abstract: It is now clearly established that proteolytic enzymes, including plasminogen activator ( @entity2290 ), play an important role in breaking down the extracellular matrix, which is considered to be a step in @entity3 formation. Plasminogen activators are controlled at various levels. Two inhibitors, @entity2289 and @entity10933 , have been identified, the latter being more specific for @entity2290 . In attempts to determine their prognostic value, it is essential to investigate the relative importance of these parameters and their interactions. We used an immunoenzymatic method to assay @entity2290 , @entity2289 and @entity10933 antigens in cytosols prepared from 314 primary @entity0 . The @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of 6 years and all relevant clinical and laboratory findings were recorded. Univariate analysis confirmed the poor outcome of @entity1 whose @entity5 contained large amounts of @entity2290 and @entity2289 . In addition, low levels of @entity10933 correlated with shorter disease-free survival in the overall population (P = 0.02), post-menopausal @entity1 (P = 0.02) and @entity1 without lymph node involvement (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis in the 'main effects' Cox model identified node involvement, macroscopic @entity5 size and @entity10933 as significant variables. The 'interactive' model, taking into account interactions between @entity2290 and its two inhibitors, identified a first subgroup with a very poor prognosis associating either high levels of @entity2289 with low levels of @entity10933 in the overall population and the @entity1 with no node involvement or high levels of @entity2290 with low levels of @entity10933 in the group of menopausal @entity1 . We conclude that @entity2289 provides the same prognostic information as @entity2290 , and does not appear to play a role as an inhibitor. In contrast, @entity10933 increases the prognostic value of @entity2290 , particularly in post-menopausal @entity1 , and @entity2289 in @entity1 with no node involvement.

title: Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( XXXX ) and plasminogen activator inhibitors @entity2289 and @entity10933 in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2290 :: (5328,Gene) :: ['uPA']


abstract: The significance of the development of polyglucosan bodies (PBs) in the CNS is incompletely understood. We present the clinicopathological features of three autopsy cases with numerous PBs other than the common corpora amylacea or Lafora bodies. The first @entity1 had @entity26542 in the neuronal processes of pallidum and substantia nigra which, thus, are consistent with @entity12030 . @entity12030 involved also the hypothalamus and tegmentum of midbrain and medulla. The present case was the first not associated with any clinical symptoms. The second @entity1 also had incidental @entity12030 in the external pallidum, substantia nigra, and pallidothalamic, pallidonigral and nigrostriatal tracts. Additionally, unique clusters of small PBs appeared in the cerebral cortex, putamen, pallidum, and caudate nucleus. Immunostaining suggested that these small clustered PBs were located in the cytoplasm and processes of astrocytes. Ultrastructurally, these clustered PBs were in agreement with previous descriptions of PBs. The third @entity1 had @entity26542 . Most PBs in the white matter were corpora amylacea situated in astrocytic processes or axons. In the gray matter, many @entity26542 resembling @entity12030 occurred in neuronal processes. In the peripheral nervous system, a few PBs were seen in myelinated axons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Uncommon types of polyglucosan bodies in the XXXX brain: distribution and relation to disease.

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['Bielschowsky bodies']

entities_list: @entity26542 :: ('MESH:C564878', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic PBs', 'adult polyglucosan body disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article provides a summary of the 2013 European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry Annual Report (available at http://www.era-edta-reg.org), with a focus on @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) as the cause of @entity454 ( @entity454 ). METHODS: In 2015, the ERA-EDTA Registry received data on @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity454 from 49 national or regional renal registries in 34 countries in Europe and bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Individual @entity1 data were provided by 31 registries, while 18 registries provided aggregated data. The total population covered by the participating registries comprised 650 million @entity1 . RESULTS: In total, 72 933 @entity1 started @entity8 for @entity454 within the countries and regions reporting to the ERA-EDTA Registry, resulting in an overall incidence of 112 per million population (pmp). The overall prevalence on 31 December 2013 was 738 pmp (n = 478 990). @entity1 with @entity6 as the cause of @entity454 comprised 24% of the incident @entity8 @entity1 (26 pmp) and 17% of the prevalent @entity8 @entity1 (122 pmp). When compared with the USA, the incidence of @entity1 starting @entity8 pmp secondary to @entity6 in Europe was five times lower and the incidence of @entity8 due to other causes of @entity454 was two times lower. Overall, 19 426 kidney transplants were performed (30 pmp). The 5-year adjusted survival for all @entity8 @entity1 was 60.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 60.5-61.3] and 50.6% (95% CI 49.9-51.2) for @entity1 with @entity6 as the cause of @entity454 .

title: Renal replacement therapy in Europe: a summary of the 2013 ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report with a focus on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RRT', 'renal replacement therapy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity and @entity6 (T2DM) are closely related and difficult to control by current medical treatment. Bariatric surgery has been proposed for inadequately controlled T2DM in association with @entity28 . However, prediction of successful T2DM remission after surgery has not been clearly studied in Asian @entity1 . This information might be helpful for applying gastrointestinal surgery as metabolic surgery for T2DM. METHODS: This was a retrospective clinical study. From January 2002 to December 2008, 88 consecutive @entity1 with morbid @entity28 , who were enrolled into a surgically supervised weight loss program, and who had T2DM before surgery with at least 1 year complete follow-up data were included. Sixty-eight (77.2%) @entity1 received gastric bypass procedures, and the remaining 20 (22.8%) received restrictive procedures. We analyzed the available information during the initial evaluation of @entity1 who were referred for bariatric surgery, by logistic regression analysis and data mining methods for predictors of successful @entity6 after surgery. RESULTS: Overall, 68 (77.2%) of the 88 @entity1 had remission of their T2DM 1 year after surgery. @entity1 in the bypass group had a higher remission rate than those in the restrictive group [59/68 (86.7%) vs. 9/20 (45.0%), p=0.000]. In univariate analysis, @entity1 who had T2DM remission after surgery were younger, heavier, had a wider waist, less severe disease, shorter duration, and higher C-peptide levels than those without remission. Type of operation and T2DM duration remained independent predictors of success after multivariate logistical regression analysis (p<0.000). Data mining analysis confirmed that T2DM duration was the most important predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery is a treatment option for T2DM. Duration of @entity6 is the most predictor of success after surgery.

title: Predictors of XXXX after bariatric surgery in Asia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'diabetes remission']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes remission']


abstract: @entity15413 ( @entity15413 ) lower central sympathetic output and peripheral @entity5733 release, and may therefore prevent sympathetic @entity2915 and @entity101 . The @entity15413 are dysfunctional in male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Premenopausal females are less @entity101 than males. The purpose of this study was to test if this difference could be explained by functional @entity15413 in the female SHR. A 15-min @entity6114 -infusion was used to stimulate @entity1063 release through the re-uptake transporter, consequently preventing re-uptake. Presynaptic control of vesicular release will therefore be reflected as differences in overflow to plasma. The surgical trauma activates secretion of @entity1425 , also subjected to @entity15413 auto-inhibition. Blood pressure was monitored through a femoral artery catheter and cardiac output by ascending aorta flow in 12-14 weeks-old (early @entity101 ) SHR and normotensive @entity35 (WKY). Total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) was calculated. Female SHR, unlike male, were close to normotensive. Pre-treatment with none-selective ( @entity1338 ) or non-A-selective ( @entity17565 ) @entity15413 agonist reduced, and none-selective @entity15413 antagonist ( @entity49238 ) increased @entity6114 -induced @entity1063 overflow in female WKY and SHR. @entity49238 also increased secretion of @entity1425 . The @entity49238 -induced increase in @entity5733 release was further enhanced by additional pre-treatment with @entity17565 or angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist ( @entity9886 ) in SHR only. @entity49238 eliminated the @entity6114 -induced rise in TPR in both strains in female @entity35 . CONCLUSION: @entity15413 -mediated control of @entity5733 release and vascular tension was therefore functional in female SHR, unlike that previously observed in male SHR. Functional @entity15413 is likely to have a protective function and may explain the lack of @entity101 in the young female SHR.

