abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perioperative complications of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression @entity174 . METHODS: From June 2009 to December 2011, 63 @entity1 with osteoporotic vertebral compression @entity174 underwent PKP, there were 18 males and 45 females with an average age of 75.3 years ( ranged, 62 to 91). All @entity1 with @entity615 and without @entity16 and signs, which were confirmed by @entity7994 . Among them,there were 63 cases with severe @entity170 , 37 cases with @entity101 , 10 with @entity453 , 29 with @entity417 , 26 with @entity6 , 11 with @entity1030 and 8 with @entity3621 and peptic ulcer. The common perioperative complications were retropectively reviewed. RESULTS: Preoperative complications occured in 9 cases (14.3%), including @entity55 (1 case), electrolyte disturbances (2 cases), @entity293 (2 cases), moderate @entity417 (2 cases),electrolyte disturbances combined with moderate @entity417 (1 case), @entity55 combined with delirium (1 case). Intraoperative and postoperative. complications occurred in 17 cases (26.9%), there were bone cement correlated complications in 9 cases (14.3%), in which 2 cases of toxic reaction of bone cement and 7 cases of leakage (2 cases had clinical symptoms); there were non-bone cement correlated complications in 3 cases (4.8%), in which 1 case of focal @entity1410 caused by paracentesis, 1 case of @entity128 , 1 case of @entity9 ;there were transient hyperpathia in 5 cases after operation. All complications result in no severe consequence after treatment. CONCLUSION: Perioperative complications of percutaneous kyphoplasty are not uncommon,however,these complications may not cause serious consequence after active treatment,so prevention and treatment are important for it.

title: [Analysis of perioperative complications of percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['hypostatic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['transient nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['severe back pain']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['left intercostal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because we previously found that @entity353 was associated with increased risk for @entity204 in all but very overweight @entity1 in a cohort of U.S. adults, we undertook a new analysis to determine whether inadequate control for preexisting illness or cigarette smoking contributed to this association. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: The first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I, 1971 to 1975) collected information on maximum lifetime weight and measured current weight on a probability sample of U.S. adults. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study determined the vital status of @entity1 through 1987. @entity1 : @entity1 (n = 2453) and @entity1 (n = 2739) who were 45 to 74 years old at the time of the NHANES I examination. RESULTS: The effect of excluding @entity1 who died within the first 5 and first 8 years after baseline was examined to limit the influence of @entity353 due to preexisting illness. For @entity1 , extension of the exclusionary period weakened the association between @entity353 and increased risk for @entity204 from @entity66 . However, excluding @entity204 for as much as 8 years after baseline did not affect the strong association between @entity353 and increased risk for @entity204 from @entity65 among @entity1 and @entity1 with maximum body mass indexes between 26 and 29 (relative risks of up to 2.1 and 3.6 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, after excluding deaths in the first 8 years). Results were not substantially altered by limiting the analysis to @entity1 who never smoked. CONCLUSIONS: Preexisting illness may influence the association between @entity353 and @entity204 principally through deaths from @entity66 . For some @entity1 , @entity353 is associated with an increased risk for @entity204 , even after excluding deaths occurring in the first 8 years.

title: Weight loss and subsequent XXXX in a cohort of U.S. adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity96 is the fifth most common @entity5 in the world with an estimated over half a million new cases diagnosed every year. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and lack of treatment options, the prevalence of @entity96 continues to climb with a 5-year survival rate of between 6% and 11%. Coinciding with the rise of @entity96 , the prevalence of @entity28 has rapidly increased over the past two decades. Evidence from epidemiological studies demonstrates a higher risk of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in @entity28 individuals. Obesity is recognised as a low-grade inflammatory disease, this is of particular relevance as @entity32 has been proposed as the seventh @entity5 development with abdominal @entity10478 considered as an important source of pro-inflammatory stimuli. Emerging evidence points towards the direct role of visceral adipose tissue rather than generalised body fat in @entity105 . Cytokines such as @entity650 and @entity310 secreted from visceral adipose tissue have been demonstrated to induce a chronic inflammatory condition predisposing the liver to a protumourigenic milieu. This review focuses on excess @entity10478 rather than simple @entity28 ; particularly adipokines and their implications for @entity32 , lipid accumulation, @entity2690 resistance, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and angiogenesis. Evidence of molecular signalling pathways that may give rise to the onset and progression of @entity157 in this context are depicted. Delineation of the pro-inflammatory role of @entity10478 in @entity96 and its targeting will provide better rational and therapeutic approaches for @entity157 prevention and elimination. The concept of a central role for metabolism in @entity5 is the culmination of an effort that began with one of the 20th century's leading biochemists and Nobel laureate of 1931, Otto Warburg.

title: Stop feeding XXXX : pro-inflammatory role of @entity10478 in @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adiposity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'Liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hallmark of cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity6 is increasing with ageing and changes in lifestyle in populations of African ancestry as described in the first part of this review. Apart from classical type 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 , atypical presentations are observed in these populations, especially "tropical" and " @entity1270 -prone" atypical @entity6 . @entity1723 that has been classified by ADA as idiopathic @entity164 1 @entity6 or @entity164 1b is the most common atypical form. It is characterised by an acute initial presentation with severe hyperglycaemia and @entity1270 , as classical @entity164 1 @entity6 . In the subsequent clinical course after initiation of @entity2690 therapy, prolonged remission is often possible with cessation of @entity2690 therapy and maintenance of appropriate metabolic control. Metabolic studies showed a markedly blunted @entity2690 secretory response to @entity413 , partially reversible with the improvement of blood @entity413 control. Variable levels of @entity2690 resistance are observed, especially in @entity28 @entity1 . Pancreatic B-cell autoimmunity is an exceptional finding. Association with type 1 susceptibility HLA alleles is variable. The molecular mechanisms underlining the @entity2690 secretory dysfunction are still to be understood and may involve gluco-lipotoxicity processes, glucagon dysregulation, effect of stress, or may be genetically determined. The present review summarises the available clinical and metabolic features and suggests some pathogenetic hypotheses and principles of management for the @entity1723 .

title: XXXX in Africans. Part 2: @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Ketosis-prone atypical diabetes', 'ketosis-prone atypical diabetes of the Africans']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: The mammary gland is under complex regulation involving the participation of hormones, growth factors, and stromal components, including lipids. Our laboratory has developed a unique primary culture system that allows undifferentiated mammary epithelial cells from immature virgin @entity35 to proliferate and differentiate to an extent equivalent to the lactating mammary gland. Using this model system we have examined the effects of the @entity1474 @entity3952 and @entity4722 on mammary epithelial cell proliferation as well as both morphological and functional differentiation. Neither @entity844 showed any effect on cell proliferation whether added to cells in the presence of optimal serum-free medium or under suboptimal conditions of @entity8160 ( @entity8160 ) and prolactin. Morphological differentiation also was not affected by @entity844 addition under either optimal or suboptimal conditions, although a decrease was observed when medium depleted in @entity8160 and prolactin was compared to optimal medium. The notable finding in this study was that both @entity3952 and @entity4722 modulated functional differentiation, as assessed by casein accumulation, in a time- and hormone-dependent manner. At early times in culture, casein levels were stimulated by both @entity3952 and @entity4722 ; this effect was most dramatic under suboptimal conditions of prolactin and @entity8160 . In marked contrast, however, @entity4722 decreased casein levels by approximately 50% in optimal medium, at all concentrations tested, after at least 7 days in culture. This decrease was also observed in suboptimal medium, although the concentration of @entity8160 and prolactin influenced the extent of the reduction. Although the mechanism is currently unknown, it is tempting to speculate that the cellular and biochemical events that result in @entity4722 -induced inhibition of functional differentiation may also be involved in the @entity5 -enhancing properties of this @entity844 .

