abstract: PURPOSE: Conventional therapy--ie, treatment with @entity288 and cranial radiotherapy (RT)--is inadequate to treat @entity791 -related @entity149 ( @entity149 ), as it achieves a median survival of only 2 to 5 months. Chemotherapy added to RT in non- @entity791 @entity149 improves disease control and prolongs survival. We studied the efficacy of this approach with RT in @entity149 . METHODS: Ten @entity791 @entity1 with @entity149 were treated with chemotherapy--nine at diagnosis and one at recurrence. None had evidence of @entity706 . All @entity1 treated at diagnosis received pre-RT @entity1499 --eight also received thiotepa and @entity4174 --followed by whole-brain RT. The @entity1 treated at recurrence (who had been previously irradiated) received chemotherapy alone, including @entity1499 , thiotepa, and @entity4174 . RESULTS: All had enhancing lesions on MRI and five (50%) had a single lesion (seven [70%] had a ring-enhancing mass). No @entity1 had a response to corticosteroids. Four of seven (57%) assessable @entity1 had a partial or complete response to chemotherapy prior to RT. Six of seven (86%) assessable @entity1 had a complete response at the end of treatment. Median survival was 3.5 months for all 10 @entity1 and 7 months for the eight @entity1 who completed therapy. Two @entity1 survived for 1 year or longer. Eight @entity1 died--six from infection (two treatment-related), one from progressive @entity303 , and one from a @entity360 . CONCLUSION: @entity149 responds to chemotherapy and RT, but only a few @entity1 benefit with prolonged survival.

title: Combined-modality therapy in the treatment of @entity149 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'AIDS-related PCNSL', 'primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Breeders of greyhound @entity235 traditionally feed racing animals and nursing bitches raw meat, and that meat generally is obtained frozen from commercial renderers. Previous studies have shown that the rendered meat is frequently contaminated with enteric bacteria, including @entity5746 spp., and that during thawing the rendered meat is exposed to filth flies common in @entity235 kennels. Nursing greyhound pups tend to experience a high morbidity and mortality from @entity281 , and we attempted to determine in this study whether enterics could be spread to pups through contaminated flies. At intervals during 1995 and 1996, flies were trapped or were net-collected from 10 @entity235 breeding kennels in the region around @entity55904 , KS. Trapped flies were identified and counted to determine population numbers, and netted flies were cultured in @entity17464 broth and streaked to medium selecting for @entity5746 sp. and other @entity1132 -negative Gram (-) bacteria. The relative numbers of different @entity238 species varied with the sampling method, but traps and sweep nets produced similar proportions of the different @entity238 species. Blow flies were twice as likely to be contaminated with enteric bacteria as any other @entity238 . The most common enteric bacteria found were @entity795 spp., followed by Providencia spp., Pseudomonas spp., and @entity5746 spp. The incidence of @entity5746 and @entity795 spp. seemed to correlate more with accessibility of flies to @entity235 excrement than to rendered meat. The apparent high incidence of enteric contamination of filth flies clearly implicates them as vectors of @entity66 in kennels.

title: Flies and their bacterial loads in greyhound XXXX kennels in Kansas.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['enteric diseases']

entities_list: @entity17464 :: ('CHEBI:16094', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrathionate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study charted incidence trends of @entity55 , @entity582 and @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in a haematology department. METHODS: Prospective surveillance of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) was undertaken in a 42-bed haematology department of a university hospital. All @entity1 hospitalized >= 48 hours between 1(st) January 2004 and 31(st) December 2010 were included. Definitions of @entity580 were based on a standardized protocol. The incidence was the number of events per 1000 @entity1 -days at risk; only the first @entity580 was counted. Multivariate Poisson regression was fitted to assess temporal trends. RESULTS: Among 3 355 @entity1 (58 063 @entity1 -days at risk) included, 1 055 (31%) had @entity580 . The incidence of @entity55 , @entity580 and @entity293 was respectively 3.3, 12.0 and 2.9 per 1000 @entity1 -days at risk. @entity580 incidence increased by 11% (95% confidence interval: +6%, +15%, P<0.001) per year, independently of @entity1398 , central venous catheterization (CVC) and @entity66 . The incidences of @entity55 and @entity293 were stable. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Aspergillus spp. (59.2%) for @entity55 , coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (44.2%) for @entity582 and enterobacteria (60%) for @entity293 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity582 increased, indicating that factors other than CVC exposure, including chemotherapy with its impact on the immune system, could explain this trend. Further analytic studies are needed to explore the factors that could explain this trend.

title: Incidence of @entity55 , XXXX and @entity293 in @entity1 with haematological malignancies, 2004-2010: a surveillance-based study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired (HA) pneumonia', 'HA pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired infections', 'HA bacteraemia', 'HAI']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'HA UTI', 'UTI']

answer: @entity582 :: (MESH:C531821,Disease) :: ['bacteraemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Individually manufactured microTargeting    platforms (MT) provide a novel generation of stereotactic systems based on preoperatively implanted bone markers and screws. The feasibility and reliability of these frames were evaluated for bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Surgical and clinical results were compared to conventional Zamorano Dujovny frames (ZD) in this prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity191 @entity1 undergoing surgery for DBS were divided into 2 groups. In group I, electrode implantation was accomplished using conventional ZD. Group II underwent electrode implantation using MT. Microrecording and macrostimulation were performed and surgery time was measured. The clinical outcome was determined using the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III) and L-dopa-equivalent doses for a 12-month follow-up postoperatively. RESULTS: Clinical evaluation confirmed comparable outcomes for both targeting procedures and electrode positioning. Surgical time was lower in group II than in group I. Significant improvements were determined for both groups in UPDRS III and L-dopa-equivalent dose. CONCLUSIONS: Both systems allow for reliable and safe neurosurgical procedures, yielding comparable clinical results. MT improved handling and automatic adjustment of frame coordinates. Surgery time was reduced markedly compared to conventional frames.

title: Implementing conventional Zamorano Dujovny frames versus individually manufactured microTargeting platforms--a comparative study on deep brain stimulation in Parkinson XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'IPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Iatrogenic stenoses of the ureteropelvic junction are now essentially treated by endoscopic techniques. However, conventional surgery is sometimes required to treat severe or extensive @entity850 . The authors report the use of ureterocalicostomy to treat 5 @entity1 with complex lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2001 and 2003, the authors treated five @entity1 with iatrogenic @entity850 of the ureteropelvic junction. Two of these @entity1 had a history of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and the other three had undergone conventional pyelotomy, complicated by pyelocaliceal @entity155 in one case. The diagnosis was confirmed by double anterograde and retrograde opacification in four @entity1 and intravenous urography in one @entity1 . It was decided to perform ureterocalicostomy due to the extent of the lesions. Inferior ureterocalicostomy was performed after lower pole nephrectomy in all cases. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 21 months (range: 20 to 27 months). Three @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course and satisfactory radiological follow-up. One @entity1 rapidly developed @entity850 that was treated successfully by endoscopy and another @entity1 obtained a poor result requiring nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Ureterocalicostomy requires laborious surgical dissection and meticulous ureterocaliceal anastomosis, but it is a useful technique in some cases of severe and extensive iatrogenic @entity850 of the ureteropelvic junction.

title: [Ureterocalicostomy: last resort in the treatment of certain forms of XXXX . Report of 5 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction stenosis']


abstract: Hip geometry and bone mineral density (BMD) have previously been shown to relate independently to @entity173 risk. Our objective was to determine by how much hip geometric data improved the identification of @entity173 . Lunar pencil beam scans of the proximal femur were obtained. Geometric and densitometric values from 800 female controls aged 60 years or more (from population samples which were @entity1 in the European Prospective @entity170 Study, EPOS) were compared with data from 68 female @entity173 @entity1 aged over 60 years who were scanned within 4 weeks of a contralateral @entity173 . We used Lunar DPX 'beta' versions of hip strength analysis (HSA) and @entity572 ( @entity572 ) applied to DPX(L) data. Compressive stress (Cstress), calculated by the HSA software to occur as a result of a typical fall on the greater trochanter, @entity572 , body mass index (BMI: weight/(height)2) and age were considered alongside femoral neck BMD (FN-BMD, g/cm2) as potential predictors of @entity174 . Logistic regression was used to generate predictors of @entity174 initially from FN-BMD. Next age, Cstress (as the most discriminating HSA-derived parameter), @entity572 and BMI were added to the model as potentially independent predictors. It was not necessary to include both @entity572 and Cstress in the logistic models, so the entire data set was examined without excluding the subjects missing @entity572 measurements. Cstress combined with age and BMI provided significantly better prediction of @entity174 than FN-BMD used alone as is current practice, judged by comparing areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (p<0.001, deLong's test). At a specificity of 80%, sensitivity in identification was improved from 66% to 81%. Identifying @entity1 at high risk of @entity173 is thus likely to be substantially enhanced by combining bone density with age, simple anthropometry and data on the structural geometry of the hip. HSA might prove to be a valuable enhancement of DXA densitometry in clinical practice and its use could justify a more proactive approach to identifying @entity1 at high risk of @entity173 in the community.