title: a2-Adrenoreceptor Constraint of XXXX Release and Blood Pressure Is Enhanced in Female Spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity5733 :: (D002395,Chemical) :: ['Catecholamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional treatment for locally advanced @entity5 usually combines neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgery. Until recently, there have been limited predictive factors (clinical or biological) for @entity5 response to conventional treatment. @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations are commonly found in @entity694 . In this study, we aimed to determine the mutation frequencies of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 and to establish whether such mutations may be used as prognostic and/or predictive factors in @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and biological data of 98 consecutive operated @entity1 between May 2006 and September 2009. We focused in @entity1 who received surgery in our center after radiochemotherapy and in which @entity5 samples were available. RESULTS: In the 98 @entity1 with a @entity5 , the median follow-up time was 28.3 months (4-74). Eight out of ninety-eight @entity1 experienced a local recurrence (8%) and 17/98 developed distant @entity3 (17%). @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 were identified respectively in 23 (23.5%), 2 (2%) and 4 (4%) @entity1 . As described in previous studies, mutations in @entity984 and @entity817 were mutually exclusive. No @entity1 with local recurrence exhibited @entity984 or @entity10160 mutation and one harbored @entity817 mutation (12.5%). Of the seventeen @entity1 with distant @entity3 (17%), 5 were presenting @entity984 mutation (29%), one @entity817 (5%) and one @entity10160 mutation (5%). No relationship was seen between @entity10160 , @entity984 or @entity817 mutation and local or distant recurrences. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations in our study were lower than the average frequencies reported in @entity14 and no significant correlation was found between local/distant recurrences and @entity984 , @entity817 or @entity10160 mutations. Future studies with greater number of @entity1 , longer follow-up time and greater power to predict associations are necessary to fully understand this relationship.

title: Impact of @entity984 , XXXX and PI3KCA mutations in rectal carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: RNA interference is triggered by double-stranded RNA that is processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by Dicer enzyme. Endogenously, RNA interference triggers are created from small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs). RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC) in @entity1 cells can be programmed by exogenously introduced siRNA or endogenously expressed miRNA. siRNA-programmed RISC (siRISC) silences expression by cleaving a perfectly complementary target mRNA, whereas miRNA-induced silencing complexes (miRISC) inhibits translation by binding imperfectly matched sequences in the 3' UTR of target mRNA. Both RISCs contain @entity2037 ( @entity2037 ), which catalyzes target mRNA cleavage by siRISC and localizes to cytoplasmic mRNA processing bodies (P-bodies). Here, we show that @entity48954 / @entity23594 , a DEAD box helicase, interacts with argonaute proteins, @entity21178 and @entity2037 , in affinity-purified active siRISC or miRISC from @entity1 cells; directly interacts with @entity21178 and @entity2037 in vivo, facilitates formation of P-bodies, and is a general repressor of translation. Disrupting P-bodies by depleting @entity13764 did not affect @entity48954 / @entity23594 interactions with argonaute proteins and its function in miRNA-mediated translation repression. Depletion of @entity48954 / @entity23594 disrupted P-bodies and dispersed @entity2037 throughout the cytoplasm but did not significantly affect siRNA-mediated RNA functions of RISC. Depleting @entity48954 / @entity23594 released general, miRNA-induced, and let-7-mediated translational repression. Therefore, we propose that translation repression is mediated by miRISC via @entity48954 / @entity23594 and its specificity is dictated by the miRNA sequence binding multiple copies of miRISC to complementary 3' UTR sites in the target mRNA. These studies also suggest that translation suppression by miRISC does not require P-body structures, and location of miRISC to P-bodies is the consequence of translation repression.

title: Translation repression in @entity1 cells by microRNA-induced gene silencing requires XXXX / @entity23594 .

answer: @entity48954 :: (80122,Gene) :: ['RCK']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee or hip is associated with limitations in activities of daily life. There are only a few long-term studies on how knee or @entity570 affects the course of physical performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of knee or @entity570 on physical performance during a follow-up period of 10 years. METHODS: @entity1 in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam with self-reported hip or knee @entity571 (N = 155) were prospectively followed for 10 years on 4 occasions from the onset of @entity571 and compared to @entity1 without @entity571 (N = 1004). Physical performance was tested with walk, chair stand and balance tests. Scores for each test were summed to a total performance score (range 0-12), higher scores indicating better performance. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze differences between @entity1 with and without @entity571 , unadjusted as well as adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: There was a significant interaction between @entity571 and sex (P = 0.068). Both in @entity1 and @entity1 , total performance was lower for @entity1 with @entity571 , with greater differences in @entity1 . Chair stand and walking performance (P < 0.05), but not balance, were lower in @entity1 with @entity571 . After adjustment for confounders, these associations remained significant in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . Additional analyses correcting for follow-up duration and @entity6661 showed lower performance scores for @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity571 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity571 negatively affected physical performance 3-6 years after it was first reported. Performance in @entity1 with @entity571 was more affected than in @entity1 .

title: Effects of self-reported XXXX on physical performance: a longitudinal study with a 10-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the prognostic significance of biologic parameters such as angiogenesis, expression of @entity10815 (a lysosomal protease), and degradation of type IV collagen (a basement membrane protein), we studied 20 @entity1 with primary grade III Stage T1 transitional cell @entity150 . METHODS: Endothelial cells were labeled immunohistochemically using factor VIII-related antigen. The vascular surface density (VSD) and the microvessel number (NVES) were assessed by means of stereology. The @entity5 tissues were also analyzed by immunohistochemical methods for the expression of @entity10815 and the staining pattern of type IV collagen. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (40%) having either recurrence or progressive disease showed greater NVES and VSD values (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01, respectively) than @entity1 without. The significance of vascular parameters was found to be statistically independent from coexisting @entity189 in situ, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment, @entity5 size, and number. Additionally, these parameters did not show statistical significance between progressive and recurrent @entity5 . However, @entity5 with solid morphologic features had higher VSD values and a significantly greater rate of recurrence or progression (P = 0.01 and P = 0.07, respectively). Tissue from 17 (85%) of 20 @entity5 showed absent or patchy basement membrane staining for type IV collagen, and 12 (60%) showed strong immunoreactivity for @entity10815 antibody. There were no differences for either molecule with either BCG treatment or other parameters related to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis may have an independent role in predicting prognosis in grade III Stage T1 @entity150 . Grade III Stage pT1 @entity5 with solid morphologic features have higher angiogenetic activity and a worse prognosis. @entity10815 and type IV collagen do not seem to play a role in predicting biologic behavior.

title: Prognostic significance of angiogenesis and immunoreactivity of @entity10815 and type IV collagen in high-grade stage T1 primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10815 :: ('1509', 'Gene') :: ['cathepsin D', 'Cathepsin D']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of indirect ultrasound signs during @entity697 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Our retrospective study lasted 5 years, from May 2005 to April 2010. It concerned 620 cases of appendectomy performed following prior ultrasound examination of the @entity14275 . In 448 cases, ultrasonography clearly showed the appendix, which was inflamed. The presence of indirect signs of @entity32 without visualisation of the appendix was confirmed by ultrasound examination in 160 cases. In 12 cases, the appendix was not visualised nor were there any indirect signs on the ultrasound image. The indirect signs involved were @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ), @entity158 caused by compression on exploration of the right iliac fossa, and localised @entity2845 in the digestive loops (LHL). We compared the results found by ultrasonography with the operative and anatomical pathology reports. RESULTS: The positive predictive value of the indirect signs of @entity698 on the ultrasound scan was 95.8% if the three indirect signs were associated, 87.5% for the association of @entity158 and @entity1184 , 45.8% for the association of @entity158 and LHL, and 25% if there was just @entity158 . The negative predictive value of the indirect signs of @entity698 on the ultrasound scan was 57.2% if the three signs were associated, 65.9% for the association of @entity158 and @entity1184 and 60.7% for the association of @entity158 and LHL, with 83.3% for @entity158 alone. The sensitivity of the indirect signs was 83.9% if the three signs were associated, 31.8% for the association of @entity158 and @entity1184 , 50% for the association of @entity158 and LHL, and 50% if there was just @entity158 . The specificity of the indirect signs was 85.7% if the three signs were associated, 96.7% for the association of @entity158 and @entity1184 , 56.7% for the association of @entity158 and LHL, and 62.5% if there was just @entity158 . CONCLUSION: When tomodensitometry cannot be performed and the appendix is not visible on ultrasound examination, indirect ultrasound signs must be systematically sought, particularly in populations in which @entity698 are highly prevalent.

