abstract: OBJECTIVE: The most frequent serious @entity458 of immune therapies is @entity308 . In the present study, we tested whether social support, as a positive environmental effect, is able to moderate @entity308 or @entity148 in @entity320 @entity1 during adjuvant low-dose interferon treatment. METHODS: Hundred and twenty-seven @entity320 @entity1 with negative @entity146 history were included in our longitudinal study and followed up for one year. @entity308 and @entity148 were measured six times during treatment: at baseline, at 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month of the therapy. In addition, social support was investigated with the Social Dimension Scale. RESULTS: @entity308 significantly increased during the 12-month follow-up period (p<0.001). However, social support significantly moderated the depressogenic effect of low-dose interferon treatment (p<0.001). @entity1 with better social support showed attenuated increase of @entity308 . @entity148 showed no significant changes during the low-dose interferon treatment (p=0.230). Social support had no moderating effect on @entity148 (p=0.745) during the follow up. DISCUSSION: Our data provide evidence that social support and interferon alpha treatment significantly interact in the development of @entity308 . In addition, our study emphasises that enhancement of social support can reduce depressogenic side effects and increase compliance during adjuvant interferon treatment, and thus, psychological screening and psychooncological counselling should be incorporated in the treatment protocol.

title: Social support decreases depressogenic effect of low-dose interferon alpha treatment in @entity320 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological side effect']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The @entity8587 gene plays a role in urogenital and gonadal development. Germline mutations of this gene have been observed in @entity1 with @entity22164 (Sd). The purpose of this report is to compare phenotype and genotype of these @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective study of 12 @entity1 treated since 1980 for @entity8587 gene-related disorders was conducted. RESULTS: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) occurred in 9 @entity1 , mostly because of @entity7622 ( @entity7622 ) or @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Seven @entity1 underwent kidney transplantation, and 2 died. @entity5 occurred: 8 @entity3969 , one soft tissue @entity5 , one @entity1494 , and one @entity5712 . @entity3969 occurred at a younger age than expected. Eight @entity1 had a 46,XY karyotype. One of these XY @entity1 had female phenotype ( @entity22164 ); she was raised as a @entity1 with bilateral gonadectomy. Seven XY @entity1 had @entity4998 phenotype; 4 have been raised as @entity1 and 3 as @entity1 . Four @entity1 had a 46,XX karyotype; they had female genitalia and were raised as @entity1 . @entity8587 gene analysis was performed in 10 @entity1 and showed heterozygous germline mutations in exon 9 (n = 6), intron 9 (n = 1), exon 3 (n = 1), exon 4 (n = 1), or exon 7 (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity454 was secondary to @entity7622 when exon 9 was mutated, and secondary to @entity8 when intron 9 was mutated. When exon 3, 4, and 7 were mutated, no @entity8 has been observed. @entity3969 occurred with any kind of @entity8587 mutation except intron 9. Abnormal sexual differentiation has been observed in all XY @entity1 with @entity8587 mutation, and the most profound inversion of phenotype was observed with mutation in intron 9. Correlation between phenotype and genotype provides better understanding of the role of @entity8587 , and can help the surgeon in the management of these @entity1 .

title: Surgical management and genotype/phenotype correlations in XXXX gene-related diseases (Drash, Frasier syndromes).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis', 'nephropathy', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['ambiguous']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder papilloma']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Eleven tumors']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumors"]

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['DMS', 'diffuse mesangial sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity22164 :: ('MESH:D052159', 'Disease') :: ['Drash or Frasier syndrome', 'Frasier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8587 :: (7490,Gene) :: ['WT1']


abstract: The goals of surgery in treating @entity302 are to eliminate @entity410 and improve quality of life. This report describes the development of the Epilepsy Surgery Inventory (ESI)-55, a 55-item measure of health-related quality of life for @entity302 @entity1 . The ESI-55 includes the following scales (number of items in parentheses): health perceptions (9), energy/fatigue (4), overall quality of life (2), social function (2), emotional well-being (5), cognitive function (5), physical function (10), @entity158 (2), and three separate scales of role limitations due to emotional, physical, or @entity2414 (5 items each). Also included is one change in health item. The ESI-55 was completed by 89% of 224 adults who had undergone a protocol evaluation for @entity302 surgery since 1974. Alpha internal consistency reliability coefficients ranged from 0.76 to 0.88 except for social function (alpha = 0.68). Multitrait scaling analyses supported item discrimination across scales. Factor analysis confirmed previously identified mental and physical health factors, and yielded a third factor defined by cognitive function and role limitations scales. Construct validity was supported by correlations of the ESI-55 with a mood profile instrument. Analysis of ESI-55 scale scores by @entity410 classification showed that the 44 @entity1 who were @entity410 -free following surgery scored higher than did 55 @entity1 who continued to have @entity410 (P less than 0.05 for all comparisons); 43 @entity1 having @entity410 without @entity909 scored in between. Results of this study indicate that the ESI-55 is reliable, valid, and sensitive to differences in @entity410 status.

title: A health-related quality of life instrument for XXXX evaluated for @entity302 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the current analysis due to the mechanism of effect, we evaluated the treatment benefit of @entity4480 40  mg comparing with @entity903 20  mg, based on its effects on personal distress and interpersonal difficulty related to ejaculation, perceived control over ejaculation, and satisfaction with sexual intercourse, as well as the @entity1 -reported global impression of change in @entity2754 ( @entity2754 ) and the effect on intravaginal ejaculatory latency times (IELT) in @entity1 with @entity2754 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 80 married male @entity1 diagnosed with lifelong @entity2754 . A total of 80 @entity1 were randomly distributed into two groups of 40 @entity1 each. Group 1 @entity1 received 40  mg @entity4480 once a day for a month. Group 2 @entity1 received 20  mg @entity903 once a day for a month. International index of erectile function questionnaire (IIEF) and IELT and @entity2754 profile were recorded before and after treatment. RESULTS: Comparing the groups' mean treatment IELT, there was no difference between groups. The IELT increase from baseline to treatment was 117  % in the @entity4480 group (P  <  0.001) and 126  % in the @entity903 group (P  <  0.001). There was no statistical difference between two groups in terms of IELT increase (P  >  0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups at baseline IIEF to treatment IIEF scores. All PEP measures improved significantly with @entity4480 and @entity903 groups (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: We think that @entity4480 is safe and effective for the treatment for @entity2754 .

title: @entity4480 , dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, versus @entity903 , selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation', 'PE']

answer: @entity2754 :: (MESH:D061686,Disease) :: ['premature ejaculation']


abstract: Alterations in neurodevelopment are thought to modify risk of numerous @entity146 , including @entity161 , @entity2438 , @entity71 , mood and @entity148 , and @entity734 . However, little is known about the cellular and molecular changes that guide these neurodevelopmental changes and how they contribute to @entity1032 . In this review, we suggest that elucidating this process in @entity1 requires the use of model organisms. Furthermore, we advocate that such translational work should focus on the role that genes and/or environmental factors play in the development of circuits that regulate specific physiological and behavioral outcomes in adulthood. This emphasis on circuit development, as a fundamental unit for understanding behavior, is distinct from current approaches of modeling @entity146 illnesses in animals in two important ways. First, it proposes to replace the diagnostic and statistical manual of @entity146 (DSM) diagnostic system with measurable endophenotypes as the basis for modeling @entity1 psychopathology in animals. We argue that a major difficulty in establishing valid animal models lies in their reliance on the DSM/International Classification of Diseases conceptual framework, and suggest that the Research Domain Criteria project, recently proposed by the NIMH, provides a more suitable system to model @entity1 psychopathology in animals. Second, this proposal emphasizes the developmental origin of many (though clearly not all) @entity146 illnesses, an issue that is often glossed over in current animal models of @entity1032 . We suggest that animal models are essential to elucidate the mechanisms by which neurodevelopmental changes program complex behavior in adulthood. A better understanding of this issue, in animals, is the key for defining @entity1 psychopathology, and the development of earlier and more effective interventions for @entity1032 .

