (3) frequency of reoperation in the two groups. METHODS: A total of 222 consecutive @entity1 older than 60 years, including those @entity73 , with @entity2249 were randomized to either internal fixation with two parallel @entity162 . At a minimum followup of 4.9 years (mean, 5.9 years; range, 4.9-7.2 years), 68 of the 70 surviving @entity1 were examined by a study nurse and study physiotherapist blinded to initial treatment. Questionnaires on hip function (Harris hip score), quality of life (Eq5D), and activity of daily living function (Barthel ADL) were administered. The Barthel ADL index score was split into good function (score 95 or 100) and reduced function (score below 95). RESULTS: The mean survival of the groups was similar with 66.4% (73 of 110) of the @entity1 undergoing hemiarthroplasty and 70.5% (79 of 112) of the @entity1 undergoing internal fixation having died since surgery (p = 0.51). Only 12 of 31 living @entity1 in the internal fixation group had retained their native hips at a mean of 6 years. Between 2 and 6 years, there were two new major reoperations (both in the internal fixation group, for @entity2530 and @entity2737 ). The mean Harris hip score was 66 (SD 19) and 67 (SD 20) in the internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty groups, respectively (p = 0.96). The mean Eq5D index was 0.50 (SD 0.40) in the internal fixation group and 0.34 (SD 0.36) in the hemiarthroplasty group (p = 0.10). Function in terms of ADLs was comparable between the groups; of the @entity1 in the internal fixation group, 42% reported good function on the Barthel ADL index, and the corresponding number in the hemiarthroplasty group was 51% (p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Hemiarthroplasty has predictable and good long-term results after @entity2249 and is the treatment of choice compared with internal fixation. Further studies will evaluate if total hip arthroplasty has advantages over hemiarthroplasty in @entity1 with @entity174 with long life expectancy.

title: Randomized trial of hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation for XXXX : no differences at 6 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['screws or bipolar hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures', 'FNF']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitively impaired']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['deep wound infection']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  denoise self-gated k-space sorted 4-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (SG-KS-4D-MRI) by applying a nonlocal means denoising filter, block-matching and 3-dimensional filtering (BM3D), to test its impact on the accuracy of 4D image deformable registration and automated @entity5 segmentation for @entity788 @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Nine @entity1 with @entity788 and abdominal SG-KS-4D-MRI were included in the study. Block-matching and 3D filtering was adapted to search in the axial slices/frames adjacent to the reference image patch in the spatial and temporal domains. The patches with high similarity to the reference patch were used to collectively denoise the 4D-MRI image. The @entity5 was manually contoured on the first end-of-exhalation phase for both the raw and the denoised 4D-MRI. B-spline deformable registration was applied to the subsequent phases for contour propagation. The consistency of @entity5 volume defined by the standard deviation of gross @entity5 volumes from 10 breathing phases (  _GTV), @entity5 motion trajectories in 3 cardinal motion planes, 4D-MRI imaging noise, and image contrast-to-noise ratio were compared between the raw and denoised groups. RESULTS: Block-matching and 3D filtering visually and quantitatively reduced image noise by 52% and improved image contrast-to-noise ratio by 56%, without compromising soft tissue edge definitions. Automatic @entity5 segmentation is statistically more consistent on the denoised 4D-MRI (  _GTV  =  0.6  cm(3)) than on the raw 4D-MRI (  _GTV  =  0.8  cm(3)). @entity5 end-of-exhalation location is also more reproducible on the denoised 4D-MRI than on the raw 4D-MRI in all 3 cardinal motion planes. CONCLUSIONS: Block-matching and 3D filtering can significantly reduce random image noise while maintaining structural features in the SG-KS-4D-MRI datasets. In this study of @entity788 segmentation, automatic segmentation of GTV in the registered image sets is shown to be more consistent on the denoised 4D-MRI than on the raw 4D-MRI.

title: Nonlocal Means Denoising of Self-Gated and k-Space Sorted 4-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Block-Matching and 3-Dimensional Filtering: Implications for XXXX Registration and Segmentation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'pancreas tumor']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Tumor']


abstract: Forty-four @entity1 with @entity12040 were investigated by digitised intravenous angiography (DIVA) during a diagnostic and pretherapeutic work up (N = 29) or at surgery (N = 15); the aim of this retrospective study was to assess the role of DIVA in the investigation of this condition. The @entity1 were 36 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; the average age was 31 years. The intravenous injections were performed in a central vein in 74% and in a peripheral vein in 26% of @entity1 ; the average amount of contrast medium injected was 140 ml per investigation (32 g of @entity1496 %). Depending on the site of the lesions, the distribution of the 43 successfully investigated @entity1 was as follows: Type I: 13 (20%), Type II: 6 (14%), Type III: 12 (28%), Type IV: 12 (28%). In the group of @entity1 managed medically (N = 14) no other angiographic investigations were considered. In the group with an indication for surgery or percutaneous angioplasty (N = 15), the procedure was carried out without further angiography in 13 cases; in 2 @entity1 the imaging of the distral vessels was inadequate and complementary angiography was required. All postoperative controls (N = 15) but one were satisfactory. These results show that DIVA is sufficiently reliable for it to be considered as an investigation of first intent in @entity1 with suspected @entity12040 . The investigation is well tolerated and can be repeated when necessary to determine the optimal time for surgery. Arterial angiography should seem only to be indicated when the venous approach has failed, which was rare in this series.

title: [Digitized intravenous angiography in XXXX . Apropos of 44 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's disease"]

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether circulating levels of @entity251 (total, bioavailable), @entity53 (total, bioavailable), and @entity9027 (DHEAS) are associated with fasting plasma @entity1255 (tHcy) levels in middle-aged and elderly @entity1 . DESIGN: A population-based sample of 400 independently living @entity1 between 40 and 80 years of age in a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Total @entity251 , @entity443 ( @entity443 ), and total @entity53 were measured by RIA methods and bioavailable @entity251 and @entity53 were calculated. DHEAS was measured using an immunometric technique. Fasting @entity1255 was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Anthropometric characteristics were also measured and two standardized questionnaires completed, including life-style factors and diet. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), @entity1011 clearance, and mean visceral fat was used to assess the association of endogenous sex hormones and fasting plasma @entity1255 levels. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, BMI, @entity1011 clearance, and mean visceral fat no statistically significant association was observed between @entity251 (total, bioavailable), @entity2990 , and @entity53 (total, bioavailable)levels with natural log tHcy ( @entity2263 x 10(-3); 95% confidence intervals (CI) -9 x 10(-3); 5 x 10(-3)), (beta = -4 x 10(-3); 95% CI -18 x 10(-3); 9 x 10(-3)), ( @entity1093 x 10(-3); 95% CI -6 x 10(-3); 12 x 10(-3)), (beta = -9.3 x 10(-5); 95% CI -1 x 10(-3); 1 x 10(-3)), and (beta = 0.00; 95% CI -3 x 10(-3); 2 x 10(-3)) respectively. Additional adjustment for smoking, @entity167 intake, daily physical activity, @entity6 , and @entity101 did not change these findings. CONCLUSION: The results of our study do not support a direct role for circulating sex hormone levels in the regulation of fasting plasma tHcy concentrations in middle-aged and elderly @entity1 .