title: Improving risk assessment: hip geometry, bone mineral distribution and bone strength in @entity173 cases and controls. The EPOS study. European Prospective XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['HAL', 'hip axis length']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: The @entity19 mi locus encodes a basic-helix-loop-helix- @entity368 zipper-type transcription factor, @entity4353 transcription factor ( @entity22836 ). @entity19 of mi/mi genotype express a mutant form of @entity22836 (mi- @entity22836 ), whereas @entity19 of tg/tg genotype have a transgene in the 5' flanking region of the mi gene and do not express @entity22836 . Although the mi/mi @entity19 is @entity14434 (NK) activity, it was found that the tg/tg @entity19 was normal in this respect. To know the cause, spleen cells of both genotypes were compared. Although the proportion of spleen cells expressing an NK cell marker, @entity11386 , was comparable in both @entity19 , the proportion of large granular lymphocytes decreased only in mi/mi @entity19 . The difference between mi/mi and tg/tg @entity19 was reproducible in the culture supplemented with @entity2047 . Moreover, the perforin gene expression was reduced in mi/mi-cultured spleen cells. Wild-type (+) @entity22836 transactivated, but mi- @entity22836 suppressed, the perforin gene promoter through the NF-P motif, a strong cis-acting element. However, neither +- @entity22836 nor mi- @entity22836 bound the NF-P motif. Instead, 2 nuclear factors that bound the NF-P motif were retained in the cytoplasm of mi/mi-cultured spleen cells. In addition, overexpression of @entity22836 resulted in cytoplasmic retention of the 2 NF-P motif-binding factors in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The presence of @entity22836 rather than the absence of +- @entity22836 appeared to lead to poor transactivation of the NF-P motif by intercepting NF-P motif-binding factors. This inhibitory effect of @entity22836 may cause the deficient @entity137 of NK cells in mi/mi @entity19 . (Blood. 2001;97:2075-2083)

title: Inhibitory effect on natural killer activity of @entity4353 transcription factor encoded by the mutant mi allele of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity14434 :: ('MESH:C566492', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in natural killer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Advances in gene technology have led to the development of a method to manufacture recombinant @entity2801 (rFVIII) for @entity447 . Because rFVIII is a large and complex protein, its commercialization has required that many challenges in manufacturing, purification and processing be overcome. In order to license the first generation of rFVIII ( @entity16668 ) in 1993, Bayer Corporation invested over 10 years in research and manufacturing development. Seven additional years were subsequently devoted to research and manufacturing improvements in order to accomplish the recent licensing of a second rFVIII product ( @entity16668 Bayer or @entity16668 FS). This product differs from its predecessor, in that @entity1 albumin is removed from the purification and the formulation steps. In addition, fewer chromatography steps are involved resulting in greater yields per mL of conditioned medium, and a solvent-detergent viral inactivation step replaces the heat-processing step used for the previous product. Despite these changes in the manufacturing, the protein backbone and @entity1735 structure of the final rFVIII molecule are identical. The complexity of the production processes is reflected by over 100 000 manufacturing data entries and by 600 quality control tests for each batch of rFVIII. Manufacturers are continuing to develop the next generation of rFVIII, which will be produced without the addition of any @entity1 or animal proteins or byproducts. Investments in research, development and manufacturing technology are expected to result in the development of new products with enhanced safety profiles, and in an increase in the production capacity for products that are chronically in short supply.

title: Manufacturing challenges in the commercial production of recombinant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2801 :: ('2157', 'Gene') :: ['coagulation Factor VIII']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity16668 :: ('MESH:C078147', 'Chemical') :: ['KOGENATE', 'Kogenate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity2801 :: (2157,Gene) :: ['coagulation factor VIII']


abstract: A prospective randomized study was performed on 64 @entity1 suffering from primary @entity169 . Two groups were formed, each consisting of 32 @entity1 . The @entity1 either underwent tension-free surgical treatment or Shouldice herniorraphy. The aim of the study was to determine if the tension-free operative technique on @entity169 @entity1 reduces @entity282 intensity by 2 days in comparison to the @entity1 receiving Shouldice repair treatment. By using the VAS was shown that at no time was there any significant difference in the @entity158 sensation levels between the two groups. The amount of @entity158 tablets consumed among the @entity1 was similar in each group. The number of complications in both groups was also comparable. During the postoperative follow-up of 6 days six @entity1 in the tension-free surgical group and four @entity1 in the Shouldice group developed uncomplicated @entity1410 on the 4th day, which were traced to the heparin medication. One @entity1 from the Shouldice group suffered from temporary swelling of the scrotum. The advantage of open tension-free repair using extraperitoneally placed @entity7502 mesh is that the technique is simple, size-adapted, and can be carried out easily and at any time under local anesthesia. With regard to the lower recurrence rate of @entity547 as published in the American literature, this can only be verified by randomized studies.

title: ["Tension-free technique" in open XXXX . A prospective, randomized study of @entity282 perception ("tension-free reconstruction" vs. Shouldice technique)].

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: Clinical accounts of the effects of @entity16 ( @entity550 ) have provided important clues about the functions of this region in @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity21 can demonstrate relatively isolated difficulties with decision making, and the development of laboratory tasks that captured these difficulties was an important advance. However, much of the work to date has been limited by the use of a single, complex decision-making task and by a narrow focus on risky decisions. A fuller understanding of the neural basis of decision making requires identification of the simpler components that underlie this complex behavior. Here, I review evidence that @entity66 disrupt reversal learning in @entity1 , as in animals, and show that this deficit in reversal learning is an important mechanism underlying the difficulties of such @entity1 in the Iowa gambling task. Reversal learning, in turn, can be decomposed into simpler processes: a failure to rapidly learn from negative feedback may be the critical difficulty for @entity550 @entity1 . @entity16 can also affect forms of decision making that do not require trial-by-trial learning. Preference judgment is a simple form of decision making that requires comparing the relative value of options. @entity1 with @entity66 are more inconsistent in their choices, even in very simple preference judgment tasks. These results are broadly consistent with the view that @entity550 is critically involved in representing the relative value of stimuli, but also raise the possibility that this region plays distinct roles in reinforcement learning and value-based judgment.

title: The role of XXXX in decision making: a component process account.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OFC lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['OFC damage', 'damage to orbitofrontal cortex']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['OFC injury']

answer: @entity550 :: (MESH:D000303,Disease) :: ['orbitofrontal cortex']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a daily dose of 10 mg of @entity2993 in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) stages 4 and 5 and a glomerular filtration rate of <30 ml/min. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an open, prospective, randomized study. A total of 143 @entity1 were included: 73 were controls and 70 were prescribed 10 mg/day of @entity2993 . As efficacy variables, total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and @entity412 levels were determined at the start of the study and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. RESULTS: The follow-up period was a mean of 20+/-14.4 months (range 1-36 months) for those on @entity2993 versus 22+/-12.7 months (range 0.5-36 months) for the controls. Compared with baseline values, @entity1 treated with @entity2993 had significantly lower concentrations of total @entity165 at Month 36 (5.8 vs 4.4 mmol/l; -23%; p<0.001), of LDL @entity165 at Month 36 (3.6 vs 2.2 mmol/l; -35%; p<0.001) and of @entity1674 at Months 24 (2.5 vs 1.9 mmol/l) and 36 (2.5 vs 1.8 mmol/l). The controls had significantly reduced levels of total @entity165 at Month 36 (p<0.21) and of LDL @entity165 at Months 30 and 36. Compared with the controls, the @entity2993 group had lower levels of total @entity165 and LDL @entity165 at Months 1-30. Fifteen @entity1 (21%) stopped taking their medication as they could not tolerate the side-effects, the most frequent complaints being gastrointestinal discomfort and @entity10 . CONCLUSION: Although the medication caused no severe adverse events, we recommend caution when using @entity2993 for severe @entity740 @entity1 until further evidence of its safety and efficacy is verified.

