abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform an extensive search for genomic rearrangements by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization in @entity1 with @entity302 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity302 centers in Italy. @entity1 : Two hundred seventy-nine @entity1 with unexplained @entity302 , 265 individuals with @entity1032 but no @entity302 , and 246 healthy control subjects were screened by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Identification of copy number variations (CNVs) and gene enrichment. RESULTS: Rare CNVs occurred in 26 @entity1 (9.3%) and 16 healthy control subjects (6.5%) (P = .26). The CNVs identified in @entity1 were larger (P = .03) and showed higher gene content (P = .02) than those in control subjects. The CNVs larger than 1 megabase (P = .002) and including more than 10 genes (P = .005) occurred more frequently in @entity1 than in control subjects. Nine @entity1 (34.6%) among those harboring rare CNVs showed rearrangements associated with emerging microdeletion or microduplication syndromes. @entity1032 and neuropsychiatric features were associated with rare CNVs (P = .004), whereas @entity302 type was not. The @entity471 rate in @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity1032 or neuropsychiatric features is not different from that observed in @entity1 with @entity1032 only. Moreover, significant enrichment of genes involved in ion transport was observed within CNVs identified in @entity1 with @entity302 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity302 show a significantly increased burden of large, rare, gene-rich CNVs, particularly when associated with @entity1032 and neuropsychiatric features. The limited overlap between CNVs observed in the @entity302 group and those observed in the group with @entity1032 only as well as the involvement of specific (ion channel) genes indicate a specific association between the identified CNVs and @entity302 . Screening for CNVs should be performed for diagnostic purposes preferentially in @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity1032 or neuropsychiatric features.

title: Clinical significance of rare copy number variations in XXXX : a case-control survey using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental retardation', 'mental retardation', 'nonsyndromic mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Determine the role of surgery and radiation therapy for @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973-2005) was queried. RESULTS: Overall, a total of 2408 cases of @entity5 were identified. Of these, 2132 cases (88.5%) were identified as WHO grade @entity424 and 276 cases (11.5%) as @entity424 . The annual incidence of @entity424 was approximately 1.97 cases per million in 2005. Overall median survival for all @entity1 was 230 mo, with a significant difference between @entity1 and @entity1 (262 mo versus196 mo, respectively) (P=0.004). Median age at diagnosis was 37 y among females and 34 y in males. @entity1 who successfully underwent surgical resection had a considerably longer median survival (237 mo versus 215 mo, P<0.001) as well as a significantly improved five-year survival (72.4% versus 52.6%, P<0.001). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age, gender, ethnicity, primary @entity5 site, WHO grade and surgical resection were significant predictors of improved survival for @entity424 @entity1 . Multivariate analysis identified that a WHO grade III @entity5 , male gender, @entity1 age, @entity5 locations and failure to undergo surgical resection were independent predictors of poorer outcomes. Multivariate analysis of partially resection cases revealed that lack of radiation was a sign of poor prognosis (HR 1.748, P=0.024). CONCLUSION: Surgical extirpation of @entity424 is associated with significantly improved @entity1 survival. For partially resected @entity5 , radiation therapy provides significant survival benefit.

title: Outcomes of XXXX : an examination of 2408 cases through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973-2005).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'ependymomas', 'II ependymomas', 'WHO grade III (anaplastic) ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'intracranial tumor', 'malignant ependymomas', 'malignant CNS ependymomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant CNS ependymomas']


abstract: The relation between cerebral blood flow and @entity26 consumption was studied in six @entity1 during cardiac operations with profound @entity2332 . A combination of topical cooling and core cooling was used to reduce the nasopharyngeal temperature to 15 degrees C. The alpha-stat principle for pH management was used. Blood flow and @entity26 consumption decreased significantly with temperature. At a nasopharyngeal temperature of 15 degrees C, blood flow was reduced to 25% of the awake level, corresponding to 34% of the asleep value obtained 15-30 min after intubation. @entity26 consumption decreased to 25% of the asleep value. During stable profound @entity2332 , venous saturation in the jugular bulb was at the same level as 15 min after intubation (70%). Markedly lower values were observed during topical cooling, and particularly during rewarming (down to 21%), indicating a mismatch between cerebral blood flow and @entity26 consumption. The speed of rewarming correlated with the fall in venous @entity26 saturation (rs = 0.82, P less than 0.05). It is suggested that periods of cerebral blood flow/metabolic mismatch during topical cooling and rewarming may explain postoperative @entity75 after deep hypothermic procedures. A moderate speed of rewarming is advocated.

title: Is cerebral blood flow/metabolic mismatch during rewarming a risk factor after profound hypothermic procedures in small XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Even if animal models have many properties in common with the @entity1 disease, as is the case for the BNML and @entity1 @entity3052 , they have their limitations with respect to the extrapolation to the clinical situation. This also holds for the BNML; thus, conclusions should only be drawn with great caution. Nevertheless, the studies in the BNML model have added considerably to the understanding of various processes that occur during the development of @entity1778 , e.g., the interaction of leukemic cells and normal hemopoietic stem cells in relation to the microenvironment. The methodology developed in the BNML model allows the quantification of the relative effectiveness of any given treatment with regard to the antileukemic activity compared with the @entity137 for normal host tissues. Furthermore, the cell kinetic studies performed in the BNML as a consequence of timed sequential chemotherapy has been helpful in designing an approach to take advantage of this phenomenon in the treatment of @entity3052 . The comparison of the various treatment modalities, employed for the conditioning prior to bone marrow transplantation, made it possible to determine the relative effectiveness of the various approaches. The fractionation of total body irradiation for conditioning purposes was supposed to have a negligible effect with regard to a reduced antileukemic effect. Detailed studies that were conducted in the BNML model did not confirm this hypothesis indicating that (hyper-)fraction of @entity131 results in a reduced antileukemic effect. The in vitro purging studies in the BNML aimed at the elimination of residual leukemic cells in autologous bone marrow transplantation contributed to the introduction of this method in clinical practice. However, extended studies in the BNML model also indicated that the contribution of the @entity1778 cell in the @entity1 contributed to a much greater extend to the recurrence of @entity1778 then did the residual cells in the autologous marrow graft. A major contribution of the BNML was achieved in the study of the area of so-called "minimal @entity66 " ( @entity41 ). A number of so-far unknown aspects of relapsing @entity1778 could be identified and studied. A new concept of discriminating locally relapsing @entity1778 and a delayed occurrence of generalized spreading of @entity1778 formed the basis for the explanation of the observed heterogeneity in the distribution of leukemic cells during the remission and the subsequent relapse phase. In conclusion, it is obvious that proper comparison of the @entity1 disease as well as the counterpart in the animal model requires a detailed knowledge of both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The BN @entity3052 (BNML) (a rat model for studying @entity1 XXXX ( @entity3052 )).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['residual leukemia', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelocytic leukemia']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: CEP cell death markers. @entity204 ( @entity204 ) is essential for proper plant growth and development. Plant-specific papain-type KDEL-tailed @entity462 endopeptidases (KDEL-CysEPs or CEPs) have been shown to be involved in @entity204 during vegetative development as executors for the last step in the process. The @entity958 genome encodes three KDEL-CysEPs: @entity36108 , @entity36109 and @entity36110 . With the help of fluorescent fusion reporter lines, we report here a detailed expression analysis of KDEL-CysEP (pro)proteins during reproductive processes, including flower organ and germline development, fertilization and seed development. @entity36108 is highly expressed in different reproductive tissues including nucellus cells of mature ovule and the connecting edge of anther and filament. After fertilization, @entity36108 marks integument cell layers of the seeds coat as well as suspensor and columella cells of the developing embryo. Promoter activity of @entity36109 is detected in the style of immature and mature pistils, in other floral organs including anther, sepal and petal. @entity36109 mainly localizes to parenchyma cells next to xylem vessels. Although there is no experimental evidence to demonstrate that KDEL-CysEPs are involved in @entity204 during fertilization, the expression pattern of AtCEPs, which were previously shown to represent cell death markers during vegetative development, opens up new avenues to investigate @entity204 in plant reproduction.