title: Serum sex hormone and plasma XXXX levels in middle-aged and elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: Orthotopic @entity150 xenografts are essential for testing novel therapies and molecular manipulations of cell lines in vivo. Current xenografts rely on @entity5 cell inoculation by intravesical instillation or direct injection into the bladder wall. Instillation is limited by the lack of cell lines that are tumorigenic when delivered in this manner. The invasive model inflicts morbidity on the @entity19 by the need for laparotomy and mobilization of the bladder. Furthermore this procedure is complex and time-consuming. Three @entity150 cell lines (UM-UC1, UM-UC3, UM-UC13) were inoculated into 50 athymic @entity19 by percutaneous injection under ultrasound guidance. PBS was first injected between the muscle wall and the mucosa to separate these layers, and @entity5 cells were subsequently injected into this space. Bioluminescence and ultrasound were used to monitor @entity5 growth. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to study changes in @entity5 perfusion after systemic @entity136 / @entity900 treatment. To demonstrate proof of principle that therapeutic agents can be injected into established xenografts under ultrasound guidance, oncolytic virus (VSV) was injected into UM-UC3 @entity5 . Xenograft tissue was harvested for immunohistochemistry after 23-37 days. Percutaneous injection of @entity5 cells into the bladder wall was performed efficiently (mean time: 5.7 min) and without complications in all 50 animals. Ultrasound and bioluminescence confirmed presence of @entity5 in the anterior bladder wall in all animals 3 days later. The average @entity5 volumes increased steadily over the study period. UM-UC13 @entity5 showed a marked decrease in volume and perfusion after chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining for VSV-G demonstrated virus uptake in all UM-UC3 @entity5 after intratumoral injection. We have developed a novel method for creating @entity150 xenograft in a minimally invasive fashion. In our hands this has replaced the traditional model requiring laparotomy, because this model is more time efficient, more precise and associated with less morbidity for the @entity19 .

title: Ultrasound-guided intramural inoculation of XXXX xenografts: a novel high-precision approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['orthotopic bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['orthotopic bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Turbinate surgery, in which mucous epithelium is resected, has often been used for @entity1 with @entity9590 , since the mucous epithelium is the principal site for immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated @entity56 and chronic @entity32 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of submucous turbinectomy on @entity2023 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with severe @entity9590 underwent submucous turbinectomy and were followed-up for 1 year. Nasal symptoms were evaluated with a standard symptom score. Rhinometry was used to evaluate nasal congestion, and nasal provocation tests in vivo were performed to evaluate @entity56 . In 16 cases, biopsies from the nose were also available for immunohistochemical analysis. These examinations were performed before and after submucous turbinectomy. RESULTS: The mean total nasal symptom score (7.2 +/- 1.7, mean +/- SD before surgery) was significantly reduced after surgery (1.2 +/- 1.4, P < 0.0001), and the effect of the surgery on nasal symptoms continued for at least 12 months (1.9 +/- 1.8, P < 0.0001). Submucous turbinectomy reduced both nasal discharge and sneezing, as well as nasal stiffness. Histopathological examination following surgery revealed that the lamina propria was occupied by fibrous tissues, and that the number of vessels, nasal glands, eosinophils and infiltrating IgE+ cells decreased in the turbinate. There were no significant differences in the levels of either house dust mite-specific or non-specific IgE in the serum between before and after surgery. CONCLUSION: Submucous turbinectomy preserving the ciliary epithelium is a powerful strategy for improving nasal symptoms induced by @entity56 via the reduction in the number of @entity566 -related cells in the nose.

title: Submucous turbinectomy decreases not only nasal stiffness but also sneezing and rhinorrhea in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity9590 :: (MESH:D012221,Disease) :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest that the @entity5 rate in @entity1376 is not significantly different from that observed in solitary nodules and that @entity2008 are not infrequent in @entity1376 . To further investigate this topic we determined the DNA pattern in multinodular goitres. DESIGN: DNA ploidy and cell cycle activity parameters were @entity204 . @entity1 : We evaluated 235 @entity1 (185 female, 50 male, mean age 52 +/- 13 years), who had undergone thyroidectomy; 11 of them harboured occult differentiated @entity7172 . MEASUREMENTS: DNA index (DI), coefficient of variation of G0/G1 phase (CV), percentage of cells in S phase (%S) and in G2+M phase (%G2-M) and proliferative index (PI = %S+%G2-M) were determined by flow cytometric analysis (FCM) in tissue samples taken from 3 different areas of the thyroid gland. RESULTS: Aneuploid DNA was found in 50 goitres without @entity189 (22.3%) and in 5 goitres with @entity189 (45.5%). The mean PI of euploid cells in the goitre without @entity189 was significantly higher in the goitres with an aneuploid component compared to the goitres without @entity2007 (10.8 +/- 1.3 SEM vs 6 +/- 0.32; P +/- 0.001). Also, the percentage difference between maximal and minimal PI found within each goitre (delta PI %) was higher in the former group (373 +/- 49 SEM vs 142 +/- 11.3; P < 0.0001). The PI was significantly higher in goitres with @entity189 compared to the goitres without @entity189 (12.9 +/- 3.2 SEM vs 7.07 +/- 0.40; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of increased proliferation rate in goitres with an aneuploid or neoplastic component suggests that some factors involved in goitrogenesis could also be responsible for the development of @entity2008 and/or for the selection of cellular clones endowed with high growth potential.

title: Heterogeneity of nuclear DNA pattern and its relationship with cell cycle activity parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goitre']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['microcarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal aberrations']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['determined in multinodular goitres']

answer: @entity1376 :: (MESH:C564546,Disease) :: ['multinodular goitre']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity877 ( @entity877 ) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) are markers of endothelial and @entity358 with prognostic implications in adult @entity649 ( @entity649 ), but unclear significance in pediatric @entity649 (PARDS). METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study in @entity1 with PARDS (2012 Berlin and 2015 PALICC definitions) at the @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia. Plasma was collected within 48  h of PARDS onset and biomarkers quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In 82 @entity1 with PARDS (12 @entity204 , 15  %), @entity877 and sRAGE were higher in non-survivors than survivors (p  <  0.01 for both). Mortality was highest in @entity1 with @entity877 and sRAGE levels both above median values. @entity877 and sRAGE correlated with the number of non-pulmonary organ failures (both p  <  0.001). @entity877 was higher in indirect @entity651 and in immunocompromised @entity1 . In stratified analysis, both @entity877 and sRAGE were associated with mortality only in @entity651 and in immunocompetent @entity1 , with no association evident in indirect @entity651 or in immunocompromised @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity877 and sRAGE in early PARDS were higher in non-survivors than survivors and strongly correlated with number of non-pulmonary organ failures. When stratified by type of @entity651 , @entity877 and sRAGE were associated with mortality only in @entity651 . Similarly, when stratified by immunocompromised status, @entity877 and sRAGE were associated with mortality only in immunocompetent @entity1 . The utility of these biomarkers for prognostication and risk stratification requires investigation.