title: Safety and efficacy of XXXX in @entity1 with severe renal dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: 1. The content of 14 different @entity2036 , including @entity268 , in isolated muscle fibres of the anterior byssus retractor muscle of @entity13367 was analysed. The @entity377 levels were determined after the muscle fibres performed phasic, tonic, or tetanic contractions and after @entity750 -induced relaxation of tonic contraction. 2. Isolated resting muscle fibres revealed a lower energy charge than freshly-dissected ones. 3. During active force development @entity859 energy charge decreased to stay at the same low level during catch, @entity116 and @entity750 -induced relaxation of catch respectively. 4. The energy charges of the @entity17350 , @entity6683 and @entity3183 systems did not show changes parallel to the @entity859 system. 5. The levels of @entity1919 were only changed under the influence of @entity750 .

title: Changes of XXXX contents and of energy charge induced by contraction, catch and relaxation in smooth molluscan muscle fibres. An analysis using reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity13367 :: ('6550', 'Species') :: ['Mytilus edulis']

entities_list: @entity17350 :: ('MESH:D006151', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: The decision to undertake a screening test is conditional upon awareness of screening. From an econometric perspective there is a potential selection problem, if no distinction is made between aware and unaware non-screeners. This paper explores this problem through analysis of the determinants of cervical screening in Australia. @entity5 is one of the most preventable and curable forms of @entity5 . Since 1991 there has been a concerted effort in Australia to recommend and encourage @entity1 to have Pap smears every two years. The success of this program can be partly gauged by exploring the determinants of screening for @entity5 . Using unit record data from the 1995 National Health Survey, an econometric model is developed for whether @entity1 have ever screened or not. A proportion of @entity1 in the sample contend that they have never heard of a Pap test. The analysis characterizes this group of @entity1 and accounts for their presence in the modelling. The paper demonstrates failing to model awareness can result in inconsistent parameter estimates even when the degree of censoring in the sample is relatively small.

title: Why worry about awareness in choice problems? Econometric analysis of screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Three standard psychometric tests were administered to parents who volunteered their @entity1 for a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a new @entity565 drug and to a control group of parents whose @entity1 were eligible for the trial but had declined the invitation. The trial took place at a @entity1 's hospital in Australia. The subjects comprised 68 parents who had volunteered their @entity1 and 42 who had not, a participation rate of 94 per cent and 70 per cent, respectively. The responses of these parents to the Gordon Survey of Interpersonal Values Questionnaire, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire were analysed by computer. There was a marked difference between the psychological profiles of the two groups of parents. Volunteering parents put more value on benevolence while non- @entity6160 were more concerned with power and prestige. The self-esteem of @entity6160 was much lower than that of non- @entity6160 . Finally, @entity6160 were more introverted, exhibited greater anxiety and low supergo, while non- @entity6160 appeared to have greater social confidence and emotional stability. Since an individual's values, self-esteem and personality may be important antecedents of behaviour, these findings suggest that parents who volunteer their @entity1 for clinical research are not only socially disadvantaged and emotionally vulnerable, but may also be psychologically predisposed to volunteering. Furthermore, these findings provide evidence for the existence of a psychosocial 'filter' effect of the informed consent procedure, which may be discouraging the better educated, more privileged and psychologically resilient members of society from participation as research subjects.

title: The psychological profile of parents who volunteer their XXXX for clinical research: a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6160 :: ('MESH:D063129', 'Disease') :: ['volunteering parents']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A total of 106 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity293 (73 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 , 0-15.9 years of age) were studied by means of a @entity9409 ( @entity9409 ) scan, renal ultrasound, and a desmopressin test during infection and at follow up approximately two months later. At follow up they were also investigated by means of intravenous urography (IVU) and micturition cystourethrography (MCU). During infection 23 @entity1 had a normal @entity9409 scan while 83 @entity1 had an abnormal one. The median @entity1851 and SD score for renal concentration capacity in the former group were 15 (range < 10-178) mg/l and -1.0 SD score (range -2.4 to 1.8), respectively, and in the latter group 98 (range < 10-320) mg/l and -3.1 SD score (range -5.7 to 1.1), respectively. In the former group there was no significant finding in any @entity1 on ultrasound or IVU and only one had significant @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) (grade 3). At follow up 51 @entity1 had a normal @entity9409 scan while 55 @entity1 showed persistent changes. The median SD score for renal concentration capacity in the former group was -0.9 SD score (range -3.2 to 1.4) and in the latter group -1.6 SD score (range -4.6 to 2.5). No significant changes were found in the former group on ultrasound or IVU and only two @entity1 had significant @entity3025 (grade 3). In the latter group 20 @entity1 showed changes on ultrasound, 15 showed changes on IVU, and 23 had @entity3025 . These results suggest that a normal @entity9409 scan during or approximately two months after @entity293 in @entity1 indicates a low risk of finding significant pathology of the urinary tract.

title: Diagnostic significance of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid ( @entity9409 ) scintigraphy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity9409 :: ('MESH:D004113', 'Chemical') :: ['DMSA', 'dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteric reflux', 'VUR']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: @entity63 after aortic surgery is a rare (1-5%) complication, often with a fatal outcome (greater than 50%). During the period 1974-1987, 554 abdominal aortic operations were performed in our department. 17 @entity1 (3%) were reoperated due to @entity63 , ten of these @entity1 died. 12 @entity1 were operated on due to aortic @entity439 (9 emergency operations) and 5 due to @entity432 . A retrospective analysis of the files of the 17 @entity1 was performed to try to identify the risk @entity1 . Preoperative investigations demonstrated that the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) was patent in 3 @entity1 and occluded in 5 @entity1 . As to the other 9 @entity1 no information could be found (all with @entity439 ). After the primary operation, 11 @entity1 had persistent circulation via at least one of the hypogastric arteries and none of them had persistent circulation via the IMA. 11 @entity1 had @entity294 before reoperation and in 6 @entity1 @entity298 was observed. Rectoscopy was performed in 8 @entity1 and in 7 there was indication of @entity63 . The most common finding among the laboratory tests was a rise in the @entity1011 level which was observed in 10 @entity1 . Other laboratory tests such as blood gases, leucocytes, thrombocytes or temperature were of little predictive value per se. @entity1 operated on due to @entity1755 are risk @entity1 . No other predictive symptom or sign was found to preoperatively identify the @entity1 at risk for @entity63 . An intraoperative method for evaluating the intestinal blood flow would be of great value when considering selective intestinal vascular reconstruction.

title: XXXX following aortic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'Intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia', 'bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Visceral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relative importance of @entity101 in the progression of @entity177 is well understood. Recently, several studies have provided evidence that antihypertensive therapy enhances renal survival. However, the specific antihypertensive drug regimens that are most effective in generating such long-term effects remain controversial. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-nine @entity101 @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 (39 +/- 7 years old, serum @entity1011 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl) with @entity644 received antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi: 2.5-10 mg of @entity2815 daily) and @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs: 2.5-10 mg @entity3591 daily) for 3 years. The @entity1 ' blood pressures in group one were controlled below 140/85 mmHg by increases in their first drug dose or by addition of the second drug in group 1. Blood pressures for @entity1 in group 2 were controlled using the same two options, except to levels below 130/70 mmHg. @entity1 within the two groups were selected and controlled with regard to sex, age, and serum @entity1011 . The renal protective effects of each protocol were evaluated in terms of reductions in @entity1011 clearance. After 3 years of the above outlined blood pressure control regimens, the reductions in @entity1011 clearance were compared. RESULTS: @entity1011 clearances decreased in group 1 @entity1 (from 85.7 +/- 2.4 ml/min to 72.9 +/- 2.4 ml/min, p < 0.05). On the other hand, @entity1011 clearance remained essentially unchanged for @entity1 in group 2 (from 87.2 +/-4.7 ml/min to 85.9 +/- 5.9 ml/min). Although @entity1011 clearance in both groups was almost the same at the start of study, there was a significant difference between them by the conclusion of the study (p < 0.05). @entity644 and @entity811 did not change significantly throughout the study and there were no significant differences in these respects between these two corresponding groups. There were no significant differences between the groups with reference to side-effects or complications. CONCLUSION: These data provide evidence that reducing blood pressure has protective renal effects in cases of mild @entity177 with @entity101 in @entity8 .

