abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe the @entity18497 -enhanced MRI appearances of @entity201 , and evaluate the relative signal intensities (RSIs) changes of major abdominal organs, and investigate the effect of total @entity648 (TB) levels on the RSI. METHODS: 25 @entity1 with pathologically-proven @entity201 underwent @entity18497 -enhanced MRI. The visualization of the biliary system during biliary phase (BP) was observed. RSIs of the abdominal aorta (A), portal vein (V), liver (L), and spleen (S) were measured. RESULTS: On @entity157 ( @entity157 ), exophytic @entity5 (n =10) and infiltrative @entity5 (n =10) were hypointense, polypoid @entity5 (n   =   2) were hypointense, and combined @entity5 (n   =   3) had mixed appearances. While @entity1 with normal TB levels ( <=22  mol/L, n   =   12) had clear visualization of the biliary tree during BP, those with elevated TB levels (>22  mol/L, n   =   13) had obscured or no visualization. In addition, @entity1 with normal TB levels had higher RSIA, RSIV and RSIS than those with elevated TB levels on all dynamic phases (P <0.001), and lower RSIA, RSIV and RSIS on @entity157 and BP (P <0.001). @entity1 with normal TB levels had higher RSIL than those with elevated TB levels on all phases (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: RSIs of major abdominal organs reflected underlying biliary function. @entity201 @entity1 with elevated TB levels had delayed excretion of @entity18497 compared with @entity1 with normal TB levels.

title: @entity201 : spectrum of appearances on XXXX -enhanced MR imaging and the effect of biliary function on signal intensity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular phase', 'HP']

answer: @entity18497 :: (MESH:C073590,Chemical) :: ['Gd-EOB-DTPA']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity130 in northern New York City before and after the distribution of 25,000 baseball bats at Yankee Stadium. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter study, including ten days before and ten days after Bat Day (June 3, 1990). SETTING: Ten emergency departments in the Bronx and northern Manhattan. TYPE OF @entity1 : All @entity1 presenting to the ED with baseball bat injuries. INTERVENTIONS: Each hospital collected the following data for each subject: date and time of injury, @entity1 's age and sex, extent of injury, whether a Yankee bat was used, presence of @entity909 , results of computed tomography scan of the brain (if performed), history source, and disposition of the @entity1 . Average daily atmospheric temperature was recorded for each day of the study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 sustained bat injuries, 38 (49%) before and 36 (47%) after Bat Day. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age, sex, time of injury, number and distribution of @entity174 and lacerations, incidence of @entity909 , source of history, or dispostion. There was a positive association between the number of cases on a given day and the average temperature that day (r = .5; P < .01). CONCLUSION: The distribution of 25,000 wooden baseball bats to attendees at Yankee Stadium did not increase the incidence of bat-related @entity130 in the Bronx and northern Manhattan. There was a positive correlation between daily temperature and the incidence of @entity130 . The informal but common impressions of emergency clinicians about the cause-and-effect relationship between Bat Day and bat @entity130 were unfounded.

title: Impact of Yankee Stadium Bat Day on XXXX in northern New York City.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANT', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma', 'bat injury']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy is a well-accepted procedure for @entity5 . Its safety and feasibility have been proven. However many doctors have not used this procedure due to the @entity130 involved. OBJECTIVE: We present our experience of six cases of distal @entity788 where we managed to preserve the spleen during distal pancreatectomy in an emergency procedure. DESIGN: Prospective analysis of the data. @entity1 : @entity1 with distal @entity788 admitted to the Department of Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh between July 2001 and June 2005. INTERVENTION: A spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed by preserving the splenic vessels to maintain a reliable splenic blood flow. @entity1 who were unstable after adequate resuscitation were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The preoperative characteristics, intraoperative findings and postoperative complications with follow-up were studied. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were found suitable for spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy based on their general condition and a preoperative spleen CECT. Five @entity1 had been injured in car accidents and one @entity1 had sustained a @entity130 . The average duration of the surgery was 4.75+/-0.25 hours. All @entity1 had associated @entity130 which was repaired along with the spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy. The most common post-operative complication was fever with basal atelectasis. One @entity1 died postoperatively from hemodynamic instability. The other five @entity1 are doing well and have not developed @entity3210 . CONCLUSION: Although technically demanding, a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy can be performed safely in an emergency, and it avoids splenectomy-related problems in the post-operative period.

title: Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy for XXXX : a series of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors of the distal pancreas']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic endocrine insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hollow viscus injury', 'stab injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Early detection of @entity263 has been recommended for @entity1 with affected first-degree relatives despite the lack of evidence for mortality reduction. We therefore evaluated the impact of family history in the Finnish @entity263 screening trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: Approximately 80,000 @entity1 were identified from the population register for the first screening round. Of the 32,000 @entity1 randomized to the screening arm, 30,403 were eligible at the time of invitation. A blood sample was drawn from the @entity1 (n = 20,716), and serum @entity1486 was determined. @entity1 with a @entity1486 level > or = 4.0 ng/mL were referred for prostate biopsy. Information on family history was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire at baseline. RESULTS: A total of 964 (5%) of the 20,716 screening @entity1 had a positive family history, and 105 (11%) were screening-positive. Twenty-nine @entity5 were diagnosed, corresponding to a detection rate of 3.0% (29 of 964) and a positive predictive value of 28% (29 of 105). Of the 19,347 @entity1 without a family history, 1,487 (8%) had a @entity1486 level > or = 4.0 ng/mL. The detection rate was 2.4% (462 of 19,347) and the positive predictive value was 31% (462 of 1,487). The risk associated with a positive family history was not substantially increased (rate ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.8). The results were not affected by the age of the screenee or age at diagnosis of the affected relative. The program sensitivity was 6% (29 of 491) (ie, selective screening policy would have missed 94% of @entity5 in the population). No differences were seen in the characteristics of screen-detected @entity5 by family history. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide no support for selective screening among @entity1 with affected relatives.

title: Family history and @entity263 screening with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: Thirty-six @entity1 with extrahepatic @entity6315 (EHO) were studied. Twenty-one @entity1 , whose age at onset was under 20 years old, were thought to be primary EHO. Ten of 15 @entity1 over 21 years old, had a history of @entity1625 , and were thus considered to be secondary EHO; only 5 were primary EHO. EHO was classified into three categories, based on selective celiac-superior mesenteric arteriography, and intraoperative trans-splenic and superior mesenteric venography: the hilar obstruction of portal vein, the portal trunk obstruction, and the portal trunk- @entity3885 . Both primary and secondary EHO cases were found to have extended their obstructed region over time by progressing from hepatic hilum to portal trunk obstruction followed by @entity3885 . On the other hand, based on retrograde portography, EHO was classified into the absence of @entity9744 (portal trunk type) and the @entity9744 (portal branch type) and the portal branch type tended to predominate. Changes of intra- and extra-hepatic @entity3885 were examined by comparing various angiographies of the 14 @entity1 available for between 1 and 26 years of long-term follow-up. While EHO tended to progress with time, no @entity1 showed progress of a intrahepatic @entity6315 . From these results, EHO @entity1 are expected to show continuous progression of EHOs during long-term follow-ups, and to have high recurrence rates of @entity344 after various treatments due to the persistent portal @entity101 . However, effective hepatic flow is likely to be maintained because collateral circulation to the liver develops, and intrahepatic @entity6315 does not progress, resulting in a good prognosis for EHO.

title: Hemodynamics in extrahepatic XXXX and its changes during long-term follow-ups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['portal obstruction', 'splenic vein obstruction']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal varices']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic portal obstruction', 'intrahepatic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein obstruction']

answer: @entity6315 :: (MESH:C563407,Disease) :: ['portal vein obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5825 ( @entity5825 ) is a common pediatric illness. Mainly induced by the Enterovirus 71 and @entity14590 16 @entity281 , the frequently occurred @entity5825 outbreaks have become a serious public health problem in Southeast Asia. Currently,only a few studies have investigated the @entity1 immunity to @entity5825 in China. In this study, we conducted a cohort study in Guangdong province, China. METHODS: Stored serum samples from @entity1 less than 10 years old were analyzed. The levels of EV71 and CA16 specific antibodies before, during and shortly after the 2008 large outbreak of @entity5825 were evaluated by the microneutralization test. The geometric mean titer (GMT) was calculated and compared. Statistical significance was taken as P   <   0.05. RESULTS: The seroprevalence data showed a continuous circulation of EV71 and CA16 in Guangdong province China in 2007-2009. The low positive rate in 2009 correlated well with the unprecedented outbreak of @entity5825 in 2010. Age related increase of seroprevalence was identified in 1-3 years old @entity1 for EV71 and in 1-5 years old @entity1 for CA16 in Guangdong province. High GMT of EV71 and CA16 antibody titers were also found for these age groups. CONCLUSIONS: All of the above findings indicated common @entity281 for these age groups. And they should clearly be at the top of the priority in periodical seroprevalence survey and future vaccination campaign.

