abstract: A 30-year-old female developed @entity221 and multiple @entity3329 in September 2011. Her symptoms improved with antibiotic treatment. However, she again presented with @entity221 and multiple @entity3329 in December 2011. In addition, she suffered from @entity1985 with severe @entity4 . She was therefore hospitalized to undergo detailed examinations. Renal biopsy revealed @entity631 . Since her renal function deteriorated rapidly, she was given steroid pulse therapy with @entity1667 , followed by maintenance therapy with @entity617 . After treatment, her renal function improved but multiple @entity3329 persisted. Biopsy of a left axillary lymph node was then performed and revealed @entity784 ( @entity784 ). She received @entity3726 therapy but showed no response. Therefore, she was given ESHAP therapy. A partial response was achieved and the @entity1985 also resolved completely. We report this extremely rare case of @entity8 due to @entity631 complicated by @entity784 .

title: [Angioimmunoblastic XXXX complicated with @entity631 ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma', 'AITL']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T cell lymphoma']


abstract: The effects of a dietary challenge to induce digestive upsets and supplementation with @entity375 culture on rumen microbial fermentation were studied using 12 Holstein heifers (277 +/- 28 kg of BW) fitted with a ruminal cannula, in a crossover design with 2 periods of 5 wk. In each period, after 3 wk of adaptation to a 100% forage diet, the dietary challenge consisted of increasing the amount of grain at a rate of 2.5 kg/d (as-fed basis) over a period of 4 d, until a 10:90 forage:concentrate diet was reached, and then it was maintained for 10 d. Between periods, animals were fed again the 100% forage diet without any treatment for 1 wk as a wash-out period. Treatments started the first day of each period, and they were a control diet (CL) or the same diet with addition of @entity375 culture (YC, Diamond V XPCLS). Digestive upsets were determined by visual observation of bloat or by a reduction in feed intake (as-fed basis) of 50% or more compared with intake on the previous day. Feed intake was determined daily at 24-h intervals during the adaptation period and daily at 2, 6, and 12 h postfeeding during the dietary challenge. Ruminal liquid samples were collected daily during the dietary challenge to determine ruminal pH at 0, 3, 6, and 12 h postfeeding, and total and individual VFA, @entity880 , @entity3265 -N, and rumen fluid viscosity at 0 and 6 h postfeeding. The 16s rRNA gene copies of Streptococcus bovis and @entity6852 were determined by quantitative PCR. Foam height and strength of the rumen fluid were also determined the day after the digestive upset to evaluate potential foam production. A total of 20 cases (83.3%) of digestive upsets were recorded in both periods during the dietary challenge, all diagnosed due to a reduction in feed intake. Rumen fermentation profile at 0 h on the digestive upset day was characterized by low ruminal pH, which remained under 6.0 for 18 h, accompanied by elevated total VFA concentration and, in some cases, by elevated @entity880 concentration. Addition of YC during the dietary challenge did not affect the incidence (10 cases per treatment) or time (7.00 +/- 0.62 d) to digestive upset. However, YC reduced (P < 0.05) the foam strength on the day after digestive upset, suggesting potential benefits of reducing the risk of developing bloat. The proposed dietary challenge model was successful in causing a digestive upset as indicated by reduced feed intake, but the YC addition had no significant impact on rumen fermentation.

title: Effects of dietary changes and @entity375 culture ( XXXX ) on rumen microbial fermentation of Holstein heifers.

entities_list: @entity6852 :: ('907', 'Species') :: ['Megasphaera elsdenii']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid', 'lactate']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: A case of @entity1661 is described in a @entity1 with recurrent right lower @entity490 and low-grade fever without history of appendectomy. Past history included the use of an intrauterine device (IUD) until 10 years before manifestation of these symptoms. We followed up the @entity1 , via diagnostic imaging, for 7 months. On initial barium enema, a polypoid lesion was visualized at the bottom of the cecum and there was @entity15496 of the sigmoid colon; the appendix was not seen. Seven months later, poor extension at the cecum, severe @entity15496 in the sigmoid colon, and narrowing of the terminal ileum were also visualized. On computed tomography (CT), the lesion was initially localized only in the ileocecal region adjacent to the sigmoid colon. After 7 months, the lesion had infiltrated adjacent anatomic components and showed direct infiltration of the pelvic space. Differential diagnosis was difficult, as it was not obvious whether this was a @entity530 due to @entity189 . Laparotomy was performed. Macroscopically, the lesion was not limited to the ileocecal region, but involved the right ureter, tubes the @entity1494 , and abdominal wall. Pathology findings showed, chronic inflammatory tissue with evidence of @entity5850 . Although previous reports have described a lack of specific findings in this disease. When @entity5850 is suspected, CT is recommended to define its extent.

title: XXXX : barium enema and computed tomography findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Fallopian and ovary, bladder, psoas muscle']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation or appendiceal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity15496 :: ('MESH:D015877', 'Disease') :: ['constriction']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['Abdominal actinomycosis']


abstract: @entity8817 ( @entity8817 ) is characterized by the presence of @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) for 6 months or more in individuals who have normal muscle enzymes and no clinically significant @entity425 . The aim of the study was to investigate the initial laboratory data, clinical manifestations, complications, and clinical outcomes of @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity8817 . We reported 16 cases with the cutaneous findings of @entity6017 without clinical or laboratory evidence of @entity121 for at least 2 years after onset of the skin manifestations in the Department of Dermatology and Rheumatology at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital between 1998 and 2004. All @entity1 had Gottron's papules, periungual @entity8721 , and violaceous discoloration of the face, neck, upper chest, and back at some time during the course of their disease. Follow-up of 1 to 10 years after diagnosis found @entity425 in three @entity1 (18.75%) within 5 years of diagnosis. One @entity1 (6.15%) was rediagnosed as @entity9821 ( @entity9821 ). Four @entity1 (25%) had associated @entity5 . Twelve @entity1 (75%) had radiographic evidence indicative of @entity82 irrespective of respiratory symptoms. @entity1 with @entity8817 appear to be at risk for developing the same potentially fatal disease complications as those @entity1 with @entity6017 (e.g., @entity401 and @entity5 ). These cases further emphasize that the cutaneous manifestations of @entity6017 are pathognomonic for @entity6017 and we propose the term @entity6017 -like @entity272 as a better designation than @entity8817 to describe this distinctive subset of cutaneous symptoms. @entity6017 -like @entity272 is a complex syndrome, which includes the characteristic cutaneous eruption of @entity6017 without clinical evidence of @entity121 . Our findings suggest that @entity1 diagnosed with this syndrome are at risk for fatal @entity401 , @entity5 , and/or delayed onset of @entity6017 or @entity9821 . Cautious systematic clinical trials should be considered for this group of @entity1 .

title: XXXX or @entity6017 -like @entity272 : retrospective review of 16 cases with @entity8817 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'Dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['erythema/telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['internal malignancy', 'malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity9821 :: ('MESH:D008179', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus', 'CCLE']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['amyopathic dermatomyositis', 'Amyopathic dermatomyositis', 'ADM']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease']

answer: @entity8817 :: (MESH:C538250,Disease) :: ['Amyopathic dermatomyositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many adverse events (AEs) associated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) involve symptoms related to the depletion of circulating @entity172 , and may be related to efficacy. We assessed the relationship between specific AEs [ @entity11170 ( @entity11170 ) and @entity85 ( @entity85 )] and survival outcomes in Dutch and Belgian @entity1 treated with @entity17082 (EXE) in the @entity440 @entity17082 Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial. Additionally, the relationship between @entity5282 expression and AEs was assessed. METHODS: Efficacy end points were @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ), overall survival (OS) and @entity0 -specific mortality (BCSM), starting at 6 months after starting EXE treatment. AEs reported in the first 6 months of treatment were included. Specific AEs comprised @entity11170 and/or @entity85 . Landmark analyses and Cox proportional hazards models assessed survival differences up to 5 years. RESULTS: A total of 1485 EXE @entity1 were included. @entity1 with @entity11170 had a better @entity4557 than @entity1 without @entity11170 [multivariate hazard ratio (HR) 0.393, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19-0.813; P = 0.012]. The occurrence of @entity85 versus no @entity85 did not relate to better @entity4557 (multivariate HR 0.677, 95% CI 0.392-1.169; P = 0.162). Trends were maintained for OS and BCSM. Quantitative @entity5282 expression was not associated with specific AEs. CONCLUSIONS: Some AEs associated with @entity172 depletion are related to better outcomes and may be valuable biomarkers in AI treatment.