title: Blood pressure reduction associated with preservation of renal function in @entity101 @entity1 with XXXX : a 3-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'IgAN']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2815 :: ('MESH:C044946', 'Chemical') :: ['benazapril']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: A radioimmunoassay for @entity5716 (NT) and binding assay for NT receptor have been developed to determine @entity5716 -like immunoreactivity (NTLI) concentration and to characterize NT receptor in the @entity35 brain. The effect of various drugs affecting the dopaminergic system in the brain were also investigated to clarify the relationship between NT and @entity935 . NTLI was widely distributed in various regions of the @entity35 brain: the highest level was 53.1 +/- 14.1 ng/g wet wt in the hypothalamus, 11.9 +/- 6.0 ng/g wet wt in the thalamus, 6.9 +/- 0.7 ng/g wet wt in the cerebral cortex and 0.7 +/- 0.2 ng/g wet wt in the cerebellar cortex. The Bmax of NT receptor was 20.2 +/- 4.6 fmol/mg protein in the cerebral cortex, 16.0 +/- 4.9 fmol/mg protein in the hypothalamus, 13.3 +/- 3.7 fmol/mg protein in the thalamus and no detectable level in the cerebellar cortex. The Kd of NT receptor was 2.7 +/- 0.7 nM in the cerebral cortex, 1.9 +/- 0.8 nM in the hypothalamus, 1.1 +/- 0.2 nM in the thalamus. Intraperitoneal(ip) bolus administration of @entity3034 caused the reduction in NTLI concentration from 9.2 +/- 1.0 ng/g wet wt to 5.3 +/- 2.1 ng/g wet wt and Bmax of NT receptor from 19.7 +/- 3.1 fmol/mg protein to 13.9 +/- 2.6 fmol/mg protein with no change in Kd. Intracerebroventricular administration of @entity935 also induced a significant reduction of NTLI concentration and Bmax of NT receptor with no change in Kd. Inversely, ip bolus administration of alpha-methyldopa evoked an increase in NTLI concentration from 6.9 +/- 0.9 ng/g wet wt to 12.0 +/- 3.0 ng/g wet wt and that in Bmax of NT receptor from 15.9 +/- 2.9 fmol/mg protein to 24.2 +/- 4.6 fmol/mg protein. Serial administration of @entity1767 evoked an increase in Bmax of NT receptor from 16.9 +/- 1.5 fmol/mg protein to 20.5 +/- 1.9 fmol/mg protein with no changes in Kd and NTLI concentration. These results suggest that @entity935 may modulate the action of NT in the @entity35 cerebral cortex.

title: [Distribution of XXXX -like immunoreactivity (NTLI) and @entity5716 receptor in the @entity35 brain and effects of various drugs on NTLI concentration and NT receptor in the @entity35 cerebral cortex].

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5716 :: ('MESH:D009496', 'Chemical') :: ['neurotensin']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity5716 :: (MESH:D009496,Chemical) :: ['neurotensin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the influence of types of serum on the in vitro viability and on either spontaneous or rituximab (RIT)-induced apoptosis of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) cells. METHODS: The influence of fetal calf serum (FCS), patients' @entity8667 ( @entity8667 ) and human @entity8667 ( @entity8667 ), used alone and in combinations consisting of two of them (v/v-1:1), on RIT-dependent @entity137 , apoptosis, detection of active forms of caspases-3,-9,-8 and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (/\  m) were assessed by flow cytometry. RIT was used at the concentration of 10   g/ml. The spontaneous apoptosis was assessed in culture without RIT. RESULTS: @entity8667 revealed the protective action on @entity1072 cells, however this serum added in vitro to the culture either alone or in combination with FCS was the only one to allow RIT to exert its cytotoxic action against @entity1072 cells. RIT-induced apoptosis involved changes in /\  m and activation of caspases-3,-8,-9 when @entity8667 +FCS was applicated. @entity99 ( @entity99 ) was 6.02 and 0.34, when FCS+ @entity8667 and FCS alone were used, respectively (p<0.01). The RIT-dependent cytotoxic effect decreased when FCS+ @entity8667 or FCS+ @entity8667 were used, as compared to effect of @entity8667 used separately. The cytotoxic effect of RIT did not depend on drug concentration, but on the type of serum added to the culture. CONCLUSIONS: The strongest cytotoxic effect of RIT in the presence of @entity8667 suggests that this drug activity towards @entity1072 cells is enhanced by known cytotoxic mechanisms, caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and possible influence of other extracellular factors present in the @entity1 ' sera.

title: Type of serum influences the rituximab dependent XXXX and apoptosis of @entity1072 cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8667 :: ('MESH:D012713', 'Disease') :: ['AB-serum', 'autologous serum', 'AS', 'ABS']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['DIA', 'Drug induced apoptosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: We conducted a hospital-based cohort study among adult @entity1 with first-time @entity328 @entity2259 (SPB) from 2000 through 2008. @entity1 were identified in a population-based @entity2259 database and followed up for mortality through the Danish @entity262 ( @entity262 ). The aim of the study was to determine the focal diagnosis of SPB, the severity of @entity295 at presentation, demographics and comorbidity characteristics of the @entity1 , and to determine the 30-day mortality rate and factors related to mortality. We identified 481 @entity1 , of which 238 were males. The mean age of the @entity1 was 65 years. The focal diagnosis of the SPB was @entity55 in 381 (79 %) @entity1 , followed in frequency by @entity693 in 33 (7 %) @entity1 . Of the 481 @entity1 , 390 (81 %) had community-acquired SPB. Of these, 23 (6 %) did not have @entity295 , 132 (34 %) had @entity295 , 224 (57 %) had severe @entity295 , and 11 (3 %) were in @entity326 . Overall, the 30-day mortality was 16 %. Mortality increased with the severity of @entity295 . There was no association between the focal diagnosis of SPB or the number of diagnoses and mortality. @entity580 , male sex, increasing age, and increasing comorbidity were all associated with an increased 30-day mortality rate.

title: @entity2259 with @entity328 : XXXX and other risk factors for 30-day mortality--a hospital-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Civil Registration System', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: To better define the physiologic relevance of the cholinergic muscarinic input to the @entity95 colon and the role of different muscarinic receptor subtypes, we studied the effects of @entity3897 , @entity9562 (MI antagonist) and @entity56151 (M3 antagonist) on @entity694 in eight conscious @entity95 fitted with bipolar electrodes and strain gauges along the proximal colon. In some experiments, the chronotropic and mydriatic effect of the pharmacological agents were also assessed. Two main patterns of spike activity were identified: short spike bursts (SSBs), which were usually stationary, and long spike bursts (LSBs), which were usually propagated. Both myoelectrical patterns were dose-dependently inhibited by @entity3897 (0.06-4 mumol/kg). @entity3897 , at the doses of 2-4 mumol/kg, abolished both myoelectrical and mechanical activity. @entity9562 (0.008-0.125 mumol/kg) dose-dependently inhibited migrating LSBs without significant effect on SSBs. Higher doses (0.25-0.5 mumol/kg) inhibited both LSBs and SSBs. @entity56151 (0.06-2 mumol/kg) dose-dependently inhibited both migrating LSBs and SSBs. The three antimuscarinic agents, at doses that inhibited colonic spike activity by approximately 80% (equiactive doses), behaved as follows on heart rate and pupil diameter: @entity3897 induced @entity591 and @entity5564 , @entity9562 had no effect, and @entity56151 induced slight @entity5564 with no effect on heart rate. We conclude that spontaneous motility in the @entity95 proximal colon depends on a muscarinic excitatory input. M3 receptors are involved in the control of both LSBs and SSBs, while M1 receptors play an important role in the regulation of LSBs. The development of selective antimuscarinic drugs, acting on a given motility pattern and with minimal side effects, may offer new perspectives in the treatment of functional bowel @entity1957 .

title: Motility of XXXX proximal colon. Relevance of cholinergic pathways and role of different muscarinic receptor subtypes.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity9562 :: ('MESH:C046338', 'Chemical') :: ['Telenzepine', 'telenzepine']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorders']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic motility']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1596 often is a @entity102 requiring long-term medical therapy. Despite treatment, the disease may be difficult to control and may produce serious, vision-threatening ocular complications. In this study, the authors determined whether an intravitreal @entity205 -sustained delivery device was effective in the treatment of @entity32 in a @entity95 model of @entity1596 . METHODS: New Zealand White @entity95 were immunized subcutaneously with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra antigen. Fourteen days later, sustained-release @entity205 devices were implanted into the vitreous cavity of the right eye of experimental @entity95 . Control animals received sham devices. Seven days after device implantation, @entity95 were challenged with an intravitreal injection of tuberculin antigen. To simulate chronic @entity32 with exacerbations, some animals were rechallenged with intravitreal antigen on day 21 after device implantation. @entity32 was assessed clinically by a masked observer who graded anterior chamber cells, flare, @entity7499 , iris congestion, and vitreous opacity daily until day 7 and on day 13 after the initial intravitreous challenge, and on days 1 and 2 after the rechallenge. Retinal function was evaluated by electroretinography. Animals were killed 3, 6, 8, and 14 days after the initial intravitreal challenge and on the second day after rechallenge for aqueous leukocyte count, protein measurement, and histologic examination. The number of aqueous and peripheral blood proliferating lymphocytes and the subset of CD4+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure @entity205 levels in vitreous and peripheral blood. Light microscopy was used to evaluate the eyes histopathologically. RESULTS: By clinical criteria, treated eyes had significantly less @entity32 than untreated eyes. The number of aqueous cells and protein concentration determined quantitatively paralleled the clinical assessment of anterior chamber cells and flare. The electroretinography B-wave was depressed significantly in untreated eyes compared with that of treated eyes (P < 0.02). Histopathologic examination results showed marked @entity32 and tissue disorganization in untreated eyes, whereas @entity205 -treated eyes had preserved architecture and greatly reduced inflammatory cells. Intravitreal @entity205 remained at therapeutic levels for at least 6 months after intravitreal device implantation, whereas blood levels were low to nondetectable. CONCLUSIONS: The intravitreal @entity205 device effectively suppresses @entity32 in a @entity95 model of @entity1596 . This device may be useful in the treatment of @entity1 with severe chronic @entity1596 who are intolerant to currently available therapies.