title: New frontiers in animal research of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'mental disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric illness']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the safety and feasibility of a complete integrated approach, including induction chemotherapy with @entity3003 / @entity1311 followed by accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy, and then by consolidation chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: Systemic doses of @entity3003 AUC 6 and @entity1311 (200 mg/m2), 3 weeks out of 4, were planned as induction and consolidation chemotherapy. Weekly @entity3003 AUC of 2 plus @entity1311 (50 mg/m2) were given during thoracic radiotherapy. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled: 10 were evaluated at the end of chemoradiation and 8 received consolidation chemotherapy. On an intent-to-treat basis, 55% of @entity1 achieved a response after induction therapy, whereas chemoradiation and consolidation therapy increased the response rate by 33% and 16%, respectively. No @entity1 experienced grade > 3 acute hematologic @entity137 during systemic-dose chemotherapy. With the exception of one episode of a severe cardiac adverse event, @entity1503 was similarly tolerable. Severe acute adverse events observed during concurrent chemoradiation were mainly represented by @entity2910 , resulting in interruption of the radiotherapy in 25% of @entity1 . More notably, only one @entity1 experienced serious non-hematologic late @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the present approach seemed feasible, our data did not support any possible advantage in favor of this three-phase integrated treatment, and therefore the design will not be investigated in a subsequent phase II study.

title: Induction therapy with @entity1311 and XXXX followed by hyperfractionated radiotherapy plus weekly concurrent chemotherapy and subsequent consolidation therapy in unresectable locally advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematologic toxicity']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ablative fractional skin resurfacing has become popular and proven to be useful in treating scars, photoaging and wrinkles. Although @entity32 ( @entity32 ) is the most common complication especially in dark-skinned @entity1 like Asian. Several modalities have been used to overcome the @entity32 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitization potential of sunscreen applied immediately after ablative fractional skin resurfacing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty volunteers were recruited. Of these 30 subjects were from previous ablative fractional skin resurfacing study who applied broad-spectrum sunscreen containing anti-inflammatory agent starting on the first day after resurfacing and another 30 non-resurfacing subjects had applied the same sunscreen on the intact skin. All subjects were patch/photopatch tested for sensitization study by using modified @entity1 repeated insult patch test (HRIPT). RESULTS: There were significantly higher sensitization rate of UV-filter, @entity22049 and the sunscreen in resurfacing group than in non-resurfacing group. CONCLUSION: Early application of sunscreen after ablative fractional skin resurfacing has increased the incidence of sensitization potential of sunscreen. The sunscreen is recommended to start using from D3 after fractional ablative skin resurfacing to ensure the complete recovery of skin barrier and minimize the risk of sensitization.

title: The sensitization potential of sunscreen after ablative fractional skin resurfacing using modified XXXX repeated insult patch test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['PIH', 'post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity22049 :: ('MESH:C088673', 'Chemical') :: ['octocrylene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy before esophagectomy for invasive @entity5 (GEJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 154 @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy for @entity3 between September 1, 1991, and December 31, 1995. The end points evaluated were overall, disease-free, local-regional relapse-free, and systemic relapse-free survival. RESULTS: Seventy of the 154 @entity1 received neoadjuvant combined-modality therapy (CMT) consisting of concurrent @entity900 and @entity1487 administration and accelerated, hyperfractionated radiation therapy. The remaining 84 @entity1 underwent immediate esophagectomy. With a median follow-up of 34.7 months, the 3-year overall, disease-free, and distant metastatic relapse-free survival rates were 38.0%, 41.9%, and 56.0%, respectively. Although neoadjuvant therapy did not appear to prevent distant metastases, there was a dramatic effect on local control. After CMT, the 5-year local control rate was 90% compared to 64% after surgery (P < .001). @entity5 in the GEJ recurred more frequently (P = .01); however, multivariate analysis showed CMT was the only independent predictor of local control. Postoperative mortality was 15.7% after CMT versus 5.9% without CMT (P = .05). CONCLUSION: Local control of @entity418 is excellent following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, the effects of CMT on overall and disease-free survival are less clear due to significant differences between the treatment groups.

title: Resectable XXXX : local control with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'cancer of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Other than age, the risk factors for @entity14000 are not well established. We studied whether the concentration of @entity687 in the cerebrospinal fluid is associated with the risk of @entity14000 . METHODS: We enrolled 170 @entity1 more than 50 years old who had a typical @entity158 . @entity1 were treated with @entity1033 ; no corticosteroids were given. Cerebrospinal fluid was taken for analysis of @entity687 during and at full crusting of the @entity1910 . Age, sex, comorbid conditions, prodromal @entity158 , localization and severity of @entity1910 , number of @entity272 , and degree of @entity158 were recorded. We used multivariate logistic regression modeling to identify significant predictive factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were evaluated to determine the contribution of each factor. RESULTS: Six months after healing, 31 @entity1 (18%) had @entity14000 ; 27 @entity1 still had it after 1 year. Only three variables-age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7 per 10-year increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2 to 6.2), acute @entity158 (OR = 1.8 per unit increase in visual analog scale; 95% CI: 1.2 to 2.8), and @entity687 concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid at full crusting of the @entity1910 (OR = 1.6 per 20-microg/L increase; 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.0)-were significant predictors of @entity14000 at 1 year. @entity687 concentration also had the highest area under the ROC curve at these evaluation points (P <0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity687 concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid at full crusting of @entity1910 may be useful for identifying @entity1 who are likely to develop intractable @entity14000 .

title: Cerebrospinal fluid @entity687 concentrations and the subsequent development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic rash']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful and nontrigeminal herpetic rash', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin 8', 'interleukin 8']

answer: @entity14000 :: (MESH:D051474,Disease) :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity792 occur when immune cells fail to develop or lose their tolerance toward self and destroy body's own tissues. Both insufficient negative selection of self-reactive T cells and impaired development of regulatory T cells preventing effector cell activation are believed to contribute to autoimmunity. Genetic predispositions center around the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II loci involved in antigen presentation, the key determinant of CD4+ T cell activation. Recent studies suggested that variants in the MHC region also exhibit significant non-additive interaction effects. However, collective interactions involving large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributing to such effects are yet to be characterized. In addition, relatively little is known about the cell-type-specificity of such interactions in the context of cellular pathways. Here, we analyzed @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ) genome-wide association data sets via large-scale, high-performance computations and inferred collective interaction effects involving MHC SNPs using the discrete discriminant analysis. Despite considerable differences in the details of SNP interactions in @entity1723 and @entity309 data, the enrichment pattern of interacting pairs in reference epigenomes was remarkably similar: statistically significant interactions were epigenetically active in cell-type combinations connecting B cells to T cells and intestinal epithelial cells, with both helper and regulatory T cells showing strong disease-associated interactions with B cells. Our results provide direct genetic evidence pointing to the important roles B cells play as antigen-presenting cells toward CD4+ T cells in the context of central and peripheral tolerance. In addition, they are consistent with recent experimental studies suggesting that the repertoire of B cell-specific self-antigens in the thymus are critical to the effective control of corresponding autoimmune activation in peripheral tissues.

title: Collective Genetic Interaction Effects and the Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extensively drug-resistant @entity796 (XDR-PA) isolates are susceptible to only one or two classes of antibiotics. In 2011-2012, we investigated an outbreak of XDR-PA affecting @entity1 with onco-hematological diseases. METHODS: Outbreak investigation included ascertainment of cases, tracing of intestinal carriers and environmental surveillance. Contact precautions were adopted for @entity1 with @entity281 or colonization. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility; phenotypic confirmation of carbapenemase production was performed, and carbapenemase genes were tested by multiplex polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR). Genotypes were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: XDR-PA was isolated from 27 @entity1 ; 12 had @entity2259 , 6 other infections and 9 were colonized. Severe @entity1398 was significantly associated with @entity2259 . Bloodstream- @entity281 mortality rate was 67%. All isolates were resistant to carbapenems, @entity2886 and @entity114   +   b-lactamase inhibitors. Isolates were susceptible only to @entity3273 in 22 @entity1 , to @entity3273 and @entity4509 in 4, and to @entity2177 and @entity3273 in 1. PFGE results identified 6 subtypes of a single genotype, associated with clusters of cases, and 4 sporadic genotypes. Two sporadic isolates were metallo-b-lactamase producers, negative to PCR. All other isolates were metallo-b-lactamase producers due to the presence of a VIM carbapenemase. Incidence of XDR-PA infections decreased from 0.72 cases/1,000 inpatient-days in March 2011-March 2012, to 0.34/1,000 in April-December 2012, after implementation of active finding of intestinal carriers on all onco-hematological inpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Control measures targeting intestinal carriers are crucial in limiting in-hospital transmission of XDR-PA polyclonal strains, protecting more vulnerable @entity1 , such as severely @entity1398 @entity1 , from developing @entity922 .