title: Circulating markers of endothelial and alveolar epithelial dysfunction are associated with mortality in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['direct lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary epithelial damage']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The predictors of @entity5 are important for the decision of appropriate management in nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS). Our aim was to determine the ultrasonographical, clinical, and biochemical predictors of @entity5 in these @entity1 . A total of 427 @entity1 with cytologically Bethesda Category III (AUS/FLUS) thyroid nodules were included in this retrospective study. We divided the nodules into two subgroups according to the histopathology as benign and malignant, and compared the preoperative ultrasonographical, clinical, and biochemical findings. In overall, 427 @entity1 with 449 AUS/FLUS nodules who had undergone surgery, the rate of @entity5 was 23.4  % (105/449). When evaluated separately, the rate of @entity5 was 25.8  % in nodules with AUS (82/318) and 17.6  % in nodules with FLUS (23/131) (p  =  0.061). The vast majority of malignant specimens in histopathology consisted of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) (n  =  91, 86.7  %). Preoperative ultrasonographic features of 105 malignant nodules in histopathology were compared with the 344 benign nodules in histopathology. Anteroposterior/Transverse (AP/T) ratio was significantly higher in malignant group compared to benign group (p  =  0.013). In multiple logistic analysis, we found that higher AP/T ratio and microcalcification were independently associated with @entity5 (p  <  0.05). The @entity5 -associated cut-off value of AP/T ratio at maximum sensitivity and specificity was >= 0.81. We did not find any correlation between @entity5 and @entity2621 in histopathology in multivariate analysis (p  >  0.05). In Bethesda Category III nodules with higher AP/T ratio and microcalcification, surgery might be considered as a first therapeutic option instead of repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy or observation.

title: Malignancy is associated with microcalcification and higher AP/T ratio in ultrasonography, but not with @entity2621 in histopathology in XXXX with thyroid nodules evaluated as Bethesda Category III (AUS/FLUS) in cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Uncontrolled @entity189 of the shoulder girdle is a difficult oncologic problem. This study reviews our experience with palliative forequarter amputation with emphasis on @entity1 selection criteria, preoperative radiologic assessment, surgical technique, @entity86 , and clinical outcome. METHODS: Eight @entity1 who underwent palliative forequarter amputation for @entity189 between 1980 and 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Diagnoses included @entity0 (n = 3), @entity957 (n = 2), @entity1358 (n = 2), and @entity189 of unknown origin (n = 1). All @entity1 presented with severe, intractable @entity158 and a useless extremity. Venography demonstrated obliteration of the axillary vein in each of the @entity1 in whom this procedure was performed. Exploration of the brachial plexus confirmed @entity5 encasement and unresectability in all @entity1 . Epineural catheters for @entity1341 infusion were placed for @entity282 control. RESULTS: All @entity1 experienced @entity158 relief and improved mobility and overall function. Life-threatening @entity548 and @entity295 were alleviated. There were no instances of phantom limb @entity158 or adverse psychological reactions, and no complications related to @entity1337 . CONCLUSIONS: Palliative forequarter amputation is relatively safe and reliable and provides effective @entity158 relief for selected @entity1 with unresectable metastatic @entity189 and bony shoulder girdle in whom radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy has not been effective. The triad of @entity158 , motor loss, and an obliterated axillary vein is indicative of @entity5300 and unresectability.

title: Palliative forequarter amputation for XXXX to the shoulder girdle region: indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical technique, and results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['epineural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'carcinoma to the axilla']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephroma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['epineural postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'dramatic pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['metastatic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) release from the vagus nerve slows heart rate and @entity713 . @entity3451 stimulates a variety of receptors and channels, including an inward rectifying current [ @entity3451 -dependent K    current (IK, @entity3451 )]. The effect of @entity3451 in the ventricle is still debated. We compared the effect of @entity3451 on action potentials in @entity235 atria, Purkinje, and ventricular tissue as well as on ionic currents in isolated cells. Action potentials were recorded from ventricular slices, Purkinje fibers, and arterially perfused atrial preparations. Whole cell currents were recorded under voltage-clamp conditions, and unloaded cell shortening was determined on isolated cells. The effect of @entity3451 (1-10  M) as well as @entity3451 plus tertiapin, an IK, @entity3451 -specific toxin, was tested. In atrial tissue, @entity3451 hyperpolarized the membrane potential and shortened the action potential duration (APD). In Purkinje and ventricular tissues, no significant effect of @entity3451 was observed. Addition of @entity3451 to atrial cells activated a large inward rectifying current (from -3.5    0.7 to -23.7    4.7 pA/pF) that was abolished by @entity13472 . This current was not observed in other cell types. A small inhibition of @entity9495      current (ICa) was observed in the atria, endocardium, and epicardium after @entity3451 . ICa inhibition increased at faster pacing rates. At a basic cycle length of 400 ms, @entity3451 (1  M) reduced ICa to 68% of control. In conclusion, IK, @entity3451 is highly expressed in atria and is negligible/absent in Purkinje, endocardial, and epicardial cells. In all cardiac tissues, @entity3451 caused rate-dependent inhibition of ICa.

title: Tissue-specific effects of @entity934 in the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity13472 :: ('MESH:C029738', 'Chemical') :: ['tertiapin']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular conduction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of @entity835 on the short term outcome in terms of relapses, use of services, compliance and functioning in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHODS: A case control study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry PGMI Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2004 to October 2004. Fifty @entity161 @entity1 with co-morbid misuse of cannabis were selected. Fifty @entity161 @entity1 who were not using cannabis were selected as control group for the study. Data regarding socio-demographic detail, relapse, compliance to drugs and service utilization was collected with the help of a Performa. Problem cannabis use in the past year and social assessment of functioning were assessed with the help of Schedule for Clinical assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale respectively. RESULTS: @entity161 @entity1 with cannabis use were younger on admission and had younger age at onset of illness. They had more number of relapses and more contacts with @entity146 services including the police. @entity1 with comorbid cannabis use had poor drug compliance and their relapses were preceded by poor drug compliance Cases and control did not differ significantly on score of Global assessment of functioning. CONCLUSION: Comorbidity of cannabis seems to have adverse effects on almost all domains of the illness including course, service use and drug compliance.

title: @entity161 and comorbid self reported XXXX : impact on course, functioning and services use.