title: Intravitreal sustained-release XXXX in the treatment of experimental @entity1596 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is widely used for the resection of a mediastinal mass, it is converted to an open resection in some @entity1 with a mature @entity44 because of dense adhesions. We reviewed cases with a mature @entity44 removed by VATS and investigated the indications for that procedure for this @entity5 . METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 15 @entity1 with a benign mediastinal mature @entity44 who underwent a thoracoscopic procedure. RESULTS: The mean @entity5 diameter was 5.3 cm (range 3.2-8.5). The mean operative time was 188 min (78-430), and intraoperative @entity190 was 138 ml (10-450). Thoracoscopic resection was completed in all except 3 @entity1 with @entity5 , which presented the most difficult problems with dissection. Each of those 3 had severe preoperative @entity662 and a @entity5 larger than 5.5 cm. No mortality or @entity260 were recorded, except for postoperative chylothorax. @entity5 recurrence did not develop in any @entity1 during the mean follow-up period of 4.6 years. CONCLUSIONS: For selected @entity1 with a mediastinal @entity44 , VATS may be considered standard care, as most are benign. In contrast, an open approach may be more appropriate for @entity1 with a large @entity5 or preoperative symptoms.

title: Experience with thoracoscopic resection for mediastinal mature @entity44 : a retrospective analysis of 15 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'larger tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional open surgical management strategies offer limited benefit except for the most superficial @entity548 in select @entity1 . Recent reports suggest that endoscopic approaches may improve outcomes, particularly for deep subcortical @entity548 . However, the management of these @entity1 remains controversial. We reviewed our experience using endoscopic port surgery to identify characteristics that may predict acceptable outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We completed a retrospective chart and imaging review of @entity1 who underwent endoscopic port surgery for evacuation of spontaneous ICH at a single center. Data were gathered regarding @entity1 demographics, @entity548 locations, operative findings, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: From 2007 to 2011, 18 @entity1 underwent evacuation of spontaneous @entity1779 using an endoscopic port. The mean age in years was 62 years (range, 43-84 years). Six of 18 @entity1 (33%) died before discharge, and 2 others (11%) died after at least 1 month of survival. Of 12 initial survivors, all were discharged to a rehabilitation or nursing facility. Complete @entity1410 evacuation was achieved in 7 of 18 @entity1 , with the remaining 11 having a partial evacuation. The @entity1 who died (n   =   6) before discharge were statistically more likely to have a left-sided @entity548 , partial evacuation, or older age than the survivors; death at least 1    month after evacuation was additionally associated with greater preoperative @entity1410 volumes. CONCLUSIONS: Our series demonstrates that endoscopic port surgery for acute @entity1779 evacuation has the ability to achieve significant decompression of large and deep-seated @entity1410 . @entity1 age, extent of evacuation, laterality, and preoperative @entity1410 volume appear to influence @entity1 outcome. Most overall outcomes remain poor. Future studies are necessary to determine if surgical evacuation is in fact superior to best medical treatment and if so, to validate, refute, or further identify characteristics that define surgical candidates.

title: Outcomes after endoscopic port surgery for spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages', 'intracerebral hematomas', 'ICHs', 'intracerebral hematoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hematomas']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Endoscopic stenting treatment, in cases of @entity1689 unsuitable for decompressive surgery, appears to be safe and efficient. Perfect anatomical results are only obtained if large stents are used after balloon dilatation. BACKGROUND: Decompressive surgery in cases of @entity1118 is only feasible if the main pancreatic duct exceeds approx 8 mm over a sufficient length. When those anatomical changes are not present, surgery must be resective. This study evaluates the results of endoscopic stent drainage and decompression of @entity1118 without large dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. METHODS: Sixteen of our @entity1689 @entity1 were included in this study. They presented a mean of 5.3 episodes of @entity158 in the 6 mo before treatment. Decompressive surgery was not possible because of a mean pancreatic duct diameter of 5.8 mm. Stents were 7F in eight @entity1 and 12F in the other eight. They were left in the duct after endoscopic dilation for 9.5 +/- 1.0 mo. RESULTS: During stenting we observed two early obstructions and seven episodes of @entity158 . All @entity2402 and stenosis of the duct disappeared anatomically in six cases, was improved in four, but persisted in six. During follow-up, two episodes of mild @entity158 were recorded. No cysts reappeared. @entity850 was only observed in @entity1 whose pancreatic duct was equipped with a 12F stent (p < 0.02).

title: Endoscopic ductal drainage may avoid resective surgery in XXXX without large ductal dilatation.

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['cysts disappeared']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Complete disappearance of stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['painful chronic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['painful chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: @entity189 cells frequently coexpress transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and its receptor, the @entity470 , implicating an autocrine function of @entity189 -derived @entity7790 . Using a monoclonal antibody (425) to the EGF-receptor, we investigated the role of exogenous and @entity5 cell-derived EGF/ @entity7790 mitogenic activities in proliferation of cell lines derived from solid @entity5 . Monoclonal antibody 425 was chosen for these studies because it inhibits binding of EGF/ @entity7790 to the EGF-receptor and effectively blocks activation of the EGF-receptor by EGF/ @entity7790 . Seven malignant cell lines originating from @entity189 of @entity0 , and bladder expressed surface EGF-receptor and secreted @entity24449 -like mitogenic activities into their tissue culture media. All cell lines were maintained in a defined medium free of exogenous EGF/ @entity7790 . EGF and @entity7790 added to the culture medium stimulated proliferation of five cell lines to comparable levels. EGF/ @entity7790 -dependent proliferation was significantly reduced by addition of MAb 425 to culture media. In addition, monoclonal antibody 425 reduced proliferation of the five EGF/ @entity7790 responsive cell lines in the absence of exogenous EGF/ @entity7790 . Antiproliferative effects induced by monoclonal antibody 425 were reversible and could be overcome by addition of EGF to culture media. Our results indicate that @entity5 -derived EGF-receptor-reactive mitogens can promote proliferation of @entity189 cells in an autocrine fashion.

title: Monoclonal antibody 425 inhibits growth stimulation of XXXX cells by exogenous EGF and @entity5 -derived @entity24449 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colon, pancreas, breast, squamous epithelia']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: @entity3292 ( @entity3292 ) is a @entity5 of poorly identified perineural cell origin. We report a case of @entity9979 of left thumb and discuss the main differential diagnosis. CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old @entity1 presented with a painless, slowly progressive @entity5 of the left thumb of 6 months duration. This @entity5 had recurred after resection done 26 years before. Clinical examination revealed a @entity5 on the anterior surface of the left thumb, painless, firm, 4 3cm, ulcerated and covered with thin @entity8721 . The X-ray of the phalanx showed no alteration to the underlying bone. The histopathological study of a skin biopsy reported a @entity3292 . Excision of the lesion was performed with preservation of the nail. Neither the @entity1 nor her family members had @entity4786 . The outcome was favorable and no recurrence was noted after 18 months of follow-up. COMMENTS: The usual sites of the @entity3292 are the face, shoulders, arms, and periungual regions. It is usually a solitary lesion; however, lesions may be multiple or recur after initial incomplete excision as in our @entity1 . It must be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 of the extremities. We report this case because of the rarity of both the @entity5 and its site.