title: An outbreak of extremely drug-resistant XXXX in a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillins']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical infections']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Serum levels of miR-194 have been reported to predict @entity263 recurrence after surgery, but its functional contributions to this disease have not been studied. Herein, it is demonstrated that miR-194 is a driver of @entity263 @entity3 . Prostate tissue levels of miR-194 were associated with disease @entity146 and poor outcome. Ectopic delivery of miR-194 stimulated migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in @entity1 @entity263 cell lines, and stable overexpression of miR-194 enhanced @entity3 of intravenous and intraprostatic @entity5 xenografts. Conversely, inhibition of miR-194 activity suppressed the invasive capacity of @entity263 cell lines in vitro and in vivo Mechanistic investigations identified the ubiquitin ligase suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 ( @entity20139 ) as a direct, biologically relevant target of miR-194 in @entity263 . Low levels of @entity20139 correlated strongly with disease recurrence and @entity3 in clinical specimens. @entity20139 downregulation recapitulated miR-194-driven metastatic phenotypes, whereas overexpression of a nontargetable @entity20139 reduced miR-194-stimulated invasion. Targeting of @entity20139 by miR-194 resulted in derepression of the oncogenic kinases @entity7801 and @entity4016 , leading to enhanced @entity3963 and @entity4104 signaling. Pharmacologic inhibition of @entity3963 and JAK/STAT pathways reversed miR-194-driven phenotypes. The @entity12627 transcription factor was identified as an upstream regulator of miR-194, consistent with a strong concordance between @entity12627 and miR-194 levels in clinical specimens. Overall, these results offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of metastatic progression in @entity263 . @entity5 Res; 77(4); 1021-34.   2016 AACR.

title: MicroRNA-194 Promotes Prostate @entity5 XXXX by Inhibiting @entity20139 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that in a high-salt induced @entity101 in normal @entity35 , whether the changes of intrarenal @entity3449 -agiotensin system (RAS) play a critical role in @entity8 and could be reflected by urinary @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ). METHODS: In the study, 27 normotensive male @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 were divided into control group [0.3% (mass faction) NaCl in chow, n=9, NS], high-salt diet group [8% (mass faction) NaCl in chow, n=9, HS] and high-salt diet with Losartan group [8% (mass faction) NaCl in chow and 20 mg/(kg*d) Losartan in gavages, n=9, HS+L)], and were fed for six weeks. The blood pressure was monitored and urine samples were collected every 2 weeks. AGTs in plasma, kidney and urine were measured by ELISA kits. The renal cortex expression of mRNA and protein of @entity1808 were measured by Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The @entity3449 activity and @entity1808 were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits. RESULTS: Compared with NS, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) [(156  2) mmHg vs. (133  3) mmHg, P<0.05] increased significantly at the end of the 2nd week, and the urinary protein [(14.07  2.84) mg/24 h vs. (7.62  3.02) mg/24 h, P<0.05] increased significantly at the end of the 6th week in HS. Compared with HS, there was no significant difference in SBP (P>0.05) but the @entity644 [(9.69  2.73) mg/24 h vs. (14.07  2.84) mg/24 h, P<0.01] decreased significantly in HS+L. Compared with NS, there was no significant difference in the plasma @entity3449 activity, @entity1808 and @entity1808 level in HS (P>0.05), but the renal cortex @entity3449 content [(8.72  1.98) ng/(mL*h) vs. (4.37  1.26) ng/(mL*h), P<0.05], @entity1808 formation [(4.02  0.60) ng/mg vs. (2.59  0.42) ng/mg, P<0.01], @entity1808 level [(313.8  48.76) pmol/L vs. (188.9  46.95) pmol/L, P<0.05] were increased significantly in HS, and the urinary @entity1808 and @entity1808 excretion rates increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with HS, the plasma @entity3449 activity, @entity1808 and @entity1808 level were significantly increased (P<0.05), but the renal cortex @entity3449 content, @entity1808 formation, @entity1808 level significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the urinary @entity1808 and @entity1808 excretion rates decreased significantly in HS+L (P<0.05). The urinary @entity1808 excretion rates were positively correlated with the @entity1808 level in the renal cortex (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of intarenal RAS may contribute to @entity8 in high-salt induced @entity101 @entity35 . Urinary @entity1808 may reflect the status of intrarenal RAS.

title: [Up-regulation of intrarenal XXXX -agiotensin system contributes to @entity8 in high-salt induced @entity101 @entity35 .]

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A higher total leukocyte count has been reported to predict all-cause mortality in @entity1 , but data are limited for this relation in @entity1 and for the relation between differential leukocyte counts and all-cause mortality in both @entity1 and @entity1 . This study was designed to analyze these relationships in Taiwanese. METHODS: A total of 8447 subjects were enrolled from @entity1 in a physical check-up program at National Taiwan University Hospital from 1995 to 1997. Information on mortality was obtained from a national mortality databank that was updated to the end of 2001. Data were analyzed by Student's t test and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Among the 245 deaths, 88 were due to @entity5 and 62 were due to @entity65 . Cox regression analysis revealed an inverse association between lymphocyte count and all-cause mortality in the study group as a whole (all subjects, p < 0.01, hazard ratio = 0.73). This inverse association was mainly due to an inverse association between lymphocyte count and @entity5 mortality (p < 0.05, hazard ratio = 0.64), especially the mortality from @entity157 (p = 0.010, hazard ratio = 0.29). The latter hazard ratio of 0.29 indicates that, in all subjects, every decrease of 1.0 x 10(9)/L in lymphocyte count increased the risk of mortality from @entity157 by 3.45-fold during an average follow-up period of 65.5 months. There was a positive association between total leukocyte count and all-cause mortality in @entity1 (p < 0.05, hazard ratio = 1.10), mainly due to both the neutrophil and monocyte counts having positive associations with the @entity65 (both p < 0.05, hazard ratio = 1.23 and 1.22, respectively). The latter hazard ratio of 1.22 indicates that, in @entity1 , every increase of 0.1 x 10(9)/L in monocyte count increased the risk of @entity65 by 1.22-fold. CONCLUSIONS: In Taiwanese adults of both genders, a lower lymphocyte count is associated with @entity5 mortality, especially mortality from @entity157 . In Taiwanese @entity1 , higher neutrophil and monocyte counts are associated with @entity65 .

title: Peripheral differential leukocyte counts and subsequent mortality from all diseases, XXXX , and @entity65 in Taiwanese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: @entity301 is a leading cause of @entity204 in industrialized nations. @entity407 with elevated serum total @entity165 , LDL @entity165 , and @entity1674 is a known major @entity65 factor. HDL @entity165 is considered to be protective, so low HDL @entity165 is being recognized as an independent @entity65 factor that contributes to the development of @entity731 and related adverse cardiovascular events. The recognition of insulin resistance and @entity209 is a step further in understanding these risk factors. Attempts at reducing serum @entity165 with different strategies in the past have met with limited success until the development of statins. The advent of statins has revolutionized the management of @entity407 . The post-statins era has seen major clinical trials demonstrating the benefit of @entity165 reduction in the setting of both primary and secondary prevention. In general, there appears to be a 25% to 40% relative risk reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events such as @entity204 , @entity583 , and @entity64 . The recent megatrials further suggest that aggressive management of @entity165 in @entity1 with high @entity65 may be beneficial. Though the concept of the-lower-the-better may be looming, the question of "How low is good enough?" remains controversial. The results of recent megatrials such as the Heart Protection Study go a step further than the NCEP guidelines and suggest that statin therapy may benefit @entity1 at high risk of @entity65 regardless of their baseline values. We summarize the results of the available large clinical trials in our understanding of the management of @entity2299 in a setting of primary prevention.