title: Expression analysis of KDEL-CysEPs programmed cell death markers during reproduction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Programmed cell death']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Due to a serious heart donor shortage, the criteria for acceptance for transplantation have been expanded. This study assesses donor-related factors associated with @entity998 (LOS) and long-term survival of recipients. METHODS: From 1999 to February 2011, 36 heart transplantations were performed at our institute, of which 28 donor hearts (78%) were considered to be marginal due to high inotropic requirement (n = 11), recent episode of @entity1167 (n = 11), female to male transplantation (n = 11), reduced left ventricular contraction (n = 6), old age (n = 6), small donor heart (n = 5), donor-recipient size mismatch (n = 2), @entity123 (n = 2) or prolonged ischaemic time (n = 1). St Thomas solution (n = 6) and Celsior (n = 30) were used for preservation. @entity16 in post-transplant cardiac @entity1 was graded by perioperative @entity296 (PIMI) score (scores 0-3). RESULTS: The donor age was 39    11 years old, which was not significantly different to that of the recipients. 50% of the donors were female. Thirty-three donors (92%) required @entity2922 at an average of 8.0    5.2   g/hg/min and echocardiogram findings showed that left ventricular ejection fraction was 65    10%. All recipients survived during the perioperative period (one @entity1 died from sepsis at 4 years after transplantation) for a 10-year survival rate of 95%. Severe @entity813 was observed in two @entity1 who required intra-aortic balloon pumping or veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, and five other @entity1 showed postoperative LOS (cardiac index < 2.2 l/min/m(2)). Left ventricular diastolic diameter smaller than 36 mm (P = 0.0002), high inotropic requirement (P = 0.0089) and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 55% (P = 0.0383) were related to post-transplant LOS. All @entity1 recovered cardiac function and were discharged from the intensive care unit after an average of 6 days. Although preservation with Celsior was not related to LOS, it had relationships with lower CKMB level (P = 0.0013) and lower PIMI score (P = 0.0054). CONCLUSIONS: Cautious donor selection is essential when the donor heart has a small ventricular diameter or requires a high level of inotropic support. However, long-term survival in recipients with marginal donor hearts can be anticipated with adequate treatment.

title: Risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['primary graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative low output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic damage']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity998 :: (MESH:D002303,Disease) :: ['post-transplant low output syndrome']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlations between the concentration of free light chains (kappa, lambda and ratio kappa/lambda) and two other markers, @entity10805 and pathological total intact immunoglobulin in four groups of @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) at the diagnosis and during the treatment. In this study 354 samples coming from 46 @entity1 with @entity1582 were assayed, out of which: 19, IgGkappa; 13, IgGlambda; 7, IgAkappa; 7, IgAlambda. At the diagnosis, immunofixation was positive in all samples and serum protein electrophoresis quantified @entity10805 for all @entity1 . Free light chains concentrations were abnormal in 92.25% of @entity1 with concentrations above the reference ranges in all patients with IgGkappa and IgAkappa MM. The intact immunoglobulins were elevated in 83.12% of cases. Pearson correlation coefficient showed correlations among the free light chains serum levels (kappa, lambda and ratio kappa/lambda), @entity10805 and intact immunoglobulins in two groups with @entity1582 (IgGlambda, IgAlambda). Spearman correlation coefficient values analysis showed that there is a good correlation between @entity10805 and FLCs (kappa, lambda and ratio kappa/lambda) in three patient groups (IgGkappa, IgGlambda and IgAlambda), excepting IgAkappa @entity1582 group where the correlation was insignificant. Regarding the intact immunoglobulin, Spearman coefficient showed significant correlations with FLCs concentrations in two groups (IgGlambda and IgAlambda) and an insignificant correlation in the group with IgGkappa MM. For the group of @entity1 with IgAkappa @entity1582 , the Spearman coefficient showed that IgA concentrations did not correlate with the concentrations of FLCs. The individual correlation (for each @entity1 ) among FLCs, @entity10805 and intact immunoglobulins in 8 patients with IgGkappa @entity1582 proved to be more significant as compared with the degree of correlation established for the entire group of @entity1 among these markers. Since the values obtained for the studied markers were not homogeneous, we have taken into account the Spearman coefficient values, which indicated the existence ofa correlation between the @entity10805 , FLCs and intact immunoglobulin.

title: Correlations among different markers determined by immunochemical methods used for the diagnosis and monitoring of XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'IIMM', 'intact immunoglobulin multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['intact immunoglobulin multiple myeloma']


abstract: The involvement of the nervous system in @entity311 is reviewed in this paper. @entity6197 , the acute @entity75 which complicates exclusively the infection by @entity3964 commonly affects @entity1 and adolescents in hyperendemic areas. Plugging of cerebral capillaries and venules by clumped, parasitized red cells causing sludging in the capillary circulation is one hypothesis to explain its pathogenesis. The other is a humoral hypothesis which proposes nonspecific, immune-mediated, inflammatory responses with release of vasoactive substances capable of producing endothelial damage and alterations of permeability. @entity6197 has a mortality rate up to 50%, and also a considerable longterm morbidity, particularly in @entity1 . @entity4053 , largely in @entity1 treated with @entity4807 , may complicate the cerebral symptomatology. Other central nervous manifestations of @entity311 include @entity932 , cerebral @entity432 , and transient extrapyramidal and @entity146 manifestations. A self-limiting, @entity6447 , presumably caused by immunological mechanisms, in @entity1 recovering from falciparum @entity311 has been recognized in @entity3595 Lanka. @entity311 is a common cause of @entity410 in the tropics, and it also contributes to the development of @entity302 in later life. Several reports of spinal cord and peripheral nerve involvement are also available. A transient @entity4589 resembling @entity912 during febrile episodes of @entity311 has been described in some @entity1 . The pathogenesis of these neurological manifestations remains unexplored, but offers excellent perspectives for research at a clinical as well as experimental level.

title: Neurological manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle paralysis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['isolated cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['periodic paralysis']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The molecular mechanisms underlying @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) are not clear. In light of the limited availability of @entity1 tissue for study, we explored the changes in the urethra of C57BL/6 @entity19 with experimentally induced @entity3142 . STUDY DESIGN: Twelve virgin female @entity19 were randomized into two groups: one group undergoing @entity365 ( @entity365 ) for 1h with an 8-mm dilator, and a non-instrumented control group. Four days after @entity365 , leak point pressures (LPP) and maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) were assessed in these @entity19 under @entity4774 (1g/kg, i.p.) anesthesia. After measuring LPP and MUCP, the animals were sacrificed, and the urethras were removed for proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology. Lastly, interaction between these proteins was further analyzed using MetaCore. RESULTS: LPP and MUCP values were significantly decreased in the 8-mm @entity365 groups compared with the non-instrumented control group. Sixty-eight differentially expressed proteins of urethra from female @entity19 with and without @entity365 were identified. Of these, 19 proteins were up-regulated and 49 were down-regulated. The majority of the @entity365 -induced proteins were involved in generation of precursor metabolites and energy, oxidation of reduction, regulation of apoptosis, and glycolysis. Myosin expression in the urethra was significantly decreased in the 8-mm @entity365 group as compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: As a model of simulated @entity600 , @entity365 can induce @entity3142 in female @entity19 . Under-expression of myosin plays a plausible role in the pathogenesis of @entity3142 following vaginal @entity130 .

title: Proteomic analysis related to @entity3142 following vaginal @entity130 in female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth trauma']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal distension', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity510 are typically kept in the intensive care unit to be monitored for signs of delayed @entity2806 (DCI). Identifying @entity1 at lower risk for DCI could have a positive financial impact by allowing earlier transfer from the intensive care unit. METHODS: We analyzed 307 consecutive @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit. Demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging data were recorded. The relationship with absent DCI was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: DCI did not develop in 169 @entity1 (57.9%). Among factors at admission, age 68 years or older (P=0.0003; OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.66-6.39), World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) I to III at presentation (P=0.0003; OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.57-4.79), WFNS I to III at worst (P=0.0003; OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.48-3.87), WFNS I to III after resuscitation (P=0.0006; OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.56-5.32), modified Fisher grade 1 to 2 (P=0.0021; OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.37-4.47), absence of intracranial @entity1410 (P=0.0042; OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.29-4.01), and @entity439 in the posterior circulation (P=0.025; OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.07-2.87) were associated with absence of DCI. On multivariate analysis, a model including age 68 years or older, WFNS I to III at presentation and a modified Fisher grade 1 to 2 were independently predictive of the absence of DCI, with a specificity of 100% and a positive predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a new model that can reliably identify @entity1 with @entity510 who are at very low risk for DCI. These @entity1 could be candidates for early transfer to the general ward.