title: The diagnostic value of indirect ultrasound signs during acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['appendix inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy of the peritoneal fat', 'HPF']

entities_list: @entity14275 :: ('54509', 'Gene') :: ['right iliac fossa (RIF)']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['adult appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucosa-associated @entity526 are abundant in @entity29 ( @entity29 ), but whether these bacteria gain intracellular access within the mucosa is uncertain. If @entity526 does gain intracellular access, the contribution of bacterial pathogenicity to this requires further elucidation. This study aimed to quantify and characterize mucosa-associated and intracellular @entity526 in @entity1 with @entity29 and in @entity392 ( @entity392 ). METHODS: Mucosal biopsies from 30 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), 15 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ), and 14 @entity392 were cultured with or without @entity801 protection to recover intracellular or mucosa-associated @entity526 , respectively. Overall, 40 strains ( @entity30 : n = 24, @entity31 : n = 9, and @entity392 : n = 7) were characterized by phylogenetic typing, adhesion and invasion assays, detection of virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes, and proteomic analysis. RESULTS: Mucosa-associated @entity526 were more abundant in @entity30 and @entity31 than in @entity392 (2750 versus 1350 versus 230 median colony-forming units per biopsy; P = 0.01). Intracellular @entity526 were more prevalent in @entity30 (90%) than in @entity31 (47%) or @entity392 mucosal biopsies (0%) (P < 0.001). Of 24 @entity30 strains, 2 were adherent and invasive, but there were no unifying pathogenicity determinants that could distinguish most @entity30 strains from @entity31 or @entity392 strains, or intracellular isolates from mucosa-associated isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Intracellular @entity526 are more common in @entity30 than in @entity31 and not identified in @entity392 . Most intracellular @entity526 did not have characterizing pathogenic features, suggesting a significant role for defects in @entity1200 or barrier dysfunction in their ability to gain intracellular access.

title: Quantification and characterization of mucosa-associated and intracellular XXXX in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal immunity']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['healthy control subjects', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To (1) describe the rate of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing and control in a primary care clinic at an academic medical center; (2) compare academic medical center and health maintenance organization (HMO) data for a subgroup of the same @entity1 ; and (3) discuss the challenges to accurate clinical practice profiling. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of medical records and claims and administrative data. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 300 @entity1 with @entity6 from the Primary Care practice at an academic medical center (AMC). The HMO and AMC were in the southeastern United States. The study adhered to the National Committee for Quality Assurance's Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set 3.0 (1998) guidelines for collection of the numerator and denominator data. RESULTS: Overall, 275 (91.7%) of 300 @entity1 underwent a documented HbA1c test (range, 77.8%-98.0% across the 5 Primary Care Associates clinic physicians). Of these 275 @entity1 , 206 (74.9%; range, 52.4%-84.7%) were under "good control" (defined by the National Committee for Quality Assurance as an @entity4051 c level of < or = 9.5%). The mean (SD) HbA1c level was 8.45% (1.98%). Data from the HMO documented a rate of @entity4051 c testing of 36.3% (45/124) compared with 92.7% (115/124) based on case note review at the academic medical center. CONCLUSIONS: Current administrative and claims-based information systems have inherent weaknesses if used for performance measurement. Reliance solely on medical record review is time and cost prohibitive. To ensure complete reporting of mandated "quality measures" will necessitate the tracking of data across different healthcare systems.

title: Comparison of 2 systems for clinical practice profiling in XXXX care: medical records versus claims and administrative data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The cytosolic NADPH oxidase cofactor @entity1116 (phox) has been shown to be one of the limiting factors in assembly and activation of this multi-protein enzyme complex and, therefore, must be highly regulated at the transcriptional level. In the present studies, we have further characterized the promoter for @entity1 @entity1116 (phox). Genomic sequence upstream of the translational start site (TLS; 2 kb) was cloned, and RACE was used to identify and compare the @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ) in two myeloid cell lines, HL-60 and PLB-985. Two major @entity1021 were identified within the first intron for both cell lines, and one transcript isolated from @entity1 cells started approximately 34 bp 5' of exon 1 and contained no intron 1 sequence. To identify regulatory regions of the promoter, a luciferase reporter was used to assay a series of promoter deletion constructs. The greatest transcriptional activity was observed for fragments containing at least 500 bp upstream of the TLS. Sequence analysis of the @entity1116 (phox) promoter revealed consensus binding sites for previously described transcription factors including AP-1 and @entity7764 . Site-directed mutagenesis of the AP-1 site demonstrated that this site was essential for basal transcription. EMSA, competition, and super-shift assays showed that this site was specifically recognized by nuclear factors of the AP-1 family. EMSA analysis and promoter-reporter assays with the @entity7764 consensus sites at positions -176, -283, and -328 demonstrate that @entity7764 binds the site at position -283 with high affinity. Mutagenesis of any one of the @entity7764 sites reduced the basal transcriptional activity by approximately 50%, demonstrating that, although none of these sites is singularly responsible for the basal transcriptional activity, all three sites play some role in the transcriptional activity of the @entity1116 (phox) promoter. In support of this conclusion, mutagenesis of all three sites completely abrogated transcriptional activity.

title: AP-1 is essential for XXXX (phox) promoter activity.

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['transcriptional start site', 'TSS']

answer: @entity1116 :: (945,Gene) :: ['p67']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define the role of surgery in @entity521 with @entity3944 , which is detectable only by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. METHODS: Fifty samples (peripheral blood 9, bone marrow 41) were harvested sequentially from 27 @entity521 @entity1 , and the micrometastases were examined using the previously described single-step PCR method. The results were reviewed with the clinical courses. RESULTS: Radical surgery was performed in 9 @entity1 with bone marrow @entity3944 . Event-free survival was obtained in 2 @entity1 with stage IV disease (25.0%) for a follow-up period of 2 to 6 years in this group. Both @entity1 received intraoperative radiation and subsequent autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) using purged marrow. Radical surgery was performed in 18 @entity1 without @entity3944 , and 6 of 9 advanced @entity1 (66.7%) survived without the disease including 4 @entity1 who received unpurged stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent @entity3944 in bone marrow should be considered predictive as a poor prognostic factor in @entity521 . Intensive local control with surgery and radiation is important for the @entity1 with @entity3944 and should be followed by ABMT using purged marrow. Unpurged marrow may be safely used if the single-step PCR detects no @entity3944 .

title: Surgical treatment of @entity521 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3944 :: ('MESH:D061206', 'Disease') :: ['micrometastasis']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity3944 :: (MESH:D061206,Disease) :: ['micrometastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of total @entity3093 intake with ovulatory function, including @entity3206 in healthy premenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: University. @entity1 (S): @entity1 included 259 healthy regularly menstruating @entity1 aged 18-44 years. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum concentrations of E2, free E2, P, LH, FSH, and @entity443 and @entity3206 in healthy premenopausal @entity1 . RESULT(S): @entity3093 intake was not associated with E2, free E2, P, LH, and FSH concentrations. Consumption in the highest quartile (Q4: 1.6-78.8 mg/d) was significantly associated with greater @entity443 concentrations (b = 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02-0.16), compared with the first quartile (Q1: 0.0-0.3 mg/d). CONCLUSION(S): @entity3093 intake was not associated with @entity3206 (Q4 vs. Q1: odds ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.32-1.66). Dietary @entity3093 intake among young premenopausal @entity1 was not related to sex hormone concentrations or anovulation, but was associated with minimally increased @entity443 concentrations. These results suggest potential endocrine effects with no subsequent effects on ovulation, easing concerns regarding their impacts on fertility.

title: Usual dietary XXXX intake and reproductive function across the menstrual cycle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic anovulation']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone', 'Isoflavone']

answer: @entity3093 :: (CHEBI:18220,Chemical) :: ['isoflavone']


abstract: A 40-year old female @entity1 suffered from @entity10 for 2 months. Two days before admission, the @entity10 got @entity391 and @entity410 followed. Brain CT scans revealed a right frontal @entity5 . So she received a craniotomy to remove the @entity5 , which was verified as @entity463 multiforme. The postoperative course was uneventful. However, @entity10 attacked again two weeks later. An @entity4282 on the left parietooccipital region was found on brain CT scans. The craniotomy was done to remove the @entity1410 and no abnormal vessels or @entity32 was seen in the operative field. This was the first such case we had encountered. We review the literature and discuss possible factors related to this case.

title: [Contralateral @entity4282 following the craniotomy for XXXX --one case report and review of literature].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracerebral tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['worse and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intracerebral tumor']


abstract: A 32-year-old @entity1 presented with a swelling of the left testis, for which he underwent high inguinal orchiectomy. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed @entity14641 . Further evaluation revealed no @entity3 (stage I), and he was followed-up by monthly examination without prophylactic chemotherapy (surveillance). Thirteen months after orchiectomy, AFP and @entity7807 were elevated at 133.8 ng/ml and 0.8 ng/ml respectively. Abdominal CT scan revealed para-aortic masses of recurrent @entity5 . Although the AFP and @entity7807 levels markedly declined after five courses of COMPE (CDDP, VCR, @entity1500 , PEP, @entity2879 ) chemotherapy, the retroperitoneal masses had further enlarged and had undergone cystic change. Excision of the @entity41 was performed, and microscopic examination of specimens revealed @entity44 without malignant components. The diagnosis of the growing @entity44 was therefore made. The growing @entity44 occurs in nonseminomatous testicular germ cell @entity5 following chemotherapy and is characterized by enlargement of metastatic lesions with normal @entity5 marker levels. Total surgical resection of the mass yields good results, and @entity5 is unresponsive to chemotherapy. Early recognition of this syndrome is important for successful treatment.

title: [The growing XXXX : report of a case].