title: Seroepidemiology of @entity1 enterovirus71 and coxsackievirusA16 among XXXX in Guangdong province, China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5825 :: ('MESH:D006232', 'Disease') :: ['HFMD', 'Hand, foot and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity14590 :: ('138948', 'Species') :: ['Coxsackievirus A']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Recent scientific data support an effect of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) on @entity158 and @entity10 . BoNT was shown to affect the release of neurotransmitters that are important in @entity158 transmission and in @entity2704 pathogenesis. Data from both animal and clinical studies suggest that the toxin may have an analgesic effect that is independent from its effect on muscle tone. The high tolerability and long duration of action of the drug make it appealing as a potential prophylactic treatment for @entity10 @entity1 . Results of controlled trials on the efficacy of BoNT in the treatment of @entity2704 ( @entity2704 ) are mostly negative, although some subgroups of @entity1 (eg, those with high attack frequency) may respond to the drug. Studies of @entity1 with chronic @entity2794 have been inconclusive, although (as with the @entity2704 studies) specific subgroups of @entity1 appear to benefit from the drug. BoNT is probably ineffective for the treatment of chronic @entity2701 . There are anecdotal reports on a positive effect of BoNT in @entity1 with other types of @entity10 (eg, nummular @entity10 ). Factors that may affect the response of @entity1 to BoNT include @entity10 characteristics, disease duration, the use of concurrent preventive medications, and the presence or absence of medication overuse. The authors' clinical experience shows that some @entity10 @entity1 benefit significantly from BoNT treatment. The challenge for future studies is to identify those @entity1 who will best respond to the drug.

title: Is botulinum toxin useful in treating XXXX ? Yes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'episodic migraine', 'EM']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['daily headache']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Algorithms leveraging electronic data may reduce manual review burden for @entity281 ( @entity281 ) surveillance with little to no reduction in sensitivity. We developed an algorithm to identify colon and open @entity174 (FX) SSIs to reduce manual chart review. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of colon and FX procedures and associated SSIs was constructed. Potential SSIs were identified by positive microbiologic cultures or administrative data for diagnosis or treatment of wound @entity281 . Sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm were assessed. The number of charts needing review to identify 1 @entity281 , and the potential time-savings from the algorithm, were calculated. RESULTS: Four hundred seventy-three colon ( @entity281 rate = 7%) and 1081 FX ( @entity281 rate = 3%) procedures were identified. The algorithm was 91% and 97% sensitive and 76% and 93% specific for colon and FX procedures, respectively. Overall, chart review would have been reduced by 24.3 hours per 100 procedures, decreasing the number of charts to review to identify 1 @entity281 from 23.9 for manual review to 3.9 with the algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: The algorithm identified SSIs with excellent sensitivity and specificity, resulting in substantial reductions in manual chart review. This algorithm could be tailored and applied to other hospitals.

title: Identifying colon and open XXXX surgical site infections using a partially automated electronic algorithm.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['reduction of fracture']


abstract: Classically, as a transcription factor family, the E2Fs are known to regulate the expression of various genes whose products are involved in a multitude of biological functions, many of which are deregulated in diseases including @entity5 . E2F is deregulated and hyperactive in most @entity1 @entity5 with context dependent, dichotomous and contradictory roles in almost all @entity5 . @entity5 cells have an insatiable demand for transcription to ensure that gene products are available to sustain various biological processes that support their rapid growth and survival. In this context, cutting-off hyperactivity of transcription factors that support transcription dependence could be a valuable therapeutic strategy. However, one of the greatest challenges of targeting a transcription factor is the global effects on non-cancerous cells given that they control cellular functions in general. Recently, there is growing realization regarding the possibility to target the oncogenic activation of transcription factors to modulate transcription addiction without affecting the normal activity required for cell functions. In this review, we used @entity16262 as a prototype transcription factor to address transcription factor activity in @entity5 cell functions. We focused on @entity320 considering that @entity16262 executes critical functions in response to UV, an etiological factor of cutaneous @entity320 and lies immediately downstream of the @entity986 / @entity996 axis, which is frequently deregulated in @entity320 . Further, activation of @entity16262 in @entity320 can also occur independent of loss of @entity986 . Given its activated status and the ability to transcriptionally control a plethora of genes involved in regulating @entity320 development and progression, we review the current literature on its differential role in controlling signaling pathways involved in @entity320 as well as therapeutic resistance, and discuss the practical value of weaning @entity320 cells from @entity16262 -mediated transcription dependence for @entity320 management.

title: Transcription addiction: can we garner the Yin and Yang functions of @entity16262 for XXXX therapy?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The model-based dynamic insulin sensitivity and secretion test (DISST) uses fasting @entity413 (G 0 ) as the basal @entity413 (G B ) concentration when assessing insulin sensitivity (SI). However, this model was developed in a healthy, normoglycaemic cohort. We sought to determine the suitability the DISST model has for individuals with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). METHODS: 14 @entity1 with established @entity2175 were recruited to take part in a dietary intervention study. Insulin-modified intravenous @entity413 tolerance tests (IM-IVGTT) were undertaken at week 0, 12 and 24 and were used with DISST model to identify G B . A total of 36 tests were conducted across 12 @entity1 throughout the study. Measured G 0 and identified G B values were compared using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) and signed rank (RS) test for the cohort. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the G 0 and identified G B values in this cohort (prs and pks   <   0.0001), although both values were well correlated (R   =   0.70). The residual plot demonstrates that the modified model captures the behaviour of the @entity1 more accurately than the original model. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis has shown that G B is an important variable for modelling the glycaemic behaviour in @entity2175 . These findings suggest that the original DISST model, while appropriate for normoglycaemic cohorts, needs to model basal @entity413 level as a variable for assessing individuals with established @entity2175 .

title: The necessity of identifying the basal XXXX set-point in the IVGTT for @entity1 with Type 2 Diabetes.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['established type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relationship between the local blood @entity26 level-dependent (BOLD) signals caused by neural stimulation (fBOLD) and the global BOLD signals induced by @entity2944 (hBOLD) has not been fully investigated. In this study, we examine whether fBOLD is modulated by hBOLD signals, by means of experiments using a relatively wide range of inhaled @entity544 ( @entity515 ) for a long duration of 5 minutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers were recruited, each undergoing 6 separate experiments by inhaling gas mixtures with different fractions of @entity515 (room air, 3%-7%). Each experiment contained 3 phases, prehypercapnic, hypercapnic, and posthypercapnic, during which boxcar visual stimulus was given. The local fBOLD signals were measured from areas showing activation patterns highly correlated with the visual stimulus paradigm, whereas the global hBOLD signals were measured from areas showing no visual activations. Percentage changes in fBOLD during transient-state @entity2944 and steady-state @entity2944 were both investigated in response to varying degrees of hypercapnic perturbations. RESULTS: The hBOLD signals increased with increase of inhaled @entity515 fractions. The duration for the hBOLD signals to reach steady state prolonged with increase of inhaled @entity515 fractions. Normalized fBOLD ratio was inversely related to the inhaled @entity515 during steady-state @entity2944 but showed positive association with hBOLD during transient-state @entity2944 . CONCLUSION: Our study concludes that the steady-state fBOLD signal intensity is dependent on and inversely related to the hBOLD signals. Previous reports documenting independent and additive relationships between hBOLD and fBOLD may likely be due to transient-state observations.