title: Predicting the lack of development of delayed @entity2806 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Family @entity159 ( @entity159 ) is an important source of @entity1 health disparities in the USA. Chronic stress is one way @entity159 may impact @entity1 's physiology with implications for later health inequalities. These processes may work differently across childhood due to differences in exposure and susceptibility to stressors at different ages. We assess associations between family @entity159 and one biomarker of chronic stress exposure-low-grade @entity32 detected by elevated @entity1851 ( @entity1851 )-and evaluate differences in the associations by @entity1 age. METHODS: We used nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Tobit regression models to estimate @entity159 associations with @entity1851 and the moderating effects of age for @entity1 age 2-18   years. Our sample was limited to @entity1851  <=10   mg/l to focus on low-grade @entity32 (N=13   165). RESULTS: @entity1 whose parent had less than a high school degree had 35% higher @entity1851 than those with a college graduate parent; and, poor @entity1 had 24% higher @entity1851 than those with high family income, net of controls. When @entity1 's body mass index was accounted for, low education and poverty associations were reduced to 19% and 15%, respectively. @entity1 age interactions were negative and significant for both parental education and family income. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new evidence that @entity159 is associated with low-grade @entity32 in @entity1 , and that these associations may be particularly strong during early and mid-childhood. Future research should further our understanding of stressors related to low family @entity159 that may lead to immune @entity262 during childhood.

title: Socioeconomic status inequalities in low-grade XXXX during childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['system dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Alteration of placental structure may influence fetal overgrowth and complications of @entity6 . We examined the placenta in a cohort of offspring of mothers with type 1 @entity6 (OT1DM) to assess structural changes and determine whether these were related to maternal @entity3916 , fetal hematocrit, fetal hormonal, or metabolic axes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Placental samples were analyzed using stereological techniques to quantify volumes and surface areas of key placental components in 88 OT1DM and 39 control subjects, and results related to maternal @entity3916 and umbilical cord analytes (insulin, @entity1243 , @entity1254 , @entity442 , hematocrit, lipids, @entity1851 , and @entity650 ). RESULTS: Intervillous space volume was increased in OT1DM (OT1DM 250 + or - 81 cm(3) vs. control 217 + or - 65 cm(3); P = 0.02) with anisomorphic growth of villi (P = 0.025). The placentas showed a trend to increased weight (OT1DM 690 + or - 19 g; control 641 + or - 22 g; P = 0.08), but villous, nonparenchymal, trophoblast, and capillary volumes did not differ. Villous surface area, capillary surface area, membrane thickness, and calculated morphometric diffusing capacity were also similar in type 1 @entity6 and control subjects. @entity3916 at 26-34 weeks associated with birth weight (r = 0.27, P = 0.03), placental weight (r = 0.41, P = 0.0009), and intervillous space volume (r = 0.38, P = 0.0024). In multivariate analysis of cord parameters in OT1DM, fetal @entity442 emerged as a significant correlate of most components (intervillous space, villous, trophoblast, and capillary volumes, all P < 0.01). By contrast, fetal insulin was only independently associated with capillary surface area (positive, r(2) = 6.7%; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: There are minimal placental structural differences between OT1DM and control subjects. Fetal @entity442 but not fetal insulin emerges as a key correlate of placental substructural volumes, thereby facilitating feedback to the placenta regarding fetal metabolic demand.

title: Placental structure in type 1 @entity6 : relation to fetal insulin, XXXX , and @entity442 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'maternal diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity911 is an adverse drug reaction frequently observed with @entity1092 . Some case reports are published in the literature but no systematic study from a sample of @entity1 has been published. We performed this study in order to describe the main characteristics of this adverse drug reaction. METHODS: Using the French Pharmacovigilance database, we selected the cases of @entity911 reported since 1985 with @entity1092 . RESULTS: 272 cases of @entity911 were reported with @entity1092 : 153 @entity1 and 119 @entity1 . @entity911 mostly occurred during the two first weeks following @entity1092 exposure (39.7%). It was "serious" for almost 2/3 of the @entity1 (62.5%) and its outcome favourable in most of the cases (82%). The occurrence of this ADR was more frequent in @entity1 aged between 61 and 80 years. CONCLUSION: This work shows that @entity911 with @entity1092 is a serious, rather frequent but reversible adverse drug reaction. It occurs especially in older @entity1 and during the first two weeks of treatment.

title: XXXX , a rather serious adverse drug reaction with @entity1092 : a review of the French Pharmacovigilance database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion', 'Confusion']

answer: @entity911 :: (MESH:D003221,Disease) :: ['Confusion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: As treatments of the extra-cardiac complications of @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) improve, males with @entity3986 are more likely to develop @entity299 . The impact of @entity296 or @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) on hospitalizations and in hospital mortality are not known. We performed an analysis of inpatient admission data for @entity1 with @entity3986 using the Pediatric Health Information System database. We selected males who were 6  years or older with diagnosis codes of @entity3986 and @entity299 including @entity296 / @entity712 and @entity1165 between 2003 and 2013. We created a logistic regression model to identify predictors of subsequent @entity1167 or @entity204 in @entity3986 @entity1 . We also compared hospital charges, lengths of stay and ages among @entity3986 @entity1 with or without @entity299 . Our logistic regression model showed that @entity1165 (OR 5.41, 95  % CI 2.83, 10.34) and @entity296 / @entity712 (OR 1.79, 95  % CI 1.05, 3.04) were risk factors for @entity1167 or @entity204 . Of the 84 cardiac arrests or deaths in 3363 @entity3986 @entity1 , 49 (58  %) were related to @entity299 . Nineteen (39  %) of these events occurred in @entity3986 @entity1 with @entity1165 . The mean hospital charges and the mean length of stay were greater and longer in @entity3986 @entity1 with @entity1165 compared to those without @entity299 and those with only @entity296 / @entity712 (p  <  0.05). @entity299 is a significant burden in hospitalized @entity3986 @entity1 . Our results suggest that @entity1165 and @entity296 / @entity712 are associated with an increased risk of @entity1167 or @entity204 in @entity3986 @entity1 .

title: @entity299 Burden and Risk of Mortality in Hospitalized Muscular Dystrophy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'Cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In @entity1 parturition, uterotonic @entity2918 (PGs) arise predominantly via increased expression of @entity3840 ( @entity2247 [also known as @entity3009 synthase 2]) within intrauterine tissues. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), both inducers of @entity2247 transcription, are among numerous factors that accumulate within amniotic fluid with advancing gestation. It was previously demonstrated that @entity4179 could potentiate @entity1356 -driven @entity1421 production in amnion and amnion-derived (WISH) cells. To define the mechanism for this observation, we hypothesized that @entity4179 and @entity1356 might exhibit synergism in regulating @entity2247 gene expression. In WISH cells, combined treatment with @entity4179 and @entity1356 resulted in a greater-than-additive increase in @entity2247 mRNA relative to challenge with either agent independently. Augmentation of @entity1356 -induced transactivation by @entity4179 was not observed in cells harboring reporter plasmids bearing @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) regulatory elements alone, but was evident when a fragment (-891/ +9) of the @entity2247 gene 5'-promoter was present. Both agents transiently activated intermediates of multiple signaling pathways potentially involved in the regulation of @entity2247 gene expression. The 26 S proteasome inhibitor, @entity16626 , selectively abrogated @entity1356 -driven @entity2451 activation and @entity2247 mRNA expression. Only pharmacologic blockade of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase eliminated @entity2247 expression following @entity4179 stimulation. We conclude that @entity4179 and @entity1356 appear to signal through different signaling cascades leading to @entity2247 gene expression. @entity1356 employs the @entity2451 pathway predominantly, while the spectrum of @entity4179 signaling is broader and includes p38 kinase. The synergism observed between @entity1356 and @entity4179 does not rely on augmented @entity2451 function, but rather, occurs through differential use of independent response elements within the @entity2247 promoter.

title: @entity4179 and interleukin-1beta utilize divergent signaling pathways to synergistically upregulate @entity3840 gene expression in XXXX amnion-derived WISH cells.