title: Casein accumulation by XXXX mammary epithelial cells grown within a reconstituted basement membrane is modulated by fatty acids in a hormone- and time-dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity22462 ( @entity22462 ) is a cell-adhesion glycoprotein and stem cell marker that has been associated with an aggressive @entity5 phenotype and adverse outcome in several @entity5 types. We recently demonstrated that overexpression of @entity22462 is an independent factor of poor prognosis in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). The aim of this study was to validate these results in two additional independent @entity1 cohorts and to examine the correlation between @entity22462 mRNA and protein levels in a subset of @entity5 . METHOD: @entity22462 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays with @entity5 samples from a consecutive, retrospective cohort of 270 @entity14 @entity1 (cohort 1) and a prospective cohort of 337 @entity14 @entity1 (cohort 2). The expression of @entity22462 mRNA was measured by real-time quantitative PCR in a subgroup of 62 @entity1 from cohort 2. Spearman's Rho and Chi-Square tests were used for analysis of correlations between @entity22462 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling were applied to assess the relationship between @entity22462 expression and time to recurrence (TTR), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: High @entity22462 protein expression was significantly associated with unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics in both cohorts. In cohort 1, high @entity22462 expression was associated with a significantly shorter 5-year OS in both univariable (HR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.43-3.63, p = 0.001) and multivariable analysis (HR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.25-3.43, p = 0.005). In cohort 2, high @entity22462 expression was associated with a shorter TTR (HR = 2.93; 95% CI 1.26-6.82, p = 0.013) and @entity66 (HR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.32-4.54, p = 0.005), remaining significant in multivariable analysis, HR = 2.50; 95% CI 1.05-5.96, p = 0.038 for TTR and HR = 2.11; 95% CI 1.13-3.94, p = 0.019 for @entity66 .No significant correlation could be found between mRNA levels and protein expression of @entity22462 and there was no association between mRNA levels and clinicopathological parameters or survival. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we have validated the previously demonstrated association between immunohistochemical expression of @entity22462 and poor prognosis in @entity14 in two additional independent @entity1 cohorts. The results further underline the potential utility of @entity22462 as a biomarker for more precise prognostication and treatment stratification of @entity14 @entity1 .

title: Validation of podocalyxin-like protein as a biomarker of poor prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease free survival', 'DFS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity22462 :: ('5420', 'Gene') :: ['Podocalyxin-like 1', 'PODXL']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess if @entity16 at 2 years after diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) can be predicted by clinical or laboratory features assessed up to 3 or 6 months after diagnosis. METHODS: Medical records from 70 @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome measure was presence of @entity16 at 2 years after diagnosis (JD2) as defined by presence of @entity2681 or fusion in one or more joints. Potential predictor variables for JD2 in the first 3 and 6 months after diagnosis consisted of the highest observed white blood cell count, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, active joint count, and presence of symptomatic @entity299 or @entity15835 , and treatment data. RESULTS: The outcome of interest, JD2, was identified in 15/70 @entity1 . Classification-tree analysis identified a pair of variables (highest observed platelet count and number of active joints) measured within the first 3 months after diagnosis that together predicted progression to JD2 with an estimated sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 82%, and positive predictive value of 57%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses at 3 months found that higher quantities of joints with active @entity625 and early use of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) were factors significantly associated with increased odds of progression to JD2 (active joints odds ratio = 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.16, p = 0.04; @entity1500 OR = 11.85, 95% CI 1.89-74.26, p = 0.01). Unsupervised cluster analysis identified 2 major phenotypes of @entity1 at 3 months characterized by different ages at onset, acute phase markers, active joint counts, and presence of @entity11534 . These phenotypes differed 3-fold in proportion of subjects progressing to JD2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: By 3 months after diagnosis, a clinical phenotype based on active joint count and platelet count may be prognostic of an increased risk of progression to JD2. Use of corticosteroids did not appear to change the risk of @entity16 . In contrast, the presence of @entity11534 appeared to be associated with decreased risk of @entity16 .

title: Candidate early predictors for progression to XXXX in @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['SJIA', 'systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary or cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity15835 :: ('MESH:D055501', 'Disease') :: ['macrophage activation syndrome']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['joint damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this present study is to define the significance of recurrent @entity3746 (RLNP) detected before surgery for @entity1374 with regard to the incidence of @entity5 , histopathologic distribution, extrathyroidal invasion, management, and prognosis. METHODS: Six hundred and twenty-two @entity1 underwent operation for various @entity1374 and were treated by the same surgeon. The study was confined to 16 (3%) @entity1 who suffered from a @entity259 with preoperative RLNP. RESULTS: Of these 16 @entity1 , 1 had @entity1374 , while the other 15 had @entity5 (94%). Among the 15 @entity5 @entity1 , 14 had extrathyroidal invasion and needed more extensive surgical procedures than total thyroidectomy. The recurrent laryngeal nerve could be dissected from the @entity259 in 3 @entity1 , 2 of whom experienced recovery of this nerve's function postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity259 associated with RLNP is strongly suggestive of @entity5 . The RLN should be preserved if it has not been invaded by the @entity5 , because it offers a good chance of functional recovery postoperatively. Well-differentiated @entity259 accounts for only half of these @entity1 who tend to present at an older age and feature a much higher incidence of upper aerodigestive tract invasion. The operations for these @entity1 often are complex and should be performed by experienced surgeons. Radical excision of a resectable anaplastic or @entity957 of the @entity1374 offers the chance, albeit small, of long-term survival in this study.

title: XXXX with preoperative recurrent @entity3746 : clinicopathologic features and treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumor', 'thyroid cancer', 'Thyroid tumor', 'thyroid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['benign thyroid disease', 'thyroid disease', 'thyroid gland', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of @entity10584 is closely associated with multiple combined anomalies of the portal vein, @entity99 , and bile duct. This requires special attention for preoperative evaluation for the purpose of preventing @entity260 . PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 70-year-old @entity1 with metastatic @entity96 and @entity99 with @entity10584 is reported. On computed tomography (CT), a solitary low density mass occupied from the right anterior to the posterior segment of the liver. The gallbladder bed was on the left of the hepatic fissure. On drip-infusion-cholangiography (DIC) CT three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, the left medial bile duct arose from the right umbilical portion after arising from the left lateral bile duct. Following a right hepatectomy and lymph node dissection of the hepatoduodenal ligament, hepaticojejunostomy was conducted separately to the left medial and left lateral bile duct. DISCUSSION: The @entity10584 accompanies with @entity99 and @entity1157 in a frequent manner. A safe hepatectomy needs accurate operative plans to ascertain the range of hepatectomy, because it often has the diversity of a combined anomaly. CONCLUSION: Preoperative DIC-CT 3D reconstruction was extremely useful because it provided an important information that could not be obtained with 2D-DIC-CT. 3D imaging has the ability to demonstrate complex anatomical relationships, this devise is a effective new tool for making appropriate preoperative strategy.

title: Resection of metastatic @entity96 in a XXXX with a @entity10584 and intrahepatic portal vein and @entity1157 : A case report.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct anomalies']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vein, hepatic artery', 'several anomalies of hepatic vascular', 'intrahepatic portal vein, biliary system and hepatic artery anomalies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to assess the sociodemographic profile and to identify the risk factors of ante-partum @entity5617 which occurs after the age of viability of fetus. This prospective observational study was conducted in the Obstetrics department of Ad-din @entity1 Medical College Hospital during the period of June, 2009 to July, 2010. A total of 14,015 pregnant @entity1 were admitted in the study place after the age of viability, which was taken as 28 weeks of gestation for our facilities. Eighty-three (0.59%) of them were identified as @entity5617 . Assessment of maternal sociodemographic characteristics and maternal-fetal risk factors were evaluated with a semi structured questionnaire pretested. Majority (81.92%, n=68) of the @entity1 were below 30 years of age, 78.31% belonged to middle socioeconomic group. Almost 58% @entity1 had education below SSC level and 28.91% took regular antenatal checkup. About 61.45% @entity1 were multigravida. Most (59.04%) ante-partum @entity204 were identified below 32 weeks of pregnancy. Out of 83 @entity1 , maternal risk factors were identified in 41(49.59%) cases where fetal risk factors were found in 16(19.27%) cases; no risk factors could be determined in rests. @entity101 (48.78%), @entity6 (21.95%), @entity590 (17.3%), abruptio placentae (4.88%) and UTI (7.36%) were identified as maternal factors; and @entity154 (37.5%), @entity34372 (37.5%), multiple pregnancy (12.5%) and post-maturity (12.5%) were the fetal risk factors. Here, proximal biological risk factors are most important in ante-partum fetal @entity204 . More investigations and facilities are needed to explain the causes of antepartum @entity204 .

