abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity24782 classically combines low-molecular-weight @entity644 , @entity5200 with @entity11604 , and @entity177 . @entity1985 range @entity644 , normal calciuria, and @entity1371 have been rarely reported. It is unknown whether the changes in phenotype observed over time are explained by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or whether there is any phenotype-genotype relationship. To answer this we retrospectively analyzed data from 109 male @entity1 with @entity26746 mutations (Dent-1) and 9 @entity1 with mutation of the @entity10057 gene (Dent-2). In Dent-1 disease, the estimated GFR decreased with age, by 1.0 to 1.6 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr in the absence and presence of @entity11604 , respectively, with no significant difference. Median values of low-molecular-weight @entity644 were in the @entity1985 range and remained at the same level even in late @entity8 . @entity454 occurred in 12 @entity1 , at a median age of 40 years. @entity5200 decreased with glomerular filtration and was absent in 40% of the @entity1 under 30 and 85% of those over the age of 30. @entity5886 did not resolve with age and @entity3873 concentrations were in the upper normal range. Kalemia decreased with age, with half of the @entity1 over the age of 18 presenting with @entity1371 . Thus, no phenotype/genotype correlation was observed in this cohort of @entity1 with @entity24782 .

title: Observations of a large XXXX cohort.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity24782 :: ('MESH:D057973', 'Disease') :: ['Dent disease']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['Hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'Nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalciuria', 'hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity24782 :: (MESH:D057973,Disease) :: ['Dent disease']


abstract: It has been proposed that four members of the aquaporin family ( @entity29631 ) are involved in the control of @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) homeostasis, as illustrated by their differential expression patterns in normal and pathological @entity1 term fetal membranes. However, there are no data available to date on their ontogeny throughout pregnancy. Our objective was to determine spatiotemporal expression profiles of the mRNA and proteins of all 13 members of this transmembrane channel family. For this purpose, we used healthy fetal membranes from the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Total mRNA and proteins were extracted from total membranes and from separated amnion and chorion. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry experiments were carried out to determine the presence of AQPs and to quantify their spatiotemporal expression patterns throughout pregnancy. The WISH cell line was tested to propose a cellular model for the role of AQPs in the amnion compartment. @entity29632 expression was established in amniotic membranes at term. Aquaporins 1, 3, 8, 9, and 11 mRNA and proteins were present in amnion and chorion throughout @entity1 gestation. Each AQP has a time-specific expression pattern, with @entity3261 presenting the highest variation in terms of mRNA and protein levels. The WISH cell line also expressed the same five AQPs. Taken together, these results indicate that AQPs are expressed and potentially involved in the regulation of @entity6703 homeostasis throughout pregnancy. This also clearly supports the hypothesis that abnormal expression could occur at any time during pregnancy, ultimately leading to obstetrical pathologies such as @entity2978 or @entity2906 .

title: Ontogeny of aquaporins in XXXX fetal membranes.

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effect of an intravenous infusion of @entity413 on plasma @entity412 (TG) concentration in fed @entity35 was determined in order to partially elucidate the mechanism of @entity6 -induced @entity2298 . @entity413 infused at 8 mg/kg per min caused the plasma TG concentration to be elevated significantly when compared to controls infused with saline alone. In @entity35 which were euglycemic (clamped, insulin infused at 2.5 mU/kg per min), plasma TG concentration remained constant throughout the @entity413 infusion period (8 mg/kg per min). @entity1602 @entity35 infused with insulin (2.5 mU/kg per min) as well as with @entity413 (16 mg/kg per min) were also hypertriglyceridemic. Infusion of insulin alone did not change the concentration of plasma TG over a 150 min period. @entity413 was also infused (8 mg/kg per min) with @entity1943 (1 micrograms/kg per min) to block endogenous production of insulin. @entity1943 infusion did not suppress @entity413 -induced @entity2298 . For all treatments, the net change in TG concentration was found to positively correlate with the net change in plasma @entity413 concentration at 150 min after the infusions (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001). The higher TG concentration in the @entity413 infused, @entity1602 clamp and @entity413 plus @entity1943 groups reflected an increased rate of TG secretion, in the presence of a lower concentration of plasma free @entity1718 . These results suggest that in a non-fasted state, acute @entity4854 increases plasma TG by stimulating hepatic TG secretion, in a manner which is independent of either plasma insulin or free @entity1718 levels.

title: Effect of acute @entity4854 on plasma @entity412 concentration and @entity412 secretion rate in non-fasted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic', 'Hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences between skeletal and chronological age and to assess the role of @entity2175 status, anthropometric data, and football related variables in explaining injury statistics in elite schoolboy footballers. DESIGN: Prospective study of @entity130 according to skeletal age. SETTING: Premier league football club in England. @entity1 : 292 schoolboy players (age 9-16) registered at the club INTERVENTIONS: Annual x ray film of hand or wrist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data on injury 2001-7. Skeletal age determined with the Fels method. Skeletal age of more than one year above chronological age was classified as an early maturer, within one year as a normal maturer, and more than one year below normal as a late maturer. Injury and hours of training and rates of exposure to match play. RESULTS: Over six years 476 @entity130 were reported. The mean chronological age (11.74 (SD 2.35) years) and skeletal age defined by x ray picture (12.08 (SD 3.14) years) showed a significant mean difference of -0.344 (95% confidence interval -0.490 to -0.198; t=-4.64, df=280). Analysis of covariance showed that injury incidents did not differ significantly with @entity2175 status after adjusting for training time, playing time, height, and position played (F=0.3(2,160), P=0.73). General log linear analysis with a Poisson model showed that difference in @entity2175 , playing hours, and training hours collectively explained 48% of the variance in injury incidents. Injury exposure rates differed considerably, with 1.44/1000 hours for training and 10.5/1000 hours for match play. CONCLUSION: Maturity, defined by the difference between chronological age and skeletal age, plus training and playing hours together predict @entity130 . Injury exposure rates were higher for match play than training, which could have implications for targeting preventative interventions by academy staff. The use of skeletal age measurements to establish accurate "windows of opportunity" for training is more appropriate than the commonly used chronological age. Caution is needed when interpreting differences in injury occurrence as the factors that contribute are often complex.

title: Investigation of growth, development, and factors associated with XXXX : prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injury in schoolboy footballers', 'injuries in schoolboy footballers']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury in elite schoolboy footballers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ) is one of most common complications in preterm @entity1 . Although @entity5018 represents the first choice for the closure of @entity2461 , this treatment can cause severe @entity344 and worsen platelet function. The successful closure of the @entity2461 with @entity1443 has been recently reported in several preterm @entity1 , and the safety of @entity1443 for this use has been suggested by the available data. METHODS/DESIGN: We present the design of a randomized, multicenter, controlled study, whose aim is to assess the effectiveness and safety of intravenous @entity1443 in comparison to intravenous @entity5018 for the treatment of @entity2461 in preterm @entity1 . A total of 110 @entity1 born at 25(+0) to 31(+6) weeks of gestational age will be enrolled and randomized to receive @entity1443 or @entity5018 (55 @entity1 per group) starting at 24-72  h of life. The primary endpoint of the study is the comparison of the @entity2461 closing rate observed after a 3-day course with @entity1443 or @entity5018 . The secondary endpoints include the closure rate of @entity2461 after the second course of treatment with @entity5018 , the re-opening rate of the @entity2461 , the incidence of surgical ligation, and the occurrence of adverse effects. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide new information about the possible use of @entity1443 in the treatment of @entity2461 . @entity1443 could offer several important therapeutic advantages over current treatment options, and it could become the treatment of choice for the management of @entity2461 , mainly due to its more favorable side effect profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02422966 . Eudract no. 2013-003883-30.