title: [ XXXX of the thumb].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['Myxoid neurofibroma', 'MN', 'myxoid neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity3292 :: (MESH:D009455,Disease) :: ['Myxoid neurofibroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1653 is a common @entity5 primarily arising in the central nervous system. Its consistency is considered to be one of the critical prognostic factors for determining surgical resectability. The present study endeavored to investigate predictive factors associated with the @entity5 consistency. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-three consecutive @entity1 who underwent resective surgery of @entity1653 were examined. The authors designed an objective grading system for @entity1653 consistency and utilized it for assessing consistency among all cases. We focused on the relationship between preoperative @entity5 characteristics on neuroimaging studies and the consistency. RESULTS: The @entity5 attributes on T2-weighted image (T2WI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image were significantly correlated with the @entity5 consistency (p   =   0.004 and 0.045, respectively). The hypointense @entity5 on both MRI sequences tended to be hard, whereas the @entity5 showing hypersignal intensity were associated with soft consistency. There was no correlation between the consistency and age, gender, duration of @entity16 , @entity5 location, size, calcification, cystic portion, en plague appearance, @entity5 -brain contact interface expressed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleft, perilesional vasogenic @entity4 , bony status, features on T1-weighted image (T1WI) and pattern of contrast enhancement. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the @entity5 characteristics on T2WI and FLAIR image were independent factors significantly correlated with the @entity5 consistency (p   =   0.005 and 0.041, respectively). The @entity5 consistency was also correlated with operative radicalness as evaluated by the Simpson criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Signal intensity on T2WI and FLAIR image can be used for insinuating @entity1653 consistency. Presurgical prediction of the consistency is highly valuable in operative planning, particularly in arduous cases.

title: Predictors of XXXX consistency: A study in 243 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'Meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) and @entity209 ( @entity209 ) in euthyroid postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2205 Korean postmenopausal @entity1 . Subjects who were not euthyroid were excluded. Fasting @entity9808 , free @entity1955 (FT4), insulin, @entity413 , and the level of insulin resistance, estimated by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. @entity209 was defined according to the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS: @entity9808 levels were associated with total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 and diastolic blood pressure. Using a multiple linear regression analysis, LDL- @entity165 , and @entity1674 levels were identified as independently associated with @entity9808 . Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined that @entity9808 levels strongly contributed to @entity209 . Compared with the lower most quartile ( @entity9808 , 0.3-1.44 mIU/L), the adjusted odds ratio for @entity209 was 1.95 in the upper most quartile ( @entity9808 , 2.48-4.00 mIU/L). The prevalence of @entity209 increased as the @entity9808 quartile showed a gradual increase. CONCLUSION: We found a close relationship between @entity9808 and @entity209 in euthyroid postmenopausal @entity1 . Therefore, more attention should be focused on postmenopausal @entity1 with high normal @entity9808 levels for the management of @entity65 .

title: Thyroid stimulating hormone is associated with XXXX in euthyroid postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TSH', 'thyroid stimulating hormone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: We evaluated the response to and @entity137 of allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) who relapsed after autologous BMT. Since 1990, 172 @entity1 have received autologous BMTs in @entity1893 at the @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center and 75 have relapsed. Twelve @entity1 (median age, 42 years), with disease recurrence underwent either allogeneic BMT (eight @entity1 ) or a second autologous BMT (four @entity1 ). Ten @entity1 received thiotepa, @entity1863 and @entity786 as conditioning, one @entity1 received @entity786 and total body irradiation and one received BCNU, @entity2879 , @entity2592 and melphalan. The median interval between the first and second transplants was 23.5 months (range 5-80 months). Three @entity1 who underwent allogeneic BMT had refractory relapses, three had a responsive relapse and two were in complete response (CR) at the time of BMT. Five @entity1 received peripheral blood stem cells and three @entity1 , allogeneic bone marrow. Three @entity1 are alive and disease-free at 25, 22 and 7 months after allogeneic BMT. Four @entity1 died of treatment-related causes and one from disease recurrence. All four @entity1 undergoing autologous BMT had responsive relapses. Three @entity1 received peripheral blood stem cells and one @entity1 bone marrow. Two @entity1 are alive and disease-free at 12 and 30 months after autologous transplants. There were no treatment-related @entity204 ; two @entity1 died of disease recurrence. This retrospective study shows that in selected @entity1 , allogeneic or autologous BMT is an effective salvage therapy for @entity1893 which recurs after autologous BMT.

title: Bone marrow transplantation after failure of autologous transplant for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our objectives were to assess the quality of PET images and coregistered anatomic images obtained with PET/MR, to evaluate the detection of focal uptake and SUV, and to compare these findings with those of PET/CT in @entity1 with @entity135 . METHODS: The study group comprised 32 consecutive @entity1 with @entity135 who underwent whole-body @entity419 PET/MR and PET/CT. PET images were reconstructed using the attenuation correction sequence for PET/MR and CT for PET/CT. Two experienced observers evaluated the anonymized data. They evaluated image and fusion quality, lesion conspicuity, anatomic location, number and size of categorized (benign versus assumed malignant) lesions with focal uptake. Region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed to determine SUVs of lesions and organs for both modalities. Statistical analysis considered data clustering due to @entity75 per @entity1 . RESULTS: PET/MR coregistration and image fusion was feasible in all @entity1 . The analysis included 66 @entity5 ( @entity5 , metastatic lymph nodes and distant metastases), 136 benign lesions and 470 organ ROIs. There was no statistically significant difference between PET/MR and PET/CT regarding rating scores for image quality, fusion quality, lesion conspicuity or anatomic location, number of detected lesions and number of @entity1 with and without @entity5 . A high correlation was observed for SUVmean and SUVmax measured on PET/MR and PET/CT for @entity5 , benign lesions and organs (     =   0.787 to 0.877, p   <   0.001). SUVmean and SUVmax measured on PET/MR were significantly lower than on PET/CT for @entity5 , metastatic neck nodes, benign lesions, bone marrow, and liver (p   <   0.05). The main factor affecting the difference between SUVs in @entity5 was @entity5 size (p   <   0.01). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity135 , PET/MR showed equivalent performance to PET/CT in terms of qualitative results. Comparison of SUVs revealed an excellent correlation for measurements on both modalities, but underestimation of SUVs measured on PET/MR as compared to PET/CT.

title: Detection and quantification of focal uptake in XXXX : @entity419 PET/MR versus PET/CT.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours', 'malignant head and neck tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'malignant lesions', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumours']


abstract: The hypothesis that the use of an observation unit (OU) in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) results in monetary savings by lowering the hospital admission rate for @entity565 was studied in a retrospective comparative cohort at an urban university county hospital. All acute @entity748 @entity1 seen in the @entity341 during a 22-month period were included. Preobservation @entity1 were seen before the OU opened (n = 834); postobservation @entity1 were treated afterward (n = 390). Postobservation @entity1 in the experimental group meeting standard criteria were admitted to the OU. Fisher's exact test and the binomial distribution were used to analyze proportions of @entity1 admitted. Median charges were compared with the Mann-Whitney test. The difference between groups in hospital admission rate was only 2.7% and was not significant (P = .25). However, 5.3% less @entity1 were admitted directly to the hospital (P = .01), and 6.7% less @entity1 were discharged directly from the @entity341 (P = .005). The OU produced no demonstrable cost savings. The use of an OU for @entity748 @entity1 results in lower initial discharge rates from the @entity341 and does not reduce eventual hospital admission appreciably.

title: Observation unit impact on XXXX admission for @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively study the effect of oral @entity51692 , a relatively selective cerebral vasodilator, on further deterioration of visual field in @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 (NTG) with low-normal intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with NTG (average age 57.7 years) with an IOP that was consistently less than 15 mmHg were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity51692 (20 mg three times daily) or to an untreated control group. The groups were prospectively followed for 2 years with @entity227 every 4 months, using the 30-2 Humphrey perimeter program. Changes in @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ), corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), and @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) at 74 test points were analyzed using regression analysis with linear mixed model. Data from one eye without media opacity of each subject were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups in age; sex distribution; refraction; blood pressure; baseline IOP; @entity5494 , CPSD, or @entity5494 at each point. Changes in @entity5494 (standard error [SE]) during the study period were -0.778 (0.178) and -0.071 (0.195) dB/year in the control and @entity51692 groups, respectively; change in the control group was significantly more negative than in the @entity51692 group. Change in CPSD (SE) was 0.032 (0.015) and 0.004 (0.016) dB/year in the control and @entity51692 groups, respectively. Change in the control group was significantly positive, but the intergroup difference was not significant. Change in @entity5494 was significantly negative at six test points in the control group, whereas no points showed a significant trend in the @entity51692 group; the intergroup difference was significant. The average IOP was 13.2 mmHg and 13.1 mmHg in the control and @entity51692 groups, respectively, and there was no significant intergroup difference. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity51692 may retard further @entity227 in @entity1 with NTG who have low-normal IOP.