title: Maternal sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of antepartum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpyrexia']

entities_list: @entity34372 :: ('MESH:C562717', 'Disease') :: ['Rh incompatibility']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death', 'intrauterine fetal death']

answer: @entity5617 :: (MESH:D005313,Disease) :: ['fetal death']


abstract: We duplicated the study design of Husain et al. (Ind Health 1987; 25:19-28) to determine whether maternal exposure to @entity3323 monomer (AM) resulted in offspring @entity2359 . @entity35 @entity35 dams with litters (15/group) were gavaged with AM in saline at 0 or 25.0 mg/kg/d throughout lactation (pnd 0-21). Maternal feed and water consumption, body weights (BW), and Functional Observational Battery (FOB) were recorded. At weaning (pnd 21), maternal sciatic nerves were examined histologically. Male offspring were retained until pnd 91, with BW and grip strength evaluations. Dosed dams exhibited progressive @entity137 , including mortality (two), severely reduced feed and water consumption, BW, and @entity1017 , and behavioral @entity2359 (with no sciatic nerve pathology). Nursing offspring at 25.0 mg/kg/d exhibited increased mortality and reduced BW associated with little/no milk in stomachs. Postwean males at 25.0 mg/kg/d exhibited normal @entity1017 and increasing grip strength over time. Therefore, AM caused maternal @entity137 ; offspring effects during lactation were consistent with inanition from maternal @entity137 . Postwean males exhibited recovery with no signs of AM-mediated @entity137 . These results do not support the conclusions of Husain et al.

title: Effects of lactational administration of @entity3323 on XXXX dams and offspring.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1118 after cesarean section (CS) is a serious concern, as it can result in functional disability. We evaluated the prevalence of @entity1118 after CS prospectively at a single institution in Japan. We also analyzed perioperative risk factors associated with @entity1118 using logistic regression analyses with a backward-stepwise procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent elective or emergency CS between May 2012 and May 2014 were recruited. Maternal demographics as well as details of surgery and anesthesia were recorded. An anesthesiologist visited the @entity1 on @entity773 , and assessed their @entity158 with the Prince Henry @entity158 Scale. To evaluate the prevalence of @entity1118 , we contacted @entity1 by sending a questionnaire 3 months post-CS. RESULTS: Among 225 @entity1 who questionnaires, 69 (30.7%) of @entity1 complained of persistent @entity158 , although no @entity1 required @entity158 medication. Multivariate analyses identified lighter weight (p = 0.011) and non-intrathecal administration of @entity1286 (p = 0.023) as determinant factors associated with persistent @entity158 at 3 months. The adjusted odds ratio of intrathecal administration of @entity1286 to reduce persistent @entity158 was 0.424, suggesting that intrathecal administration of @entity1286 could decrease @entity1118 by 50%. In addition, 51.6% of @entity1 had abnormal wound sensation, suggesting the development of @entity9 . Also, 6% of @entity1 with abnormal wound sensation required medication, yet no @entity1 with persistent @entity158 required medication. CONCLUSION: Although no effect on acute @entity158 was observed, intrathecal administration of @entity1286 significantly decreased @entity1118 after CS.

title: Intrathecal Administration of XXXX Decreases Persistent @entity158 after Cesarean Section: A Prospective Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity773 :: ('79585', 'Gene') :: ['postoperative day (POD) 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: @entity4048 , a common cause of disability, seems to be the result of several interacting mechanisms. In addition to degenerative and inflammatory changes and @entity130 , psychological and psychosocial factors are also involved. One common type of @entity130 associated with @entity4048 is @entity7125 ; this sometimes results in @entity74 ( @entity74 ), a controversial condition with largely unknown pathogenetic mechanisms. We studied the prevalence of @entity4048 of traumatic and non-traumatic origin and compared the prevalence of, sociodemographic data, self-perceived health, workload and chronic @entity1643 in these groups. In a ready-made questionnaire (MONICA study), we added questions about cervical spine and @entity1643 . 6,000 (72%) completed a self-administered questionnaire. 43% reported @entity4048 : 48% of @entity1 and 38% of @entity1 . @entity1 of working age had more @entity4048 than retired @entity1 , a phenomenon not seen in @entity1 . 19% of the studied population suffered from @entity4048 and it was more frequent in @entity1 . A history of neck @entity130 was common in those with @entity4048 . Those with a history of neck @entity130 perceived their health worse and were more often on sick-leave. About 50% of those with traumatic and non-traumatic @entity4048 also had chronic @entity1643 . We assessed the subjective and objective neuropsychological functioning in 42 @entity1 with @entity4048 , 21 with a @entity130 , and 21 without previous neck @entity130 . Despite cognitive complaints, the @entity74 @entity1 had normal neuropsychological functioning, but the @entity74 group especially had deviant MMPI results-indicating impaired coping ability and somatization. @entity74 @entity1 had no alterations in cerebral blood-flow pattern, as measured by rCBF-SPECT and SPM analysis, compared to healthy controls. This contrasts with the non-traumatic group with @entity4048 , which showed marked blood-flow changes. The blood-flow changes in the non-traumatic group were similar to those described earlier in @entity158 @entity1 but--remarkably enough--were different from those in the @entity74 group. @entity4048 of @entity7125 and non-traumatic origin appears to be unique in some respects. A better understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms is a prerequisite for prevention of the development of such chronic @entity158 syndromes and for improvement of the treatment of @entity1 with severe symptoms.

title: XXXX . An epidemiological, psychological and SPECT study with emphasis on @entity74 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back complaints', 'low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash', 'whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'chronic neck pain', 'Chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'whiplash-associated disorder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['Chronic neck pain']


abstract: This prospective study aimed to validate a previously developed first-dose @entity9053 ( @entity9053 ) to predict the area under the @entity205 concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) and to develop and then validate an @entity9053 to predict @entity205 AUC at steady state. This two-center Canadian study included @entity1 (ages .4 to 17.2 years) undergoing myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation receiving @entity205 for @entity2132 prophylaxis. There were three cohorts, each incorporating 24  AUC determinations: first-dose @entity9053 validation, steady-state @entity9053 development, and steady-state @entity9053 validation. @entity1 contributing data to either of the development cohorts were excluded from the corresponding validation group. @entity205 was given every 12 hours as a 2-hour infusion. @entity205 AUC was determined after administration of the first @entity205 dose (8 samples) and then once weekly (9 samples) until engraftment. Steady-state LSSs were developed using stepwise multiple linear regression. An @entity9053 was considered to provide an acceptable estimate of AUC if the lower limit of the 95% confidence limit (CL) of the intraclass coefficient was .8 or higher and both bias and precision were 15% or less. Fifty-three @entity1 age .4 to 18 years participated. @entity205 concentrations drawn up to 4 hours from the start of the infusion correlated most strongly with AUC. The previously developed first-dose LSSs and three steady-state LSSs met criteria for acceptability. The intraclass coefficients of the three-point first-dose @entity9053 validation cohort, three-point steady-state @entity9053 development cohort, and three-point steady-state @entity9053 validation cohort were .974 (95% CL: .941 to .988), .984 (95% CL: .965 to .993), and .993 (95% CL: .984 to .997), respectively. The three-point first-dose (2, 6, and 8 hours) and steady-state (2, 2.5, and 8 hours) LSSs are valid measures of @entity205 AUC after intravenous administration over 2 hours. Their use in a prospective evaluation of the relationship between @entity205 AUC and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation clinical outcomes in @entity1 is suggested.