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma', 'teratoma syndrome']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratoma syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to establish whether changes in myocardial texture can be observed in @entity1 by transthoracic echocardiography during @entity63 episodes of different severity and duration induced by various pathogenetic mechanisms. BACKGROUND: Increased echo-reflectivity of @entity63 has been detected in experimental animals by epicardial echocardiography and by backscatter evaluation. METHODS: Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiographic monitoring with a commercially available electronic sector scanner (2.25- or 3.5-MHz transducer) was performed during 35 episodes of transient @entity741 induced by @entity3693 in @entity1 with @entity951 (n = 9), by @entity4341 in @entity1 with angiographically assessed @entity453 (n = 11) and by @entity432 during coronary angioplasty (n = 15). Quantitative texture analysis of gray levels was performed off-line on digitized images during rest conditions, @entity63 and the recovery phase in regions showing normal contraction at rest, obvious dyssynergy during @entity63 and normal contraction in the recovery phase. In each condition, a control region with normal contraction throughout the study was also evaluated. RESULTS: @entity662 occurred in 23 of the 35 episodes; electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were present in 26 episodes, and consisted of ST segment elevation in 13, @entity308 in 10 and pseudonormalization of a basally negative T wave in 3. The duration of @entity63 episodes was 67 +/- 53 s by symptomatic criteria and 91 +/- 52 s by ECG criteria. The risk region showed an increased end-diastolic mean gray level amplitude in a.u. (arbitrary units) during @entity63 (57 +/- 19) compared with rest (38 +/- 15) and recovery (38 +/- 18, p < 0.01). No significant changes were detected in the control region (rest 36 +/- 16 vs. @entity63 34 +/- 18 vs. recovery 31 +/- 13, p = NS). The percent increase in mean gray level was similar in the various types of stress employed ( @entity3693 , @entity4341 or angioplasty) and was not significantly correlated with either the duration of ST segment shift (r = 0.05, p = NS) or the severity of dyssynergy evaluated semiquantitatively by means of the wall motion score (r = 0.28, p = NS). In the 15 balloon occlusions performed in six @entity1 during coronary angioplasty, the increased echoreflectivity of the risk zone was already evident during echocardiographic sampling performed after 10 +/- 4 s of occlusion (rest 35 +/- 9 vs. 53 +/- 10 a.u., p < 0.01) when no dyssynergy could be detected by quantitative wall motion analysis (percent area change by fixed center of mass reference system 31 +/- 10% at rest vs. 32 +/- 11% after 10 s of occlusion, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Transient short-lasting @entity741 is associated with an abrupt increase in myocardial echodensity detectable by videodensitometric analysis applied to standard transthoracic echocardiographic images and is largely independent of the underlying pathogenetic mechanism (reduced blood supply or flow maldistribution with @entity3979 ). During controlled coronary occlusion, increased echodensity precedes the onset of regional dyssynergy.

title: Increased echodensity of transiently asynergic myocardium in @entity1 : a novel echocardiographic sign of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3693 :: ('MESH:D004874', 'Chemical') :: ['ergonovine']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: The mutagenic potential and mutational spectra of @entity21430 (BD), @entity47715 (EB), and @entity19644 ( @entity16905 ) were determined in splenic T cells from exposed B6C3F1 @entity19 . @entity19 exposed by inhalation to 625 p.p.m. BD for 2 weeks displayed an average @entity21662 - mutation frequency of 6.2 x 10(-6) compared to 1.2 x 10(-6) in controls. @entity19 were also given three daily i.p. doses of 60, 80 and 100 mg EB/kg or 7, 14 and 21 mg @entity16905 /kg. Average @entity21662 - frequencies of 5.4 x 10(-6), 4.1 x 10(-6) and 8.6 x 10(-6) were seen in the EB groups, respectively, while average frequencies of 4.6 x 10(-6), 9.4 x 10(-6) and 13 x 10(-6) were seen in the @entity16905 groups. DNA sequencing revealed that approximately half of the mutations induced in vivo by BD, EB and @entity16905 were frameshift mutations. A +1 frameshift 'hotspot' in six consecutive @entity2774 bases in exon 3 was observed with all three compounds. The remaining mutations produced by BD, EB and @entity16905 were transition and transversion mutations at both @entity1129 and GC base pairs. Base pair substitutions induced by BD were biased in favor of mutation at @entity1129 base pairs. The mutational spectra produced by BD, EB and @entity16905 were very similar to that observed previously with @entity11540 , suggesting that these @entity4299 agents may be working through a similar mutagenic mechanism.

title: Mutagenicity of @entity21430 and its @entity4299 metabolites: II. Mutational spectra of XXXX , @entity47715 and @entity19644 at the @entity21662 locus in splenic T cells from exposed B6C3F1 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity19644 :: ('MESH:C007366', 'Chemical') :: ['diepoxybutane']

entities_list: @entity21430 :: ('MESH:D002070', 'Chemical') :: ['butadiene']

answer: @entity21430 :: (MESH:D002070,Chemical) :: ['butadiene']


abstract: The ability of @entity46920 to depress cortical activity in @entity35 with implanted electrodes was compared to that reported previously for @entity11961 , @entity1508 and @entity4488 . @entity46920 was eight times more potent than @entity4488 , five times more potent than @entity1508 and twice as potent as @entity11961 . Serum @entity1388 concentrations after the administration of @entity46920 and @entity4488 were not different from controls. In contrast, serum @entity1388 concentrations after @entity11961 reached a value of 105 mumol litre-1 and remained increased for at least the next 48 h. Urine @entity1388 concentrations in the @entity46920 and @entity4488 groups were a half and a quarter, respectively, of those recorded in the @entity11961 group. @entity2011 and @entity4683 were observed only in the @entity11961 group. Dilatation of the proximal convoluted tubules was noted in the @entity35 anesthetized with @entity11961 . These changes were most marked at the 6- and 24-h periods following anaesthesia. @entity548 and @entity2335 were noted in the bladders of the @entity35 subjected to @entity11961 . Cellular swelling in the proximal tubule was observed in the @entity35 sacrificed 24 h after the administration of @entity46920 . @entity4488 produced no pathological changes.

title: Assessment of the anaesthetic and metabolic activities of XXXX , a new halogenated volatile anaesthetic agent.

entities_list: @entity11961 :: ('MESH:D008733', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxyflurane']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity46920 :: ('MESH:C022935', 'Chemical') :: ['Dioxychlorane', 'dioxychlorane']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['Enflurane', 'enflurane']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative cystitis']

answer: @entity46920 :: (MESH:C022935,Chemical) :: ['dioxychlorane']


abstract: The aim of this study was to prospectively measure liver stiffness with real-time tissue elastography in @entity1 with @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) and to compare the result with the clinical assessment of @entity82 using histological stage. One hundred and eighty-one prospectively enrolled @entity1 underwent real-time tissue elastography, with the first 106 being analyzed as the training set and the remaining 75 being evaluated as the validation set. Hepatic and splenic elastic ratios were calculated and compared with stage of histological @entity82 . @entity101 ( @entity101 ) was assessed. Real-time tissue elastography cut-off values by stage in the training set were 2.47 for F1, 2.67 for F2, 3.02 for F3, and 3.36 for F4. Using these cut-off values, the diagnostic accuracy of @entity1575 in the validation set was 82.6%-96.0% in all stages. Only portal @entity82 correlated with the hepatic elastic ratio by multivariate analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of elastic ratio better correlated than serum @entity82 markers in both early and advanced @entity82 stages. @entity1 with @entity101 , defined by splenic elasticity, had early @entity82 . @entity1 with severe @entity101 were found only in the group with @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Real-time tissue elastography is useful in evaluating @entity1575 and @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity1561 .