title: Effects of oral @entity51692 on XXXX in @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 with low-normal intraocular pressure.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field examinations', 'visual field deterioration']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'TD', 'total deviation', 'mean deviation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity51692 :: ('MESH:C033581', 'Chemical') :: ['brovincamine']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field damage']


abstract: Background. The effects of first-line chemotherapy on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) might be confounded by subsequent therapies in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ). Therefore, by using individual-level data, we aimed to determine the relationships between progression-free survival (PFS) or @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 after first-line chemotherapies in @entity1 with extensive disease- @entity151 (ED- @entity151 ) treated with @entity3003 plus @entity2879 . Methods. Between July 1998 and December 2014, we analyzed 63 cases of @entity1 with ED- @entity151 who were treated with @entity3003 and @entity2879 as first-line chemotherapy. The relationships of PFS and @entity1349 with @entity1349 were analyzed at the individual level. Results. Spearman rank correlation analysis and linear regression analysis showed that @entity1349 was strongly correlated with @entity1349 (r = 0.90, p < 0.05, and R (2) = 0.71) and PFS was moderately correlated with @entity1349 (r = 0.72, p < 0.05, and R (2) = 0.62). Type of relapse (refractory/sensitive) and the number of regimens administered after disease progression after the first-line chemotherapy were both significantly associated with @entity1349 (p < 0.05). Conclusions. @entity1349 has a stronger relationship with @entity1349 than does PFS in ED- @entity151 @entity1 who have received first-line chemotherapy. These results suggest that treatments administered after first-line chemotherapy affect the @entity1349 of ED- @entity151 @entity1 treated with @entity3003 plus @entity2879 .

title: Clinical Significance of the Relationship between Progression-Free Survival or Postprogression Survival and Overall Survival in XXXX with @entity151 Treated with @entity3003 plus @entity2879 .

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'PPS', 'overall survival', 'postprogression survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: to describe the technical, diagnostic and logistical problems encountered in a @entity1163 and falls clinic in a district general hospital. METHODS: we have reviewed 157 consecutive @entity1 and the problems encountered in their assessment at the clinic. RESULTS: 143 @entity1 (91%) completed assessment, which included head-up tilt and @entity3538 sinus massage. We reached a diagnosis in 75 of these (52%). Difficulties with continuous blood pressure monitoring caused testing to be abandoned in four cases and caused considerable delay (up to 30 min) in 45% of the rest. Eight @entity1 (5%) refused consent for @entity3538 sinus massage and two others had @entity16 . Some @entity1 fulfilled diagnostic criteria on testing but remained asymptomatic, making an attributable diagnosis difficult. This was most noticeable with vasodepressor @entity3538 sinus @entity56 . The limited facilities in a district general hospital and the time-consuming nature of the testing resulted in a considerable delay between referral and assessment (58 days +/- 25.9), which may adversely affect diagnostic yield. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1163 clinics have a role in the assessment of elderly @entity1 with recurrent @entity1163 and unexplained falls. Enthusiasm for this approach has to be tempered with an awareness of the limitations of the tests involved and an appreciation of the logistical problems likely to be encountered in a district hospital.

title: A diagnostic service for eliciting XXXX sinus @entity56 in a district general hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity3538 :: (MESH:D002341,Disease) :: ['carotid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the pattern of blood stream @entity281 (BSI) in @entity1 in intensive care units (ICUs) can help determine antibiotic prescribing policy and @entity281 control procedures. However, there have been few pediatric-based studies. METHODS: Surveillance of BSI in a pediatric ICU for 3 years, amounting to 131 episodes of significant @entity2259 and @entity12045 . RESULTS: The incidence of BSI was 39.0 per 1,000 admissions (10.6 per 1,000 bed days). Eighty-four (64.1%) episodes were ICU-acquired, and 27 (20.6%) were community-acquired. Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria accounted for 62.2, 30.8 and 1.4%, respectively, of the 143 microorganisms isolated, 5.6% were @entity375 . @entity3631 was the most common species in @entity5046 , and staphylococci predominated in hospital-acquired episodes. Eighty-seven percent of @entity1 had significant underlying disease, including 60.3% with congenitally acquired conditions. Intravascular devices were the most common source of @entity281 , accounting for 41.2% of all episodes. The crude mortality in @entity1 with BSI was 26.5%, compared with 8.1% in those without BSI. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of BSI in ICUs is partly determined by the type of @entity1 treated. However, some observations are generally applicable, notably the increasing importance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are often of low virulence and device-associated. Our experience suggests that universal use of broad spectrum empiric antibiotics to cover these pathogens (which risks further promoting antibiotic resistance) may not improve @entity1 outcome. Our study provides a basis for other pediatric ICUs to evaluate their rates and outcomes of BSI.

title: Three-year survey of XXXX and @entity12045 in a pediatric intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5046 :: ('MESH:D017714', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: The authors developed a preputial skin flap technique to correct the @entity17904 which was simple and practical. This simple procedure can be applied to most @entity1 with @entity17904 . In the last 3 years, we have seen 12 @entity1 with @entity17904 and have been treated by using preputial flaps. The mean age is about 5.1 (from 3 to 12). By making a longitudinal incision on the ventral side of penis, the tightness of the foreskin is released and leave a @entity11710 -shaped skin defect. It allows the penile shaft to extend out. A circumferential incision is made about 5 mm proximal to the coronal sulcus. Pedicled preputial flaps are obtained leaving optimal penile skin on the dorsal side. The preputial skin flaps are rotated onto the ventral side and tailored to cover the defect. All @entity1 are followed for at least 3 months. @entity4 and @entity4 on the flaps are common, but improves with time. None of our @entity1 need a second operation. The preputial flaps technique is a simple technique which allows surgeons to deal with most cases of @entity17904 by tailoring the flaps providing good cosmetic and functional results.

title: Preputial flaps to correct XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity17904 :: ('MESH:D010409', 'Disease') :: ['buried penis']

answer: @entity17904 :: (MESH:D010409,Disease) :: ['buried penis']


abstract: Molecular signaling events regulate cellular activity. @entity5 stimulating signals trigger cellular responses that evade the regulatory control of cell development. To understand the mechanism of signaling regulation in @entity5 , it is necessary to identify the activated pathways in @entity5 . We have developed RepairPATH, a computational algorithm that explores the activated signaling pathways in @entity5 . The RepairPATH integrates RepairNET, an assembled protein interaction network associated with DNA damage response, with the gene expression profiles derived from the microarray data. Based on the observation that cofunctional proteins often exhibit correlated gene expression profiles, it identifies the activated signaling pathways in @entity5 by systematically searching the RepairNET for proteins with significantly correlated gene expression profiles. Analyzing the gene expression profiles of @entity0 , we found distinct similarities and differences in the activated signaling pathways between the samples from the @entity1 who developed @entity3 and the samples from the @entity1 who were disease free within 5 years. The cellular pathways associated with the various DNA repair mechanisms and the cell-cycle checkpoint controls are found to be activated in both sample groups. One of the most intriguing findings is that the pathways associated with different cellular processes are functionally coordinated through @entity5345 in the disease-free sample group, whereas such functional coordination is absent in the samples from @entity1 who developed @entity3 . Our analysis revealed the potential cellular pathways that regulate the signaling events in @entity0 .

title: Computational exploration of the activated pathways associated with DNA damage response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Case 1 was a 62-year-old @entity1 who had performance status (PS) of 1 and stage IIIB @entity2220 . Because he showed @entity74 after induction chemoradiotherapy, he started to receive best supportive care alone. Three months after initial diagnosis, he complained of @entity490 . As a result of computed tomography of the abdomen. He was diagnosed with @entity490 probably caused by ileal perforation. An operation was undertaken and the surgical findings showed perforation by small intestine @entity3 from @entity2220 . After the operation, he survived more than ten months. Case 2 was a 54-year-old @entity1 who had a PS of 3 and stage @entity152 . After chemotherapy and sequential cranial radiotherapy, he developed @entity417 of unknown cause. He also complained of an @entity490 during hospitalization and digestive tract perforation was diagnosed by a CT scan of the abdomen. He underwent surgery and the surgical findings showed a @entity3 of @entity152 in the small intestine. He died in a hospice two months after the operation. In the Japanese literature from 1983 to 2006. 48 operated cases with perforation caused by small intestine @entity3 of @entity2 have been reported in full-length papers. Although the postoperative median survival time was 48 days, only one surgery-related @entity204 occurred. @entity1 who had a history of prior @entity5 treatment before surgery tended to achieve more prolonged survival compared to those who had not @entity5 treatment, probably due to poor PS. The preoperative PS may be one important prognostic factor in these @entity1 .