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous XXXX in comparison to @entity5018 for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm @entity1 : study protocol for a randomized control trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and adverse renal effects']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'Patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: Physiotherapy is widely used in @entity191 ( @entity191 ), but there are few controlled studies comparing active interventions. Recently, a technique named "LSVT  BIG" has been introduced. LSVT  BIG is derived from the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment and focuses on intensive exercising of high-amplitude movements. In the present comparative study, 60 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 were randomly assigned to receive either one-to-one training (BIG), group training of Nordic @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ), or domestic nonsupervised exercises (HOME). @entity1 in training (BIG) and @entity4464 received 16 hours of supervised training within 4 (BIG) or 8 ( @entity4464 ) weeks. The primary efficacy measure was difference in change in Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score from baseline to follow-up at 16 weeks between groups. UPDRS scores were obtained by blinded video rating. ANCOVA showed significant group differences for UPDRS-motor score at final assessment (P < 0.001). Mean improvement of UPDRS in BIG was -5.05 (SD 3.91) whereas there was a mild deterioration of 0.58 (SD 3.17) in @entity4464 and of 1.68 (SD 5.95) in HOME. LSVT  BIG was also superior to @entity4464 and HOME in timed-up-and-go and timed 10 m walking. There were no significant group differences for quality of life (PDQ39). These results provide evidence that LSVT  BIG is an effective technique to improve motor performance in @entity1 with @entity191 .

title: Comparing exercise in XXXX --the Berlin LSVT  BIG study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Cloned 2.2-kb DNA (plasmid psb-2.2) of @entity9463 , a pathogen in @entity791 and non- @entity791 @entity1 [Lo et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 41 (1989) 364-376; 601-616], contains a 1405-bp genetic element closely resembling bacterial insertion sequence (IS) elements. This IS-like element has 29-bp terminal inverted repeats with seven mismatches, is immediately flanked by 3-bp direct repeats, and has typical stem-and-loop structures at or near both the termini. Two potential open reading frames ( @entity18085 and @entity27548 ) encode 143 @entity1522 (aa) and 103 aa, respectively, in this IS-like element. Part (57 aa) of the deduced aa sequence of @entity27548 has a significant homology (43%) with the putative transposase of @entity526 IS3. In this study, a series of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides each containing a specific sequence of a selected segment in psb-2.2, have been used as probes which reveal that the IS-like element occurs more than ten times in the genome of M. incognitus. This potentially transposable element has many characteristic features in common with bacterial IS elements.

title: Identification of an insertion-sequence-like genetic element in the newly recognized @entity1 pathogen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['Mycoplasma incognitus']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity9463 :: (MESH:D009175,Disease) :: ['Mycoplasma incognitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limping is a common presenting pediatric complaint, caused by conditions originating in the lower extremities as well as in anatomical areas surrounding the hip joint. Pathologic processes presenting with limping include @entity130 , @entity32 , @entity281 , and @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: In this report, we present a case of @entity530 presenting with limping in a toddler. We review common conditions presenting with limping in this age group, and discuss laboratory and radiographic evaluation of limping in toddlers. CASE REPORT: A 20-month-old previously healthy @entity1 presented for evaluation of limping and history of fever. The physical examination was suggestive of @entity603 . Radiological evaluation revealed normal hip X-ray study, a normal complete blood count, and a moderately increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Due to the persistence of limping, tenderness over the inguinal area and subsequent development of @entity4 over the inguinal area, magnetic resonance images of the hip and pelvis were obtained, which revealed a @entity530 . The @entity1 improved after ultrasound-guided drainage of the abscess and a course of intravenous antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Although @entity603 is the most common pathology that causes limping in toddlers, limping can also be a presentation of pelvic pathology. Thus, in this age group, a detailed physical examination of the @entity1 with special emphasis on structures adjacent to the hip joint is extremely important. Laboratory evaluation and additional imaging help confirm the suspected diagnosis.

title: Limping in toddlers: XXXX presenting with @entity603 picture.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['transient synovitis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic abscess']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is becoming a popular method for optical biopsy of digestive mucosa for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Computer aided diagnosis of CLE images, using image processing and fractal analysis can be used to quantify the histological structures in the CLE generated images. The aim of this study is to develop an automatic diagnosis algorithm of @entity14 ( @entity14 ), based on fractal analysis and neural network modeling of the @entity694 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 1035 artifact-free endomicroscopy images, obtained during CLE examinations from normal mucosa (356 images) and @entity5 regions (679 images). The images were processed using a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) medical imaging system in order to obtain an automatic diagnosis. The CAD application includes image reading and processing functions, a module for fractal analysis, grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) computation module, and a feature identification module based on the Marching Squares and linear interpolation methods. A two-layer neural network was trained to automatically interpret the imaging data and diagnose the pathological samples based on the fractal dimension and the characteristic features of the biological tissues. RESULTS: Normal colon mucosa is characterized by regular polyhedral crypt structures whereas malignant colon mucosa is characterized by irregular and interrupted crypts, which can be diagnosed by CAD. For this purpose, seven geometric parameters were defined for each image: fractal dimension, lacunarity, contrast correlation, energy, homogeneity, and feature number. Of the seven parameters only contrast, homogeneity and feature number were significantly different between normal and @entity5 samples. Next, a two-layer feed forward neural network was used to train and automatically diagnose the malignant samples, based on the seven parameters tested. The neural network operations were cross-entropy with the results: training: 0.53, validation: 1.17, testing: 1.17, and percent error, resulting: training: 16.14, validation: 17.42, testing: 15.48. The diagnosis accuracy error was 15.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Computed aided diagnosis via fractal analysis of glandular structures can complement the traditional histological and minimally invasive imaging methods. A larger dataset from colorectal and other pathologies should be used to further validate the diagnostic power of the method.

title: Computer Aided Diagnosis for Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['CLE-generated colon mucosa images']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: We previously reported the binding specificities of two anti- @entity4163 GD2 murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), A1-425 and A1-267, both of which are of @entity3172 isotype. A1-425 reacts specifically with @entity4163 GD2, whereas A1-267 binds preferentially to GD2 but also reacts with @entity20577 [Tai, T., Kawashima, I., Tada, N., _ Dairiki, K. (1988) J. Biochem. 103, 682-687]. In this paper, they were used for comparative analyses of antibody-mediated @entity137 , i.e., antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 (ADCC) and complement-dependent @entity137 (CDC) against @entity1 @entity320 and @entity521 cell lines. @entity320 cells were found to contain GD2 and/or @entity20577 , whereas @entity521 cells expressed only GD2. Both antibodies induced high levels of ADCC and CDC to GD2/ @entity20577 -positive cells with @entity1 peripheral large granular lymphocytes (LGL) as effector cells and in the presence of human serum, respectively. A good correlation was obtained between the contents of @entity11241 and the binding level of the antibodies; both @entity320 and @entity521 cells with larger amounts of GD2/ @entity20577 showed a higher level of antibody binding than did the cells with a smaller amount of GD2/ @entity20577 . Surprisingly, ADCC did not correlate well with the binding level of the antibodies. Thus, A1-425 showed stronger lytic activity than A1-267 in spite of the binding level of A1-425 being similar to or lower than that of A1-267 on the cell surfaces. Antigen-antibody complexes composed of GD2 and A1-425 showed higher binding levels to LGL than complexes of GD2 and A1-267. In contrast, free MAb molecules gave minimum binding to LGL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Monoclonal antibodies to @entity11241 : characterization of antibody-mediated XXXX against @entity1 @entity320 and @entity521 cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

entities_list: @entity11241 :: ('MESH:C025447', 'Chemical') :: ['disialogangliosides']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Solar energy has a number of short- and long-term detrimental effects on skin that can result in several @entity272 . The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on endogenous systems within the skin for protection from solar radiation and present research findings to date, on the exogenous options for such skin photoprotection. RESULTS: Endogenous systems for protection from solar radiation include melanin synthesis, epidermal thickening and an antioxidant network. Existing lesions are eliminated via repair mechanisms. Cells with irreparable damage undergo apoptosis. Excessive and chronic sun exposure however can overwhelm these mechanisms leading to photoaging and the development of cutaneous @entity5 . Therefore exogenous means are a necessity. Exogenous protection includes sun avoidance, use of photoprotective clothing and sufficient application of broad-spectrum sunscreens as presently the best way to protect the skin. However other strategies that may enhance currently used means of protection are being investigated. These are often based on the endogenous protective response to solar light such as compounds that stimulate pigmentation, antioxidant enzymes, DNA repair enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants. CONCLUSION: More research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of new alternatives to photoprotection such as use of DNA repair and antioxidant enzymes and plant @entity6398 and to find an efficient way for their delivery to the skin. New approaches to the prevention of @entity272 are important especially for specific groups of @entity1 such as (young) @entity1 , photosensitive @entity1 and @entity1 on immunosuppressive therapy. Changes in public awareness on the subject too must be made.