title: Management of @entity2299 in the primary prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Mongolian gerbil provides a unique model of unilateral focal @entity2806 because of the lack of posterior communicating arteries in all gerbils as well as an absence of an anterior communicating artery in approximately 20% of the gerbil population. It is unclear how to identify unequivocably the subpopulation of animals that would suffer a severe focal @entity2806 after unilateral @entity432 . METHODS: Ninety-three male gerbils were exposed to unilateral occlusion of the right common carotid artery. The severity of @entity528 was evaluated histologically in gerbils selected as having significant focal @entity63 based on either behavioral criteria (i.e., the demonstration of stereotypical behavior within 1 hour after occlusion) or ophthalmoscopic criteria (i.e., interruption of the retinal arterial perfusion within 10 minutes of carotid ligation as assessed with an ophthalmoscope). After 3 hours of unilateral @entity432 , cerebral blood flow was reinstated for 24 hours before fixation for histological analysis. The viability of the @entity1399 region of the hippocampus, lateral cortex, and medial cortex was scored on a scale of 0-4 based on the percentage of apparent @entity528 (e.g., 0, no damage; 4, > 75% damage (the Viability Index). RESULTS: Twenty-eight percent of the gerbils met the behavioral selection criteria, and 17% met the ophthalmoscopic criteria. In the specimens selected by behavioral criteria (n = 7), 30% demonstrated no evidence of postischemic @entity528 ; the mean +/- SEM Viability Index scores for @entity1399 , lateral cortex, and medial cortex were 1.6 +/- 0.6, 1.0 +/- 0.3, and 0.3 +/- 0.2, respectively. Of the animals selected by ophthalmoscopic criteria (n = 12), 100% had severe @entity63 tissue damage to the ipsilateral hemisphere; the Viability Index scores for @entity1399 , lateral cortex, and medial cortex were 3.5 +/- 0.1, 3.1 +/- 0.2, and 1.2 +/- 0.2, respectively; all scores were significantly larger than those observed in the behaviorally selected group. CONCLUSIONS: Selection of animals by ophthalmoscopic criteria provides a reliable, consistent method to predict animals with severe focal @entity2806 .

title: Prediction of XXXX by ophthalmoscopy after @entity432 in gerbils.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass from agriculture wastes is a potential source of biofuel, but its use is currently limited by the recalcitrance of the plant cell wall to enzymatic digestion. Modification of the wall structural components can be a viable strategy to overcome this bottleneck. We have previously shown that the expression of a fungal polygalacturonase ( @entity57912 from @entity11150 ) in @entity958 and @entity286 plants reduces the levels of de-esterified homogalacturonan in the cell wall and significantly increases saccharification efficiency. However, plants expressing @entity57912 show stunted growth and reduced biomass production, likely as a consequence of an extensive loss of pectin integrity during the whole plant life cycle. We report here that the expression in @entity958 of another pectic enzyme, the pectate lyase 1 (PL1) of @entity17367 , under the control of a chemically inducible promoter, results, after induction of the transgene, in a saccharification efficiency similar to that of plants expressing @entity57912 . However, lines with high levels of transgene induction show reduced growth even in the absence of the inducer. To overcome the problem of plant fitness, we have generated @entity958 plants that express @entity57912 under the control of the promoter of SAG12, a gene expressed only during senescence. These plants expressed @entity57912 only at late stages of development, and their growth was comparable to that of @entity7097 plants. Notably, leaves and stems of transgenic plants were more easily digested by cellulase, compared to @entity7097 plants, only during senescence. Expression of cell wall-degrading enzymes at the end of the plant life cycle may be therefore a useful strategy to engineer crops unimpaired in biomass yield but improved for bioconversion.

title: Controlled expression of pectic enzymes in XXXX enhances biomass conversion without adverse effects on growth.

entities_list: @entity17367 :: ('554', 'Species') :: ['Pectobacterium carotovorum']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: @entity5719 or @entity62 is one of the major aspects of neonatal @entity75 , especially in the premature baby. These necroses are found mainly in the deep periventricular white matter of the "semi-oval centre". Characteristically, they are ischaemic and their anatomical and histological progress is rapid: coagulation @entity39 with rapid axonal fragmentation followed by polymorphic cellular reaction with glial cells and macrophages. Regeneration in the minor forms consists of glyosis process in severe forms; multiple cavities appear in a few weeks. Physiopathogenic hypotheses put forward are related to: 1 -- the very anatomic aite: special tissue and terminal arteries, 2 -- onset of myelinization process, 3 -- associated clinical and biological lesions such as @entity519 , @entity520 and hypotention. These lesions are symptom-free during the neonatal period. One of us suggested in 1962 that these could be the anatomical basis of @entity10302 or @entity306 ( @entity306 ). All motor cerebral sequelae have disappeared since 10 years. This is particularly significant mainly in the case of @entity306 of the former premature baby under 2500 g. This decrease coincides with improvement in neonatal care, especially correction of @entity519 , @entity520 and @entity65 . These findings seem to support the pathogenic hypotheses.

title: [ XXXX and subsequent brain status in relation to intensive neonatal care].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity10302 :: ('MESH:D018437', 'Disease') :: ['spastic monoplegia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['Leucomalacia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter necrosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ["LITTLE's disease", 'spastic diplegia', 'diplegia']

answer: @entity5719 :: (MESH:D007969,Disease) :: ['Leukomalacia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cesarean delivery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by obstetricians. Infectious morbidity after cesarean delivery can have a tremendous impact on the postpartum @entity1 's return to normal function and her ability to care for her baby. Despite the widespread use of prophylactic antibiotics, @entity86 morbidity still complicates cesarean deliveries. OBJECTIVES: To determine if cleansing the vagina with an antiseptic solution before a cesarean delivery decreases the risk of maternal infectious morbidities, including @entity532 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (10 December 2014). SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized and quasi-randomized trials assessing the impact of vaginal cleansing immediately before cesarean delivery with any type of antiseptic solution versus a placebo solution/standard of care on post-cesarean infectious morbidity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We independently assessed eligibility and quality of the studies. MAIN RESULTS: Seven trials randomizing 2816 @entity1 (2635 analyzed) evaluated the effects of vaginal cleansing (all with @entity4279 ) on post-cesarean infectious morbidity. The risk of bias was generally low, with the quality of most of the studies being high. Vaginal preparation immediately before cesarean delivery significantly reduced the incidence of post-cesarean @entity7288 from 8.3% in control groups to 4.3% in vaginal cleansing groups (average risk ratio (RR) 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 0.81, seven trials, 2635 @entity1 ). The risk reduction was particularly strong for @entity1 who were already in labor at the time of the cesarean delivery (7.4% in the vaginal cleansing group versus 13.0% in the control group; RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.95, three trials, 523 @entity1 ) and for @entity1 with ruptured membranes (4.3% in the vaginal cleansing group versus 17.9% in the control group; RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.55, three trials, 272 @entity1 ). No other outcomes realized statistically significant differences between the vaginal cleansing and control groups. No adverse effects were reported with the @entity4279 vaginal cleansing.The quality of the evidence using GRADE was low for post-cesarean @entity7288 , moderate for @entity86 , and low for wound @entity281 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal preparation with @entity4279 solution immediately before cesarean delivery reduces the risk of postoperative @entity7288 . This benefit is particularly realized for @entity1 undergoing cesarean delivery, who are already in labor or who have ruptured membranes. As a simple, generally inexpensive intervention, providers should consider implementing preoperative vaginal cleansing with @entity4279 before performing cesarean deliveries.

title: Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis and wound complications']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever', 'postoperative infectious']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CCSVI was recently described in @entity1 with @entity15 . CCSVI is diagnosed noninvasively by Doppler sonography and invasively by catheter venography. We assessed the role of conventional MRV for the detection of @entity154 in @entity1 with @entity15 diagnosed with CCSVI and in healthy controls who underwent MRV and Doppler sonography examinations during 6 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity15 underwent @entity215 , TRICKS, Doppler sonography, and catheter venography at baseline. They were treated at baseline with percutaneous angioplasty and re-evaluated 6 months' posttreatment with MRV and Doppler sonography. In addition, 6 healthy controls underwent a baseline and a 6-month follow-up evaluation by Doppler sonography and MRV. RESULTS: At baseline, the sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV of Doppler sonography for detecting IJV abnormalities relative to catheter venography in @entity1 with @entity15 were calculated, respectively, at 82%, 100%, 99%, and 95%. The figures were 99%, 33%, 33%, 99% for @entity215 and 99%, 39%, 35%, and 99% for TRICKS. @entity1211 included the annulus, septum, membrane, and malformed valve. No agreement was found between @entity215 and catheter venography in 70% of @entity1 with @entity15 and between TRICKS and catheter venography in 60% of @entity1 with @entity15 . At follow-up, 50% of the @entity1 with @entity15 presented with abnormalities on Doppler sonography but only 30% were diagnosed with @entity256 . CONCLUSIONS: Conventional MRV has limited value for @entity154 for both diagnostic and posttreatment purposes.