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['NFkappaB', 'nuclear factor-kappa B']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity4729 is a transcription factor critical for the pluripotency of @entity1 embryonal stem (ES) and @entity910 ( @entity910 ) cells. @entity4729 is commonly expressed in germ-cell @entity5 as well as putative @entity5 stem cells in several @entity5 , and is a key determinant of oncogenic fate in germ-cell @entity5 . The capacity of the @entity1 immune system to recognize this critical stem-cell gene is not known, but has implications for preventing @entity5 with ES/ @entity910 -based therapies and targeting stem-cell pathways in @entity5 . Here we show that @entity4729 -specific T cells can be readily detected in freshly isolated T cells from most (>80%) healthy donors. The reactivity to @entity4729 -derived peptides resides primarily in the @entity1195 RO(+) memory T-cell compartment and consists predominantly of @entity404 (+) T cells. T cells reactive against @entity4729 -derived peptides can be readily expanded in culture using peptide-loaded dendritic cells. In contrast to healthy donors, immunity to @entity4729 was detected in only 35% of @entity1 with newly diagnosed germ-cell @entity5 . However, chemotherapy of germ-cell @entity5 led to the induction of anti- @entity4729 immunity in vivo in @entity1 lacking such responses at baseline. These data demonstrate the surprising lack of immune tolerance to this critical pluripotency antigen in @entity1 . Harnessing natural immunity to this antigen may allow immune-based targeting of pluripotency-related pathways for prevention of @entity5 , including those in the setting of ES/ @entity910 -based therapies.

title: Natural immunity to pluripotency antigen @entity4729 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['induced pluipotency stem', 'IPS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: To investigate the mechanism of expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide ( @entity8224 ) in @entity1 ventricles, we conducted an immunohistochemical study of @entity8224 in biventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens obtained from a total of 49 @entity1 with @entity384 due to @entity384 (21 @entity1 ), postmyocarditis (18 @entity1 ), or @entity1284 (five @entity1 ) and subjects with no dilatation as controls (five @entity1 ). Four-micron thick sections were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibody to alpha- @entity1 @entity8224 as the primary antibody. The frequency of @entity8224 -present myocytes was calculated in each specimen and compared with clinical, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, angiographic, and histologic parameters. @entity8224 -present myocytes were noted in all of the 21 @entity1 with @entity384 , in 11 of the 18 @entity1 with postmyocarditis, in four of the five @entity1 with @entity1284 , and in zero of the five controls. The mean percentage of @entity8224 -present myocytes was significantly greater in the left-side specimens (35 +/- 37%) than in the right-side ones (2 +/- 4%). The percentage of @entity8224 -present myocytes in the left-side specimens significantly correlated with peak systolic or end-diastolic wall stress (r = 0.67 and 0.58), left ventricular end-systolic or end-diastolic volume index (r = 0.75 and 0.69), or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.42) and inversely correlated with ejection fraction (r = -0.73), systolic left ventricular wall thickness (r = -0.58), or cardiac index (r = -0.30). Expression of @entity8224 was rarely seen in the cases with normal wall stresses, normal ejection fraction, normal volume, or normal myocyte size. However, it was seen frequently even in hearts with normal levels of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and cardiac index (compensated hearts). The percent of @entity8224 -present myocytes in both sides significantly correlated with size of myocytes (r = 0.48 at right and r = 0.57 at left side) or degree of @entity82 (r = 0.45 at right and r = 0.48 at left side). These results suggest that @entity8224 expression is augmented in the dilated ventricles regardless of the causes of dilatation and that the augmentation is a compensatory mechanism as prevention against decompensation responding to reduced contractility, excess of wall stresses, or both, concomitantly occurring with @entity384 and @entity1283 .

title: Ventricular expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide and its relations with hemodynamics and histology in dilated XXXX hearts. Immunohistochemical study of the endomyocardial biopsy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dilatation', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is a serious adverse complication after @entity64 . The combination of a vertical numerical @entity158 rating scale (NPRS) and a faces @entity158 scale ( @entity27339 ) has been advocated to measure @entity158 after @entity64 . OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate whether an NPRS supplemented with an @entity27339 ( @entity27339 ) would show good test-retest reliability in @entity1 with @entity64 . The relative and absolute reliability of the @entity27339 were examined. DESIGN: A test-retest design was used for this study. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 (>3 months after @entity64 ) participating in an outpatient occupational therapy program were recruited through medical centers to rate current @entity158 intensity twice, at a 1-week interval, with the @entity27339 (on a scale from 0 to 10). The relative reliability of the @entity27339 was analyzed with the intraclass correlation coefficient for determining the degree of consistency and agreement between 2 measures. The standard error of measurement, the smallest real difference, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement were the absolute reliability indexes used to quantify measurement errors and determine systematic biases of repeated measurements. RESULTS: The relative reliability of the @entity27339 was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient=.82). The standard error of measurement and the smallest real difference at the 90% confidence interval of the @entity27339 were 0.81 and 1.87, respectively. The Bland-Altman analyses revealed no significant systematic bias between repeated measurements for the @entity27339 . The range of the limits of agreement for the @entity27339 was narrow (-2.50 to 1.90), indicating a high level of stability and little variation over time. LIMITATIONS: The @entity158 intensity of the @entity1 ranged from no @entity158 to a moderate level of @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the @entity27339 is a reliable measure of @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity64 , with good relative and absolute reliability.

title: Relative and absolute reliability of a vertical numerical @entity158 rating scale supplemented with a faces @entity158 scale after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: We report 3 cases of the occurrence of adverse events in @entity1 with @entity30 who were given @entity30978 . The first case involved a 43-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity401 requiring intubation after switching from @entity2983 to @entity3378 . Thereafter, @entity2983 was used without complications. When @entity3378 was reintroduced, the symptoms recurred. A second @entity1 was a 56-year-old @entity1 who experienced worsening of abdominal symptoms after commencing @entity2983 for an exacerbation of @entity30 ; these symptoms improved following discontinuation of @entity2983 . A third @entity1 , a 23-year-old @entity1 , had been treated with @entity2983 for @entity30 for 6 months when @entity4184 was added because of insufficient response. After 3 weeks she was hospitalized for acute @entity788 , which resolved after both medications were discontinued. @entity788 due to @entity4184 has not been previously described, but @entity2983 is known to cause @entity788 even after uncomplicated long-term use. Although effective in @entity31 , @entity5586 is not an effective treatment for @entity30 in general. Although adverse effects are rare, physicians should be aware of them and avoid unnecessary use.

title: [ @entity2983 and @entity3378 for XXXX : few indications, severe adverse reactions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity5586 :: ('MESH:D010131', 'Chemical') :: ['aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity30978 :: ('MESH:D000636', 'Chemical') :: ['aminosalicylic acids']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: At a short-term tetanic stimulation of fast muscle in response to subsequent single stimulation there is recorded a temporary increase of the strength of single contractions that returns to the initial background after 6--10 min. This phenomenon is called @entity841 ( @entity841 ) and is recorded only in fast muscles. The goal of the present work was a study of effect of motor innervation on the course of @entity841 in @entity35 m. extensor digitorum longus (m. Edl). It has been established that the first signs of effect of motor denervation on the @entity841 course after section of sciatic nerve in the area of popliteal fossa are recorded as early as at the 4th day after denervation and are expressed in a decrease of strength of single contractions after cessation of tetanic stimulation. These changes reach its maximum at the 14--15th day after denervation when effect of @entity841 in denervation muscle does not appear at all. Pharmacological analysis of the studied phenomenon has shown that @entity592 (10 microM) suppresses amplitude of the single contraction, but does not prevent the appearance of @entity841 in intact muscle. In the denervation of m. Edl, instead of the appearance of @entity841 , after a brief slight increase, a gradual decrease of the strength of contraction is recorded. Thus, it can be concluded that no significant @entity841 changes are present under action of @entity592 . It has been established that after the 10-min muscle incubation in Ringer's solution with @entity5834 (4 mM), strength of the single contraction in intact and denervated muscles increases by approximately equal value. Tetanization of intact muscle increases strength of the single contraction approximately by 7 % more than this occurs after incubation with @entity5834 , i. e., this substance reduces the capability of muscle for the appearance of @entity841 . On denervation muscle, @entity5834 increases strength of singly contraction, but does not potentiate development of @entity841 . The obtained data allow concluding about the existence of different mechanisms underlying the pretetatnic contraction and @entity841 of the single contraction. The main difference between two types of contractions can be recruiting of additional DICR-channels in the process of contraction under conditions of @entity841 .

title: [Effect of neurogenic inactivity on posttetanic responses of XXXX fast muscle].