title: Relationship between specific adverse events and efficacy of @entity17082 therapy in early postmenopausal XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['Exemestane', 'exemestane']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal AEs', 'MSAE']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity519 is an environmental stress at high altitude and underground conditions but it is also present in many chronic age-related diseases, where blood flow into tissues is impaired. The @entity26 -sensing system stimulates gene expression protecting tissues against @entity519 insults. @entity519 stabilizes the expression of @entity519 -inducible transcription factor-1a ( @entity7738 ), which controls the expression of hundreds of survival genes related to e.g. enhanced energy metabolism and autophagy. Moreover, many stress-related signaling mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and energy metabolic disturbances, as well as the signaling cascades via @entity2367 , @entity3470 , NF-kB, and @entity2533 pathways, can also induce the expression of @entity7738 protein to facilitate cell survival in normoxia. @entity519 is linked to prominent epigenetic changes in chromatin landscape. Screening studies have indicated that the stabilization of @entity7738 increases the expression of distinct histone @entity376 demethylases (KDM). @entity7738 stimulates the expression of @entity46110 , @entity46111 , @entity34909 , and @entity45938 , which enhance gene transcription by demethylating H3K9 and H3K27 sites (repressive epigenetic marks). In addition, @entity7738 induces the expression of @entity27564 and @entity46112 , which repress transcription by demethylating H3K4me2,3 sites (activating marks). @entity519 -inducible KDMs support locally the gene transcription induced by @entity7738 , although they can also control genome-wide chromatin landscape, especially KDMs which demethylate H3K9 and H3K27 sites. These epigenetic marks have important role in the control of heterochromatin segments and 3D folding of chromosomes, as well as the genetic loci regulating cell type commitment, proliferation, and cellular senescence, e.g. the @entity986 box. A chronic stimulation of @entity7738 can provoke tissue @entity82 and cellular senescence, which both are increasingly present with aging and age-related diseases. We will review the regulation of @entity7738 -dependent induction of KDMs and clarify their role in pathological processes emphasizing that long-term stress-related insults can impair the maintenance of chromatin landscape and provoke cellular senescence and tissue @entity82 associated with aging and age-related diseases.

title: @entity519 -Inducible Histone XXXX Demethylases: Impact on the Aging Process and Age-Related Diseases.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['Lysine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional study carried out at a teaching hospital in Kaduna, Nigeria, to investigate the extent and reasons for the delay between onset of symptoms and admission for treatment of symptomatic @entity0 . METHODS: The @entity1 had histologically proven @entity0 and had been admitted for treatment. Data were obtained from interviews and @entity1 ' clinical and referral records. RESULTS: One hundred and eleven consecutive @entity0 @entity1 were interviewed from July 2003 to June 2005. Only 12 (10.8%) could be admitted for treatment within a month of onset of symptoms. Delays were significantly associated with younger @entity1 , elementary or no Western education, and domicile outside the Kaduna metropolitan area. @entity1 who were referred from, or received initial treatment at, peripheral hospitals had longer delays than those who came for first consultation at the teaching hospital. The proportion of early @entity0 cases (stages I and II) decreased from 45.9% at diagnosis to 25.2% at treatment, as concerns about mastectomy and hospital treatment led a significant number of the @entity1 to temporarily abandon hospital treatment for alternatives, only to return with advanced @entity5 . The predominant reasons among the 99 @entity1 who had delays of more than a month before admission were: ignorance of the seriousness of a painless breast lump (47.5%), non-acceptance of hospital treatment (46.5%), and preference for traditional treatment (38.4%). A significant number of @entity1 referred from peripheral hospitals had inappropriate surgeries and biopsy management which contributed to the advanced stage on admission. CONCLUSION: This study shows that delayed treatment of symptomatic @entity0 at this centre in Nigeria is as much related to the quality of medical care as it is to local beliefs, ignorance of the disease, and lack of acceptance of orthodox treatment.

title: Delayed treatment of symptomatic XXXX : the experience from Kaduna, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This study was designed to examine differences in the respiratory health status of preadolescent school @entity1 , aged 7-11 years, who resided in 10 rural Canadian communities areas of moderate and low exposure to regional @entity597 and @entity1787 pollution. Five of the communities were located in central Saskatchewan, a low-exposure region, and five were located in southwestern Ontario, an area with moderately elevated exposures resulting from long-range atmospheric transport of polluted air masses. In this cross-sectional study, the @entity1 's respiratory symptoms and illness history were evaluated using a parent-completed questionnaire, administered in September 1985. Respiratory function was assessed once for each @entity1 in the schools between October 1985 and March 1986, by the measurement of pulmonary function for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), mean forced expiratory flow rate during the middle half of the FVC curve (FEF25-75), and maximal expiratory flow at 50% of the expired vital capacity (V50max). The 1986 annual mean of the 1-hr daily maxima of @entity1787 was higher in Ontario (46.3 ppb) than in Saskatchewan (34.1 ppb), with 90th percentile concentrations of 80 ppb in Ontario and 47 ppb in Saskatchewan. Summertime 1-hr daily maxima means were 69.0 ppb in Ontario and 36.1 ppb in Saskatchewan. Annual mean and 90th percentile concentrations of inhalable sulfates were three times higher in Ontario than in Saskatchewan; there were no significant differences in levels of inhalable particles (PM10) or particulate nitrates. Levels of @entity9733 ( @entity9734 ) and @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) were low in both regions. After controlling for the effects of age, sex, parental smoking, parental education, and gas cooking, no significant regional differences were observed in rates of chronic cough or phlegm, persistent wheeze, current @entity565 , @entity3617 in the past year, or any @entity764 that kept the @entity1 at home for 3 or more consecutive days during the previous year. @entity1 living in southwestern Ontario had statistically significant (P < 0.01) mean decrements of 1.7% in FVC and 1.3% in FEV1.0 compared with Saskatchewan @entity1 , after adjusting for age, sex, weight, standing height, parental smoking, and gas cooking. There were no statistically significant regional differences in the pulmonary flow parameters (P > 0.05).

title: Air pollution and childhood respiratory health: exposure to @entity597 and XXXX in 10 Canadian rural communities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity9733 :: ('MESH:D013458', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur dioxide']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest illness']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1787 :: (MESH:D010126,Chemical) :: ['ozone']


abstract: It is difficult to observe @entity1 @entity5 progression as precursor lesions are systematically removed. Alternatives to direct observations, commonly used to reveal the hidden past of species and populations, are sequence comparisons or molecular clocks. Noncoding @entity124 ( @entity124 ) loci were employed as molecular @entity5 clocks in 13 @entity1 mutator phenotype (MSI(+)) @entity14 . Quantitative analysis revealed that specific patterns of somatic @entity124 mutations accumulate with division after loss of mismatch repair (MMR). @entity5 had unique patterns of @entity124 mutation, and, therefore, based on this model, each @entity5 had its own unique history. Loss of MMR occurred very early relative to @entity2214 , with an estimated average of 2,300 divisions since loss of MMR and 280 divisions since expansion. Contrary to the classical @entity5 sequence, MSI(+) @entity652 were nearly as old as cancers (2,000 versus 2,400 divisions since loss of MMR). Negative clinical examinations preceded six @entity5 , independently documenting an absence of visible precursors during early MSI(+) @entity652 or @entity5 progression. These findings further extend a window beyond visible progression since loss of MMR appears to start a genetic phase involving clone sizes or phenotypes below a threshold of clinical detection. This previously occult prologue before visible @entity5 is longer and therefore likely more important than generally appreciated.

title: Genetic reconstruction of individual XXXX histories.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['terminal clonal expansion']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'microsatellite']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer', 'adenoma-cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pseudoallergic reactions (PARs) against both additives and natural foods have been reported to elicit chronic @entity110 , but in natural food the responsible ingredients are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed at identifying novel pseudoallergens in food and focused on evaluating tomatoes, white wine, and herbs as frequently reported food items eliciting wheal responses in @entity110 . METHODS: In 33 @entity1 with chronic @entity110 and PARs to food (proved by means of elimination diet and subsequent re-exposure with provocation meals), oral provocation tests were performed with field-grown tomatoes, organically grown white wine (whole food, steam distillates, and residues), oily extracts from herbs, and food additives. In addition, skin biopsy specimens from @entity1 were studied for in vitro mast-cell @entity112 release with @entity523 distillate alone or on subsequent stimulation with anti-IgE, substance P, and C5a. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent of @entity1 reacted to whole @entity523 (steam distillate, 45%; residue, 15%), 50% to food additives, 47% to herbs, and 44% to whole wine (extract, 27%; residue, 0%). @entity112 , protein, and high levels of @entity2697 were only found in residues. The @entity523 distillate was further analyzed by means of mass spectroscopy, identifying low molecular-weight @entity3125 , @entity16623 , and @entity167 as major ingredients. In vitro @entity112 release was not caused by @entity523 extract itself but was enhanced by means of subsequent stimulation with substance P and C5a but not by anti-IgE. CONCLUSION: Aromatic volatile ingredients in food are novel agents eliciting PARs in chronic @entity110 . @entity112 , @entity2697 , and a direct mast-cell @entity112 release are not involved in this reactivity to naturally occurring pseudoallergens.