title: Real-time tissue elastography for evaluation of @entity1575 and @entity101 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Portal hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases']


abstract: @entity406 ( @entity5565 ) is the most serious residential pollutant. In order to evaluate residential @entity5565 levels, two sampling methods have been recommended; one is a 30 minute sampling in a closed room, and the other is a 24 hour sampling with an ordinary lifestyle routine. The aim of this report was to clarify the difference between the @entity5565 levels obtained by the two sampling methods. Residential air in 58 rooms was sampled for 30 minutes by an active sampling method more than 5 hours after residents closed windows, and by a passive sampling method for 24 hours with an ordinary lifestyle routine. The @entity5565 concentration with the 30 minute sampling was 0.118+/-0.065 ppm (range: 0.034-0.295 ppm) and 36 rooms (62%) exceeded the Japanese guideline value of 0.08 ppm, while 5% were higher than 0.25 ppm. The @entity5565 concentration with the 24 hours sampling was 0.053+/-0.039 ppm (range: 0.02-0.167 ppm) and only 13 rooms (22%) exceeded 0.08 ppm. The relationship between the concentrations obtained by the two methods was linear. However, the level with the 24 hour sampling significantly reduced with prolonged window opening time, meaning that occupants made an effort to reduce the usual exposure to about 40% of the exposure in a closed room by opening windows in order to escape from irritation. Since major adverse effects of @entity5565 are irritation and sensitization, the occasional peak concentration must be focused. In order to evaluate residential @entity5565 levels, measurement in a closed room is recommended even if @entity1 are living there.

title: Sampling methods and residential factors affecting XXXX concentration in indoor air.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formaldehyde']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: @entity4481 is a recently licensed and marketed antiepileptic drug for use as adjunctive treatment of @entity302 . It acts at presynaptic @entity460 channels, modulating neurotransmitter release in the CNS, properties it shares with @entity2682 . Its clinical development over the past decade has included its use in the treatment of @entity9 , and generalized @entity148 , in addition to @entity302 . Three multi-centre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials enrolling @entity1 with refractory @entity302 have demonstrated an antiepileptic effect of @entity4481 against placebo, as adjunctive therapy, with 31-51% of @entity1 showing a 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency. Adverse effects were dose related, the commonest being somnolence, dizziness, and @entity2055 . @entity1017 was seen in 14% of @entity1 on the highest dose of 600 mg/day. Around 9000 @entity1 have been exposed to @entity4481 in its development for all indications. No idiosyncratic reactions have been described to date. @entity4481 may be a useful addition in the treatment of refractory @entity302 . As with all new AEDs long-term follow up and post marketing surveillance is required.

title: XXXX : a new antiepileptic drug for @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['Pregabalin']


abstract: Breeding activity in the South American grey opossum, @entity14085 , is stimulated by the presence of males. This study presents the first analysis of changes in concentrations of plasma @entity1420 during pregnant and nonpregnant cycles. In Expt 1, females were paired with either intact or vasectomized males to stimulate a reproductive cycle, or were isolated from males. Within 4-8 days of @entity13635 , females showed marked changes in the size of the urogenital opening (vulva), which were paralleled by similar changes in body weight (11.4 +/- 2%; mean +/- SEM; n = 13). There was a second increase and decrease in body weight (21.7 +/- 3.3%; n = 13) in pregnant and nonpregnant cycles during the luteal phase of the cycle. Changes in concentrations of plasma @entity1420 , determined from samples collected three times a week, were similar in pregnant and nonpregnant cycles. Plasma @entity1420 concentration, which was increased for 15-18 days, showed two distinct peaks. The first peak, 3-4.5 ng ml-1, occurred immediately after the decrease in @entity4 , and the second peak (1-2 ng ml-1) occurred 8-12 days later. Concentrations of plasma @entity1420 were low before parturition occurred. Females isolated from males for 35 days showed no changes in body weight or @entity4 and concentrations of plasma @entity1420 remained undetectable. In Expt 2, concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) in plasma were determined twice a day for the first few days after @entity13635 . In three of five females an LH peak was detected coincident with the maximal swelling of the vulva.

title: Hormonal evidence for induced ovulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['vulval swelling']

entities_list: @entity14085 :: ('13616', 'Species') :: ['Monodelphis domestica']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity14085 :: (13616,Species) :: ['Monodelphis domestica']


abstract: A 4- day continuous intravenous ( @entity4609 ) infusion of @entity1891 and @entity632 with high-dose @entity619 (VAD) regimen is a standard refractory @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) regimen. A Phase II study of a CEVAD regimen, i.e., VAD plus @entity2879 administered as a 96-hr continuous infusion, was carried out with IV bolus @entity786 . Thirty-six @entity1 were treated on study and received a total of 114 cycles of CEVAD: median 2 cycles (range 1-8). No @entity1 achieved a CR. The overall rate of PR was 15/36 (42%). @entity1 achieved maximal response after a median of 4 (range 3-6) courses. PR rates were 40% (4/10) in @entity1 with primary refractory disease, 48% (11/23) in @entity1 with secondary refractory disease, 31% (6/19) in @entity1 who had failed previous VAD therapy, and 50% (7/14) in @entity1 receiving 2nd or subsequent relapse therapy. Three @entity1 died during their initial cycle of therapy from rapidly progressive disease and @entity295 . Overall median survival was 24 weeks with a 1-year survival of 33.3%   95% confidence interval of 20-46%  . Myelosuppression was the most frequent adverse event with NCI grade 2 @entity1398 and/or @entity882 in 15% of first cycles, grade 3 in 20%, and grade 4 in 65%. Two-thirds of @entity1 had at least one episode of grade 3 or 4 @entity295 . In 15% of septic episodes positive blood cultures were obtained. Overt @entity1370 was seen in two @entity1 . CEVAD as used in this study was not more effective than VAD in terms of overall response rate or survival.

title: @entity786 , XXXX , @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 (CEVAD) regimen in refractory @entity1582 : an International Oncology Study Group (IOSG) phase II protocol.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Overhydration is the main contributory factor of @entity4346 and closely associated with @entity65 in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . The aim of this prospective-study was to investigate the impact of strict salt and volume control on @entity101 and @entity299 in @entity454 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 12 @entity298 ( @entity298 ) and 15 prevalent hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 either @entity298 or HD were allocated to intervention of strict salt restriction according to basal hydration state of empty abdomen in @entity298 and midweek predialysis HD which were estimated by body composition monitor (BCM) and echocardiography. RESULTS: Mean ages were 48.3        16.7 years for @entity298 , and 48.8        18 for HD @entity1 . Extracellular water/height was 10.04        2.70 and 10.39        1.53   L/m in @entity298 and HD groups. Systolic blood pressures decreased in @entity298 and HD from 133.1        28 and 147.3        28.5 to 114.8        16.5 and 119.3        12.1   mmHg, respectively, (p   <   0.00). IDKA/DW were decreased from 3.26        1.6 to 2.97        1.63 % in HD group (p   >   0.05). LVMI and LAI were not increased in both groups. CONCLUSION: Strict salt and volume control in @entity454 @entity1 after assessment of hydration status with either using BCM or echocardiography provides better management of volume control leading to more precise cardiovascular protection.

title: The effects of strict salt control on blood pressure and @entity299 in XXXX : prospective-study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac condition']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of lung macrophages (Muvarphis) by Kupffer cells (KCs) in @entity651 caused by @entity5694 . Phenotypic differences in tissue Muvarphis were also investigated. Muvarphis were isolated from @entity2545 ( @entity21953 )- or saline-treated @entity35 2 h after saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Furthermore, @entity35 were given @entity21953 24 h prior to LPS administration, and survival rate was assessed for 24 h. Moreover, lung @entity4 was assessed 9 h after LPS injection. Expression of inflammatory mediators was measured in the liver and lung. KCs were divided into three subpopulations based on size and phagocytosis. The expression of @entity1505 and @entity17104 was greater in the small KCs and lung Muvarphis, while the expression of @entity568 , @entity13358 , and @entity4647 was greater in the large and intermediate KCs. @entity21953 eliminated ED2-positive large KCs and did not have any effect on the lung Muvarphis. The number of ED1-positive KCs increased significantly in both organs after LPS challenge and was reduced by @entity21953 . The population of ED2-positive KCs did not change following LPS administration. @entity21953 completely prevented increases in lung microvascular permeability and mortality after LPS infusion. After LPS administration, expression of @entity1505 and @entity568 increased rapidly and then decreased gradually in both organs. @entity21953 inhibited these increases in the liver significantly and enhanced the expression of @entity4647 and @entity13358 in the lung 9 h after LPS administration. Thus, the heterogeneous response of KCs to endotoxin leads to production of certain cytokines and chemokines that affect lung function.

title: Role of Kupffer cells in XXXX in @entity35 administered endotoxin 1.