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis abuse']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis abuse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD ( @entity938 ) is a newly identified @entity5 suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated by de novo promoter methylation in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 79 @entity1 with @entity1149 who had undergone surgery with curative intent. The @entity938 promoter methylation status was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses (all 2-sided) were performed to determine the prognostic effect of hypermethylation on various clinical parameters. RESULTS: @entity938 promoter hypermethylation was detectable by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 9 of 70 (12.9%) normal lungs and in 33 of 70 (47.1%) matching @entity5 samples of @entity1 with @entity1149 . The mean @entity938 methylation level was significantly higher in @entity5 than in matching normal tissue (P < 0.001). @entity938 methylation in normal tissue was always accompanied with @entity938 methylation in matching @entity5 tissue. @entity1 without @entity938 promoter hypermethylation showed a significantly better survival than @entity1 with @entity938 promoter hypermethylation (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed @entity938 promoter methylation as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity938 promoter hypermethylation is a common event in @entity1 with primary @entity1149 , and this epigenetic alteration is associated with inferior survival, suggesting that @entity938 promoter hypermethylation might be an important biomarker for a biologic, aggressive disease in @entity1149 .

title: Prognostic value of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD gene promoter methylation in resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness and knowledge regarding @entity1082 ), HPV related conditions and HPV vaccine among nursing students, and to identify their attitudes towards HPV vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out at a tertiary @entity1 's Health Care Center in Ankara, @entity233 . Self-administered questionnaires were filled out individually by the nursing students and by a control group including similar aged @entity1 . Data regarding demographic information, knowledge and awareness about @entity1083 and HPV vaccine, attitudes towards vaccination, acceptance of HPV vaccine and assessment of HPV vaccination attitudes of the nurses with respect to the gender of their @entity1 was assessed and recorded. RESULTS: A total of 752 @entity1 was included in the analysis. Five hundred and twenty (69.14%) of the @entity1 were nursing students and the rest (n=232; 30.8%) were control group. The mean ages of the nursing students and the control group were 19.4 (16-27) and 19.4 (16-25) years, respectively. Majority of the nursing students knew the causal relationship between @entity5 . Seventy-eight percent of the nursing students and 22.4% of the control group stated that they had heard of HPV vaccine. While the rate of the willingness to be vaccinated was 33.7% in the nursing student group, it was only 13.4% in the control group. CONCLUSION: The awareness and knowledge about HPV, its relation with @entity5 and prevention of @entity5 by HPV vaccine were favorable among nursing students at a tertiary hospital in Ankara, @entity233 . However, although aware of the theoretical implications, they did not seem to apply it to practice, such as not having regular gynecologic examinations and Pap smears. Thus, further studies are needed to evaluate the factors that affect practical applications of health care professionals responsible for providing health education to the public.

title: A survey on XXXX awareness and acceptance of vaccination among nursing students in a tertiary hospital in Ankara, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV and cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Climatic @entity2372 (CDK) is a @entity179 with possible involvement from matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, the authors investigated histologic distribution, levels, and molecular forms of @entity1476 and @entity1495 , as well as tear fluid levels of MMPs and cytokines in CDK @entity1 . They additionally examined UV-B-irradiation effect on production of gelatinases and cytokines by @entity1 corneal epithelial (HCE) cell culture model. METHODS: Tears were collected from 20 unrelated individuals (10 with CDK and 10 controls). CDK affected corneas were @entity6175 -eosin stained and the presence and distribution of @entity1476 and @entity1495 was examined using immunohistochemistry. Gelatinases and cytokine secretion was measured in tears and supernatants from UV-B-exposed HCEs by immunoblotting, gelatin zymography, and protein array, respectively. RESULTS: @entity1476 and @entity1495 values were significantly higher in tears collected from CDK @entity1 than healthy controls and were accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Immunohistochemistry showed that @entity1476 was expressed at the basement membrane zone in both control and affected corneas, but also marked the edges of the granular CDK deposits; @entity1495 expression was restrained to basal layers of the epithelium and was markedly induced in CDK corneas. In HCE cells, UV-B increased gelatinase secretion, with a striking effect on @entity1495 , and was preceded by pro-inflammatory cytokine release. CONCLUSIONS: The authors demonstrate that the corneal epithelium could participate in CDK development as a source of cytokines and gelatinases. Additionally, in HCE cells, UV-B- modulated cytokine and subsequent MMP secretion. Local inhibition of cytokine secretion and gelatinases may prevent CDK progression.

title: Pro-inflammatory cytokines and gelatinases in climatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['droplet keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease of the cornea']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity2372 :: (MESH:C562399,Disease) :: ['droplet keratopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: 1. To evaluate the characteristics of the demand, coverage and acceptability of random detection of @entity0 at a health centre (HC) between January 1995 and December 1996. 2. To describe the cases of @entity0 diagnosed since the setting up in 1988 of random demands for screening mammographies. DESIGN: Crossover study. SETTING: La Mina Primary Care Centre, Barcelona. @entity1 : A sample of 340 @entity1 of a population of 2796 @entity1 between 45 and 75 with a clinical history at the HC were studied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The profile of @entity1 with @entity5 was: aged 59 +/- 8.5; 279 @entity1 attended, 273 medicine, 132 medicine and gynaecology, and 6 gynaecology. Mammographies requested were: 143 (118 through gynaecology, 12 medicine and 13 outside the centre), which was 51% of @entity1 who attended and 42% of the sample. The reason for mammography was screening (129) and symptoms (14). Screening mammographies actually done (acceptance) were 116 out of 129 (90%). Sample coverage was 34% (116/340); and 42% of the @entity1 who attended (116/279). Most studied age-group was 50-64 (coverage 45%, n = 176). 11 cases of @entity0 were diagnosed: age 54.3 +/- 9.1; 1 in situ, 3 < 10 mm, 2 between 10 and 20 mm, 4 > 20 mm, 1 without data. Diagnosis to treatment delay: 33.7 +/- 0 days. At time of writing 8 @entity1 were free of illness. CONCLUSIONS: Through random detection 34% coverage was achieved with good acceptance. Most @entity5 are diagnosed in their early stages. The general practitioner should be more attentive to periodic requests for mammographies.

title: [Alternatives to population screening for XXXX . Is the chance detection useful?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) has been proposed as a new vital sign for critical care medicine. The purpose of this research was to develop a reliable method for determining @entity299 continuously in real time in @entity3124 @entity1 using multiple waveform channels that also compensates for noisy and unreliable data. Using simultaneously acquired electrocardiogram (Leads I, II, V) and arterial blood pressure waveforms sampled at 360 Hz from 250 @entity1 (over 375 h of @entity1 data), we evaluated a new data fusion framework for computing @entity299 in real time. The framework employs two algorithms as well as signal quality indices. @entity299 was calculated (via the method of sample entropy), and equivalence tests were then performed. Bland-Altman plots and box plots of differences between mean @entity299 values were also obtained. Finally, @entity299 differences were analyzed by paired t tests. The gold standard for obtaining true means was manual verification of R waves and subsequent entropy calculations. Equivalence tests between mean @entity299 values derived from manually verified sequences and those derived from automatically detected peaks showed that the "Fusion" values were the least statistically different from the gold standard. Furthermore, the fusion of waveform sources produced better error density distributions than those derived from individual waveforms. The data fusion framework was shown to provide in real-time a reliable continuously streamed @entity299 value, derived from multiple waveforms in the presence of noise and artifacts. This approach will be validated and tested for assessment of @entity299 in @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: Reliable real-time calculation of heart-rate complexity in @entity3124 XXXX using multiple noisy waveform sources.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HRC', 'Heart-rate complexity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Post-surgical chest tube removal (CTR) is associated with a significant @entity158 and discomfort for @entity1 . Current treatment strategies for reducing CTR-associated @entity158 and @entity148 are limited and partially efficacious. To determine the effects of cold application, inhalation of @entity17910 essential oil, and their combination on @entity158 and @entity148 during CTR was investigated. This randomized controlled open-label trial was conducted with 80 @entity1 in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit who had a chest tube for duration of at least 24 hours after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). @entity1 were randomized (n=20 in each group) to receive cold application, aromatherapy with @entity17910 oil, cold application in combination with @entity17910 oil inhalation, or none of the above interventions (control group). The intensity and quality of @entity158 and @entity148 were evaluated using the visual analogue scale, short form and modified-McGill @entity158 questionnaire (SFM-MPQ) and the Spielberger situational @entity148 level inventory (STAII) scale, respectively. @entity1 in all treatment groups had significantly lower @entity158 intensity and @entity148 compared with the control group immediately, 5, 10 and 15 min after CTR. There was no statistically significant difference in the SFM-MPQ total scores between the intervention groups. With respect to @entity148 score, there was a significantly reduced @entity148 level immediately after CTR in the aromatherapy and cold-aromatherapy combination groups versus the cold application group. The present results suggested the efficacy of cold application and aromatherapy with @entity17910 oil in reducing @entity158 and @entity148 associated with post-CABG CTR.