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['PTP', 'posttetanic potentiation']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To search for differentially expressed gene products in selected @entity5 of endodermal origin, cDNA libraries derived from mRNA in @entity1 @entity157 and adjacent grossly normal tissue were generated. From these parent libraries, subtracted cDNA libraries of @entity5 minus normal and normal minus @entity5 tissues were constructed. After screening these subtracted libraries by +/- hybridization, a cDNA clone that is @entity157 and encodes the @entity1 @entity28886 (P0) was identified. We then evaluated the expression of this phosphoprotein P0 in @entity1 @entity694 samples. Surgical specimens of @entity5 and liver metastases were examined by Northern hybridization of total RNA with one of 2 32P-labeled P0 probes. The mRNA level of the P0 was greater in primary @entity694 than in paired adjacent normal colonic epithelium in 36 of 38 cases; the mean @entity5 /normal ratio was 2.7 (range, up to 13). The @entity5 /normal ratio, when plotted against the @entity5 , gave evidence for increasing P0 expression with increasing stage of @entity694 (P = 0.02). In all 8 cases of paired @entity694 metastatic to liver and 2 cases of paired primary @entity157 , the P0 mRNA level was greater in @entity5 than in adjacent normal liver tissue. The mean @entity5 /normal ratio was 4.0 (range, up to 11) for the @entity694 metastatic to liver and 4.2 for the primary @entity157 samples. These findings support a common increased expression of selected gene products in different @entity5 of endodermal origin and suggest that increased P0 expression, in line with certain other ribosomal proteins, may be associated with @entity1 @entity14 progression and biological @entity146 .

title: Increased expression of @entity1 ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 messenger RNA in XXXX and @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers', "Dukes' stage of disease", 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity28886 :: ('6175', 'Gene') :: ['acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity916 - @entity1369 system may be @entity308 in subjects exercising at high altitude, thereby preventing excessive @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) and @entity1369 levels, which could favor the onset of @entity5754 . The role of beta-adrenoceptors in hormonal responses to @entity519 was investigated in 12 subjects treated with a nonselective beta-blocker, @entity7690 . The subjects performed a standardized maximal bicycle ergometer exercise with (P) and without (C) acute @entity7690 treatment (15 mg/day) at sea level, as well as during a 5-day period at high altitude (4,350 m, barometric pressure 450 mmHg). During sea-level exercise, @entity7690 caused a reduction in plasma @entity916 activity (PRA, 2.83 +/- 0.35 vs. 5.13 +/- 0.7 ng @entity2178 .ml-1.h-1, P less than 0.01), an increase in plasma alpha-atrial natriuretic factor (alpha-ANF) level (23.1 +/- 2.9 (P) vs. 10.4 +/- 1.5 (C) pmol/1, P less than 0.01), and no change in plasma @entity1369 concentration [0.50 +/- 0.04 (P) vs. 0.53 +/- 0.03 (C) nmol/1]. Compared with sea-level values, PRA (3.45 +/- 0.7 ng @entity2178 .ml-1.h-1) and PA (0.39 +/- 0.03 nmol/1) were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) during exercise at high altitude. alpha-ANF was not affected by @entity519 . When beta-blockade was achieved at high altitude, exercise-induced elevation in PRA was completely abolished, but no additional decline in PA occurred. Plasma @entity1063 and @entity1425 concentrations tended to be lower during maximal exercise at altitude; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Our results provide further evidence that @entity519 has a suppressive effect on the @entity916 - @entity1369 system. However, beta-adrenergic mechanisms do not appear to be responsible for inhibition of @entity916 secretion at high altitude.

title: Effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on @entity916 - XXXX and alpha-ANF during exercise at altitude.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5754 :: ('MESH:D000532', 'Disease') :: ['acute mountain sickness']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'ANG I']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) has a very poor prognosis and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. @entity463 appears to be an optimal target for anti-angiogenic therapy as the @entity5 shows a high degree of endothelial cell proliferation and pro-angiogenic growth factor expression. OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of angiogenic factors (particularly @entity7 ) in @entity11 and whether inhibition of these factors can be used as a treatment. METHODS: A review of relevant literature. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Anti-angiogenic therapy has fulfilled the proof of concept in @entity11 animal models. In @entity11 @entity1 , the efficacy of anti-angiogenic mono-therapies initially has been disappointing. However recent clinical trials combining bevacizumab, an anti- @entity7 antibody, with chemotherapy reported very encouraging response rates. Although randomized phase III clinical trials with anti-angiogenic molecules are not yet available for @entity463 @entity1 , this treatment regimen is already applied off protocol in several clinical centers. It should be kept in mind though that @entity5 can develop escape mechanisms. In particular invasive cells, which migrate away from the highly vascularized @entity5 core, are not targeted by anti-angiogenic therapies. In our opinion, the future of anti-angiogenic therapy will rely on a combination strategy including chemotherapy and drugs that target invasive @entity11 cells.

title: Anti- @entity7 therapies for XXXX : treatment effects and escape mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: Holocellular @entity904 binding protein (holo- @entity32502 ) was substrate for retinal synthesis at physiological pH with microsomes prepared from @entity35 liver, kidney, lung, and testes. Four observations indicated that retinal synthesis was supported by holo- @entity32502 directly, rather than by the unbound @entity904 in equilibrium with @entity32502 . First, the rate of retinal synthesis with holo- @entity32502 exceeded the rate that was observed from the concentration of unbound @entity904 in equilibrium with @entity32502 . Second, @entity1110 was the preferred cofactor only with holo- @entity32502 , supporting a rate about 3-fold greater than that of @entity2125 . In contrast, with unbound @entity904 as substrate, similar rates of retinal formation were supported by either @entity2125 or @entity1110 . Third, the rate of retinal synthesis was not related to the decrease in the concentration of unbound @entity904 in equilibrium with holo- @entity32502 caused by increasing the concentration of apo- @entity32502 . Fourth, the rate of retinal synthesis increased with increases in the concentration of holo- @entity32502 as a fixed concentration of unbound @entity904 was maintained. This was achieved by increasing both apo- @entity32502 and holo- @entity32502 , but keeping constant the ratio apo- @entity32502 /holo- @entity32502 . Retinal formation from holo- @entity32502 displayed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km about 1.6 microM, less than the physiological retinal concentration of 4-10 microM in the livers of @entity35 fed diets with recommended @entity904 levels. The Vmax for @entity5995 formation from holo- @entity32502 was 14-17 pmol min-1 (mg of protein)-1, a rate sufficiently high to generate adequate retinal to contribute significantly to @entity1968 synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Holocellular XXXX binding protein as a substrate for microsomal retinal synthesis.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['retinol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To define molecular biology in clinical practice for diagnosis, surgical management, and prognostication of @entity259 . DATA SOURCES: Ovid Medline 2006-2012 REVIEW METHODS: Manuscripts with clinical correlates. RESULTS: @entity3557 harbor point mutations of the @entity817 and RAS genes or @entity8958 /PTC rearrangements, all of which activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. These mutually exclusive mutations are found in 70% of PTC. @entity817 mutation is found in 45% of @entity3557 and is highly specific. @entity189 are known to harbor RAS mutation or @entity15529 / @entity6864 rearrangement. These mutations are also mutually exclusive and identified in 70% of @entity189 . Molecular classifiers measure the expression of a large number of genes on a microarray chip providing a substantial negative predictive value pending further validation. CONCLUSIONS: 1) 20% to 30% of cytologically classified @entity5 and Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance collectively are malignant on final pathology. Approximately 70% to 80% of thyroid lobectomies performed solely for diagnostic purposes are benign. Molecular alteration testing may reduce the number of unnecessary thyroid procedures, 2) may reduce the number of completion thyroidectomies, and 3) may lead to more individualized operative and postoperative management. Molecular testing for @entity817 , RAS, @entity8958 /PTC, and @entity15529 / @entity6864 for follicular lesion of undetermined significance and @entity5 improve specificity, whereas molecular classifiers may add negative predictive value to fine needle aspiration diagnosis.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX using molecular biology.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Follicular Neoplasms', 'follicular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinomas', 'Follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although pacing from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) has been shown to be safe and feasible in terms of sensing and pacing thresholds, its use as a site for @entity737 ( @entity737 ) leads is not common. This is probably due to physicians' concerns about defibrillation efficacy. To date, only one randomized trial, involving 87 enrolled @entity1 , has evaluated this issue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this observational study has been to compare safety (primary combined end point: efficacy of a 14-J shock in restoring sinus rhythm, R wave amplitude >4 mV and pacing threshold <1 V at 0.5 ms) and efficacy (in terms of effectiveness of a 14-J shock in restoring sinus rhythm after induction of VF, secondary end point) of two different sites for @entity737 lead positioning: RVOT and right ventricular apex (RVA). METHODS: The study involved 185 @entity1 (153 males; aged 67        10 years; range, 28-82 years). Site of implant was left to physician's decision. After implant, VF was induced with a 1-J shock over the T wave or--if this method was ineffective--with a 50-Hz burst, and a 14-J shock was tested in order to restore sinus rhythm. If this energy was ineffective, a second shock at 21 J was administered and--eventually--a 31-J shock followed--in case of inefficacy--by a 360-J biphasic external DC shock. Sensing and pacing thresholds were recorded in the database at implant, together with acute (within 3 days of implant) dislodgement rate. RESULTS: The combined primary end point was reached in 57 @entity1 in the RVOT group (0.70%) and in 81 @entity1 in the RVA group (0.79%). The 14-J shock was effective in 159 @entity1 , 63 in the RVOT group (77%) and 86 in the RVA group (83%). Both the primary and the secondary end points are not statistically different. R wave amplitude was significantly lower in the RVOT group (10.9        5.2 mV vs. 15.6        6.4 mV, p   <   0.0001), and pacing threshold at 0.5 ms was significantly higher (0.64        0.25 V vs. 0.52        0.20 V, p   <   0.01), but these differences do not seem to have a clinical meaning, given that the lower values are well above the accepted limits in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy and safety of @entity737 lead positioning in RVOT is comparable to RVA. Even if we observed statistically significant differences in sensing and pacing threshold, the clinical meaning of these differences is--in our opinion--irrelevant.

title: An observational registry on efficacy and safety of the right ventricular outflow tract as a site for @entity737 leads: results of the EFFORT (EFFicacy Of Right ventricular outflow Tract as site for XXXX leads) registry.