title: Are the local blood @entity26 level-dependent (BOLD) signals caused by neural stimulation response dependent on global BOLD signals induced by XXXX in the functional MR imaging experiment? Experiments of long-duration @entity2944 and multilevel @entity544 concentration.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

answer: @entity2944 :: (MESH:D006935,Disease) :: ['hypercapnia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10060 Background: @entity2213 [IM] trials reported survival gains for advanced @entity674 @entity1 compared to historical cohorts. They were not placebo-controlled, limiting evidence about the size of benefit. This information is important to inform @entity1 and to justify funding. METHODS: A population-based study before and after IM introduction in 2000. Baseline characteristics of adult cases of @entity674 (International Classification of Diseases (ICD-O) codes 89361 and 89363) were extracted from the New South Wales Central Cancer Registry (CCR) database for the period 1992-2005. Pathology reports and death registrations were also retrieved. We estimated survival using the Kaplan-Meier method, and we test for the survival difference before and after 2000. Proportional-hazard models were constructed to estimate the survival difference adjusted for known prognostic factors. RESULTS: 511 cases of @entity674 (28% pre-IM, 72% post-IM) were registered at CCR. Those post-IM were more likely to have spindle histology (p<0.0001) and higher mitotic rate (p=0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, @entity5 location and @entity5 size. @entity1 diagnosed post-IM had a significantly longer survival (5-year probability of survival 71% vs 52%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.73). Other univariate predictors were younger age, smaller @entity5 size, lower mitotic rate, spindle histology and @entity66 . Diagnosis in the IM era remained the strongest predictor after adjusting for these predictors (HR 0.36; 95%CI 0.24-0.53). Findings were similar for both the subset of @entity1 with ICD-0 89363 (n=211, HR 0.36; 95%CI 0.23-0.56); and those classified in the highest quartile of risk (n=49,HR 0.20; 95%CI 0.08-0.50). CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study demonstrates a substantial [64%] improvement in survival after 2000. This finding quantifies the effectiveness of introducing IM, in addition to reflecting any other potential improvements in care. Examining temporal trends in survival can provide valuable evidence to help validate findings about molecular-targeted therapies when randomised controlled trials are not feasible.

title: Validating innovation: A population-based study of XXXX ( @entity674 ) to estimate the survival benefit of @entity2213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localised disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['Imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Between 1 January 2001 and 30 June 2003, 31 @entity1 with @entity1171 were primarily treated with an external fixator in our clinic. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such a concept would determine the overall outcome or influence single parameters such as mobility, @entity3986 , @entity158 , @entity625 , and complications. METHODS: Of the 31 @entity1 , 25 aged 18-84 years at the time of the accident were followed up for 6-23 months to assess range of motion, clinical scores, radiological findings, and complications. An @entity130 was present in 23 @entity1 and 3 were open injuries of second to third degree. Between two and five operations were necessary 4-27 days after @entity130 . The duration of primary hospital care required ranged from 10 to 43 days. RESULTS: The Olerud and Molander score (9 criteria with 100 max points) was 80 points at the follow-up investigation (rated "good"). "Excellent" results (>90 points) were observed in four cases. In the range of motion there was only an average @entity393 .4 degrees compared to the healthy side in the @entity1 followed up. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment result in the study population was compared to the results of prospective studies investigating dislocated @entity1171 as well as with our own random sample (n=7) of @entity1 with secondarily treated @entity1171 that were initially treated with a cast. Initial external fixation seems to be justified and leads to acceptable results. The main functional lesions are not correlated to the specific treatment selected.

title: [Treatment results after primary management of severely XXXX with external fixation and subsequent internal osteosynthesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['dislocated ankle fractures', 'ankle joint fractures']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss in plantar flexion of 12']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['isolated injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['dislocated ankle fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity786 and glucocorticoids leads to remission in most patients with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides. However, even when @entity1 receive maintenance treatment with @entity500 or @entity1499 , the relapse rate remains high. Rituximab may help to maintain remission. METHODS: @entity1 with newly diagnosed or relapsing @entity2883 with @entity2883 , @entity6129 , or renal-limited @entity19417 in complete remission after a @entity786 -glucocorticoid regimen were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg of rituximab on days 0 and 14 and at months 6, 12, and 18 after study entry or daily @entity500 until month 22. The primary end point at month 28 was the rate of major relapse (the reappearance of disease activity or worsening, with a Birmingham @entity1333 Activity Score >0, and involvement of one or more major organs, disease-related life-threatening events, or both). RESULTS: The 115 enrolled @entity1 (87 with @entity2883 with @entity2883 , 23 with @entity6129 , and 5 with renal-limited @entity19417 ) received @entity500 (58 @entity1 ) or rituximab (57 @entity1 ). At month 28, major relapse had occurred in 17 @entity1 in the @entity500 group (29%) and in 3 @entity1 in the rituximab group (5%) (hazard ratio for relapse, 6.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.56 to 27.96; P=0.002). The frequencies of severe adverse events were similar in the two groups. Twenty-five @entity1 in each group (P=0.92) had severe adverse events; there were 44 events in the @entity500 group and 45 in the rituximab group. Eight @entity1 in the @entity500 group and 11 in the rituximab group had severe @entity281 , and @entity5 developed in 2 @entity1 in the @entity500 group and 1 in the rituximab group. Two @entity1 in the @entity500 group died (1 from sepsis and 1 from @entity788 ). CONCLUSIONS: More @entity1 with @entity19417 had sustained remission at month 28 with rituximab than with @entity500 . (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; MAINRITSAN ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00748644; EudraCT number, 2008-002846-51.).

title: Rituximab versus @entity500 for maintenance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity6129 :: ('MESH:D055953', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-associated vasculitis', 'ANCA-associated vasculitides']

answer: @entity19417 :: (MESH:D056648,Disease) :: ['ANCA-associated vasculitis']


abstract: We examined the effects of the antioxidant propolis on @entity410 induced by @entity4176 (KA). @entity35 received propolis (75 and 150 mg/kg, p.o.) five times at 12 h intervals. KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 1 h after the last propolis treatment. Pretreatment with propolis significantly attenuated KA-induced @entity410 and KA-induced increases in hippocampal AP-1 DNA binding activity in a dose-dependent manner. KA induced increases in the levels of @entity1234 and protein @entity6738 , and a decrease in the ratio of @entity2197 / @entity9492 . These oxidative stresses and @entity528 were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with propolis. The neuroprotective effects of propolis appeared to be counteracted by @entity859 receptor antagonists [A1 antagonist, @entity37508 (25 or 50 microg/kg); A2A antagonist, @entity49391 (0.5 or 1 mg/kg); and A2B antagonist, @entity21171 (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg)]. However, this counteraction was most pronounced in the presence of the A1 antagonist. Our results suggest that the protective effect of propolis against KA-induced @entity2359 oxidative damage is, at least in part, via @entity859 A1 receptor modulation.

title: Antioxidant propolis attenuates @entity4176 -induced XXXX via @entity859 A1 receptor modulation in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity49391 :: ('MESH:C081320', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(3-chlorostyryl)xanthine']

entities_list: @entity21171 :: ('MESH:C008173', 'Chemical') :: ['alloxazine']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity37508 :: ('MESH:C053907', 'Chemical') :: ['8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degenerations']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity32 plays an important role in the microenvironment of @entity2 . The present study aimed to evaluate the association of inflammatory biomarker networks with chemotherapies for @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: The sera of healthy non-smokers (n   =   14) and @entity1 with @entity1149 (n   =   50), 36 with @entity420 and 14 with @entity957 , were collected. Healthy @entity1 were untreated, while those with @entity1149 were either chemotherapy-na  ve or had received one and two courses of chemotherapy. The cytokine concentrations were measured using multiplexed cytokine immunoassays. The clinical informatics was scored with a Digital Evaluation Score System (DESS) to assess the severity of the @entity1 . All @entity1 completed follow-up for up to 2 years. RESULTS: Among the 40 mediators measured, 13 significantly differed between @entity1 with @entity2 and healthy controls, while 18 differed between untreated @entity1 and those with stage IV @entity420 who had undergone the first and second chemotherapy courses. The protein network of cytokines in @entity1149 after multiple courses of chemotherapy was similar to that of normal @entity1 . @entity16365 is the most crucial biomarker for predicting survival rates in @entity1149 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data identify an @entity1149 -specific profile of inflammatory mediators that may be useful for @entity5 sub-classification, as well as the evaluation of therapeutic effects and overall survival.