title: The effect of cold application and XXXX oil inhalation in cardiac surgery @entity1 undergoing chest tube removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity17910 :: (39329,Species) :: ['lavender']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Haemoparasites and their e ects on @entity41098 ( @entity41098 ) are poorly studied. The aims are to evaluate the prevalence of Haemoproteus spp./Plasmodium spp. or Leucocytozoon spp., to correlate this with gross and histopathological ndings, and to investigate the association among @entity281 and geographical origin, age, gender, parasite distribution and prevalence among organs. @entity41098 (n = 47) were collected within a regional culling programme from 3 districts in the province of Turin (Italy) and subjected to necropsy. Histological and molecular analyses were carried out on some tissues. Leucocytozoon spp. was detected in 46 crows (97.9%) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas 28 birds (59.6%) were found to be positive for Haemoproteus spp./Plasmodium spp. The distribution of parasites in several organs varied signi cantly, showing that Leucocytozoon spp. is ubiquitous in organs in contrast with Haemoproteus spp./Plasmodium spp., which have a speci c predilection for spleen and lungs. The prevalence of Haemoproteus spp./Plasmodium spp. also di ered signi cantly among the crows captured in the areas of the study. The high prevalence of haemoparasites emphasizes the success of ornithophilic vectors and the susceptibility of this species to @entity281 . Di erences in prevalence among the sites are probably due to orographic features of the areas, variations in vector species and density, or to crow population size or structure. In spite of the high @entity281 rate, no gross and histological lesions were found. This nding further suggests an evolutionary adaptation between crows and avian blood parasites.

title: Blood parasites in @entity41098 ( XXXX ) in Northwest Italy.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity41098 :: ('181096', 'Species') :: ['Corvus corone cornix', 'hooded crows', 'Hooded crows']

answer: @entity41098 :: (181096,Species) :: ['Corvus corone cornix']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A commonly held view by clinicians is that the @entity1887 associated with primary @entity244 ( @entity1533 ) is more severe than that associated with secondary @entity244 ( @entity26928 ). This study aimed to determine if this view could be substantiated, when applied to a large sample group. METHOD: Unstimulated and paraffin wax-stimulated whole salivary flow rates were retrospectively compared for age and gender matched, @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1533 or @entity26928 according to the preliminary European criteria. The @entity1 had attended the @entity2133 Clinic, in the Oral Medicine Department, at the Liverpool University Dental Hospital. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with @entity1533 (average age 57.1 years) were matched with 67 @entity1 with @entity26928 (average age 57.6 years), according to gender and age, within 5 years. The mean unstimulated whole salivary flow rates (+/- s.d.) for @entity1 with @entity1533 and @entity26928 were 0.11 (+/- 0.15) and 0.12 (+/- 0.18) mL @entity1009 respectively. The mean paraffin wax stimulated, whole salivary flow rates (+/- s.d.) for @entity1 with @entity1533 and SS-22 were 0.45 (+/- 0.02) and 0.47 (+/- 0.49) mL/ @entity1009 respectively. No significant differences, in either stimulated (P = 0.54) or unstimulated (P = 0.60) whole salivary flow rates were found between individuals with @entity1533 or @entity26928 . CONCLUSION: The severity of @entity1887 does not appear to be related to the clinical variant of @entity244 .

title: A comparison of XXXX in primary and secondary @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['salivary gland hypofunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of diagnostic laparoscopy in @entity1 with @entity17289 . DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: University hospital, @entity233 . SUBJECTS: 8 @entity1 (2 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ; mean age 26 years) who presented with @entity17289 between January 1994 and January 1996. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopy under local anaesthesia with sedation (the 4 who presented with @entity843 ) and laparotomy (the 4 who presented with an acute abdomen). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and laboratory findings, biochemical and microbiological analysis of @entity843 , histopathological examination of specimens, morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: 4 @entity1 presented with @entity843 , and 4 with adhesions. Ascites; adhesions between liver and diaphragm, liver and intestines, and intestines and the abdominal wall; miliary nodes on the peritoneal surface; and inflamed @entity548 areas on the peritoneum could all be seen at laparoscopy. One of the 8 @entity1 who underwent laparotomy developed a spontaneous enterocutaneous @entity292 during the early postoperative period. Two of eight @entity1 died, one of an early enterocutaneous @entity292 and the other of cor pulmonale 3 1/2 months later. The remaining 6 @entity1 survived without complications after antituberculous medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy is a safe and accurate method of diagnosis of @entity17289 .

title: Value of diagnostic laparoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity17289 :: ('MESH:D014395', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']

answer: @entity17289 :: (MESH:D014395,Disease) :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effect of fractionated irradiation with increasing, constant or decreasing weekly dose intensity on local @entity5 control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 @entity957 , FaDu and GL, were grown in @entity19 . Thirty fractions were applied under ambient conditions with increasing, constant or decreasing weekly dose intensity within a constant overall treatment time of 6 weeks. Dose intensity was changed every 2 weeks. Irradiations were terminated in some groups of animals after 20 fractions in 4 weeks. Endpoint was the @entity5 control dose 50% (TCD50) at day 120 (FaDu) or day 180 (GL) after end of treatment. RESULTS: In @entity5 the TCD50 value of 60 Gy (95% CI 56; 63) for fractionated irradiation with decreasing dose intensity, i.e. high initial doses, was slightly but significantly lower than the TCD50, of 68 (60; 81) after low initial doses (p=0.03). The TCD50 value of 62 Gy (57; 68) after constant doses was intermediate (constant vs increasing p =0.30; constant vs decreasing p=0.15). The higher efficacy of high initial doses in @entity5 was explained by local control occurring already during the course of irradiation. In @entity5 the TCD50 values were 52 Gy (43; 62) after high initial dose intensity, 50 Gy (43; 66) after constant doses, and 55 Gy (42; 89) after low initial dose intensity. These values were not statistically different (p-values 0.20-0.75). CONCLUSIONS: The data support the view that initial dose concentration during fractionated irradiation does not enhance radioresistance of @entity5 , for instance by an earlier onset of clonogen repopulation.