title: Solar radiation induced XXXX : review of protective and preventive options.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders', 'skin damage']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin damage']


abstract: We have confirmed the serum @entity460 -raising effect of adrenalectomy in young male @entity35 5-6 h after parathyroidectomy that was first observed by others many years ago. (The phenomenon has also been reported in @entity468 , @entity235 , and @entity19 .) In addition, we have shown that adrenalectomy raises the serum ionized @entity460 as well as total @entity460 and that the effect occurs in young female as well as in young male @entity35 . Furthermore, we have found that the serum @entity460 -raising effect of adrenalectomy occurs if the adrenalectomy is performed several days before parathyroidectomy or 6 h after parathyroidectomy, as well as at the same time as the parathyroidectomy. When the @entity35 were adrenalectomized 7-9 days before parathyroidectomy and given small daily life-maintaining doses of @entity2819 or @entity7043 , this glucocorticoid treatment did not reverse the adrenalectomy effect. This led us to think at first that the effect of adrenalectomy must be due to the loss of an unknown adrenal factor rather than to loss of glucocorticoid. Additional experiments, however, in which @entity2819 or @entity701 was administered by continuous release pellets, demonstrated conclusively that a small continuous supply of @entity2819 (within the physiological range as determined by immunoassay of plasma) was sufficient to reverse the adrenalectomy effect. The results with @entity701 were similar at even lower doses than of @entity2819 . Somewhat higher doses of @entity2819 or @entity701 reduced the serum @entity460 even below the parathyroidectomy level. In a preliminary investigation of the specificity of the glucocorticoid effect we found that @entity1369 , @entity2494 , or @entity53 had no effect on serum @entity460 under similar conditions. We conclude that the fall in serum @entity460 after parathyroidectomy in @entity35 is due in part to the @entity14645 effect of endogenous @entity2819 . Thus, the loss of @entity2819 after adrenalectomy explains the serum @entity460 -raising effect of adrenalectomy in parathyroidectomized @entity35 . These results also suggest that glucocorticoids at physiological levels have a significant effect on @entity460 metabolism in general.

title: @entity14645 effect of physiological concentrations of @entity2819 in adrenalectomized-parathyroidectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity7043 :: ('MESH:C015087', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: 1. Single atrial myocytes obtained by enzyme perfusion from hearts of adult @entity840 were investigated using whole-cell voltage clamp and Indo-1 micro-fluorometry. 2. In myocytes loaded with a solution containing @entity1792 as a low-affinity, non-saturable @entity141 chelator, two types of [ @entity141 ]i transients could be recorded during repetitive activation of L-type @entity141 current. Both large and small [ @entity141 ]i transients occurred; large transients reached peak values of about 1 microM, and small transients were about 100 nM or less in amplitude. 3. In the case of the large transients, peak [ @entity141 ]i was usually reached with a variable delay after repolarization from a voltage step that activated @entity460 current (ICa). For the small transients the rise in [ @entity141 ]i paralleled ICa. Upon repolarization [ @entity141 ]i started to decay. 4. The small transients reflect entry of @entity141 through @entity141 channels (entry transients), whereas the large transients are due to entry and release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (release transients). 5. The entry transients displayed a positive staircase pattern during trains of depolarizing voltage steps despite constant or even decreasing amplitude of ICa. The steepness of the staircase was increased by elevation of [ @entity141 ]o. Entry transients were always smallest immediately after a release transient. 6. After functional removal of the sarcoplasmic reticulum by @entity5834 (1-5 mM) the staircase pattern of the transients reflecting @entity141 entry was abolished. 7. It is concluded that the staircase pattern is due to rapid uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of @entity141 entering the cell, resulting in an attenuation of the signal. The attenuation is strongest shortly after a release signal, when the rate of sequestration of @entity141 by the SR should be highest. 8. Evidence is provided that a compartment of the SR is involved in attenuation of the entry transients. This compartment has been identified recently as a peripheral release compartment.

title: @entity460 transients caused by @entity460 entry are influenced by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in XXXX atrial myocytes.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: Mutations in @entity20217 are associated with @entity6694 , an @entity18479 . To identify genes targeted by @entity20217 , we sequenced 100 in vivo @entity20217 -binding sites in @entity19 brain. Several sequences mapped to an imprinted gene cluster on chromosome 6, including @entity26308 and @entity26309 , whose transcription was roughly two times greater in brains of @entity20217 -null @entity19 compared with those of wild-type @entity19 . The maternally expressed gene @entity26308 showed a loss of imprinting in lymphoblastoid cells from individuals with @entity6694 . Because @entity26308 regulates production of enzymes that synthesize @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), loss of imprinting of @entity26308 may alter GABAergic neuron activity in individuals with @entity6694 . In @entity19 brain, @entity26308 imprinting was relaxed, yet @entity20217 -mediated silent-chromatin structure existed at the @entity26308 - @entity26309 locus in brains of wild-type, but not @entity20217 -null, @entity19 . @entity20217 targeted @entity12231 to a sharply defined, approximately 1-kb region at the @entity26308 - @entity26309 locus and promoted repressive histone methylation at Lys9 at this site. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-combined loop assays showed that @entity20217 mediated the silent chromatin-derived 11-kb chromatin loop at the @entity26308 - @entity26309 locus. This loop was absent in chromatin of brains of @entity20217 -null @entity19 , and @entity26308 - @entity26309 interacted with far distant sequences, forming distinct active chromatin-associated loops. These results show that formation of a silent-chromatin loop is a new mechanism underlying gene regulation by @entity20217 .

title: Loss of silent-chromatin looping and impaired imprinting of XXXX in @entity6694 .

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity18479 :: ('MESH:D038901', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder']

answer: @entity26308 :: (13395(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['DLX5']


abstract: We have reviewed the outcome of @entity1 who have undergone thalamotomy for the intention @entity400 of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Twenty-four @entity1 underwent 29 procedures between 1988 and 1995. These @entity1 were assessed for the degree of disability due to @entity15 and for the impairment of arm function due to the @entity400 . Preoperative, postoperative and last follow-up score (mean 2.2 years) were determined for arm function following thalamotomy. @entity1 satisfaction, where expressed, was recorded. Twenty-three procedures (79%) resulted in immediate improvement in arm function. Thirteen complications were recorded. Postoperative fatigue was demonstrated after seven procedures. Sustained benefit was seen after 18 procedures (62%). Out of 23 @entity1 whose opinions are recorded four were enthusiastic and 10 satisfied with the outcome. We conclude that, despite severe disability, a majority of @entity1 with intention @entity400 of @entity15 may still benefit from thalamotomy and are satisfied with the results.

title: Vim thalamotomy for the relief of the intention XXXX of @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: Despite its importance in a variety of plant defense responses, our understanding of how @entity7214 (JA) functions at the biochemical level is limited. Several @entity535 conjugates of JA were tested for their ability to complement the JA-insensitive @entity958 mutant @entity25630 -1. Unlike free JA, JA-Ile inhibited root growth in @entity25630 -1 to the same extent as in the wild type, whereas JA- @entity2596 , JA-Leu, and JA- @entity815 were ineffective inhibitors in both genotypes. Thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of products produced in vitro by recombinant @entity25630 demonstrated that this enzyme forms JA-amido conjugates with several @entity1522 , including JA-Ile. JA- @entity2596 , -Leu, -Ile, and - @entity815 were each quantified in @entity958 seedlings by GC-MS. JA-Ile was found at 29.6 pmole g(-1) fresh weight (FW) in the wild type but was more than sevenfold lower in two @entity25630 alleles. JA-Leu, - @entity2596 , and - @entity815 were present at only low levels in both genotypes. Expression of wild-type @entity25630 in transgenic @entity25630 -1 plants restored sensitivity to JA and elevated JA-Ile to the same level as in the wild type. The @entity1786 precursor @entity16463 (ACC) conjugated to JA was also found in plant tissue at 18.4 pmole g(-1) FW. JA-ACC was determined not be an effective jasmonate root inhibitor, and surprisingly, was twofold higher in the mutants than in the wild type. This suggests that another JA-conjugating enzyme(s) is present in @entity958 . Synthesis of JA-ACC might provide a mechanism to coregulate the availability of JA and ACC for conversion to the active hormones JA-Ile and @entity1786 , respectively. We conclude that @entity25630 is a JA- @entity1472 synthetase that is required to activate JA for optimal signaling in @entity958 . Plant hormone activation by conjugation to @entity1522 and the enzymes involved in their formation were previously unknown.