title: Serum chemokine network correlates with chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how cognitive function and divided attention affect gait in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional intervention study with subjects serving as their own controls. SETTING: Inpatient unit and outpatient clinic for @entity1 with @entity303 located at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. @entity1 : Twenty-eight @entity1 diagnosed with probable @entity195 . INTERVENTION: Performance of a cognitive task (repeating random digits) while walking. MEASUREMENTS: Neuropsychological measures including clock drawing, verbal fluency, and digit span were obtained along with the Clinical @entity303 Rating and Mini-Mental State Examination, the measures of @entity303 severity. Gait speed and stride-to-stride variability of gait rhythm were measured, once during normal walking and once during dual-task walking. RESULTS: During usual walking, subjects walked slowly and with greater gait variability than older adults without @entity195 . Gait speed was significantly reduced (P<.012) and gait variability increased with dual-task walking (P<.007). The effect on gait variability was larger than the effect on gait speed (P<.015). Executive and neuropsychological function were significantly (P<.02) associated with the increased gait variability that occurred when walking with divided attention but not with gait speed or usual, single-task walking measures of gait. CONCLUSION: Divided attention markedly impairs the ability of @entity1 with @entity195 to regulate the stride-to-stride variations in gait timing. This susceptibility to distraction and its effect on stride time variability, a measure of gait unsteadiness, could partially explain the predilection to falling observed in @entity1 with @entity303 . The results also support the concept that @entity1 with @entity195 have significant impairments in the cognitive domain of attention and that locomotor function relies upon cognitive, especially executive, function.

title: Influence of executive function on locomotor function: divided attention increases gait variability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the net effects on risk factors for type 2 @entity6 and @entity65 of a community-based 3-year intervention to increase physical activity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A pseudo-experimental cohort design was used to compare changes in risk factors from an intervention and a control district with similar socioeconomic status in Oslo, Norway, using a baseline investigation of 2,950 30- to 67-year-old @entity1 and a follow-up investigation of 1,776 (67% of those eligible, 56% @entity1 , 18% non-Western immigrants) @entity1 . A set of theory-based activities to promote physical activity were implemented and tailored toward groups with different psychosocial readiness for change. All results reported are net changes (the difference between changes in the intervention and control districts). At both surveys, the nonfasting serum levels of lipids and @entity413 were adjusted for time since last meal. RESULTS: The increase in physical activity measured by two self-reported questionnaires was 9.5% (P = 0.008) and 8.1% (P = 0.02), respectively. The proportion who increased their body mass was 14.2% lower in the intervention district (P < 0.001), implying a 50% relative reduction compared with the control district, and was lower across subgroups. Beneficial effects were seen for @entity412 levels (0.16 mmol/l [95% CI 0.06-0.25], P = 0.002), @entity165 -to-HDL @entity165 ratio (0.12 [0.03-0.20], P = 0.007), systolic blood pressure (3.6 mmHg [2.2-4.8], P < 0.001), and for @entity1 also in @entity413 levels (0.35 mmol/l [0.03-0.67], P = 0.03). The net proportion who were quitting smoking was 2.9% (0.1-5.7, P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Through a theory-driven, low-cost, population-based intervention program, we observed an increase in physical activity levels, reduced @entity1017 , and beneficial changes in other risk factors for type 2 @entity6 and @entity65 .

title: Promoting physical activity in a low-income multiethnic district: effects of a community intervention study to reduce risk factors for type 2 XXXX and @entity65 : a community intervention reducing inactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Eosinophils are variably present in biopsy specimens of @entity738 annulare (GA). A retrospective study of 77 biopsy specimens from 73 @entity1 with GA was performed to quantitate eosinophils and correlate the findings with both histologic and clinical features. Specimens were divided into absent, low (10 > x > or = 1 eosinophils per 3 sections), and high (x > or = 10 eosinophils per 3 sections) eosinophil groups and evaluated for eight histologic and 11 clinical features. Eosinophils were identified in 66% (51/77) of biopsy specimens, with 51.9% (40/77) and 14.3% (11/77) in the low and high eosinophil groups, respectively. Clinically, @entity1 in the high eosinophil group were found to be significantly younger with a propensity towards nonannular, localized disease. These @entity1 also did not have @entity6 or use systemic medications. Histologically, the presence of eosinophils was strongly associated with palisaded architectural pattern and the presence of @entity16925 . Eosinophils were not present in areas of @entity16925 but were found predominantly perivascularly. A moderate to marked lymphocytic infiltrate at the periphery of the @entity738 and reactive vessel changes were common in all three groups, but @entity1333 was not identified. In summary, this study showed eosinophils to be commonly present in GA but was unable to correlate their presence with specific clinical or histologic features supportive of an allergic precipitant. A cell-mediated immune mechanism is likely involved in GA, with eosinophils recruited nonspecifically by mediators released during @entity738 formation.

title: Eosinophils are not a clue to the pathogenesis of XXXX annulare.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity16925 :: ('MESH:D017441', 'Disease') :: ['necrobiosis']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery for @entity344 was introduced in 1991. Early safety, efficacy, and 5-10-year durability have been amply documented, but long-term @entity1 outcomes have been criticized. This study presents 20-year outcomes after @entity11035 ( @entity11035 ) in a consecutive @entity1 cohort. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent primary @entity11035 procedures for @entity354 ( @entity354 ) were identified from a prospectively collected IRB-approved database (1991-1995). A phone symptom questionnaire was administered using a 5-point validated @entity354 scoring system (heartburn, regurgitation, and @entity1282 ). Symptomatic success was defined by a lack of surgical re-intervention and a low symptom score. RESULTS: One-hundred and ninety-three @entity1 were identified during the time period. Fifty-one @entity1 completed the survey (100 lost to follow-up, 40 deceased, 2 declined to answer). Respondents had a median follow-up of 19.7  years. Overall, 38/51 (74.5  %) of @entity1 reported complete control of heartburn and regurgitation. Ten @entity1 reported only occasional heartburn. Eight of fifty-one (16  %) reported daily @entity1282 , and 22/51 (43  %) of respondents were using proton pump inhibitors at the time of telephone interview. Nine of fifty-one (18  %) underwent revision of the original surgery which did not negatively impact the satisfaction rating, with 8/9 (89  %) of these @entity1 reporting the highest satisfaction rating. Overall, 46/51 (90  %) were satisfied with their choice of surgery. CONCLUSION: Long-term results from the early experience with @entity11035 are excellent with 94  % of @entity1 reporting only occasional or fewer reflux symptoms at 20-year follow-up. However, 18  % required surgical revision surgery to maintain their results. There is a relatively high rate of daily @entity1282 but 90  % of @entity1 are happy to have had @entity11035 .

title: 20 years later: XXXX durability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity11035 :: ('MESH:C535647', 'Disease') :: ['LF', 'laparoscopic fundoplication']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity11035 :: (MESH:C535647,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic fundoplication']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In 2001-2002, six out of seven Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) died after developing @entity548 at the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (KUPRI). While the cause of @entity204 was unknown at the time, we detected @entity60450 (SRV-4) in samples obtained from a similar outbreak in 2008-2011, during which 42 out of 43 Japanese macaques died after exhibiting @entity548 . In this study, we isolated SRV-4 strain PRI-172 from a Japanese macaque showing severe @entity882 . When inoculated into four Japanese macaques, the isolate induced severe @entity882 in all within 37 days. We then constructed an infectious molecular clone of strain PRI-172, termed pSR415, and inoculated the clone-derived virus into two Japanese macaques. These animals also developed severe @entity882 in just 31 days after inoculation, and the virus was re-isolated from blood, bone marrow and stool. At necropsy, we observed @entity548 from gingiva, and @entity548 in all animals. SRV-4 infected a variety of tissues especially in digestive organs including colon and stomach, determined by real-time PCR, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, we identified the SRV-4 receptor as @entity13462 , a neutral amino acid transporter. @entity13462 mRNA was expressed in a variety of tissues and the distribution of SRV-4 proviruses in infected Japanese macaques correlated well with the expression levels of @entity13462 mRNA. From these results, we conclude that the causative agent of @entity548 in KUPRI Japanese macaques was SRV-4, and its receptor is @entity13462 . IMPORTANCE: During two separate outbreaks at the KUPRI, in 2001-2002 and 2008-2011, 96% of Japanese macaques (JM) that developed an unknown @entity548 died. Here, we isolated SRV-4 from a JM developing @entity882 . The SRV-4 isolate and a molecularly cloned SRV-4 induced severe @entity882 in virus-inoculated JMs within 37 days. At necropsy, we observed @entity548 from gingiva and @entity548 in all affected JMs, and re-isolated SRV-4 from blood, bone marrow and stool. The distribution of SRV-4 proviruses in tissues correlated with the mRNA expression levels of @entity13462 , which we identified as the SRV-4 receptor. From these results, we conclude that SRV-4 was the causative agent of @entity548 in JMs in KUPRI.