title: Aromatic components of food as novel eliciting factors of pseudoallergic reactions in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined whether second-line multi-agent chemotherapies are of any value for @entity3003 / @entity1311 (TC)-refractory @entity43 . METHODS: Subjects included 60 @entity1 with @entity43 who received second-line @entity902 -based combination chemotherapy. Thirty-nine were treated with @entity2600 / @entity900 or @entity1814 and 21 with @entity1205 / @entity900 shortly after TC failure. @entity1 were divided between those who were refractory to initial @entity902 -based chemotherapy (n = 29, Group A) and those who were @entity902 -sensitive (n = 31, Group B). Efficacy and safety of the combination chemotherapies were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Response to the combination chemotherapy was 10.3% in Group A and 41.9% in Group B. Median time to disease progression was 4.02 months and 7.21 months, respectively (p = 0.006), and median survival time was 7.89 months and 9.23 months, respectively (p = 0.003). There was no difference in response between the two regimens. Grade 3-4 hematologic @entity137 were more frequent with the @entity1205 regimen. CONCLUSION: The choice between agents for second-line chemotherapy for @entity43 should be based on whether the @entity5 was previously @entity902 -sensitive. With a history of such response, multi-agent chemotherapies are worth considering after TC failure. With no previous response, the expected efficacy of second-line multi-agent chemotherapy is low, suggesting the use of monochemotherapy.

title: Second-line chemotherapy for XXXX / @entity1311 -refractory @entity43 : are multi-agent chemotherapies of little value truly?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'TC-refractory ovarian cancer', 'ovarian, peritoneal, or tubal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: The iridovirus @entity12716 ) can replicate in culture in @entity135 ( @entity135 ) fish cells or in BHK-21 hamster cells. Viral DNA replication commences about 3 h after infection of @entity135 cells with FV3. Between 3 and 6 h postinfection (p.i.), a portion of the intranuclear FV3 DNA is partly unmethylated. At later times, p.i., all of the viral DNA in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments is methylated at the 5'-CCGG-3' sequences. Cytoplasmic FV3 DNA has not been found unmethylated. We have cloned viral DNA fragments from methylated virion DNA. By using the genomic sequencing technique, it has been demonstrated for segments of the FV3 DNA replicated both in @entity135 fish and BHK21 hamster cells that in a stretch encompassing a total of 350 bp, all of the analyzed 5'-CG-3' @entity2354 are methylated. The modified nucleotide @entity48722 is present exclusively in the 5'-CG-3' @entity2354 combination. In the cloned FV3 DNA fragment p21A, an open reading frame has been located. The 5' region of this presumptive viral gene is also methylated in all 5'-CG-3' positions. DNA methyltransferase activity has been detected in the nuclei of FV3-infected @entity135 cells at 4, 11, and 20 h p.i. In the cytoplasmic fraction, comparable activity has not been observed. These data are consistent with the interpretation that FV3 DNA is newly synthesized and de novo methylated in the nuclei of infected @entity135 cells and subsequently exported into the cytoplasm for viral assembly.

title: Patterns of XXXX DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase activity in nuclei of infected cells.

entities_list: @entity48722 :: ('MESH:C016569', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methyldeoxycytidine']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['FHM', 'fat head minnow']

entities_list: @entity2354 :: ('CHEBI:47885', 'Chemical') :: ['dinucleotides', 'dinucleotide']

answer: @entity12716 :: (10493,Species) :: ['frog virus 3']


abstract: Remote @entity63 preconditioning is a well reported therapeutic strategy that induces cardioprotective effects but the underlying intracellular mechanisms have not been widely explored. The current study was designed to investigate the involvement of TRP and especially TRPV channels in remote hind limb preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. Remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus (4 alternate cycles of inflation and deflation of 5  min each) was delivered using a blood pressure cuff tied on the hind limb of the anesthetized @entity35 . Using Langendorff's system, the heart was perfused and subjected to 30-min @entity63 and 120-min reperfusion. The @entity296 was assessed by measuring @entity1188 size, @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), @entity908 kinase (CK), LVDP, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmin, heart rate, and coronary flow rate. @entity2287 , TRP blocker, and @entity3739 red, TRPV channel blocker, were employed as pharmacological tools. Remote hind limb preconditioning significantly reduced the @entity1188 size, LDH release, CK release and improved coronary flow rate, hemodynamic parameters including LVDP, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmin, and heart rate. However, @entity2287 (7.5 and 15  mg  kg(-1)) and @entity3739 red (4 and 8  mg  kg(-1)) significantly attenuated the cardioprotective effects suggesting the involvement of TRP especially TRPV channels in mediating remote hind limb preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. Remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus possibly activates TRPV channels on the heart or sensory nerve fibers innervating the heart to induce cardioprotective effects. Alternatively, remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus may also activate the mechanosensitive TRP and especially TRPV channels on the sensory nerve fibers innervating the skeletal muscles to trigger cardioprotective neurogenic signaling cascade. The cardioprotective effects of remote hind limb preconditioning may be mediated via activation of mechanosensitive TRP and especially TRPV channels.

title: @entity2287 and XXXX red attenuate remote hind limb preconditioning-induced cardioprotection: possible role of TRP and especially TRPV channels.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

answer: @entity3739 :: (MESH:D012428,Chemical) :: ['ruthenium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular subtyping has allowed for the beginning of personalized treatment in @entity1 suffering from @entity2946 ( @entity2946 ). However, resistance inevitably emerges against these therapies, particularly in the @entity4851 ( @entity4851 ) subtype. We found that @entity1 with @entity4851 subtype have the worst outcome underscoring the need to identify new therapeutic targets. PROCEDURE: High content screening of a 129 compound library identified agents that inhibited @entity4851 @entity2946 growth. Lead molecular target levels, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase ( @entity34562 ) were characterized by immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. Comparisons were made to @entity1 neural stem cells (hNSC). Impact of inhibiting @entity34562 with the small molecule @entity46856 or siRNA was assessed in growth assays (monolayer, neurosphere, and soft agar). NanoString was used to detect @entity34562 in a cohort of 66 @entity1 with @entity2946 . To determine @entity46856 pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, 100   mg/kg was I.P. injected into @entity19 and tissues were collected at various time points. RESULTS: @entity1 , ONS76, UW228, and UW426 @entity2946 cells were exquisitely sensitive to @entity46856 but unresponsive to @entity4851 inhibitors. Anti- @entity5 growth corresponded with inactivation of @entity34562 in @entity2946 cells. @entity46856 had no effect on hNSCs. Inhibiting @entity34562 with siRNA or @entity46856 suppressed growth, induced apoptosis, and sensitized cells to @entity4851 agents. Notably, @entity34562 expression is correlated with @entity4851 @entity1 . In @entity19 , @entity46856 was well-tolerated and crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CONCLUSIONS: @entity34562 inhibitors are promising because they target @entity34562 which is correlated with @entity4851 @entity1 as well as cause high levels of apoptosis to only @entity2946 cells. Importantly, @entity46856 crosses the BBB, acting as a scaffold for development of more long-lived @entity34562 inhibitors.

title: Overcoming resistance to @entity4851 inhibition by targeting p90 ribosomal S6 kinase in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'Daoy']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'MB']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: We describe the radiological and histopathological findings in five @entity1 with cystic @entity82 who presented recently to our hospital. Each @entity1 underwent surgery after failing to respond to medical management for suspected @entity1321 . Four @entity1 had preoperative ultrasound and contrast enema examinations. Wall thickening and dilatation of the ascending colon was seen on ultrasound and contrast enema revealed a stricture of the ascending colon in all four. At surgery these findings were confirmed. All five @entity1 had histopathological changes of post-ischaemic ulceration repair. One @entity1 had symptoms of @entity1321 5 months after right hemicolectomy. Radiological investigation revealed a stricture in the descending colon which was resected. The histopathological changes were the same as before. @entity694 should be considered in cystic @entity82 @entity1 who do not respond to medical management of @entity1321 .