title: Value of MR venography for detection of internal @entity154 in XXXX : a pilot longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['assessing IJV anomalies', 'IJV anomalies']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous anomalies']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: This randomized, double-blind, multicenter, diet-and-placebo-controlled study was designed to clarify the dose-response relationship of @entity5753 therapy to lipid-modifying efficacy and drug-related adverse events. Exclusion criteria were minimized so that study @entity1 were representative of the majority of @entity1 with moderate @entity1007 seen in medical practice. After 6 weeks on the American Heart Association Step 1 Diet, a total of 8,245 @entity1 were randomly assigned to 48 weeks of treatment with diet and placebo or @entity5753 at dosages of 20 or 40 mg once a day or 20 or 40 mg twice a day. All adverse events were monitored, with particular attention to evaluation of liver and muscle. Liver transaminase elevations suggestive of possible hepatotoxicity, defined as successive elevations in either @entity492 transaminase or @entity493 aminotransferase greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal, occurred in equal numbers of placebo and @entity5753 20 mg/day treated @entity1 (0.1%). The frequencies were higher in @entity5753 40 mg/day and 80 mg/day @entity1 groups (0.9 and 1.5%, respectively). No @entity1 was diagnosed as having clinically symptomatic @entity409 . @entity1011 kinase (CK) elevations above the upper limit of normal occurred frequently in placebo- (29%), as well as @entity5753 -treated @entity1 (29-35%), and muscle symptoms were reported with similar frequency in all groups (7-9%). The combination of muscle symptoms with marked CK elevations (greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal) was seen in only five @entity1 : one in a 40 mg/day dose group and four in the 80 mg/day dose group. No @entity1 developed @entity5925 . The incidence of clinical and laboratory adverse events requiring discontinuation was 6% for the placebo group and from 7% (20 mg/day) to 9% (80 mg/day) for @entity5753 treatment groups. No new types of adverse experiences related to @entity5753 treatment were reported. @entity5753 , as an adjunct to diet for the reduction of elevated LDL @entity165 , was generally very well tolerated.

title: Expanded clinical evaluation of XXXX (EXCEL) study results: IV. Additional perspectives on the tolerability of @entity5753 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5753 :: (MESH:D008148,Chemical) :: ['lovastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity6 ( @entity4989 ) confers a higher risk for @entity378 ( @entity378 ). However, information on associated risk factors for @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) inpatients with @entity4989 is limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study to elucidate the prevalence of @entity9178 and its associated factors on Mexican adults with @entity4989 receiving medical care at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). METHODS: Six hundred @entity1 with @entity4989 without a prior history of @entity378 from outpatient @entity6 clinics were enrolled in the study. The tuberculin-skin-test (TST) was performed. The presence of @entity9178 was defined by a TST value of >= 5  mm. A standardized interview and physical examination were conducted to obtain clinical, demographic, and @entity9178 risk factor information; all subjects were laboratory tested to determine the presence of exclusion criteria. Microscopic examination of sputum samples and chest x-rays was performed to identify potential active @entity378 . Subjects with any finding suggesting active @entity378 or @entity5 were excluded. A logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with @entity9178 . RESULTS: @entity9178 prevalence among @entity1 with @entity4989 was 51.3%. Risk factors for @entity9178 were living with a relative with @entity378 , having been in prison, having hemoglobin values >14  g/dL, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values of >7%. Blood pressure, economic income, or anthropometric measurements were not associated risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Over one half of @entity1 with @entity3918 harbor @entity9178 . Exposure to certain environmental conditions and poorly controlled @entity4989 (HbA1c >7.0%) were risk factors for having @entity9178 in @entity1 with @entity4989 .

title: Associated Risk Factors for Latent XXXX in Subjects with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['active tuberculosis', 'TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis Infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1070 is the most common complication after @entity439 repair and require close surveillance. Hence, the need to validate new techniques as alternative to helical CT-scan, the reference standard. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Cadence Contrast Pulse Sequencing ultrasound technique with second generation contrast agents in detecting endoleaks, and to compare the results with data obtained from CTA. METHODS: 30 @entity1 with endovascular stent grafts, during their regular follow-up consisting in serial CT and ultrasound exams performed at discharge, at one and six months and at one year thereafter, previous informed consent, were enrolled in a prospectic double blind study design in order to compare triphasic helical CT-scan to another adjunctive ultrasound investigation (Cadence CPS technique with Sono Vue). No more than 15 days occurred between the two examinations. In the study were evaluated only data obtained from the comparison of the two concomitant investigations, independently from the follow-up. Variables analysed were changes in the maximum diameter of the aneurysmal sac, presence and type of endoleak, if detected. In the case of disagreement between the two diagnostic tools angiography was performed. RESULTS: One @entity1 dropped out because of violation of the study protocol (a @entity64 occurred in the time interval between the two investigations). Both exams visualised patency and proper graft placement in all the remaining @entity1 . Aneurysmal diameters with both investigations overlapped (r(s):0.98). In 21 @entity1 no endoleak was detected with a significant aneurysmal sac shrinkage (P<0.001). In seven @entity1 both methods confirmed presence of endoleak. Ultrasonography detected all type of endoleaks, while CT-scan was uncertain in one. Moreover, in one @entity1 CT-angiography showed an increased aneurysmal diameter without other evidence, while a contrast ultrasound investigation disclosed a type II low-flow endoleak, confirmed by angiography. CONCLUSIONS: The Cadence Contrast Pulse Sequencing with echo contrast agent is an ultrasound technique that substantially improves the ultrasound diagnostic reliability.

title: Contrast ultrasound imaging: the best method to detect XXXX repair follow-up.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['Type II endoleak']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['type II endoleak during endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High levels of @entity172 during pregnancy not only retard placental and fetal growth but can lead to reproductive tract abnormalities in male progeny. @entity172 act through @entity172 receptors (ER) to modulate the transcription of target genes. These ER exist in two isoforms, @entity7605 and @entity12209 and recently several variants of these isoforms have been identified. METHODS: The expressions of ER isoforms and variants have been studied in @entity35 placenta at 16, 19 and 21 days gestation (dg). Gene expression was assessed using RT-PCR and real time PCR while protein expression was studied using Western blotting followed by immunodetection. Placental homogenates were probed with: a monoclonal antibody raised against the @entity134 binding domain of the @entity7605 ( @entity7605 -S), a monoclonal antibody raised against the hinge region of @entity7605 ( @entity7605 -H) and a polyclonal antibody raised against the @entity1472 terminus of @entity12209 . RESULTS: @entity7605 and @entity12209 mRNA and protein were detected from as early as 16 dg. Two PCR products were detected for @entity7605 , one for the wild type @entity7605 , and a smaller variant. Real time PCR results suggested the presence of a single product for @entity12209 . The antibodies used for detection of @entity7605 protein both identified a single 67 kDa isoform; however a second 54 kDa band, which may be an @entity7605 variant, was identified when using the @entity7605 -H antibody. The abundance of both @entity7605 bands decreased significantly between 16 and 19 dg. As for @entity12209 , four bands (76, 59, 54 and 41 kDa) were detected. The abundance of the 59 and 54 kDa bands decreased significantly between 16 and 19 dg. CONCLUSION: This study shows that both ER protein isoforms and their variants are present in @entity35 placenta. The decrease in their expression near parturition suggests that the placenta may be relatively unresponsive to @entity172 at this stage.