title: @entity60450 Induces Lethal Acute XXXX in Japanese Macaques.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic syndrome', 'bleeding', 'subcutaneous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity60450 :: ('723802', 'Species') :: ['simian retrovirus 4']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: AIMS: To confirm the idea that @entity1 with @entity3142 can have elevated @entity41 ( @entity41 ) and to examine the correlation between @entity41 obtained with catheterization versus that with BladderScan (BS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study involving 902 @entity1 referred to our urogynecology clinics because of symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction. @entity1 were selected if they met all of the following conditions: (1) A main complaint of stress urinary @entity322 ; (2) A diagnosis of urodynamic @entity3142 ; and (3) No previous pelvic surgery, advanced pelvic prolapse or @entity51 . One hundred and seven @entity1 met all criteria and formed the basis for this study. All @entity1 in the study group underwent three-part urodynamic testing including uroflowmetry, filling (provocative) and voiding cystometry. After uroflowmetry they were scanned by a BS, and then catheterized for @entity41 volume before the procedure of cystometry. RESULTS: The mean @entity41 volume was 62.8 ml by BS and 38.5 ml by catheterization. 35.5% @entity1 had @entity41 urine higher than 50 ml and 15.9% had @entity41 urine greater than 100 ml. The @entity41 volume obtained by BS correlated significantly with catheterized volume (r = 0.625, P = 0.001) and offered a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 94.3% in detecting @entity41 greater than 100. The mean maximum flow rate was 22.1 ml/sec and mean detrusor contraction pressure during voiding was 21 cm @entity2507 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in our study had low maximum flow rate (22.1 ml/sec), elevated @entity41 (38.5 ml) and high detrusor contraction pressure during voiding (21 cm @entity2507 ) indicating that @entity1 with @entity3142 have some degree of @entity409 . The @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity3142 may be more complex than we had previously considered and special care should be taken if a @entity1 with elevated @entity41 is scheduled for anti- @entity322 surgery. BS appears to be reasonably sensitive and specific for the detection of elevated @entity41 and is reliable in clinical use.

title: Postvoid residual urine in XXXX with @entity3142 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['postvoid residual urine', 'PVR']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['bladder behavior']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The health status of adult survivors of pediatric @entity1313 is poorly documented. Documenting their health risks regarding @entity5 recurrence or new @entity5 , endocrine, and cognitive sequels, as well as their social outcome, would help to define their medical needs when they become adults. Identifying risk factors of late morbidity could help to improve treatment protocols in order to reduce the burden of sequels. PURPOSE: We decided to review retrospectively our pediatric oncology database, in order to study the oncological and clinical outcome of adult @entity1 treated for @entity1313 during childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected @entity1 treated under the age of 18, and followed clinically after the age of 20. RESULTS: We studied 207 @entity1 , aged 20.2-45 years at last control. Forty eight (23%) presented with late progression of the @entity5 , and 29 (14%) developed @entity5 requiring surgery; 7 died of @entity5 progression. The main sequels were endocrine in 88 @entity1 (44%), and cognitive in 86 (43%); only 36 @entity1 (18%) had no sequel at all. The Karnofsky score was >=  80 (independent) in 73%; however, only 48% of evaluable @entity1 were normally employed. Among the variables related to initial treatment, reoperation was the most significant factor influencing negatively outcome; however, young age at irradiation was the only significant factor predicting poor employment status. CONCLUSIONS: Adult @entity1 treated for @entity1313 in childhood are at significant risk of @entity5 progression, and many @entity1 require prolonged oncological follow-up. Complex disabilities require the organization of efficient @entity1 -to-adult transition for these vulnerable @entity1 .

title: Morbidity and XXXX -related mortality among adult survivors of pediatric @entity1313 : a review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'new tumors', 'initial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 following colonoscopy is a rare yet life-threatening complication. These injuries are often associated with delayed diagnosis and may require invasive intervention. We sought to study the emergent presentation associated with @entity130 post-colonoscopy and to suggest a new treatment algorithm. METHODS: Six cases of @entity130 following colonoscopy were collected from three medical centers. Data regarding @entity1 medical history, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings and clinical management were recorded. A systematic PubMed/MEDLINE search was performed. Non-English-language publications and publications dating earlier than 2010 were excluded. An emergency department trauma-based management algorithm was designed according to the identified publications and review of the available trauma literature. RESULTS: The mean age was 65.3  years and the male-to-female ratio was 1:5. Five of the cases presented within 24  h of the colonoscopy complaining of severe @entity490 . @entity1344 was noted in four @entity1 who presented with @entity591 (105-130), @entity551 and/or a rapid drop in hemoglobin levels. All of the @entity1 underwent initial resuscitation and a computerized abdominal tomography scan. Four of them required emergent splenectomy. No mortality or major morbidity was reported following the hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Although very rare, @entity130 during colonoscopy is an acute, severe and possible fatal complication. @entity1 may present with a rapid clinical deterioration and hemodynamic instability. Physicians should be familiar with the practical management of this surgical emergency and the treatment options available.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX following colonoscopy: algorithm and case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'Splenic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG) is tightly linked to cerebral metabolism and is sensitive to @entity2806 and @entity519 . The severity of @entity2806 can be seen on cEEG as changes in morphology, amplitude, or frequency, and cEEG may detect @entity528 at a reversible stage. METHODS: Case report and imaging. RESULTS: We present a case of focal @entity2657 with changes seen on cEEG 24 h before clinical signs of @entity428 . cEEG showed developing asymmetry in the left hemisphere followed by burst suppression. The right hemisphere showed similar progression to burst suppression. Complete suppression of both hemispheres was noted 6 h before clinical signs of @entity3976 . Computed tomography (CT) head confirmed a large left parietal @entity1779 with mass effect. CONCLUSIONS: cEEG has applications in monitoring @entity75 in addition to detecting @entity410 activity in the intensive care unit. It may serve a vital role in multi-modality monitoring for early recognition of @entity16 from @entity1545 that may not be noticed clinically, which is paramount to early intervention.

title: Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) changes precede clinical changes in a case of progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['cerebral edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effectiveness of service screening with mammography in Northern Sweden. SETTING: Two counties which invited @entity1 aged 40-74 years to service screening with mammography were compared with two counties where service screening started 5-7 years later. There were 109,000 and 77,000 @entity1 in the study and control counties, respectively. METHODS: Cohorts in the study group were defined to include only @entity0 cases diagnosed after their first invitation to screening. Two outcome measures for @entity0 mortality were used; excess mortality and underlying cause of @entity204 (UCD). Detection mode was used to estimate the efficacy of screening for those @entity1 who actually attended screening. The cohorts were followed for 11 years. RESULTS: The relative rate (RR) of @entity0 @entity204 as excess mortality and UCD for @entity1 aged 40-74 years invited to screening, compared with @entity1 not yet invited, was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.87) and 0.74 (95% CI 0.62-0.88), respectively. The largest effect was seen in @entity1 aged 40-49 years (RR = 0.64 and RR = 0.62 for excess mortality and UCD, respectively). RR in age 40-74 years for @entity1 actually screened was 0.65 (95% CI 0.51-0.84) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.57-0.86) for excess mortality and UCD, respectively. The number of @entity1 needed to screen to save one life was 912 after 11 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms previous findings in the earlier follow-up and indicates a long-term reduction of @entity0 mortality by 26-30%. The efficacy among those who actually attended screening was about 5% larger.