title: Strictures of the colon in cystic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic strictures']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction', 'distal intestinal obstruction syndrome']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to present a method for treating the serious consequences that result from failure of corrective techniques used for @entity4553 , which produces severe shortening of the first @entity16039 , and makes it difficult to perform the third rocker. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, conducted in 2 hospitals in Madrid and Barcelona, an assessment was made of the clinical and radiological results of 40 cases, of which 97.5% were female. Technically it involves making a metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis after bone distraction with an external mini-fixation, and then inserting an iliac crest bone graft, stabilising it with a plate or the mini-fixator. RESULTS: The pre-operative shortening was 2.5cm. and elongation obtained was between 1.5 and 3.0cm. Clinical and radiological bone graft integration was achieved at 2-4 months, although full integration occurred after one year. Falliner and Blauth criteria were used to evaluate the results at 6 and 12 months follow-up, and using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS score/pain, scale 1-10), being favourable in 80%, and not changing over time. The failure rate was 7.5%, which included the non-integration of the graft and infection, requiring additional surgery. DISCUSSION: There are not many publications on the number and type of complication for @entity4553 surgery, or guidelines established, only the treatment by conventional fusion. The problem arises when the @entity1 presents a severe shortening of the @entity16039 , and direct fusion would aggravate the insufficiency of the first @entity16039 and the transference @entity7529 . In these cases, these procedures would be indicated.

title: Serious sequellae of the XXXX surgery: More options for its surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity7529 :: ('MESH:D037061', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsalgia']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['hallux valgus']


abstract: For younger @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), an allogeneic transplant from a matched sibling may afford the best chance of cure. In @entity1 who are older or without a matched sibling donor, dose intensification can be achieved with an @entity236 ( @entity236 ). We report here the results of a high-dose chemotherapy regime with nonpurged @entity236 in 82 adult @entity1 in first remission of @entity3052 with a median follow-up of 31 months. The median age was 40 years (range 16 to 57 years). The median interval between remission and @entity236 was 5 months (range 1 to 12 months). Twenty-eight of these @entity1 received a second course of the same high-dose chemotherapy and @entity236 . The procedure related mortality rate was 6%. The projected @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ) at 5 years is 48% for all 82 @entity1 and 50% for the 76 @entity1 with no known preceding @entity2590 . For those @entity1 with primary @entity3052 who received a double @entity236 the projected @entity1778 is 67%. The interval between remission and @entity236 did not predict for either relapse or @entity1778 . @entity236 using a multidrug chemotherapy protocol is less toxic than allogeneic BMT yet results in a similar @entity1778 .

title: High-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia-free survival', 'LFS']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['ABMT', 'autologous bone marrow transplant']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: In a multi-centre study, 60 @entity1 (20 males and 40 females aged 43 +/- 15 and 37 +/- 15 years respectively) with a DSM-IIIR diagnosis of @entity308 were randomly assigned to treatment with either @entity13079 (maximum dose 600 mg per day) or @entity3659 (maximum dose 150 mg per day) for eight weeks. @entity1 were evaluated pretreatment and over the 8 weeks treatment period using @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and the clinical global impressions (CGI). The Adverse Drug Effects Schedule, clinical, haematological and biochemical status were also evaluated pre, during and post treatment. Of the 60 @entity1 enrolled for the study 54 were found evaluable for efficacy whilst all 60 were evaluated for safety (Adverse Event). On the @entity308 and CGI scale there was no significant difference in the therapeutic outcome between the two treatment groups. In the overall clinical assessment rating at the end of treatment 94.1% of @entity1 in the @entity13079 group were rated 'very good to good' and 94.4% with @entity3659 . @entity13079 appeared to have a slightly better safety profile, the incidence of adverse event was 9.0% compared to 19.0% with @entity3659 . The drop out rate was 16.7% and 26.7% for @entity13079 and @entity3659 respectively. These differences were however not statistically significant. It was therefore concluded that @entity13079 is an effective and safe alternative to @entity3659 , with attractive potential for out @entity1 management of @entity308 .

title: Open comparative randomised study of @entity13079 versus @entity3659 in major XXXX (DSM IIIR) in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive disorders', 'depressive illness', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['Amitriptyline', 'amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity13079 :: ('MESH:D020912', 'Chemical') :: ['moclobemide', 'Moclobemide']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Drug-resistant, Gram-positive bacteria are a growing concern in treating @entity79 , including @entity4034 . This report describes the experience in a series of cases of the use of a novel antibiotic, @entity13757 , for the treatment of @entity79 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis included @entity1 from two medical centers diagnosed with Gram-positive @entity79 and treated with @entity13757 . RESULTS: A total of 10 @entity1 were included in this report, of which nine received previous antibiotic therapy, including @entity2176 , @entity5136 , and @entity11685 / @entity11686 . @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 was isolated from eight @entity1 while the remaining @entity1 were infected with enterococci or streptococci. All @entity1 initially resolved the @entity281 while undergoing @entity13757 treatment and were discharged from the hospital. One @entity1 was switched to @entity869 (after receiving @entity13757 for 4 days) once the @entity281 was identified due to @entity2176 -susceptible enterococcus. However, one @entity1 was readmitted after 18 days due to a clinical relapse, possibly caused by under-dosing of @entity13757 . CONCLUSION: Eight out of nine @entity1 who received @entity13757 for at least 8 days were successfully treated with the agent for Gram-positive @entity79 . @entity13757 was found to be well tolerated, even up to 44 days of treatment.

title: Use of XXXX to treat drug-resistant Gram-positive @entity79 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and joint infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['Daptomycin', 'daptomycin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity11685 :: ('MESH:C113825', 'Chemical') :: ['quinupristin']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

entities_list: @entity11686 :: ('MESH:C113826', 'Chemical') :: ['dalfopristin']

answer: @entity13757 :: (MESH:D017576,Chemical) :: ['daptomycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4854 increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but the influence of HbA(1c) ( @entity3916 ) on GFR and GFR's prediction by recommended equations remains to be determined. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 193 @entity6 @entity1 , we searched for an association between @entity3916 and isotopically measured GFR (51Cr- @entity1098 ) and their predictions by the Cockcroft and Gault formula (CG) and the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) equation. Their accuracy for the diagnosis of moderate (GFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) or severe (GFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) @entity177 was compared from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, before and after categorizing the @entity1 as well ( @entity3916 <or=8%) or poorly controlled. RESULTS: The mean GFR was 57.0 +/- 34.8 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and was well correlated with both estimations (CG r = 0.75, @entity8 r = 0.83; P < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curves were higher with the @entity8 (P < 0.05). @entity3916 was correlated (P < 0.001) with the GFR (r = 0.29), @entity8 (r = 0.38), CG (r = 0.26), and the absolute differences between the GFR and their CG but not @entity8 estimations (r = 0.17, P < 0.05). Each +1% @entity3916 was associated with +6.0 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) GFR (CG +5.6, @entity8 +5.3). After separating well-controlled (n = 88, @entity3916 7.0 +/- 0.7%) and poorly controlled (n = 105, 9.6 +/- 1.3%) @entity1 , the diagnostic accuracies were better (P < 0.05) for the @entity8 , except for the diagnosis of moderate @entity177 in well-controlled @entity1 (NS). CONCLUSIONS: GFR and its estimations correlate with @entity3916 . Although the relations between GFR and its estimations were not affected by the degree of @entity413 control, the precision and diagnostic accuracy of the CG formula were diminished for @entity3916 >8%. The @entity8 equation was more accurate and robust in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: @entity413 control influences glomerular filtration rate and its prediction in XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'modification of diet in renal disease', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: An overall survey of the transitional epithelium of the bladder and its @entity189 . This study is based upon the recent literature, in particular the considerable contribution of scanner electron microscopy. a) The transitional epithelium has the reputation of having a simple structure and even behaviour. In fact, it is complex with highly specialised surface cells. It has marked powers of regeneration after aggressions of various types. b) Tumours of the transitional epithelium are defined in relation to @entity397 . @entity189 are classified according to their histological stage of penetration, their pure or partially metaplasic type and their degree defined according to the criteria of Broders. There exists a correlation between these three types of evaluation. @entity189 are either papillary--putting into question the reality of benign @entity1494 --or flat mucosal and then often associated closely or at a distance with an @entity189 . c) Abnormal regeneration, @entity1141 or @entity1373 as a result of aggressions of different types or developing in isolation represent a high risk histologically, implying the need for careful follow-up and surveillance. d) Histopathological study of urothelial or transitional @entity5 is simple in operative specimens but difficult in biopsies. It requires close cooperation between surgeons and pathologists to ensure correct orientation of the fragments.