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillator', 'ICD']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['ICD']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in self-rated disability, @entity158 , and anticipatory postural adjustments between specific trunk exercise and general exercise in @entity1 with @entity1643 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1643 is associated with altered motor control of the trunk muscles. The best exercise to address altered motor control is unclear. METHODS: Sixty-four @entity1 with @entity1643 were randomly assigned to a specific trunk exercise group (SEG) that included skilled cognitive activation of the trunk muscles in addition to a number of other best practice exercises, whereas the general exercise group performed only seated cycling exercise. The training program lasted for 8 weeks. Self-rated disability and @entity158 scores were collected before and after the training period. Electromyographic activity of various trunk muscles was recorded during performance of a rapid shoulder flexion task before and after training. Muscle onsets were calculated, and the latency time (in ms) between the onset of each trunk muscle and the anterior deltoid formed the basis of the motor control analysis. RESULTS: After training, disability was significantly lower in the SEG (d = 0.62, P = 0.018). @entity158 was reduced in both groups after training (P < 0.05), but was lower for the SEG (P < 0.05). Despite the general exercise group performing no specific trunk exercise, similar changes in trunk muscle onsets were observed in both groups after training. CONCLUSION: SEG elicited significant reductions in self-rated disability and @entity158 , whereas similar between-group changes in trunk muscle onsets were observed. The motor control adaptation seems to reflect a strategy of improved coordination between the trunk muscles with the unilateral shoulder movement. @entity121 during rapid limb movement do not seem to be a valid mechanism of action for specific trunk exercise rehabilitation programs.

title: Specific trunk and general exercise elicit similar changes in anticipatory postural adjustments in @entity1 with XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'Chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Trunk muscle onsets']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinicopathological findings and prognosis of small-sized anterior mediastinal @entity5 (SSAMTs). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 43 @entity1 who underwent surgery between January 1989 and December 2011 for SSAMTs. RESULTS: From the preoperative radiological findings, the @entity5 were classified into solid (n = 28) and @entity5409 (n = 15). The pathological diagnoses of the solid lesions included @entity704 (n = 24), @entity704 (n = 1), mucosa-associated @entity706 (n = 1), @entity44 (n = 1) and @entity3292 (n = 1), and those of the @entity5409 included thymic cysts (n = 8), @entity704 (n = 3), @entity5619 (n = 2), @entity44 , (n = 1) and a @entity20068 (n = 1). The 27 @entity704 were composed of stages I (n = 22), II (n = 3), III (n = 1) and IVb (n = 1). The overall survival in the 43 @entity1 was 97.1 % at 5 years. In the 28 @entity1 with solid lesions, the overall survival was 95.8 % at 5 years. All @entity1 with @entity5409 were still alive at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Cystic lesions of SSAMTs were benign lesions or stage I @entity704 , and most of the solid lesions of SSAMTs were stage I or II @entity704 . SSAMTs are good candidates for video-assisted thoracic surgery procedures, as conversion to sternotomy can be selected based on the intraoperative findings of pericardial invasion and a rapid pathological diagnosis of @entity704 .

title: Clinicopathological analysis of small-sized anterior mediastinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5619 :: ('MESH:D001994', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic cysts']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'thymoma', 'thymomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid tissue lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity20068 :: ('MESH:D008476', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial cyst']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To suggest that sub-Tenon @entity2995 (TA) injections may be a helpful supplement in @entity1 with @entity3170 . DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all @entity1 at our institution receiving sub-Tenon TA injections for @entity3170 between August 2001 and August 2007. Outcome measures included subjective improvement, presence of @entity32 , and adverse events. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (12 eyes) were included in this study. The mean age was 50 years; 2 @entity1 were male and 9 female. Six @entity1 had @entity792 . All @entity1 were receiving systemic medications for @entity3170 at the time of injection. Mean initial follow-up time was 3 weeks. Ten of 11 @entity1 reported subjective improvement, and 10 @entity1 had improvement in objective @entity32 . Three @entity1 had adverse side effects, including @entity2790 , worsening of @entity231 , and @entity548 with periorbital ecchymosis. CONCLUSIONS: Sub-Tenon TA injections may be a useful adjunct to achieving transient, partial improvement of subjective @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity3170 while awaiting systemic medications to take effect. Adverse events were manageable in this small series.

title: Evaluation of sub-Tenon XXXX injections in the treatment of @entity3170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subconjunctival hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and objective inflammation']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['systemic autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['scleritis']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the expression levels of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein @entity22769 in nasopharyngeal cancer tissues and its prognostic significance in @entity189 after radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 83 @entity1 with @entity189 who received radiotherapy were enrolled in this study from January 2008 to October 2010. @entity22769 expression in nasopharynx pathological specimens extracted from @entity1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to explore the effects of clinicopathological features and @entity22769 expression on the overall survival and progression-free survival of @entity1 with @entity189 , and explore its prognosis relevance after radiotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 83 @entity1 with @entity189 , the overall @entity22769 positive expression rate was 65.1% (54  @entity1 ), and the overall response rate of radiotherapy was 81.9% (68 @entity1 ). Significant differences in radiotherapy efficacy were found between @entity1 who did not express @entity22769 and those who did (P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that @entity22769 expression, high clinical staging, cervical lymph node @entity3 , high T-staging and high N-staging were significantly correlated with a decrease in the overall survival of @entity1 with @entity189 (all P<0.05). A Cox multivariate survival analysis showed that @entity22769 expression, clinical staging and N-staging were independent risk factors for the overall survival of @entity1 with @entity189 treated with radiation (all P<0.05). Furthermore, @entity22769 expression and clinical staging were independent risk factors for the progression-free survival of @entity1 with @entity189 once radiotherapy was introduced (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Expression of @entity22769 , an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, may be closely linked with poor prognosis of @entity189 post-radiotherapy and hence it may be a new therapeutic target in the treatment of the disease.

title: Prognostic significance of @entity22769 expression in XXXX after radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: Local anesthetic infiltration is painful and frightening for @entity1 . We prospectively compared a topical alternative, @entity11636 solution ( @entity6513 0.5%, adrenaline 1:2,000, @entity2072 11.8%), with 1% @entity3303 infiltration for use in laceration repair in 467 @entity1 . Adequate anesthesia of @entity28583 was achieved for 81% of @entity11636 -treated wounds versus 87% of @entity3303 -treated wounds (P = .005). @entity11636 was less effective on extremity wounds; 43% had effective anesthesia compared with 89% of @entity3303 -treated extremity wounds (P less than .0001). No systemic @entity137 was observed. The incidence of wound @entity281 was 2.2% for both @entity11636 and @entity3303 . Wound dehiscence occurred in seven @entity11636 - and two @entity3303 -treated @entity28583 (4.5% vs 1.8%, NS) and in five @entity11636 - and four @entity3303 -treated extremity wounds (20% vs 17.4%, NS). The unusually high rate of dehiscence was due partially to recurrent @entity130 or coincident @entity281 . @entity11636 was well accepted by @entity1 and parents. We encourage the careful use of @entity11636 as a less painful alternative to @entity3303 infiltration for selected scalp and @entity4551 in @entity1 .