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium chloride']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: In the normal pituitary, glucocorticoids are the principal negative regulatory of the @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) gene which gives rise to the biologically active peptides ACTH and @entity4545 . In @entity699 , ACTH-secreting @entity5 show a degree of glucocorticoid resistance, whilst ACTH-secreting @entity5 have an even greater resistance to glucocorticoid excess. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of this phenomenon, we have compared the effects of glucocorticoids on @entity4545 mRNA and peptide secretion in @entity1 and @entity19 @entity21422 cells and in @entity151 ( @entity151 ) cells. ACTH precursor peptides were inhibited within 24 h by 25-50 nM @entity701 in primary cultures from a @entity1 @entity21422 . In the @entity19 @entity21422 cell line (AtT20), inhibition of both ACTH precursors and ACTH was not observed after 24 h but, by 10 days, glucocorticoids suppressed peptide levels with a concentration causing 50% inhibition of 50 nM @entity701 and maximal inhibition at 500 nM @entity701 . In marked contrast, there was no response to 500 nM @entity701 in the five @entity151 cell lines (COR L103, COR L42, COR L24, COR L31, DMS 79) all of which secrete ACTH precursors. However, two of the five @entity151 cell lines (COR L31 and DMS 79) were responsive to 1000 nM @entity701 . @entity4545 mRNA, quantitated by slot-blot analysis, gave similar results for the five @entity151 cell lines, implying that the abnormality may occur at the level of gene expression. When one of the three resistant cell lines (COR L103) was incubated with 2000 nM @entity701 or 2000 nM @entity619 a clear suppression of precursor peptides and @entity4545 mRNA was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Glucocorticoid inhibition of ACTH peptides: XXXX cell lines are more resistant than pituitary @entity21422 cells.

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['POMC', 'pro-opiomelanocortin', 'beta-endorphin']

entities_list: @entity21422 :: ('MESH:D049913', 'Disease') :: ['corticotroph adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumours', 'extra-pituitary tumours']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the psychometric properties of the Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale (SPRS), an instrument developed to quantify disability and handicap in @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ). DESIGN: Descriptive correlational study. SETTING: @entity1545 Rehabilitation Unit and @entity1545 Outpatient Clinic. @entity1 : Two samples, a "subacute" group (n = 20) and a "long-term" group (n = 40), were studied to examine responsiveness (subacute group), reliability, and validity (long-term group) of the SPRS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The SPRS is a 12-item questionnaire measuring three domains of everyday living commonly disrupted after severe @entity131 : occupational activities, interpersonal relationships, and independent living skills. PROCEDURE: @entity1 in the subacute group were rated with the SPRS by a clinician at admission to the rehabilitation unit and again three months later or at discharge from the unit (whichever occurred first). For individuals from the long-term group attending the outpatient clinic, a close relative was interviewed with the SPRS and other validating measures. The SPRS was readministered one month later. RESULTS: Internal consistency of the SPRS was high (alpha coefficient = .90), as was agreement between raters and stability over a one-month period (r(i) = .95 and .90, respectively). Reliability and stability coefficients for the three domains of the scale were also high, ranging from.86 to.94 for reliability and.77 to.93 for stability. Preliminary evidence for construct validity was established with a number of standard instruments, with evidence of both convergent and discriminant construct validity from the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). The SPRS was sensitive to group differences on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and to changes occurring during the period of active recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the SPRS has sound psychometric properties, being a reliable, stable, sensitive, and valid instrument. It is potentially useful in both clinical and research settings.

title: Measuring psychosocial recovery after XXXX : psychometric properties of a new scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Chronic @entity410 as a presenting feature of low grade temporal @entity13 and @entity131 ( @entity131 ) are reported to have similar outcomes although the prognostic indicators may not be the same. This study seeks to identify the variables that are associated with poor surgical outcome in both conditions. A retrospective analysis from our @entity302 data base was performed. All low-grade temporal @entity13 were selected and relevant variables were compared to the same variables in @entity131 @entity1 . There were 34 @entity5 (out of 233 cases of chronic @entity1315 = 14.6 %) with a mean age of onset of 19 years, and the preoperative duration was 12.3 years. When compared to 120 @entity131 @entity1 both of these factors were significantly different (p < 0.001). Age at the time of surgery for @entity5 was 31.08 (p = 0.5). @entity5 were left sided in 20 @entity1 . In @entity5 cases amygdala resection was complete in 75 %, for hippocampus 24 % were complete and 39 % partial. Astrocytoma, @entity7667 and @entity3271 constituted 80 % of @entity5 cases. Good outcome (Engel's Class I) was achieved in 88.2 % of @entity5 cases and 71 % of @entity131 cases while poor outcome (Class III + IV) was seen in 5.9 and 16.7 % respectively. The follow up period for the two groups was not significantly different. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the groups differed significantly in preoperative delay (between diagnosis and surgery) and in @entity302 outcome. Chronic @entity1315 due to low-grade @entity5 had significantly better surgical outcome with considerably less preoperative delay. The age of onset of @entity410 was younger in @entity131 @entity1 but a delay in surgical treatment was significantly longer. Given that the diagnosis of treatment-resistant TLE secondary to @entity131 can be established after two failed AED trials at optimal doses, shortening the interval between diagnosis and surgery may improve @entity302 outcome.

title: @entity302 due to low grade @entity1315 and due to XXXX : do they differ in post-surgical outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['lobe gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: Serum levels of the @entity5 marker CA19-9 have been reported to be elevated in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ), but its clinicopathologic significance is still unknown. A cohort of 304 @entity1 undergoing surgical resection for @entity157 and having preoperative CA19-9 data was enrolled in this study. Serum CA19-9 levels were correlated with clinicopathologic factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictors of @entity1 survival. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut off value of CA19-9 was determined to be 27   U/mL. One hundred and six @entity1 had preoperative CA19-9 values >27   U/mL. High serum CA19-9 levels did not correlate with @entity1 age, sex, viral status, a -fetoprotein level, @entity5 size, @entity5 grade, @entity5 stage, multiplicity, and vascular invasion. @entity1 with elevated preoperative CA19-9 levels had lower 10-year survival than those without CA19-9 elevation. Multivariate analysis revealed that CA19-9 level, @entity5 grade, and @entity5 size are independent prognostic factors for long-term survival. In conclusion, a preoperative CA19-9 value >27   U/mL is associated with poor prognosis after resection for @entity157 .

title: Elevated preoperative serum CA19-9 levels in @entity1 with XXXX is associated with poor prognosis after resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the management of pediatric @entity130 and the efficacy of the Pediatric @entity130 Score (PTS) in classifying injury severity and predicting prognosis. DESIGN: A retrospective case series. SETTING: The @entity1 's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, a major pediatric @entity130 centre. @entity1 : One hundred and forty-nine traumatized @entity1 with 2 or more injuries to 1 body system or a single injury to 2 or more body systems. INTERVENTIONS: Use of the PTS and Glasgow @entity772 Scale score in @entity130 management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Types of injuries sustained, complications, missed injuries, psychosocial effects and @entity41 . RESULTS: The average PTS was 8.5 (range from -3 to 11). The total number of injuries sustained was 494, most commonly closed @entity542 (86). Forty-two percent of @entity1 with an average @entity130 score of 8.5 were treated surgically. There were 13 missed injuries, and complications were encountered in 57 @entity1 , the most common being secondary to @entity174 . Forty-eight (32%) @entity1 had residual long-term deficiency, most commonly @entity16 secondary to @entity542 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity174 should be stabilized early to decrease long-term complications. A deficiency of the PTS is the weighting of @entity4422 of a minor bone. For example, @entity174 is given the same weight as an open @entity174 of the femur. Neuropsychologic difficulties secondary to @entity130 are a major sequela of @entity130 in @entity1 .

title: Multiple trauma in XXXX : predicting outcome and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'Fractures', 'metacarpal fracture']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The etiology and treatment of @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) is still unclear. The anti-inflammatory effect of @entity288 is thought to play an important part in the recovery from @entity1274 . We aimed to determine whether a more powerful anti-inflammatory technique using pulse therapy is effective in the treatment of @entity1274 . METHODS: In a randomized, prospective, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial, we recruited 81 @entity1 with @entity1274 . @entity1 were randomly allocated to pulse therapy (300 mg @entity619 for 3 consecutive days followed by 4 days of placebo) or control treatment ( @entity229 70 mg per day tapered in steps of 10 mg per day to 0 mg). The primary outcome was hearing recovery as measured by pure-tone audiometry and speech audiometry after 12 months. Secondary outcomes were subjective parameters such as hearing recovery, tinnitus, vertigo, and a pressure sensation in the ear. RESULTS: The overall improvement in pure-tone thresholds and speech discrimination scores was not significantly better in @entity1 who were given @entity619 than those who were given standard @entity229 . Hearing improved from 71 dB HL to 36 dB HL in the @entity619 group and from 75 dB HL to 42 dB HL in the @entity229 group. Speech discrimination scores of 100% were achieved by 64% of @entity619 -treated @entity1 and by 57% of the @entity229 group. CONCLUSION: Pulse therapy is equally effective and safe as standard-dose @entity229 . Pulse therapy suppresses both humoral and cellular immune responses and therefore has a wider anti-inflammatory effect.