title: Effect of changing the weekly dose intensity of fractionated irradiation on local control of two @entity1 XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['FaDu tumours', 'GL tumours', 'FaDu and GL tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although hyperbaric @entity26 therapy to treat @entity2316 has been approved for insurance reimbursement in Taiwan, its clinical application has not yet been well accepted. This study evaluated multiple healing predictive factors in @entity1 with @entity6 to determine the usefulness of adjunctive hyperbaric @entity26 in the treatment of such @entity1 . METHODS: From March 1995 to May 1996, we treated 31 @entity6 @entity1 presenting with @entity10395 with a regimen of adequate metabolic control, frequent wound debridement and hyperbaric @entity26 therapy. Age, gender, leukocyte count, total lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc), albumin, ankle-brachial index, types of bacterial cultures and number of debridements were compared between successful and failed treatments. Independent t-test and Fisher's exact test were used to identify the prognostic factors associated with outcome of treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 63.0 +/- 9.7 years (range 43 to 81). The mean number of hyperbaric @entity26 therapies was 35.3 +/- 21.8 treatments (range 5 to 83). Of the 31 @entity1 , 6 received below knee amputation, and 25 had their foot preserved or achieved a lower level of amputation. Elevated leukocyte count and low ankle-brachial index were significantly related to poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of @entity6 , adjunctive hyperbaric @entity26 therapy seems to be a useful tool to enhance wound healing provided that there are preserved circulation and controlled infection.

title: Hyperbaric @entity26 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic foot infections', 'diabetic foot infection']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot lesions']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity10395 :: ('MESH:D005534', 'Disease') :: ['infected foot lesions']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['c-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) drugs in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is controversial, with their continuing apparent widespread use despite high-level evidence indicating marginal benefit at best and international guidelines recommending limited indications. METHODS: In order to understand how clinicians translate the evidence base into clinical practice, we surveyed a cross-section of Australian gastroenterologists to determine opinions and prescribing patterns of @entity3504 drugs in @entity30 . RESULTS: In all, 42% of 285 gastroenterologists who were sent a questionnaire by e-mail responded. Five (4%) never use @entity3504 drugs in @entity30 . The drugs are most commonly prescribed for @entity1 with colonic (96%) or ileocolonic (92%) disease location, inflammatory disease behavior (80%), and mild disease activity (97%). The majority (64%) use a dose of 1-3 g/day, but only 6% use over 4.5 g/day. Less than one-half use @entity3504 drugs as maintenance following surgical resection, but most use it for inducing remission alone (70%) or in combination with other drugs (90%), and continue its use for maintenance. Side effects are thought to be infrequent (62%) or rare (20%) and few common side effects are believed to be serious. Respondents estimated that over 90% of @entity1 were nonadherent to prescribed @entity3504 regimens at least 50% of the time. While 84% believed that @entity3504 drugs were effective in @entity30 , only 58% believed that they were cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: In Australia @entity3504 drugs are extensively prescribed for @entity30 at relatively low doses without expectation of @entity1 adherence. Current evidence and guidelines has had little apparent impact on clinical practice. The cost implications are considerable.

title: @entity2983 ( XXXX ) use in @entity30 : a survey of the opinions and practice of Australian gastroenterologists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylate']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['mesalazine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Increased @entity65 leads to search for new, non-invasive diagnostic methods for early detection of @entity731 . Among others computed tomography has become a matter of interest. The usefulness of quantitative analysis of calcification using @entity4649 ( @entity4649 ) in cardiology has been studied recently. AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of @entity460 score (CS), estimated with @entity4649 , in identifying the risk of @entity3979 . METHODS: The analysis involved 340 consecutive @entity1 , 222 @entity1 and 118 @entity1 , mean age 59.7+/-9.38 years. All @entity1 were admitted to hospital with symptoms of @entity453 for coronary angiography. In all subjects risk factor assessment and CS estimation using @entity4649 were performed. RESULTS: Mean CS was 271.1+/-605.9 and it increased with the progression of @entity453 . The differences between mean CS values in @entity1 without @entity3979 and @entity1 with 1-, 2- or 3-vessel disease varied significantly (p <0.001). The cut-off point for total CS for the presence of @entity3979 in the study group was set at > or =56 (sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 85.3%). The likelihood of the absence of significant @entity850 (negative predictive value) in the whole study group was 93.5% and in @entity1 reached 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary @entity460 score is a valuable parameter in assessing the likelihood of presence of @entity3979 . The absence of calcifications in coronary arteries (CS=0) excludes significant @entity3979 with a high probability.

title: Use of coronary @entity460 score in the assessment of XXXX in coronary arteries.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4649 :: ('MESH:C563535', 'Disease') :: ['multislice spiral computed tomography', 'MSCT']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) on early @entity1820 and @entity1613 . METHODS: The EMR data of 42 lesions from 28 @entity1 , collected from Apr. 2001 to Dec. 2005, were retrospectively analyzed. All the lesions were confirmed histologically before and after operation. RESULTS: Forty-two lesions were removed by the EMR from 28 @entity1 . Lesion types observed under endoscopy were as follows: type I 9 lesions (type @entity43847 lesions, type Is 7 lesions), type II 33 lesions (type IIa 23 lesions, type IIa + IIc 4 lesions, type IIb 6 lesions). Thirty-eight EMRs were performed by using snare resection techniques and 4 EMRs by using suction cap-assisted techniques. The size of lesions changed from 0.6 cm x 0.6 cm to 3.0 cm x 3.5 cm. Complete resections were achieved in 36 of 40, among them, 2 lesions were divided into 2 pieces and 1 lesion was divided into 3 pieces. Post-EMR histopathologic evaluation revealed the following RESULTS: @entity189 in 4 lesions, @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) in 11 lesions, middle-grade @entity1141 (MGD) in 17 lesions, @entity652 in 6 lesions, non- @entity652 in 2 lesions. The pathology match rate between local biopsy and EMR was 60.0%. The detection rates of @entity5 , @entity1893 and MGD by EMR were higher than that by routine biopsy. No serious complications were seen in this study. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic mucosal resection has significant impact on the endoscopic intervention treatment of early @entity5 and @entity1613 in digestive tract.

title: [Application endoscopic mucosal resection to therapy early @entity1820 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesion']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['precancerous lesion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of @entity311 in the Senegal River Gorgol valley, southern Mauritania, requires particular attention in the face of ongoing and predicted environmental and climate changes. While " @entity311 cases" are reported in health facilities throughout the year, past and current climatic and ecological conditions do not favour transmission in the dry season (lack of rainfall and very high temperatures). Moreover, entomological investigations in neighbouring regions point to an absence of @entity311 transmission in mosquito vectors in the dry season. Because the clinical signs of @entity311 are non-specific and overlap with those of other diseases (e.g. @entity1729 and @entity294 ), new research is needed to better understand @entity311 transmission patterns in this region to improve adaptive, preventive and curative measures. METHODS: We conducted a multipurpose cross-sectional survey in the city of Ka  di in April 2011 (dry season), assessing three major disease patterns, including @entity311 . Plasmodium spp. parasite rates were tested among @entity1 aged 6-59 months who were recruited from a random selection of households using a rapid diagnostic test and microscopic examination of @entity1503 . Acute @entity1729 and @entity294 were the two other diseases investigated, administering a parental questionnaire to determine the reported prevalence among participating @entity1 . FINDINGS: No Plasmodium infection was found in any of the 371 surveyed preschool-aged @entity1 using two different diagnostic methods. Acute @entity1729 and @entity294 were reported in 43.4% and 35.0% of the @entity1 , respectively. About two thirds of the @entity1 with @entity1729 and @entity294 required medical follow-up by a health worker. CONCLUSIONS: @entity311 was absent in the present dry season survey in the capital of the Gorgol valley of Mauritania, while @entity1729 and @entity294 were highly prevalent. Surveys should be repeated towards the end of rainy season, which will enhance our understanding of the potential changes in @entity311 transmission in a region known as 'hot spot' of predicted climate change.