title: @entity172 receptors alpha and beta in XXXX placenta: detection by RT-PCR, real time PCR and Western blotting.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogens', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with recurrent or persistent high-grade non-muscle-invasive @entity150 after bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) therapy are termed "BCG failures." We hypothesize that BCG-refractory @entity1 who fail to respond to BCG have worse outcomes after bladder-sparing treatments compared with BCG-relapsing @entity1 whose @entity5 recur after at least a 6-month disease-free interval. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened 32 @entity1 who had failed BCG therapy for eligibility in a multicenter investigational trial. BCG-refractory @entity1 received instillations of a mycobacterial cell wall-DNA complex extract. BCG-relapsing @entity1 were treated with additional BCG or other intravesical agents. Both groups of @entity1 were followed prospectively with transurethral biopsy after 6 months, and cystoscopy every 3 to 6 months for more than 2 years. Median follow-up time for all @entity1 was 53 months (range: 24-72mo). RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 were classified as BCG refractory and 15 @entity1 defined BCG relapsing. Recurrence-free median survival time was 10 months for BCG-refractory @entity1 receiving mycobacterial cell wall-DNA complex vs. 23 months for BCG-relapsing @entity1 who received another induction course of BCG therapy (P = 0.002). Progression-free survival time was 18 months for BCG-refractory vs. 52 months for BCG-relapsing @entity1 (P = 0.001). Of the 17 BCG-refractory @entity1 , 8 (47%) have died vs. 3 (20%) of the 15 BCG-relapsing @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: BCG-refractory and BCG-relapsing categories differentiate BCG-failed @entity1 into high-and lower-risk prognostic groups that may be useful in guiding treatment strategies.

title: BCG-refractory vs. BCG-relapsing non-muscle-invasive XXXX : A prospective cohort outcomes study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status is strongly associated with smoking prevalence and social class differences contribute substantially to social inequalities in mortality. This research investigated socioeconomic and country variations in smokers' knowledge that smoking causes @entity299 , @entity64 , @entity323 and @entity2 , that smoke contains @entity3789 , @entity349 , @entity3494 and @entity1223 , and whether @entity1239 causes most of the @entity5 . METHODS: Data were from the International @entity286 Control (ITC) Four Country Survey, a cohort survey of over 9000 adult smokers from four countries: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Data were collected via telephone interviews in 2002. RESULTS: Higher education and income were associated with higher awareness. For example, the odds of knowing that smoking causes @entity299 , @entity2 were respectively 71%, 34% and 83% larger for respondents with high versus low income. The odds of knowing that smoke contains @entity3789 , @entity349 , @entity3494 and @entity1223 were respectively 66%, 26%, 44% and 108% larger for respondents with a university degree than those with a high school diploma or lower level of education. Results also revealed that awareness of harms of smoking was generally the highest in Canada and the lowest in the UK. CONCLUSIONS: Lower socioeconomic status was associated with lower awareness of the harms of smoking and misunderstanding around @entity1239 . There is a need to improve knowledge of the dangers of smoking among the disadvantaged segments of the population.

title: Socioeconomic and country variations in knowledge of health risks of XXXX smoking and toxic constituents of smoke: results from the 2002 International @entity286 Control (ITC) Four Country Survey.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['stroke and lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because recent data demonstrated that the shortened survival and excess @entity65 of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 are predicted by hyperphosphataemia, we examined the haemodynamic alterations associated with high serum @entity3151 levels in @entity454 @entity1 on haemodialysis. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity454 @entity1 were studied. @entity1 were separated arbitrarily into two groups, i.e. with predialysis serum @entity1391 <2 mmol/l ('normal' @entity1391 ) and, serum @entity1391 >2 mmol/l ('high' @entity1391 ). Cardiac and arterial function and structure were analysed by computer-assisted ultrasonography. RESULTS: Hyperphosphataemic @entity1 were characterized by higher diastolic and mean blood pressures (P<0.05), and higher cardiac index (P<0.001) caused by an increased @entity64 index (P<0.05) and higher heart rate (P<0.01). The cardiac work index was significantly increased in @entity1 with higher @entity1391 levels (P<0.01). Hyperphosphataemic @entity1 tended to have a higher common carotid artery diameter (P=0.07), but similar carotid artery intima-media thickness, and lower carotid wall-to-lumen ratio (P<0.05) than @entity1 with 'normal' serum @entity3151 . As a result of lower wall-to-lumen ratio in the presence of higher mean blood pressure, the carotid tensile stress was higher in hyperphosphataemic @entity454 @entity1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that, in stable @entity454 @entity1 , hyperphosphataemia is associated with increased BP, @entity71 circulation, increased cardiac work, and high arterial tensile stress. These @entity854 could favour the development of @entity65 and contribute to high @entity65 and mortality.

title: Association of hyperphosphataemia with haemodynamic disturbances in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular complications', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very few population based results have been presented for survival after resection for @entity2 . The purpose of this study was to present long term survival after resection and to quantify prognostic factors for survival. METHODS: All @entity2 @entity1 diagnosed in Norway in 1993-2002 were reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway (n = 19 582). A total of 3211 @entity1 underwent surgical resection and were included for analysis. Supplementary information from hospitals (including co-morbidity data) was collected for @entity1 diagnosed in 1993-8. Five year observed and relative survival was analysed for @entity1 diagnosed and operated in 1993-9. Factors believed to influence survival were analysed by a Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: Five year relative survival in the period 1993-9 was 46.4% (n = 2144): 58.4% for stage I disease (n = 1375), 28.4% for stage II (n = 532), 15.1% for IIIa (n = 133), 24.1% for IIIb (n = 63), and 21.1% for stage IV disease (n = 41). The high survival in stage IIIb and IV was due to the contribution of @entity5 . Cox regression analysis identified male sex, higher age, procedures other than upper and middle lobectomy, histologies such as @entity5 , surgery on the right side, infiltration of resection margins, and larger @entity5 size as non-favourable prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Survival was favourable for resected @entity1 in a population based group including subgroups such as elderly @entity1 , those with advanced stage, @entity151 , @entity5 with @entity3 , and @entity1 with @entity5 . These results question the validity of the current @entity2802 system for @entity2 with regard to @entity5 size and categorization of @entity5 .

title: Survival after resection for primary @entity2 : a population based study of 3211 resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma', 'multiple tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['nodal invasion']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In a model of @entity191 ( @entity191 ), @entity4944 , a @entity935 (DA)-releasing drug, fails to induce @entity717 in a proportion of @entity35 with complete unilateral @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) lesions of the medial forebrain bundle and DA neurons of the substantia nigra. To investigate this phenomenon, individual @entity2955 lesions (measured by @entity669 hydroxylase immunohistochemistry) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (A9), ventral tegmental area (A10), and striatum were examined in conjunction with outcomes of four behavioral tests. The behavioral tests were skilled paw reaching, a head-turning test, and @entity3826 (0.05 mg/kg) and @entity4944 (4 mg/kg) drug-induced rotations. Four weeks postlesion, ipsilateral side bias measured by the head-turning test correlated strongly with extent of @entity528 . Additional A10 neuronal DA lesions did not substantially improve the model fit, indicating that the head-turning bias was primarily A9 dependent. In contrast, total head-turning activity increased monotonically with lesions of A10 striatal DA fibers. Skilled paw-reaching accuracy decreased with increased lesion of both A9 and A10 DA neuronal systems. Associating @entity4944 -induced rotations with extent of A9 DA lesion generated a second-order polynomial model, y = -11.1x + 0.20 x(2) + 208.7 (R(2) = 0.73), with an overall F ratio (df = 2,21) of 28.4 (P < 0.0001). This model predicts that an A9 DA lesion of about 50% is required to induce an ipsilateral turning bias, after which rotations increase with the degree of @entity528 . No further change in rotational behavior was seen until an additional A10 DA lesion reached 60%, after which the rotational response decreased. This analysis provides tests that differentiate between A9 DA degeneration and combined A9/A10 lesions in animal models and in addition allows predictive testing of @entity191 therapeutic intervention at a preclinical level.

title: @entity191 are reflected by proportional A9/A10 @entity935 XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral drug rotations']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['A9 DA neuronal lesion']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuron degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3562 is associated with @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ). We examined the relationship between @entity1255 and 1) volumetric measure of white matter change (WMC), 2) silent @entity4798 , 3) @entity194 on MRI and 4) cognition on a consecutive cohort of @entity1 with @entity64 associated with @entity6249 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 consecutively admitted to the @entity64 Unit in a university hospital due to @entity64 associated with @entity6249 were recruited and assessed three months after the @entity64 . Non-fasting @entity1255 was obtained. Using MRI, the number of @entity1188 , volume of WMC and @entity194 were measured. General cognitive functions were assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination and @entity195 Assessment Scale. Mattis @entity303 Rating Scale - Initiation/Perseveration subset was used to assess executive cognitive functions. RESULTS: @entity3562 (> or = 14.88 micromol/L) significantly accounted for the volume of WMC on MRI in a multivariate stepwise regression model (adjusted R(2)=0.058, p <0.05) after adjustment for age and @entity1501 level. @entity1 in the highest quartile of WMC volume had significantly higher levels of @entity1255 than those in lowest quartile (p <0.001). No significant relationship was found between @entity1255 and silent @entity4798 , @entity194 and performance on psychometric tests. CONCLUSION: @entity3562 is associated with volumetric measure of WMC among @entity1 with @entity6249 . The role of @entity1255 in the development of silent @entity4798 and @entity194 as previously reported cannot be ascertained in this study. No direct relationship was found between @entity1255 and cognitive functions.