title: [Transitional XXXX of @entity1494 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder papilloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'Non-invasive carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the basal lamina']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: To evaluate the short and long term outcome of liver resections for @entity157 in cirrhotic @entity1 . A retrospective analysis was performed on 106 consecutive cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity157 resected between June 1974 and September 2002 at the Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni" - University of Rome "La Sapienza" and at the Liver and Multivisceral Transplant Unit of the University of Modena. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on several clinicopathological variables to analyze factors affecting the long-term outcome and intrahepatic recurrence. Overall mortality and morbidity were 10.7% and 26% respectively. These rates significantly decreased in the last years: from 1997 to 2002 no hospital mortality has been recorded. After a median follow-up of 19 months (interquartile range: 10-36), @entity5 recurrence appeared in 25 @entity1 (23,5%). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 86,6%, 70,3%, and 60,6%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 86,3%, 58,1%, and 40,7%. On univariate analysis, viral ethiology of @entity82 (p=0.03), presence of multiple nodules (p=0.02) and vascular invasion (p=0.05) were found to be related to a worse long-term survival. At the multivariate analysis only the viral ethiology of @entity82 and the presence of multiple nodules were confirmed as indipendent prognostic factors. Early results after hepatic resection for @entity157 can be improved by using a limited surgical approach. The viral ethiology of @entity82 , the presence of multiple nodules and vascular invasion negatively affected recurrence rate and long-term survival.

title: Hepatic resections for @entity157 ( XXXX ): short and long-term results on 106 cirrhotic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['HCC']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) to epithelial debridement and polishing of Bowman's membrane using a @entity11710 burr (DB) in the treatment of recurrent @entity2687 associated with anterior basement membrane (ABM) @entity3986 . DESIGN: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative trial. METHODS: Medical records of 39 @entity1 (42 eyes) who underwent a PTK or DB procedure for recurrent @entity2687 associated with @entity6228 between March 1992 and June 2000 were reviewed. @entity130 , prior treatment received, and the corneal slit-lamp findings were noted in all @entity1 . In both procedures, all loose epithelium was completely removed. In PTK @entity1 , 5 microm of Bowman's membrane was ablated with the excimer laser. In @entity1 who underwent DB treatment, a hand-held battery-driven diamond dusted burr was used to gently and uniformly polish Bowman's membrane in the area of the epithelial defect. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptomatic improvement, recurrence of @entity158 , development of haze, and change in the visual acuity. Statistical analysis was performed for comparison of data between the two groups. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes of 14 @entity1 underwent PTK, and 27 eyes of 25 @entity1 underwent epithelial debridement and DB treatment. In the PTK group, mild haze was seen in five (35.7%) eyes. Recurrence of @entity158 was seen in four eyes (26.7%). The mean follow-up was 17.6 +/- 5.7 months (range, 0.7-81.9 months). Best-corrected visual acuity was better in five eyes (35.7%) after the procedure and the same in nine eyes (64.3%). In the DB group, mild haze was seen in seven eyes (25.9%). Recurrence of @entity158 was seen in three eyes (11.1%). The mean duration of follow-up was 6.7 months (range, 1-24.2 months). Best-corrected visual acuity was better in 3 eyes (14.3%), the same in 17 eyes (81%), and worse in 1 eye (4.8%) after the procedure. Final visual acuity was not available for one eye in the PTK group and 6 eyes in the DB group. There was no statistically significant difference in haze (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.38), recurrence of @entity2681 (Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank, P = 0.73), and vision being better or the same (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.6) between the PTK and DB groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both PTK and DB treatment are effective methods of treating recurrent @entity2687 associated with @entity6228 . Diamond burr treatment, being a simpler, less expensive office procedure with a tendency toward lesser incidence of haze and recurrence in this study, seems to have advantages over PTK in the treatment of recurrent @entity2687 . Further prospective studies are required to confirm the long-term efficacy of DB treatment in the management of recurrent @entity2687 associated with @entity6228 .

title: Phototherapeutic keratectomy versus diamond burr polishing of Bowman's membrane in the treatment of recurrent @entity2687 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity6228 :: ('MESH:C535477', 'Disease') :: ['ABM dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful erosions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['History of injury']

answer: @entity6228 :: (MESH:C535477,Disease) :: ['anterior basement membrane dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess retrospectively the feasibility of intraoperative intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy with @entity900 in @entity43 . METHODS: IP chemotherapy during optimal staging surgery was performed in 10 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity43 between April 2008 and February 2011. @entity900 (70 mg/m(2) in 1 L normal saline solution) was administered in the abdominal cavity for 24 hours postoperatively and then adjuvant chemotherapy was started 2-4 weeks after surgery. Perioperative @entity137 of the combined treatment was evaluated until the initiation of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 23 adverse events were observed in 9 of 10 @entity1 (grade 1, 7; grade 2, 13; grade 3, 3; grade 4, 0). In descending order of frequency, adverse events affected the gastrointestinal system (n=14), hematologic system (n=6), pulmonary system (n=2), and genito-urinary system (n=1). The adverse events did not affect adjuvant systemic chemotherapy schedules. One @entity1 experienced disease recurrence in the liver 16 months after surgery. The remaining 9 @entity1 have been well controlled by chemotherapy and/or observation during the follow-up period of 4 to 39 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative IP chemotherapy with @entity900 during surgical procedures is considered feasible for the treatment of @entity43 . Further studies, including long-term, prospective and comparative trials, are needed to validate the efficacy of this combined therapy.

title: Intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with XXXX in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['primary epithelial ovarian cancer', 'primary epithelial ovarian cancers', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: A major challenge for developmental biologists in coming years will be to place the vast number of newly identified genes into precisely ordered genetic and molecular pathways. This will require efficient methods to determine which genes interact directly and indirectly. One of the most comprehensive pathways currently under study is the genetic hierarchy that controls @entity238 segmentation. Yet, many of the potential interactions within this pathway remain untested or unverified. Here, we look at one of the best-characterized components of this pathway, the homeodomain-containing transcription factor @entity19234 ( @entity19234 ), and analyze the response kinetics of known and putative target genes. This is achieved by providing a brief pulse of @entity19234 expression and measuring the time required for genes to respond. The time required for @entity19234 to bind and regulate its own enhancer, a well-documented interaction, is used as a standard for other direct interactions. Surprisingly, we find that both positively and negatively regulated target genes respond to @entity19234 with the same kinetics as autoregulation. The rate-limiting step between successive interactions (<10 minutes) is the time required for regulatory proteins to either enter or be cleared from the nucleus, indicating that protein synthesis and degradation rates are closely matched for all of the proteins studied. The matching of these two processes is likely important for the rapid and synchronous progression from one class of segmentation genes to the next. In total, 11 putative @entity19234 target genes are analyzed, and the data provide a substantially revised view of @entity19234 roles and activities within the segmentation hierarchy.

title: Kinetic analysis of segmentation gene interactions in XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The association between chemoprophylaxis and delayed onset of @entity9231 was investigated in a retrospective study of 477 nonimmune cases reported to the UK Malaria Reference Laboratory (MRL) who had used either @entity8775 (n = 56), @entity503 - @entity24517 (n = 90) or no chemoprophylaxis (n = 331). For holiday and short-term travellers using mefloquine the time between arrival in the UK and diagnosis was found to be significantly longer than for @entity503 and @entity24517 (C-P) users or for those who had not used prophylaxis at all (P < 0.004). This delay was primarily due to a later onset of symptoms. C-P use was not associated with delay in onset of symptoms or diagnosis when compared to not using prophylaxis. Possible reasons for the findings are discussed. @entity8775 may continue to exert a partially suppressive effect on resistant strains of @entity3964 (Pf). That @entity503 with @entity24517 was not found to have such an effect may be due to poor compliance to @entity24517 or differences in the mode of action and range of parasite resistance to the two regimens. Differences in drug compliance may be one reason why only mefloquine users on holiday or short-term journeys experienced delays to onset of disease. Drug compliance amongst cases of breakthrough @entity311 on chemoprophylaxis may be lower than is generally recognized. It is important for clinicians and travellers to be aware that the onset of @entity9231 may be delayed by mefloquine prophylaxis.