title: Comparison of topical @entity6513 , adrenaline, and @entity2072 anesthesia with @entity3303 infiltration for repair of lacerations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity28583 :: ('MESH:D012536', 'Disease') :: ['facial and scalp wounds', 'facial or scalp wounds']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['facial lacerations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Objective. Caring for a @entity1 with @entity73 has an important impact on the general well-being of family caregivers. Although highly appreciated, interventions in @entity303 home care remain mainly ineffective in terms of well-being. Consequently, in spite of an extensive support system, abrupt ending of home care remains more rule than exception. Method. The hypothesis was that the intervention of a care counselor, coordinating care in quasi-unstructured way during one year, will alleviate caregivers' feelings of @entity308 . The study population was composed of @entity497 @entity1 with @entity73 . A care counselor was at the exclusive disposal of the intervention group. Primary outcome measure was caregiver @entity308 . Results. Finally, @entity308 was 6.25 times less frequent in the intervention group. The actual intervention appeared minimal with only ten applications for more support followed by only three interventions effectively carried out. Although caregivers felt burdened and @entity308 , formal support remained stable. On the other hand, the availability of the care counselor made caregivers feel less @entity308 with the same amount of support. Conclusion. Carers do not always need to be surrounded with more professionals, but they want to feel more supported. In terms of policy, this could have some important implications.

title: Supporting family carers of @entity497 elder with XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-dwelling']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: Age is one of the most important predictors of outcome after @entity1 @entity131 . This study used fluid percussion @entity1545 to investigate the effects of aging on outcome after @entity1545 in @entity35 . Three-month-old (n = 8) and 20-month-old (n = 11) @entity35 were injured at a low level (1.7-1.8 atm) of fluid percussion @entity1545 or received a sham injury (n = 6 for both age groups). Body weight and motor function (beam balance and beam walking) were assessed before injury and for the first 5 days after injury. Cognitive outcome was assessed with the Morris water maze on Days 11 to 15 after injury. Injury did not produce significant weight loss in either age group. At the low level of @entity1545 used in this study, the 3-month-old @entity35 did not demonstrate any significant @entity51 on the beam-balance or beam-walking tasks. However, the 20-month-old @entity35 displayed significant beam-balance deficits on each of the 5 postinjury test days and significant beam-walking deficits for the first 3 postinjury days. Although Morris water maze performance was impaired in both age groups, the magnitude of impairment was greater in the aged animals. These data demonstrate that @entity131 in the aged animal is marked by increased motor and @entity73 , in the absence of pronounced compromise of the animal's general health.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of age on motor and @entity73 after XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of antifibrinolytic agents in @entity572 ( @entity572 ) is well supported; however, most studies used @entity927 ( @entity928 ), whereas few used   @entity929 ( @entity930 ), a similar antifibrinolytic. This study compares the efficacy and cost per surgery of intraoperative infusion of @entity930 and @entity928 in reducing postoperative blood transfusion rates in @entity572 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 1799 primary unilateral @entity572 cases from April 2012 through December 2014 at 5 hospitals within our health care network. RESULTS: In our cohort, 711 received @entity930 , 445 received @entity928 , and 643 (control group) received no antifibrinolytic. Both antifibrinolytic groups had significantly fewer @entity1 receiving red blood cell (RBC) transfusions when compared with control group ( @entity930 6.8% [P < .0001], @entity928 9.7% [P < .0001] vs control group 24.7%). Average number of RBC units per @entity1 were similar for @entity930 and @entity928 (0.11 units/ @entity1 and 0.15 units/ @entity1 , respectively), and both were significantly lower than the control group (0.48 units/ @entity1 , P < .0001). No significant difference was noted in mean RBC units per @entity1 and percentage of @entity1 transfused between @entity930 and @entity928 groups (P  = .144, P  = .074). Logistic regression showed no difference between @entity930 and @entity928 when adjusting for age, gender, higher severity of illness levels, admission hemoglobin, performing surgeon, and hospital. Medication acquisition cost for @entity930 averaged  2.70 per surgery compared with @entity928 at  39.58 per surgery. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative antifibrinolytic use significantly decreases need for postoperative blood transfusions. At our institution, @entity930 is comparable to @entity928 in @entity572 for reducing transfusion rates while at a lower cost per surgery.

title: Comparison of   - @entity929 and XXXX in Reducing Postoperative Transfusions in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['-aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic Acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a series of @entity1 with molecularly confirmed mutation in @entity6678 causing @entity3987 but with unilateral clinical manifestation. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. METHODS: Setting: Moorfields Eye Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London (United Kingdom). @entity1 : Five @entity1 (10 eyes) with uniocular manifestation of @entity6678 mutation causing @entity3987 were ascertained retrospectively from the clinical and genetic databases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 had full ophthalmologic examination, color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and detailed electrophysiological assessment. Genetic testing was performed. RESULTS: All cases had a clinical appearance typical of and consistent with @entity3987 at various stages, except that the presentation was unilateral. The reduced electrooculogram light rise was bilateral and in the context of normal electroretinograms therefore indicates generalized dysfunction at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Mutation in @entity6678 has variable penetrance and expressivity, and can be uniocular. The  clinical and electrophysiological features described assist targeted mutational screening and alert to the potential diagnosis even when there is an atypical unilateral presentation.

title: Unilateral XXXX -Associated Retinopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['Best disease']

answer: @entity6678 :: (7439,Gene) :: ['BEST1']


abstract: PURPOSE: Many physicians express a relatively nihilistic approach to the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with portal vein @entity5 thrombus (PVTT). Consensus among surgeons regarding the indications for an aggressive approach has not been reached. Current study was aimed to determine whether an aggressive approach, with an extended resection with thrombectomy and adjuvant therapy, would lead to an improved survival for @entity157 @entity1 with PVTT. METHODS: A retrospective review of 116 @entity157 @entity1 with PVTT admitted from 1996 to 2006 was conducted. @entity1 were divided into 2 time-period (TP) cohorts, of them, 51 cases in the first 5 years ( @entity22154 ) and 65 in the last 5 years ( @entity26565 ). RESULTS: Surgical operations were performed on 68 @entity1 . Twenty-one surgical resections were performed in @entity22154 and forty-seven in @entity26565 . The extent of liver resections, as well as the frequency of thrombectomy, was greater in @entity26565 (P = 0.039). During both time-periods, an aggressive therapy was associated with improved survival (P < 0.02 @entity22154 , P < 0.001 @entity26565 ). Overall survival of all @entity1 in @entity26565 was significantly greater than in @entity22154 (P < 0.001), with a median survival of 15 months in @entity26565 , whereas in @entity22154 , the survival was only 9 months. The median 1-, 3-year survivals in @entity26565 (54 and 34%, respectively) were also greater than that in @entity22154 (31 and 7%, respectively). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that radical resection and adjuvant therapy were the independent predictors of overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: An aggressive approach, combining extended liver resection with thrombectomy and adjuvant therapy, leads to an improved survival in the @entity157 @entity1 with PVTT.

title: An aggressive approach leads to improved survival in XXXX @entity1 with portal vein @entity5 thrombus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the functionality of the transplanted induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in a @entity35 model of @entity2806 with use of @entity419 small-animal PET imaging. METHODS: @entity2500 was used to establish @entity2806 . Twenty-four male @entity35 were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: iPSC treatment, ESC treatment, and the control @entity4613 -buffered saline (PBS) injection. After neurologic function tests and baseline (18)F-FDG small-animal PET had been performed, 1.0 * 10(6) suspended iPSCs or ESCs were injected stereotactically into the left lateral ventricle. The treatment response was evaluated weekly by @entity419 PET scans and neurologic function tests. Histologic analyses and autoradiographic imaging were performed 4 wk after stem cell transplantation. RESULTS: Compared with the PBS injection group, higher @entity419 accumulation in the @entity385 was observed in both the iPSC and the ESC treatment groups during the 4-wk period (P < 0.05). @entity419 accumulation in the @entity385 increased steadily over time in the iPSC treatment group. At 1 and 2 wk after stem cell transplantation, significant recovery of @entity413 metabolism was found in the ESC treatment group (P < 0.05) and then decreased gradually. The neurologic score in both stem cell-treated groups was significantly lower than that in the PBS group, indicating functional improvement. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that transplanted stem cells survived and migrated close to the @entity63 region, and most of the stem cells expressed protein markers for cells of interest. CONCLUSION: @entity419 small-animal PET demonstrated metabolic recovery after iPSC and ESC transplantation in the @entity35 model of @entity2806 . iPSCs could be considered a potentially better therapeutic approach than ESCs and are worthy of further translational investigation.