title: Service screening with mammography in Northern Sweden: effects on XXXX mortality - an update.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2316 is likely to be a complex genetic trait. To date, most @entity2316 candidate gene studies have tested a limited number of genes and variants in small sized populations, or in populations that were poorly matched or phenotyped. The main objective of the EURAGEDIC study was to address these problems. METHODS: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes were tested for association with overt @entity2316 (persistent @entity633 >300 mg/24 h) in a large (n=2499) Type 1 @entity6 case/control study. Testing for transmission disequilibrium in 541 independent parent-offspring trios with or without @entity2316 was applied for validation of consistency. Candidate genes were selected based on previous linkage studies, knowledge of metabolic pathways, and animal models. A comprehensive SNP discovery in more than 100 candidate genes was performed by direct sequencing. RESULTS: In total, 1176 cases with @entity2316 and 1323 @entity6 controls with longstanding normoalbuminuria were included from three European populations (Denmark, Finland, France). Data were collected on HbA(1c), blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion rate, kidney function, @entity989 , smoking, medication and @entity65 . To summarize the relevant non-genetic predictors for @entity2316 a baseline phenotypic model fitted to EURAGEDIC data included the covariates: sex, @entity6 duration, HbA(1c) and smoking as well as pair-wise interactions. CONCLUSIONS: The EURAGEDIC study is designed and powered to identify and validate common alleles as genetic risk factors for @entity2316 in Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: European rational approach for the genetics of @entity6 complications--EURAGEDIC: XXXX populations and strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We conducted a study to determine the costs of caring for @entity1 with @entity625 . Data were obtained from the Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS) of Washington, DC. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all direct medical costs related to individual Medicaid recipients who obtained treatment for @entity625 . First, all data were adjusted for @entity1 compliance with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Second, we determined the actual expenditure of treating @entity625 . Last, the medical costs of treating adverse @entity344 were examined. There was a linear relationship between compliance and pharmaceutical dose schedule per diem. Treatment costs per quarter were  145; 54 percent of the cost was for NSAIDs with the remainder equally divided between physician and hospital costs. Approximately 25 percent of the population experienced NSAID-related @entity344 that required further medical care. The per-quarter mean cost of treating these adverse gastrointestinal drug reactions was  66 per @entity1 , which added nearly 46 percent to the per-quarter mean cost of treatment. The total cost of treating @entity1 with @entity625 therefore averaged  211 per quarter. Nearly one third of overall cost went to provide medical care to the 25 percent of the population who experienced adverse reactions, and slightly more than two thirds went towards treating the disease itself. Overall costs of treating @entity137 were accounted for by pharmaceuticals (about 42 percent), usually the @entity112 (H2)-receptor antagonist @entity4444 , rare but expensive inpatient hospital care (about 38 percent) and physician visits (about 20 percent).

title: Direct medical costs of disease and @entity344 during treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal side effects']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding of the potential impact that length of stay (LOS) may have on Medicare beneficiaries' poststroke discharge function and discharge destination since implementation of a prospective payment system is lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the trends and associations between LOS and discharge outcomes in Medicare beneficiaries with @entity64 treated in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs). DESIGN: A serial, cross-sectional analysis of the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility @entity1 Assessment Instrument dataset was conducted. The sample consisted of 371,211 @entity1 with @entity64 who were over 65 years of age in all IRFs in the United States between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2007. METHODS: Annual trends for means of LOS, admission and discharge @entity177 ( @entity177 ) scores, and percent community discharge were examined using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) with facility level control and post hoc testing. The association between discharge @entity177 scores and LOS was examined using a continuous, multivariate GEE model. The association between community discharge and LOS was examined using a logistic, multivariate GEE model. RESULTS: Time trends showed mean LOS decreased 1.8 days; admission and discharge @entity177 scores declined 4.4 points and 3.6 points, respectively; and mean community discharges declined 5.4%. Controlling for study year and covariates, each day was associated with an increase of 0.50 discharge @entity177 points (95% confidence interval=0.48, 0.52). Each day also was associated with a 0.3% decrease in odds of community discharge (95% confidence interval=0.994, 0.999). LIMITATIONS: Reliability and validity of the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility @entity1 Assessment Instrument ( @entity17094 -PAI) are lacking. Results may have been biased by a lack of control at the @entity1 and facility levels. CONCLUSIONS: Medicare beneficiaries with @entity64 treated in IRFs experienced shorter LOS, had worsening admission and discharge function, and had fewer community discharges. Worsening admission function and shorter LOS may contribute to worsening discharge outcomes, which may indicate a lack of readiness for @entity17094 treatment and that facility-level factors may be playing a role in shorter LOS.

title: Shorter length of stay is associated with worse functional outcomes for medicare beneficiaries with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: AIMS: Initial treatment of @entity907 ( @entity907 ) consists of advising adequate fluid and salt intake, regular exercise, and physical counterpressure manoeuvres. Despite this treatment, up to 30% of @entity1 continue to experience regular episodes of @entity907 . We investigated whether additional @entity21172 treatment is effective in these @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In our study, @entity1 with at least three @entity1163 during non-pharmacological treatment were eligible to receive double-blind cross-over treatment starting either with @entity21172 or placebo. Treatment periods lasted for 3 months with a wash-out period of 1 week in-between. At baseline and after each treatment period, we collected data about the recurrence of @entity1163 and pre- @entity1163 , side effects, and quality of life (QoL). Twenty-three @entity1 (17% male, mean age 32) included in the cross-over trial received both @entity21172 and placebo treatment. The proportion of @entity1 who experienced @entity1163 did not differ significantly between @entity21172 and placebo treatment ( @entity1163 : 48 vs. 65%, P= 0.22; pre- @entity1163 : 74 vs. 78%, P> 0.99). The median number of @entity1163 per 3 months were also not significantly different during @entity21172 and placebo treatment (0 vs. 1; P= 0.57; and 6 vs. 8; P= 0.90). The occurrence of side effects was similar during @entity21172 and placebo treatment (48 vs. 57%; P= 0.75). Also, QoL did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that additional @entity21172 treatment is less effective in @entity1 with @entity907 not responding to non-pharmacological treatment than reported as first-line treatment.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX treatment in @entity1 with recurrent @entity907 not responding to non-pharmacological treatment (STAND-trial).

entities_list: @entity21172 :: ('MESH:D008879', 'Chemical') :: ['Midodrine']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopes and pre-syncopes', 'syncope', 'syncopal and/or severe pre-syncopal recurrences', 'syncopal and pre-syncopal recurrences']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope', 'VVS']

answer: @entity21172 :: (MESH:D008879,Chemical) :: ['midodrine']


abstract: @entity645 and @entity791 first affected the countries of North America and the Caribbean. By now, all countries in the region have been affected, but the magnitude and distribution of @entity645 's impact vary between subregions and countries. Conservative estimates tally 750,000 infected with @entity645 in Brazil, 120,800 in the Latin Caribbean, 91,250 in the Andean area, 80,000 in Mexico, 41,400 in the Southern Cone, 30,800 in the Central American Isthmus, and 8300 in the Caribbean. 48,767 @entity791 cases were reported in Latin America and the Caribbean by the end of 1991. 46.3% of cases were in Brazil, 18.6% in Mexico, 9.8% in Latin Caribbean, 8.4% in the Andean area, 7.0% in the Caribbean, 5.7% in the Central American Isthmus, and 4.3% in the Southern Cone. Compared to figures for 1990, incidence in the Southern Cone increased by 155%, 82% in the Central American Isthmus, 60% in Mexico, 40% in the Andean area, and 25% in Brazil. Incidence may have decreased by 9.7% in the Latin Caribbean and 0.3% in North America. Reporting remains delayed and incomplete for many of these countries. Further, only 50% of @entity791 cases in Latin America may actually be reported. Incidence and prevalence data should, therefore, be treated with caution. @entity645 and @entity791 are discussed in detail on a subregional basis.

title: XXXX in Latin America and the Caribbean: current situation.

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important contributor to the invasion and metastasis of epithelial cell-derived @entity5 . However, whether or not the expression of EMT-related molecules can be used as a biomarker for the prognosis of @entity2 has yet to be fully determined. @entity1 AND METHODS: Tumor specimens were collected from 183 consecutive @entity1 who underwent a complete resection for @entity2220 . We analyzed the @entity5962 , gamma-catenin, @entity2277 , and fibronectin expression levels in the primary @entity2220 by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: A positive expression of @entity5962 , gamma-catenin, @entity2277 , and fibronectin was observed in 94 (51.4%), 82 (40.4%), 32 (17.5%) and 1 (0.5%) @entity1 , respectively. A significant association between @entity5962 expression and the pathological stage, T status, N status, @entity5 grade, and carcinoembryonic antigen was identified. The rate of gamma-catenin positivity was higher in @entity1 with a smoking history than in never smokers. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between @entity2277 expression and the pathological stage, N status, and @entity5 grade. However, an association between EMT-related molecules and postoperative recurrence of @entity2220 is lacking. Based on a Kaplan-Meier analysis, the expression of EMT-related molecules is not associated with the survival of @entity2220 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The EMT status in the @entity5 does not predict postoperative recurrence or @entity2 @entity1 . Our findings indicate that immunocytochemical markers related to EMT do not provide relevant prognostic information about @entity2220 . Future research is therefore expected to clarify the clinical usefulness of EMT-related molecules.

title: The EMT status in the XXXX does not predict postoperative recurrence or @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['disease-free survival in lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['primary tumor']