title: The oxylipin signal XXXX is activated by an enzyme that conjugates it to isoleucine in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity16463 :: ('CHEBI:18053', 'Chemical') :: ['1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity7214 :: (MESH:C011006,Chemical) :: ['jasmonic acid']


abstract: Treatment of intracranial @entity438 by interventional neurovascular techniques is now being performed in selected cases. From a transfemoral approach, under local anesthesia, a detachable silicone microballoon can be guided through the intracranial circulation, directed into the @entity439 , inflated with a polymerizing agent for solidification, and detached. The goal is to exclude the @entity439 from the circulation and preserve flow through the parent artery. Since 1984, 84 @entity1 have been treated by this technique. The @entity1 ranged in age from 15 to 83 years (mean age, 48) and included 63 females and 21 males. The distribution of @entity439 included 59 in the anterior circulation and 25 in the posterior circulation. The presenting symptom or cause was mass effect in 45 @entity1 (53.6%), @entity510 in 31 @entity1 (36.9%), @entity13669 resulting from rupture of an intracavernous @entity439 in six cases (7.1%), @entity130 in one case, and transient @entity2806 due to emboli in one case. Permanent complications directly related to therapy included 15 @entity204 and nine cases of @entity64 . Clinical and radiologic follow-ups were performed 1, 3, and 12 months after treatment; duration of follow-up ranged from 3 to 68 months (mean, 35.5 months). In 65 cases (77.4%) there was evidence of complete @entity439 , and in 19 cases 922.6%) there was subtotal occlusion greater than 85%. Interventional techniques for treatment of @entity438 may be useful as a therapeutic alternative in those @entity1 not amenable to standard surgical therapy.

title: Treatment of XXXX with preservation of the parent vessel: results of percutaneous balloon embolization in 84 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity13669 :: ('MESH:D020216', 'Disease') :: ['carotid-cavernous sinus fistula']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysmal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'arterial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with the development of a systemic inflammatory response, which can lead to @entity296 . However, knowledge concerning the time course of @entity67 and restoration after correction of a @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) in pediatric @entity1 is sparse. Therefore, the authors perioperatively quantified left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) performance using echocardiography. Their study included 141 @entity1 (ages 0-18  years) undergoing @entity4297 correction and 40 control subjects. The study assessed LV systolic performance (fractional shortening) and diastolic performance (mitral Doppler flow) in combination with RV systolic performance [tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)] and diastolic performance (tricuspid Doppler flow). Additionally, systolic (S') and diastolic (E', A', E/E') tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) measurements were obtained at the LV lateral wall, the interventricular septum, and the RV free wall. Echocardiographic studies were performed preoperatively, 1  day postoperatively, and at hospital discharge after 9      5  days. Although all LV echocardiographic measurements showed a deterioration 1  day after surgery, only LV TDI measurements were impaired in @entity1 at discharge versus control subjects (S': 5.7      2.0 vs 7.1      2.7  cm/s; E': 9.8      3.9 vs 13.7      5.1  cm/s; E/E': 12.2      6.4 vs 8.8      4.3; p  <  0.05). In the RV, TAPSE and RV TDI velocities also were impaired in @entity1 at discharge versus control subjects (TAPSE: 9      3 vs 17      5  mm; S': 5.2      1.7 vs 11.4      3.4  cm/s; E': 7.3      2.5 vs 16.3      5.2  cm/s; E/E': 12.5      6.8 vs 4.8      1.9; p  <  0.05). Furthermore, longer aortic cross-clamp times were associated with more impaired postoperative LV and RV performance (p  <  0.05). In conclusion, both systolic and diastolic biventricular performances were impaired shortly after @entity4297 correction. This impairment was detected only by TDI parameters and TAPSE. Furthermore, a longer-lasting negative influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on myocardial performance was suggested.

title: Tissue Doppler imaging detects impaired biventricular performance shortly after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular performance deterioration']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defect']


abstract: AIM: @entity35 with @entity5536 -induced @entity177 (A- @entity3318 ) develop a reduced rate of relaxation of the thoracic aorta. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this abnormality. METHODS: Male @entity35 received either chow containing @entity5536 or were pair-fed with normal chow (controls). After 8-14  weeks, arterial function was analysed ex  vivo using wire myography and the expression of proteins involved in vascular smooth muscle excitation-contraction coupling in the thoracic aorta was analysed. RESULTS: The rate of relaxation following washout of @entity10406 was reduced in A- @entity3318 @entity35 vs. controls in the thoracic aorta (P  <  0.01), abdominal aorta (P  <  0.05), and common carotid artery (P  <  0.05), but not in the common femoral artery. Relaxation rates of thoracic aortas increased (P  <  0.01), but were not normalized, in response to washout of @entity10406 with @entity141 -free buffer. Microarray and qRT-PCR analyses of genes involved in excitation-contraction coupling identified 10 genes, which showed significantly altered expression in A- @entity3318 thoracic aortas. At the protein level, the a2 subunit of the @entity4024 , @entity3529 -ATPase (P  <  0.001) and @entity11474 (P  <  0.05) was significantly downregulated, whereas @entity31525 and @entity31526 and @entity31527 were significantly upregulated (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity35 with A- @entity3318 show a marked alteration in relaxation of larger conduit arteries localized proximal to the common femoral artery. This abnormality may be caused by reduced cytosolic @entity141 clearance in vascular smooth muscle cells secondary to dysregulation of proteins crucially involved in this process.

title: @entity5536 -induced XXXX in @entity35 decreases aortic relaxation rate and alters expression of proteins involved in vascular smooth muscle calcium handling.

entities_list: @entity31525 :: ('361618(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['stromal interaction molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: A total of 445 cervical @entity173 were operated and followed for 1-5 years. Internal fixation was used in 224 @entity174 , a total hip replacement was used in 98 @entity174 and hemiarthroplasty was used in 123 @entity174 . The failure rate for internal fixation was 63/224 = 28%. The most common complication following total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty was luxation. A total of 28 of these @entity1 had a total of 55 luxations. Closed reduction was sufficient in 12 @entity1 but 16 @entity1 needed futher surgery. The must common reoperation was a total hip replacement used in 56 cases out of 83 reoperations. A total of 32 (7%) @entity1 had a postoperative superficial or @entity281 following either the primary operation or an eventual reoperation. Cultures identified @entity794 as the cause in 59% and @entity526 in 9.4% of these infections. The total @entity2737 rate was 5.6% following primary operation in contrast to 8.4% following reoperation (P < 0.05). However the difference was not significant for @entity281 alone (2.0% and 2.4%).

title: Reoperations of cervical @entity173 : increase risk of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['wound infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have found differential effects of @entity5161 and @entity1875 on the @entity195 ( @entity195 )-associated markers tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-b (Ab). OBJECTIVE: We asked whether @entity5161 and @entity1875 have differential effects on the tau/Ab ratio (the primary outcome), and individual @entity195 biomarkers. We also examined whether genetic/intraoperative factors influenced perioperative changes in @entity195 biomarkers. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing neurosurgical/otolaryngology procedures requiring lumbar cerebrospinal fluid ( @entity2841 ) drain placement were prospectively randomized to receive @entity5161 (n=21) or @entity1875 (n=18) for anesthetic maintenance. We measured perioperative @entity2841 sample @entity195 markers, performed genotyping assays, and examined intraoperative data from the electronic anesthesia record. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine changes in @entity195 markers by anesthetic type over time. RESULTS: The @entity2841 tau/Ab ratio did not differ between @entity5161 - versus @entity1875 -treated @entity1 (p=1.000). @entity2841 tau/Ab ratio and tau levels increased 10 and 24h after drain placement (p=2.002*10-6 and p=1.985*10-6, respectively), mean @entity2841 -tau levels decreased (p=0.005), and Ab levels did not change (p=0.152). There was no interaction between anesthetic treatment and time for any of these biomarkers. None of the examined genetic polymorphisms, including @entity2204 , were associated with tau increase (n=9 polymorphisms, p> 0.05 for all associations). CONCLUSION: Neurosurgery/otolaryngology procedures are associated with an increase in the @entity2841 tau/Ab ratio, and this increase was not influenced by anesthetic type. The increased @entity2841 tau/Ab ratio was largely driven by increases in tau levels. Future work should determine the functional/prognostic significance of these perioperative @entity2841 tau elevations.