title: Prediction of area under the XXXX concentration versus time curve in @entity1 undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['limited sampling strategy', 'LSS']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: The mRNAs encoding protamines 1 and 2, transition proteins 1 and 2, and the @entity17009 are translationally repressed with long poly(A) tracts in early spermatids and translationally active with heterogenous shortened poly(A) tracts in late spermatids (Kleene, 1989). In the present study, the spacing of ribosomes on the translationally active forms of each mRNA was calculated from the length of the coding region and the polysome size determined by @entity969 gradient and Northern blot analysis. In addition, the rate of initiation of these five mRNAs was compared in the reticulocyte cell-free translation lysate. Our results reveal at least four additional forms of translational control over these mRNAs: (1) The vast majority of the active forms of the @entity22154 mRNA and both protamine mRNAs sediment with polysomes in which the ribosomes are spaced closer than is typical of @entity1 mRNAs (31-38 vs 80-100 bases apart). This implies that the rate of initiation is unusually fast and/or that the rate of elongation is unusually slow. (2) The @entity17009 mRNA also initiates efficiently in vivo and in vitro, but sediments with polysomes in which the ribosomes are spaced wider than on the protamine mRNAs. The small size of these polysomes can be explained by inefficient insertion of @entity16266 residues at UGA codons. (3) The @entity18044 mRNA is translated on small polysomes and a relatively large fraction sediments as free mRNPs in vivo. In addition, the @entity18044 mRNA initiates translation inefficiently at high mRNA concentration and efficiently at low mRNA concentration in vitro. These observations suggest that the @entity18044 mRNA may be translated inefficiently because it is a weak competitor for a limiting initiation factor. (4) Since low levels of @entity1880 fail to increase the polysome loading of @entity18044 mRNA in culture, active single ribosomes may also be limited in late spermatids.

title: Multiple controls over the efficiency of translation of the mRNAs encoding transition proteins, protamines, and the XXXX in late spermatids in mice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity22154 :: ('7141', 'Gene') :: ['transition protein 1']

entities_list: @entity16266 :: ('MESH:D017279', 'Chemical') :: ['selenocysteine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity17009 :: ('17235(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein']

answer: @entity17009 :: (17235(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein']


abstract: Spontaneous excavation of primary @entity2 is common; however cavitation of metastatic lung lesions is rare and usually confused with benign lesions. In Moroccan context @entity378 is the first suspected diagnosis of lung excavations. We report a rare case of cavitary lung metastasis of a @entity5 , treated initially as @entity378 . A 40-year old non-smoking @entity1 with a known history of @entity957 since August 2005; presented on September 2008 with right @entity662 without @entity221 , @entity5492 or @entity353 . CT scan showed a thin walled cavity. Empirical Antibiotic therapy was conducted 15 days with poor outcome. Then antibacillary treatment was started with no proof of @entity281 . A month later, the @entity1 presented with gynecological @entity548 and a pneumothorax. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy of the cavitary mass was performed. Pathology demonstrated a @entity957 . Pelvic examination and MRI showed a subsequent local cervix recurrence. @entity1 underwent 3 courses of systemic chemotherapy. She died on June 2009 due to progressive disease. Even cavitary lung metastases are rare and benign differential diagnosis are more common, clinician should be careful in neoplastic context and investigation should be done to eliminate a recurrence.

title: Unusual case of cavitary lung metastasis from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['uterine cervix cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix', 'metastatic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity5492 :: ('MESH:D006469', 'Disease') :: ['hemoptysis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: Data from 1,878 courses of intravenous @entity2177 therapy, administered to 1,869 @entity1 in 59 clinical trials, were analyzed for drug safety. The 985 @entity1 and 884 @entity1 had a mean age of 50 years, and more than one third were over 60 years of age. An overwhelming majority had at least one accompanying @entity262 , and the condition of more than half the @entity1 was only fair or poor at the onset of therapy. @entity2177 was administered in a unit dose of either 200 mg (68 percent of the @entity1 ) or 300 mg (28 percent) by intravenous infusion, generally over 30 minutes every 12 hours, at a mean daily dosage of 456 mg. The duration of intravenous therapy ranged from one to 57 days, with a mean of seven days; over 1,000 @entity1 were treated for more than five days. Adverse events considered probably or possibly related to intravenous @entity2177 were reported in 15.8 percent of the courses; therapy was discontinued prematurely in 3 percent. Local reactions at the site of infusion were the most common, occurring in 4.4 percent of the courses. Changes in blood chemistry values (4.1 percent) included increases in @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity492 aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Reports of adverse effects referable to the gastrointestinal tract (3.0 percent) were primarily @entity390 and @entity294 . Central nervous system reactions (1.8 percent) included @entity410 , @entity10 , and @entity1296 . In comparative trials, events considered probably or possibly drug related were reported for 17.3 and 13.6 percent of the @entity2177 - and @entity5505 -treated @entity1 , respectively. The incidence of adverse events other than local reactions at the infusion site was not significantly different between the @entity2177 - and @entity5505 -treated @entity1 (12.7 percent versus 11.0 percent, p greater than 0.2).

title: Safety of intravenous XXXX . A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive seizures']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of @entity1 who had a elective @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) or radical nephrectomy (RN) for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) of 4-7 cm. @entity1 AND METHODS: From March 1998 to July 2004, 45 and 151 @entity1 underwent @entity1625 and RN, respectively, for clear cell @entity1358 . A multivariate Cox model was constructed for disease-free survival with adjustment for markers of disease severity, and a propensity-score approach used as a confirmatory analysis. RESULTS: In the @entity1625 and RN cohorts the treatment failed in one and 20 @entity1 , respectively; the median follow-up was 21 months. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for @entity1625 after adjusting for disease severity was 0.36 (0.05-2.82; P = 0.3). Using planned @entity1625 as a predictor (intent-to-treat analysis) the hazard ratio was 1.06 (0.32-3.53; P = 0.9). In the propensity-score model, planned @entity1625 was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.75 (0.50-6.14; P = 0.4). The serum @entity1011 level 3 months after surgery was significantly lower in @entity1 who had @entity1625 , with a difference between the means of 0.36 (0.23-0.48; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Renal function was preserved after @entity1625 for 4-7 cm @entity1358 . When comparing the outcomes of @entity1625 and RN it is important to consider the intended operation as an independent variable. There was no clear evidence that @entity1625 was associated with worse @entity5 control, although a continued follow-up of this and other cohorts is warranted.

title: Comparison of outcomes in elective partial vs radical nephrectomy for XXXX of 4-7 cm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell RCC tumours', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: To analyze @entity1 outcomes and risk factors associated with proximal junctional @entity1513 (PJK) in adults undergoing long posterior spinal fusion. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of PJK and its effect on @entity1 outcomes and to identify any risk factors associated with developing PJK. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The incidence of PJK and its affect on outcomes in @entity85 @entity1 is unknown. No study has concentrated on outcomes of @entity1 with PJK. Risk factors for developing PJK are unknown. METHODS: Radiographic data on 81 consecutive @entity85 @entity1 with minimum 2-year follow-up (average 5.3 years, range 2-16 years) treated with long instrumented segmental posterior spinal fusion was collected. Preoperative diagnosis was adult scoliosis, sagittal imbalance or both. Radiographic measurements analyzed included the sagittal Cobb angle at the proximal junction on preoperative, early postoperative, and final follow-up standing long cassette radiographs. Additional measurements used for analysis included the C7-Sacrum sagittal plumb and the T5-T12 sagittal Cobb. Postoperative SRS-24 scores were available on 73 @entity1 . RESULTS: Incidence of PJK as defined was 26%. @entity1 with PJK did not have lower outcomes scores. PJK did not produce a more positive sagittal C7 plumb. PJK was more common at T3 in the upper thoracic spine. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of proximal junctional @entity1513 was high, but SRS-24 scores were not significantly affected in @entity1 with PJK. The sagittal C7 plumb was not significantly more positive in PJK @entity1 . No @entity1 , radiographic, or instrumentation variables were identified as risk factors for developing PJK.

title: Proximal junctional @entity1513 in adult XXXX following long instrumented posterior spinal fusion: incidence, outcomes, and risk factor analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['adult deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']


abstract: Current methods of ligating venous branches during in situ vein tibial bypass are associated with significant wound complications, especially in @entity6 . Making only proximal and distal wound incisions could avoid these wound problems. We report the use of endovascular techniques with coils and balloons guided by intraoperative arteriography and angioscopy to obliterate arteriovenous (AV) @entity292 in three elderly @entity6 @entity1 undergoing tibial bypass. In all cases the proximal and distal vessels were first isolated and deemed suitable for bypass. The greater saphenous vein was prepared for the proximal and distal anastomosis, and angioscopically guided valvulotomy was performed. An introducer sheath was placed through a large proximal saphenous side branch for vascular access. With the use of fluoroscopy, @entity2548 were serially identified and cannulated with a guidewire. A guide catheter, passed over the wire into the side branch, served as the conduit through which coils and balloons were placed. Proximal and distal anastomoses were completed and arteriography performed. We were successful in obliterating @entity2548 in all three @entity1 , but completion arteriography revealed additional @entity2548 requiring surgical ligation in two @entity1 . Furthermore, operative time was increased by 1 1/2 to 5 hours. Two of three @entity1 had @entity2737 , one at the proximal and one at the distal incision. All @entity1 were discharged with a functioning bypass and no @entity2548 were seen on duplex scans. Endovascular obliteration of @entity2548 is feasible but is currently limited by prolonged operative time and incomplete obliteration.