title: @entity3562 is associated with volumetric white matter change in XXXX with @entity6249 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Acute Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease', 'SVD']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There are few published population-based data for @entity410 ( @entity410 ). We prospectively identified first presentations of @entity410 from a population of 367,566, over 3 years. @entity410 were diagnosed in 68 @entity1 , in 54 of whom the diagnosis was confirmed by video/EEG recording, indicating an incidence of 4.90/100,000/year. Median diagnostic delay was 0.6    0.2 year. At presentation with @entity410 , our @entity1 already had high rates of @entity5845 , medically unexplained symptoms other than @entity410 , and economic dependence. At 3 months postdiagnosis, 27 of 54 @entity1 (50.0%) were spell free. For 24 of the 27 @entity1 (88.9%), spells ceased immediately on communication of the diagnosis. At 6 months, 24 of 54 @entity1 (44.4%) were spell free. Poor early outcome was predicted by unemployment. Our data suggest that early outcome is good in @entity1 with recent-onset @entity410 , but some @entity1 relapse quickly.

title: Newly presenting @entity410 : incidence, population characteristics, and early outcome from a prospective audit of a first XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic nonepileptic seizures', 'PNES']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['psychological morbidity']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to assess the long-term outcome and efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of symptomatic @entity4522 . METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with fixed symptomatic intracranial stenoses were treated over a 5-year period with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. @entity1 who underwent successful angioplasty were followed up for 16 to 74 months (mean, 35.4 months). RESULTS: An angioplasty that resulted in decreased @entity850 was performed in 21 of 23 @entity1 (91.3%). In 1 case a @entity850 could not be safely crossed, and in another @entity384 resulted in @entity397 . This @entity397 resulted in the 1 periprocedural death in the series. In follow-up there was 1 @entity64 in the same vascular territory as the angioplasty and 2 @entity64 in the series overall. This yielded an @entity64 rate of 3.2% for @entity64 in the territory appropriate to the site of angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial angioplasty can be performed with a high degree of technical success. The long-term clinical follow-up available in this series suggests that it may reduce the risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with symptomatic intracranial stenoses.

title: Outcome of angioplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'annual stroke', 'stroke', 'future stroke']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['vessel rupture']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses']

answer: @entity4522 :: (MESH:D002537,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic intracranial stenosis']


abstract: AIM: To compare apelin-13, a ligand of G-protein-coupled receptor which has been shown to be involved in retinal angiogenesis, and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) serum levels in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) with or without @entity989 , and to investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of apelin-13 and @entity6 . METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 with @entity6 were enrolled. Of the 69 @entity1 , 16 had proliferative @entity6 ( @entity1106 group), 23 had non- @entity1106 (NPDR group) and 30 had no @entity989 ( @entity6 group). Subjects' information, including demographics, medical history, and use of medications were recorded. Their serum samples were collected for measuring the levels of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), serum lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin. Apelin-13 and @entity7 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences among these groups. Chi-square test was used to assess categorical variables. Correlations between variables were investigated by Spearman rho correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed through SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS: Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, @entity1851 , hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) have no significantly difference in the three groups. Serum level of apelin-13 was significantly elevated in @entity1106 group as compared with @entity6 group (P=0.041). Differences of @entity7 serum concentration in the three groups were statistically significant (P=0.007, P=0.007 and P<0.001, respectively). Spearman rho correlation test showed that serum apelin-13 was positively correlated with BMI, serum @entity1674 , @entity7 , but not with age, duration of @entity6 , blood pressure, @entity1851 , HbA1c and total- @entity165 . Stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI also significantly associated with serum apelin-13 (P=0.002), while @entity7 and serum @entity1674 were irrelevant. CONCLUSION: This study elucidated a positive association of apelin-13 serum level with @entity1106 , but not with @entity7 . Apelin-13 may influence the promotion of @entity1106 but unrelated with @entity7 .

title: Elevation of serum apelin-13 associated with proliferative @entity6 in type 2 @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes retinopathy', 'diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity55031 gene of the @entity10043 - @entity5538 permease (PCP) of @entity375 and the allele @entity55031 -21 have been cloned on the @entity375 multicopy plasmid pJDB207. The corresponding plasmids were introduced into a @entity375 carrying a chromosomal deletion at the @entity55031 locus. The resulting strains were designated pAB4 and pAB25 respectively. The pAB25 strain, which carries the @entity55031 -21 allele, contains four @entity535 changes in the open reading frame of the PCP (Weber et al., 1989). The influence of these mutations was studied on cells by determination of the uptake constants of @entity10043 bases and @entity5538 [apparent Michaelis constant of transport (Ktapp) and Vmax] and on plasma-membrane preparations, by measurements of binding parameters at equilibrium [(Kd and maximum amount of binding sites/Bmax)]. For strain pAB4, the Ktapp and Vmax of uptake were almost similar for all solutes considered [1.8-2.6 microM and 8.5-10.2 nmol.min-1.(10(7) cells)-1]. The main effect of the mutations in strain pAB25 was based on a large increase in Ktapp for all ligands except @entity5536 . Plasma membranes of each strain displayed one class of specific binding sites. Variations in Kd of 0.4-1 microM were observed for pAB4. These slight variations had no effect on the Ktapp of uptake measured for the corresponding solutes. In contrast, using pAB25 membranes, Kd increased dramatically; 2.6 microM, 40 microM and 96 microM for @entity5536 , @entity5538 and @entity3625 , respectively. These increments were correlated to variations in Ktapp of the uptake for @entity5538 and @entity3625 . Therefore, we conclude that modification in the Ktapp of uptake in the strain carrying @entity55031 -21 allele is merely due to a modification of the binding ability of the permease for its ligands.

title: In vivo and in vitro studies of the @entity10043 - @entity5538 permease of XXXX . Functional analysis of a mutant with an altered apparent transport constant of uptake.

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae strain']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the interobserver agreement on phenotypic early-onset @entity2055 (EOA) assessment and to explore whether the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia ( @entity25136 ) could provide a supportive marker. METHOD: Seven @entity717 specialists provided independent phenotypic assessments of potentially ataxic motor behaviour in 40 @entity1 (mean age 15y [range 5-34]; data derived from University Medical Center Groningen medical records 1998-2012). We determined interobserver agreement by Fleiss' kappa. Furthermore, we compared percentage @entity25136 subscores ([subscore/total score]*100%) between 'indisputable' (primary @entity2055 recognition by at least six observers) and 'mixed' ( @entity2055 recognition, unfulfilling 'indisputable' criteria) EOA phenotypes. RESULTS: Agreement on phenotypic EOA assessment was statistically significant (p<0.001), but of moderate strength (Fleiss' kappa=0.45; 95% CI 0.38-0.51). During mild disease progression, percentage @entity25136 gait subscores discriminated between 'indisputable' and 'mixed' EOA phenotypes. In @entity1 with percentage @entity25136 gait subscores >30%, primary @entity2055 was more frequently present than in those with subscores <30% (p=0.001). INTERPRETATION: Among @entity717 professionals from different disciplines, interobserver agreement on phenotypic EOA recognition is of limited strength. @entity25136 gait subscores can provide a supportive discriminative marker between EOA phenotypes. Hopefully, future phenotypic insight will contribute to the inclusion of uniform, high-quality data in international EOA databases.