title: The Effect of @entity1875 Versus XXXX Anesthesia on @entity1 Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of @entity195 : Results of a Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['Isoflurane']


abstract: Importance: Paraneoplastic encephalitides usually precede a diagnosis of @entity5 and are often refractory to immunosuppressive therapy. Conversely, @entity792 are reversible conditions that can occur in the presence or absence of @entity5 . Objective: To report the induction of @entity14752 in 2 @entity1 after treatment of @entity5 with a combination of the immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and ipilimumab. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A retrospective case study was conducted of the clinical and management course of 2 @entity1 with progressive, treatment-refractory @entity5 who were treated with a single dose each (concomitantly) of the immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab, 1 mg/kg, and ipilimumab, 3 mg/kg. Exposures: Nivolumab and ipilimumab. Main Outcomes and Measures: The clinical response to immunosuppressive therapy in suspected @entity14752 in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitor use. Results: Autoantibody testing confirmed identification of anti- @entity3391 receptor antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 @entity1 . Withdrawal of immune checkpoint inhibitors and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, consisting of intravenous @entity8313 equivalent to 1000 mg of @entity1667 for 5 days, 0.4 mg/kg/d of intravenous immunoglobulin for 5 days, and 2 doses of rituximab, 1000 mg, in 1 @entity1 and oral @entity229 , 60 mg/d, in the other @entity1 , resulted in improved neurologic symptoms. Conclusions and Relevance: Immune checkpoint inhibition may favor the development of immune responses against neuronal antigens, leading to @entity14752 . Early recognition and treatment of @entity14752 in @entity1 receiving immune checkpoint blockade therapy will likely be essential for maximizing clinical recovery and minimizing the effect of drug-related toxic effects. The mechanisms by which immune checkpoint inhibition may contribute to @entity14752 require further study.

title: Association of XXXX With Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity8313 :: ('MESH:D008776', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone sodium succinate']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune encephalitides']

answer: @entity14752 :: (MESH:C535841,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune Encephalitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Spinal @entity242 pose unique treatment dilemmas because of the difficulty of achieving adequate surgical margins and/or delivering curative radiation doses (65 Gy) in close proximity to the spinal cord. This study used hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to deliver higher biologically effective doses to treat primary @entity242 and spinal @entity242 @entity3 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with spinal or paraspinal @entity242 entered an Institutional Review Board-approved registry trial to evaluate SRS efficacy. They were assessed at regular intervals for @entity158 control, disease progression, and complications for a minimum of 12 months or until @entity204 . RESULTS: The median treatment dose for the @entity66 was 30 Gy at the 80% isodose in 3 fractions, with some variation based on @entity5 size, shape, and dose to adjacent critical structures. Seven @entity1 were treated definitively; all had excellent @entity158 relief and are alive with a mean follow-up period of 33 months. Two @entity1 had complete @entity5 regression, 3 had partial regression, and 2 experienced recurrences and have been re-treated. Seven @entity1 underwent resection and adjuvant SRS. One of 3 @entity1 treated preoperatively had complete @entity5 regression, and none of the 4 @entity1 treated postoperatively had a local recurrence with a mean follow-up period of 43.5 months. All 10 @entity1 with @entity242 @entity3 to the spine (16 lesions) died, with a mean survival of 11.1 months from first spinal metastasis treatment. Complete @entity158 relief was achieved in 8 @entity1 , partial relief in 7 @entity1 , and none in 1 @entity1 . No @entity1 developed radiation @entity4685 . CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that SRS may have a role in the definitive treatment of @entity1 with primary @entity242 who are deemed unresectable and as adjuvant treatment in those undergoing surgery and for palliation of @entity242 @entity3 .

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of XXXX and @entity242 @entity3 of the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal sarcoma lesions']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'spinal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['primary sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity14 is the most common @entity5 in Singapore, @entity75 @entity3 associated with colorectal primaries are quite rare, with reported incidences ranging from less than 1% to 4%. This is a review of the incidence, presentation, and prognosis of @entity75 secondaries from colorectal primaries in our institution. METHODS: From a prospectively collected database, 4378 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity14 between 1995 and 2003. @entity1 who developed @entity75 @entity3 were identified and their records reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 who developed @entity75 @entity3 were identified, for an incidence of 0.62%. Seventy-one percent of the @entity1 had a @entity5 in the rectum or sigmoid; 92.6% of @entity1 had metachronous @entity75 secondaries. The median interval between surgery for the @entity5 and the discovery of a @entity75 secondary was 27.5 months. The lung was the most common site of concurrent @entity3 , with the discovery of a @entity75 secondary a median of 9.7 months after diagnosis of the lung lesion. All @entity1 were symptomatic. The majority of the @entity1 received nonsurgical treatment for the @entity75 . Median survival after diagnosis of @entity75 secondaries was 2.4 months. CONCLUSIONS: The poor survival of the @entity1 in our series could be due to late diagnosis. It may be recommended that a @entity75 scan be performed to screen for a @entity75 secondary when lung and/or liver @entity3 are discovered, especially in a @entity1 with a left-sided @entity5 . This may lead to earlier diagnosis, amenability to surgical treatment, and improved survival and quality of life.

title: Brain @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain', 'brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: @entity10792 is a rare inherited @entity2131 diagnosed in early infancy that is characterized by a (a) @entity17443 with no other significant @entity1503 , (b) reticulocytopenia, and (c) normal bone marrow cellularity with a paucity of erythroid precursors. @entity154 are often present. Mutations in several ribosomal proteins have been associated with the disease. Here we present a detailed description of 39 @entity1 from 34 families enrolled in the Czech National @entity10792 Registry. Erythrocyte @entity859 deaminase activity and serum @entity1307 levels were measured and bone marrow analysis and clonogenic assays were carried out. Twenty-two different ribosomal proteins were sequenced. We identified mutations in five different ribosomal proteins in 28/39 @entity1 (71.8%) from 23/34 families (67.6%). Several new mutations are described. The most interesting data relate to genotype-phenotype correlations. All @entity1 with @entity14330 or @entity32579 mutations have a thumb defect usually with one or more other anomalies. Most of these @entity1 were born small for gestational age and currently have @entity851 . We also described five @entity1 with a @entity31027 mutation. All of the latter are transfusion-dependent and they exhibit @entity853 rather than thumb or @entity2122 . @entity1 with @entity32580 seem to bear mildest associated anomalies, usually in a craniofacial region.

title: The Czech National XXXX Registry: clinical data and ribosomal protein mutations update.

entities_list: @entity17443 :: ('MESH:D000748', 'Disease') :: ['macrocytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Physical anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32579 :: ('6135', 'Gene') :: ['ribosomal protein L11']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity31027 :: ('6231', 'Gene') :: ['ribosomal protein S26']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial deformities']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity10792 :: ('MESH:D029503', 'Disease') :: ['Diamond-Blackfan anemia', 'Diamond-Blackfan Anemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity14330 :: ('6125', 'Gene') :: ['ribosomal protein L5']

entities_list: @entity32580 :: ('6223', 'Gene') :: ['ribosomal protein S19']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure syndrome']

answer: @entity10792 :: (MESH:D029503,Disease) :: ['Diamond-Blackfan Anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of low-pressure @entity1276 (LPH) may require prolonged external ventricular drainage (EVD) at sub-zero pressures to reverse @entity1276 . Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been used in the treatment of noncommunicating @entity1276 ; however, indications for ETV are expanding. METHODS: @entity1 with the diagnosis of LPH as defined by the @entity29906 and Altschuler criteria who underwent sub-zero drainage treatment over an 8-year period were included. @entity1 were divided into two cohorts based on whether or not ETV was employed during their treatment. Time from EVD placement to internalization of shunt was recorded for both groups; time from ETV to placement of shunt was recorded for the @entity1 undergoing ETV. RESULTS: Sixteen adult @entity1 with LPH were managed with sub-zero drainage method. Ten (62.5%) @entity1 did not undergo ETV and the average time from first ventriculostomy to shunting was 73 days (range 14-257 days). Six (37.5%) @entity1 underwent ETV during the course of their treatment; average time from initial ventriculostomy to shunt was 114 days (range 0-236 days) (P = 0.16). Time from development of LPH to ETV ranged from 28 days to 6.5 months. In the ETV group, of the 4 @entity1 who underwent shunting, the average time to shunting following ETV was 15.25 days. CONCLUSIONS: ETV can be used successfully in the management of refractory LPH to decrease the duration of EVD.