title: Endovascular obliteration of in situ saphenous vein arteriovenous XXXX during tibial bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AV fistulas']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: @entity16663 consist of benign @entity652 and highly malignant @entity189 with a still incompletely understood pathogenesis. A total of 46 @entity16663 (24 @entity652 and 22 @entity189 ) were investigated aiming to identify novel genes involved in adrenocortical tumorigenesis. High-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (Affymetrix) were used to detect copy number alterations (CNAs) and copy neutral losses of heterozygosity (cnLOH). Genomic clustering showed good separation between @entity652 and @entity189 , with best partition including only chromosome 5, which was highly amplified in 17/22 @entity5 . The @entity5 had more relevant genomic aberrations than @entity5 , such as a higher median number of recurrent CNA (2631 vs 94), CNAs >100 Kb (62.5 vs 7) and CN losses (72.5 vs 5.5), and a higher percentage of samples with cnLOH (91% vs 29%). Within the @entity189 cohort, a precise genetic pattern (i.e. large gains at chr 5, 7, 12, and 19, and losses at chr 1, 2, 13, 17, and 22) was associated with a better prognosis (overall survival: 72.2 vs 35.4 months, P=0.063). Interestingly, >70% of gains frequent in benign were also present in @entity5 . Notch signaling was the most frequently involved pathway in both @entity5 entities. Finally, a @entity1017 at imprinted " @entity5100 locus chr 11p15.5 appeared to be an early alteration in a @entity5 progression, followed by the loss of one or two alleles, associated with increased @entity5100 expression, only in @entity189 . Our study serves as database for the identification of genes and pathways, such as Notch signaling, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity16663 . Using these data, we postulate an @entity2513 sequence for these @entity5 .

title: Single nucleotide polymorphism array profiling of XXXX --evidence for an @entity2513 sequence?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'multi-step tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors', 'Adrenocortical tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between impaired postural control and freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is still unclear. Our aim was to identify if @entity51 and gait dysfunction progress differently in freezers compared to non-freezers and whether this relates to @entity6556 development. METHODS: 76 @entity191 @entity1 , classified as freezer (n  =  17) or non-freezer (n  =  59), and 24 controls underwent a gait and postural control assessments at baseline and after 12 months follow-up. Non-freezers who developed @entity6556 during the study period were categorized as @entity6556 converters (n  =  5). Gait was analyzed during walking at self-preferred pace. Postural control was assessed using the Mini-BESTest and its sub-categories: sensory orientation, anticipatory, reactive and dynamic postural control. RESULTS: Mini-BESTest scores were lower in @entity191 compared to controls (p  <  0.001), and in freezers compared to non-freezers (p  =  0.02). @entity191 has worse anticipatory (p  =  0.01), reactive (p  =  0.02) and dynamic postural control (p  =  0.003) compared to controls. Freezers scored lower on dynamic postural control compared to non-freezers (p  =  0.02). There were no baseline differences between converters and non-converters. Decline in postural control was worse in @entity191 compared to controls (p  =  0.02) as shown by a greater decrease in the total Mini-BESTest score. Similar patterns were found in freezers (p  =  0.006), who also showed more decline in anticipatory (p  <  0.001) and dynamic postural control (p  =  0.02) compared to non-freezers. @entity6556 converters had a greater decline in the total Mini-BESTest (p  =  0.005) and dynamic postural control scores (p  =  0.04) compared to non-converters. Gait outcomes showed no significant differences in any of the analyses. CONCLUSION: @entity6556 is associated with more severe decline in postural control, which can be detected by the clinical Mini-BESTest.

title: Progression of postural control and XXXX in @entity191 and freezing of gait: A longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['postural control deficits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['gait deficits']


abstract: In sexually reproducing organisms, @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) give rise to the cells of the germ line, the gametes. In many animals, @entity2971 are set apart from somatic cells early during embryogenesis. Work in @entity238 , C. elegans, @entity1238 , and @entity3392 has shown that maternally provided localized cytoplasmic determinants specify the germ line in these organisms (Raz, E., 2003. Primordial germ-cell development: the @entity3392 perspective. Nat. Rev., Genet. 4, 690--700; Santos, A.C., Lehmann, R., 2004. Germ cell specification and migration in @entity238 and beyond. Curr. Biol. 14, R578-R589). The @entity238 RNA-binding protein, @entity40072 is required for germ cell formation, and mutations in @entity40072 result in a maternal effect grandchild-less phenotype (Schupbach,T., Weischaus, E., 1989. Female sterile mutations on the second chromosome of @entity238 :1. Maternal effect mutations. Genetics 121, 101-17). Here we describe the functions of two @entity3392 @entity40072 -related proteins, @entity46968 and @entity46969 . When @entity46968 or @entity46969 functions are compromised in embryos by injecting antisense morpholino modified oligonucleotides or dominant-negative @entity40072 peptides, germ layer patterning is not affected. However, expression of the @entity46970 marker vasa is not maintained. Furthermore, expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP):nanos 3'UTR fusion protein in germ cells shows that @entity46970 migration is aberrant, and the mis-migrating @entity2971 do not survive in @entity40072 -compromised embryos. @entity46969 is also required for survival of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). These phenotypes are rescued by co-injection of @entity238 @entity40072 mRNA. Thus, @entity40072 has an evolutionarily conserved function in germ cells. In addition, we have identified a function for @entity40072 proteins in @entity46970 migration.

title: XXXX Staufen1 and Staufen2 are required for the survival and migration of @entity2971 .

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['primordial germ cells', 'PGCs']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Zebrafish']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although @entity4671 is widely used for @entity1170 ( @entity1170 ), there is no consensus on the optimal induction agent and no prospective pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ) study exists. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of @entity4671 as an induction agent for @entity1170 in the pediatric @entity341 . METHODS: Data on @entity1170 conditions and complications were collected prospectively on @entity1 undergoing @entity1170 in a tertiary pediatric @entity341 from January 2003 to December 2003. @entity341 hemodynamic data and inpatient data were collected retrospectively via chart review. RESULTS: Seventy-seven of 101 @entity1 requiring intubation underwent @entity1170 with @entity4671 . The mean (+/- SD) age was 8.2 (+/- 6.2) years. All 77 @entity1 were successfully intubated. Intubation condition data were available for 69 of 77 @entity1 (89.6%). Conditions were good in 68 of 69 (99%; 95% confidence interval = 92.2% to 99.9%). The mean (+/- SD) maximal percent @entity551 was 10% (+/- 13.6%). A greater than 20% maximal percent @entity551 occurred in 12 of 69 @entity1 (17.4%; 95% confidence interval = 9.3% to 28.4%). There was no relationship between @entity410 after @entity4671 administration and prior @entity410 history (p = 0.25). @entity288 were given to 29 of 77 @entity1 post- @entity1170 for varying diagnoses. All eight @entity1 given corticosteroids for @entity1457 were in @entity1457 at the time of intubation. CONCLUSIONS: In the pediatric @entity341 setting, @entity4671 as an induction agent provided successful @entity1170 conditions and resulted in varied hemodynamic changes that were especially favorable in those @entity1 presenting in decompensated @entity1457 . @entity551 and @entity410 were uncommon and occurred in @entity1 with confounding diagnoses. Until the significance of a single dose of @entity4671 on @entity409 is further clarified, caution should be used in those @entity1 at risk for @entity1887 .