title: Reliability of phenotypic early-onset XXXX assessment: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement-disorder', 'movement disorder']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['ataxia']


abstract: Several recent studies have highlighted the potential benefits of using @entity453 ( @entity453 ) surgery, particularly in high-risk @entity1 . The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the effect of @entity453 on the incidence of @entity64 compared with coronary artery bypass grafting using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in elderly @entity1 . We performed a meta-analysis of all observational studies, published in MEDLINE between 1999 and 2002 and a comparison between the @entity453 and CPB techniques in elderly @entity1 was performed with the outcome of interest being the incidence of @entity64 . Elderly @entity1 were defined as those aged 70 years or older. Nine studies are included in the meta-analysis. The total number of subjects included was 4,475 @entity1 , of which, 1,253 underwent @entity453 (28%) and 3,222 (72%) underwent CPB. The meta-analysis showed that the @entity453 technique was associated with significantly lower incidence of @entity64 in elderly @entity1 compared with the CPB technique (1% vs 3%), with an odds ratio of 0.38% to 95% (CI, 0.22 to 0.65). We did not identify any significant heterogeneity and funnel plot asymmetry between the studies included in the meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis including variables predicting @entity64 , mortality, and study characteristics did not show any associations affecting the calculated odds ratio of @entity64 . Despite the fact that this is a meta-analysis of observational studies and adjustment for differences in baseline risk factors between @entity453 and CPB @entity1 was not possible, we believe that this study suggests that the @entity453 technique might be associated with reduced incidence of @entity64 in the elderly @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

title: Off-pump myocardial revascularization is associated with less incidence of XXXX in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['off-pump coronary artery bypass', 'OPCAB']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity0 is a worldwide @entity3082 among @entity1 , and one of the most rapidly increasing @entity5 . Not only the incidence rate but also the @entity204 rate is increasing. Despite enthusiastic efforts in early diagnosis, aggressive surgical treatment and application of additional non-operative modalities, its prognosis is still dismal. This emphasizes the necessity to develop new measures and strategies for its prevention. The understanding of the biology of angiogenesis is improving rapidly, offering the hope for more specific vascular targeting of @entity5 . Anti-angiogenic therapy is a promising, relatively new form of @entity5 treatment using drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors that specifically inhibit new blood vessel growth. Extensive studies conducted over the past few years have recognized that overexpression of @entity2247 , @entity7 in the @entity5 might be the leading factors, can induce angiogenesis via induction of multiple pro-angiogenic regulators. @entity0 growth and metastasization are both hormone-sensitive and angiogenesis-dependent. A single angiogenic inhibitor is not capable to inhibit angiogenesis. Therefore, we should select a combination of angiogenesis inhibitors targeting @entity2247 , @entity7 , and @entity540 pathway. This article reviews the background and implementation of the current use of angiogenesis inhibitors and discusses the likely therapeutic roles in the early and @entity0 together with its potential for chemoprevention.

title: Anti-angiogenic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'Breast tumor', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor neovasculature', 'cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: It is significant for @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) to receive prehospital emergency treatment as early as possible to reduce mortality. Therefore, a new prefilled multi-drug injector was developed to improve the treatment of @entity131 . Here, we studied the pharmacokinetics of @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) and nefopam using the injector to investigate the significance of drug interactions and the necessity of dose adjustment. METHODS: @entity35 were administered @entity3784 and nefopam intramuscularly alone or in combination using the injector. The concentrations of @entity3784 and nefopam were measured by means of HPLC. The noncompartmental approach was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: All animals appeared to tolerate the injection very well. The maximum concentration 90% confidence interval (CI) of nefopam was in the bioequivalence range when nefopam was co-administered with @entity3784 . However, the AUC 90% CI of nefopam was out of the range. A statistically significant alteration was also observed in the clearance of nefopam. The co-administration exhibited no significant influence on the pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity3784 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the co-administration of @entity3784 and nefopam using the prefilled multi-drug injector significantly alters some pharmacokinetic parameters of nefopam and has a minor effect on @entity3784 pharmacokinetics.

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity619 and nefopam administered alone or in combination using a newly developed prefilled multi-drug injector in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A massive loss of inner hair cells typifies the cochleae of Bronx waltzer mutant @entity19 . We have characterized the surviving inner hair cells and their modified innervation by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against @entity20137 , with additional stains for neural cell adhesion molecule and neurofilaments, and by electron microscopy. The surviving inner hair cells vary in size, @entity20137 content and innervation. All @entity20137 -positive cells are innervated by @entity20137 -positive endings. There is apparent correspondence between the @entity20137 immunoreactivity of sensory cells and their innervation. Well-stained cells are richly innervated (and large) while lightly stained cells received fewer nerve endings. @entity20137 -negative inner hair cells innervated either by @entity20137 -positive or -negative nerve endings are very rare. Ultrastructurally, the surviving inner hair cells vary from those of a normal morphological appearance to underdeveloped or vacuolated. Most of the apparently normal inner hair cells are associated with few nerve endings; instead nerve growth cones are abundant in the adjacent inner spiral sulcus epithelium. Cells forming ribbon synapses with afferent endings are rare. The contingent of efferent endings in the inner spiral bundle depends on the presence of afferent endings. The absence of inner hair cells and the uneven distribution of nerve endings on the surviving cells results in the disruption of normal innervation patterns, especially in the thinning out or discontinuation of the inner spiral bundle and an uneven distribution of tunnel fibres. We infer that the sprouting of nerve endings and their convergence on a selected population of the surviving inner hair cells represents a compensatory regenerative phenomenon in response to the loss and the genetic defect of the remaining inner hair cells.

title: Patterns of hair cell survival and innervation in the cochlea of the bronx waltzer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20137 :: ('13807(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase', 'Neuron-specific enolase']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the initial experience with combined @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging for suspected recurrent @entity3557 (DTC) at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (SHSC), Toronto. DESIGN: Single institution retrospective study. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 from SHSC who underwent FDG PET/CT imaging for suspected recurrent DTC over a period of 2.5 years were identified and their charts reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Qualitative appraisal of FDG PET/CT imaging in suspected recurrent DTC. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (14F, 2M) were identified accounting for 17 FDG PET/CT scans. Three scans (18%) in 3 different @entity1 were reported as suspicious for recurrent disease in the neck (1-3 lesions) and were considered "positive". All were subsequently confirmed pathologically (4-13 positive lymph nodes post operatively). Prior conventional imaging was abnormal in two @entity1 . Two @entity1 had an elevated non-stimulated thyroglobulin (TG) < 10 ng/mL (4.9 and 9.4). The remaining @entity1 had a TG < 0.3 ng/mL but was anti-TG antibody positive (84 IUx10-3/L). With a median follow up of 15 months (range 7-36) there were no false positive or negative scans. Incidental pathology ( @entity0 , large bowel @entity1127 ) was identified on a further 2/17 scans (12%). CONCLUSIONS: FDG PET/CT imaging is able to detect recurrent DTC in @entity1 with low TG levels. It can complement conventional imaging findings and exclude distant FDG-avid metastases prior to surgery. It may underestimate the number of positive lymph nodes in the neck. Occult pathology may be identified with whole body FDG PET/CT.

title: @entity419 positron emission tomography-computed tomography for suspected recurrent XXXX : early experience at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary differentiated thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Standard treatment of single brain metastases so far is @entity5 resection in combination with postoperative whole-brain radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery. Here, we report retrospectively our first experience with postoperative hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hfSRT) to the resection cavity in order to replace upfront WBRT with respect to treatment efficacy and safety. METHODS: Between March 2006 and October 2011, 33 @entity1 with a single newly diagnosed intracranial @entity3 were treated with hfSRT following microsurgical resection. Fractionation concepts were 10     4  Gy (n  =  22), 7     5  Gy (n  =  7) and 5     6  Gy (n  =  4). Planning target volume enclosed the @entity5 resection cavity with a safety margin of 4  mm. RESULTS: No @entity1 demonstrated @entity137 grade 2 or higher. Actuarial median overall survival summed up to 20.2  months, and 12-month survival was 64  %. Actuarial mean local brain control was 30.6  months, median distant brain control 12.4  months and intracranial control 8.8  months, respectively. Actuarial 1-year rates of local, distant brain and intracranial control were 71, 57 and 43  %. Salvage whole-brain radiotherapy due to recurrent brain metastases was performed in 13 @entity1 (39  %). CONCLUSION: Postoperative hfSRT appears to be a feasible treatment option in @entity1 with a single newly diagnosed brain @entity3 . Replacing the standard postoperative whole-brain radiotherapy necessitates compliant @entity1 and regular MRI follow-up analysis.

title: Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hfSRT) after XXXX resection of a single brain @entity3 : report of a single-centre individualized treatment approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']