title: PET demonstrates functional recovery after transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cells in a XXXX model of @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['Middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Surgical excision remains the standard and most reliable curative treatment for @entity189 , but frequently causes functional and cosmetic impairment of the eyelid. We therefore investigated the efficacy and safety of radiation therapy in @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with primary @entity189 underwent radiation therapy. @entity189 was histologically confirmed in 16 @entity1 , @entity957 in 6, and @entity1491 in 1. A total dose of 50-66.6 Gy (median, 60 Gy) was delivered to @entity5 sites in 18-37 fractions (median, 30 fractions). RESULTS: All but 3 of the 23 @entity1 had survived at a median follow-up period of 49 months. The overall survival and local progression-free rates were 87% and 93% at 2 years, and 80% and 93% at 5 years, respectively. Although radiation-induced @entity231 developed in 3 @entity1 , visual acuity in the other @entity1 was relatively well preserved. There were no other therapy-related @entity137 of grade 3 or greater. CONCLUSION: Radiation therapy is safe and effective for @entity1 with primary @entity189 . It appears to contribute to prolonged survival as a result of @entity5 control, and it also facilitates functional and cosmetic preservation of the eyelid.

title: Radiation therapy for primary XXXX control and visual function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'good tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the eyelid', 'Sebaceous carcinoma', 'eyelid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the eyelid: tumor']


abstract: Congenital or acquired @entity393 is often associated with a progressive @entity528 ( @entity2167 ) in the inner ear. The @entity2167 is composed of processes and axons of the bipolar spiral ganglion neurons (SGN), forming the connection between the hair cells in the inner ear cochlea and the cochlear nuclei (CN) in the @entity3308 ( @entity3308 ). Therefore, replacement of SGNs for restoring the @entity2167 to improve hearing function in @entity1 who receive a cochlear implantation or have severe @entity2167 malfunctions is an attractive idea. A @entity1 neural precursor cell (HNPC) is an appropriate donor cell to investigate, as it can be isolated and expanded in vitro with maintained potential to form neurons and glia. We recently developed a post-natal rodent in vitro auditory @entity3308 slice culture model including the CN and the central part of the @entity2167 for initial studies of candidate cells. Here we characterized the survival, distribution, phenotypic differentiation, and integration capacity of HNPCs into the auditory circuitry in vitro. HNPC aggregates (spheres) were deposited adjacent to or on top of the @entity3308 slices or as a monoculture (control). The results demonstrate that co-cultured HNPCs compared to monocultures (1) survive better, (2) distribute over a larger area, (3) to a larger extent and in a shorter time-frame form mature neuronal and glial phenotypes. HNPC showed the ability to extend neurites into host tissue. Our findings suggest that the HNPC- @entity3308 slice co-culture is appropriate for further investigations on the integration capacity of HNPCs into the auditory circuitry.

title: Neuronal differentiation and extensive migration of @entity1 neural precursor cells following co-culture with rat auditory XXXX slices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the auditory nerve']

answer: @entity3308 :: (MESH:D020295,Disease) :: ['brainstem']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study investigates the impact of scatter dose radiation to the testis on ejaculate and sperm counts from treatment of @entity263 with passive-scatter proton therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From March 2010 to November 2014, 20 @entity1 with low- or intermediate-risk @entity263 enrolled in an IRB-approved protocol and provided a semen sample prior to passive-scatter proton therapy and 6-12 months following treatment. @entity1 were excluded if they had high-risk @entity263 , received @entity342 deprivation therapy, were on alpha blockers (due to @entity2754 ) prior to treatment, had baseline sperm count <1 million, or were unable to produce a pre-treatment sample or could not provide a follow-up specimen. Sperm counts of 0 were considered @entity3893 and <15 million/ml were classified as @entity6660 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 were unable to provide a sufficient quantity of semen for analysis. Among the 16 remaining @entity1 , only one was found to have @entity6660 (7 million/ml). There was a statistically significant reduction in semen volume (median, 0.5   ml) and increase in pH (median 0.5). Although not statistically significant, there appeared to be a decline in sperm concentration (median, 16 million/ml), total sperm count (median, 98.5 million), normal morphology (median, 9%), and rapid progressive motility (median, 9.5%). DISCUSSION: @entity1 did not have @entity3893 6-12 months following passive-scatter proton therapy indicating minimal scatter radiation to the testis during treatment. Changes in semen quantity and consistency may occur due to prostate irradiation, which could impact future fertility and/or sexual activity.

title: Sperm preservation and neutron contamination following proton therapy for XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Prevalence of cigarette smoking varies widely in different countries, ranging, at the age of 13, from 2% to 5% (Sweden, United States) to more than 30% (Australia, Uruguay). Even if the prevalence of smokers among male adolescents is decreasing in western countries, it is increasing among @entity1 and, in developing countries, male adolescent smokers still reach 40% (and up to 70%-80%). The determination of saliva @entity4874 levels, a product of @entity1239 metabolism, is an useful indicator of exposure to passive or active smoking. In a study of 210 @entity1 aged 9-13 years, we found detectable levels of saliva @entity4874 in 13% of @entity1 who lived in nonsmoking families and denied being regular smokers and in only 60% of @entity1 living in families with heavy cigarette consumption. This wide variations of a marker of smoking exposure may explain the differences in reported consequences of @entity286 smoke in investigations conducted in different places and on different target populations. We later studied the effects of environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) in a sample of 166 nine-year-old @entity1 . The relationship between parental smoking and degree of bronchial responsiveness in males was significant. Also, prick skin test reactivity to allergens was significantly increased in @entity1 of smoking parents. Many studies concerning the effects of ETS exposure seem to demonstrate that not only the lungs and not only @entity1 are affected even if the difficulty of the epidemiology in such a field must suggest caution in interpreting the results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Passive smoking in childhood-- XXXX smoke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Evidence is emerging indicating that @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ) participates in signaling in the retina. To determine whether @entity5596 might be involved in signaling in the inner retina specifically, we examine the effects of this @entity8483 on cultured retinal amacrine cells. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings reveal that @entity5596 activates a cation current that is dependent on signaling through G(i) and phospholipase C. These observations are consistent with the involvement of members of the @entity5596 receptor family of G-protein-coupled receptors in the production of the current. Immunocytochemistry and PCR amplification provide evidence for the expression of S1P1R and S1P3R in amacrine cells. The receptor-mediated channel activity is shown to be highly sensitive to blockade by lanthanides consistent with the behavior of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels. PCR products amplified from amacrine cells reveal that TRPCs 1 and 3-7 channel subunits have the potential to be expressed. Because TRPC channels provide a @entity141 entry pathway, we asked whether @entity5596 caused cytosolic @entity141 elevations in amacrine cells. We show that @entity5596 -dependent @entity141 elevations do occur in these cells and that they might be mediated by S1P1R and S1P3R. The @entity141 elevations are partially due to release from internal stores, but the largest contribution is from influx across the plasma membrane. The effect of inhibition of @entity5597 kinase suggests that the production of cytosolic @entity5596 underlies the sustained nature of the @entity141 elevations. Elucidation of the downstream effects of these signals will provide clues to the role of @entity5596 in regulating inner retinal function.

title: XXXX elicits receptor-dependent calcium signaling in retinal amacrine cells.

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity8483 :: ('CHEBI:26739', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipid']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity5595 :: (MESH:C060506,Chemical) :: ['Sphingosine-1-phosphate']


abstract: The discrimination between well-differentiated @entity1821 /atypical @entity5 and @entity362 can be diagnostically challenging at the histological level. However, cytogenetic identification of ring and giant rod chromosomes supports the diagnosis of well-differentiated @entity1821 /atypical @entity5 . These abnormal chromosomes are mainly composed of amplified genomic sequences derived from chromosome 12q13-15, and contain several genes, including @entity7465 , @entity8985 ( @entity29049 , @entity29049 , @entity9625 , and others. @entity7465 is consistently amplified in well-differentiated @entity1821 /atypical @entity5 , and up to 25% in other @entity242 . As part of a large genomic study of @entity5 , we initially found CPM to be consistently amplified in well-differentiated @entity1821 /atypical @entity5 . To further explore this initial finding, we investigated the copy number status of @entity7465 and CPM by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on a series of 138 @entity5 and 17 normal tissues, including 32 well-differentiated @entity1821 /atypical @entity5 , 63 @entity362 , 11 @entity362 , 2 @entity18391 , 30 other @entity5 and 17 normal fat samples. All 32 well-differentiated @entity1821 /atypical @entity5 showed amplification of @entity7465 and CPM, usually >20 copies per cell. The other @entity5 lacked @entity7465 and/or CPM amplification. Chromogenic in situ hybridization confirmed the above results on a subset of these @entity5 (n=27). These findings suggest that identification of CPM amplification could be used as an alternative diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of well-differentiated @entity1821 /atypical @entity5 .

title: Carboxypeptidase M: a biomarker for the discrimination of well-differentiated @entity1821 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous tumors', 'lipomatous neoplasms', 'lipomatous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipomas', 'pleomorphic lipomas']

entities_list: @entity18391 :: ('MESH:D062689', 'Disease') :: ['lipoblastomas']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['lipoma']