title: Use of @entity4671 as an induction agent for XXXX in a pediatric @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'rapid sequence intubation']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'decrease in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1170 :: (MESH:C564983,Disease) :: ['rapid sequence intubation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the acute effect of exposure to a mixture of three commonly used solvents in @entity1 using a route of exposure not involving the nose and lungs, in this case a gastrointestinal application. METHODS: In a 2(3)-factorial experiment eight healthy male volunteers were exposed to the eight combinations of @entity8336 (1. 5 and 4 mg. @entity1009 )) @entity4965 (1.5 and 4 mg. @entity1009 )), and @entity1045 (0.3 and 1.0 mg. @entity1009 )) for 60 min given into the stomach via a feeding tube. The body burden was measured by the exhaled solvent concentrations and the urinary excretion of metabolites during and after exposure. The subjective ratings of tiredness, @entity25 , @entity10 , @entity390 , and dizziness were estimated by continuous linear analogue rating scales before and 30, 90, and 240 min after the start of exposure. RESULTS: Concentrations of the three solvents in the end exhaled air varied between 0 and 46 mg. @entity1009 ). The ratings of symptoms were generally low and there was no difference between the high and low doses. Neither was there any correlation between the concentration of solvents in the exhaled air and the ratings. CONCLUSIONS: The study show no effects at levels in end exhaled air of mixtures of solvents which in inhalation studies have given signs of a possible @entity2359 effect. The lack of symptoms using this alternative route supports the hypothesis that " @entity2359 " symptoms in relation to exposure to very low air concentrations of solvents are mainly indirect, mediated by irritation or smell.

title: Acute symptoms during non-inhalation exposure to combinations of XXXX , @entity4965 , and @entity1045 .

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['nausea, feeling of intoxication']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity8336 :: (MESH:D014050,Chemical) :: ['toluene']


abstract: The present study on in vitro fertilization in @entity1 demonstrates that three-dimensional (3-D) fine morphology by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with parallel light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can reveal a number of new cellular detailed findings which cannot be detected with other methods. In this study the following aspects have been investigated in early @entity1 embryos. 1. Micro-topographical features of the zona pellucida (ZP), surface blastomeres and polar body. 2. Intracytoplasmic features of mature and healthy oocyte, @entity52 ( @entity52 ) oocyte and early embryo development. 3. Comparison of general views of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and conventional @entity52 (C- @entity52 ) of early embryos. 4. Presence of unusual large tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) aggregates in 4, 5, and 6-cell embryos after ICSI. 5. Inside views of 3-D blastocysts such as inner cell mass and trophoblast. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such images are reported by using these techniques.

title: Ultrastructural dynamic features of in vitro fertilization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in vitro fertilized', 'IVF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: The present study examined the effects of a series of tricyclic muscarinic receptor antagonists on muscarinic receptors present in the @entity840 ileum, both in vitro and in vivo. The selectivity profiles of these antagonists and that of @entity3897 were determined by their affinity for cortical muscarinic M1, cardiac M2 and submandibular M3 receptors and for m4 receptors expressed in CHO cells. The compounds @entity4140 , UH-AH 37, AQ-RA 391 and AQ-RA 618 possessed high affinity (pKi 7.94-8.22) for muscarinic M1 receptors. @entity4140 exhibited the most pronounced muscarinic M1 selectivity. AF-DX 384 and AQ-RA 741 possessed an approximately 10-fold higher affinity for the cardiac muscarinic M2 receptor than AF-DX 116. However, both compounds also exhibited high affinity for muscarinic m4 receptors. High affinity for muscarinic M3 and m4 receptors was observed for UH-AH 37, AQ-RA 391 and AQ-RA 681. The antagonists were then tested for their interaction with the muscarinic receptors which are responsible for the @entity2710 -induced contraction of longitudinal muscle in vitro, circular muscle in vivo and muscarinic receptors which mediate the distension-evoked ascending reflex contraction of circular muscle in vitro. Compounds showing high affinity for muscarinic M3 receptors (e.g. AQ-RA 618) were the most potent antagonists in the functional experiments. Comparison of the binding displacement data with the functional results indicates that the effects of @entity2710 on the longitudinal and circular muscle of the @entity840 ileum were predominantly mediated by muscarinic M3-type receptors. In contrast, the correlation between muscarinic M2 receptor affinity and antagonism of muscarinic receptors in the ileum was very weak.

title: Pharmacological profile of selective muscarinic receptor antagonists on XXXX ileal smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirenzepine', 'pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in @entity731 . Acute @entity301 may be precipitated by MMPs through degradation of the fibrous cap and subsequent plaque disruption. @entity563 proteases such as @entity1351 activate MMPs and may contribute to plaque events. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is widely used for treatment of acute @entity10260 @entity583 ( @entity583 ). In the present study we assessed whether thrombolytic therapy with rtPA in @entity1 with @entity583 influences serum levels of @entity1476 and @entity1495 . METHODS: We recruited 108 @entity1 (92 @entity1 , mean age 64 +/- 12 years) with @entity583 , of whom 84 (78%) received thrombolytic treatment with rtPA and 24 (22%) did not. @entity1476 and @entity1495 levels were assessed at hospital admission (baseline), and at 24 and 72 h after admission, using a commercially available ELISA. RESULTS: Overall, @entity1495 levels were higher in the thrombolysis group compared to @entity1 without thrombolysis (p < 0.001). Thrombolysis treatment significantly affected the change in @entity1495 levels during the 72-h study period (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that thrombolysis could affect circulating levels of @entity1495 in @entity583 @entity1 . Whether this effect may lead to plaque instability deserves further investigation.

title: Alteplase treatment affects circulating matrix metalloproteinase concentrations in @entity1 with @entity10260 segment elevation acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Two @entity1 with serologically-proven @entity778 and Morbitz type I second degree atrioventricular (AV) block are described. A 7 years old @entity1 ( @entity1 1) with grade 2 and a 7 years old @entity1 ( @entity1 2) with grade 3 illness were admitted to the hospital on the 3rd and the 5th day of the illness, respectively. Both had typical resentation for @entity7643 including @entity221 , @entity382 , @entity882 and signs of extravascular leakage. The 7 year old @entity1 also had @entity1415 and @entity417 (Hct 24%). Morbitz type I second degree and 2:1 @entity713 developed on day 7 ( @entity1 1) and day 8 ( @entity1 2) of the illness, both during recovery periods. @entity1 1 also had occasional monomorphic @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ). There was no other abnormality in the 12-lead EKGS and echocardiograms showed normal ventricular systolic function in both. Other than mild @entity1371 (3.3 and 3.4 mgq/l), serum electrolytes were normal. Neither @entity1 had elevation of serum @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK). In @entity1 1, exercise (on day 10) normalized AV conduction and abolished the @entity1540 . Follow up EKG and physical examination at 10 months after the illness was normal. The rhythm in @entity1 2 resolved to @entity713 (with occasional morbitz type I second degree at night) on day 12. In this @entity1 , exercise resulted in shortening of the PR interval and Valsalva maneuver resulted in further PR prolongation. The @entity1 was well at 1-month follow up with a mormal EKG. Morbitz type I second degree @entity713 during recovery from @entity7643 may be a transient functional impairment of the AV node, in which altered autonomic tone may play a role.

title: Morbitz type I second degree XXXX during recovery from @entity7643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['dengue virus infection']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', '1st degree AV block']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contraction', 'PVC']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['AV block']


abstract: GOALS OF WORK: The current study was designed to longitudinally examine @entity304 ( @entity304 ) and quality of life (QoL) in couples confronted with disseminated @entity5 . The objectives were to examine couples' patterns of adjustment over time and possible differences in adjustment between the @entity1 and his partner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Couples completed the Impact of Event Scale and the QoL subscales physical functioning, social functioning, and mental health of the RAND-36 before chemotherapy (T1), after completion of chemotherapy (T2), and 1 year later (T3). RESULTS: Before chemotherapy 26% of the @entity1 and 50% of partners reported clinically elevated levels of @entity304 . @entity1 reported lower physical and social functioning at T2 compared to T1 and T3. Partners reported an improvement in social functioning over the year and no changes in physical functioning or mental health. No relationships between @entity1 and partners' functioning were found. One year after diagnosis, QoL of @entity1 and partners was similar to that of reference groups, and @entity1 even reported better physical functioning than the reference group. @entity304 of @entity1 and partners were negatively related at T1, and @entity1 and partners' social functioning were positively related at T2. CONCLUSIONS: According to stress response levels, the period before the start of chemotherapy was most stressful for couples. Adjustment patterns differ between @entity5 @entity1 and their partners with @entity1 reporting lowered QoL after completion of chemotherapy. QoL of couples returned to normal levels 1 year after diagnosis. The effect of disseminated @entity5 on the QoL of @entity1 and their partners seems to be temporary. A minority may need clinical attention for severe @entity304 .