title: The treatment of XXXX using pulse therapy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss', 'ISSHL']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the correlation between histopathology and epileptogenicity, as measured by @entity410 frequency and electrocorticography (EcoG), in @entity1 with @entity6795 ( @entity6795 ) as compared with control @entity1 with @entity7667 or @entity11 . METHODS: The influence of the histopathological classification and the presence of balloon cells in @entity6795 on the frequency and extension of five predefined patterns of ECoG spiking, @entity410 frequency, age of @entity410 onset and 6-month postoperative outcome were analyzed in 32 @entity1 with @entity1625 undergoing presurgical evaluation with chronically implanted subdural electrodes. RESULTS: Comparison of @entity1 with @entity6795 , @entity7667 , and @entity11 showed that the @entity410 frequency was greatest in @entity1 with @entity6795 and ECoG spiking and was most extensive in @entity1 with @entity7667 . The onset of @entity302 was earlier in @entity1 with @entity6795 and with @entity7667 . None of these differences was significant. However, in @entity1 with @entity6795 , the presence of balloon cells was associated with significantly greater @entity410 frequency (p=0.009), and a significantly greater number of electrodes recording continuous frequent spiking (p=0.03). The presence of continuous very frequent spiking correlated with the duration of the @entity302 and the number of @entity410 recorded during monitoring. No significant correlation was detected between histopathology, @entity410 frequency, or ECoG activity and postoperative outcome, which was relatively favorable in @entity1 with balloon cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6795 refers to a variety of histopathological patterns associated with different epileptogenicity. In @entity6795 , increased clinical and ECoG epileptogenicity correlates with the presence of balloon cells. This finding confirms that balloon cells should be considered in the histopathological classification of @entity6795 . The predefined ECoG were not specific for any of the histopathologies investigated.

title: Histopathological correlates of epileptogenicity as expressed by electrocorticographic spiking and XXXX frequency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['gangliogliomas']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: Exposure of @entity3881 spores to @entity11540 (EO) showed correlation between the killing rate and the EO concentration, when the temperature was kept at 55 degrees C and the relative humidity at 100%. The co-efficient of dilution was calculated to be 0.9. The effect of EO on @entity526 endotoxin was investigated by the chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test. A solution of endotoxin was dried on glass tubes and exposed to 450 or 900 mg EO/l during 1-46 h under the same conditions as the spore inactivation. The LAL activity of the endotoxin was reduced to about 30%. The EO-treated endotoxin was tested in the @entity95 pyrogen test. The summed temperature increase for three @entity95 was 0.9 degrees C, while the same assay using untreated test pieces showed an increment of 3.7 degrees C. Administration of the same quantity of EO-treated and untreated endotoxin to the @entity95 , as adjusted by the LAL-test, produced the same temperature increment. The addition of @entity6414 (PB) to an endotoxin solution reduced the LAL activity by 75%. Had the endotoxin been exposed to EO, thereby reducing the LAL activity by 70%, addition of PB further reduced the activity by 99%. The reaction of EO on the endotoxin reduced the LAL activity as well as the pyrogenic response and increased the affinity to PB.

title: Inactivation of XXXX spores and @entity526 endotoxin by @entity11540 .

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['B. subtilis']


abstract: In tadpoles of @entity1238 , the effects of microgravity on the development of the roll-induced vestibuloocular reflex (rVOR) was investigated. Special attention was focused on sensitive periods and the minimum duration of microgravity exposure by which the development of the rVOR is affected. The peak-to-peak excursion (rVOR amplitude) of the rVOR characteristic for a lateral 360 degrees roll was used to describe microgravity effects. Fertilization of all eggs was performed 40 h before launch. Tadpoles were exposed to microgravity either during the first (MC-group) or second half of the mission (CM-group), or throughout the 9-day mission (MM-group). Inflight, 1G-gravity was simulated by a centrifuge (CC-group). After termination of the mission, the rVOR amplitude was only reduced in the MM-group with respect to the 1 G-inflight and 1 G-ground control by approximately 20-30% while both the MC- and CM- @entity1585 were not affected by the 4-day and 5-day microG exposure, respectively. However, CM-tadpoles like MM-tadpoles showed @entity600 of their body characterized by a dorsal bended tail. It disappeared in both @entity1585 within 2 weeks after landing. The difference between the rVOR amplitudes of the experimental @entity1585 disappeared within 5 weeks after landing. The results demonstrate that microgravity retards the development of the rVOR if it lasted longer than 4 days but that tadpoles are susceptible even for shorter periods as shown by the @entity600 of the body.

title: The minimum duration of microgravity experience during space flight which affects the development of the roll induced vestibulo-ocular reflex in an amphibian ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: The challenges associated with microsurgery of @entity1462 located in the midbrain, pons and medulla have promoted the development of alternative therapeutic techniques. To assess the efficacy and safety of radiosurgery in the management of brain stem @entity1462 we reviewed our 5-year experience in 50 @entity1 evaluated between 4 and 51 months (mean, 25 months) after radiosurgery. Twenty-eight @entity1 (56%) underwent gamma unit radiosurgery for symptomatic @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ), and 22 @entity1 (44%) for angiographically occult @entity1462 (AOVMs). @entity1 varied in age from 7 to 76 years (mean, 39 years). Forty-one @entity1 (82%) had from 1 to 5 @entity548 prior to gamma knife radiosurgery. Ten (20%) had one or two prior unsuccessful operations, and 37 (74%) presented with a @entity51 . Of the @entity1 with @entity2758 , 6 were considered Spetzler Grade III, and 22 (79%) Grade VI (inoperable: major component within the brain stem parenchyma). Forty-four @entity600 (88%) were adjacent to or within the midbrain and pons; the remainder involved the medulla. Average @entity600 diameters varied from 6 to 30.4 m (mean, 20.6; mean volume 4614 mm3). The minimal radiation dose to the margin of the @entity600 ranged from 12 to 25.6 Gy (mean, 18.9 Gy). Of the 28 @entity1 with @entity2758 , 8 had follow-up angiograms at a minimum of 2-years after radiosurgery (or sooner if their MRIs suggested obliteration). Of these @entity1 , 7 (88%) showed complete obliteration of their @entity600 . No @entity1 with AOVMs rehemorrhaged if more than 15 months elapsed after radiosurgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radiosurgery for XXXX of the brain stem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['vascular malformations']


abstract: In the period from 1957-1989 43 @entity706 of the thyroid gland were treated in the surgical department of Kaiser Elisabeth hospital. 42 were classified as @entity1893 and one as a @entity978 . The sex distribution was 32 @entity1 (mean age 70) to 11 @entity1 (mean age 72). The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to postoperative management. First group (1957-1978): conventional irradiation. N = 24 @entity1 , mean survival time 5 months (0-37 months). Second group (1979-1989): high voltage irradiation and/or chemotherapy. N = 19 @entity1 , mean survival time 39 months (1-128 months). All @entity1 in the first group died, whilst in the second group only 9 have died to date. Moreover, 9 of the 10 @entity1 who are still alive are in full remission. Over the past 10 years we have achieved a clear improvement in survival time; this is a result of extended radicality of the surgical procedures, haematological staging and an improvement in the chemotherapy and irradiation regimens.

title: [ XXXX of the thyroid gland].

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Malignant lymphomas']


abstract: The @entity460 ( @entity141 ) transporters, like @entity141 channels, @entity141 ATPases, and @entity141 exchangers, are instrumental for signaling and transport. However, the mechanism by which they orchestrate the accumulation of @entity141 in grain filling has not yet been investigated. Hence the present study was designed to identify the potential @entity460 transporter genes that may be responsible for the spatial accumulation of @entity460 during grain filling. In silico expression analyses were performed to identify @entity141 transporters that predominantly express during the different developmental stages of @entity579 . A total of 13 unique @entity460 transporters (7 from massively parallel signature sequencing [MPSS] data analysis, and 9 from microarray analysis) were identified. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed differential expression of the transporters across tissues, and principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited their seed-specific distinctive expression profile. Interestingly, @entity141 exchanger genes are highly expressed in the initial stages, whereas some @entity141 ATPase genes are highly expressed throughout seed development. Furthermore, analysis of the cis-elements located in the promoter region of the subset of 13 genes suggested that D of proteins play essential roles in regulating the expression of @entity141 transporter genes during @entity579 seed development. Based on these results, we developed a hypothetical model explaining the transport and tissue specific distribution of @entity460 in developing cereal seeds. The model may be extrapolated to understand the mechanism behind the exceptionally high level of @entity460 accumulation seen in grains like finger millet.

title: In silico analysis of expression data for identification of genes involved in spatial accumulation of XXXX in developing seeds of @entity579 .