title: Absence of dry season Plasmodium parasitaemia, but high rates of reported acute XXXX and @entity294 in preschool-aged @entity1 in Ka  di, southern Mauritania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections', 'respiratory infections', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infection']


abstract: In birds with facultative @entity353 , survival of the junior @entity1573 is thought to be regulated primarily by food availability. In black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) where parents and chicks are provided with unlimited access to supplemental food during the breeding season, @entity353 still occurs and varies interannually. Survival of the junior @entity1573 is therefore affected by factors in addition to the amount of food directly available to them. Maternally deposited yolk @entity3800 affect competitive dynamics within a brood, and may be one of the mechanisms by which mothers mediate @entity353 in response to a suite of environmental and physiological cues. The goal of this study was to determine whether food supplementation during the pre-lay period affected patterns of yolk @entity342 deposition in free-living kittiwakes in two years (2003 and 2004) that varied in natural food availability. @entity1573 survival was measured concurrently in other nests where eggs were not collected. In both years, supplemental feeding increased female investment in eggs by increasing egg mass. First-laid ("A") eggs were heavier but contained less @entity251 and @entity2671 than second-laid ("B") eggs across years and treatments. Yolk @entity251 was higher in 2003 (the year with higher B @entity1573 survival) across treatments. The difference in yolk @entity251 levels between eggs within a clutch varied among years and treatments such that it was relatively small when B @entity1573 experienced the lowest and the highest survival probabilities, and increased with intermediate B @entity1573 survival probabilities. The magnitude of @entity251 asymmetry in a clutch may allow females to optimize fitness by either predisposing a brood for reduction or facilitating survival of younger chicks.

title: Effects of food availability on yolk @entity342 deposition in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), a seabird with facultative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['brood reduction']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['brood reduction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We assessed the efficacy of using an @entity10598 -specific blocker for improving the success rate in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for lower ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted from June 2005 to December 2006 and involved 107 @entity1 . All the @entity1 underwent SWL with the PCK Stonelith. The @entity1 were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 (34 @entity1 ) received @entity9940 , group 2 (35 @entity1 ) received @entity7477 , and group 3 (38 @entity1 ) received placebo. All @entity1 were diagnosed by kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography and intravenous urography. The number of colic episodes, lower urinary tract symptoms, analgesic dosage and days for spontaneous passage of the stones through the ureter were recorded by diary. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA, the chi(2) test, Fisher's exact test and the non-parametric Wilcoxon 2-sample t test. RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups regarding age, stone size, expulsion time and expulsion rate. The number of colic episodes and the analgesic dosage were significantly lower in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3. A statistically significant difference was observed in lower urinary tract symptoms: lower urinary tract symptoms were observed in 4 of 34 @entity1 in group 1 (12%), in 8 of 35 in group 2 (23%), and in 13 of 38 in group 3 (34%). Adverse effects were noted in 5 of 32 @entity1 in group 2 (16%), which was significantly different in comparison with group 3. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of an @entity10598 -specific blocker reduced analgesic dosage and colic episodes after SWL of lower ureteral stones. There was no benefit with regard to increasing stone expulsion rate or decreasing expulsion time.

title: Adjunctive medical therapy with an XXXX -specific blocker after shock wave lithotripsy of lower ureteral stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity10598 :: (773,Gene) :: ['alpha-1A']


abstract: The effects of resistant starches of beans on serum @entity165 and hepatic @entity3244 mRNA in @entity35 were investigated. @entity35 were fed a @entity165 -free diet with 150 g/kg @entity4336 starch (CS), 150 g/kg adzuki (Vigna angularis) starch ( @entity5427 ), 150 g/kg kintoki ( @entity11297 , variety) starch (KS), or 150 g/kg tebou ( @entity19321 , variety) starch ( @entity1950 ) for 4 wk. There were no significant differences in body weight among groups through the experimental period. The liver weight in the CS group was 1.1-1.2 times higher than that in the @entity5427 , KS, and @entity1950 groups. The cecum weight in the @entity1950 was 1.4 times higher than that in the CS group, and the cecal pH in the CS group was significantly higher than in the other groups. The serum total @entity165 , very low density lipoprotein + intermediate density lipoprotein + LDL- @entity165 and high density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 concentrations in the bean starch groups were significantly lower than those in the CS group through the feeding period. The total @entity165 /HDL- @entity165 ratio in the bean starch groups was also significantly lower than that in the CS group at the end of the 4-wk feeding period. The hepatic @entity165 concentration in the @entity1950 group was significantly higher than in the CS group at the end of the 4-wk feeding period. The relative quantity of hepatic apo B mRNA in the @entity5427 group was 1.2 times higher than that in the CS group, and the hepatic @entity3244 mRNA levels in the @entity5427 and @entity1950 groups were 1.8-2.0 times higher than that in the CS group. The results of this study demonstrate that @entity5427 , KS, and @entity1950 lowered the serum total @entity165 level by enhancing the hepatic @entity3244 mRNA level.

title: @entity3244 mRNA in XXXX liver is affected by resistant starch of beans.

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity3244 :: ('300438(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['LDL receptor', 'low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palliative radiotherapy (RT) to the chest is often used in @entity1 with @entity2 , but RT regimens are more often based on tradition than research results. OBJECTIVES: To discover the most effective and least toxic regimens of palliative RT, and whether higher doses increase survival. SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic databases, reference lists, handsearching of journals and conference proceedings, and discussion with experts were used to identify potentially eligible trials, published and unpublished. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled clinical trials comparing different regimens of palliative RT in @entity1 with @entity1149 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Ten randomised trials were reviewed. There were important differences in the doses of RT investigated, the @entity1 characteristics and the outcome measures. Because of this heterogeneity no meta-analysis was attempted. MAIN RESULTS: There is no strong evidence that any regimen gives greater palliation. Higher dose regimens give more acute @entity137 . There is evidence for a modest increase in survival (6% at 1 year and 3% at 2 years) in @entity1 with better performance status (PS) given higher dose RT. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 should be treated with short courses of palliative RT, of 1 or 2 fractions. Care should be taken with the dose to the spinal cord. The use of high dose palliative regimens should be considered for and discussed with selected @entity1 with good PS. More research is needed into reducing the acute @entity137 of large fraction regimens and into the role of radical compared to high dose palliative RT and more homogeneous studies are needed.