title: XXXX : a longitudinal pilot study on @entity304 and quality of life in couples before and after chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['SRS', 'stress response symptoms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Testicular cancer']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of @entity786 , @entity1499 , @entity701 , and @entity205 on a model of @entity738 in the terminal ileum and draining lymph nodes of the @entity840 . Treatment groups of six animals were used and compared to untreated groups of 12. Epithelioid cell @entity738 and primary macrophage @entity738 were induced by the inoculation of BCG (Pasteur) and irradiated @entity4430 respectively into the terminal ileum of the @entity840 . The response to purified protein derivative of tuberculin was reduced in both groups of animals receiving any of these agents. @entity786 and @entity1499 treated animals inoculated with BCG or @entity4430 showed a significant reduction of @entity738 at the inoculation site (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001 respectively). BCG inoculated animals treated with either @entity701 or @entity205 showed no reduction in @entity738 at either the inoculation site or the draining lymph nodes. By contrast @entity4430 inoculated animals receiving either of these agents showed a significant reduction of @entity738 at both the inoculation site (p less than 0.001) and in the primary draining lymph node (p less than 0.001). Ziehl Neelsen staining showed an increased proportion of animals with detectable acid fast bacilli (AFB) at the inoculation site in the groups receiving @entity701 (50%) and @entity1499 (67%) compared to untreated controls (8%). No AFB were observed in any of the animals inoculated with @entity4430 . In conclusion, this model may be helpful in elucidating the mechanism of T lymphocyte response in @entity30 and the variable clinical response seen with the use of immunosuppressive agents in this condition.

title: Effect of the immune modulating agents @entity786 , @entity1499 , @entity701 , and XXXX on an animal model of granulomatous bowel disease.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous infiltration', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['M leprae', 'Mycobacterium leprae']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: A 58-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal fullness and @entity448 . Abdominal CT scan revealed @entity788 with @entity298 , combined with lymph node and liver @entity3 . Cytology of @entity843 showed @entity5 . Abnormally high values of CA19-9 (1,908 U/mL) and @entity10224 (545 U/mL) were detected in serum. Histologically, metastatic @entity420 was recognized by laparoscopic biopsy of peritoneal dissemination. We performed systemic chemotherapy of @entity11730 , @entity136 and peritoneal infusion of @entity1311 for nonresected @entity788 . After 5 courses, @entity843 disappeared and the serum CA19-9 and @entity10224 levels regained their normal value. Peritoneal seeding was not found by second laparoscopic examination 20 months after beginning chemotherapy. Thus, we consider the @entity1 had an effective response, and performed distal pancreatectomy and proximal resection of the stomach. Histological examination of the @entity75 revealed no @entity5 cells where @entity82 presented.

title: [A resected case of effective treatment with @entity11730 / @entity136 and @entity1311 combination chemotherapy for advanced XXXX with peritoneal and liver @entity3 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['massive ascites showing peritoneal dissemination']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Since the report by Dr. Huggins, the Nobel prize winner, hormonotherapy has been a predominant treatment modality for @entity263 for decades around the world because of its anti- @entity5 effect and simplicity. In the 1960's, the Veterans Administration Co-operative Urological Research Group (VA CURG) in the U.S.A. claimed that synthetic @entity172 had significant adverse effects such as @entity455 , which dissipated the merits of @entity172 . They reported that a group of @entity263 @entity1 who underwent @entity172 therapy showed the same survival as a no treatment group. The normal prostate gland is dependent on @entity342 for its development, growth and function as well as @entity263 . Ninety to 95% of @entity3800 are synthesized in testicular Leydig cells under the control of the @entity444 , and the remaining @entity3800 come from the adrenal glands. At any point along the axis from the hypothalamus to the prostate cell nuclei, @entity342 action on the prostate gland can be inhibited. Castration eliminates Leydig cells and @entity172 reduces the serum @entity251 level by negative feedback to the pituitary gland. Because of the significant side effects of @entity172 and the @entity130 brought about by castration, @entity1176 analogue could have received great popularity. But @entity323 is still a major consequence of this drug. For less invasive and more economical treatment modalities for @entity263 , effective anti-androgenic drugs which do not cause @entity323 must be developed. And the mechanism of @entity342 independence must be elucidated to obtain a more effective and complete hormonotherapy for @entity263 .

title: [Hormonotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['mental injury']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4512 at multiple sites is common among working-age @entity1 and greatly increases work disability risk. Little is known of the work-related physical and psychosocial factors contributing to multi-site @entity158 . METHODS: Survey responses from 734 employees (518 blue- and 216 white-collar; 65  % female) of a food processing company were collected twice, in 2005 and 2009. Information on @entity4512 during the preceding week, and on environmental, biomechanical and psychosocial work exposures were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The association of multi-site @entity158 with work exposures was estimated with logistic regression by gender and age group. RESULTS: At baseline, 54  % of informants reported @entity158 in more than one area, and 50  % at 4-year follow-up. Forty percent of all employees had multi-site @entity158 both at baseline and at follow-up. Among those with multi-site @entity158 at baseline, 69  % had multi-site @entity158 at follow-up. Both repetitive work and awkward work postures at baseline were associated with multi-site @entity158 at follow-up. Psychosocial factors (low job satisfaction, low team spirit, and little opportunity to exert influence at work) also strongly predicted multi-site @entity158 at follow-up, especially among younger workers and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This prospective study provides new evidence of the high occurrence and persistence of @entity4512 at multiple body sites in an industrial population with a strong association between biomechanical and psychosocial exposures at work and multi-site @entity158 . Prevention of multi-site @entity158 with many-sided modification of work exposures is likely to @entity717 .

title: Do physical or psychosocial factors at work predict XXXX ? A 4-year follow-up study in an industrial population.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal pain', 'musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reduce work disability']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['multi-site musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Recent data suggest that panchromoscopy using @entity6693 can improve the detection of intraepithelial neoplastic lesions in the context of surveillance colonoscopy for @entity1 with chronic @entity31 . This method has also been shown to provide a more accurate diagnosis of the extent of disease and inflammatory activity. @entity5 are known to occur in @entity1 with chronic @entity31 despite the adoption of currently accepted surveillance biopsy protocols. We hypothesised that targeted chromoscopy alone, with high-magnification imaging, may increase the total number of intraepithelial neoplastic lesions detected, compared with conventional colonoscopy and biopsy surveillance according to current protocols. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 350 @entity1 with long-standing @entity31 (>or=8 years) underwent surveillance colonoscopy using high-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy (HMCC). Quadrantic biopsies at 10-cm intervals were taken on extubation in addition to targeted biopsies of abnormal mucosal areas. @entity75 were further evaluated using modified Kudo crypt pattern analysis. These data were compared with data from 350 disease duration- and disease extent-matched control @entity1 who had undergone conventional colonoscopic surveillance between January 2001 and April 2005. RESULTS: Significantly more intraepithelial neoplastic lesions were detected in the magnification chromoscopy group compared with controls (69 vs. 24, P<0.0001). @entity5436 was observed in 67 lesions, of which 53 (79%) were detected using magnification chromoscopy alone. Chromoscopy increased the number of flat lesions with @entity5436 detected compared with controls (P<0.001). Twenty intraepithelial neoplastic lesions were detected from 12,850 non-targeted biopsies in the HMCC group (0.16%), while 49 intraepithelial neoplastic lesions were detected from the 644 targeted biopsies in the HMCC group (8%). From 12,482 non-targeted biopsies taken in the control group @entity1 , 18 (0.14%) showed @entity5436 . The yield of intraepithelial neoplastic lesions from targeted biopsies in the control group (i. e. without HMCC imaging), however, was only modestly improved at 1.6% (6/369). Using modified Kudo criteria, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions using HMCC were 93% and 88% respectively. The total procedure time was significantly longer in the HMCC group compared with controls (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Magnification chromoscopy improves the detection of @entity5436 in the endoscopic screening of @entity1 with chronic @entity31 . Neoplastic and non-neoplastic mucosal change can be predicted with a high overall accuracy using magnification techniques. These adjunctive endoscopic techniques have important clinical implications and may lead to changes in current practice guidelines.