title: [Perforation of the small intestine caused by @entity3 from primary XXXX : report of two cases and the discussion of 48 cases published in the Japanese literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma', 'IV large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: There are now several acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in clinical use for the treatment of @entity195 , however, no systematic comparative studies of their central and peripheral cholinergic mediated effects in @entity35 appear to have been reported. The present study investigated the dose-response characteristics of @entity8124 , @entity2445 , @entity11544 and @entity11546 in inducing @entity400 , lacrimation, salivation and @entity2332 and the duration of action of these compounds in Lister hooded @entity35 . Data obtained were compared with the clinical observations on these drugs. Three doses of each compound were given orally to establish a dose-response curve for each behaviour, @entity400 and lacrimation were scored, salivation was measured by weighing swabs applied to the mouth area and @entity2332 was measured with a rectal probe. ED50 values were calculated for @entity400 . Using a just sub-maximal tremorigenic dose, the duration of response was examined. All four compounds produced dose-dependent increases in @entity400 and @entity2332 . Only @entity2445 also produced marked salivation and lacrimation. The order of potency (ED50 value in micromol/kg) was @entity11544 (3.7), @entity8124 (18.0), @entity2445 (37.5), @entity11546 (470). @entity400 following @entity2445 (150 micromol/kg) and @entity8124 (20 micromol/kg) was prolonged (> 6 h) with a similar hypothermic response. The duration of these responses following @entity11546 (777 micromol/kg) and @entity11544 (12.5 micromol/kg) did not exceed 3 h. @entity2445 had poor selectivity for central ( @entity400 ) versus peripheral (salivation/lacrimation) effects compared to the other compounds. @entity8124 also had a sustained duration of action. The data are consistent with clinical results and indicate that simple in-vivo models may assist in the selection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with a suitable response profile for use in the symptomatic treatment of @entity195 .

title: Comparison of @entity8124 -, @entity2445 -, @entity11544 - and XXXX -induced central and peripheral cholinergically mediated responses in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity11546 :: ('MESH:D014236', 'Chemical') :: ['metrifonate']

entities_list: @entity2445 :: ('MESH:D013619', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrine', 'Tacrine']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil', 'Donepezil']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity11546 :: (MESH:D014236,Chemical) :: ['metrifonate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the distribution of lower extremity @entity130 and their associated factors. DESIGN: Descriptive and exploratory study. @entity1 : 1004 @entity1 of the 2005 ING Taipei International Marathon. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We used a self-developed questionnaire to collect data of previous @entity130 and applied multivariate logistic regression modeling to examine relationships between these @entity130 and associated factors. RESULTS: Of the 893 valid questionnaires, 396 (44.4%) reported having previous lower @entity158 related to running. Knee joint @entity158 was the most common problem (32.5%). @entity158 was associated with the racing group, training duration, and medial arch support. Use of knee orthotics (P = 0.002) and ankle braces (P = 0.007) was related to a higher rate of knee and @entity158 . @entity1 of the full marathon group who practiced on a synthetic track had a higher incidence of @entity158 . A training duration of >60 min was linked to an increased rate of foot @entity158 (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that @entity130 were associated with training duration and use of orthotics. Clinicians can use this information in treating or preventing running associated @entity130 and @entity158 .

title: Running XXXX and associated factors in @entity1 of ING Taipei Marathon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Hip pain', 'pain', 'extremity pain', 'ankle pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'running injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: Neuroimaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using the cerebral blood flow tracer 99Tc(m)-HMPAO has been used to study acute functional alterations after @entity542 and @entity854 at six month follow up in 32 @entity1 . Comparison has been made with anatomical abnormalities defined acutely with CT and on follow up with MRI. SPECT showed slightly more abnormalities than CT in the acute phase (49 regions of abnormally low tracer uptake on SPECT and 45 lesions on CT). Twenty two of the @entity697 were in normal regions on CT. At follow up MRI showed more abnormalities than SPECT (30 on SPECT and 48 on MRI). Ten of the SPECT deficits were in regions with normal MRI. Comparison of the intensity of late and early SPECT deficits showed that only four early deficits deteriorated whereas 28 improved. Only five of 27 lesions seen on both acute SPECT and CT resolved compared with 16 of 22 lesions seen on SPECT but not on CT. Regions of abnormally high tracer uptake were detected in the acute stage in five of the @entity1 . No high focal uptake was evident on follow up. Ten @entity1 with a residual SPECT abnormality and eight with residual MRI lesions were graded clinically in the upper band of good recovery.

title: SPECT, CT, and MRI in XXXX : acute abnormalities followed up at six months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['residual abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute SPECT abnormalities']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: Clinical manifestation and immunoserological features of @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) were analyzed in this paper in 107 @entity1 with @entity2597 . In the group of @entity1 with confirmed @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were positive in 43/93 (46.23%), while in 50/93 (53.76%) they were negative. Among aPL positive @entity1 , 33/43 (76.74%) had clinical manifestations of @entity1701 , while 10 @entity1 (23.26%) were without any clinical manifestations. The most frequent manifestations of @entity1701 associated with @entity1252 were: arteriovenous @entity715 in 20/43 (46.51%), thrombocitopenia in 15/43 (34.88%) and @entity5506 in 7/43 (16.27%). In our @entity1 , rare manifestations of @entity1701 associated with @entity1252 were recurrent fetal loss (1 case), @entity12288 (1 case), transversal @entity4685 (2 cases), @entity16 (2 cases) and @entity884 (Libman-Sacks) (5 cases). Among 7 @entity1 , with Sj  gren's syndrome, clinically manifested @entity1701 was observed in 2, while in other 5 only increased aPL levels were found, as well as in @entity1 with systemic @entity1333 -3, MCTD-2 and Sy. Sj  gren with @entity1333 -1. One @entity309 @entity1 had @entity715 of v. cava inferior. In majority of @entity1 with clinically present @entity1701 the levels of both examined immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG + IgM) were decreased-21/40 or 52.5%, while isolated increase of IgG was found in 14 (35%) and isolated increase of IgM in 5 (19.22%) @entity1 . In three out of five @entity1 with Libman-Sacks only LA test was positive. This investigation have shown that arterial and @entity1150 are the most common manifestations of @entity1701 in @entity1252 . Every blood vessel may be involved (from arteriolae to the aorta and from postcapilar venules to the v. cava).

title: XXXX in @entity2597 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['systemic connective tissue diseases']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['secondary antiphospholipid syndrome', 'SAPS']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic endocarditis']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['Antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) is characterised by the t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) which results in the formation of the BCR/ @entity1861 fusion gene. Occasionally, the t(9;22) may be associated with submicroscopic deletions of chromosomes 9 and/or 22 which appear to be associated with a worse prognosis. Three or four-way variant t(9;22) may also occur. All these changes as well as gain of the Philadelphia chromosome which represents disease progression can be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. FISH analysis at presentation is used to determine the number of cells with BCR/ @entity1861 fusion and establish whether the patterns are typical or atypical. Response to therapy can then be monitored by serial testing. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group consisted of all @entity1 diagnosed or suspected to have @entity1860 who had interphase FISH analysis at presentation on peripheral blood/bone marrow using a commercially available BCR/ @entity1861 dual colour, dual fusion probe. The study was performed at a tertiary hospital in India between 2004 and 2010. RESULTS: There were 1076 diagnostic samples which were positive for @entity36831 fusion. Typical dual fusion signals (two fusions, one red and one green, 2F1R1G) were seen in 801 cases (74 %). Atypical signal patterns were seen in 275 cases (26%). These were: 1F1R2G (4%), 1F2R1G (2.5%) and 1F1R1G (11%) representing deletions of the derivative 9 involving chromosome 9 sequences, chromosome 22 sequences, or both respectively; 3F1R1G (6.5%) usually representing gain of an additional Philadelphia chromosome and 1F2R2G (1%) representing a three- or four-way variant translocation. More than one signal pattern was seen in 1%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings were similar to the literature with respect to the distribution of signal patterns except that we had a lower number of @entity1 with variant translocations. While each signal pattern is typically associated with a particular abnormality, there can be more than one explanation for each pattern. Hence, metaphase FISH analysis is the "gold standard" for the interpretation of signal patterns.

title: Fluorescence in situ hybridization patterns of BCR/ XXXX fusion in chronic myelogenous leukemia at diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1861 :: (25,Gene) :: ['ABL1']