title: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of low-pressure XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: A 1.5-yr study was designed to determine the effects of feeding isonitrogenous and isoenergetic concentrates based on naked oats, @entity4336 , or a mixture (50: 50 on as-fed basis) of naked oats and @entity4336 on milk yield and composition. In vitro @entity62 ( @entity62 ) digestibility and ruminal degradabilities of @entity62 , N, and starch of naked oats were compared with those of covered oats. Twenty-seven multiparous Holstein @entity291 were blocked by similar calving date and assigned to 9 replicates. All @entity291 were fed a mixture of grass silage, protein supplement, concentrate, and a vitamin and mineral mix for ad libitum intake. Treatment diets were fed from 3 to 36 wk of lactation. Milk yield and composition, yield of 4% fat-corrected milk, and yield of protein and fat were similar among treatments. Ruminal effective degradabilities of @entity62 were higher for naked oats than for covered oats, but the ruminal degradabilities of crude protein and starch were similar. The rapidly degradable fractions of @entity62 , crude protein, and starch were greater for naked than covered oats; the potentially degradable fractions were less. In vitro @entity62 digestibility of naked oats was higher than was that of covered oats. Naked oats may be a good alternative to @entity4336 for milk yield.

title: Milk yield and composition of dairy XXXX fed concentrate based on naked oats.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity21683 is a rare, sporadic @entity2526 characterized by a tetrasomy 12p often in mosaic. It is only in 2000 that the first case of PKS was diagnosed in the first trimester further to an increased nuchal translucency. AIM: Report a new case. CASE REPORT: To our knowledge, we present the first case of early prenatal diagnosis of @entity21683 due to the presence of an increased nuchal translucency, a @entity2914 , a typical @entity154 and a @entity5853 of a predominantly rhizomelic type . A chorionic cells biopsy showed a normal karyotype. The diagnosis was revealed on cytogenetic analysis of amniotic fluid sampling. CONCLUSION: The main ultrasound indicators of PKS seem to be: Hydramnios, @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) and a @entity5853 of a rhizomelic type. The @entity4296 , hygroma coli or increased nuchal translucency (INT), fetal overgrowth, @entity1276 and presence of a sacral appendix are less common. The amniocentesis with the study of the karyotype on amniotic cells is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of PKS. A good morphological study during the first trimester in search of ultrasound abnormalities highly suggestive of PKS is able to direct the cytogenetic study.

title: First trimester diagnosis of XXXX in a fetus with suggestive abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal disorder']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia', 'congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity21683 :: ('MESH:C538105', 'Disease') :: ['Pallister-Killian Syndrome', 'Pallister Killian Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5853 :: ('MESH:C565382', 'Disease') :: ['micromelia']

answer: @entity21683 :: (MESH:C538105,Disease) :: ['Pallister-Killian syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Changes in position or size of target volumes have been observed during radiotherapy for @entity2 . The need for adaptive treatment planning during stereotactic radiotherapy of @entity5 was retrospectively analyzed using repeat four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scans. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A planning study was performed for 60 @entity5 in 59 @entity1 using 4DCT scans repeated after two or more treatment fractions. Planning target volumes ( @entity343 ) encompassed all @entity5 mobility, and dose distributions from the initial plan were projected onto PTVs derived from the repeat 4DCT. A dosimetric and volumetric analysis was performed. RESULTS: The repeat 4DCT scans were performed at a mean of 6.6 days (range, 2-12 days) after the first fraction of stereotactic radiotherapy. In 25% of cases the repeat @entity343 was larger, but the difference exceeded 1 mL in 5 @entity1 only. The mean 3D displacement between the center of mass of both PTVs was 2.0 mm. The initial 80% prescription isodose ensured a mean coverage of 98% of repeat PTVs, and this isodose fully encompassed the repeat internal target volumes in all but 1 @entity5 . "Inadequate" coverage in the latter was caused by a new area of atelectasis adjacent to the @entity5 on the repeat 4DCT. CONCLUSIONS: Limited "time trends" were observed in PTVs generated by repeated uncoached 4DCT scans, and the dosimetric consequences proved to be minimal. Treatment based only on the initial @entity343 would not have resulted in major @entity5 underdosage, indicating that adaptive treatment planning is of limited value for fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy.

title: Is adaptive treatment planning required for stereotactic radiotherapy of stage I non-small-cell XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage I tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is little known on the involvement of vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ) in the metastatic cascade of @entity1 @entity263 , that is, cell proliferation, cell-cell @entity1104 , extracellular-matrix degradation, and migration/invasion. Here we evaluated the expression of related biomarker proteins ( @entity4910 , metalloproteinases @entity1476 and @entity1495 , and @entity5962 ) in @entity1 @entity342 -dependent (LNCaP) and independent ( @entity11620 ) @entity263 cells. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gelatin zymography, Western blotting, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, and assays on cell proliferation, @entity1104 , wound-healing, migration and random homing were performed. RESULTS: @entity3549 increased cell proliferation and @entity4910 expression whereas it decreased cell @entity1104 and @entity5962 expression in LNCaP and @entity11620 cells. @entity3549 enhanced the gelatinolytic activity of @entity1476 and @entity1495 . Semiquantitative RT-PCR assays showed that @entity3549 stimulated mRNA levels of these MMPs and suppressed mRNA levels of its inhibitory protein @entity1801 . @entity3549 promoted cell invasion and migration, and the responses were faster according to the most aggressive status in @entity5 progression ( @entity342 -independence). The involvement of @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) was demonstrated since the anti-inflammatory agent @entity6108 blocked @entity3549 effects on the above biomarkers in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results and the presence of kappaB sites on gene promoter of @entity4910 , MMPs and, possibly, @entity5962 suggest that @entity3549 may act as a cytokine in an early metastatic stage of @entity1 @entity263 through the @entity2451 /MMPs- @entity1801 / @entity5962 system. Our findings may help to define novel targets and agents with potential usefulness in @entity263 therapy.

title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide behaves as a pro-metastatic factor in XXXX @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of 68Gallium-prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga- @entity27425 ) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) staging in intermediate- and high-risk @entity263 ( @entity263 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April to October 2015, 30 @entity1 with intermediate- (n = 3) or high-risk (n = 27) @entity263 were prospectively enrolled. @entity1 underwent preoperative 68Ga- @entity27425 PET/CT. Both visual and semi-quantitative analyses were undertaken. Subsequently, all @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with an extended pelvic @entity1600 dissection. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) for @entity1600 status of 68Ga- @entity27425 were calculated using histopathology as reference. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (37%) had @entity1600 metastases (LNMs); 26 LNMs were identified in the 11 @entity1 . @entity1 analysis showed that 68Ga- @entity27425 PET/CT had a sensitivity of 64% for the detection of LNMs, its specificity was 95%, the @entity2286 was 88%, and the NPV was 82%. In total, 180 @entity1600 fields were analysed. In the @entity1600 -region-based analysis, the sensitivity of 68Ga- @entity27425 PET/CT for detection of LNMs was 56%, the specificity was 98%, the @entity2286 was 90% and the NPV was 94%. The mean size of missed LNMs was 2.7 mm. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed a high accuracy of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax ) for the detection of LNMs, with an area under the curve of 0.915 (95% confidence interval 0.847-0.983); the optimum SUVmax was 2.0. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with intermediate- to high-risk @entity263 , 68Ga- @entity27425 PET/CT had a high specificity and a moderate sensitivity for LNM detection. 68Ga- @entity27425 PET/CT had the potential to replace current imaging for @entity1600 staging of @entity1 with @entity263 scheduled for RP.

title: Prospective evaluation of 68Gallium-prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography for preoperative @entity1600 staging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The detection rate of early @entity356 (EGC) is increasing due to improvements in diagnostic methods, but synchronous multiple EGC (SMEGC) remains a major problem. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of and the correlation between the main and minor lesions of SMEGC. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of @entity1 with EGC between April 2008 and May 2013. The main lesion was defined as the one with the greatest invasion depth. If lesions had the same invasion depth, the @entity5 diameter was used to define the main lesion. Of 963 @entity1 who had treatment for EGC, 37 @entity1 with SMEGC were analyzed. The main and minor lesions showed a significant positive correlation of size (r = 0.533, P = 0.001). The main and minor lesions of SMEGC showed the same vertical and horizontal locations at 70.3% and 64.9%, respectively (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002). Macroscopic types were identical in 67.6% (P < 0.001), and 32.4% had identical macroscopic type and location. The main and minor lesions had identical characteristics of invasion depth, presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and differentiation in 78.4%, 83.8%, and 83.8%, respectively. Differentiation, LVI, and invasion depth (microscopic characteristics) were simultaneously the same in 62.2%. The location, macroscopic type, and 3 microscopic characteristics were matched in 27%. The main and minor lesions of SMEGC have similar clinicopathologic characteristics. Therefore, the possibility of SMEGC should not be neglected in cases of EGC, considering an understanding of the characteristics and association of lesions.