title: The effect of chemoprophylaxis on the timing of onset of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24517 :: ('MESH:D002727', 'Chemical') :: ['proguanil']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine', 'Mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The sensitivity of cytology for the detection of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is limited. Newer methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunocytology (uCyt+), and protein markers have been developed to improve urine-based detection of @entity189 . As only little is known regarding the combined application of these markers, we investigated whether combinations of 4 of the most broadly available tests (cytology, FISH, uCyt+, and @entity14276 [ @entity14276 -ELISA]) may improve their diagnostic performance. METHODS: The study was comprised of 808 @entity1 who were suspected of having @entity189 . All @entity1 underwent urethrocystoscopy and upper urinary tract imaging and, in the case of positive findings, transurethral resection/biopsy. FISH, uCyt+, cytology, and @entity14276 -ELISA were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity189 was diagnosed in 115 @entity1 (14.2%). Cytology and FISH were found to be the single tests with the best overall performance (area under the curve [AUC], 0.78/0.79). Combinations of 2, 3, and 4 markers were found to increase the AUC to various extents compared with the use of single markers. Combining cytology and FISH improved the sensitivity and performance (AUC, 0.83) compared with the single tests and identified 12 @entity5 that were not detected by cytology alone. The percentage of WHO grade 3/ @entity5 not detected by cytology was reduced by 62.5% when FISH was performed in cytology-negative @entity1 . The addition of uCyt+ as a third test further improved performance (AUC, 0.86), whereas the addition of @entity14276 -ELISA was not found to have any additional influence on the performance of the test combination. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study support the combined use of urine markers and may form the basis of further studies investigating whether risk stratification based on urine marker combinations may individualize diagnostic algorithms and the surveillance of @entity1 suspected of having @entity189 .

title: Combined application of cytology and molecular urine markers to improve the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity14276 :: ('4926', 'Gene') :: ['NMP22', 'nuclear matrix protein 22']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2215 is the main functional unit of telomerase, which maintains telomere length and chromosome structure stability. @entity2215 has been shown to act as a key factor in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, via uncharacterized mechanisms. We transfected HEp-2 @entity189 cells with a @entity2215 overexpressing adenovirus (Ad- @entity2215 ) and @entity2215 shRNA silencing adenovirus (Ad-sh- @entity2215 ), and examined the effect on @entity2215 and the @entity1178 transcription factor subunits @entity1639 and @entity1178 using RT-PCR and western blot analysis. @entity2215 mRNA expression was quantified using RT-PCR in 24 @entity1 @entity189 samples, and @entity2215 protein co-expression with @entity1178 was investigated in a @entity1 @entity189 tissue microarray using quantum-dot based immunofluorescence. The effect of specific @entity3963 and @entity1435 inhibitors on @entity3963 , @entity1435 , @entity1178 and @entity1639 phosphorylation was investigated in @entity2215 -overexpressing HEp-2 cells. @entity2215 overexpression led to increased @entity2215 , @entity1178 and @entity1639 mRNA and protein expression and increased cell proliferation, while @entity2215 silencing had the opposite effects. @entity2215 mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with @entity1639 and @entity1178 mRNA in @entity1 @entity189 tissue. @entity2215 and @entity1178 protein were expressed at high levels and positively correlated in @entity189 tissues. Treatment of @entity2215 -overexpressing HEp-2 cells with specific @entity1435 and @entity3963 inhibitors indicated that @entity2215 modulates the expression and phosphorylation of the @entity1178 subunits @entity1178 and @entity1639 through the @entity1435 and @entity3963 signaling pathways. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that @entity2215 is capable of promoting cell proliferation via activation of the @entity1178 subunits, @entity1178 and @entity1639 , in @entity189 cells.

title: Telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes the proliferation of XXXX @entity189 cells through activation of the @entity1178 .

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Late infection of devitalized pancreatic and peripancreatic tissue has become the major cause of morbidity in severe acute @entity788 . Previous experience found that peritoneal lavage for periods of 48 to 96 hours may @entity149 but did not decrease late @entity788 . A fortunate observation led to the present study of the influence of a longer period of lavage on late @entity295 . Twenty-nine @entity1 receiving primary nonoperative treatment for severe acute @entity788 (three or more positive prognostic signs) were randomly assigned to short peritoneal lavage (SPL) for 2 days (15 @entity1 ) or to long peritoneal lavage (LPL) for 7 days (14 @entity1 ). Positive prognostic signs averaged 5 in both groups but the frequency of five or more signs was higher in LPL (71%) than in SPL (47%). Eleven @entity1 in each group had early computed tomographic (CT) scans. Peripancreatic fluid collections were shown more commonly in LPL (82%) than in SPL (54%) @entity1 . Longer lavage dramatically reduced the frequency of both @entity788 (22% LPL versus 40% SPL) and @entity204 from @entity295 (0% LPL versus 20% SPL). Among @entity1 with fluid collections on early CT scan, LPL led to a more marked reduction in both @entity788 (33% LPL versus 83% SPL) and @entity204 from @entity295 (0% LPL versus 33% SPL). The differences were even more striking among 17 @entity1 with five or more positive prognostic signs. In this group the incidence of @entity788 was 30% LPL versus 57% SPL and of @entity204 from @entity295 0% (LPL) versus 43% (SPL) (p = 0.05). In these @entity1 , overall mortality was also reduced (20% LPL versus 43% SPL). When 20 @entity1 treated by LPL were compared with 91 other @entity1 with three or more positive prognostic signs who were treated without lavage or by lavage for periods of 2 to 4 days, the frequency of @entity204 from @entity788 was reduced from 13% to 5%. In those with five or more signs, the incidence of @entity295 was reduced from 40% to 27% (p = 0.03) and of @entity204 for @entity295 from 30% to 7% (p = 0.08). These findings indicate that lavage of the peritoneal cavity for 7 days may significantly reduce both the frequency and mortality rate of @entity788 in severe acute @entity788 .

title: Long peritoneal lavage decreases @entity788 in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['reduce early systemic complications']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With increasing experience, laparoscopic techniques have been applied even to extended colorectal operations as restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 and @entity1412 . METHODS: A 36-year-old @entity1 with a 7-year history of @entity31 was transferred for elective surgery 6 weeks after an episode of toxic megacolon treated conservatively. The procedure was performed in modified lithotomy position using six trocars. After initial medial transection of the three main vascular pedicles of the ileocolic and middle colic vessels and the inferior mesenteric artery and vein, the colon was dissected free laterally, from the sigmoid orally toward the ileum. Special consideration was necessary for dissection of the omentum. The rectum was mobilized down to the pelvic floor in two steps, starting at the level of the promontory and the upper rectal stalks. It was transected at the level of the dentate line. Through a Pfannenstiel incision, the bowel was extracted. After transection of the ileum and removal of the specimen, a J-pouch was created. The @entity254 was completed laparoscopically using a double-stapling technique. Finally, a diverting loop ileostomy was created. RESULTS: A total of 13 @entity1 underwent surgery. The medium age of these @entity1 was 25.5 years (range, 19-57 years). There was no conversion to an open procedure. The median length of hospital stay was 11.5 days (range, 7-107 days). Four @entity1 experienced major complications, including one case each of pouch failure after @entity432 , @entity12478 , infected @entity1410 , and intraabdominal abscess formation. There was no postoperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: For restorative proctocolectomy, laparoscopic techniques proved to be safe and feasible. With further experience, they may have the potential to become an appealing alternative to open surgery.

title: Multimedia article. Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['pouch-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Although the circadian variation of @entity2922 has been reported, that of the pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) has not. Brachial ankle (ba) @entity122 is associated with well-established indices of central stiffness. It is not known whether arterial stiffness is associated with @entity2922 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in baPWV and those on the plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels in the morning and evening in @entity101 @entity1 (HPs) and normotensive subjects (NSs). The baPWV and blood pressure (BP) were measured in 14 NSs (14 males, 39    5 years) and 10 HPs (9 males and 1 female, 55    13 years) at 06:00 h, noon, 18:00 h, and midnight, respectively. The plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels were measured in 14 NSs and 5 HPs at 06:00 h and 18:00 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in BPs at 06:00 h, noon, 18:00 h, and midnight in either NSs or HPs. The baPWV at 06:00 h was significantly lower than that at noon, 18:00 h, and midnight in NSs (P = 0.01, 0.04, and 0.0008, respectively). The plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels at 06:00 h were markedly lower than those at 18:00 h in NSs (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). There were no significant changes in the baPWV of HPs at 06:00 h, noon, 18:00 h, or midnight. The plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels at 06:00 h were notably lower than those at 18:00 h in HPs (P = 0.004 and 0.01, respectively). Only NSs showed a significant reduction in the baPWV with a decrease in the plasma @entity2922 levels in the morning, suggesting that the baPWV of NSs may be correlated with the variation of the plasma @entity2922 levels.