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a common disorder that is estimated to affect approximately 100 million @entity1 worldwide. Forecasts have suggested a substantial increase in incidence, mainly in Asia, Africa and North America. Thus, an increasing number of @entity1 with @entity2412 will have to be cared for in the future. This development will be a major health problem for the @entity1 affected, as well as a major health economic challenge for many countries. @entity12721 represent a new class of drugs with a novel mechanism of action that addresses the root cause of @entity6 . Their mode of action targets the core defect of @entity6 , namely, insulin resistance. One of these drugs, @entity12098 , was recently approved by the Swedish authorities. To evaluate the cost effectiveness of this new drug, a published mathematical simulation model was used. This model was adapted to Swedish conditions, and local Swedish unit costs were put into the model. Modelling is necessary when performing economic evaluations in @entity6 and its long time horizon. The cost-effectiveness analyses showed that the cost per life-year gained with @entity12098 combination therapy compared with current treatment ranged from 37,000 Swedish kronor (SEK) to SEK149,000. Although there is no threshold value for cost effectiveness in Sweden, the values presented would normally be regarded as cost effective in the Swedish healthcare system. Modelling studies are a good starting point, but long-term naturalistic studies are needed to establish the cost effectiveness of these new drugs.

title: Applications of economic models in healthcare: the introduction of XXXX in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes because of the complexity of the disease', 'T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-related complications']

answer: @entity12098 :: (MESH:C060836,Chemical) :: ['pioglitazone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Currently used open reduction and internal fixation techniques of @entity174 repair are not optimal. Surgical exposure of those sites needed to allow for accurate reduction and for rigid fixation has a high possibility of negative consequences. The objective of the present study was to present a single-incision, single-fixation site @entity174 repair technique using a single zygoma c-arm view to quantitatively determine its accuracy, complication rate, and practical aspects in a clinical series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, consecutive @entity1 with isolated, unilateral, displaced zygoma @entity174 not requiring orbital floor exploration treated using a c-arm-assisted repair technique at the author's institution from 2009 to 2011 were included. Objective outcomes assessed included accuracy of zygoma realignment (on postoperative computed tomogram), ocular globe projection symmetry (using a Naugle exophthalmometer), complication rate, and operative duration. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were included. Differences in zygoma projection, width, and height between the uninjured and repaired sides of the face were clinically noteworthy (>3  mm) in the first @entity1 only. Average differences of these parameters for all 20 @entity1 were clinically and statistically insignificant. Differences in ocular globe projection between the uninjured and repaired sides of the face for each @entity1 were no greater than 2  mm. The average difference in globe projection for all 20 @entity1 was also clinically and statistically insignificant. No major complications occurred, and the average operative duration was 76  minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that the c-arm-assisted @entity174 repair technique is accurate, has a low complication rate, can be performed quickly, and has a relatively low level of difficulty.

title: C-Arm Assisted XXXX Repair: A Critical Analysis of the First 20 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'zygoma fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Zygoma Fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skipping hemodialysis treatments and failing to adhere to prescribed diets are thought to injure hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: We examined predictors of hemodialysis skipping and laboratory measures of nonadherence and then examined the association of dialysis skipping and serum @entity972 and @entity1391 levels with survival. RESULTS: Of 739 @entity1 , 67 were classified as skippers because they were absent for greater than 3% of scheduled treatments. Black race (odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30 to 3.92), current smoking (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.13), and use of illicit drugs (OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.16 to 7.24) were associated with skipping. White race, increased serum @entity1391 level, greater @entity1011 level, and lower body mass index increased the likelihood of a serum @entity972 level greater than 5.0 mEq/L (mmol/L); younger age, greater serum @entity972 level, and greater serum @entity1011 level were associated with a serum @entity1391 level greater than 5.5 mg/dL (>1.78 mmol/L). Skipping was associated with an increased risk for @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.31), as were @entity1391 level greater than 5.5 mg/dL (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.17) and @entity972 level greater than 5.0 mEq/L (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.06). Skipping was associated with a lower likelihood of kidney transplantation in those younger than 65 years (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.93). CONCLUSION: These findings show that hemodialysis @entity1 of black race and those with current @entity286 or illicit drug use are at risk for skipping dialysis treatments. Skipping treatments and markers of poor dietary adherence are strongly associated with greater risk for @entity204 . Targeting high-risk @entity1 to understand reasons for nonadherence and to intervene could prevent @entity204 .

title: Skipped treatments, markers of nutritional nonadherence, and survival among incident hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death', 'death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report a continuous series of periprosthetic @entity3330 after knee arthroplasty treated with a locking plate. We hypothesize that minimally invasive surgery and immediate weight-bearing improve functional recovery. METHODS: From June 2002 to December 2008, 15 @entity1 with 16 @entity174 were treated. Median age was 81 years. The autonomy level according to the mobility score of Parker and Palmer showed a median of 5 (0-9). Osteosynthesis was performed mainly through a minimally invasive approach using a locking compression plate. The rehabilitation protocol consisted of immediate mobilization and, whenever possible, immediate unrestricted weight-bearing. RESULTS: Five @entity1 died during follow-up, more than 1 year after osteosynthesis. Their results were included. Autonomy and mobility were preserved with a median postoperative score of 4 (0-9) according to Parker and Palmer. The consolidation rate was 93.8%, which was obtained within 10 weeks. There were no mechanical or infectious complications. Fourteen cases were treated with minimally invasive surgery without fracture exposition; the remaining 2 required a slightly more extended approach. Full weight-bearing occurred 10 times; 20-kg partial weight-bearing was advised twice; and on 4 occasions, no weight-bearing was allowed for 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: Osteosynthesis with a minimally invasive bridge-plating technique is effective in the treatment of @entity3330 without component loosening. Immediate full weight-bearing is possible if certain rules are respected. The surgical management presented herein is beneficial for these challenging @entity174 , and it may help reduce the complication rate and improve functional outcome.

title: Treatment of periprosthetic XXXX of the knee.

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures', 'periprosthetic, distal femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral fractures']


abstract: A 63-year-old white female with a history of metastatic @entity0 to the liver developed acute-onset @entity390 , @entity391 , mental status change, and generalized @entity410 following transarterial chemoembolization using @entity632 . The @entity1 was hospitalized with the above symptoms immediately following transarterial chemoembolization using drug eluting bead @entity632 into the right hepatic artery. The @entity1 developed intractable @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity490 and had a generalized tonic-clonic @entity410 lasting for 40 seconds, approximately 24 hours after the procedure. The @entity1 was confused and lethargic for 2 days with progressive improvement in her mental status. Her neurological examination showed @entity75 with disorientation to time, place or @entity1 , and she also had a glassy look. Cranial nerves were normal other than lack of response to threat stimulus bilaterally; motor and sensory examination was unremarkable. Initial blood pressure was 130/90 mm Hg and routine chemistry and complete blood count on admission were within normal limits. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed clear and colorless fluid with @entity413 of 56 mg/dL, protein of 42 mg/dL, white blood cells of 2/ L, and red blood cells of 10/ L and did not show any evidence of infectious or toxic etiology on @entity75 . Continuous electro encephalography showed diffuse slowing but no @entity302 . The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed increased signal intensity in the bilateral parieto-occipital area, right more than the left, on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, apparent diffusion coefficient, and T2-weighted imaging, with no increased signal on diffusion weighted image consistent with vasogenic @entity4 . The @entity1 's symptoms and MRI findings were consistent with diagnosis of posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome. Resolution of the MRI changes is noted on the follow-up imaging 8 weeks later. Posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome in this case is most likely related to intra-arterial @entity632 infusion because of the temporal association between administration, symptom onset, and MRI changes.

title: Unusual case of intra-arterial @entity632 chemoembolization-associated posterior reversible XXXX syndrome.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs function in a range of developmental processes. Here, we demonstrate that miR847 targets the mRNA of the auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) repressor-encoding gene @entity58674 for cleavage. The rapidly increased accumulation of miR847 in @entity958 coincided with reduced @entity58674 mRNA levels upon auxin treatment. This induction of miR847 by auxin was abolished in auxin receptor tir1-1 and auxin-resistant axr1-3 mutants. Further analysis demonstrates that miR847 functions as a positive regulator of auxin-mediated lateral organ development by cleaving @entity58674 mRNA. Importantly, the ectopic expression of miR847 increases the expression of cell cycle genes as well as the neoplastic activity of leaf cells, prolonging later-stage rosette leaf growth and producing leaves with serrated margins. Moreover, both miR847 and @entity58674 mRNAs are specifically expressed in marginal meristems of rosette leaves and lateral root initiation sites. Our data indicate that auxin-dependent induction of miR847 positively regulates meristematic competence by clearing @entity58674 mRNA to upregulate auxin signaling, thereby determining the duration of cell proliferation and lateral organ growth in @entity958 . @entity58674 mRNA encodes an Aux/IAA repressor protein, which is degraded through the proteasome in response to auxin. Altered signal sensitization to @entity58674 mRNA levels, together with targeted @entity58674 degradation, ensures a robust signal derepression.