title: Clinicopathologic Similarities of the Main and Minor Lesions of Synchronous Multiple Early Gastric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ @entity1289 ) @entity6 algorithm recommends a stratified approach to initial therapy to achieve a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) goal of  <=6.5% in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) who have inadequate glycemic control. Data from a double-blind study in drug-na  ve @entity6 @entity1 comparing initial monotherapy with @entity2449 (MET) with initial dual therapy with a fixed-dose combination of @entity12350 and MET (SITA/MET FDC) was used to determine AACE/ @entity1289 HbA1c goal attainment in these treatment groups. METHODS: A total of 1,250 @entity1 (mean baseline HbA1c = 9.9%) were randomized 1:1 to SITA/MET FDC 50/500 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) or MET 500 mg b.i.d. for 18 weeks. SITA/MET FDC and MET were uptitrated over 4 weeks to 50/1,000 mg b.i.d. and 1,000 mg b.i.d., respectively. RESULTS: At week 18, a higher percentage of @entity1 receiving SITA/MET FDC had HbA1c levels  <=6.5% and <7% than those receiving MET alone within each of the 3 AACE/ @entity1289 HbA1c categories (6.5-7.5%, >7.5-9.0%, and >9.0%). Of @entity1 with a baseline HbA1c >7.5-9.0% who initiated SITA/MET FDC, 48.6% achieved an HbA1c  <=6.5% at week 18 compared with 23.1% of @entity1 who initiated MET monotherapy (P<.001). In @entity1 with a baseline HbA1c >9.0%, 24.0% on SITA/MET FDC achieved an HbA1c  <=6.5% compared with 12.8% on MET alone (P<.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity6 @entity1 with a baseline HbA1c >7.5-9.0%, substantially more achieved the HbA1c goal of  <=6.5% with initial dual therapy (SITA/MET FDC) than with initial monotherapy (MET), which is in agreement with the AACE/ @entity1289 @entity6 algorithm.

title: Assessment of AACE/ @entity1289 recommendations for initial dual antihyperglycemic therapy using the fixed-dose combination of @entity12350 and XXXX versus @entity2449 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['sitagliptin']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: Production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) is linked to signalling in both developmental and stress responses. The level of ROS is controlled by both production and removal through various scavengers including @entity620 and @entity2041 . Here, the role of low @entity620 or @entity2041 concentrations was investigated on @entity1787 -induced cell death, defence signalling, and developmental responses. Low @entity620 concentrations in @entity27965 activated expression of @entity3785 (SA)-regulated genes, a response found to be dependent on the redox-regulated transcriptional co-regulator @entity14349 . In contrast, low @entity2041 concentrations in @entity27966 or @entity27967 reduced expression of SA-regulated genes. Testing different responses to @entity7214 (JA) revealed the presence of at least two separate JA signalling pathways. Treatment of the @entity27965 mutant with JA led to hyper-induction of MONODEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE3, indicating that low @entity620 concentrations prime the response to JA. Furthermore, @entity14349 was found to be a positive regulator of JA-induced expression of MDHAR3 and @entity27968 . The @entity27965 and @entity14349 mutants were sensitive to @entity413 inhibition of seed germination; an opposite response was found in @entity27966 and @entity27967 . Overall, low @entity620 concentrations mostly led to opposite phenotypes to low @entity2041 concentrations, and both antioxidants interacted with SA and JA signalling pathways.

title: Low antioxidant concentrations impact on multiple signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana partly through XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity14349 :: (842733(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['NPR1']


abstract: @entity1002 is an important predictor of prognosis and mortality of @entity712 . Increased left ventricular stiffness can be associated with @entity296 and increased cross-linked collagen by the enzyme @entity12553 oxidase ( @entity5559 ). These cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling processes are affected by T-lymphocyte function and phenotype. We sought to examine the role of T lymphocytes in myocardial @entity5559 regulation in diet-induced fibrotic hearts. Female @entity915 @entity19 , devoid of functional T lymphocytes, and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 were treated with a high-fat high-simple @entity1735 (HFHSC) diet for 12 months. HFHSC-fed WT @entity19 demonstrated a significant increase in the catalytic activity of myocardial @entity5559 compared with respective controls. These changes coincided with a marked increase in ECM collagen cross-linking and impaired diastolic filling pattern. However, induction of @entity5559 was minimal in the @entity915 @entity19 compared with the WT group. Correspondingly fibrillar cross-linked collagen concentrations and @entity67 were less prominent in the @entity915 @entity19 compared with the WT group. Our results suggest a role for T lymphocytes in this dietary induction of @entity67 through modulation of @entity5559 -dependent collagen maturation.

title: T lymphocyte regulation of XXXX oxidase in diet-induced cardiac fibrosis.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['excessive myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity12553 :: (CHEBI:32568,Chemical) :: ['lysyl']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6126 is a common endocrine condition characterized by low levels of @entity251 (T) and marked by numerous symptoms, one of which is @entity458 . Studies comparing T delivery systems have suggested that hypogonadal @entity1 's partners may be at risk from exposure to T gels. Little other mention is found of the impact of @entity6126 and its treatment on a @entity1 's partner and the couple's sexual function. AIM: To assess @entity458 and sexual function in hypogonadal @entity1 and their @entity1 partners before and after treatment with T replacement therapy. METHODS: Twenty-one hypogonadal @entity1 and 18 partners were recruited from a tertiary endocrine clinic, and were compared with a control group of 20 eugonadal age-matched @entity1 and their partners. All @entity1 had baseline blood tests to confirm their status as hypogonadal or eugonadal, and hypogonadal @entity1 repeated tests at 3-month intervals. All @entity1 completed the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI) and sexual function questionnaires at baseline and at 3-month intervals until the hypogonadal @entity1 attained normal T levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre- and post-treatment SDI and sexual function questionnaires were compared once T normalization was achieved. Between- and within-group comparisons were carried out. RESULTS: Pretreatment hypogonadal @entity1 recorded lower levels of @entity458 and function than controls, but significantly improved once @entity6126 was corrected. Eugonadal controls recorded no significant changes in either @entity458 or function during the study. Partners of the hypogonadal @entity1 reported no changes on the SDI, but significant improvements in sexual function as their partners recovered. CONCLUSION: SDI and sexual function measures reflect sexual changes that accompany rising serum T levels during correction of @entity14136 . @entity1 partners reported more satisfaction, less @entity158 , and improved sexual function following the @entity1 's treatment. Treatments affecting one partner potentially have important effects on the other.

title: The effects of treating @entity14136 on couples' XXXX and function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'woman', 'Women', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual desire', 'low sexual desire']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'Hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity14136 :: ('MESH:D005058', 'Disease') :: ['male hypogonadism']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual desire']


abstract: Immunoglobulin- or multiple @entity1582 -associated @entity2783 has been distinguished by the tissue deposition of Congophilic, fibrillar protein consisting of light chains or light-chain fragments ( @entity1582 ). We now report the isolation and characterization of another form of immunoglobulin-associated amyloid obtained from a @entity1 who had extensive @entity1582 and in whom the @entity527 consisted not of light chains but rather of an unusual form of heavy chain. This component, isolated from @entity4558 , represented an internally deleted IgG1 heavy chain as evidenced by immunochemical, electrophoretic, and @entity535 sequence analyses. A comparable immunoglobulin-related monoclonal protein, consisting only of IgG heavy chains, was present in the @entity1 's urine. Based on serologic reactivity with a battery of anti-immunoglobulin antisera, these two immunoglobulin-related components were antigenically identical; however, when compared to normal IgG, both were deficient in Fc-associated gamma-chain determinants. The structural abnormality of the amyloid gamma-chain protein was further evidenced by @entity214 /PAGE and immuno-blotting analyses: An unusually low molecular mass of approximately 22 kDa was found for this material vs. the expected value of approximately 55 kDa for a normal gamma heavy chain. Despite the lack of certain Fc determinants, the amyloid and urinary heavy-chain proteins expressed the IgG1 subclass allotype marker G1m(a) located on the third constant region (CH3) domain of the internally deleted IgG1 heavy chains. That the amyloid protein contained an intact CH3 domain was established through @entity535 sequence analyses of cyanogen @entity4001 fragments and peptides generated by a @entity376 -specific protease. These studies also revealed that the gamma-chain amyloid protein contained the complete heavy-chain variable (VH) domain [including the diversity (DH) and joining (JH) segments] that was contiguous with the CH3 domain. The low molecular mass of the protein resulted from the total absence of the first ( @entity11729 ), hinge, and second ( @entity845 ) heavy-chain constant regions. Such extensive CH deletions and the presence of a complete VH distinguish this amyloid-associated heavy chain from all other heretofore characterized gamma-heavy-chain disease proteins. This heavy-chain-related form of immunoglobulin-associated @entity2783 is tentatively designated @entity2783 .