title: Indigo carmine-assisted high-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy for the detection and characterisation of XXXX in @entity31 : a prospective evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Defined lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Interval cancers']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['Intraepithelial neoplasia', 'intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: In previous studies, we demonstrated that the histopathological effects of @entity1487 on @entity14 corresponded with the clinical effects. We measured the chemosensitivity of @entity14 to @entity1487 by @entity98 assay using specimens from colonoscopy, and compared this with the histopathological effects. Forty-five @entity1 with histologically proven @entity14 were enlisted for this study. @entity1 first underwent colonoscopy, and @entity98 assays were performed. Afterwards, preoperative UFT chemotherapy at a dose of 600 mg/day was given over 10 days before the operation. The histopathological effects of the resected @entity5 in response to @entity1487 were estimated. Seven of 37 @entity1 were judged sensitive to @entity1487 by @entity98 assay. The response rate was 18.9%. On the other hand, 30 of 37 were evaluated as insensitive. Five of 7 @entity1 with sensitivity to @entity1487 were also evaluated as sensitive according to the histopathological effects. The sensitivity true positive rate was 71.4%. Twenty-nine @entity1 without sensitivity to @entity1487 were also evaluated as insensitive according to the histopathological effects. The specificity true negative rate was 96.7%, and the accuracy rate was 91.9%. The chemosensitivity of @entity14 to @entity1487 , determined by @entity98 assay, was nearly consistent with the histopathological effects, so it may also be expected to correspond with the clinical effects.

title: [Comparative study of histopathological effects of preoperative chemotherapy using UFT and in vitro @entity98 assay of colonoscopy specimens from XXXX with @entity14 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The gating and permeation properties of two types of @entity460 channels were studied in the @entity521 cell line N1E-115. @entity460 channel currents as carried by @entity8594 (50 mM) were recorded using the whole-cell variation of the patch electrode voltage-clamp technique. The two types of @entity460 channels showed similar membrane potential dependence with respect to the steady-state activation and inactivation gating properties. However, the properties of the long-lasting type II channels were shifted approximately 30 mV in the depolarizing direction compared with those of the transient type I channels. Activation of type I channels developed with a sigmoidal time course which was described by m2 kinetics, whereas the activation of type II channels was described by a single exponential function. Tail current upon repolarization followed an exponential decay in either type of @entity460 channels. In comparison to type I channels, the activation process of type II channels was shifted approximately 30 mV in the positive direction, while the deactivation process showed a 60 mV shift in the positive direction. The rate constants of activation obtained from the activation and deactivation processes indicated that under comparable membrane potential conditions, type II channels close 2.4 times faster than type I channels upon repolarization. When external 50 mM @entity8594 was replaced with @entity141 or @entity15410 on the equimolar basis, the amplitudes of transient and long-lasting currents were altered without a significant change in their time courses. The ion permeability ratios determined from the maximum amplitude of the inward current were as follows: @entity8594 (1.0) = @entity15410 (1.0) greater than @entity141 (0.7) for type I channels, and @entity8594 (1.0) greater than @entity15410 (0.7) greater than @entity141 (0.3) for type II channels. Replacement of @entity8594 with @entity141 caused a 10-12 mV positive shift in the current-voltage relation for type II channels. However, the shift for type I channels was much less. This suggests that negative surface charges are present around type II channels. After correction for the surface charge effect on the ion permeation, there was no significant difference between the permeability ratios of these cations for the two channel types. It was concluded that the two types of @entity460 channels have many common properties in their gating and permeation mechanisms despite their differential voltage sensitivity and ion selectivity.

title: Gating and permeation properties of two types of XXXX channels in @entity521 cells.

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Management of the enlarged, chronically dissected aorta after previous repair of acute aortic dissection or after a previous cardiac operation may present a formidable technical challenge. Marked enlargement of the proximal descending thoracic aorta precludes safe use of staged procedures, including the @entity7105 trunk technique. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with chronic @entity1580 (mean age, 56 years) underwent resection of the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, and varying segments of the descending thoracic aorta. We used single-stage replacement, with perfusion of the aortic arch first to minimize the duration of @entity2806 , with a bilateral anterior thoracotomy (clamshell) incision. Eleven @entity1 had undergone previous repair of acute @entity1129 dissection. Five @entity1 had @entity1129 dissection after aortic valve replacement (2 @entity1 ) and coronary artery bypass (3 @entity1 ). Marked enlargement of the aorta distal to the left subclavian artery precluded a 2-stage repair. The mean interval between the initial and reoperative procedures was 62 months (range, 5-137 months). RESULTS: There was 1 (6.2%; 70% confidence limits, 0.3%-24.7%) @entity204 . Four @entity1 required reoperation for @entity548 . One @entity1 required a right ventricular assist device that was successfully removed. Six @entity1 required assisted ventilation for more than 72 hours, and 3 @entity1 required a tracheostomy. All were successfully weaned from ventilatory support. No @entity1 had a @entity64 or other adverse neurologic outcome. CONCLUSION: The single-stage, arch-first replacement technique is a safe and effective procedure for @entity1 who require extensive reoperations for chronic expanding @entity1129 dissection.

title: Single-stage reoperative repair of chronic XXXX by means of the arch-first technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4270 has long been recognized as a key feature of major @entity308 , but little is known about the association between hedonic symptoms and neurobiological processes in @entity308 @entity1 . We investigated whether amygdala mood-congruent responses to emotional stimuli in @entity308 @entity1 are correlated with anhedonic symptoms at automatic levels of processing. METHODS: We measured amygdala responsiveness to subliminally presented sad and happy facial expressions in @entity308 @entity1 and matched healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Amygdala responsiveness was compared between @entity1 and healthy controls within @entity3750 (emotion) design. In addition, we correlated @entity1 ' amygdala responsiveness to sad and happy facial stimuli with self-report questionnaire measures of @entity4270 . RESULTS: We included 35 @entity1 and 35 controls in our study. As in previous studies, we observed a strong emotion x group interaction in the bilateral amygdala: @entity308 @entity1 showed greater amygdala responses to sad than happy faces, whereas healthy controls responded more strongly to happy than sad faces. The lack of automatic right amygdala responsiveness to happy faces in @entity308 @entity1 was associated with higher physical @entity4270 scores. LIMITATIONS: Almost all @entity308 @entity1 were taking antidepressant medications. CONCLUSION: We replicated our previous finding of @entity308 @entity1 showing automatic amygdala mood-congruent biases in terms of enhanced reactivity to negative emotional stimuli and reduced activity to positive emotional stimuli. The altered amygdala processing of positive stimuli in @entity1 was associated with @entity4270 scores. The results indicate that reduced amygdala responsiveness to positive stimuli may contribute to anhedonic symptoms due to @entity146 attribution to positive information at very early processing levels.

title: Mood-congruent amygdala responses to subliminally presented facial expressions in major @entity308 : associations with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced/inappropriate salience']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['Anhedonia', 'anhedonia']

answer: @entity4270 :: (MESH:D059445,Disease) :: ['anhedonia']


abstract: Since the early 1980s biologists have recognized that skeletal muscle generates free radicals. Of particular interest are two closely related redox cascades--reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and @entity842 (NO) derivatives. The ROS cascade is initiated by @entity224 anion radicals derived from the mitochondrial electron transport chain, the membrane-associated @entity1110 oxidase complex, or other sources. NO is produced by two NO synthase isoforms constitutively expressed by muscle fibers. ROS and NO derivatives are produced continually and are detectable in both the cytosolic and extracellular compartments. Production increases during strenuous exercise. Both ROS and NO modulate contractile function. Under basal conditions, low levels of ROS enhance force production. Excessive ROS accumulation inhibits force, for example, during fatiguing exercise. NO inhibits skeletal muscle contraction, an effect that is partially mediated by @entity8262 as a second messenger. With aging, redox modulation of muscle contraction may be altered by changes in the rates of ROS and NO production, the levels of endogenous antioxidants that buffer ROS and NO, and the sensitivities of regulatory proteins to ROS and NO action. The impact of aging on contractile regulation depends on the relative magnitude of these changes and their net effects on ROS and NO activities at the cellular level.

title: Generation of reactive XXXX and nitrogen species in contracting skeletal muscle: potential impact on aging.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']