title: Cleavage of INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE28 mRNA by MicroRNA847 Upregulates Auxin Signaling to Modulate Cell Proliferation and Lateral Organ Growth in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prognostic factors for second attack and for disability in @entity1 presenting with an @entity6220 . STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of 296 @entity1 having a first episode of @entity6220 was studied by survival analysis. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 2.9+/-3 years. At the end of the follow-up, 57% of @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity15 ( @entity15 ), 29% had a monophasic acute disseminated @entity1651 , and 14% had a single focal episode. The rate of a second attack was (1). higher in @entity1 with age at onset >or=10 years (hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.04-2.67), @entity15 -suggestive initial MRI (1.54; 1.02-2.33), or @entity1781 (2.59; 1.27-5.29); and (2). lower in @entity1 with @entity4685 (0.23; 0.10-0.56) or mental status change (0.59; 0.33-1.07). Of @entity1 with a second attack, 29% had an initial diagnosis of acute disseminated @entity1651 . At the end of the follow-up period, 90% of @entity1 had no or minor disability. Occurrence of severe disability was associated with a polysymptomatic onset (3.25; 1.16-11.01), sequelae after the first attack (26.65; 9.42-75.35), further relapses (1.49; 1.16-1.92), and progressive @entity15 (3.57; 1.21-8.72). CONCLUSIONS: Risk of second attack of CNS @entity17 is higher in older @entity1 and lower in @entity1 with mental status change. Risk of disability is higher in polysymptomatic and relapsing @entity1 .

title: First episode of XXXX in childhood: prognostic factors for @entity15 and disability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['initial episode of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination', 'acute CNS inflammatory demyelination']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve lesion']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity6220 :: (MESH:D020279,Disease) :: ['acute CNS inflammatory demyelination']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity4481 ( @entity11974 ), 150 mg/day, and @entity11974 , 600 mg/day, as an add-on treatment for @entity1 with refractory partial @entity410 concurrently treated with one to three anticonvulsants (AEDs). METHODS: An international (13 countries), multicenter (45 centers), 12-week, double-blind, randomized study in which @entity1 with partial @entity410 received placebo (n = 96); @entity11974 , 150 mg/day (n = 99); or @entity11974 , 600 mg/day (n = 92); given 3 times a day (t.i.d.). The primary efficacy criterion was reduction in @entity410 frequency during treatment as compared with baseline, as measured by RRatio, the symmetrical percentage change in @entity410 rates determined from daily @entity410 diaries. The RRatio between the 8-week baseline (pretreatment phase) and the 12-week treatment period were compared between each of the @entity11974 groups and the placebo group by using an analysis of variance analysis of the intent-to-treat population. RESULTS: @entity11974 , 150 mg/day and 600 mg/day, were both significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the RRatio [-11.5 (p = 0.0007) and -31.4 (p < or = 0.0001), respectively, vs. 0.9]. These RRatio values correspond to @entity410 -frequency reductions from baseline of -1.8, 20.6, and 47.8% for placebo, 150 mg/day, and 600 mg/day, respectively. @entity11974 efficacy was significantly dose related (p < or = 0.0001). Secondary efficacy variables corroborated the findings of the primary analysis. Significantly more @entity1 were responders (> or =50% reduction in @entity410 frequency) in the @entity11974 , 600 mg/day (43.5%), group than in the placebo group (6.2%) (p < or = 0.001). @entity11974 was well tolerated. Dose-related, treatment-emergent adverse events (> or =10%), mostly mild or moderate in intensity, were @entity2147 , @entity1296 , @entity2055 , @entity892 , and @entity1017 . The withdrawal rate due to adverse events was 10% of @entity1 at 150 mg/day and 18.5% of @entity1 at 600 mg/day, compared with 6.2% of @entity1 receiving placebo. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11974 , 150 mg/day and 600 mg/day, is highly effective and well-tolerated add-on therapy in @entity1 with partial @entity410 .

title: XXXX add-on treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study in adults with partial @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['Pregabalin']


abstract: @entity1 dermal fibroblasts produce a number of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) including the main circulating form, @entity2301 . It has been suggested that the regulation of IGFBP secretion may play a major role in modulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioactivity. We have quantified the effects of two cytokines, @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) which have opposing actions on fibroblast @entity2301 production, and examined their subsequent role in @entity442 mitogenesis. @entity2533 caused a dose-dependent increase in @entity2301 in serum-free fibroblast-conditioned media. @entity2533 (1 microgram/l) resulted in immunoreactive @entity2301 levels reaching 286.5 +/- 22.4% of control after 20 h, the increase being confirmed by Western ligand blot. @entity310 caused a dose-dependent decrease in fibroblast @entity2301 secretion, 1 microgram @entity310 /l reducing @entity2301 levels to 32.1 +/- 11.% of control. This effect was not due to @entity137 and was not cell-density-dependent. Fibroblast proliferation was examined using a @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) colorimetric cytochemical bioassay. The addition of @entity442 resulted in dose-dependent growth stimulation after 48 h, the effective range being 20-100 micrograms/l. The @entity442 analogue Long-R3- @entity442 which has little affinity for the IGFBPs was approximately 20-fold more potent in this assay, and was unaffected by exogenous @entity2301 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cytokines modulate the sensitivity of XXXX fibroblasts to stimulation with @entity442 ( @entity442 ) by altering endogenous IGF-binding protein production.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1', 'TGF-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity362 are an extremely rare condition with only 17 cases described in the literature since 1980. They can reach enormous size and cause significant abdominal symptoms. The most important differential diagnosis is the well-differentiated @entity1821 , which preoperatively often may not definitely be ruled out. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 73  year-old Caucasian @entity1 with a @entity362 of 9  kg measuring 55  cm in diameter. The @entity1 presented with @entity490 and swelling that had been slowly progressive for the last 15  years. On computerized tomography an immense @entity5 was revealed. Intraoperatively, the @entity5 did not show any signs of infiltrative growth, therefore sole @entity5 extirpation was performed. CONCLUSION: @entity362 are not clearly distinguishable from well-differentiated @entity1821 on imaging and even biopsies may be misleading. Moreover, abdominal symptoms, i.e. @entity158 , obstipation and @entity1282 may occur due to mechanical displacement. Therefore, surgical exploration with complete oncological resection is the therapy of choice if malignity cannot be ruled out.

title: En-bloc resection of a XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['Retroperitoneal lipomas', 'giant retroperitoneal lipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumor']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['giant retroperitoneal lipoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, the European Medicines Agency reported that @entity176 increases @entity583 risk in postmenopausal @entity1 , 8.5 years after it was registered for use in @entity170 . Unreported serious adverse events in clinical trials for other pharmaceuticals have been described in recent years. We assessed reporting of adverse events and @entity174 efficacy of @entity9756 . METHODS: We compared data on adverse effects ( @entity583 , @entity1211 and @entity1151 ) and @entity174 efficacy of @entity9756 in publicly available regulatory documents with data in publications retrieved from searching PubMed. RESULTS: We identified 5 regulatory documents and 9 primary publications of 7 randomised, placebo-controlled trials of @entity9756 that reported relevant data. We identified several areas of concern in these reports: the increased risk of @entity583 with @entity9756 was not identified in a pivotal phase 3 clinical trial despite specific regulatory review of cardiovascular events; data on @entity583 were not included in any primary publication; increased risks of @entity1211 and @entity1151 with @entity9756 were not reported in either of the phase 3 clinical trials; data on @entity1211 were reported in only 5 of 9 primary publications, data on @entity1151 in only 2 of 9 primary publications, and either was discussed in <50% of subsequent review articles. There were differences in @entity1 numbers, @entity174 cases and @entity1211 cases between regulatory documents and primary publications. Based on all available data from primary publications and regulatory documents, the number of @entity174 prevented by @entity9756 use is similar to the number of extra cases of @entity1211 , @entity1151 and @entity583 caused by @entity9756 use. CONCLUSIONS: The risks of @entity9756 use are similar to the benefits. Full disclosure of the clinical trial data and regulatory documents would allow clinicians and their @entity1 to decide whether use of the drug is worthwhile.

title: A comparison of adverse event and XXXX efficacy data for @entity176 in regulatory documents and the publication record.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium ranelate']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']