title: Immunoglobulin heavy-chain-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['bromide']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis', 'AH amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic amyloid extracts']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis', 'systemic amyloidosis', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: @entity1911 is a @entity2922 -secreting @entity5 which provokes various symptoms such as @entity10 , @entity9201 and @entity591 . Meanwhile @entity1 with hemodialysis have similar symptoms. Additionally @entity1 with @entity177 often can not take the 24-hour urine collection test. Therefore it is said to be difficult to diagnose @entity1911 in @entity1 with @entity454 . We present herein a case of a @entity1 with hemodialysis discovered to have a @entity1911 . A 48-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to paroxysmal @entity101 during hemodialysis. Plasma @entity935 and @entity1063 were slightly elevated. Computerized tomography revealed a 2 cm round mass at left adrenal gland. 131I-MIBG scintiscan detected that @entity5 at the same lesion. Under the diagnosis of @entity1911 , she had taken alpha-adrenergic blocking agent for 4 weeks and left adrenalectomy was successfully performed.

title: [ @entity1911 with XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['episodic headache']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: We report a case in a 36-year-old @entity1 of corrected transposion of the great arteries (CTGA) without any associated defects. We also review clinical characteristics and later complications of adult CTGA cases reported in Japan. The @entity1 was referred to our hospital for further examination of the abnormal ECG found during regular medical check-up. His ECG showed @entity2270 , @entity713 , abnormal Q waves in the left precordial leads, and disappearance of septal q waves in the left precordial leads. His exercise capacity was found to be more than 12 METS by treadmill exercise testing. His roentgenogram revealed an egg-shaped ventricle with normal @entity8982 (45%). The following findings were obtained by two-dimensional echocardiogram and heart catheterization: 1) the functional left ventricle had the characteristics of the anatomical right ventricle, 2) The positions of the left and right atrioventricular valves were reversed, 3) Other @entity299 such as @entity1757 , @entity849 , @entity997 ( @entity997 ) were not proved. Therefore, he was diagnosed as having CTGA without any @entity299 (SLL type). At present, with ages more than 15 years, 36 cases of CTGA without @entity299 have been reported in Japan including this case. But most cases had significant @entity997 . This case was the 7th reported case without the accompaniment of @entity997 . Among 36 cases, @entity997 was found in 71%, complete @entity713 in 20%, and @entity712 was noted in 45%. Prognosis of CTGA without any defects is dependent on the appearance of @entity997 , advanced @entity713 , and @entity712 . As these later fatal complications are observed very often, it is important to detect the @entity1 of CTGA accurately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case report of corrected transposition of the great arteries without any associated defects in a 36-year-old XXXX and the review of adult cases reported in Japan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'first degree AV block']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects', 'cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['left axis deviation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5961 ( @entity5961 ) has been shown to mediate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to promote @entity5 invasion and even @entity3 . However, the involvement of EMT in @entity0 progression is highly debated, partially due to clinical observations showing that the majority of @entity1 @entity0 metastases express @entity5962 and maintain their epithelial morphology. The molecular mechanism by which @entity5961 participates in EMT of @entity0 in vivo remains poorly understood. METHODS: We examined @entity5961 expression pattern in @entity1 @entity0 by western blot and tissue microarray, and analyzed @entity5961 cellular localization by confocal microscopy, cell fractionation and other approaches. RESULTS: @entity5961 expression was significantly increased in @entity0 . Cytoplasmic @entity5961 positive @entity5 cells expressing @entity5962 on the cellular membrane were mainly located at @entity5 center of primary @entity189 and lymph metastases, while @entity5 cells with nuclear @entity5961 clearly showed loss of @entity5962 and were detected at the invasive @entity0 . In addition, ectopically stable-expressed @entity5961 was found to localize in the cytoplasm of @entity5 cells. Collectively, these data indicate that upregulation of cytoplasmic @entity5961 is correlated with @entity5 histological type and @entity5 @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The differential cellular distribution of @entity5961 may be associated with @entity5 progression. The cytoplasmic @entity5961 in @entity5 cells at @entity5 center of primary @entity189 and lymph metastases contributes to the maintenance of epithelial @entity5 characteristics expressing @entity5962 in a noninvasive state, while the nuclear @entity5961 at the @entity5 invasion front activates EMT to deprive epithelial property of neoplastic cells, thus facilitating invasion and @entity3 . These findings suggest that heterogeneous expression of @entity5961 in @entity5 may have a functional link to @entity5 progression.

title: Significance of heterogeneous @entity5961 expression in XXXX @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'front in ductal breast carcinomas', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the neuroprotective effects of @entity258 ( @entity258 ) ultrasound on @entity2414 in a @entity35 model of @entity1294 . Materials and Methods All animal experiments were approved by the animal care and use committee and adhered to experimental animal care guidelines. A 1.0-MHz focused ultrasound transducer was used to stimulate the brain noninvasively with 50-msec bursts at a 5% duty cycle, repetition frequency of 1 Hz, and spatial peak temporal average intensity of 528 mW/cm(2). @entity258 ultrasound treatment was performed daily with triple sonications in each hemisphere. The duration of each sonicaton was 5 minutes, with a 5-minute interval between each sonication. Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) was used as a model of @entity1294 . After 2 weeks of @entity258 ultrasound, neuroprotective effects of @entity258 ultrasound were evaluated with behavioral analysis, including the passive avoidance task and elevated plus maze. Myelin content was detected with @entity505 11 @entity4359 Pittsburgh compound B (PIB). Brain sections were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and Luxol fast blue. Two-way analysis of variance and Student t test were used for statistical analyses, with a significance level of .05. Results Protein expressions of @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) in the BCCAO @entity35 treated with @entity258 ultrasound were significantly higher than those in BCCAO @entity35 (1.1    0.0 vs 0.8    0.1, P < .05). BCCAO @entity35 exhibited @entity528 and @entity17 . Compared with the BCCAO group, @entity4359 PIB accumulation in the BCCAO @entity35 treated with @entity258 ultrasound was significantly (P < .05) increased by 67.4% and 203.0% in the hippocampus and corpus callosum, respectively. Hematoxylin- @entity1711 staining showed that @entity528 in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 region was alleviated with @entity258 ultrasound. Luxol fast blue staining of the corpus callosum was significantly greater in the BCCAO @entity35 treated with @entity258 ultrasound than in the untreated BCCAO @entity35 (mean, 94.5%    2.3 [standard error] vs 86.6%    1.0; P < .05). Moreover, @entity258 ultrasound stimulation significantly improved learning and memory abilities and morphology in @entity35 with @entity1294 compared with @entity35 with untreated @entity1294 (P < .05). Conclusion These results suggest @entity258 ultrasound stimulation protects against @entity1545 in the hippocampus and corpus callosum in @entity35 with @entity1294 . The beneficial effect of @entity258 ultrasound may be partly induced by upregulation of protein expression of @entity2136 . (  ) RSNA, 2016.

title: Protective Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on @entity2414 and Brain Damage in a @entity35 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment and central nervous system injury']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-intensity pulsed', 'LIP']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal injury']

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['Vascular Dementia']


abstract: [Purpose] This study aimed to compare the efficacy of radiofrequency diathermy with that of microwave diathermy in combination with intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid into the knee of @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ). [Subjects] A total of 17 @entity1 with knee @entity571 were enrolled. The @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups: a radiofrequency diathermy group (RF group, 9 subjects), and a microwave diathermy group (MW group, 8 subjects). [Methods] Subjects received radiofrequency or microwave thermal therapy 3 times at 1-week intervals. Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid was administered 10   min before every thermal therapy session. The outcome was evaluated using the Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) at baseline, at weeks 1 (1 week after the first thermal therapy) and 3 (1 week after the last thermal therapy). [Results] The JOA scale increased significantly after three sessions of thermal therapy in the RF group, while no significant increase was observed in the MW group. @entity894 decreased significantly after 3 weeks in the RF group. In the MW group, there was no significant difference in @entity894 between the two time points. [Conclusion] This study revealed that symptom relief in @entity1 with knee @entity571 was greater with radiofrequency diathermy than with microwave diathermy with concurrent use of hyaluronic acid injection, presumably due to the different heating characteristics of the two methods.

title: A pilot study comparing the efficacy of radiofrequency and microwave diathermy in combination with intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in knee XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'Lequesne Index']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']