title: Relation of plasma XXXX levels with pulse wave velocity in @entity101 @entity1 compared with normotensive subjects.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: @entity11339 association includes @entity1 with at least four features prefixed by the letters of the mnemonic: @entity4643 , @entity299 , @entity1146 of the choanae, @entity851 and development, @entity790 , @entity2169 and/or @entity393 . Many also have @entity3541 . We report a series identified by collaboration within one centre of all specialties concerned in the management of the @entity11339 association. @entity735 were found in 44 out of 50 @entity1 with the @entity11339 association. Of these, 41 had 'typical' @entity44910 . The majority had @entity44910 with optic nerve involvement, but only 13 @entity1 had an @entity1539 . Two @entity1 had @entity1539 with normal fundi. Additional features were microphthalmos in 21 @entity1 , @entity1781 in four, @entity346 in 12, and a vertical @entity1319 in four of the 22 cases with @entity3541 . We report an incidence of @entity4643 in the @entity11339 association of 86% (43/50) compared with a previous cumulative reported incidence of 66% (112/170). We believe that there may have been previous underdiagnosis of @entity44910 in @entity1 with @entity154 .

title: The eye in the XXXX association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['multiple congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Retarded growth']

entities_list: @entity44910 :: ('MESH:C536148', 'Disease') :: ['colobomata', 'retinochoroidal colobomata']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris defect', 'atypical iris colobomata']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['Coloboma', 'coloboma']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart defects']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['Ear anomalies']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['Genital hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of eye movement']

answer: @entity11339 :: (MESH:D058747,Disease) :: ['CHARGE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is a systemic autoimmune disease typically associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin G (IgG). @entity7893 in @entity1252 @entity1 has been attributed to immunosuppressive treatment or a transient effect associated with @entity1985 . We retrospectively reviewed pediatric @entity1252 @entity1 from a single institution to identify @entity1 with @entity7893 and risk factors for @entity7893 . METHODS: A total of 116 pediatric @entity1252 cases from 1997 to 2011 were reviewed and @entity1 with @entity7893 (IgG   <   500   mg/dl) were identified. The two cohorts were evaluated for association with age, sex, presence of @entity1988 at @entity1252 diagnosis, disease activity at diagnosis, initial IgG level, and drug treatment. RESULTS: Eighty-six @entity1 were included in our study, with a median age of 15 years and a median follow-up of 39.5 months. Seven percent (six of 86) of @entity1 had @entity7893 with a median onset of 27 months (0-72 months) after @entity1252 diagnosis. Significant associations were noted for white race (p value 0.029), male sex (p value 0.009), and the presence of @entity1988 at @entity1252 diagnosis (p value 0.004). Use of immunosuppressive treatment did not show a statistical association with @entity7893 , although two of the @entity1 with @entity7893 did receive rituximab. Most @entity1 with @entity7893 received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy because of @entity281 and/or concern for @entity281 . CONCLUSION: Measurement of immunoglobulin levels during treatment in @entity1252 could help identify @entity1 with @entity7893 who might require more aggressive follow-up to monitor for increased risk of @entity281 and need for IVIG treatment. A prospective study is needed to validate associated risk factors identified in this study.

title: @entity7893 in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['Hypogammaglobulinemia', 'hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The objective of the article is to verify the hypothesis that the dorsal multilevel laminectomy and rod-screw-instrumented fusion (DLF) for @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) is less strenuous for @entity1 , and less prone to perioperative complications, than ventral multilevel corpectomy and plate-screw-instrumented fusion ( @entity2418 ), while clinical outcome is comparable. One hundred and three successive @entity1 were treated for at least two vertebral-level @entity3799 , 42 of them by @entity2418 and 61 by DLF. The two @entity1 groups were retrospectively compared. @entity2418 @entity1 were slightly younger than DLF @entity1 (62.5 +/- 10.61 years versus 66 +/- 12.4 years, P = 0.012). In @entity2418 @entity1 , a median of 2 (2-3) corpectomies and in DLF @entity1 a median of 3 (2-5) laminectomies were performed. In @entity2418 @entity1 , surgery lasted longer than in DLF @entity1 (229 +/- 60 min versus 183 +/- 46 min, P < or = 0.001). Between the @entity2418 and the DLF @entity1 groups, no significant difference was found in perioperative complications (e.g. hardware failure rates of 16.7% in @entity2418 and of 6.6% in the DLF @entity1 ) and mortality rates. The postoperative outcome, as assessed by the postoperative change of the Nurick scores, the change of neck @entity158 , the @entity1 ' satisfaction, and the change of the subaxial Cobb angle of the spine did not differ between the two @entity1 groups. However, when comparing the postoperative Nurick scores directly, @entity2418 @entity1 fared somewhat better than DLF @entity1 [median of 2 (0-5) versus 3 (1-5), P = 0.003]. The hypothesized advantages of DLF over @entity2418 in the surgical treatment of at least two vertebral-level @entity3799 could not be confirmed in this retrospective study. A prospective randomized study is warranted to clarify this issue.

title: Comparison of ventral corpectomy and plate-screw-instrumented fusion with dorsal laminectomy and rod-screw-instrumented fusion for treatment of at least two vertebral-level XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['multilevel spondylotic cervical myelopathy', 'MSCM']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['spondylotic cervical myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The open artery theory has been proposed that late reperfusion of an occluded coronary artery favorably affects clinical outcome. Myocardial reperfusion can be achieved in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) by coronary angioplasty. Coronary stenting improves initial success rate and reduces rate of restenosis. However, there are limited data regarding intermediate outcome of late angioplasty with stenting. METHOD: Between June 1998 and August 1999, one hundred and twenty-three @entity1 with @entity583 , and forty-four @entity1 (37 males, 7 females) underwent late coronary stenting. Mean age was 57 +/- 10 years. Echocardiography was performed before the procedure and at 6-months follow-up. RESULTS: There were 36 Q-MI and 8 non Q-MI. The @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) was left anterior descending artery (LAD) 55 per cent, left circumflex artery (LCX) 15 per cent, and right coronary artery (RCA) 30 per cent. Coronary stenting was successfully performed in all @entity1 . Pre- and post-procedural diameter stenosis were 90.5 +/- 8.9 per cent and 2.2 +/- 6.5 per cent. Stent indications were suboptimal results (68.2%), intimal dissection (20.4%), and acute closure (11.4%). Over all in-hospital mortality was 2.27 per cent from @entity1164 . Mean follow-up was 11.41 +/- 4.79 months. There were 1 MI (2.3%), 2 CHF (4.65%), 1 unstable @entity951 (2.3%), 1 transient @entity63 attack (TIA) (2.3%), and no @entity204 . LVEF showed improvement at 6-months follow-up (47.75 +/- 11.55% vs 54.89 +/- 14.76%, p value < 0.001) CONCLUSION: Late coronary stenting of the @entity1188 of @entity1 with @entity583 is feasible, with few complications. There was improved LVEF and intermediate clinical outcome.

title: Short and intermediate clinical outcome after late coronary stenting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'IRA']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: With more than one-third of the world's population living in areas at risk for transmission, @entity779 is a leading cause of illness and @entity204 in the tropics and subtropics. Despite the high incidence of @entity779 , @entity5925 leading to @entity810 is an extremely rare complication of @entity779 . Only a few such cases have been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 42-year-old, previously healthy @entity3595 Lankan Sinhalese @entity1 who developed @entity810 due to @entity5925 following dengue @entity778 . He was transferred to our institution with a five-day history of @entity221 , @entity10 , @entity925 , @entity1662 , and reduced urinary output. He was hemodynamically stable and did not have evidence of plasma leakage. His serology for @entity2015 and immunoglobulin G was positive, and biochemical investigations disclosed evidence of @entity5925 and @entity810 . He was treated with induced alkaline diuresis and hemodialysis, and he experienced an uncomplicated recovery. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of @entity810 significantly increases the mortality of @entity1 with @entity779 . Therefore, early diagnosis and early management are crucial in @entity5925 complicating @entity779 to prevent established @entity810 . It should be kept in mind that the threshold for suspecting @entity5925 is very low in @entity779 . @entity1011 phosphokinase levels should routinely be measured in all @entity1 with severe @entity779 for early detection of @entity5925 to prevent @entity810 .