title: Palliative radiotherapy regimens for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity715 are more common in @entity409 than might be expected because of the @entity1003 described by conventional coagulation tests. Some of these complications may be life-threatening. The phenomenon of @entity49 is associated with complications in many populations, but the incidence in liver transplant recipients is unclear. We performed a retrospective database review of intraoperative thromboelastography (TEG) for 124 liver transplant recipients. We assessed the prevalence of @entity49 in this group and investigated the relative frequency of both shortened TEG reaction times (R times) and increased net clot strength (G) values. These findings were correlated with @entity715 . At the baseline, the prevalence of high G values was 15.53% on native TEG, and the prevalence of shortened R times was 6.80% on native-heparinase TEG. @entity1 with @entity1448 pathologies had particularly high rates of @entity49 (42.9% with @entity2835 and 85.7% with @entity991 ), @entity49 was also common in @entity1 with @entity879 (50%) and @entity1561 (37.5%). There was a poor correlation between the TEG R time and the international normalized (INR), with 37.7% of TEG analyses demonstrating a short R time with an INR   >   2. Six of the @entity1 developed early @entity715 (5%); 3 of these @entity1 had TEG evidence of high G values (P   =   0.25), and 4 had short R times (not significant). In conclusion, intraoperative TEG evidence of high G values and short R times is relatively common in liver transplantation. It is unclear what bearing this condition has on @entity715 . Conventional coagulation tests have no ability to diagnose this condition. It is conceivable that such @entity1 may come to harm if @entity49 is unrecognized and, therefore, inappropriately managed.

title: XXXX during liver transplantation as demonstrated by thromboelastography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['but hypercoagulation', 'hypercoagulation', 'hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'hepatic artery thrombosis', 'Thrombotic complications']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['Intraoperative hypercoagulability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) is a @entity706 characterized by expansion of @entity404 (+) memory T-cell clones. Infiltrating cells express @entity16952 , which is attracted to CC chemokine ligands 17 and 22 ( @entity14420 [ @entity14420 ]/ @entity14420 and @entity14420 / @entity14421 ). Bath-psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) is effective against @entity4888 . In @entity1 with @entity1569 , bath-PUVA induces circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs), which suppress effector T cells. To understand the mechanisms in @entity4888 , we analyzed lesion-infiltrating cells before and after bath-PUVA therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity4888 (12 stage IB, 1 stage III; mean age 69.2 years, range 35-87 years; 6 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ) were recruited. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that lesion @entity16952 -positive ( @entity16952 (+)) cells and Tregs significantly decreased from 105.1    164.8 cells/10(-2) mm(2) to 31.4    39.0 cells/10(-2) mm(2) and from 78.1    67.8 cells/10(-2) mm(2) to 24.7    25.0 cells/10(-2) mm(2), respectively. Serum @entity14420 levels significantly correlated with infiltrating CD3(+) (r = 0.997), @entity16952 (+) (r = 0.991), and forkhead box P3-positive (Foxp3(+)) cells (r = 0.843). Circulating Tregs before bath-PUVA therapy were not significantly different from those in healthy volunteers. Bath-PUVA did not significantly change the percentage of circulating Tregs. CONCLUSIONS: Bath-PUVA decreased @entity16952 (+) cells and Tregs in @entity4888 but did not induce circulating Tregs, which might suppress effector T cells. Direct effects through @entity272 might eliminate both pathogenetically relevant cells and Tregs. Systemic immunosuppression was not induced.

title: Bath-PUVA therapy decreases infiltrating XXXX -expressing tumor cells and regulatory T cells in @entity1 with mycosis Fungoides.

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['Mycosis fungoides', 'MF', 'MF lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity14420 :: ('6361', 'Gene') :: ['TARC', 'CCL17', 'thymus and activation-regulated chemokine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity16952 :: (1233,Gene) :: ['CCR4']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4269 is one of the major important long-term complications of @entity0 treatment. The aim of this study is to determine @entity1 - and treatment-related risk factors of @entity4269 in @entity0 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 , who had been operated on for primary @entity0 at Akdeniz University Hospital and followed regularly between August 1984 and December 2009 were included in the study. In order to evaluate the arm swelling objectively, measurements were performed with a flexible tape measure for both arms, and limb volume was calculated using a truncated cone volume formula. @entity1 , whose volume difference between the two arms was >=  5%, were considered as @entity4269 @entity1 . The SPSS program (SPSS inc. Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of 455 @entity1 was 50.6 years and the median follow-up time was 53 months. @entity4269 was found in 124 (27%) @entity1 . Most of the @entity1 with a history of @entity6081 (52%) and @entity7749 (57%) had @entity4269 (p=0.003 and p=0.002, respectively). Addition of radiation therapy increased @entity4269 risk 1.83 times (p=0.007). The mean duration of the axillary drainage and number of the removed lymph nodes were 7.8 days and 19, respectively. The rate of @entity4269 in @entity1 with early stage @entity0 was less than @entity1 with @entity0 (24% and 35.3%, respectively, p=0.018). Most of the @entity1 (92%) with @entity4269 had a high body mass index (BMI >=  25   kg/m  ), and @entity28 was another important factor for @entity4269 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The most important treatment and @entity1 -related risk factors for @entity0 -related @entity4269 were @entity28 (>=  25   kg/m  ), axillary lymph node dissection, postoperative radiotherapy, wound @entity281 , history of @entity7749 , and duration of axillary drainage. Elimination or prevention of these risk factors may reduce the incidence of @entity4269 .

title: Risk factors of @entity0 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary lymphedema', 'lymphedema-positive', 'Lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7749 :: ('MESH:D008205', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangitis']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: Endoscopic resection has become a major curative treatment for early @entity14 without @entity1600 . However, @entity1600 , a poor prognostic factor in @entity14 , occurs in about 10% of the @entity1 with submucosal invasive @entity14 . Therefore, it is important to identify a high-risk factor for @entity1600 in submucosal invasive @entity14 . This study was designed to identify the relationship between @entity5 budding with @entity3546 expression and @entity1600 in submucosal invasive @entity14 . We investigated the immunohistochemistry of @entity5 budding in the 142 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for submucosal invasive @entity14 between 1984 and 1999 and the expression pattern of @entity3546 in budding @entity5 cells. Accordingly, all the @entity1 were followed up for at least 10 years or until @entity204 . Among the 142 @entity1 , @entity1600 was detected in 14 @entity1 (9.9%). Univariate analysis showed that @entity5 budding with >=  5 @entity5 cells or cell clusters with expression of @entity3546 in the nucleus was significantly associated with @entity1600 (P = 0.005). In contrast, @entity5 budding detected by @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining was not associated with @entity1600 . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that @entity5 budding with >=  5 @entity5 cells or cell clusters with expression of @entity3546 in the nucleus was a significant risk factor for @entity1600 (odds ratio, 7.124; 95% confidence interval, 1.407-36.062). Thus, @entity5 budding associated with @entity3546 expression is a risk factor for @entity1600 in submucosal invasive @entity14 .

title: Prognostic and diagnostic significance of @entity5 budding associated with @entity3546 expression in submucosal invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']