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['rice', 'Oryza sativa']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Surgical research concentrating on @entity5 in the elderly has changed from small single institution outcome studies of carefully selected @entity1 to larger studies that test specific aspects of surgical selection, treatment, and outcome. The purpose of this paper is to review major new trends in surgical geriatric oncology research within the last decade. Reviewing PubMed listings of the last 10years reveals several identifiable areas of particular concentration. Although we use specific studies primarily from @entity2 treatment, the generalizations can be seen across the spectrum of geriatric @entity5 . These trends include screening for disease that can be successfully treated, integration of operative and non-operative therapies that are changing the indications for surgery, the use of prehabilitation to allow more borderline frail @entity1 to be treated surgically, the use of rehabilitation to facilitate rapid and complete recovery, prevention and treatment of common morbidities, with a special recent focus on @entity933 and @entity73 . New areas of surgical research include research on team building in the OR and ICU. Recent surgical research is becoming quantitative and multi-institutionally based. Overall surgical mortality has dropped over the past 25years in both @entity4207 and community hospitals. Prevention of morbidity and loss of functional status is a major focus of research. Funding for new Quality Assurance Projects for elderly @entity1 has been awarded to the American College of Surgeons, and should provide multi-institutional quality outcome data within 5years.

title: Recent trends in surgical research of XXXX treatment in the elderly, with a primary focus on @entity2 : Presentation at the 2015 annual meeting of SIOG.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin ( @entity443 ) and the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) in pre-elderly and elderly @entity1 in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done among 437 @entity1 , aged 45 to 94 years old. Early morning fasting sera were assayed for total @entity251 (TT), @entity443 and other biochemical markers. Free @entity251 (FT) was calculated. RESULTS: The @entity443 level of the @entity209 group was significantly lower than those without @entity209 35.70 (25.18, 47.10) nmol/L vs. 41.90 (31.80, 55.20) nmol/L; P < 0.001). As the number of @entity209 components increases, @entity443 and TT levels became lower. @entity443 correlated with age, as did TT and most of metabolic components. Body mass index (BMI), high density lipoprotein- @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity412 (TG), and TT remained independently associated with @entity443 by multivariate regression analysis. In a logistic regression taking @entity209 as the dependent variable, @entity443 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.975-0.994, P = 0.018) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (95%CI: 1.535-2.647, P < 0.001) were included in the final model. CONCLUSIONS: Lower @entity443 is independently associated with @entity209 among pre-elderly and elderly @entity1 . @entity443 may be an independent predictor of @entity209 , but the mechanism of how @entity443 is involved in @entity209 requires further studied.

title: Lower levels sex hormone-binding globulin independently associated with XXXX in pre-elderly and elderly @entity1 in China.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The short-term force-frequency characteristics of @entity235 left ventricular myocardium were examined in both isolated and intact preparations by briefly pertubing the frequency of contraction with early extrasystoles. The maximum rate of rise of isometric tension (Fmas) of the isolated trabeculae carneae was potentiated by the introduction of extrasystoles. The ratio of Fmas of potentiated to control beats (force-frequency ratio) was not altered significantly by a change in muscle length. However, exposure of the trabeculae to @entity3044 (10(-7)M) significantly changed the force-frequency ratio obtained in response to a constant frequency perturbation. Similar experiments were performed on chronically instrumented conscious @entity235 . Left ventricular minor axis diameter was measured with implanted pulse-transit ultrasonic dimension transducers, and intracavitary pressure was measured with a high fidelity micromanometer. Atrial pacing was performed so that the end-diastolic diameters of the beats preceding and following the extrasystole could be made identical. Large increases in the maximum rate of rise of pressure (Pmas) were seen in the contraction after the extrasystole. The ratio of Pmax of the potentiated beat to that of the control beat was not changed by a 9% increase in the end-diastolic diameter, produced by saline infusion. Conversely, @entity3044 significantly altered this relationship in the same manner as in the isolated muscle. Thus, either in vitro or in situ, left ventricular myocardium exhibits large functional changes in response to brief perturbations in rate. The @entity3044 and length data indicate that the force-frequency ratio reflects frequency-dependent changes in the inotropic state, independent of changes in length.

title: Evaluation of the force-frequency relationship as a descriptor of the inotropic state of XXXX left ventricular myocardium.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical observations often reveal individual differences in the severity of @entity82 after @entity2 . Recent experimental studies suggest that the risk of developing @entity82 may be genetically controlled. The present study was undertaken to examine the magnitude of individual variation in the incidence and severity of @entity82 in a well-defined @entity1 population treated by concurrent chemoradiation for @entity151 ( @entity151 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 1994, 56 @entity1 with @entity151 were enrolled in one of two controlled prospective studies of concurrent chemotherapy and concomitant conventional (45 Gy in 25 fractions q.d. over 5 weeks) or accelerated (45 Gy in 30 fractions b.i.d. over 3 weeks) radiotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of @entity900 and @entity2879 (PE) or PE plus @entity1260 and mesna (PIE). Of the 56, a group of 25 @entity1 who had serial computerized tomography (CT) examinations of the chest and were deemed to have unequivocal radiographic complete responses were selected for this study. The severity of @entity82 was recorded for each @entity1 from the CT images using an arbitrary scale (0 to 3) at 1 year after treatment. Radiographic @entity82 scores were recorded on 1-3 CT slices in 3 different dose-areas (20-30 Gy; 30-40 Gy; and >40 Gy) that were defined using the corresponding CT slices from the @entity1 's CT treatment plan. Of these @entity1 , 23 (92%) had at least 2 slices scored; 11 @entity1 had all 3 slices scored. RESULTS: Among the clinical and treatment parameters investigated (including type of chemotherapy), only total dose and fractionation schedule were identified as significant and independent @entity82 . Radiographic @entity82 scores were higher in high-dose areas and among @entity1 treated with the accelerated schedule. Using a fit of the proportional odds (PO) model based on the total dose and fractionation schedule, @entity82 score residuals were calculated for each @entity1 . The residual for each score is defined as the difference between the observed and expected score based on the dose and treatment schedule received. Average residuals varied significantly among @entity1 (p = 0.005, Kruskal-Willis test). Using a modified version of the PO model, the coefficient of variation in @entity1 heterogeneity was estimated to be 10.1% (95% confidence interval: 6.2-14.9%). Inclusion of the heterogeneity factor, in addition to total dose and fractionation schedule, improved the fit of the PO model to an extremely high level of significance (p < 10(-7)). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the risk and severity of @entity82 analyzed radiographically on CT images increases with total dose and with the use of an accelerated radiation schedule, for @entity1 treated with chemoradiation for @entity151 . There was also demonstrable @entity1 -to- @entity1 heterogeneity, suggesting that the risk of @entity82 is strongly affected by inherent factors that vary among individuals.

title: Factors influencing the development of XXXX after chemoradiation for small cell @entity2 : evidence for inherent interindividual variation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis', 'fibrosis', 'determinants of lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['definitive radiation therapy for lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['LSCLC', 'limited small-cell lung carcinomas', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['lung fibrosis']


abstract: Semiallogenetic radiation chimeras were prepared by injecting heavily irradiated F1 hybrid @entity19 with bone marrow cells from one parental strain; the bone marrow cells were treated with anti-theta serum and complement to remove T cells and injected in large numbers (2 times 10-7 cells). The @entity19 survived in excellent health until sacrifice 6 mo later. @entity1514 duct cannulation at this stage showed that the @entity19 possessed normal numbers of recirculating lymphocytes. Close to 100% of thoracic duct lymphocytes and lymph node cells were shown to be of donor strain origin. The capacity of lymphocytes from the chimeras to respond to host-type determinants was tested in mixed leukocyte culture and in an assay for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) were measured both in vitro and in vivo; @entity5 cells and phytohemmaglutinin-stimulated blast cells were used as target cells for measuring @entity1358 . While responding normally to third party determinants, cells from the chimeras gave a definite, though reduced MLR when exposed to host-type determinants. However, this proliferative response to host-type determinants, unlike that to third party determinants, was not associated with differentiation into cytotoxic lymphocytes. No evidence could be found that unresponsiveness in this situation was due to blocking serum factors or suppressor T cells. It is argued that the results support the concept that lymphocytes responsive in mixed leukocyte culture have a different specificity to those exerting @entity1358 .

title: Association of immunity and tolerance to host H-2 determinants in irradiated F1 hybrid XXXX reconstituted with bone marrow cells from one parental strain.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'cell-mediated lympholysis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']