title: @entity810 due to XXXX following dengue viral infection: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired level of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['dengue immunoglobulin M']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for @entity14784 while percutaneous drainage is reserved for high-risk @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to assess the technical success rate and clinical efficacy of endoscopic gallbladder drainage in @entity1 with @entity14784 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 35 consecutive @entity1 with @entity14784 and without residual common @entity1448 were retrospectively identified. @entity1 were stratified according to the pathogenesis and stages of @entity14784 , and the morphology of the cystic duct and/or its insertion in the common bile duct. Primary outcomes were technical success and early and late clinical success. RESULTS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed within the first 72 hours in 19 @entity1 (54%). Technical success was achieved in 29 @entity1 (83%); drainage was nasocholecystic in 21 of these (72%), plastic stenting in 6 (21%), and a combined method in 2 (7%). The pathogenesis and stage of @entity14784 , and the morphology both of the cystic duct and its insertion in the common bile duct, did not influence technical success. Clinical success was achieved in 24 cases (83%) after a median of 3 days (range 2-12). Four @entity1 (14%) died within 3 days due to septic complications, and one accidentally removed the nasocholecystic drain after 24 hours. Late results, available in 21 @entity1 after a median follow-up of 17 months, showed relapse of @entity14784 in 2 (10%) (both with stents) and of @entity158 in 2 @entity1 (10%), both of whom had nasocholecystic drainage. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1085 seems feasible and effective in resolving @entity14784 , but only as a temporary measure because of a 20% relapse rate in long-term follow-up. Prospective studies are necessary to identify which @entity1 would benefit most from this endoscopic technique in the short and long term.

title: @entity1085 for XXXX : technical and clinical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic gallbladder drainage']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pain']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis']

answer: @entity14784 :: (MESH:D041881,Disease) :: ['acute cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16 ( @entity16 ) are rare disorders associated with @entity5 , which are triggered by autoimmune reactions. @entity37229 ( @entity37229 ) is the @entity16 type most commonly associated with @entity5344 . Two @entity150 manifesting in @entity37229 were previously reported. However, the @entity5 in these cases had poor outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present a 68-year old @entity1 with history of high-grade papillary urothelial @entity150 . The @entity1 suffered from persistent @entity6447 accompanied by @entity150 recurrence five months after transurethral resection of the @entity150 (TURBt). Laboratory screening for the specific antibodies of @entity16 revealed no positive results. Symptoms were not remitted after a 7-day-course of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. To our surprise, the @entity1 recovered fully after laparoscopic radical cystectomy. Postoperative pathology revealed that surgical specimens were @entity189 in situ ( @entity2735 ) and @entity957 . The @entity1 remained asymptomatic and there was no evidence of recurrence after the followup period of 11  months. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the third report of @entity37229 in a @entity1 with @entity150 . This case showed that @entity5 resection cured the @entity37229 . To assist clinical evaluation and management, literature regarding basic @entity16 characteristics and @entity150 was reviewed.

title: An uncommon manifestation of XXXX in a @entity1 with high grade urothelial, @entity189 with squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic neurological syndromes', 'PNS', 'Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder', 'bladder tumour']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity37229 :: ('MESH:D020362', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration']

answer: @entity37229 :: (MESH:D020362,Disease) :: ['paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration']


abstract: Cutaneous exposure to @entity599 mustard ( @entity30783 , @entity2033 ), a chemical warfare agent, produces a delayed inflammatory skin response and severe tissue injury. Despite defined roles of inflammatory cytokines produced or released in response to skin-damaging chemicals, in vivo cytokine responses associated with @entity2033 -induced skin pathogenesis are not well understood. Additionally, there is little information on the in vivo temporal sequence of gene expression of cytokines postexposure to @entity2033 . The goal of these studies was to identify in vivo molecular biomarkers of @entity272 within 24 hours after @entity2033 challenge. Gene expression of @entity635 ( @entity635 ), @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ), @entity777 ( @entity777 ), and @entity634 ( @entity634 ) in the @entity19 ear vesicant model was examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An increase in @entity635 mRNA levels was first observed at 3 hours. @entity635 , @entity2304 , and @entity777 mRNA levels were dramatically increased at 6-24 hours postexposure. @entity634 mRNA levels were not increased following @entity2033 exposure. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that @entity635 and @entity777 protein was produced at multiple sites within the ear, including epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, the dermal microvasculature, smooth muscle, and the dermal connective tissue. An increase in the intensity of staining for @entity635 , and @entity777 was observed in localized areas at 6 hours and was evident in multiple areas at 24 hours. Positive staining for @entity2304 immunoreactive protein was localized to the inflammatory cells within the dermis. The number of immunostaining cells was increased as early as 1 hour following @entity2033 exposure. These studies document an early increase in the in vivo expression of inflammatory cytokines following cutaneous @entity2033 exposure. An understanding of the in vivo cytokine patterns following @entity2033 skin exposure may lead to defining the pathogenic mechanisms of @entity130 and the development of pharmacological countermeasures.

title: Alterations in inflammatory cytokine gene expression in XXXX mustard-exposed @entity19 skin.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity30783 :: ('CHEBI:25434', 'Chemical') :: ['bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['HD skin injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['HD injury']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: Skeletal muscle fibres contain ubiquitous and muscle-specific @entity460 -dependent proteases known as calpains. During normal activity, intracellular [ @entity141 ] in muscle fibres increases to high levels ( approximately 2-20 microm), and it is not apparent how this can be reconciled with the activation properties of the calpains. Calpains evidently do not cause widespread @entity16 within muscle fibres under normal circumstances, but do have a role in @entity39 in @entity121 . In this study, we examined the in situ localization and regulation of calpains in muscle fibres in order to identify how they are attuned to normal function. The sarcolemma of individual muscle fibres of the @entity35 was removed by microdissection (fibre 'skinning') in order to determine the compartmentalization and diffusibility of the two most @entity141 -sensitive calpains, mu-calpain and @entity12991 , and to permit precise manipulation of cytoplasmic [ @entity141 ] under physiological in situ conditions. Passive force production in stretched fibres, which indicates the patency of the important elastic structural protein @entity34594 , was used as a sensitive assay of the amount of diffusible proteolytic activity in individual fibre segments and in muscle homogenates at set [ @entity141 ]. All @entity12991 is bound tightly within a fibre, whereas most mu-calpain ( approximately 0.2 microm) is initially freely diffusible in the cytoplasm at resting [ @entity141 ] but binds within seconds at high [ @entity141 ]. [ @entity141 ] has to be raised to >/= 2 microm for >/= 1 min to initiate detectable autolysis of mu-calpain and to activate appreciable proteolytic activity. If the [ @entity141 ] is raised sufficiently for long enough to initiate substantial autolysis of mu-calpain, the @entity141 sensitivity of the proteolytic activity is greatly increased, and it remains active even at 300 nm @entity141 , with activity only ceasing if the [ @entity141 ] is decreased to approximately 50 nm @entity141 , close to the normal resting [ @entity141 ]. These findings on the @entity141 - and time-dependent binding, autolytic and proteolytic properties of mu-calpain under physiological conditions demonstrate how it is precisely attuned to avoid uncontrolled proteolytic activity under normal circumstances, and indicate why it could lead to substantial @entity16 if resting or localized [ @entity141 ] is elevated, as is likely to occur after eccentric contraction and in @entity121 .

title: Ca2+ activation of diffusible and bound pools of mu-calpain in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['proteolytic damage']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic muscle', 'dystrophic muscle fibres']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Transesophageal echocardiography provides excellent visualization of the left atrial appendage (LAA). This study was conducted to determine whether specific clinical risk factors could predict the presence of LAA @entity715 as demonstrated by transesophageal echocardiography. The most recent 860 transesophageal echocardiographic studies performed at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. The LAA was adequately visualized in 778 @entity1 (90%). For each study, the presence or absence of 5 specific clinical risk factors ( @entity4794 , severe @entity1002 , left @entity384 , @entity955 , or a prosthetic mitral valve) and the presence or absence of LAA thrombi were assessed. One or more clinical risk factors were present in 149 @entity1 , whereas no defined risk factors were noted in 629. Left @entity955 were found in 20 of 149 @entity1 with versus 6 of 629 @entity1 without a clinical risk factor (13% vs 1%, p = 0.0001). By logistic regression analysis, @entity4794 , severe @entity1002 , and left @entity384 were independent risk factors for LAA @entity715 formation. Neither @entity955 nor the presence of a mitral prosthetic valve achieved statistical significance as independent risk factors for LAA @entity715 . Thus, LAA thrombi occur most often in @entity1 with risk factors for @entity715 formation that can be determined by clinical evaluation and transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiography rarely identifies LAA thrombi in @entity1 without such clinical risk factors.

title: Relation of XXXX in the left atrial appendage by transesophageal echocardiography to clinical risk factors for @entity715 formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dilatation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial appendage thrombi']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']